³1username³2JoshuaGrosse³2name³2text_default³2version³21³2ts³2980149665³2ip³2129.97.130.6³2data³2newauthor³31³3minor³30³3text³3It turns out that most of the major language families are related into one superfamily, referred to as Indo-European.  Discussion about actual Proto-Indo-European civilization has been set back by its association with Hitler's Aryan doctrine, but they probably lived some place about the CaspianSea around 2000 B.C.  Huge dictionaries have been compiled of inferred PIE words.

The various subgroups of Indo-European had diverged and spread by about 1500 B.C., and include

CelticLanguages

GermanicLanguages

ItalicLanguages

IllyrianLanguages

GreekLanguage

SlavicLanguages

AnatolianLanguages

IndoIranianLanguages, e.g. SanskritLanguage
³3summary³3³2tscreate³2980149665³2keepts³2980149765³2id³21076³2host³2cnts3p06.uwaterloo.ca³2revision³21³1username³2JoshuaGrosse³2name³2text_default³2version³21³2ts³2980149765³2ip³2129.97.130.6³2data³2text³3It turns out that most of the major language families are related into one superfamily, referred to as Indo-European.  Discussion about actual Proto-Indo-European civilization has been set back by its association with Hitler's Aryan doctrine, but they probably lived some place about the CaspianSea around 2000 B.C.  Huge dictionaries have been compiled of inferred PIE words.

The various subgroups of Indo-European had diverged and spread by about 1500 B.C., and include

CelticLanguages

GermanicLanguages

ItalicLanguages - including LatinLanguage and its descendants, the RomanceLanguages

IllyrianLanguages

GreekLanguage

SlavicLanguages

AnatolianLanguages

IndoIranianLanguages, e.g. SanskritLanguage
³3minor³31³3newauthor³30³3summary³3³2tscreate³2980149665³2keepts³2980153581³2id³21076³2host³2cnts3p06.uwaterloo.ca³2revision³22³1username³2JoshuaGrosse³2name³2text_default³2version³21³2ts³2980153581³2ip³2129.97.130.6³2data³2newauthor³30³3minor³30³3text³3It turns out that most of the major language families are related into one superfamily, referred to as Indo-European.  They are associated with various groups of migrants that appeared during the BronzeAge, around 2000-1600 BC.  Huge amounts of information about PIE lexicon and grammar have been inferred.  Discussion about actual proto-IE culture has been stalled, though, by its association with the racist doctrines of NaziGermany.

The various subgroups of Indo-European include:

CelticLanguages

GermanicLanguages

ItalicLanguages - including LatinLanguage and its descendants, the RomanceLanguages

IllyrianLanguages

GreekLanguage

SlavicLanguages

AnatolianLanguages

IndoIranianLanguages, e.g. SanskritLanguage
³3summary³3*³2tscreate³2980149665³2keepts³2980154295³2id³21076³2host³2cnts3p06.uwaterloo.ca³2revision³23³1username³2JoshuaGrosse³2name³2text_default³2version³21³2ts³2980154295³2ip³2129.97.130.6³2data³2text³3It turns out that most of the major language families are related into one superfamily, referred to as Indo-European.  They are associated with various groups of migrants that appeared during the BronzeAge, around 2000-1600 BC.  Huge amounts of information about PIE lexicon and grammar have been inferred.  Discussion about actual proto-IE culture has been stalled, though, by its association with the racist doctrines of NaziGermany.

The various subgroups of Indo-European include:

CelticLanguages

GermanicLanguages

ItalicLanguages, including Latin and its descendants, the RomanceLanguages

IllyrianLanguages (now restricted to AlbanianLanguage)

GreekLanguage

SlavicLanguages

AnatolianLanguages (extinct)

IndoIranianLanguages, e.g. SanskritLanguage
³3minor³31³3newauthor³30³3summary³3*³2tscreate³2980149665³2keepts³2980191138³2id³21076³2host³2cnts3p06.uwaterloo.ca³2revision³24³1username³2³2name³2text_default³2version³21³2ts³2980191138³2ip³2204.242.142.104³2data³2newauthor³31³3minor³31³3text³3It turns out that most of the major language families are related into one superfamily, referred to as Indo-European. They are associated with various groups of migrants that appeared during the BronzeAge, around 2000-1600 BC.  Huge amounts of information about ProtoIndoEuropean (PIE) lexicon and grammar have been inferred. Discussion about actual proto-IE culture has been stalled, though, by its association with the racist doctrines of NaziGermany.

The various subgroups of Indo-European include:

CelticLanguages

GermanicLanguages

ItalicLanguages, including Latin and its descendants, the RomanceLanguages

IllyrianLanguages (now restricted to AlbanianLanguage)

GreekLanguage

SlavicLanguages

AnatolianLanguages (extinct)

IndoIranianLanguages, e.g. SanskritLanguage
³3summary³3*³2tscreate³2980149665³2keepts³2980500421³2id³2111³2host³2arsenic.akopia.com³2revision³25³1username³2JoshuaGrosse³2name³2text_default³2version³21³2ts³2980500421³2ip³2129.97.130.42³2data³2text³3It turns out that most of the major language families are related into one superfamily, referred to as Indo-European. They are associated with various groups of migrants that appeared around the beginning of the BronzeAge.  Huge amounts of information about ProtoIndoEuropean (PIE) lexicon and grammar have been inferred. Discussion about actual proto-IE culture has been stalled, though, by its association with the racist doctrines of German NationalSocialism.

The various subgroups of Indo-European include:

   IndoIranianLanguages (e.g. SanskritLanguage, HindiLanguage, PersianLanguage)
   ItalicLanguages (including Latin and its descendants, the RomanceLanguages)
   GermanicLanguages (e.g. EnglishLanguage, GermanLanguage, DutchLanguage, SwedishLanguage)
   CelticLanguages (e.g. IrishLanguage, WelshLanguage)
   BalticLanguages (e.g. OldPrussian, LatvianLanguage, LithuanianLanguage)
   SlavicLanguages (e.g. OldSlavonic, RussianLanguage, PolishLanguage, CzechLanguage, SerboCroatianLanguage)
   IllyrianLanguages (AlbanianLanguage and extinct cousins)
   AnatolianLanguages (extinct, most notable was the language of the HittitePeoples)
   TocharianLanguages (extinct tongues of TocharianPeoples)
   GreekLanguage
   ArmenianLanguage
   
These are all InflectedLanguages unlike, say, ChineseLanguages.  Some work indicates they may belong to a hypothetical language superfamily called the NostraticLanguages.  For those interested in such things, the original sounds appear to be

   p   t   ky  k   kw                   Voiceless stops
   b   d   gy  g   gw                   Voiced stops
   bh  dh  ghy gh  ghw                  Voiced aspirated stops

   s   z   H1  H2  H3                   Spirants, laryngeals (quality unknown)
   r   l   y   w   m   n                Semi-vowels, nasals
   
   a   e   i   o   u                    Short vowels
   a^  e^  i^  o^? u^?                  Long vowels
³3minor³30³3newauthor³31³3summary³3*³2tscreate³2980149665³2keepts³2980625523³2id³21076³2host³2cnts3p42.uwaterloo.ca³2revision³26³1username³2JoshuaGrosse³2name³2text_default³2version³21³2ts³2980625523³2ip³2129.97.13.12³2data³2newauthor³30³3minor³30³3text³3It turns out that most of the major language families are related into one superfamily, referred to as Indo-European. They are associated with various groups of migrants that appeared around the beginning of the BronzeAge.  Huge amounts of information about ProtoIndoEuropean (PIE) lexicon and grammar have been inferred. Discussion about actual proto-IE culture has been stalled, though, by its association with the racist doctrines of German NationalSocialism.

The various subgroups of Indo-European include:

* IndoIranianLanguages (e.g. SanskritLanguage, HindiLanguage, PersianLanguage)
* ItalicLanguages (including Latin and its descendants, the RomanceLanguages)
* GermanicLanguages (e.g. EnglishLanguage, GermanLanguage, DutchLanguage, SwedishLanguage)
* CelticLanguages (e.g. IrishLanguage, WelshLanguage)
* BalticLanguages (e.g. OldPrussian, LatvianLanguage, LithuanianLanguage)
* SlavicLanguages (e.g. OldSlavonic, RussianLanguage, PolishLanguage, CzechLanguage, SerboCroatianLanguage)
* IllyrianLanguages (AlbanianLanguage and extinct cousins)
* AnatolianLanguages (extinct, most notable was the language of the HittitePeoples)
* TocharianLanguages (extinct tongues of TocharianPeoples)
* GreekLanguage
* ArmenianLanguage
   
These are all InflectedLanguages unlike, say, ChineseLanguages.  Some work indicates they may belong to a hypothetical language superfamily called the NostraticLanguages.  For those interested in such things, the original sounds appear to be

   p   t   ky  k   kw                   Voiceless stops
   b   d   gy  g   gw                   Voiced stops
   bh  dh  ghy gh  ghw                  Voiced aspirated stops

   s   z   H1  H2  H3                   Spirants, laryngeals (quality unknown)
   r   l   y   w   m   n                Semi-vowels, nasals
   
   a   e   i   o   u                    Short vowels
   a^  e^  i^  o^? u^?                  Long vowels
³3summary³3*³2tscreate³2980149665³2keepts³2980625803³2id³21076³2host³2cnts6p12.uwaterloo.ca³2revision³27³1username³2JoshuaGrosse³2name³2text_default³2version³21³2ts³2980625803³2ip³2129.97.13.12³2data³2text³3It turns out that most of the major language families are related into one superfamily, referred to as Indo-European. They are associated with various groups of migrants that appeared around the beginning of the BronzeAge.  Huge amounts of information about ProtoIndoEuropean (PIE) lexicon and grammar have been inferred. Discussion about actual proto-IE culture has been stalled, though, by its association with the racist doctrines of German NationalSocialism.

The various subgroups of Indo-European include:

* IndoIranianLanguages
* ItalicLanguages (including Latin and its descendants, the RomanceLanguages)
* GermanicLanguages
* CelticLanguages
* BalticLanguages
* SlavicLanguages
* IllyrianLanguages (AlbanianLanguage and extinct cousins)
* AnatolianLanguages (extinct, most notable was the language of the HittitePeoples)
* TocharianLanguages (extinct tongues of TocharianPeoples)
* GreekLanguage
* ArmenianLanguage
   
These are all InflectedLanguages unlike, say, ChineseLanguages.  Some work indicates they may belong to a hypothetical language superfamily called the NostraticLanguages.  For those interested in such things, the original sounds appear to be

   p   t   ky  k   kw                   Voiceless stops
   b   d   gy  g   gw                   Voiced stops
   bh  dh  ghy gh  ghw                  Voiced aspirated stops

   s   z   H1  H2  H3                   Spirants, laryngeals (quality unknown)
   r   l   y   w   m   n                Semi-vowels, nasals
   
   a   e   i   o   u                    Short vowels
   a^  e^  i^  o^? u^?                  Long vowels
³3minor³31³3newauthor³30³3summary³3*³2tscreate³2980149665³2keepts³2980626042³2id³21076³2host³2cnts6p12.uwaterloo.ca³2revision³28³1username³2JoshuaGrosse³2name³2text_default³2version³21³2ts³2980626042³2ip³2129.97.13.12³2data³2newauthor³30³3minor³31³3text³3It turns out that most of the major language families are related into one superfamily, referred to as Indo-European. They are associated with various groups of migrants that appeared around the beginning of the BronzeAge.  Huge amounts of information about ProtoIndoEuropean (PIE) lexicon and grammar have been inferred. Discussion about actual proto-IE culture has been stalled, though, by its association with the racist doctrines of German NationalSocialism.

The various subgroups of Indo-European include:

* IndoIranianLanguages
* ItalicLanguages (including Latin and its descendants, the RomanceLanguages)
* GermanicLanguages
* CelticLanguages
* BalticLanguages
* SlavicLanguages
* IllyrianLanguages (AlbanianLanguage and extinct cousins)
* AnatolianLanguages (extinct, most notable was the language of the HittitePeoples)
* TocharianLanguages (extinct tongues of TocharianPeoples)
* GreekLanguage
* ArmenianLanguage
   
These are all InflectedLanguages unlike, say, ChineseLanguages.  Some work indicates they may belong to a hypothetical language superfamily called the NostraticLanguages.  For those interested in such things, the original sounds appear to be

   p   t   ky  k   kw                   Voiceless stops
   b   d   gy  g   gw                   Voiced stops
   bh  dh  ghy gh  ghw                  Voiced aspirated stops

   s   z   H1  H2  H3                   Spirants, laryngeals (quality unknown)
   r   l   y   w   m   n                Semi-vowels, nasals (all can be vocalic)
   
   a   e   i   o   u                    Short vowels
   a^  e^  i^  o^? u^?                  Long vowels
³3summary³3*³2tscreate³2980149665³2keepts³2980632349³2id³21076³2host³2cnts6p12.uwaterloo.ca³2revision³29³1username³2JoshuaGrosse³2name³2text_default³2version³21³2ts³2980632349³2ip³2129.97.130.8³2data³2text³3It turns out that most of the western major language families are related into one superfamily, referred to as Indo-European. They are associated with various groups of migrants that appeared around the beginning of the BronzeAge.  Huge amounts of information about ProtoIndoEuropean (PIE) lexicon and grammar have been inferred. Discussion about actual proto-IE culture has been stalled, though, by its association with the racist doctrines of German NationalSocialism.

The various subgroups of Indo-European include:

* IndoIranianLanguages
* ItalicLanguages (including Latin and its descendants, the RomanceLanguages)
* GermanicLanguages
* CelticLanguages
* BalticLanguages
* SlavicLanguages
* IllyrianLanguages (AlbanianLanguage and extinct cousins)
* AnatolianLanguages (extinct, most notable was the language of the HittitePeoples)
* TocharianLanguages (extinct tongues of TocharianPeoples)
* GreekLanguage
* ArmenianLanguage
   
These are all InflectedLanguages unlike, say, ChineseLanguages.  Some work indicates they may belong to a hypothetical language superfamily called the NostraticLanguages.  For those interested in such things, the original sounds appear to be

   p   t   ky  k   kw                   Voiceless stops
   b   d   gy  g   gw                   Voiced stops
   bh  dh  ghy gh  ghw                  Voiced aspirated stops

   s   z   H1  H2  H3                   Spirants, laryngeals (quality unknown)
   r   l   y   w   m   n                Semi-vowels, nasals (all can be vocalic)
   
   a   e   i   o   u                    Short vowels
   a^  e^  i^  o^? u^?                  Long vowels
³3minor³31³3newauthor³30³3summary³3*³2tscreate³2980149665³2keepts³2980633295³2id³21076³2host³2cnts3p08.uwaterloo.ca³2revision³210³1username³2JoshuaGrosse³2name³2text_default³2version³21³2ts³2980633295³2ip³2129.97.130.8³2data³2newauthor³30³3minor³31³3text³3It turns out that most of the western major language families are related into one superfamily, referred to as Indo-European. They are associated with various groups of migrants that appeared around the beginning of the BronzeAge.  Huge amounts of information about ProtoIndoEuropean (PIE) lexicon and grammar have been inferred. Discussion about actual proto-IE culture has been stalled, though, by its association with the racist doctrines of German NationalSocialism.

The various subgroups of Indo-European include:

* IndoIranianLanguages
* ItalicLanguages (including Latin and its descendants, the RomanceLanguages)
* GermanicLanguages
* CelticLanguages
* BalticLanguages
* SlavicLanguages
* IllyrianLanguages (AlbanianLanguage and extinct cousins)
* AnatolianLanguages (extinct, most notable was the language of the HittitePeoples)
* TocharianLanguages (extinct tongues of TocharianPeoples)
* GreekLanguage
* ArmenianLanguage
   
These are all InflectedLanguages unlike, say, SinoTibetanLanguages.  Some work indicates they may belong to a hypothetical language superfamily called the NostraticLanguages.  For those interested in such things, the original sounds appear to be

   p   t   ky  k   kw                   Voiceless stops
   b   d   gy  g   gw                   Voiced stops
   bh  dh  ghy gh  ghw                  Voiced aspirated stops

   s   z   H1  H2  H3                   Spirants, laryngeals (quality unknown)
   r   l   y   w   m   n                Semi-vowels, nasals (all can be vocalic)
   
   a   e   i   o   u                    Short vowels
   a^  e^  i^  o^? u^?                  Long vowels
³3summary³3*³2tscreate³2980149665³2keepts³2980819721³2id³21076³2host³2cnts3p08.uwaterloo.ca³2revision³211³1username³2JoshuaGrosse³2name³2text_default³2version³21³2ts³2980819721³2ip³2129.97.130.25³2data³2text³3It turns out that most of the western major language families are related into one superfamily, referred to as Indo-European. They are associated with various groups of migrants that appeared around the beginning of the BronzeAge.  Huge amounts of information about ProtoIndoEuropean (PIE) lexicon and grammar have been inferred. Discussion about actual proto-IE culture has been stalled, though, by its association with the racist doctrines of German NationalSocialism.

The various subgroups of Indo-European include:

* IndoIranianLanguages
* ItalicLanguages (including Latin and its descendants, the RomanceLanguages)
* GermanicLanguages
* CelticLanguages
* BalticLanguages
* SlavicLanguages
* IllyrianLanguages (AlbanianLanguage and extinct cousins)
* AnatolianLanguages (extinct, most notable was the language of the HittitePeoples)
* TocharianLanguages (extinct tongues of TocharianPeoples)
* GreekLanguage
* ArmenianLanguage
   
These are all InflectedLanguages unlike, say, SinoTibetanLanguages.  Some work indicates they may belong to a hypothetical language superfamily called the NostraticLanguages.  For those interested in such things, the original sounds appear to be

   p   t   ky  k   kw                   Voiceless stops
   b   d   gy  g   gw                   Voiced stops
   bh  dh  ghy gh  ghw                  Voiced aspirated stops

   s   z   H1  H2  H3                   Spirants, laryngeals (quality unknown)
   r   l   y   w   m   n                Semi-vowels, nasals (all can be vocalic)
   
   a   e   i   o   u                    Short vowels
   â   ê   î   ô?  û?                   Long vowels
³3minor³31³3newauthor³30³3summary³3*³2tscreate³2980149665³2keepts³2980846696³2id³21076³2host³2cnts3p25.uwaterloo.ca³2revision³212