Wikipedia http://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A0u_Hi%C4%83h MediaWiki 1.9alpha first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikipedia Wikipedia talk Image Image talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk 1 3960 2006-12-09T08:08:48Z Yes0song 44 Taehang->Daehan(대한) __NOTOC__ __NOEDITSECTION__ <div id="tau-hiah"> {| width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" | colspan="2" | <div colspan="2" style="border:2px solid;border-color:#ddd #888 #666 #ccc;padding:0 1em;color:black;background:#fff;margin:4px"> <table align="baseline" border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1"> <tr> <td>'''Huăng-ngìng nṳ̄ guŏng-lìng [[Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄]] [[Wikipedia]]!''' Wikipedia sê cê̤ṳ-iù gì báik-kuŏ-ciòng-cṳ̆, găk cŭ-uái, giĕng-dṳ̆k ciáh nè̤ng dŭ â̤-sāi hông-hióng ĭ gì dĭ-sék. Â̤ báik gōng [[Hók-ciŭ-uâ]] mâ̤? Huòi nṳ̄ gó găh lā̤ dīng sié-nó̤h?! Ká̤-ká̤ cà̤ lì chăng siŏh kă! Hiêng-káik-sì, Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄ Wikipedia dŭ-liāng ô '''[[Special:Statistics|{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}} piĕng]]''' ùng-ciŏng. Năng-gă gōng-hō̤ mò̤ sāi [[Háng-cê]], uòng-ciòng sāi Hók-ciŭ-uâ [[Bàng-uâ-cê]] siā ùng-ciŏng. Cūng-kuāng có̤ sê-hō̤ sê-ngài? Ô sié-nó̤h é-giéng gióng-ngiê kī-dâe̤ng nṳ̄ gáu '''[[Wikipedia:Duâi chéu â|Duâi chéu â]]''' làu uâ. Ôi lāu ciáng-siòng hiēng-sê Bàng-uâ-cê cê-mō̤, chiāng hâ-diòng [http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=CharisSIL_download#FontsDownload Charis SIL cê-tā̤], ng-sāi cièng gì.</td> <td>'''歡迎汝光臨[[Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄|閩東語]][[Wikipedia]]！'''Wikipedia是自由其百科全書，洽租塊，兼逐隻儂都會使貢獻伊其知識。會仈講[[Hók-ciŭ-uâ|福州話]]賣？噲汝故洽嚟等什乇？！快快齊來參蜀骹！現刻時，閩東語Wikipedia都領有'''[[Special:Statistics|{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}篇]]'''文章。咱家講好無使[[Háng-cê|漢字]]，完全使福州話[[Bàng-uâ-cê|平話字]]寫文章。將換做是好是呆？有什乇意見建議起動汝遘'''[[Wikipedia:Duâi chéu â|大樹下]]'''留話。為了正常顯示平話字字母，請下傳[http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=CharisSIL_download#FontsDownload Charis SIL字體]，伓使錢其。</td></tr> <tr> <td>''Not a Min Dong speaker? Please [[Wikipedia:Guestbook for Non-Min-Dong Speakers|come here]] if you have any comments or questions.''</td> <td>''平話字是19世紀西方傳教士為福州話設計的羅馬文字。看不懂嗎？沒關係！[[Help:如何讀|我們教你！]]''</td> </tr> </table> </div> |- | width="50%" style="vertical-align:top;" | <!-- Mŭk-liŏh --> <div colspan="1" style="border:2px solid;border-color:#ddd #888 #666 #ccc;padding:0 1em;color:black;background:#fff;margin:4px"> <h3 style="text-align:center" id="wikipediatoc">[[Image:P literature.png|35px]]Wikipedia mŭk-liŏh</h3> {{Báik-kuŏ-ciòng-cṳ̆}} </div> | width="50%" style="vertical-align:top;" | <!-- Bō̤-ciéng --> <div colspan="1" style="border:2px solid;border-color:#ddd #888 #666 #ccc;padding:0 1em;color:black;background:#fff;margin:4px"> <h3 style="text-align:center" id="wikipediatoc">[[Image:Article.gif]]Bō̤-ciéng hō̤ ùng</h3> [[Image:Flag of South Korea.svg|100px|right]] '''Hàng-guók''' (Hanguk) ciòng miàng hāu lā̤ „'''Dâi-hàng Mìng-guók'''“ (Daehan Minguk), sê [[Ā-ciŭ]] dĕ̤ng-buô Hàng Buáng-dō̤ (iâ hāu lă̤ Dièu-siēng Buáng-dō̤) gà̤-dēng gì siŏh bĭk [[guók-gă]]. Hàng-guók ciòng guók nè̤ng-só ô 4,500 uâng, gī-hù dŭ sê Hàng nè̤ng (Dièu-siēng nè̤ng). Hàng-guók găh ’60 nièng-dâi sìng-gŭng sĭk-hèng gì „nguôi-hióng ciō-dô̤ hìng“ gĭng-cá̤ huŏng-cĭng hâiu, téng lŏ̤h-hâiu gì nùng-ngiĕk guók-gă biéng có̤ Ā-ciŭ gĭng-cá̤ huák-dăk gì gĕ̤ng-ngiĕk guók-gă. Hàng-guók sê Ā-ciŭ [[Hĭ-lĭ-pĭng]] ī-hâiu dâ̤ nê duâi [[Gĭ-dók-gáu]] guŏk-gă. Hàng-guók hiêng-dâi ùng-huá găh Ā-ciŭ dĕk-biék găh [[Dṳ̆ng-guók]] ô siŏng-dŏng duâi gì īng-hiōng. [[Hàng-guók|'''''(Gié-sṳ̆k tĕ̤k...)''''']] </div> <!-- Â̤ báik mâ̤ --> <div colspan="1" style="border:2px solid;border-color:#ddd #888 #666 #ccc;padding:0 1em;color:black;background:#fff;margin:4px"> <h3 style="text-align:center" id="wikipediatoc">[[Image:Question.png]]Nṳ̄ â̤ báik mâ̤?</h3> {{Â̤ báik mâ̤}} </div> |} <!-- Ciā-muói --> <div colspan="1" style="border:2px solid;border-color:#ddd #888 #666 #ccc;padding:0 1em;color:black;background:#fff;margin:4px"> <h3 style="text-align:center" id="wikipediatoc">Ciā-muói gĕ̤ng-tiàng</h3> {| align="center" cellpadding="2" width="100%" style="text-align:left" | [[Image:Wikimedia-logo.svg|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[m:|'''Nguòng-Wiki''']]<br />Hiĕk-dièu sū-iū Wikimedia gĕ̤ng-tiàng | [[Image:Commons-logo.svg|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[commons:|'''Wiki Gê̤ṳng-hiōng''']]<br />Cê̤ṳ-iù bēng-guòng dŏ̤-mùi-tā̤ cṳ̆-lâu | [[Image:Wikisource-logo.png|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[s:|'''Wiki Dù-cṳ̆-guāng''']]<br />Bàng-uâ ùng-hŏk cáuk-pīng | [[Image:Wikispecies-logo.png|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[Wikispecies:|'''Wiki Ŭk-cṳ̄ng''']]<br />Tiĕng-â ék-chiék ô uăk-miâng gì nó̤h |} </div> </div> <!-- Gì-tă Wiki --> [[ar:]] [[de:]] [[bo:]] [[en:]] [[eo:]] [[es:]] [[fi:]] [[fr:]] [[he:]] [[id:]] [[ii:]] [[it:]] [[ja:]] [[kk:]] [[ko:]] [[ky:]] [[la:]] [[mn:]] [[ms:]] [[zh-min-nan:]] [[nl:]] [[pl:]] [[pt:]] [[ru:]] [[sv:]] [[th:]] [[tl:]] [[tt:]] [[ug:]] [[uz:]] [[vi:]] [[wuu:]] [[xal:]] [[zh-yue:]] [[za:]] [[zh:]] [[zh-classical:]] 8 1388 2006-10-10T14:33:08Z Chun-hian 7 Dṳ̀ng-sĭng dêng-hióng gáu [[Wikipedia:Hèng-céng Ìng-uòng]] #REDIRECT [[Wikipedia:Hèng-céng Ìng-uòng]] 24 56 2006-10-03T00:46:54Z GnuDoyng 13 Ôi lāu huŏng-biêng ê̤ṳng-hô gău-liù, năng-gă sṳ̆-iéu sāi Bă-biĕk-ták biĕu-sék ê̤ṳng-hô â̤ hiēu gōng gì ngṳ̄-ngiòng. Chiāng nṳ̄ ciŏng nṳ̄ mò̤ tō̤ diŏh gì muò-bēng gă-tiĕng diŏh â-dā̤, ŏ̤h cūng-kuāng: 27 3179 2006-10-31T13:13:46Z GnuDoyng 13 '''Bàng-uâ''' (平話) sê [[Mìng-dĕ̤ng]] dê-kṳ̆ (ciō-iéu sê [[Hók-ciŭ]] gâe̤ng [[Nìng-dáik]]) buōng-dê-nè̤ng dó̤i [[Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄]] gì chĭng-huák, é-sé̤ṳ sê "bàng-siòng gōng gì uâ". [[Category:Ngṳ̄-ngiòng]] [[Category:Mìng-cṳ̆]] [[Category:Sĕk-ék]] [[zh:平话]] 28 3260 2006-11-01T13:15:26Z GnuDoyng 13 /* Sṳ̆-siōng */ [[Image:Plato.png|thumb|150px|Báik-lăk-dù|right]] '''Báik-lăk-dù''' (柏拉圖, [[Hĭ-lăk-ngṳ̄]]: Πλάτων, Sèng 427 - Sèng 347 nièng) sê [[Gū Hĭ-lăk]] gì [[Diék-hŏk|diék-hŏk-gă]]. "Báik-lăk-dù" diŏh Hĭ-lăk-ngṳ̄ diē-sié sê "giĕng-tàu kuăng" gì é-sé̤ṳ. Báik-lăk-dù sê [[Sŭ-gáh-lăk-dā̤]] (蘇格拉底) gì hŏk-sĕng, [[Ā-lī-sê̤ṳ-dŏ̤-dáik]] (亞里士多德) gì sĭng-săng. Ĭ có̤i chók-miàng gì cáuk-pīng sê '''''Lī-siōng Guók''''' (理想國, Hĭ-lăk-ngṳ̄: Πολιτεία). Báik-lăk-dù gì sṳ̆-siōng ék-dĭk īng-hiōng lāu hâiu-sié [[Să̤-huŏng]] [[Mì-sĭng-ciō-ngiê|káh-guăng mì-sĭng-ciō-ngiê diék-hŏk]] gâe̤ng [[Gĭ-dók-gáu]] [[sìng-hŏk]] gì huák-diēng. ==Sṳ̆-siōng== Dŏng Sŭ-gáh-dā̤ ké̤ṳk [[Ngā-diēng]] céng-hū puáng sī cĭ-hâiu, Báik-lăk-dù kăi-sṳ̄ hièng-hâung [[mìng-ciō]] cié-dô. Diŏh ''Lī-siōng Guók'' diē-sié, Báik-lăk-dù tō̤-lâung lāu sié-nó̤h kuāng gì [[guók-gă]] ciáh sê có̤i lī-siōng gì. Ĭ nêng-ùi, guók-gă céng-guòng găi-dŏng gău-ké̤ṳk diék-hŏk-gă lì tūng-dê. Lī-siōng Guók gì gŭng-mìng buŏng có̤ uôi-guók-ciā, bĭng-gŏ̤ gâe̤ng pū-tŭng ìng-mìng 3 bĭh gāi-gék. Uôi-guók-ciā sê guāng-lī guók-gă gì cĭng-ĭng. Ôi-lāu duâi-buô-hông nè̤ng gì lê-ék, céng-hū â̤-sāi kĭ-piéng ĭ gì ìng-mìng. Găh cī ciáh Lī-siōng Guók, giĕng-dṳ̆k nè̤ng nâ â̤-sāi guāng ĭ cê-gă gì dâi-gié. Găh gĭng-dáng, Báik-lăk-dù gì Lī-siōng Guók ô nék-giāng chiông hiêng-dô̤i gì [[gĭk-guòng-ciō-ngiê]] guók-gă. Báik-lăk-dù nêng-ùi uâng-ŭk gì buōng-nguòng sê chiĕu gāng-gáuk gì "lī-niêng", lī-niêng sié-gái sê cĭng-sĭk gì, ŭk-cék sié-gái nâ sê lī-niêng sié-gái gì ōng, sê mâ̤ uòng-ciòng mâ̤ cĭng-sĭk gì. [[Category:Ìng-ŭk]] [[Category:Diék-hŏk]] [[Category:Lĭk-sṳ̄]] [[af:Plato]] [[ar:أفلاطون]] [[ast:Platón]] [[bn:প্লেটো]] [[ba:Платон]] [[bs:Platon]] [[bg:Платон]] [[ca:Plató]] [[cs:Platón]] [[cy:Plato]] [[da:Platon]] [[de:Platon]] [[et:Platon]] [[el:Πλάτων]] [[en:Plato]] [[es:Platón]] [[eo:Platono]] [[eu:Platon]] [[fa:افلاطون]] [[fr:Platon]] [[ga:Platón]] [[gl:Platón]] [[ko:플라톤]] [[hr:Platon]] [[io:Platon]] [[ilo:Plato]] [[id:Plato]] [[is:Platon]] [[it:Platone]] [[he:אפלטון]] [[jv:Plato]] [[ka:პლატონი]] [[la:Plato]] [[lv:Platons]] [[lt:Platonas]] [[hu:Platón]] [[mk:Платон]] [[ms:Plato]] [[nl:Plato (filosoof)]] [[ja:プラトン]] [[no:Platon]] [[ps:افلاطون]] [[nds:Platon]] [[pl:Platon]] [[pt:Platão]] [[ro:Platon]] [[ru:Платон]] [[sq:Platoni]] [[scn:Platoni]] [[simple:Plato]] [[sk:Platón]] [[sl:Platon]] [[sr:Платон]] [[sh:Platon]] [[fi:Platon]] [[sv:Platon]] [[ta:பிளேட்டோ]] [[th:เพลโต]] [[vi:Platon]] [[tpi:Platon]] [[tr:Platon]] [[uk:Платон]] [[wa:Platon]] [[zh:柏拉图]] 29 735 2006-10-03T00:57:57Z Incubator import 18 [[Test-wp/cdo/Báik Sáng Ĭk Mìng]] moved to [[Báik Sáng Ĭk Mìng]] '''Báik Sáng Ĭk Mìng''' (八姓入閩) sê [[Lĭk-sṳ̄|lĭk-sṳ̄]] siông [[Háng-cŭk]] gâe̤ng [[Mìng-uŏk-cŭk]] gì siŏh huòi duâi ṳ̀ng-hăk. [[Céng-dièu|Să̤-céng]] sì-hâiu ([[308 nièng]]), [[Dṳ̆ng-nguòng]] huák-sĕng ciêng-lâung, cĭng sâ̤ Háng-ìng hióng nàng-sié piáh-cāu (Sṳ̄-cŭ sū gōng gì "Ĭ-guăng nàng dô̤" (衣冠南渡)), diē [[Hók-gióng]] diâng-gṳ̆. Cī dêng nè̤ng ciō-iéu ô 8 ciáh [[Sáng|sáng]]: '''Lìng''' (林), '''Dìng''' (陳), '''Uòng''' (黃), '''Dâng''' (鄭), '''Ciĕng''' (詹), '''Kiŭ''' (邱), '''Hò̤''' (何), '''Hù''' (胡). Dìng, Lìng, Uòng gâe̤ng Dâng sê hiêng-hâ-sì [[Hók-ciŭ]] 4 ciáh có̤i duâi gì sáng. Nè̤ng gōng "Dìng Lìng siŏh duâi buáng, Uòng Dâng muāng gă̤ bà̤" (陳林蜀大半, 黃鄭滿街排). [[Category:Lĭk-sṳ̄]] [[Category:Mìng-cṳ̆]] [[zh:八姓入闽]] 30 3943 2006-12-03T12:38:53Z GnuDoyng 13 «'''Chék Lìng Báik Ĭng'''» (戚林八音) găh 1749 nièng siā uòng, sê [[Hók-ciŭ]] buōng-iòng có̤i chók-miàng gì dê-huŏng ông-cṳ̆, iâ sê hiêng-gĭng ngiēng-géu [[Hók-ciŭ-uâ]] ĭng-ông gì dê̤ṳng-iéu cṳ̆-lâiu. «Chék Lìng Báik Ĭng» sê «'''Chék Chăng-cióng Báik Ĭng Cê-ngiê Biêng-lāng'''» (戚參將八音字義便覽, siàng-cṳ̆ găh [[Mìng-dièu]] [[Chék Gié-guŏng]] (戚繼光) diŏh [[Hók-gióng]] káung [[Nĭk-buōng|Uŏ]] gì sèng-hâiu) gâe̤ng «'''Tái-sṳ̄ Lìng Pék-săng Sĭng-săng Ciŏ-ngṳ̆k Dùng-sĕng'''» (太史林碧山先生珠玉同聲, siàng-cṳ̆ găh [[Chĭng-dièu]] [[Kŏng-hĭ]] nièng găng) lâng buōng ông-cṳ̆ gì hăk-déng-buōng. "'''Báik Ĭng'''" gì é-sé̤ṳ sê "8 ciáh [[siăng-diêu]]". Dŏng-sì biĕng-siā «Chék Chăng-cióng Báik-ĭng Cê-ngiê Biêng-lāng» gì nè̤ng nêng-ùi, Hók-ciŭ-uâ ô 8 ciáh siăng-diêu: [[Bìng-siăng|Bìng]] [[Siōng-siăng|Siōng]] [[Ké̤ṳ-siăng|Ké̤ṳ]] [[Ĭk-siăng|Ĭk]] (平上去入) gáuk hŭng Siông Hâ (Siông Hâ cêu sê Ĭng Iòng). Dáng-sê gì-sĭk Hók-ciŭ-uâ gì Siōng-siăng mò̤ hŭng Siông Hâ, gó-chṳ̄ nâ ô 7 ciáh siăng-diêu. 2001 nièng, Hók-gióng Ìng-mìng Chók-bēng-siâ dṳ̀ng-sĭng chók-bēng lāu iù [[Mìng-ngṳ̄]] hŏk-ciā [[Lī Ṳ̀-lṳ̀ng]] (李如龍) gáu-dó̤i gì «'''Chék Lìng Báik Ĭng Gáu-cé̤ṳ'''». [[Category:Mìng-cṳ̆|Č]] [[Category:Sĕk-ék|Č]] [[zh:戚林八音]] 32 3669 2006-11-12T11:10:07Z GnuDoyng 13 {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<font size="+1">'''Ciòng-ciŭ''' |- | align="center" colspan=2 | [[Image:ChinaFujianQuanzhou.png|200px]] |- | '''Hèng-céng-kṳ̆ lôi-biék''' | Dê-gék chê |- | '''Biék-chĭng''' | Lī-siàng, Chié-dùng-siàng |- | '''[[Miêng-cék]]''' | 11,968 km²<br>(bău-guăk [[Gĭng-muòng]]) |- | '''[[Ìng-kēu]]''' | Chék-báh-ngô-sĕk-nê uâng<br>(bău-guăk [[Gĭng-muòng]]) |- | '''Ìng-gĭng [[GDP]]''' | ¥31582 |- | '''[[Mìng-cŭk]]''' | [[Háng-cŭk|Háng]] |- | '''[[Ngṳ̄-ngiòng]]''' | [[Mìng-nàng-uâ]] gâe̤ng [[Pū-tŭng-uâ]] |- |} '''Ciòng-ciŭ''' (泉州, Quanzhou, Chinchew) sê [[Hók-gióng|Hók-gióng Sēng]] gì siŏh bĭh [[siàng-chê]], iâ hô̤ lā̤ '''Lī-siàng''' (鯉城, ĭng-ôi Ciòng-ciŭ Chê dê-dù hìng-câung chiông [[lī-ngṳ̀]]) gâe̤ng '''Chié-dùng-siàng''' (刺桐城, ĭng-ôi Ciòng-ciŭ ô cĭng sâ̤ [[chié-dùng-chéu]]). Gū-cā gì [[Ă-lă-báik]]-nè̤ng iâ giéu ĭ '''Zaytun''' (زيتون), sê [[Ă-lăk-báik-ngṳ̄]] "chié-dùng" gì ĭng-ĭk. ==Hèng-céng Dăng-ôi== * Chê-kṳ̆: Lī-siàng (鯉城), Hŭng-dĕk (丰澤), Lŏk-gŏng (洛江), Ciòng-gĕ̤ng (泉港). * Gâing-gék-chê: Siŏh-săi (石獅), Céng-gŏng (晉江), Nàng-ăng (南安). * Gâing: Hiê-ăng (惠安), Ăng-kă̤ (安溪), Īng-chŭng (永春), Dáik-huá (德化), Gĭng-muòng (金門). [[Dṳ̆ng-huà Ìng-mìng Gê̤ṳng-huò-guók]] siŏng-chĭng [[Gĭng-muòng]] sṳ̆k-ṳ̀ Ciòng-ciŭ, dáng-sê Gĭng-muòng sĭk-cié gŭi [[Dṳ̆ng-huà Mìng-guók]] guāng-hák. ==Lĭk-sṳ̄== Ciòng-ciŭ gì [[gĭng-cá̤]] kŭi-huák iù [[Ciŭ-dièu|Ciŭ]] [[Cìng-dièu|Cìng]] sì-hâiu cêu ī-gĭng kăi-sṳ̄. [[Săng-guók]] sì-dô̤i, [[Ngù-guók (Săng-guók)|Ngù-guók]] găh gĭng-dáng gì Nàng-ăng Chê (南安市) siék-lĭk '''Dĕ̤ng-ăng Gâing''' (東安縣). [[Céng-dièu|Să̤-céng]] sì-hâiu [[Dṳ̆ng-nguòng]] ciéng-luâng, cĭng sâ̤ sê̤ṳ-cŭk cāu gáu Ciòng-ciŭ, [[Céng-gŏng]] (晉江) iâ ĭng chṳ̄ dáik miàng. [[Dòng-dièu]] 684 nièng, kăi-sṳ̄ lĭk ciŭ gióng dé, miàng '''Ū-ìng-ciŭ''' (武荣州), 711 nièng gāi miàng có̤ Ciòng-ciŭ. [[Sóng-dièu|Sóng]] [[Nguòng-dièu|Nguòng]] sì-hâiu, Ciòng-ciŭ sê "Dĕ̤ng-huŏng dâ̤-ék duâi gē̤ng", gĭng-cá̤ huák-dăk, sê "hāi siông sĭ-diù cĭ lô" gì kī-diēng. 1271 nièng, siŏh ciáh miàng hô̤ Ngā-gáuk-báik (雅各伯, [[É-dâi-lê-ngṳ̄]]: Jacob d'Ancona) téng [[É-dâi-lê]] lì Ciòng-ciŭ có̤ sĕng-é. Ĭ siā lāu siŏh buōng chók-miàng gì iù-gé, hô̤ lā̤ '''''Guŏng-mìng cĭ Siàng''''' (光明之城, [[Ĭng-ngṳ̄]]: The City of Light). Dáng-sê, hiêng-câi nè̤ng gó mâ̤ hiēu ciā cṳ̆ sê cĭng sê gā. ==Dê-lī== Ciòng-ciŭ diŏh Hók-gióng dĕ̤ng-nàng-buô iòng hāi, sṳ̆k-ṳ̀ [[Â-nàng]] dê-kṳ̆, ké-hâiu sê hāi-iòng-séng ā-iĕk-dái gié-hŭng ké-hâiu. ==Ùng-huá== ===Ngiê-sŭk=== * [[Gŏ̤-gák-hié]] ===Lṳ̄-iù=== [[Image:Mosque in Quanzhou, Fujian, China.jpg|thumb|200px|Ciòng-ciŭ có̤i cā gì [[Chĭng-cĭng-sê]]|right]] [[Image:QuanzhouLaozi.jpg|thumb|200px|[[Lō̤-cṳ̄|Lō̤-gŭng]]-ngàng|left]] ===Cŭng-gáu=== {{Hók-gióng}} [[Category:Siàng-chê]] [[Category:Mìng-cṳ̆]] [[Category:Â-diô]] [[de:Quanzhou]] [[en:Quanzhou]] [[es:Quanzhou]] [[fr:Quanzhou]] [[ja:泉州]] [[pl:Quanzhou]] [[zh:泉州市]] [[zh-min-nan:Chôan-chiu]] 33 743 2006-10-03T00:57:57Z Incubator import 18 [[Test-wp/cdo/Ciòng-ciŭ Chê]] moved to [[Ciòng-ciŭ Chê]] #REDIRECT [[Ciòng-ciŭ]] 34 3642 2006-11-11T11:30:27Z GnuDoyng 13 /* Sĕk duâi iéu-lī */ '''Cĭng Ià-sŭ Gáu-huôi''' (真耶穌教會) sê [[Ià-sŭ-gáu]] [[Ngô-sùng-cáik]] gáu-puái gì hŭng-gĭ [[gáu-huôi]], [[1917 nièng]] găh [[Dṳ̆ng-guók]] [[Báe̤k-gĭng]] iù Diŏng Lìng-sĕng (張靈生) siék-lĭk. Ciā gáu-huôi gì mŭk-biĕu sê gāi-céng gáuk gáu-puái dó̤i [[Séng-gĭng]] gāi-sék ô dâng gì dê-huŏng, ciŏng cīng-géu cé̤ṳng-mìng gì hók-ĭng diòng gáu ciòng sié-gái. Hiêng-hâ-sì ciō-iéu hŭng-buó diŏh Dṳ̆ng-guók, [[Dài-uàng]], [[Hiŏng-gē̤ng]] gâe̤ng [[Sĭng-gă-pŏ̤]]. ==Sĕk duâi iéu-lī== # '''Séng [[Ià-sŭ]]''': Diŏh séng Ià-sŭ sê Tiĕng-ciō-cṳ̄ gáung sié ôi ìng, ôi cīng-géu nāng-gă cô̤i-nè̤ng bê déng [[Sek-cê-gá]] siông sṳ̄, dâ̤ săng gĕ̤ng iù sī-ciā dṳ̆ng bô-uăk, sĭng-tiĕng. Ĭ sê ìng-luôi gì Géu-giō, tiĕng dê uâng-uk gì ciō-cāi, dŭk-ék-ù-nê gì cĭng sìng. # '''Séng Séng-gĭng''': Diŏh séng [[Sĭng-iók Séng-gĭng|Sĭng]]/[[Gô-iók Séng-gĭng]] dŭ sê Ciō kiē-sê gì, sê céng-mìng cĭng dô̤ mì-ék gì gŏng-gé̤ṳ, ī-gĭk gáu-iū sĕng-uăk gì giĕ-huâng. # '''Séng dáik-géu sĭng-tiĕng''': Diŏh séng dáik géu sĭng-tiĕng sê Ciō sé̤ṳ gì, iâ ĭng lā̤ séng, ciáh â̤ dáik géu sĭng-tiĕng. Dáng, gáu-iū diŏh siŏng-séng ciā ĭ-kó̤ Séng-lìng, dŭi-giù séng-giék, sĭk-ciêng Séng-gĭng gà̤-dēng lié gì gáu-hóng, gṳ̆ng-géng [[Siông-dá̤]], huâng ái cé̤ṳng-ìng. # '''Séng céng-sā̤''': Diŏh séng liāng-sā̤ sê siá kó̤ nguòng-cô̤i hĕk dáik dṳ̀ng sĕng gì lā̤-ngì. Liāng-sā̤ sì, diŏh niông ī-gĭng liāng-sā̤ gâe̤ng giĕng cīng guó gì hiăng dê hông Ciō Ià-sŭ Gĭ-dók gì séng-miàng, găh uăk-cūi dṳ̆ng tá̤ sêu sā̤ ciā hó lā̤, sêu sā̤ ciā sêu sā̤ sì-hâiu tàu diŏh mê giâ, gŏng sĭng céng gáu cūi diē-sié. # '''Séng séng-lìng''': Diŏh séng liāng sêu séng-lìng sê sĭng tiĕng gì gĭ-buōng bìng-gé̤ṳ, ī â̤ gōng lìng-ngiòng có̤ ôi liāng-sêu séng-sìng gì céng-gé̤ṳ. # '''Séng sā̤-kă-lā̤''': Diŏh séng sā̤-kă-lā̤ sê háiu huák Ciō Ià-să gì lā̤-ngì, sĭk-ciêng Ciō gì gáu-hóng, siŏng chĭng siŏng ái, séng giék, kiĕng-sáung, hŭk-sê̤ṳ, kuăng-sé̤ṳ. Diŏh hông Ciō Ià-sŭ Gi-dók gì séng-miàng, ôi muōi siŏh ciáh sêu-sā̤-ciā sā̤ siŏh huòi kă. Ô sṳ̆-iéu gì sì-hâiu hiăng dê ciā muôi iâ diŏh pī cṳ̄ hó siŏng sā̤ kă. # '''Séng séng-chuăng''': Diŏh séng séng-chuăng sê ôi gé-niêng Ciō gì bê déng sêu sī, cà̤ liāng Ciō gì nṳ̆k, Ciō gì háik, gâe̤ng Ciō lièng-hăk, ciáh â̤ dáik īng-sĕng, găh sié-gái muak nih â̤ hó uăk gì lā̤-ngì. Séng-chuăng diŏh sèu-sèu có̤, diŏh sāi siŏh léng muôi gĭng huák háiu gì biāng gâe̤ng [[Buò-dò̤-ciū|buò-dò̤-ciū]] lì có̤. # '''Séng [[Ăng-sék-nĭk]]''': Dioh séng Ăng-sék-nĭk (Buái-lĕ̤k) sê Siông-dá̤ ché̤k séng sé̤ṳ ong gì nĭk-cī. Gáu-iū diŏh găh cī Ăng-sék-nĭk bá gĕ̤ng, gé-niêng Siong-dá̤ cháung-cô̤ uâng-ŭk, géu-sṳ̆k ìng cô̤i cĭ ŏng, bêng puáng-uông sī hâiu siông tiĕng dáik gáu īng-uōng gì ăng-sék. # '''Séng sīng-puáng''': Diŏh séng Ciō Ià-sŭ gah sié-gái muăk-nĭk â̤ iù tieng gáung-lìng sīng-puáng uâng-mìng, ngiê-ìng siông siōng sĭng tiĕng, cô̤i-ìng sêu huăk hâ-dôi. # '''Séng gáu-huôi''': Diŏh séng buōng gáu-huôi sê Ciō Ià-sŭ Gĭ-dók sū cháung-lĭk, sê hók-hĭng sṳ̄-dù sì-dô̤i gì cĭng gáu-huôi. [[Category:Gĭ-dók-gáu]] [[Category:Dṳ̆ng-guók]] [[zh-yue:真耶穌教會]] [[zh-min-nan:Chin Iâ-so· Kàu-hōe]] [[en:True Jesus Church]] [[ang:Sōþ Iesus Cirice]] [[af:Ware Jesuskerk]] [[als:Wahre Kirche Jesu]] [[am:ዕውነተኛ ኢየሱስ ቤተ ክርስቲያን]] [[an:Berdadera Ilesia de Chesús]] [[roa-rup:Bisearica di Dealihea al Isus]] [[ast:Verdadera Ilesia de Xesús]] [[be:Праўдзівая Царква Ісуса]] [[bg:Истинска църква на Исус]] [[br:Iliz Gwir Jezuz]] [[map-bms:Gereja Yesus Sejati]] [[bs:Prava Crkva Isusova]] [[ca:Veritable Església de Jesús]] [[ceb:Matuod Simbahan ni Jesus]] [[cs:Pravá církev Ježíšova]] [[csb:Prôwdzëwô Cerkwiô Jezësa]] [[cy:Eglwys y Gwir Iesu]] [[da:Den Sande Jesu Kirke]] [[pdc:True Jesus Church]] [[de:Wahre Kirche Jesu]] [[dv:ހަގީގީ މަސީހީ ކަނީސާ]] [[et:Tõeline Jeesuse Kirik]] [[el:Αληθινή Εκκλησία του Ιησού]] [[es:La Verdadera Iglesia de Jesús]] [[eo:Vera Eklezio de Jesuo]] [[eu:Jesus-en Egiazko Eliza]] [[to:Siasi moʻoni ʻa Sēsū]] [[fa:کلیسای حقیقی عیسی]] [[fiu-vro:Tõõlinõ Jeesusõ Kerik]] [[fo:Sannur Jesus Kirkja]] [[fr:Véritable Église de Jésus]] [[fur:Vere Glesie di Jesù]] [[fy:Wiere Jezustsjerke]] [[ga:Eaglais Fhíor Íosa]] [[gd:Eaglais Fhìor Ìosa]] [[gl:Verdadeira Igrexa de Xesús]] [[got:𐍃𐌿𐌽𐌾𐌰 𐌰𐌹𐌺𐌺𐌻𐌴𐍃𐌾𐍉 𐌹𐌴𐍃𐌰𐌿𐍃]] [[gv:Agglish Yeesey Firrinagh]] [[ko:참예수교회]] [[haw:Ka Ho'omana Iesū Maoli]] [[hy:Հիսուսի ճշմարիտ Եկեղեցի]] [[hi:ईसा मसीह सत्य गिरजाघर]] [[hr:Prava Crkva Isusova]] [[id:Gereja Yesus Sejati]] [[ilo:Agpayso a Simbaan ni Jesus]] [[io:Vera Eklezio di Iesu]] [[is:Sanna Jesús kirkjan]] [[it:Vera Chiesa di Gesù]] [[he:הכנסייה האמיתית של ישו]] [[jv:Gréja Yesus Sajati]] [[ka:ქრისტეს ჭეშმარიტი ეკლესია]] [[km:True Jesus Church]] [[kn:ಟ್ರೂ ಜೀಸಸ್ ಚರ್ಚ್]] [[kk:Исаның Нағыз Шіркеуі]] [[kw:Eglos Wir Yesu]] [[rw:Idini Ryitwa Yezu Nyakuri]] [[kg:Dibundu ya Yesu ya Kyeleka]] [[ksh:Kirresh fum Woohre Jesu Krißti en Shiina]] [[kv:Истинная церковь Иисуса]] [[ht:Legliz de Vre Jezi]] [[ku:Klîsa ya Îsa yê rastîn]] [[ky:Ыйсанын Нукура Чиркөөсү]] [[lmo:Vera gesa da Gesüü Criist]] [[lb:True Jesus Church]] [[sw:True Jesus Church]] [[la:Vera Ecclesia Iesu]] [[lo:ນິກາຍ ໂບດທູຈຶຊັດ]] [[li:Ware Zjezus Kèrk]] [[lt:Tikrojo Jėzaus bažnyčia]] [[lv:Patiesā Jēzus Baznīca]] [[hu:Igaz Jézus egyház]] [[mg:Tena Fiangonan'i Jesoa]] [[mk:Вистинска црква на Исус]] [[mi:Hāhi Tika o Ihu]] [[ml:സത്യ യേശു സഭ]] [[mo:Бисeрикa Aдeвэрaтулуй Исус]] [[mn:Үнэн Есүсийн Сүм]] [[mr:सत्य येशू प्रार्थनास्थळ]] [[ms:Gereja Yesus Benar]] [[mt:Knisja Vera ta' Ġesù]] [[my:စစ္‌မ္ဟန္‌ေသာေယရ္ဟုဘုရား၏အသင္‌းေတာ္‌]] [[nap:'A chiesa overa 'e Giesù]] [[ne:True Jesus Church]] [[nl:Ware Jezuskerk]] [[nds:Wahre Jesus Kark]] [[nds-nl:Waore Jezuskaark]] [[ja:真イエス教会]] [[no:Sanne Jesus Kirke]] [[nn:Den sanne jesuskyrkja]] [[nrm:Véthitabl'ye Églyise dé Jésû]] [[oc:Glèisa vertadièra de Jèsus]] [[os:Чырыстийы æцæг аргъуан]] [[uz:Chin Iso Cherkovi]] [[pam:Tutung Pisamban nang Jesus]] [[pap:E Misa Berdadero di Hesus]] [[pl:Prawdziwy Kościół Jezusa]] [[pms:La Vera Cesa ëd Gesù]] [[pt:Verdadeira Igreja de Jesus]] [[ro:Biserica Adevăratului Isus]] [[rm:Baselgia Vaira da Jesus]] [[rmy:I Khangeri le Chache Jesuseski]] [[ru:Истинная церковь Иисуса]] [[sa:ट्रु जीसस चर्च]] [[scn:Vera Chiesa di Gesù]] [[sco:True Jesus Kirk]] [[sh:Прaвa Црквa Исусoвa]] [[simple:True Jesus Church]] [[sk:Pravá cirkev Ježišova]] [[so:Mida Rumeed Kaniisada Ciise]] [[sq:Kisha e Vërtetë e Jezuzit]] [[su:Gareja Yesus Sajati]] [[sl:Prava Jezusova Cerkev]] [[bat-smg:Tėkruojė Jezaus bažninčė]] [[sr:Прaвa Црквa Исусoвa]] [[war:Tinuod Hesus Simbahan]] [[fi:Jeesuksen Todellinen Kirkko]] [[sv:The True Jesus Church]] [[tg:Масчиди хаконии Исо]] [[tl:Totoong Simbahan ni Hesus]] [[ta:உண்மையான இயேசு தேவாலயம்]] [[te:నిజ ఏసుక్రీస్తు మండలి]] [[th:โบสถ์ทรูจีซัส]] [[tk:Çyn Isa Serkowy]] [[vi:Chân Giê-xu Giáo hội]] [[tr:Gerçek İsa Kilisesi]] [[uk:Вірна Церква Ісуса]] [[vec:Vera Ciesa de Gesù]] [[vls:Woare Jezuskerke]] [[yo:Ijo Jesu l’otito]] [[zh:真耶稣教会]] 35 3141 2006-10-31T12:13:17Z GnuDoyng 13 /* Mŭk-liŏh */ [[Image:Full Book of Isaiah 2006-06-06.jpg|thumb|250px|[[Ĭng-ùng]] [[Ī-suói-ā Cṳ̆]]|right]] '''Gô-iók Séng-gĭng''' (舊約聖經) siàng-cṳ̆ găh [[Ià-sŭ]] chók-sié cĭ sèng, sê [[Name|Iù-tái-gáu]] [[Hĭ-báik-lài Séng-gĭng]] gì ciō-iéu buô-hông, iâ sê [[à-sŭ-gáu|Ià-sŭ-gáu]] [[Séng-gĭng]] gì sèng buáng buô-hông. [[Sĭng-gáu]] gì Gô-iók Séng-gĭng gê̤ṳng-cūng ô 39 guóng. ==Mŭk-liŏh== {| border=1 !Hŭng-lôi||[[Bàng-uâ-cê]]||[[Háng-cê]]||[[Ĭng-ùng]] |- |rowspan=5|Mò̤-să̤ Ngô Gĭng |[[Cháung-sié Gé]]||創世記||Genesis |- |[[Chók Ăi-gĭk Gé]]||出埃及記||Exodus |- |[[Lé-ê Gé]]||利未記||Leviticus |- |[[Mìng-só Gé]]||民數記||Numbers |- |[[Sĭng-mêng Gé]]||申命記||Deuteronomy |- |rowspan=12|Lĭk-sṳ̄ Cṳ̆ |[[Iók-cṳ̆-ā Gé]]||約書亞記||Joshua |- |[[Sê̤ṳ-sṳ̆ Gé]]||士師記||Judges |- |[[Lô-dáik Gé]]||路得記||Ruth |- |[[Sák-mū-ngī Gé Cièng Cṳ̆]]||撒母耳記前書||1 Samuel |- |[[Sák-mū-ngī Gé Hâiu Cṳ̆]]||撒母耳記後書||2 Samuel |- |[[Liĕk-uòng Gé-liŏk|Liĕk-uòng Gé-liŏk Siông]]||列王記錄上||1 Kings |- |[[Liĕk-uòng Gé-liŏk|Liĕk-uòng Gé-liŏk Hâ]]||列王記錄下||2 Kings |- |[[Lăk-dâi Cé-liŏk|Lăk-dâi Cé-liŏk Siông]]||歷代志錄上||1 Chronicles |- |[[Lăk-dâi Cé-liŏk|Lăk-dâi Cé Liŏk Hâ ]]||歷代志錄下||2 Chronicles |- |[[Ī-sê̤ṳ-lá Cṳ̆]]||以士拉書||Ezra |- |[[Nà̤-hĭ-mī Cṳ̆]]||尼希米書||Nehemiah |- |[[Ī-sê̤ṳ-táik Cṳ̆]]||以士帖書||Esther |- |rowspan=5|Sĭ-gŏ̤ Dĭ-hié Cṳ̆ |[[Iók-báik Cṳ̆]]||約伯書||Job |- |[[Sĭ-piĕng]]||詩篇||Psalms |- |[[Cĭng-ngiòng]]||箴言||Proverbs |- |[[Diòng-dô̤ Cṳ̆]]||傳道書||Ecclesiastes |- |[[Ngā-gŏ̤ Cṳ̆]]||雅歌書||Song of Songs |- |rowspan=5|Dâi Sĭng-dĭ Cṳ̆ ||[[Ī-suói-ā Cṳ̆]]||以賽亞書||Isaiah |- |[[Ià-lé-mī Cṳ̆]]||耶利米書||Jeremiah |- |[[Ià-lé-mī Ăi-gŏ̤]]||耶利米哀歌||Lamentations |- |[[Ī-să̤-giék]]||以西結||Ezekiel |- |[[Dáng-ī-lī]]||但以理||Daniel |- |rowspan=12|Siēu Sĭng-dĭ Cṳ̆ ||[[Hŏ̤-să̤ Cṳ̆]]||訶西書]||Hosea |- |[[Iók-ngī Cṳ̆]]||約珥書||Joel |- |[[Ā-mò̤-sê̤ṳ Cṳ̆]]||亞摩士書||Amos |- |[[Ŏ̤-bă-dī-ā Cṳ̆]]||阿巴底亞書||Obadiah |- |[[Iók-nā Cṳ̆]]||約拿書||Jonah |- |[[Mī-giă Cṳ̆]]||米迦書||Micah |- |[[Nā-ŭng Cṳ̆]]||拿溫書||Nahum |- |[[Hăk-bă-gók Cṳ̆]]||哈巴谷書||Habakkuk |- |[[Să̤-huăng-ngā Cṳ̆]]||西番雅書||Zephaniah |- |[[Hăk-gĭ Cṳ̆]]||哈基書||Haggai |- |[[Sák-gā-lé-ă Cṳ̆]]||撒賈利亞書||Zechariah |- |[[Mā-lăk-gĭ Cṳ̆]]||瑪拉基書||Malachi |} [[Category:Gĭ-dók-gáu]] [[ar:عهد قديم]] [[zh-min-nan:Kū-iok Sèng-keng]] [[bs:Stari zavjet]] [[bg:Стар завет]] [[ca:Antic Testament]] [[cs:Starý zákon]] [[da:Det Gamle Testamente]] [[de:Altes Testament]] [[et:Vana Testament]] [[en:Old Testament]] [[el:Παλαιά Διαθήκη]] [[es:Antiguo Testamento]] [[eo:Malnova testamento]] [[fr:Ancien Testament]] [[ko:구약성서]] [[hy:ՀԻՆ ԿՏԱԿԱՐԱՆ]] [[hi:पुराना नियम]] [[hr:Stari zavjet]] [[id:Perjanjian Lama]] [[ia:Vetule Testamento]] [[it:Antico Testamento]] [[he:הברית הישנה]] [[ht:Ansyen Testaman]] [[la:Vetus Testamentum]] [[lt:Senasis Testamentas]] [[hu:Ószövetség]] [[ml:പഴയ നിയമം]] [[mi:Kawenata Tawhito]] [[my:ဓမ္မဟောင္‌း‌က္ယမ္‌း]] [[fj:Na Veiyalayalati Makawa]] [[nl:Oude Testament]] [[nds-nl:Oolde Testement]] [[ja:旧約聖書]] [[no:Det gamle testamente]] [[nn:Det gamle testamentet]] [[nrm:Vuus testament]] [[pl:Stary Testament]] [[pt:Antigo Testamento]] [[ru:Ветхий Завет]] [[sm:O le Feagaiga Tuai]] [[sg:Fini Testament]] [[scn:Anticu Tistamentu]] [[simple:Old Testament]] [[sk:Starý zákon]] [[sr:Стари завет]] [[sh:Stari zavjet]] [[fi:Vanha testamentti]] [[sv:Gamla Testamentet]] [[ta:பழைய ஏற்பாடு]] [[th:รายชื่อคัมภีร์ของศาสนาคริสต์]] [[vi:Cựu Ước]] [[tpi:Olpela Testamen]] [[tr:Eski Ahit]] [[uk:Старий Заповіт]] [[zh:旧约圣经]] 37 3928 2006-11-30T12:31:12Z GnuDoyng 13 内 uâng có̤ ciáng-tā̤ gì 內 <center><font size=5>'''關於平話字你所要瞭解的內容'''</center></font><br/> [[Image:Exodus in Foochow.gif|thumb|220px|出版於1908年的平話字《聖經》，《出埃及記》的第一章|right]] 正如你所見，這部[[:zh:福州話|福州話]]（[[:zh:閩東語|閩東語]]）維基百科是使用一種羅馬化的拼音文字寫成的，這種文字的名稱就叫作「'''平話字'''」（'''Bàng-uâ-cê'''）。 今天的平話字已經幾近失傳。從出版物的歷史上看，她產生於十九世紀後半葉，興盛於二十世紀初。但隨著四十年代民國政府的國語運動的偏激打壓，再加上五十年代中共的推普政策的摧枯拉朽，這門文字從此躲入民間。半個多世紀下來，伴隨著福州鄉土文化的式微，平話字對於中青一代幾乎是一無所知。一方面，政府對弱勢文化的漠視難辤其咎；另一方面也確實要歸因於福州市區口音在這一百多年來的劇烈變化，導致這門文字的拼寫和今天的福州話市區發音差距是如此之大，以至於乍一看這門文字，幾乎就像看為另一門語言設計的羅馬字一樣佶屈聱牙。 但是，語音的演變永遠是有規律可循的，因此這門文字絕對沒有它看起來的那麽難。爲了消除讀者對她的恐懼和排斥感，也爲了節省讀者的時間，我們把學習讀寫這門文字所應當注意的知識點編寫成這份材料。衹要你具備以下條件的任何一項： # 你會說福州話或是其他的閩東語，或是 # 你會讀寫[[:zh:閩南語|閩南語]]（台語）的[[:zh:白話字|白話字]] 那麽在你認真讀過本文之後，你在閲讀平話字中遇到的大多數問題都能得到解決。 ==前言== ===平話字的歷史=== [[Image:Hok-ciu-ua_Suu-dieng_2.jpg|thumb|250px|出版於1874年的《Dictionary of Foochow Dialect》，編者是R. S. Maclay與C. C. Baldwin。該詞典將近70,000個福州話詞彙解釋成英語，福州話詞彙採用平話字和漢字對照的方式。也許，平話字最初的設計目的就是爲了方便西方傳教士學習福州話。|right]] 第一次鴉片戰爭以後，英美的各派教會紛紛向中國派遣傳教士。這些傳教士一絲不苟地、孜孜不倦地記錄、學習、研究中國沿海地區每個大城市的語言，將聖經思想完美地土語化，從而把上帝的聲音最有效地傳遞至民間的每一個角落。霎時間，為中國各地方的土語所設計的羅馬文字如雨後春筍般萌生，福州話羅馬字（下文稱爲「平話字」）就是其中一支。 福州話（閩東語）和她的近親——閩南話有個很大的區別，在於她存在豐富的前圓唇母音（類似於德語和法語）。嚴謹的西方人很早就意識到，拼寫福州話的拼音文字絕不可能做到像閩南話白話字那樣，僅用「a」、「e」、「i」、「o」、「o•」、「u」就可以表達所有的母音。最初，在福州傳教的耶魯大學教授M. C. White 神父引入了一套被稱之爲「威廉•瓊斯音標」的記音系統來記錄福州話的讀音。這套記音系統全部採用拉丁字母，特殊的母音音素通過在拉丁元音字母上方添加特殊符號表示，例如，用「á」表示[ɛ]、「ë」表示[ø]、「ó」表示[ɔ]、「ü」表示[y]，等等。這套記音系統並不完全等同於現代的國際音標，而是具備了羅馬文字的雛形。但由於特殊記號都被標記在字母的上方，所以這種記音方案無法標示字的聲調。後繼的傳教士和學者（他們的名字是：R. S. Maclay，美國賓夕法尼亞州人；C. C. Baldwin，美國傳教士，在福州生活了半個世紀；E. H. Parker，英國外交官；等諸人），不斷地簡化、規範並豐富瓊斯音標。爲了使這套方案能真正充當文字使用，他們做了一項意義深遠的調整：將所有的特殊符號統一成兩點並置換到元音字母下方，另根據福州話的調值為七個聲調分別設計了聲調符號，標記於每個字主元音字母的上方。這樣，平話字就完全脫離了瓊斯音標的胎盤，作爲一款完善的文字問世了。 ===對平話字的偏見=== 但有人說，平話字衹是一套記音符號，算不上一門文字。這種説法有待商榷。因爲平話字已經完全脫離了口語，成爲了一種在很大程度上「所寫非所讀」的文字，而絕不是依附於口語發音而存在的。關於這點可以從聲、韻、調三方面得到證明： # 平話字從來不記錄福州話口語裡繁雜的聲母類化，一律採用原聲母； # 對於福州話口語中有鬆緊變韻的字，平話字一律標註它們的鬆韻； # 平話字從來不記錄福州話口語裡豐富的連讀變調，一律標註每個字的原調。 從以上三點看來，平話字像任何一門真正的文字一樣，早已脫離了口語語音獨立存在。因爲一門完善的文字是不必紀錄口語中的語流音變的。也正因爲平話字是真正的文字，才有可能使她的文獻能徹底脫離漢字而仍然被群衆接受。 ==平話字的拼寫方案== ===聲母=== 福州話聲母系統非常守舊且非常簡單。下表「例字」來源於《[[:zh:戚林八音|戚林八音]]》。 <table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="margin:5px; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse;"> <tr> <th><center>平話字</center></th> <th><center>例字</center></th> <th><center>國際音標</center></th> </tr> <tr> <td><center>b</center></td> <td><center>邊</td> <td><center>[p]</center></td> </tr> <tr> <td><center>p</center></td> <td><center>波</center></td> <td><center>[p^h]</center></td> </tr> <tr> <td><center>m</center></td> <td><center>蒙</center></td> <td><center>[m]</center></td> </tr> <tr> <td><center>d</center></td> <td><center>低</center></td> <td><center>[t]</center></td> </tr> <tr> <td><center>t</center></td> <td><center>他</center></td> <td><center>[t^h]</center></td> </tr> <tr> <td><center>n</center></td> <td><center>日</center></td> <td><center>[n]</center></td> </tr> <tr> <td><center>l</center></td> <td><center>柳</center></td> <td><center>[l]</center></td> </tr> <tr> <td><center>g</center></td> <td><center>求</center></td> <td><center>[k]</center></td> </tr> <tr> <td><center>k</center></td> <td><center>氣</center></td> <td><center>[k^h]</center></td> </tr> <tr> <td><center>ng</center></td> <td><center>語</center></td> <td><center>[ŋ]</center></td> </tr> <tr> <td><center>h</center></td> <td><center>喜</center></td> <td><center>[h]</center></td> </tr> <tr> <td><center>c</center></td> <td><center>爭</center></td> <td><center>[ts]</center></td> </tr> <tr> <td><center>ch</center></td> <td><center>出</center></td> <td><center>[ts^h]</center></td> </tr> <tr> <td><center>s</center></td> <td><center>時</center></td> <td><center>[s]</center></td> </tr> <tr> <td><center>''無''</center></td> <td><center>鶯</center></td> <td><center>''零聲母''</center></td> </tr> </table> 對於學習過漢語拼音方案的福州人而言，這張聲母表需要記憶的衹是「爭」母的「c」、「出」母的「ch」和「語」母的「ng」，其他所有聲母都和漢語拼音方案相同。 對於熟悉閩南語白話字的朋友而言，你們需要注意，福州話中不存在濁聲母，因此字母「b」、「d」、「g」被用來標記清音不送氣，而「p」、「t」、「k」被用來標記清音送氣。 今天福州話口語中有「n」、「l」混同的趨勢，但衹要有華語的基礎，要區分這兩個聲母並不困難。 上文提到過，平話字絕對不標記聲母類化<ref>事實上在設計平話字的十九世紀，福州話很可能並不像今天那樣存在強制規則性的聲母類化。</ref> 。書寫的時候要注意。 ===韻母=== 上文提到，由於前圓唇元音的存在，拉丁文字現有的五個元音字母「a」、「e」、「i」、「o」和「u」遠不足以表示福州話的元音。在元音字母下方添加雙點便巧妙地解決了這個問題，從而為平話字引入了四個新的元音字母：「a̤」、「e̤」、「o̤」和「ṳ」。這裡的雙點號，要理解成德語裡的變音符號，而不是法語裡的分音符號。 韻母由元音加韻尾構成。按照韻尾的不同，所有的韻母又可以分列成三張表。以下三張表，「例字」都取自《戚林八音》，「今韻」是今天福州話的讀音，「古韻」是根據羅馬字的拼寫所逆推得的19世紀時的讀音（和真實情況也許略有出入），提供給讀者參考。 凡有「/」標註的韻母，表示該韻有鬆韻和緊韻的區別，左邊是緊韻，右邊是鬆韻。[[:zh:%E7%A6%8F%E5%B7%9E%E8%A9%B1#.E9.AC.86.E7.B7.8A.E8.AE.8A.E9.9F.BB|鬆緊變韻]]是福州話所特有的語言現象，緊韻是本韻，鬆韻是「上去」、「下去」、「上入」三調的字以獨立義項的字出現，或是出現在詞或短語末尾所產生的變韻。例如「福」字單字的韻母和在「祝福」一詞中的韻母都是鬆韻，而「福」字在「福州」一詞中的韻母是緊韻。 ====無韻尾字的韻母==== <table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="margin:5px; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse;"> <tr> <th><center>平話字</center></th> <th><center>例字</center></th> <th><center>古韻</center></th> <th><center>今韻</center></th> </tr> <tr> <td><center>a</center></td> <td><center>嘉</center></td> <td><center>[a]</center></td> <td><center>[a / ɑ]</center></td> </tr> <tr> <td><center>ia</center></td> <td><center>奇</center></td> <td><center>[ia]</center></td> <td><center>[ia / iɑ]</center></td> </tr> <tr> <td><center>ua</center></td> <td><center>花</center></td> <td><center>[ua]</center></td> <td><center>[ua / uɑ]</center></td> </tr> <tr> <td><center>a̤</center></td> <td><center>西</center></td> <td><center>[ɛ]</center></td> <td><center>[ɛ / ɑ]</center></td> </tr> <tr> <td><center>ie</center></td> <td><center>雞</center></td> <td><center>[ie]</center></td> <td><center>[ie / iɛ]</center></td> </tr> <tr> <td><center>o̤</center></td> <td><center>歌</center></td> <td><center>[ɔ]</center></td> <td><center>[o / ɔ]</center></td> </tr> <tr> <td><center>io</center></td> <td><center>橋</center></td> <td><center>[io]</center></td> <td><center>[yo / yɔ]</center></td> </tr> <tr> <td><center>uo</center></td> <td><center>過</center></td> <td><center>[uo]</center></td> <td><center>[uo / uɔ]</center></td> </tr> <tr> <td><center>e̤ / ae̤</center></td> <td><center>初</center></td> <td><center>[ø / aø]</center></td> <td><center>[œ / ɔ]</center></td> </tr> <tr> <td><center>au</center></td> <td><center>郊</center></td> <td><center>[au]</center></td> <td><center>[au / ɑu]</center></td> </tr> <tr> <td><center>eu / aiu</center></td> <td><center>溝</center></td> <td><center>[eu / aiu]</center></td> <td><center>[ɛu / ɑu]</center></td> </tr> <tr> <td><center>ieu</center></td> <td><center>燒</center></td> <td><center>[ieu]</center></td> <td><center>[iu / iɛu]</center></td> </tr> <tr> <td><center>iu / eu</center></td> <td><center>秋</center></td> <td><center>[iu / eu]</center></td> <td><center>[iu / iɛu]</center></td> </tr> <tr> <td><center>oi / o̤i</center></td> <td><center>催</center></td> <td><center>[oi / ɔi]</center></td> <td><center>[øy / ɔy]</center></td> </tr> <tr> <td><center>ai</center></td> <td><center>開</center></td> <td><center>[ai]</center></td> <td><center>[ai / ɑi]</center></td> </tr> <tr> <td><center>uai</center></td> <td><center>歪</center></td> <td><center>[uai]</center></td> <td><center>[uai / uɑi]</center></td> </tr> <tr> <td><center>uoi</center></td> <td><center>杯</center></td> <td><center>[uoi]</center></td> <td><center>[ui / uoi]</center></td> </tr> <tr> <td><center>ui / oi</center></td> <td><center>輝</center></td> <td><center>[ui / oi]</center></td> <td><center>[ui / uoi]</center></td> </tr> <tr> <td><center>i / e</center></td> <td><center>之</center></td> <td><center>[i / ei]</center></td> <td><center>[i / ɛi]</center></td> </tr> <tr> <td><center>u / o</center></td> <td><center>孤</center></td> <td><center>[u / ou]</center></td> <td><center>[u / ou]</center></td> </tr> <tr> <td><center>ṳ / e̤ṳ</center></td> <td><center>須</center></td> <td><center>[y / øy]</center></td> <td><center>[y / øy]</center></td> </tr> </table> * 今天中青年一代的福州話，韻母「a」（也包括後文的「ah」、「ak」和「ang」）與聲母「c」、「ch」相拚時，都添加了[i]的音素。比如「早」、「雜」和「站」讀如「''ciā''」、「''ciăk''」和「''ciâng''」，但在平話字裡必須寫作「cā」、「căk」和「câng」。 * 今天的福州話，「西」、「溝」、「初」的鬆韻分別和「嘉」、「郊」、「歌」的鬆韻合流，書寫時要回想該字的緊韻，否則很容易搞混。例如：「細」要寫成「sá̤」而不是「*''sá''」，「候」要寫成「hâiu」而不是「*''hâu''」，「莇（絲瓜）」要寫作「cháe̤」而不是「*''chó̤''」。 <ref>關於「溝」鬆韻的「-aiu」的發音，福建師範大學的閩東語學者陳澤平說：「可能是表示主要元音部位偏前，跟後元音為主要元音的「-au」有區別。」關於「初」鬆韻的「-ae̤」，陳澤平說：「可能表示有一個動程，實際上跟‘歌’的變韻音值是很接近的。」今天郊區仍有不少縣市的「初」鬆韻仍讀作[-œ]。</ref> * 今天的福州話，「秋」「燒」合流，「杯」「輝」合流。有華語的基礎，並不很難區分「秋」和「燒」：今天福州話讀[-iu / -ieu]而華語讀「-ㄠ」韻的，都屬於「燒」韻，如「叫（giéu）」、「照（ciéu）」、「小（siēu）」。同樣地，區分「杯」和「輝」，可以求助閩南語：今天福州話讀[-ui / -uoi]而閩南語以「-oe」為韻的<ref>本文中閩南語的注音都採用白話字。</ref> ，都是「杯」韻字，如「果（guōi）」、「飛（buŏi）」、「未（muôi）」、「吹（chuŏi）」、「配（puói）」、「火（huōi）」；而閩南語裡讀「-ui」的，都是「輝」韻字。 * 有個別字古韻和今韻歸類不同，也沒有什麽規律可循。譬如今天福州話「助」讀作[tsou242]，歸「孤」韻，但是羅馬字卻寫作「câe̤」，當時屬「初」韻。這樣的字很少，其實別人寫出來的我們能識別就可以，我們自己來寫就不一定要拘泥於古韻。 * 關於拼寫中含有「-io」的字，基本上都是今天福州話以[-yo / -yɔ]爲韻的字，但也有例外，當「過」韻[uo / uɔ]同舌齒音（「d」、「t」、「n」、「l」、「c」、「ch」）相拼時，都寫作「-io」，例如如「珠（ciŏ）」。關於「-uo」和「-io」的辨析，我們在[[Help:%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E8%AE%80#.E2.80.9C-ng.E2.80.9D.E5.92.8C.E2.80.9C-k.E2.80.9D.E9.9F.BB.E5.B0.BE.E5.AD.97.E7.9A.84.E9.9F.BB.E6.AF.8D.E6.8B.BC.E5.AF.AB|第3小節]]還會詳細論述。 * 平話字脫胎於瓊斯音標，因此當「e」和「o」單獨使用時，分別表示復元音[ei]和[ou]，例如：「是（sê）」、「有（ô）」等。而今天福州話中[e]和[o]這兩個音卻要用「a̤」和「o̤」表示，尤其要記真。<ref>關於「e」、「e̤」、「o」和「-ng」、「-k」相拼寫的，也有些特殊之處，[[Help:%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E8%AE%80#.E2.80.9C-ng.E2.80.9D.E5.92.8C.E2.80.9C-k.E2.80.9D.E9.9F.BB.E5.B0.BE.E5.AD.97.E7.9A.84.E9.9F.BB.E6.AF.8D.E6.8B.BC.E5.AF.AB|第3節]]再繼續討論。</ref> * 今天的福州話和十九世紀的福州話變韻規律很不同，除了上面提到的「西」、「溝」、「初」三韻易寫錯外，尤其還要注意的是這兩個： :# 「輝」的古韻是[ui / oi]，因此變韻後寫作「-oi」，如：「位」要寫作「ôi」而不是「*''ûi''」，「類」要寫作「lôi」而不是「*''lûi''」，換句話說，沒有「*''-úi''」或是「*''-ûi''」這樣的寫法； :# 「秋」的古韻是[iu / eu]，因此變韻後寫作「-eu」<ref>這一點仍然保留在郊縣口音中。</ref>，如：「就（cêu）」、「樹（chéu）」、「獸（séu）」、「受（sêu）」，同樣地，也不可能有「*''-iú''」或是「*''-iû''」這樣的寫法。<ref>在古田、屏南棠口、屏南黛溪、平潭、平潭潭東、閩侯延坪等地，仍然保持「秋」「燒」對立以及「杯」「輝」對立。陳澤平説：「『秋』『燒』混用現象與『輝』『杯』混同現象的分佈地域相同，可見它們屬於同一個語音演變趨勢。這一演變發生在閩東語群的中部，尚未波及南北兩端。」</ref> * 「催」韻字（「催」、「堆」、「退」、「腿」、「雷」、「對」、「內」、「碎」、「最」、「螺」、「腡」、「瘰」、「坐」等），在閩東各地的讀音不盡相同。其中，在福州市區讀[-øy]，可千萬要記住寫成「-oi」而不要寫成「*-e̤ṳ」了。<ref>這類字在今天的古田、杉洋、棠口、黛溪、永泰、嵩口、龍田、潭東、延坪等地的讀音還依然是[-oi]。</ref> ====「-h」韻尾字的韻母拼寫==== <table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="margin:5px; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse;"> <tr> <th><center>平話字</center></th> <th><center>古韻</center></th> <th><center>今韻</center></th> </tr> <tr> <td><center>ah</center></td> <td><center>[aʔ]</center></td> <td><center>[aʔ / ɑʔ]</center></td> </tr> <tr> <td><center>iah</center></td> <td><center>[iaʔ]</center></td> <td><center>[iaʔ / iɑʔ]</center></td> </tr> <tr> <td><center>uah</center></td> <td><center>[uaʔ]</center></td> <td><center>[uaʔ / uɑʔ]</center></td> </tr> <tr> <td><center>a̤h</center></td> <td><center>[ɛʔ]</center></td> <td><center>[eʔ / ɛʔ]</center></td> </tr> <tr> <td><center>ieh</center></td> <td><center>[ieʔ]</center></td> <td><center>[ieʔ / iɛʔ]</center></td> </tr> <tr> <td><center>o̤h</center></td> <td><center>[ɔʔ]</center></td> <td><center>[oʔ / ɔʔ]</center></td> </tr> <tr> <td><center>ioh</center></td> <td><center>[ioʔ]</center></td> <td><center>[yoʔ / yɔʔ ]</center></td> </tr> <tr> <td><center>uoh</center></td> <td><center>[uoʔ]</center></td> <td><center>[uoʔ / uɔʔ]</center></td> </tr> <tr> <td><center>e̤h</center></td> <td><center>[øʔ]</center></td> <td><center>[øʔ / œʔ]</center></td> </tr> </table> * 十九世紀的福州話是嚴格區分[-ʔ]和[-k]兩套入聲韻尾的，所以羅馬字中入聲字的書寫會有「-h」和「-k」兩類。區分的方法在下一節詳細論述。 * 今天的福州話，有一部分讀[-ieʔ]的字平話字要寫成「-iah」，如「糴（diăh）」、「食（siăh）」、「拆（tiáh）」、「額（ngiăh）」、「壁（biáh）」、「隻（ciáh）」。記憶這些字也不困難，當你遇到讀如[-ieʔ]的字而又沒把握怎麽寫時，查一查閩南語字典：如果閩南語中也是讀「-iah」的，那麽羅馬字也一定寫作「-iah」。<ref>這些字在郊區確實仍讀如[-iaʔ]。</ref> ====「-ng」和「-k」韻尾字的韻母拼寫==== <table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="margin:5px; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse;"> <tr> <th><center>平話字</center></th> <th><center>例字</center></th> <th><center>古韻</center></th> <th><center>今韻</center></th> </tr> <tr> <td><center>ang</center></td> <td><center>山</center></td> <td><center>[aŋ]</center></td> <td><center>[aŋ / ɑŋ]</center></td> </tr> <tr> <td><center>iang</center></td> <td><center>聲</center></td> <td><center>[iaŋ]</center></td> <td><center>[iaŋ / iɑŋ]</center></td> </tr> <tr> <td><center>uang</center></td> <td><center>歡</center></td> <td><center>[uaŋ]</center></td> <td><center>[uaŋ / uɑŋ]</center></td> </tr> <tr> <td><center>ieng</center></td> <td><center>天</center></td> <td><center>[ieŋ]</center></td> <td><center>[ieŋ / iɛŋ]</center></td> </tr> <tr> <td><center>iong</center></td> <td><center>香</center></td> <td><center>[ioŋ]</center></td> <td><center>[yoŋ / yɔŋ]</center></td> </tr> <tr> <td><center>uong</center></td> <td><center>光</center></td> <td><center>[uoŋ]</center></td> <td><center>[uoŋ / uɔŋ]</center></td> </tr> <tr> <td><center>ing / eng</center></td> <td><center>賓</center></td> <td><center>[iŋ / eiŋ]</center></td> <td><center>[iŋ / ɛiŋ]</center></td> </tr> <tr> <td><center>ung / ong</center></td> <td><center>春</center></td> <td><center>[uŋ / ouŋ]</center></td> <td><center>[uŋ / ouŋ]</center></td> </tr> <tr> <td><center>ṳng / e̤ṳng</center></td> <td><center>銀</center></td> <td><center>[yŋ / øyŋ]</center></td> <td><center>[yŋ / øyŋ]</center></td> </tr> <tr> <td><center>eng / aing</center></td> <td><center>燈</center></td> <td><center>[eiŋ / aiŋ]</center></td> <td><center>[eiŋ / aiŋ]</center></td> </tr> <tr> <td><center>ong / aung</center></td> <td><center>釭</center></td> <td><center>[ouŋ / auŋ]</center></td> <td><center>[ouŋ / auŋ]</center></td> </tr> <tr> <td><center>e̤ng / ae̤ng</center></td> <td><center>東</center></td> <td><center>[øŋ / aøŋ]</center></td> <td><center>[øyŋ / ɔyŋ]</center></td> </tr> </table> * 將本表中的國際音標的[-ŋ]換為[-k]，羅馬字拼寫的「-ng」換為「-k」，去掉例字，就得到「-k」尾字的拼寫表。 * 凡是今天福州話中[-uo]、[-uoŋ]、[-uok]、[-uoʔ]和舌齒音（「d」、「t」、「n」、「l」、「c」、「ch」）相拼寫的字，羅馬字一律把「-uo-」寫作「-io-」，例如「珠（ciŏ）」、「上（siông）」、「娘（niòng）」、「蜀（siŏh）」、「著（diŏh）」、「全（ciòng）」、「轉（diōng）」。寫的時候尤其要小心。 <ref>[-uo-]和舌齒音相拼讀如撮口的變異現象，廣泛存在於福州東面遠郊南起閩安鎮、北至連江縣界，包括閩江口的琅岐島這一片區域。陳澤平說：「郊區的異讀是後起的變異，舌齒音聲母顯然是韻母由宏變細的原因。」由此可見，這是羅馬字裡採取的惟一一項非標準變異的讀音。</ref> * 今天的福州話，[-k]韻尾已經合流至[-ʔ]。<ref>在今天的長樂、閩清、閩清坂東、閩侯延坪、古田、古田杉洋、屏南棠口等地的居民以及福州市區的部分年長者仍能區分這兩套韻尾。</ref>但注意，十九世紀的福州話，[-ʔ]和[-k]的音系佈局並不完全等同，試比較[[Help:%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E8%AE%80#.E2.80.9C-h.E2.80.9D.E9.9F.BB.E5.B0.BE.E5.AD.97.E7.9A.84.E9.9F.BB.E6.AF.8D.E6.8B.BC.E5.AF.AB|上表]]便可得知，[eʔ / ɛʔ]、[oʔ / ɔʔ]、[øʔ / œʔ]沒有相應的以[-k]結尾的韻母，而[ik / ɛik]、[uk / ouk]、[yk / øyk]、[eik / aik]、[ouk / auk]、[øyk / ɔyk]也沒有相應的以[-ʔ]結尾的韻母。這可以作爲區分兩种韻尾的不完全法則。下面我們介紹如何區分這兩套入聲韻尾。 * 區分[-h]、[-k]韻尾的規律總結如下（其中的「->」箭號表示它們是鬆緊變韻由緊入松的一組）<ref>在「-h」和「-k」韻尾區分上，閩南語和福州話是有很多出入的：比如「煞」白話字是「soah」，平話字是「sák」；「塔」白話字是「thah」，平話字是「ták」；「燭」白話字是「chek」，平話字是「cióh」。因此在這個問題上不提倡過分地將這兩種語言進行類比。</ref>： :# 只能接「-k」尾的韻腹：「i-」->「e-」->「ai-」、「u-」->「o-」->「au-」、「ṳ-」->「e̤-」（包括「e̤ṳ-」）->「ae̤-」，這三組韻腹所具有的共同特徵是它們會產生顯著的鬆緊變韻，例如「日（nĭk）」、「十（sĕk）」、「刻（káik）」、「術（sŭk）」、「福（hók）」、「骨（gáuk）」、「俗（sṳ̆k）」、「六（lĕ̤k）」、「乞（ké̤ṳk）」、「角（gáe̤k）」。 :# 只能接「-h」尾的韻腹：「a̤-」、「e̤-」和「o̤-」，這些字所具有的共同特徵是韻腹不會產生顯著的鬆緊變韻。<ref>也有人認為根本這些韻腹根本不變韻。</ref> :# 需要特殊記憶的韻腹是「a-」，例如「百（báh）」不同於「合（hăk）」；以及由閉到開雙韻腹「ia-」、「ie-」、「io-」、「uo-」。事實上，區分「-h」和「-k」韻尾有一條真正的完全法則<ref>由於這條法則的存在，有學者認為今天的福州話依然區分兩套入聲韻尾。</ref>，即當入聲字和另一個字組合成詞時，可以通過後字聲母類化的情況來判斷前字的入聲韻尾：緊跟「-k」韻尾的字從來不發生聲母類化，而緊跟「-h」的字一般都要發生聲母類化。你試著朗讀「玉簪（nguŏh-căng）」和「月餅（nguŏk-biāng）」就可以感受到「簪」字的聲母[ts]已經類化而「餅」的聲母依然完好。同樣地，你還可以試著朗讀「百姓（báh-sáng）」和「合適（hăk-sék）」來感受一下「姓」的聲母類化。另外，如果待定的入聲字是個上入字，還可以通過它的連讀變調來判斷。以「-h」為韻尾的上入字的連讀變調方式是特殊的，你可以試著比較朗讀「澈潔（táh-gáik，『乾淨』的意思）」和「拾刷（kák-sáuk，『整修』的意思）」來感受一下兩個前字的不同調值。<ref>由於變調規則的不同，以「-k」為韻尾的上入調類也被稱作「陰入甲」，而以「-h」為韻尾的則被稱作「陰入乙」。</ref> * 注意，[-eiŋ]（包括[-ɛiŋ]）、[-øyŋ]和[-ouŋ]要分別寫作「-eng」、「-e̤ng」和「-ong」，而不是「*''-eing''」、「*''-e̤ṳng''」和「*''-oung''」，以「-k」為韻尾的拼寫也是這樣，例如，「聖（séng）」、「儂（nè̤ng）」、「講（gōng）」、「七（chék）」、「六（lĕ̤k）」、「樂（lŏk）」。但是，「銀」韻鬆韻的[-øyŋ]卻要寫成「-e̤ṳng」，例如「共」的文讀音一定要寫作「gê̤ṳng」，同理「乞」也要寫成「ké̤ṳk」, 「ṳ」不可省略。 ===聲調符號=== 《戚林八音》把福州話的調類總結為「上平」、「上上」、「上去」、「上入」、「下平」、「下上」、「下去」和「下入」八類（故名「八音」）。這裡的「上」對應著現代音韻學裡的「陰」而「下」對應著「陽」。雖則名義上有「八音」，但事實上，福州話的上聲是不分陰陽的，因此除扣下來衹有七個調類。參見下表，表中「例字」都取自《戚林八音》。 <table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="margin:5px; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse;"> <tr> <th><center>調名</center></th> <th><center>調值</center></th> <th><center>符號</center></th> <th><center>例字</center></th> <th><center>例平話字</center></th> </tr> <tr> <td><center>上平</center></td> <td><center>55</center></td> <td><center>˘</center></td> <td><center>君</center></td> <td><center>Gŭng</center></td> </tr> <tr> <td><center>上聲</center></td> <td><center>33</center></td> <td><center>-</center></td> <td><center>滾</center></td> <td><center>Gūng</center></td> </tr> <tr> <td><center>上去</center></td> <td><center>213</center></td> <td><center>ˊ</center></td> <td><center>貢</center></td> <td><center>Góng</center></td> </tr> <tr> <td><center>上入</center></td> <td><center>24</center></td> <td><center>ˊ</center></td> <td><center>谷</center></td> <td><center>Gók</center></td> </tr> <tr> <td><center>下平</center></td> <td><center>53</center></td> <td><center>`</center></td> <td><center>群</center></td> <td><center>Gùng</center></td> </tr> <tr> <td><center>下去</center></td> <td><center>242</center></td> <td><center>^</center></td> <td><center>郡</center></td> <td><center>Gông</center></td> </tr> <tr> <td><center>下入</center></td> <td><center>5</center></td> <td><center>˘</center></td> <td><center>掘</center></td> <td><center>Gŭk</center></td> </tr> </table> 平話字的設計者在設計聲調方案時，顯然認真考慮了福州話七聲的調值，使這些符號盡可能地符合「五度標音法」，非常便於記憶。另外，由於入聲字本身可以通過韻尾的「-h」和「-k」識別，因此它們可以分別和調值類似的舒聲字共用同一個符號。所以，「上去」和「上入」共用一個符號，「上平」和「下入」共用一個符號。 注意，平話字七聲全部標調，除了鼻音單獨成韻的下去字「伓」直接寫成「ng」外，沒有類似閩南語白話字裡「上平」、「上入」字不標調的情況。 上文提到過，平話字從來不標記口語中的連讀變調。但根據傳教士的文獻記載，在十九世紀的福州話裡，連讀變調就已經演化得相當複雜了。 ===連字符=== 平話字的連字符將文章中組合成固定詞彙的字連接起來，增強了文章的易理解性，也便於在朗誦時進行連讀變聲變韻變調。連字符的使用規則相對比較靈活。 ==和閩南語白話字的比較== ==對教會平話字改進的意見== 對平話字改進的意見以下幾項． *上平聲調符號的廢除； *為輕聲設置聲調符號； *為否定辭「ng」添加聲調符號； *減少或廢除文章中連字符號的使用。 同閩南語白話字、興化語羅馬字、越南語國語字不同，平話字在書寫的時候，對福州話的每個聲調都必須標記聲調符號。因此有人建議仿效閩南語跟越南語，停止七個聲調中陰平調符號的使用，以簡化書寫或打字時候添加聲調符號的操作，且認為這並不會影響到平話字紀錄福州話聲調的準確性。 :::De̤ng-huong << Dĕ̤ng-huŏng　（東方） 由於輕聲在福州話出現的頻率不是很高，所以在平話字創造的時候，人們並沒有意識到它的存在也沒有為輕聲設計聲調符號。有人認為應該為輕聲調設計一個聲調符號。因為輕聲雖然出現的頻率不高，但是它具備文法功能。目前主張設計輕聲符號的人認為可以用原陰平調符號作用輕聲調的符號，而不必另造新的． :::Có̤-chèng-gĭ （農民）<< Có̤-chèng-gì　（農民、農活的） 十九世紀創製平話字的時候，人們並未找出否定辭「ng」的聲調，於是在平話字聖經裡面，「ng」就成了唯一（？）不標聲調符號的字．二十世紀中國的一些閩語學者通過同閩南語、粵語等南方語言的對比，得出「福州話否定辭『ng』的聲調應該是陽去調」的結論．故此，有人主張在書寫的時候應該為「ng」添加符號．但是也有人認為平話字裡面只有一個字寫作「ng」，沒有必要添加。 n̂g sê << ng sê 平話字的連字符號沒有既定的規則，一般兩個或更多的字能夠組成一個辭彙，它們之間就能用連字符號連接起來。主張簡化或廢除連字符號的人認為，連字符影響了文字的美觀性；並且福州話是有聲調的孤立語，基本每個音節就有一個意義且平話字標注的是單字調，所以沒有連字符號的情況下，人們依然可以通過拼讀得出句子中每個單音節的意義，聯繫上下文之後，可以準確地理解句子。 ==電腦字體對平話字的支持== 平話字的聲調符號不算特殊，但是能夠支持兩點下標符號「 ̤」（''[http://www.fileformat.info/info/unicode/char/1e73/index.htm Unicode Character 'COMBINING DIAERESIS BELOW' (U+0324)]''）的字體卻只有少數幾種，其中比較美觀的有[[:en:Lucida Sans Unicode|Lucida Sans Unicode]]和[[:en:Charis SIL|Charis SIL]]。Lucida Sans Unicode是Windows操作系統的預安裝字體，用它來顯示平話字，絕大多數用戶都不必再去另裝字體，因此它是顯示平話字的首選。 一般情況下，字母「a̤」、「e̤」、「o̤」和「ṳ」在電腦中的存儲是使用字符組合的方式，即字母「a̤」實際上是由字符「a」和「 ̤」兩個字符所共同組合構成的。帶聲調符號的字母也是如此，比如「ā̤」則是由「ā」和「 ̤」共同構成。 剛才說到，Lucida Sans Unicode是顯示平話字的首選字體。但是在Wikipedia環境下情況有些特殊：Wikipedia的字符自動替換程式會將組合在一起的「u」和「 ̤」自動轉換為一個單一字符「ṳ」（''[http://www.fileformat.info/info/unicode/char/1e73/index.htm Unicode Character 'LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH DIAERESIS BELOW' (U+1E73)]''）；而帶著聲調符號的字母亦然，「ù」+「 ̤」會被自動轉換為「ṳ」+「`」。字符「ṳ」未被收入Lucida Sans Unicode字庫中，因此閩東語Wikipedia只能選用Charis SIL作為默認字體。所以，如果您的網頁上顯示到某些字符為一個空格號，則說明您沒有安裝它。為了能夠正常閱讀文章，我們強烈建議大家[http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=CharisSIL_download#FontsDownload 下載安裝]（免費的）。它的字庫包羅萬象，幾乎含納了所有基於羅馬字母和西里爾字母的字符。 [[Image:BUC 3 Fonts.jpg|thumb|800px|將平話字用三種字體顯示的對比，從上至下依次是Charis SIL、Lucida Sans Unicode和Arial Unicode MS。|left]] ==註解== <div class="references-small"> <references/> </div> ==參考文獻== * 陳澤平，《19世紀傳教士研究福州方言的幾種文獻資料》，2002 * 陳澤平，《十九世紀的福州音系》，2002 * 陳澤平，《福州話城鄉異讀字音分析》，1990 * 陳澤平，《福州話的韻母結構及其演變模式》 * 馮愛珍，《福州方言詞典》，江蘇教育出版社，1998 * 李如龍，梁玉璋，《福州方言誌》，福州地方誌編纂委員會，2001 * 李如龍，梁玉璋，陳澤平，《福州方言詞典》，福建人民出版社，1994 * 趙日和，《福州方言音韻詞典》，福州市藝術創作研究所，1998 38 3667 2006-11-12T11:08:20Z GnuDoyng 13 {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<font size="+1">'''Huák-guók''' |- | align="center" colspan=2 | [[Image:LocationFrance.png|200px]] |- | '''Guók-gì''' | <center>[[Image:Flag of France.svg|150px]]</center> |- | '''Guók-hŭi''' | <center>[[Image:France coa.png|150px]]</center> |- | '''Liāng-dô̤''' | Hĭ-lă-káik (Cūng-tūng) |- | '''Siū-dŭ''' | [[Bă-là̤]] |- | '''[[Guăng-huŏng ngṳ̄-ngiòng]]''' | [[Huák-ngṳ̄]] |- | '''Miêng-cék''' | 674,843 km² |- | '''Ìng-kēu''' | 63,587,700 (2006) |- | '''[[GDP]]''' | $1.830 chiĕng-é (2005) |- | '''Ìng-gĭng GDP''' | $29,316 (2005) |- |} [[Image:Satellite image of France in August 2002.jpg|thumb|120px|Huák-guók gì [[uôi-sĭng]] sióng|left]] '''Huák-guók''' (法國), ciòng-chĭng '''Huák-làng-să̤ Gê̤ṳng-huò-guók''' ([[Huák-ngṳ̄]]: République Française; [[IPA]]: [ʀepyblik fʀɑ̃sɛz]) sê [[Ĕu-ciŭ]] gì siŏh bĭh [[guók-gă]], dṳ̀ lāu Ĕu-ciŭ buōng-tū ī-nguôi, Huák-guók găh [[Dâi-iòng-ciŭ]], [[Hĭ-ciŭ]], [[Mī-ciŭ]] dēng ciŭ gó ô liāng-tū. Buōng-tū ī-nguôi gì liāng-tū giéu lă̤ "hāi nguôi liāng-tū". Huák-guók sê sié-gái siông [[céng-dê]] [[gĭng-cá̤]] [[ùng-huá]] siŏng-dŏng huák-dăk gì guók-gă cĭ-ék. ==Dê-lī== [[Image:France-CIA WFB Map.png|thumb|250px|Huák-guók hèng-céng dê-dù|left]] Huák-guók buōng-tū găh Ĕu-ciŭ să̤ buô, báe̤k méng gâe̤ng [[Bī-lê-sì]], [[Lù-sĕng-bō̤]] siŏng ciék, dĕ̤ng buô gâe̤ng [[Dáik-guók]], [[Sôi-sê̤ṳ]], [[É-dâi-lê]] siŏng kiâng, dĕ̤ng-nàng ô [[Dê-dṳ̆ng-hāi]], să̤-nàng guók-géng siông ô [[Ăng-dô̤-ī]] gâe̤ng [[Să̤-băng-ngà]] lâng bĭh guók-gă, să̤ méng sê [[Dâi-Să̤-iòng]], să̤-báe̤k gák lă̤ Ĭng-guók Hāi-hĕk gâe̤ng [[Ĭng-guók]] dó̤i sióng, téng dê-dù gā̤-dēng lié káng Huák-guók buōng-tū hìng-sék chiông 6 dèu biĕng gì huŏng-hìng. ==Lĭk-sṳ̄== Huák-guók-nè̤ng sê gū-cā [[Gŏ̤-lù]]-nè̤ng gì hâiu-iô, sê [[Kāi-ī-dĕk]]-nè̤ng gì siŏh ciĕ-puái. Gŏ̤-lù ké̤ṳk [[Lò̤-mā Dá̤-guók]] miĕk-uòng hâiu, Gŏ̤-lù kăi-sṳ̄ ciék-sêu Lò̤-mā [[ùng-huá]], tŭng-hèng [[Lă-dĭng-ngṳ̄]]. Gĭng-dáng gì Huák-ngṳ̄ cêu sê téng Lă-dĭng-ngṳ̄ iēng-huá lì gì. Diŏh 1789 nièng [[Huák-guók Dâi-gáik-mêng]] huák-sĕng ī-sèng, Huák-guók ék-dĭk sê gŭng-ciō-cié. Huák-guók Dâi-gáik-mêng ké̤ṳk nêng-ùi sê ìng-lôi lĭk-sṳ̄ siông dô̤i-gá có̤i chāng-liĕk gì gáik-mêng, ô cĭng sâ̤ nè̤ng ké̤ṳk tài sī. 1799 nièng, [[Nā-pó̤-lùng]] kăi-sṳ̄ tūng-dê Huák-guók, gĭng-guó gŭng-sê̤ṳ káuk-diŏng, gióng-lĭk lāu siŏh ciáh dá̤-guók. Cĭ hâiu diŏh 19 sié-gī, Huák-guók bô gĭng-lĭk lāu iā sâ̤ céng-biéng. [[Image:Notre-dame-west-front.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Bă-là̤ Séng-mū Iêng]] Huák-guók báik-cèng ô cêng sâ̤ hāi nguôi [[sĭk-mìng-dê]], bău-guăk [[Éng-dô-ciĕ-ná]] dê-kṳ̆ (chiông [[Uŏk-nàng]] dēng-dēng). [[Dâ-ék-huòi Sié-gái Dâi-ciéng|Ék Ciéng]] gâe̤ng [[Dâ-nê-huòi Sié-gái Dâi-ciéng|Nê Ciéng]], Huák-guók dŭ sê có̤i-hâiu gì ciéng-iàng-guók. Nê Ciéng giék-sók hâiu, Huák-guók sìng-ùi [[Lièng-hăk-guók]] 5 ciáh siòng-êng-lī-sê̤ṳ-guók cĭ ék. ==Ùng-huá== [[Category:Guók-gă]] [[Category:Ĕu-ciŭ]] [[af:Frankryk]] [[als:Frankreich]] [[ang:Francland]] [[ar:فرنسا]] [[an:Franzia]] [[roa-rup:Gallia]] [[frp:France]] [[ast:Francia]] [[bn:ফ্রান্স]] [[zh-min-nan:Hoat-kok]] [[be:Францыя]] [[bs:Francuska]] [[br:Bro-C'hall]] [[bg:Франция]] [[ca:França]] [[cv:Франци]] [[cs:Francie]] [[co:Francia]] [[cy:Ffrainc]] [[da:Frankrig]] [[de:Frankreich]] [[arc:ܦܪܢܣܐ]] [[et:Prantsusmaa]] [[el:Γαλλία]] [[en:France]] [[es:Francia]] [[eo:Francio]] [[eu:Frantzia]] [[fa:فرانسه]] [[fr:France]] [[fy:Frankryk]] [[ga:An Fhrainc]] [[gv:Yn Rank]] [[gd:An Fhraing]] [[gl:Francia - France]] [[gu:ફ્રાઁસ]] [[ko:프랑스]] [[hy:Ֆրանսիա]] [[hi:फ़्राँस]] [[hr:Francuska]] [[io:Francia]] [[ilo:Francia]] [[id:Perancis]] [[ia:Francia]] [[os:Франц]] [[is:Frakkland]] [[it:Francia]] [[he:צרפת]] [[ka:საფრანგეთი]] [[ks:फ्रांस]] [[csb:Francëjô]] [[kw:Pow Frynk]] [[sw:Ufaransa]] [[ht:Frans]] [[ku:Fransa]] [[lad:Fransia]] [[la:Francia]] [[lv:Francija]] [[lb:Frankräich]] [[lt:Prancūzija]] [[li:Frankriek]] [[ln:Falansia]] [[jbo:fasygu'e]] [[lmo:Francja]] [[hu:Franciaország]] [[mk:Франција]] [[mg:Frantsa]] [[mr:फ्रान्स]] [[ms:Perancis]] [[mn:Франц улс]] [[na:France]] [[nl:Frankrijk]] [[nds-nl:Frankriek]] [[ne:फ्रान्स]] [[ja:フランス]] [[no:Frankrike]] [[nn:Frankrike]] [[nrm:France]] [[oc:França]] [[ug:فرانسىيە]] [[pam:France]] [[ps:فرانسه]] [[pms:Fransa]] [[nds:Frankriek]] [[pl:Francja]] [[pt:França]] [[ty:Farāni]] [[ro:Franţa]] [[rmy:Franchiya]] [[rm:Frantscha]] [[ru:Франция]] [[sa:फ्रांस]] [[sc:Frantza]] [[sco:Fraunce]] [[st:France]] [[sq:Franca]] [[scn:Francia]] [[simple:France]] [[sk:Francúzsko]] [[sl:Francija]] [[so:Faransiis]] [[sr:Француска]] [[sh:Francuska]] [[fi:Ranska]] [[sv:Frankrike]] [[tl:Pransya]] [[ta:பிரான்ஸ்]] [[tet:Fransa]] [[th:ประเทศฝรั่งเศส]] [[vi:Pháp]] [[tg:Фаронса]] [[tpi:Pranis]] [[tr:Fransa]] [[uk:Франція]] [[ur:فرانس]] [[vec:Franzsa]] [[fiu-vro:Prantsusmaa]] [[zh-yue:法國]] [[zh:法国]] 39 3670 2006-11-12T11:10:47Z GnuDoyng 13 /* Lĭk-sṳ̄ */ {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<font size="+1">'''Hók-ciŭ''' |- | align="center" colspan=2 | [[Image:ChinaFujianFuzhou.png|200px]] |- | '''Hèng-céng-kṳ̆ lôi-biék''' | Dê-gék chê |- | '''Biék-chĭng''' | Ṳ̀ng-siàng, [[Săng-săng]] |- | '''[[Miêng-cék]]''' | 11,968 km² |- | '''[[Ìng-kēu]]''' | 6 báh-uâng |- | '''Ìng-gĭng [[GDP]]''' | ¥31582 |- | '''[[Mìng-cŭk]]''' | [[Háng-cŭk|Háng]], [[Muāng-cŭk|Muāng]], [[Siă-cŭk|Siă]], [[Hùi-cŭk|Hùi]] |- | '''[[Ngṳ̄-ngiòng]]''' | [[Hók-ciŭ-uâ]] gâe̤ng [[Pū-tŭng-uâ]] |- | '''Chê-chéu''' | [[Sṳ̀ng-chéu (Hók-ciŭ chê-chéu)|Sṳ̀ng-chéu]] |- | '''Chê-huă''' | [[Mĕ̤k-lê-huă]] |- | '''Chê-guō''' | [[Hók-gék]] |- |} '''Hók-ciŭ''' (福州, [[Ĭng-ngṳ̄]]: Foochow) sê [[Dṳ̆ng-huà Ìng-mìng Gê̤ṳng-huò-guók]] [[Hók-gióng|Hók-gióng Sēng]] gì [[Sēng-huôi]]. ==Hèng-céng Dăng-ôi== [[Image:746px-Greater fz.GIF|thumb|300px|Hók-ciŭ hèng-céng dăng-ôi dê-dù|left]] * Chê-kṳ̆: [[Gū-làu]], [[Dài-gĕ̤ng]], [[Chŏng-săng]], [[Mā-muōi]], [[Céng-ăng]]. * Gâing-gék chê: [[Hók-chiăng]], [[Diòng-lŏ̤h]]. * Gâing: [[Mìng-âiu]], [[Name|Mìng-chiăng]], [[Īng-tái]], [[Lièng-gŏng]], [[Lò̤-nguòng]], [[Bìng-tàng]]. ==Lĭk-sṳ̄== Hók-ciŭ gì lĭk-sṳ̄ chiĕu-guó 2200 nièng. 7,000 nièng sèng, gū-cā-nè̤ng cêu ī-gĭng diŏh Hók-ciŭ sĕng̤-uăk. Gáu [[Hâ-dièu]], Hók-ciŭ gì buōng-iòng buô-lŏk ī kăi-sṳ̄ ké̤ṳk [[Dṳ̆ng-nguòng]] dê-kṳ̆ gì [[Huà-hâ-cŭk]] ô lāu lièng-hiê; gáu [[Ciŭ-dièu]], cī cṳ̄ng guăng-hiê gâing-gă mĭk-chiék. Sèng 334 nièng, [[Chū-guók]] miĕk-uòng Uŏk-guók, Uŏk-guók uòng-cŭk hióng nàng cāu diē Hók-gióng, gâe̤ng Hók-gióng buōng-iòng buô-lŏk ṳ̀ng-hăk siàng [[Mìng-uŏk-cŭk]]. Sèng 221 nièng, [[Cìng-dièu]] siék-dé '''Mìng-dṳ̆ng-gông''' (閩中郡). Hók-ciŭ có̤i cā gì siàng-chiòng găh Sèng 202 nièng gióng siàng. Dŏng-sì [[Háng-dièu]] uòng-dá̤ [[Làu Băng]] (劉邦) ṳ̀ng-hṳ̄ Mìng-uŏk-uòng [[Ù-chṳ̆]] (無諸) gióng-cô̤ [[Mìng-uŏk-guók]] cê-gă gì siū-dŭ, bêng chĭng ĭ có̤ '''Iā''' (冶, é-sé̤ṳ sê "cáuk-gă"). [[Cièng 110 nièng]], Mìng-uŏk-guók ké̤ṳk Háng-dièu miĕk-uòng. Iù-sê, Hók-ciŭ biéng-siàng [[Dṳ̆ng-guók]] gì siŏh cô̤ siàng-chê, hô̤ lā̤ '''Iā-gông''' (冶郡). Diŏh [[Dòng-dièu]], Iā-gông kăi-sṳ̄ chĭng có̤ Hók-ciŭ. [[Ngô-dô̤i]] sì-hâiu, Mìng-uòng [[Uòng Sīng-dĭ]] (王審知) kuóng-gióng Hók-ciŭ, ciŏng [[Ŭ-săng]], [[Ṳ̀-săng]], [[Bìng-săng]] bêng diē siàng-diē, gó-chṳ̄ Hók-ciŭ iâ miàng '''Săng-săng''' (三山). [[Báe̤k-sóng]] tái-siū [[Diŏng Báik-ngṳ̆k]] (張伯玉) dái-liāng ciòng siàng Báh-sáng căi [[Sṳ̀ng-chéu]], iù-sê Hók-ciŭ iâ giéu có̤ '''Ṳ̀ng-siàng''' (榕城). [[Sóng-dièu|Sóng]] [[Nguòng-dièu|Nguòng]] nièng găng, Hók-ciŭ ī-gĭng huák-diēng siàng siŏng-dŏng huák-dăk gì iòng-hāi siàng-chê. Dŏng-sì ô cĭng sâ̤ gì hŏk-ciā, iù-káh lì gáu Hók-ciŭ, pī-ṳ̀-gōng, [[Ciŏ Hĭ]] (朱熹), [[Sĭng Ké-cĭk]] (辛棄疾) gâe̤ng [[É-dâi-lê]] lṳ̄-hèng-gă [[Mā-kō̤ Pō̤-lò̤]] (馬可·波羅). Diŏh Mā-kō̤-pō̤-lò̤ gì iù-gé diē-sié, ĭ chĭng Hók-ciŭ có̤ "'''Fugiu'''". [[Image:Zhongzhoudao.jpg|thumb|200px|300 nièng sèng uâ gì '''[[Dṳ̆ng-ciŭ Dō̤]]''', dŏng-sì gó sê siŏh cô̤ páu-dài.|right]] [[Mìng-dièu]] 1405 nièng gáu 1433 nièng, [[Dâng Huò]] (鄭和) dái-liāng Dṳ̆ng-guók hāi-gŭng 7 hùi hâ Să̤-iòng, ék-dĭk hòng-hèng gáu [[Nàng-iòng]], [[Hĭ-ciŭ]] dēng iā sâ̤ [[guók-gă]] gâe̤ng dê-kṳ̆. [[1840 nièng]], Dṳ̆ng-guók găh [[Ă-piéng Ciéng-cĕng]] dṳ̆ng sék-bâi, [[Chĭng-dièu|Chĭng]]-céng-hū gâe̤ng [[Ĭng-guók]] chiĕng-déng [[Nàng-gìng Dèu-iók]]. Gŏng-gé̤ṳ dèu-iók, Hók-ciŭ ké̤ṳk kŭi-huông có̤ [[Tŭng-sŏng-kēu-ngâng|tŭng-sŏng-kēu-ngâng]]. [[Image:BattleFoochow.jpg|thumb|200px|[[1884 nièng]], Dṳ̆ng-guók gâe̤ng [[Huák-guók]] hāi-gŭng găh Mìng-gĕ̤ng diē-hāi-kāu diēng-kŭi '''[[Mā-gĕ̤ng Hāi-ciéng]]''', [[Să̤-huŏng]] iâ chĭng có̤ "'''Battle of Foochow'''".|left]] [[1911 nièng]] [[11 nguŏk 8 hô̤]], Hók-ciŭ huák-sĕng káung Chĭng gáik-mêng. Siŏh buŏ hâiu kī-ngiê-gŭng ciéng-liāng Hók-ciŭ. [[1933 nièng]] [[11 guŏk 22 hô̤]], [[19-lô-gŭng]] huák-dông [[Hók-gióng Sê̤ṳ-biéng]] (福建事變), dŭk-lĭk Hók-gióng gióng-lĭk [[Dṳ̆ng-huà Gê̤ṳng-huò-guók]], Hók-ciŭ ùi siū-dŭ. Dáng-sê lâng gá nguŏk-nĭk hâiu, [[Guók-mìng-dōng]] gŭng-dôi miĕk-uòng Dṳ̆ng-huà Gê̤ṳng-huò-guók, dṳ̀ng-sĭng ciéng-liāng Hók-ciŭ. [[1949 nièng]] [[8 nguŏk 17 hô̤]], [[Dṳ̆ng-guók Ìng-mìng Gái-bóng-gŭng]] ciéng-liāng Hók-ciŭ. [[Dṳ̆ng-guók Gê̤ṳng-sāng-dōng|Dṳ̆ng-gê̤ṳng]] céng-hū ciŏng hī siŏh nĭk dêng có̤ Hók-ciŭ gì gái-bóng-nĭk. ==Dê-lī== ===Ôi-dé=== Hók-ciŭ găh Hók-gióng Sēng dĕ̤ng-buô [[Mìng-gĕ̤ng]] kāu hô-gê̤ṳng, dĕ̤ng-gĭng 118°08' - 120°31', báe̤k-ūi 25°15' - 26°29' cĭ-găng. Hók-ciŭ dĕ̤ng lìng [[Dài-hāi]], nàng-buô, să̤-buô, báe̤k-buô hŭng-biék sê [[Puō-dièng]], [[Săng-mìng]], [[Nàng-bìng]], gâe̤ng [[Nìng-dáik]]. ===Ké-hâiu=== Hók-ciŭ sṳ̆k hāi-iòng-séng ā-iĕk-dái gié-hŭng ké-hâiu, nièng gáung-ṳ̄-liông sâ̤, 7 gáu 9 nguŏk ô [[Hŭng-dăi|hŭng-dăi]]. ==Ùng-huá== ==Ngiê-sŭk== * [[Mìng-kiŏk]] ===Lṳ̄-iù=== [[Image:BanyanFuzhou.jpg|thumb|192px|Hók-ciŭ gì chê-chéu: '''[[Sṳ̀ng-chéu]]'''|left]] Hók-ciŭ bī-gáu chók-miàng gì lṳ̄-lù hŭng-gīng-kṳ̆ ô: [[Să̤-ù]], [[Huà-lìng Sê]], [[Dê-cáung Sê]], [[Să̤-sièng Sê]], [[Kĭng-săng Sê]], [[Kăi-nguòng Sê]], [[Ŭ-ták]], [[Băh-ták]], [[Ṳ̄ng-ciòng Sê]], [[Gū-săng]], [[Gì-săng]], dēng-dēng. ===Īng-sĭk=== [[Image:Fish ball.jpg|thumb|200px|Hók-ciŭ [[Ngṳ̄-uòng]]|right]] Hók-ciŭ-chái sê [[Mìng-chái]] gì dô̤i-biēu. Hók-ciŭ-chái cĭng gōng chĭng-ké, cṳ̄ gì sèng-hâiu mâ̤ ó̤i gă cĭng sâ̤ gì iù gâe̤ng sièng, iâ mò̤ ĕng lăk, gó-chṳ̄ ê bī-gáu ciāng. Dáng-sê ĭng diŏh ké-hâiu gì ĭng-só, Hók-ciŭ-nè̤ng gă ó̤i siăh diĕng, cṳ̄ chái sèng-hâiu ó̤i ĕng [[Dòng|dòng]], cuòi iâ niông nguôi-dê-nè̤ng cái mâ̤ kī. * Siēu-siăh: [[Ngṳ̄-uòng]], [[Biēng-nṳ̆k]], [[Nṳ̆k-ṳ̀ng]], [[Diê-biāng]], [[Guŏng-biāng]], [[Só̤h-miêng]], dēng-dēng. * Cūi-guō: [[Gā-lāng]], [[Hók-gék]], [[Lèng-ngēng]], [[Liĕk-chiĕ]], [[Mĕ̤k-lê-huă Dà]], [[Lī-gèng]], dēng-dēng. * Miàng-chái: [[Hŭk-tiéu-chiòng]], dēng-dēng. ===Cŭng-gáu=== Găh Hók-ciŭ, īng-hiōng-lĭk bī-gáu duâi gì cŭng-gáu ciō-iéu ô [[Ià-sŭ-gáu]] (iâ miàng "Gĭ-dók-gáu" hĕ̤k "Sĭng-gáu"), [[Tiĕng-ciō-gáu]], [[Hŭk-gáu]], [[Dô̤-gáu]] gâe̤ng [[Ĭ-sṳ̆-làng-gáu]]. {{Hók-gióng}} {{Mìng-dṳ̆ng sĕk ék}} [[Category:Siàng-chê]] [[Category:Mìng-cṳ̆]] [[de:Fuzhou]] [[en:Fuzhou]] [[es:Fuzhou]] [[fr:Fuzhou]] [[id:Fuzhou]] [[ja:福州]] [[nl:Fuzhou]] [[no:Fuzhou]] [[pl:Fuzhou]] [[pt:Fuzhou]] [[sv:Fuzhou]] [[zh:福州]] [[zh-min-nan:Hok-chiu]] 40 757 2006-10-03T00:57:57Z Incubator import 18 [[Test-wp/cdo/Hók-ciŭ Chê]] moved to [[Hók-ciŭ Chê]] #REDIRECT [[Hók-ciŭ]] 41 3692 2006-11-16T13:13:23Z GnuDoyng 13 [[Image:Cliche picture of Jesus.jpg|thumb|200px|Ià-sŭ Gĭ-dók|right]] Nā-sák-lĕk-nè̤ng '''Ià-sŭ''' (耶穌), iâ hô̤ lā̤ '''Ià-sŭ Gĭ-dók''' (耶穌基督), sê [[Gĭ-dók-gáu]] gì cháung-gióng-ciā gâe̤ng Gi-dók Gáu séng-iōng gì dṳ̆ng-sĭng ìng-ŭk. "Ià-sŭ" sê [[Hĭ-báik-lài-ngṳ̄]] gì "ישוע", é-sé̤ṳ sê "[[Siông-dá̤]] cīng-géu"; "Gĭ-dók" sê [[Hĭ-lăk-ngṳ̄]] gì "Χριστός", é-sé̤ṳ sê "ciék-sêu muăk-iù-lā̤ gì nè̤ng". Ô-guăng Ià-sŭ gì gó-sê̤ṳ dŭ gé diŏh [[Sĭng-iók Séng-gĭng]] lā̤. Séng-gĭng gà̤-dēng gé-cái, Ià-sŭ sĕng-uăk diŏh [[Lò̤-mā Dá̤-guók]] sì-dô̤i, sang dioh găh mā-cò̤ diē-sié. Ĭ lòng-nā̤ sê [[Séng-mū Mā-lê-ā]] (馬利亞). Gĭ-dók-gáu gì gáu-iū dŭ siŏng-séng Ià-sŭ sê Siông-dá̤ dŭk-sĕng-cṳ̄. Ĭ chók-sié hī ge̤ng ké̤ṳk nè̤ng diâng có̤ [[Séng-dâng-cáik]]. Áng [[Séng-gĭng]] gà̤-dēng lié gé-cái, Ià-sŭ buók-duâi hâiu, ĭ nguòng-lā̤ găh cê-gă gì gó-hiŏng diòng gáu. Dáng ĭ gó-hiŏng gì nè̤ng ng ciék-sêu ĭ, cêu buóh ciŏng ĭ tiāng lŏ̤h săng â. Gó-chṳ̄ ĭ cêu gáu bĕk-dó̤i diòng-gáu gōng-dô̤, hióng [[Iù-tái|Iù-tái-nè̤ng]] sŏng-gōng [[Siông-dá̤]] gì dô̤. Ià-sŭ gōng-dô̤ sì-hâiu sèu-sèu cĕng-dó̤i dŏng-sì [[Iù-tái-gáu]] gì gĭng-sṳ̄ Huák-lê-sáik nè̤ng. Piĕ bàng ĭ-cà̤ gā-siêng, ó̤i có̤ biēu-méng dâi-gié, sī siū lŭk-huák mâ̤ kŭi-tĕ̤ng. Ĭng-chṳ̄ niā giék cī piĕ Huák-lê-sáik nè̤ng, cī piĕ nè̤ng cêu buóh tái sī Ià-sŭ. Iù sê ĭ-cà̤ ciâ gáu Iù-tái tì-lók Bī-là-dŏ̤ huāi-nē̤ gōng Ià-sŭ cê-chĭng sê Iù-tái gì uòng, siōng dái-liāng gùng-cé̤ṳng có̤-huāng. Tì-lók cêu puái nè̤ng niăh ĭ. Dáng gĭng-guó sīng-ông, Bī-là-dŏ̤ mò̤ tō̤ chók Ià-sŭ ô sié-nó̤h cô̤i găi-dŏng sīng-puáng. Dáng Huák-lê-sáik nè̤ng dái-liāng gùng-cé̤ṳng iĕu-giù déng sī Ià-sŭ. Bī-là-dŏ̤ giăng ng dák-éng Huák-lê-sáik nè̤ng gâe̤ng cī piĕ gùng-cé̤ṳng gì iĕu-giù â̤ īng-kī hông-luâng, gó-chṳ̄ cêu sông lĕ̤h ĭ-cà̤ gì é-sé̤ṳ, ciŏng Ià-sŭ déng sī câi [[sĕk-cê-gá]] gà̤-dēng lié. Ià-sŭ sī hâiu dâ̤ 3 nĭk téng muó diē-lié bô-uăk kī lì, iù-sê, ìng-mìng dŭ siŏng-séng ĭ sê [[ìng-lôi]] gì Géu-ciō. Áng gáu-huôi gì diòng-tūng, diâng Ià-sŭ hók-uăk hī gĕ̤ng có̤ [[Bô-uăk-cáik]]. [[Category:Ìng-ŭk]] [[Category:Gĭ-dók-gáu]] [[af:Jesus Christus]] [[ang:Iesus Crist]] [[ar:مسيح]] [[az:İsa]] [[bn:যীশূ]] [[be:Езус Хрыстус]] [[bi:Jisas Kraes]] [[bs:Isus]] [[bg:Исус Христос]] [[ca:Jesús de Natzaret]] [[cv:Иисус Христос]] [[cs:Ježíš Kristus]] [[cy:Iesu Grist]] [[da:Jesus fra Nazaret]] [[pdc:Yeesus Grischdus]] [[de:Jesus von Nazaret]] [[arc:ܝܫܘ]] [[ee:Yesu Kristo]] [[en:Jesus]] [[et:Jeesus]] [[el:Ιησούς Χριστός]] [[es:Jesús de Nazaret]] [[eo:Jesuo Kristo]] [[fr:Jésus de Nazareth]] [[ga:Íosa Críost]] [[gd:Iosa Chrìosd]] [[ko:예수 그리스도]] [[hy:Յիսուս Քրիստոս]] [[hi:ईसा मसीह]] [[hr:Isus]] [[ilo:Jesus]] [[id:Yesus Kristus]] [[ia:Jesus Christo]] [[is:Jesús]] [[it:Gesù]] [[he:ישו]] [[kn:ಯೇಸು ಕ್ರಿಸ್ತ]] [[ka:ქრისტე]] [[kk:Иса]] [[kw:Yesu Krist]] [[kv:Исус Христос]] [[kj:Jesus Kristus]] [[sw:Yesu]] [[ku:Îsa]] [[la:Iesus Christus]] [[lv:Jēzus Kristus]] [[lb:Jesus vun Nazaret]] [[lt:Jėzus Kristus]] [[li:Zjezus Christus]] [[lg:Jesu Kristo]] [[hu:Jézus]] [[mk:Исус Христос]] [[ml:യേശു ക്രിസ്തു]] [[mi:Ihu Karaiti]] [[mn:Есүс Христ]] [[ms:Yesus Kristus]] [[fj:Jisu Karisito]] [[nl:Jezus Christus]] [[ja:イエス・キリスト]] [[no:Jesus Kristus]] [[nn:Jesus]] [[nrm:Jésus-Chrît]] [[ny:Yesu Kristu]] [[hz:Jesus Kristus]] [[ug:ظةيسا]] [[pa:ਈਸਾ ਮਸੀਹ]] [[pl:Jezus Chrystus]] [[pt:Jesus]] [[ro:Isus din Nazaret]] [[rm:Gesu da Nazaret]] [[ru:Иисус Христос]] [[sm:Iesu Keriso]] [[sq:Jezusi]] [[scn:Gesù Cristu]] [[simple:Jesus]] [[sk:Ježiš Kristus]] [[sl:Jezus Kristus]] [[sr:Исус Христос]] [[sh:Isus]] [[fi:Jeesus]] [[sv:Jesus]] [[tl:Hesus]] [[ta:இயேசு கிறிஸ்து]] [[tt:Ğaysa]] [[th:พระเยซู]] [[ty:Iesu Mesia]] [[vi:Giê-xu]] [[tg:Исо]] [[tpi:Jisas]] [[tr:İsa]] [[tk:Иса Месих]] [[tw:Yesu Kristo]] [[uk:Ісус Христос]] [[uz:Iso Masih]] [[ts:Yesu Kreste]] [[yi:ישוע]] [[zh-yue:耶穌]] [[zh:耶稣]] 42 761 2006-10-03T00:57:57Z Incubator import 18 [[Test-wp/cdo/Ià-sŭ Gĭ-dók]] moved to [[Ià-sŭ Gĭ-dók]] #REDIRECT [[Ià-sŭ]] 43 3093 2006-10-30T13:06:59Z GnuDoyng 13 '''Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄''' (閩東語), iâ giéu lō̤ '''Mìng-dĕ̤ng-uâ''' (閩東話) hĕ̤k '''Mìng-dĕ̤ng huŏng-ngiòng''' (閩東方言), sê tŭng-hèng găh [[Hók-gióng]] dĕ̤ng buô dê-kṳ̆ gâe̤ng [[Ciék-gŏng]] dĕ̤ng-nàng buô dê-kṳ̆ gì siŏh cṳ̄ng [[Mìng ngṳ̄]], dô̤i-biēu huŏng-ngiòng sê [[Hók-ciŭ-uâ]]. Diŏh buōng-iòng, Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄ iâ giéu lō̤ '''[[Bàng-uâ]]''', é-sé̤ṳ sê "bàng-siòng gōng gì uâ". ==Hŭng-lôi== Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄ ô 3 cṳ̄ng cṳ̄-huŏng-ngiòng, cī 3 cṳ̄ng huŏng-ngiòng cĭ-găng gău-liù ô kóng-nàng: # '''[[Hók-ciŭ-uâ]]''': Ciō-iéu tŭng-hèng găh [[Mìng-gĕ̤ng]] dṳ̆ng-hâ-iù gáu ĭk-hāi-kāu dê-kṳ̆ gê̤ṳng-cūng 11 cô̤ gâing-chê: [[Hók-ciŭ]] chê-kṳ̆, [[Bìng-nàng]], [[Kŭ-chèng]], [[Lò̤-nguòng]], [[Lièng-gŏng]], [[Mìng-chiăng]], [[Mìng-âiu]], [[Diòng-lŏ̤h]], [[Īng-tái]], [[Hók-chiăng]], [[Bìng-tàng]]. # '''[[Hók-ăng-uâ]]''': Ciō-iéu tŭng-hèng găh Hók-gióng dĕ̤ng-báe̤k buô gì [[Nìng-dáik]] dê-kṳ̆, gô-chṳ̄ iâ chĭng cáuk Nìng-dáik-uâ. Ĭng sêu Hók-ciŭ-uâ īng-hiōng, Hók-ăng-uâ muōng lài muōng kó̤-gê̤ṳng Hók-ciŭ-uâ. # '''[[Màng-gōng]]''': Ciō-iéu tŭng-hèng diŏh Ciék-gōng dĕ̤ng-nàng buô [[Tái-sâung|Tái-sâung gâing]] lièng ĭ hó-gê̤ṳng dê-kṳ̆. Ĭng-ông sêu [[Ngù-ngṳ̄]] īng-hiōng cĭng ngièng-dê̤ṳng, gó-chṳ̄ ké̤ṳk Hók-gióng gì Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄ chă-biék iā sâ̤. ==Nguôi-buô Lièng-giék== *[http://www.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=cdo Documentation for ISO 639 identifier: cdo] *[http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=cdo Ethnologue report for language code: cdo] [[Category:Ngṳ̄-ngiòng]] [[Category:Mìng-cṳ̆]] [[en:Min Dong]] [[zh:閩東話]] [[zh-min-nan:Bân-tang-oē]] 44 3162 2006-10-31T12:35:17Z GnuDoyng 13 /* Mìng-nàng-ngṳ̄ găk Dài-uàng */ '''Mìng-nàng-ngṳ̄''' (閩南語, '''Mìng-nàng-uâ''', '''Â-nàng-uâ''') sê [[Mìng-huŏng-ngiòng]] gì siŏh hŭng-gĭ, iâ sê sāi-ê̤ṳng ìng-só có̤i sâ̤, īng-hiōng-lĭk có̤i duâi gì Mìng-huŏng-ngiòng. Mìng-nàng-uâ huák-nguòng-dê sê [[Ciŏng-ciŭ]] gâe̤ng [[Ciŏng-ciŭ]], dáng-sê ĭng-ôi [[Â-muòng]] gì [[céng-dê]] [[gĭng-cá̤]] dê-ôi, Â-muòng-kiŏng ék-buăng ké̤ṳk nè̤ng nêng-ùi sê biĕu-cūng. ==Dê-lī hŭng-buó== Mìng-nàng-ngṳ̄ hŭng-buó diŏh [[Mìng-nàng]] gì Ciòng-ciŭ, Â-muòng gâe̤ng Ciŏng-ciŭ, [[Dài-uàng]] duâi buô-hông dê-kṳ̆, [[Guōng-dĕ̤ng]] dĕ̤ng-buô gì [[Dièu-ciŭ|Dièu]]-[[Sáng-tàu|Sáng]] dê-kṳ̆ gâe̤ng [[Lòi-ciŭ buáng-dō̤]], [[Hāi-nàng|Hāi-nàng-dō̤]], [[Mìng-să̤]] gì [[Lṳ̀ng-ngàng]] chê-kṳ̆ gâe̤ng [[Ciŏng-bìng]], [[Mìng-dĕ̤ng]] gì [[Hók-dīng]], [[Ciék-gŏng]] nàng buô [[Chŏng-nàng]], [[Bìng-iòng]], [[Dông-tàu]] dê-kṳ̆, lièng [[Nàng-iòng]] gì [[Huà-ìng]] iè-mìng siâ-kṳ̆. ==Lò̤-mā-huá== ''Ciō dèu-mŭk: '''[[Băh-uâ-cê]]''''' Ké̤ṳk [[Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄]] gì [[Bàng-uâ-cê]] siŏh-iông, Mìng-nàng-ngṳ̄ iâ ô cê-gă gì lò̤-mā ùng-cê, hô lā̤ '''[[Băh-uâ-cê]]'''. ==Mìng-nàng-ngṳ̄ găk Dài-uàng== Dài-uàng gì Mìng-nàng-ngṳ̄ gâe̤ng Hók-gióng gì Â-muòng kiŏng iā chiông. Găk Dài-uàng, Mìng-nàng-ngṳ̄ iâ hô̤ lō̤ "'''Dài-ngṳ̄'''", "'''Dài-uàng-uâ'''" gâe̤ng "'''Holo-uâ'''". Ĭng-ôi céng-dê gì nguòng-ĭng, ô siŏh piĕ Dài-uàng-nè̤ng nêng-ùi "Dài-ngṳ̄" ng-sê "Mìng-nàng-ngṳ̄". Ĭ-gáuk-nè̤ng gì lī-iù sê, hiêng-gĭng gì "Dài-ngṳ̄" ī-gĭng téng [[Nĭk-ngṳ̄]] dēng nguôi-ngṳ̄ diē-sié cióh-ĭk iā sâ̤ sṳ̀-ngṳ̄. Dáng-sê, cī cṳ̄ng gōng-huák mò̤ dáik diŏh [[Ngṳ̄-ngiòng-hŏk]]-gái gì sìng-nêng. {{Interwiki|code=zh-min-nan}} [[Category:Ngṳ̄-ngiòng]] [[Category:Mìng-cṳ̆]] [[Category:Â-diô]] [[da:Minnan]] [[de:Min Nan]] [[en:Min Nan]] [[es:Min Nan]] [[fr:Minnan]] [[id:Bahasa Hokkien]] [[ja:ミン南語]] [[ko:민난어]] [[ms:Bahasa Hokkien]] [[nl:Minnanyu]] [[ru:Южно-миньский язык]] [[vi:Tiếng Mân Nam]] [[zh:閩南語]] [[zh-min-nan:Bân-lâm-gú]] [[zh-yue:閩南語]] 45 3975 2006-12-14T13:10:20Z GnuDoyng 13 [[Special:Contributions/62.248.154.182|62.248.154.182]] ([[User_talk:62.248.154.182|Talk]]) sū có̤ gì siŭ-gāi diōng kó̤ [[User:GnuDoyng|GnuDoyng]] gì sèng 1 bĭk bēng-buōng {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<font size="+1">'''Mī-guók''' |- | align="center" colspan=2 | [[Image:LocationUSA.png|200px]] |- | '''Guók-gì''' | <center>[[Image:Flag of the United States.svg|150px]]</center> |- | '''Guók-hŭi''' | <center>[[Image:USSeal.png|150px]]</center> |- | '''Céng-dê cié-dô̤''' | [[Lièng-bŏng Gê̤ṳng-huò-guók]] |- | '''Liāng-dô̤''' | [[Gièu-dê Buó-sṳ̀]] (Cūng-tūng) |- | '''Siū-dŭ''' | [[Huà-sêng-dáung]] |- | '''[[Guăng-huŏng ngṳ̄-ngiòng]]''' | [[Ĭng-ngṳ̄]] |- | '''Miêng-cé''' | 9,631,418 km² |- | '''Ìng-kēu''' | 299,360,879 (2006) |- | '''[[GDP]]''' | $12.36 chiĕng-é (2005) |- | '''Ìng-gĭng GDP''' | $43,555 (2005) |- |} '''Mī-guók''' (美國), ciòng-chĭng '''Mī-lê-giĕng Hăk-cé̤ṳng-guók''' (美利堅合衆國, [[Ĭng-ngṳ̄]]: United States of America) sê [[Báe̤k Mī-ciŭ]] gì siŏh ciáh [[guók-gă]]. Ĭ liāng-tū să̤-buô sê [[Tái-bìng-iòng]], dĕ̤ng-buô sê [[Dâi-să̤-iòng]], báe̤k-buô sê [[Gă-nā-dâi]], nàng-buô sê [[Mĕ̤k-să̤-gŏ̤]]. Mī-guók sê sié-gái siông céng-dê, gŭng-sê̤ṳ, gĭng-cá̤, kuŏ-gé có̤i huák-dăk gì guók-gă. [[Image:United States-CIA WFB Map.png|thumb|450px|Mī-guók dê-dù|left]] ==Lĭk-sṳ̄== 15,000 nièng ī-sèng, [[Éng-dê-ăng]] buô-lŏk cêu ī-gĭng sĕng-uăk diŏh [[Mī-ciŭ]]. 16 sié-gī, [[Ĭng-guók]] ciéng-liāng Báe̤k Mī-ciŭ dĕ̤ng-ngâng, kăi-sṳ̄ sĭk-mìng tūng-dê. 1776 nièng 7 nguŏk 4 hô̤, ĭ gì 13 ciáh sĭk-mìng-dê siŏng-buó dŭk-lĭk; [[1783 nièng]], dŭk-lĭk ciêng-cĕng giék-sók, Ĭng-guók sék-bâi bêng-chiā sìng-nêng ĭ gì sĭk-mìng-dê dŭk-lĭk. Cī 13 ciáh ciŭ cêu sê có̤i cā gì Mī-guók. Hiêng-hâ-sì gì Mī-guók gê̤ṳng-cūng ô 50 ciáh ciŭ. 1991 nièng Sŭ-lièng gāi-tā̤ ī-hâiu, Mī-guók ék-dĭk sê sié-gái mì-ék gì chiĕu-gék duâi-guók. ==Ùng-huá== [[Image:Texascowboys.jpg|thumb|200px|Mī-guók ngù-giāng ùng-huá sê téng Să̤-băng-ngà diòng lì gì.|right]] Mī-guók gióng guók sèng-hâiu, ĭ gié-sìng gì ciō-iéu sê Ĭng-guók gì ùng-huá, dáng-sê mā-siông cêu ṳ̀ng-hăk lāu [[Să̤-băng-ngà]], [[Ái-ī-làng]], [[Dáik-guók]], [[É-dâi-lê]], [[Huák-guók]], [[Hò̤-làng]] ī-gĭk [[Hĭ-ciŭ]] gâe̤ng [[Ā-ciŭ]] gì ùng-huá. Ô cĭng sâ̤ nè̤ng gōng Mī-guók sê ùng-huá gì "ṳ̀ng-diāng" (melting pot), bók-guó hiêng-dô̤i iâ ô nè̤ng nêng-ùi cūng-kuāng gì bī-liê mâ̤ sék-dáung, ĭng-ôi Mī-guók ùng-huá sê dŏ̤-nguòng-huá, ng-sê "ṳ̀ng-diāng". Mī-guók ô cĭng sâ̤ [[Hók-ciŭ]] iè-mìng, duâi-buô-hông sê téng [[Diòng-lŏ̤h]] lì gì. Mī-guók-nè̤ng ó̤i páh [[lài-giù]] gâe̤ng [[gāng-lāng-giù]] (hĕ̤k miàng "Mī-guók kă-giù"). ==Cŭng-gáu== Cŭng-gáu sê Mī-guók ùng-huá cĭng iéu-gīng gì siŏh buô-hông. 46% gì Mī-guók-nè̤ng ô có̤ lā̤-buái gì sĭk-guáng. 58% gì Mī-guók-nè̤ng gōng, ĭ-gáuk-nè̤ng bàng-siòng sèu-sèu sṳ̆-liòng sĕng-miâng é-ngiê gì ùng-dà̤. Ciā bī-liê chiĕu-guó lāu [[Ĕu-ciŭ]], [[Nĭk-buōng]] dēng huák-dăk guók-gă. 58% gì Mī-guók-nè̤ng séng [[Gĭ-dók-gáu]] gì [[Sĭng-gáu]]. Mī-guók gì guók-gă gáh-ngiòng sê "In God we trust" (Nāng-gă siŏng-séng Siông-dá̤). Sĭng-gáu gì sṳ̆-siōng īng-hiōng lāu Mī-guók gì céng-dê. [[Category:Guók-gă]] [[Category:Báe̤k Mī-ciŭ]] [[af:Verenigde State]] [[als:USA]] [[am:አሜሪካ]] [[ang:Geānlǣht Rīcu American]] [[ar:الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية]] [[an:Estatos Unitos]] [[frp:Ètats-Unis d’Amèrica]] [[ast:Estaos Xuníos d'América]] [[az:Amerika Birləşmiş Ştatları]] [[bn:মার্কিন যুক্তরাষ্ট্র]] [[zh-min-nan:Bí-kok]] [[be:Злучаныя Штаты Амэрыкі]] [[bs:Sjedinjene Američke Države]] [[br:Stadoù-Unanet Amerika]] [[bg:Съединени американски щати]] [[ca:Estats Units d'Amèrica]] [[cv:Америкăри Пĕрлешӳллĕ Штатсем]] [[cs:Spojené státy americké]] [[za:Meijgoz]] [[cy:Unol Daleithiau America]] [[da:USA]] [[pdc:Amerikaa]] [[de:Vereinigte Staaten]] [[dv:އެމެރިކާ]] [[nv:Wááshindoon bikéyah ałhidadiidzooígíí]] [[en:United States]] [[et:Ameerika Ühendriigid]] [[el:Ηνωμένες Πολιτείες της Αμερικής]] [[es:Estados Unidos de América]] [[eo:Usono]] [[eu:Amerikako Estatu Batuak]] [[fa:ایالات متحده‌ امریکا]] [[fo:USA]] [[fr:États-Unis d'Amérique]] [[fy:Feriene Steaten]] [[ga:Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]] [[gd:Na Stàitean Aonaichte]] [[gl:Estados Unidos de América - United States of America]] [[gu:સંયુક્ત રાજ્ય અમેરિકા]] [[ko:미국]] [[hi:संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका]] [[hr:Sjedinjene Američke Države]] [[io:Usa]] [[ilo:Estados Unidos iti America]] [[id:Amerika Serikat]] [[ia:Statos Unite de America]] [[iu:ᐊᒥᐊᓕᑲ]] [[os:Америкæйы Иугонд Штаттæ]] [[is:Bandaríkin]] [[it:Stati Uniti d'America]] [[he:ארצות הברית]] [[ka:ამერიკის შეერთებული შტატები]] [[ks:संयुक्त राज्‍य अमेरिका]] [[kw:Statys Unys]] [[rw:Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]] [[ht:Etazini]] [[ku:Dewletên Yekbûyî yên Amerîkayê]] [[kn:ಅಮೇರಿಕ ಸಂಯುಕ್ತ ಸಂಸ್ಥಾನ]] [[la:Civitates Foederatae Americae]] [[lv:Amerikas Savienotās Valstis]] [[lb:Vereenegt Staate vun Amerika]] [[lt:JAV]] [[li:Vereinegde State van Amerika]] [[jbo:mergu'e]] [[hu:Amerikai Egyesült Államok]] [[mk:Соединети Американски Држави]] [[ml:യു.എസ്‌.എ.]] [[mt:Stati Uniti]] [[mr:अमेरिकेची संयुक्त संस्थाने]] [[ms:Amerika Syarikat]] [[mo:Стателе Уните але Америчий]] [[my:အမေရိကန္‌ပ္ရည္‌ေထာင္‌စု]] [[nah:Altépetl Osehsepanoaseh Americac]] [[nl:Verenigde Staten]] [[nds-nl:Verienigde Staoten van Amerika]] [[ja:アメリカ合衆国]] [[no:Amerikas forente stater]] [[nn:USA]] [[nrm:Êtats Unnis d'Améthique]] [[oc:Estats Units d'America]] [[ug:ئامېرىكا قوشما شتاتلىرى]] [[pam:United States]] [[ps:د امريکا متحده ايالات]] [[km:សហរដ្ឋ]] [[nds:USA]] [[pl:Stany Zjednoczone]] [[pt:Estados Unidos da América]] [[ro:Statele Unite ale Americii]] [[rm:Stadis Unids da l'America]] [[ru:Соединённые Штаты Америки]] [[se:Amerihká ovttastuvvan stáhtat]] [[sa:संयुक्त राज्‍य अमेरिका]] [[sco:Unitit States]] [[sq:Shtetet e Bashkuara]] [[scn:Stati Uniti]] [[simple:United States]] [[sk:Spojené štáty]] [[sl:Združene države Amerike]] [[sr:Сједињене Америчке Државе]] [[sh:Sjedinjene Američke Države]] [[fi:Yhdysvallat]] [[sv:USA]] [[tl:Estados Unidos]] [[ta:ஐக்கிய அமெரிக்க நாடுகள்]] [[th:สหรัฐอเมริกา]] [[vi:Hoa Kỳ]] [[tg:Иёлоти Муттаҳидаи Амрико]] [[tpi:Yunaitet Stets]] [[chr:ᎠᎺᎢ]] [[tr:Amerika Birleşik Devletleri]] [[uk:Сполучені Штати Америки]] [[ur:ریاستہائے متحدہ امریکہ]] [[uz:Amerika Qo`shma Shtatlari]] [[vec:Stati Unìi d'Amèrica]] [[wa:Estats Unis]] [[yi:פאראייניקטע שטאטן פון אמעריקע]] [[yo:Orílẹ̀-Èdè Amẹ́ríkà]] [[zh-yue:美國]] [[bat-smg:JAV]] [[zh:美國]] 46 3622 2006-11-11T03:16:57Z GnuDoyng 13 [[Image:Yan_fu.jpg|thumb|150px|Ngièng Hók|right]] '''Ngièng Hók''' (嚴復, 1853 nièng 12 nguŏk 10 hô̤ - 1921 nièng 10 guŏk 27 hô̤), cê '''Gĭ-dô̤''' (幾道), [[Hók-ciŭ]]-nè̤ng, sê [[Dṳ̆ng-guók]] gê̤ṳng-dô̤i gì sṳ̆-siōng-gă, huăng-ĭk-gă. 1867 nièng, Ngièng Hók diē [[Hók-ciŭ Sùng-céng Hŏk-dòng]] hŏk-sĭk sāi sùng. 1877 nièng, ĭ liù-hŏk [[Ĭng-guók]] hŏk-sĭk hāi-gŭng, 1879 nièng duōng-lì Dṳ̆ng-guók. 1895 nièng [[Gák-ngū Hāi-ciêng]] Dṳ̆ng-guók ciêng-bâi cĭ-hâiu, ĭ kăi-sṳ̄ ciŏng cĭng sâ̤ să̤-huŏng siĕng-céng gì sṳ̆-siōng gái-siêu diē Dṳ̆ng-guók, bī-gáu chók-miàng gì huăng-ĭk cáuk-pīng ô '''''Tiĕng Iēng Lâung''''' (天演論) gâe̤ng '''''Guók Hô Lâung''''' (國富論). Ngièng Hók ciŏng ''Tiĕng Iēng Lâung'' diē-sié gì lâng guó "natural selection" gâe̤ng "survival of the fittest" hŭng-biék huăng-ĭk siàng "ŭk gêng tiĕng dĕk" (物競天擇) gâe̤ng "sék-ciā sĕng-còng" (適者生存). Ngièng Hók siōng tŭng-guó cī lâng guó uâ gó̤-só Dṳ̆ng-guók-nè̤ng, ék-diâng diŏh ôi-lāu guó-găk hô-giòng kṳ̀ng-gīng hóng-dáu, nâ-mò̤ cêu â̤ ké̤ṳk bĕk-nè̤ng kiă. Ngièng Hók huăng-ĭk să̤-huŏng cáuk-pīng, tái-dô iā nêng-cĭng. Găh ''Tiĕng Iēng Lâung'' gì sê̤ṳ diē-sié, ĭ siā gáu: "Ĭk sê̤ṳ săng nàng: Séng Dăk Ngā" (譯事三難: 信達雅). Séng, cêu sê ng-sāi gāi-biéng nguòng cáuk-ciā gì é-sé̤ṳ; Dăk, cêu sê ngṳ̄-ngiòng diŏh tŭng-sáung, hù-hák ngṳ̄-huák; Ngā, cêu sê sāi sṳ̀ cô̤ guó diŏh ô ngā-dé. Cī guó uâ dó̤i hâiu-sié īng-hiōng cĭng duâi, ék-dĭk gáu gĭng-dáng, nè̤ng ĭng-nguòng nêng-ùi "Séng" "Dăk" "Ngā" sê puáng-duáng huăng-ĭk hō̤ ngài gì biĕu-cūng (chŭi-iòng Ngièng Hók cê-gă táu-dā̤ mò̤ cūng-kuāng gōng guó). [[Category:Ìng-ŭk|Ŋ]] [[Category:Mìng-cṳ̆|Ŋ]] [[en:Yan Fu]] [[es:Yan Fu]] [[fr:Yan Fu]] [[ja:厳復]] [[zh:嚴復]] 48 3665 2006-11-12T11:06:16Z GnuDoyng 13 {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<font size="+1">'''Nĭk-buōng''' |- | align="center" colspan=2 | [[Image:LocationMapJapan.png|200px]] |- | '''Guók-gì''' | <center>[[Image:Flag of Japan.svg|150px]]</center> |- | '''Guók-hŭi''' | <center>[[Image:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg|150px]]</center> |- | '''Céng-dê cié-dô̤''' | [[Gŭng-ciō lĭk-hiéng cié]] |- | '''Liāng-dô̤''' | [[Mìng-ìng]] (Tiĕng-huòng)<br/>[[Siēu-ciòng Sùng-ék-lòng]] (Siū-sióng) |- | '''Siū-dŭ''' | [[Dĕ̤ng-gĭng]] |- | '''[[Guăng-huŏng ngṳ̄-ngiòng]]''' | [[Nĭk-ngṳ̄]] |- | '''Miêng-cék''' | 377,873 km² |- | '''Ìng-kēu''' | 128,085,000 (2005) |- | '''[[GDP]]''' | $3.911 chiĕng-é (2005) |- | '''Ìng-gĭng GDP''' | $30,615 (2005) |- |} [[Image:Satellite image of Japan in May 2003.jpg|thumb|200px|Nĭk-buōng gì [[uôi-sĭng]] sióng|left]] '''Nĭk-buōng''' (日本) sê [[Ā-ciŭ]] dĕ̤ng buô [[Tái-bìng-iòng]] lā̤ gì dō̤-[[Guók-gă|guók]], diŏh [[Dṳ̆ng-guók]], [[Dièu-siēng]] gâe̤ng [[Ngò̤-lò̤-sṳ̆]] dĕ̤ng sié. Ĭ sê sié-gái siông [[gĭng-cá̤]] dâ̤ nê giòng gì guók-gă. ==Lĭk-sṳ̄== ===Gū-dô̤i=== ===Gê̤ṳng-dô̤i=== 1854 nièng, [[Mī-guók]] hāi-gŭng ciéng iàng Nĭk-buōng, páh kŭi lāu Nĭk-buōng hióng [[Să̤-huŏng]] gì duâi-muòng. Cĭng sâ̤ Nĭk-buōng-nè̤ng kăi-sṳ̄ chĭng-chāng, nêng-ùi Nĭk-buōng gì giòng-sêng sṳ̆-iéu "liê-kŭi Ā-ciŭ" ciék-sêu Să̤-huŏng-huá. Iù-sê, Nĭk-buōng cāi-năk lāu Să̤-huŏng [[céng-dê]] gâe̤ng [[huák-lŭk]] tā̤-cié. Cī kuŏ lĭk-sṳ̄ cêu hô̤ lā̤ "'''Mìng-dê Mì-sĭng'''" (明治維新). Mìng-dê Mì-sĭng cĭ-hâiu, Nĭk-buōng sìng-ùi sié-gái có̤i giòng gì guók-gă cĭ ék, páh bâi Dṳ̆ng-guók (1894 - 1895 nièng gì [[Gák-ngū Hāi-ciéng]]) gâe̤ng Ngò̤-lò̤-sṳ̆ (1904 - 1905 nièng gì [[Nĭk-Ngò̤ ciéng-cĕng]]). Gáu [[Dâ̤-nê-huòi Sié-gái Duâi-ciéng|Nê Ciéng]] sèng-hâiu, Nĭk-buōng gióng-lĭk "Dâi Dĕ̤ng-ā Gê̤ṳng-ìng-kuŏng" (大東亞共榮圈), liāng-tū bău-guăk Nĭk-buōng buōng-tū, [[Kó-iăh Dō̤]] nàng buô, Dṳ̆ng-guók dĕ̤ng-buô, Dièu-siēng, [[Dài-uàng]], [[Nàng-iòng]] gâe̤ng Tái-bìng-iòng gì cĭng sâ̤ dê-kṳ̆. [[Image:AtomicEffects-p4.jpg|thumb|250px|Diòng-gì diŏh nguòng-cṳ̄-dâng dàu-bóng hâiu.|left]] Nĭk-buōng gì gê̤ṳng-dô̤i lĭk-sṳ̄ dŭ sê ké̤ṳk [[Gŭng-guók-ciō-ngiê]] sū tūng-dê gì, ék-dĭk gáu Nê Ciéng giék-sók: [[1945 nièng]] Mī-guók hióng Nĭk-buōng gì [[Guōng-dō̤]] gâe̤ng [[Diòng-gì]] dàu-bóng 2 lăk [[nguòng-cṳ̄-dâng]], tài sī chiĕu-guó 21 uâng nè̤ng. 8 nguŏk 15 hô̤, Nĭk-buōng dàu-hòng, Nê Ciéng iù-sê giék-sók. ===Hiêng-dô̤i=== ==Ùng-huá== [[Image:Kendo target areas.png|thumb|150px|Nĭk-buōng Giéng-dô̤|right]] Dioh gū-cā, Nĭk-buōng gì [[ùng-huá]] sêu Dṳ̆ng-guók īng-hiōng cĭng duâi, cāi-ê̤ṳng [[Háng-cê]], séng-hông [[Hŭk-gáu]] gâe̤ng [[Ṳ̀-gáu]]. Nĭk-buōng hiêng-dô̤i gì ùng-huá sê [[Dĕ̤ng-huŏng]] gâe̤ng Să̤-huŏng gì ṳ̀ng-hăk. Nĭk-buōng-nè̤ng ó̤i siăh [[ngṳ̀]], nṳ̆k gâe̤ng sŭ-chái, bī-gáu chók-miàng gì ĭng-sĭk chiông "'''sêu-sṳ̆'''" (壽司) gâe̤ng "'''lăk-miêng'''" (拉麵). Nĭk-buōng gì tā̤-ṳ̆k bī-gáu chók-miàng gì ô "'''iù-dô̤'''" (柔道), "'''kŭng-chiū-dô̤'''" (空手道) gâe̤ng "'''giéng-dô̤'''" (劍道). "'''Siŏng-páuk'''" (相撲) ék-buăng ké̤ṳk nè̤ng nêng-ùi sê Nĭk-buōng tā̤-ṳ̆k gì dô̤i-biēu. [[Category:Guók-gă]] [[Category:Ā-ciŭ]] [[af:Japan]] [[als:Japan]] [[ang:Iapan]] [[ar:اليابان]] [[an:Chapón]] [[ast:Xapón]] [[az:Yaponiya]] [[bn:জাপান]] [[zh-min-nan:Ji̍t-pún]] [[be:Японія]] [[bs:Japan]] [[br:Japan]] [[bg:Япония]] [[ca:Japó]] [[cs:Japonsko]] [[cy:Japan]] [[da:Japan]] [[de:Japan]] [[en:Japan]] [[et:Jaapan]] [[el:Ιαπωνία]] [[es:Japón]] [[eo:Japanio]] [[eu:Japonia]] [[fa:ژاپن]] [[fr:Japon]] [[ga:An tSeapáin]] [[gl:Xapón - 日本]] [[gu:જાપાન]] [[ko:일본]] [[hi:जापान]] [[hr:Japan]] [[io:Japonia]] [[ilo:Japon]] [[id:Jepang]] [[is:Japan]] [[it:Giappone]] [[he:יפן]] [[kn:ಜಪಾನ್]] [[ka:იაპონია]] [[csb:Japòńskô]] [[kw:Nihon]] [[ht:Japon]] [[ku:Japonya]] [[lo:ຍີ່ປຸ່ນ]] [[la:Iaponia]] [[lv:Japāna]] [[lb:Japan]] [[lt:Japonija]] [[li:Japan]] [[jbo:pongu'e]] [[hu:Japán]] [[mk:Јапонија]] [[mg:Japana]] [[mi:Nipono]] [[mr:जपान]] [[ms:Jepun]] [[mo:Жапония]] [[mn:Япон]] [[na:Djapan]] [[nl:Japan]] [[nds-nl:Japan]] [[ja:日本]] [[no:Japan]] [[nn:Japan]] [[nrm:Japon]] [[oc:Japon]] [[ug:ياپونىيە]] [[pam:Japan]] [[ps:جاپان]] [[nds:Japan]] [[pl:Japonia]] [[pt:Japão]] [[ro:Japonia]] [[ru:Япония]] [[se:Japána]] [[sco:Japan]] [[sq:Japonia]] [[scn:Giappuni]] [[simple:Japan]] [[sk:Japonsko]] [[sl:Japonska]] [[sr:Јапан]] [[su:Jepang]] [[fi:Japani]] [[sv:Japan]] [[tl:Hapon (bansa)]] [[ta:ஜப்பான்]] [[th:ประเทศญี่ปุ่น]] [[vi:Nhật Bản]] [[chr:ᏣᏆᏂ]] [[tr:Japonya]] [[uk:Японія]] [[uz:Yaponiya]] [[yi:יאפאן]] [[zh-yue:日本]] [[zh:日本]] 49 3594 2006-11-09T15:56:09Z GnuDoyng 13 /* Hók-ciŭ-uâ Séng-gĭng */ '''Séng-gĭng''' (聖經, [[Lá-dĭng-ngṳ̄]]: Biblica, [[Hĭ-lăk-ngṳ̄]]: Βίβλος) sê [[Iù-tái-gáu]] gâe̤ng [[Ià-sŭ-gáu]] gì [[cŭng-gáu]] gĭng-diēng, bău-guăk [[Gô-iók Séng-gĭng]] lièng [[Sĭng-iók Séng-gĭng]]. Gô-iók cêu sê Iù-tái-gáu gì [[Hĭ-báik-lài Séng-gĭng]], Sĭng-iók sê gé-lṳ̆k [[Ià-sŭ-gĭ-dók]] gâe̤ng ĭ dù-dâ̤ sū gōng gì uâ lièng sū có̤ gì dâi-gié. ==Hók-ciŭ-uâ Séng-gĭng== [[Image:Foochow Bible.gif|thumb|100px|left|[[Bàng-uâ-cê]] Séng-gĭng]] [[Name|19 sié-gī]] hâiu buáng hiăh, [[Ĭng-guók|Ĭng]] [[Mī-guók|Mī]] gáuk puái gáu-huôi hióng [[Dṳ̆ng-guók]] puái-kiēng [[diòng-gáu-sê̤ṳ]]. Ôi-lāu huăng-biêng diòng gáu, lì-gáu [[Hók-ciŭ]] gì să̤-huŏng diòng-gáu-sê̤ṳ nêng-cĭng hŏk-sĭk [[Hók-ciŭ-uâ]] bêng ciŏng Séng-gĭng huăng-ĭk siàng Hók-ciŭ-uâ tū-kiŏng bēng-buōng. Duâi-buô-hông chók-bēng-ŭk sê sāi [[Bàng-uâ-cê]] éng gì. Bī-gáu chók-miàng gì sê "Dâi-ĭng lièng Nguôi-guók Séng-cṳ̆ Huôi" (British and Foreign Bible Society) găh 1905 nièng chók-bēng gì Sĭng-iók Séng-gĭng; 3 nièng hâiu gié-sṳ̆k chók-bēng Gô-iók Séng-gĭng. ==Chăng-kō̤== * [[Gô-iók Séng-gĭng]] * [[Sĭng-iók Séng-gĭng]] [[Category:Gĭ-dók-gáu]] [[af:Bybel]] [[ar:الكتاب المقدس]] [[ast:Biblia]] [[az:Müqəddəs Kitab]] [[bm:Bibulu]] [[bn:বাইবেল]] [[zh-min-nan:Sèng-keng]] [[ba:Библия]] [[bi:Baebol]] [[bs:Biblija]] [[br:Bibl]] [[bg:Библия]] [[ca:Bíblia]] [[cv:Библи]] [[cs:Bible]] [[cy:Y Beibl]] [[ee:biblia]] [[da:Bibelen]] [[pdc:Biwwel]] [[de:Bibel]] [[en:Bible]] [[et:Piibel]] [[el:Αγία Γραφή]] [[es:Biblia]] [[eo:Biblio]] [[eu:Biblia]] [[fa:انجیل]] [[fr:Bible]] [[ga:An Bíobla]] [[gl:Biblia]] [[ki:Biblia]] [[ko:성서]] [[ha:Baibûl]] [[hy:Աստվածաշունչ]] [[hi:बाइबिल]] [[ho:Baibel]] [[hr:Biblija]] [[io:Biblo]] [[ig:Bible]] [[ilo:Biblia]] [[id:Alkitab]] [[ia:Biblia]] [[zu:IBhayibheli]] [[is:Biblían]] [[it:Bibbia]] [[he:תנ"ך]] [[ka:ბიბლია]] [[kk:Таурат және Інжіл]] [[kw:Bibel]] [[rw:Bibiliya]] [[rn:Bibiliya]] [[kg:Biblia]] [[ht:Bib]] [[ku:Încîl]] [[lad:Biblia]] [[la:Biblia]] [[lb:Bibel]] [[lt:Biblija]] [[li:Biebel]] [[ln:Biblíya]] [[lg:Baibuli]] [[hu:Biblia]] [[mk:Библија]] [[ml:ബൈബിള്‍]] [[mt:Bibbja]] [[ms:Bible]] [[mn:Библи Cудар]] [[na:Bibel]] [[fj:Ai Vola Tabu]] [[nl:Bijbel (christendom)]] [[nds-nl:Biebel]] [[ja:聖書]] [[no:Bibelen]] [[nn:Bibelen]] [[nrm:Bibl'ye]] [[om:Kitaaba]] [[ng:Ombimbeli]] [[hz:Ombeibela]] [[pa:ਬਾਈਬਲ]] [[pap:Beibel]] [[nds:Bibel]] [[pl:Biblia]] [[pt:Bíblia]] [[ro:Biblia]] [[ru:Библия]] [[sm:Ole Tusipala]] [[sg:Bible]] [[st:Bibele]] [[sq:Bibla]] [[scn:Bibbia cristiana]] [[simple:Bible]] [[sk:Biblia]] [[sl:Sveto pismo]] [[sr:Свето Писмо]] [[sh:Biblija]] [[su:Alkitab]] [[fi:Raamattu]] [[sv:Bibeln]] [[tl:Bibliya]] [[ta:விவிலியம்]] [[tt:İzge yazu]] [[th:คัมภีร์ไบเบิล]] [[vi:Kinh Thánh]] [[tg:Таврот ва Инҷил]] [[tpi:Baibel]] [[ve:Bivhili]] [[tr:Kitabı Mukaddes]] [[tw:Bible]] [[uk:Біблія]] [[uz:Muqaddas Kitob]] [[wo:Biibël]] [[ts:Bibele]] [[yi:תנ"ך]] [[yo:Bíbélì Mimọ]] [[zh:聖經]] 50 3149 2006-10-31T12:17:10Z GnuDoyng 13 '''Sĭng-iók Séng-gĭng''' (新約聖經, [[Hĭ-lăk-ngṳ̄]]: Καινή Διαθήκη) sê [[Ià-sŭ-gáu]] [[Séng-gĭng]] gì âiu buáng buô-hông, gé-lṳ̆k [[Ià-sŭ-gĭ-dók]] gâe̤ng ĭ dù-dâ̤ sū gōng gì uâ lièng sū có̤ gì dâi-gié. Ciòng cṳ̆ gê̤ṳng ô 27 guóng: *[[Mā-tái Hók Ĭng]] (馬太福音) *[[Mā-kō̤ Hók Ĭng]] (馬可福音) *[[Lô-gă Hók Ĭng]] (路加福音) *[[Iók-hâng Hók Ĭng]] (約翰福音) *[[Sé̤ṳ-dù Hèng-diông]] (使徒行傳) *[[Lò̤-mā Cṳ̆]] (羅馬書) *[[Gŏ̤-lìng-dŏ̤ Cièng Cṳ̆]] (哥林多前書) *[[Gŏ̤-lìng-dŏ̤, Hâiu Cṳ̆]] (哥林多後書) *[[Gă-lăk-tái Cṳ̆]] (加拉太書) *[[Ī-hók-sū Cṳ̆]] (以弗所書) *[[Pì-lĭk-bī Cṳ̆]] (腓力比書) *[[Gŏ̤-lò̤-să̤ Cṳ̆]] (歌羅西書) *[[Táik-sák-lò̤-nà̤-giă, Cièng Cṳ̆|Táik-sák-lò̤-nà̤-giă Cièng Cṳ̆]] (帖撒羅尼迦前書) *[[Táik-sák-lò̤-nà̤-giă, Hâiu Cṳ̆]] (帖撒羅尼迦後書) *[[Tì-mò̤-tái Cièng Cṳ̆]] (提摩太前書) *[[Tì-mò̤-tái Hâiu Cṳ̆]] (提摩太後書) *[[Tì-dŏ̤ Cṳ̆]] (提多書) *[[Pì-lé-muòng Cṳ̆]] (腓利門書) *[[Hĭ-báik-lài Cṳ̆]] (希伯來書) *[[Ngā-gáuk Cṳ̆]] (雅各書) *[[Bī-dáik Cièng Cṳ̆]] (彼得前書) *[[Bī-dáik Hâiu Cṳ̆]] (彼得後書) *[[Iók-hâng Ék Cṳ̆]] (約翰一書) *[[Iók-hâng Nê Cṳ̆]] (約翰二書) *[[Iók-hâng Săng Cṳ̆]] (約翰三書) *[[Iù-dâi Cṳ̆]] (猶大書) *[[Mĕk-sê Liŏh]] (目示錄) [[Category:Gĭ-dók-gáu]] [[ang:Nīwu Gecȳþnes]] [[ar:عهد جديد]] [[ast:Nuevu Testamentu]] [[zh-min-nan:Sin-iok Sèng-keng]] [[bs:Novi zavjet]] [[ca:Nou Testament]] [[cs:Nový zákon]] [[da:Det Ny Testamente]] [[de:Neues Testament]] [[et:Uus Testament]] [[el:Καινή Διαθήκη]] [[en:New Testament]] [[es:Nuevo Testamento]] [[eo:Nova testamento]] [[eu:Itun Berria]] [[fr:Nouveau Testament]] [[hy:Նոր Կտակարան]] [[hi:नया नियम]] [[hr:Novi zavjet]] [[id:Perjanjian Baru]] [[ia:Nove Testamento]] [[it:Nuovo Testamento]] [[he:הברית החדשה]] [[ht:Nouvo Testaman]] [[lt:Naujasis Testamentas]] [[mi:Kawenata Hōu]] [[my:ဓမ္မသစ္‌က္ယမ္‌း]] [[fj:Na Veiyalayalati Vou]] [[nl:Nieuwe Testament]] [[nds-nl:Ni'je Testement]] [[ja:新約聖書]] [[no:Det nye testamente]] [[nn:Det nye testamentet]] [[nrm:Nouvé testament]] [[ug:ئىنجىل]] [[nds:Nieg Testament]] [[pl:Nowy Testament]] [[pt:Novo Testamento]] [[ru:Новый Завет]] [[sm:O le Feagaiga Fou]] [[sg:Ngbele Testament]] [[sq:Besëlidhja e Re]] [[scn:Novu Tistamentu]] [[simple:New Testament]] [[sk:Nový zákon]] [[sr:Нови завет]] [[fi:Uusi testamentti]] [[sv:Nya Testamentet]] [[ta:புதிய ஏற்பாடு]] [[th:คำพยากรณ์ในคัมภีร์ไบเบิลใหม่]] [[vi:Tân Ước]] [[tpi:Nupela Testamen]] [[tr:Yeni Ahit]] [[zh:新約聖經]] 51 3261 2006-11-01T13:16:00Z GnuDoyng 13 /* Sṳ̆-siōng */ [[Image:Socrates Louvre.jpg|thumb|150px|Sŭ-gáh-lăk-dā̤|right]] '''Sŭ-gáh-lăk-dā̤''' (蘇格拉底, [[Hĭ-lăk-ngṳ̄]]: Σωκράτης, Sèng 470 - Sèng 399) sê [[Gū Hĭ-lăk]] gì [[Diék-hŏk|Diék-hŏk-gă]]. Ĭ tàu-dā̤ mò̤ siā guó sié-nó̤h cṳ̆, siŏh-sié-nè̤ng dŭ găh lā̤ gâe̤ng bĕk-nè̤ng dàng-uâ, tō̤-lâung bĕk-nè̤ng sṳ̆-siōng siông gì dâi-gié. Ĭ duâi-buô-hông gì sṳ̆-siōng káng-huák dŭ sê ĭ gì dâ̤-cṳ̄ [[Báik-lăk-dù]] (柏拉圖) sū gé giâ gì. Sŭ-gáh-lăk-dā̤ nêng-ùi ĭ sê có̤i chŭng-mìng gì nè̤ng, ĭng-ôi ciòng sié-gái nâ ô ĭ siŏh ciáh nè̤ng â̤ hiēu-dék cê-gă hùng-nó̤h dŭ mâ̤ hiēu. [[Image:David - The Death of Socrates.jpg|thumb|150px|Iù-uâ (1787): ''Sŭ-gáh-lăk-dā̤ cĭ Sī''|left]] Dáng-sê, dŏng-sì ô cĭng sâ̤ nè̤ng hièng-hâung Sŭ-gáh-lăk-dā̤, dĕk-biék sê [[Ngā-diēng]] céng-hū, ĭ-gáuk-nè̤ng nêng-ùi Sŭ-gáh-lăk-dā̤ gì sṳ̆-siōng dó̤i hâiu-săng-giāng ô hâi. Ngā-diēng mìng-cé̤ṳng buóh puáng sī ĭ. Hiā sèng-hâiu, Sŭ-gáh-lăk-dā̤ gì-sĭk ô gĭ-huôi liê-kŭi Ngā-diēng, hĕ̤k-ciā niông céng-hū ciŏng ĭ liù-bóng gáu bĕk-dó̤i, dáng-sê ĭ dŭ bóng-ké lāu. Bók-guó, ĭ gó sê siōng sī câi Ngā-diēng, ĭ hĭ-uông ĭ gì sī â̤ niông cē̤-nē̤ gì mìng-cé̤ṳng sêu gáu gáu-ṳ̆k. Gáu dṳ̆ng-muōi, ĭ ké̤ṳk nè̤ng táu sī kó̤. ==Sṳ̆-siōng== Sŭ-gáh-lăk-dā̤ huāng-dó̤i [[mìng-ciō]] gì céng-dê cié-dô, nêng-ùi lī-séng sê ìng-sĕng gì gŏng-gĭ, dĭ-sék sê có̤i gèng gì siêng, diék-hŏk sê có̤i gèng gì dĭ-sék. Ĭ nêng-ùi, diék-hŏk gì gŏng-buōng mŭk-dék sê "nêng-sék nṳ̄ cê-gă". Sŭ-gáh-lăk-dā̤ tàu-tàu-huòi tà̤-chók [[lò̤-cék-hŏk]] gŭi-năk gâe̤ng dêng-ngiê gì huŏng-huák, nêng-ùi "ék-buăng" găh "gó̤-biĕk" cĭ sèng, kái-niêng sāng-sĕng sê̤ṳ-ŭk. '''''Sŭ-gáh-lăk-dā̤ Dó̤i-uâ-liŏh''''' (蘇格拉底對話錄) sê iù Báik-lăk-dù gâe̤ng [[Sáik-nŏk-hŭng]] (色諾芬) sū siā gì ô-guăng Sŭ-gáh-lăk-dā̤ dó̤i-uâ gì cṳ̆. Ĭ gé-liŏh lāu Sŭ-gáh-lăk-dā̤ gâe̤ng dŏng-sì Hĭ-lăk ìng-ŭk gì dó̤i-uâ ī-gĭk ĭ gâe̤ng ĭ hŏk-sĕng cĭ-găng gì tō̤-lâung. [[Category:Ìng-ŭk]] [[Category:Diék-hŏk]] [[Category:Lĭk-sṳ̄]] [[ar:سقراط]] [[ast:Sócrates]] [[bn:সক্রেটিস]] [[ba:Сократ]] [[bs:Sokrat]] [[bg:Сократ]] [[ca:Sòcrates]] [[cs:Sókratés]] [[da:Sokrates]] [[de:Sokrates]] [[en:Socrates]] [[et:Sokrates]] [[el:Σωκράτης]] [[es:Sócrates]] [[eo:Sokrato]] [[eu:Sokrates]] [[fa:سقراط]] [[fr:Socrate]] [[ga:Sócraitéas]] [[ko:소크라테스]] [[hr:Sokrat]] [[ku:Sokrates]] [[id:Socrates]] [[ia:Socrates]] [[is:Sókrates]] [[it:Socrate]] [[he:סוקרטס]] [[ka:სოკრატე]] [[sw:Sokrates]] [[la:Socrates]] [[lt:Sokratas]] [[hu:Szókratész]] [[mk:Сократ]] [[ms:Socrates]] [[nl:Socrates]] [[ja:ソクラテス]] [[no:Sokrates]] [[nn:Sokrates]] [[ps:سقراط]] [[nds:Sokrates]] [[pl:Sokrates]] [[pt:Sócrates]] [[ro:Socrate]] [[ru:Сократ]] [[simple:Socrates]] [[sk:Sokrates]] [[sl:Sokrat]] [[sr:Сократ]] [[sh:Sokrat]] [[fi:Sokrates]] [[sv:Sokrates]] [[ta:சாக்கிரட்டீஸ்]] [[th:โสกราตีส]] [[vi:Socrates]] [[tr:Sokrates]] [[uk:Сократ]] [[wa:Socrate]] [[zh:苏格拉底]] 52 3651 2006-11-12T10:25:28Z GnuDoyng 13 [[Sṳ̀ng-chéu]] iè gáu [[Sṳ̀ng-chéu (Hók-ciŭ chê-chéu)]]: "Sṳ̀ng-chéu" kō̤-ī sê "榕樹" iâ kō̤-ī sê "松樹". [[Image:BanyanFuzhou.jpg|thumb|192px|Sṳ̀ng-chéu|right]] '''Sṳ̀ng-chéu''' (榕樹) sê siŏh cṳ̄ng mò̤ huă gì chéu, hŭng-buó găh [[Hók-gióng]], [[Dài-uàng]], [[Guōng-dĕ̤ng]], [[Mā-lài-să̤-ā]], [[Liù-giù Gùng-dō̤]], [[Ó̤-dâi-lê-ā]] dēng [[iĕk-dái]], [[ā-iĕk-dái]] [[guók-gă]] gâe̤ng dê-kṳ̆. Sṳ̀ng-chéu tā̤-cék duâi, chéu-ngă̤ sâ̤, ô ké-gṳ̆ng; ĭng-ôi ké-gṳ̆ng cĭng chiông nè̤ng gì [[chói-chiŭ]], gó-chṳ̄ [[Hók-ciŭ]]-nè̤ng giéu ĭ "sṳ̀ng-chéu-chiŭ". Sṳ̀ng-chéu siŏh nièng gáu muōi dŭ sê liŏh gì. [[Niŏh|Chéu-niŏh]] hìng-công chiông [[áh-lâung]], liŏh-sáik, iâ ô nék-giāng uòng hĕ̤k-ciā chiēng-è̤ng; guōi-cī nâung, ièng, duâi-è̤ng sáik hĕ̤k-ciā ŭ-sáik. Sṳ̀ng-chéu sĕng-mêng-lĭk giòng, â̤ uăk siàng báh nièng dŭ mâ̤ sĕng. ==Hók-ciŭ gì sṳ̀ng-chéu== Sṳ̀ng-chéu sê Hók-ciŭ gì chê-chéu. Áng tūng-gié, Hók-ciŭ dŭ niāng ô 16 uâng dău sṳ̀ng-chéu, nâ siàng-diē cêu ô chă-bók-dŏ̤ 3 uâng dău. Gó-chṳ̄, Hók-ciŭ iâ ô biék-chĭng "'''Ṳ̀ng-siàng'''" (榕城). ===Lĭk-sṳ̄=== Gé̤ṳ-sióh, găh 2,000 nièng sèng, Hók-ciŭ gì nguòng-sṳ̄ [[Mìng-uŏk-cŭ]] cêu ī-gĭng kăi-sṳ̄ kĭng cùng dièu buái sṳ̀ng-chéu lāu. [[Sóng-dièu]] sì-hâiu, Hók-ciŭ có̤ [[kă̤-cūi]]. Tái-siū [[Diŏng Báik-ngṳ̆k]] (張伯玉) tŭi-hèng "biĕng hô sĭk ṳ̀ng" (編戶植榕) gì céng-cháik, dái-liāng ciòng siàng gì Báh-sáng cà̤ căi sṳ̀ng-chéu, 3 nièng cêu căi ô siàng uâng dău. Dŏng-sì nè̤ng gōng Hók-ciŭ sê "Lṳ̆k-ĭng muāng siàng, sṳ̄ bók diŏng gái" (綠蔭滿城, 暑不張蓋). Cāi-sióng [[Lī Gŏng]] (李綱) siā gáu: "Sùi ék-huŏng cĭ mī ĭng, lài uâng-lī cĭ chĭng-hŭng" (垂一方之美蔭, 來萬里之清風). ===Hók-ciŭ sĕk-duâi gū-ṳ̀ng=== # '''Sṳ̀ng-chéu-uòng''' (榕樹王): găh [[Hók-ciŭ Chê Guók-gă Sĕng-lìng Gŭng-huòng]] diē-sié. Huói-só chă-bók-dŏ̤ 930 nièng, chéu-dău ciŭ-dòng niék-gūi mī, ciéng dê 2 muō, chéu-muōi 1,300 bìng-huŏng-mī, sê Hók-ciŭ có̤i duâi, gó giéu "sṳ̀ng-chéu-uòng". # '''Ṳ̀ng-siàng dâ̤-ék gu-ṳ̀ng''' (榕城第一古榕): găh Hók-ciŭ [[Sēng-hū Lô]] (省府路) [[Sé̤ṳk-ŭi Lô]] (肅威路) [[Puòi-siĕng Gṳ̆ng]] (裴仙宮) diē-sié. Chéu-dău ciŭ-dòng 14.4 mī, gèng 22 mī, chéu-muōi dĭk-géng 28 mī. # '''Sêu-ngàng-ṳ̀ng''' (壽岩榕): găh Hók-ciŭ [[Ṳ̀-săng]]. Chéu-dău ciŭ-dòng 9.1 mī, gèng 30 mī, chéu-muōi dĭk-géng 40 mī. Ciā sṳ̀ng-chéu bòng-biĕng gì ngàng-biáh gèng-dēng káik lāu siŏh ciáh cê-géng ô 2.22 mī gì "Sêu" (壽) cê, gé̤ṳ diòng-sióh sê [[Chĭng-dièu]] [[Dô̤-guŏng]] nièng-găng ([[1836 nièng]]) sū káik gì. # '''Ìng-cê-ṳ̀ng''' (人字榕): găh Hók-ciŭ [[Iòng-giò Lô]] (楊橋路) [[Gŏ̤-hŭng Giò]] (高峰橋) bòng-biĕng. Chéu-dău ciŭ-dòng 7.85 mī, gèng 20 mī, chéu-muōi dĭk-géng 25 mī. Ĭng diŏh siŏh dèu sṳ̀ng-chéu-chiŭ piĕu gáu dó̤i-ngâng, siŏh chéu kià lâng ngâng, cĭng chiông siŏh ciáh "Ìng" (人) cê. # '''Dṳ̆ng-guók Ták-ṳ̀ng''' (中國塔榕): găh Hók-ciŭ [[Mā-muōi]] [[Lò̤-sìng Táh]] (羅星塔) bòng-biĕng. Chéu-dău ciŭ-dòng 4.14 mī, gèng 7 mī, chéu-muōi dĭk-géng 19 mī. # '''Huà-lìng Sê gū-ṳ̀ng''' (華林寺古榕): găh Hók-ciŭ [[Huà-lìng Lô]] (華林路) [[Hók-gióng Sēng-céng-hū|Sēng-céng-hū]] muòng-kāu. Chéu-dău ciŭ-dòng 5.96 mī, gèng 22 mī, chéu-muōi dĭk-géng 26 mī. Gé̤ṳ-sióh sê [[Sóng-dièu|Báe̤k-sóng]] nièng-găng sū sĭk. # '''Gáh-tiĕng-hâ ṳ̀ng''' (甲天下榕): găh Hók-ciŭ [[Chŏng-săng]] [[Hiŏng-cék Sê]] (香積寺) bòng-biĕng, mèng hióng [[Mìng-gĕ̤ng]]. Chéu-dău ciŭ-dòng 9.35 mī, gèng 20 mī, chéu-muōi dĭk-géng 38 mī. # '''Tái-săng-ṳ̀ng''' (泰山榕): găh Hók-ciŭ [[Céng-ăng]] siàng-muòng gì [[Tái-săng Miêu]] (泰山廟) bòng-biĕng, ô 2 dău. Báe̤k-sié gì siŏh dău chéu-dău ciŭ-dòng 4.5 mī, gèng 14 mī, chéu-muōi dĭk-géng 17 mī; nàng-sié gì siŏh dău chéu-dău ciŭ-dòng 3.6 mī, gèng 16 mī, chéu-muōi dĭk-géng 19 mī. # '''Uông-lṳ̀ng-dài gū-ṳ̀ng''' (望龍臺古榕): găh Hók-ciŭ [[Mìng-gĕ̤ng Gŭng-huòng]] diē-sié. Chéu-dău ciŭ-dòng 6 mī, gèng 13 mī, chéu-muōi dĭk-géng 30 mī. # Ô 2 dău bêng-liĕk dâ̤ sĕk miàng: :* '''Sĕ̤ng-pău-hăk-bô̤-ṳ̀ng''' (雙抛合抱榕): găh Hók-ciŭ Iòng-giò Lô [[Sĕ̤ng-păo Giò]] (雙抛橋). Chéu-dău ciŭ-dòng 4.65 mī, gèng 20 mī, chéu-muōi dĭk-géng 28 mī. Gé̤ṳ diòng-sióh, gū-cā sèng-hâiu ô siŏh hăk nàng nṳ̄ iù giò lā̤ dàu-cūi cê̤ṳ-sák, cĭ-hâiu lâng ngâng săng chók 2 dău sṳ̀ng-chéu, bī-chṳ̄ siŏng bô̤. :* '''Lṳ̀ng-chiòng-ṳ̀ng''' (龍墻榕): găh Hók-ciŭ [[Báik-ék-chék Báe̤k-lô]] (八一七北路) [[Ăng-tái Ò̤]] (安泰河) biĕng [[Ciŏ-ciē Huōng]] (朱紫坊). Chéu-dău ciŭ-dòng 6.12 mī, gèng 20 mī, chéu-muōi dĭk-géng 20 mī. [[Category:Sĭk-ŭk]] [[Category:Mìng-cṳ̆]] [[de:Banyan-Feige]] [[en:Banyan]] [[es:Baniano]] [[fi:Banian]] [[fr:Figuier des Banyans]] [[ja:ガジュマル]] [[no:Banyan]] [[sq:Ficus benghalensis]] [[sv:Banyan]] [[vi:Cây đa]] [[zh:榕樹]] 53 783 2006-10-03T00:57:57Z Incubator import 18 [[Test-wp/cdo/Template:Mìng-dṳ̆ng sĕk ĭk]] moved to [[Template:Mìng-dṳ̆ng sĕk ĭk]] <br clear="all" /> {| align="center" class="toccolours" cellspacing="0" |- bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | align="center" | '''Mìng-dṳ̆ng sĕk ĭk''' {| | align="center" style="font-size: 90%; vertical-align: top;" | [[Bìng-nàng]] | [[Diòng-lŏ̤h]] | [[Hók-chiăng]] | [[Hók-ciŭ]] | [[Īng-tái]] <br/> [[Lièng-gŏng]] | [[Lò̤-nguòng]] | [[Mìng-âiu]] | [[Mìng-chiăng]] | [[Kŭ-chèng]] |- |} |} 54 3693 2006-11-16T13:23:58Z GnuDoyng 13 /* Organisms */ Cī diŏng mŭk-liŏh sê Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄ Wikipedia găi-dŏng ô gì ùng-ciŏng liĕk-biēu. Nṳ̄ iâ â̤-sāi ciŏng sĭng gì dèu-mŭk miàng gă-tiĕng áng lôi gă-tiĕng diŏh â-dā̤. ''Cé̤ṳ-é: cī diŏng biēu gó muôi huăng-ĭk hō̤.'' ==Ìng-ŭk== ===Ngiê-sŭk-gă=== # [[Huàng Gŏ̤]] (Vincent van Gogh) # [[Mī-kăi-lòng-gĭ-lò̤]] (Michelangelo) # [[Bék-gă-só̤h]] (Pablo Picasso) # [[Lùng-buŏk-lōng]] (Rembrandt) # [[Ūi-lá-sê̤ṳ-kūi-cṳ̀]] (Diego Velázquez) # [[Dăk Hŭng-gì]] (Leonardo da Vinci) # [[Tái-năk]] (Joseph Mallord William Turner) ===Ĭng-ngŏk-gă=== # [[Bă-háik]] (Johann Sebastian Bach) # [[Buói-dŏ̤-hŭng]] (Ludwig van Beethoven) # [[Mŏk-cáh-dĕk]] (Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart) # [[Muòng-dáik-ī-sĕ̤ng]] (Felix Mendelssohn) ===Táng-hiēng-gă=== # [[Roald Amundsen]] # [[Jacques Cartier]] # [[Gŏ̤-lùng-buó]] (Christopher Columbus) # [[Hernán Cortés]] # [[Francis Drake]] # [[Vasco da Gama]] # [[Edmund Hillary]] # [[Ferdinand Magellan]] # [[Mā-kō̤ Pŏ̤-lò̤]] (Marco Polo) ===Céng-dê-gă=== # [[Akbar the Great]] # [[Ā-lĭk-săng-dâi Dâi-dá̤]] (Alexander the Great) # [[Ăng-nàng]] (Kofi Annan) # [[Augustus]] # [[Silvio Berlusconi]] # [[Otto von Bismarck]] # [[Tony Blair]] # [[Simón Bolívar]] # [[George W. Bush]] # [[Julius Caesar]] # [[Hugh Capet of France]] # [[Fidel Castro]] # [[Charlemagne]] # [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor]] # [[Jacques Chirac]] # [[Winston Churchill]] # [[Cleopatra]] # [[Elizabeth I of England]] # [[Franz Ferdinand]] # [[Mahatma Gandhi]] # [[Charles de Gaulle]] # [[Ernesto Che Guevara]] # [[Hirohito]] # [[Adolf Hitler]] # [[Genghis Khan]] # [[Martin Luther King, Jr.]] # [[Vladimir Lenin]] # [[Louis XIV of France]] # [[Nelson Mandela]] # [[Mao Zedong]] # [[Benito Mussolini]] # [[Napoleon]] # [[Kwame Nkrumah]] # [[Peter I of Russia]] # [[Phillip II of Spain]] # [[Józef Piłsudski]] # [[Pol Pot]] # [[Richard I of England]] # [[Franklin Delano Roosevelt]] # [[Saladin]] # [[Gerhard Schröder]] # [[Shaka Zulu]] # [[Sitting Bull]] # [[Josef Stalin]] # [[Tamerlane]] # [[Leon Trotsky]] # [[Harry Truman]] # [[Tutankhamun]] # [[Victoria of the United Kingdom]] # [[Lech Wałęsa]] # [[Wilhelm II]] # [[William I of England]] ===Kuŏ-hŏk-gă=== # [[Al-Khawarizmi]] # [[Archimedes]] # [[Nicolaus Copernicus]] # [[Charles Darwin]] # [[Thomas Alva Edison]] # [[Albert Einstein]] # [[Fibonacci]] # [[Henry Ford]] # [[Galileo Galilei]] # [[Bill Gates]] # [[Karl Friedrich Gauss]] # [[Johannes Gutenberg]] # [[Nikolai Lobachevsky]] # [[Isaac Newton]] # [[Blaise Pascal]] # [[Claudius Ptolemaeus]] # [[Pythagoras]] # [[Wright Brothers]] ===Cáuk-gă gâe̤ng sṳ̆-siōng-gă=== # [[Dáng-dĭng]] (Dante Alighieri) # [[Ā-lī-sê̤ṳ-dŏ̤-dáik]] (Aristotle) # [[Ā-lī-sṳ̆-táuk-hŭng]] (Aristophanes) # [[Isaiah Berlin]] # [[Miguel de Cervantes]] # [[Kūng-cṳ̄]] (Confucius) # [[Dĭk-káh-ī]] (René Descartes) # [[Diogenes of Sinope]] # [[Gŏ̤-dáik]] (Johann Wolfgang von Goethe) # [[Hĭ-lò̤-dŏ̤-dáik]] (Herodotus) # [[Hippocrates]] # [[Hò̤-mā]] (Homer) # [[Ṳ̄-guō]] (Victor Hugo) # [[Kŏng-dáik]] (Immanuel Kant) # [[Lō̤-cṳ̄]] (Lao Tzu) # [[Mā-dĭng Lô-dáik]] (Martin Luther) # [[Mā-káik-sṳ̆]] (Karl Marx) # [[Molière]] # [[Montesquieu]] # [[Báik-lăk-dù]] (Plato) # [[Lò̤-só]] (Bertrand Russell) # [[Să-sê̤ṳ-bī-ā]] (William Shakespeare) # [[Adam Smith]] # [[Sŭ-gáh-lăk-dā̤]] (Socrates) # [[Sŏng-cṳ̄]][[Sun Tzu]] # [[Virgil]] # [[Hŭk-ī-tái]] (Voltaire) # [[Zeno of Citium]] # [[Zeno of Elea]] ==Lĭk-sṳ̄== * [[Lĭk-sṳ̄]] ===Sṳ̄-cièng gâe̤ng gū-cā sié-gái=== # [[Gū Ăi-gĭk]] (Ancient Egypt) # [[Gū Hĭ-lăk]] (Ancient Greece) # [[Gū Lò̤-mā]] (Ancient Rome) # [[Archaeology]] # [[Bronze Age]] # [[Byzantine Empire]] # [[Human evolution]] # [[Indus Valley Civilization]] # [[Iron Age]] # [[Macedonian Empire]] # [[Mesoamerica]] # [[Prehistory]] # [[Seljuk Empire]] # [[Stone Age]] # [[Sumer]] ===Middle Ages and Renaissance=== # [[American Revolutionary War]] # [[Black Death]] # [[British Empire]] # [[Counter-Reformation]] # [[Crusade]] # [[Dutch Revolt]] # [[East-West Schism]] # [[English Civil War]] # [[Enlightenment]] # [[European colonization of the Americas]] # [[French Revolution]] # [[Holy Roman Empire]] # [[Inca]] # [[Middle Ages]] # [[Ming Dynasty]] # [[Mughal Empire]] # [[Ottoman Empire]] # [[Partitions of Poland]] # [[Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth]] # [[Protestant Reformation]] # [[Renaissance]] # [[Vikings]] # [[Yuan Dynasty]] ===Industrial age=== # [[1973 oil crisis]] # [[Afghan-Soviet War]] # [[American Civil War]] # [[Apartheid]] # [[British Raj]] # [[Chinese Civil War]] # [[Cold War]] # [[Decolonization]] # [[Dissolution of the Soviet Union]] # [[Establishment of the State of Israel]] # [[Franco-Prussian War]] # [[German unification]] # [[Great Depression]] # [[Gulf War]] # [[Holocaust]] # [[Imperial Russia]] # [[Indian Independence Movement]] # [[Industrial Revolution]] # [[Iranian Revolution]] # [[Italian unification]] # [[Korean War]] # [[Meiji Restoration]] # [[Napoleonic Wars]] # [[Nazi Germany]] # [[Partition of India]] # [[Qing Dynasty]] # [[Reunification of Germany]] # [[Russian Civil War]] # [[Russian Revolution]] # [[Scramble for Africa]] # [[Solidarity]] # [[Space exploration]] # [[Spanish Civil War]] # [[Treaty of Versailles]] # [[Vietnam War]] # [[World War I]] # [[World War II]] ==Geography== # [[Geography]] # [[City]] # [[Continent]] # [[Country]] # [[Desert]] # [[Mountain]] # [[Ocean]] # [[Region]] # [[River]] # [[Sea]] ===Ciŭ=== # [[Ā-ciŭ]] (Asia) # [[Báe̤k Mī-ciŭ]] (North America) # [[Dâi-iòng-ciŭ]] (Oceania) # [[Ĕu-ciŭ]] (Europe) # [[Hĭ-ciŭ]] (Africa) # [[Nàng-gĭk-ciŭ]] (Antarctica) # [[Nàng Mī-ciŭ]] (South America) ===Countries=== One sentence and the table on all countries in [[:en:List_of_countries|this list]]. ===Cities=== # [[Athens]] # [[Baghdad]] # [[Bangkok]] # [[Beijing]] # [[Berlin]] # [[Buenos Aires]] # [[Cairo]] # [[Hong Kong]] # [[Istanbul]] # [[Jerusalem]] # [[London]] # [[Madrid]] # [[Manila]] # [[Mecca]] # [[Mexico City]] # [[Moscow]] # [[Mumbai]] # [[New York]] # [[Paris]] # [[Rio de Janeiro]] # [[Rome]] # [[São Paulo]] # [[Seoul]] # [[Shanghai]] # [[St. Petersburg]] # [[Tehran]] # [[Tokyo]] # [[Vienna]] # [[Washington, D.C.]] ===Bodies of water=== # [[Amazon River]] # [[Antarctic Ocean]] # [[Arctic Ocean]] # [[Atlantic Ocean]] # [[Baltic Sea]] # [[Black Sea]] # [[Great Barrier Reef]] # [[Great Lakes]] # [[Indian Ocean]] # [[Lake Baikal]] # [[Lake Tanganyika]] # [[Lake Titicaca]] # [[Mediterranean Sea]] # [[Mississippi River]] # [[Niagara Falls]] # [[Nile]] # [[North Sea]] # [[Pacific Ocean]] ===Mountains, valleys and deserts=== # [[Alps]] # [[Andes]] # [[Grand Canyon]] # [[Himalaya]] # [[Sahara Desert]] ==Society== ===Family=== # [[Family]] # [[Boy]] # [[Child]] # [[Girl]] # [[Man]] # [[Woman]] # [[Elder]] ===Politics=== # [[Politics]] # [[Anarchism]] # [[Capitalism]] # [[Communism]] # [[Democracy]] # [[Dictatorship]] # [[Diplomacy]] # [[Fascism]] # [[Globalization]] # [[Imperialism]] # [[Liberalism]] # [[Monarchy]] # [[Nationalism]] # [[Socialism]] ===International organizations=== # [[African Union]] # [[Association of Southeast Asian Nations]] (ASEAN) # [[Arab League]] # [[Commonwealth of Independent States]] # [[Commonwealth of Nations]] # [[Council of Europe]] #* [[European Convention on Human Rights]] #* [[European Court of Human Rights]] # [[European Union]] # [[Geneva Conventions]] #* [[International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement]] # [[Interpol]] # [[North Atlantic Treaty Organisation]] (NATO) # [[Nobel Prize]] # [[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development]] (OECD) # [[Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe]] (OSCE) # [[Olympic Games]], preferably with a mention of the [[Paralympic Games]] # [[Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries]] (OPEC) # [[Organization of American States]] # [[United Nations]] #* [[International Atomic Energy Agency]] (IAEA) #* [[International Monetary Fund]] (IMF) #* [[International Court of Justice]] #* [[International Criminal Court]] #* [[World Health Organization]] (WHO) #* [[World Trade Organization]] (WTO) #* [[United Nations Children's Fund]] (UNICEF) #* [[United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization]] (UNESCO) #* [[Universal Declaration of Human Rights]] #* [[World Bank Group]] ===Social issues=== # [[Abortion]] # [[Birth control]] # [[Capital punishment]] # [[Freedom]] # [[Human rights]] # [[Peace]] # [[Racism]] # [[Sexism]] # [[Slavery]] # [[War]] ==Culture== At least three sentences on: # [[Culture]] # [[Art]] #* [[Comics]] #* [[Sculpture]] # [[Dance]] # [[Film]] # [[Music]] #* [[Classical music]] #* [[Folk music]] #* [[Jazz]] #* [[Pop music]] #* [[Rock and roll]] # [[Radio]] # [[Television]] ===Architecture=== # [[Architecture]] # [[Arch]] # [[Bridge]] # [[Dome]] # [[Great Wall of China]] # [[Nail]] # [[Pyramid]] # [[Seven Wonders of the World]] # [[Taj Mahal]] ===Games, sports and activities=== # [[Athletics]] # [[Gambling]] # [[Game]] #* [[Backgammon]] #* [[Checkers]] #* [[Chess]] #* [[Dice]] #* [[Go]] #* [[Mancala]] #* [[Playing card]]s # [[Sport]] #* [[Basketball]] #* [[Fencing]] #* [[Formula One]] #* [[Soccer]] #* [[Tennis]] # [[Swimming]] ===Language and literature=== # [[Language]] #* [[Arabic language]] #* [[Bahasa Indonesia]] #* [[Chinese language]] #* [[Dutch language]] #* [[English language]] #* [[Esperanto]] #* [[French language]] #* [[German language]] #* [[Greek language]] #* [[Hindi]] #* [[Italian language]] #* [[Japanese language]] #* [[Korean language]] #* [[Latin]] #* [[Portuguese language]] #* [[Russian language]] #* [[Sanskrit]] #* [[Spanish language]] #* [[Urdu]] # [[Literature]] #* [[The Book of One Thousand and One Nights]] #* [[The Divine Comedy]] #* [[Don Quixote]] #* [[Iliad]] #* [[Odyssey]] #* [[The Republic]] ===Philosophy=== # [[Philosophy]] # [[Aesthetics]] # [[Body]] # [[Consciousness]] # [[Free will]] # [[Humanism]] # [[Metaphysics]] # [[Mind]] # [[Reality]] # [[Truth]] # [[Epistemology]] # [[Ethics]] # [[Feminism]] ===Religion=== # [[Religion]] At least a five-sentence introduction to the religions: # [[Baha'i]] # [[Buddhism]] #* [[Gautama Buddha]] # [[Christianity]] #* [[Bible]] #* [[Church]] #* [[Jesus]] #* [[Pope]] # [[Confucianism]] # [[Hinduism]] #* [[Brahman]] #* [[Krishna]] #* [[Shiva]] #* [[Upanishad]] #* [[Veda]] #* [[Yoga]] # [[Islam]] #* [[Mosque]] #* [[Muhammad]] #* [[Qur'an]] # [[Jainism]] # [[Judaism]] #* [[Abraham]] #* [[Moses]] #* [[Torah]] # [[Shinto]] # [[Sikhism]] #* [[Guru Granth Sahib]] # [[Taoism]] #* [[Tao Te Ching]] # [[Zoroastrianism]] #* [[Zoroaster]] # [[Voodoo]] And an introduction to the concepts: # [[Agnosticism]] # [[Atheism]] # [[Deity]] #* [[God]] #* [[Goddess]] # [[Religious fundamentalism]] # [[Soul]] # [[Spirit]] # [[Theism]] ## [[Monotheism]] ## [[Polytheism]] ==Science== At least a five-sentence introduction to the major fields: # [[Science]] ===Astronomy=== # [[Astronomy]] # [[Big Bang]] # [[Solar system]] #* [[Earth]] #** [[Moon]] #* [[Jupiter]] #* [[Mars]] #* [[Mercury (planet)]] #* [[Neptune]] #* [[Pluto]] #* [[Saturn]] #* [[Sun]] #* [[Uranus (planet)|Uranus]] #* [[Venus (planet)|Venus]] # [[Galaxy]] #* [[Milky Way]] # [[Planet]] # [[Star]] ===Biology=== # [[Asexual reproduction]] # [[Biology]] # [[Ecology]] # [[Sexual reproduction]] #* [[Pregnancy]] #** [[Embryo]] #** [[Fetus]] #** [[Placenta]] ====Anatomy==== # [[Anatomy]] # [[Heart]] # [[Lung]] # [[Vagina]] # [[Penis]] # [[Kidney]] # [[Stomach]] # [[Liver]] # [[Spleen]] # [[Intestine]] # [[Skeleton]] # [[Breast]] # [[Skin]] # [[Head]] #* [[Eye]] #* [[Mouth]] #* [[Ear]] #* [[Brain]] # [[Arm]] #* [[Elbow]] #* [[Wrist]] #* [[Hand]] #* # [[Finger]] #* # [[Thumb]] # [[Leg]] #* [[Knee]] #* [[Ankle]] #* [[Foot]] #* # [[Toe]] ====Food and drink==== #* [[Food]] #* [[Barley]] #* [[Bread]] #* [[Cheese]] #* [[Fruit]] #* [[Maize]] #* [[Meat]] #* [[Oat]] #* [[Rice]] #* [[Sorghum]] #* [[Soya bean]] #* [[Vegetable]] #* [[Wheat]] # [[Drink]] #* [[Beer]] #* [[Coffee]] #* [[Tea]] #* [[Water]] #* [[Wine]] ====Medicine==== # [[Medicine]] # [[Health]] # [[Illness]] #* [[Blindness]] #* [[Deafness]] #* [[Infectious disease]] #* [[Mental illness]] #* [[Heart disease]] #* [[Cancer]] #* [[Malnutrition]] #* [[Starvation]] #* [[Obesity]] #* [[Cholera]] #* [[Tuberculosis]] #* [[AIDS]] #* [[Smallpox]] #* [[Malaria]] #* [[Dysentery]] #* [[Leprosy]] # Medical treatment #* [[Medication]] #* [[Vaccination]] #* [[Surgery]] ====Organisms==== # [[Organism]] # [[Dông-ŭk]] (Animal) #* [[Cēu]] (Bird) #** [[Lō̤-iŏk]] (Eagle) #* [[Ngṳ̀]] (Fish) #* [[Tè̤ng]] (Insect) #* [[Mammal]] #** [[Hṳ̀ng]] (Bear) #** [[Lŏk-dò̤]] (Camel) #** [[Mà]] (Cat) #** [[Ngù]] (Cattle) #** [[Kēng]] (Dog) #** [[Chiông]] (Elephant) #** [[Mā]] (Horse) #** [[Nè̤ng]] (Human) #** [[Săi]] (Lion) #** [[Iòng]] (Sheep) #* [[Bà-hèng dông-ŭk]] (Reptile) #** [[Kṳ̄ng-lṳ̀ng]] (Dinosaur) #** [[Siè]] (Snake) # [[Archaea]] # [[Bacteria]] # [[Fungus]] # [[Sĭk-ŭk]] (Plant) #* [[Huă]] (Flower) #* [[Chéu]] (Tree) # [[Protist]] ===Chemistry and geology=== # [[Chemistry]] # [[Geology]] # [[Acid]] # [[Alkali]] # [[Chemical element]] #* [[Periodic table]] # [[Chemical reaction]] # [[Compound]] # [[Metal]] #* [[Alloy]] #** [[Brass]] #** [[Bronze]] #** [[Steel]] #* [[Aluminium]] #* [[Copper]] #* [[Gold]] #* [[Iron]] #* [[Silver]] #* [[Tin]] #* [[Zinc]] # [[Mineral]] #* [[Chalk]] #* [[Diamond]] #* [[Flint]] #* [[Granite]] #* [[Quartz]] #* [[Sandstone]] #* [[Sodium chloride]] # [[Molecule]] # [[Oil]] # [[Organic chemistry]] # [[pH]] # [[Salt]] ===Physics=== # [[Physics]] # [[Acceleration]] # [[Area]] # [[Atom]] #* [[Electron]] #* [[Proton]] #* [[Neutron]] # [[Atomic theory]] # [[Electricity]] # [[Energy]] # [[Force]] # [[Gravity]] # [[Heat]] # [[Length]] # [[Light]] #* [[Black]] #* [[Color]] #** [[Blue]] #** [[Green]] #** [[Red]] #** [[Yellow]] #* [[White]] # [[Magnetism]] # [[Mass]] # [[Newton's laws of motion]] # [[Particle physics]] # [[Photon]] # [[Quantum mechanics]] # [[Relativity]] # [[Thermodynamics]] # [[Time]] # [[Velocity]] ===Weather and climate=== # [[Weather]] # [[Climate]] # [[Avalanche]] # [[Cloud]] # [[Drought]] # [[Earthquake]] # [[ENSO]] # [[Flood]] # [[Global warming]] # [[Meteorology]] # [[Nuclear meltdown]] # [[Rain]] # [[Snow]] # [[Tornado]] # [[Tropical cyclone]] # [[Tsunami]] # [[Volcano]] ==Technology== # [[Technology]] # [[Invention]] # [[Agriculture]] #* [[Tobacco]] #Human use of [[fire]] # [[Clothing]] #* [[Cotton]] # [[Metallurgy]] # [[Writing]] # [[Alphabet]] # [[Ship]] # [[Sail]] # [[Inclined plane]] # [[Wheel]] # [[Pulley]] # [[Lever]] # [[Screw]] # [[Wedge]] # [[Weapon]] #* [[Gun]] #* [[Axe]] #* [[Sword]] #* [[Longbow]] # [[Explosive]]s #* [[Gunpowder]] # [[Bicycle]] # [[Steam engine]] # [[Train]] # [[Automobile]] # [[Electricity]] # [[Electronics]] # [[Electric motor]] # [[Telephone]] # [[Aircraft]] # [[Computer]] #* [[Personal computer]] (PC) #* [[Mainframe]] #* [[Handheld]] # [[Operating system]] #* [[Linux]] #* [[Unix]] #* [[Microsoft Windows]] #* [[Mac OS]] #* [[MS-DOS]] (still very much used in developing countries) # [[Laser]] # [[Internet]] #* [[WWW]] #* [[FTP]] #* [[HTTP]] #* [[Ethernet]] #* [[Electronic mail]] (e-mail) #* [[computer virus|virus]] #* [[search service]] #* [[Internet service provider]] (ISP) ==Mathematics== # [[Mathematics]] # [[Number]] #* [[Natural number]] #* [[Integer]] #* [[Rational number]] #* [[Real number]] #* [[Complex number]] # [[Geometry]] # [[Algebra]] #* [[Equation]] #* [[Variable]] #* [[Proof]] # [[Calculus]] # [[Trigonometry]] # [[Calendar]] # [[Set theory]] # [[Logic]] If you support this effort, please add to the list. We can then decide what the basic sentences can be for each article. [[ast:Wikipedia:Llista d'artículos que toa Wikipedia tien que tener]] [[bs:Wikipedia:1000 članaka]] [[ca:Viquipèdia:Llistat d'articles que totes les llengües haurien de tenir]] [[cs:Wikipedie:1000 nejdůležitějších článků]] [[cy:Wicipedia:Rhestr erthyglau sy'n angenrheidiol yn holl ieithoedd]] [[da:Wikipedia:Liste over artikler vi bør have]] [[de:Wikipedia:Artikel, die es in allen Wikipedias geben sollte]] [[el:Βικιπαίδεια:Κατάλογος άρθρων που όλες οι γλώσσες πρέπει να έχουν]] [[en:Wikipedia:List of articles all languages should have]] [[eo:Vikipedio:Listo de havendaj artikoloj]] [[es:Wikipedia:Lista de artículos que toda Wikipedia debería tener]] [[fi:Wikipedia:Luettelo keskeisistä tietosanakirja-artikkeleista]] [[fr:Wikipédia:Liste d'articles que toutes les encyclopédies devraient avoir]] [[fur:Wikipedia:Liste dai articui che dutis lis vichipedîs a varessin di vê]] [[ga:Vicipéid:Liosta de ábhair is gá ag gach uilig Vicipéid]] [[gl:Wikipedia:Lista de artigos que toda Wikipedia debera ter]] [[gu:વિકિપીડિયા:દરેક ભાષાના વિકિપીડિયામાં હોય એવા પ્રારંભિક લેખોની યાદી]] [[he:ויקיפדיה:מאמרים חיוניים]] [[hi:विकिपीडिया:कुछ प्रारंभिक लेख जो कि हर भाषा के विकिपीडिया में होने चाहिए]] [[hu:Wikipédia:Ezer fontos cikk]] [[hy:Wikipedia:1000 հոդվածներ, որոնք կարևոր են բոլոր լեզուներով հանրագիտարանների համար]] [[id:Wikipedia:Artikel yang perlu dimiliki Wikipedia seluruh bahasa]] [[it:Wikipedia:Lista degli articoli che tutte le Wikipedie devono avere]] [[ja:Wikipedia:すべての言語版にあるべき項目の一覧]] [[jbo:Wikipedia:liste pe le tcevai ckupau]] [[ko:위키백과:모든 언어의 위키백과마다 꼭 있어야 하는 문서 목록]] [[ku:Wîkîpediya:Gotar ku ji bo hemû Wîkîpediyayan pêwîst in]] [[la:Vicipaedia:Articuli quos omnes Vicipaediae habeant]] [[li:Wikipedia:Lies van artikele die elke Wikipedia moot höbbe]] [[lt:Wikipedia:Sąrašas straipsnių, būtinų visomis kalbomis]] [[lv:Wikipedia:Raksti, kuriem vajadzētu būt visu valodu Vikipēdijās]] [[ms:Wikipedia:Senarai artikel semua bahasa perlu ada]] [[nb:Wikipedia:Liste over artikler vi bør ha]] [[nl:Wikipedia:Artikelen die elke Wikipedia zou moeten hebben]] [[nn:Wikipedia:Liste over artiklar vi bør ha]] [[pl:Wikipedia:Strony, które powinna mieć każda Wikipedia]] [[pt:Wikipedia:Lista dos 1000 artigos essenciais]] [[ro:Wikipedia:Listă de articole pe care ar trebui să le aibă fiecare Wikipedie]] [[ru:Википедия:Список статей, которые должны быть во всех языковых версиях]] [[scn:Wikipedia:Articuli nicissari]] [[sk:Wikipedia:1000 najdôležitejších článkov]] [[sl:Wikipedija:Članki, ki bi jih morala imeti vsaka Wikipedija]] [[sr:Википедија:Списак чланака које српска Википедија треба да има]] [[uk:Wikipedia:Статті які повинні бути у всіх вікіпедіях]] [[th:วิกิพีเดีย:รายชื่อบทความที่ควรมี]] [[tr:Vikipedi:Her vikipedide olması gereken makaleler]] [[zh:Wikipedia:所有維基都應該有的條目]] 55 3259 2006-11-01T13:15:15Z GnuDoyng 13 /* Sṳ̆-siōng */ [[Image:Sanzio 01 Plato Aristotle.jpg|thumb|150px|[[Lăk-hī-ī]] (拉斐爾) uâ gì '''''Ngā-diēng Hŏk-iêng''''': [[Báik-lăk-dù]] (cō) gâe̤ng Ā-lī-sê̤ṳ-dŏ̤-dáik (êu). Báik-lăk-dù chiū bī tiĕng, dô̤i-biēu ĭ siŏng-séng chiĕu-uŏk gāng-gáuk gì cĭng-lī; Ā-lī-sê̤ṳ-dŏ̤-dáik chiū bī dê, siŏh-mìng dĭ-sék cĭng-lī găi-dŏng téng gāng-guăng gì guăng-chák dáik diŏh.|right]] '''Ā-lī-sê̤ṳ-dŏ̤-dáik''' (亞裏士多德, [[Hĭ-lăk-ngṳ̄]]: Ἀριστοτέλης, Sèng 384 - Sèng 322 nièng) sê [[Gū Hĭ-lăk]] [[Mì-sĭng-ciō-ngiê|mì-sĭng-ciō-ngiê]] [[Diék-hŏk|diék-hŏk-gă]]. Ĭ sê [[Báik-lăk-dù]] (柏拉圖) gì hŏk-sĕng, [[Ā-lĭk-săng-dâi Dâi-dá̤]] (亞歷山大大帝) gì sĭng-săng. Ā-lĭk-săng-dâi Dâi-dá̤ guó-sié hâiu, [[Ngā-diēng]] huák-sĕng huāng [[Mā-gì-dáung]] gì ông-dông, gó-chṳ̄ Ā-lī-sê̤ṳ-dŏ̤-dáik liê-kŭi Ngā-diēng, cĭ-hâiu mò̤ nuâi òng ĭ cêu bâng sī lāu. ==Sṳ̆-siōng== Ā-lī-sê̤ṳ-dŏ̤-dáik ké̤ṳk ĭ sĭng-săng Báik-lăk-dù gì diék-hŏk káng-huák mâ̤ siŏh-iông. Ĭ nêng-ùi, iù gāng-gáuk sū dáik diŏh gì dĭ-sék gâing dê̤ṳng-iéu. Cī cṳ̄ng guăng-diēng sê hâiu-sié gūi-báh nièng gì [[kuŏ-hŏk]] ngiēng-géu huŏng-huák gì gĭ-chū. [[Category:Ìng-ŭk|A]] [[Category:Diék-hŏk|A]] [[Category:Lĭk-sṳ̄|A]] [[ar:أرسطو]] [[ast:Aristóteles]] [[bn:অ্যারিস্টটল]] [[zh-min-nan:Aristotélēs]] [[ba:Аристотель]] [[bs:Aristotel]] [[bg:Аристотел]] [[ca:Aristòtil]] [[cs:Aristotelés]] [[da:Aristoteles]] [[de:Aristoteles]] [[et:Aristoteles]] [[el:Αριστοτέλης]] [[en:Aristotle]] [[es:Aristóteles de Estagira]] [[eo:Aristotelo]] [[eu:Aristoteles]] [[fa:ارسطو]] [[fr:Aristote]] [[ga:Arastotail]] [[gd:Aristotle]] [[gl:Aristóteles]] [[ko:아리스토텔레스]] [[hr:Aristotel]] [[io:Aristoteles]] [[id:Aristoteles]] [[is:Aristóteles]] [[it:Aristotele]] [[he:אריסטו]] [[jv:Aristoteles]] [[ka:არისტოტელე]] [[la:Aristoteles]] [[lv:Aristotelis]] [[lb:Aristoteles]] [[lt:Aristotelis]] [[hu:Arisztotelész]] [[mk:Аристотел]] [[mt:Aristotle]] [[ms:Aristotle]] [[nl:Aristoteles]] [[ja:アリストテレス]] [[no:Aristoteles]] [[nn:Aristoteles]] [[nds:Aristoteles]] [[pl:Arystoteles]] [[pt:Aristóteles]] [[ro:Aristotel]] [[ru:Аристотель]] [[sq:Aristoteli]] [[scn:Aristuteli]] [[simple:Aristotle]] [[sk:Aristoteles]] [[sl:Aristotel]] [[sr:Аристотел]] [[fi:Aristoteles]] [[sv:Aristoteles]] [[tl:Aristoteles]] [[ta:அரிஸ்டாட்டில்]] [[th:อริสโตเติล]] [[vi:Aristotle]] [[tr:Aristoteles]] [[uk:Арістотель]] [[zh:亚里士多德]] 56 3668 2006-11-12T11:09:05Z GnuDoyng 13 {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<font size="+1">'''Ĭng-guók''' |- | align="center" colspan=2 | [[Image:LocationUnitedKingdom.png|200px]] |- | '''Guók-gì''' | <center>[[Image:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg|150px]]</center> |- | '''Guók-hŭi''' | <center>[[Image:Coat of arms of the United Kingdom.png|150px]]</center> |- | '''Céng-dê cié-dô̤''' | [[Gŭng-ciō lĭk-hiéng cié]] |- | '''Liāng-dô̤''' | Ĭ-lê-să-băh Nê-sié (Guók-uòng)<br/>Buó-lài-ī (Siū-sióng) |- | '''Siū-dŭ''' | [[Lùng-dŭng]] |- | '''[[Guăng-huŏng ngṳ̄-ngiòng]]''' | [[Ĭng-ngṳ̄]] |- | '''Miêng-cék''' | 244,820 km² |- | '''Ìng-kēu''' | 60,209,500 (2005) |- | '''[[GDP]]''' | $1.833 chiĕng-é (2005) |- | '''Ìng-gĭng GDP''' | $30,470 (2005) |- |} [[Image:Uk-map.png|thumb|150px|Ĭng-guók dê-dù|left]] [[Image:Satellite image of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in April 2002.jpg|thumb|150px|Ĭng-guók gì [[uôi-sĭng]] sióng|left]] '''Ĭng-guók''' (英國), ciòng-chĭng '''Dâi Bók-liĕk-diĕng gâe̤ng Báe̤k Ái-ī-làng Lièng-hăk Uòng-guók''' (大不列顛共北愛爾蘭聯合王國, [[Ĭng-ngṳ̄]]: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland) sê [[Ĕu-ciŭ]] gì 1 ciáh [[Guók-gă|guók-gă]], iù [[Dâi-bók-liĕk-diĕng Dō̤]] siông gì [[Ĭng-gáh-làng]] (英格蘭, Ĭng-ngṳ̄: England), [[Sŭ-gáh-làng]] (蘇格蘭, Ĭng-ngṳ̄: Scotland), [[Ŭi-ī-sê̤ṳ]] (威爾士, Ĭng-ngṳ̄: Wales), gâe̤ng [[Ái-ī-làng Dō̤]] dĕ̤ng-báe̤k-buô gì [[Báe̤k Ái-ī-làng]] cū-siàng, iâ bău-guăk sié-gái gì-tă dê-kṳ̆ gì [[sĭk-mìng-dê]]. Ĭng-guók gì [[céng-dê]] tā̤-cié sê [[gŭng-ciō lĭk-hiéng cié]], hiêng-hâ-sì gì Guók-uòng sê Ĭ-lê-să-băh Nê-sié (伊麗莎白二世, Ĭng-ngṳ̄: Elizabeth II), Siū-sióng sê Buó-lài-ī (佈萊爾, Ĭng-ngṳ̄: Tony Blair). Ĭng-guók sê G8 Hŭng-huói gâe̤ng Ĕu-mèng gì sìng-uòng-guók, iâ sê [[Lièng-hăk-guók]] gâe̤ng [[Báe̤k-iók]] gì gióng-lĭk-ciā. Ĭng-guók sê hiéng-gĭng sié-gái siông ô [[hŏk-ū-ké]] gì gūi ciáh guók-gă cĭ-ék. ==Gê̤ṳng-dô̤i lĭk-sṳ̄== [[Image:British Empire Anachronous 4.PNG|thumb|250px|Dâi-ĭng Dá̤-guók dê-dù|left]] 19 sié-gī sì-hâiu, Dâi-ĭng Dá̤-guók guók-lĭk giòng-sêng. Ĭ ciéng-liāng ciòng sié-gái chiĕu-guó 1/4 gì līng-tū, giéu lā̤ "Nĭk-mâ̤-lŏ̤h Dá̤-guók". Dŏng-sì, [[Dṳ̆ng-guók]] gì [[Hiŏng-gē̤ng]], [[Să̤-câung]], [[Dòng-gŏng]]-làu-mĭk dēng dê-huŏng dŭ sê Ĭng-guók gì [[sĭk-mìng-dê]]; [[Hók-ciŭ]] gâe̤ng [[Â-muòng]] iâ sê ĭ gì [[tŭng-sŏng-kēu-ngâng]]. [[Dâ̤-nê-huòi Sié-gái Dâi-ciéng|Nê Ciéng]] cĭ-hâiu, Ĭng-guók duâi-buô-hông sĭk-mìng-dê dŭ dŭk-lĭk gióng guók. ==Ùng-huá== [[Image:Hw-shakespeare.jpg|thumb|150px|'''Să-sê̤ṳ-bī-ā''', có̤i chók-miàng gì cáuk-gă|right]] Dṳ̀ lāu Ĕu-ciŭ [[ùng-huá]], Ĭng-guók iâ ṳ̀ng-hăk lāu gì-tă sĭk-mìng-dê ùng-huá, chiông [[Éng-dô]] dēng-dēng. Ĭng-guók gì [[ùng-hŏk]] siŏng-dŏng huák-dăk. Găh lĭk-sṳ̄ siông, Ĭng-guók có̤i chók-miàng gì cáuk-gă sê [[Să-sê̤ṳ-bī-ā]] (莎士比亞, Ĭng-ngṳ̄: William Shakespeare). Ĭng-guók-nè̤ng dé̤ṳng-é gì ông-dông sê [[Kă-giù|kă-giù]], [[gŏ̤-ī-hŭ-giù]], [[uōng-giù]] dēng-dēng. [[Category:Guók-gă|I]] [[Category:Ĕu-ciŭ|I]] [[af:Verenigde Koninkryk]] [[als:Grossbritannien und Nordirland]] [[ang:Geānlǣht Cynerīce]] [[ar:المملكة المتحدة]] [[an:Reino Unito]] [[frp:Royômo-Uni]] [[ast:Reinu Uníu]] [[az:Böyük Britaniya]] [[bn:যুক্তরাজ্য]] [[zh-min-nan:Liân-ha̍p Ông-kok]] [[bs:Ujedinjeno Kraljevstvo]] [[br:Rouantelezh Unanet Breizh-Veur ha Norzhiwerzhon]] [[bg:Обединено кралство Великобритания и Северна Ирландия]] [[ca:Regne Unit de la Gran Bretanya i Irlanda del Nord]] [[cs:Spojené království]] [[cy:Y Deyrnas Unedig]] [[da:Det Forenede Kongerige]] [[de:Vereinigtes Königreich]] [[et:Suurbritannia]] [[el:Ηνωμένο Βασίλειο]] [[en:United Kingdom]] [[es:Reino Unido]] [[eo:Unuiĝinta Reĝlando]] [[eu:Erresuma Batua]] [[fa:پادشاهی متحد بریتانیای کبیر و ایرلند شمالی]] [[fo:Stóra Bretland]] [[fr:Royaume-Uni]] [[fy:Grut-Brittanje]] [[ga:An Ríocht Aontaithe]] [[gv:Reeriaght Unnaneyssit]] [[gd:An Rìoghachd Aonaichte]] [[gl:Reino Unido - United Kingdom]] [[ko:영국]] [[hi:संयुक्त राजशाही]] [[hr:Ujedinjeno Kraljevstvo]] [[io:Unionita Rejio]] [[ilo:Pagarian ti Britania ken Umamianan nga Irlandia]] [[id:Britania Raya]] [[ia:Regno Unite]] [[os:Стыр Британи]] [[is:Bretland]] [[it:Regno Unito]] [[he:הממלכה המאוחדת]] [[ka:დიდი ბრიტანეთი]] [[kw:Rywvaneth Unys]] [[ku:Qraliyeta Yekbûyî]] [[la:Regnum Unitum]] [[lv:Apvienotā Karaliste]] [[lb:Groussbritannien]] [[lt:Jungtinė Karalystė]] [[li:Vereineg Keuninkriek]] [[hu:Nagy-Britannia]] [[mk:Обединетото Кралство]] [[mt:Renju Unit]] [[mi:Kīngitanga Kotahi]] [[ms:United Kingdom]] [[nl:Verenigd Koninkrijk]] [[nds-nl:Verienigd Keuninkriek]] [[ja:イギリス]] [[no:Det forente kongerike Storbritannia og Nord-Irland]] [[nn:Storbritannia]] [[nrm:Rouoyaume Unni]] [[oc:Reialme Unit]] [[ug:برىتانىيە]] [[ps:برطانيه]] [[pam:United Kingdom]] [[nds:Grootbritannien un Noordirland]] [[pl:Wielka Brytania]] [[pt:Reino Unido]] [[ro:Regatul Unit]] [[rmy:Phandlo Thagaripen la Bare Britaniyako thai le Nordutne Irlandesko]] [[rm:Reginavel Unì da la Gronda Britannia ed Irlanda dal Nord]] [[ru:Великобритания]] [[sco:Unitit Kinrick]] [[sq:Mbretëria e Bashkuar]] [[scn:Regnu Unitu]] [[simple:United Kingdom]] [[sk:Spojené kráľovstvo]] [[sl:Združeno kraljestvo Velike Britanije in Severne Irske]] [[sr:Уједињено Краљевство]] [[sh:Ujedinjeno Kraljevstvo]] [[fi:Yhdistynyt kuningaskunta]] [[sv:Storbritannien]] [[tl:United Kingdom]] [[ta:ஐக்கிய இராச்சியம்]] [[tet:Reinu Naklibur]] [[th:สหราชอาณาจักร]] [[vi:Vương quốc Liên hiệp Anh và Bắc Ireland]] [[tg:Подшоҳии Муттаҳида]] [[tr:Birleşik Krallık]] [[uk:Великобританія]] [[ur:برطانیہ]] [[yi:בריטאניע]] [[zh-yue:英國]] [[zh:英国]] 88 792 2006-10-03T01:01:17Z GnuDoyng 13 <div style="float:left; border:solid 1px <includeonly>{{{color 1}}}</includeonly><noinclude>#C0C0C0</noinclude>; margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:18.6em; background-color:<includeonly>{{{color 2}}}</includeonly><noinclude>#FFFFFF</noinclude>" | style="width:3.52em; height:3.52em; background-color:<includeonly>{{{color 1}}}</includeonly><noinclude>#C0C0C0</noinclude>; text-align:center" | <div style="margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto; font-size:<includeonly>{{{letter code size}}}</includeonly><noinclude>1.5em</noinclude>"><includeonly>{{{letter code}}}</includeonly><noinclude>ngṳ̄</noinclude></div> | style="font-size:<includeonly>{{{text size}}}</includeonly><noinclude>0.83em</noinclude>; padding:0.47em; line-height:1.25em" | <includeonly>{{{text}}}</includeonly> <noinclude>Ngṳ̄-ngiòng gĭ-buōng muò-bēng.</noinclude> |} </div> 89 801 2006-10-03T01:21:12Z GnuDoyng 13 {{Template:Bă-biĕk ngṳ̄-ngiòng| color 1=#C0C8FF| color 2=#F0F8FF| letter code size=<includeonly>{{{letter code size}}}</includeonly><noinclude>1.2em</noinclude>| letter code='''<includeonly>{{{letter code}}}</includeonly><noinclude>ngṳ̄</noinclude>-1'''| text size=<includeonly>{{{text size}}}</includeonly><noinclude>0.83em</noinclude>| text=<includeonly>{{{text}}}</includeonly><noinclude>Cī ciáh ê̤ṳng-hô tĕ̤k-siā '''cī cṳ̄ng ngṳ̄-ngiòng''' gì nèng-lĭk sê '''chŭ-gék'''.</noinclude>}} 90 800 2006-10-03T01:20:56Z GnuDoyng 13 {{Bă-biĕk ngṳ̄-ngiòng| color 1=#77E0E8| color 2=#D0F8FF| letter code size=<includeonly>{{{letter code size}}}</includeonly><noinclude>1.2em</noinclude>| letter code='''<includeonly>{{{letter code}}}</includeonly><noinclude>ngṳ̄</noinclude>-2'''| text size=<includeonly>{{{text size}}}</includeonly><noinclude>0.83em</noinclude>| text=<includeonly>{{{text}}}</includeonly><noinclude> Cī ciáh ê̤ṳng-hô tĕ̤k-siā '''cī cṳ̄ng ngṳ̄-ngiòng''' gì nèng-lĭk sê '''dṳ̆ng-gék'''.</noinclude>}} 92 799 2006-10-03T01:20:39Z GnuDoyng 13 {{Bă-biĕk ngṳ̄-ngiòng| color 1=#99B3FF| color 2=#E0E8FF| letter code size=<includeonly>{{{letter code size}}}</includeonly><noinclude>1.2em</noinclude>| letter code='''<includeonly>{{{letter code}}}</includeonly><noinclude>ngṳ̄</noinclude>-3'''| text size=<includeonly>{{{text size}}}</includeonly><noinclude>0.83em</noinclude>| text=<includeonly>{{{text}}}</includeonly><noinclude>Cī ciáh ê̤ṳng-hô tĕ̤k-siā '''cī cṳ̄ng ngṳ̄-ngiòng''' gì nèng-lĭk sê '''Gŏ̤-gék'''.</noinclude>}} 93 798 2006-10-03T01:20:10Z GnuDoyng 13 {{Bă-biĕk ngṳ̄-ngiòng| color 1=#6EF7A7| color 2=#C5FCDC| letter code size=<includeonly>{{{letter code size}}}</includeonly><noinclude>1.2em</noinclude>| letter code='''<includeonly>{{{letter code}}}</includeonly><noinclude>ngṳ̄</noinclude>'''| text size=<includeonly>{{{text size}}}</includeonly><noinclude>0.83em</noinclude>| text=<includeonly>{{{text}}}</includeonly><noinclude>'''Cī cṳ̄ng ngṳ̄-ngiòng''' sê cī ciáh ê̤ṳng-hô gì '''mū-ngṳ̄'''.</noinclude>}} 96 3332 2006-11-01T21:23:25Z Dcljr 31 includeonly/noinclude categories {{Bă-biĕk ngṳ̄-ngiòng-M| letter code size=1.2em| letter code=<span lang="en">[[Mìng-nàng-ngṳ̄|nan]]</span>| text size=0.83em| text=<span lang="nan">Chit-ê iōng-chiá ê '''[[:Category:User nan-M|bó-gú]]''' sī '''[[:Category:User nan|Bân-lâm-ōe / Hō-ló-ōe]]'''.</span>}}<includeonly>[[Category:User nan|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User nan-M|{{PAGENAME}}]]</includeonly><noinclude> [[Category:User nan| M]][[Category:User nan-M| M]] [[de:Vorlage:User zh-min-nan]][[en:Template:User zh-min-nan]][[fr:Modèle:User zh-min-nan]][[zh:Template:User zh-min-nan]][[zh-min-nan:Template:User nan]]</noinclude> 101 835 2006-10-03T04:10:24Z GnuDoyng 13 '''Gĭ-dók-gáu''' sê siŏh cṳ̄ng [[cŭng-gáu]], iâ giéu lō̤ '''Ià-sŭ-gáu'''. [[Category:Cŭng-gáu]] [[en:Category:Christianity]] [[af:Kategorie:Christendom]] [[ang:Category:Crīstendōm]] [[ar:تصنيف:مسيحية]] [[ast:Categoría:Cristianismu]] [[zh-min-nan:Category:Ki-tok-kàu]] [[be:Катэгорыя:Хрысьціянства]] [[bs:Kategorija:Kršćanstvo]] [[bg:Категория:Християнство]] [[ca:Categoria:Cristianisme]] [[cs:Kategorie:Křesťanství]] [[cy:Categori:Cristnogaeth]] [[da:Kategori:Kristendom]] [[de:Kategorie:Christentum]] [[et:Kategooria:Kristlus]] [[el:Κατηγορία:Χριστιανισμός]] [[es:Categoría:Cristianismo]] [[eo:Kategorio:Kristanismo]] [[fr:Catégorie:Christianisme]] [[ko:분류:기독교]] [[ho:Category:Keristani]] [[hr:Kategorija:Kršćanstvo]] [[io:Category:Kristanismo]] [[id:Kategori:Kristen]] [[ia:Categoria:Christianismo]] [[it:Categoria:Cristianesimo]] [[he:קטגוריה:נצרות]] [[ka:კატეგორია:ქრისტიანობა]] [[sw:Category:Ukristo]] [[ht:Category:Krisyanis]] [[la:Categoria:Religio Christiana]] [[lb:Category:Chrëschtentum]] [[li:Kategorie:Christendom]] [[hu:Kategória:Kereszténység]] [[mt:Category:Kristjaneżmu]] [[ms:Kategori:Kristian]] [[my:Category:ခရစ္‌ယာန္‌ဘာသာ]] [[nl:Categorie:Christendom]] [[nds-nl:Categorie:Christendom]] [[ja:Category:キリスト教]] [[no:Kategori:Kristendom]] [[nn:Kategori:Kristendom]] [[nds:Kategorie:Christendom]] [[pl:Kategoria:Chrześcijaństwo]] [[pt:Categoria:Cristianismo]] [[ro:Categorie:Creştinism]] [[ru:Категория:Христианство]] [[scn:Category:Cristianèsimu]] [[simple:Category:Christianity]] [[sk:Kategória:Kresťanstvo]] [[sl:Kategorija:Krščanstvo]] [[sr:Категорија:Хришћанство]] [[fi:Luokka:Kristinusko]] [[sv:Kategori:Kristendom]] [[tt:Törkem:Xristianlıq]] [[th:หมวดหมู่:คริสต์ศาสนา]] [[vi:Thể loại:Kitô giáo]] [[tr:Kategori:Hristiyanlık]] [[uk:Категорія:Християнство]] [[wa:Categoreye:Crustinnisse]] [[zh:Category:基督教]] 103 1860 2006-10-24T08:44:38Z 84.114.144.54 '''Guók-gă''' gái-siêu sié-gái ciō-iéu guók-gă gâe̤ng dê-kṳ̆. [[af:Lande]] [[als:Kategorie:Land]] [[an:Category:Países]] [[ang:Category:Land]] [[ar:تصنيف:دول]] [[ast:Categoría:Países]] [[be:Катэгорыя:Краіны]] [[bg:Категория:Държави]] [[br:Rummad:Riezoù ar Bed]] [[bs:Category:Države Svijeta]] [[cs:Kategorie:Státy a území]] [[cv:Категори:Патшалăхсем]] [[da:Kategori:Verdens lande]] [[de:Kategorie:Staat]] [[el:Κατηγορία:Χώρες]] [[en:Category:Countries]] [[eo:Kategorio:Landoj]] [[es:Categoría:Países]] [[et:Kategooria:Maailma maad]] [[fa:رده:کشورها]] [[fi:Luokka:Valtiot]] [[fr:Catégorie:Pays du monde]] [[fur:Categorie:Stâts dal mont]] [[ga:Catagóir:Tíortha]] [[gl:Category:Países]] [[he:קטגוריה:מדינות העולם]] [[hi:श्रेणी:देश]] [[hr:Kategorija:Države svijeta]] [[hu:Kategória:Országok]] [[ia:Category:Pais]] [[id:Kategori:Negara]] [[ilo:Category:Pagilian]] [[io:Category:Stati]] [[is:Flokkur:Lönd]] [[it:Categoria:Nazioni]] [[ja:Category:国]] [[ka:კატეგორია:ქვეყნები]] [[kk:Category:Мемлекеттер]] [[ko:분류:나라]] [[ku:Kategorî:Welat]] [[la:Categoria:Nationes]] [[ln:Category:Bisé ya Mokili]] [[lt:Kategorija:Valstybės]] [[lv:Category:Valstis]] [[mo:Category:Цэрь]] [[mt:Category:Pajjiżi]] [[na:Category:Eb]] [[nah:Categoría:Altépetl]] [[nds:Kategorie:Land]] [[nl:Categorie:Land]] [[nn:Kategori:Land]] [[no:Kategori:Land]] [[oc:Categoria:Païses]] [[os:Категори:Бæстæтæ]] [[pl:Kategoria:Państwa świata]] [[pt:Categoria:Países do mundo]] [[rm:Category:Stadi]] [[ro:Categorie:Ţări]] [[ru:Категория:Страны]] [[scn:Category:Nazzioni]] [[sco:Category:Kintras]] [[sh:Category:Države svijeta]] [[simple:Category:Countries]] [[sk:Kategória:Štáty]] [[sl:Kategorija:Države]] [[sq:Category:Shtet]] [[sr:Категорија:Државе]] [[sv:Kategori:Världens länder]] [[sw:Category:Nchi]] [[ta:பகுப்பு:நாடுகள்]] [[th:Category:ประเทศ]] [[tl:Category:Mga bansa]] [[tpi:Category:Kantri]] [[tr:Kategori:Ülkeler]] [[tt:Törkem:Däwlätlär]] [[udm:Категория:Кунъёс но шаеръёс]] [[uk:Категорія:Країни]] [[vi:Thể loại:Quốc gia]] [[wa:Categoreye:Payis]] [[yi:קאַטעגאָריע:לענדער]] [[zh-min-nan:Category:Kok-ka]] [[zh:Category:国家]] 104 3190 2006-10-31T13:40:02Z GnuDoyng 13 [[Image:People.svg|right]] '''Ìng-ŭk''' gái-siêu sié-gái chók-miàng gì nè̤ng gâe̤ng ĭ-gáuk-nè̤ng gì sê̤ṳ-cék. [[Category:Siâ-huôi]] [[af:Kategorie:Mense]] [[als:Kategorie:Person]] [[an:Categoría:Biografías]] [[ast:Categoría:Biografíes]] [[az:Kateqoriya:Şəxslər]] [[bg:Категория:Хора]] [[bs:Kategorija:Biografije]] [[ca:Categoria:Biografies]] [[cs:Kategorie:Lidé]] [[da:Kategori:Personer]] [[de:Kategorie:Person]] [[en:Category:People]] [[eo:Kategorio:Famaj personoj]] [[es:Categoría:Biografías]] [[et:Kategooria:Inimesed]] [[eu:Kategoria:Biografiak]] [[fi:Luokka:Henkilöt]] [[fo:Bólkur:Fólk]] [[fr:Catégorie:Personnalité]] [[fy:Kategory:Persoan]] [[gl:Category:Personalidades]] [[gu:Category:વ્યક્તિત્વ]] [[he:קטגוריה:אישים]] [[hr:Kategorija:Biografije]] [[hu:Kategória:Személyek]] [[id:Kategori:Tokoh]] [[io:Category:Personalajo]] [[is:Flokkur:Fólk]] [[it:Categoria:Persone]] [[ja:Category:人物]] [[ko:분류:사람]] [[ku:Kategorî:Kes]] [[kw:Category:Pobel]] [[la:Categoria:Homines]] [[li:Kategorie:Persoon]] [[ln:Category:Moto]] [[lt:Kategorija:Biografijos]] [[nds:Kategorie:Person]] [[nl:Categorie:Persoon]] [[nn:Kategori:Personar]] [[no:Kategori:Personer]] [[oc:Categoria:Personalitat]] [[os:Категори:Зындгонд адæймæгтæ]] [[pa:ਸ਼੍ਰੇਣੀ:ਲੋਕ]] [[pl:Kategoria:Biografie]] [[pt:Categoria:Pessoas]] [[ro:Categorie:Biografii]] [[ru:Категория:Персоналии]] [[simple:Category:People]] [[sq:Category:Persona]] [[sr:Категорија:Биографије]] [[sv:Kategori:Personer]] [[th:หมวดหมู่:บุคคล]] [[tr:Kategori:Kişiler]] [[uk:Категорія:Персоналії]] [[vi:Thể loại:Nhân vật]] [[vls:Category:Mens]] [[zh:Category:人物]] [[zh-min-nan:Category:Jîn-bu̍t]] 105 841 2006-10-03T05:25:01Z GnuDoyng 13 '''Mìng-cṳ̆''' gé-liŏh ék-chiék gâe̤ng Hók-gióng ô-guăng gì cṳ̆-lâu. 106 3192 2006-10-31T13:46:31Z GnuDoyng 13 [[Image:Pyramids of Geezeh.jpg|200px|right]] Ciō dèu-mĕ̤k: [[Lĭk-sṳ̄]]. [[Category:Siâ-huôi]] [[af:Kategorie:Geskiedenis]] [[als:Kategorie:Gschicht]] [[ang:Category:Stǣr]] [[ar:تصنيف:تاريخ]] [[an:Category:Istoria]] [[ast:Categoría:Historia]] [[be:Катэгорыя:Гісторыя]] [[bs:Kategorija:Historija]] [[br:Rummad:Istor]] [[bg:Категория:История]] [[ca:Categoria:Història]] [[cv:Категори:Истори]] [[cy:Categori:Hanes]] [[cs:Kategorie:Historie]] [[da:Kategori:Historie]] [[de:Kategorie:Geschichte]] [[en:Category:History]] [[et:Kategooria:Ajalugu]] [[el:Κατηγορία:Ιστορία]] [[es:Categoría:Historia]] [[eo:Kategorio:Historio]] [[eu:Kategoria:Historia]] [[fa:رده:تاریخ]] [[fr:Catégorie:Histoire]] [[fy:Kategory:Skiednis]] [[ga:Catagóir:Stair]] [[gl:Category:Historia]] [[ko:분류:역사]] [[hi:श्रेणी:इतिहास]] [[hr:Kategorija:Povijest]] [[io:Category:Historio]] [[id:Kategori:Sejarah]] [[os:Категори:Истори]] [[is:Flokkur:Saga]] [[it:Categoria:Storia]] [[he:קטגוריה:היסטוריה]] [[kn:Category:ಇತಿಹಾಸ]] [[ku:Kategorî:Dîrok]] [[la:Categoria:Historia]] [[lv:Category:Vēsture]] [[lb:Category:Geschicht]] [[lt:Kategorija:Istorija]] [[li:Kategorie:Historie]] [[ln:Category:Historia]] [[lmo:Category:Stòria]] [[hu:Kategória:Történelem]] [[ms:Kategori:Sejarah]] [[mk:Категорија:Историја]] [[mt:Category:Storja]] [[mo:Category:Историе]] [[nl:Categorie:Geschiedenis]] [[ja:Category:歴史]] [[ka:კატეგორია:ისტორია]] [[nap:Categoria:Storia]] [[no:Kategori:Historie]] [[nrm:Category:Histouaithe]] [[oc:Categoria:Istòria]] [[pa:ਸ਼੍ਰੇਣੀ:ਇਤਹਾਸ]] [[nds:Kategorie:Historie]] [[pl:Kategoria:Historia]] [[pt:Categoria:História]] [[ro:Categorie:Istorie]] [[ru:Категория:История]] [[scn:Category:Storia]] [[sq:Category:Historia]] [[simple:Category:History]] [[sk:Kategória:História]] [[sl:Kategorija:Zgodovina]] [[sr:Категорија:Историја]] [[fi:Luokka:Historia]] [[sv:Kategori:Historia]] [[th:Category:ประวัติศาสตร์]] [[vi:Thể loại:Lịch sử]] [[tr:Kategori:Tarih]] [[uk:Категорія:Історія]] [[ur:زمرہ:تاریخ]] [[zh:Category:历史]] [[zh-yue:Category:歷史]] 107 3812 2006-11-20T11:50:15Z GnuDoyng 13 <br clear="all" /> {| align="center" class="toccolours" cellspacing="0" |- bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | align="center" | '''[[Mìng-dṳ̆ng sĕk ék]]''' {| | align="right" style="font-size: 90%; vertical-align: top;" | '''Sĕk ék: | style="font-size: 90%;" | [[Bìng-nàng]] | [[Diòng-lŏ̤h]] | [[Hók-chiăng]] (''bău-guăk [[Bìng-tàng]]'') | [[Hók-ciŭ]] <br /> [[Īng-tái]] | [[Lièng-gŏng]] | [[Lò̤-nguòng]] | [[Mìng-âiu]] | [[Mìng-chiăng]] | [[Kŭ-chèng]] |- | align="right" style="font-size: 90%; vertical-align: top;" | '''Ngô kṳ̆: | style="font-size: 90%;" | [[Céng-ăng]] | [[Chŏng-săng]] | [[Dài-gĕ̤ng]] | [[Gū-làu]] | [[Mā-muōi]] |} |} 108 1052 2006-10-06T09:47:58Z 203.76.212.36 <br clear="all" /> {| align="center" class="toccolours" cellspacing="0" |- bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | align="center" | '''[[Hók-gióng]] gì siàng-chê''' {| | align="right" style="font-size: 90%; vertical-align: top;" | '''Sēng-huôi: | style="font-size: 90%;" | [[Hók-ciŭ]] |- | align="right" style="font-size: 90%; vertical-align: top;" | '''Hó-sēng-gék chê: | style="font-size: 90%;" | [[Â-muòng]] |- | align="right" style="font-size: 90%; vertical-align: top;" | '''Dê-gék chê: | style="font-size: 90%;" | [[Ciŏng-ciŭ]] | [[Ciòng-ciŭ]] | [[Lṳ̀ng-ngàng]] | [[Nàng-bìng]] <br/> [[Nìng-dáik]] | [[Puō-dièng]] | [[Săng-mìng]] |} |} 109 850 2006-10-03T06:41:18Z GnuDoyng 13 '''Siàng-chê''' gé-liŏh ciòng sié-gái ciō-iéu gì siàng, iâ bău-guăk Hók-gióng dê-kṳ̆ ciō-iéu gì gâing. 110 3462 2006-11-06T12:10:01Z GnuDoyng 13 [[Image:French-vowels.png|200px|right]] Ciō dèu-mĕ̤k: [[Ngṳ̄-ngiòng]]. [[Category:Ùng-huá]] [[af:Kategorie:Natuurlike taal]] [[am:Category:ቋንቋዎች]] [[an:Category:Luengas]] [[ar:تصنيف:لغات]] [[frp:Category:Lengoua]] [[ast:Categoría:Llingües]] [[be:Катэгорыя:Мовы]] [[bg:Категория:Езици]] [[bm:Catégorie:Kan]] [[ca:Categoria:Llengües]] [[cs:Kategorie:Jazyky]] [[cv:Категори:Чĕлхесем]] [[cy:Category:Ieithoedd]] [[da:Kategori:Sprog]] [[de:Kategorie:Sprache]] [[el:Κατηγορία:Γλώσσες]] [[en:Category:Languages]] [[eo:Kategorio:Lingvo]] [[es:Categoría:Lenguas]] [[et:Kategooria:Keeled]] [[eu:Kategoria:Hizkuntzak]] [[fa:رده:زبان‌ها]] [[fi:Luokka:Kielet]] [[fiu-vro:Category:Keeleq]] [[fo:Bólkur:Mál]] [[fr:Catégorie:Langue]] [[fur:Categorie:Lenghis]] [[fy:Kategory:Taal]] [[ga:Catagóir:Teangacha]] [[gd:Category:Cànain]] [[gl:Category:Linguas do mundo]] [[he:קטגוריה:שפות]] [[hu:Kategória:Nyelvek]] [[hr:Kategorija:Jezici]] [[id:Kategori:Bahasa]] [[io:Category:Lingui]] [[is:Flokkur:Tungumál]] [[it:Categoria:Lingue]] [[ja:Category:言語]] [[jbo:Category:Bangu]] [[ka:კატეგორია:მსოფლიოს ენები]] [[ko:분류:언어]] [[kw:Category:Yeth]] [[la:Categoria:Linguae]] [[lb:Category:Sproochen]] [[li:Kategorie:Tale]] [[ln:Category:Lokótá]] [[lt:Kategorija:Kalbotyra]] [[lv:Category:Valodas]] [[mk:Категорија:Светски Јазици]] [[ms:Kategori:Bahasa]] [[mt:Category:Lingwa]] [[na:Category:Ekakairũ]] [[nds:Kategorie:Spraak]] [[nl:Categorie:Natuurlijke taal]] [[ne:Category:भाषा]] [[nn:Kategori:Språk]] [[no:Kategori:Språk]] [[oc:Categoria:Lenga]] [[om:Category:Afaan]] [[os:Категори:Æвзæгтæ]] [[pl:Kategoria:Języki świata]] [[pt:Categoria:Línguas]] [[rm:Category:Linguatgs]] [[ro:Categorie:Limbi]] [[ru:Категория:Языки]] [[sco:Category:Leid]] [[se:Category:Gielat]] [[sh:Category:Jezici]] [[simple:Category:Languages]] [[sk:Kategória:Jazyky]] [[sl:Kategorija:Jeziki]] [[sq:Category:Gjuha]] [[sr:Категорија:Језици]] [[sv:Kategori:Språk]] [[sw:Category:Lugha]] [[ta:பகுப்பு:மொழிகள்]] [[tl:Category:Wika]] [[th:Category:ภาษา]] [[tpi:Category:Tokples]] [[tt:Törkem:Tellär]] [[ty:Catégorie:Reo]] [[uk:Категорія:Мови]] [[vi:Thể loại:Ngôn ngữ]] [[wa:Categoreye:Lingaedjes]] [[zh:Category:语言]] [[zh-min-nan:Category:Gí-giân]] [[zh-yue:Category:語言]] 111 853 2006-10-03T06:51:57Z GnuDoyng 13 Redirecting to [[Mìng-nàng-ngṳ̄]] #REDIRECT [[Mìng-nàng-ngṳ̄]] 114 3736 2006-11-18T01:42:51Z GnuDoyng 13 [[Image:Escola de Atenas.jpg|200px|right]] Ciō dèu-mĕ̤k: [[Diék-hŏk]]. [[Category:Ùng-huá]] [[ar:تصنيف:فلسفة]] [[an:Category:Filosofía]] [[ast:Categoría:Filosofía]] [[zh-min-nan:Category:Tiat-ha̍k]] [[be:Катэгорыя:Філязофія]] [[bs:Category:Filozofija]] [[bg:Категория:Философия]] [[ca:Categoria:Filosofia]] [[cs:Kategorie:Filosofie]] [[cy:Categori:Athroniaeth]] [[da:Kategori:Filosofi]] [[de:Kategorie:Philosophie]] [[et:Kategooria:Filosoofia]] [[el:Κατηγορία:Φιλοσοφία]] [[en:Category:Philosophy]] [[es:Categoría:Filosofía]] [[eo:Kategorio:Filozofio]] [[fr:Catégorie:Philosophie]] [[ko:분류:철학]] [[hr:Kategorija:Filozofija]] [[io:Category:Filozofio]] [[id:Kategori:Filsafat]] [[is:Flokkur:Heimspeki]] [[it:Categoria:Filosofia]] [[he:קטגוריה:פילוסופיה]] [[jv:Kategori:Filsafat]] [[ka:კატეგორია:ფილოსოფია]] [[csb:Kategòrëjô:Filozofijô]] [[la:Categoria:Philosophia]] [[lt:Kategorija:Filosofija]] [[hu:Kategória:Filozófia]] [[mt:Category:Filosofija]] [[nl:Categorie:Filosofie]] [[ja:Category:哲学]] [[no:Kategori:Filosofi]] [[nn:Kategori:Filosofi]] [[nds:Kategorie:Philosophie]] [[pl:Kategoria:Filozofia]] [[pt:Categoria:Filosofia]] [[ro:Categorie:Filozofie]] [[qu:Category:Llup'ina]] [[ru:Категория:Философия]] [[scn:Category:Filusufìa]] [[sk:Kategória:Filozofia]] [[sl:Kategorija:Filozofija]] [[sr:Категорија:Филозофија]] [[fi:Luokka:Filosofia]] [[sv:Kategori:Filosofi]] [[th:Category:ปรัชญา]] [[vi:Thể loại:Triết học]] [[tr:Kategori:Felsefe]] [[uk:Категорія:Філософія]] [[ur:زمرہ:فلسفہ]] [[zh:Category:哲学]] [[zh-yue:Category:哲學]] 117 897 2006-10-04T18:40:43Z Timichal 16 fix Tàu Hiăh 120 1387 2006-10-10T14:32:11Z Chun-hian 7 Dṳ̀ng-sĭng dêng-hióng gáu [[Wikipedia:Hèng-céng Ìng-uòng]] #REDIRECT[[Wikipedia:Hèng-céng Ìng-uòng]] 121 3824 2006-11-21T14:03:12Z GnuDoyng 13 /** CSS placed here will be applied to all skins */ /* <pre> Hope the poor little "Ṳ" looks alright... */ body, pre { font-family: "Charis SIL", "Arial Unicode MS", "Lucida Sans Unicode"; } input, textarea, select { font-family: "Charis SIL", "Arial Unicode MS", "Lucida Sans Unicode"; } /* </pre> */ 122 911 2006-10-05T22:59:08Z GnuDoyng 13 Kó̤ 123 3797 2006-11-19T02:36:41Z GnuDoyng 13 /* tooltips and access keys */ var ta = new Object(); ta['pt-userpage'] = new Array('.','My user page'); ta['pt-anonuserpage'] = new Array('.','The user page for the ip you\'re editing as'); ta['pt-mytalk'] = new Array('n','My talk page'); ta['pt-anontalk'] = new Array('n','Discussion about edits from this ip address'); ta['pt-preferences'] = new Array('','My preferences'); ta['pt-watchlist'] = new Array('l','The list of pages you\'re monitoring for changes.'); ta['pt-mycontris'] = new Array('y','List of my contributions'); ta['pt-login'] = new Array('o','You are encouraged to log in, it is not mandatory however.'); ta['pt-anonlogin'] = new Array('o','You are encouraged to log in, it is not mandatory however.'); ta['pt-logout'] = new Array('o','Log out'); ta['ca-talk'] = new Array('t','Discussion about the content page'); ta['ca-edit'] = new Array('e','You can edit this page. Please use the preview button before saving.'); ta['ca-addsection'] = new Array('+','Add a comment to this discussion.'); ta['ca-viewsource'] = new Array('e','This page is protected. You can view its source.'); ta['ca-history'] = new Array('h','Past versions of this page.'); ta['ca-protect'] = new Array('=','Protect this page'); ta['ca-delete'] = new Array('d','Delete this page'); ta['ca-undelete'] = new Array('d','Restore the edits done to this page before it was deleted'); ta['ca-move'] = new Array('m','Move this page'); ta['ca-watch'] = new Array('w','Add this page to your watchlist'); ta['ca-unwatch'] = new Array('w','Remove this page from your watchlist'); ta['search'] = new Array('f','Search this wiki'); ta['p-logo'] = new Array('','Main Page'); ta['n-mainpage'] = new Array('z','Visit the Main Page'); ta['n-portal'] = new Array('','Come here if you don\'t speak Min Dong and need our help'); ta['n-currentevents'] = new Array('','The forum where to discuss anything related to Min Dong Wikipedia'); ta['n-recentchanges'] = new Array('r','The list of recent changes in the wiki.'); ta['n-randompage'] = new Array('x','Load a random page'); ta['n-help'] = new Array('','The place to find out.'); ta['n-sitesupport'] = new Array('','Support us'); ta['t-whatlinkshere'] = new Array('j','List of all wiki pages that link here'); ta['t-recentchangeslinked'] = new Array('k','Recent changes in pages linked from this page'); ta['feed-rss'] = new Array('','RSS feed for this page'); ta['feed-atom'] = new Array('','Atom feed for this page'); ta['t-contributions'] = new Array('','View the list of contributions of this user'); ta['t-emailuser'] = new Array('','Send a mail to this user'); ta['t-upload'] = new Array('u','Upload images or media files'); ta['t-specialpages'] = new Array('q','List of all special pages'); ta['ca-nstab-main'] = new Array('c','View the content page'); ta['ca-nstab-user'] = new Array('c','View the user page'); ta['ca-nstab-media'] = new Array('c','View the media page'); ta['ca-nstab-special'] = new Array('','This is a special page, you can\'t edit the page itself.'); ta['ca-nstab-project'] = new Array('a','View the project page'); ta['ca-nstab-image'] = new Array('c','View the image page'); ta['ca-nstab-mediawiki'] = new Array('c','View the system message'); ta['ca-nstab-template'] = new Array('c','View the template'); ta['ca-nstab-help'] = new Array('c','View the help page'); ta['ca-nstab-category'] = new Array('c','View the category page'); 124 1087 2006-10-07T00:46:05Z GnuDoyng 13 Nguāi gì tō̤-lâung 125 1086 2006-10-07T00:45:12Z GnuDoyng 13 Nguāi gì siék-dêng 126 3535 2006-11-07T16:33:31Z GnuDoyng 13 Īng-dô̤ 127 1095 2006-10-07T00:46:52Z GnuDoyng 13 Nguāi gì gáng-sê-dăng 128 932 2006-10-06T00:05:27Z GnuDoyng 13 Diē-nē̤ lièng gáu cē̤-nē̤ 129 1326 2006-10-09T11:50:12Z GnuDoyng 13 Láuk-diē 130 1331 2006-10-09T11:51:04Z GnuDoyng 13 Láuk-chók 131 1330 2006-10-09T11:50:59Z GnuDoyng 13 Láuk-diē sìng-gŭng 132 1327 2006-10-09T11:50:39Z GnuDoyng 13 Láuk-diē 133 1085 2006-10-07T00:45:05Z GnuDoyng 13 Nguāi gì góng-hióng 134 1355 2006-10-09T14:46:50Z GnuDoyng 13 <strong>Ê̤ṳng-hô $1, nṳ̄ ī-gĭng láuk-diē lāu!</strong><br /> 135 1092 2006-10-07T00:46:33Z GnuDoyng 13 Gă-sĭ 136 1589 2006-10-18T12:05:33Z GnuDoyng 13 Cī-bŏng gì gāi-biéng 137 931 2006-10-06T00:04:24Z GnuDoyng 13 Bŏng-cô 138 929 2006-10-05T23:56:58Z GnuDoyng 13 Siŏng-guăng gì gāi-biéng 139 933 2006-10-06T00:11:38Z GnuDoyng 13 Siông-diòng ùng-giông 140 934 2006-10-06T00:15:55Z GnuDoyng 13 Īng-giū lièng-giék 141 935 2006-10-06T00:16:43Z GnuDoyng 13 Kō̤ páh-éng bēng-buōng 142 936 2006-10-06T00:17:36Z GnuDoyng 13 Bō̤-hô 143 1467 2006-10-13T10:23:54Z GnuDoyng 13 Sìng-tō̤ 144 938 2006-10-06T00:18:30Z GnuDoyng 13 Kó̤ 145 939 2006-10-06T00:18:38Z GnuDoyng 13 Tō̤ 146 1089 2006-10-07T00:46:18Z GnuDoyng 13 Gì-tă gì ngṳ̄-ngiòng 147 941 2006-10-06T00:29:49Z GnuDoyng 13 Páh-éng 148 943 2006-10-06T00:37:34Z GnuDoyng 13 [[$1]] iè gáu [[$2]] 149 944 2006-10-06T00:38:54Z GnuDoyng 13 [[$1]] dṳ̀ng-sĭng dêng-hióng gáu [[$2]] 150 945 2006-10-06T00:43:43Z GnuDoyng 13 Guăng-ṳ̀ 151 946 2006-10-06T00:44:29Z GnuDoyng 13 Wikipedia 152 947 2006-10-06T00:44:40Z GnuDoyng 13 Guăng-ṳ̀ {{SITENAME}} 153 948 2006-10-06T00:46:44Z GnuDoyng 13 "$1" gì mĭk-mā ī-gĭng gié ké̤ṳk $2 lāu. 154 949 2006-10-06T00:47:50Z GnuDoyng 13 Mĭk-mā gié chók lāu. 155 956 2006-10-06T01:02:03Z GnuDoyng 13 Dióng-hô̤ châung-gióng lāu 156 952 2006-10-06T00:51:45Z GnuDoyng 13 $1 gì ê̤ṳng-hô dióng-hô̤ ī-gĭng châung-gióng lāu. 157 1211 2006-10-08T11:03:39Z GnuDoyng 13 Dó̤i-bók-cê̤ṳ, nṳ̄ ī-gĭng kŭi guó $1 dióng-hô̤, mâ̤-sāi gái kŭi 1 ciáh lāu. 158 954 2006-10-06T01:01:23Z GnuDoyng 13 Cék-hèng sìng-gŭng 159 955 2006-10-06T01:01:48Z GnuDoyng 13 Gă-tiĕng gáu gáng-sê-dăng 160 1675 2006-10-20T13:49:21Z GnuDoyng 13 "[[:$1]]" ī-gĭng gă-tiĕng gáu nṳ̄ gì [[Special:Watchlist|gáng-sê-dăng]] lāu. Â-nĭk, ciā hiăh gâe̤ng ĭ tō̤-lâung hiăh gì gāi-biéng cêu â̤ hiēng-sê diŏh hē̤-nē̤; bêng-chiā, nṳ̄ gáng-sê gì hiăh găk "[[Special:Recentchanges|Có̤i-gê̤ṳng gì gāi-biéng]]" dăng-dăng gà̤-dēng gì cê-tā̤ â̤ có̤ '''chŭ-chŭ-nióh'''. Iŏk-sṳ̄ nṳ̄ buóh-siōng téng nṳ̄ gáng-sê-dăng gà̤-dēng dṳ̀ lâi ciā hiăh, áik kóng-cié-dèu (''sidebar'') siông gì "ng-sāi gáng-sê", cêu â̤-sāi lāu. 161 3696 2006-11-16T13:33:33Z GnuDoyng 13 Sū-iū ùng-ciŏng 162 3697 2006-11-16T13:33:34Z GnuDoyng 13 Sū-iū hiăh-miêng ($1 miàng-kŭng-găng) 163 3880 2006-11-26T06:02:52Z GnuDoyng 13 Siông-diòng (''upload''), tài (''deletion''), bō̤-hô (''protection''), hŭng-sō̤ (''blocking''), gâe̤ng guāng-lī-uòng (''sysop'') nĭk-cé ciòng-buô hiēng-sê diŏh â-dā̤. Nṳ̄ â̤-sāi gēng-sōng nĭk-cé lôi-biék, ê̤ṳng-hô gì miàng, hĕ̤k-ciā 1 ciáh hiăh lì gāng-huá giék-guō. 164 1753 2006-10-20T23:44:27Z GnuDoyng 13 Hiê-tūng siĕu-sék 165 964 2006-10-06T01:42:53Z GnuDoyng 13 Hiêng-sì gì ùng-cê 166 965 2006-10-06T01:43:56Z GnuDoyng 13 Nguòng-sṳ̄ gì ùng-cê 167 1813 2006-10-21T08:18:59Z GnuDoyng 13 Tăi siĕu-sék dèu-mĕ̤k: 168 968 2006-10-06T01:49:08Z GnuDoyng 13 Nâ hiēng-sê ô gāi-biéng gì 169 969 2006-10-06T01:49:21Z GnuDoyng 13 Miàng 170 970 2006-10-06T01:51:48Z GnuDoyng 13 Mò̤ bâing-huák sāi-ê̤ṳng '''Special:Allmessages''', ĭng-ôi '''$wgUseDatabaseMessages''' ī-gĭng cĕk lâi gó̤. 171 971 2006-10-06T01:53:23Z GnuDoyng 13 Nṳ̄ hiêng-câi gì gái-miêng ngṳ̄-ngiòng <b>$1</b> buōng câng gì Special:Allmessages mò̤ ciĕ-tì. 172 1755 2006-10-20T23:44:40Z GnuDoyng 13 Cī diŏng dăng-dăng sê MediaWiki miàng-kŭng-găng â̤ ciĕ-tì gì hiê-tūng siĕu-sék. 173 3698 2006-11-16T13:33:46Z GnuDoyng 13 Sū-iū hiăh-miêng (mò̤ diŏh $1 miàng-kŭng-găng) 174 1428 2006-10-12T10:02:55Z GnuDoyng 13 Â̤ kīng bĕk-nè̤ng huák diêng-piĕ ké̤ṳk nṳ̄ 175 3699 2006-11-16T13:33:48Z GnuDoyng 13 Sū-iū hiăh-miêng 176 976 2006-10-06T02:04:08Z GnuDoyng 13 Nṳ̄ sṳ̆-ĭk gì biĕu-dà̤ buōng câng mò̤ ciĕ-tì. 177 1219 2006-10-08T11:17:40Z GnuDoyng 13 Iù ciā cê-mō̤ kăi-sṳ̄ gì miàng: 178 979 2006-10-06T02:05:59Z GnuDoyng 13  1 hiăh 179 1164 2006-10-08T03:41:15Z GnuDoyng 13 Áng cê-tàu hiēng-sê: 180 982 2006-10-06T02:12:15Z GnuDoyng 13 $1 gáu $2 181 983 2006-10-06T02:12:42Z GnuDoyng 13 Ciā ê̤ṳng-hô ī-gĭng sê guăng-lièu lāu 182 984 2006-10-06T02:13:17Z GnuDoyng 13 Ciā ê̤ṳng-hô ī-gĭng sê guāng-lī-uòng lāu 183 985 2006-10-06T02:20:19Z GnuDoyng 13 Mò̤ nièng-ngài huòi-tó̤i [[User:$2|$2]] ([[User talk:$2|Tō̤-lâung]]) có̤i hâiu sū có̤ gì [[$1]] siŭ-gāi; bĕk-nè̤ng ī-gĭng siū-gái hĕ̤k-ciā huòi-tó̤i ciā hiăh-miêng lāu. Có̤i hâiu gì siŭ-gāi sê [[User:$3|$3]] ([[User talk:$3|Tō̤-lâung]]) sū có̤ gì. 184 1647 2006-10-19T13:29:30Z GnuDoyng 13 Dék gô gì hiăh-miêng 185 987 2006-10-06T02:22:00Z GnuDoyng 13 gâe̤ng 186 1356 2006-10-09T14:47:16Z GnuDoyng 13 '''GĪNG-GÓ̤:''' Nṳ̄ muôi láuk-diē. Nṳ̄ gì IP dê-cī â̤ ké̤ṳk gé diŏh ciā hiăh-miêng siŭ-gāi lĭk-sṳ̄ diē-sié. 187 991 2006-10-06T02:29:43Z GnuDoyng 13 - 188 1208 2006-10-08T10:56:07Z GnuDoyng 13 Nâ mò̤-miàng ê̤ṳng-hô 189 1073 2006-10-07T00:38:24Z GnuDoyng 13 Cī ciáh IP gì tō̤-lâung-hiăh 190 3737 2006-11-18T10:14:08Z GnuDoyng 13 Tiăng-dŏng 191 1419 2006-10-11T13:51:01Z GnuDoyng 13 Duâi chéu â 192 1420 2006-10-11T13:53:16Z GnuDoyng 13 Wikipedia:Duâi chéu â 193 997 2006-10-06T02:35:32Z GnuDoyng 13 Hiêng-sì bēng-buōng 194 998 2006-10-06T02:35:34Z GnuDoyng 13 Hiêng-sì bēng-buōng 195 999 2006-10-06T02:36:24Z GnuDoyng 13 Só-gé̤ṳ 196 1000 2006-10-06T02:36:50Z GnuDoyng 13 Só-gé̤ṳ-kó ô dâng 197 3384 2006-11-04T04:54:59Z GnuDoyng 13 Só-gé̤ṳ-kó mò̤ ló̤h kī 198 1170 2006-10-08T10:00:54Z GnuDoyng 13 Dĕk-sṳ̀ hiăh 199 1003 2006-10-06T02:58:18Z GnuDoyng 13 Īng-ê̤ṳng cī piĕng ùng-ciŏng 200 1004 2006-10-06T02:58:18Z GnuDoyng 13 Īng-ê̤ṳng 201 3437 2006-11-06T04:22:10Z GnuDoyng 13 Káuk-nêng tài hiăh 202 1006 2006-10-06T03:01:10Z GnuDoyng 13 Hō̤ 203 1009 2006-10-06T03:02:51Z GnuDoyng 13 Káuk-nêng 204 1010 2006-10-06T03:03:21Z GnuDoyng 13 Káuk-nêng diêng-piĕ dê-cī 205 1012 2006-10-06T03:41:17Z GnuDoyng 13 頭先有儂（可能是汝）趁 IP 地址 $1 găk {{SITENAME}} 使者隻電批地址註冊了"$2"帳號。 者電批地址 nâ 是汝其，請汝拍開下底連結： $3 若使伊 *ng-是*汝，請莫察伊。遘 $4，確認碼會過期。 206 1013 2006-10-06T03:47:43Z GnuDoyng 13 Bō̤-còng nṳ̄ káuk-nêng gì sèng-hâiu huák-sĕng ông-dà̤ lāu. 207 1014 2006-10-06T03:50:55Z GnuDoyng 13 Káuk-nêng mā ô dâng, kō̤-nèng ī-gĭng guó-gĭ lāu. 208 1015 2006-10-06T03:52:04Z GnuDoyng 13 Nṳ̄ gì diêng-piĕ dê-cī hiêng-câi ī-gĭng káuk-nêng lāu. 209 1016 2006-10-06T03:53:19Z GnuDoyng 13 Chiāng nṳ̄ sĕng káuk-nêng nṳ̄ gì diêng-piĕ dê-cī. 210 1074 2006-10-07T00:40:05Z GnuDoyng 13 Tài 211 1084 2006-10-07T00:43:14Z GnuDoyng 13 Iè-dông 212 1093 2006-10-07T00:46:39Z GnuDoyng 13 Ng-sāi gáng-sê 213 1094 2006-10-07T00:46:46Z GnuDoyng 13 Gáng-sê 214 1075 2006-10-07T00:40:11Z GnuDoyng 13 Siŭ-gāi 215 1076 2006-10-07T00:41:39Z GnuDoyng 13 Siŭ-gāi 216 1077 2006-10-07T00:42:12Z GnuDoyng 13 Siŭ-gāi 217 1078 2006-10-07T00:42:19Z GnuDoyng 13 Siŭ-gāi ciā hiăh 218 1025 2006-10-06T04:00:25Z GnuDoyng 13 Diêng-piĕ 219 1026 2006-10-06T04:02:31Z GnuDoyng 13 Iù 220 2935 2006-10-27T12:39:40Z GnuDoyng 13 [[Image:Francuski urzedowy.png|thumb|300px|Huák-ngṳ̄ diŏh sié-gái siông|right]] '''Huák-ngṳ̄''' (法語) sê [[Ĕu-ciŭ]] [[Huák-guók]]-nè̤ng gâe̤ng [[Gă-nā-dâi]] Gā̤-ba̤k Sēng (Québec) nè̤ng sāi gì [[ngṳ̄-ngiòng]]. Ĭng diŏh lĭk-sṳ̄ nguòng-ĭng, gĭng-dáng găh [[Hĭ-ciŭ]] iâ ô cĭng sâ̤ [[guók-gă]] dò̤ Huák-ngṳ̄ có̤ guók-gă gì ciáng-sék ngṳ̄-ngiòng. [[Lièng-hăk-guók]] gâe̤ng gì-tă guók-cié cū-cék iâ ô kĕk Huák-ngṳ̄ siā ùng-giông. ==Lĭk-sṳ̄== Huák-ngṳ̄ sê [[Éng-dô Ĕu-lò̤-bă Ngṳ̄-hiê]] [[Lá-dĭng-ngṳ̄|Lá-dĭng-ngṳ̄-cŭk]] gì siàng-uòng. Gô-dā̤ [[Gŏ̤-lù]] (高盧) dê-kṳ̆ gì nè̤ng gōng Gŏ̤-lù-ngṳ̄, [[Gū Lò̤-mā|Lò̤-mā-nè̤ng]] gáu cuāi-nē̤ ī-hâiu, gâe̤ng Gŏ̤-lù-nè̤ng cà̤-têu giék-huong, dŏng-dê Lò̤-mā-nè̤ng gōng gì Lá-dĭng-ngṳ̄ cêu sêu gáu Gŏ̤-lù-ngṳ̄̄ gì īng-hiōng, huák-diēng siàng Gŏ̤-lù dê-kṳ̆ dŏng-dê gì Lá-dĭng-ngṳ̄ gōng-băh-uâ. [[Gū Lò̤-ma Dâ̤-guók]] miĕk-uòng ī-hâiu, Huák-guók-nè̤ng ôi cī cūng gōng-băh-uâ siék-lĭk tĕ̤k-siā biĕu-cūng, gáu-muōi biéng-siàng Huák-guók gì biĕu-cūng ngṳ̄-ngiòng. ==Cê-mō̤== {| board="0" cellspace="2em" cellpadding="2em" style="background:#dfdfdf; text-align:center; font-size:100%; line-height:16pt" |-bgcolor="#ffffff" | a || b || c || d || e || f || g || h || i || j || k || l || m |-bgcolor="#E0E5FD" | [a] || [be] || [se] || [de] || [ə] || [ɛf] || [ʒe] || [aʃ] || [i] || [ʒi] || [ka] || [ɛl] || [ɛm] |-bgcolor="#ffffff" | n || o || p || q || r || s || t || u || v || w || x || y || z |-bgcolor="#E0E5FD" | [ɛn] || [o] || [pe] || [ky] || [ɛʁ] || [ɛs] || [te] || [y] || [ve] || [dublə ve] || [iks] || [igʁɛk] || [zɛd] |} {{Interwiki|code=fr}} [[Category:Ngṳ̄-ngiòng]] [[af:Franse taal]] [[als:Französische Sprache]] [[am:ፈረንሳይኛ]] [[ang:Frencisc sprǣc]] [[ar:لغة فرنسية]] [[an:Idioma franzés]] [[frp:Francês]] [[ast:Francés]] [[bm:Faransikan]] [[bn:ফরাসি ভাষা]] [[zh-min-nan:Hoat-gí]] [[be:Француская мова]] [[bs:Francuski jezik]] [[br:Galleg]] [[bg:Френски език]] [[ca:Francès]] [[cv:Франци чĕлхи]] [[cs:Francouzština]] [[cy:Ffrangeg]] [[da:Fransk]] [[de:Französische Sprache]] [[en:French language]] [[et:Prantsuse keel]] [[el:Γαλλική γλώσσα]] [[es:Idioma francés]] [[eo:Franca lingvo]] [[eu:Frantses]] [[fa:زبان فرانسوی]] [[fr:Français]] [[fy:Frânsk]] [[ga:Fraincis]] [[gd:Fraingis]] [[gl:Lingua francesa]] [[ko:프랑스어]] [[hy:Ֆրանսերեն]] [[hi:फ़्रांसिसी भाषा]] [[hr:Francuski jezik]] [[io:Franciana linguo]] [[ilo:Pagsasao a Frances]] [[id:Bahasa Perancis]] [[ia:Lingua francese]] [[iu:ᐅᐃᕖᑎᑐᑦ]] [[os:Францусаг æвзаг]] [[is:Franska]] [[it:Lingua francese]] [[he:צרפתית]] [[ka:ფრანგული ენა]] [[kw:Frynkek]] [[sw:Kifaransa]] [[kg:Kifalanse]] [[ht:Lang franse]] [[ku:Zimanê fransî]] [[la:Lingua Francogallica]] [[lv:Franču valoda]] [[lb:Franséisch]] [[lt:Prancūzų kalba]] [[li:Frans]] [[ln:Falansé]] [[jbo:fasybau]] [[hu:Francia nyelv]] [[mk:Француски јазик]] [[mg:Fiteny frantsay]] [[ms:Bahasa Perancis]] [[nl:Frans]] [[nds-nl:Frans]] [[ja:フランス語]] [[no:Fransk språk]] [[nn:Fransk språk]] [[nrm:Fraunceis]] [[oc:Lenga francesa]] [[ug:فرانسۇز تىل]] [[nds:Franzöösche Spraak]] [[pl:Język francuski]] [[pt:Língua francesa]] [[ty:Reo farāni]] [[ro:Limba franceză]] [[rm:Lingua franzosa]] [[ru:Французский язык]] [[se:Fránskkagiella]] [[sc:Limba frantzesa]] [[sco:French leid]] [[sq:Gjuha Frënge]] [[scn:Lingua francisa]] [[simple:French language]] [[sk:Francúzština]] [[sl:Francoščina]] [[sr:Француски језик]] [[sh:Francuski jezik]] [[fi:Ranskan kieli]] [[sv:Franska]] [[tl:Wikang Pranses]] [[ta:பிரெஞ்சு மொழி]] [[th:ภาษาฝรั่งเศส]] [[vi:Tiếng Pháp]] [[tg:Забони фаронсавӣ]] [[tr:Fransızca]] [[uk:Французька мова]] [[wa:Francès]] [[wuu:法文]] [[zh-yue:法語]] [[zh:法语]] 221 1091 2006-10-07T00:46:28Z GnuDoyng 13 Tō̤-lâung 222 1080 2006-10-07T00:42:32Z GnuDoyng 13 Hiăh-miêng lĭk-sṳ̄ 223 1081 2006-10-07T00:42:39Z GnuDoyng 13 Lĭk-sṳ̄ 224 1082 2006-10-07T00:42:49Z GnuDoyng 13 Ùng-giông lĭk-sṳ̄ 225 3281 2006-11-01T19:08:47Z Dcljr 31 includeonly before noinclude {{Bă-biĕk ngṳ̄-ngiòng-M| letter code size=1.2em| letter code=<span lang="en">[[Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄|cdo]]</span>| text size=0.83em| text=<span lang="cdo">Cī ciáh ê̤ṳng-hô gì '''[[:Category:User cdo-M|mū-ngṳ̄]]''' sê '''[[:Category:User cdo|Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄ / Bàng-uâ]]'''.</span>}}<includeonly>[[Category:User cdo|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User cdo-M|{{PAGENAME}}]]</includeonly><noinclude> [[Category:User cdo| M]][[Category:User cdo-M| M]]</noinclude> 227 1121 2006-10-07T09:53:35Z GnuDoyng 13 == Huăng-ngìng guŏng-lìng, $1! == Nṳ̄ gì dióng-hô̤ ī-gĭng kŭi hō̤ lāu. Dāng nṳ̄ â̤-sāi siŭ-gāi nṳ̄ găk {{SITENAME}} gì siék-dêng. 228 3944 2006-12-03T12:39:27Z GnuDoyng 13 /* Ông-cṳ̆ */ '''Hók-ciŭ-uâ''' (福州話) sê [[Hók-gióng]] dĕ̤ng-buô gṳ̆-mìng nĭk-siòng sĕng-uăk diē-sié sāi gì siŏh cṳ̄ng [[ngṳ̄-ngiòng]], sṳ̆k [[Háng-cáung ngṳ̄-hiê]], [[Háng-ngṳ̄|Háng ngṳ̄-cuk]], [[Mìng-ngṳ̄|Mìng-uŏk ngṳ̄-ciĕ]], sê [[Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄]] gì dô̤i-biēu [[huŏng-ngiòng]]. Gòng sié-gái duâi iók ô 1,000 uâng nè̤ng â̤ gōng cī cṳ̄ng ngṳ̄-ngiòng. == Sāi-ê̤ṳng dê-kṳ̆ == Hók-gióng dĕ̤ng buô lĭk-sṳ̄ dê-mĭk „[[Mìng-dṳ̆ng sĕk-ék]]“ (閩中十邑) sê dék-duâi gì gōng Hók-ciŭ-uâ gì dê-huŏng, gòng sié-gái â̤ gōng Hók-ciŭ-uâ nè̤ng diē-sié chiĕu-guó 60% dŭ dêu Găk cū-uái. [[Image:Hok-ciu-ua sai-eeung de-kuu.png|thumb|300px|Hók-ciŭ-uâ găk Hók-gióng gì sāi-ê̤ṳng huâng-ùi (só-cê dâi-biēu gì dê-miàng Găk ùng-ciŏng diē-lié).]] :1 [[Hók-ciŭ]] (福州) :2 [[Mìng-âiu]] (閩侯) :3 [[Bìng-nàng]] (屏南) :4 [[Kŭ-chèng]] (古田) :5 [[Mìng-chiăng]] (閩清) :6 [[Īng-tái]] (永泰) :7 [[Lò̤-nguòng]] (羅源) :8 [[Lièng-gŏng]] (連江) :9 [[Diòng-lŏ̤h]] (長樂) :10 [[Hók-chiăng]] (福清) :11 [[Bìng-tàng]] (平潭) Găk Sĕk-ék ī-nguôi, Hók-gióng gó ô 2 bĭh gâing-kṳ̆ diē-sié gì buô-huông hiŏng-déng liù-tŭng Hók-ciŭ-uâ. :12 [[Iòng-bìng]] (延平, sṳ̆k [[Nàng-bìng]] 南平) gì 3 déng (Tái-bìng, Ciŏng-hù, Iòng-âiu) 2 hiŏng (Chiáh-muòng, Ké̤ṳ-kāu) :13 [[Iù-kă̤]] (尤溪) gì 3 bĭh déng (Iù-kă̤-kāu, Sā̤-bĭng, Iòng-diŏng) [[Dṳ̆ng-nĭk Ciéng-cĕng]] sèng-hâiu, Hók-gióng sēng-céng-hū nô̤i-tó̤i gáu [[Īng-ăng]], ô cĭng sâ̤ gì Hók-ciŭ nè̤ng iâ cāu gáu [[Siông-diô]] gâe̤ng [[Īng-ăng]] biê-nâng. Gĭng-dáng [[Īng-tái]] (dù diē-sié biĕu 15 gì ôi-dé) gâe̤ng [[Sông-chiŏng]] (dù diē-sié biĕu 16 gì ôi-dé) dēng dê-huŏng dŭ ô gōng Hók-ciŭ-uâ gì nè̤ng. [[Dṳ̆ng-huà Ìng-mìng Gê̤ṳng-huò-guók]] gióng-lĭk hâiu, Dṳ̆ng-guók céng-hū ciŏng [[Săng-mìng]] gióng-siék có̤ dê̤ṳng gĕ̤ng-ngiĕk [[siàng-chê]]. Téng hiā-sì-hâiu kī cêu ô cĭng sâ̤ gì Hók-ciŭ chĭng-nièng-gŏ̤ gáu Săng-mìng có̤-gĕ̤ng sìng-gă. Gó-chṳ̄ gĭng-dáng Săng-mìng iâ ô gōng Hók-ciŭ-uâ gì nè̤ng sĕng-uăk găk cī. Lĭk-sṳ̄ gà̤-dēng sié, Mìng-dṳ̆ng sĕk-ék ô cĭng sâ̤ gì nè̤ng gáu [[Mā-lăk-gă]] sĕng-uăk. Cī piĕ nè̤ng iâ ciŏng Hók-ciŭ-uâ dái gáu gĭng-dáng Mā-lăk-gă dê-kṳ̆ [[guók-ga]] diē-sié kó̤. Gĭng-dáng [[Mā-lài-să̤-ā]], [[Éng-dô-nà̤-să̤-ā]], [[Sĭng-gă-pŏ̤]], [[Ùng-lài]] cī 4 bĭh guók-gă dŭ ô Sĕk-ék gì Hâiu-iô sĕng-uăk. Dṳ̆ng-guók [[Gāi-gáik-kŭi-huóng]] hâiu, Â-gĕ̤ng gì [[Diòng-lŏ̤h]], [[Hók-chiăng]] gâe̤ng [[Bìng-tàng]] săng gâing chê gì nè̤ng tŭng-guó gáuk-iông huŏng-huák chók-guók sĕng-uăk, iâ ciŏng Hók-ciŭ-uâ iê gáu ĭ-că̤ sĕng-uăk gì dê-huŏng. Gĭng-dáng [[Mī-guók]] dék-duâi siàng-chê [[Niū-iók]], Hók-ciŭ-uâ ī-gĭng siàng-ùi dâ̤ nê duâi gì [[Háng-nè̤ng]] ngṳ̄-ngiòng (dék duâi gi sê [[Guōng-dĕ̤ng-uâ]]). ==Miàng-chĭng== Gáu gĭng-dáng, Hók-ciŭ-uâ gó mò̤ ciáng-sék gì miàng-chĭng. Găk [[Dṳ̆ng-huà Ìng-mìng Gê̤ṳng-huò-guók]] hŏk-sŭk-gái diē-sié, ék-buăng kek „Mìng-dĕ̤ng huŏng-ngiòng Hók-ciŭ-uâ“ hĕ̤k „Hók-ciŭ huŏng-ngiòng“ lì chĭng-hŭ ĭ. [[Dṳ̆ng-huà Mìng-guók]] [[Lièng-gŏng Gâing]] Gáu-ṳ̆k-guŏk piĕng-siā gì [http://www.jjps.matsu.edu.tw/Web/mother/index.htm Hók-ciŭ-uâ hiŏng-tū gáu-cài] sāi „'''Hók-ciŭ-ngṳ̄'''“ (福州語) lì chĭng-hŭ ĭ. Hiêng-câi [[uōng-diô]] gà̤-dēng iâ ô nè̤ng kĕk „'''[[Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄]]'''“ (閩東語) lì chĭng-hŭ ĭ. Ng-guó găk Sĕk-ék buōng-dê, „Mìng-dĕ̤ng“ táu-dā̤ dŭ mò̤ dò̤ lì chĭng-hŭ Hók-ciŭ-uâ. Găk Sĕk-ék nè̤ng lī-gāi diē-sié, „Mìng-dĕ̤ng“ sê bī [[Hók-ăng]] gâe̤ng [[Nìng-dáik]]. Nâ sāi „Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄“ lì chĭng-hŭ Hók-ciŭ-uâ gì uâ, ng-dáng buōng-iòng nè̤ng mâ̤ â̤ háng-lĭk sê Hók-ăng gâe̤ng Nìng-dáik gì uâ, găk kēu-ngṳ̄ diē-sié, cī bĭh sṳ̀ tĕ̤k la̤ iâ cĭng găk-chó̤i. Găk Sĕk-ék buōng-dê iòng-dŏng-diè sāi „'''Hók-ciŭ-uâ'''“ (福州話) cī bĭh miàng-chĭng lì chĭng-hŭ cī cṳ̄ng ngṳ̄-ngiòng, ng-guó ô sèng-hâiu ôi la̤ giòng-diêu gáuk-dê gì kiŏng, â̤ sāi „Hók-chiăng-uâ“, „Kŭ-chèng-uâ“, „Diòng-lŏ̤h-uâ“ dēng miàng-chĭng. [[Mìng-dĕ̤ng]] dê-kṳ̆ (bău-guăk [[Hók-ciŭ]] gâe̤ng [[Nìng-dáik]]) chŭi-iòng gáuk-dê gì kēu-ĭng dŭ mâ̤ siŏh-iông, dáng-sê dâi-gă-nè̤ng dŭ sāi „'''[[Bàng-uâ]]'''“ (平話) lì chĭng-hŭ ĭ. ==Lĭk-sṳ̄== Hók-ciŭ sê gū-cā [[Mìng-uŏk-guók]] dŭ-siàng, có̤i cā gì gṳ̆-mìng gōng gì sê [[Mìng-uŏk-ngṳ̄]] (閩越語). [[Háng-ū-dá̤]] miĕk-uòng Mìng-uŏk-guók ī-hâiu, báe̤k-huŏng giòng-sié gì [[Háng-ùng-huá]] giàng diē Hók-gióng, Mìng-uŏk-ngṳ̄ iù-sê sṳ̀-dék-dék biéng có̤ [[Háng-ngṳ̄]] gì 1 ciĕ. Hŏk-ciā gōng, có̤i-cā gì [[Mìng-ngṳ̄]] éng-găi sê nguòng-sṳ̄ [[Ngù-ngṳ̄]] (吳語), [[Chū-ngṳ̄]] (楚語) gâe̤ng Mìng-uŏk-ngṳ̄ gì ṳ̀ng-hăk (chăng-kō̤ "[[Hók-gióng lĭk-sṳ̄]]"). Áng cài-lâiu gé-cái, Hók-ciŭ-uâ gì „15 ĭng hiê-tūng“ cêu sê [[Céng-dièu]] hìng-siàng gì, găk [[Dòng-dièu]] kăi-sṳ̄ diâng-hìng. Duâi-buô-hông sṳ̀ iù hiā sèng-hâiu gáu gĭng-dáng táu-dā̤ dŭ mò̤ biéng, bī-liê-gōng Dòng-dièu ô [[sĭ-ìng]] siā guó siŏh dà̤ [[sĭ]], diē-lié ô siŏh guó „郎罷別囝“, ciā „郎罷“ „囝“ cêu sê gĭng-dáng Hók-ciŭ-uâ gì „lòng-bâ“ (hĕ̤k „nòng-mâ“) gâe̤ng „giāng“. Chŭi-iòng Hók-ciŭ-uâ cĭ hâiu dŭ mò̤ sêu gì-tă ngṳ̄-ngiòng gì īng-hiōng, dáng-sê 3 bĭh pé-ĭng ông-muōi ô̤h [[Siông-diô]] ngṳ̄-ngiòng hūng-kuāng kiū biáng siŏh-dŏi /n/, /m/, /ŋ/ → /ŋ/. Giék-guō, „san (山)“ tĕ̤k có̤ /saŋ/, „sam (三)“ iâ tĕ̤k có̤ /saŋ/, gâe̤ng „sang (生)“ biéng có̤ dè̤ng-ĭng-cê. Sáik-muōi-ông-mō̤ iâ huák-sĕng dè̤ng-iông biéng huá, nguòng-lā̤ hùng-ông â-sāu gì sáik-muói /kˀ/ biéng có̤ hò̤-lè̤ng sáik-muōi /ˀ/, ngāi-sáik-muōi /tˀ/ gâe̤ng chói-puòi-sék-muōi /pˀ/ biáng gáu sáik-muōi /kˀ/ diē-sié, giék-guó /pakˀ/ biéng có̤ /paˀ/, „sit (實)“, gâe̤ng „sip (什)“ du te̤k có̤ /sikˀ/ gâe̤ng „sik (食)“ dè̤ng-ĭng. Gáu [[Chĭng-dièu]], ô nè̤ng kiū piĕng-siā ĭng-ông cṳ̆, Hók-ciŭ-uâ dék tāu-miàng gì ông-cṳ̆ «[[Chék Lìng Báik-ĭng]]» (戚林八音) cêu sê hiā sèng-hâiu piĕng gì. Găk Ching-dièu sì-dô̤i Hók-ciŭ-uâ ĭng-ông giék-sṳ̆k biéng-huá, chiông „Chiŭ-ông“ (秋韻) gâe̤ng „Siĕu-ông“ (燒韻) hăk-biáng, „Hŭi-ông“ (輝韻) gâe̤ng „Buŏi-ông“ (飛韻) hăk-biáng. Bók-guó dék duâi gì biéng-huá ô 2 bĭh: tàu-tàu bĭh sê [[ông-mō̤]] sùi [[siăng-diêu]] huák-sĕng sĕ̤ng-ông-huá hĕ̤k kŭi-ông-huá, dâ̤ nê bĭh sê sṳ̀ dài-dŏng gì [[siăng-mō̤]] kiū huák-sĕng dĕ̤k-ĭng-huá hĕ̤k lôi-ĭng-huá. [[Mìng-guók]] cĭ hâiu, Hók-ciŭ-uâ gì ĭng-ông cêu mò̤ cĭng duâi gì biéng-huá lāu. Gáu [[Dṳ̆ng-huà Ìng-mìng Gê̤ṳng-huò-guók]] sìng-lĭk, Hók-ciŭ-uâ siŏh-bĕng duâi-liông cióh diē [[Huà-ngṳ̄]] gì [[sṳ̀]], siŏh-bĕng găk céng-hū ngṳ̄-ngiòng céng-cháik gì páh-dáh â-dā̤ sāi-ê̤ṳng huâng-ùi duâi giŭ, dék duâi gì Hók-ciŭ-uâ siàng-chê Hók-ciŭ â̤-sê gṳ̆ng sùi [[Dài-báe̤k]] gì kă-cék, biéng có̤ dâ̤ nê bĭh diōng-hìng gáu Huà-ngṳ̄ gì Mìng-ngṳ̄ siàng-chê. ==Ngṳ̄-ngiòng dĕk-sáik== Hók-ciŭ-uâ sê [[Gū Háng-ngṳ̄|gū-cā Háng-ngū]] (nguòng-sṳ̄ [[Ngù-ngṳ̄]] gâe̤ng gū [[Chū-ngṳ̄]]) gâe̤ng [[Mìng-uŏk-ngṳ̄]] kău-kiăk buók-săng gì, găk hâiu-sié huák-diēng diô gà̤-dēng bô sêu gáu dŏng-dê [[dê-lī]] [[ùng-huá]] gì īng-hiōng, huák-sĕng sĭng gì biéng-huá. Gó-chṳ̄ Hók-ciŭ-uâ gì ngṳ̄-ngiòng dĕk-sáik găk [[Háng-ngṳ̄]] diē-sié sê cêng-go̤ dŏk-chók. ===Ĭng-ông dĕk-sáik=== ''Ciō dèu-mĕ̤k: [[Hók-ciŭ-uâ ĭng-ông hiê-tūng]]'' Hók-ciŭ-uâ cĭng-sâ̤ gì [[Háng-cê]] ô lâng săng cṳ̄ng tĕ̤k-ĭng. Cuòi cêu sê bàng-siòng gōng gì „băh-uâ“ (白話) gâe̤ng „[[cṳ̆-ngṳ̄]]“ (書語). „Băh-uâ“ sê gū-cā Háng-ngṳ̄ làu giâ gì Háng-cê tĕ̤k-ĭng, „cṳ̆-ngṳ̄“ sê ciŏng-muŏ-muŏ dò̤ la̤ tĕ̤k cṳ̆ sāi. Ĭng-ôi băh-uâ sê lĭk-sṳ̄ mì-làu giâ gì Háng-cê tĕ̤k-ĭng, ô gì tĕ̤k-ĭng cêng-go̤ gū-lō̤, iù cī â̤ huāng-ióng chók Hók-ciŭ-uâ sê cêng-go̤ còng-gū gì ngṳ̄-ngiòng. <table width="333" height="221" border="1" align="center"> <tr> <th colspan="2" bgcolor="#0099FF" scope="col"><div align="center" class="style13"> <div align="center">Băh-uâ</div> </div></th> <th width="120" bgcolor="#0099FF" scope="col"><div align="center" class="style13"> <div align="center">Cṳ̆-ngṳ̄</div> </div></th> <th width="77" bgcolor="#0099FF" scope="col"><div align="center" class="style11"> <div align="center"><span class="style12">Háng-cê</span></div> </div></th> </tr> <tr> <td width="60"><div align="center" class="style16"> <div align="center">chiàng</div> </div></td> <td width="48"><div align="center" class="style10">siàng</div></td> <td><div align="center" class="style16"> <div align="center">sìng</div> </div></td> <td><div align="center" class="style10">成</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td><div align="center" class="style10">săng</div> <div align="center" class="style16"> <div align="center"></div> </div></td> <td><div align="center" class="style10">chăng</div></td> <td><div align="center" class="style16"> <div align="center">sĕng</div> </div></td> <td><div align="center" class="style10">生</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><div align="center" class="style16"> <div align="center">buók</div> </div></td> <td><div align="center" class="style16"> <div align="center">huák</div> </div></td> <td><div align="center" class="style10">發</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><div align="center" class="style16"> <div align="center">huô</div> </div></td> <td><div align="center" class="style16"> <div align="center">ṳ̄</div> </div></td> <td><div align="center" class="style10">雨</div></td> </tr> </table> Hók-ciŭ-uâ ô 7 bĭh [[siăng-diêu]], â̤ buŏng có̤ siông-puái gâe̤ng hâ-puái lâng cṳ̄ng. Găk Hók-ciŭ-kiŏng diē-sié, hâ-puái gì [[diêu-dĭk]] dŭ bī siông-puái gèng. Cuòi găk Háng-ngṳ̄ diē-sié cêng-go̤ hāng giéng. Hók-ciŭ-uâ găk hâiu-sié huák-diēng guó-tiàng dṳ̆ng, [[ông-mō̤]] huák-sĕng sĕ̤ng-ông-huá hĕ̤k kŭi-ông-huá gì biéng-huá, bêng-chiā cī cṳ̄ng biéng-huá gâe̤ng siăng-diêu guăng-hiê cêng-go̤ mĭk-chiék. Cuòi găk Háng-ngṳ̄ diē-sié, iâ sê hāng-giéng gì. Hók-ciŭ-uâ găk 19 gáu 20 sié-gī sèng-hâiu, ĭng-ông hiê-tūng bô huák-sĕng sĭng gì biéng-huá. Sṳ̀-ngṳ̄ diē-sié gì [[siăng-mō̤]] huák-sĕng dĕ̤k-ĭng-huá hĕ̤k-ciā lôi-ĭng-huá. Găk Háng-ngṳ̄ diē-sié, sṳ̀-ngṳ̄ diē-sié gì siăng-mō̤ â̤ huák-sĕng cūng-kuāng biéng-huá gì ngṳ̄-ngiòng ng sê cĭng sâ̤. Hók-ciŭ-uâ gì [[dông-sṳ̀]] dŏ̤-só dŭ sê dăng-kiă ĭng-ciék, găk kēu-ngṳ̄ diē-sié, dăng-kiă ĭng-ciék gì dông-sṳ̀ â̤ huák-sĕng tiĕng-gă „l“ siăng-mō̤ gì hiêng-chiông, niông dông-sṳ̀ biéng có̤ sĕ̤ng-ĭng-ciék hĕ̤k dŏ̤-ĭng-ciék. Chiông „chiă“, tiĕng-gă „l“, biéng có̤ „chiă-liă“, „dăng“ tiĕng-gă „l“, biéng có̤ „dă-lăng“. Găk ùng-huák gà̤-dēng iâ ô tiĕng-gĕ ĭng-só gì hiêng-chiông. Dŏng nè̤ng buóh biēu-dăk „éng-hó“ cī bĭh kái-niêng sèng-hâiu, â̤ ciŏng dăng-kiă ĭng-ciék gì dông-sṳ̀ tiáh kŭi, tiĕng-gă siŏh bĭh [[ông-mō̤]] „i“. Chiông „siā“, tiĕng-gă „i“, biéng có̤ „sì-siā“. ===Gū Háng-ngṳ̄ gì sìng-hông=== Hók-ciŭ-uâ ciō-iéu sê téng [[Gū Háng-ngṳ̄]] huák-diēng chók gì. Ĭng-ôi Hók-ciŭ sêu gáu báe̤k-huŏng īng-hiōng gá-ciēu, bó̤-làu cĭng sâ̤ gū Háng-ngṳ̄ gì sìng-hông. ====Ĭng-ông==== Gū Háng-ngṳ̄ ô 8 bĭh [[siăng-diêu]], găk gĭng-dáng Hók-ciŭ-uâ diē-sié, dṳ̀ siông-ké̤ṳ-diêu (上去調) gâe̤ng siông-siōng-diêu (上上調) hăk-biáng có̤ siōng-siăng (上聲) ī-nguôi, gì-tă siăng-diêu dŭ uòng-chīng bō̤-làu giâ lì. =====Gâe̤ng Huà-ngṳ̄ bī-gáu===== Siông-gū Háng-ngṳ̄ mò̤ kĭng-sùng-ĭng (輕唇音) /f/. Gĭng-dáng [[Huà-ngṳ̄]] diē-sié tĕ̤k /f/ gì cê găk gô-dā̤ dŭ te̤k /p/ hĕ̤k /pʰ/. Cī bĭh hiêng-chiông găk gĭng-dáng Hók-ciĭ-uâ băh-uâ diē-sié ĭng-nguòng â̤ tō̤ diŏh. <table width="333" height="222" border="1" align="center"> <tr> <th bgcolor="#0099FF" scope="col"><div align="center" class="style11"><span class="style12">Hók-ciŭ-uâ tĕ̤k-ĭng</span></div></th> <th bgcolor="#0099FF" scope="col"><div align="center" class="style11"><span class="style12">Huà-ngṳ̄ tĕ̤k-ĭng</span></div></th> <th bgcolor="#0099FF" scope="col"><div align="center" class="style11"><span class="style12">Háng-cê</span></div></th> </tr> <tr> <td><div align="center" class="style10">pŭng</div></td> <td><div align="center" class="style10">fēng</div></td> <td><div align="center" class="style10">蜂</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td><div align="center" class="style10">buông</div></td> <td><div align="center" class="style10">fàn</div></td> <td><div align="center" class="style10">飯</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td><div align="center" class="style10">buók</div></td> <td><div align="center" class="style10">fā</div></td> <td><div align="center" class="style10">發</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td><div align="center" class="style10">pù</div></td> <td><div align="center" class="style10">fú</div></td> <td><div align="center" class="style10">浮</div></td> </tr> </table> Siông-gū Háng-ngṳ̄ mò̤ siĕk-siông-ĭng (舌上音) /ʂ/. Gĭng-dáng Huà-ngṳ̄ diē-sié tĕ̤k kiéu-siék-ĭng „zh“, „ch“ gì cê găk gū Háng-ngṳ̄ ék-buăng dŭ tĕ̤k /t/ hĕ̤k /tʰ/. Hók-ciŭ-uâ gó bō̤-làu ô gū Háng-ngṳ̄ gì cī bĭh dĕk-diēng. <table width="333" height="221" border="1" align="center"> <tr> <th bgcolor="#0099FF" scope="col"><div align="center" class="style11"><span class="style12">Hók-ciŭ-uâ tĕ̤k-ĭng</span></div></th> <th bgcolor="#0099FF" scope="col"><div align="center" class="style11"><span class="style12">Huà-ngṳ̄ tĕ̤k-ĭng</span></div></th> <th bgcolor="#0099FF" scope="col"><div align="center" class="style11"><span class="style12">Háng-cê</span></div></th> </tr> <tr> <td><div align="center" class="style10">dĭ</div></td> <td><div align="center" class="style10">zhī</div></td> <td><div align="center" class="style10">知</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td><div align="center" class="style10">tiŭ</div></td> <td><div align="center" class="style10">chōu</div></td> <td><div align="center" class="style10">抽</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td><div align="center" class="style10">dâe̤ng</div></td> <td><div align="center" class="style10">zhòng</div></td> <td><div align="center" class="style10">重</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td><div align="center" class="style10">dṳ̆k</div></td> <td><div align="center" class="style10">zhú</div></td> <td><div align="center" class="style10">逐</div></td> </tr> </table> Siông-gū Háng-ngṳ̄ diē-sié, „Ăh“ gâe̤ng „Gùng“ lâng bih [[siăng-mō̤]] sê siŏng-tŭng gì. Gĭng-dáng Huà-ngṳ̄ diē-sé tĕ̤k „h“ hĕ̤k „x“ gì cê găk gū Háng-ngṳ̄ diē-sié ô tĕ̤k /k/, iâ ô tĕ̤k lìng-siăng-mō̤ (零聲母, cêu sê mò̤ siăng-mō̤). Hók-ciŭ-uâ băh-uâ bō̤-làu ô gū Háng-ngṳ̄ gì cī bĭh dĕk-diēng. <table width="333" height="221" border="1" align="center"> <tr> <th bgcolor="#0099FF" scope="col"><div align="center" class="style11"><span class="style12">Hók-ciŭ-uâ tĕ̤k-ĭng</span></div></th> <th bgcolor="#0099FF" scope="col"><div align="center" class="style11"><span class="style12">Huà-ngṳ̄ tĕ̤k-ĭng</span></div></th> <th bgcolor="#0099FF" scope="col"><div align="center" class="style11"><span class="style12">Háng-cê</span></div></th> </tr> <tr> <td><div align="center" class="style10">gâing</div></td> <td><div align="center" class="style10">xiàn</div></td> <td><div align="center" class="style10">縣</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td><div align="center" class="style10">gàng</div></td> <td><div align="center" class="style10">hán</div></td> <td><div align="center" class="style10">含</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td><div align="center" class="style10">gâu</div></td> <td><div align="center" class="style10">hòu</div></td> <td><div align="center" class="style10">厚</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td><div align="center" class="style10">uăk</div></td> <td><div align="center" class="style10">huó</div></td> <td><div align="center" class="style10">活</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td><div align="center" class="style10">âu</div></td> <td><div align="center" class="style10">hòu</div></td> <td><div align="center" class="style10">候</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td><div align="center" class="style10">à̤</div></td> <td><div align="center" class="style10">xié</div></td> <td><div align="center" class="style10">鞋</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td><div align="center" class="style10">èng</div></td> <td><div align="center" class="style10">xián</div></td> <td><div align="center" class="style10">閒</div></td> </tr> </table> Siông-gū Háng-ngṳ̄ diē-sié, „Hùng“ gâe̤ng „Ăh“ lâng bĭh siăng-mō̤ sê siŏng-tŭng gì. Gĭng-dáng Huà-ngṳ̄ diē-sié tĕ̤k lìng-siăng-mō̤ gì cê găk gū Háng-ngṳ̄ diē-sié ô tĕ̤k /h/. Hók-ciŭ-uâ băh-uâ bō̤ làu ô gū Háng-ngṳ̄ gì cī bĭh dĕk-diēng. <table width="333" height="221" border="1" align="center"> <tr> <th bgcolor="#0099FF" scope="col"><div align="center" class="style11"><span class="style12">Hók-ciŭ-uâ tĕ̤k-ĭng</span></div></th> <th bgcolor="#0099FF" scope="col"><div align="center" class="style11"><span class="style12">Huà-ngṳ̄ tĕ̤k-ĭng</span></div></th> <th bgcolor="#0099FF" scope="col"><div align="center" class="style11"><span class="style12">Háng-cê</span></div></th> </tr> <tr> <td><div align="center" class="style10">huòng</div></td> <td><div align="center" class="style10">yuán</div></td> <td><div align="center" class="style10">園</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td><div align="center" class="style10">hùng</div></td> <td><div align="center" class="style10">yún</div></td> <td><div align="center" class="style10">雲</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td><div align="center" class="style10">hiăh (hiĕh)</div></td> <td><div align="center" class="style10">yè</div></td> <td><div align="center" class="style10">頁</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td><div align="center" class="style10">huô</div></td> <td><div align="center" class="style10">yǔ</div></td> <td><div align="center" class="style10">雨</div></td> </tr> </table> Siông-gū Háng-ngṳ̄ diē-sié, „Ī (lìng-siăng-mō̤)“ gâe̤ng „Sià“ lâng bĭh siăng-mō̤ sê siŏng-tŭng gì. Gĭng-dáng Huà-ngṳ̄ diē-sié tĕ̤k lìng-siang-mō̤ gì cê găk gū Háng-ngṳ̄ diē-sié ô tĕ̤k /s/. Hók-ciŭ-uâ băh-uâ bō̤-làu ô gū Háng-ngṳ̄ gì cī bĭh dĕk-diēng. <table width="333" height="221" border="1" align="center"> <tr> <th bgcolor="#0099FF" scope="col"><div align="center" class="style11"><span class="style12">Hók-ciŭ-uâ tĕ̤k-ĭng</span></div></th> <th bgcolor="#0099FF" scope="col"><div align="center" class="style11"><span class="style12">Huà-ngṳ̄ tĕ̤k-ĭng</span></div></th> <th bgcolor="#0099FF" scope="col"><div align="center" class="style11"><span class="style12">Háng-cê</span></div></th> </tr> <tr> <td><div align="center" class="style16">sièng</div></td> <td><div align="center" class="style16">yán</div></td> <td><div align="center" class="style10">鹽</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td><div align="center" class="style16">sĭk</div></td> <td><div align="center" class="style16">yì</div></td> <td><div align="center" class="style10">翼</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td><div align="center" class="style16">sìng</div></td> <td><div align="center" class="style16">yíng</div></td> <td><div align="center" class="style10">蠅</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td><div align="center" class="style16">sê̤ṳ</div></td> <td><div align="center" class="style16">yǔ</div></td> <td><div align="center" class="style10">嶼</div></td> </tr> </table> Dṳ̆ng-gū Háng-ngṳ̄ gì /k/, /kʰ/, /h/ găk sá̤-ông sèng-sāu mò̤ niōng-huá có̤ /tɕ/, /tɕʰ/, /ɕ/. Gĭng-dáng Huà-ngṳ̄ ô huák-sĕng cī cṳ̄ng niōng-huá. Hók-ciŭ-uâ uòng-ciòng bō̤-làu gū Háng-ngṳ̄ gì cī bĭh dĕk-diēng. <table width="333" height="221" border="1" align="center"> <tr> <th bgcolor="#0099FF" scope="col"><div align="center" class="style11"><span class="style12">Hók-ciŭ-uâ tĕ̤k-ĭng</span></div></th> <th bgcolor="#0099FF" scope="col"><div align="center" class="style11"><span class="style12">Huà-ngṳ̄ tĕ̤k-ĭng</span></div></th> <th bgcolor="#0099FF" scope="col"><div align="center" class="style11"><span class="style12">Háng-cê</span></div></th> </tr> <tr> <td><div align="center" class="style10">gĭ</div></td> <td><div align="center" class="style10">jī</div></td> <td><div align="center" class="style10">機</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td><div align="center" class="style10">kiă</div></td> <td><div align="center" class="style10">qī</div></td> <td><div align="center" class="style10">欺</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td><div align="center" class="style10">hṳ̆</div></td> <td><div align="center" class="style10">xū</div></td> <td><div align="center" class="style10">虛</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td><div align="center" class="style10">gĭng</div></td> <td><div align="center" class="style10">jīn</div></td> <td><div align="center" class="style10">今</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td><div align="center" class="style10">gă</div></td> <td><div align="center" class="style10">jiā</div></td> <td><div align="center" class="style10">家</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td><div align="center" class="style10">hâ</div></td> <td><div align="center" class="style10">xià</div></td> <td><div align="center" class="style10">下</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td><div align="center" class="style10">kìng</div></td> <td><div align="center" class="style10">qióng</div></td> <td><div align="center" class="style10">瓊</div></td> </tr> </table> Dṳ̆ng-gū Háng-ngṳ̄ gì Ngì-mō̤ „/ŋ/“, gáu gĭng-dáng Huà-ngṳ̄ ī-gĭng biéng mò̤ lāu. Hók-ciŭ-uâ gó bō̤-làu cī bĭh siăng-mō̤. <table width="333" height="221" border="1" align="center"> <tr> <th bgcolor="#0099FF" scope="col"><div align="center" class="style11"><span class="style12">Hók-ciŭ-uâ tĕ̤k-ĭng</span></div></th> <th bgcolor="#0099FF" scope="col"><div align="center" class="style11"><span class="style12">Huà-ngṳ̄ tĕ̤k-ĭng</span></div></th> <th bgcolor="#0099FF" scope="col"><div align="center" class="style11"><span class="style12">Háng-cê</span></div></th> </tr> <tr> <td><div align="center" class="style10">nguāi</div></td> <td><div align="center" class="style10">wǒ</div></td> <td><div align="center" class="style10">我</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td><div align="center" class="style10">nguô</div></td> <td><div align="center" class="style10">wù</div></td> <td><div align="center" class="style10">誤</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td><div align="center" class="style10">ngṳ̀</div></td> <td><div align="center" class="style10">yú</div></td> <td><div align="center" class="style10">魚</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td><div align="center" class="style10">ngàng</div></td> <td><div align="center" class="style10">ái</div></td> <td><div align="center" class="style10">癌</div></td> </tr> </table> Dṳ̆ng-gū Háng-ngṳ̄ ô [[ĭk-siăng]] (入聲), gĭng-dáng Huà-ngṳ̄, [[Siông-diô]] gì [[Mìng-báe̤k-uâ]] ī-gĭng mò̤ ĭk-siăng gó̤ lāu, bók-guó Hók-ciŭ-uâ gó lā̤ uòng-chīng bō̤-làu dṳ̆ng-gū Háng-ngṳ̄ diē-sié gì ĭk-siăng. <table width="333" height="221" border="1" align="center"> <tr> <th bgcolor="#0099FF" scope="col"><div align="center" class="style11"><span class="style12">Hók-ciŭ-uâ tĕ̤k-ĭng</span></div></th> <th bgcolor="#0099FF" scope="col"><div align="center" class="style11"><span class="style12">Huà-ngṳ̄ tĕ̤k-ĭng</span></div></th> <th bgcolor="#0099FF" scope="col"><div align="center" class="style11"><span class="style12">Háng-cê</span></div></th> </tr> <tr> <td><div align="center" class="style10">só̤h</div></td> <td><div align="center" class="style10">suǒ</div></td> <td><div align="center" class="style10">索</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td><div align="center" class="style10">lŏk</div></td> <td><div align="center" class="style10">luò</div></td> <td><div align="center" class="style10">洛</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td><div align="center" class="style10">guŏk</div></td> <td><div align="center" class="style10">jú</div></td> <td><div align="center" class="style10">局</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td><div align="center" class="style10">nĭk</div></td> <td><div align="center" class="style10">rì</div></td> <td><div align="center" class="style10">玉</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td><div align="center" class="style10">ṳ̆k</div></td> <td><div align="center" class="style10">yù</div></td> <td><div align="center" class="style10">育</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td><div align="center" class="style10">diáh (diéh)</div></td> <td><div align="center" class="style10">zhāi</div></td> <td><div align="center" class="style10">摘</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td><div align="center" class="style10">miĕk</div></td> <td><div align="center" class="style10">miè</div></td> <td><div align="center" class="style10">滅</div></td> </tr> </table> =====Gâe̤ng Mìng-nàng-ngṳ̄ bī-gáu===== Gà̤-dēng gōng gì sū-iū dĕk-diēng, [[Mìng-nàng-ngṳ̄]] dŭ gâe̤ng Hók-ciŭ-uâ siŏh-iông. Â-dā̤ gōng lâ Mìng-nàng-ngṳ̄ gâe̤ng Hók-ciŭ-uâ mâ̤ siŏh-iông gì dê-huŏng. Mìng-nàng-ngṳ̄ ô /m/, /n/, /ŋ/, /ⁿ/, /p/, /t/, /k/, /ʔ/ gì kṳ̆-biék, dáng-sê Hók-ciŭ-uâ nâ ô /ŋ/, /k/ gâe̤ng /ŋ/. <table width="333" height="222" border="1" align="center"> <tr> <th bgcolor="#0099FF" scope="col"><div align="center" class="style11"><span class="style12">Hók-ciŭ-uâ tĕ̤k-ĭng</span></div></th> <th bgcolor="#0099FF" scope="col"><div align="center" class="style11"><span class="style12">Mìng-nàng-ngṳ̄ tĕ̤k-ĭng</span></div></th> <th bgcolor="#0099FF" scope="col"><div align="center" class="style11"><span class="style12">Háng-cê</span></div></th> </tr> <tr> <td><div align="center" class="style10">sĭng</div></td> <td><div align="center" class="style10">sim</div></td> <td><div align="center" class="style10">心</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td><div align="center" class="style10">gṳ̆ng</div></td> <td><div align="center" class="style10">kin</div></td> <td><div align="center" class="style10">巾</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td><div align="center" class="style10">gĭng</div></td> <td><div align="center" class="style10">keng</div></td> <td><div align="center" class="style10">經</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td><div align="center" class="style10">giàng</div></td> <td><div align="center" class="style10">kiâⁿ</div></td> <td><div align="center" class="style10">行</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td><div align="center" class="style10">sĕk</div></td> <td><div align="center" class="style10">cha̍p</div></td> <td><div align="center" class="style10">十</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td><div align="center" class="style10">huák</div></td> <td><div align="center" class="style10">hoat</div></td> <td><div align="center" class="style10">法</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td><div align="center" class="style10">guók</div></td> <td><div align="center" class="style10">kok</div></td> <td><div align="center" class="style10">國</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td><div align="center" class="style10">ŏ̤h</div></td> <td><div align="center" class="style10">o̍h</div></td> <td><div align="center" class="style10">學</div></td> </tr> </table> ====Sṳ̀-ngṳ̄==== Hók-ciŭ-uâ [[sṳ̀-ngṳ̄]] diē-sié iâ ô cĭng sâ̤ gū Háng-ngṳ̄ gì sìng-hông. Cī piĕ sṳ̀-ngṳ̄ găk gĭng-diēng diē-sié dŭ â̤ tō̤ diŏh. Ŏ̤h „diē-nè̤ng“ gì „'''diē'''“ (底), cī bĭh cê cêu sê [[Lĕ̤k-dièu]] sèng-hâiu gì ê̤ṳng-ngṳ̄. Lĕ̤k-dièu sèng-hâiu gì Háng-ngṳ̄ sāi „diē“ lì có̤ cī-sê ngì-ông-sṳ̀. Gó ô chiông „nguāi gì nó̤h“, „ĭ gì nó̤h“ diē-sié gì „gì“, sê téng [[Cìng-dièu]] sì-dô̤i bō̤-làu giâ lì. Gĭng-dáng Hók-ciŭ-uâ diē-sié gì „nè̤ng-káh“, „[[hŭng-tăi]]“, „mìng-chòng“, „téng-cièng“ dŭ sê téng [[Dòng-dièu]] [[Sóng-dièu]] sì-dâi sāi gì [[gū Háng-ngṳ̄]] diē-sié bō̤-làu giâ lì. ===Hĭ Háng-ngṳ̄ gì sìng-hông=== Hók-ciŭ-uâ siĕng-tā̤ sê [[Ngù-ngṳ̄]], [[Chū-ngṳ̄]] gâe̤ng [[Mìng-uŏk-ngṳ̄]] kău-kiăk buók-săng gì nguòng-sṳ̄ [[Mìng-ngṳ̄]], gó-chṳ̄ Hók-ciŭ-uâ iâ téng nguòng-sṳ̄ Mìng-ngṳ̄ diē-sié sìng-diòng giâ Chū-ngṳ̄ gâe̤ng Mìng-uŏk-ngṳ̄ gì sìng-hông, chŭi-muōng cī-piĕ sìng-hông mâ̤ sâ̤, dáng-sê găk bàng-siòng-găng dŭ â̤ sāi gáu ĭ. Chiông bâng-nè̤ng gì bâng diōng hō̤ sì-hâiu sāi gì „bâng ô chă gó̤ lāu“ gì „'''chă'''“ cêu sê téng gū Chū-ngṳ̄ lì gì. Gó-ô gì-tă mâ̤ ciēu gì sṳ̀ sê gū-cā Mìng-uŏk-ngṳ̄ lì gì, chiông „'''[[kă]]'''“ ([[Háng-cê]] ô nè̤ng siā có̤ „骹“). ==Ùng-cê== [[Image:Foochow Bible in Characters.gif|thumb|300px|[[Háng-cê]] bēng-buōng gì Hók-ciŭ-uâ [[Séng-gĭng]].|right]] [[Image:Dictionary of Foochow Dialect 1.jpg|thumb|150px|1874 nièng chók-bēng gì «Dictionary of Foochow Dialect», diē-lié gì sṳ̀-dèu sāi Háng-cê gâe̤ng [[Bàng-uâ-cê]].|left]] Hók-ciŭ-uâ sāi [[Háng-cê]] gâe̤ng [[Lò̤-mā-cê]] lâng cṳ̄ng [[ùng-cê]] gé-liŏh ngṳ̄-ngiòng. Háng-cê sê gṳ̆ng Háng-nè̤ng dái gáu Sĕk-ék gì. Hók-ciŭ-uâ săng buōng ông-cṳ̆ gâe̤ng tāu-miàng gì siēu-siók dŭ sê kĕk Háng-cê siā gì. Dŏng-dê chióng-hié, gōng [[bìng-uâ]] (評話) gì nè̤ng iâ sê kĕk Háng-cê siā gŏ̤-sṳ̀ hĕ̤k kiŏh-buōng. Buók-guó, Háng-cê gâe̤ng Hók-ciŭ-uâ mâ̤ báh-hông-báh dó̤i-kiăk, ô gì cê mò̤ nièng-ngài kĕk Háng-cê siā, ô gì nè̤ng cêu siā „cióh-ĭng“, „hông-tĕ̤k“ gâe̤ng „cê̤ṳ-cháung Háng-cê“ săng cṳ̄ng huŏng-sék lì gāi-giók ciā ông-dà̤. [[Chĭng-dièu]] muăk-gĭ sèng-hâiu, téng [[Ĭng-guók]] lì gì [[Gĭ-dók-gáu]] Séng-gŭng-huôi [[diòng-gáu-sê̤ṳ]] [[Sṳ̄ Lŏk-báik]] (''Robert W. Stewart'') ôi Hók-ciŭ-uâ huák-mìng siŏh tó̤ sāi Lò̤-mā-cê pĭng-siā gì pĭng-ĭng huŏng-áng, hāu lō̤ „'''[[Bàng-uâ-cê]]'''“ (平話字). Gĭ-dók gáu-huôi iù-sê kĕk cī cṳ̄ng ùng-cê chók-bēng lāu Hók-ciŭ-uâ [[Séng-gĭng]] gâe̤ng Hók-ciŭ-uâ [[sṳ̀-diēng]] (''Dictionary of Foochow Dialect''). ==Ông-cṳ̆== Găk [[Mìng-ngṳ̄]] diē-sié, dék-cā pieng-siā ông-cṳ gì ngṳ̄-ngiòng sê Hók-ciu-uâ. Gáu ging-dáng, Hók-ciu-uâ ô 3 buōng ông-cṳ dék tāu-miàng, hung-biék sê «Chék Chăng-cióng Báik-ĭng Cê-ngiê Biêng-lāng» (戚參將八音字義便覽), «Tái-sṳ̄ Lìng Pék-săng Sĭng-săng Ciŏ-ngṳ̆k Dùng-siăng» (太史林碧山先生珠玉同聲) gâe̤ng «[[Gă dêng Mī-ciòng Báik-ĭng]]» (加訂美全八音). Sèng lâng buōng găk [[Chĭng-dièu]] sèng-hâiu gâe̤ng nè̤ng hăk-biáng siŏh-dŏi, miàng-cê hāu lā̤ «[[Chék Lìng Báik-ĭng]]» (戚林八音). ==Ùng-hŏk== Téng [[Chĭng-dièu]] kī cêu ô nè̤ng kĕk Hók-ciŭ-uâ siā [[siēu-siók]], miàng dék tāu gì siēu-siók sê «[[Mìng-dŭ Biék Gé]]» (閩都別記). Ĭ sê [[Chĭng-dièu]] sèng-hâiu siā gì, chók-ciā sê [[Lī-ìng-hò̤-giù]] (裏人何求), cuòi sê ĭ gì bék-miàng, cáuk-ciā gì cĭng-miàng ī-gĭng mò̤ nièng-ngài tō̤ lāu. «Mìng-dŭ Biék Gé» sê ciŏng-huòi-tā̤ gì tŭng-sṳ̆k siēu-siók, táu cṳ̆ ô 380 huòi, diē-sié siā ô cĭng sâ̤ Hók-ciŭ dŏng-dê gì diòng-siók. Cī buô siēu-siók dó̤i Hók-ciŭ-uâ gì ngiêng-ngṳ̄ ô hēng duâi īng-hiōng, chiông „[[dáh-chió-cék]]“ cêu sê téng diē-sié lì gì. [[Bàng-uâ-cê]] [[ùng-hók]] mâ̤ sâ̤ bêng-chiā dŏ̤-só sê gâe̤ng [[cŭng-gáu]] ô găng-guó gì. Bàng-uâ-cê ùng-hók dé̤ṳ-cáuk sê 1908 nièng chók-bēng gì «'''SÉNG-GĬNG SĬNG-GÔ-IÓK CIÒNG-CṲ̆'''» ([http://historical.library.cornell.edu/cgi-bin/cul.cdl/docviewer?did=cdl181&view=50&frames=0&seq=5 1], [http://historical.library.cornell.edu/cgi-bin/cul.cdl/docviewer?did=cdl180&seq=3&frames=0&view=50 2]). Cī buô ciòng-cṳ̄ ciong gōng buô [[Séng-gĭng]] sāi Hók-ciŭ buōng-gē̤ng uâ hĕ̤k buōng-gē̤ng gì biēu-dăk huŏng-sék huăng-ĭk chók lì, chŭi-iòng ô gì ê̤ṳng-sṳ̀ piĕng [[ùng-ngiòng-ùng]], dáng sê ĭ gì gá-dĭk uòng-ciòng chiĕu-guó cī-pie chó̤-nguô. ==Ngiê-dāu lièng-giék== * [http://www.jjps.matsu.edu.tw/Web/mother/index.htm Dṳ̆ng-huà Mìng-guók Lièng-gŏng Gâing Gáu-ṳ̆k-guŏk piĕng-siā gì Hók-ciŭ-uâ hiŏng-tū gáu-cài] [[Category:Ngṳ̄-ngiòng]] [[Category:Mìng-cṳ̆]] [[Category:Sĕk-ék]] [[en:Fuzhou dialect]] [[ja:福州語]] [[zh:福州話]] [[zh-min-nan:Hok-chiu-oē]] 229 1070 2006-10-07T00:32:02Z GnuDoyng 13 Iè-dông ùng-ciŏng 230 1071 2006-10-07T00:32:06Z GnuDoyng 13 iè gáu 231 1096 2006-10-07T00:48:50Z GnuDoyng 13 Sèng 1 hiăh 232 1097 2006-10-07T00:52:17Z GnuDoyng 13 Ùng-ciŏng 233 1098 2006-10-07T00:52:29Z GnuDoyng 13 Ùng-ciŏng 234 1752 2006-10-20T23:44:19Z GnuDoyng 13 Siĕu-sék 235 1187 2006-10-08T10:30:28Z GnuDoyng 13 Gĕ̤ng-tiàng hiăh 236 1101 2006-10-07T00:54:23Z GnuDoyng 13 Muò-bēng 237 1102 2006-10-07T00:54:40Z GnuDoyng 13 Ê̤ṳng-hô hiăh 238 1103 2006-10-07T00:54:52Z GnuDoyng 13 Iè-dông sìng-gŭng 240 2932 2006-10-26T16:41:11Z GnuDoyng 13 /* [[User:GnuDoyng|GnuDoyng]] */ Hèng-céng ìng-uòng bău-guăk guāng-lī-uòng (administrators) gâe̤ng guăng-lièu (bureaucrats). ==Dĕk-guòng gâe̤ng cáik-êng== ===Guāng-lī-uòng=== ====Bō̤-hô hiăh gâe̤ng chṳ̄-siĕu bō̤-hô==== * Siŭ-gāi sêu bō̤-hô gì hiăh. * Bō̤-hô gâe̤ng chṳ̄-siĕu bō̤-hô. ====Tài hiăh gâe̤ng géu hiăh==== * Guāng-lī-uòng â̤-sāi ciŏng hiăh gâe̤ng hiăh gì lĭk-sū tài lâi, iâ â̤-sāi ciŏng tài lâi gì hiăh géu diōng lì. * Â̤-sāi káng ké̤ṳk nè̤ng tài lâi gì hiăh gâe̤ng ĭ gì lĭk-sṳ̄. * Tài siông-diòng gì ùng-giông, dáng-sê mò̤ nièng-ngài gái géu diōng lì. ====Huòi-hók gô bēng-buōng==== * Nâ ô nè̤ng pó̤-huâi Wikipedia gì ùng-ciŏng, ĭ ô nièng-ngài huòi-hók gáu gô bēng-buōng. ====Hŭng-sō̤==== * Hŭng-sō̤ ê̤ṳng-hô/IP. * Chṳ̄-siĕu hŭng-sō̤. ====Buōng-dê-huá gái-miêng==== * Sāi [[Hók-ciŭ-uâ]] huăng-ĭk [[Special:Allmessages|hiê-tūng séng-sék]]. ===Guăng-lièu=== Gà̤-dēng gì guòng-hâing ciòng-buô sê guāng-lī-uòng gì. Guăng-lièu nâ ô kŭi-tŭng bĕk-nè̤ng guāng-lī-uòng gâe̤ng guăng-lièu gì guòng-lĭk. ==Miàng-dăng== ===Guāng-lī-uòng=== *[[User:GnuDoyng]] ===Guăng-lièu=== *[[User:GnuDoyng]] ==Tà̤-miàng== Chiāng gāi-sék siŏh â nṳ̄ ká̤-sié ó̤i-dĭk Bàng-uâ Wiki gì guāng-lī-uòng hĕ̤k-ciā guăng-lièu guòng-hâing. Năng-gă â̤ găk cē̤-nē̤ dàu piéu. Nâ-sê-gōng duâi-buô-hông nè̤ng dŭ ciĕ-tì nṳ̄, Bâng-uâ Wiki gì guăng-lièu cêu â̤ ké̤ṳk nṳ̄ kŭi-tŭng guòng-hâing. ===[[Wikipedia:Hèng-céng Ìng-uòng/GnuDoyng|GnuDoyng]]=== <!--Interwiki--> [[af:Wikipedia:Administrateur]] [[als:Wikipedia:Administratoren]] [[ar:ويكيبيديا:إداريون]] [[arc:Wikipedia:Administrators]] [[ast:Uiquipedia:Alministradores]] [[av:Википедия:Администраторал]] [[zh-min-nan:Wikipedia:Hêng-chèng jîn-oân]] [[be:Вікіпэдыя:Адміністрацыя]] [[bg:Уикипедия:Администратори]] [[bm:Wikipedia:Administrateurs]] [[br:Wikipedia:Merourien]] [[bs:Wikipedia:Administratori]] [[ca:Viquipèdia:Administradors]] [[cs:Wikipedie:Správci]] [[cy:Wicipedia:Gweinyddwyr]] [[da:Wikipedia:Administratorer]] [[de:Wikipedia:Administratoren]] [[el:Βικιπαίδεια:Διαχειριστές]] [[en:Wikipedia:Administrators]] [[eo:Vikipedio:Administrantoj]] [[es:Wikipedia:Bibliotecarios]] [[et:Vikipeedia:Administraatorid]] [[eu:Wikipedia:Administratzaileak]] [[fa:ویکی‌پدیا:مدیران]] [[fi:Wikipedia:Ylläpitäjät]] [[fj:Wikipedia:Administrators]] [[fo:Wikipedia:Umboðsstjóri]] [[fr:Wikipédia:Administrateur]] [[fur:Vichipedie:Aministradôrs]] [[fy:Wikipedy:Behearders]] [[ga:Vicipéid:Riarthóirí]] [[gl:Wikipedia:Administradores]] [[gu:વિકિપીડિયા:પ્રબંધક]] [[ha:Wikipedia:Administrators]] [[he:ויקיפדיה:מפעיל מערכת]] [[hi:विकिपीडिया:प्रबन्धक]] [[hr:Wikipedija:Administratori]] [[hu:Segítség:Adminisztrátorok]] [[ia:Wikipedia:Administratores]] [[id:Wikipedia:Pengurus]] [[io:Wikipedia:Administranti]] [[is:Wikipedia:Stjórnendur]] [[it:Wikipedia:Amministratori]] [[ja:Wikipedia:管理者]] [[ka:ვიკიპედია:ადმინისტრატორები]] [[kk:Wikipedia:Әкімшілер]] [[kn:ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ:ನಿರ್ವಾಹಕರು]] [[ko:위키백과:관리자]] [[ks:Wikipedia:Administrators]] [[ku:Wîkîpediya:Koordînasyon]] [[la:Vicipaedia:Magistratus]] [[lad:Wikipedia:Administradores]] [[lb:Wikipedia:Administratoren]] [[li:Wikipedia:Systeemwèrkers]] [[lmo:Wikipedia:Aministraduur]] [[lt:Wikipedia:Administratoriai]] [[lv:Wikipedia:Administrācija]] [[mi:Wikipedia:Administrators]] [[mk:Википедија:Администратори]] [[ms:Wikipedia:Penyelia]] [[mt:Wikipedija:Amministraturi]] [[na:Wikipedia:Administrators]] [[nap:Wikipedia:Amministratore]] [[nds:Wikipedia:Administraters]] [[nl:Wikipedia:Moderator]] [[nn:Wikipedia:Administratorar]] [[no:Wikipedia:Administratorer]] [[os:Википеди:Админтæ]] [[pl:Wikipedia:Administratorzy]] [[ps:Wikipedia:Administrators]] [[pt:Wikipedia:Administradores]] [[rmy:Vikipidiya:Administratorurya]] [[ro:Wikipedia:Administratori]] [[ru:Википедия:Администраторы]] [[sa:Wikipedia:Administrators]] [[scn:Wikipedia:Amministraturi]] [[se:Wikipedia:Hálddašeaddjit]] [[simple:Wikipedia:Administrators]] [[sk:Wikipédia:Správcovia]] [[sl:Wikipedija:Administratorji]] [[sm:Wikipedia:Administrators]] [[sq:Wikipedia:Administruesit]] [[sr:Википедија:Администратори]] [[su:Wikipedia:Kuncén]] [[sv:Wikipedia:Administratörer]] [[sw:Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]] [[th:วิกิพีเดีย:ผู้ดูแลระบบ]] [[tk:Wikipedia:Yöneticilik Başvurusu]] [[tl:Wikipedia:Mga Tagapangasiwa]] [[tr:Vikipedi:Yöneticiler]] [[tt:Wikipedia:İdäräçelär]] [[uk:Вікіпедія:Адміністратори]] [[vec:Wikipedia:Aministradori]] [[vi:Wikipedia:Người quản lý]] [[wa:Wikipedia:Manaedjeus]] [[yi:װיקיפּעדיע:Administrators]] [[zh:Wikipedia:管理员]] [[zh-yue:Wikipedia:管理員]] 241 3324 2006-11-01T21:16:45Z Dcljr 31 includeonly/noinclude categories {{Bă-biĕk ngṳ̄-ngiòng-M| letter code size=1.2em| letter code=<span lang="en">[[Ngù-ngṳ̄|wuu]]</span>| text size=0.83em| text=<span lang="nan">搿個用戶个'''[[:Category:User wuu-M|母語]]'''是'''[[:Category:User wuu|吳語]]'''。</span>}}<includeonly>[[Category:User wuu|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User wuu-M|{{PAGENAME}}]]</includeonly><noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:User wuu| M]][[Category:User wuu-M| M]] [[zh:Template:User zh-wuu]]</noinclude> 242 3869 2006-11-26T05:26:21Z GnuDoyng 13 {| width="35%" align="right" cellpadding="5" class="noprint" style="float:right; clear:both; border:solid #008 2px; margin:0em 0em 0.5em 0.5em; width:35%;" |- | [[Image:Wikipedia-logo.png|50px|none|Wikipedia]] | width="100%" | [[Wikipedia]] ô '''''[[:{{{code}}}:|{{PAGENAME}}]]''''' cī cṳ̄ng ngṳ̄-ngiòng gì bēng-buōng. |} 243 1357 2006-10-09T14:47:27Z GnuDoyng 13 ----''Cī diŏng tō̤-lâung-hiăh mò̤ gó-dêng gì dióng-hô̤, nâ ô 1 ciáh IP dê-cī. Chiāng cé̤ṳ-é: Kō̤-nèng ng-nié 1 ciáh nè̤ng sāi-ê̤ṳng cī ciáh IP dê-cī. Iŏk-sṳ̄ nṳ̄ gó muôi kŭi 1 ciáh dióng-hô̤ bêng-chiā giéng-gáe̤k ciā làu-uâ sê làu ké̤ṳk nṳ̄ gì, chiāng nṳ̄ [[Special:Userlogin|kŭi 1 ciáh dióng-hô̤ hĕ̤k-ciā láuk-diē]], cêu â̤ piáh-miēng ī-hâiu gái huák-sĕng cūng-kuāng ông-dà̤.'' 244 1131 2006-10-07T11:17:10Z GnuDoyng 13 {{SITENAME}} gì mò̤ miàng ê̤ṳng-hô. 245 1132 2006-10-07T11:20:33Z GnuDoyng 13 "$1" gì miàng ké̤ṳk ī-gĭng cé̤ṳ-cháh gì dióng-hô̤ "$2" kák chiông lāu. Chiāng uâng 1 ciáh miàng. 246 1133 2006-10-07T12:40:28Z GnuDoyng 13 4ng 247 1134 2006-10-07T12:40:51Z GnuDoyng 13 Sé nguŏk 248 1135 2006-10-07T12:41:24Z GnuDoyng 13 8ng 249 1136 2006-10-07T12:41:36Z GnuDoyng 13 Báik nguŏk 250 1137 2006-10-07T12:42:22Z GnuDoyng 13 Ék nguŏk 251 1138 2006-10-07T12:42:28Z GnuDoyng 13 1ng 252 1139 2006-10-07T12:42:54Z GnuDoyng 13 2ng 253 1140 2006-10-07T12:43:05Z GnuDoyng 13 Nê nguŏk 254 1141 2006-10-07T12:43:32Z GnuDoyng 13 3ng 255 1142 2006-10-07T12:43:45Z GnuDoyng 13 Săng nguŏk 256 1143 2006-10-07T12:44:12Z GnuDoyng 13 5ng 257 1144 2006-10-07T12:44:25Z GnuDoyng 13 Ngô nguŏk 258 1145 2006-10-07T12:44:53Z GnuDoyng 13 6ng 259 1146 2006-10-07T12:45:05Z GnuDoyng 13 Lĕ̤k nguŏk 260 1147 2006-10-07T12:45:41Z GnuDoyng 13 7ng 261 1148 2006-10-07T12:45:50Z GnuDoyng 13 Chék nguŏk 262 1149 2006-10-07T12:46:57Z GnuDoyng 13 Gāu nguŏk 263 1150 2006-10-07T12:47:00Z GnuDoyng 13 9ng 264 1151 2006-10-07T12:47:50Z GnuDoyng 13 Sĕk nguŏk 265 1152 2006-10-07T12:47:58Z GnuDoyng 13 10ng 266 1153 2006-10-07T12:48:31Z GnuDoyng 13 11ng 267 1154 2006-10-07T12:48:45Z GnuDoyng 13 Sĕk-ék nguŏk 268 1155 2006-10-07T12:49:14Z GnuDoyng 13 12ng 269 1156 2006-10-07T12:49:24Z GnuDoyng 13 Sĕk-nê nguŏk 270 1786 2006-10-21T07:41:19Z GnuDoyng 13 Ciáng-sê, tài sī cī miêng hiăh 271 1158 2006-10-07T13:13:51Z GnuDoyng 13 Buóh tài gì nguòng-ĭng 272 1159 2006-10-07T13:14:52Z GnuDoyng 13 Ī-gĭng tài sī gì bēng-buōng $1. 273 1160 2006-10-07T13:17:50Z GnuDoyng 13 Bō̤-còng ciā hiăh 274 1481 2006-10-13T13:47:32Z GnuDoyng 13 Ché káng mâing 275 1162 2006-10-07T13:21:31Z GnuDoyng 13 Káng gāi-biéng gì buô-hông 276 1163 2006-10-08T03:39:17Z GnuDoyng 13 Dà̤-giŏng 277 1165 2006-10-08T03:42:01Z GnuDoyng 13 Gáng-sê ciā hiăh 278 1166 2006-10-08T03:42:05Z GnuDoyng 13 Gáng-sê ciā hiăh 279 1167 2006-10-08T03:42:12Z GnuDoyng 13 Gáng-sê ciā hiăh 280 1168 2006-10-08T03:43:20Z GnuDoyng 13 ~ 281 1169 2006-10-08T09:59:02Z GnuDoyng 13 Sĕk nguŏk 282 1171 2006-10-08T10:01:01Z GnuDoyng 13 Dĕk-sṳ̀ hiăh 283 1172 2006-10-08T10:02:07Z GnuDoyng 13 chă 284 1173 2006-10-08T10:02:38Z GnuDoyng 13 sṳ̄ 285 1174 2006-10-08T10:08:49Z GnuDoyng 13 Ṳ̄ng-sṳ̆ céng-cháik 286 1186 2006-10-08T10:29:50Z GnuDoyng 13 Guó-éu siŭ-gāi 287 1176 2006-10-08T10:10:48Z GnuDoyng 13 Iè-dông nĭk-cé 288 1359 2006-10-09T14:47:49Z GnuDoyng 13 Muôi láuk-diē 289 1178 2006-10-08T10:16:30Z GnuDoyng 13 Ciā hiāh-miêng sê diŏh $2, $1, iù $3 có̤i-hâiu siŭ-gāi gì. 290 1179 2006-10-08T10:16:45Z GnuDoyng 13 Ciā hiāh-miêng sê diŏh $2, $1 có̤i-hâiu siŭ-gāi gì. 291 1180 2006-10-08T10:20:15Z GnuDoyng 13 Buōng câng gì cṳ̆-lâu dŭ sê gŏng-gé̤ṳ $1 huák-buó gì. 292 1181 2006-10-08T10:23:15Z GnuDoyng 13 Mò̤ hô-cáik sĭng-mìng 293 1182 2006-10-08T10:24:48Z GnuDoyng 13 Só-gé̤ṳ 294 1183 2006-10-08T10:25:05Z GnuDoyng 13 Dĕk-sṳ̀ hiăh 295 1184 2006-10-08T10:28:01Z GnuDoyng 13 Mùi-tā̤ hiăh 296 1185 2006-10-08T10:28:21Z GnuDoyng 13 Dĕk-sṳ̀ 297 1188 2006-10-08T10:32:08Z GnuDoyng 13 Nguòng-ĭng 298 1189 2006-10-08T10:32:22Z GnuDoyng 13 Iè-dông ciā hiăh 299 1190 2006-10-08T10:32:38Z GnuDoyng 13 Nguāi gì hiăh-miêng 300 1191 2006-10-08T10:33:02Z GnuDoyng 13 Miàng-kŭng-găng: 301 1192 2006-10-08T10:33:16Z GnuDoyng 13 Ê̤ṳng-hô-miàng: 302 1193 2006-10-08T10:33:26Z GnuDoyng 13 Sĭng mĭk-mā: 303 1194 2006-10-08T10:33:39Z GnuDoyng 13 Gô mĭk-mā: 304 1195 2006-10-08T10:33:46Z GnuDoyng 13 Hō̤ 305 1333 2006-10-09T11:51:15Z GnuDoyng 13 Láuk-chók 306 1328 2006-10-09T11:50:45Z GnuDoyng 13 Láuk-diē 307 1358 2006-10-09T14:47:40Z GnuDoyng 13 Chiāng sĕng láuk-diē 308 1332 2006-10-09T11:51:09Z GnuDoyng 13 Láuk-diē / kŭi dióng-hô̤ 309 1201 2006-10-08T10:46:00Z GnuDoyng 13 Siŭ-gāi bŏng-cô 310 1202 2006-10-08T10:46:09Z GnuDoyng 13 Siŭ-gāi $1 311 1203 2006-10-08T10:46:26Z GnuDoyng 13 Siŭ-gāi $1 (bìng-lâung) 312 3796 2006-11-19T02:34:57Z GnuDoyng 13 Siŭ-gāi $1 (dâung) 313 1205 2006-10-08T10:50:44Z GnuDoyng 13 Help:Siŭ-gāi 314 1209 2006-10-08T10:57:58Z GnuDoyng 13 <strong>GĪNG-GÓ̤: Nṳ̄ hiêng-câi lā̤ siŭ-gāi ciā hiăh-miêng ī-gĭng guó-gĭ gì bēng-buōng. Nṳ̄ nâ bō̤-còng ĭ, cī ciáh gô bēng-buōng cĭ-hâiu gì siŭ-gāi cêu mò̤ lāu.</strong> 315 1210 2006-10-08T10:58:48Z GnuDoyng 13 Siŭ-gāi ciā hiăh gì hiêng-sì bēng-buōng 316 1212 2006-10-08T11:06:43Z GnuDoyng 13 Sùi-biêng muōng káng 317 1214 2006-10-08T11:08:20Z GnuDoyng 13 Special:Random 318 1215 2006-10-08T11:09:08Z GnuDoyng 13 Muōng káng dṳ̀ng-sĭng dêng-hióng 319 1216 2006-10-08T11:11:01Z GnuDoyng 13 Sé nguŏk 320 1218 2006-10-08T11:15:59Z GnuDoyng 13 Wikimedia:资助 321 1601 2006-10-18T15:35:07Z GnuDoyng 13 <div class="plainlinks" style="margin-top:1px;border-width:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:#aaaaaa;padding:2px;font-family:Charis SIL,Arial Unicode MS,Lucida Sans Unicode"> [[Bàng-uâ-cê]] dĕk-sṳ̀ cê-mō̤: <big><charinsert>a̤ e̤ o̤ ṳ</charinsert> · <charinsert>A̤ E̤ O̤ Ṳ</charinsert> · <charinsert>ă ă̤ ĕ ĕ̤ ĭ ŏ ŏ̤ ŭ ṳ̆</charinsert> · <charinsert>Ă Ă̤ Ĕ Ĕ̤ Ĭ Ŏ Ŏ̤ Ŭ Ṳ̆</charinsert> · <charinsert>ā ā̤ ē ē̤ ī ō ō̤ ū ṳ̄</charinsert> · <charinsert>Ā Ā̤ Ē Ē̤ Ī Ō Ō̤ Ū Ṳ̄</charinsert> · <charinsert>á á̤ é é̤ ó ó̤</charinsert> · <charinsert>Á Á̤ É É̤ Ó Ó̤</charinsert> · <charinsert>à à̤ è è̤ ì ò ò̤ ù ṳ̀</charinsert> · <charinsert>À À̤ È È̤ Ì Ò Ò̤ Ù Ṳ̀</charinsert> · <charinsert>â â̤ ê ê̤ ô ô̤</charinsert> · <charinsert> Â̤ Ê Ê̤ Ô Ô̤</charinsert> </big></div> Chiāng cé̤ṳ-é: {{SITENAME}} gà̤-dēng gì giĕng-dṳ̆k piĕng ùng-ciŏng dŭ sê gŏng-gé̤ṳ $2 sū huák-buó gì (chăng-kō̤ $1 liēu-gāi gáing sâ̤ séng-sék). Nṳ̄ nâ mò̤ nguông-é bĕk-nè̤ng siŭ-gāi nṳ̄ gì ùng-ciŏng, chiāng ng-sāi găk cē̤-nē̤ huák-biēu.<br /> Nṳ̄ nâ diŏh {{SITENAME}} huák-biēu ùng-ciŏng, nṳ̄ cêu sê hióng dâi-gă-nè̤ng bō̤-céng cuòi sê nṳ̄ cê-gă siā gì, hĕ̤k-ciā sê téng gŭng-gê̤ṳng-mĭk (''public domain'') hĕ̤k gì-tă cê̤ṳ-iù cṳ̆-nguòng hók-cié lì gì.<br /> <strong>GĪNG-GÓ̤: CIŎK-DÓ̤I NG-TĔ̤NG TĂU-BUÀNG SÊU BĒNG-GUÒNG BŌ̤-HÔ GÌ CÁUK-PĪNG!</strong> 322 3442 2006-11-06T04:42:38Z GnuDoyng 13 (gié-sṳ̆k sèng-dāu) 323 3329 2006-11-01T21:21:44Z Dcljr 31 includeonly/noinclude categories {{Bă-biĕk ngṳ̄-ngiòng-3| letter code size=1.2em| letter code=<span lang="en">[[Mìng-nàng-ngṳ̄|nan]]</span>| text size=0.83em| text=<span lang="nan">Chit-ê iōng-chiá tha̍k-siá '''[[:Category:User nan|Bân-lâm-ōe / Hō-ló-ōe]]''' ê lêng-le̍k sī '''[[:Category:User nan-3|ko-kip]]'''.</span>}}<includeonly>[[Category:User nan|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User nan-3|{{PAGENAME}}]]</includeonly><noinclude> [[Category:User nan| 3]][[Category:User nan-3| 3]] [[de:Vorlage:User zh-min-nan-3]][[en:Template:User zh-min-nan-3]][[fr:Modèle:User zh-min-nan-3]]</noinclude> 324 3330 2006-11-01T21:22:13Z Dcljr 31 includeonly/noinclude categories {{Bă-biĕk ngṳ̄-ngiòng-2| letter code size=1.2em| letter code=<span lang="en">[[Mìng-nàng-ngṳ̄|nan]]</span>| text size=0.83em| text=<span lang="nan">Chit-ê iōng-chiá tha̍k-siá '''[[:Category:User nan|Bân-lâm-ōe / Hō-ló-ōe]]''' ê lêng-le̍k sī '''[[:Category:User nan-2|tiong-kip]]'''.</span>}}<includeonly>[[Category:User nan|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User nan-2|{{PAGENAME}}]]</includeonly><noinclude> [[Category:User nan| 2]][[Category:User nan-2| 2]] [[de:Vorlage:User zh-min-nan-2]][[en:Template:User zh-min-nan-2]][[fr:Modèle:User zh-min-nan-2]][[zh:Template:User zh-min-nan-2]]</noinclude> 325 3331 2006-11-01T21:22:54Z Dcljr 31 includeonly/noinclude categories {{Bă-biĕk ngṳ̄-ngiòng-1| letter code size=1.2em| letter code=<span lang="en">[[Mìng-nàng-ngṳ̄|nan]]</span>| text size=0.83em| text=<span lang="nan">Chit-ê iōng-chiá tha̍k-siá '''[[:Category:User nan|Bân-lâm-ōe / Hō-ló-ōe]]''' ê lêng-le̍k sī '''[[:Category:User nan-1|chho·-kip]]'''.</span>}}<includeonly>[[Category:User nan|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User nan-1|{{PAGENAME}}]]</includeonly><noinclude> [[Category:User nan| 1]][[Category:User nan-1| 1]] [[de:Vorlage:User zh-min-nan-1]][[en:Template:User zh-min-nan-1]][[fr:Modèle:User zh-min-nan-1]][[vi:Tiêu bản:User zh-min-nan-1]][[zh:Template:User zh-min-nan-1]]</noinclude> 326 1375 2006-10-10T13:30:02Z GnuDoyng 13 [[Template:Bă-biĕk Ngṳ̄-ngiòng-0]] iè gáu [[Template:Bă-biĕk ngṳ̄-ngiòng-0]]: Duâi-siā gāi có̤ siēu-siā {{Bă-biĕk ngṳ̄-ngiòng| color 1=#FFB3B3| color 2=#FFE0E8| letter code size=<includeonly>{{{letter code size}}}</includeonly><noinclude>1.2em</noinclude>| letter code='''<includeonly>{{{letter code}}}</includeonly><noinclude>ngṳ̄</noinclude>-0'''| text size=<includeonly>{{{text size}}}</includeonly><noinclude>0.83em</noinclude>| text=<includeonly>{{{text}}}</includeonly><noinclude>Cī ciáh ê̤ṳng-hô '''mâ̤-báik''' '''cī cṳ̄ng ngṳ̄-ngiòng'''.</noinclude>}} 327 3287 2006-11-01T19:13:56Z Dcljr 31 change newlines {{Bă-biĕk ngṳ̄-ngiòng-M| letter code size=1.2em| letter code=<span lang="en">[[Ĭng-ngṳ̄|en]]</span>| text size=0.83em| text=<span lang="en">This user is a '''[[:Category:User en-M|native]]''' speaker of '''[[:Category:User en|English]]'''.</span>}}<includeonly>[[Category:User en|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User en-M|{{PAGENAME}}]]</includeonly><noinclude> [[Category:User en| M]][[Category:User en-M| M]] [[de:Vorlage:User en]][[en:Template:User en]][[fr:Modèle:User en]][[zh:Template:User en]]</noinclude> 328 3290 2006-11-01T19:14:47Z Dcljr 31 change newlines {{Bă-biĕk ngṳ̄-ngiòng-3| letter code size=1.2em| letter code=<span lang="en">[[Ĭng-ngṳ̄|en]]</span>| text size=0.83em| text=<span lang="en">This user is able to contribute with an '''[[:Category:User en-3|advanced]]''' level of '''[[:Category:User en|English]]'''.</span>}}<includeonly>[[Category:User en|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User en-3|{{PAGENAME}}]]</includeonly><noinclude> [[Category:User en| 3]][[Category:User en-3| 3]] [[de:Vorlage:User en-3]][[en:Template:User en-3]][[fr:Modèle:User en-3]]</noinclude> 329 3289 2006-11-01T19:14:02Z Dcljr 31 change newlines {{Bă-biĕk ngṳ̄-ngiòng-2| letter code size=1.2em| letter code=<span lang="en">[[Ĭng-ngṳ̄|en]]</span>| text size=0.83em| text=<span lang="en">This user is able to contribute with an '''[[:Category:User en-2|intermediate]]''' level of '''[[:Category:User en|English]]'''.</span>}}<includeonly>[[Category:User en|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User en-2|{{PAGENAME}}]]</includeonly><noinclude> [[Category:User en| 2]][[Category:User en-2| 2]] [[de:Vorlage:User en-2]][[en:Template:User en-2]][[fr:Modèle:User en-2]][[zh:Template:User en-2]]</noinclude> 330 3288 2006-11-01T19:13:59Z Dcljr 31 change newlines {{Bă-biĕk ngṳ̄-ngiòng-1| letter code size=1.2em| letter code=<span lang="en">[[Ĭng-ngṳ̄|en]]</span>| text size=0.83em| text=<span lang="en">This user is able to contribute with a '''[[:Category:User en-1|basic]]''' level of '''[[:Category:User en|English]]'''.</span>}}<includeonly>[[Category:User en|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User en-1|{{PAGENAME}}]]</includeonly><noinclude> [[Category:User en| 1]][[Category:User en-1| 1]] [[de:Vorlage:User en-1]][[en:Template:User en-1]][[fr:Modèle:User en-1]][[zh:Template:User en-1]]</noinclude> 331 3283 2006-11-01T19:12:14Z Dcljr 31 change newlines {{Bă-biĕk ngṳ̄-ngiòng-M| letter code size=1.2em| letter code=<span lang="en">[[Dáik-ngṳ̄|de]]</span>| text size=0.83em| text=<span lang="de">Dieser Benutzer spricht '''[[:Category:User de|Deutsch]]''' als '''[[:Category:User de-M|Muttersprache]]'''.</span>}}<includeonly>[[Category:User de|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User de-M|{{PAGENAME}}]]</includeonly><noinclude> [[Category:User de| M]][[Category:User de-M| M]] [[de:Vorlage:User de]][[en:Template:User de]][[fr:Modèle:User de]][[zh:Template:User de]]</noinclude> 332 3286 2006-11-01T19:12:19Z Dcljr 31 change newlines {{Bă-biĕk ngṳ̄-ngiòng-3| letter code size=1.2em| letter code=<span lang="en">[[Dáik-ngṳ̄|de]]</span>| text size=0.83em| text=<span lang="de">Dieser Benutzer hat '''[[:Category:User de-3|sehr gute]]''' '''[[:Category:User de|Deutschkenntnisse]]'''.</span>}}<includeonly>[[Category:User de|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User de-3|{{PAGENAME}}]]</includeonly><noinclude> [[Category:User de| 3]][[Category:User de-3| 3]] [[de:Vorlage:User de-3]][[en:Template:User de-3]][[fr:Modèle:User de-3]][[zh:Template:User de-3]]</noinclude> 333 3285 2006-11-01T19:12:17Z Dcljr 31 change newlines {{Bă-biĕk ngṳ̄-ngiòng-2| letter code size=1.2em| letter code=<span lang="en">[[Dáik-ngṳ̄|de]]</span>| text size=0.83em| text=<span lang="de">Dieser Benutzer hat '''[[:Category:User de-2|fortgeschrittene]]''' '''[[:Category:User de|Deutschkenntnisse]]'''.</span>}}<includeonly>[[Category:User de|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User de-2|{{PAGENAME}}]]</includeonly><noinclude> [[Category:User de| 2]][[Category:User de-2| 2]] [[de:Vorlage:User de-2]][[en:Template:User de-2]][[fr:Modèle:User de-2]][[zh:Template:User de-2]]</noinclude> 334 3284 2006-11-01T19:12:15Z Dcljr 31 change newlines {{Bă-biĕk ngṳ̄-ngiòng-1| letter code size=1.2em| letter code=<span lang="en">[[Dáik-ngṳ̄|de]]</span>| text size=0.83em| text=<span lang="de">Dieser Benutzer hat '''[[:Category:User de-1|grundlegende]] [[:Category:User de|Deutschkenntnisse]]'''.</span>}}<includeonly>[[Category:User de|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User de-1|{{PAGENAME}}]]</includeonly><noinclude> [[Category:User de| 1]][[Category:User de-1| 1]] [[de:Vorlage:User de-1]][[en:Template:User de-1]][[fr:Modèle:User de-1]][[zh:Template:User de-1]]</noinclude> 335 3297 2006-11-01T19:21:58Z Dcljr 31 includeonly/noinclude categories {{Bă-biĕk ngṳ̄-ngiòng-M| letter code size=1.2em| letter code=<span lang="en">[[Huák-ngṳ̄|fr]]</span>| text size=0.83em| text=<span lang="fr">Cet utilisateur a pour '''[[:Category:User fr-M|langue maternelle]]''' le '''[[:Category:User fr|français]]'''.</span>}}<includeonly>[[Category:User fr|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User fr-M|{{PAGENAME}}]]</includeonly><noinclude> [[Category:User fr| M]][[Category:User fr-M| M]] [[de:Vorlage:User fr]][[en:Template:User fr]][[fr:Modèle:User fr]][[zh:Template:User fr]]</noinclude> 336 3299 2006-11-01T19:22:21Z Dcljr 31 includeonly/noinclude categories {{Bă-biĕk ngṳ̄-ngiòng-3| letter code size=1.2em| letter code=<span lang="en">[[Huák-ngṳ̄|fr]]</span>| text size=0.83em| text=<span lang="fr">Cet utilisateur peut contribuer avec un niveau '''[[:Category:User fr-3|avancé]]''' de '''[[:Category:User fr|français]]'''.</span>}}<includeonly>[[Category:User fr|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User fr-3|{{PAGENAME}}]]</includeonly><noinclude> [[Category:User fr| 3]][[Category:User fr-3| 3]] [[de:Vorlage:User fr-3]][[en:Template:User fr-3]][[fr:Modèle:User fr-3]][[zh:Template:User fr-3]]</noinclude> 337 3300 2006-11-01T19:22:26Z Dcljr 31 includeonly/noinclude categories {{Bă-biĕk ngṳ̄-ngiòng-2| letter code size=1.2em| letter code=<span lang="en">[[Huák-ngṳ̄|fr]]</span>| text size=0.83em| text=<span lang="fr">Cet utilisateur peut contribuer avec un niveau '''[[:Category:User fr-2|moyen]]''' en '''[[:Category:User fr|français]]'''.</span>}}<includeonly>[[Category:User fr|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User fr-2|{{PAGENAME}}]]</includeonly><noinclude> [[Category:User fr| 2]][[Category:User fr-2| 2]] [[de:Vorlage:User fr-2]][[en:Template:User fr-2]][[fr:Modèle:User fr-2]][[zh:Template:User fr-2]]</noinclude> 338 3298 2006-11-01T19:22:08Z Dcljr 31 includeonly/noinclude categories {{Bă-biĕk ngṳ̄-ngiòng-1| letter code size=1.2em| letter code=<span lang="en">[[Huák-ngṳ̄|fr]]</span>| text size=0.83em| text=<span lang="fr">Cet utilisateur peut contribuer avec un niveau '''[[:Category:User fr-1|élémentaire]]''' de '''[[:Category:User fr|français]]'''.</span>}}<includeonly>[[Category:User fr|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User fr-1|{{PAGENAME}}]]</includeonly><noinclude> [[Category:User fr| 1]][[Category:User fr-1| 1]] [[de:Vorlage:User fr-1]][[en:Template:User fr-1]][[fr:Modèle:User fr-1]][[zh:Template:User fr-1]]</noinclude> 339 1260 2006-10-08T13:10:36Z GnuDoyng 13 ^ 340 1255 2006-10-08T13:05:06Z GnuDoyng 13 ! 341 1256 2006-10-08T13:09:09Z GnuDoyng 13 Lôi-biék 342 1257 2006-10-08T13:09:27Z GnuDoyng 13 Bŏng-cô hiăh 343 1258 2006-10-08T13:09:37Z GnuDoyng 13 Ùng-giông 344 1259 2006-10-08T13:09:49Z GnuDoyng 13 Lôi-biék 345 1863 2006-10-24T10:12:23Z GnuDoyng 13 Cūng-giék 346 1865 2006-10-24T10:12:34Z GnuDoyng 13 Cūng-giék: 347 1263 2006-10-08T13:16:09Z GnuDoyng 13 Chṳ̄-siĕu 348 1264 2006-10-08T13:18:37Z GnuDoyng 13 Siŭ-gāi dó̤i-chṳ̆ng: $1 349 1265 2006-10-08T13:22:00Z GnuDoyng 13 Ék nguŏk 350 1267 2006-10-08T13:22:21Z GnuDoyng 13 Chék nguŏk 351 1268 2006-10-08T13:22:30Z GnuDoyng 13 Lĕ̤k nguŏk 352 1273 2006-10-08T13:23:28Z GnuDoyng 13 Săng nguŏk 353 1274 2006-10-08T13:23:38Z GnuDoyng 13 Sĕk-ék nguŏk 354 1277 2006-10-08T13:25:16Z GnuDoyng 13 Gó muôi kŭi dióng-hô̤? $1. 355 1278 2006-10-08T13:27:48Z GnuDoyng 13 Páh kŭi cookies ciáh â̤ diē {{SITENAME}}. 356 1279 2006-10-08T13:28:54Z GnuDoyng 13 Ê̤ṳng-hô-miàng: 357 1280 2006-10-08T13:29:00Z GnuDoyng 13 Ê̤ṳng-hô-miàng: 358 1281 2006-10-08T13:30:10Z GnuDoyng 13 Mĭk-mā 359 1282 2006-10-08T13:31:00Z GnuDoyng 13 Kŭi 1 ciáh sĭng dióng-hô̤ 360 1286 2006-10-08T13:36:07Z GnuDoyng 13 Giéu cī gá diêng-nō̤ gé diâng nguāi gì dióng-hô̤ gâe̤ng mĭk-mā. 361 1285 2006-10-08T13:35:09Z GnuDoyng 13 Ê̤ṳng-hô-miàng 362 1287 2006-10-08T13:38:52Z GnuDoyng 13 Gié ké̤ṳk nguāi mĭk-mā 363 1329 2006-10-09T11:50:54Z GnuDoyng 13 '''Nṳ̄ hiêng-câi ī-gĭng ī "$1" gì sĭng-hông láuk diē {{SITENAME}} lāu.''' 364 1291 2006-10-08T13:55:54Z GnuDoyng 13 (Iù $1 dêng-hióng lì gì) 365 1292 2006-10-08T13:56:38Z GnuDoyng 13 Redirecting to [[Mìng-nàng-ngṳ̄]] #redirect [[Mìng-nàng-ngṳ̄]] 366 1293 2006-10-08T13:57:38Z GnuDoyng 13 Redirecting to [[Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄]] #redirect [[Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄]] 367 1294 2006-10-08T13:58:44Z GnuDoyng 13 Dṳ̀ng-sĭng dêng-hióng hiăh 369 1299 2006-10-08T14:13:43Z GnuDoyng 13 Mŭk-liŏh 370 1300 2006-10-08T14:16:34Z GnuDoyng 13 Dṳ̀ng-sĭng dêng-hióng gáu [[$1]]... 371 1301 2006-10-08T14:16:40Z GnuDoyng 13 Dṳ̀ng-sĭng dêng-hióng gáu [[$1]] 372 3014 2006-10-29T07:02:40Z GnuDoyng 13 [[Image:Brueghel-tower-of-babel.jpg|thumb|250px|Bă-biĕk-ták|right]] '''Bă-biĕk-ták''' sê [[Séng-gĭng]] gà̤-dēng-sié gé-cái gì 1 bĭh dê-miàng. '''Bă-biĕk''' sāi [[Hĭ-báik-lài-ngṳ̄]] siā có̤ "בָּבֶל", é-sé̤ṳ sê "biéng láung". Gŏng-gé̤ṳ [[Gô-iók Séng-gĭng]] [[Châung-sié-gé]] dâ̤ 11 ciŏng gé-cái, Bă-biĕk-ták sê [[ìng-lôi]] ôi lāu sāi cê-gă gì miàng gèng gáu [[Tiĕng-dòng|tiĕng]], sū kī gì ták. Hiā sèng-hâiu, tiĕng-â nè̤ng lūng-cūng gōng 1 cṳ̄ng [[ngṳ̄-ngiòng]]. Ĭng-ôi Siông-dá̤ [[Ià-huò-huà]] nêng-ùi ìng-lôi gì siōng-huăk sê ngài gì, i-cà̤ mâ̤ gé-sì i-cà̤ sê Siông-ciō cáung có̤ gì, gó siông gâe̤ng Siông-ciō piâng nèng-lik, huâng lāu giĕu-ngô̤ gì cô̤i. Gó-chṳ̄ cêu biéng láung ĭ-gáuk-nè̤ng gì kēu-ĭng, giéu ĭ-cà̤ mò̤ nièng-ài gié-sṳ̆k kī ták. Gó-sê̤ṳ nè̤ng sèu-sèu dò̤ Bă-biĕk-ták lì gāi-sék ìng-lôi ká̤-sié ô hī-māng sâ̤ gì ngṳ̄-ngiòng. ==Séng-gĭng nguòng-ùng== Châung-sié-gé 11:1-9 gé diŏh â-dā̤: <blockquote>''<small><font color=#0000ff>1</font></small> Dŏng-sì tiĕng-â nè̤ng kēu-ĭng siŏh-iông, uâ-ngṳ̄ siŏng-dùng. <small><font color=#0000ff>2</font></small> Iù dĕ̤ng biĕng buăng kó̤ sì-hâiu, gáu Sê-nā dê-huŏng, ngê̤ṳ diŏh bàng dê, cêu lŏ̤h hŭ-uái dêu. <small><font color=#0000ff>3</font></small> Gáuk-nè̤ng siŏng ngiê-lâung gōng: "Diŏh cà̤ lì có̤ ciŏng, sāi huōi siĕu hō̤." Ŏ̤h ciŏng-uâng, ô ciŏng, dáung có̤ siŏh, bô ô siŏh-iù, dáung có̤ huŏi. <small><font color=#0000ff>4</font></small> Bô gōng ā: "Diŏh cà̤ lì kī siàng gâe̤ng ták, ták dīng diŏh gèng gáu tiĕng, sāi nguāi miàng diòng chók, miēng-dék nguāi-nè̤ng sáng kó̤ dê lā̤ gáuk-ché̤ṳ." <small><font color=#0000ff>5</font></small> Ià-huò-huà gáung-lìng, ó̤i káng sié-găng nè̤ng sū kī gì siàng, gâe̤ng ták. <small><font color=#0000ff>6</font></small> Ià-huò-huà cêu gōng: "Cé̤ṳng-nè̤ng có̤ siŏh-iông gì, báh-sáng uâ-ngṳ̄ iâ siŏng-dùng, dăng kī-chiū ciŏng-uâng có̤ lāu. Gáu ī-hâiu, ĭ sū ó̤i có̤ gì, mò̤ siŏh iông â̤ géng-cī dék ĭ. <small><font color=#0000ff>7</font></small> Ngō̤-că̤ diŏh gáung-lìng, biéng luâng ĭ-gáuk-nè̤ng gì kēu-ĭng, sāi ĭ uâ-ngṳ̄ mâ̤ siŏng tŭng." <small><font color=#0000ff>8</font></small> Ŏ̤h ciŏng-uâng, Ià-huò-huà cêu sāi ĭ iù hŭ-uái sáng kó̤ dê lā̤ gáuk-ché̤ṳ, kī siàng gì dâi cêu sák kó̤. <small><font color=#0000ff>9</font></small> Ĭng Ià-huò-huà biéng luâng cé̤ṳng báh-sáng gì kēu-ĭng, sāi ĭ iù hŭ-uái sáng kó̤ dê lā̤ gáuk-ché̤ṳ, gó-chṳ̄ ciā siàng miàng giéu Bă-biĕk.''</blockquote> ==Nguôi-buô lièng-giék== *[http://seng-ging.spaces.live.com/blog/cns!148CDCEA05BB05F7!1224.entry?_c11_blogpart_blogpart=blogview&_c=blogpart#permalink Cháung-sié-gé dâ̤ 11 ciŏng] *[http://www.christiananswers.net/q-abr/abr-a021.html Is there archaeological evidence of the Tower of Babel?] ([[Ĭng-ngṳ̄]]) [[Category:Gĭ-dók-gáu]] [[am:የባቢሎን ግንብ]] [[bg:Вавилонска кула]] [[ca:Torre de Babel]] [[da:Babelstårnet]] [[de:Turmbau zu Babel]] [[el:Πύργος της Βαβέλ]] [[en:Tower of Babel]] [[es:Torre de Babel]] [[eo:Babela turo]] [[fr:Tour de Babel]] [[gl:Torre de Babel]] [[ko:바벨탑]] [[it:Torre di Babele]] [[he:מגדל בבל]] [[hu:Bábel tornya]] [[nl:Toren van Babel]] [[ja:バベルの塔]] [[pl:Wieża Babel]] [[pt:Torre de Babel]] [[ru:Вавилонская башня]] [[fi:Babylonin torni]] [[sv:Babels torn]] [[uk:Вавилонська башта]] [[ur:بابل کا برج]] [[zh:巴別塔]] 373 1435 2006-10-12T10:18:29Z GnuDoyng 13 Ché káng mâing 374 1316 2006-10-09T11:27:43Z GnuDoyng 13 <strong>Cé̤ṳ-é: Cuòi nâ sê ché káng ùng-cê gì iông-sék; nṳ̄ sū có̤ gì siŭ-gāi gó muôi bō̤-còng!</strong> 375 2940 2006-10-27T13:18:08Z GnuDoyng 13 tāu/káung 376 1466 2006-10-13T10:23:38Z GnuDoyng 13 sìng-tō̤ 377 1324 2006-10-09T11:49:32Z GnuDoyng 13 Ê̤ṳng-hô-dăng 378 1325 2006-10-09T11:49:57Z GnuDoyng 13 Buōng-dê sì-găng 379 1334 2006-10-09T11:56:22Z GnuDoyng 13 Help:Mŭk-liŏh 380 1335 2006-10-09T11:59:35Z GnuDoyng 13 Cuòi sê sĭng hiăh. 381 1336 2006-10-09T12:02:40Z GnuDoyng 13 Chă-biék 382 1337 2006-10-09T12:02:49Z GnuDoyng 13 Diêng-piĕ *: 383 1338 2006-10-09T12:02:59Z GnuDoyng 13 Ngṳ̄-ngiòng: 384 1339 2006-10-09T12:06:32Z GnuDoyng 13 Nṳ̄ ô $1 ($2). 385 1340 2006-10-09T12:07:40Z GnuDoyng 13 Mĭk-mā dâng gó̤. Chiāng gái ché siŏh â. 386 1341 2006-10-09T12:08:25Z GnuDoyng 13 Muôi sṳ̆-ĭk mĭk-mā. Chiāng gái ché siŏh â. 387 1342 2006-10-09T12:13:46Z GnuDoyng 13 Téng gáng-sê-dăng dṳ̀ lâi lāu 388 3323 2006-11-01T21:15:07Z Dcljr 31 newlines {{Bă-biĕk ngṳ̄-ngiòng-M| letter code size=1.2em| letter code=<span lang="zh-Hant">[[Guók-ngṳ̄|zh]]</span>| text size=0.83em| text=<span lang="zh-Hant">這個用戶的'''[[:Category:User zh-M|母語]]'''是'''[[:Category:User zh|中文]]'''。}}<includeonly> [[Category:User zh|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User zh-M|{{PAGENAME}}]]</includeonly><noinclude> [[Category:User zh| M]][[Category:User zh-M| M]] [[en:Template:User zh]][[zh:Template:User zh]]</noinclude> 389 3322 2006-11-01T21:14:32Z Dcljr 31 newlines {{Bă-biĕk ngṳ̄-ngiòng-3| letter code size=1.2em| letter code=<span lang="en">[[Guók-ngṳ̄|zh]]</span>| text size=0.83em| text=<span lang="zh-Hant">該用戶能以'''[[:Category:User zh-3|熟練]]'''的'''[[:Category:User zh|中文]]'''進行交流。}}<includeonly>[[Category:User zh|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User zh-3|{{PAGENAME}}]]</includeonly><noinclude> [[Category:User zh| 3]][[Category:User zh-3| 3]] [[en:Template:User zh-3]][[zh:Template:User zh-3]]</noinclude> 390 3321 2006-11-01T21:14:18Z Dcljr 31 newlines {{Bă-biĕk ngṳ̄-ngiòng-2| letter code size=1.2em| letter code=<span lang="en">[[Guók-ngṳ̄|zh]]</span>| text size=0.83em| text=<span lang="zh-Hant">該用戶能以'''[[:Category:User zh-2|一般]]'''的'''[[:Category:User zh|中文]]'''進行交流。</span><br/><span lang="zh-Hans">该用户能以'''[[:Category:User zh-2|一般]]'''的'''[[:Category:User zh|中文]]'''进行交流。</span>}}<includeonly>[[Category:User zh|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User zh-2|{{PAGENAME}}]]</includeonly><noinclude> [[Category:User zh| 2]][[Category:User zh-2| 2]] [[en:Template:User zh-2]][[zh:Template:User zh-2]]</noinclude> 391 3320 2006-11-01T21:13:56Z Dcljr 31 newline {{Bă-biĕk ngṳ̄-ngiòng-1| letter code size=1.2em| letter code=<span lang="en">[[Guók-ngṳ̄|zh]]</span>| text size=0.83em| text=<span lang="zh-Hant">該用戶能以'''[[:Category:User zh-1|基本]]'''的'''[[:Category:User zh|中文]]'''進行交流。}}<includeonly>[[Category:User zh|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User zh-1|{{PAGENAME}}]]</includeonly><noinclude> [[Category:User zh| 1]][[Category:User zh-1| 1]] [[en:Template:User zh-1]][[zh:Template:User zh-1]]</noinclude> 392 3896 2006-11-26T08:35:21Z GnuDoyng 13 /* Nguôi-buô lièng-giék */ [[Image:Lin-Zexu.jpg|thumb|150px|Lìng Cáik-sṳ̀|right]] '''Lìng Cáik-sṳ̀''' (林則徐, 1785 nièng 8 nguŏk 30 hô̤ - 1850 nièng 11 nguŏk 22 hô̤) sê [[Chĭng-dièu]] gì hŏk-ciā. Ĭ báik-cèng diŏh [[Guōng-ciŭ]] dái-liāng [[Dṳ̆ng-guók]] ìng-mìng dī-káung [[Ĭng-guók]] kŭi-diēng "Hū-muòng siĕu iĕng" (虎門销煙). Chŭi-iòng cuòi ké̤ṳk nè̤ng nêng-ùi sê ĭ ūi-dâi gì sê̤ṳ-cék, dáng-sê ciā dâi iâ sê 1839 nièng huák-sĕng [[Ă-piéng Ciêng-cĕng|Dâ̤-ék-huòi Ă-piéng Ciêng-cĕng]] gì ciō-iéu nguòng-ĭng. Lìng Cáik-sṳ̀ diŏh [[Hók-ciŭ]] chók-sié, có̤-sá̤ sèng-hâiu tĕ̤k-cṳ̆ iā nêng-cĭng. 1871 nièng, ĭ guăng có̤ "Ù-guōng Cūng-dók" (湖廣總督). Dùng nièng bô sĕng có̤ "Kĭng-chā̤ Dâi-sìng" (欽差大臣), ké̤ṳk Huòng-dá̤ pái kó̤ [[Guōng-dĕ̤ng]] géng [[Ă-piéng]]. Găk géng iĕng sèng-hâiu, ĭ mŭk-siŭ chiĕu-guó 2 uâng siŏng Ă-piéng, hŭng-sō̤ [[Ĕu-ciŭ]] lì gì sŏng-sùng. Dáng-sê, ĭ gì nū-lĭk mò̤ sìng-gŭng. Ă-piéng Ciêng-cĕng huák-sĕng ī-hâiu, Huòng-dá̤ ôi lāu ché̤ṳ-huăk Lìng Cáik-sṳ̀, cêu ciŏng ĭ huák-puói gáu [[Sĭng-giŏng]] chṳ̆ng-gŭng. Dáng-sê ĭ táu-dā̤ mò̤ gāi-biéng ĭ dó̤i [[guók-gă]] gì dṳ̆ng-sìng. Ĭ ô siā guó 1 dà̤ sĭ gōng: "Gēu lê guók-gă sĕng sṳ̄ ī, kī ĭng huô hók biê chṳ̆ cĭ?" (茍利國家生死以, 豈因禍福避趨之?) 1850 nièng, ĭ sī diŏh diōng kó̤ [[Guōng-să̤]] gì diô dŏng. ==Nguôi-buô lièng-giék== [[Image:Ling Caik-suu Suu-dong.JPG|thumb|250px|'''Lìng Cáik-sṳ̀ Sṳ̀-dòng''', găk [[Hók-ciŭ]] Ó̤-muòng-lô (澳門路)|right]] * [http://www.explore.cornell.edu/scene.cfm?scene=wason%20collection&stop=WC%20-%20Gallery%20China&view=WC%20-%20China%2006 Lìng Cáik-sṳ̀ gì piĕ] * [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vLwsNcModn4 Lìng Cáik-sṳ̀ Sṳ̀-dòng] [[Category:Ìng-ŭk]] [[Category:Mìng-cṳ̆]] [[de:Lin Zexu]] [[en:Lin Zexu]] [[ja:林則徐]] [[sv:Lin Zexu]] [[zh:林则徐]] 393 3740 2006-11-18T10:20:19Z GnuDoyng 13 [[Wikipedia:Guestbook for Non-Min-Dong Speakers]] iè gáu [[Wikipedia:Tiăng-dŏng]] <div style="width:90%;margin:0 auto 0.5em;padding:0.5em 1em;border:1px solid #000;background:#eef;text-align:left;"> <center><font size=4>Welcome to the [[:en:Min Dong|Min Dong]][http://www.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=cdo ^iso639-3] Wikipedia</font></center> This is a project page specially designed for non-Min-Dong speakers to discuss anything related to the Min Dong Wikipedia. You can also request assistance here. In principle, messages can be given in any language, but we prefer Chinese, English or other major languages. The Min Dong Wikipedia is written in romanized [[:en:Fuzhou dialect|Foochow]]. For information about this writing system, please refer to [[Help:如何讀]] (only available in Chinese at present, but it'll soon be translated into English). Some letters might be incorrectly displayed in your computer. Hence, we strongly recommend you install [http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=CharisSIL_download#FontsDownload Charis SIL font] (free). If you are new here, we encourage you to [[Special:Userlogin|open an account]]. After that, please write something in your userpage to introduce yourself. Babel userboxes in your userpage will tell us what languages you speak and the level of fluency (i.e., <nowiki>{{User en}}</nowiki>, <nowiki>{{User zh-3}}</nowiki>, etc. Only some major languages are available currently; others are still being made.). If you can't speak Min Dong, you can also add <nowiki>{{User cdo-0}}</nowiki>. If you want any articles translated into Min Dong, feel free to tell us here and we are glad to help. If you want to run a bot, you can also leave your message here. We will grant its status as soon as possible. <center><font size=3>[http://cdo.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Guestbook_for_Non-Min-Dong_Speakers&section=new&action=edit Click here to write a new message.]</font></center> </div> ==Help== I was wondering if you could translate these names into [[Hók-ciŭ-uâ]] BUC: *黃毓民 *張曼娟 *雷萬春 *蔡阿垦 *埃阿斯 Thanks, Ajax [[User:68.50.102.88|68.50.102.88]] 06:22, 5 Sĕk-ék nguŏk 2006 (UTC) :*黃毓民: Uòng Liù-mìng :*張曼娟: Diŏng Mâng-giŏng :*雷萬春: Lòi Uâng-chŭng :*蔡阿垦: Chái Ă-kōng :*埃阿斯: Ăi-ă-sṳ̆ (Is "埃阿斯" the Ajax the Great in ''[[:en:Illiad|Illiad]]''? If so, the first character "埃" is not to be treated as a surname.) --[[User:GnuDoyng|GnuDoyng]] 10:23, 5 Sĕk-ék nguŏk 2006 (UTC) ::Thanks! - Ajax (Ăi-ă-sṳ̆) [[User:68.50.102.88|68.50.102.88]] 00:27, 10 Sĕk-ék nguŏk 2006 (UTC) [[es:Wikipedia:Libro de visitas]] [[fr:Wikipédia:Bistro des non-francophones]] [[ja:Wikipedia:Chatsubo for Non-Japanese Speakers]] [[ro:Wikipedia:Carte de oaspeţi]] [[th:วิกิพีเดีย:สถานทูตวิกิมีเดีย]] [[vi:Wikipedia:Guestbook for non-Vietnamese speakers]] [[zh:Wikipedia:Guestbook for non-Chinese-speakers]] [[zh-min-nan:Wikipedia:Tāi-sài-koán]] 394 3278 2006-11-01T19:08:38Z Dcljr 31 includeonly before noinclude {{Bă-biĕk ngṳ̄-ngiòng-3| letter code size=1.2em| letter code=<span lang="en">[[Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄|cdo]]</span>| text size=0.83em| text=<span lang="cdo">Cī ciáh ê̤ṳng-hô tĕ̤k-siā '''[[:Category:User cdo|Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄ / Bàng-uâ]]''' gì nèng-lĭk sê '''[[:Category:User cdo-3|gŏ̤-gék]]'''.</span>}}<includeonly>[[Category:User cdo|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User cdo-3|{{PAGENAME}}]]</includeonly><noinclude> [[Category:User cdo| 3]][[Category:User cdo-3| 3]]</noinclude> 395 3282 2006-11-01T19:08:54Z Dcljr 31 includeonly before noinclude {{Bă-biĕk ngṳ̄-ngiòng-2| letter code size=1.2em| letter code=<span lang="cdo">[[Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄|cdo]]</span>| text size=0.83em| text=<span lang="cdo">Cī ciáh ê̤ṳng-hô tĕ̤k-siā '''[[:Category:User cdo|Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄ / Bàng-uâ]]''' gì nèng-lĭk sê '''[[:Category:User cdo-2|dṳ̆ng-gék]]'''.</span>}}<includeonly>[[Category:User cdo|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User cdo-2|{{PAGENAME}}]]</includeonly><noinclude> [[Category:User cdo| 2]][[Category:User cdo-2| 2]]</noinclude> 396 1372 2006-10-10T13:21:04Z GnuDoyng 13 Cī hiăh gà̤-dēng gì muò-bēng: 397 3279 2006-11-01T19:08:42Z Dcljr 31 includeonly before noinclude {{Bă-biĕk ngṳ̄-ngiòng-1| letter code size=1.2em| letter code=<span lang="cdo">[[Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄|cdo]]</span>| text size=0.83em| text=<span lang="cdo">Cī ciáh ê̤ṳng-hô tĕ̤k-siā '''[[:Category:User cdo|Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄ / Bàng-uâ]]''' gì nèng-lĭk sê '''[[:Category:User cdo-1|chŭ-gék]]'''.</span>}}<includeonly>[[Category:User cdo|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User cdo-1|{{PAGENAME}}]]</includeonly><noinclude> [[Category:User cdo| 1]][[Category:User cdo-1| 1]]</noinclude> 398 3280 2006-11-01T19:08:44Z Dcljr 31 includeonly before noinclude {{Bă-biĕk ngṳ̄-ngiòng-0| letter code size=1.2em| letter code=<span lang="cdo">[[Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄|cdo]]</span>| text size=0.83em| text=<span lang="cdo">Cī ciáh ê̤ṳng-hô '''[[:Category:User cdo-0|mâ̤ báik gōng]]''' '''[[:Category:User cdo|Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄ / Bàng-uâ]]'''.</span>}}<includeonly>[[Category:User cdo-0|{{PAGENAME}}]]</includeonly><noinclude> [[Category:User cdo| 0]][[Category:User cdo-0| 0]]</noinclude> 400 1812 2006-10-21T08:18:46Z GnuDoyng 13 Dà̤-mĕ̤k/biĕu-dà̤ 401 1383 2006-10-10T13:50:15Z GnuDoyng 13 Káng nguòng-dô̤i-mā 402 3657 2006-11-12T10:49:20Z GnuDoyng 13 Nṳ̄ téng 1 ciáh lièng-giék lì gáu cī miêng gó muôi còng-câi gì hiăh. Buóh kī-chiū piĕng-siā ciā hiăh, chiāng diŏh â-dā̤ gì bēng-bēng diē-sié páh cê (chăng-kō̤ [[Help:Mŭk-liŏh]] liēu-gāi gáing sâ̤ séng-sék). Iŏk-sṳ̄ nṳ̄ huák-hiêng cê-gă giàng dâng gó̤, nâ dĭh áik báuk-lāng-ké (''browser'') gì "'''diōng kó̤ sèng 1 hiăh'''" (''back'') cêu â̤-sāi lāu. 404 3739 2006-11-18T10:19:32Z GnuDoyng 13 Wikipedia:Guestbook for Non-Min-Dong Speakers 406 3706 2006-11-17T10:13:03Z GnuDoyng 13 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/203.173.235.69|203.173.235.69]] ([[User_talk:203.173.235.69|Talk]]); changed back to last version by [[User:GnuDoyng|GnuDoyng]] [[Image:LocationEurope.png|thumb|300px|Ĕu-ciŭ diŏh sié-gái siông.|right]] '''Ĕu-ciŭ''' sê sié-gái chék duâi ciŭ cĭ ék. Ĭ dĕ̤ng-buô sê [[Ā-ciŭ]], să̤-buô sê [[Dâi-să̤-iòng]], báe̤k-buô sê [[Báe̤k-bĭng-iòng]]. Ŭ-lă-lō̤ Săng ([[Ĭng-ngṳ̄]]: Ural Mountains) gâe̤ng Lī Hāi ([[Ĭng-ngṳ̄]]: ''Caspian Sea'') sê Ĕu-ciŭ gâe̤ng Ā-ciŭ gì buŏng-gái. Ĕu-ciŭ miêng-cék nâ bī [[Dâi-iòng-ciŭ]] duâi siŏh-nék-giāng. Dáng-sê áng ìng-kēu lì sáung, ĭ sê sié-gái dê 2 duâi gì ciŭ. "Ĕu-ciŭ" ciā miàng sê téng [[Gū Hĭ-lăk|Hĭ-lăk]] [[sìng-uâ]] diē-sié 1 ciáh [[cṳ̆-niòng-nè̤ng]] gì miàng "Ĕu-lò̤-bă" (歐羅巴, [[Hĭ-lăk-ngṳ̄]]: Ευρώπη) lì gì. ==Lĭk-sṳ̄== [[Gū Hĭ-lăk]] sê Ĕu-ciŭ ùng-mìng gì ièu-lài. Gū Hĭ-lăk gâe̤ng [[Gū Lò̤-mā]] sì-dô̤i sê gū-cā Ĕu-ciŭ [[ùng-huá]] có̤i huák-dăk gì sì-dô̤i. Gū Lò̤-mā Dá̤-guók miĕk-uòng cĭ hâiu, Ĕu-ciŭ giàng diē [[Ŭ-áng Sì-dô̤i]]. 15 sié-gī [[Ùng-ngiê Hók-hĭng]] cĭ hâiu. Să̤-buô gì huák-dăk [[guók-gă]] kăi-sṳ̄ hióng hāi-nguôi sìng-tō̤ [[Sĭk-mìng-ciō-ngiê|sĭk-mìng-dê]]. Cī kuŏ lĭk-sṳ̄ iâ hô̤ lō̤ "Dê-lī Dâi-huák-hiêng". Ĕu-ciŭ ùng-mìng ké̤ṳk sĭk-mìng-ciā dái gáu [[Mī-ciŭ]] dēng gì-tă dê-kṳ̆. Dê-lī Dâi-huák-hiêng cĭ hâiu, Ĕu-ciŭ kăi-sṳ̄ giàng diē [[Mìng-ciō-ciō-ngiê|mìng-ciō]]. Hiā sèng-hâiu huák-sĕng guó bī-gáu chók-miàng gì ông-dông chiông [[Huák-guók Dâi-gáik-mêng]] dēng-dēng. 18 sié-gī, [[Gĕ̤ng-ngiĕk Gáik-mêng]] găk [[Ĭng-guók]] kăi-sṳ̄, iù-sê [[ìng-lôi]] siâ-huôi gì sĕng-săng huŏng-sék huák-sĕng cêng duâi gì biéng-huá. 20 sié-gī, ìng-lôi lĭk-sṳ̄ siông có̤i duâi gì sié-gái dâi-ciéng dŭ sê iù Ĕu-ciŭ kăi-sṳ̄. [[Dâ̤-nê-huòi Sié-gái Dâi-ciéng|Nê Ciéng]] giék-sók hâiu, [[Siâ-huôi-ciō-ngiê]] gì [[Sŭ-lièng]] gâe̤ng gì-tă [[Cṳ̆-buōng-ciō-ngiê]] gì [[Să̤-huŏng]] guók-gă bô kăi-sṳ̄ [[Lēng Ciéng]]. 1991 nièng Sŭ-lièng gāi-tā̤, Lēng Ciéng giék-sók. Buóh liēu-gāi Ĕu-ciŭ ùng-huá, cêu găi-dŏng liēu-gāi ĭ gì 2 ciáh nguòng-tàu: [[Gū Hĭ-lăk]] gâe̤ng [[Gĭ-dók-gáu]]. ==Ciō-iéu guók-gă== [[Image:Regions of Europe Map.png|thumb|400px|Ĕu-ciŭ gì hèng-céng dê-dù|right]] * [[Dáik-guók]] * [[Dăng-măk]] * [[É-dâi-lê]] * [[Hĭ-lăk]] * [[Hò̤-làng]] * [[Huàng-dá̤-gŏng]] * [[Huák-guók]] * [[Hŭng-làng]] * [[Ĭng-guók]] * [[Ngò̤-lò̤-sṳ̆]] * [[Nò̤-ŭi]] * [[Pŏ̤-làng]] * [[Può-dò̤-ngà]] * [[Să̤-băng-ngà]] * [[Sôi-diēng]] * [[Sôi-sê̤ṳ]] * [[Ŭ-káik-làng]] {{Sié-gái}} [[Category:Sié-gái|E]] [[af:Europa]] [[als:Europa]] [[am:አውሮፓ]] [[ang:Europa]] [[ar:أوروبا]] [[an:Europa]] [[roa-rup:Evropa]] [[frp:Eropa]] [[ast:Europa]] [[gn:Europa]] [[ay:Iwrupa]] [[az:Avropa]] [[bn:ইউরোপ]] [[zh-min-nan:Europa]] [[be:Эўропа]] [[bo:ཡོ་རོབ་གླིང་]] [[bs:Evropa]] [[br:Europa]] [[bg:Европа]] [[ca:Europa]] [[cv:Европа]] [[cs:Evropa]] [[co:Europa]] [[cy:Ewrop]] [[da:Europa]] [[de:Europa]] [[arc:ܝܘܐܪܘܦܐ]] [[et:Euroopa]] [[el:Ευρώπη]] [[en:Europe]] [[es:Europa]] [[eo:Eŭropo]] [[eu:Europa]] [[fa:اروپا]] [[fo:Evropa]] [[fr:Europe]] [[fy:Jeropa]] [[fur:Europe]] [[ga:An Eoraip]] [[gv:Yn Europey]] [[gd:An Roinn-Eòrpa]] [[gl:Europa]] [[gu:યુરોપ]] [[ko:유럽]] [[haw:ʻEulopa]] [[hi:यूरोप]] [[hr:Europa]] [[io:Europa]] [[id:Eropa]] [[ia:Europa]] [[os:Европæ]] [[is:Evrópa]] [[it:Europa]] [[he:אירופה]] [[kn:ಯೂರೋಪ್]] [[ka:ევროპა]] [[csb:Eùropa]] [[kk:Еуропа]] [[kw:Europa]] [[sw:Ulaya]] [[ht:Ewòp]] [[ku:Ewropa]] [[lo:ເອີລົບ]] [[la:Europa]] [[lv:Eiropa]] [[lb:Europa (Kontinent)]] [[lt:Europa]] [[li:Europa]] [[jbo:rontu'a]] [[lmo:Europa]] [[hu:Európa]] [[mk:Европа]] [[mi:Ūropi]] [[ms:Eropah]] [[mo:Еуропа]] [[my:ဥရောပ]] [[nah:Eutlocpan]] [[na:Iurop]] [[nl:Europa (continent)]] [[nds-nl:Europa (continent)]] [[ne:युरोप]] [[ja:ヨーロッパ]] [[no:Europa]] [[nn:Europa]] [[nrm:Ûrope]] [[oc:Euròpa]] [[ug:ياۋروپا]] [[nds:Europa]] [[pl:Europa]] [[pt:Europa]] [[ksh:Europa (Kontinänt)]] [[ro:Europa]] [[rmy:Europa]] [[rm:Europa]] [[qu:Iwrupa]] [[ru:Европа]] [[war:Europa]] [[se:Eurohpá]] [[sc:Europa]] [[sco:Europe]] [[st:Europa]] [[sq:Evropa]] [[scn:Europa]] [[simple:Europe]] [[sk:Európa]] [[sl:Evropa]] [[sr:Европа]] [[sh:Evropa]] [[fi:Eurooppa]] [[sv:Europa]] [[tl:Europa]] [[ta:ஐரோப்பா]] [[th:ทวีปยุโรป]] [[vi:Châu Âu]] [[tg:Аврупо]] [[tpi:Yurop]] [[chr:ᎡᎶᏆ]] [[tr:Avrupa]] [[tk:Ýewropa]] [[udm:Европа]] [[uk:Європа]] [[uz:Yevropa]] [[wa:Urope]] [[wo:Óróop]] [[yi:אייראפע]] [[yo:Yúróòpù]] [[zh-yue:歐洲]] [[zh:欧洲]] 407 1396 2006-10-11T11:34:35Z GnuDoyng 13 Sĭng ê̤ṳng-hô 408 1397 2006-10-11T11:34:56Z GnuDoyng 13 Kŭi dióng-hô̤ nĭk-cé 409 1400 2006-10-11T11:46:45Z GnuDoyng 13 Gié diêng-piĕ ké̤ṳk ĭ 410 1401 2006-10-11T11:46:51Z GnuDoyng 13 Ké̤ṳk 411 1409 2006-10-11T13:30:34Z GnuDoyng 13 ===[[User:GnuDoyng|GnuDoyng]]=== I request for bureaucrat access, because I am qualified in at least 3 ways: # I am a native speaker of Min Dong, and I can write its romanized writing system. # I am a bookworm and therefore have enough knowledge to contribute here (much of the articles in the Min Dong test-wiki were written by [http://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:GnuDoyng me]). # I have been a wikipedian for long and serve as an assistant editor in Chinese wiki. Thank you for supporting me!--[[User:GnuDoyng|GnuDoyng]] 09:05, 2 October 2006 (UTC) ====Support==== #[[User:Chun-hian|Chun-hian]] 11:26, 2 October 2006 (UTC) #[[User:A-giâu|A-giâu]] 11:31, 2 October 2006 (UTC) #'''[[User:Jasonzhuocn|<font color=green>Jasonzhuocn</font>]]''' 12:19, 2 October 2006 (UTC) # [[User:Pektiong|Pektiong]] 14:46, 2 October 2006 (UTC) #[[User:Taokara|Taokara]] 16:01, 2 October 2006 (UTC) #[[User:Wtzdj|Wtzdj]] 22:36, 2 October 2006 (UTC) #[[User:Chbu|Chbu]] 01:24, 3 October 2006 (UTC) #[[User:Jose77|Jose77]] 02:07, 3 October 2006 (UTC) #[[User:鴻雁於飛|鴻雁於飛]] 05:58, 3 October 2006 (UTC) #[[User:MilchFlasche|MilchFlasche]] 08:57, 4 October 2006 (UTC) ====Oppose==== ====Neutral==== #I don't know you, but I do support native speakers become administrators. [[User:Jon Harald Søby|Jon Harald Søby]] 12:16, 2 October 2006 (UTC) 412 4000 2006-12-22T18:37:51Z A-giâu 9 /* 每个罗马字版本应该有对应的汉字版本 */ <div style="width:90%;margin:0 auto 0.5em;padding:0.5em 1em;border:1px solid #000;background:#eef;text-align:left;"><center>[[Image:Duai-cheu-a.JPG]]</center> '''Duâi chéu â''' sê năng-gă tō̤-lâung guăng-ṳ̀ [[Bàng-uâ]] [[Wikipedia]] dâi-gié gì sū-câi. Chiāng dâi-gă-nè̤ng huák-ngiòng sèng-hâiu gé lā̤ sāi "<nowiki>--~~~~</nowiki>" chiĕng miàng. '''大樹下'''是咱家討論關於[[Bàng-uâ|平話]][[Wikipedia]]代計其所在。請大家儂發言辰候記嚟使「<nowiki>--~~~~</nowiki>」簽名。 <center><font size=2>[http://cdo.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Duâi_chéu_â&section=new&action=edit Kŭi sĭng uâ-tàu]</font></center> </div> ==Huăng-ĭk nguôi-ngṳ̄ giĕ-cáik== 'Het Nederlands' kō ī o̤h Mìng-nàng Ngṳ̄ hung uâng huang ik có̤ 'Giâ-dê Ngṳ̄' [[User:Chbu|Chbu]] 01:28, 3 October 2006 (UTC) == Gái-miêng huăng-ĭk / 介面翻譯 == „Chiāng ăng-ciŏng Charis SIL cê-tā“ diē-lié gì „ăng-ciŏng“ gái có̤ „diong /tuoŋ˥˥/“, nguāi ngiê-mā du sê ciong-uâng gōng, «Hók-ciu huong-ngiòng cê-diēng» diē-lié mò̤ siu ô cī cṳ̄ng gōng huák... Siā cê bēng bēng â-dā̤ gì „Ché káng lâ“ dék hō̤ gái có̤ „Ché káng giáng“ he̤k „Ché kang mâing“ [[User:Chbu|Chbu]] 13:34, 11 Sĕk nguŏk 2006 (UTC) :Gūi hō̤ lāu. --[[User:GnuDoyng|GnuDoyng]] 10:19, 12 Sĕk nguŏk 2006 (UTC) „Recent“ â̤ sāi huang ik có̤ „Cī buong“[[User:Chbu|Chbu]] 01:34, 15 Sĕk nguŏk 2006 (UTC) ===„削除“ 怎講不比'殺死'好 !?=== :tài sī "Ô̤-muòng": Miàng kī dâng go̤. 我強烈反對使用有暴力性的詞彙來翻譯新概念. 翻譯新辭或引入新辭的問題上, 靠台傾向我是不反對, 還會支持. 但是引入如此暴力傾向的辭彙還不如直接使用華語的'刪除'! ::Tā-先我想來想去，見覺“刣”者字無什乇問題。譬如講英語 gì “to kill”，電腦術語有講“to kill a process”，華語直接翻譯做“''殺死進程/行程''”，cī-邊 gì “to kill”是“to terminate” gì 意思，蜀仂囝暴力感覺都無（因為我 lā̤ 學校辰候是學信息科學，對 cuòi 比較師）；同樣道理，“刣”者詞掏來翻譯“to delete”，nâ 是習慣問題。我建議 ng-使 cī-māng 急，者話頭先攖 ciē-lié mâing，乞大家齊討論。橫直，揀詞其原則是罔“閩”罔好。先聽 lā̤ 別儂怎想。汝見何如？--[[User:GnuDoyng|GnuDoyng]] 16:28, 7 Sĕk-ék nguŏk 2006 (UTC) 另外, 導航最好翻譯作引導(ing33 do231), 因為這個詞彙比導航更容易理解[[User:Chbu|Chbu]] 14:05, 7 Sĕk-ék nguŏk 2006 (UTC) :Gūi hō̤ lāu! --[[User:GnuDoyng|GnuDoyng]] 16:39, 7 Sĕk-ék nguŏk 2006 (UTC) Cūng „īng-dô̤“, „sìng-tō̤“, „ga-si“ tàu-tàu cê du sê nâung-tā̤?[[User:Chbu|Chbu]] 03:04, 9 Sĕk-ék nguŏk 2006 (UTC) :正是啊，無辦法設置。--[[User:GnuDoyng|GnuDoyng]] 04:09, 9 Sĕk-ék nguŏk 2006 (UTC) == Statistics == Seems there's a bug: Statistics page says "''there are 18,446,744,073,709,551,613 pages''". -_-||| --[[User:GnuDoyng|GnuDoyng]] 01:54, 3 October 2006 (UTC) :I think it'll clear up on its own. In the mean time, you might wanna take a picture ;) [[User:A-giâu|A-giâu]] 03:42, 3 October 2006 (UTC) :It's normal now. [[User:A-giâu|A-giâu]] 05:44, 3 October 2006 (UTC) Great! ^^ --[[User:GnuDoyng|GnuDoyng]] 06:56, 3 October 2006 (UTC) ==每个罗马字版本应该有对应的汉字版本== 我认为, 这样才可以使在汉字教育下长大, 但讲方言的大多数同胞对本百科全书产生最大共鸣. 至于如何加入"对应版本", 我建议增设一个"汉字方言版本"的"翻页", 就如中文维基有"简体", "繁体"两个翻页一样. 但不要自动转换. 我建议人手把罗马字转写成汉字方言文. 有时也不需要用完全汉字文. 最理想的是汉罗混用文. 但有本字的尽量用汉字, 用了汉字效果不好的虚词可以用罗拼. 其目的是增加民众的共鸣, 把本百科全书从象牙塔向大众发展. [[User:Pangguanzhe|Pangguanzhe]] :謝謝龐兄來此提意見。關於全漢字、全羅馬字、抑或漢羅並用究竟孰優孰劣這個問題，我認為這個年代的人不可能找到答案。 :使用漢字的優點是顯而易見的，它能夠增強文字對讀者的親和力，并且確實已經有很多人跟我反應過這個問題。我的看法是，如果他們愿意來用漢字貢獻，并且他們的人數夠多（只要有10個，這個數字看似不過分哦<nowiki>-_-'''</nowiki>），我就同意把介面改成漢字版本。 :但由我自己來決定，我是不會選擇漢字的。為什麽呢？首先，很多漢字的寫法根本就不固定，即使是學者編的辭典，也是各家寫各家。也許有人說，那這些字就用羅馬字代替吧！漢羅並用——這樣做理論上是可以，我在寫網誌和私人日記的時候都是采用漢羅並用的。但是，Wiki上發表的是正式文體，把羅馬字夾雜在漢字裏的做法是不是得體，值得商榷。因為羅馬字不像假名，它不是方塊形的。而且，目前也沒有一個特定的標準說哪些字適合用羅馬字哪些字適合用漢字：高興起來多寫幾個羅馬字，不高興了多寫幾個漢字，這都不利於文體的標準化。 :另外還牽涉到一個人為的問題，就是目前為止尚無一款根據福州話音韻開發的漢字輸入法。這導致我每次不得不打漢字的時候都要先在大腦裏回想一下它的華語發音——這嚴重干擾了我的寫作思維！我想，像我一樣不會用字型輸入法打字的人還很多吧？如果都在這樣惡劣的情況下寫作，那寫出來的文章的質量真的很值得懷疑。 :最后談談全羅。很多人對全羅文字有很強的排斥感，往往是他們不了解羅馬字的來歷，以及羅馬字在歷史上曾經扮演的文化地位（其實我在小時候也從來沒聽說過），所以他們沒有耐心去看去學。但我要說，羅馬字的出版物頗豐，它可絕對不是象牙塔裏的東西，福建的教會到今天仍然有人在用羅馬字唱聖詩。換位思考一下，即使是一個以華語為第一語言的人，當他第一次接觸漢語拼音時，他也一定會覺得拼音像外語。所以，這不是羅馬字本身的問題，而是閱讀者和學習者的態度問題。--[[User:GnuDoyng|GnuDoyng]] 11:44, 6 Sĕk-ék nguŏk 2006 (UTC) ::我本人不赞成把整个界面改成汉字方言版以喧宾夺主. 我认为罗马字, 在本维基中是"建瓯族群的民族文字", 正如韩谚是朝鲜民族的民族文字. 所以它们永远应该被放在"主"的地位. 但是, 放开汉字俗字撰写, 是从象牙塔向民众开放的开始, 是一种"世俗化"的"改革开放", 说不定会引来一个建瓯网络写作的春天. 当然, 我不敢想象牛先生用汉字俗字写作. 每个人都有自己擅长的输入和表达方式. 以牛先生的学院式严谨, 适合参加对大量汉字俗字文献的拉丁转写工作. 我也提倡尽量不要用汉语拼音来输入汉字. 多用五笔和仓颉. 用香港,日本输入法来写的人更要另眼相看! 关于汉罗混合的"不规范"看法, 我觉得情有可缘, 但不尽有说服力. 日本的汉字假名混用其实也是没有规范标准的. 爱用多少汉字就用多少. 其实这就造就了日本语文的一种"自由主义"的风格. 我对自由主义风格的语文如英,日,台湾混用,各国原著民的新兴口语文等, 和对比较规范严谨的语文如德,拉丁,梵等, 都同样地欣赏. 它们各有长处. 规范严谨的学术语文, 与自由主义的世俗语文, 可能是台湾闽南语文在未来的两个截然不同的发展方向吧! 有对比, 就有意想不到的成果. 这可能比韩国, 越南的统一规范拼音化要更有益. 未来的网络, 是自由主义的网络. 拼音会渐渐增加的. 但福建人要首先养成书写自己方言的习惯. 我与家人通信, 就从来不写规范现代汉语书面语. [[User:Pangguanzhe|Pangguanzhe]] :::龐兄有個錯誤我先指正一下。閩東和建甌是兩個不同的族群，建甌族群的人說的是[[:zh:闽北语|閩北語]]，閩東語和它的差別恐怕比閩東語和閩南語的差別還大些。不過這也不怪龐兄，不少學術著作總是把福建的五大族群（閩東、莆仙、閩南、閩中、閩西）很簡單很不負責任地分成閩北和閩南兩支，掩蓋了福建本土文化極具多樣性的事實。--[[User:GnuDoyng|GnuDoyng]] 10:30, 7 Sĕk-ék nguŏk 2006 (UTC) ::牛兄寫道：「目前也沒有一個特定的標準說哪些字適合用羅馬字哪些字適合用漢字：高興起來多寫幾個羅馬字，不高興了多寫幾個漢字，這都不利於文體的標準化」。我無意推崇漢羅並用法，祇是想到，日文的「漢假並用」或許從未統一過。至今哪些詞素應該寫漢字、哪些寫假名，似乎沒有完全一致，就算政府有規範，民間未必徹底遵守。但往另一方面想，其實這種不穩定性也是種彈性，譬如在社會某些場合或context可能刻意多寫漢字，某些場合則去漢字，不同的組合有其特殊的社會意義。[[User:A-giâu|A-giâu]] 18:30, 22 Sĕk-nê nguŏk 2006 (UTC) *(!)''這導致我每次不得不打漢字的時候都要先在大腦裏回想一下它的華語發音'' <---- 牛冬用蒼頡碼乎？--[[User:129.49.88.64|129.49.88.64]] 03:12, 19 Sĕk-nê nguŏk 2006 (UTC) :我知道這是一款在台灣很流行的輸入法，我印象中，它也是種字型輸入法吧？其實我不會寫正體字，只會看而已。中國簡體字的五筆字型我都不會，更別提蒼頡碼啦。--[[User:GnuDoyng|GnuDoyng]] 14:23, 19 Sĕk-nê nguŏk 2006 (UTC) ::倉頡輸入法香港最流行。我猜是因為（1）國民黨在台灣搞的注音符號（注音符號輸入法）不適用粵語，（2）中國漢語拼音不適用粵語（象牙塔的「方言」方案不談），（3）粵語羅馬拼音太多套且沒有一套取得支配性的地位，所以解字的輸入法有空間。台灣則是以注音符號輸入法為主。[[User:A-giâu|A-giâu]] 18:37, 22 Sĕk-nê nguŏk 2006 (UTC) == 中文 Wikiversity == *(06:21, 7 十一月 2006 (UTC))-- Wikiversity 中文名之議 [[:zh:Wikipedia:投票/Wikiversity中文譯名]] --[[User:Hillgentleman|Hillgentleman]]14:23, 7 Sĕk-ék nguŏk 2006 (UTC) *10-11-2006: Wikiversity Beta: [http://beta.wikiversity.org/wiki/建校問題 建中文Wikiversity問題之議] ==Ng sāi ció háng-cê lāu== Nguāi giéng gáe̤k ùng-ciong ng sāi ció hāng cê, dek biék dê-miàng, chiông „Go̤-lù (gao lú)“, nang ga nâ sāi ció siông Ing-ngṳ̄ gì siā huák cêu ô-li-kó̤ lāu. Chiông Mìng-âiu cūng-kuāng dê-miàng sioh â câ̤ káng chók gì dê-miàng tá-sāi ció lŭ? [[User:Chbu|Chbu]] 15:00, 7 Sĕk-ék nguŏk 2006 (UTC) :[[Mìng-âiu]] siŏh-â cêu â̤ káng chók-lì? Nguāi mâ̤ siŏng-séng a XD... Bók-guó, nguāi ciék-sêu nṳ̄ "huăng-ĭk gì sṳ̀ nâ puói Ĭng-ngṳ̄" gì gióng-ngiê. --[[User:GnuDoyng|GnuDoyng]] 15:42, 7 Sĕk-ék nguŏk 2006 (UTC) == Fuzhounese Teaching website == http://www.jjps.matsu.edu.tw/Web/mother/index.htm i like this one, they have chinese.. == My suggestion == hey can you like post a BUC version fuzhounese and a chinese version fuzhounese. because i have hard time to read BUC version...plus it looks vietnamese, i don't think we should follow the vietnamese. We need both, Chinese characters version of Fuzhounese and BUC version. We can use BUC Version like a pinyin... like I can read this "請大家儂發言辰候記嚟使" [Wei Huang] :Hello Wei Huang (what's your name in Foochow?), nice to hear your suggustion. Well, whether BUC or Chinese has long been debated. As a BUC advocate myself, I believe Chinese version does have shortcomings: Firstly, many common characters haven't got a unified written form. Secondly, so far we haven't had a Chinese input solution that is completely based on the Foochow pronunciation. For more information about why this wikipedia is written in BUC rather than Chinese characters, please read [[Wikipedia:Du%C3%A2i_ch%C3%A9u_%C3%A2#.E6.AF.8F.E4.B8.AA.E7.BD.97.E9.A9.AC.E5.AD.97.E7.89.88.E6.9C.AC.E5.BA.94.E8.AF.A5.E6.9C.89.E5.AF.B9.E5.BA.94.E7.9A.84.E6.B1.89.E5.AD.97.E7.89.88.E6.9C.AC|this discussion]]. Anyway, I don't think BUC is so difficult to learn as it appears. Hope [[Help:如何讀|this article]] could help you with that (I assume you understand Mandarin). --[[User:GnuDoyng|GnuDoyng]] 14:11, 2 Sĕk-nê nguŏk 2006 (UTC) I don't know how to type my name in fuzhou hua Yes, I know theres shortcoming on chinese version, but I think you can come up with a stand form of fuzhounese writing. The fuzhounese input you can create one like pinyin typing method. By the way what's your name? I heard that you only 22 years old...what is GnuDyong stands for Huang Wei :I was born in 1983, so in terms of Foochow traditional age-calculation, I'm 24 already. GnuDoyng is only my cybername, while my real name is "Ngù Dĕ̤ng" (牛冬). If your name is "黄偉", then it's written as "Uòng Ūi". :To create a Chinese-character input program, we need to build a database of tens of thousands of characters first. This is no easy job. I hope someone will do this in future. :BTW, why not [http://cdo.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Userlogin&type=signup sign up an account] here? --[[User:GnuDoyng|GnuDoyng]] 06:40, 3 Sĕk-nê nguŏk 2006 (UTC) ==我爱母语== ＂寡见觉＂：我们闽东语应使用类似日本假名的方法来书写，找得到字源的用本字，找不到字源的或白读音（区别文读音）用假名（就是汉字的草体字规范一下），另外用些符号或汉字编旁来表示拟声词或外来词（当然也可以用罗马字），这类词语在本语中所占比例也不少． 有必要再创造一套属于闽东语的正体字，我的意思是用一些规则符号加工（音，意，形）相结合，作为上述文体之外的正规语文．　　当然，文言文也要传承下来．如果不学普通话，上面三种文体相结合，我们的母语该是多美多有生命力啊，可是．．．．． 我觉得如果真要发展闽东语，我们要整合一下音韵，不是以福州话为标准的，而是统一一下，加入Ｓ，Ｃ，Ｚ的音，可能古代我们也有这样的音．另外，不是闽语都没有Ｆ的音，福州话是没有，可福清话和宁德话是有的，是把Ｓ的音前都加了个Ｆ，都没有人知道，何况专家，与福清相连的莆田也有这个音． 用罗马字是最不好的，既难看懂审美效果也不好，干吗要用西方人的东西呢，搞的跟越南文一样，笨死了，被人瞧不起．是不是要考虑一下把闽北，莆田，浙南的方言给同化掉，或曰融合，加大闽东语的势力．但最重要的还是母语教育啊，宣传．还有，不讲了，再讲下去扯大了，变成反动，定个颠覆国家罪给抓了，怎么办，你们应该知道我要讲什么吧．．．．．．．．．哈哈 --[[Special:Contributions/67.15.183.6|67.15.183.6]] :寡见觉，下次学学wiki的基本操作再来发言。不然我还以为你在这里搞vandalism呢。为闽东语创造文字，即使有人拥有这个能力也绝对没有相匹配的号召力，所以，我——这本维基百科的撰写人之一——只能从历史文献中寻找她曾记存在过的书面形式（罗马字是西方人为闽东人创造的东西，不是西方人的东西，这个逻辑你最好先理清）。至于是不是“笨死了，被人瞧不起”，谢谢，请不要诋毁无辜的越南人民。XD :我也觉得福州话仅从音韵而言，不足以代表整个闽东语，就像消失了浊声母[dz]的厦门音不足以代表整个闽南语一样。不知兄台来自闽东何处？很遗憾，我从来没有看到过福安地区和浙南地区的其它分支的闽东语人士来和我们福州人商讨所谓的“整合方案”，更惶论加入[f]这样与经典闽语格格不入的音素了。 :热爱母语是好的，但要克服掉一些幼稚的情节。在华语大环境下，闽东语是受害者。作为受害者，我们不该抱着狭隘的心态，非要摇身变一个加害者不可。--[[User:GnuDoyng|GnuDoyng]] 13:35, 14 Sĕk-nê nguŏk 2006 (UTC) 416 1429 2006-10-12T10:09:59Z GnuDoyng 13 "$1" lôi-biék â-dā̤ gì ùng-ciŏng 417 1430 2006-10-12T10:11:02Z GnuDoyng 13 Ciā lôi-biék â-dā̤ gê̤ṳng-cūng ô $1 piĕng ùng-ciŏng. 419 1438 2006-10-12T10:20:34Z GnuDoyng 13 '''Sìng-uâ''' gái-siêu sié-gái chók-miàng gì sìng-uâ diòng-siók. 420 1439 2006-10-12T10:32:12Z GnuDoyng 13 Bĕk-nè̤ng diŏh nṳ̄ tā-sĕng siŭ-gāi cī miêng hiăh gì sèng-hâiu có̤ lāu gì-tă gì siŭ-gāi. Gà̤-dēng gì bēng-bēng hiēng-sê gì sê hiêng-câi có̤i sĭng gì bēng-buōng. Nṳ̄ sū có̤ gì gāi-biéng găk â-dā̤ gì bēng-bēng diē-sié. Nṳ̄ sṳ̆-iéu găk gà̤-dēng gì bēng-bēng diē-sié cīng-hăk nṳ̄ lâng ciáh nè̤ng sū có̤ gì gāi-biéng. Iŏk-guō nṳ̄ dĭk-ciék áik "Bō̤-còng ciā hiăh", <b>nâ ô</b> gà̤-dēng bēng-bēng diē-sié gì ùng-cê â̤ ké̤ṳk bō̤-còng. 421 1441 2006-10-12T10:34:55Z GnuDoyng 13 Siŭ-gāi ciék: $1 422 1463 2006-10-13T10:14:17Z GnuDoyng 13 Chăng-kō̤ [http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:External_editors setup instructions] liēu-gāi gáing sâ̤ séng-sék. 423 1443 2006-10-12T10:37:44Z GnuDoyng 13 Siŭ-gāi bìng-lâung sê: "<i>$1</i>". 424 1444 2006-10-12T10:40:37Z GnuDoyng 13 Sāi nguôi-buô tiàng-sê̤ṳ piĕng-cék ciā ùng-giông 425 1445 2006-10-12T10:49:00Z GnuDoyng 13 '''Tō̤ mâ̤ diŏh dū-dū siŏh-iông gì miàng "$1".''' Nṳ̄ â̤-sāi [[:$1|cê-gă siā]]. 426 1446 2006-10-12T10:50:12Z GnuDoyng 13 Ciā hiăh mò̤ siŭ-gāi lĭk-sṳ̄. 427 1469 2006-10-13T10:24:23Z GnuDoyng 13 Buóh liēu-gāi diŏh {{SITENAME}} sìng-tō̤ ùng-ciŏng gì gáing sâ̤ séng-sék, chiāng chăng-kō̤ [[{{ns:project}}:Sìng-tō̤]]. 428 1468 2006-10-13T10:24:10Z GnuDoyng 13 Sìng-tō̤ 429 3822 2006-11-21T13:25:20Z GnuDoyng 13 Sìng-tō̤ giék-guō 430 1450 2006-10-12T10:55:20Z GnuDoyng 13 Guăng-lièng-séng: $1 431 1451 2006-10-12T10:55:42Z GnuDoyng 13 $1 KB ($2 cê) 433 3317 2006-11-01T21:05:21Z Dcljr 31 includeonly/noinclude categories {{Bă-biĕk ngṳ̄-ngiòng-M| letter code size=1.2em| letter code=<span lang="en">[[Lá-dĭng-ngṳ̄|la]]</span>| text size=0.83em| text=<span lang="la">Hic usor aut '''[[:Category:User la-M|naturaliter]]''' '''[[:Category:User la|latine]]''' loquitur atque contribuere potest aut potius mentitur.</span>}}<includeonly>[[Category:User la|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User la-M|{{PAGENAME}}]]</includeonly><noinclude> [[Category:User la| M]][[Category:User la-M| M]] [[de:Vorlage:User la]][[en:Template:User la]][[la:Formula:Usor la]][[zh:Template:User la]]</noinclude> 434 3314 2006-11-01T21:05:01Z Dcljr 31 includeonly/noinclude categories {{Bă-biĕk ngṳ̄-ngiòng-3| letter code size=1.2em| letter code=<span lang="en">[[Lá-dĭng-ngṳ̄|la]]</span>| text size=0.83em| text=<span lang="la">Hic usor '''[[:Category:User la-3|callidissima]]''' '''[[:Category:User la|latinitate]]''' contribuere potest.</span>}}<includeonly>[[Category:User la|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User la-3|{{PAGENAME}}]]</includeonly><noinclude> [[Category:User la| 3]][[Category:User la-3| 3]] [[de:Vorlage:User la]][[en:Template:User la]][[la:Formula:Usor la]][[zh:Template:User la]]</noinclude> 435 3315 2006-11-01T21:05:03Z Dcljr 31 includeonly/noinclude categories {{Bă-biĕk ngṳ̄-ngiòng-2| letter code size=1.2em| letter code=<span lang="en">[[Lá-dĭng-ngṳ̄|la]]</span>| text size=0.83em| text=<span lang="la">Hic usor '''[[:Category:User la-2|media]]''' '''[[:Category:User la|latinitate]]''' contribuere potest.</span>}}<includeonly>[[Category:User la|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User la-2|{{PAGENAME}}]]</includeonly><noinclude> [[Category:User la| 2]][[Category:User la-2| 2]] [[de:Vorlage:User la-2]][[en:Template:User la-2]][[la:Formula:Usor la-2]][[zh:Template:User la-2]]</noinclude> 436 3316 2006-11-01T21:05:04Z Dcljr 31 includeonly/noinclude categories {{Bă-biĕk ngṳ̄-ngiòng-1| letter code size=1.2em| letter code=<span lang="en">[[Lá-dĭng-ngṳ̄|la]]</span>| text size=0.83em| text=<span lang="la">Hic usor '''[[:Category:User la-1|simplice]]''' '''[[:Category:User la|latinitate]]''' contribuere potest.</span>}}<includeonly>[[Category:User la|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User la-1|{{PAGENAME}}]]</includeonly><noinclude> [[Category:User la| 1]][[Category:User la-1| 1]] [[de:Vorlage:User la-1]][[en:Template:User la-1]][[la:Formula:Usor la-1]][[zh:Template:User la-1]]</noinclude> 437 3308 2006-11-01T20:57:19Z Dcljr 31 includeonly/noinclude categories {{Bă-biĕk ngṳ̄-ngiòng-M| letter code size=1.2em| letter code=<span lang="it">[[É-dâi-lê-ngṳ̄|it]]</span>| text size=0.83em| text=<span lang="it">Questo utente è di '''[[:Category:User it-M|madrelingua]] [[:Category:User it|italiana]]'''.</span>}}<includeonly>[[Category:User it|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User it-M|{{PAGENAME}}]]</includeonly><noinclude> [[Category:User it| M]][[Category:User it-M| M]]</noinclude> 438 1470 2006-10-13T11:09:19Z GnuDoyng 13 Báik nguŏk 439 1471 2006-10-13T11:09:35Z GnuDoyng 13 Hŭng-sō̤ ê̤ṳng-hô 440 1472 2006-10-13T11:09:47Z GnuDoyng 13 Hŭng-sō̤ sìng-gŭng 441 1473 2006-10-13T11:10:08Z GnuDoyng 13 Ê̤ṳng-hô ké̤ṳk hŭng-sō̤ lāu 442 1474 2006-10-13T11:11:48Z GnuDoyng 13 hŭng-sō̤ 443 1475 2006-10-13T11:12:00Z GnuDoyng 13 Hŭng-sō̤ nĭk-cé 444 1476 2006-10-13T11:12:41Z GnuDoyng 13 Hō̤ 445 1477 2006-10-13T11:12:49Z GnuDoyng 13 Sì-găng 446 1478 2006-10-13T11:13:06Z GnuDoyng 13 Ê̤ṳng-hô 447 1480 2006-10-13T13:45:00Z GnuDoyng 13 <br clear="all" /> {| align="center" class="toccolours" cellspacing="0" |- bgcolor="#ccccff" | align="center" | '''Sié-gái dâi-lṳ̆k gâe̤ng dâi-iòng''' {| | align="right" style="font-size: 90%; vertical-align: top;" | '''Dâi-lṳ̆k: | style="font-size: 90%;" | [[Ā-ciŭ]] | [[Báe̤k Mī-ciŭ]] | [[Dâi-iòng-ciŭ]] | [[Ĕu-ciŭ]] | [[Hĭ-ciŭ]] | [[Nàng-gĭk-ciŭ]] | [[Nàng Mī-ciŭ]] |- | align="right" style="font-size: 90%; vertical-align: top;" | '''Dâi-iòng: | style="font-size: 90%;" | [[Báe̤k-bĭng-iòng]] | [[Dâi-să̤-iòng]] | [[Éng-dô-iòng]] | [[Tái-bìng-iòng]] |} |} 448 1486 2006-10-13T14:02:05Z GnuDoyng 13 '''Sié-gái''' gái-siêu 7 dâi-lṳ̆k 4 dâi-iòng. 449 3305 2006-11-01T20:57:09Z Dcljr 31 includeonly/noinclude categories {{Bă-biĕk ngṳ̄-ngiòng-3| letter code size=1.2em| letter code=<span lang="it">[[É-dâi-lê-ngṳ̄|it]]</span>| text size=0.83em| text=<span lang="it">Questo utente può contribuire con un '''[[:Category:User it|italiano]]''' di livello '''[[:Category:User it-3|avanzato]]'''.</span>}}<includeonly>[[Category:User it|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User it-3|{{PAGENAME}}]]</includeonly><noinclude> [[Category:User it| 3]][[Category:User it-3| 3]]</noinclude> 450 3306 2006-11-01T20:57:10Z Dcljr 31 includeonly/noinclude categories {{Bă-biĕk ngṳ̄-ngiòng-2| letter code size=1.2em| letter code=<span lang="it">[[É-dâi-lê-ngṳ̄|it]]</span>| text size=0.83em| text=<span lang="it">Questo utente può contribuire con un '''[[:Category:User it|italiano]]''' di livello '''[[:Category:User it-2|intermedio]]'''.</span>}}<includeonly>[[Category:User it|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User it-2|{{PAGENAME}}]]</includeonly><noinclude> [[Category:User it| 2]][[Category:User it-2| 2]]</noinclude> 451 3307 2006-11-01T20:57:14Z Dcljr 31 includeonly/noinclude categories {{Bă-biĕk ngṳ̄-ngiòng-1| letter code size=1.2em| letter code=<span lang="it">[[É-dâi-lê-ngṳ̄|it]]</span>| text size=0.83em| text=<span lang="it">Questo utente può contribuire con un livello '''[[:Category:User it-1|semplice]]''' di '''[[:Category:User it|italiano]]'''.</span>}}<includeonly>[[Category:User it|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User it-1|{{PAGENAME}}]]</includeonly><noinclude> [[Category:User it| 1]][[Category:User it-1| 1]]</noinclude> 452 3293 2006-11-01T19:21:19Z Dcljr 31 + /noinclude {{Bă-biĕk ngṳ̄-ngiòng-M| letter code size=1.2em| letter code=<span lang="es">[[Să̤-băng-ngà-ngṳ̄|es]]</span>| text size=0.83em| text=<span lang="es">Este usuario tiene el '''[[:Category:User es|español]]''' como '''[[:Category:User es-M|lengua materna]]'''.</span>}}<includeonly>[[Category:User es|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User es-M|{{PAGENAME}}]]</includeonly><noinclude> [[Category:User es| M]][[Category:User es-M| M]]</noinclude> 453 3296 2006-11-01T19:21:47Z Dcljr 31 includeonly/noinclude categories {{Bă-biĕk ngṳ̄-ngiòng-3| letter code size=1.2em| letter code=<span lang="es">[[Să̤-băng-ngà-ngṳ̄|es]]</span>| text size=0.83em| text=<span lang="es">Este usuario puede contribuir con un nivel '''[[:Category:User es-3|avanzado]]''' de '''[[:Category:User es|español]]'''.</span>}}<includeonly>[[Category:User es|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User es-3|{{PAGENAME}}]]</includeonly><noinclude> [[Category:User es| 3]][[Category:User es-3| 3]]</noinclude> 454 3295 2006-11-01T19:21:35Z Dcljr 31 includeonly/noinclude categories {{Bă-biĕk ngṳ̄-ngiòng-2| letter code size=1.2em| letter code=<span lang="es">[[Să̤-băng-ngà-ngṳ̄|es]]</span>| text size=0.83em| text=<span lang="es">Este usuario puede contribuir con un nivel '''[[:Category:User es-2|intermedio]]''' de '''[[:Category:User es|español]]'''.</span>}}<includeonly>[[Category:User es|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User es-2|{{PAGENAME}}]]</includeonly><noinclude> [[Category:User es| 2]][[Category:User es-2| 2]]</noinclude> 455 3294 2006-11-01T19:21:27Z Dcljr 31 + /noinclude {{Bă-biĕk ngṳ̄-ngiòng-1| letter code size=1.2em| letter code=<span lang="es">[[Să̤-băng-ngà-ngṳ̄|es]]</span>| text size=0.83em| text=<span lang="es">Este usuario puede contribuir con un nivel '''[[:Category:User es-1|básico]]''' de '''[[:Category:User es|español]]'''.</span>}}<includeonly>[[Category:User es|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User es-1|{{PAGENAME}}]]</includeonly><noinclude> [[Category:User es| 1]][[Category:User es-1| 1]]</noinclude> 456 3301 2006-11-01T20:56:17Z Dcljr 31 includeonly/noinclude categories; interwikis {{Bă-biĕk ngṳ̄-ngiòng-M| letter code size=1.2em| letter code=<span lang="ja">[[Nĭk-ngṳ̄|ja]]</span>| text size=0.83em| text=<span lang="ja"><span lang="ja">この利用者は'''[[:Category:User ja|日本語]]'''を'''[[:Category:User ja-M|母語]]'''としています。</span></span>}}<includeonly>[[Category:User ja|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User ja-M|{{PAGENAME}}]]</includeonly><noinclude> [[Category:User ja| M]][[Category:User ja-M| M]] [[de:Vorlage:User ja]][[en:Template:User ja]][[zh:Template:User ja]]</noinclude> 457 3302 2006-11-01T20:56:40Z Dcljr 31 includeonly/noinclude categories {{Bă-biĕk ngṳ̄-ngiòng-3| letter code size=1.2em| letter code=<span lang="ja">[[Nĭk-ngṳ̄|ja]]</span>| text size=0.83em| text=<span lang="ja">この利用者は'''[[:Category:User ja-3|流暢]]'''な'''[[:Category:User ja|日本語]]'''を話します。</span>}}<includeonly>[[Category:User ja|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User ja-3|{{PAGENAME}}]]</includeonly><noinclude> [[Category:User ja| 3]][[Category:User ja-3| 3]] [[de:Vorlage:User ja-3]][[en:Template:User ja-3]][[zh:Template:User ja-3]]</noinclude> 458 3303 2006-11-01T20:56:42Z Dcljr 31 includeonly/noinclude categories {{Bă-biĕk ngṳ̄-ngiòng-2| letter code size=1.2em| letter code=<span lang="ja">[[Nĭk-ngṳ̄|ja]]</span>| text size=0.83em| text=<span lang="ja">この利用者は'''[[:Category:User ja-2|ある程度]]'''の'''[[:Category:User ja|日本語]]'''を話します。</span>}}<includeonly>[[Category:User ja|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User ja-2|{{PAGENAME}}]]</includeonly><noinclude> [[Category:User ja| 2]][[Category:User ja-2| 2]] [[de:Vorlage:User ja-2]][[en:Template:User ja-2]][[zh:Template:User ja-2]]</noinclude> 459 3304 2006-11-01T20:56:59Z Dcljr 31 includeonly/noinclude categories {{Bă-biĕk ngṳ̄-ngiòng-1| letter code size=1.2em| letter code=<span lang="ja">[[Nĭk-ngṳ̄|ja]]</span>| text size=0.83em| text=<span lang="ja">この利用者は'''[[:Category:User ja-1|簡単]]'''な'''[[:Category:User ja|日本語]]'''を話します。 </span>}}<includeonly>[[Category:User ja|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User ja-1|{{PAGENAME}}]]</includeonly><noinclude> [[Category:User ja| 1]][[Category:User ja-1| 1]] [[de:Vorlage:User ja-1]][[en:Template:User ja-1]][[zh:Template:User ja-1]]</noinclude> 461 1508 2006-10-14T12:44:18Z GnuDoyng 13 Gāi-biéng mĭk-mā 462 1509 2006-10-14T12:47:14Z GnuDoyng 13 Ê̤ṳng-hô góng-hióng 463 1510 2006-10-14T12:47:34Z GnuDoyng 13 Project:Bēng-guòng 464 1511 2006-10-14T12:47:44Z GnuDoyng 13 {{SITENAME}} bēng-guòng 465 1512 2006-10-14T12:49:26Z GnuDoyng 13 Kŭi dióng-hô̤ 466 1513 2006-10-14T12:49:37Z GnuDoyng 13 Kŭi hiăh 467 1514 2006-10-14T12:51:13Z GnuDoyng 13 Sĕk-nê nguŏk 468 1515 2006-10-14T12:51:23Z GnuDoyng 13 {{SITENAME}} diêng-piĕ 469 1516 2006-10-14T12:51:30Z GnuDoyng 13 hâ-diòng 470 1517 2006-10-14T12:52:00Z GnuDoyng 13 sĭng làu-uâ 471 1518 2006-10-14T12:52:04Z GnuDoyng 13 Sĭng hiăh 472 1521 2006-10-14T13:23:00Z GnuDoyng 13 góng-hióng 473 1525 2006-10-14T13:37:36Z GnuDoyng 13 Mò̤ diêng-piĕ dê-cī 474 1526 2006-10-14T13:37:46Z GnuDoyng 13 siông-diòng ĭ 475 1527 2006-10-14T13:40:16Z GnuDoyng 13 Mò̤ láuk-diē 476 1528 2006-10-14T13:40:52Z GnuDoyng 13 Nṳ̄ gì gáng-sê-dăng gà̤-dēng mò̤ dèu-mĕ̤k. 477 3544 2006-11-08T11:00:00Z GnuDoyng 13 '''Săng-săng''' (三山) sê [[Hók-ciŭ]] gì biék-chĭng, ĭng-ôi gô-dā̤ Hók-ciŭ siàng diē-sié ô săng láung săng. Cī săng láung săng dó̤-dā̤ sê diē săng láung, gó mâ̤ chĭng-chū. Hiêng-sì-câi cī săng láung sê [[Bìng-săng]] (屏山), [[Ŭ-săng]] (烏山), [[Ṳ̀-săng]] (於山). ==Còng, hiêng, bók-kō̤-giéng gì gōng-huák== Ô-guăng Săng-săng gì sū-cī găh Hók-ciŭ, ô cī uâng gōng-huák: Săng săng còng, săng săng hiêng, săng săng bók-kō̤-giéng. (三山藏，三山現，三山不可見。) :"Săng săng còng" gì săng săng: Lò̤-săng (羅山), Iā-săng (冶山), Mìng-săng (閩山); :"Săng săng hiêng" gì săng săng: Ŭ-siŏh-săng (Ŭ-săng), Ṳ̀-săng, Uŏk-uòng-săng (Bìng-săng); :"Săng săng bók-kō̤-giéng" gì săng săng: Lìng-săng (靈山), Ciĕ-săng (芝山), Cṳ̆ng-săng (鐘山). ==Săng-săng gì diòng-siók== Gŏng-gé̤ṳ diòng-siók, Mìng-uòng găh kuók-gióng Hók-ciŭ siàng sì-hâiu, ciŏng Bìng-săng, Ŭ-săng, Ṳ̀-săng kuòng gáu siàng-chiòng diē-sié, gó-chṳ̄ Hók-ciŭ siàng-chê ô săng láung săng. Iòng-hâiu, [[hŭng-cūi sĭng-săng]] gâe̤ng Mìng-uòng gōng, Hók-ciŭ sê siŏh dèu [[lṳ̀ng]], dáng-sê ciā lṳ̀ng mò̤ gáe̤k, mò nièng-ài buŏi. Iù-sê Mìng-uòng cêu găh Săng-săng dṳ̆ng gì Ŭ-săng gâe̤ng Ṳ̀-săng kī lāu lâng lŏ̤h [[ták]], niông „lṳ̀ng“ buók gáe̤k. Ŭ-săng gà̤-dēng siék gì hī lŏ̤h hāu lā̤ „[[Ŭ-ták]]“ (烏塔). Ṳ̀-săng gà̤-dēng siék gi hāu lā̤ „[[Băh-ták]]“ (白塔). [[Category:Siàng-chê]] [[Category:Mìng-cṳ̆]] [[zh:三山]] 478 3180 2006-10-31T13:14:34Z GnuDoyng 13 /* Cung Gáu */ Dài Ge̤ng (臺江) sê Hók-ciu gì sioh bih ôi-dó̤i, gah Hók-ciu siàng nàng buô, Mìng-ge̤ng báe̤k ngiâng. Báe̤k Sáe̤ng kui sṳ̄ Mìng-ge̤ng cūi puóng, luk dê hìng siàng, cing sâ̤ gì nè̤ng lì cuāi nē̤ dêu. Téng Mìng-dièu kui-sṳ̄ Dài Ge̤ng cêu siàng ôi Hók-ciu dék dê̤ṳng iéu gì siong ngiek dṳng sing. ==Gāng Sṳ̄== Dài Ge̤ng lik sṳ̄ siông géu lă̤ Nàng Dài. Gah gung-nguòng-sèng 770 nièng, ging dáng Dài Ge̤ng dṳng buô (Gék-siòng Sang hó gê̤ṳng) cêu ô Mìng-hṳk cuk gì sieng mìng seng uak gah cī lāu. Gung-nguòng-sèng 202 nièng, Mìng Uòng gah Nàng-dài Sang (Ging dáng gì Duâi-miêu Sang) sêu dong sì dṳng iong gì hung siōng, lik có̤ „Mìng Uok Uòng“, iòng hâiu gah ciā sang gà̤-dēng kī sioh gang miêu, hāu lă̤ „Mìng-uok-uòng Miêu“. Hâiu sié nè̤ng hāu miêu „Duâi Miêu“, cī sang iâ hāu lă̤ „Duâi-miêu Sang“. Gung-nguòng-sèng 134 nièng, De̤ng-uok Uòng Ṳ̀ Siêng gah Nàng-dài Sang ge̤ng bing diéu ngṳ̀, bêng ciā ôi géu gék-lé, gah cī kī sioh bih dài, hāu lă̤ „Diéu-ngṳ̀ Dài“. Gōng „De̤ng Nàng siàng kiéu uông, ô dài lìng ge̤ng“, „Dài Ge̤ng“ ing chṳ̄ dáik miàng. Dòng-dô̤i sì-hâiu, ging dáng gì Dài Ge̤ng suk Mìng Gâing gâe̤ng Âiu-guang Gâing guāng-hak. Hiā-sèng-hâiu lâng bih gâing áng ging dáng Bah-mā Giò, Bing-dáik Giò gâe̤ng Iòng-dṳng sioh dâi ôi gái siáng, ī de̤ng gì Dài Ge̤ng suk Mìng Gâing, ī sa̤ gì Dài Ge̤ng suk Âiu-guang Gâing. Ciong uâng gì guang hak huong sék tié lāu mì tì gáu gung-nguòng 1913 nièng lâng gâing hak-biáng có̤ Mìng-âiu Gâing ciáh giék sók. 1945 nièng, céng hu gah Dài Ge̤ng siék lik Siēu-giò Kṳ gâe̤ng Dài-ge̤ng Kṳ. 1956 nièng lâng kṳ hak-biáng có̤ ging dáng gì Dài-ge̤ng Kṳ ==Dê Lī gâe̤ng Ké-hâiu== Dài Ge̤ng Kṳ sê Hók-ciu chê 5 kṳ dài dong gì sioh bih. Ké-hâiu ung-huò ===Dê Lī=== Dài Ge̤ng gah Hók-gióng sēng de̤ng nàng buô, Hók-ciu chê-kṳ dṳng buô. Báe̤k-ūi 26 dô 05 miēu (26°05'), de̤ng-giang 119 dô 18 miēu (119°18). Mìng-ge̤ng báe̤k ngiâng, áng Mìng-ge̤ng Hòng-dô̤ gâe̤ng Chong-sang Kṳ gáh ge̤ng dó̤i siōng, de̤ng buông gâe̤ng Gu-sang Déng siong lièng, sa̤ buô gâe̤ng Hùng-sang Déng siong lièng, báe̤k buô sê Gū-làu Kṳ. Luk dê miêng-ciék 18 bìng-huong gong-lī. ===Ké Hâiu=== Dài Ge̤ng gì ké-hâiu suk Hāi-iòng séng gì ké-hâiu. Dài Ge̤ng gì hâ-gié gá dòng, de̤ng-gié cing dó̤i, dáng sê nâng ô gàng-dièu téng báe̤k huong giâ lì uâ, ung-dô iâ â̤ gáung gáu 0℃ ī giâ. Dài Ge̤ng nièng bìng-ging ung dô 19.6℃, gáung-ū liâng sê 1342.5 hò̤-mī. Siong nièng dài dong, 4-6 sê huô-gié (ṳ̄-gié), Mìng-ge̤ng sèu sèu dōng kā̤-cūi, 7-8 nguok iā ciēu dâung ṳ̄, dék gèng ung-dô du gah 35℃ ī siông, ô sì â̤ chieu guó 40℃, ciā sì hâiu iâ â̤ có̤ hung-tai. 9 nguok ī hâiu ké-ung mâing mâing gáung giâ lì, dáng sê dék gèng ung-dô gó sê gah 25~30℃ cō̤-êu, ciā sì hâiu gi buong du sê sàng-tieng, cing ciēu dâung ṳ̄. Iòng dong diè gáu 10 nguok dā̤ tieng cêu kai sṳ̄ liang lāu. 11 nguok tieng kiu chéng. 12 nguok gáu 2 nguok sê sioh nièng dài dong dék chéng gì sèng hâiu, tek biek gah nièng dau hiā sèng-hâiu, ung-dô sèu sèu nâ ô 0-6℃. ==Ìng Kēu gâe̤ng Cung Gáu== Dài Ge̤ng ìng kēu ô 37 uâng. Gṳ mìng ciō iéu séng Huk-gáu, dáng sê Dài Ge̤ng sê Tieng-ciō gáu gâe̤ng Gi-dók gáu dê̤ṳng iéu gì uak dông dê huong. ===Ìng Kēu=== Dài Ge̤ng ô 37 uâng nè̤ng, ciō iéu sê Háng-ìng. Nguòng-dô̤i sì-hâiu ô Mōng-gū nè̤ng dêu gah cuāi nē̤. Ching-dièu sèng hâiu chui iòng ô Māng-cuk nè̤ng lì Hók-ciu dêu, dáng ìng-kēu ng sê cing sâ̤. Hiêng-káik-sì Dài-ge̤ng dṳ̀ lāu Háng-ìng ī nguôi, gó ô Māng-cuk gâe̤ng Huòi-cuk dēng, dáng sê nè̤ng iā ciēu iā ciēu, ìng-kēu bī lṳk gó lă̤ mò̤ guó 0.5%. Ing dioh lik sṳ̄ gì iòng-iù, Dài Ge̤ng ìng kēu duâi buó hông gah nàng-buô gâe̤ng sa̤-nàng-buô. Âiu-ciu (gah Dài-ge̤ng Kṳ nàng-buô, Dài-ge̤ng guōng diòng huāi nē̤), Se̤ng-huòng (gah Dài Ge̤ng nàng-buô, Duâi-miêu-sèng huāi-nē̤), Chong-hà (gah Dài Ge̤ng sa̤-nàng-buô) gâe̤ng Bong-ciu (gah Dài Ge̤ng sa̤-nàng-buô) sé bih ga̤-dô̤ gì ìng-kēu mik-dô dék gèng, du gah sioh gong-lī 4.5 uâng ī gèng. ===Cung Gáu=== Dài Ge̤ng nè̤ng ciō iéu séng Huk Gáu. Tieng-ciō Gáu, Ià-su Gáu gâe̤ng Huòi Gáu gah Dài Ge̤ng du ô séng dù. Gah 1940 nièng-dó̤i ī sèng, Tieng-ciō Gáu gâe̤ng Ià-su Gáu gì Ciō-gáu cô̤-dòng du siék gah Dài Ge̤ng gì Gáu-dòng diē sié. Ing chṳ̄ Dài Ge̤ng sê Tieng-ciō Gáu gâe̤ng Ià-su Gáu diòng dô̤ gì dê̤ṳng iéu diòng sū. Ging dáng Tieng-ciō Gáu gáu iū do̤ só gah Ngiê-ciu, Buong-ciu, gâe̤ng Âiu-ciu. Dài Ge̤ng gì Tieng-ciō Gáu gáu iū dài dong, Diòng Lo̤h nè̤ng gâe̤ng Hók Chiang nè̤ng dék sâ̤, i cà̤ du sê 80 niêng ī hâiu lì cī có̤ seng-é he̤k seng uak. Hók-ciu buōng dê gì gáu iū duâi do̤ séng sê tō̤-ngṳ̀-gĭ. [[Category:Siàng-chê]] [[Category:Mìng-cṳ̆]] [[Category:Sĕk-ék]] [[zh:台江区]] 479 3427 2006-11-06T02:04:46Z Chbu 19 Mìng-âiu Gâing (閩侯縣) sê [[Hók-ciŭ Chê]] guāng-hăk gì 8 bĭh gâing dài-dŏng gì siŏh bĭh. Mìng-âiu Gâing gì tū-dê miêng-cék găh 8 gâing dài-dŏng bà̤ dâ̤ nê ôi. Mìng-âiu Gâing sê Mìng Gâing gâe̤ng Âiu-guăng Gâing hăk-biáng hâiu hìng-siàng gì. Hók-ciŭ Chê céng-hū siék-lĭk ī-hâiu bô téng Mìng-âiu Gâing diē-sié ciŏng nguòng lā̤ Mìng Gâing gì dê-buàng uăk chók, có̤-ôi Hók-ciŭ Chê gì chê-kṳ̆. ==Dê-lī== Mìng-âiu dioh Hók-gióng de̤ng buô. ===Ôi-dó̤i=== Mìng-âiu Gâing dioh dê-lī siông gì giang-ūi sê báe̤k-ūi 25° 47′ gáu 26° 37′, de̤ng-giang 118° 51′ gáu 119° 25′ ci-gang, cêu sê gah Hók-gióng Sēng de̤ng-buô. Mìng-ge̤ng dṳng-â iù. Góng gâing tù-dê miêng-cék sê 2,133 km², gṳng Ku-chèng gâe̤ng Īng-tái â-sāu, sê Sek-ék diē-sié miêng-cêk dâ̤ 3 duâi gì gâing, gah Ngū-kṳ-báik-gâing diē-sié bà̤ dâ̤ nê ôi. Mìng-âiu de̤ng buô gâe̤ng Lò̤-nguòng Gâing, Céng-ang Kṳ, Gū-làu Kṳ, Cong-sang Kṳ, Diòng-lo̤h Chê siong lìng. Nàng buô gâe̤ng Hók-chiang Chê, Īng-tái Gâing siong lièng. Sā̤ buô gâe̤ng báe̤k buô sê Mìng-chiang Gâing gâe̤ng Ku-chèng Gâing. Mìng-âiu Gâing du-liāng gâe̤ng 9 bih gâing, chê, kṳ siong lièng, sê Sek-ék diē-sié lìng-gâing dék sâ̤ gì. ===Dê-sié=== Mìng-âiu báe̤k-buô gâe̤ng sā̤-nàng buô du sê sang-kṳ, dṳng buô sê Mìng-ge̤ng làu-diô hìng siàng gì ò̤-káuk, nàng-buô Siông-ga̤ gáu Chiang-kāu hī-sioh-dâi sê Hók-ciu bàng-iòng. Gâing báe̤k Iòng-bàng gâe̤ng Duâi-hù gau-ciék gì Ngù-mō̤ Sang ô 1403 mī hī-măng gèng, sê gōng gâing dék gèng gì ôi-dó̤i ===Ò̤=== Mìng-âiu dék duâi gì ò̤ sê Mìng-ge̤ng, Mìng-ge̤ng téng gâing sa̤ gì Siēu-lioh làu diē Mìng-âiu, huàng-chiong góng gâing dṳng-buô ôi-dó̤i. Mìng-ge̤ng gah Mìng-âiu diē-sié ô 100.4 mī dòng, làu ging Siēu-lioh, Hùng-muōi, Bah-sai, Dé̤ṳk-giè, Gang-ciá, Ging-ka̤, Siong-ga̤, Nàng-sê̤ṳ, Nàng-tung, Siòng-kieng, Siông-gáng, Mìng-ge̤ng 12 bih hiong-déng. Mìng-ge̤ng gah Mìng-âiu gì cuōi-mih miêng-cék ô 81 bìng-huong gung-lī. Gâing diē-sié 17 dèu Mìng-ge̤ng cie-làu nâ kau diē gŏ̤ uâ, Mìng-ge̤ng gah Mìng-âiu gì làu-mik miêng-cék ô 1556 bìng-huong gung-lī, ciéng gōng gâing tù-dê miêng-cék gì 73%. Mìng-ge̤ng gah Ging-ka̤ Âiu-sê̤ṳ gì Guō-sang-ciu hó-gé̤ṳng gâe̤ng Nàng-dài dō̤ buong có̤ Nàng, Báe̤k lâng dèu gē̤ng. Báe̤k-gē̤ng guó Uòng-sang-liē ī-hâiu làu diē Hók-ciu Chê, iòng-dong-diè ciong Báe̤k-gē̤ng káng có̤ Mìng-ge̤ng gì ciáng-làu. Nàng-ge̤ng iâ hāu lă̤ U-lṳ̀ng-ge̤ng. Gah Nàng-tung Déng Sing-giè hó-gê̤ṳng Mìng-ge̤ng â-iù dék duâi gì cie-liù Duâi-ciong ka̤ huôi diē cà̤ làu. Dṳ̀ Mìng-ge̤ng ī nguòi, gá duâi gì ò̤ gó ô Duâi-me̤k Ka̤, Nguòng-liē Ka̤, Dâ̤-ék Ka̤, Ging Kā̤ dēng. ==Ké-hâiu== Mìng-âiu sṳk Ā-iek-dâi gié-hung ké-hâiu kṳ, Mìng-ge̤ng ge̤ng-gièng â̤ bih báe̤k buô sang-kṳ iek nék-giāng. Mìng-âiu 4 gié tieng-ké hung-biék mìng-hiēng, iòng-dong-diè Chung-gié â̤ gá dòng nék-giāng, Chiu-gié gá dō̤i. Sioh nièng dék-iek gì nik-cī gah 7 nguok hâ-sùng gáu 8 nguok siông-uāng. Gieng-dṳk nièng gô-lik nièng-dau gâe̤ng Ching-mìng sê dék-chéng gì 2 bih sì-gang. Gáu 6 nguok sì-hâiu, cêu kai-sṳ̄ dâung-huô, gōng-nièng dài-dong cī nguok dék â̤ dâung. ===Ung-dô=== Mìng-âiu gōng nèng â̤ buong có̤ 4 gié. 3~6 nguok sê Chung-gié, téng 2 nguok kī tieng-ké cêu kai-sṳ̄ huòi-lōng lāu, gáu 4 nguok ung-dô cêu â̤ dak gáu 20°C, tieng ké iâ kiū iek lāu, 6 nguok sèng-hâiu tieng-ké cêu hēng iek lāu. Téng 7 nguok kai-sṳ̄ tieng cêu iā iek lāu, gáu 8 nguok dṳng-uāng gì cī dâung sì-gang sê gōng-nièng dék-iek gì sèng-hâiu, ge̤ng-ge̤ng dék-gèng ung-dô du dioh 35°C~38°C, ô gì dê-huong â̤ chieu guó 39°C, dak gáu 40°C, 8 nguok dṳng-uāng guó hâiu, ung-dô cêu mâing mâing gáung giâ lì, ng guó dṳk-ge̤ng dék-gèng ung-dô gó sê dioh 30°C gà̤-dēng. Hâ-gié gáu 9 nguok-dā̤ cêu cha-bók-do̤ giék-sók gŏ̤ lāu, ung-dô gié-sṳk gáung giâ lì. Céng-diē 10 nguok hâiu, Chiu-gié cêu kai-sṳ̄ lāu, ciā sèng-hâiu tieng-ké cing sèu sàng, gī-hu mò̤ dâung huô, téng 11 nguok kai-sṳ̄ ung-dô kiū duâi gáung, bìng ging â̤ gáung 4.5°C. 12 nguok kai-sṳ̄ gōng gâing kai-sṳ̄ De̤ng-gié, gáu â-nièng 1 nguok dā̤ gô-lik nièng-dau sèng-hâiu ung-dô gáung gáu gōng nièng dék-dā̤ gì ôi-dé, ô sèng-hâiu â̤ gáung gáu -4°C. Mìng-âiu gōng gâing nièng-bìng-ging ung-dô dioh 15°C~19.5°C ci-gang. Dék-chéng sèng-hâiu bìng ging ung-dô gah 6°C~10.5°C ci-gang, dék-iek sèng-hâiu bìng-ging ung-dô dioh 23.6°C~29.3°C. Mìng-hâiu ung-dô â̤ gṳng-lă̤ dê-sié sing-gáung. Dék ing-dáe̤ng gì sê de̤ng-nàng buô gâe̤ng Siông-ga̤, Gang-chiá, nièng bìng ging ung-dô gah 19.5°C~20°C. Ciék lă̤ sê dṳng-buô Mìng-ge̤ng gièng, nièng bìng ging ung-dô gah 17°C~20°C ci-gang. Dék-chéng gì báe̤k buô sang-kṳ, nièng bìng ging ung-dô dioh 16°C~17°C cō̤-êu. ===Dâung-huô=== Gâe̤ng Siông-diô bī, Mìng-âiu sê Hók-gióng dék mâ̤ dâung huô gì dê-huong ci-ék, sioh nièng dâung gì ṳ̄-cuōi ô 1200~2100 hò̤-mī. Iòng-dong-diè sang-kṳ bī Mìng-ge̤ng ge̤ng-gièng â̤ dâung. Sioh nièng dài-dong, 5~6 nguok dék â̤ dâung huô, ciā sèng-hâiu dâung gì huô-cuōi iéng ciòng nièng gáung-ṳ̄-liông 30%, gó-chū sèu sèu dōng ka̤-cūi. 7 nguok gáu 8 nguok sêu gáu hāi-hung gì īng-hiōng, sèu sèu có̤ hung-tai, dâung gì huô cêng gŏ̤ duâi, ng guó nâ ô sang-sê ge̤ng cêu giék sók gŏ̤ lāu, dék-dòng mâ̤ chieu guó 1 lā̤-buái. Gó-chṳ̄ cêu nâ gōng ciā sèng hâiu gáng gì ṳ̄-liông iéng gōng nièng 36%, ng guó du mò̤ dōng ka̤-cūi. Téng 10 nguok kī cêu cing ciēu dâung huô lāu. ==Hèng-céng Kṳ-mih== [[Image:Ming-aiu.png|right|300px|Mìng-âiu Gâing Hèng-céng kṳ-mik dù]] Mìng-âiu Gâing ô 9 bih déng, 7 bih hiong, Gâing-siàng siék gah Gang-chiá déng. Déng: :1 Gang-chiá :2 Bah-sāi :3 Ging-ka̤ :4 Siông-ga̤ :5 Nàng-sê̤ṳ :6 Nàng-tung :7 Chiang-kāu :8 Siông-gáng :9 Siòng-kieng (Déng céng-hū siék gah Siông-gáng Déng) Hiong :10 Mìng-ge̤ng :11 Iòng-bàng :12 Duâi-hù :13 Iòng-liē :14 Siēu-lioh :15 Hùng-muōi :16 Dé̤ṳk-giè ==Nè̤ng-só gâe̤ng Ngṳ̄-ngiòng== Mìng-âiu ô 61 uâng nè̤ng, gī-hù du sê Háng-nè̤ng. Gâe̤ng Hók-ciu sioh iông, Mìng-âiu gōng gì ngṳ̄-ngiòng iâ sê Hók-ciu kiong gì Hók-ciu uâ. ===Nè̤ng-só=== Mìng-âiu ô 61 uâng nè̤ng, Háng-nè̤ng iéng cūng-nè̤ng-só gì 99.68%. Ciēu-só mìng-cuk nâ ô chieng-bā nè̤ng, ī Siā-cuk ôi ciō. Mìng-âiu ìng-kēu hung-buó mâ̤ bìng-hèng, iòng-dong-diè Mìng-ge̤ng ge̤ng gièng dêu gì nè̤ng bī sang kṳ ô sâ̤, de̤ng-nàng buô dêu gì nè̤ng bī sa̤ buô ô sâ̤. De̤ng nàng buô Mìng-ge̤ng Hiong sê gōng gâing ìng-kēu mik dô dék gèng gì dê huong, dak gáu 5720 nè̤ng/km. Ging-ka̤ Déng pâung Hók-ciu huong hióng gì ôi-dó̤i dèu gì nè̤ng gá sâ̤, ìng-kēu mik-dô ciék gê̤ṳng Hók-ciu Chê chê-kṳ gì cuōi bìng, ng guó Ging-ka̤ gì-ṳ̀ ôi-dói gì nè̤ng só mâ̤ sâ̤, sū ī chék-dṳ̀-báik-káu ī-hâiu, gōng déng gì ìng-kēu mik dô cêu ng sê cing gèng lāu. ===Ngṳ̄-ngiòng=== Mìng-âiu nè̤ng gōng gì sê Hók-ciu kiong gì Hók-ciu uâ. Ng chiông gì-ta Sek-ék gâing gì nè̤ng, Mìng-âiu nè̤ng nâ kui-chói gōng uâ gì uâ, Hók-ciu nè̤ng iòng-dong-diè mò̤ nèng-ài téng i gōng uâ gì kiong buong chók i sê Hók-ciu siàng-diē gĭ gó sê Mìng-âiu gĭ, gó-chṳ̄ cing-ciáng é-ngiê gà̤-dēng gì Hók-ciu uâ ng-dang-dang nâ gah Hók-ciu sāi, iâ ô gah Mìng-âiu gōng gâing sāi. Ng guó, Mìng-âiu nè̤ng gōng gì Hók-ciu uâ gâe̤ng Hók-ciu nè̤ng gōng gì Hók-ciu gó sê ô nék-dék cha biék. Gah sing-diêu siông, Mìng-âiu nè̤ng gōng gì Hók-ciu uâ diē-sié, siông-ik gah siông-sing â-sāu gì biéng huá gâe̤ng Hók-ciu nè̤ng gōng gì Hók-ciu uâ mâ̤ sioh iông. ::: Mìng-âiu gì Hók-ciu uâ mik-mā /mi˦˨ ma˧˧/ ::: Hók-ciu gì Hók-ciu uâ mik-mā /mi˧˧ ma˧˧/ Gah ông-mō̤ siông, Hók-ciu gì Hók-ciu uâ diē-sié /œ/, /ɛu/ ī ging mò̤ gâe̤ng ké̤ṳ-sing siong ping lāu, dáng Mìng-âiu gì Hók-ciu uâ diē-sié gó bō̤-làu cī lâng bih ông. ::: Mìng-âiu gì Hók-ciu uâ sṳ̀ng-chéu /syŋ˨˩ ɳɛu˨˩˧/ bék-cáe̤ /pitˀ˥ tsʰœ˨˩˧/ ::: Hók-ciu gì Hók-ciu uâ sṳ̀ng-chéu /syŋ˨˩ ɳiu˨˩˧/ bék-cáe̤ /pitˀ˥ tsʰɔ˨˩˧/ {{Mìng-dṳ̆ng sĕk ék}} [[Category:Siàng-chê]] [[Category:Mìng-cṳ̆]] [[zh:閩侯縣]] 480 3421 2006-11-05T10:55:55Z GnuDoyng 13 '''Kuóh-dà̤''' ("曲蹄", hĕ̤k siā có̤ '''Kuŏ-dà̤''' "科题"), iâ hô̤ lō̤ '''Kuóh-dà̤-giāng''' (曲蹄囝), sê [[Hók-ciŭ]] gì siŏh ciĕ mìng-hiê, sĕng-uăk diŏh [[Mìng-gĕ̤ng]] siông tō̤ [[ngṳ̀]]. "Kuóh-dà̤-giāng" sê lṳ̆k-dê siông gì [[Háng-ìng]] ā̤-huá ĭ-cà̤ sū kī gì miàng. ==Kī-nguòng== Siŏng-diòng [[Nguòng-dièu]] sèng-hâiu, ô [[Mūng-gū]] nè̤ng lì Hók-ciŭ lì dêu. Nguòng-dièu miĕk-uòng sì-hâiu, Háng-ìng cêu hióng cī piĕ Mūng-gū nè̤ng bó̤-siù. Cī piĕ Mūng-gū nè̤ng ôi lāu dò̤-biê Háng-ìng, dŭ cāu gáu Mìng-gĕ̤ng siông, biéng có̤ tō̤-ngṳ̀-gi (ngṳ̀-mìng). Dáng cī piĕ tō̤-ngṳ̀-gi dô̤-dā̤ sê-ng-sê cĭng gìng Mūng-gū nè̤ng mì làu dék, gó ô căng-ngiê. [[Category:Mìng-cṳ̆]] [[en:Tanka (ethnic group)]] [[ja:蛋民]] [[zh:蜑家]] [[zh-yue:蜑家]] 482 1572 2006-10-17T09:20:38Z 202.109.211.200 Dṳ̀ng-sĭng dêng-hióng gáu [[Mìng-âiu]] #REDIRECT [[Mìng-âiu]] 483 1584 2006-10-18T11:49:21Z GnuDoyng 13 Diōng kó̤ $1. 484 1585 2006-10-18T11:52:17Z GnuDoyng 13 Siŭ-gāi 485 1586 2006-10-18T11:55:52Z GnuDoyng 13 Iè-dông 486 1587 2006-10-18T11:56:06Z GnuDoyng 13 Mūi hiăh huōng-ông-liông: 487 1588 2006-10-18T11:57:56Z GnuDoyng 13 (găk sĭng chŏng-tā̤ tāu kŭi) 488 1590 2006-10-18T12:28:18Z GnuDoyng 13 Sĭng ê̤ṳng-hô-miàng: 489 1591 2006-10-18T12:28:57Z GnuDoyng 13 Hiêng-sì-câi gì ê̤ṳng-hô-miàng: 490 1592 2006-10-18T12:48:03Z GnuDoyng 13 Ùng-giông dăng-dăng 491 1593 2006-10-18T12:48:22Z GnuDoyng 13 Ê̤ṳng-hô 492 1594 2006-10-18T12:48:36Z GnuDoyng 13 Kó̤! 493 1595 2006-10-18T12:48:52Z GnuDoyng 13 Séng-sék 494 1596 2006-10-18T12:49:01Z GnuDoyng 13 Nguòng-ĭng 495 1597 2006-10-18T12:49:08Z GnuDoyng 13 gì-tă 496 1598 2006-10-18T12:49:27Z GnuDoyng 13 Gì-tă sì-găng 497 1599 2006-10-18T12:57:26Z GnuDoyng 13 Tiéu gáu: 498 1602 2006-10-18T15:38:43Z GnuDoyng 13 "$1" ī-gĭng ké̤ṳk tài sī lāu. Cī-bŏng tài hiăh gì gé-liŏh dŭ gé diŏh $2. 499 1603 2006-10-18T15:40:44Z GnuDoyng 13 Gīng-gó̤: Cī miêng hiăh găk nṳ̄ kī-chiū siŭ-gāi cĭ hâiu ké̤ṳk tài sī lāu! 500 1604 2006-10-18T15:42:10Z GnuDoyng 13 Káuk-nêng nṳ̄ gì diêng-piĕ dê-cī 501 1605 2006-10-18T15:42:29Z GnuDoyng 13 Gié 502 1606 2006-10-18T15:47:08Z GnuDoyng 13 Hŭng-sō̤ ciā ê̤ṳng-hô 503 1607 2006-10-18T15:47:26Z GnuDoyng 13 Gāi-hŭng ciā dê-cī 504 3887 2006-11-26T06:24:17Z GnuDoyng 13 [[Image:Wikipedia-logo.png|thumb|200px|Wikipedia gì dù-biĕu.|right]] '''Wikipedia''' sê 1 buô [[uōng-diô]] [[báik-kuŏ-ciòng-cṳ̆]], găk 2001 nièng 1 nguŏk 15 hô̤ sìng-lĭk. Ĭ gì mŭk-dék sê gióng-lĭk 1 buô uòng-ciòng cê̤ṳ-iù, miēng-hié, dŏ̤-ngṳ̄ gì báik-kuŏ-ciòng-cṳ̆. Wikipedia ôi cêng sâ̤ nè̤ng tì-gṳ̆ng dĭ-sék gâe̤ng chăng-kō̤ cṳ̆-lâu. Ĭ gâe̤ng ék-buăng gì báik-kuŏ-ciòng-cṳ̆ có̤i duâi gì chă-biék cêu sê ciòng sié-gái giĕng-dṳ̆k nè̤ng dŭ â̤-sāi lì Wikipedia piĕng-siā, siŭ-gāi, tō̤-lâung ùng-ciŏng, gó-chṳ̄ ĭ gì cṳ̆-nguòng sê dék hŭng-hô gì. Wikipedia ciō [[hŭk-ô-ké]] diŏh [[Mī-guók]], bê-ê̤ṳng gì hŭk-ô-ké diŏh [[Hò̤-làng]] gâe̤ng [[Hàng-guók]]. ==Bàng-uâ Wikipedia== '''[[Bàng-uâ]] Wikipedia''' sê sāi [[Hók-ciŭ-uâ]] [[Bàng-uâ-cê]] siā gì Wikipedia bēng-buōng. Ĭ diŏh 2006 nièng 9 nguŏk 30 hô̤ sìng-lĭk, gáu hiêng-câi tūng-biáng ô {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}} piĕng dèu-mĕ̤k. ==Chăng-kō̤== * [[Wikimedia]] * [[Wiki]] * [[GNU Cê̤ṳ-iù Ùng-giông Hṳ̄-kō̤-cṳ̆]] ==Nguôi-buô lièng-giék== * [http://www.wikipedia.org Wikipedia ciō câng] [[Category:Wikipedia]] [[af:Wikipedia]] [[als:Wikipedia]] [[am:ዊኪፔድያ]] [[an:Biquipedia]] [[ang:Wicipǣdia]] [[ar:ويكيبيديا]] [[ast:Uiquipedia]] [[ay:Wikipedia]] [[bat-smg:Vikipedėjė]] [[be:Вікіпэдыя]] [[bg:Уикипедия]] [[bm:Wikipedia]] [[bn:উইকিপিডিয়া]] [[br:Wikipedia]] [[bs:Wikipedia]] [[ca:Viquipèdia]] [[ceb:Wikipedya]] [[chr:ᏫᎩᏇᏗᏯ]] [[chy:Wikipedia]] [[co:Wikipedia]] [[cr:ᐎᑭᐱᑎᔭ]] [[cs:Wikipedie]] [[csb:Wikipedijô]] [[cv:Википеди]] [[cy:Wicipedia]] [[da:Wikipedia]] [[de:Wikipedia]] [[diq:Wikipedia]] [[dv:ވިކިޕީޑިއާ]] [[el:Βικιπαίδεια]] [[en:Wikipedia]] [[eo:Vikipedio]] [[es:Wikipedia]] [[et:Vikipeedia]] [[eu:Wikipedia]] [[fa:ویکی‌پدیا]] [[fi:Wikipedia]] [[fiu-vro:Vikipeediä]] [[fj:Wikipedia]] [[fo:Wikipedia]] [[fr:Wikipédia]] [[frp:Vuiquipèdia]] [[fur:Vichipedie]] [[fy:Wikipedy]] [[ga:Vicipéid]] [[gd:Wikipedia]] [[gl:Wikipedia]] [[gu:વિકિપીડિયા]] [[gv:Wikipedia]] [[he:ויקיפדיה]] [[hi:विकिपीडिया]] [[hr:Wikipedija]] [[hsb:Wikipedija]] [[ht:Wikipedia]] [[hu:Wikipédia]] [[hy:Վիքիփեդիա]] [[ia:Wikipedia]] [[id:Wikipedia]] [[ilo:Wikipedia]] [[io:Wikipedio]] [[is:Wikipedia]] [[it:Wikipedia]] [[ja:ウィキペディア]] [[jbo:uikipedias]] [[jv:Wikipedia]] [[ka:ვიკიპედია]] [[kk:Уикипедия]] [[kl:Wikipedia]] [[kn:ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ]] [[ko:위키백과]] [[ksh:Wikkipedija]] [[ku:Wikipedia]] [[kw:Wikipedia]] [[la:Vicipaedia]] [[lad:ויקיפידיה]] [[lb:Wikipedia]] [[li:Wikipedia]] [[lmo:Wikipedia]] [[ln:Wikipedia]] [[lt:Vikipedija]] [[lv:Vikipēdija]] [[mg:Wikipedia]] [[mi:Wikipedia]] [[mk:Википедија]] [[ml:വിക്കിപീഡിയ]] [[mo:Википедия]] [[mr:विकिपिडीया]] [[ms:Wikipedia]] [[mt:Wikipedija]] [[na:Wikipedia]] [[nah:Huiquipedia]] [[nds:Wikipedia]] [[nds-nl:Wikipedia]] [[ng:Wikipedia]] [[nl:Wikipedia]] [[nn:Wikipedia]] [[no:Wikipedia]] [[nrm:Viqùipédie]] [[oc:Wikipèdia]] [[os:Википеди]] [[pap:Wikipedia]] [[pl:Wikipedia]] [[pt:Wikipédia]] [[qu:Wikipidiya]] [[rmy:Vikipidiya]] [[ro:Wikipedia]] [[roa-rup:Wikipedia]] [[ru:Википедия]] [[sc:Wikipedia]] [[scn:Wikipedia]] [[sco:Wikipaedia]] [[sh:Wikipedia]] [[si:විකිපීඩියා]] [[simple:Wikipedia]] [[sk:Wikipédia]] [[sl:Wikipedija]] [[so:Wikipedia]] [[sq:Wikipedia]] [[sr:Википедија]] [[su:Wikipédia]] [[sv:Wikipedia]] [[sw:Wikipedia]] [[ta:விக்கிபீடியா]] [[tg:Википедиа]] [[th:วิกิพีเดีย]] [[tl:Wikipedia]] [[tpi:Wikipedia]] [[tr:Vikipedi]] [[tt:Wikipedia]] [[uk:Вікіпедія]] [[uz:Vikipediya]] [[vec:Wikipedia]] [[vi:Wikipedia]] [[wa:Wikipedia]] [[war:Wikipedia]] [[zh:维基百科]] [[zh-min-nan:Wikipedia]] [[zh-yue:維基百科]] 505 1612 2006-10-19T04:40:11Z GnuDoyng 13 '''Wikipedia''' gái-siêu gâe̤ng [[Wikipedia]], [[Wikimedia]] ô-guăng gì nó̤h. [[zh-min-nan:Category:Wikipedia]] 506 1823 2006-10-21T08:30:34Z GnuDoyng 13 Káung kī 508 1615 2006-10-19T12:18:13Z GnuDoyng 13 Ê̤ṳng-hô láuk-chók 509 1616 2006-10-19T12:21:17Z GnuDoyng 13 $1 mò̤-miàng ê̤ṳng-hô 510 1617 2006-10-19T12:21:37Z GnuDoyng 13 $1 gĭ-ké-nè̤ng 511 1618 2006-10-19T12:21:53Z GnuDoyng 13 $1 láuk-diē ê̤ṳng-hô 512 1619 2006-10-19T12:22:07Z GnuDoyng 13 $1 nguāi gì siŭ-gāi 513 1620 2006-10-19T12:22:24Z GnuDoyng 13 $1 guó-éu siŭ-gāi 514 2941 2006-10-27T13:18:14Z GnuDoyng 13 káung 515 1622 2006-10-19T12:28:31Z GnuDoyng 13 Gáng-sê-dăng 516 1623 2006-10-19T12:28:44Z GnuDoyng 13 Hiēng-sê 517 1624 2006-10-19T12:31:55Z GnuDoyng 13 Hiēng-sê iù $1 kăi-sṳ̄ gì sĭng gāi-biéng 518 3927 2006-11-30T12:28:28Z GnuDoyng 13 Â-dā̤ sê <strong>$2</strong> gĕ̤ng ī-nô̤i (hiêng-câi sê $3) dék sĭng gì <strong>$1</strong> hâung gāi-biéng. 519 3924 2006-11-30T12:28:10Z GnuDoyng 13 Hiēng-sê $2 gĕ̤ng ī-nô̤i dék sĭng gì $1 hâung gāi-biéng<br />$3 520 1628 2006-10-19T12:57:47Z GnuDoyng 13 Dōi hiăh 521 1629 2006-10-19T12:57:54Z GnuDoyng 13 Diòng hiăh 522 1631 2006-10-19T13:07:11Z GnuDoyng 13 Nĭk-cé 523 1632 2006-10-19T13:09:06Z GnuDoyng 13 siông-diòng nĭk-cé 524 1633 2006-10-19T13:10:40Z GnuDoyng 13 Siông-diòng nĭk-cé 525 1634 2006-10-19T13:10:51Z GnuDoyng 13 Mò̤ láuk-diē 526 1635 2006-10-19T13:11:46Z GnuDoyng 13 Sĕng [[Special:Userlogin|láuk-diē]] ciáh â̤-sāi siông-diòng ùng-giông. 527 1636 2006-10-19T13:15:33Z GnuDoyng 13 Â-dā̤ sê gé-liŏh cī-bŏng ùng-giông siông-diòng gì dăng-dăng. 528 1637 2006-10-19T13:16:05Z GnuDoyng 13 Siông-diòng ciā ùng-giông gì sĭng bēng-buōng 529 1638 2006-10-19T13:16:28Z GnuDoyng 13 Siông-diòng gīng-gó̤ 530 1639 2006-10-19T13:19:57Z GnuDoyng 13 Puòi-hŭ 531 1640 2006-10-19T13:20:11Z GnuDoyng 13 {{SITENAME}} só-gé̤ṳ 532 1641 2006-10-19T13:20:54Z GnuDoyng 13 Wikimedia wiki gì dăng-dăng 533 1642 2006-10-19T13:23:56Z GnuDoyng 13 Ciáh lì gì 534 3925 2006-11-30T12:28:17Z GnuDoyng 13 Gă sĭng gì $1 hâung 535 1644 2006-10-19T13:24:34Z GnuDoyng 13 Dék sĭng gì 536 3926 2006-11-30T12:28:21Z GnuDoyng 13 Gă gô gì $1 hâung 537 1646 2006-10-19T13:24:58Z GnuDoyng 13 Dék gô gì 538 1648 2006-10-19T13:37:06Z GnuDoyng 13 Cī-lùng wiki sìng-tō̤ gŭng-nèng ô nék-giāng ông-dà̤. Cuòi kō̤-nèng sê hàng-mò̤-siŏh-sì gì; chiāng nṳ̄ dīng nék-gū gái ché, hĕ̤k-ciā sāi-ê̤ṳng nguôi-buô gì sìng-tō̤ hŭk-ô: 539 1649 2006-10-19T13:40:20Z GnuDoyng 13 Kó̤ 540 2953 2006-10-28T00:47:28Z Dcljr 31 typo: cbo -> cdo [[Category:User cdo]] 541 1651 2006-10-19T14:43:05Z 61.248.143.148 [[Category:User zh]] 542 1652 2006-10-19T14:43:33Z 61.248.143.148 [[Category:User fr]] 543 1653 2006-10-19T14:44:01Z 61.248.143.148 [[Category:User en]] 544 1654 2006-10-19T14:44:31Z 61.248.143.148 [[Category:User de]] 545 1655 2006-10-19T14:44:53Z 61.248.143.148 [[Category:User nan]] 547 1657 2006-10-20T13:11:42Z GnuDoyng 13 Īng-ê̤ṳng 548 1658 2006-10-20T13:15:59Z GnuDoyng 13 tài 549 1659 2006-10-20T13:16:10Z GnuDoyng 13 Tài hiăh 550 1660 2006-10-20T13:16:25Z GnuDoyng 13 Tài ciā hiăh 551 1661 2006-10-20T13:16:59Z GnuDoyng 13 tài hiăh nĭk-cé 552 1662 2006-10-20T13:17:10Z GnuDoyng 13 Tài hiăh nĭk-cé 553 1663 2006-10-20T13:19:02Z GnuDoyng 13 Â-dā̤ sê gé-liŏh cī-bŏng tài hiăh gì dăng-dăng. 554 1664 2006-10-20T13:19:32Z GnuDoyng 13 Diêng-piĕ huák chók lāu 555 1665 2006-10-20T13:19:41Z GnuDoyng 13 Ciō-dà̤ 556 1756 2006-10-20T23:44:43Z GnuDoyng 13 Nṳ̄ gì diêng-piĕ siĕu-sék ī-gĭng gié chók lāu. 557 1667 2006-10-20T13:24:19Z GnuDoyng 13 Káng tài sī gì hiăh 558 1668 2006-10-20T13:24:48Z GnuDoyng 13 Káng tō̤-lâung 559 1669 2006-10-20T13:25:13Z GnuDoyng 13 Káng bŏng-cô hiăh 560 1670 2006-10-20T13:26:09Z GnuDoyng 13 Nguôi-hô̤: 561 1671 2006-10-20T13:29:32Z GnuDoyng 13 Siék-dêng 562 1672 2006-10-20T13:33:13Z GnuDoyng 13 Mò̤ cê̤ṳ-dông lièng-giék gì chiĕng-miàng 563 1673 2006-10-20T13:44:51Z GnuDoyng 13 Hâ-diòng gŏ̤ uâ-cék bēng-buōng ($1x$2, $3 KB) 564 1674 2006-10-20T13:47:37Z GnuDoyng 13 Ciā ùng-giông ô bêng-dŭk! Sá̤-ciék: $1 565 1676 2006-10-20T13:50:19Z GnuDoyng 13 gáung 566 1677 2006-10-20T13:50:33Z GnuDoyng 13 sĭng 567 1678 2006-10-20T13:52:00Z GnuDoyng 13 Gié diêng-piĕ ké̤ṳk ĭ 568 1679 2006-10-20T13:55:29Z GnuDoyng 13 Dṳ̀ng-sĭng siék-dêng 569 1680 2006-10-20T13:55:37Z GnuDoyng 13 Bō̤-còng 570 1681 2006-10-20T13:55:51Z GnuDoyng 13 Bō̤-còng ùng-giông 571 1682 2006-10-20T13:56:32Z GnuDoyng 13 Nṳ̄ gì siék-dêng ī-gĭng ké̤ṳk bō̤-còng hō̤ lāu. 572 1683 2006-10-20T13:59:14Z GnuDoyng 13 Bō̤-còng nṳ̄ gì gāi-biéng [alt-s] 573 1684 2006-10-20T14:00:00Z GnuDoyng 13 Dṳ̀ng-sĭng páh diē mĭk-mā 574 1685 2006-10-20T14:00:07Z GnuDoyng 13 Cĭng miàng *: 575 1686 2006-10-20T14:00:39Z GnuDoyng 13 Káuk-nêng sĭng mĭk-mā: 576 1687 2006-10-20T14:00:53Z GnuDoyng 13 Dṳ̀ng-sĭng siông-diòng 577 1688 2006-10-20T14:02:25Z GnuDoyng 13 Giéu cī gá diêng-nō̤ gé diâng nguāi gì dióng-hô̤ gâe̤ng mĭk-mā 578 1689 2006-10-20T14:05:58Z GnuDoyng 13 Sìng-tō̤ {{SITENAME}} [alt-f] 579 1690 2006-10-20T14:06:04Z GnuDoyng 13 B1 580 1691 2006-10-20T14:06:29Z GnuDoyng 13 Gáing sâ̤... 581 1692 2006-10-20T14:06:35Z GnuDoyng 13 B2 582 1715 2006-10-20T14:26:36Z GnuDoyng 13 Buái ék 583 1716 2006-10-20T14:26:41Z GnuDoyng 13 Buái nê 584 1695 2006-10-20T14:07:01Z GnuDoyng 13 B3 585 1717 2006-10-20T14:26:47Z GnuDoyng 13 Buái săng 586 1718 2006-10-20T14:26:56Z GnuDoyng 13 Buái sé 587 1698 2006-10-20T14:09:12Z GnuDoyng 13 B4 588 1699 2006-10-20T14:09:18Z GnuDoyng 13 B5 589 1719 2006-10-20T14:26:58Z GnuDoyng 13 Buái ngô 590 1701 2006-10-20T14:10:27Z GnuDoyng 13 B6 591 1702 2006-10-20T14:11:01Z GnuDoyng 13 LB 592 1703 2006-10-20T14:11:19Z GnuDoyng 13 Lā̤-buái 593 1720 2006-10-20T14:27:05Z GnuDoyng 13 Buái lĕ̤k 594 1705 2006-10-20T14:13:33Z GnuDoyng 13 Mò̤ giék-guō 595 1706 2006-10-20T14:13:56Z GnuDoyng 13 Kó̤ 596 1707 2006-10-20T14:19:09Z GnuDoyng 13 Sì-kṳ̆ 597 1708 2006-10-20T14:19:12Z GnuDoyng 13 Sì-chă¹ 598 1709 2006-10-20T14:21:25Z GnuDoyng 13 Hŭk-ô-ké sì-găng 599 1770 2006-10-20T23:59:55Z GnuDoyng 13 Gāu nguŏk 600 1711 2006-10-20T14:21:50Z GnuDoyng 13 Nṳ̄ buōng-dê sì-găng gâe̤ng hŭk-ô-ké sì-găng (UTC) siŏng-chă gì dēng-cṳ̆ng. 601 1712 2006-10-20T14:23:04Z GnuDoyng 13 Nĭk-gĭ gáh-sék 602 1713 2006-10-20T14:23:20Z GnuDoyng 13 Nĭk-gĭ gâe̤ng sì-găng 603 1714 2006-10-20T14:23:58Z GnuDoyng 13 Mò̤ siék-dêng 604 1721 2006-10-20T14:27:54Z GnuDoyng 13 Ê̤ṳng-hô ID: 605 1722 2006-10-20T14:29:56Z GnuDoyng 13 Cī-bŏng gì gāi-biéng 606 1834 2006-10-21T10:20:15Z GnuDoyng 13 Siŭ-gāi 607 1724 2006-10-20T14:38:35Z GnuDoyng 13 Chŭ-tā̤ ùng-cê 608 1725 2006-10-20T14:38:44Z GnuDoyng 13 Chŭ-tā̤ ùng-cê 609 1726 2006-10-20T14:41:06Z GnuDoyng 13 Ê̤ṳng-hô cṳ̆-lâu 610 1727 2006-10-20T14:42:36Z GnuDoyng 13 Project:Ṳ̄ng-sṳ̆ céng-cháik 611 1728 2006-10-20T14:43:03Z GnuDoyng 13 Gì-tă 612 1729 2006-10-20T14:44:14Z GnuDoyng 13 Só-hŏk 613 1730 2006-10-20T14:46:13Z GnuDoyng 13 Siông-diòng ùng-giông 614 1731 2006-10-20T14:46:23Z GnuDoyng 13 Ùng-giông 615 1732 2006-10-20T14:46:32Z GnuDoyng 13 Lài-nguòng 616 1733 2006-10-20T14:47:59Z GnuDoyng 13 Kó̤ 617 1734 2006-10-20T14:48:40Z GnuDoyng 13 Ī-gĭng ô dióng-hô lāu? $1. 618 1735 2006-10-20T14:49:52Z GnuDoyng 13 Guăng-lièu 619 1736 2006-10-20T14:50:10Z GnuDoyng 13 Guăng-lièu-cū 620 1737 2006-10-20T14:50:38Z GnuDoyng 13 Cū: 621 1738 2006-10-20T14:51:21Z GnuDoyng 13 Guāng-lī-uòng 622 1739 2006-10-20T14:51:27Z GnuDoyng 13 Guāng-lī-uòng 623 1740 2006-10-20T14:52:27Z GnuDoyng 13 Gĭ-ké-nè̤ng 624 1741 2006-10-20T14:52:28Z GnuDoyng 13 Gĭ-ké-nè̤ng 625 1742 2006-10-20T14:54:27Z GnuDoyng 13 Ê̤ṳng-hô cū 626 1743 2006-10-20T14:54:42Z GnuDoyng 13 Biĕu-dà̤ ùng-cê 627 1744 2006-10-20T14:54:58Z GnuDoyng 13 Dâ̤ 2 cèng biĕu-dà̤ 628 1745 2006-10-20T23:14:22Z GnuDoyng 13 $1 gì 629 1746 2006-10-20T23:14:34Z GnuDoyng 13 $1 gì 630 1747 2006-10-20T23:31:19Z GnuDoyng 13 Káung kī gáng-sê-dăng gà̤-dēng gì gĭ-ké-nè̤ng siŭ-gāi 631 1748 2006-10-20T23:37:02Z GnuDoyng 13 Káung kī gáng-sê-dăng gà̤-dēng nguāi cê-gă gì siŭ-gāi 632 1749 2006-10-20T23:37:35Z GnuDoyng 13 Gă-tiĕng nguāi kŭi gì hiăh gáu nguāi gì gáng-sê-dăng 633 1750 2006-10-20T23:37:55Z GnuDoyng 13 Gă-tiĕng nguāi siŭ-gāi gì hiăh gáu nguāi gì gáng-sê-dăng 634 1751 2006-10-20T23:40:06Z GnuDoyng 13 Hiēng-sê có̤i hâiu $1 dēng-cṳ̆ng $2 gĕ̤ng $3 635 1757 2006-10-20T23:45:53Z GnuDoyng 13 Káng hŭng-lôi hiăh 636 1758 2006-10-20T23:46:02Z GnuDoyng 13 Káng siĕu-sék hiăh 637 1759 2006-10-20T23:49:16Z GnuDoyng 13 Sĕng $1 ciáh â̤-sāi káng gì-tă hiăh-miêng. 638 1760 2006-10-20T23:50:13Z GnuDoyng 13 Ngṳ̄-ngiòng: $1 639 1761 2006-10-20T23:50:35Z GnuDoyng 13 Ê̤ṳng-hô láuk-diē 640 1762 2006-10-20T23:52:18Z GnuDoyng 13 <b>Nṳ̄ láuk-diē chók ông-dà̤ lāu.</b><br />Gái ché siŏh â! 641 1763 2006-10-20T23:55:39Z GnuDoyng 13 Niông 1 ciáh ê̤ṳng-hô có̤ guāng-lī-uòng 642 1764 2006-10-20T23:55:54Z GnuDoyng 13 Bìng-lâung: 643 1765 2006-10-20T23:56:38Z GnuDoyng 13 Ciā ê̤ṳng-hô gì miàng: 644 1766 2006-10-20T23:57:34Z GnuDoyng 13 <b>Ê̤ṳng-hô "$1" hiêng-câi sê guāng-lī-uòng lāu</b> 645 1767 2006-10-20T23:58:25Z GnuDoyng 13 Niông cī ciáh ê̤ṳng-hô có̤ guāng-lī-uòng 646 1768 2006-10-20T23:58:36Z GnuDoyng 13 Niông 1 ciáh ê̤ṳng-hô có̤ guāng-lī-uòng 647 1769 2006-10-20T23:59:37Z GnuDoyng 13 Ngô nguŏk 648 1771 2006-10-21T00:01:16Z GnuDoyng 13 tāu 649 1772 2006-10-21T00:02:41Z GnuDoyng 13 ($1 gĭ-ké-nè̤ng) 650 1775 2006-10-21T00:04:32Z GnuDoyng 13 Có̤i cā 651 1774 2006-10-21T00:04:25Z GnuDoyng 13 Có̤i dì 652 3372 2006-11-03T11:28:14Z GnuDoyng 13 * Sié-gái ciō-iéu nguôi-ngṳ̄:<br/>[[:ar:|العربيّة (Ă-lă-báik-ngṳ̄)]] - [[:de:|Deutsch (Dáik-ngṳ̄)]] - [[:en:|English (Ĭng-ngṳ̄)]] - [[:eo:|Esperanto (Sié-gái-ngṳ̄)]] - [[:es:|Español (Să̤-băng-ngà-ngṳ̄)]] - [[:fi:|Suomi (Hŭng-làng-ngṳ̄)]] - [[:fr:|Français (Huák-ngṳ̄)]] - [[:he:|עברית (Hĭ-báik-lài-ngṳ̄)]] - [[:id:|Bahasa Indonesia (Éng-nà̤-ngṳ̄)]] - [[:it:|Italiano (É-dâi-lê-ngṳ̄)]] - [[:ja:|日本語 (Nĭk-ngṳ̄)]] - [[:ko:|한국어 (Dièu-siēng-ngṳ̄)]] - [[:la:|Latina (Lá-dĭng-ngṳ̄)]] - [[:ms:|Bahasa Melayu (Mā-lài-ngṳ̄)]] - [[:nl:|Nederlands (Hò̤-làng-ngṳ̄)]] - [[:pl:|Polski (Pŏ̤-làng-ngṳ̄)]] - [[:pt:|Português (Buò-dò̤-ngà-ngṳ̄)]] - [[:ru:|Русский (Ngò̤-ngṳ̄)]] - [[:sv:|Svenska (Sôi-diēng-ngū)]] - [[:th:|ไทย (Tái-ngṳ̄)]] - [[:vi:|Tiếng Việt (Uŏk-nàng-ngṳ̄)]] * Hiăng-diê Háng-ngṳ̄:<br/>'''Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄''' - [[:zh-min-nan:|Bân-lâm-gú (Mìng-nàng-uâ)]] - [[:wuu:|吳語 (Ngù-ngṳ̄)]] - [[:zh-yue:|粵語 (Guōng-dĕ̤ng-uâ)]] - [[:zh:|中文 (Guók-ngṳ̄)]] - [[:zh-classical:|文言文 (Ùng-ngiòng-ùng)]] * Dṳ̆ng-guók gì-tă ngṳ̄-ngiòng:<br/>[[:bo:|བོད་ཡིག (Câung-ngṳ̄)]] - [[:ii:|ꆇꉙ (Ì-ngṳ̄)]] - [[:kk:|Қазақ тілі‎ (Hă-sák-káik-ngṳ̄)]] - [[:ky:|кыргыз тили (Gék-ī-gék-sṳ̆-ngṳ̄)]] - [[:mn:|Монгол хэл (Mùng-gū-ngṳ̄)]] - [[:tt:|Tatarça (Ták-ták-ī-ngṳ̄)]] - [[:ug:|ئۇيغۇرچه (Mì-ngù-ī-ngṳ̄)]] - [[:uz:|أۇزبېك (Ŭ-cṳ̆-biék-káik-ngṳ̄)]] - [[:xal:|Калмука хэлэн (Kā-ī-muòi-káik-ngṳ̄)]] - [[:za:|Sawcuengh (Cáung-ngṳ̄)]] 653 1782 2006-10-21T04:39:51Z GnuDoyng 13 Hŭng-lôi 654 1783 2006-10-21T04:40:36Z GnuDoyng 13 Mò̤ tō̤ diŏh lôi-biék <i>$1</i> 655 1784 2006-10-21T04:40:51Z GnuDoyng 13 Hiăh-miêng: 656 1785 2006-10-21T07:36:52Z GnuDoyng 13 Dù lâi gáng-sê-dăng 657 1787 2006-10-21T07:41:38Z GnuDoyng 13 Káuk-nêng bō̤-hô 658 1788 2006-10-21T07:43:59Z GnuDoyng 13 Nṳ̄ dŏng-cĭng buóh bō̤-hô ciā hiăh? 659 1789 2006-10-21T07:46:07Z GnuDoyng 13 Tài sī bêng-chiā iè-dông 660 1790 2006-10-21T07:48:16Z GnuDoyng 13 Siŭ-gāi Ê̤ṳng-hô Cū 661 1791 2006-10-21T07:48:33Z GnuDoyng 13 Siĕu-sék 662 1792 2006-10-21T07:48:45Z GnuDoyng 13 mò̤ còng-câi 663 1793 2006-10-21T07:52:11Z GnuDoyng 13 Nê nguŏk 664 1794 2006-10-21T07:54:17Z GnuDoyng 13 Cê̤ṳ-hăk: 665 1864 2006-10-24T10:12:28Z GnuDoyng 13 Cūng-giék 666 1796 2006-10-21T07:56:10Z GnuDoyng 13 Ùng-giông-miàng 667 1797 2006-10-21T07:56:12Z GnuDoyng 13 Ùng-giông: 668 1798 2006-10-21T08:01:37Z GnuDoyng 13 sèng 1 huòi gāi-biéng 669 1799 2006-10-21T08:03:28Z GnuDoyng 13 ciáh lì gì 670 1800 2006-10-21T08:04:27Z GnuDoyng 13 Sĭng hiăh-miêng 671 1801 2006-10-21T08:08:09Z GnuDoyng 13 â 672 3920 2006-11-30T12:27:49Z GnuDoyng 13  1 hâung chă-biék → 673 3921 2006-11-30T12:27:54Z GnuDoyng 13 â $1 hâung 674 1804 2006-10-21T08:10:31Z GnuDoyng 13  1 hiăh ($1) 675 1805 2006-10-21T08:11:50Z GnuDoyng 13 Gă sĭng gì bēng-buōng→ 676 3367 2006-11-03T11:19:53Z GnuDoyng 13 $1 ciáh lièng-giék 677 3065 2006-10-30T10:19:40Z GnuDoyng 13 $1 ciáh sìng-uòng 678 1810 2006-10-21T08:17:28Z GnuDoyng 13 Ê̤ṳng-hô: 679 1811 2006-10-21T08:17:49Z GnuDoyng 13 Dà̤-mĕ̤k: 680 1814 2006-10-21T08:20:50Z GnuDoyng 13 tài 681 1815 2006-10-21T08:20:59Z GnuDoyng 13 ùng-giông 682 1816 2006-10-21T08:25:10Z GnuDoyng 13 Nô̤i-buô lièng-giék 683 1817 2006-10-21T08:25:20Z GnuDoyng 13 Lièng-giék biĕu-dà̤ 684 3386 2006-11-04T04:55:29Z GnuDoyng 13 Ciáng-sê, ló̤h kī ciā só-gé̤ṳ-kó. 685 3385 2006-11-04T04:55:14Z GnuDoyng 13 Ló̤h kī̤ só-gé̤ṳ-kó 686 3387 2006-11-04T04:55:49Z GnuDoyng 13 Só-gé̤ṳ-kó ló̤h hō̤ lāu 687 1821 2006-10-21T08:29:01Z GnuDoyng 13 Liê.ogg 688 1822 2006-10-21T08:29:20Z GnuDoyng 13 Mùi-tā̤ ùng-giông lièng-giék 689 1824 2006-10-21T08:30:44Z GnuDoyng 13 Káung kī giék-guō 690 1825 2006-10-21T08:32:20Z GnuDoyng 13 Gă-tiĕng ciā hiăh gáu nṳ̄ gì gáng-sê-hiăh [alt-w] 691 1826 2006-10-21T08:34:40Z GnuDoyng 13 Gāi-hŭng ê̤ṳng-hô 692 1827 2006-10-21T08:35:07Z GnuDoyng 13 [[User:$1|$1]] ī-gĭng ké̤ṳk gāi-hŭng lāu 693 1828 2006-10-21T08:35:12Z GnuDoyng 13 gāi-hŭng 694 1829 2006-10-21T08:39:56Z GnuDoyng 13 Kŭi só-gé̤ṳ-kó 695 1830 2006-10-21T08:43:33Z GnuDoyng 13 Nguôi-buô lièng-giék (gé lā̤ http:// sṳ̀-tàu) 696 1831 2006-10-21T10:17:08Z GnuDoyng 13 Áik cŭ-uái 697 1832 2006-10-21T10:19:07Z GnuDoyng 13 $1 gì bēng-buōng 698 1835 2006-10-21T10:21:30Z GnuDoyng 13 Ké̤ṳk tài sī gì $1 bēng-buōng 699 1836 2006-10-21T10:22:17Z GnuDoyng 13 gì-tă lièng-giék 700 1837 2006-10-21T10:23:02Z GnuDoyng 13 Mò̤ gáng-sê gì hiăh-miêng 701 1838 2006-10-21T10:24:14Z GnuDoyng 13 Siông-diòng ùng-giông 702 3931 2006-12-01T17:10:05Z 65.59.219.179 /* Nĭk-tàu gâe̤ng sìng-uâ */ [[Image:Soleil (2).JPG|thumb|200px|Nĭk-tàu|right]] '''Nĭk-tàu''' (日頭, hĕ̤k '''Tái-iòng''', 太陽) sê [[tái-iòng-hiê]] gì 1 lăk [[diâng-sĭng]], dâe̤ng-liông sê gó̤-lòng tái-iòng-hiê gì 99%. [[Dê-giù]] gâe̤ng gì-tă gì [[giàng-sĭng]] dŭ diŏh nĭk-tàu bòng-biĕng pă-lă-kuàng. Ô nĭk-tàu ciáh ô dê-giù gì nĭk-dŏng gâe̤ng màng-buŏ. Dê-giù ông-dông sū-sṳ̆ gì nèng-liông, dê-giù gà̤-dēng ciòng-buô [[sĕng-miâng]] sū-sṳ̆ gì nè̤ng-liông dŭ sê Nĭk-tàu tì-gâe̤ng gì. ==Nĭk-tàu gâe̤ng sìng-uâ== [[Dṳ̆ng-guók]] [[sìng-uâ]] ô "[[Hâiu-ngiê]] siâ nĭk" (后羿射日) gì diòng-siók. Gū-cā-cā sèng-hâiu, tiĕng lā̤ ô 10 lăk nĭk-tàu, duâi-dê dŭ ké̤ṳk hiék dă gó̤. Hâiu-ngiê cêu sāi ciéng siŏk dâung 9 lăk, diông 1 lăk. Iù-sê ìng-lôi gì sĕng-còng kuàng-gīng ciáh biéng ciáng-siòng. [[Gū Hĭ-lăk|Hĭ-lăk]] sìng-uâ diē-lié, tái-iòng-sìng sê [[Ă-pŏ̤-lò̤]] (阿波羅). {{Tái-iòng-hiê}} [[Category:Tiĕng-ùng]] [[af:Son]] [[als:Sonne]] [[am:ፀሐይ]] [[ang:Sunne]] [[ar:شمس]] [[ast:Sol]] [[zh-min-nan:Ji̍t-thâu]] [[be:Сонца]] [[bs:Sunce]] [[br:Heol]] [[bg:Слънце]] [[ca:Sol]] [[cs:Slunce]] [[cy:Haul]] [[da:Solen]] [[pdc:Sunn]] [[de:Sonne]] [[en:Sun]] [[et:Päike]] [[el:Ήλιος]] [[es:Sol]] [[eo:Suno]] [[eu:Eguzkia]] [[fa:خورشید]] [[fr:Soleil]] [[fur:Soreli]] [[ga:Grian]] [[gl:Sol]] [[gu:સૂર્ય]] [[ko:태양]] [[hi:सूर्य]] [[hr:Sunce]] [[io:Suno]] [[ilo:Init]] [[id:Matahari]] [[ia:Sol]] [[is:Sólin]] [[it:Sole]] [[he:השמש]] [[kn:ಸೂರ್ಯ]] [[ka:მზე]] [[kw:Howl]] [[sw:Jua]] [[ku:رۆژ]] [[lad:Sol]] [[la:Sol]] [[lv:Saule]] [[lt:Saulė]] [[li:Zon]] [[jbo:solri]] [[hu:Nap (égitest)]] [[mk:Сонце]] [[mt:Xemx]] [[mr:सूर्य]] [[ms:Matahari]] [[nah:Tōnatiuh]] [[nl:Zon]] [[nds-nl:Zunne]] [[ja:太陽]] [[nap:Sole]] [[no:Solen]] [[nn:Sola (stjerne)]] [[nrm:Solé]] [[ug:ئاپتاپقا سالماق]] [[pam:Aldo]] [[nds:Sünn]] [[pl:Słońce]] [[pt:Sol]] [[ro:Soare]] [[rmy:Kham]] [[qu:Inti]] [[ru:Солнце]] [[sco:Sun]] [[sq:Dielli]] [[scn:Suli]] [[simple:Sun]] [[sk:Slnko]] [[sl:Sonce]] [[cu:Слъньце]] [[sr:Сунце]] [[sh:Sunce]] [[su:Panonpoé]] [[fi:Aurinko]] [[sv:Solen]] [[tl:Araw (astronomiya)]] [[ta:சூரியன்]] [[th:ดวงอาทิตย์]] [[vi:Mặt Trời]] [[tr:Güneş]] [[uk:Сонце]] [[uz:Quyosh]] [[zh-yue:太陽]] [[zh:太阳]] 703 1842 2006-10-21T11:13:06Z GnuDoyng 13 Lôi-biék 704 1843 2006-10-21T11:20:07Z GnuDoyng 13 ←Gă gô gì bēng-buōng 705 3923 2006-11-30T12:28:05Z GnuDoyng 13 sèng $1 hâung 706 3922 2006-11-30T12:28:00Z GnuDoyng 13 ← Sèng 1 hâung chă-biék 707 1849 2006-10-21T11:31:42Z GnuDoyng 13 Téng Ĭng-ngṳ̄ Wikipedia hók-cié lì gì. Dê-cī: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/8/8d/Solar_System_XVII.png Téng Ĭng-ngṳ̄ Wikipedia hók-cié lì gì. Dê-cī: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/8/8d/Solar_System_XVII.png 708 1851 2006-10-22T00:17:55Z GnuDoyng 13 {| class="toccolours" style="margin: 1em auto; clear: both; font-size: 90%; text-align: center;" |- ! style="background:#ccccff; font-size: larger;" | [[Tái-iòng-hiê]] |- | [[Image:Tai-iong-hie.png]] |- | [[Nĭk-tàu]] · [[Cūi-sĭng]] · [[Gĭng-sĭng]] · [[Dê-giù]] · ''[[Nguŏk]]'' · [[Huōi-sĭng]] · [[Mŭk-sĭng]] · [[Tū-sĭng]] · [[Tiĕng-uòng-sĭng]] · [[Hāi-uòng-sĭng]] · ''[[Mìng-uòng-sĭng]]'' |} 709 1852 2006-10-23T15:31:16Z GnuDoyng 13 Muôi báik 710 1853 2006-10-23T15:31:27Z GnuDoyng 13 Muôi báik 711 1854 2006-10-23T15:38:42Z GnuDoyng 13 Muôi báik 712 1855 2006-10-23T15:39:01Z GnuDoyng 13 muôi báik gì dâng 713 1856 2006-10-23T15:39:15Z GnuDoyng 13 muôi báik hàng-só 714 3188 2006-10-31T13:36:26Z GnuDoyng 13 [[Image:Astronomy Amateur 3 V2.jpg|200px|right]] Ciō dèu-mĕ̤k: [[Tiĕng-ùng]]. [[Category:Kuŏ-hŏk]] [[af:Kategorie:Sterrekunde]] [[als:Kategorie:Astronomie]] [[ar:تصنيف:فلك]] [[an:Categoría:Astronomía]] [[ast:Categoría:Astronomía]] [[az:Kateqoriya:Astronomiya]] [[zh-min-nan:Category:Thian-bûn-ha̍k]] [[be:Катэгорыя:Астраномія]] [[bs:Kategorija:Astronomija]] [[br:Rummad:Astronomiezh]] [[bg:Категория:Астрономия]] [[ca:Categoria:Astronomia]] [[cs:Kategorie:Astronomie]] [[da:Kategori:Astronomi]] [[de:Kategorie:Astronomie]] [[en:Category:Astronomy]] [[et:Kategooria:Astronoomia]] [[el:Κατηγορία:Αστρονομία]] [[es:Categoría:Astronomía]] [[eo:Kategorio:Astronomio]] [[eu:Kategoria:Astronomia]] [[fr:Catégorie:Astronomie]] [[ga:Catagóir:Réalteolaíocht]] [[gd:Category:Reul-eòlas]] [[gl:Category:Astronomía]] [[ko:분류:천문학]] [[hr:Kategorija:Astronomija]] [[io:Category:Astronomio]] [[id:Kategori:Astronomi]] [[is:Flokkur:Stjörnufræði]] [[it:Categoria:Astronomia e Astrofisica]] [[he:קטגוריה:אסטרונומיה]] [[kn:ವರ್ಗ:ಖಗೋಳಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ]] [[csb:Kategòrëjô:Astronomijô]] [[kw:Category:Astronymyl]] [[sw:Category:Falaki]] [[ku:Kategorî:Astronomî]] [[la:Categoria:Astronomia]] [[lv:Kategorija:Astronomija]] [[lb:Category:Astronomie]] [[lt:Kategorija:Astronomija]] [[li:Kategorie:Astrenomie]] [[lmo:Category:Astrunumía]] [[hu:Kategória:Csillagászat]] [[map-bms:Category:Astronomi]] [[mk:Категорија:Астрономија]] [[mt:Category:Astronomija]] [[ms:Kategori:Astronomi]] [[nah:Categoría:Ilhuicatlatiliztli]] [[nl:Categorie:Astronomie]] [[nds-nl:Categorie:Astronomie]] [[ja:Category:天文学]] [[nap:Categoria:Astronumia]] [[no:Kategori:Astronomi]] [[nn:Kategori:Astronomi]] [[oc:Categoria:Astronomia]] [[pam:Category:Astronomia]] [[pms:Categorìa:Astronomìa]] [[nds:Kategorie:Astronomie]] [[pl:Kategoria:Astronomia]] [[pt:Categoria:Astronomia]] [[ro:Categorie:Astronomie]] [[rmy:Shopni:Chexanipen]] [[ru:Категория:Астрономия]] [[sq:Category:Astronomi]] [[simple:Category:Astronomy]] [[sk:Kategória:Astronómia]] [[sl:Kategorija:Astronomija]] [[sr:Категорија:Астрономија]] [[sh:Category:Astronomija]] [[su:Kategori:Astronomi]] [[fi:Luokka:Tähtitiede]] [[sv:Kategori:Astronomi]] [[th:หมวดหมู่:ดาราศาสตร์]] [[vi:Thể loại:Thiên văn học]] [[tr:Kategori:Gökbilim]] [[uk:Категорія:Астрономія]] [[vec:Categoria:Astronomia]] [[yi:קאַטעגאָריע:אסטראנאמיע]] [[zh-yue:Category:天文]] [[zh:Category:天文学]] 715 1866 2006-10-24T10:13:53Z GnuDoyng 13 Dṳ̀ng-sĭng dêng-hióng gáu [[Nĭk-tàu]] #REDIRECT [[Nĭk-tàu]] 716 3147 2006-10-31T12:16:28Z GnuDoyng 13 /* Gì-tă ciō-iéu cáuk-pīng */ Mī-làng Kŭng-dáik-lá (米蘭·昆德拉, Milan Kundera) 1929 nièng 4 nguŏk 1 hô̤ diŏh [[Ciĕk-káik]] (捷克) chók-sié, hiêng-câi dêu [[Huák-guók]], [[Guók-cié-ciō-ngiê|guók-cié-ciō-ngiê-ciā]], '''''Sĕng-miâng Dṳ̆ng Dŏng-mâ̤-dái cĭ Kĭng''''' ([[Guók-ngṳ̄]]: 生命中不能承受之輕) gì cáuk-ciā. ==Sê̤ṳ-cék== 1968 nièng, Kŭng-dáik-lá chăng-gă lāu "Buó-lá-gáh cĭ chŭng" (布拉格之春) gāi-gáik ông-dông, dáng-sê ciā ông-dông sák-sák-muōi ké̤ṳk [[Sŭ-lièng]] gŭng-dôi déng-ák. Iù-sê Kŭng-dáik-lá kăi-sṳ̄ sāi cṳ̆ piĕ-bìng [[Siâ-huôi-ciō-ngiê]], gó-chṳ̄ ĭ gì cáik-pīng dŭ ké̤ṳk céng-hū céng-cī. 1975 nièng, Kŭng-dáik-lá buăng kó̤ [[Huák-guók]] kó̤ dêu. Iè-mìng Huák-guók ī-hâiu, Kŭng-dáik-lá gié-sṳ̆k huák-biēu cáuk-pīng, gé-liŏh Ciĕk-káik-nè̤ng huāng-káung Sŭ-lièng lī-dê gì dâi-gié. 1984 nièng, ĭ siŏh-sié-nè̤ng īng-hiōng-lĭk dék duâi gì cṳ̆ '''''Sĕng-miâng Dṳ̆ng Dŏng-mâ̤-dái cĭ Kĭng''''' chók-bēng. Kŭng-dáik-lá hâiu-gĭ gì cáuk-pīng [[céng-dê]] ê-dô̤ muōng lài muōng ciāng, kăi-sṳ̄ gă-tiĕng [[diék-hŏk]] gì sṳ̆-kō̤. ==''Sĕng-miâng Dṳ̆ng Dŏng-mâ̤-dái cĭ Kĭng'' gái-siêu== '''''Sĕng-miâng Dṳ̆ng Dŏng-mâ̤-dái cĭ Kĭng''''' ([[Ciĕk-káik-ngṳ̄]]: ''Nesnesitelná lehkost bytí''; [[Huák-ngṳ̄]]: ''L'insoutenable légèrté de l'être''; [[Ĭng-ngṳ̄]]: ''The Unbearable Lightness of Being''; [[Dáik-ngṳ̄]]: ''Die Unerträgliche Leichtighkeit des Seins'') sê Mī-làng Kŭng-dáik-lá dék chók-miàng gì [[siēu-siók]], ĭng-ôi cī buô cṳ̆ Kŭng-dáik-lá ciáh sìng-ùi sié-gái có̤i ūi-dâi gì cáuk-gă cĭ ék. Cī buô cṳ̆ tŭng-guó dó̤i céng-dê gâe̤ng diék-hŏk gì sṳ̆-kō̤, gōng-sŭk lāu còng-câi īng-hèng gì ciō-dà̤: còng-câi dó̤-dā̤ sê dâe̤ng gó sê kĭng? Céng-dê ô mò̤ giéu ìng-séng biéng ngài? Cī gūi ciáh ông-dà̤ dĭk-dáik [[ìng-lôi]] īng-uōng sṳ̆-liòng cék-céng. ==Gì-tă ciō-iéu cáuk-pīng== [[Category:Ìng-ŭk]] [[Category:Ùng-hŏk]] [[bg:Милан Кундера]] [[ca:Milan Kundera]] [[cs:Milan Kundera]] [[da:Milan Kundera]] [[de:Milan Kundera]] [[en:Milan Kundera]] [[et:Milan Kundera]] [[es:Milan Kundera]] [[eo:Milan Kundera]] [[fa:میلان کوندرا]] [[fr:Milan Kundera]] [[io:Milan Kundera]] [[it:Milan Kundera]] [[he:מילן קונדרה]] [[ka:კუნდერა, მილან]] [[lv:Milans Kundera]] [[lt:Milan Kundera]] [[hu:Milan Kundera]] [[nl:Milan Kundera]] [[ja:ミラン・クンデラ]] [[no:Milan Kundera]] [[oc:Milan Kundera]] [[pl:Milan Kundera]] [[pt:Milan Kundera]] [[ro:Milan Kundera]] [[ru:Кундера, Милан]] [[sq:Milan Kundera]] [[sk:Milan Kundera]] [[fi:Milan Kundera]] [[sv:Milan Kundera]] [[th:มิลาน คุนเดอรา]] [[vi:Milan Kundera]] [[tr:Milan Kundera]] [[zh:米兰·昆德拉]] 718 1879 2006-10-24T11:26:28Z GnuDoyng 13 nô̤i-ṳ̀ng sê: '$1' (bêng-chiā cáuk-ciā nâ ô '[[Special:Contributions/$2|$2]]') 719 1880 2006-10-24T11:26:35Z GnuDoyng 13 nô̤i-ṳ̀ng sê: '$1' 720 3388 2006-11-04T04:56:01Z GnuDoyng 13 <strong>Gīng-gó̤: Ôi lāu mì-hô buōng câng, só-gé̤ṳ-kó ké̤ṳk ló̤h kī lāu, gó-chṳ̄ cī-lùng nṳ̄ mò̤ nièng-ngài bō̤-còng nṳ̄ gì siŭ-gāi. Chiāng sĕng bō̤-còng diŏh nṳ̄ diêng-nō̤ buōng-dê, dīng nék-gū mâing gái ché.</strong> 721 3396 2006-11-04T15:58:36Z GnuDoyng 13 dù lâi mò̤ é-ngiê gì só-gé̤ṳ Só-gé̤ṳ-kó diē-lié gê̤ṳng-cūng ô '''$1''' piĕng ùng-ciŏng. Bău-guăk tō̤-lâung-hiăh, guăng-ṳ̀ {{SITENAME}} gì, muôi siā hō̤ gì, gâe̤ng gì-tă cék-liông mâ̤ gèng gì ùng-ciŏng. Nâ mò̤ sáung hī piĕ ùng-ciŏng, tūng-biáng ô '''$2''' piĕng hù-hăk biĕu-cūng gì ùng-ciŏng. '''$8''' bĭk ùng-giông ké̤ṳk siông-diòng. Téng buōng câng kiū siék gáu gĭng-dáng, ĭ ī-gĭng ké̤ṳk nè̤ng siŭ-gāi '''$4''' làu, bìng-gĭng siŏh piĕng ùng-ciŏng ké̤ṳk nè̤ng siŭ-gāi '''$5''' làu. 722 1890 2006-10-24T12:32:16Z GnuDoyng 13 Ê̤ṳng-hô só-gé̤ṳ 723 1891 2006-10-24T12:33:50Z GnuDoyng 13 Gê̤ṳng-cūng ô '''$1''' ciáh cé̤ṳ-chák ê̤ṳng-hô, gì-dṳ̆ng '''$2''' ciáh ('''$4%''') sê $5. 726 1894 2006-10-24T15:34:33Z GnuDoyng 13 Láuk-diē ô dâng 727 1895 2006-10-24T15:41:43Z GnuDoyng 13 Mò̤ cūng-kuāng gì ê̤ṳng-hô-miàng "$1". Giēng-chă nṳ̄ gì pĭng-siā, hĕ̤k-ciā kŭi 1 ciáh sĭng dióng-hô̤. 728 1896 2006-10-24T15:41:57Z GnuDoyng 13 Mò̤ cūng-kuāng gì ê̤ṳng-hô-miàng "$1". Giēng-chă nṳ̄ gì pĭng-siā 729 1897 2006-10-24T15:42:30Z GnuDoyng 13 Mò̤ cūng-kuāng gì dĕk-sṳ̀ hiăh 731 3815 2006-11-20T15:33:57Z GnuDoyng 13 /* Gâe̤ng Tū-ī-gì céng-hū gì dáu-cĕng */ [[Image:Orhan pamuk u01 72.jpg|thumb|400px|Ó̤-ī-hâng Pá-mŭk|right]] '''Ó̤-ī-hâng Pá-mŭk''' (奧爾汗·帕木, Orhan Pamuk), 1952 nièng 6 nguŏk 7 hô̤ diŏh [[Tū-ī-gì]] (土爾其) [[Ĭ-sṳ̆-tāng-buó-ī]] (伊斯坦布爾) chók-sié, cáuk-gă, 2006 nièng [[Niŏk-buói-ī-ciōng]] (諾貝爾獎) gì dáik-ciō. Pá-mŭk sèu-sèu ké̤ṳk nè̤ng nêng-ùi sê [[Hâiu-hiêng-dô̤i ùng-hăk|Hâiu-hiêng-dô̤i cáuk-gă]]. Ĭ gì cáuk-pīng ké̤ṳk huăng-ĭk siàng siék-gūi cṳ̄ng [[ngṳ̄-ngiòng]] bēng-buōng găk ciòng sié-gái huák-biēu. ==Ciō-iéu cáuk-pīng== Ó̤-ī-hâng Pá-mŭk 6 huói kăi-sṳ̄ ŏ̤h uâ, gáu 22 huói giók-é có̤ [[Siēu-siók|siēu-siók-gă]]. Ĭ gì cáuk-pīng tā̤-hiêng lāu [[ùng-mìng]] ṳ̀ng-hăk gâe̤ng siŏng-chṳ̆ng gì é-ngiê, giéu nè̤ng chĭng-sṳ̆. * '''Băh-sáik Siàng-bō̤''' ([[Tū-ī-gì-ngṳ̄]]: ''Beyaz Kale''; [[Ĭng-ngṳ̄]]: ''The White Castle''): 1983 nièng huák-biēu, 1990 nièng dáik diŏh [[Mī-guók]] Nguôi-guók Siēu-siók Dŭk-lĭk-ciōng (外國小說獨立獎). * '''Ŭ Cṳ̆''' (Tū-ī-gì-ngṳ̄: ''Kara Kitap''; Ĭng-ngṳ̄: ''The Black Book''): 1990 nièng huák-biēu, dáik diŏh [[Huák-guók]] Huák-làng-să̤ Ùng-huá-ciōng (法蘭西文化獎). * '''Sĭng Ìng-sĕng''' (Tū-ī-gì-ngṳ̄: ''Yeni Hayat''; Ĭng-ngṳ̄: ''The New Life''): 1997 nièng huák-biēu. * '''Nguāi Miàng È̤ng''' (Tū-ī-gì-ngṳ̄: ''Benim Adım Kırmızı''; Ĭng-ngṳ̄: ''My Name is Red''): 1998 nièng huák-biēu. Cī buô cṳ̆ káuk-dêng lāu Pá-mŭk găk guók-cié ùng-dàng gà̤-dēng gì dê-ôi, dáik diŏh [[Ái-ī-làng]] (愛爾蘭) Dŭ-báik-lìng Ùng-hŏk-ciōng (都柏林文學獎) gâe̤ng Huák-guók Ùng-ngiê-ciōng (法國文藝獎) dēng-dēng. * '''Siók''' (Tū-ī-gì-ngṳ̄: ''Kar''; Ĭng-ngṳ̄: ''Snow''): 2004 nièng huák-biēu. * '''Ĭ-sṳ̆-tāng-buó-ī: Gé-ék gâe̤ng ciā Siàng-chê''' (Tū-ī-gì-ngṳ̄: ''İstanbul: Hatıralar ve Şehir''; Ĭng-ngṳ̄: ''Istanbul: Memories and the City''): 2005 nièng huák-biēu, dáik diŏh [[Dáik-guók]] Cṳ̆-ngiĕk Huò-bìng-ciōng (書業和平獎). ==Gâe̤ng Tū-ī-gì céng-hū gì dáu-cĕng== 2005 nièng 6 nguŏk, Tū-ī-gì céng-hū tŭng-guó 1 kuāng huák-áng, sĭng-mìng êng-hò̤ Tū-ī-gì-nè̤ng dŭ mâ̤-tĕ̤ng hī-bóng cê-gă gì [[guók-gă]], nâ-mò̤ céng-hū ô guòng-lĭk sīng-puáng ĭ gì cô̤i. Găk ciā huák-áng tŭng-guó gì 4 gá nguŏk-nĭk cĭ-sèng, Ó̤-ī-hâng Pá-mŭk ô diŏh [[Sôi-sê̤ṳ]] (瑞士) gá-ciā chāi-huōng sèng-hâiu gōng guó Tū-ī-gì-nè̤ng găk lĭk-sṳ̄ siông báik-cèng có̤ guó [[cṳ̄ng-cŭk miĕk-ciŏk]] gì dâi. Gó-chṳ̄, céng-hū buóh siōng sīng-puáng ĭ, buóh niông ĭ diē găng-lò̤. Kī-só kăi-sṳ̄ cĭ-hâiu, Pá-mŭk diŏh Dáik-guók gì bĕng-ciōng diēng-lā̤ siông duâi-siăng gōng: "Nguāi gái gōng siŏh huòi, tiăng chĭng-chū, gê̤ṳng-cūng ô siŏh-báh-uâng Ā-mī-nì-ā-nè̤ng gâe̤ng săng-uâng Kó-ī-dáik-nè̤ng diŏh Tū-ī-gì ké̤ṳk tài sī!" (''I repeat, I said loud and clear that one million Armenians and 30,000 Kurds were killed in Turkey!'') Ciā sê̤ṳ-giông īng kī guók-cié cêng duâi huāng-éng. Sié-gái siông ô cêng sâ̤ nè̤ng ciĕ-tì Pá-mŭk gì có̤-huák, nêng-ùi dó̤i ĭ gì kī-só sê giòng-găng [[ìng-guòng]]. 2006 nièng 1 nguŏk 22 hô̤, céng-hū dó̤i Pá-mŭk gì kī-só ciáh giék-sók. ==Nguôi-buô lièng-giék== * [http://www.orhanpamuk.net/ Orhan Pamuk - The Official Site] (Ĭng-ngṳ̄) [[Category:Ìng-ŭk|Ö]] [[Category:Ùng-hŏk|Ö]] [[ar:أورهان باموق]] [[az:Orhan Pamuk]] [[be:Архан Памук]] [[bg:Орхан Памук]] [[ca:Orhan Pamuk]] [[cs:Orhan Pamuk]] [[da:Orhan Pamuk]] [[de:Orhan Pamuk]] [[en:Orhan Pamuk]] [[et:Orhan Pamuk]] [[el:Ορχάν Παμούκ]] [[es:Orhan Pamuk]] [[eo:Orhan Pamuk]] [[fa:اورهان پاموک]] [[fr:Orhan Pamuk]] [[ko:오르한 파묵]] [[hr:Orhan Pamuk]] [[io:Orhan Pamuk]] [[id:Orhan Pamuk]] [[it:Orhan Pamuk]] [[he:אורהאן פאמוק]] [[ka:პამუკი, ორჰან]] [[ku:Orhan Pamuk]] [[lv:Orhans Pamuks]] [[hu:Orhan Pamuk]] [[nl:Orhan Pamuk]] [[ja:オルハン・パムク]] [[no:Orhan Pamuk]] [[nn:Orhan Pamuk]] [[oc:Orhan Pamuk]] [[pl:Orhan Pamuk]] [[pt:Orhan Pamuk]] [[ro:Orhan Pamuk]] [[ru:Памук, Орхан]] [[sl:Orhan Pamuk]] [[sr:Orhan Pamuk]] [[fi:Orhan Pamuk]] [[sv:Orhan Pamuk]] [[vi:Orhan Pamuk]] [[tr:Orhan Pamuk]] [[zh:奥尔汗·帕穆克]] 732 3465 2006-11-06T12:31:39Z GnuDoyng 13 [[Image:Books-aj.svg aj ashton 01.svg|200px|right]] Ciō dèu-mĕ̤k: [[Ùng-hŏk]]. [[Category:Ùng-huá]] [[af:Kategorie:Letterkunde]] [[ar:تصنيف:أدب]] [[an:Categoría:Literatura]] [[frp:Category:Litèratura]] [[ast:Categoría:Lliteratura]] [[zh-min-nan:Category:Bûn-ha̍k]] [[be:Катэгорыя:Літаратура]] [[bs:Kategorija:Književnost]] [[bg:Категория:Литература]] [[ca:Categoria:Literatura]] [[cs:Kategorie:Literatura]] [[cy:Categori:Llenyddiaeth]] [[da:Kategori:Litteratur]] [[de:Kategorie:Literatur]] [[et:Kategooria:Kirjandus]] [[el:Κατηγορία:Λογοτεχνία]] [[en:Category:Literature]] [[es:Categoría:Literatura]] [[eo:Kategorio:Literaturo]] [[eu:Kategoria:Literatura]] [[fa:رده:ادبیات]] [[fr:Catégorie:Littérature]] [[fy:Kategory:Literatuer]] [[ga:Catagóir:Litríocht]] [[gd:Category:Litreachas]] [[gl:Category:Literatura]] [[gu:Category:સાહિત્ય]] [[ko:분류:문학]] [[io:Category:Literaturo]] [[id:Kategori:Sastra]] [[os:Категори:Литературæ]] [[it:Categoria:Letteratura]] [[he:קטגוריה:ספרות]] [[jv:Kategori:Sastra]] [[ka:კატეგორია:ლიტერატურა]] [[sw:Category:Fasihi]] [[ku:Kategorî:Wêje]] [[la:Categoria:Litteratura]] [[lv:Kategorija:Literatūra]] [[lb:Category:Literatur]] [[lt:Kategorija:Literatūra]] [[lmo:Category:Literatüra]] [[hu:Kategória:Irodalom]] [[mk:Категорија:Литература]] [[mt:Category:Letteratura]] [[nl:Categorie:Literatuur]] [[ja:Category:文学]] [[no:Kategori:Litteratur]] [[nn:Kategori:Litteratur]] [[nrm:Category:Littéthatuthe]] [[nds:Kategorie:Literatur]] [[pl:Kategoria:Literatura]] [[pt:Categoria:Literatura]] [[ro:Categorie:Literatură]] [[ru:Категория:Литература]] [[sq:Category:Letërsi]] [[scn:Category:Littiratura]] [[simple:Category:Literature]] [[sk:Kategória:Literatúra]] [[sl:Kategorija:Književnost]] [[sr:Категорија:Књижевност]] [[fi:Luokka:Kirjallisuus]] [[sv:Kategori:Litteratur]] [[tl:Category:Panitikan]] [[vi:Thể loại:Văn học]] [[tr:Kategori:Edebiyat]] [[uk:Категорія:Література]] [[vec:Categoria:Łiteratura]] [[vls:Category:Literatuur]] [[war:Category:Literatura]] [[zh:Category:文学]] 733 1915 2006-10-25T17:19:28Z MediaWiki default /* CSS placed here will affect users of the Monobook skin */ 734 1916 2006-10-25T17:19:28Z MediaWiki default v 735 1917 2006-10-25T17:19:28Z MediaWiki default v 736 1918 2006-10-25T17:19:28Z MediaWiki default i 737 1919 2006-10-25T17:19:28Z MediaWiki default p 738 1920 2006-10-25T17:19:28Z MediaWiki default s 739 1921 2006-10-25T17:19:28Z MediaWiki default f 740 1922 2006-10-25T17:19:28Z MediaWiki default w 741 1923 2006-10-25T17:19:28Z MediaWiki default + 742 1924 2006-10-25T17:19:28Z MediaWiki default 743 1925 2006-10-25T17:19:28Z MediaWiki default 744 1926 2006-10-25T17:19:28Z MediaWiki default A page of that name already exists, or the name you have chosen is not valid. 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Do you want to delete it to make way for the move? 829 3425 2006-11-05T11:11:05Z GnuDoyng 13 tài sī "[[$1]]" 830 2012 2006-10-25T17:19:29Z MediaWiki default [deleted] 831 2013 2006-10-25T17:19:29Z MediaWiki default Delete all revisions of this file 832 3137 2006-10-31T12:08:44Z GnuDoyng 13 (Tài sī "$1") 833 3630 2006-11-11T07:38:36Z GnuDoyng 13 Mŭk-biĕu ùng-giông-miàng 834 2998 2006-10-28T16:44:28Z GnuDoyng 13 (Bēng-buōng cĭ-găng gì chă-biék) 835 2017 2006-10-25T17:19:29Z MediaWiki default Disambiguation pages 836 2018 2006-10-25T17:19:29Z MediaWiki default 837 2019 2006-10-25T17:19:29Z MediaWiki default Template:disambig 838 2020 2006-10-25T17:19:29Z MediaWiki default The following pages link to a <i>disambiguation page</i>. They should link to the appropriate topic instead.<br />A page is treated as disambiguation if it is linked from $1.<br />Links from other namespaces are <i>not</i> listed here. 839 2021 2006-10-25T17:19:29Z MediaWiki default Project:General_disclaimer 840 2022 2006-10-25T17:19:29Z MediaWiki default (Link to this page as [[$1]]) 841 2023 2006-10-25T17:19:29Z MediaWiki default Double redirects 842 2024 2006-10-25T17:19:29Z MediaWiki default 843 2025 2006-10-25T17:19:29Z MediaWiki default Each row contains links to the first and second redirect, as well as the first line of the second redirect text, usually giving the "real" target page, which the first redirect should point to. 844 2026 2006-10-25T17:19:29Z MediaWiki default A confirmation e-mail has been sent to the nominated e-mail address. 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Your friendly {{SITENAME}} notification system -- To change your watchlist settings, visit {{fullurl:{{ns:special}}:Watchlist/edit}} Feedback and further assistance: {{fullurl:{{ns:help}}:Contents}} 853 2035 2006-10-25T17:19:29Z MediaWiki default See $1 for all changes since your last visit. 854 2036 2006-10-25T17:19:29Z MediaWiki default {{SITENAME}} Notification Mailer 855 2037 2006-10-25T17:19:29Z MediaWiki default Mark all pages visited 856 2038 2006-10-25T17:19:29Z MediaWiki default {{SITENAME}} page $PAGETITLE has been $CHANGEDORCREATED by $PAGEEDITOR 857 2039 2006-10-25T17:19:29Z MediaWiki default Enter a reason for the lock, including an estimate of when the lock will be released 858 2040 2006-10-25T17:19:29Z MediaWiki default Error 859 2041 2006-10-25T17:19:29Z MediaWiki default Error 860 2042 2006-10-25T17:19:29Z MediaWiki default content before blanking was: '$1' 861 2043 2006-10-25T17:19:29Z MediaWiki default page was empty 862 2044 2006-10-25T17:19:29Z MediaWiki default 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reasons. 1102 2284 2006-10-25T17:19:30Z MediaWiki default You can export the text and editing history of a particular page or set of pages wrapped in some XML. This can be imported into another wiki using MediaWiki via the Special:Import page. To export pages, enter the titles in the text box below, one title per line, and select whether you want the current version as well as all old versions, with the page history lines, or just the current version with the info about the last edit. In the latter case you can also use a link, e.g. [[{{ns:Special}}:Export/{{int:mainpage}}]] for the page {{int:mainpage}}. 1103 2285 2006-10-25T17:19:30Z MediaWiki default There was either an external authentication database error or you are not allowed to update your external account. 1104 2286 2006-10-25T17:19:30Z MediaWiki default http://www.example.com link title 1105 2287 2006-10-25T17:19:30Z MediaWiki default FAQ 1106 2288 2006-10-25T17:19:30Z MediaWiki default Project:FAQ 1107 2289 2006-10-25T17:19:30Z MediaWiki default Atom 1108 2290 2006-10-25T17:19:30Z MediaWiki default Invalid subscription feed type. 1109 2291 2006-10-25T17:19:30Z MediaWiki default RSS 1110 2292 2006-10-25T17:19:30Z MediaWiki default Could not copy file "$1" to "$2". 1111 2293 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default Could not delete file "$1". 1112 3848 2006-11-24T14:52:19Z GnuDoyng 13 Ī-gĭng ô siŏh bĭk dè̤ng miàng ùng-giông, nṳ̄ nâ mâ̤ káuk-dêng nṳ̄ sê-ng-sê dŏng-cĭng páh-sáung gāi-biéng ĭ, chiāng giēng-chă $1. 1113 2295 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default A file with this name exists already; please go back and upload this file under a new name. [[Image:$1|thumb|center|$1]] 1114 2296 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default A file with this name exists already in the shared file repository; please go back and upload this file under a new name. [[Image:$1|thumb|center|$1]] 1115 2297 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default $1KB, MIME type: <code>$2</code> 1116 2298 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default File missing 1117 2299 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default Could not find file "$1". 1118 2300 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default Could not rename file "$1" to "$2". 1119 2301 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default Copyright status 1120 2302 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default File $1 uploaded successfully. Please follow this link: $2 to the description page and fill in information about the file, such as where it came from, when it was created and by whom, and anything else you may know about it. If this is an image, you can insert it like this: <tt><nowiki>[[Image:$1|thumb|Description]]</nowiki></tt> 1121 2303 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default A file of this name has been previously uploaded and subsequently deleted. You should check the $1 before proceeding to upload it again. 1122 2304 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default Error: could not submit form 1123 2305 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default fetching file list 1124 2306 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default <form method="get" action="http://www.google.com/search" id="googlesearch"> <input type="hidden" name="domains" value="{{SERVER}}" /> <input type="hidden" name="num" value="50" /> <input type="hidden" name="ie" value="$2" /> <input type="hidden" name="oe" value="$2" /> <input type="text" name="q" size="31" maxlength="255" value="$1" /> <input type="submit" name="btnG" value="$3" /> <div> <input type="radio" name="sitesearch" id="gwiki" value="{{SERVER}}" checked="checked" /><label for="gwiki">{{SITENAME}}</label> <input type="radio" name="sitesearch" id="gWWW" value="" /><label for="gWWW">WWW</label> </div> </form> 1125 2307 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default (all) 1126 2308 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default {{ns:project}}:Bots 1127 2309 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default {{ns:project}}:Bureaucrats 1128 2310 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default {{ns:project}}:Administrators 1129 2311 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default Fill in from browser 1130 2312 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default Diff selection: mark the radio boxes of the versions to compare and hit enter or the button at the bottom.<br /> Legend: (cur) = difference with current version, (last) = difference with preceding version, M = minor edit. 1131 3882 2006-11-26T06:05:08Z GnuDoyng 13 Wiki gà̤-lēng cī miêng hiăh gì siŭ-gāi lĭk-sṳ̄ 1132 2314 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default The requested page doesn't exist. It may have been deleted from the wiki, or renamed. Try [[Special:Search|searching on the wiki]] for relevant new pages. 1133 2315 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default $1 at $2 1134 3883 2006-11-26T06:05:21Z GnuDoyng 13 Siŭ-gāi lĭk-sṳ̄ 1135 2317 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default - 1136 3356 2006-11-03T10:44:10Z GnuDoyng 13 Gīng-gó̤: Nṳ̄ cūng-bê tài gì hiăh-miêng ô lĭk-sṳ̄: 1137 2319 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default Horizontal line (use sparingly) 1138 3846 2006-11-24T14:35:42Z GnuDoyng 13 Mò̤ sê̤ṳ gīng-gó̤ bō̤-còng ùng-giông. 1139 3631 2006-11-11T07:38:56Z GnuDoyng 13 Mò̤ sê̤ṳ gīng-gó̤ 1140 2322 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default The filename "$1" contains characters that are not allowed in page titles. Please rename the file and try uploading it again. 1141 2323 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default Search 1142 2324 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default Example.jpg 1143 2325 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default Embedded image 1144 2326 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default Links 1145 2327 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default 1146 3634 2006-11-11T07:46:13Z GnuDoyng 13 Nĭk-gĭ 1147 2329 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default Description 1148 3635 2006-11-11T07:46:19Z GnuDoyng 13 Miàng 1149 2331 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default Search for image name: 1150 2332 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default Size (bytes) 1151 3636 2006-11-11T08:26:40Z GnuDoyng 13 ciòng-buô 1152 2334 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default This shows only images uploaded by $1. 1153 2335 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default Below is a list of '''$1''' {{plural:$1|file|files}} sorted $2. 1154 2336 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default Limit images on image description pages to: 1155 2337 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default View image page 1156 2338 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default Revert to earlier version was successful. 1157 2339 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default desc 1158 2340 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. <br /><i>Click on date to see the file uploaded on that date</i>. 1159 2341 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default Legend: (desc) = show/edit file description. 1160 2342 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default 1161 2343 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default Go to page 1162 2344 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default next page &rarr; 1163 2345 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default &larr; previous page 1164 2346 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default Source or destination title is of a special type; cannot move pages from and into that namespace. 1165 2347 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default Import pages 1166 2348 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default Copy all history versions for this page 1167 2349 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default Transfer pages into namespace: 1168 2350 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default Import 1169 2351 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default Select a wiki and page title to import. Revision dates and editors' names will be preserved. All transwiki import actions are logged at the [[Special:Log/import|import log]]. 1170 2352 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default transwikied $1 1171 2353 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default $1 revision(s) from $2 1172 2354 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default imported [[$1]] by file upload 1173 2355 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default $1 revision(s) 1174 2356 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default $1 {{PLURAL:$1|revision|revisions}} 1175 2357 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default Bad interwiki link 1176 2358 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default Couldn't open import file 1177 2359 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default Import failed: $1 1178 2360 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default Conflicting history revision exists (may have imported this page before) 1179 2361 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default Importing $1 1180 2362 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default Transwiki import 1181 2363 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default Import log 1182 2364 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default Administrative imports of pages with edit history from other wikis. 1183 2365 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default No import file was uploaded. 1184 2366 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default No pages to import. 1185 2367 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default No transwiki import sources have been defined and direct history uploads are disabled. 1186 2368 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default Empty or no text 1187 2369 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default Importing pages... 1188 2370 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default Import succeeded! 1189 2371 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default Please export the file from the source wiki using the Special:Export utility, save it to your disk and upload it here. 1190 2372 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default Unknown import source type 1191 2373 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default Upload of import file failed; perhaps the file is bigger than the allowed upload size. 1192 2374 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default infinite 1193 2375 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default Information for page 1194 2376 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default Internal error 1195 2377 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default Interlanguage links 1196 2378 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default The e-mail address cannot be accepted as it appears to have an invalid format. Please enter a well-formatted address or empty that field. 1197 3903 2006-11-29T13:11:12Z GnuDoyng 13 Huāng sōng 1198 2380 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default Invalid IP range. 1199 2381 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default IP Address 1200 2382 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default IP Address or username 1201 2383 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default "$1" is already blocked 1202 2384 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default Error: Block ID $1 not found. It may have been unblocked already. 1203 2385 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default Expiry time invalid. 1204 2386 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default Block anonymous users only 1205 2387 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default Prevent account creation 1206 2388 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default Expiry 1207 2389 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default List of blocked IP addresses and usernames 1208 2390 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default 1209 2391 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default The blocklist is empty. 1210 2392 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default 2 hours:2 hours,1 day:1 day,3 days:3 days,1 week:1 week,2 weeks:2 weeks,1 month:1 month,3 months:3 months,6 months:6 months,1 year:1 year,infinite:infinite 1211 2393 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default ISBN 1212 2394 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default redirect page 1213 2395 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default inclusion 1214 2396 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default Italic text 1215 2397 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default Italic text 1216 2398 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default Problem with item '$1', invalid name... 1217 3911 2006-11-30T04:31:37Z GnuDoyng 13 īng-dô̤ 1218 2400 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default Warning: Page may not contain recent updates. 1219 2401 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default It is recommended that files do not exceed $1 bytes in size; this file is $2 bytes 1220 2402 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default This file is bigger than the server is configured to allow. 1221 2403 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default last 1222 2404 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default Licensing 1223 2405 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default - 1224 3910 2006-11-30T04:31:28Z GnuDoyng 13 Dâ̤ $1 hòng: 1225 2407 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default (List of links) 1226 2408 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default /^(.*?)([a-zA-Z\x80-\xff]+)$/sD 1227 2409 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default The following pages link to '''[[:$1]]''': 1228 2410 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default The following pages link to this file: 1229 2411 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default List redirects 1230 2412 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default 1231 2413 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default 1232 2414 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default Display users starting at: 1233 2415 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default Loading page history 1234 2416 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default loading revision for diff 1235 2417 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default Lock database 1236 2418 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default The database has been locked. <br />Remember to [[Special:Unlockdb|remove the lock]] after your maintenance is complete. 1237 2419 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default Locking the database will suspend the ability of all users to edit pages, change their preferences, edit their watchlists, and other things requiring changes in the database. Please confirm that this is what you intend to do, and that you will unlock the database when your maintenance is done. 1238 2420 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default The database lock file is not writable. To lock or unlock the database, this needs to be writable by the web server. 1239 2421 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default You did not check the confirmation box. 1240 2422 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default No matching items in log. 1241 2423 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default 1242 2424 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default * Deutsch|de * English|en * Esperanto|eo * Français|fr * Español|es * Italiano|it * Nederlands|nl 1243 3392 2006-11-04T05:14:08Z GnuDoyng 13 <strong>Nṳ̄ hiêng-câi láuk-chók lāu.</strong><br /> Nṳ̄ â̤-sāi sāi mò̤-miàng huŏng-sék gié-sṳ̆k găk {{SITENAME}} gè̤-dēng láuk, nṳ̄ iâ â̤-sāi sāi dè̤ng-iông gì dióng-hô̤ hĕ̤k-ciā bĕk-nó̤h bĭk dióng-hô̤ gái láuk-diē. Diŏh gé lā̤, nṳ̄ báuk-lāng-ké ká̤-chṳ̄ (''browser cache'') nâ mò̤ tĕ̤ng táh gó̤ uâ, ô gì hiăh giăng â̤ hiēng-sê nṳ̄ gó muôi láuk-chók. 1244 2426 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default Orphaned pages 1245 2427 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default 1246 2428 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default The following pages are not linked from other pages in this wiki. 1247 2429 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default <strong>ERROR: The text you have submitted is $1 kilobytes long, which is longer than the maximum of $2 kilobytes. It cannot be saved.</strong> 1248 2430 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default 1249 3795 2006-11-19T02:34:09Z GnuDoyng 13 <strong>Gīng-gó̤: Buōng hiăh ô $1 chiĕng-cê-ciék (''kilobyte'') dòng; ô siŏh piĕ báuk-lāng-ké (''browser'') mò̤ nièng-ngài piĕng-cĭk 32 chiĕng-cê-ciék cō̤-êu hĕ̤k-ciā gă dòng gì hiăh. Chiāng sṳ̆-liòng ciŏng ciā hiăh tiáh có̤ gă dōi gì dâung.</strong> 1250 2432 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default Error sending mail: $1 1251 2433 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default No send address 1252 2434 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default You must be [[Special:Userlogin|logged in]] and have a valid e-mail address in your [[Special:Preferences|preferences]] to send e-mail to other users. 1253 2435 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default Consult the [http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents User's Guide] for information on using the wiki software. == Getting started == * [http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Configuration_settings Configuration settings list] * [http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ] * [http://mail.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/mediawiki-announce MediaWiki release mailing list] 1254 2436 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default <big>'''MediaWiki has been successfully installed.'''</big> 1255 2437 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default <b>User "$1" could not be made into a sysop. (Did you enter the name correctly?)</b> 1256 2438 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default This form is used by bureaucrats to turn ordinary users into administrators. Type the name of the user in the box and press the button to make the user an administrator 1257 2439 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default Mark as patrolled 1258 2440 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default [$1] 1259 2441 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default Mark this article as patrolled 1260 2442 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default Marked as patrolled 1261 2443 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default Cannot mark as patrolled 1262 2444 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default You need to specify a revision to mark as patrolled. 1263 2445 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default The selected revision has been marked as patrolled. 1264 2446 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default The query "$1" matched $2 page titles and the text of $3 pages. 1265 2447 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default Can't write to or create math output directory 1266 2448 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default Can't write to or create math temp directory 1267 2449 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default Failed to parse 1268 2450 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default PNG conversion failed; check for correct installation of latex, dvips, gs, and convert 1269 2451 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default lexing error 1270 2452 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default Missing texvc executable; please see math/README to configure. 1271 2453 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default Insert formula here 1272 2454 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default syntax error 1273 2455 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default Mathematical formula (LaTeX) 1274 2456 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default '''Warning''': This file may contain malicious code, by executing it your system may be compromised.<hr /> 1275 2457 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default Metadata 1276 2458 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default Hide extended details 1277 2459 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default Show extended details 1278 2460 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default EXIF metadata fields listed in this message will be included on image page display when the metadata table is collapsed. Others will be hidden by default. * make * model * datetimeoriginal * exposuretime * fnumber * focallength 1279 2461 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner used to create or digitize it. If the file has been modified from its original state, some details may not fully reflect the modified image. 1280 2462 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default Metadata (see [[{{ns:project}}:Metadata]] for an explanation): 1281 2463 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default MIME search 1282 2464 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default 1283 2465 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default MIME type: 1284 2466 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default File names must be at least three letters. 1285 2467 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default The database did not find the text of a page that it should have found, named "$1". This is usually caused by following an outdated diff or history link to a page that has been deleted. If this is not the case, you may have found a bug in the software. Please report this to an administrator, making note of the URL. 1286 2468 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default Please enter a comment below. 1287 2469 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default <b>Missing image</b><br /><i>$1</i> 1288 2470 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default '''Reminder:''' You have not provided an edit summary. If you click Save again, your edit will be saved without one. 1289 2471 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default Articles with the most categories 1290 2472 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default 1291 2473 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default Most linked to images 1292 2474 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default 1293 2475 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default Most linked to pages 1294 2476 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default 1295 2477 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default Most linked to categories 1296 2478 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default 1297 2479 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default Articles with the most revisions 1298 2480 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default 1299 2481 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default Below is a list of page moved. 1300 3440 2006-11-06T04:24:41Z GnuDoyng 13 Sĕng [[Special:Userlogin|láuk-diē]] ciáh â̤-sāi iè-dông hiăh-miêng. 1301 3438 2006-11-06T04:23:48Z GnuDoyng 13 Iè-dông hiăh-miêng 1302 3439 2006-11-06T04:23:52Z GnuDoyng 13 Iè-dông hiăh-miêng 1303 2485 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default The associated talk page will be automatically moved along with it '''unless:''' *A non-empty talk page already exists under the new name, or *You uncheck the box below. In those cases, you will have to move or merge the page manually if desired. 1304 2486 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default Using the form below will rename a page, moving all of its history to the new name. The old title will become a redirect page to the new title. Links to the old page title will not be changed; be sure to check for double or broken redirects. You are responsible for making sure that links continue to point where they are supposed to go. Note that the page will '''not''' be moved if there is already a page at the new title, unless it is empty or a redirect and has no past edit history. This means that you can rename a page back to where it was just renamed from if you make a mistake, and you cannot overwrite an existing page. <b>WARNING!</b> This can be a drastic and unexpected change for a popular page; please be sure you understand the consequences of this before proceeding. 1305 2487 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default Move associated talk page 1306 2488 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default HTML if possible or else PNG 1307 2489 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default MathML if possible (experimental) 1308 2490 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default Recommended for modern browsers 1309 2491 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default Always render PNG 1310 2492 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default HTML if very simple or else PNG 1311 2493 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default Leave it as TeX (for text browsers) 1312 2494 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default all 1313 2495 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default $1 {{PLURAL:$1|byte|bytes}} 1314 2496 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default $1 {{PLURAL:$1|category|categories}} 1315 2497 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default (New) 1316 2498 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default {{int:newarticletext}} 1317 2499 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default Gallery of new files 1318 2500 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default 1319 2501 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default 1320 2502 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default ,_ 1321 2503 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default To new title 1322 3359 2006-11-03T10:57:30Z GnuDoyng 13 Ciā hiăh-miêng gà̤-dēng mò̤ ùng-cê. Nṳ̄ â̤-sāi găk gì-tă hiăh-miêng [[{{ns:special}}:Sìng-tō̤/{{PAGENAME}}|sìng-tō̤ ĭ gì biĕu-dà̤]] hĕ̤k-ciā [{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|action=edit}} cê-gă siā]. 1323 2505 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default {{int:noarticletext}} 1324 2506 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default Sorry! The wiki is experiencing some technical difficulties, and cannot contact the database server. <br /> $1 1325 2507 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default No changes were found matching these criteria. 1326 2508 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default {{SITENAME}} uses cookies to log in users. You have cookies disabled. Please enable them and try again. 1327 2509 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default The user account was created, but you are not logged in. {{SITENAME}} uses cookies to log in users. You have cookies disabled. Please enable them, then log in with your new username and password. 1328 2510 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default This site has restricted the ability to create new pages. You can go back and edit an existing page, or [[Special:Userlogin|log in or create an account]]. 1329 2511 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default Page creation limited 1330 2512 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default Creative Commons RDF metadata disabled for this server. 1331 2513 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default There is no credits info available for this page. 1332 2514 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default Could not select database $1 1333 2515 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default Dublin Core RDF metadata disabled for this server. 1334 2516 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default There is no e-mail address recorded for user "$1". 1335 2517 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default Specify an e-mail address for these features to work. 1336 2518 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default This user has not specified a valid e-mail address, or has chosen not to receive e-mail from other users. 1337 2519 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default No file by this name exists, you can $1. 1338 2520 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default Nothing to see. 1339 2521 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default None selected 1340 2522 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default No pages link to '''[[:$1]]'''. 1341 2523 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default There are no pages that link to this file. 1342 2524 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default You have not specified a valid user name. 1343 2525 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default '''Note''': Unsuccessful searches are often caused by searching for common words like "have" and "from", which are not indexed, or by specifying more than one search term (only pages containing all of the search terms will appear in the result). 1344 2526 2006-10-25T17:19:31Z MediaWiki default <strong>WARNING: Your browser is not unicode compliant. A workaround is in place to allow you to safely edit articles: non-ASCII characters will appear in the edit box as hexadecimal codes.</strong> 1345 2527 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default You have requested an invalid special page, a list of valid special pages may be found at [[{{ns:special}}:Specialpages]]. 1346 2528 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default No such action 1347 2529 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default The action specified by the URL is not recognized by the wiki 1348 2530 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default The wiki server can't provide data in a format your client can read. 1349 2531 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Not a content page 1350 2532 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default You have not specified a target page or user to perform this function on. 1351 2533 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default No target 1352 2534 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default <strong>Note:</strong> 1353 2535 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default No page text matches 1354 2536 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default No page title matches 1355 2537 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default You have to specify a username. 1356 2538 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Insert non-formatted text here 1357 2539 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Ignore wiki formatting 1358 2540 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default $1 {{PLURAL:$1|revision|revisions}} 1359 2541 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Number of distinct authors (article): $1 1360 2542 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default [$1] 1361 2543 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default [$1 watching user/s] 1362 2544 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Number of edits (article): $1 1363 2545 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Number of distinct authors (discussion page): $1 1364 2546 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Number of edits (discussion page): $1 1365 2547 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Number of watchers: $1 1366 2548 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default $1 {{PLURAL:$1|view|views}} 1367 2549 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Revision as of $1; $5<br />($6) $3 | $2 | $4 ($7) 1368 2550 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default orig 1369 2551 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Based on work by $1. 1370 2552 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default others 1371 3653 2006-11-12T10:37:05Z GnuDoyng 13 "[[$1]]" hiăh ké̤ṳk iè gáu "[[$2]]". 1372 2554 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default $1 - {{SITENAME}} 1373 2555 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Someone (probably you, from IP address $1) requested that we send you a new password for {{SITENAME}} ($4). The password for user "$2" is now "$3". You should log in and change your password now. If someone else made this request or if you have remembered your password and you no longer wish to change it, you may ignore this message and continue using your old password. 1374 2556 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Password reminder from {{SITENAME}} 1375 2557 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default A new password has been sent to the e-mail address registered for "$1". Please log in again after you receive it. 1376 2558 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Your password is too short. It must have at least $1 characters. 1377 2559 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default The following data is cached and may not be up to date. 1378 2560 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default The following data is cached, and was last updated $1. 1379 2561 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Sorry! This feature has been temporarily disabled because it slows the database down to the point that no one can use the wiki. 1380 2562 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Here is a saved copy from $1: 1381 2563 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Personal tools 1382 2564 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Popular pages 1383 2565 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default 1384 2566 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Post a comment 1385 2567 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Search 1386 2568 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Search in namespaces:<br />$1<br />$2 List redirects<br />Search for $3 $9 1387 2569 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default 1388 2570 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Prefix index 1389 2571 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default 1390 2572 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default * E-mail (optional): Enables others to contact you through your user or user_talk page without needing to reveal your identity. 1391 2573 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default This address is also used to send you e-mail notifications if you enabled the options. 1392 2574 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default * Real name (optional): if you choose to provide it this will be used for giving you attribution for your work. 1393 2575 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Number of days to show in watchlist: 1394 2576 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Number of edits to show in expanded watchlist: 1395 2577 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Not logged in 1396 2578 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default You must be [[Special:Userlogin|logged in]] to set user preferences. 1397 2579 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Preferences have been reset from storage. 1398 2580 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default This preview reflects the text in the upper text editing area as it will appear if you choose to save. 1399 3066 2006-10-30T10:23:06Z GnuDoyng 13 Káng gĕ̤ng-tiàng hiăh 1400 2582 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default (default) 1401 2583 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Block unregistered users 1402 2584 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Sysops only 1403 2585 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default You may view and change the protection level here for the page <strong>$1</strong>. 1404 2586 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Unlock move permissions 1405 2587 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Your account does not have permission to change page protection levels. Here are the current settings for the page <strong>$1</strong>: 1406 2588 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Reason for protecting 1407 2589 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default protected "[[$1]]" 1408 2590 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default This page provides interface text for the software, and is locked to prevent abuse. 1409 2591 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Protected page 1410 2592 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default <strong>WARNING: This page has been locked so that only users with sysop privileges can edit it.</strong> 1411 2593 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default This page has been locked to prevent editing. You can view and copy the source of this page: 1412 3058 2006-10-29T14:22:02Z GnuDoyng 13 Bō̤-hô nĭk-cé 1413 2595 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Below is a list of page locks and unlocks. 1414 2596 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Protect from moves only 1415 3347 2006-11-03T04:59:19Z GnuDoyng 13 (Bō̤-hô "$1") 1416 2598 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Protect this page 1417 2599 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Proxy blocker 1418 2600 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Your IP address has been blocked because it is an open proxy. Please contact your Internet service provider or tech support and inform them of this serious security problem. 1419 2601 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Done. 1420 2602 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=$1 1421 2603 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Browse 1422 2604 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Edit 1423 2605 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Find 1424 2606 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default My pages 1425 2607 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Context 1426 2608 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default This page 1427 2609 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Quickbar 1428 2610 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default The sysop ability to create range blocks is disabled. 1429 2611 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Limit to categories (separate with "|") 1430 2612 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Any 1431 2613 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default (to pages linked from "$1") 1432 2614 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Below are the changes since <b>$2</b> (up to <b>$1</b> shown). 1433 2615 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Recent Changes Patrol disabled 1434 2616 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default The Recent Changes Patrol feature is currently disabled. 1435 2617 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default $1 patrolled edits 1436 2618 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Database locked 1437 2619 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default The database has been automatically locked while the slave database servers catch up to the master 1438 2620 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default The database is currently locked to new entries and other modifications, probably for routine database maintenance, after which it will be back to normal. The administrator who locked it offered this explanation: $1 1439 2621 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Special:Recentchanges 1440 2622 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default all 1441 2623 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Titles in recent changes: 1442 3370 2006-11-03T11:25:06Z GnuDoyng 13 Găk cī hiăh dŭi-sùi wiki cī-bŏng dék sĭng gì gāi-biéng. 1443 2625 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Recreate 1444 2626 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Remove checked items from watchlist 1445 3663 2006-11-12T11:01:27Z GnuDoyng 13 "[[:$1]]" hiăh ī-gĭng téng nṳ̄ gì gáng-sê-dăng gà̤-dēng dù lâi gó̤. 1446 2628 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Removing requested items from watchlist... 1447 2629 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default {{PLURAL:$1|one deleted edit|$1 deleted edits}} 1448 2630 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Restricted special pages 1449 2631 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Retrieved from "$1" 1450 3847 2006-11-24T14:36:12Z GnuDoyng 13 Diōng kó̤ siông-diòng dăng-dăng. 1451 2633 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default (comment removed) 1452 2634 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default <div class="mw-warning plainlinks"> This page revision has been removed from the public archives. There may be details in the [{{fullurl:Special:Log/delete|page={{PAGENAMEE}}}} deletion log]. </div> 1453 2635 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default <div class="mw-warning plainlinks"> This page revision has been removed from the public archives. As an administrator on this site you can view it; there may be details in the [{{fullurl:Special:Log/delete|page={{PAGENAMEE}}}} deletion log]. </div> 1454 2636 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default (username removed) 1455 2637 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Hide edit comment 1456 2638 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Apply these restrictions to sysops as well as others 1457 2639 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Hide revision text 1458 2640 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Hide editor's username/IP 1459 2641 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Set revision restrictions: 1460 2642 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Log comment: 1461 2643 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default changed revision visibility for [[$1]] 1462 2644 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default You have not specified target revision or revisions to perform this function on. 1463 2645 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default No target revision 1464 2646 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Selected revision of [[:$1]]: 1465 2647 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Apply to selected revision 1466 2648 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Deleted revisions will still appear in the page history, but their text contents will be inaccessible to the public. Other admins on this wiki will still be able to access the hidden content and can undelete it again through this same interface, unless an additional restriction is placed by the site operators. 1467 2649 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Reverted to earlier revision 1468 2650 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default rev 1469 2651 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default revert 1470 3900 2006-11-27T16:16:48Z GnuDoyng 13 [[Special:Contributions/$2|$2]] ([[User_talk:$2|Talk]]) sū có̤ gì siŭ-gāi diōng kó̤ [[User:$1|$1]] gì sèng 1 bĭk bēng-buōng 1471 2653 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Revision history 1472 2654 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Delete/undelete revisions 1473 2655 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Revision not found 1474 2656 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default The old revision of the page you asked for could not be found. Please check the URL you used to access this page. 1475 2657 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc$1.txt 1476 2658 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Rights: 1477 2659 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default User rights log 1478 2660 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default changed group membership for $1 from $2 to $3 1479 2661 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default This is a log of changes to user rights. 1480 2662 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default (none) 1481 3793 2006-11-19T02:22:19Z GnuDoyng 13 Niông siŭ-gāi diōng kó̤ 1482 3790 2006-11-19T02:17:37Z GnuDoyng 13 Diōng 1483 3789 2006-11-19T02:17:26Z GnuDoyng 13 Diōng mâ̤ kó̤ 1484 3792 2006-11-19T02:19:16Z GnuDoyng 13 diōng 1485 2667 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Rows: 1486 2668 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Save User Groups 1487 2669 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default [Interwiki transcluding is disabled] 1488 2670 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default [Template fetch failed for $1; sorry] 1489 2671 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default [URL is too long; sorry] 1490 2672 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Search for articles containing ''$1''. 1491 2673 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default {{SITENAME}} search is disabled. You can search via Google in the meantime. Note that their indexes of {{SITENAME}} content may be out of date. 1492 2674 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Search full text 1493 2675 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Search for articles named ''$1''. 1494 3610 2006-11-10T17:24:14Z GnuDoyng 13 Nṳ̄ sìng-tō̤ '''[[:$1]]''' 1495 2677 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default You searched for '''$1''' 1496 2678 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default → 1497 2679 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Select a newer version for comparison 1498 2680 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Select an older version for comparison 1499 2681 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Source and destination titles are the same; can't move a page over itself. 1500 3389 2006-11-04T04:56:30Z GnuDoyng 13 '''Cé̤ṳ-é:''' Ciā hiăh-miêng ī-gĭng ké̤ṳk bō̤-hô gó-chṳ̄ nâ ô láuk-diē gì ê̤ṳng-hô â̤-sāi siŭ-gāi ĭ. 1501 2683 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default <strong>Sorry! We could not process your edit due to a loss of session data. Please try again. If it still doesn't work, try logging out and logging back in.</strong> 1502 2684 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default <strong>Sorry! We could not process your edit due to a loss of session data.</strong> ''Because this wiki has raw HTML enabled, the preview is hidden as a precaution against JavaScript attacks.'' <strong>If this is a legitimate edit attempt, please try again. If it still doesn't work, try logging out and logging back in.</strong> 1503 2685 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default There seems to be a problem with your login session; this action has been canceled as a precaution against session hijacking. Please hit "back" and reload the page you came from, then try again. 1504 2686 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default <b>User rights for "$1" could not be set. (Did you enter the name correctly?)</b> 1505 2687 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Set user rights 1506 2688 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Set bureaucrat flag 1507 2689 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default - 1508 2690 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default This file is a shared upload and may be used by other projects. 1509 2691 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Please see the $1 for further information. 1510 2692 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default file description page 1511 2693 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default 1512 2694 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Showing below up to <b>$1</b> results starting with #<b>$2</b>. 1513 2695 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Showing below <b>$3</b> results starting with #<b>$2</b>. 1514 2696 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Show last $1 files sorted $2. 1515 2697 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Live preview 1516 2698 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default * navigation ** mainpage|mainpage ** portal-url|portal ** currentevents-url|currentevents ** recentchanges-url|recentchanges ** randompage-url|randompage ** helppage|help ** sitesupport-url|sitesupport 1517 2699 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Your signature with timestamp 1518 2700 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default {{int:loginend}} 1519 3990 2006-12-19T13:37:03Z GnuDoyng 13 Chiāng diŏng [http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=CharisSIL_download#FontsDownload Charis SIL cê-tā̤], cê-mō̤ ciáh â̤ ciáng-siòng hiēng-sê.<br>For normal display of characters, please install [http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=CharisSIL_download#FontsDownload Charis SIL font]. 1520 2702 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default 1521 2703 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default {{SITENAME}} 1522 2704 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default {{SITENAME}} user $1 1523 2705 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default {{SITENAME}} user(s) $1 1524 2706 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default (Preview) 1525 2707 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default SORBS DNSBL 1526 2708 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Your IP address is listed as an open proxy in the [http://www.sorbs.net SORBS] DNSBL. You cannot create an account 1527 2709 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Your IP address is listed as an open proxy in the [http://www.sorbs.net SORBS] DNSBL. 1528 3629 2006-11-11T07:38:22Z GnuDoyng 13 Nguòng-sṳ̄ ùng-giông-miàng 1529 2711 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Show new images starting from $1 1530 2712 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default All revisions contained links to $1, blanking 1531 2713 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Reverting to last version not containing links to $1 1532 2714 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default MediaWiki spam cleanup 1533 2715 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default The following text is what triggered our spam filter: $1 1534 2716 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default The page you wanted to save was blocked by the spam filter. This is probably caused by a link to an external site. 1535 2717 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Spam protection filter 1536 2718 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default 1537 2719 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Special pages for all users 1538 2720 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default (SQL query hidden) 1539 2721 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Most viewed pages 1540 2722 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Stored version 1541 2723 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Threshold for stub display: 1542 3073 2006-10-30T10:35:11Z GnuDoyng 13 Cṳ̄-lôi-biék 1543 3369 2006-11-03T11:20:06Z GnuDoyng 13 Ciā lôi-biék â-dā̤ gê̤ṳng-cūng ô $1 bĭk cṳ̄-lôi-biék. 1544 3849 2006-11-24T14:53:38Z GnuDoyng 13 Siông-diòng sìng-gŭng 1545 2727 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default First page 1546 2728 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Last page 1547 2729 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Show $1 items per page 1548 2730 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Next page 1549 2731 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Previous page 1550 3850 2006-11-24T16:15:24Z GnuDoyng 13 Lài-nguòng: {{SITENAME}} 1551 2733 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default '''The page itself was moved successfully, but the talk page could not be moved because one already exists at the new title. Please merge them manually.''' 1552 2734 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Discuss this page 1553 2735 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default The corresponding talk page was also moved. 1554 2736 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default The corresponding talk page was <strong>not</strong> moved. 1555 2737 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default <!-- MediaWiki:talkpagetext --> 1556 2738 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default View template page 1557 2739 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Editing 1558 2740 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Page text matches 1559 2741 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default View or restore $1? 1560 2742 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default A password reminder has already been sent, within the last $1 hours. To prevent abuse, only one password reminder will be sent per $1 hours. 1561 2743 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Enlarge 1562 2744 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Error creating thumbnail: $1 1563 2745 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Thumbnail size: 1564 2746 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Article title matches 1565 2747 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Mark edits I make as patrolled 1566 2748 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Edit pages on double click (JavaScript) 1567 2749 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Enable section editing via [edit] links 1568 2750 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Enable section editing by right clicking<br /> on section titles (JavaScript) 1569 2751 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Edit box has full width 1570 2752 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default E-mail me also for minor edits of pages 1571 2753 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Reveal my e-mail address in notification mails 1572 2754 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default E-mail me when my user talk page is changed 1573 2755 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default E-mail me when a page I'm watching is changed 1574 2756 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Expand watchlist to show all applicable changes 1575 2757 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Use external diff by default 1576 2758 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Use external editor by default 1577 2759 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Prompt me when entering a blank edit summary 1578 2760 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Hide minor edits in recent changes 1579 2761 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Format broken links <a href="" class="new">like this</a> (alternative: like this<a href="" class="internal">?</a>). 1580 2762 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Justify paragraphs 1581 2763 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Mark all edits minor by default 1582 2764 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Disable page caching 1583 2765 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Disable variants conversion 1584 2766 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Auto-number headings 1585 2767 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Show preview on first edit 1586 2768 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Show preview before edit box 1587 2769 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Enable "jump to" accessibility links 1588 2770 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Show the number of watching users 1589 2771 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Show table of contents (for pages with more than 3 headings) 1590 2772 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Show edit toolbar (JavaScript) 1591 2773 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Underline links: 1592 2774 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Use live preview (JavaScript) (Experimental) 1593 2775 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Enhanced recent changes (JavaScript) 1594 2776 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default See the differences between the two selected versions of this page. [alt-v] 1595 2777 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Show which changes you made to the text. [alt-v] 1596 2778 2006-10-25T17:19:32Z MediaWiki default Mark this as a minor edit [alt-i] 1597 2779 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default Preview your changes, please use this before saving! [alt-p] 1598 2780 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default Recreate the page despite it has been deleted 1599 2781 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default ; $4$5 : [$2 $1] 1600 2782 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default <div id="mw_trackbacks"> Trackbacks for this article:<br /> $1 </div> 1601 2783 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default The trackback was successfully deleted. 1602 2784 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default ; $4$5 : [$2 $1]: <nowiki>$3</nowiki> 1603 2785 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default Trackback 1604 2786 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default ([$1 Delete]) 1605 2787 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default Try exact match 1606 2788 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default View the last $1 changes; view the last $2 days. 1607 2789 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default Below are this user's last <b>$1</b> changes in the last <b>$2</b> days. 1608 2790 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default (top) 1609 2791 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default Use the form below to restore write access to a previously blocked IP address or username. 1610 2792 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default unblocked $1 1611 2793 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default Uncategorized categories 1612 2794 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default 1613 2795 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default Uncategorized images 1614 2796 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default 1615 2797 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default Uncategorized pages 1616 2798 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default 1617 2799 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default View deleted pages 1618 2800 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default Undelete {{PLURAL:$1|one edit|$1 edits}} 1619 2801 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default Restore deleted page 1620 2802 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default Restore 1621 2803 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default Comment: 1622 2804 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default restored "[[$1]]" 1623 2805 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default $1 file(s) restored 1624 2806 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default <big>'''$1 has been restored'''</big> Consult the [[Special:Log/delete|deletion log]] for a record of recent deletions and restorations. 1625 2807 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default $1 revisions restored 1626 2808 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default $1 revisions and $2 file(s) restored 1627 2809 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default To restore the entire page, leave all checkboxes deselected and click '''''Restore'''''. To perform a selective restoration, check the boxes corresponding to the revisions to be restored, and click '''''Restore'''''. Clicking '''''Reset''''' will clear the comment field and all checkboxes. 1628 2810 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default If you restore the page, all revisions will be restored to the history. If a new page with the same name has been created since the deletion, the restored revisions will appear in the prior history, and the current revision of the live page will not be automatically replaced. 1629 2811 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default This article has been deleted. The reason for deletion is shown in the summary below, along with details of the users who had edited this page before deletion. The actual text of these deleted revisions is only available to administrators. 1630 2812 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default View and restore deleted pages 1631 2813 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default The following pages have been deleted but are still in the archive and can be restored. The archive may be periodically cleaned out. 1632 2814 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default Reset 1633 2815 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default $1 revisions archived 1634 2816 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default Always 1635 2817 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default Browser default 1636 2818 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default Never 1637 2819 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default Unexpected value: "$1"="$2". 1638 2820 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default px 1639 2821 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default Yes, I really want to unlock the database. 1640 2822 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default Unlock database 1641 2823 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default Database lock removed 1642 2824 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default The database has been unlocked. 1643 2825 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default Unlocking the database will restore the ability of all users to edit pages, change their preferences, edit their watchlists, and other things requiring changes in the database. Please confirm that this is what you intend to do. 1644 3051 2006-10-29T14:07:25Z GnuDoyng 13 ng-sāi bō̤-hô 1645 3052 2006-10-29T14:07:47Z GnuDoyng 13 Ng-sāi bō̤-hô gì nguòng-ĭng 1646 2828 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default unprotected "[[$1]]" 1647 2829 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default (Unprotecting "$1") 1648 2830 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default Unprotect this page 1649 2831 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default Unused categories 1650 2832 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default The following category pages exist although no other article or category make use of them. 1651 2833 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default Unused files 1652 2834 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default <p>Please note that other web sites may link to an image with a direct URL, and so may still be listed here despite being in active use.</p> 1653 2835 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default Unused templates 1654 2836 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default 1655 2837 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default This page lists all pages in the template namespace which are not included in another page. Remember to check for other links to the templates before deleting them. 1656 2838 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default 1657 2839 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default Stop watching 1658 2840 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default (Updated) 1659 2841 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default updated since my last visit 1660 2842 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default The upload directory ($1) is not writable by the webserver. 1661 2843 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default (a file on your computer) 1662 2844 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default (a valid, publicly accessible URL) 1663 2845 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default The file is corrupt or has an incorrect extension. Please check the file and upload again. 1664 2846 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default Uploads disabled 1665 2847 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default File uploads are disabled on this wiki. 1666 3348 2006-11-03T05:01:15Z GnuDoyng 13 siông-diòng "[[$1]]" 1667 3349 2006-11-03T05:02:00Z GnuDoyng 13 Siông-diòng ô dâng 1668 2850 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default This file contains HTML or script code that may be erroneously be interpreted by a web browser. 1669 3967 2006-12-13T12:08:07Z GnuDoyng 13 Buóh siông-diòng ùng-giông ng-sê? Dīng siŏh dīng! # [http://commons.wikimedia.org/ Wikimedia Gê̤ṳng-hiōng] gà̤-dēng ô cêng sâ̤ cê̤ṳ-iù bēng-guòng gì cṳ̆-nguòng. Chiāng nṳ̄ ciék-iók kŭng-găng, sĕng kó̤ huāi-nē̤ sìng-tō̤, nâ tō̤ diŏh gì uâ cêu ng-sāi siông-diòng gáu Bàng-uâ Wikipedia. # Giók-é siông-diòng cĭ sèng, '''chiāng nṳ̄ káuk-nêng ciā ùng-giông mò̤ sêu bēng-guòng bō̤-hô!''' Chiāng nṳ̄ sĕng liēu-gāi sié-nó̤h sê [[Project:Bēng-guòng|bēng-guòng]], gái nêng-cĭng siā hō̤ â-dā̤ gì dăng-dăng. Nàng-gă â̤ sīng-hŏk ĭ, mò̤ hăk biĕu-cūng gì ùng-giông â̤ ké̤ṳk tài lâi. # Buóh ciŏng dù-sióng ùng-giông gă-tiĕng gáu ùng-ciŏng diē-lié, chiāng áng â-dā̤ gáh-sék siā:<br />'''<nowiki>[[{{ns:image}}:Dù-sióng.jpg]]</nowiki>'''<br />'''<nowiki>[[{{ns:image}}:Dù-sióng.png|ùng-cê]]</nowiki>'''<br />Buóh gă-tiĕng siăng-ĭng ùng-giông, chiāng áng â-dā̤ gáh-sék siā:<br />'''<nowiki>[[{{ns:media}}:Siăng-ĭng.ogg]]</nowiki>''', cūng-kuāng cêu â̤ dĭk-ciék páh kŭi ciā ùng-giông. # Buóh káng ī-sèng siông-diòng gì ciòng-buô ùng-giông, chiāng chăng-kō̤ [[Special:Imagelist|ùng-giông dăng-dăng]] gâe̤ng [[Special:Log/upload|Siông-diòng nĭk-cé]]. 1670 2852 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default <b>User rights for "$1" updated</b> 1671 2853 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default <strong>Tip:</strong> Use the 'Show preview' button to test your new CSS/JS before saving. 1672 2854 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default '''Remember that you are only previewing your user CSS, it has not yet been saved!''' 1673 2855 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default Username entered already in use. Please choose a different name. 1674 2856 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default '''Warning:''' There is no skin "$1". Remember that custom .css and .js pages use a lowercase title, e.g. User:Foo/monobook.css as opposed to User:Foo/Monobook.css. 1675 2857 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default '''Remember that you are only testing/previewing your user JavaScript, it has not yet been saved!''' 1676 2858 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default Mail object returned error: 1677 2859 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default View user page 1678 2860 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default User rights management 1679 2861 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default Edit user groups 1680 2862 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default Available groups: 1681 2863 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default Select groups you want the user to be removed from or added to. Unselected groups will not be changed. You can deselect a group with CTRL + Left Click 1682 2864 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default Member of: 1683 2865 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default Manage user groups 1684 2866 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default 1685 2867 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default Enter a username: 1686 2868 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default kk 1687 2869 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default kk-cn 1688 2870 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default kk-kz 1689 2871 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default kk-tr 1690 2872 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default sr 1691 2873 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default sr-ec 1692 2874 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default sr-el 1693 2875 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default sr-jc 1694 2876 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default sr-jl 1695 2877 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default zh 1696 2878 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default cn 1697 2879 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default hk 1698 2880 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default sg 1699 2881 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default tw 1700 2882 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default Version 1701 2883 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default Version $1 of MediaWiki required 1702 2884 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default Version $1 of MediaWiki is required to use this page. See [[Special:Version]] 1703 2885 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default This page has been accessed {{plural:$1|one time|$1 times}}. 1704 2886 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default View $1? 1705 3884 2006-11-26T06:06:24Z GnuDoyng 13 Káng cī miêng hiăh gì nĭk-cé 1706 3885 2006-11-26T06:07:55Z GnuDoyng 13 Káng ($1) ($2) ($3). 1707 2889 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default Views 1708 2890 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default Wanted categories 1709 2891 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default 1710 2892 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default Wanted pages 1711 2893 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default 1712 2894 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default * {{PLURAL:$1|$1 page|$1 pages}} watched not counting talk pages * [[Special:Watchlist/edit|Show and edit complete watchlist]] * [[Special:Watchlist/clear|Remove all pages]] 1713 2895 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default Here's an alphabetical list of your watched content pages. Check the boxes of pages you want to remove from your watchlist and click the 'remove checked' button at the bottom of the screen (deleting a content page also deletes the accompanying talk page and vice versa). 1714 2896 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default all 1715 2897 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default all 1716 2898 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default Please $1 to view or edit items on your watchlist. 1717 2899 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default Clear watchlist 1718 2900 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default Your watchlist has been cleared. {{PLURAL:$1|$1 item was|$1 items were}} removed. 1719 2901 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default Are you sure you wish to remove them? 1720 2902 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default Your watchlist contains $1 pages. 1721 2903 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default '''You have {{PLURAL:$1|$1 item|$1 items}} on your watchlist, including talk pages.''' 1722 2904 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default (for '''$1''') 1723 2905 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default checking watched pages for recent edits 1724 2906 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default checking recent edits for watched pages 1725 2907 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default None of your watched items was edited in the time period displayed. 1726 3893 2006-11-26T06:52:11Z GnuDoyng 13 Mò̤ láuk diē 1727 2909 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default You must be [[Special:Userlogin|logged in]] to modify your watchlist. 1728 2910 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default &lt; 1729 2911 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default 1730 2912 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default To be allowed to create accounts in this Wiki you have to [[Special:Userlogin|log]] in and have the appropriate permissions. 1731 2913 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default You are not allowed to create an account 1732 2914 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default You have to $1 to edit pages. 1733 2915 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default Login required to edit 1734 2916 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default You have to [[Special:Userlogin|login]] to read pages. 1735 2917 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default Login required to read 1736 2918 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default $1×$2 1737 2919 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default Done. 1738 2920 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default * E-mail notification is enabled. 1739 2921 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default * Pages which have been changed since you last visited them are shown in '''bold''' 1740 2922 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default $1 bot edits 1741 2923 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default $1 my edits 1742 2924 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default Below are the last $1 changes in the last <b>$2</b> hours. 1743 2925 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default This is a saved version of your watchlist. 1744 2926 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default Incorrect parameters to wfQuery()<br /> Function: $1<br /> Query: $2 1745 2927 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default You have new messages on $1 1746 2928 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default Your domain 1747 2929 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default Your text 1748 2930 2006-10-25T17:19:33Z MediaWiki default Variant 1749 3862 2006-11-26T04:51:18Z GnuDoyng 13 [[Image:Anglospeak.png|thumb|300px|Ĭng-ngṳ̄ diŏh sié-gái siông|right]] '''Ĭng-ngṳ̄''' (英語) kī-nguòng găh [[Ĭng-guók]], hiêng-káik-sì ô 1 piĕ [[guók-gă]] gâe̤ng dê-kṳ̆ sāi Ĭng-ngṳ̄ có̤ [[guăng-huŏng ngṳ̄-ngiòng]], gó ô iā sâ̤ guók-gă ciong Ĭng-ngṳ̄ diâng có̤ [[dâ̤-nê ngṳ̄-ngiòng]]. Ĭng-ngṳ̄ sê góng sié-gái sāi-ê̤ṳng huōng-ùi dék kuák gì ngṳ̄-ngiòng. Góng sié-gái dâi-mō̤ ô 3 é 5,400 uâng nè̤ng kĕk Ĭng-ngṳ̄ có̤ [[dâ̤-ék ngṳ̄-ngiòng]]. Kĕk Ĭng-ngṳ̄ có̤ [[dâ̤-nê ngṳ̄-ngiòng]] gì ìng-kēu ô 1 é 5,000 uâng gáu 15 é. Ĭng-ngṳ̄ iâ sê [[Lièng-hăk-guók]] guŏng-huŏng ngṳ̄-ngiòng cĭ ék. ==Lĭk-sṳ̄== Ĭng-ngṳ̄ sê téng gū-cā [[Ăng-gáh-lò̤ Sák-sŏng]] (Anglo-Saxons) mìng-cŭk gōng gì [[gū Ĭng-ngṳ̄]] iēng-biéng siàng gì, sê [[Gé-ī-màng Ngṳ̄-cŭk|Să̤ Gé-ī-màng Ngṳ̄-cŭk]] (Western Germanic language) gì 1 cṳ̄ng. Gó-chṳ̄ gĭng-dáng gì Ĭng-ngṳ̄ [[ngṳ̄-huák]] duâi-buô-hông dŭ gâe̤ng gì-tă [[Gé-ì-màng]] ngṳ̄-ngiòng cĭng chiông (bī-ê̤ṳ-gōng [[Hò̤-làng-ngṳ̄]] gâe̤ng [[Dáik-ngṳ̄]]). 11 sié-gī, [[Huák-guók]] [[Nò̤-màng-dī|Nò̤-màng-dī-nè̤ng]] (Normans) chĭng-huâng Ĭng-guók, ciŏng [[Huák-ngṳ̄]] gâe̤ng [[Lá-dĭng-ngṳ̄]] dái gáu Ĭng-guók, sū-ī hiêng-dô̤i Ĭng-ngṳ̄ iâ ô cĭng sâ̤ [[Lá-dĭng Ngṳ̄-cŭk]] dăng-sṳ̀. Gê̤ṳng-dô̤i [[gĕ̤ng-ngiĕk gáik-mêng]] ī-hâiu, Ĭng-ngṳ̄ tié Ĭng-guók gì gŭng-dôi diòng gáu hāi-nguôi gì [[Sĭk-mìng-ciō-ngiê|sĭk-mìng-dê]], mâing-mâing biéng siàng sié-gái dék sì-hèng gì ngṳ̄-ngiòng. {{Interwiki|code=en}} [[Category:Ngṳ̄-ngiòng|I]] [[af:Engels (taal)]] [[als:Englische Sprache]] [[am:እንግሊዝኛ]] [[ang:Nīwu Englisc sprǣc]] [[ar:لغة إنجليزية]] [[an:Idioma anglés]] [[ast:Inglés]] [[az:İngilis dili]] [[zh-min-nan:Eng-gí]] [[be:Ангельская мова]] [[bs:Engleski jezik]] [[br:Saozneg]] [[bg:Английски език]] [[ca:Anglès]] [[cv:Акăлчан чĕлхи]] [[cs:Angličtina]] [[cy:Saesneg]] [[da:Engelsk (sprog)]] [[pdc:Englisch]] [[de:Englische Sprache]] [[arc:ܠܫܢܐ ܕܐܢܓܠܝܼܣ]] [[nv:Bilagáana bizaad]] [[en:English language]] [[et:Inglise keel]] [[el:Αγγλική γλώσσα]] [[es:Idioma inglés]] [[eo:Angla lingvo]] [[eu:Ingeles]] [[fa:زبان انگلیسی]] [[fo:Enskt mál]] [[fr:Anglais]] [[fy:Ingelsk]] [[fur:Lenghe inglese]] [[ga:Béarla]] [[gv:Baarle]] [[gd:A' Bheurla]] [[gl:Lingua inglesa]] [[gu:અંગ્રેજી ભાષા]] [[got:𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌹𐌻𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌶𐌳𐌰]] [[ko:영어]] [[hy:Անգլերեն]] [[hi:अंग्रेज़ी]] [[hr:Engleski jezik]] [[io:Angliana linguo]] [[ilo:Pagsasao nga English]] [[id:Bahasa Inggris]] [[ia:Anglese]] [[iu:ᖃᓪᓗᓈᑎᑐᑦ]] [[xh:IsiNgesi]] [[is:Enska]] [[it:Lingua inglese]] [[he:אנגלית]] [[jv:Basa Inggris]] [[ka:ინგლისური ენა]] [[kw:Sowsnek]] [[sw:Kiingereza]] [[ku:Zimanê îngilîzî]] [[la:Lingua Anglica]] [[lv:Angļu valoda]] [[lb:Englesch]] [[lt:Anglų kalba]] [[li:Ingels]] [[ln:Lingɛlɛ́sa]] [[jbo:glibau]] [[hu:Angol nyelv]] [[mk:Англиски јазик]] [[mg:Fiteny anglisy]] [[mi:Reo Ingarihi]] [[ms:Bahasa Inggeris]] [[nah:Inglatlahtōlli]] [[nl:Engels]] [[nds-nl:Ingels]] [[ja:英語]] [[nap:Lengua ngrese]] [[no:Engelsk språk]] [[nn:Engelsk språk]] [[nrm:Angliais]] [[oc:Anglés]] [[ug:ئىنگلىز تىلى]] [[pi:Āngalabhāsā]] [[nds:Engelsche Spraak]] [[pl:Język angielski]] [[pt:Língua inglesa]] [[ro:Limba engleză]] [[rm:Lingua englaisa]] [[ru:Английский язык]] [[se:Eaŋgalsgiella]] [[sco:Inglis leid]] [[st:Senyesemane]] [[sq:Gjuha Angleze]] [[scn:Lingua ngrisa]] [[simple:English language]] [[sk:Angličtina]] [[sl:Angleščina]] [[so:Ingiriis]] [[sr:Енглески језик]] [[sh:Engleski jezik]] [[fi:Englannin kieli]] [[sv:Engelska]] [[tl:Wikang Ingles]] [[ta:ஆங்கிலம்]] [[th:ภาษาอังกฤษ]] [[vi:Tiếng Anh]] [[tg:Забони англисӣ]] [[tpi:Tok Inglis]] [[chr:ᎩᎵᏏ (ᎦᏬᏂᎯᏍᏗ)]] [[tr:İngilizce]] [[tk:Iňlisçe]] [[uk:Англійська мова]] [[zh-yue:英語]] [[zh:英语]] 1750 3208 2006-10-31T18:48:04Z Dcljr 31 Category:Ê̤ṳng-hô + interwiki to en: [[Category:Ê̤ṳng-hô]] [[en:Category:User en]] 1751 2960 2006-10-28T00:59:33Z Dcljr 31 cat:User cdo [[Category:User cdo]] 1752 2962 2006-10-28T01:04:07Z Dcljr 31 category:User cdo [[Category:User cdo]] 1753 2963 2006-10-28T01:04:09Z Dcljr 31 category:User cdo [[Category:User cdo]] 1754 2964 2006-10-28T01:04:11Z Dcljr 31 category:User cdo [[Category:User cdo]] 1755 2965 2006-10-28T01:07:40Z Dcljr 31 Category:User en [[Category:User en]] 1756 2970 2006-10-28T01:14:50Z Dcljr 31 Category:User en [[Category:User en]] 1757 2971 2006-10-28T01:14:52Z Dcljr 31 Category:User en [[Category:User en]] 1758 2988 2006-10-28T12:54:56Z Chbu 19 '''Guók-gă''' (國家) găh [[Dê-lī|dê-lī-hŏk]] gâe̤ng [[Céng-dê|céng-dê-hŏk]] gà̤-dēng gì dêng-ngiê sê „1 piéng dê-lī līng-tū“. Sṳ̀-diēng gà̤-dēng iòng-dŏng-diè â̤ dêng-ngiê có̤: "''siŏh ciáh nè̤ng chók-sié, buók-duâi, sĕng-uăk gì tū-dê; siŏh ciáh céng-dê-tā̤ hĕ̤k-ciā mìng-cŭk gì līng-tū''". ==Gâe̤ng Să̤-huŏng kái-niêng gì chă-biék== [[Să̤-huŏng]] [[ngṳ̄-ngiòng]] diē-lié biēu-dăk [[Háng-ngṳ̄]] '''guók-gă''' kái-niêng gì sṳ̀ ng-nié 1 bih. O̤h [[Ĭng-ngṳ̄]] liông, ô "''country''", "''state''" gâe̤ng "''nation''". Gāng-dăng gōng, "''country''" sê [[Dê-lī|dê-lī-séng]] gì, "''state''" sê [[Céng-dê|céng-dê-séng]] gì, "''nation''" sê [[ùng-huá]] gâe̤ng [[Mìng-cŭk|mìng-cŭk-séng]] gì. Duâi-buô-hông [[céng-hū]] ôi lāu bō̤-céng ĭ [[ìng-mìng]] [[Nêng-dùng|guók-gă nêng-dùng]] gì tūng-ék, dé̤ṳng-é "''nation-state''" gì kái-niêng. Bī-ê̤ṳ chiông [[Dṳ̆ng-guók]] céng-hū cêu siŏng-diòng sū-iū Dṳ̆ng-guók-nè̤ng dŭ sṳ̆k [[Dṳ̆ng-huà mìng-cŭk]]. Dáng-sê ĭng-ôi lĭk-sṳ̄ gâe̤ng hiêng-dô̤i iè-mìng gì nguòng-ĭng, iù cṳ̄ng-cŭk hiĕk-tūng uòng-ciòng siŏh-iông gì nè̤ng cū-siàng gì guók-gă sĭk-cié mò̤ còng-câi. ==Chăng-kō̤== * [[:Category:Guók-gă|Guók-gă liĕk-dăng]] [[Category:Céng-dê]] [[ar:بلد]] [[ast:País]] [[bn:দেশ]] [[zh-min-nan:Kok-ka]] [[be:Краіна]] [[bg:Държава]] [[ca:Estat]] [[cs:Stát]] [[de:Land]] [[el:χώρα]] [[en:Country]] [[es:País]] [[eo:Lando]] [[fr:Pays]] [[fy:Steat]] [[ff:Leydi]] [[ga:Tír]] [[ko:나라]] [[hi:देश]] [[ilo:Pagilian]] [[id:Negara]] [[it:Paese]] [[he:מדינה]] [[ka:ქვეყანა]] [[kn:ದೇಶ]] [[hu:Ország]] [[mi:Rārangi whenua]] [[ms:Negara (geografi)]] [[nah:Altepetl]] [[na:Eb]] [[nl:Land]] [[ja:国家]] [[no:Land]] [[nds:Land]] [[pl:Państwo]] [[pt:País]] [[rmy:Them]] [[ro:Ţară]] [[ru:Страна]] [[simple:Country]] [[sl:Država]] [[sr:Држава]] [[sv:Land]] [[th:ประเทศ]] [[vi:Quốc gia]] [[tpi:kantri]] [[tr:Ülke]] [[ur:ملک]] [[zh:国家]] 1759 2993 2006-10-28T13:42:45Z GnuDoyng 13 Dṳ̀ng-sĭng dêng-hióng gáu [[Huák-ngṳ̄]] #REDIRECT [[Huák-ngṳ̄]] 1760 2994 2006-10-28T13:43:28Z GnuDoyng 13 Dṳ̀ng-sĭng dêng-hióng gáu [[Ĭng-ngṳ̄]] #REDIRECT [[Ĭng-ngṳ̄]] 1761 3325 2006-11-01T21:18:20Z Dcljr 31 includeonly before noinclude {{Bă-biĕk ngṳ̄-ngiòng-M| letter code size=1.2em| letter code=<span lang="vi">[[Uŏk-nàng-ngṳ̄|vi]]</span>| text size=0.83em| text=<span lang="vi">Thành viên này sử dụng '''[[:Category:User vi|tiếng Việt]]''' như ngôn ngữ '''[[:Category:User vi-M|mẹ đẻ]]'''.</span>}}<includeonly>[[Category:User vi|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User vi-M|{{PAGENAME}}]]</includeonly><noinclude> [[Category:User vi| M]][[Category:User vi-M| M]]</noinclude> 1762 3328 2006-11-01T21:20:35Z Dcljr 31 includeonly/noinclude categories {{Bă-biĕk ngṳ̄-ngiòng-3| letter code size=1.2em| letter code=<span lang="vi">[[Uŏk-nàng-ngṳ̄|vi]]</span>| text size=0.83em| text=<span lang="vi">Thành viên này sử dụng '''[[:Category:User vi|tiếng Việt]]''' với trình độ '''[[:Category:User vi-3|lưu loát]]'''.</span>}}<includeonly>[[Category:User vi|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User vi-3|{{PAGENAME}}]]</includeonly><noinclude> [[Category:User vi| 3]][[Category:User vi-3| 3]]</noinclude> 1763 3327 2006-11-01T21:20:33Z Dcljr 31 includeonly/noinclude categories {{Bă-biĕk ngṳ̄-ngiòng-2| letter code size=1.2em| letter code=<span lang="vi">[[Uŏk-nàng-ngṳ̄|vi]]</span>| text size=0.83em| text=<span lang="vi">Thành viên này sử dụng '''[[:Category:User vi|tiếng Việt]]''' với trình độ '''[[:Category:User vi-2|trung bình]]'''.</span>}}<includeonly>[[Category:User vi|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User vi-2|{{PAGENAME}}]]</includeonly><noinclude> [[Category:User vi| 2]][[Category:User vi-2| 2]]</noinclude> 1764 3326 2006-11-01T21:20:31Z Dcljr 31 includeonly/noinclude categories {{Bă-biĕk ngṳ̄-ngiòng-1| letter code size=1.2em| letter code=<span lang="vi">[[Uŏk-nàng-ngṳ̄|vi]]</span>| text size=0.83em| text=<span lang="vi">Thành viên này sử dụng '''[[:Category:User vi|tiếng Việt]]''' với trình độ '''[[:Category:User vi-1|cơ bản]]'''.</span>}}<includeonly>[[Category:User vi|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User vi-1|{{PAGENAME}}]]</includeonly><noinclude> [[Category:User vi| 1]][[Category:User vi-1| 1]]</noinclude> 1765 3313 2006-11-01T21:01:49Z Dcljr 31 newline {{Bă-biĕk ngṳ̄-ngiòng-M| letter code size=1.2em| letter code=<span lang="ko">[[Dièu-siēng-ngṳ̄|ko]]</span>| text size=0.83em| text=<span lang="ko">사용자는 '''[[:Category:User ko|한국어]]'''가 '''[[:Category:User ko-M|모국어]]'''입니다.</span>}}<includeonly>[[Category:User ko|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User ko-M|{{PAGENAME}}]]</includeonly><noinclude> [[Category:User ko| M]][[Category:User ko-M| M]]</noinclude> 1766 3310 2006-11-01T21:00:57Z Dcljr 31 includeonly before noinclude {{Bă-biĕk ngṳ̄-ngiòng-3| letter code size=1.2em| letter code=<span lang="ko">[[Dièu-siēng-ngṳ̄|ko]]</span>| text size=0.83em| text=<span lang="ko">사용자는 '''[[:Category:User ko|한국어]]'''를 '''[[:Category:User ko-3|유창]]'''하게 말할 수 있습니다.</span>}}<includeonly>[[Category:User ko|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User ko-3|{{PAGENAME}}]]</includeonly><noinclude> [[Category:User ko| 3]][[Category:User ko-3| 3]]</noinclude> 1767 3312 2006-11-01T21:01:24Z Dcljr 31 includeonly before noinclude {{Bă-biĕk ngṳ̄-ngiòng-2| letter code size=1.2em| letter code=<span lang="ko">[[Dièu-siēng-ngṳ̄|ko]]</span>| text size=0.83em| text=<span lang="ko">사용자는 '''[[:Category:User ko|한국어]]'''를 '''[[:Category:User ko-2|어느 정도]]''' 말할 수 있습니다.</span>}}<includeonly>[[Category:User ko|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User ko-2|{{PAGENAME}}]]</includeonly><noinclude> [[Category:User ko| 2]][[Category:User ko-2| 2]]</noinclude> 1768 3311 2006-11-01T21:01:22Z Dcljr 31 includeonly before noinclude {{Bă-biĕk ngṳ̄-ngiòng-1| letter code size=1.2em| letter code=<span lang="ko">[[Dièu-siēng-ngṳ̄|ko]]</span>| text size=0.83em| text=<span lang="ko">사용자는 '''[[:Category:User ko-1|간단]]'''한 '''[[:Category:User ko|한국어]]'''를 말할 수 있습니다.</span>}}<includeonly>[[Category:User ko|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User ko-1|{{PAGENAME}}]]</includeonly><noinclude> [[Category:User ko| 1]][[Category:User ko-1| 1]]</noinclude> 1770 3463 2006-11-06T12:23:07Z GnuDoyng 13 [[Image:Flag of the United Nations.png|200px|right]] Ciō dèu-mĕ̤k: [[Céng-dê]]. [[Category:Siâ-huôi]] [[af:Kategorie:Politiek]] [[als:Kategorie:Politik]] [[ar:تصنيف:سياسة]] [[an:Categoría:Politica]] [[ast:Categoría:Política]] [[bg:Категория:Политика]] [[bm:Catégorie:Politiki]] [[zh-min-nan:Category:Chèng-tī]] [[be:Катэгорыя:Палітыка]] [[bs:Kategorija:Politika]] [[ca:Categoria:Política]] [[cs:Kategorie:Politika]] [[da:Kategori:Politik]] [[de:Kategorie:Politik]] [[et:Kategooria:Poliitika]] [[el:Κατηγορία:Πολιτική]] [[en:Category:Politics]] [[es:Categoría:Política]] [[eo:Kategorio:Politiko]] [[eu:Kategoria:Politika]] [[fo:Bólkur:Politikkur]] [[fr:Catégorie:Politique]] [[gd:Category:Sluagh-iùl]] [[gl:Category:Política]] [[ko:분류:정치]] [[hr:Kategorija:Politika]] [[io:Category:Politiko]] [[ilo:Category:Politica]] [[id:Kategori:Politik]] [[it:Categoria:Politica]] [[he:קטגוריה:פוליטיקה]] [[lv:Kategorija:Politika]] [[lb:Category:Politik]] [[hu:Kategória:Politika]] [[mr:Category:राजकारण]] [[mt:Category:Politika]] [[ms:Kategori:Politik]] [[nl:Categorie:Politiek]] [[nds:Kategorie:Politik]] [[ja:Category:政治]] [[no:Kategori:Politikk]] [[nn:Kategori:Politikk]] [[oc:Categoria:Politica]] [[pl:Kategoria:Polityka]] [[pt:Categoria:Política]] [[ro:Categorie:Politică]] [[rmy:Shopni:Forovipen]] [[ru:Категория:Политика]] [[scn:Category:Pulìtica]] [[sq:Category:Politika]] [[sk:Kategória:Politika]] [[sl:Kategorija:Politika]] [[sr:Категорија:Политика]] [[su:Kategori:Pulitik]] [[fi:Luokka:Politiikka]] [[sv:Kategori:Politik]] [[tr:Kategori:Politika]] [[uk:Категорія:Політика]] [[wa:Categoreye:Politike]] [[vls:Category:Polletiek]] [[zh-yue:Category:政治]] [[zh:Category:政治]] [[pam:Category:Politika]] 1771 3071 2006-10-30T10:34:40Z GnuDoyng 13 mò̤ hiăh-miêng hĕ̤k cṳ̄-lôi-biék 1772 3072 2006-10-30T10:34:56Z GnuDoyng 13 mò̤ cṳ̄-lôi-biék 1773 3461 2006-11-06T12:03:16Z GnuDoyng 13 [[Image:BuddhismSymbolWhite.PNG|200px|right]] Ciō dèu-mĕ̤k: [[Cŭng-gáu]]. [[Category:Ùng-huá]] [[af:Kategorie:Religie]] [[ar:تصنيف:ديانات]] [[frp:Category:Religion]] [[ast:Categoría:Relixón]] [[zh-min-nan:Category:Chong-kàu]] [[be:Катэгорыя:Рэлігія]] [[bs:Kategorija:Vjera]] [[br:Rummad:Relijion]] [[bg:Категория:Религия]] [[ca:Categoria:Religió]] [[cv:Категори:Тěнсем]] [[cs:Kategorie:Náboženství]] [[cy:Categori:Crefyddau]] [[da:Kategori:Religion]] [[de:Kategorie:Religion]] [[et:Kategooria:Religioon]] [[el:Κατηγορία:Θρησκεία]] [[en:Category:Religion]] [[es:Categoría:Religión]] [[eo:Kategorio:Religio]] [[fo:Bólkur:Átrúnaður]] [[fr:Catégorie:Religion]] [[fy:Kategory:Religy]] [[fur:Categorie:Religjon]] [[ga:Catagóir:Reiligiún]] [[gl:Category:Relixión]] [[ko:분류:종교]] [[hr:Kategorija:Religija]] [[io:Category:Religii]] [[id:Kategori:Agama]] [[ia:Categoria:Religion]] [[os:Категори:Дин]] [[is:Flokkur:Trúarbrögð]] [[it:Categoria:Religione]] [[he:קטגוריה:דתות]] [[jv:Kategori:Agama]] [[ka:კატეგორია:რელიგია]] [[kw:Category:Cryjyans]] [[sw:Category:Dini]] [[ht:Category:Relijyon]] [[ku:Kategorî:Ol]] [[lad:Category:Relijion]] [[la:Categoria:Religiones]] [[lv:Kategorija:Reliģija]] [[lb:Category:Relioun]] [[lt:Kategorija:Religija]] [[li:Kategorie:Religie]] [[ln:Category:Relijió]] [[jbo:Category:lijda]] [[lmo:Category:Religjun e credeenz]] [[hu:Kategória:Vallás]] [[mt:Category:Reliġjon]] [[ms:Kategori:Agama]] [[nah:Categoría:Teotlamatiliztli]] [[nl:Categorie:Religie]] [[nds-nl:Categorie:Religie]] [[ja:Category:宗教]] [[nap:Categoria:Religgione]] [[no:Kategori:Religion]] [[nn:Kategori:Religion og livssyn]] [[oc:Categoria:Religion]] [[nds:Kategorie:Religion]] [[pl:Kategoria:Religie]] [[pt:Categoria:Religião]] [[ro:Categorie:Religie]] [[ru:Категория:Религия]] [[sq:Category:Feja]] [[scn:Category:Riliggiuni]] [[sk:Kategória:Náboženstvo]] [[sl:Kategorija:Religija]] [[sr:Категорија:Религија]] [[sh:Category:Religija]] [[fi:Luokka:Uskonto]] [[sv:Kategori:Religion]] [[tl:Category:Relihiyon]] [[tt:Törkem:Din]] [[th:หมวดหมู่:ศาสนา]] [[vi:Thể loại:Tôn giáo]] [[tr:Kategori:Din]] [[uk:Категорія:Релігія]] [[wa:Categoreye:Rilidjons]] [[zh-yue:Category:宗教]] [[zh:Category:宗教]] 1774 3078 2006-10-30T10:54:03Z GnuDoyng 13 '''Ĭ-sṳ̆-làng-gáu''' sê siŏh cṳ̄ng cŭng-gáu, iâ giéu lō̤ '''Chĭng-cĭng-gáu'''. [[Category:Cŭng-gáu|I]] [[af:Kategorie:Islam]] [[ar:تصنيف:إسلام]] [[ast:Categoría:Islam]] [[be:Катэгорыя:Ісьлям]] [[bs:Kategorija:Islam]] [[bg:Категория:Ислям]] [[ca:Categoria:Islam]] [[cs:Kategorie:Islám]] [[cy:Categori:Islam]] [[da:Kategori:Islam]] [[de:Kategorie:Islam]] [[en:Category:Islam]] [[et:Kategooria:Islam]] [[es:Categoría:Islam]] [[eo:Kategorio:Islamo]] [[eu:Kategoria:Islama]] [[fa:رده:اسلام]] [[fr:Catégorie:Islam]] [[ko:분류:이슬람교]] [[hr:Kategorija:Islam]] [[io:Category:Islamo]] [[id:Kategori:Islam]] [[is:Flokkur:Íslam]] [[it:Categoria:Islam]] [[he:קטגוריה:אסלאם]] [[ka:კატეგორია:ისლამი]] [[sw:Category:Uislamu]] [[ht:Category:Islamis]] [[ku:Kategorî:Îslam]] [[la:Categoria:Religio Islamica]] [[lb:Category:Islam]] [[lt:Kategorija:Islamas]] [[hu:Kategória:Iszlám]] [[mt:Category:Islam]] [[ms:Kategori:Islam]] [[nl:Categorie:Islam]] [[ja:Category:イスラム教]] [[no:Kategori:Islam]] [[nn:Kategori:Islam]] [[nds:Kategorie:Islam]] [[pl:Kategoria:Islam]] [[pt:Categoria:Islão]] [[ro:Categorie:Islam]] [[ru:Категория:Ислам]] [[sq:Category:Islam]] [[sk:Kategória:Islam]] [[sl:Kategorija:Islam]] [[sr:Категорија:Ислам]] [[fi:Luokka:Islam]] [[sv:Kategori:Islam]] [[tt:Törkem:Íslam]] [[th:หมวดหมู่:ศาสนาอิสลาม]] [[vi:Thể loại:Hồi giáo]] [[tr:Kategori:İslam]] [[uk:Категорія:Іслам]] [[zh:Category:伊斯兰教]] 1775 3079 2006-10-30T10:57:33Z GnuDoyng 13 '''Hŭk-gáu''' sê siŏh cṳ̄ng cŭng-gáu. [[af:Kategorie:Boeddhisme]] [[bn:Category:বৌদ্ধ ধর্ম]] [[bg:Категория:Будизъм]] [[ca:Categoria:Budisme]] [[cs:Kategorie:Buddhismus]] [[da:Kategori:Buddhisme]] [[de:Kategorie:Buddhismus]] [[en:Category:Buddhism]] [[et:Kategooria:Budism]] [[es:Categoría:Budismo]] [[eo:Kategorio:Budhismo]] [[eu:Kategoria:Budismoa]] [[fr:Catégorie:Bouddhisme]] [[ko:분류:불교]] [[id:Kategori:Buddhisme]] [[is:Flokkur:Búddismi]] [[it:Categoria:Buddhismo]] [[he:קטגוריה:בודהיזם]] [[ka:კატეგორია:ბუდიზმი]] [[lv:Kategorija:Budisms]] [[lt:Kategorija:Budizmas]] [[mt:Category:Buddiżmu]] [[ms:Kategori:Agama Buddha]] [[nl:Categorie:Boeddhisme]] [[ja:Category:仏教]] [[no:Kategori:Buddhisme]] [[nn:Kategori:Buddhisme]] [[pl:Kategoria:Buddyzm]] [[pt:Categoria:Budismo]] [[ro:Categorie:Budism]] [[ru:Категория:Буддизм]] [[sq:Category:Budizëm]] [[sk:Kategória:Budhizmus]] [[sl:Kategorija:Budizem]] [[sv:Kategori:Buddhism]] [[vi:Thể loại:Phật giáo]] [[tr:Kategori:Budizm]] [[uk:Категорія:Буддизм]] [[zh:Category:佛教]] 1776 3080 2006-10-30T10:59:21Z GnuDoyng 13 '''Dô̤-gáu''' sê [[Dṳ̆ng-guók]] buōng-tū cŭng-gáu. [[ar:تصنيف:طاوية]] [[cs:Kategorie:Taoismus]] [[de:Kategorie:Daoismus]] [[en:Category:Taoism]] [[et:Kategooria:Taoism]] [[ko:분류:도교]] [[it:Categoria:Taoismo]] [[lv:Kategorija:Daoisms]] [[ms:Kategori:Taoisme]] [[nl:Categorie:Taoïsme]] [[ja:Category:道教]] [[nds:Kategorie:Taoismus]] [[pl:Kategoria:Taoizm]] [[pt:Categoria:Taoísmo]] [[ru:Категория:Даосизм]] [[sv:Kategori:Taoism]] [[vi:Thể loại:Đạo giáo]] [[zh:Category:道教]] 1777 3929 2006-11-30T12:35:50Z GnuDoyng 13 {| cellpadding="10" |- valign="top" |width="50%"| {| width="100%" |[[Image:P social sciences.png|35px]] | width="100%" |<div style="text-align: left; font-size:130%; border-bottom: solid 2px #7D80B3; margin-bottom:5px;">'''[[:Category:Siâ-huôi|Siâ-huôi]]'''</div> |} [[:Category:Gáu-ṳ̆k|Gáu-ṳ̆k]] - [[:Category:Céng-dê|Céng-dê]] - [[:Category:Gĭng-cá̤|Gĭng-cá̤]] - [[:Category:Huák-lŭk|Huák-lŭk]] - [[:Category:Ìng-ŭk|Ìng-ŭk]] - [[:Category:Lĭk-sṳ̄|Lĭk-sṳ̄]] - [[:Category:Tā̤-ṳ̆k|Tā̤-ṳ̆k]] {| width="100%" |[[Image:P art.png|35px]] | width="100%" |<div style="text-align: left; font-size:130%; border-bottom: solid 2px #7D80B3; margin-bottom:5px;">'''[[:Category:Ùng-huá|Ùng-huá]]'''</div> |} [[:Category:Cŭng-gáu|Cŭng-gáu]] - [[:Category:Diék-hŏk|Diék-hŏk]] - [[:Category:Hŭng-sṳ̆k|Hŭng-sṳ̆k]] - [[:Category:Ĭng-ngŏk|Ĭng-ngŏk]] - [[:Category:Īng-sĭk|Īng-sĭk]] - [[:Category:Mī-sŭk|Mī-sŭk]] - [[:Category:Ngṳ̄-ngiòng|Ngṳ̄-ngiòng]] - [[:Category:Ùng-hŏk|Ùng-hŏk]] {| width="100%" |[[Image:P math.png|35px]] | width="100%"|<div style="text-align: left; font-size:130%; border-bottom: solid 2px #7D80B3; margin-bottom:5px;"> '''[[:Category:Kuŏ-hŏk|Kuŏ-hŏk]]'''</div> |} [[:Category:Dê-cék|Dê-cék]] - [[:Category:Dê-lī|Dê-lī]] - [[:Category:Dông-ŭk|Dông-ŭk]] - [[:Category:Huá-hŏk|Huá-hŏk]] - [[:Category:Ké-siông|Ké-siông]] - [[:Category:Sĕng-lī|Sĕng-lī]] - [[:Category:Sĕng-tái|Sĕng-tái]] - [[:Category:Séng-sék|Séng-sék]] - [[:Category:Sĭk-ŭk|Sĭk-ŭk]] - [[:Category:Só-hŏk|Só-hŏk]] - [[:Category:Tiĕng-ùng|Tiĕng-ùng]] - [[:Category:Ŭk-lī|Ŭk-lī]] {| width="100%" |[[Image:P countries.png|35px]] | width="100%" |<div style="text-align: left; font-size:130%; border-bottom: solid 2px #7D80B3; margin-bottom:5px;">'''[[:Category:Sié-gái|Sié-gái]]'''</div> |} [[:Category:Ā-ciŭ|Ā-ciŭ]] - [[:Category:Báe̤k Mī-ciŭ|Báe̤k Mī-ciŭ]] - [[:Category:Dâi-iòng-ciŭ|Dâi-iòng-ciŭ]] - [[:Category:Dṳ̆ng-guók|Dṳ̆ng-guók]] - [[:Category:Ĕu-ciŭ|Ĕu-ciŭ]] - [[:Category:Hĭ-ciŭ|Hĭ-ciŭ]] - [[:Category:Nàng Mī-ciŭ|Nàng Mī-ciŭ]] {| width="100%" |[[Image:MinFujian.png|35px]] | width="100%" |<div style="text-align: left; font-size:130%; border-bottom: solid 2px #7D80B3; margin-bottom:5px;">'''[[:Category:Mìng-cṳ̆|Hók-gióng]]'''</div> |} [[:Category:Dài-uàng|Dài-uàng]] - [[:Category:Hĭng-huá|Hĭng-huá]] - [[:Category:Mìng-báe̤k|Mìng-báe̤k]] - [[:Category:Mìng-dĕ̤ng|Mìng-dĕ̤ng]] - [[:Category:Mìng-nàng|Mìng-nàng]] - [[:Category:Mìng-să̤|Mìng-să̤]] - [[:Category:Sĕk-ék|Sĕk-ék]] <div style="margin-top:2em; border:1px solid #999; padding:0.5em"> <h3 style="font-size:110%">Cê-mō̤ sáuk-īng</h3> {|width="95%" align="center"| | align="center" | [[Special:Allpages/A|A]] | align="center" | [[Special:Allpages/A̤|A̤]] | align="center" | [[Special:Allpages/B|B]] | align="center" | [[Special:Allpages/C|C]] | align="center" | [[Special:Allpages/CH|CH]] | align="center" | [[Special:Allpages/D|D]] | align="center" | [[Special:Allpages/E|E]] | align="center" | [[Special:Allpages/E̤|E̤]] | align="center" | [[Special:Allpages/F|''F'']] | align="center" | [[Special:Allpages/G|G]] | align="center" | [[Special:Allpages/H|H]] | align="center" | [[Special:Allpages/I|I]] | align="center" | [[Special:Allpages/J|''J'']] | align="center" | [[Special:Allpages/K|K]] | align="center" | [[Special:Allpages/L|L]] | align="center" | [[Special:Allpages/M|M]] | align="center" | [[Special:Allpages/N|N]] | align="center" | [[Special:Allpages/NG|NG]] | align="center" | [[Special:Allpages/O|O]] | align="center" | [[Special:Allpages/O̤|O̤]] | align="center" | [[Special:Allpages/P|P]] | align="center" | [[Special:Allpages/Q|''Q'']] | align="center" | [[Special:Allpages/R|''R'']] | align="center" | [[Special:Allpages/S|S]] | align="center" | [[Special:Allpages/T|T]] | align="center" | [[Special:Allpages/U|U]] | align="center" | [[Special:Allpages/Ṳ|Ṳ]] | align="center" | [[Special:Allpages/V|''V'']] | align="center" | [[Special:Allpages/W|''W'']] | align="center" | [[Special:Allpages/X|''X'']] | align="center" | [[Special:Allpages/Y|''Y'']] | align="center" | [[Special:Allpages/Z|''Z'']] |} </div> |} 1778 3103 2006-10-30T23:47:06Z Dcljr 31 Category:Wikipedia -- don't know where else to put this... [[Category:Wikipedia]] 1779 3105 2006-10-30T23:48:18Z Dcljr 31 oops... [[Category:Ê̤ṳng-hô]] 1780 3811 2006-11-20T11:48:31Z GnuDoyng 13 /* Cé̤ṳ */ '''Bìng-tàng Gâing''' (平潭縣) sê [[Hók-ciŭ Chê]] guāng-hăk gì 8 bĭh gâing dài-dŏng gì siŏh bĭh. ==Lĭk-sṳ̄== Bìng-tàng Gâing gô-dā̤ sê [[Hók-chiăng]] gì siŏh buô-hông, ék-dĭk sṳ̆k Hók-chiăng guāng-hăk. 1730 nièng, [[Chĭng-dièu]] céng-hū ciŏng Hāi-tàng Dō̤ (海壇島) gâe̤ng ĭ bòng-biĕng gì duâi nâung gáuk dō̤ uăk ôi Bìng-tàng Gâing-sìng Guāng-hăk-kṳ̆. 1798 nièng Guāng-hăk-kṳ̆ gūi ùi „Bìng-tàng Hāi-huòng Tiăng“ (平潭海防廳), dĭk-ciék iù Hók-ciŭ Hū guāng-lī. 1912 nièng, [[Dṳ̆ng-huà Mìng-guók]] céng-hū hié dṳ̀ „Bìng-tàng Hāi-huòng Tiăng“, kiū siék „Bìng-tàng Gâing“, téng hiā sèng-âiu kī Bìng-tàng ciáh ciáng-sék gióng-lì gâing céng-hū. 1956 nièng Bìng-tàng Gâing uăk ké̤ṳk Céng-gŏng Ciŏng-kṳ̆ (晉江專區) guāng lī, gáu 1983 nièng Hèng-céng kṳ̆ bĭk dièu-cīng sèng-hâiu ciáh uăk diōng Hók-ciŭ Chê guāng lī gáu gĭng-dáng. ==Dê-lī gâe̤ng nè̤ng-só== Bìng-tàng ciòng gâing ô 38 uâng nè̤ng, tū-dê miêng-cék 371.1 bìng-huŏng gŭng-lī. ===Dê-lī=== Bìng-tàng găh báe̤k-ūi 25 dô 16 hŭng gáu 25 dô 44 hŭng, dĕ̤ng-gĭng 119 dô 32 hŭng gáu 120 dô 10 hŭng cĭ găng gì [[Dṳ̆ng-guók]] [[Hók-gióng Sēng]] dĕ̤ng buô, [[Dài-hāi]] hāi-méng gà̤-dēng. Bìng-tàng Gâing tū-dê miêng-cék sê 371.1 bìng-huŏng chiĕng-mī. Ciō-tā̤ gì Hāi-tàng dō̤ (海壇島) sê Hók-gióng dék duâi gì [[dō̤-sê̤ṳ]], iâ sê Dṳ̆ng-guók dâ̤ 5 duâi dō̤-sê̤ṳ. Bìng-tàng gâe̤ng dâi-lṳ̆k gì gău-tŭng uòng-ciòng diŏh āi hāi-ông. Bìng-tàng sê Hók-ciŭ Chê 8 gâing diē-sié mì-ék gì dō̤-sê̤ṳ gâing, ciòng-buô liāng-tū dŭ mò̤ diŏh [[Ĕu-ā Dâi-lṳ̆k]] gà̤-dēng. ===Nè̤ng-só=== Bìng-tàng ciòng gâing nè̤ng-só ô 38 uâng cō̤-êu, buōng-dê [[ngṳ̄-ngiòng]] sê Hók-chiăng kiŏng [[Hók-ciŭ-uâ]]. Gó ô nék-dék [[Huòi-cŭk]] gâe̤ng [[Siă-cŭk]] nè̤ng, ciéng cūng nè̤ng-só gì 1.5%. Bìng-tàng gì ìng-kēu mĭk-dô siŏng-dŏng gèng, dăk gáu siŏh bìng-huŏng chiĕng-mī 1200 nè̤ng cō̤-êu, ciŏng-gê̤ṳng gó̤-lòng Hók-gióng Sēng bìng-gĭng ìng-kēu mĭk-dô gì 4.5 buôi. Bìng-tàng Gâing ciòng gâing 87.29% gì nè̤ng dŭ diŏh Hāi-tàng Dō̤ gà̤-dēng, gì-dṳ̆ng 62% gì nè̤ng dêu găk Hāi-tàng Dō̤ gà̤-dēng gì Làu-cuōi (流水), Ó̤-sèng (澳前), Tàng-siàng (潭城), Báe̤k-chió (北厝), Sŭ-ó̤ (蘇澳), Ngò̤-dĕ̤ng (敖東) cī 6 bĭh déng lā̤. [[Gāi-gáik Kŭi-hóng]] ī-hâiu, ô cĭng sâ̤ gì Bìng-tàng nè̤ng liê-kŭi Bìng-tàng gáu Hók-ciŭ dēng duâi [[siàng-chê]] sĕng-uăk, iâ ô cĭng sâ̤ gì Bìng-tàng nè̤ng sāi gáuk iông huŏng-huák chók-iòng gĕ̤ng-cáuk sĕng-uăk. ==Hèng-céng kṳ̆-mĭk== Bìng-tàng ô 5 bĭh déng, 10 bĭh hiŏng. 5 bĭh déng sê: :Tàng-siàng Déng (潭城鎮) :Làu-cuōi Déng (流水鎮) :Ó̤-sèng Déng (澳前鎮) :Báe̤k-chió Déng (北厝鎮) :Sŭ-ó̤ Déng (蘇澳鎮) 10 bĭh hiŏng sê: :Sê̤ṳ-tàu Hiŏng (嶼頭鄉) :Duâi-liêng Hiŏng (大練鄉) :Nàng-hāi Hiŏng (南海鄉) :Dĕ̤ng-siòng Hiŏng (東庠鄉)<ref>Gà̤-lēng cī 4 bĭh hiŏng sê liê-dō̤ hiŏng, mò̤ găh Hāi-tàng Dō̤.</ref> :Làng-siàng Hiŏng (嵐城鄉) :Ngò̤-dĕ̤ng Hiŏng (敖東鄉) :Dṳ̆ng-làu Hiŏng (中樓鄉) :Lù-iòng Hiŏng (蘆洋鄉) :Bìng-nguòng Hiŏng (平原鄉) :Băh-chăng Hiŏng (白青鄉) ==Cé̤ṳ== <div class="references-small"> <references/> </div> {{Mìng-dṳ̆ng sĕk ék}} [[Category:Sĕk-ék]] [[Category:Mìng-cṳ̆]] [[Category:Siàng-chê]] [[zh:平潭县]] 1781 3362 2006-11-03T11:05:39Z GnuDoyng 13 '''Bìng-nàng Gâing''' (屏南縣) sê Mìng-dṳ̆ng Sĕk-ék diē-sié dê-lī dék báe̤k gì gâing. Gô-dā̤ sê [[Kŭ-chèng Gâing]] gì siŏh buô-hông, 18 sié-gī ciáh téng Kŭ-chèng Gâing diē-sié buŏng chók lì. Bìng-nàng Gâing gâe̤ng Kŭ-chèng Gâing siŏh-iông, dŭ ng sṳ̆k [[Hók-ciŭ Chê]] guāng-hăk, sṳ̆k [[Nìng-dáik Chê]] guāng-hăk. Bìng-nàng Gâing dù-dê miêng-cék ô 1485.3 bìng-huŏng gŭng-lī, nè̤ng-só ô 18 uâng. Dŏ̤-só sê gōng Kŭ-chèng kiŏng [[Hók-ciŭ-uâ]] gì [[Hàng-nè̤ng]]. {{Mìng-dṳ̆ng sĕk ék}} [[Category:Mìng-cṳ̆]] [[Category:Sĕk-ék]] [[Category:Siàng-chê]] [[zh:屏南县]] 1782 3124 2006-10-31T11:25:01Z GnuDoyng 13 Dṳ̀ng-sĭng dêng-hióng gáu [[Bìng-tàng]] #REDIRECT [[Bìng-tàng]] 1784 3165 2006-10-31T12:37:51Z GnuDoyng 13 Dṳ̀ng-sĭng dêng-hióng gáu [[Category:Mìng-cṳ̆]] #REDIRECT [[Category:Mìng-cṳ̆]] 1785 3172 2006-10-31T12:50:28Z GnuDoyng 13 [[Image:Asia Globe NASA.jpg|200px|right]] Ciō dèu-mĕ̤k: [[Ā-ciŭ]]. [[Category:Sié-gái]] [[af:Kategorie:Asië]] [[ar:تصنيف:آسيا]] [[an:Categoría:Asia]] [[ast:Categoría:Asia]] [[bg:Категория:Азия]] [[zh-min-nan:Category:A-chiu]] [[be:Катэгорыя:Азія]] [[bn:Category:এশিয়া]] [[bs:Kategorija:Azija]] [[br:Rummad:Azia]] [[ca:Categoria:Àsia]] [[cs:Kategorie:Asie]] [[da:Kategori:Asien]] [[de:Kategorie:Asien]] [[et:Kategooria:Aasia]] [[el:Κατηγορία:Ασία]] [[en:Category:Asia]] [[es:Categoría:Asia]] [[eo:Kategorio:Azio]] [[eu:Kategoria:Asia]] [[fa:رده:آسیا]] [[fo:Bólkur:Asia]] [[fr:Catégorie:Asie]] [[frp:Category:Asia]] [[fy:Kategory:Aazje]] [[gl:Category:Asia]] [[ko:분류:아시아]] [[hi:श्रेणी:एशिया]] [[io:Category:Azia]] [[id:Kategori:Asia]] [[is:Flokkur:Asía]] [[it:Categoria:Asia]] [[he:קטגוריה:אסיה]] [[ka:კატეგორია:აზია]] [[csb:Kategòrëjô:Azëjô]] [[sw:Category:Asia]] [[kw:Category:Asi]] [[la:Categoria:Asia]] [[lv:Kategorija:Āzija]] [[lb:Category:Asien]] [[li:Kategorie:Azië]] [[hu:Kategória:Ázsia]] [[mk:Категорија:Азија]] [[ms:Kategori:Asia]] [[mo:Category:Асия]] [[nap:Categoria:Asia]] [[nl:Categorie:Azië]] [[nds:Kategorie:Asien]] [[ja:Category:アジア]] [[no:Kategori:Asia]] [[oc:Categoria:Asia]] [[os:Категори:Ази]] [[pl:Kategoria:Azja]] [[pt:Categoria:Ásia]] [[ro:Categorie:Asia]] [[rmy:Shopni:Asiya]] [[ru:Категория:Азия]] [[se:Category:Ásia]] [[sq:Category:Azi]] [[sh:Category:Azija]] [[scn:Category:Asia]] [[sk:Kategória:Ázia]] [[sl:Kategorija:Azija]] [[sr:Категорија:Азија]] [[su:Kategori:Asia]] [[fi:Luokka:Aasia]] [[sv:Kategori:Asien]] [[tl:Category:Asya]] [[ta:பகுப்பு:ஆசியா]] [[th:หมวดหมู่:ทวีปเอเชีย]] [[tpi:Category:Asia]] [[vi:Thể loại:Châu Á]] [[tr:Kategori:Asya]] [[uk:Категорія:Азія]] [[wa:Categoreye:Azeye]] [[war:Category:Asya]] [[zh:Category:亚洲]] [[pam:Category:Asia]] 1786 3171 2006-10-31T12:49:53Z GnuDoyng 13 [[Image:North America satellite globe.jpg|200px|right]] Ciō dèu-mĕ̤k: [[Báe̤k Mī-ciŭ]]. [[af:Kategorie:Noord-Amerika]] [[ar:تصنيف:أمريكا الشمالية]] [[be:Катэгорыя:Паўночная Амэрыка]] [[bs:Kategorija:Sjeverna Amerika]] [[bg:Категория:Северна Америка]] [[ca:Categoria:Amèrica del Nord]] [[cs:Kategorie:Severní Amerika]] [[cy:Categori:Gogledd America]] [[da:Kategori:Nordamerika]] [[de:Kategorie:Nordamerika]] [[en:Category:North America]] [[es:Categoría:América del Norte]] [[eo:Kategorio:Nordameriko]] [[fo:Bólkur:Norðuramerika]] [[fr:Catégorie:Amérique du Nord]] [[fy:Kategory:Noard-Amearika]] [[ga:Catagóir:Meiriceá Thuaidh]] [[gd:Category:Aimearaga-a-Tuath]] [[gl:Category:América do Norte]] [[ko:분류:북아메리카]] [[hi:श्रेणी:उत्तरी अमरीका]] [[hr:Kategorija:Sjeverna Amerika]] [[io:Category:Nord-Amerika]] [[id:Kategori:Amerika Utara]] [[it:Categoria:America settentrionale]] [[he:קטגוריה:אמריקה הצפונית]] [[ka:კატეგორია:ჩრდილოეთი ამერიკა]] [[la:Categoria:America Septentrionalis]] [[lv:Kategorija:Ziemeļamerika]] [[lt:Kategorija:Šiaurės Amerika]] [[li:Kategorie:Noord-Amerika]] [[mk:Категорија:Северна Америка]] [[mr:Category:उत्तर अमेरिका]] [[nl:Categorie:Noord-Amerika]] [[ja:Category:北アメリカ]] [[no:Kategori:Nord-Amerika]] [[nn:Kategori:Nord-Amerika]] [[oc:Categoria:America del Nòrd]] [[nds:Kategorie:Noordamerika]] [[pl:Kategoria:Ameryka Północna]] [[pt:Categoria:América do Norte]] [[ro:Categorie:America de Nord]] [[ru:Категория:Северная Америка]] [[sr:Категорија:Северна Америка]] [[fi:Luokka:Pohjois-Amerikka]] [[sv:Kategori:Nordamerika]] [[ta:பகுப்பு:வட அமெரிக்கா]] [[tr:Kategori:Kuzey Amerika]] [[zh-yue:Category:北美洲]] [[zh:Category:北美洲]] 1787 3173 2006-10-31T12:54:19Z GnuDoyng 13 [[Image:Oceania satellite.jpg|200px|right]] Ciō dèu-mĕ̤k: [[Dâi-iòng-ciŭ]]. [[Category:Sié-gái]] [[ar:تصنيف:أوقيانوسيا]] [[frp:Category:Ocèanie]] [[zh-min-nan:Category:Tāi-iûⁿ-chiu]] [[be:Катэгорыя:Акіянія]] [[bg:Категория:Океания]] [[ca:Categoria:Oceania]] [[cs:Kategorie:Austrálie a Oceánie]] [[da:Kategori:Oceanien]] [[de:Kategorie:Australien und Ozeanien]] [[en:Category:Oceania]] [[et:Kategooria:Okeaania]] [[el:Κατηγορία:Ωκεανία]] [[es:Categoría:Oceanía]] [[eo:Kategorio:Oceanio]] [[eu:Kategoria:Ozeania]] [[fo:Bólkur:Kyrrahavsoyggjarnar]] [[fr:Catégorie:Océanie]] [[ko:분류:오세아니아]] [[hr:Kategorija:Oceanija]] [[io:Category:Oceania]] [[id:Kategori:Oseania]] [[is:Flokkur:Eyjaálfa]] [[it:Categoria:Oceania]] [[la:Categoria:Oceania]] [[lb:Category:Ozeanien]] [[li:Kategorie:Oceanië]] [[hu:Kategória:Ausztrália és Óceánia]] [[na:Category:Oceania]] [[nl:Categorie:Oceanië]] [[ja:Category:オセアニア]] [[no:Kategori:Oseania]] [[nn:Kategori:Oseania]] [[oc:Categoria:Oceania]] [[nds:Kategorie:Ozeanien]] [[pl:Kategoria:Australia i Oceania]] [[pt:Categoria:Oceania]] [[ru:Категория:Океания]] [[scn:Category:Oceania]] [[sk:Kategória:Austrália a Oceánia]] [[sr:Категорија:Океанија]] [[fi:Luokka:Oseania]] [[sv:Kategori:Oceanien]] [[tr:Kategori:Avustralya ve Okyanusya]] [[zh-yue:Category:大洋洲]] [[zh:Category:大洋洲]] 1788 3174 2006-10-31T12:57:37Z GnuDoyng 13 [[Image:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg|200px|right]] Ciō dèu-mĕ̤k: [[Dṳ̆ng-guók]]. [[Category:Sié-gái]] [[ar:تصنيف:الصين]] [[ast:Categoría:China]] [[zh-min-nan:Category:Tiong-kok]] [[be:Катэгорыя:Кітай]] [[br:Rummad:Sina]] [[bg:Категория:Китай]] [[ca:Categoria:Xina]] [[cv:Категори:Китай]] [[cs:Kategorie:Čína]] [[da:Kategori:Kina]] [[de:Kategorie:China]] [[en:Category:China]] [[et:Kategooria:Hiina]] [[el:Κατηγορία:Κίνα]] [[es:Categoría:China]] [[eo:Kategorio:Ĉinio]] [[eu:Kategoria:Txina]] [[fr:Catégorie:Chine]] [[gl:Category:China]] [[got:Category:𐌺𐌹𐌽𐌰]] [[ko:분류:중국]] [[hr:Kategorija:Kina]] [[io:Category:Chinia]] [[id:Kategori:Tiongkok]] [[os:Категори:Китай]] [[is:Flokkur:Kína]] [[it:Categoria:Cina]] [[he:קטגוריה:סין]] [[ka:კატეგორია:ჩინეთი]] [[kw:Category:Cheyna]] [[la:Categoria:Sina]] [[lb:Category:China]] [[lt:Kategorija:Kinija]] [[hu:Kategória:Kína]] [[mk:Категорија:Кина]] [[nl:Categorie:China]] [[ja:Category:中国]] [[no:Kategori:Kina]] [[nn:Kategori:Kina]] [[oc:Categoria:China]] [[nds:Kategorie:China]] [[pl:Kategoria:Chiny]] [[pt:Categoria:China]] [[ro:Categorie:China]] [[ru:Категория:Китай]] [[scn:Category:Cina]] [[simple:Category:China]] [[sk:Kategória:Čína]] [[sl:Kategorija:Kitajska]] [[sr:Категорија:Кина]] [[sh:Category:Kina]] [[fi:Luokka:Kiina]] [[sv:Kategori:Kina]] [[tl:Category:Tsina]] [[ta:பகுப்பு:சீனா]] [[th:หมวดหมู่:ประเทศจีน]] [[vi:Thể loại:Trung Quốc]] [[tr:Kategori:Çin]] [[uk:Категорія:Китай]] [[zh-yue:Category:中國]] [[zh:Category:中国]] 1789 3175 2006-10-31T13:00:09Z GnuDoyng 13 [[Image:Europe satellite globe.jpg|200px|right]] Ciō dèu-mĕ̤k: [[Ĕu-ciŭ]]. [[Category:Sié-gái]] [[af:Kategorie:Europa]] [[ang:Category:Europa]] [[ar:تصنيف:أوروبا]] [[an:Categoría:Europa]] [[roa-rup:Category:Evropa]] [[frp:Category:Eropa]] [[ast:Categoría:Europa]] [[zh-min-nan:Category:Au-chiu]] [[be:Катэгорыя:Эўропа]] [[bs:Kategorija:Evropa]] [[br:Rummad:Europa]] [[bg:Категория:Европа]] [[ca:Categoria:Europa]] [[cv:Категори:Европа]] [[cs:Kategorie:Evropa]] [[co:Category:Europa]] [[cy:Categori:Ewrop]] [[da:Kategori:Europa]] [[de:Kategorie:Europa]] [[en:Category:Europe]] [[et:Kategooria:Euroopa]] [[el:Κατηγορία:Ευρώπη]] [[es:Categoría:Europa]] [[eo:Kategorio:Eŭropo]] [[eu:Kategoria:Europa]] [[fa:رده:اروپا]] [[fo:Bólkur:Evropa]] [[fr:Catégorie:Europe]] [[fy:Kategory:Jeropa]] [[ga:Catagóir:An Eoraip]] [[gl:Category:Europa]] [[ko:분류:유럽]] [[hi:श्रेणी:यूरोप]] [[hr:Kategorija:Europa]] [[hsb:Category:Europa]] [[io:Category:Europa]] [[id:Kategori:Eropa]] [[os:Категори:Европæ]] [[is:Flokkur:Evrópa]] [[it:Categoria:Europa]] [[he:קטגוריה:אירופה]] [[csb:Kategòrëjô:Eùropa]] [[kw:Category:Europa]] [[sw:Category:Ulaya]] [[ht:Category:Ewòp]] [[la:Categoria:Europa]] [[lv:Kategorija:Eiropa]] [[lb:Category:Europa]] [[li:Kategorie:Europa]] [[ln:Category:Eropa]] [[hu:Kategória:Európa]] [[mk:Категорија:Европа]] [[mt:Category:Ewropa]] [[mi:Category:Ūropi]] [[ms:Kategori:Eropah]] [[mo:Category:Еуропа]] [[na:Category:Uirope]] [[nl:Categorie:Europa]] [[nds-nl:Categorie:Europa]] [[ja:Category:ヨーロッパ]] [[ka:კატეგორია:ევროპა]] [[no:Kategori:Europa]] [[nn:Kategori:Europa]] [[oc:Categoria:Euròpa]] [[nds:Kategorie:Europa]] [[pl:Kategoria:Europa]] [[pt:Categoria:Europa]] [[ro:Categorie:Europa]] [[rmy:Shopni:Europa]] [[qu:Categoría:Iwrupa]] [[ru:Категория:Европа]] [[se:Category:Eurohpá]] [[scn:Category:Europa]] [[sk:Kategória:Európa]] [[sl:Kategorija:Evropa]] [[sr:Категорија:Европа]] [[sh:Category:Evropa]] [[fi:Luokka:Eurooppa]] [[sv:Kategori:Europa]] [[tl:Category:Europa]] [[ta:பகுப்பு:ஐரோப்பா]] [[th:หมวดหมู่:ทวีปยุโรป]] [[vi:Thể loại:Châu Âu]] [[tr:Kategori:Avrupa]] [[uk:Категорія:Європа]] [[vec:Categoria:Europa]] [[fiu-vro:Category:Õuruupa]] [[wa:Categoreye:Urope]] [[zh-yue:Category:歐洲]] [[zh:Category:欧洲]] 1790 3176 2006-10-31T13:02:05Z GnuDoyng 13 [[Image:Africa satellite plane.jpg|200px|right]] Ciō dèu-mĕ̤k: [[Hĭ-ciŭ]]. [[Category:Sié-gái]] [[zh-yue:Category:非洲]] [[af:Kategorie:Afrika]] [[ar:تصنيف:أفريقيا]] [[an:Categoría:Africa]] [[ast:Categoría:África]] [[bg:Категория:Африка]] [[zh-min-nan:Category:Hui-chiu]] [[be:Катэгорыя:Афрыка]] [[bs:Kategorija:Afrika]] [[ca:Categoria:Àfrica]] [[co:Category:Africa]] [[cs:Kategorie:Afrika]] [[cy:Categori:Affrica]] [[da:Kategori:Afrika]] [[de:Kategorie:Afrika]] [[en:Category:Africa]] [[et:Kategooria:Aafrika]] [[el:Κατηγορία:Αφρική]] [[es:Categoría:África]] [[eo:Kategorio:Afriko]] [[eu:Kategoria:Afrika]] [[fa:رده:آفریقا]] [[fo:Bólkur:Afrika]] [[fr:Catégorie:Afrique]] [[frp:Category:Africa]] [[fy:Kategory:Afrika]] [[gl:Category:África]] [[ko:분류:아프리카]] [[hi:श्रेणी:अफ़्रीका]] [[io:Category:Afrika]] [[id:Kategori:Afrika]] [[xh:Category:Afrika]] [[is:Flokkur:Afríka]] [[it:Categoria:Africa]] [[he:קטגוריה:אפריקה]] [[ka:კატეგორია:აფრიკა]] [[kw:Category:Afrika]] [[sw:Category:Afrika]] [[la:Categoria:Africa]] [[lv:Kategorija:Āfrika]] [[lb:Category:Afrika]] [[li:Kategorie:Afrika]] [[ln:Category:Afrika]] [[hu:Kategória:Afrika]] [[mk:Категорија:Африка]] [[ms:Kategori:Afrika]] [[na:Category:Africa]] [[nap:Categoria:Africa]] [[nl:Categorie:Afrika]] [[nds:Kategorie:Afrika]] [[ja:Category:アフリカ]] [[no:Kategori:Afrika]] [[nn:Kategori:Afrika]] [[oc:Categoria:Africa]] [[os:Категори:Африкæ]] [[pl:Kategoria:Afryka]] [[pt:Categoria:África]] [[ro:Categorie:Africa]] [[ru:Категория:Африка]] [[se:Category:Afrihkká]] [[sq:Category:Afrikë]] [[sh:Category:Afrika]] [[scn:Category:Africa]] [[simple:Category:Africa]] [[sk:Kategória:Afrika]] [[sl:Kategorija:Afrika]] [[sr:Категорија:Африка]] [[fi:Luokka:Afrikka]] [[sv:Kategori:Afrika]] [[tl:Category:Afrika]] [[ta:பகுப்பு:ஆப்பிரிக்கா]] [[th:หมวดหมู่:ทวีปแอฟริกา]] [[vi:Thể loại:Châu Phi]] [[tk:Category:Afrika]] [[tr:Kategori:Afrika]] [[uk:Категорія:Африка]] [[zh:Category:非洲]] [[kg:Category:Afelika]] 1791 3177 2006-10-31T13:04:02Z GnuDoyng 13 [[Image:South America satellite plane.jpg|200px|right]] Ciō dèu-mĕ̤k: [[Nàng Mī-ciŭ]]. [[Category:Sié-gái]] [[af:Kategorie:Suid-Amerika]] [[ar:تصنيف:أمريكا الجنوبية]] [[be:Катэгорыя:Паўднёвая Амэрыка]] [[bg:Категория:Южна Америка]] [[ca:Categoria:Amèrica del Sud]] [[cs:Kategorie:Jižní Amerika]] [[da:Kategori:Sydamerika]] [[de:Kategorie:Südamerika]] [[en:Category:South America]] [[et:Kategooria:Lõuna-Ameerika]] [[es:Categoría:América del Sur]] [[eo:Kategorio:Sudameriko]] [[eu:Kategoria:Hego Amerika]] [[fa:رده:آمریکای جنوبی]] [[fo:Bólkur:Suðuramerika]] [[fr:Catégorie:Amérique du Sud]] [[fy:Kategory:Súd-Amearika]] [[ga:Catagóir:Meiriceá Theas]] [[gl:Category:América do sur]] [[ko:분류:남아메리카]] [[hr:Kategorija:Južna Amerika]] [[io:Category:Sud-Amerika]] [[id:Kategori:Amerika Selatan]] [[os:Категори:Хуссар Америкæ]] [[it:Categoria:America meridionale]] [[he:קטגוריה:אמריקה הדרומית]] [[ka:კატეგორია:სამხრეთი ამერიკა]] [[la:Categoria:America Meridionalis]] [[lv:Kategorija:Dienvidamerika]] [[li:Kategorie:Zuud-Amerika]] [[hu:Kategória:Dél-Amerika]] [[mk:Категорија:Јужна Америка]] [[mr:Category:दक्षिण अमेरिका]] [[ms:Kategori:Amerika Selatan]] [[nl:Categorie:Zuid-Amerika]] [[ja:Category:南アメリカ]] [[no:Kategori:Sør-Amerika]] [[nn:Kategori:Sør-Amerika]] [[oc:Categoria:America del Sud]] [[nds:Kategorie:Süüdamerika]] [[pl:Kategoria:Ameryka Południowa]] [[pt:Categoria:América do Sul]] [[ro:Categorie:America de Sud]] [[ru:Категория:Южная Америка]] [[sk:Kategória:Južná Amerika]] [[sl:Kategorija:Južna Amerika]] [[sr:Категорија:Јужна Америка]] [[fi:Luokka:Etelä-Amerikka]] [[sv:Kategori:Sydamerika]] [[ta:பகுப்பு:தென் அமெரிக்கா]] [[tr:Kategori:Güney Amerika]] [[uk:Категорія:Південна Америка]] [[zh-yue:Category:南美洲]] [[zh:Category:南美洲]] 1792 3178 2006-10-31T13:10:53Z GnuDoyng 13 [[Image:Fuzhou 119.32960E 26.06068N.jpg|200px|right]] Ciō dèu-mĕ̤k: [[Hók-ciŭ]]. [[Category:Mìng-cṳ̆]] [[zh:Category:福州]] 1793 3183 2006-10-31T13:17:02Z GnuDoyng 13 Dṳ̀ng-sĭng dêng-hióng gáu [[Category:Sĕk-ék]] #REDIRECT [[Category:Sĕk-ék]] 1794 3184 2006-10-31T13:23:30Z GnuDoyng 13 [[Image:Taiwan NASA Terra MODIS 23791.jpg|200px|right]] Ciō dèu-mĕ̤k: [[Dài-uàng]]. [[Category:Mìng-cṳ̆]] [[zh-min-nan:Category:Tâi-oân]] [[cs:Kategorie:Tchaj-wan]] [[de:Kategorie:Taiwan]] [[en:Category:Taiwan]] [[et:Kategooria:Taiwan]] [[es:Categoría:Taiwán]] [[eo:Kategorio:Tajvano]] [[fr:Catégorie:République de Chine]] [[hu:Kategória:Tajvan]] [[io:Category:Taiwan]] [[id:Kategori:Taiwan]] [[is:Flokkur:Lýðveldið Kína]] [[it:Categoria:Taiwan]] [[he:קטגוריה:הרפובליקה הסינית]] [[lb:Category:Taiwan]] [[lt:Kategorija:Taivanas]] [[mk:Категорија:Тајван]] [[nl:Categorie:Taiwan]] [[ja:Category:台湾]] [[no:Kategori:Taiwan]] [[nn:Kategori:Taiwan]] [[pl:Kategoria:Tajwan]] [[pt:Categoria:Taiwan]] [[ru:Категория:Тайвань]] [[simple:Category:Taiwan]] [[sl:Kategorija:Tajvan]] [[sr:Категорија:Тајван]] [[fi:Luokka:Taiwan]] [[sv:Kategori:Taiwan]] [[tl:Category:Taiwan]] [[th:Category:ไต้หวัน]] [[zh:Category:台灣]] [[zh-yue:Category:台灣]] 1796 3195 2006-10-31T13:56:45Z GnuDoyng 13 Dṳ̀ng-sĭng dêng-hióng gáu [[Category:Dài-uàng]] #REDIRECT [[Category:Dài-uàng]] 1797 3256 2006-11-01T06:07:25Z Dcljr 31 + de: interwiki [[Category:Ê̤ṳng-hô]] [[en:Category:User de]] [[de:Kategorie:User de]] 1798 3264 2006-11-01T18:37:19Z Dcljr 31 + zh: interwiki [[Category:Ê̤ṳng-hô]] [[en:Category:User zh]] [[zh:Category:Zh 使用者]] 1799 3263 2006-11-01T18:35:26Z Dcljr 31 wuu: interwiki [[Category:Ê̤ṳng-hô]] [[wuu:Category:User wuu]] 1800 3271 2006-11-01T18:49:21Z Dcljr 31 + vi: interwiki [[Category:Ê̤ṳng-hô]] [[en:Category:User vi]] [[vi:Thể loại:User vi]] 1801 3270 2006-11-01T18:48:39Z Dcljr 31 + zh-min-nan: interwiki [[Category:Ê̤ṳng-hô]] [[en:Category:User zh-min-nan]] [[zh-min-nan:Category:User nan]] 1802 3269 2006-11-01T18:48:07Z Dcljr 31 + la: interwiki [[Category:Ê̤ṳng-hô]] [[en:Category:User la]] [[la:Categoria:Usor la]] 1803 3268 2006-11-01T18:47:03Z Dcljr 31 + ko: interwiki [[Category:Ê̤ṳng-hô]] [[en:Category:User ko]] [[ko:분류:사용자 ko]] 1804 3267 2006-11-01T18:44:14Z Dcljr 31 + ja: interwiki [[Category:Ê̤ṳng-hô]] [[en:Category:User ja]] [[ja:Category:User ja]] 1805 3212 2006-10-31T18:49:08Z Dcljr 31 Category:Ê̤ṳng-hô + interwiki to en: [[Category:Ê̤ṳng-hô]] [[en:Category:User it]] 1806 3266 2006-11-01T18:44:00Z Dcljr 31 + fr: interwiki [[Category:Ê̤ṳng-hô]] [[en:Category:User fr]] [[fr:Catégorie:Utilisateur fr]] 1807 3265 2006-11-01T18:42:39Z Dcljr 31 + es: interwiki [[Category:Ê̤ṳng-hô]] [[en:Category:User es]] [[es:Categoría:Usuarios por idioma - Español]] 1808 3215 2006-10-31T18:50:53Z Dcljr 31 Category:User zh [[Category:User zh]] 1809 3216 2006-10-31T18:50:59Z Dcljr 31 Category:User zh [[Category:User zh]] 1810 3217 2006-10-31T18:51:03Z Dcljr 31 Category:User zh [[Category:User zh]] 1811 3218 2006-10-31T18:51:58Z Dcljr 31 Category:User wuu [[Category:User wuu]] 1812 3219 2006-10-31T18:52:27Z Dcljr 31 Category:User vi [[Category:User vi]] 1813 3220 2006-10-31T18:52:37Z Dcljr 31 Category:User vi [[Category:User vi]] 1814 3221 2006-10-31T18:52:43Z Dcljr 31 Category:User vi [[Category:User vi]] 1815 3222 2006-10-31T18:52:51Z Dcljr 31 Category:User vi [[Category:User vi]] 1816 3223 2006-10-31T23:40:40Z Dcljr 31 Category:User de [[Category:User de]] 1817 3224 2006-10-31T23:40:54Z Dcljr 31 Category:User de [[Category:User de]] 1818 3225 2006-10-31T23:41:08Z Dcljr 31 Category:User de [[Category:User de]] 1819 3226 2006-10-31T23:41:48Z Dcljr 31 Category:User fr [[Category:User fr]] 1820 3227 2006-10-31T23:41:59Z Dcljr 31 Category:User fr [[Category:User fr]] 1821 3228 2006-10-31T23:42:11Z Dcljr 31 Category:User fr [[Category:User fr]] 1822 3229 2006-10-31T23:42:25Z Dcljr 31 Category:User es [[Category:User es]] 1823 3230 2006-10-31T23:42:32Z Dcljr 31 Category:User es [[Category:User es]] 1824 3231 2006-10-31T23:42:44Z Dcljr 31 Category:User es [[Category:User es]] 1825 3232 2006-10-31T23:42:54Z Dcljr 31 Category:User es [[Category:User es]] 1826 3233 2006-10-31T23:43:22Z Dcljr 31 Category:User it [[Category:User it]] 1827 3234 2006-10-31T23:43:27Z Dcljr 31 Category:User it [[Category:User it]] 1828 3235 2006-10-31T23:43:33Z Dcljr 31 Category:User it [[Category:User it]] 1829 3236 2006-10-31T23:43:38Z Dcljr 31 Category:User it [[Category:User it]] 1830 3237 2006-10-31T23:44:38Z Dcljr 31 Category:User nan [[Category:User nan]] 1831 3238 2006-10-31T23:44:54Z Dcljr 31 Category:User nan [[Category:User nan]] 1832 3239 2006-10-31T23:45:09Z Dcljr 31 Category:User nan [[Category:User nan]] 1833 3240 2006-10-31T23:45:23Z Dcljr 31 Category:User la [[Category:User la]] 1834 3241 2006-10-31T23:45:28Z Dcljr 31 Category:User la [[Category:User la]] 1835 3242 2006-10-31T23:45:34Z Dcljr 31 Category:User la [[Category:User la]] 1836 3243 2006-10-31T23:45:39Z Dcljr 31 Category:User la [[Category:User la]] 1837 3244 2006-10-31T23:46:09Z Dcljr 31 Category:User ko [[Category:User ko]] 1838 3245 2006-10-31T23:46:14Z Dcljr 31 Category:User ko [[Category:User ko]] 1839 3246 2006-10-31T23:46:19Z Dcljr 31 Category:User ko [[Category:User ko]] 1840 3247 2006-10-31T23:46:24Z Dcljr 31 Category:User ko [[Category:User ko]] 1841 3248 2006-10-31T23:46:40Z Dcljr 31 Category:User ja [[Category:User ja]] 1842 3249 2006-10-31T23:46:45Z Dcljr 31 Category:User ja [[Category:User ja]] 1843 3250 2006-10-31T23:46:49Z Dcljr 31 Category:User ja [[Category:User ja]] 1844 3251 2006-10-31T23:46:55Z Dcljr 31 Category:User ja [[Category:User ja]] 1845 edit=sysop:move=sysop 3345 2006-11-03T04:51:29Z GnuDoyng 13 Protected "[[Image:Wiki.png]]" [edit=sysop:move=sysop] 1848 3959 2006-12-09T08:08:19Z Yes0song 44 Taehang->Daehan(대한) {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<font size="+1">'''Hàng-guók''' |- | align="center" colspan=2 | [[Image:LocationSouthKorea.png|200px]] |- | '''Guók-gì''' | <center>[[Image:Flag of South Korea.svg|150px]]</center> |- | '''Guók-hŭi''' | <center>[[Image:South korea coa.png|150px]]</center> |- | '''Céng-dê cié-dô̤''' | [[Gê̤ṳng-huò-guók]] |- | '''Liāng-dô̤''' | Lù Ū-hièng (Cūng-tūng)</br>Hàng Mìng-sé̤ṳk (Siū-sióng) |- | '''Siū-dŭ''' | [[Siū-ék]] |- | '''[[Guăng-huŏng ngṳ̄-ngiòng]]''' | [[Dièu-siēng-ngṳ̄]] |- | '''Miêng-cék''' | 99,646 km² |- | '''Ìng-kēu''' | 48,846,823 (2006) |- | '''[[GDP]]''' | $9944 é (2005) |- | '''Ìng-gĭng GDP''' | $20,590 (2005) |- |} '''Hàng-guók''' (Hanguk) ciòng miàng hāu lā̤ „'''Dâi-hàng Mìng-guók'''“ (Daehan Minguk), sê [[Ā-ciŭ]] dĕ̤ng-buô Hàng Buáng-dō̤ (iâ hāu lă̤ Dièu-siēng Buáng-dō̤) gà̤-dēng gì siŏh bĭk [[guók-gă]]. Hàng-guók ciòng guók nè̤ng-só ô 4,500 uâng, gī-hù dŭ sê Hàng nè̤ng (Dièu-siēng nè̤ng). Hàng-guók găh ’60 nièng-dâi sìng-gŭng sĭk-hèng gì „nguôi-hióng ciō-dô̤ hìng“ gĭng-cá̤ huŏng-cĭng hâiu, téng lŏ̤h-hâiu gì nùng-ngiĕk guók-gă biéng có̤ Ā-ciŭ gĭng-cá̤ huák-dăk gì gĕ̤ng-ngiĕk guók-gă. Hàng-guók sê Ā-ciŭ [[Hĭ-lĭ-pĭng]] ī-hâiu dâ̤ nê duâi [[Gĭ-dók-gáu]] guŏk-gă. Hàng-guók hiêng-dâi ùng-huá găh Ā-ciŭ dĕk-biék găh [[Dṳ̆ng-guók]] ô siŏng-dŏng duâi gì īng-hiōng. ==Guók-miàng== Iòng-dŏng-diè [[Hók-ciŭ-uâ]] dŭ sê hāu Hàng-guók có̤ „Nàng Dièu-siēng“, téng Dṳ̆ng-guók gâe̤ng Hàng-guók siŭ-gău ī-hâiu, Hàng-guók cī bĭk miàng-chĭng ciáh kăi-sṳ̄ sāi. ==Lĭk-sṳ̄== Hàng-guók gì lik-sṳ̄ chiāng káng '''[[Hàng-guók lĭk-sṳ̄]]''' cī piĕng ùng-ciŏng. ==Dê-lī gâe̤ng Ké-hâiu== Hàng-guók găh Ā-ciŭ dĕ̤ng-buô Hàng Buáng-dō̤ nàng-buô, ké-hâiu sê gié-hŭng ké-hâiu. ===Dê-lī=== Hàng-guók găh Hàng Buáng-dō̤ nàng-buô, miêng-cék 9 uâng 9 ciĕng bìng-huŏng gŭng-lī, iéng 45% gì Hàng Buâng-dō̤. Hàng-guók báe̤k biĕng gâe̤ng sê Báik-hàng, sĕ̤ng-huŏng gák lā̤ 38-dô siáng. Dĕ̤ng-biĕng sê Nĭk-buōng Hāi (Hàng-guók hāu lă̤ Dĕ̤ng-hāi), Nàng-biĕng gák lā̤ Dâi-hàng Hāi-gău gâe̤ng [[Nĭk-buōng]] dó̤i sióng, Să̤ bieng sê Uòng-hāi (Hàng-guók hāu lā̤ Să̤-hāi). Cā̤-ciŭ dō̤ sê ciòng guók dék duâi gì dō̤. Téng siū-dŭ làu guó gì Háng-gĕ̤ng sê dék duâi gì gĕ̤ng. ===Ké-hâiu=== Hàng-guók ké-hâiu bī-gáu sék-hăk ìng-lôi, sé-gié ké-hâiu buŏng cĭng chĭng-chū. Iòng-dŏng-diè Hâ-tiĕng gá iĕk bêng-chiā sèu dâung huô, Dĕ̤ng-tiĕng chéng, kŭng-ké cĭng găng-só̤, chŭng chiŭ lâng gié ké-hâiu ĭng-dáe̤ng. Hàng-guók gì ŭng-dô chă-biék gá duâi. Tiĕng-chéng sèng-hâiu dék giâ ŭng-dô â̤ dăk gáu -15 dô, tiĕng iĕk sèng-hâiu dék gèng ŭng-dô â̤ dăk-gáu 35 dô. Dṳ̀ kŭi săng-kṳ̆, Hàng-guók gì bìng-gĭng ŭng-dô găh 10 gáu 16 dô cĭ-găng. Hâ-gié dék iĕk gì 8 nguŏk bìng-gĭng ŭng-dô sê 23~27 dô, Dĕ̤ng-gié dék chéng gì 1 nguŏk bìng-gĭng ŭng-dô sê -6~7dô, chiŭ-gié 10 nguŏk gì bìng-gĭng ŭng-dô sê 11~19 dô, chŭng-gié 5 nguŏk gì bìng-gĭng ŭng-dô sê 16~19 dô. Gōng nièng 50%~60% gì gáung-cūi-liông dŭ cĭk-dṳ̆ng găh tiĕng iĕk sèng-hâiu. Dĕ̤ng-gié téng 11 nguŏk â-uāng gáu 3 nguŏk siông-uāng cī siŏh dâung sì-găng dŭ mò̤ dâung-ṳ̄, tiĕng dŭ sê sàng gi. ==Hèng-céng Kṳ̆-mĭk== [[Image:Provinces_of_South_Korea.png|right|thumb|300px|Hàng-guók gì Hèng-céng Kṳ̆-mĭk (Ŭ-sáik dók-dók sê Dô̤-tĭng gì sū-câi)]] Hàng-guók buŏng có̤ 1 bĭk dĕk-biék-chê, 6 bĭk guōng-mĭk-chê, 1 bĭk dĕk-biék-cê̤ṳ-dé-dô̤, 8 bĭk dô̤ (To). Dĕk-biék-cê̤ṳ-dé-dô̤ sê 2006 nièng găh Dô̤ gì gĭ-chū gà̤-dēng siék-lĭk gì. Dĕk-biék-chê (T’ŭkpyŏlsi) :1 [[Siū-ék]] (Sŏul 서울) Guōng-mĭk-chê (Kwangyŏksi) :2. Puó-săng (Pusan 부산) :3. Dâi-kŭ (Taegu 대구) :4. Ìng-chiŏng (Inch’ŏn 인천) :5. Guŏng-ciŭ (Kwangju 광주) :6. Dâi-tèng (Taejŏn 대전) :7. Ók-săng (Ulsan 울산) Dô̤ (To) :8. Gĭng-gĭ Dô̤ (경기도) ::Dô̤-tĭng găh Sūi-nguòng (Suwŏn) :9. Gŏng-nguòng Dô̤ (강원도) ::Dô̤-tĭng găh Chŭng-chiŏng (Ch’unch’ŏn) :10. Dṳ̆ng-chĭng Báe̤k Dô̤ (충청북도) ::Dô̤-tĭng găh Chĭng-ciŭ (Ch’ŏngju) :11. Dṳ̆ng-chĭng Nàng Dô̤ (충청남도) ::Dô̤-tĭng găh Dâi-tièng (Taejŏn) :12. Ciòng-lò̤ Báe̤k Dô̤ (전라북도) ::Dô̤-tĭng găh Ciòng-ciŭ (Chŏnju) :13. Ciòng-lò̤ Nàng Dô̤ (전라남도) ::Dô̤-tĭng găh Guŏng-ciŭ (Kwangju) :14. Kéng-siòng Báe̤k Dô̤ (경상북도) ::Dô̤-tĭng găh Dâi-kŭ (Taegu) :15. Kéng-siòng Nàng Dô̤ (경상남도) ::Dô̤-tĭng găh Chiŏng-nguòng (Changwŏn) Dĕk-biék-cê̤ṳ-dé-dô̤ (T’ŭkpyŏl chach’ido) :16. Cā̤-ciŭ (Cheju 제주) ::Dô̤-tĭng găh Cā̤-ciŭ ==Ngiê-dāu lièng-giék== *[http://www.korea.net Céng-hū nă̤h] *[http://tchinese.seoul.go.kr Siū-ék Céng-hū] *[http://www.cwd.go.kr/warp/app/home/en_home Cĭng-nguâ Dài, Cūng-tūng máe̤ng] *[http://eng.assembly.go.kr Guók-huôi] *[http://www.worldmapfinder.com/Cn/Asia/Korea/ Hàng-guók Dê-dù - WorldMapFinder] [[Category:Guók-gă]] [[Category:Ā-ciŭ]] [[af:Suid-Korea]] [[am:ደቡብ ኮርያ]] [[an:Corea d'o Sur]] [[ar:كوريا الجنوبية]] [[ast:Corea del Sur]] [[az:Koreya Respublikası]] [[bg:Южна Корея]] [[br:Republik Korea]] [[bs:Južna Koreja]] [[ca:Corea del Sud]] [[chr:ᎤᎦᎾᏭ ᎢᏗᎵ ᎪᎴᎠ]] [[cs:Jižní Korea]] [[cy:De Corea]] [[da:Sydkorea]] [[de:Südkorea]] [[el:Νότια Κορέα]] [[en:South Korea]] [[eo:Sud-Koreio]] [[es:Corea del Sur]] [[et:Lõuna-Korea]] [[eu:Hego Korea]] [[fa:کره جنوبی]] [[fi:Korean tasavalta]] [[fr:Corée du Sud]] [[gl:Corea do Sur - 한국]] [[he:קוריאה הדרומית]] [[hi:दक्षिण कोरिया]] [[hr:Južna Koreja]] [[ht:Kore disid]] [[hu:Dél-Korea]] [[hy:Հարավային Կորեա]] [[ia:Corea del Sud]] [[id:Korea Selatan]] [[io:Sud-Korea]] [[is:Suður-Kórea]] [[it:Corea del Sud]] [[ja:大韓民国]] [[ka:სამხრეთი კორეა]] [[km:កូរេ (ត្បូង)]] [[kn:ದಕ್ಷಿಣ ಕೊರಿಯಾ]] [[ko:대한민국]] [[ku:Komara Korêyê]] [[kw:Korea Dheghow]] [[la:Respublica Coreae]] [[li:Zuud-Korea]] [[lt:Pietų Korėja]] [[lv:Dienvidkoreja]] [[mk:Јужна Кореја]] [[mo:Корея де Суд]] [[ms:Korea Selatan]] [[mt:Korea t'Isfel]] [[nds:Süüdkorea]] [[nl:Zuid-Korea]] [[nn:Sør-Korea]] [[no:Sør-Korea]] [[oc:Corèa del Sud]] [[pam:South Korea]] [[pl:Korea Południowa]] [[ps:سوېلي کوريا]] [[pt:Coreia do Sul]] [[ro:Coreea de Sud]] [[ru:Республика Корея]] [[scn:Corea dû Sud]] [[se:Mátta-Korea]] [[sh:Južna Koreja]] [[simple:South Korea]] [[sk:Kórejská republika]] [[sl:Južna Koreja]] [[sq:Korea Jugore]] [[sr:Јужна Кореја]] [[sv:Sydkorea]] [[sw:Jamhuri ya Korea]] [[ta:தென்கொரியா]] [[th:ประเทศเกาหลีใต้]] [[tl:Timog Korea]] [[tpi:Saut Korea]] [[tr:Kore Cumhuriyeti]] [[uk:Південна Корея]] [[vi:Hàn Quốc]] [[war:Salatan nga Korea]] [[wuu:韩国]] [[zh:大韩民国]] [[zh-classical:大韓民國]] [[zh-min-nan:Hân-kok]] [[zh-yue:大韓民國]] 1850 3364 2006-11-03T11:10:24Z GnuDoyng 13 Dṳ̀ng-sĭng dêng-hióng gáu [[Bìng-nàng]] #REDIRECT [[Bìng-nàng]] 1851 3377 2006-11-03T19:27:14Z GnuDoyng 13 [[Image:Jimmy-wales-frankfurt2005-alih02.jpg|thumb|150px|Cī-mī Ŭi-lò̤-sṳ̆, 2005 nièng găk [[Huák-làng-káik-hók]]|right]] '''Cī-mī Ŭi-lò̤-sṳ̆''' (芷米•威羅斯, Jimmy Wales), 1966 nièng 8 nguŏk 7 hô̤ chók-sié, [[Mī-guók]]-nè̤ng. Ĭ sê [[Wikipedia]] châung-bâing-ciā cĭ ék, [[Wikimedia Gĭ-gĭng-huôi]] lī-sê̤ṳ-huôi gì ìng-ê̤ṳ-ciō-sĭk, iâ sê [[Wikia]] gŭng-sĭ gì lō̤-bēng. 2006 nièng 5 nguŏk, Ŭi-lò̤-sṳ̆ ké̤ṳk [[Sì-dô̤i Ciŭ-kăng]] sōng có̤ 100 ciáh có̤i ô īng-hiōng-lĭk gì ìng-ŭk cĭ ék. [[Category:Ìng-ŭk]] [[Category:Wikipedia]] [[ar:جيمي ويلز]] [[ast:Jimmy Wales]] [[be:Джымі Ўэйлз]] [[bs:Jimmy Wales]] [[ca:Jimmy Wales]] [[cs:Jimmy Wales]] [[da:Jimmy Wales]] [[de:Jimmy Wales]] [[dv:Jimmy Wales]] [[el:Τζίμι Γουέιλς]] [[en:Jimmy Wales]] [[eo:Jimmy Wales]] [[es:Jimmy Wales]] [[eu:Jimmy Wales]] [[fa:جیمی ولز]] [[fi:Jimmy Wales]] [[fr:Jimmy Wales]] [[gl:Jimbo Wales]] [[he:ג'ימי ויילס]] [[hr:Jimmy Wales]] [[hu:Jimmy Wales]] [[id:Jimmy Wales]] [[it:Jimmy Wales]] [[ja:ジミー・ウェールズ]] [[ko:지미 웨일스]] [[la:Iacobus Wales]] [[lb:Jimmy Wales]] [[li:Jimmy Wales]] [[lt:Jimmy Wales]] [[ms:Jimmy Wales]] [[nl:Jimmy Wales]] [[nn:Jimmy Wales]] [[no:Jimmy Wales]] [[pl:Jimmy Wales]] [[pt:Jimmy Wales]] [[ro:Jimmy Wales]] [[ru:Уэйлс, Джимми Донал]] [[simple:Jimbo Wales]] [[sk:Jimmy Wales]] [[sl:Jimmy Wales]] [[sr:Џими Велс]] [[sv:Jimmy Wales]] [[ta:ஜிம்மி வேல்ஸ்]] [[th:จิมมี เวลส์]] [[tr:Jimmy Wales]] [[vi:Jimmy Wales]] [[war:Jimmy Wales]] [[zh:吉米·威爾士]] [[zh-yue:吉米·威爾士]] 1852 3876 2006-11-26T05:38:13Z GnuDoyng 13 /* Ngù gì ùng-huá */ [[Image:SalersBreed Cow 1.JPG|thumb|200px|Ngù|right]] '''Ngù''' (牛) sê 1 cṳ̄ng [[tàu-săng]]. [[Nè̤ng]] siăh ĭ gì [[nṳ̆k]], [[ngù-nèng]], sāi ĭ gì [[puòi]] gâe̤ng [[Gṳ̆ng (Dông-ŭk)|gṳ̆ng]], iâ sāi ĭ bà-chèng tuă [[chiă]], dēng-dēng. ==Ngù gì ùng-huá== Ngù sê [[Dṳ̆ng-guók]] 12 [[săng-ngáu]] dài-dŏng gì tàu-săng, bà̤ dâ̤ 2 ôi. Găk [[Éng-dô]], [[Éng-dô-gáu]] nêng-ùi ngù sê nè̤ng gì mū-chĭng, sê dék sìng-séng gì [[dông-ŭk]]. Ngù diŏh [[Să̤-huŏng]] [[ùng-huá]] diē-sié dâi-biēu cài-hó gâe̤ng lĭk-liông. {{Commons|Bos taurus|Ngù}} {{Wikispecies|Bos|Ngù}} [[Category:Dông-ŭk|Ŋ]] [[als:Hausrind]] [[ar:بقر]] [[bm:Misi]] [[bn:গরু]] [[bo:གླང་གོག་]] [[bs:Krava]] [[ca:Vaca]] [[cs:Tur domácí]] [[cy:Buwch]] [[da:Tamkvæg]] [[pdc:Kuh]] [[de:Hausrind]] [[en:Cattle]] [[es:Bos taurus]] [[eo:Bovo]] [[fa:گاو]] [[fr:Taureau]] [[gd:Bò]] [[gl:Vaca]] [[ko:소]] [[id:Sapi]] [[is:Nautgripur]] [[it:Mucca]] [[he:פרה]] [[kw:Bugh]] [[lt:Naminis jautis]] [[hu:Szarvasmarha]] [[ms:Lembu]] [[nl:Rundvee]] [[ja:ウシ]] [[no:Storfe]] [[nrm:Vaque]] [[ug:ظاقلعق ظعنةك]] [[pam:Baka]] [[nds:Rindveeh]] [[pl:Krowa]] [[pt:Boi]] [[ru:Домашний бык]] [[sc:Bàca]] [[simple:Cattle]] [[sl:Krava]] [[sr:Крава]] [[fi:Nauta]] [[sv:Ko]] [[tl:Baka]] [[tg:Гов]] [[tr:Sığır]] [[zh-yue:牛]] [[zh:牛]] [[zh-min-nan:Gû]] 1853 3381 2006-11-03T20:07:47Z GnuDoyng 13 [[Image:Blue morpho butterfly.jpg|200px|right]] Ciō dèu-mĕ̤k: [[Dông-ŭk]]. [[Category:Kuŏ-hŏk]] [[af:Kategorie:Dier]] [[ang:Category:Dēor]] [[ar:تصنيف:حيوانات]] [[an:Category:Animals]] [[ast:Categoría:Animales]] [[bg:Категория:Животни]] [[be:Катэгорыя:Жывёлы]] [[bm:Catégorie:Bagan]] [[ca:Categoria:Animals]] [[cs:Kategorie:Živočichové]] [[cy:Categori:Anifeiliaid]] [[da:Kategori:Dyr]] [[pdc:Category:Gediere]] [[de:Kategorie:Tiere]] [[en:Category:Animals]] [[et:Kategooria:Loomad]] [[es:Categoría:Animales]] [[eo:Kategorio:Animaloj]] [[fr:Catégorie:Animal]] [[gd:Category:Beathaichean]] [[he:קטגוריה:בעלי חיים]] [[hr:Kategorija:Životinje]] [[ko:분류:동물]] [[id:Kategori:Hewan]] [[io:Category:Animali]] [[ia:Categoria:Animales]] [[is:Flokkur:Dýr]] [[it:Categoria:Animali]] [[la:Categoria:Animalia]] [[lb:Category:Déiereräich]] [[li:Kategorie:Diere]] [[hu:Kategória:Állatok]] [[nah:Categoría:Yolkatl]] [[nl:Categorie:Dier]] [[ja:Category:動物]] [[no:Kategori:Dyr]] [[nn:Kategori:Dyr]] [[os:Категори:Цæрæгойтæ]] [[pl:Kategoria:Zwierzęta]] [[pt:Categoria:Animais]] [[ru:Категория:Животные]] [[sk:Kategória:Živočíchy]] [[sq:Category:Kafshë]] [[sr:Категорија:Животиње]] [[fi:Luokka:Eläimet]] [[sv:Kategori:Djur]] [[tr:Kategori:Hayvanlar]] [[vi:Thể loại:Giới Động vật]] [[uk:Категорія:Тварини]] [[zh-yue:Category:動物]] [[zh:Category:动物]] 1854 3382 2006-11-04T04:41:47Z 125.78.21.250 [[Image:Dubai-mw1.jpg|200px|right]] Ciō dèu-mĕ̤k: [[Dê-cék]]. [[Category:Kuŏ-hŏk]] [[af:Kategorie:Geologie]] [[als:Kategorie:Geologie]] [[ar:تصنيف:جيولوجيا]] [[an:Categoría:Cheolochía]] [[ast:Categoría:Xeoloxía]] [[az:Kateqoriya:Geologiya]] [[zh-min-nan:Category:Tē-chit-ha̍k]] [[be:Катэгорыя:Геалёгія]] [[bs:Kategorija:Geologija]] [[bg:Категория:Геология]] [[ca:Categoria:Geologia]] [[cv:Категори:Геологи]] [[cs:Kategorie:Geologie]] [[da:Kategori:Geologi]] [[de:Kategorie:Geologie]] [[en:Category:Geology]] [[et:Kategooria:Geoloogia]] [[el:Κατηγορία:Γεωλογία]] [[es:Categoría:Geología]] [[eo:Kategorio:Geologio]] [[eu:Kategoria:Geologia]] [[fa:رده:زمین‌شناسی]] [[fr:Catégorie:Géologie]] [[ga:Catagóir:Geolaíocht]] [[gl:Category:Xeoloxía]] [[ko:분류:지질학]] [[hr:Kategorija:Geologija]] [[io:Category:Geologio]] [[id:Kategori:Geologi]] [[os:Категори:Геологи]] [[is:Flokkur:Jarðfræði]] [[it:Categoria:Geologia]] [[he:קטגוריה:גאולוגיה]] [[csb:Kategòrëjô:Geòlogijô]] [[la:Categoria:Geologia]] [[lv:Kategorija:Ģeoloģija]] [[lb:Category:Geologie]] [[lt:Kategorija:Geologija]] [[lmo:Category:Geulugía]] [[hu:Kategória:Geológia]] [[mk:Категорија:Геологија]] [[nl:Categorie:Geologie]] [[nds-nl:Categorie:Geologie]] [[ja:Category:地質学]] [[no:Kategori:Geologi]] [[nn:Kategori:Geologi]] [[oc:Categoria:Geologia]] [[pl:Kategoria:Geologia]] [[pt:Categoria:Geologia]] [[ro:Categorie:Geologie]] [[ru:Категория:Геология]] [[simple:Category:Geology]] [[sk:Kategória:Geológia]] [[sl:Kategorija:Geologija]] [[sr:Категорија:Геологија]] [[sh:Category:Geologija]] [[fi:Luokka:Geologia]] [[sv:Kategori:Geologi]] [[tl:Category:Heolohiya]] [[th:หมวดหมู่:ธรณีวิทยา]] [[tr:Kategori:Jeoloji]] [[uk:Категорія:Геологія]] [[zh:Category:地质学]] 1856 3422 2006-11-05T10:56:23Z GnuDoyng 13 Dṳ̀ng-sĭng dêng-hióng gáu [[Kuóh-dà̤]] #REDIRECT [[Kuóh-dà̤]] 1857 3423 2006-11-05T11:06:17Z GnuDoyng 13 Dṳ̀ng-sĭng dêng-hióng gáu [[Kuóh-dà̤]] #REDIRECT [[Kuóh-dà̤]] 1858 3424 2006-11-05T11:07:05Z GnuDoyng 13 Dṳ̀ng-sĭng dêng-hióng gáu [[Kuóh-dà̤]] #REDIRECT [[Kuóh-dà̤]] 1859 3426 2006-11-06T02:00:07Z Chbu 19 Mìng-âiu Hèng-céng kṳ-mih dù Mìng-âiu Hèng-céng kṳ-mih dù 1860 3591 2006-11-09T15:00:07Z Chbu 19 /* Nè̤ng-só gâe̤ng Ngū-ngiòng */ Ó̤-muòng sê Dṳng-guók nàng huong gì sioh bih dek-biék hèng-céng-kṳ, ciòng miàng hāu lā̤ „Ó̤-muòng Dek-biék Hèng-céng-kṳ“, sê Dṳng-guók lâng bih Dek-biék hèng-céng-kṳ ci-ék. ==Miàng-ching gì Lài-iù== Ó̤-muòng gah Mìng-dièu lik-sṳ̄-cṳ gà̤-dēng gé ô, hiā sì-hâiu Âu-muòng géu lă̤ „Hò̤-giáng“, sê Bò̤-dò̤-ngà gâe̤ng Dṳng-guók có̤-seng-é gì ciō iéu ka-nó̤h-gē̤ng. Bò̤-dò̤-ngà nè̤ng gah Ó̤-muòng siông-ngiâng âiu, cêu hióng dong-dê nè̤ng cia ciā ôi-dó̤I gì miàng cê, ing-dioh cia-muóng gì ôi-dé gah sioh gang Mā-cū miêu bòng-bieng, dong-dê-nèng gó-háng lă̤ Bò̤-nè̤ng cia gì sê ciā miêu gì miàng cê, cêu éng gōng „Mā gó̤h“, iù sê Ó̤-muòng gì nguôi-ùng miâng cê cêu hāu lă̤ „Macau“. ==Lik-sṳ̄== 1623 nièng Bò̤-guók céng-hū gah Ó̤-muòng kiū siék cūng-dók. 1999 nièng Bò̤-guók ciong Ó̤-muòng gì guāng-lī guòng iè-dèng ké̤ṳk Dṳng-guók, iòng-hâiu Dṳng-guók gah cī siék lik Ó̤-muòng Dek-biék Hèng-céng-kṳ ===20 sié-gī Sèng=== Ó̤-muòng nguòng-lā̤ sê Guōng-de̤ng Sēng Hiong-sang Gâing (dāng hāu lā̤ „Dṳng-sang Chê“) guāng lī. 1557 nièng, Bò̤-nè̤ng buóh dih kók Ó̤-muòng dêu-làu gì guòng-lik (dêu-làu-guòng), hiā sì-hâiu gì Mìng-dièu céng-hū pie-cūng i-cà̤ gì chiāng-giù. Bò̤-nè̤ng cêu siàng có̤ tàu-tàu pie â̤ gah Dṳng-guók dêu-làu gì Eu-ciu guók ga gì nè̤ng. Ó̤-muòng dék che̤ sê Goa ching-uòng guāng-lī gì, 1623 nièng Bò̤-guók céng-hū ciáh gah Ó̤-muòng siék lik Ó̤-muòng cūng-dók, Mā-sê̤ṳ-ga-lô-iā siàng có̤ tàu-êng cūng-dók. 1844 nièng 9 nguok 20 hô̤, Bò̤-guók Nṳ̄-uòng Mā-lê-ā Nê-sié song buó Ó̤-muòng sê „Cê̤ṳ-iù gē̤ng“, 5 nièng ī hâiu, Bò̤-guók mò̤ hióng Dṳng-guók giēu cu-ging. 1851 nièng, Bò̤-guók chók bing iéng ô Tàng-giāng dō̤. 1864 nièng gái chók-bing iéng dioh Lô-kuàng dō̤. 1883 nièng Bò̤-guók bô chók-bing iéng Uông-hâ gâe̤ng Ching-ciu. 1887 nièng, Bò̤-guók céng-hū ang Ching-guók céng hū chieng hiek ngiê «Dṳng-Bò̤ Huôi-ngiê cā-iók» gâe̤ng «Dṳng-Bò̤ iū-hō̤ tung-siong dèu-iók». Dèu-iók gie diâng „Bò̤-guók īng uōng guāng lī Ó̤-muòng gâe̤ng sū-ī sṳk Ó̤-muòng gì dê huong, cing chiông Bò̤-guók gì ṳ̀ ôi-dó̤i siong-iông“. 1896 nièng, Bò̤-guók buóh-āi gái iéng hó-gê̤ṳng gì Duâi Huòng-kìng do̤ gâe̤ng Nâṳng Huòng-kìng dō̤, ng-guó mò̤ iéng ô. ===20 sié-gī hâiu=== 1908 nièng, Bò̤-guók buóh-āi kuók gái, ciā uak diâng Ó̤-muòng gì bieng-gái. 1961 nièng Bò̤-guók song buó Ó̤-muòng sê lṳ̄-iù-kṳ, ṳ̄ng-hṳ̄ Gung-kui-dṳ̄-cièng, gô song buó gong-kui dū-cièng huák-luk. 1974 nièng 4 nguok 25 hô̤, Bò̤-guók gáik-mêng sìng-gong, sing gì céng-hū song buó sie-hèng „Hi sik-mìng-huá céng cáik“, sìng-nêng Ó̤-muòng ng-sê sik-mìng-dê, sê Dṳng-guók gì guók-tū. 1986 nièng, Dṳng-guók gâe̤ng Bò̤-guók kui-huôi 4 lùng, dàng-puáng Ó̤-muòng ciō-guòng iè-dèng gì ông-dà̤. 1987 nièng 4 nguok 13 hô̤ cieng ô «Ô guang Ó̤-muòng ông-dà̤ gì lièng hak sing-mìng» gâe̤ng lâng bih hó-ga ùng-giông. «Lièng-hak sing-mìng» diē-sié gōng Ó̤-muòng dê-kṳ sê Dṳng-guók gì guók-tū, Bò̤-guók céng-hū gah 1999 nièng 12 nguok 20 hô̤ ciong Ó̤-muòng gì guāng-lī guòng iè-dèng ké̤ṳk Dṳng-guók. 1993 nièng Dṳng-guók song buó «Ó̤-muòng Dek-biék Hèng-céng-kṳ Gi-buōng huák», ciā «Gi-buōng huák» â-nik cêu siàng có̤ Ó̤-muòng gì hiêng-huák. 1999 nièng 12 nguok 20 hô̤ buáng-màng 0 diēng, lâng guók céng-hū gah Ó̤-muòng iè-gau ciō-guòng, dâ̤ nê cā, Dṳng-guók Gāi-hóng-gung kui diē Ó̤-muòng, Dṳng-guók ciáng-sék guāng-lī Ó̤-muòng. ==Dê-lī gâe̤ng Ké-hâiu== [[Image:AdministrativeDivisionOfMacao-Chinese.png|300px|right|thumb|Ó̤-muòng dê-dù]] Ó̤-muòng gah Dṳng-guók nàng buô hāi-gièng, sê Hâ-gié duo-ṳ̄ gì nōng-ung ké-hâiu. ===Dê-lī=== Ó̤-muòng gah báe̤k-ūi 22° 11′ 47″, de̤ng-giang 113° 32′ 58″. Ó̤-muòng buong có̤ sang bih buó huông. Sioh bih sê Ó̤-muòng buáng-dō̤, Ó̤-muòng buáng-dō̤ gâe̤ng Dṳng-guók lièng sioh-do̤i, gái lì sê Tàng-giāng dō̤ gâe̤ng Lô-kuàng dō̤. Miêng-cék du-liāng ô 27.5 bìng-huong gung-lī, dioh uōng-bong muòi dèng-hāi sèng hâiu, miêng-cék gó mò̤ gáu 3 bìng-huong gong-lī. Dê-lī gà-dēng gì dék-gèng-diēng sê Lô-kuàng dō̤ gà-dēng gì Sioh-tàng-sang sang-dīng, ô 172.4 mī. ===Ké-hâiu=== Ô-muòng dioh gié-hung kṳ diē-sié, tieng-iek sèng hâiu cing sèu dâung-ṳ̄. Ó̤-muòng Chung-gié ng mìng-hiēng, 5 nguók dā̤ tieng kiū iek ī-hâiu sê gáu sa̤-nàng hāi hung gì ī-hiōng̤ sèu sèu â̤ dâung hò̤-huô he̤k cia có̤ hung-tai. Téng 10 nguok tiāu gáu 12 nguok cī dâung sì-gang sê chiu-gié, cī dâung sì-gang gì tieng-ké dék ūng-dêng, gì hu ge̤ng-ge̤ng du ô nik tàu puoh, ng-guó nik tàu puoh lă̤ mâ̤ iek, sék-dô iâ mâ̤ gèng, sê sioh nèng dài-gong dék sōng-kuái gì sèng-hâiu. 11 nguok dā̤ tieng-ké kiū chéng, gáu 12 nguok téng báe̤k hung lì gì lēng ké-tuàng â̤ īng-hiōng Ó̤-muòng, sāi ciā ung-dô̤ dâung gáu 10 dô̤ â-dā̤. ==Nè̤ng-só gâe̤ng Ngṳ̄-ngiòng== Ó̤-muòng ô 48 uâng nè̤ng, dong-dê gōng Uok-ngṳ̄ Guōng-ciu uâ. ===Nè̤ng-só=== Áng Ó̤-muòng Tūng-gé Puō-cha Guoh gì tūng-gé, gáu 2005 nièng 9 nguok 30 hô̤, Ó̤-muòng nè̤ng só du-liāng ô 48 uâng 2 chieng nè̤ng. Háng-nè̤ng ciéng 97%, Bò̤-nèng gâe̤ng gì-ṳ̀ huang-nè̤ng ciéng 3%. Háng-nè̤ng dài-dong ciō iéu sê gōng Uok-ngṳ̄ gì Uok-nè̤ng, gó ô gô-dā̤ téngHók-gióng lì gì iè-mìng. ===Ngṳ̄-ngiòng=== Áng Ó̤-muòng gì huák-luk, Dṳng-ùng gâe̤ng Bò̤-dò̤-ngà-ùng du sê guong-huong ngṳ̄-ngiòng. Dáng Ó̤-muòng nè̤ng bàng-siòng du sê gōng Uok-ngṳ̄ Guōng-ciu uâ. Gó ô nék giāng cū-cik dioh Hók-gióng gì Ó̤-muòng nè̤ng â̤ hiēu gōng Mìng-nàng uâ. Dioh Ó̤-muòng gó ô sioh cṳ̄ng hāu lă̤ „Ó̤-muòng Ngṳ̄ (Macanese)“ gì ngū-ngiòng. Cī cṳ̄ng ngṳ̄-ngiòng sê Bò̤-dò̤-ngà ngṳ̄, Mā-lài ngṳ̄, Uok ngṳ̄, Ing ngṳ̄, Gô Bò̤-dò̤-ngà ngṳ̄ kiak sioh do̤i hâiu buóh chók gì. Gah Bò̤-dò̤-ngà ngṳ̄ diē-sié, cī cṳ̄ng ngṳ̄-ngiòng hāu lă̤ „Patuá“, ciō iéu gah Ó̤-muòng buōng-iòng gì Bò̤-nè̤ng sāi. Ng guó, hiêng káik sì cī cṳ̄ng ngṳ̄-ngiòng ī ging ciók-gōng gŏ̤ lāu. ==Ging-cá̤== ’50 gáu ’70 nièng-dâi, páu-tiông, cê-lài-huōi gâe̤ng hiong-siáng sê Ó̤-muòng diòng-tūng gì chiu-gē̤ng hòng-ngiek. Céng gáu ’70 nièng dâi hâiu, có̤ i-siòng, hài-cié-pīng, diêng-cṳ̄, káh-dièu nó̤h gâe̤ng ìng-ge̤ng-hua dē̤ng siàng ôi cie puói Ó̤-muòng ging-cà̤ gì chiū-ge̤ng hòng-ngiek. Ó̤-muòng suói-diē ciō iéu āi Gung-kui-dū-cièng ngiek gâe̤ng lṳ̄-iù ngiek. 2002 nièng Gk-dū-cièng ngiek tì gê̤ṳng 4 siàng gì suói-diē, gáu 2004 nièng dak gáu 7 siàng buáng. Ó̤-muòng gì ciō iéu mâu-ik-buong sê Mī-guók, Eu-ciu lièng-hak, Dṳng-guók nô̤i-dê Hiong-gē̤ng gâe̤ng Nik-buōng. ==Cūng-gáu== Ó̤-muòng nè̤ng cio iéu séng-iōng sê Hók-gáu gâe̤ng Mìng-gang séng-iōng (Guang-neng gâe̤ng Mā-cū gá sì-hèng gĭ). Tieng-ciō gáu Ó̤-muòng gáu-kṳ gah 1576 nièng 1 nguok 23 hô̤ kiū siék, tàu-tàu ôi ciō-gáu sê Ìng-cṳ̀-dòng gì cháung-sṳ̄ nè̤ng Gá-nà̤-lò̤. Tàu-tàu ôi Háng-nè̤ng ciō-gáu sê Lì Ga-cóng ciō-gáu. Hiêng káik sì gì ciō-gáu sê Là̤ Hùng-sing, i iâ sê tàu-tàu ciáh Ó̤-muòng buōng gē̤ng gì Háng-nè̤ng ciō-gáu. Ing dioh guāng-lī-guòng iè-dèng ci sèng cing sâ̤ Ô̤-muòg buōng-iòng Bò̤-nè̤ng diōng gáu Bò̤-dò̤-ngà, hiêng sì câi gáu-iū ī Háng-nè̤ng ùi-ciō. ==Ngiê-dāu lièng-giék== *[http://www.gov.mo/ Ó̤-muòng duâi-muòng máe̤ng ] *[http://www.cityguide.gov.mo/ Ó̤-muòng siàng-chê cī-īng] *[http://www.macau99.org.mo/ Ciō-guòng iè-dèng lā̤-ngiê] *[http://www.macautourism.gov.mo/ Ó̤-muòng lṳ̄-iù-guoh] [[Category:Siàng-chê|Ö]] [[Category:Dṳ̆ng-guók|Ö]] [[ar:ماكاو]] [[an:Macau]] [[zh-min-nan:Ò-mn̂g]] [[ca:Macau]] [[cs:Macao]] [[da:Macao]] [[de:Macao]] [[en:Macau]] [[et:Aomen]] [[el:Μακάου]] [[es:Macao]] [[eo:Makao]] [[eu:Macau]] [[fr:Macao]] [[gl:Macau - 澳门]] [[ko:마카오]] [[io:Macau]] [[id:Makau]] [[ia:Macao]] [[is:Makaó]] [[it:Macao]] [[he:מקאו]] [[ka:მაკაო]] [[lb:Macau]] [[lt:Makao]] [[hu:Makaó]] [[ms:Macau]] [[nl:Macau]] [[ja:マカオ]] [[no:Macao]] [[nn:Macao]] [[ug:ئاۋمېن]] [[pl:Makau]] [[pt:Macau]] [[ro:Macao]] [[ru:Макао]] [[simple:Macau]] [[sk:Macao]] [[sl:Macao]] [[sr:Макау]] [[sh:Makao]] [[fi:Macao]] [[sv:Macao]] [[th:เขตบริหารพิเศษมาเก๊า]] [[vi:Ma Cao]] [[tr:Makao]] [[zh-yue:澳門]] [[zh:澳門]] 1861 3623 2006-11-11T03:17:11Z GnuDoyng 13 /* Ngù-ngṳ̄ gì Ùng-hok */ Ngù-ngṳ̄ sê Háng-nè̤ng gōng gì sioh cṳ̄ng ngṳ̄-ngiòng. Gōng Ngù-ngṳ̄ gì nè̤ng ciō iéu dêu gah Gong-nàng dê-kṳ gì Gong-su gâe̤ng Ciék-gong lâng bih sēng diē-sié, ing chṳ̄ Ngù-ngṳ̄ iâ hāu lă̤ „Gong-nàng uâ“, „Gong-ciék uâ“. ==Lik-sṳ̄== Ngù-ngṳ̄ sê sioh cṳ̄ng gá gū gì ngṳ̄-ngiòng. Gung-nguòng sèng 2500 nièng, sioh cṳ̄ng Háng-nè̤ng gōng gì ngṳ̄-ngiòng téng Chū-guók diòng gáu ging-dáng Gong-nàng dê-kṳ gì Ngù-guók gâe̤ng Uok-guók, cī lâng bih guók ga siông-liù siá-huôi gì nè̤ng cêu gōng cī cṳ̄ng Háng-nè̤ng gì ngṳ̄-ngiòng, cī ngṳ̄-ngiòng cêu sê Gu-cā Ngù-ngṳ̄. Gáu gung-nguòng 4 sié-gī De̤ng-céng dièu sì-hâiu, téng báe̤k huong lì gì nè̤ng gáu cī, ing dioh i-cà̤ gì céng-dê dê-ôi gèng guó dong-dê-nè̤ng, i-cà̤ gōng gì báe̤k-huong-uâ dó̤i Ngù-ngṳ̄ īng-hiōng iā duâi, Ngù-ngṳ̄ ing chṳ̄ páh-dâung cing sâ̤ Gū-cā Ngù-ngṳ̄ gì dek-sáik, cī dek-sáik dang-dō̤ bō̤-làu gah ging-dáng Hók-gióng buōng iòng gì gáuk-cṳ̄ng Mìng-ngṳ̄ diē-sié. Ging-dáng gì Ngù-ngṳ̄ sê Dṳng-guók dâ̤ nê duâi ngṳ̄-ngiòng. ng guó, i ng chióng Uok-ngṳ̄ he̤k Mìng-nàng ngṳ̄ hūng-kuāng ô seng-mêng, ciáng-gie sing-ùng ciék muk diē-sié cing ciēu kek Ngù-ngṳ̄ bó̤-ing. Ging-dáng Ngù-ngṳ̄ kṳ ô heng sâ̤ gì hâiu-sang-giang iā ging mâ̤ gōng Ngù-ngṳ̄ lāu, ô gì gó máik tiang gŏ̤ lāu. ==Dê-lī Hung-buó gâe̤ng Buong-cū== Gōng Ngù-ngṳ̄ gì nè̤ng ciō iéu dêu gah Gong-nàng dê-kṳ gì Gong-su gâe̤ng Ciék-gong lâng bih sēng diē-sié, ing chṳ̄ Ngù-ngṳ̄ iâ hāu lă̤ „Gong-nàng uâ“, „Gong-ciék uâ“. Gōng Ngù-ngṳ̄ gì nè̤ng duâi iók ô 8 chieng uâng. Ngù-ngṳ̄ áng gáuk-dê gì cha-biék â̤ buong có̤ 6 cū. ===Dê-lī Hung-buó=== Gah Hók-gióng, Puō-siàng Gâing dṳng buô gâe̤ng báe̤k buô 11 bih hiong dêng diē-sié, iók ô 20~30 uâng nè̤ng â̤ hiēu gōng Ngù-ngṳ̄, cī cṳ̄ng Ngù-ngṳ̄ géu lă̤ Puō-siàng uâ. Gah Gong-su Sēng, gōng Ngù-ngṳ̄ gì nè̤ng ciō iéu dêu gah Dòng-gē̤ng ī nàng dê-kṳ, ge̤ng báe̤k gì Nàng-tung iâ ô gōng Ngù-ngṳ̄ gì nè̤ng. Ciék-gong Sēng dṳ̀ dē̤ng-nàng buô gó̤-biék dê-huong ī nguòi, gōng sēng du gōng Ngù-ngṳ̄. Ng guó, Ciék-gong nàng buô gâe̤ng báe̤k buô gì Ngù-ngṳ̄ ô cing duâi gì cha biék. Gah Nàng-buô, dái biēu gì uâ sê Ung-ciu uâ. Báe̤k buô Sēng-du Hòng-ciu sū gōng gì Hòng-ciu uâ gah Nàng-sé̤ṳng dièu sèng-hâiu sêu gáu báe̤k huong uâ gì īng-hiōng cing duâi, gâe̤ng ciu-bieng gì Ngù-ngṳ̄ ô cha-biék. Ang-hui Sēng gōng Ngù-ngṳ̄ gì nè̤ng cī iéu gah Dung-nàng buô, Song-ciu, Ù-hò̤ dēng dê-kṳ. Gōng-sā̤ Sēng gōng Ngù-ngṳ̄ gì chê-gâing sê: Siông-nièu Chê, Siông-nièu Gâing, Ngṳk-sang Gâing, Guōng-hung Gâing. ===Buong-cū=== Ngù-ngṳ̄ buong có̤ 6 bih kṳ, Tái-hù, Dai-ciu, De̤ng-eu, Ô-ciu, Ché̤ṳ-gṳ̀ gâe̤ng Song-ciu. Tái-hù kṳ bau-kuók Gong-su Sēng nàng buô, Ang-hui Sēng dung-nàng buô, Siông-hāi Chê ciòng buô gâe̤ng Ciék-gong Sēng báe̤k buô. Ciék-gong Sēng Dai-ciu Chê sū guāng-lī gì 10 bih chê gâe̤ng gâing gōng gì uâ sṳk Dai-ciu kṳ Ngù-ngṳ̄. Ciék-gong Sēng Ung-ciu Chê gōng gì Ngù-ngṳ̄ sṳk De̤ng-eu kṳ Ngù-ngṳ̄. Ô nè̤ng giéng gáe̤k De̤ng-eu kṳ éng-gai-dong biáng gáu Mìng-ngṳ̄ diē-sié, iâ ô nè̤ng nêng-ùi De̤ng-eu kṳ gì Ngù-ngṳ̄ éng-gai-dong duk-lik có̤ Eu-ngṳ̄. Ché̤ṳ-gṳ̀ kṳ gì Ngù-ngṳ̄ hung-buó gah Ciék-gong sa̤-nàng buô̤ Gong-sa̤ de̤ng-báe̤k buô, Hók-gióng Puō-siàng gì Ngù-ngṳ̄ iâ sṳk cī bih kṳ. Ô-ciu kṳ Ngù-ngṳ̄ hung-buó gah Ciék-gong Sēng sa̤ buô gì Ging-huà Chê. Song-ciu kṳ gì Ngù-ngṳ̄ hung-buó gah Ang-hui Sēng Song-ciu Chê ==Dái-biēu uâ== Ngù-ngṳ̄ dái-biēu gì sê bih uâ sê Su-ciu uâ, Siông-hāi uâ, Ung-ciu uâ, gâe̤ng Hòng-ciu uâ. Gì-dṳng dék ô miàng gĭ sê Su-ciu uâ gâe̤ng Siông-hāi uâ. Su-ciu gah Gong-su Sēng nàng buô, sê miàng dék tāu gì Ngù-ngṳ̄ siàng-chê, cu-uái gì Ngù-ngṳ̄ hāu lă̤ „Su-ciu uâ“. Su-ciu uâ gah hok-suk gái gà̤-dēng, ék-cái sê Ngù-ngṳ̄ gì dái biēu. 19 sié-gī buóh-sang gì Ngù-ngṳ̄ ùng-hok cêu sê kek Su-ciu uâ siā gĭ. Ging-dáng ô miàng gì Su-ciu pàng-dàng iâ sê kek Su-ciu uâ lì chióng. Siông-hāi góng chê du sê gōng Ngù-ngṳ̄, Siông-hāi gì Ngù-ngṳ̄ iòng-dong-diè hāu lă̤ „Siông-hāi uâ“. Siông-hāi uâ sê sùi lā̤ Siông-hāi huák-diēng kī-lì ciáh hing kī gì, gâe̤ng Â-muòng ô sioh-sék, du sê „hâiu-sié-hing“. Siông-hāi uâ sêu Su-ciu uâ īng-hiong cing duâi, tek biék sê ing-ông gà̤-dē̤ng. Ging-dáng Siông-hāi sê Dṳng-guók dék duâi gì siàng-chê, ô sâ̤ gì nguôi-dê nè̤ng he̤k ciā nguôi-guók nè̤ng du ô o̤h Siông-hāi uâ, mò̤ lâung gah Dṳng-guók gó sê Hiong-gē̤ng, Dài-uang, du ô mâ̤ Siông-hāi uâ gì gáu-kuo-cṳ, iâ ô Siông-hāi uâ gì buòi-hóng-bang. ==Ngù-ngṳ̄ gì Ing-ông dek-sáik== Ngù-ngṳ̄ gì ing-ông sê gá còng-gū gì, tek biék sê i gì siang-mō̤. Ngù-ngṳ̄ ging dáng gó uòng-cīng bō̤ làu gū-cā Háng-ngṳ̄ gì de̤k-siang-mū. Ging-dáng mò̤ lâung Huà-ngṳ̄ gó sê Hók-ciu uâ du mò̤ bō̤ còng cī cṳ̄ng siang-mū lāu. Chiông „藏“ gah Hók-ciu uâ te̤k /tsɔuŋ/, siang-mū /ts/ ng sê de̤k-siang-mū. Dáng gah Ngù-ngṳ̄ Su-ciu uâ diē-sié, „藏“ te̤k có̤ /dzã:/, siang-mṳ̄ /dz/ sê de̤k-siang-mū. O̤h Mìng-nàng-ngṳ̄ sioh iông, Ngù-ngṳ̄ ô pé-ông-mū, sèng-sāu gōng gì „câung“ gah Su-ciu uâ diē-sié te̤k /dzã:/, cī bi /ã/ cêu sê pé-ông-mū. Ngù-ngṳ̄ gì péng-ông-muōi nâ ô /ŋ/ gâe̤ng /n/ gì kṳ-biék, /m/ ī-ging gah âiu-sié gì huák diēng dài dōng gâe̤ng /n/ hak-biáng gŏ̤ lāu. Hiêng-câi, lièng /ŋ/ du ô gâe̤ng /n/ hak-biáng gì iông-sék. Ngù-ngṳ̄ gì sék-ông-muōi nâ ô hò̤-lè̤ng sék-muōi /ʔ/ sioh bih gŏ̤ lāu Ngù-ngṳ̄ ô 6~7 bih siang-diêu, siang-diêu â̤ téng cṳ̄-ing gì dòng-dō̤i gâe̤ng siang-mū gì ching-de̤k lì hung-biêng. Cī-lâng-bong, Siông-hāi uâ gì siang-dièu duâi tó̤i-huá, nâ diông 5 bih gŏ̤ lāu. ==Ngù-ngṳ̄ gì Ùng-hok== Ngù-ngṳ̄ gì ùng-hok sê Dṳng-guók dê-huong ngṳ̄-ngiòng ùng-hok dài-dong gá ô lik gì sioh cie, Ngù-ngṳ̄ gì sṳ̀ ciâ lā̤ ùng-hok gâe̤ng Ngù-ngṳ̄ kṳ gì ùng-ìng cêng-diē gáu Huà-ngṳ̄ dài-dong. Ngù-ngṳ̄ gì sṳ-go̤ (hāu lă̤ Ngù-go̤) bī siēu-sióh cā buóh-sang. Gó Giék-gong gah «Ngù-go̤ siēu sṳ̄» gà̤-dēng giéng gáe̤k Ngù-go̤ â̤ te̤ng gâe̤ng «Sṳ Ging» siong piâng. Dék ô miàng gì Ngù-go̤ sê â-dā̤ cī siū: ::月子彎彎照九州，　(Nguok-cṳ̄ uang-uang ciéu Giū-ciu) ::幾家歡樂幾家愁？　(Gī ga huang-lok gī ga chèu) ::幾人夫婦同羅帳？　(Gī ìng hu-hô dùng lò̤ dióng) ::幾人飄流在他州？　(Gī ìng pieu lìu câi ta-ciu) Ngù-ngṳ̄ gì siēu-sióh buóh-sang gah Sé̤ṳng Nguòng dièu, Uōng-ching sì-hâiu dek biék hing. Gah Ngù-ngṳ̄ siēu-sióh dài-dong, dék ô miàng gì siēu-sióh sê Diong Nàng-huá siā gì «Hò̤ Diēng», cī buô siēu-sióh gâe̤ng «Mìng-du biék gé» sioh sék, du sê kek dê-huong ngṳ̄-ngiòng kiak lă̤ ùng-ngiòng-ùng siāng gì, diē-sié ô iā sâ̤ dê huong ngṳ̄-ngiòng gì sṳk-ngṳ̄-gōng, sìng-ngṳ̄ lo̤h sié-nó̤h. Uōng-ching sì hâiu, Hàng Bong-kéng siā ô «Hāi-siông-hua liek diông», ci buô siēu-sióh iâ cing ô miàng, ing ôi siēu-sióh diē-sié nè̤ng gâe̤ng nè̤ng ci-gang gì gōng-uâ gi-buōng kek Su-ciu kēu-ngṳ̄ siā. {{Interwiki|code=wuu}} [[Category:Ngṳ̄-ngiòng|Ŋ]] [[ast:Chinu vu]] [[br:Woueg]] [[de:Wu (Sprache)]] [[en:Wu (linguistics)]] [[es:Idioma wu]] [[fr:Wu (langue)]] [[nl:Wu (taal)]] [[ja:呉方言]] [[pl:Język wu]] [[pt:Língua wu]] [[ro:Şanhaieză]] [[fi:Wu-kiina]] [[zh:吴语]] [[wuu:吴语]] 1863 3447 2006-11-06T10:19:23Z GnuDoyng 13 Dṳ̀ng-sĭng dêng-hióng gáu [[Tàu Hiăh]] #REDIRECT [[Tàu Hiăh]] 1865 3467 2006-11-06T12:45:25Z GnuDoyng 13 [[Image:Jonquil flowers06.jpg|200px|right]] Ciō dèu-mĕ̤k: [[Sĭk-ŭk]]. [[Category:Kuŏ-hŏk]] [[ar:تصنيف:نباتات]] [[an:Categoría:Plantas]] [[ast:Categoría:Plantes]] [[be:Катэгорыя:Расьліны]] [[bg:Категория:Растения]] [[ca:Categoria:Plantes]] [[cs:Kategorie:Rostliny]] [[cy:Categori:Planhigion]] [[da:Kategori:Planter]] [[de:Kategorie:Pflanzen]] [[en:Category:Plants]] [[et:Kategooria:Taimed]] [[el:Κατηγορία:Φυτά]] [[es:Categoría:Botánica sistemática]] [[eo:Kategorio:Plantoj]] [[fr:Catégorie:Flore]] [[fy:Kategory:Plantesoart]] [[ko:분류:식물]] [[hr:Kategorija:Biljke]] [[io:Category:Planti]] [[id:Kategori:Tumbuhan]] [[os:Категори:Зайæгойтæ]] [[is:Flokkur:Plöntur]] [[it:Categoria:Piante]] [[ka:კატეგორია:მცენარეები]] [[sw:Category:Mimea]] [[la:Categoria:Plantae]] [[lt:Kategorija:Augalai]] [[lb:Category:Planzeräich]] [[li:Kategorie:Plant]] [[hu:Kategória:Növények]] [[ms:Kategori:Tumbuhan]] [[nah:Categoría:Plantae]] [[nl:Categorie:Plant]] [[ja:Category:植物]] [[nn:Kategori:Plantar]] [[nds:Kategorie:Planten]] [[pl:Kategoria:Rośliny]] [[pt:Categoria:Plantas]] [[ru:Категория:Растения]] [[sl:Kategorija:Rastline]] [[sr:Категорија:Биљке]] [[fi:Luokka:Kasvit]] [[sv:Kategori:Växter]] [[th:หมวดหมู่:พืช]] [[vi:Thể loại:Thực vật]] [[tr:Kategori:Bitkiler]] [[uk:Категорія:Рослини]] [[zh-yue:Category:植物]] [[zh:Category:植物]] 1866 3474 2006-11-07T10:15:32Z GnuDoyng 13 移到[[Wikipedia:Duâi chéu â|大樹下]] 1867 3476 2006-11-07T13:38:15Z Chbu 19 From de.wikipedia From de.wikipedia 1868 3477 2006-11-07T13:43:17Z Chbu 19 from en.wikipedia from en.wikipedia 1869 3834 2006-11-22T11:35:33Z GnuDoyng 13 {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<font size="+1">'''Ó̤-ciŭ''' |- | align="center" colspan=2 | [[Image:LocationAustralia.png|200px]] |- | '''Guók-gì''' | <center>[[Image:Flag of Australia.svg|150px]]</center> |- | '''Guók-hŭi''' | <center>[[Image:Australian coat of arms 1912 edit.png|150px]]</center> |- | '''Céng-dê cié-dô̤''' | [[Gŭng-ciō lĭk-hiéng cié]] |- | '''Siū-dŭ''' | [[Kāng-buòi-lá]] |- | '''[[Guăng-huŏng ngṳ̄-ngiòng]]''' | [[Ĭng-ngṳ̄]] |- | '''Miêng-cék''' | 7,741,220 km² |- | '''Ìng-kēu''' | 20,555,300 (2006) |- | '''[[GDP]]''' | $6799 é (2006) |- | '''Ìng-gĭng GDP''' | $32,220 (2006) |- |} '''Ó̤-ciŭ''' (澳洲, Australia), iâ miàng '''Ó̤-dâi-lê-ā''' (澳大利亞) ciòng miàng sê „''Ó̤-ciŭ Lièng-băng''“ (The Commomwealth of Australia), sê [[Dâi-iòng-ciŭ]] dék duâi gì [[guók-gă]]. Ĭ gì guók-tū bău-guăk Ó̤-ciŭ [[dâi-lṳ̆k]], Tā-sṳ̆-mā-nià dō̤ gâe̤ng hô-gê̤ṳng gì [[dō̤-sê̤ṳ]]. Ó̤-ciŭ sê sié-gái gá bó gì guók-gă, sĕng-uăk cūi-cūng cĭng gèng. Siū-dŭ [[Kăng-buòi-lá]] (Canberra), dék duâi gì [[siàng-chê]] sê [[Să̤-nà̤]] (Sydney). [[Guăng-huŏng ngṳ̄-ngiòng]] sê [[Ĭng-ngṳ̄]]. Ĭng-ngṳ̄ "'''Australia'''" ciā miàng sê téng [[Lá-dĭng-ngṳ̄]] "'''Australis'''" lì gì, é-sé̤ṳ sê "nàng-huŏng". ==Dê-lī== [[Image:642px-Topography_of_australia.jpg|left|300px|thumb|Ó̤-ciŭ dê-hìng]] Ó̤-ciŭ Lièng-băng găh [[dê-giù]] nàng-biĕng, [[Tái-bìng-iòng]] să̤-nàng gì hāi miêng siông. Guók-tū miêng-cék ô 768 uâng 2 chiĕng 300 bìng-huŏng gŭng-lī, găh sié-gái gà̤-dēng bà̤ dâ̤ 6 miàng, diŏh [[Dâi-iòng-ciŭ]] bà̤ tàu-miàng. Ó̤-ciŭ guók-tū dék ciō-iéu gì lâng déng sê Ó̤-ciŭ Dâi-lṳ̆k gâe̤ng Tā-sṳ̆-mā-nià Dō̤. Ó̤-ciŭ dâi-lṳ̆k găh dê-giù gì nàng biĕng, sê sié-gái dék nâung gì dâi-lṳ̆k. Dâi-lṳ̆k dê-hìng bìng-gĭng [[hāi-bĕk]] găh 350 mī cō̤-êu. Chiĕu guó 1000 mī gì tù-dê gá̤-mò̤ iéng diŏh gōng dâi-lṳ̆k gì 1%, 87% gì tù-dê găh 500 mī â-dā̤, sê sié-gái bìng-gĭng hāi-bĕk dék ā̤ gì dâi-luk, iâ sê dê-miêng kī-náh dék huāng gì dâi-lṳ̆k. Ô-ciŭ dâi-lṳ̆k gì dê-hìng â̤ buŏng-có̤ dĕ̤ng-buô săng-kṳ̆, dṳ̆ng-buô bàng-iòng, să̤-buô gà̤-iòng. Dék gà̤ gì ôi-dó̤i sê Ó̤-ciŭ Ā̤-lo̤-pò̤ (Australian Alps) gì Kō̤-siŭ-sṳ̆-kò̤ Săng (Mt. Kosciusko), ô 2,228 mī, iâ sê Ó̤-ciŭ gōng guók dék gà̤ gì ôi-dó̤i. [[Image:Port_Arthur_Seeseite.jpg|right|thumb|300px|Tā-sṳ̆-mā-nià Dō̤ gì Ă-sò̤-gĕ̤ng]] Dâi-lṳ̆k gì să̤-miêng gâe̤ng nàng-miêng dŭ sê [[Éng-dô-iòng]], dĕ̤ng-nàng miêng sê Tā-sṳ̆-màng Hāi (Tasman Sea), dĕ̤ng miêng sê [[Tái-bìng-iòng]], dĕ̤ng-báe̤k miêng sê Tăng-hù Hāi (Coral Sea), báe̤k miêng sê Ā-lă-pŭ-là Hāi (Arafura Sea) gâe̤ng Tī-mò̤ Hāi (Timor Sea). Tā-sṳ̆-mā-nià Dō̤ găh Ó̤-ciŭ dâi-lṳ̆k gì dĕ̤ng-nàng miêng Tái-bìng-iòng hāi gà̤-dēng. Dō̤ gà̤-dēng bàng-iòng cĭng ciēu, nâ ô hāi-gièng gâe̤ng kă̤-kiák ô bàng-iòng, diông gì dê-huŏng dŭ sê săng. ==Ké-hâiu== Cūng-lì gōng, Ó̤-ciŭ gì ké-hâiu â̤ buŏng có̤ dṳ̆ng-să̤ buông găng-só̤ kṳ̆ gâe̤ng dĕ̤ng buô gâe̤ng báe̤k buô hāi-gièng dŏ̤ huô kṳ. Gâe̤ng dê-giù báe̤k biĕng mâ̤ dè̤ng-iông, Ó̤-ciŭ gì tiĕng chéng găh 6~11 nguŏk, tiĕng iĕk găh 12 nguŏk gáu â-nièng 2 nguŏk. Tiĕng chéng sèng-hâiu, báe̤k buô gâe̤ng dṳ̆ng buô gáung huô cĭng ciēu. Tiĕng chéng gì bìng-gĭng ŭng-dô sê: báe̤k buô 24 dô, nàng buô 10 dô. Téng 12 nguŏk kī, tiĕng cêu kiū iĕk lāu, nàng buô ŭng-dô kiū sĭng, ké-hâiu găng-só̤ báe̤k buô hāi-gièng iâ kiū dâung-huô. Tiĕng iĕk gì bìng-gĭng ŭng-dô sê 1 nguŏk, ŭng-dô sê nàng buô 18 dô, báe̤k buô 29 dô, nô̤i-dê ŭng-dô â̤ dăk gáu 30 dô ī-gè̤ng. Ó̤-ciŭ dâi-lṳ̆k sê sié-gái gáung huô dék ciēu gi, gōng nièng bìng-gĭng gáung huô nâ ô 470 hò̤-mī. Gáung huô kṳ̆-mĭk mâ̤ bìng-hèng, dâi-lṳ̆k dĕ̤ng-buô hāi-gièng, să̤-nàng hāi-gièng gáe̤k Tā-sṳ̆-mā-nià Dō̤ dâung huô dék sâ̤, â̤ dăk gáu 2000 hò̤-mī, dĕk-biék sê Tā-sṳ̆-mā-nià Dō̤ sā̤ buô săng-kṳ̆ dâung huô dék sâ̤ â̤ dăk gáu 3600 hò̤-mī. Ó̤-ciŭ dâi-lṳ̆k să̤ buô gâe̤ng dṳ̆ng buô nô̤i-dê cĭng ciēu dâung huô, dék âng gì Bá̤ek Ăi-ī Hù (North Eyre) gōng nièng gó mâ̤ dâung 125 hò̤-mī. ==Hèng-céng kṳ̆-mĭk== Ó̤-ciŭ gōng guók buŏng có̤ 2 ciáh dê-huŏng, 6 ciáh ciŭ. Gê̤ṳng [[Mī-guók]] dè̤ng-iông, dŏ̤-só ciŭ gâe̤ng dê-huŏng gì gái-siáng áng dê-lī gà̤-dēng gì gĭng-ūi lì uăk, ng sāi áng dê-sié gì săng-măh hèng-hióng hĕ̤k ò̤-kă̤ làu-hióng lì uăk. [[Image:Bundesstaaten_Australiens.png|right|thumb|300px|Ó̤-ciŭ hèng-céng kṳ̆-mĭk dù]] Dê-huông :1 Ó̤-ciŭ [[Siū-dŭ]] Dê-huŏng (ACT, Australian Capital Territory) ::Ciŭ-hū siék găh [[Kāng-buòi-lá]] (Canberra) :2 Báe̤k-buô Dê-huŏng (Northern Territory) ::Ciŭ-hū siék găh Dăk-ī-ùng (Darwin) Ciŭ :1 Sĭng nàng Ŭi-lo̤-sṳ̀ (New South Wales) ::Ciŭ-hū siék găh [[Să̤-nà̤]] (Sydney) :2 Nṳ̄-uòng-dê (Queensland) ::Ciŭ-hū siék găh Bō-lī-sṳ̆-bèng (Brisbane) :3 Nàng Ó̤-ciŭ ::Ciŭ-hū siék găh Ā-dŏ̤-lài-dò̤ (Adelaide) :4 Ùi-dŏ̤-lé-ā (Victoria) ::Ciŭ-hū siék găh Mēu-buōng (Melbourne) :5 Să̤̤ Ó̤-ciŭ (Western Australia) ::Ciŭ-hū siék găh Pō̤-sṳ̀ (Perth) :6 Tā-sṳ̆-ma-nià (Tasmania) ::Ciŭ-hū siék găh Hō-báh (Hobart) ==Nè̤ng-só gâe̤ng cŭng-gáu== Ó̤-ciŭ gōng guók nè̤ng-só mâ̤ guó lâng-chiĕng-uâng, dŏ̤-só sê téng [[Ĕu-ciŭ]] lì gì iè-mìng. [[Tiĕng-ciō-gáu]] gâe̤ng [[Ià-sŭ-gáu]] sê ciō-liù [[cŭng-gáu]]. ===Nè̤ng-só=== Ó̤-ciŭ gōng guók nè̤ng-só nâ ô 1,805 uâng. Téng Ĕu-ciŭ [[Ĭng-guók]] dēng guók-gă lì gì iè-mìng iéng ciòng-buô nè̤ng-só gì 95%, buōng-iòng gì Ó̤-ciŭ nè̤ng nâ ô 26 uâng, iéng 1.5%. Téng [[Dṳ̆ng-guók]] lì gì iè-mìng ô 40 uâng, bók-guó cī-lâng-buŏng Dṳ̆ng-guók nè̤ng tié-láu iè-mìng, nè̤ng-só gū-gié gó â̤ dōng-gèng gó̤. [[Image:800px-Sydney_Harbour_Bridge_from_the_air.JPG|left|300px|thumb|[[Să̤-nà̤]], Ó̤-ciŭ dék duâi gì dŭ-chê]] Ó̤-ciŭ guók-tū kuák [[ìng-kēu]] ciēu, bìng-gĭng siŏh bìng-huŏng chiĕng-mī nâ ô 2 ciáh nè̤ng. Nè̤ng dêu gì hìng-sié cĭng mâ̤ bìng-hèng, 90% gì nè̤ng dêu găh hāi-gièng, dĕk-biék sê dĕ̤ng-nàng buô, nô̤i-dê cĭng ciēu nè̤ng dêu, ô gì gó mò̤ nè̤ng dêu. Bók-guó Ó̤-ciŭ sê sié-gái siàng-chê-huá tiàng-dô siŏng-dŏng gèng gì guók-gă cĭ-ék, 70% gì nè̤ng dêu găh siàng-chê, [[Să̤-nà̤]] (Sydney) gâe̤ng Mēu-buōng (Melbuorn) gì nè̤ng-só cêu iéng gōng guók nè̤ng-só gì 30%. ===Cŭng-gáu=== Ó̤-ciŭ nè̤ng dŏ̤-só sê téng Ĕu-ciŭ guók-gă lì gì iè-mìng, gó-chṳ̄ [[Tiĕng-ciō-gáu]] gâe̤ng [[Ià-sŭ-gáu]] sê Ó̤-ciŭ gì ciō-liù cŭng-gáu. Ià-sŭ-gáu găh Ó̤-ciŭ sê dék duâi gì cŭng-gáu, gáu-iū dék sâ̤. Nguòng-lā̤ dék duâi gì [[gáu-huôi]] sê Séng-gŭng Cŭng (Anglican), bók-guó Tiĕng-ciō-gáu téng ’80 nièng-dâi kī gáu-iù só-liông chiĕu-guó Séng-gŭng Cŭng, biéng có̤ Ó̤-ciŭ dék duâi gì gáu-huôi. Dáng Ià-sŭ-gáu gáuk puái gáu-huôi gáu-iū kău kī gó̤, gó sê bī Tiĕng-ciō-gáu sâ̤. Dṳ̀ Ià-sŭ-gáu gâe̤ng Tiĕng-ciō-gáu nguôi, Ó̤-ciŭ gó ô [[Huòi-gáu]] gâe̤ng [[Iù-tái-gáu]]. Huòi-gáu gì gáu-iū dŏ̤-só sê téng [[Ā-ciŭ|Nàng-ā]] lì gì, [[Ă-lá-báik]] guók-gă gì iè-mìng dăng-dō̤ hông Tiĕng-ciō-gáu, ng hông Huòi-gáu. Iù-tái-gáu gì gáu-iū gĭ-buōng sê [[Iù-tái]] nè̤ng. ==Ging-cá̤== Ó̤-ciŭ sê [[gĭng-cá̤]] huák-dăk gì guók-gă, guók-mìng sĕng-uăk cūi-bìng siŏng-dŏng gèng. [[Image:Màng-buo-gì-brisbane.jpg|Bō-lī-sŭ-bèng diŏh màng-buŏ|thumb|right]] Ó̤-ciŭ găh kiū kŭi-huák sì-hâiu, gĭng-cá̤ cêng-go̤ lŏ̤h-hâiu, hiā-sì-hâiu gì Ó̤-ciŭ nè̤ng ciō-iéu găh lā̤ có̤-chèng. Iè-mìng kiū sâ̤ ī-hâiu, dṳ̀ lā̤ có̤-chèng, gó ô nè̤ng tō̤-hāi. 18 sié-gī muăk, téng [[Să̤-băng-ngà]] īng diē [[mièng-iòng]] âiu, Ó̤-ciŭ nè̤ng kiū iōng iòng. Gáu 19 sié-gī 70 nièng-dâi iòng-mò̤ siàng có̤ Ó̤-ciŭ miàng dék tāu gì sāng-pīng. Găh 19 sié-gī 40 nièng-dâi, găh nè̤ng găh Ó̤-ciŭ iâ huák-hiêng [[dè̤ng]]-kuóng gâe̤ng [[gĭng]]-kuóng, 70 nièng-dâi cé̤ṳng-măh hòng-ngiĕk ô cĭng duâi gì huák-diēng. Cūng-kuāng, Ó̤-ciŭ ciâ la̤ „iòng-mò̤“, „măh“, „uòng-gĭng“ miàng tāu gōng sié-gái. Hiêng-sì-câi tō̤-gĭng gâe̤ng iòng-mò̤ lâng cṳ̄ng hòng-ngiĕk găh Ó̤-ciŭ gĭng-cá̤ diē-sié gó ièng cĭng dê̤ṳng-iéu gì dê-ôi, bók-guó Ó̤-ciŭ gì cié-cô̤ ngiĕk iâ ī-gĭng huák-diēng kī lì, [[gáung]]-[[tiék]], [[huá-bùi]] gĭ-gái, gióng-dé̤ṳk-cài-lâiu, ké-chiă, hĭ-gĭng gì cié-cô̤ dŭ cêng gó̤ huák-dăk. ==Gău-tŭng== Ó̤-ciŭ gău-tŭng huák-dăk, gŭng-diô, [[tiék-diô]], kŭng-ông, hāi-ông dŭ iā huák-dăk. Gōng guók gŭng-diô ô 100 uâng chiĕng-mī, siàng-chê gâe̤ng hiŏng-â dŭ ô cĭng hō̤ gì gŭng-diô lièng giék. Ó̤-ciŭ gì gŏ̤-sók gŭng-diô ô 30 uâng chiĕng-mī. Dĕ̤ng-nàng buô hāi-gièng siàng-chê cĭ-găng dŭ ô gŏ̤-sók gŭng-diô lièng-giék. Dâi-lṳ̆k dĕ̤ng-buô, dĕ̤ng-nàng buô, Tā-sṳ̆-mā-nià Dō̤ gâe̤ng să̤-nàng buô Pō̤-sṳ̀ (Perth) hô-gê̤ṳng ô cêng go̤ uòng-chīng gì gŏ̤-sók gung-diô uōng. Ó̤-ciŭ tiék-diô ô 4 uâng chiĕng-mī dòng, bók-guó tiék-diô dŏ̤-só diŏh dĕ̤ng buô gâe̤ng să̤-nàng buô gì hāi-gièng. Dĕ̤ng-nàng buô Duâi-buŏng Săng-măh (Great Dividing Ra.) nàng-dâung gáu Mēu-buōng gâe̤ng Ā-dă̤-lài-dà̤ (Adelaide) ô iā duâi gì tiék-diô uōng. Să̤-buô gì tiék-diô uōng ciō-iéu găh Pō̤-sṳ̀ hó-gê̤ṳng. ==Ngiê-dāu lièng-giék== *[http://www.gov.au/ Ó̤-ciŭ céng-hū uōng-câng] *[http://www.australia.com/ Ó̤-ciŭ lṳ̄-iù] [[Category:Guók-gă]] [[Category:Dâi-iòng-ciŭ]] [[af:Australië]] [[ar:أستراليا]] [[an:Australia]] [[bar:Australien]] [[bn:অস্ট্রেলিয়া]] [[zh-min-nan:Australia]] [[bo:ཨོ་སེ་ཐེ་ལི་ཡ]] [[bs:Australija]] [[bg:Австралия]] [[ca:Austràlia]] [[ceb:Australia]] [[cs:Austrálie]] [[cy:Awstralia]] [[da:Australien]] [[de:Australien]] [[dv:އޮސްޓޭލިޔާ]] [[et:Austraalia]] [[el:Αυστραλία]] [[en:Australia]] [[es:Australia]] [[eo:Aŭstralio]] [[fa:استرالیا]] [[fr:Australie]] [[ga:An Astráil]] [[gl:Australia]] [[ko:오스트레일리아]] [[hi:ऑस्ट्रेलिया]] [[hr:Australija]] [[io:Australia]] [[id:Australia]] [[ia:Australia]] [[is:Ástralía]] [[it:Australia]] [[he:אוסטרליה]] [[kw:Ostrali]] [[la:Australia]] [[lv:Austrālija (valsts)]] [[lb:Australien]] [[lt:Australija]] [[li:Australië]] [[hu:Ausztrália]] [[mk:Австралија]] [[mi:Ahitereiria]] [[ms:Australia]] [[na:Otereiriya]] [[nl:Australië (land)]] [[ja:オーストラリア]] [[no:Australia]] [[nn:Australia]] [[nrm:Australie]] [[oc:Australia]] [[ug:ظاؤستعرالعية]] [[pam:Australia]] [[nds:Australien]] [[pl:Australia]] [[pt:Austrália]] [[ro:Australia]] [[rm:Australia]] [[ru:Австралия]] [[se:Austrália]] [[sco:Australia]] [[scn:Australia]] [[simple:Australia]] [[sk:Austrália (štát)]] [[sl:Avstralija]] [[sr:Аустралија]] [[fi:Australia]] [[sv:Australien]] [[tl:Australia]] [[ta:ஆஸ்திரேலியா]] [[tet:Austrália]] [[th:ประเทศออสเตรเลีย]] [[vi:Úc]] [[tpi:Ostrelia]] [[tr:Avustralya]] [[uk:Австралія (країна)]] [[uz:Avstraliya Hamjamiyati]] [[wuu:澳大利亚]] [[yi:אױסטראַליע]] [[zh-yue:澳洲]] [[zh:澳大利亞]] 1871 3487 2006-11-07T14:10:45Z Chbu 19 from danish wiki from danish wiki 1872 3490 2006-11-07T14:15:20Z Chbu 19 1877 3557 2006-11-08T12:03:29Z GnuDoyng 13 [[Hàng-guók]] gô-dā̤ giéu la̤ „Gŏ̤-là̤“ (''Koryŏ''), „Dièu-siēng“ (''Chosŏn''), sê [[ìng-lôi]] ùng-mìng gì huák-nguòng dê. ==Sṳ̄-cièng sì-dô̤i== Áng [[Dièu-siēng]] sìng-uâ, gū-cā sì-dô̤i, hṳ̀ng gâe̤ng sìng gì cṳ̆-niòng-giāng giék-huŏng, săng giâ Tàng-gŭng (''T’an’gun''), Tàng-gŭng gióng-lĭk Gū Dièu-siēng (''Ko Chosŏn''), cuòi sê Dièu-siēng gì kŭi guók. Chŭi-muōng nè̤ng mâ̤ cĭng siŏng-séng ciā sìng-uâ gì sū-gōng, dáng găh Báik-hàng (''Pukhan'') gì Bìng-iōng (''P’yŏngyang'') ô Tàng-gŭng gì hùng-muó, hāu la̤ Tàng-gŭng Lìng. ==Gū-dô̤i== Gŭng-nguòng 1 sié-gī găh Hàng Buáng-dō̤ hìng-siàng Gŏ̤-guó-là̤ (''Koguryŏ''), Báik-cà̤ (''Paekche''), Sĭng-lò̤ (''Silla'') săng bĭk [[guók-gă]]. Cī sì-dô̤i găh Hàng-guók sṳ̄-hŏk-gái hāu la̤ „Săng Guók Sì-dô̤i“ (''Samguk sidae''). Ciā sì-dô̤i tié-lāu gáu 7 sié-gī Sĭng-lò̤ siĕu-miĕk gì-tă lâng bĭk guók-gă, tūng-ék săng guók ciáh sák-muōi. 10 sié-gī chĕ̤ Gŏ̤-là̤ cṳ̄-dái Sĭng-lò̤ tūng-ék buáng-dō̤. 14 sié-gī Gŏ̤-là̤ ciŏng-gŭng Lī Sìng-gié (''I Sŏnggui'') gióng-lĭk Dièu-siēng uòng-dièu, miĕk-uòng Gŏ̤-là̤ uòng-dièu. Ĭng-diŏh Dièu-siēng uòng-dièu sê Lī sáng gì nè̤ng gióng-lĭk gĭ, sū-ī ôi lāu gâe̤ng Tàng-gŭng gióng-lĭk gì hī bĭk „Dièu-siēng“ kṳ̆-biék kŭi, cī uòng-dièu găh Hàng-guók sṳ̄-hŏk-gái iâ hāu „Lī-dièu“ hĕ̤k „Lī-sê Dièu-siēng“. Lī-sê Dièu-siēng sê Hàng-guók lĭk-sṳ̄ gà̤-dēng siŏng-dŏng dê̤ṳng-iéu gì uòng-dièu, gĭng-dáng [[Dièu-siēng-ngṳ̄]] gì ùng-cê „Duâi cê (''Hangŭl'')“ cêu sê cī bĭk uòng-dièu huòng-dá̤ chók-mêng hāu hŏk-ciā huák-mìng gì. ==Gê̤ṳng~Hiêng-dô̤i== 1897 nièng 10ng. 12h., Dièu-siēng uòng-dièu sŏng-buó gāi-biéng guók-miàng hāu lā̤ „Duâi-hàng Dá̤-guók (''Taehang cheguk'')“. 1904 nièng 1ng. 21h. ôi lāu biê-miēng sêu gáu [[Nĭk-buōng|Nĭk]] [[Chĭng-dièu|Chĭng]] chŭng-tŭk gì īng-hiōng, sŏng-buó „guŏk-nguôi dṳ̆ng lik (''Kuk’oi chungrip'')“. Dáng sê 2ng. Nĭk-buōng mò̤-sê̤ṳ Hàng-guók gì cī bĭk lĭk-diòng, chók bĭng chĭng-huâng Hàng-guók, ăng Hàng-guók céng-hū gâe̤ng Nĭk-buōng céng-hū chiĕng „Hàng-Nĭk Ngiê-dêng Cṳ̆“, ciŏng Hàng-guók biéng có̤ cê-gă gì Bō̤-hô guók. 1907 nièng 7ng. 20h. Duâi-hàng Dá̤-guók huòng-dá̤ Gŏ̤-cŭng (''Ko-chung'') áng Nĭk-buōng gì iĕu-giù, sŏng-buó tó̤i-ôi. 1910 nièng 8ng. 22h. hiā sèng-hâiu gì nô̤i-gó̤h dâi-sìng Lī Uòng-ê̤ṳng (''I uan’iong'') gâe̤ng Nĭk-buōng tŭng-găng (''t’unggam'', gâe̤ng cūng-dók chă-bók-dŏ̤) chiĕng-diâng hiĕk-ngiê „Hàng-Nĭk Hăk-biáng Dèu-iók“. Dŏng nguŏk 29 hô̤ sŏng-buó ciā dèu-iók. Hàng Buáng-dō̤ dáung có̤ Nĭk-buōng gì [[Sĭk-mìng-dê]]. 1945 nièng 8ng. 15h. Nĭk-buōng dàu-hòng hâiu, Sŭ-lièng gâe̤ng Mī-guók áng dŏng-chĕ̤ ngiê-cà̤ gì dèu-iók céng-diē Hàng Buáng-dō̤, lâng guók gŭng-dôi áng báe̤k-ūi 38 dô có̤ gái-siáng. 1946 nièng 2 nguŏk [[Sŭ-lièng]] ôi-lāu ciŏng Háng Buáng-dō̤ biéng-có̤ ĭ gì siŏh-lôi, sāi-ngài sìng-lĭk „Báe̤k Dièu-siēng Lìng-sì Ìng-mìng Ūi-uòng-huôi“, sṳ̀ lâi [[Mī-guók]] tì chók gì „gōng buáng-dō̤ tūng-ék sōng-gṳ̄“ iĕu-giù. Iù sê, 1948 nièng 8 nguŏk 15 hô̤, áng sōng-gṳ̄ gì giék-guō, nàng-huŏng sìng-lĭk lāu Dâi-hàng Mìng-guók, Lī Sìng-uōng (''I sŭngman'') có̤ cūng-tūng. Dâi-iók buáng gá̤ nguŏk-nĭk ī-hâiu báe̤k-huŏng sìng-lĭk Dièu-siēng Mìng-ciō-ciō-ngiê Ìng-mìng Gê̤ṳng-huò-guók. Hàng Buáng-dō̤ ciáng-sék hŭng-liĕk. ==Hàng-ciéng (Dièu-siēng Ciéng-cĕng)== [[Image:Sherman-korea.jpg|right|thumb|Hàng-ciéng]] 1950 nièng 6ng. 25h. [[Báe̤k-hàng]] huák bĭng chĭng-huâng Hàng-guók, Hàng-ciéng kiū páh. Ciéng-cĕng chĕ̤-gĭ, Báe̤k-hàng gŭng-dôi găh Sŭ-lièng gŭng-sê̤ṳ gó-ông gì bŏng-câe̤ giâ, iā ká̤ cêu páh gáu Hàng-guók gì siū-dŭ [[Siū-ék]] „(Háng-siàng), chiā iéng diŏh Hàng-guók duâi-buô-hông gì tù-dê. 27 hô̤ Mī-guók huák bĭng ciĕ-uòng Hàng-guók. 7ng. 7h. [[Lièng-hăk-guók]] tŭng-guó giók-ngiê chók bĭng ciĕ-uòng Hàng-guók. 10ng. 25h. [[Dṳ̆ng-guók]] găh Báe̤k-hàng gì chiāng-giù giâ chók bĭng bŏng-câe̤ Báe̤k-hàng. 1953 nièng 7ng. 26h. ciĕng-diâng «Hiók-páh Hiĕk-ngiê» ==Hàng-ciéng hâiu== 1960 nièng 5 nguŏk 16 hô̤ Hàng-guók gŭng-dôi gŭng-guăng Páuk Céng-hĭ (''Pak Chŏnghi'') huák-dông gŭng-sê̤ṳ céng-biéng, tiāng-pók Lī Sìng-uōng céng-hū, kai-sṳ̄ ĭ gì 17 nièng gŭng-sê̤ṳ dŭk-cài. Găh cī 17 nièng dài-dŏng, Háng-guók gĭng-cá̤ gah Páuk Céng-hĭ gì liāng-dô̤ â-dā̤ kăi-sṳ̄ sé̤ṳng-sók huák-diēng. 1980 nièng Páuk Céng-hĭ gâe̤ng nè̤ng chiŏng-tài hâiu, gŭng-guăng Ciòng Dāu-huâng (''Ch’ŏn Tuhwan'') siông-dài tūng-dê. Dáng sêu gáu mìng-cé̤ṳng gì huāng-dó̤i, có̤i-cṳ̆ng huák-sĕng Guŏng-ciŭ Màng-sák (''Kwangju Massacre''). Màng-sák cī hâiu, Hàng-guók gì [[mìng-ciō]] ông-dông ô cĭng duâi gì huák-diēng. Gáu dṳ̆ng-muōi, mìng-ciō ông-dông găng Ciòng Dāu-huâng găh 1988 nièng ṳ̄ng-hṳ̄ cê̤ṳ-iù sōng-gṳ̄ cūng-tūng, bêng-chiā ciŏng guók-gă céng-dê tā̤-cié chiâ-liā gáu ùng-ìng céng-hū gà̤-dēng. [[Category:Lĭk-sṳ̄]] [[Category:Ā-ciŭ]] [[de:Geschichte Südkoreas]] [[en:History of South Korea]] [[es:Historia de Corea del Sur]] [[fr:Histoire de la Corée du Sud]] [[ko:대한민국의 역사]] [[pt:História da Coreia do Sul]] [[ru:История Южной Кореи]] 1878 3537 2006-11-07T16:41:23Z GnuDoyng 13 Dṳ̀ng-sĭng dêng-hióng gáu [[Ó̤-ciŭ]] #REDIRECT [[Ó̤-ciŭ]] 1879 3593 2006-11-09T15:39:32Z GnuDoyng 13 /* Ngiê-dāu Lièng-giék */ '''Bàng-uâ-cê''' sê ciong-muō-muō dò̤ lă̤ siā Hók-ciu uâ gì sioh-cūng lò̤-mā cê. I du liāng ô 17 bih cê-mū, hók-hak cê-mū gâe̤ng dek-sṳ̀ cê-mū nâ ga diē gŏ̤ ô 23 bih. Bàng-uâ-cê lêng nguôi gó ô 5 bih hù-hô̤ dò̤ lă̤ bieu-cê̤ṳ sing-diêu, 1 bih lièng cê hù-hô̤ dò̤ lă̤ lièng-giék ing-ciék. ==Miàng-cê== Gì sik gáu hiêng-kái-sì, gó mâ̤ hiēu Hók-ciu uâ gì cī tó̤ lò̤-mā-cê dô̤-dā̤ hāu miéh nó̤h miàng-cê. Dṳng-guók hók-suk gáu du sê hāu i „gáu-huôi lò̤-mā-cê“, ing ôi i gi-buōng du sê dioh gáu-huôi diē-sié sāi. Bàng-uâ-cê cī bih miàng-cê sê ngiek-ṳ̀ ngièng-géu hók-ciu uâ gì lâng ciáh hâiu-sang-giāng gah 2005 nièng tieng-iek sèng-hâiu kī gĭ. I-cà̤ sê o̤h Dài-ngṳ̄ gì lò̤-mā-cê miàng-cê „Bah-uâ-cê (Pe̍h-ōe-jī)“ kī gĭ, ing ôi Dài-ngṳ̄ gì „Pe̍h-ōe (Bah-uâ)“ dó̤i Hók-ciu uâ gì „Bàng-uâ“. ==Lik-sṳ̄== Hiêng-sì-câi ne̤ng gó muôi tō̤ cà̤ ô-guang Bàng-uâ-cê cháung-có̤ gì siòng-sá̤ cài-lâiu, nang ga nâ diông téng lìng-sing gì cài-lâiu gà̤-dēng dáik gáu nék giāng cháung-có̤ sieu-sék. Ó̤-piéng Ciéng-ceng hâiu, téng Eu-ciu gâe̤ng Mī-guók lì gì Gi-dók gáu diòng-gáu-sê̤ṳ ôi lāu gâing hō̤ hióng Dṳng-guók nè̤ng diòng-gáu, o̤h Dṳng-guók gì ngṳ̄-ngiòng. I-cà̤ gah o̤h sèng-hâiu, áng i-cà̤ gì lī-gāi sāi lò̤-mā-cê gé-giâ o̤h gì nô̤i-ṳ̀ng, iòng-hâiu ô nè̤ng cīng-lī cī pie lò̤-mā-cê, tūng-ék cê-mō̤ gì siā-huák, ping-siā Dṳng-guók dê-huong ngṳ̄-ngiòng gì gáuk iông lò̤-mā-cê cêu cūng-kuāng dáng seng. Áng cài-lâiu gé cái, dék cā siā lò̤-mā-cê gé-lioh Hók-ciu-uâ gì nè̤ng sê Ià-lū (Yale) dâi-hok gì gáu-sêu M. C. Huái-tò̤ (M. C. White). I dong-sì sê siā sioh cṳ̄ng hāu lă̤ „Ui-liàng Cìng-sṳ ing-bieu“ gì gé-ing hiê-tūng lì gé Hók-ciu uâ. Cī tó̤ gé-ing hiê-tūng gâe̤ng ging-dáng Bàng-uâ-cê dék duâi gì chia biék gah dek-sṳ̀ cê-mō̤ „a̤“, „e̤“, „o̤“, gâe̤ng gì „ṳ“ gì biēu dah gà̤-dēng, hī tó̤ gé-ing hiê-tūng sāi „á“ bieu sê „a̤“, „ó“ bieu sê „o̤“, „ë“ biēu sê „e̤“, „ü“ bieu sê „ṳ“. Hiā sì-hâiu mò̤ nèng-ài siā sing-diêu hù-hô̤, ing ôi bieu sing-diêu hù-hô̤ gì ôi-dé du gâe̤ng dek-sṳ̀ cê-mū gì dek-sṳ̀ hù-hô̤ iéng gŏ̤ lāu. Ng guó cī tó̤ gé-ing hiê-tūng â̤ te̤ng káng có̤ bàng-uâ-cê gì sieng-tā̤. Iòng-hâiu, téng Mī-guók lì gì diòng-gáu-sê̤ṳ Máh-lài (R. S. Maclay), C. C. Baldwin gâe̤ng Ing-guók nguôi-gau-guang E. H. Parker iâ sāi cī tó̤ hiê-tūng ping-siā Hók-ciu-uâ, ng-guó i-cà̤ ng sê nâ kó̤ sāi, iâ ô kó̤ siu-gāi i. I-cà̤ dék ô é-ngiê gì siu-gāi cêu sê ciong dek-sṳ̀ cê-mō̤ gà̤-dēng gì dek-sṳ̀ hù-hô du uâng có̤ lâng bih dók-dók, bêng buang gáu cê-mō̤ â̤-dā̤ kó̤. Cūng-kuāng, cê-mō̤ gà̤-dēng cêu te̤ng chók ôi-dó̤i â̤ sāi bieu sing-diêu hù-hô̤ lāu. I-cà̤ cêu siék gié chók 5 bih hù-hô̤ lì bieu Hók-ciu uâ gì 7 bih sing-diêu. Siu-gāi guó gì cê ciáng sék siàng có̤ Hók-ciu uâ gì ping-ing ùng-cê, iâ cêu-sê bàng-uâ-cê. Diòng-gáu-sê̤ṳ gáuk-nè̤ng siā bàng-uâ-cê chók bēng gáuk-iông cung-gáu cṳ. 1905 nièng, kek bàng-uâ-cê siā gì Hók-ciu uâ Sing-iók Séng-ging «NGUĀI GÉU-CIŌ IÀ-SŬ GĬ-DÓK GÌ SĬNG-IÓK CṲ̆» chók bēng. 1908 nièng, hak bieng gì sing- gô-iók Séng-ging «SÉNG GĬNG SĬNG GÔ IÓK CIÒNG CṲ̆» chók bēng. Ng guó hiā-sèng-hâiu bàng-uâ-cê nâ gah Gi-dók gáu gáu-huôi diē-sié sāi, gáu-huôi ngiê-dāu gì nè̤ng gi-buōng ng hiēu sāi. Gáu 1911 nièng Dṳng-huà Mìngl-guók sìng-lik, Háng-nè̤ng mìng-cu ciō-ngiê sé̤ṳ-lik ī-hâiu, ping-ing-cê cêu sêu gáu bà̤-cā̤. Ī-hâiu bàng-uâ-cê gì sāi-ê̤ṳng cêu mâing mâing sók-siēu gŏ̤. ==Bàng-uâ-cê Cê-mō̤ gâe̤ng Hù-hô̤== Bàng-uâ-cê ô 23 bih cê-mō̤, 5 bih sing-diêu hù-hô̤. ===Cê-mō̤=== Nâ áng dang-tā̤ cê-mō̤ sáung gì uâ, Bàng-uâ-cê du liāng ô 17 bih cê-mō̤. Dek-sṳ̀ cê̤-mō̤ nâ iâ dò̤ dáung dang-tā̤ cê-mō̤ gì uâ, Bàng-uâ-cê du liāng ô 21 bih cê-mō̤. Nâ áng cê-mō̤ sū biēu dak gì ing-só̤ lì sáung gì uâ, Bàng-uâ-cê du liāng ô 23 bih cê-mō̤. Bàng-uâ-cê gì dek-sṳ̀ cê-mō̤ ô 4 bih, i-cà̤ sê „A̤“, „E̤“, „O̤“, „Ṳ“, lâng bih cū hak cê-mō̤ „CH“ gâe̤ng „NG“. <table class=MsoTableGrid border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none;mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-yfti-tbllook:480;mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext;mso-border-insidev:.5pt solid windowtext'> <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:0;mso-yfti-firstrow:yes'> <td width=142 valign=top style='width:106.5pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#FF99CC;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>Pieng-h&ocirc;&#804;</span></p> </td> <td width=142 style='width:106.5pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left: none;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; background:#FF99CC;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>Cê-mō&#804;</span></p> </td> <td width=142 style='width:106.5pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left: none;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; background:#FF99CC;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>Sū biēu gì Ing</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:1'> <td width=142 valign=top style='width:106.5pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>1</span></p> </td> <td width=142 style='width:106.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>A</span></p> </td> <td width=142 style='width:106.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>/a/, /ɑ/</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:2'> <td width=142 valign=top style='width:106.5pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>2</span></p> </td> <td width=142 style='width:106.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>B</span></p> </td> <td width=142 style='width:106.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>/p/</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:3'> <td width=142 valign=top style='width:106.5pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>3</span></p> </td> <td width=142 style='width:106.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>C</span></p> </td> <td width=142 style='width:106.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>/ts/</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:4'> <td width=142 valign=top style='width:106.5pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>4</span></p> </td> <td width=142 style='width:106.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>D</span></p> </td> <td width=142 style='width:106.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>/t/</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:5'> <td width=142 valign=top style='width:106.5pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>5</span></p> </td> <td width=142 style='width:106.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>E</span></p> </td> <td width=142 style='width:106.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>/ei/, /&#603;i/</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:6'> <td width=142 valign=top style='width:106.5pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>6</span></p> </td> <td width=142 style='width:106.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>G</span></p> </td> <td width=142 style='width:106.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>/k/</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:7'> <td width=142 valign=top style='width:106.5pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>7</span></p> </td> <td width=142 style='width:106.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>H</span></p> </td> <td width=142 style='width:106.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>/h/, /&#704;/</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:8'> <td width=142 valign=top style='width:106.5pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>8</span></p> </td> <td width=142 style='width:106.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>I</span></p> </td> <td width=142 style='width:106.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>/i/, /j/</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:9'> <td width=142 valign=top style='width:106.5pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>9</span></p> </td> <td width=142 style='width:106.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>K</span></p> </td> <td width=142 style='width:106.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>/k&#688;/, /k&#704;/</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:10'> <td width=142 valign=top style='width:106.5pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>10</span></p> </td> <td width=142 style='width:106.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>L</span></p> </td> <td width=142 style='width:106.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>/l/</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:11'> <td width=142 valign=top style='width:106.5pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>11</span></p> </td> <td width=142 style='width:106.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>M</span></p> </td> <td width=142 style='width:106.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>/m/</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:12'> <td width=142 valign=top style='width:106.5pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>12</span></p> </td> <td width=142 style='width:106.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>N</span></p> </td> <td width=142 style='width:106.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>/n/</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:13'> <td width=142 valign=top style='width:106.5pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>13</span></p> </td> <td width=142 style='width:106.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>O</span></p> </td> <td width=142 style='width:106.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>/ou/</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:14'> <td width=142 valign=top style='width:106.5pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>14</span></p> </td> <td width=142 style='width:106.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>P</span></p> </td> <td width=142 style='width:106.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>/p&#688;/</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:15'> <td width=142 valign=top style='width:106.5pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>15</span></p> </td> <td width=142 style='width:106.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>S</span></p> </td> <td width=142 style='width:106.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>/s/ ( /f/, /θ/ )</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:16'> <td width=142 valign=top style='width:106.5pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>16</span></p> </td> <td width=142 style='width:106.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>T</span></p> </td> <td width=142 style='width:106.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>/t&#688;/</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:17'> <td width=142 valign=top style='width:106.5pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>17</span></p> </td> <td width=142 style='width:106.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>U</span></p> </td> <td width=142 style='width:106.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>/u/, /w/</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:18'> <td width=142 valign=top style='width:106.5pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; background:silver;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>18</span></p> </td> <td width=142 style='width:106.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:silver;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>A&#804;</span></p> </td> <td width=142 style='width:106.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:silver;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>/e/, /&#603;/, /ɑ/</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:19'> <td width=142 valign=top style='width:106.5pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; background:silver;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>19</span></p> </td> <td width=142 style='width:106.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:silver;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>E&#804;</span></p> </td> <td width=142 style='width:106.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:silver;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>/&oslash;/, /&#339;/</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:20'> <td width=142 valign=top style='width:106.5pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; background:silver;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>20</span></p> </td> <td width=142 style='width:106.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:silver;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>O&#804;</span></p> </td> <td width=142 style='width:106.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:silver;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>/&#596;/</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:21'> <td width=142 valign=top style='width:106.5pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; background:silver;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>21</span></p> </td> <td width=142 style='width:106.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:silver;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>U&#804;</span></p> </td> <td width=142 style='width:106.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:silver;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>/y/, /&#686;/</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:22'> <td width=142 valign=top style='width:106.5pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; background:#00CCFF;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>22</span></p> </td> <td width=142 style='width:106.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#00CCFF;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>CH</span></p> </td> <td width=142 style='width:106.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#00CCFF;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>/ts&#688;/</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:23;mso-yfti-lastrow:yes'> <td width=142 valign=top style='width:106.5pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; background:#00CCFF;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>23</span></p> </td> <td width=142 style='width:106.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#00CCFF;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>NG</span></p> </td> <td width=142 style='width:106.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#00CCFF;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>/&#331;/</span></p> </td> </tr> </table> Hók-ciu-uâ gì ik-sing ô sék-muōi, „h“ gâe̤ng „k“ dò̤ lă̤ biēu sê ik-sing gì sék-muōi. „H“ biēu sê hò̤-lè̤ng sék-muōi /ˀ/. „K“ biēu sê hò̤-lè̤ng ing sék-muōi /kˀ/. „S“ gah Hók-chiang kiong diē-sié te̤k có̤ /θ/, ô gì Hók-ciu nè̤ng â̤ ciong „s“ te̤k có̤ /f/. Dioh Hók-ciu-uâ ing-ông-cṳ «Chék Lìng Báik-ing» gà̤-dēng, mò̤ siék ô buáng siang-mō̤ /j/, /w/ gâe̤ng /ʮ/ gì siang-buô. Ing ôi diòng-gáu-sê̤ṳ siék gié Bàng-uâ-cê sì-hâiu, ô chang kō̤ cī buô ông-cṳ, iâ o̤h ing-ông-cṳ liông, ng ôi cī sang bih buáng siang-mō̤ puói cê-mō̤, nâ sāi i, u, ṳ lì biēu sê cī 3 bih buáng siang-mō̤ /j/, /w/ gâe̤ng /ʮ/. ===Sing-diêu hù-hô̤=== Bàng-uâ-cê du liāng kek 5 bih hù-hô̤ lì biēu sê Hók-ciu uâ gì 7 bih sing-diêu. <table class=MsoTableGrid border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none;mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-yfti-tbllook:480;mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext;mso-border-insidev:.5pt solid windowtext'> <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:0;mso-yfti-firstrow:yes'> <td width=114 style='width:85.2pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;background:silver;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>Hù-h&ocirc; i&ocirc;ng-sék</span></p> </td> <td width=114 style='width:85.2pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left: none;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; background:silver;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>5 d&ocirc; Diêu-dik</span></p> </td> <td width=114 style='width:85.2pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left: none;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; background:silver;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>Sū biēu gì Sing-diêu</span></p> </td> <td width=114 style='width:85.25pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left: none;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; background:silver;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>Háng-cê siā huák</span></p> </td> <td width=114 style='width:85.25pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left: none;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; background:silver;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>Sài cê-mō&#804; gà&#804;-dēng gì i&ocirc;ng-sék</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:1'> <td width=114 style='width:85.2pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-top: none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; background:#99CCFF;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>--&#774;</span></p> </td> <td width=114 style='width:85.2pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#99CCFF;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>&#741;&#741;</span></p> </td> <td width=114 style='width:85.2pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#99CCFF;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>Si&ocirc;ng-bìng</span></p> </td> <td width=114 style='width:85.25pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#99CCFF;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=ZH-TW style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS"; mso-hansi-font-family:DFSongStd;mso-bidi-font-family:DFSongStd'>上平</span><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS"; mso-hansi-font-family:DFSongStd;mso-bidi-font-family:DFSongStd'></span></p> </td> <td width=114 style='width:85.25pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#99CCFF;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-font-family:Batang;mso-bidi-font-family:Batang'>&#259;</span><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-font-family:Batang;mso-bidi-font-family:Batang;mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN'></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:2'> <td width=114 style='width:85.2pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-top: none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>--&#772;</span></p> </td> <td width=114 style='width:85.2pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>&#743;&#743; ( &#743;&#743;&#744; )</span></p> </td> <td width=114 style='width:85.2pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>Si&ocirc;ng-sing</span></p> </td> <td width=114 style='width:85.25pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=ZH-TW style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS"; mso-hansi-font-family:DFSongStd;mso-bidi-font-family:DFSongStd'>上聲</span><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS"; mso-hansi-font-family:DFSongStd;mso-bidi-font-family:DFSongStd;mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN'></span></p> </td> <td width=114 style='width:85.25pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>ā</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:3'> <td width=114 style='width:85.2pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-top: none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; background:#FF99CC;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>--&#769;</span></p> </td> <td width=114 style='width:85.2pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#FF99CC;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>&#744;&#745;&#742; ( &#744;&#745; )</span></p> </td> <td width=114 style='width:85.2pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#FF99CC;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>Si&ocirc;ng-ké&#804;u&#804;</span></p> </td> <td width=114 style='width:85.25pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#FF99CC;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=ZH-TW style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS"; mso-hansi-font-family:DFSongStd;mso-bidi-font-family:DFSongStd'>上去</span><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS"; mso-hansi-font-family:DFSongStd;mso-bidi-font-family:DFSongStd;mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN'></span></p> </td> <td width=114 style='width:85.25pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#FF99CC;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>á</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:4'> <td width=114 style='width:85.2pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-top: none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; background:#99CCFF;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>--&#774;h, --&#774;k</span></p> </td> <td width=114 style='width:85.2pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#99CCFF;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>&#741;</span></p> </td> <td width=114 style='width:85.2pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#99CCFF;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>Siong-ik</span></p> </td> <td width=114 style='width:85.25pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#99CCFF;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=ZH-TW style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS"; mso-hansi-font-family:PMingLiU;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>上入</span><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Charis SIL";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'></span></p> </td> <td width=114 style='width:85.25pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#99CCFF;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>&#259;h, &#259;k</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:5'> <td width=114 style='width:85.2pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-top: none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>--&#768;</span></p> </td> <td width=114 style='width:85.2pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>&#741;&#743;</span></p> </td> <td width=114 style='width:85.2pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>H&acirc;-bìng</span></p> </td> <td width=114 style='width:85.25pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=ZH-TW style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS"; mso-hansi-font-family:DFSongStd;mso-bidi-font-family:DFSongStd'>下平</span><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS"; mso-hansi-font-family:DFSongStd;mso-bidi-font-family:DFSongStd;mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN'></span></p> </td> <td width=114 style='width:85.25pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>à</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:6'> <td width=114 style='width:85.2pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-top: none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>--&#770;</span></p> </td> <td width=114 style='width:85.2pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>&#744;&#743;&#744;</span></p> </td> <td width=114 style='width:85.2pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>H&acirc;-ké&#804;u&#804;</span></p> </td> <td width=114 style='width:85.25pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=ZH-TW style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS"; mso-hansi-font-family:DFSongStd;mso-bidi-font-family:DFSongStd'>下去</span><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS"; mso-hansi-font-family:DFSongStd;mso-bidi-font-family:DFSongStd;mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN'></span></p> </td> <td width=114 style='width:85.25pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>&acirc;</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:7;mso-yfti-lastrow:yes'> <td width=114 style='width:85.2pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-top: none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; background:#FF99CC;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>--&#769;h, --&#769;k</span></p> </td> <td width=114 style='width:85.2pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#FF99CC;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>&#744;&#742;</span></p> </td> <td width=114 style='width:85.2pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#FF99CC;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>H&acirc;-ik</span></p> </td> <td width=114 style='width:85.25pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#FF99CC;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=ZH-TW style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS"; mso-hansi-font-family:DFSongStd;mso-bidi-font-family:DFSongStd'>下入</span><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial Unicode MS"; mso-hansi-font-family:DFSongStd;mso-bidi-font-family:DFSongStd;mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN'></span></p> </td> <td width=114 style='width:85.25pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#FF99CC;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>áh, ák</span></p> </td> </tr> </table> Siông-bìng diêu gâe̤ng hâ-ik diêu cà̤ sāi sioh bih sing-diêu hù-hô̤, siông-ké̤ṳ diêu gâe̤ng hâ-ik diêu cà̤ sāi sioh bih hù-hô̤. Ing ôi Hók-ciu uâ gì lâng bih ik-sing ô mìng-hiēng gì sék-muōi, gó chṳ̄ gah ping-siā sì-hâiu â̤ tieng ga sék-muōi cê-mṳ̄ „k“ he̤k „h“, cūng-kuāng cêu mâ̤ gâe̤ng cà̤ sāi hù-hô gì hī lâng bih chṳ̄-sing-diêu (siông-bìng, shiông-ké̤ṳ) hông gŏ̤ lāu. Gah sik-cié sāi-ê̤ṳng sèng-hâiu, ng sê gieng-dṳk bih sing-diêu hù-hô̤ du â̤ te̤ng sài ciòng-buô gì mō̤-ing cê-mō̤ gà̤-dēng. O̤h „e“, „o“ cī lâng bih cê-mō̤, nâ ô „--̂“ gâe̤ng „--̆“ â̤ te̤ng sài gà̤-dēng, bek-nó̤h hù-hô̤ du mâ̤ sāi sài gà̤-dēng, sik-cié ping-siā sèng-hâiu, iâ mâ̤ dò̤ bek-nó̤h hù-hô̤ sài cī lâng bih cê-mo̤ gà̤ dēng. Dong iòng, gah sik-cié ping siā sì-hâiu, dang-tā̤-cê nâ ga diē ông-muōi, cìng-huóng-bô â̤ biéng lāu. O̤h „e“, dang-tā̤ sèng-hâiu nâ ô „--̂“ gâe̤ng „--̆“ â̤ te̤ng sài gà̤-dēng, ng nguó nâ gah i muōi-sāu tieng diē ông-muōi „ng“ sèng-hâiṳ â̤ te̤ng sài diông giâ gì 3 bih hù-hô̤. Â-dā̤ biēu-gáh cūng-giék chók dang-tā̤-cê â̤ te̤ng tieng ga sang-nó̤h-kuāng hù-hô gì cìng-huóng. <table class=MsoTableGrid border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none;mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-yfti-tbllook:480;mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext;mso-border-insidev:.5pt solid windowtext'> <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:0;mso-yfti-firstrow:yes'> <td width=81 style='width:60.85pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>&nbsp;</span></p> </td> <td width=81 style='width:60.85pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left: none;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; background:#99CCFF;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>--&#774;</span></p> </td> <td width=81 style='width:60.85pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left: none;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; background:#99CCFF;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>--&#772;</span></p> </td> <td width=81 style='width:60.85pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left: none;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; background:#99CCFF;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>--&#769;</span></p> </td> <td width=81 style='width:60.85pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left: none;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; background:#99CCFF;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>--&#774;h, --&#774;k</span></p> </td> <td width=81 style='width:60.9pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left: none;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; background:#99CCFF;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>--&#768;</span></p> </td> <td width=81 style='width:60.9pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left: none;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; background:#99CCFF;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>--&#770;</span></p> </td> <td width=81 style='width:60.9pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left: none;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; background:#99CCFF;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>--&#769;h, --&#769;k</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:1'> <td width=81 style='width:60.85pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-top: none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; background:#FF99CC;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>a</span></p> </td> <td width=81 style='width:60.85pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-font-family:Batang;mso-bidi-font-family:Batang;mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN'>&#259;</span></p> </td> <td width=81 style='width:60.85pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>ā</span></p> </td> <td width=81 style='width:60.85pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>á</span></p> </td> <td width=81 style='width:60.85pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-font-family:Batang;mso-bidi-font-family:Batang;mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN'>&#259;h, &#259;k</span></p> </td> <td width=81 style='width:60.9pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>à</span></p> </td> <td width=81 style='width:60.9pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>&acirc;</span></p> </td> <td width=81 style='width:60.9pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>áh, ák</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:2'> <td width=81 style='width:60.85pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-top: none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; background:#FF99CC;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>a&#804;</span></p> </td> <td width=81 style='width:60.85pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-font-family:Batang;mso-bidi-font-family:Batang;mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN'>&#259;</span><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family: "Charis SIL";mso-fareast-font-family:Batang;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>&#804;</span></p> </td> <td width=81 style='width:60.85pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>ā&#804;</span></p> </td> <td width=81 style='width:60.85pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>á&#804;</span></p> </td> <td width=81 style='width:60.85pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-font-family:Batang;mso-bidi-font-family:Batang;mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN'>&#259;</span><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family: "Charis SIL";mso-fareast-font-family:Batang;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>&#804;</span><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL";mso-fareast-font-family:Batang;mso-bidi-font-family: Batang;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>h, --</span></p> </td> <td width=81 style='width:60.9pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>à&#804;</span></p> </td> <td width=81 style='width:60.9pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>&acirc;&#804;</span></p> </td> <td width=81 style='width:60.9pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>á&#804;h, --</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:3'> <td width=81 style='width:60.85pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-top: none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; background:#FF99CC;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>e</span></p> </td> <td width=81 style='width:60.85pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#CCFFCC;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>&#277;</span></p> </td> <td width=81 style='width:60.85pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#CCFFCC;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>ē</span></p> </td> <td width=81 style='width:60.85pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>é</span></p> </td> <td width=81 style='width:60.85pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>--, &#277;k</span></p> </td> <td width=81 style='width:60.9pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;background:#CCFFCC;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>è</span></p> </td> <td width=81 style='width:60.9pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;background:#CCFFCC;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>ê</span></p> </td> <td width=81 style='width:60.9pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>--, ék</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:4'> <td width=81 style='width:60.85pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-top: none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; background:#FF99CC;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>e&#804;</span></p> </td> <td width=81 style='width:60.85pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>&#277;&#804;</span></p> </td> <td width=81 style='width:60.85pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>ē&#804;</span></p> </td> <td width=81 style='width:60.85pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#FFFF99;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>é&#804;</span></p> </td> <td width=81 style='width:60.85pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>&#277;h, --</span></p> </td> <td width=81 style='width:60.9pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>è&#804;</span></p> </td> <td width=81 style='width:60.9pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;background:#FFFF99;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>ê&#804;</span></p> </td> <td width=81 style='width:60.9pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>é&#804;h, --</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:5'> <td width=81 style='width:60.85pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-top: none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; background:#FF99CC;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>i</span></p> </td> <td width=81 style='width:60.85pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>&#301;</span></p> </td> <td width=81 style='width:60.85pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>ī</span></p> </td> <td width=81 style='width:60.85pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>--</span></p> </td> <td width=81 style='width:60.85pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>ih, ik</span></p> </td> <td width=81 style='width:60.9pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>ì</span></p> </td> <td width=81 style='width:60.9pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>--</span></p> </td> <td width=81 style='width:60.9pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>--, --</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:6'> <td width=81 style='width:60.85pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-top: none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; background:#FF99CC;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>o</span></p> </td> <td width=81 style='width:60.85pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#CCFFCC;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>&#335;</span></p> </td> <td width=81 style='width:60.85pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#CCFFCC;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>ō</span></p> </td> <td width=81 style='width:60.85pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>ó</span></p> </td> <td width=81 style='width:60.85pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>--, ouk</span></p> </td> <td width=81 style='width:60.9pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;background:#CCFFCC;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>ò</span></p> </td> <td width=81 style='width:60.9pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;background:#CCFFCC;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>&ocirc;</span></p> </td> <td width=81 style='width:60.9pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>--, ók</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:7'> <td width=81 style='width:60.85pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-top: none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; background:#FF99CC;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>o&#804;</span></p> </td> <td width=81 style='width:60.85pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>&#335;&#804;</span></p> </td> <td width=81 style='width:60.85pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>ō&#804;</span></p> </td> <td width=81 style='width:60.85pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>ó&#804;</span></p> </td> <td width=81 style='width:60.85pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>&#335;&#804;h, --</span></p> </td> <td width=81 style='width:60.9pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>ò&#804;</span></p> </td> <td width=81 style='width:60.9pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>&ocirc;&#804;</span></p> </td> <td width=81 style='width:60.9pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>ó&#804;h, --</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:8'> <td width=81 style='width:60.85pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-top: none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; background:#FF99CC;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>u</span></p> </td> <td width=81 style='width:60.85pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>&#365;</span></p> </td> <td width=81 style='width:60.85pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>ū</span></p> </td> <td width=81 style='width:60.85pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>--</span></p> </td> <td width=81 style='width:60.85pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>--, uk</span></p> </td> <td width=81 style='width:60.9pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>ù</span></p> </td> <td width=81 style='width:60.9pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>--</span></p> </td> <td width=81 style='width:60.9pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>--, --</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:9;mso-yfti-lastrow:yes'> <td width=81 style='width:60.85pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-top: none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; background:#FF99CC;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>u&#804;</span></p> </td> <td width=81 style='width:60.85pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>&#365;&#804;</span></p> </td> <td width=81 style='width:60.85pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>ū&#804;</span></p> </td> <td width=81 style='width:60.85pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>--</span></p> </td> <td width=81 style='width:60.85pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>--, u&#804;k</span></p> </td> <td width=81 style='width:60.9pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>ù&#804;</span></p> </td> <td width=81 style='width:60.9pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>--</span></p> </td> <td width=81 style='width:60.9pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt: 0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Charis SIL"; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>--, --</span></p> </td> </tr> </table> # Lioh-sáik gì cê biēu sê dang-tā̤-cê dioh gah muōi-sāu tieng ga ông-muōi „ng“ sèng-hâiu, ciáh â̤ te̤ng sài cī pie hù-hô̤, mò̤ tieng ga sèng-hâiu mâ̤ sāi sài. # Uòng-sáik gì cê biēu sê dang-tā̤-cê dioh gah muōi-sāu tieng ga „ṳ“ sèng-hâiu, ciáh â̤ te̤ng sài cī pie hù-hô̤, mò̤ tieng ga sèng-hâiu mâ̤ sāi sài. ===Lièng-cê Hù-hô̤=== Sāi Bàng-uâ-cê siā-cê sì-hâiu, dioh áng ing-ciék buong kui sia, buóh-āi lièng giék lâng bih he̤k ciā lâng bih ī siông gì ing-ciék sèng-hâiu dioh sāi lièng-cê hù-hô̤ „-“ lì lièng-giék ing-ciék. ==Ciáng-cê-huák== Gah ging-dáng ô nèng-ài tō̤ gáu gì cái-lâiu diē-sié du mò̤ siòng-sá̤ gì ùng-ciong gái sêu Bàng-uâ-cê gì ciáng-cê-huák, ng guó ô nè̤ng áng Séng-ging diē-sié gì ping-siā cūng-giék chók bàng-uâ-cê gì ciáng-cê-huák. Bàng-uâ-cê gì ciáng-cê-huák â̤ te̤ng buong có̤ „Gi-buōng sṳ-siā gie-cáik“, „Siang-mō̤ Duâi-nâung siā gie-cáik“, „Sing-diêu Hù-hô̤ Tieng-ga gie-cáik“, „Lièng-cê hù-hô̤ sāi-ê̤ṳng gie-cáik“ 4 bih buó-hông. ==Bàng-uâ-cê gâe̤ng Háng-cê gì Song-ciang== Kek Bàng-uâ-cê siā Hók-ciu-uâ cêu hāu lă̤ „Hók-ciu-uâ Lò̤-mā-huá“ he̤k „Hók-ciu-uâ Ping-ing-huá“. Ng ciēu nè̤ng huāng dó̤i kek Bàng-uâ-cê siā Hók-ciu-uâ, i-cà̤ nêng ôi Hók-ciu-uâ dioh kek Háng-cê siā. ===Háng-cê puái gì guong-diēng=== Háng-cê puái téng ùng-huá gâe̤ng mìng-cuk diòng-sìng gà̤-dēng lì káng cī bih ông-dà̤. I-cà̤ gì guong-diēng sê: :1, Hók-ciu-uâ sê Háng-nè̤ng gì ngṳ̄-ngiòng, dioh sāi Háng-cê siā. :2, Hók-ciu-uâ gah lik-sṳ̄ gà̤-dēng du sê kek Háng-cê lì siā, o̤h ông-cṳ «Chék Lìng Báik-ing» gâe̤ng siēu-sióh «Mìng-du Biék-gé». :3, Hók-ciu-uâ nâ kek háng-cê siā gì uâ, mâ̤ hiēu Hók-ciu-uâ gì nè̤ng iâ â̤ te̤ng téng háng-cê gà̤-dēng chai chók é-sé̤ṳ :4, Hók-ciu-uâ bō̤-ô cing-sâ̤ gū-cā Háng-ngṳ̄ gì sṳ̀, chiông „底(diē)“, „起動(kī-dâe̤ng)“, „晏(áng)“ du sê cêng gŏ̤ gū-cā hek ùng-ngiòng gì Háng-ngṳ̄ diông giâ gì gōng-huák. Cuòi sê Hók-ciu-uâ gì iu-diēng. Nâ kek Bàng-uâ-cê siā gì uâ, cī bih iu-diēng cêu gâe̤ng Bàng-uâ-cê cia gŏ̤ lāu. ===Bàng-uâ-cê puái gì guong-diēng=== Bàng-uâ-cê puái téng ngṳ̄-ngiòng sik-ê̤ṳng huong miêng biēu dak i-cà̤ gì guong-diēng, nêng ôi Bàng-uâ-cê â̤ te̤ng dái-tá̤ Háng-cê có̤ ùi Hók-ciu-uâ gì ciō-tā̤ sṳ-siā ùng-cê. Hók-ciu-uâ ô cing-sâ̤ gì ing mò̤ nèng-ài kek háng-cê siā, chiông „ge̤h (kē̤ lâi)“, „ngé̤ṳng (â̤ īng kī diòng-ôi buóh é̤h chók gì hūng-kuāng gāng-gáuk)“, „kau (eng sioh do̤i)“, du mò̤ nèng-ài sāi háng-cê siā chók lì. Ô nè̤ng â̤ kek háng-cê gì ing he̤k ciā é-sé̤ṳ lì hông-te̤k Hók-ciu-uâ mò nèng-ài siā chók gì cê, dáng sê, cuòi uōng-uōng â̤ gâe̤ng buōng cê hông gŏ̤. Hók-ciu-uâ háng-cê ô iā sâ̤ bih lik-sṳ̄ tèng-dā̤, cing sâ̤ háng-cê ô lâng bih te̤k-ing, ô gì gó ô 3 bih te̤k-ing. Nâ kek háng-cê siā gì uâ, nè̤ng mò̤ nèng-ài cūng káuk te̤k chók ing, ô sì hâiu nâ te̤k dâng gŏ̤, gâ̤ huák seng ngô-huôi. Â̤-dā̤ „生“ nâ te̤k /seŋ/ sê „sī“ gì é-sé̤ṳ, nâ te̤k có̤ /saŋ/ cêu sê „sang giāng“ gì é-sé̤ṳ, ng guó nâ sāi háng-cê siā chók lì, cêu mò̤ nèng-ài káng chók é-sé̤ṳ lāu. :::伊'''生'''去了. :::I '''seng''' gŏ̤ lāu. :::I '''sang''' gŏ̤ lāu. Ô nè̤ng giéng gáe̤k: „Nè̤ng nâ sāi Hók-ciu uâ siā ùng-ciong gì uâ, i nâ nguông â̤ hiēu Hók-ciu-uâ gì nè̤ng káng, ng sê ké̤ṳk mâ̤ hiēu Hók-ciu-uâ gì nè̤ng te̤k gì, gó-chṳ̄ tá-sāi gó-lê̤ṳ nè̤ng máik te̤k Hók-ciu-uâ ùng-ciong gì nè̤ng â̤ mâ̤ chai chók nĭh?“ Sioh cṳ̄ng ngṳ̄-ngiòng sêu gáu buōng-iòng hung-sṳk gâe̤ng dek-biék sê̤ṳ giông gì īng-hiōng â̤ sang chók cing sâ̤ dek-iū gì sṳ̀, ci pie sṳ̀ cêu nâ gōng sāi háng-cê siā, máik Hók-ciu-uâ gì nè̤ng iâ chai mâ̤ chók. :: 洋當池往幫伊儷使保兩下都霧裡去，今旦大翻生，在伊怎講也呣靜． Chiông gà̤-dēng cī guó uâ diē-sié gì „洋當池(iòng-dong-diè)“, „霧裡去(ô-lī-kó̤)“, sê Dâng Huò lo̤h sa̤-iòng sì-hâiu sùng gà̤-dēng gì Diòng-lo̤h giàng-sùng-gĭ huák mìng gì, nâ mò̤ ciong-muo-muo gāi sék, máik Hók-ciu-uâ gì cêu nâ káng háng-cê iâ ng hiēu i gì é-sé̤ṳ. Gó ô chiông „靜(sâng)“ ng sê „ang-cêng“ gì é-sé̤ṳ, sê „ng tiè, sák tiè“ gì é-sé̤ṳ, nâ káng háng-cê sê chai mâ̤ chók ciā é-sé̤ṳ gì. ==Bàng-uâ-cê ùng-hok== Bàng-uâ-cê ùng-hók mâ̤ sâ̤ bêng chiā do̤ só sê gâe̤ng cung-gáu ô gang-guó gì. Bàng-uâ-cê ùng-hók dé̤ṳ-cáuk sê 1908 nièng chók bēng gì «SÉNG GĬNG SĬNG GÔ IÓK CIÒNG CṲ̆». Cī buô ciòng-cṳ̄ ciong gōng buô Séng-ging sāi Hók-ciu buōng-gē̤ng uâ he̤k buōng-gē̤ng gì biēu dák huong sék huang ik chók lì, chui-muōng ô gì ê̤ṳng-sṳ̀ pieng ùng-ngiòng-ùng, dáng sê i gì gá-dek uòng-ciòng chieu guó cī pie chó̤ ngô. ==Ngiê-dāu Lièng-giék== *[http://historical.library.cornell.edu/cgi-bin/cul.cdl/docviewer?did=cdl180&seq=3&frames=0&view=50 «NGUĀI GÉU-CIŌ IÀ-SŬ GĬ-DÓK GÌ SĬNG-IÓK CṲ̆»] *[http://historical.library.cornell.edu/cgi-bin/cul.cdl/docviewer?did=cdl181&seq=5&frames=0&view=50 «SÉNG GĬNG SĬNG GÔ IÓK CIÒNG CṲ̆»] [[en:Bàng-uâ-cê]] [[zh:平話字]] 1881 3784 2006-11-18T15:06:40Z GnuDoyng 13 /* Háng-cê gì Gāng-huá */ [[Image:Ming.gif|thumb|150px|[[Hók-gióng]] gāng-chĭng "'''Mìng'''" gì Háng-cê siā-huák.|right]] '''Háng-cê''' (漢字; [[Nĭk-ngṳ̄]] [[Lò̤-mā-cê]]: Kanji; [[Dièu-siēng-ngṳ̄]] Lò̤-mā-cê: Hanja; [[Uŏk-nàng-ngṳ̄]]: Hán Tự) iâ hāu lā̤ „Dṳng-ùng“, sê Háng-nè̤ng huák-mìng gì hìng-ngiê sṳ-siā hiê-tūng. Háng-cê ô 4,000 siông nièng gì lik-sṳ̄ lāu, gah hiêng-káik-sì sié-gái gì ùng-cê hiê tūng dài-dōng, sê dék gū-lō̤ gì. Háng-cê sê Huà-ngṳ̄, Nik-buōng-ngṳ̄, Uok-ngṳ̄, Ngù-ngṳ̄ gì sṳ-siā ùng-cê. Dṳng-guók, Dài-uang, Hiong-gē̤ng, Ó̤-muòng, Māi-lài-sā̤-ngā, Sing-ga-po̤ gâe̤ng gì-ta guók-ga diē-sié háng-nè̤ng dêu gì dê-huông du â̤ káng ô háng-cê. ==Miàng-cê Lài-iù== „Háng-cê“ ciā sṳ̀ dék cā chók hiêng gah «Báe̤k Sṳ» . Â-dā̤ sê siong-guong gì gé cái. :「十八年，封金源郡王。始習本朝語言小字，及漢字經書，以進士完顔匡、司經徐孝美等侍讀」 :(Te̤k-ing) Sek báik nièng, hung Ging-nguòng góng-uòng. Sṳ̄ sik buōng dièu ngṳ̄-ngiòng siēu-cê gik háng-cê ging-cṳ, ī céng-sê̤ṳ Uòng-ngàng Kuang, sṳ-ging Sṳ̀ Háu-mī dēng sê̤ṳ te̤k. :(Huang-ik) ''Dâ̤ 18 nièng, cáik-hung Ging-nguòng góng gì góng-tàu. Kiū o̤h cê-ga guók-ga gì ngṳ̄-ngiòng ùng-cê, iâ o̤h háng-cê siā gì ging-cṳ. Ô céng-sê̤ṳ Uòng-ngàng Kuang gâe̤ng sṳ-ging Sṳ̀ Háu-mī dēng nè̤ng gah i buòng bieng puôi i cà̤ te̤k.'' ==Miàng-ching gì Sāi-ê̤ṳng== Ing ôi Háng-nè̤ng gah lik-sṳ̄ gà̤-dēng ùng-huá du bī ciu-ùi ming-cuk huák-dak, ing-chṳ̄ háng-nè̤ng du háng-lik i-cà̤ cê-ga gì cê ciáh sê cing-ciáng gì ùng-cê, gì-ṳ̀ ming-cuk gì cê du sê „Ì-cê“, gó chṳ̄ tiāu sāi „cê“, „ùng-cê“ ching-hū háng-cê, mò̤ sāi „háng-cê“ cī bih miàng-ching. Ching-guók gióng lik ī hâiu, ing ôi i gì guók-ngṳ̄ sê Māng-ciu-ngṳ̄, ùng-cê sê Māng-ùng, gó chṳ̄ mò̤ nèng-ài o̤h uōng-buong háng-nè̤ng guók-ga hūng-kuāng gái hāu háng-cê có̤ „ùng-cê“ lāu. Iù-sê „háng-cê“ cī bih miàng-ching ciáh ciâ lă̤ Ching-guók céng-hū, kiū gah Ching-guók háng-nè̤ng dài-dong sāi. Dṳng-huà Mìng-guók gióng lik hâiu, „Háng-cê“ ciā miàng-ching bô gâe̤ng guang-huong ké-cioh ng sāi. Dṳng-huà Mìng-guók gáu-ṳk-buô kek „guók-cê (buōng guók de̤k-iū gì ùng-cê)“ cī bih miàng-ching lì hāu háng-cê, gáu ging-dáng, Dài-uang nè̤ng gó sê ó̤i kek „guók-cê“ lì ching-hū háng-cê. Gah Dṳng-huà Ìng-mìng Gê̤ṳng-huò-guók 1949 nièng gióng lik ī hâiu, gah i tūng-dé gì dê-kṳ ké-ciok cing sâ̤ Dṳng-huà Mìng-guók gì diòng-tūng, ké-ciok ùng-cê miàng-ching iâ sê gì dṳng ci-ék. Dṳng-huà Ìng-mìng Gê̤ṳng-huò-guók, o̤h Ching-guók hūng-kuāng, sāi „Háng-cê“ cī bih miàng-ching. Gah Nik-buōng, Háng-guók gâe̤ng Dièu-siēng, sāi „Háng-cê“ cī bih miàng-ching, chui-muōng i-cà̤ iâ ô „guók-cê“ cī bih miàng-cê, ng guó cī bih miàng-cê sê ciong-muo-muo lì bī i-cà̤ buōng guók gì „Ga-na“ gâe̤ng „Dièu-siēng-cê“ gì. Dioh Uok-nàng, nè̤ng sāi „Ṳ̀-cê (Ṳ̀-ga gì ùng-cê)“ lì ching-hū háng-cê. ==Lik-sṳ̄== Háng-cê sê sié-gái lă̤ sāi gì ùng-cê dài-dong dék gū-lō̤ gì. Chui-muōng Ai-gik gâe̤ng Su-mò̤ (Sumer) nè̤ng gì cê du bī háng-cê cā, ng guó i-cà̤ mò̤ chiông háng-cê cūng-kuāng diòng gáu ging-dáng. Áng háng-nè̤ng gì gū-lō̤ diòng-gōng, háng-cê sê Chong Gik cháung có̤ gì. Uòng-dà̤ gì sṳ̄-guang Chong Gik áng nik-tàu gâe̤ng nguok gì hìng-câung, cēu gâe̤ng tàu-sang gì ka-ciék cháung-có̤ háng-cê. Ng guó cuòi du sê diòng-gōng, mò̤ nèng-ài sê cing-sik còng-câi gì dâi-kié. Nè̤ng gah mò̤ ùng-cê sāi gì sì-hâiu, â̤ áng nó̤h gì hìng-câung uâ giâ lì, có̤ ôi hù-hô̤, gah háng-cê dék-ca huak-diēng sì-gi, cêu sê cūng-kuāng. Cī pie áng hìng-câung uâ gì hù-hô̤ gah bàng-siong-gang sāi-ê̤ṳng sèng-hâiu â̤ mâing mâing gāng-huá he̤k ciā uòng-siêng, iù-sê „cê“ cêu chók hiêng gŏ̤ lāu. Cī sì-hâiu gì ùng-cê hāu lă̤ „gū-ùng-cê (gū-cā gì ùng-cê)“. Háng-cê gáu Siong-dièu gâe̤ng Ciu-dièu sì-hâiu huák-diēng chók „gák-gáuk-ùng“, ing ôi cī ùng-cê sê sāi tàu-sang gì ká̤ek-káe̤k he̤k gáuk-gáuk gì dēng. Gah hiā sì-hâiu gó ô káik-luâi gah diāng he̤k ciā dè̤ng ké gà̤ dēng gì ùng-cê, hāu lă̤ „Ging-ùng (ging-sṳk cié-pīng gà̤-dē̤ng gì ùng-cê)“ gâe̤ng „diāng-ùng (diāng gà̤-dē̤ng káik ô gì ùng-cê)“. Cìng-guók tūng-ék le̤k guók hâiu, Lī Sṳ gah Duâi-diông gâe̤ng le̤k-guók ùng-cê gì gi-chū gà̤-dēng cháung có̤ chók Siēu-diông, có̤ ôi guók-ga tūng-ék gì ùng-cê. Siēu-diông sák lâi Chung-chiu Ciéng-guók sì-dô̤i ùng-cê do̤-iông gì guoh-miêng, kui kī „siā dè̤ng iông“ gì lik-sṳ̄. Cìng-guók tūng-ék háng-cê ī-hâiu, iâ ô nè̤ng gié sṳk siu-gāi Siēu-diông, niông i gie siā. Gáu Háng-guók sì-dô̤i Lâ̤-cṳ chṳ̄-dâi Siēu-diông, biéng có̤ ciō-iéu gì sṳ-siā hiê-tūng, sák láe̤k gū-ùng-cê sì-dô̤i. Lâ̤-cṳ̄ ng dáng siàng ôi gū dāng ùng-cê gì buōng-liê-siáng, iâ ôi â-nik háng-cê huák diēng páh giâ dê-dong. Gáu Sâe̤ng-guók sì-dô̤i Cìng Huôi huák mìng lāu Cìng-tā̤-cê, ing ôi i gâe̤ng do-só háng-nè̤ng dáung có̤ „háng-gang“, sū ī i huák mìng gì Cìng-tā̤-cê gâe̤ng nè̤ng gui miàng có̤ sâe̤ng-tā̤-cê / sâng-tā̤-cê. Téng hiā sì hâiu kī sâe̤ng-tā̤-cê biéng có̤ ciong-muo-muo dò̤ lă̤ éng-sáuk háng-cê gì cê-tā̤. Gah sâe̤ng-tā̤-cê gì gi-dā̤ gà̤-dēng, bô sāng seng lāu huōng-sông-tā̤, u-tā̤-cê dēng dēng. Gáu gê̤ṳng-hiêng-dâi, Sa̤-iòng iā sâ̤ gì sṳ̀ gâe̤ng nó̤h céng-diē háng-nè̤ng gì ngṳ̄-ngiòng diē-sié, ôi lāu â̤ kiah cī kuāng biéng huá, nè̤ng bô áng ing-ông có̤ chók cing sâ̤ gì dang-sùng biēu dah ing-ông gì cê, chiông huá-hok nguòng-só biēu diē-sié gì nguòng-só miàng chê. ==Háng-cê gì Só-liông== Háng-cê dék duâi gì dek-diēng cêu sê „Sang mò̤ deng-gé. Sī mò̤ bó̤-sieu“, nè̤ng gong buōng mò̤ nèng-ài tūng-gié háng-cê gì cūng-káuk só-liông. Áng tūng-gié, lik-sṳ̄ gà̤-diēng chók hiêng gì háng-cê chieu guó 6 uâng, ng guó do̤-só du ng sê ciáng-tā̤-cê, du sê é-tā̤-cê he̤k ciā hāng-ê̤ṳng gì cê̤. Tàu-tàu chók tūng-gié háng-cê só-liông gì nè̤ng sê Háng-guók gì Hṳ̄ Sêng, i gah «Sióh-ùng Gā̤-cê» diē-sié du liāng siu ô háng-cê 9,353 cê. Gáu Sâe̤ng-guók sèng-hâiu, guang-huong pieng-siā gì «Chék Ông» diē-sié siu cê ô 5 uâng 3,525 cê. Ching-guók pieng-siā gì «Kong-hi Cê-diēng» siu cê ô 4 uâng 7,035 cê. Hiêng-dâi, 1915 nièng chók gì «Dṳng-ùng Duâi Cê-diēng» siu cê 4 uâng 7,035 cê, Dṳng-guók chók gì «Háng-ngṳ̄ Duâi Cê-diēng» siu ô 5 uâng 4,678 cê. Gáu ging-dáng, â̤-hiēu gì siu cê dék sâ̤ gì cê-diēng sê 1994 nièng chók bēng gì «Dṳng-huà Cê-hāi», siu háng-cê ô 8 uâng 5 chieng. ==Háng-cê gì Cháung-cê Nguòng-lī== Háng-cê cháung-cê guó-tiàng â̤ buong có̤ 6 lôi, cī le̤k cṳ̄ng cêu sê bàng-siòng gōng gì „Le̤k-cṳ (háng-cê iā có̤六書)“. Háng-guók gì Hṳ̄ Sêng gah i gì «Sióh-ùng Gā̤-cê» diē-siá ôi cī le̤k lôi cī diâng miàng ching, huong biék sê „chiông-hìng (象形)“, „Cī-sê̤ṳ (指事)“, „Huôi-é (會意)“, „Hìng-siang (形聲)“, „Diōng-ció (轉注)“, gâe̤ng „gā-cióh (假借)“. '''Chiông-hìng-cê''' Chiông-hìng-cê sê Háng-cê dék-cā gì iông-sék. Cī lôi gì cê sê téng nè̤ng uâ gì tù gà̤-dēng lì gĭ, ng guó nè̤ng bàng-só gah âiu-sié siā cī lôi gì cê sì-hâiu, ô kó̤ ché̤ṳ-lī i-cà̤ gì iông-sék gâe̤ng bék-huak, niông i gáing ṳ̀ng-ê siā. Ging-guó cūng-kuāng ché̤ṳ-lī, bieu-cūng gì chiông-hìng-cê ī ging gâe̤ng nguòng-lā̤ gì dù ô cing duâi cha-biék lāu, o̤h nik cê „日“, téng ièng-gĭ biéng có̤ sé-gáe̤k gì. Chiông-hìng-cê du sê duk-tā̤ cê, chiông sang-kṳ gì sang „山“, tieng gà̤-dēng buōi gì cēu „鳥“. '''Cī-sê̤ṳ-cê''' Cī-sê̤ṳ-cê sê gah chiông-hìng-cê gì gi-chū gà̤-dēng sang-chók gì. Chiông „do̤ (刀)“ cê ga sioh dók, cêu biéng có̤ ciong-muo-muo cī do̤-cieng gì „êng (刃)“. Cī lôi cê ng sê cing sâ̤. '''Huôi-é-cê''' Lâng bih ī siông gì chiông-hìng-cê cū hak kī, hìng-siàng sing-gì cê, biēu dak sing gì é-sé̤ṳ, ciā é-sé̤ṳ gô gâe̤ng cī cū-lì i gì chiông-hìng-cê ô guong-hiê. Cī cṳ̄ng cê cêu sê huôi-é-cê, áng Hṳ̄ Sêng gì tūng-gié, cī lôi cê iéng ciòng buô háng-cê 13%. Siong-séng gì séng „(信)“ sê biēu dak „nè̤ng“ cī bih gái-niêng gì „ìng (人)“ gâe̤ng biēu-dak nè̤ng gì uâ gì „ngiòng (言)“ cū-siàng gĭ, é-sé̤ṳ cêu sê nè̤ng gōng gì uâ ng-dáng dê̤ṳng-iéu, gó dioh siong séng. '''Hìng-siang-cê''' Hìng-siang-cê sê chiông-hìng-cê (biéng-tā̤) gâe̤ng biēu sê te̤k-ing gì cê cū hak siàng gì cê. Chiông Sa̤-hù gì „hù (湖)“, dō̤-beng „sang-dók-cuōi (氵)“ biēu sê „hù (湖)“ ciā cê gì é-sé̤ṳ gâe̤ng cuōi ô gang-guó, ciáng-beng gì „hù (胡)“ biēu sê „hù (湖)“ cī bih cê te̤k /hu˥˧/. Gah «Kong-hi Cê-diēng» gà̤-dēng, ciék gê̤ṳng ô 90% gì cê sê cī lôi. '''Diōng-ció-cê''' Diōng-ció-cê sê sioh bih cê i gì é-sé̤ṳ huák seng gāi-biéng. '''Gā-cióh-cê''' Gā-cióh-cê sê cê gì nguòng-lā̤ é-sé̤ṳ mò̤ sāi gŏ̤ lāu, dò̤ lă̤ biēu dak sing gì é-sé̤ṳ. Chiông „Ā-sá̤-ā (亞細亞)“, ī ging biéng có̤ dang-sùng gì huak ik sṳ̀. ==Háng-cê gì Gāng-huá== Nê-chók sié-gái ciéng-ceng hâiu, Dṳng-huà Ìng-mìng Gê̤ṳng-huò-guók, Sing-ga-po̤ gâe̤ng Nik-buōng sang-guók du ô có̤ gāng huá háng-cê gì dâi-kié. Sing-ga-po̤ gah ciòng-bēng chāi nak Dṳng-guók gì gāng-huá-cê ī hâiu, tiék-dā̤ hié-dṳ̀ nguòng-lă̤ i cê-ga gì gāng-huá-cê. Dṳng-huà Ìng-mìng Gê̤ṳng-huò-guók gah 1950 nièng kiū gāng-huá háng-cê, 1956 nièng gung-buó tàu-tàu tiong gāng-huá-cê biēu, 1964 nièng gung-buó dâ̤ nê tiong, cêng gŏ̤ sâ̤ gì cê gâe̤ng gāng huá gŏ̤. Ng guó 1977 nièng, céng-hū song-buó hié-dṳ̀ 1964 nièng gì hī tiong biēu, bêng chiā dìng-cī gāng-huá háng-cê gì ge̤ng-tiàng. Nik-buōng gah 1945 nièng gung-buó «Dong ê̤ṳng Háng-cê Biēu», 1981 nièng gung-buó «Sèu-sāi gì Háng-cê Biēu». Cī lâng bih biēu ciong mìng-gang sāi gì gāng-tā̤-cê può có̤ ciáng-tā̤-cê, cī pie cê hāu lă̤ „Sing-cê-tā̤ (Sing gì cê)“, hié-dṳ̀ gì hī pie cê hāu lă̤ „gô-cê-tā̤ (gô gì cê)“. [[Category:Ngṳ̄-ngiòng]] [[Category:Dṳ̆ng-guók]] [[br:sinalun]] [[da:Kinesisk skrift]] [[de:Chinesische Schriftzeichen]] [[en:Chinese character]] [[es:La escritura china]] [[eo:Ĉina skribo]] [[fa:خط چینی]] [[fr:Sinogramme]] [[ko:한자]] [[id:Aksara Cina]] [[it:Carattere cinese]] [[lt:Kinų raštas]] [[mk:Кинеско писмо]] [[ms:Aksara Cina]] [[nl:Hanzi]] [[ja:漢字]] [[no:Kinesiske tegn]] [[ug:خەنزۇچە (خىتايچە) خەت]] [[pl:Hanzi]] [[pt:Caracteres chineses]] [[ru:Китайское письмо]] [[sl:Kitajska pisava]] [[fi:Kiinan kirjoitusjärjestelmä]] [[vi:Chữ Trung Quốc]] [[tr:Çince karakterler]] [[zh:汉字]] 1882 3878 2006-11-26T05:46:20Z GnuDoyng 13 [[Image:Snail black on grass2.jpg|thumb|200px|Ngù-mō̤-ngù-giāng|right]] '''Ngù-mō̤-ngù-giāng''' (牛母牛囝) sê 1 cṳ̄ng [[niōng-tā̤ dông-ŭk]]. Ĭ giăng [[nĭk-tàu]] puŏk, gó-chṳ̄ dŭ sĕng-uăk diŏh [[cūi]] lā̤ hĕ̤k-ciā dê lā̤ lâng-nóng gì dê-huŏng. Ngù-mō̤-ngù-giāng [[tàu]] lā̤ ô 1 hăk gáe̤k-gáe̤k, â̤ chiŏng â̤ giŭ. [[Mĕ̤k-ciŭ]] cêu găk gáe̤k-gáe̤k muōi-sāu. Ngù-mō̤-ngù-giāng ô 1 bĭk káe̤k-káe̤k, ciā káe̤k-káe̤k iā sŭ iā chói, ô gì káe̤k-káe̤k sê dō̤-bĕng chiŏ-liŏ gì ièng-cŭi hìng, ô gì káe̤k-káe̤k sê ciáng-bĕng chiŏ-liŏ gì ièng-cŭi hìng. Hiŭ-sék hĕ̤k-ciā ngê̤ṳ diŏh ngŭi-hiēng gì sèng-hâiu, ĭ gó̤-lòng sĭng dŭ giŭ gáu káe̤k-káe̤k diē-sié go̤, sū-ī ngù-mō̤-ngù-giāng gì káe̤k-káe̤k sì dò̤ la̤ bō̤-hô sāi. Ngù-mō̤-ngù-giāng bók-lō̤ giâ ô bô biēng bô kuák gì [[Kă|bók-lō̤-kă]], ngù-mō̤-ngù-giāng sāi ĭ lì giàng diô, ng guó giàng cĭng mâing. Ciā kă â̤ làu chók nĭ-nĭ-lióh cáik-cáik, ciā cáik-cáik â̤ dó̤i-chiū ngù-mō̤-ngù-giāng mò̤ gâe̤ng gì-tă tè̤ng-ngiê gâ go̤. Lêng-nguôi, ngù-mō̤-ngù-giāng giàng diô sèng-hâiu sāi ciā cáik-cáik lì niōng-ê̤ṳng dê-dāu, cūng-kuāng ĭ-cà̤ giàng diô cêu â̤ ká̤-uăk nék-giāng. Iòng-dŏng-diè, ngù-mō̤-ngù-giāng siăh [[chéu]] gâe̤ng [[chāu]] gì [[Niŏh|niŏh-niŏh]] gâe̤ng ngà-ngà, dáng-sê iâ ô 1 piĕ ngù-mō̤-ngù-giāng â̤ siăh gì-tă tè̤ng-ngiê. Ngù-mō̤-ngù-giāng gì tiĕng-dĭk iā sâ̤, ô [[cēu]], [[cūi-giĕ]], [[uòng-pà̤]], [[gŭi]], [[siè]], [[làng-muōi-sĭng]] dēng-dēng. Ngù-mō̤-ngù-giāng â̤ siăh gì, [[Huák-guók]] nè̤ng cṳ̄ gì ngù-mō̤-ngù-giāng sê sié-gái dék tāu-miàng gì puói. {{Commons|Helicidae|Ngù-mō̤-ngù-giāng}} {{Wikispecies|Helicoidea|Ngù-mō̤-ngù-giāng}} [[Category:Dông-ŭk|Ŋ]] [[bg:Охлюв]] [[pdc:Schneck]] [[de:Schnecken]] [[en:Snail]] [[es:Caracol]] [[eo:Heliko]] [[fr:Escargot]] [[it:Helix Pomata]] [[ko:달팽이]] [[la:Cochlea (animal)]] [[io:Heliko]] [[os:Сæтæлæг]] [[lv:Gliemezis]] [[ja:カタツムリ]] [[ro:Melc]] [[ru:Улитка]] [[zh:蜗牛]] [[tr:Salyangoz]] 1883 3632 2006-11-11T07:41:05Z GnuDoyng 13 Hók-gióng gāng-chĭng "Mìng" gì Háng-cê. GnuDoyng cê-gă có̤ gì cê̤ṳ-iù bēng-guòng dù. Hók-gióng gāng-chĭng "Mìng" gì Háng-cê. GnuDoyng cê-gă có̤ gì cê̤ṳ-iù bēng-guòng dù. 1887 3660 2006-11-12T10:51:33Z GnuDoyng 13 '''Sṳ̀ng-chéu''' kō̤-ī sê: # '''榕樹''', chiāng chăng-kō̤ [[Sṳ̀ng-chéu (Hók-ciŭ chê-chéu)]]; # '''松樹''', chiāng chăng-kō̤ [[Sṳ̀ng-chéu (Sṳ̀ng-báh)]]. {{Gì-ngiê}} 1888 3909 2006-11-29T16:17:32Z GnuDoyng 13 <div id="disambig" class="notice" style="margin-top:10px;padding:5px;border-top:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;">[[Image:Disambig.svg|left|40px]]''Cuòi sê 1 miêng ô gì-ngiê gì hiăh.''<br />''Nṳ̄ nâ sê téng sié-nó̤h [[Special:Whatlinkshere/{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|lièng-giék]] lièng gáu cŭ-uái, chiāng nṳ̄ siŭ-gāi hiā lièng-giék giéu ĭ lièng gáu ciáng-káuk gì dèu-mĕ̤k.''</div><includeonly>[[Category:Gì-ngiê]]</includeonly> 1889 3781 2006-11-18T14:28:34Z GnuDoyng 13 == Ing Ông == Áng «Chék Lìng báik-ing» gà̤ dēng gié cái, Hók-ciu uâ du-liāng ô 33 bih ông-mō̤ 15 bih siang-mō̤, 7 bih sing-diêu. Ging-dáng Hók-ciu uâ gì ing-ông tā̤ hiê duâi tā̤ siông gâe̤ng «Chék Lìng báik-ing» sioh iông. Dáng ging-dáng Hók-ciu uâ ô ông-mō̤ sùi sing-diêu huák seng „se̤ng-ông-huá“ gâe̤ng „kui-ông-huá“ gì hiêng-chiông. Siang-mō̤ huák seng „pé-ing-huá“ dēng hiêng-chiông, cuòi du sê «Chék Lìng Báik-ing» gà̤ dēng mò̤ cái ô gĭ. Lêng nguòi, Hók-ciu uâ kēu-ngṳ̄ gó ô siong dong hó-cak gì sing-diêu biéng huá gie cák. ===Siang-diêu/Sing-diêu=== Hók-ciu uâ ô 7 bih siang-diêu, áng «Chék Lìng báik-ing» gà̤-dēng gé cái, cī 7 bih siang-diêu gì miàng sê „Siông Bìng“, „Siông Siang“, „Siông Ké̤ṳ“, „Shiông Ik“, „Hâ Bìng“, „Hâ Ké̤ṳ“, „Hâ Ik“. Gū Háng-ngṳ̄ gì „Siông Siông“ gâe̤ng „Siông Hâ“ gah Hók-ciu uâ diē sié ī ging hak biáng có̤ sioh bih „Siông Siang“ gŏ̤ lāu. Â-dā̤ cī tiong dù sāi Ngô-dô bieu-ing huák biēu sê chók chék bih siang-diêu gì diêu-dih. Siang-diêu gah Háng-ngṳ̄ hók-gái diē sié gì dó̤i éng miàng ching siā dioh có̤i muōi hī sioh dih diē sié. Siang-diêu diêu dih áng Hók-ciu kiong ùi cūng. {|class="wikitable", style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto", border=1, cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" |- |style="background:#ffdead;" |Siang-diêu miàng ching||style="background:#ffdead;" |Dù hìng||style="background:#ffdead;" |Só cê|| |- |Siông bìng || ˥˥|| 55||陰平 |- |Siông siang || ˧˧ || 33||陰上/陽上 |- |Siông ké̤ṳ || ˨˩˦ || 214||陰去 |- |Siông ik || ˨˦ || 24||陰入 |- |colspan="4"| |- |Hâ bìng || ˥˧ || 53||陽平 |- |Hâ ké̤ṳ || ˨˦˨ || 242||陽去 |- |Hâ ik || ˥ || 5||陽入 |} ===Siang-mō̤=== Hók-ciu uâ ô 15 bih siang-mō̤, cêu sê bàng siòng gōng gì „15 Ing hiê tūng“. Áng huák ing buó ôi lì buong gì uâ, cī 15 siang-mō̤ â̤ buong có̤ „Hò̤-lè̤ng cū“, „Chói-puòi cū“, „Ngā-kī ék cū“ gâe̤ng „Ngā-kī nê cū“ cī sé cū. {|class="wikitable", style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto", border=1, cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" |+ '''Hók-ciu Uâ Siang-mō̤ Tā̤ Hiê Biēu''' ! style="background:#efefef;" | Cū biék ||style="background:#ffdead;" | Mò̤-ké ing ||style="background:#ffdead;" | Ô-ké ing ||style="background:#ffdead;" | Pé ing ||colspan="2" style="background:#ffdead;" | Gì-ta |- |　Hò̤-lè̤ng cū　 ||　　k　　||　　kʰ　　||　　ŋ　　||　　ʔ　　||　　　　h / ɸ |- |　Chói-puòi cū　||　　p　　||　　pʰ　　||　　m　　||style="background:green; color:white"|　　β　　|| |- |　Ngā-kī 1 cū　||　　ts / tɕ　　||　　tsʰ / tɕʰ 　 ||style="background:green; color:white"|　　ɳ　　||style="background:green; color:white"|　　ʝ　　||style="background:green; color:white"|　　　　z |- |　Ngā-kī 2 cū　||　　t　　||　　tʰ　　||　　n　　||　　l　　||　　s / ɕ / θ / f　　 |} 1) Lioh sáih huong gák diē-sié gì siang-mō̤ nâ chók hiêng gah kēu ngṳ̄ ing-biéng sì hâiu. 2) Siang-mō̤ /β/, /ʝ/ gâe̤ng /z/ sê cok-ing/de̤k siang-mō̤. 3) Siang-mō̤ /s/ gah Hók-chiang kiong diē sié te̤k có̤ /θ/. O̤h „siang“ te̤k /θiaŋ/. 4) Siang-mō̤ /s/ ô nè̤ng â̤ ciong i te̤k có̤ /f/. :O̤h „mò̤ chiok mò̤ <font color=red><b>s</b></font>ê̤ṳ“ te̤k /mo tɕʰyo mo <font color=red><b>f</b></font>øy/. 5) Ô gì hok-ciā giéng gáe̤k Hók-ciu uâ siang-mō̤ /h/ gâe̤ng sá̤-ông /i/, /y/ song-ping gì sì hâiu te̤k có̤ /x/. 6) Siang-mō̤ gâe̤ng /h/ gâe̤ng /u/ ông song-ping sì hâiu, Lò̤-nguòng kiong te̤k có̤ /ɸ/. :O̤h „Hū muòng“ /ɸu muoŋ/. 7) Siang-mō̤ /ts/, /tsʰ/, /s/ gah sá̤-ông /i/, /y/ (gâe̤ng cī lâng bih sá̤-ông gah sèng-lāu gì se̤ng-ông-mō̤) sèng-lāu sì hâiu niōng huá, te̤k có̤ /tɕ/, /tɕʰ/, /ɕ/. Cī sang bih siang-mō̤ gah ông-mō̤ /ɛ/ sèng-sāu sì, ô nè̤ng iâ te̤k có̤ niōng ing. :O̤h „mò̤ <font color=red><b>ch</b></font>iok mò̤ sê̤ṳ“ te̤k /mo <font color=red><b>tɕʰ</b></font>yo mo føy/. 8) Gah Diòng-lo̤h gâe̤ng gì uâ dài dong, mò̤ /n/ cī bih siang-mō̤, sū iū /n/ siang-mō̤ gì cê du biáng gáu /l/ siang diē sié gŏ̤ lāu. :O̤h: Lêng = Nêng /lɛiŋ/. 9) Hók-ciu gì dṳng nièng nè̤ng gâe̤ng hâiu-sang-giāng gah gōng uâ sì-hâiu ī ging mò̤ buong /l/ gâe̤ng /n/ lāu (dong iòng, ô gì ging guó buói-hóng â̤ buong chók cī lâng bih siang-mō̤). Iòng-dong-diè sê /l/ siang gì cê biáng gáu /n/ siang diē sié. :O̤h Lêng = Nêng = /nɛiŋ/. Hók-ciu uâ siang-mō̤ gah «Cék Lìng Báik-ing» gà̤ dēng gì siang-mō̤ cê: {|class="wikitable", style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto", border=1, cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" |style="background:#ffdead;" |Sing-mō̤ cê||　柳||　邊||　求||　氣||　低 |- |style="background:#efefef;" |Guók-cié ing-biēu||　l||　p||　k||　kʰ||　t |- |colspan="6"| |- |style="background:#ffdead;" |Sing-mō̤ cê||　波||　他||　曾||　日||　時 |- |style="background:#efefef;" |Guók-cié ing-biēu||　pʰ||　tʰ||　ts||　n||　s |- |- |colspan="6"| |- |style="background:#ffdead;" |Sing-mō̤ cê||　鶯||　蒙||　語||　出||　喜 |- |style="background:#efefef;" |Guók-cié ing-biēu||　ʔ||　m||　ŋ||　tsʰ||　h |- |- |colspan="6"| |- |style="background:#ffdead;" |Sing-mō̤ cê||　打||　掌||　與||　君||　知 |- |style="background:#efefef;" |Guók-cié ing-biēu||colspan="5"| Cī ngô cê sū biēu-sê gì siang-mō̤ gah gà̤-dēng ī ging chók hiêng gŏ̤ lāu |} ===Ông-mō̤=== Hók-ciu uâ gì dang ông-mō̤ ô 11 bih, dṳ̀ /i/, /y/, /u/ nguôi, du ô kui māu dó̤i lik ====Dang Se̤ng Ông-mō̤==== {|class="wikitable", style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto", border=1, cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" |+ '''Dang Ông-mō̤ Biēu''' ! style="background:#efefef;"|Lôi Hìng||colspan="7" style="background:#efefef;"| Ông-mō̤ |- |style="background:#ffdead;" |Māu lôi||　a　||　e　||　ø　||　i　||　y　||　u　||　o　 |- |style="background:#ffdead;" |Kui lôi ||　ɑ　||　ɛ / æ　||　œ　|||| || ||　ɔ　 |} 1) Ô gì hok-ciā giéng gáe̤k /e/ gì kui-ông éng dong sê /æ/ Se̤ng-ông ô 31 bih, duâi buó hông iâ ô kui gâe̤ng māu gì dó̤i lik {|class="wikitable", style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto", border=1, cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" |+ '''Se̤ng Ông-mō̤ Biēu''' ! style="background:#efefef;"|　loi　||colspan="5" style="background:#efefef;"|Ông-mō̤ |- |style="background:#ffdead;" |　Mau　||　ai　||　au　||||　eu　|| |- |style="background:#ffdead;" |　Kui　||　ɑi　||　au　||　ɛi　||　ɛu　|| |- |colspan="7"| |- |style="background:#ffdead;" |　Mau　||　ia　||　ie　||　ieu　||　iu　|| |- |style="background:#ffdead;" |　Kui　||　iɑ　||　iɛ　||　iɛu　|||| |- | colspan="7"| |- |style="background:#ffdead;" |　Mau　||　øy　||　yo　||　ya　|||| |- |style="background:#ffdead;" |　Kui　||　ɔy　||　yɔ　|||||| |- |colspan="7"| |- |style="background:#ffdead;" |　Mau　||　ua　||　uai　||　uo　||　uoi　||　ui　 |- |style="background:#ffdead;" |　Kui　||　uɑ　||　uɑi　||　uɔ　||　uɔi　||　oi　 |- |colspan="7"| |- |style="background:#ffdead;" |　Mau||　ou　||　iau　|||||| |- |style="background:#ffdead;" |　Kui　|||||||||| |} 1) Chék Lìng báik-ing diē sié mò̤ /iau/ ông. Cī bih ông-mō̤ â̤ sáung Hók-ciu uâ gì ciáng-sék ông-mō̤, gah hok-suk gái gó ô ceng-lâung, sioh meng do̤ só hok-ciā giéng gáe̤k i ng sê, sioh meng gah cê-diēng gâe̤ng hok-suk lâung ùng diē sié bô gâe̤ng gui gáu ông-mō̤ tā̤ hiê diē sié. 2) Ông-mō̤ /ya/ gah ging dáng Hók-ciu uâ diē sié ī ging tō̤ mâ̤ dioh lāu, áng «Tái-sṳ̄ Lìng Pék-sang Cê-ngiê Biêng-lāng» gé cái, cī bih (Hṳa Ông) ông-buô gì cê nâ ô 4 bih. Cī 3 cê gah ging dáng Hók-ciu kiong diē sié cìng kuóng sê ciong uâng gĭ, 1 cê gui gáu /ai/ ông (cṳā > cāi), 1 cê gui gáu /ie/ ông (hṳa > hie), 1 cê gui gáu /ɛ/ ông (hṳa > ha̤) 3) Ku-chèng kiong ciong /yo/ te̤k có̤ /yø/. Ciong uâng te̤k huák gah Hók-ciu kiong iâ kāi sṳ̄ liù hèng, te̤k biek gah hâiu-sang-giāng dài dong. 4) Ông-mō̤ /uoi/ gâe̤ng /ui/ (bau guák cī lâng bih gì kui-ông) gah duâi buô hông dê kṳ ī ging hah biáng có̤ sioh bih ông, nâ ô Ku-chèng kiong gâe̤ng Bìng-tàng gâe̤ng gì Hók-chiang kiong mò̤ huák seng hah biáng. 5) Ông-mō̤ /iu/ gâe̤ng /ieu/ (bau guák i gì kui-ông) gah duâi buô hông dê kṳ ī ging hah biáng có̤ sioh bih ông, nâ ô Ku-chèng kiong gâe̤ng Bìng-tàng gâe̤ng gì Hók-chiang kiong mò̤ huák seng hah biáng. 6) Ông-mō̤ /ieu/ gâe̤ng /iɛu/ gah Ku-chèng kiong diē-sié te̤k có̤ /iəu/ he̤k /iau/. ====Pé-ing Ông-mō̤==== {|class="wikitable", style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto", border=1, cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" |+ '''Pé-ing Ông-mō̤ Biēu''' ! style="background:#efefef;"|　loi　||colspan="5" style="background:#efefef;"|Ông-mō̤ |- |style="background:#ffdead;" |　Mau　||　aŋ　||　eiŋ　||　　 |- |style="background:#ffdead;" |　Kui　||　ɑŋ　||　ɑiŋ　|| |- |colspan="7"| |- |style="background:#ffdead;" |　Mau　||　iŋ　||　iaŋ　||　ieŋ　 |- |style="background:#ffdead;" |　Kui　||　ɛiŋ　||　iɑŋ　||　iɛŋ　 |- | colspan="7"| |- |style="background:#ffdead;" |　Mau　||　yŋ　||　øyŋ　||　yoŋ　 |- |style="background:#ffdead;" |　Kui　||　　||　ɔyŋ　||　yɔŋ　 |- |colspan="7"| |- |style="background:#ffdead;" |　Mau　||　uŋ　||　uaŋ　||　uoŋ　　 |- |style="background:#ffdead;" |　Kui　||　ouŋ　||　uɑŋ　||　uɔŋ　　 |- |colspan="7"| |- |style="background:#ffdead;" |　Mau||||　m̩ / n̩ / ŋ̍　|| |- |style="background:#ffdead;" |　Kui　||　ɔuŋ　|||| |} 1) Hók-ciu uâ nâ ô sioh bih siang-huá ông /ŋ̍/. Dáng sê /ŋ̍/ gah kēu ngṳ̄ ing-biéng dài-dong sêu âiu-sāu siang-mō̤ gì īng-hiōng huák seng biéng huá, gó sāng seng lâng bih sing gì siang-huá-ông /m̩/ gâe̤ng /n̩/. :::ng sê /ŋ̍ sei/ >> /n̩ nei/ :::ng biáng /ŋ̍ piɑŋ/ >> /m̩ miɑŋ/ 2) Hók-ciu uâ diē-sié te̤k siang-huá-ông /ŋ̍/ gì cê nâ ô lâng bih, bêng ciā du sê hâ-ké̤ṳ siang. Sioh bih sê pēu-dêng-sṳ̀ „n̂g“, sioh bih sê „sāi, bóng“ gì „n̂g“. Tàu-tàu bih „n̂g“ gah kēu ngṳ̄ dài dong do̤ só te̤k có̤ „ing“, dâ̤ nê bih gah kēu ngṳ̄ dài dong te̤k có̤ „ung“. :::Ng sāi giang /ŋ̍ sai kiaŋ/ >> /iŋ nai kiaŋ/ :::Ô ng-ng mŏ̤ /ou ŋ̍ ŋ̍ mo/ >> /u ʔuŋ ʔuŋ mo/ 3) Ông-mō̤ /ɑiŋ/ gah Hók-chiang kiong te̤k có̤ /æŋ/, ông gì nè̤ng gô â̤ gah /æ/ âiu-sāu gah iā king-siang gì /i/, te̤k có̤ /æiŋ/. Áng ciong uâng huák diēng, Hók-chiang uâ diē-sié gì /æŋ/ dì-cā iâ â̤ biéng gâe̤ng Hók-ciu kiong sioh iông, cà̤ te̤k có̤ /ɑiŋ/. 4) Ông-mō̤ /øyŋ/ gah Hók-chiang kiong te̤k có̤ /œŋ/, ông gì nè̤ng gô â̤ gah /œ/ âiu-sāu gah iā king-siang gì /y/, te̤k có̤ /œyŋ/. Áng ciong uâng huák diēng, Hók-chiang uâ diē-sié gì /œŋ/ dì-cā iâ â̤ biéng gâe̤ng Hók-ciu kiong sioh iông, cà̤ te̤k có̤ /øyŋ/. ====Ông-muōi==== {|class="wikitable", style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto", border=1, cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" |+ '''Ông-muōi Biēu''' ! style="background:#efefef;"|　loi　||colspan="5" style="background:#efefef;"|Ông-mō̤ |- |style="background:#ffdead;" |　Mau　||　akˀ　||　eikˀ　||　okˀ　 |- |style="background:#ffdead;" |　Kui　||　ɑkˀ　||　ɑikˀ　||　ɔkˀ　 |- |colspan="7"| |- |style="background:#ffdead;" |　Mau　||　ikˀ　||　iakˀ　||　iekˀ　 |- |style="background:#ffdead;" |　Kui　||　ɛikˀ　||　iɑkˀ　||　iɛkˀ　 |- | colspan="7"| |- |style="background:#ffdead;" |　Mau　||　ykˀ　||　øykˀ　||　yokˀ　 |- |style="background:#ffdead;" |　Kui　||　　||　ɔykˀ　||　yɔkˀ　 |- |colspan="7"| |- |style="background:#ffdead;" |　Mau　||　ukˀ　||　uakˀ　||　uokˀ　　 |- |style="background:#ffdead;" |　Kui　||　oukˀ　||　uɑkˀ　||　uɔkˀ　　 |- |colspan="7"| |- |style="background:#ffdead;" |　Mau||　œkˀ　||　　|| |- |style="background:#ffdead;" |　Kui　||||　ɔukˀ　|| |} {|class="wikitable", style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto", border=1, cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" |+ '''Ông-muōi Biēu''' ! style="background:#efefef;"|　loi　||colspan="5" style="background:#efefef;"|Ông-mō̤ |- |style="background:#ffdead;" |　Mau　||　aˀ　||　iaˀ　||　uaˀ　　 |- |style="background:#ffdead;" |　Kui　||　ɑˀ　||　iɑˀ　||　uɑˀ　 |- |colspan="7"| |- |style="background:#ffdead;" |　Mau　||　oˀ　||　uoˀ　||　yoˀ　　 |- |style="background:#ffdead;" |　Kui　||　ɔˀ　||　uɔˀ　||　yɔˀ　　 |- |} ==Ing-biéng Hiêng Chiông== Hók-ciu uâ ô iā hung-hó gì ing-ông biéng huá hiêng chiông. Câi-i sê biéng-huá hìng-sék gó sê biéng huá huóng-ùi gah Háng-ngṳ̄ ngṳ̄-ngiòng diē-sié du sê cing dok-chók gì. Hók-ciu uâ gì ing-ông biéng huá ng sê buōng-lā̤ cêu ô gĭ, áng ciéu hok-ciā ngièng-géu, cī pie biéng huá giāng-giang sê téng Ching-dièu âiu-gi huák seng gì, bêng-ciā gah Sek-ék pieng piék gì sang kṳ gó mò̤ ô ciong-uâng hiêng chiông. Hók-ciu uâ gì Ing-ông biéng huá ô 3 lôi, siang-mō̤, ông-mō̤, siang-diêu. Gah cī 3 lôi diē sié, siang-mō̤ biéng huá dék ô gie-cáik dék gāng dang, siang-diêu biéng huá dék hô-cak. ===Siang-mō̤=== Hók-ciu uâ siang mō̤ biéng huá sê 3 lôi ing-ông biéng-huá dài dong dék gāng dang gĭ. Biéng huá gie cáik áng siang-mō̤ gì huák ing buó-ôi buong có̤ „hò̤-lè̤ng“, „chói-puòi“, „ngā-kī 1“, „ngā-kī 2“ 4 cū, gieng-dṳk cū gái áng sèng-sāu cê gì ông-muōi buōng có̤ „ke̤ng ông-muōi“, „pé ông-muōi“, „sék ông-muōi“ 3 cṳ̄ng ====Hò̤-lè̤ng Cṳ̄==== Hò̤-le̤ng cū gì siang-mō̤ ô /k/, /kʰ/, /h/, /ŋ/ gâe̤ng /ʔ/ 5 bih. Cê gì siang mō̤ sê hò̤-lè̤ng cū siang-mō̤ /k/, /kʰ/, /h/,chiā cê gah ke̤ng ông-muōi gì cê âiu-sāu sèng-hâiu, cī sang bih siang mō̤ biéng có̤ /ʔ/. ::gá-cṳ gĭ　　/kɑ tɕy <font color=blue>k</font>i/ 　>　/ka ʝy <font color=blue>ʔ</font>i/ ::ngā-kī　　/ŋa <font color=blue>kʰ</font>i/　>　/ŋa <font color=blue>ʔ</font>i/ (> /ŋai/) ::sé hông　　/sɛi <font color=blue>h</font>ouŋ/　>　/si <font color=blue>ʔ</font>ouŋ/ Cê gì siang mō̤ sê hò̤-lè̤ng cū, chiā cê gah pé ông-muōi gì cê âiu-sāu sèng-hâiu, siang mō̤ biéng có̤ /ŋ/. ::kēng giāng　　/kʰeiŋ <font color=blue>k</font>iaŋ/　>　/kʰeing <font color=blue>ŋ</font>iaŋ/ ::gang-ké-tiáng　　/kaŋ <font color=blue>kʰ</font>ɛi tʰiɑŋ/　>　/kaŋ <font color=blue>ŋ</font>i liɑŋ/ ::sang hông　　/saŋ <font color=blue>h</font>ouŋ/　>　/saŋ <font color=blue>ŋ</font>ouŋ/ ::huang ák　　/huaŋ <font color=blue>ʔ</font>ɑkˀ/　>　/huaŋ <font color=blue>ŋ</font>ɑkˀ/ Cê gì siang mō̤ sê hò̤-lè̤ng cū, chiā cê gah sék ông-muōi gì cê âiu-sāu sèng-hâiu, siang mō̤ mò̤ biéng huá. ====Chói-puòi Cū==== Hò̤-le̤ng cū gì siang-mō̤ ô /p/, /pʰ/ gâe̤ng /m/ 3 bih. Cê gì siang mō̤ sê chói-puòi cū siang-mō̤ /p/, /pʰ/,chiā cê gah ke̤ng ông-muōi gì cê âiu-sāu sèng-hâiu, cī 2 bih siang mō̤ biéng có̤ de̤k ông-mō̤ /β/. ::cī-bong　　/tɕi <font color=blue>p</font>ouŋ/ 　>　/tɕi <font color=blue>β</font>ouŋ/ ::chói-puòī　　/tsʰoi <font color=blue>pʰ</font>uoi/　>　/tsʰui <font color=blue>β</font>uoi/ Cê gì siang mō̤ sê chói-puòi cū, chiā cê gah pé ông-muōi gì cê âiu-sāu sèng-hâiu, siang mō̤ biéng có̤ /m/. ::bēng bàng　　/peiŋ <font color=blue>p</font>aŋ/　>　/peing <font color=blue>m</font>aŋ/ ::nìng-po̤　　/niŋ <font color=blue>pʰ</font>o/　>　/niŋ <font color=blue>m</font>o/ Cê gì siang mō̤ sê chói-puòi cū, chiā cê gah sék ông-muōi gì cê âiu-sāu sèng-hâiu, siang mō̤ mò̤ biéng huá. ====Ngāi 1 Cū==== Hò̤-le̤ng cū gì siang-mō̤ nâ ô /ts/, /tsʰ/ 2 bih siang-mō̤. Cê gì siang mō̤ sê hò̤-lè̤ng cū siang-mō̤ /ts/, /tsʰ/, chiā cê gah ke̤ng ông-muōi gì cê âiu-sāu sèng-hâiu, ô lâng cṳ̄ng biéng huá. Siang-mō̤ /ts/, /tsʰ/ gâe̤ng /i/, /y/ (he̤k ī /i/, /y/ có̤ buáng mō̤-ing, o̤h /ia/, /yokˀ/) siong ping sèng-hâiu, /ts/, /tsʰ/ biéng có̤ de̤k siang-mō̤ /ʝ/. Gì-ṳ̀ cìng-huóng biéng có̤ de̤k siang-mō̤ /z/ ::gá-cṳ　　/kɑ <font color=blue>tɕ</font>y/ 　>　/ka <font color=blue>ʝ</font>y/ ::ké-chia　　/kʰɛi <font color=blue>tɕʰ</font>ia/　>　/kʰi <font color=blue>ʝ</font>ia/ (> /ki ja/) ::cū-cung　　/tsu <font color=blue>ts</font>uŋ/ 　>　/tsu <font color=blue>z</font>uŋ/ ::chék-chék　　/tsʰɛikˀ <font color=blue>tsʰ</font>ɛikˀ/ 　>　/tsʰi <font color=blue>z</font>ɛikˀ/ ====Ngāi 2 Cū==== ===Ông-mō̤=== ===Siang-diêu=== == Nô̤i Buô Cha Biék == Hók-ciu uâ nô̤i buô cha biék bī gáu duâi, dáng cī cha biék duâi buó hông gah ing ông siông, dong dê nè̤ng hó̤ „kiong“. Áng kiong lì buong gì uâ, Hók-ciu uâ â̤ buong có̤ „Hók-ciu kiong“, „Hók-chiang kiong“, „Ku-chèng kiong“. === Hók-ciu kiong === Mìng ge̤ng làu-mih sū gōng gì Hók-ciu uâ gi buōng sṳk cī cṳ̄ng kiong. Dê-lī huong ùi bau guák Hók-ciu chê, Mìng-âiu gáing dṳng nàng buông, Lièng-gong gâing, Diòng-lo̤h gâing, gâe̤ng Īng-tái gâing de̤ng buông. Hók-ciu ing ôi sê sēng-du sū-câi, lik sṳ̄ ī lài nè̤ng du nêng ôi cī nē̤ gì kiong sê bieu cūng gĭ. Gâe̤ng «Chék Lìng báik-ing» siong pàng, Hók-ciu kiong ing-ông tā̤-hiê huák seng lāu ciong uâng gì biéng huá ::1 „Chiu“ -ông gâe̤ng „Sieu“ -ông hak biáng có̤ sioh bih ông --/ieu/ ::::(Hók-)ciu = (lak-)cieu = /tsieu/ ::2 „Hui“ -ông gâe̤ng „Buoi“ -ông hak biáng có̤ sioh bih ông --/uoi/ ::::puòi(-à̤) = pùi(-tàng) = /pʰuoi/ ::3 Sing-mō̤ gah cê dài dong sèng hâiu huák seng sing-mō̤ luôi-huá he̤k pé-ing-huá ::::di sék /ti sekˀ/ --> /di leʔ/ ::::Bang-báik /paŋ pɑikˀ/ --> /paŋ mɑiʔ/ ::4 Ông-mō̤ gâe̤ng ing-ik lièng lâng bih ké̤ṳ-sing-dêu pping te̤k sì hâiu, biéng có̤ kui ông he̤k se̤ng-ông. === Hók-chiang kiong === Hók-chiang kiong ciō iéu gah Hók-chiang gâe̤ng Bìng-tàng lâng bih dê huong sāi. Hók-chiang kiong gì ông-mō̤ tā̤ hiê gâe̤ng ông-cṳ «Chék Lìng báik-ing» gà̤-dēng gé cái gì ông-mō̤ tā̤ hiê siong cha mâ̤ kó̤ huông. Dáng hiêng sì câi gì Hók-chiang hâiu-sang-ngiāng gōng gì Hók-chiang uâ, iâ ī ging „Chiu“ „Sieu“ hak biáng, „Buoi“ „Hui“ mò̤ buong lāu. ==== Gae̤ng Hók-chiu Kiong gì Cha Biék ==== :SING-DIÊU CHA BIÉK :::Hók-ciu kiong gâe̤ng Hók-chiang kiong có̤i duâi gì cha biék sê sing-diêu diêu-dik, câi-nṳ̄ sê dang cê sing-diêu gó sê kēu-ngṳ̄ dṳng gì biéng-diêu. O̤h „tiang“, gah Hók-ciu kiong te̤k /tiaŋ˥˥/, Hók-chiang kiong te̤k có̤ /tiaŋ˥˧/. :SING-MŌ̤ CHA BIÉK :::Bàng-uâ cê cê-mō̤ „S“ gah Hók-ciu kiong te̤k có̤ /s/, gah Hók-chiang kiong te̤k có̤ /θ/. :ÔNG-MŌ̤ CHA BIÉK :::Chui iòng Hók-chiang kiong gì ông-mō̤ tā̤ hiê gâe̤ng Hók-ciu kiong uòng ciòng māu-dáe̤k, dáng Hók-chiang uâ gì ông-mō̤ gâe̤ng Hók-ciu kiong gó sê ô cha biék, dék mìng hiēng gì cha biék sê Hók-chiang kiong gì se̤ng ông-mō̤ mò̤ chiông Hók-ciu kiong hī māng sâ̤. === Ku-chèng Kiong === Ku-chèng kiong sê Ku-chèng gâe̤ng Bìng-nàng lâng bih gâe̤ng gì nè̤ng gōng Hók-ciu uâ gì kiong. Diâng dioh Ku-chèng kiong gah gáuk ôi-ché̤ṳ Hók-ciu uâ dài dong, ing-ông tā̤ hiêng biéng huá dék nâung gì. Ku-chèng kiong ing-ông tā̤ hiê gâe̤ng «Chék Lìng Báik-ing» gà̤-dēng gé cái gì ing ông tā̤ hiê uòng chiòng dó̤i-māu. Hók-ciu kiong gâe̤ng Hók-chiang kiong gì ông-mō̤ du sùi sing-diêu huák seng biéng huá, dáng Ku-chèng kiong gó muòi huák seng ciong uâng biéng huá. [[Category:Ngṳ̄-ngiòng]] [[Category:Sĕk-ék]] 1890 3673 2006-11-12T14:35:23Z Chbu 19 1891 3707 2006-11-17T10:13:05Z GnuDoyng 13 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/203.173.235.69|203.173.235.69]] ([[User_talk:203.173.235.69|Talk]]); changed back to last version by [[User:GnuDoyng|GnuDoyng]] [[Image:LocationAsia.png|thumb|300px|Ā-ciŭ diŏh sié-gái siông.|right]] '''Ā-ciŭ''' sê sié-gái dék ék duâi gì [[dâi-lṳ̆k]], miêng-cék sê ciòng [[dê-giù]] biēu-miêng-cék gì 8.6%, [[lṳ̆k-dê]] miêng-cék gì 29.4%. Ciòng sié-gái ô 60% gì nè̤ng găk Ā-ciŭ sĕng-uăk. Ā-ciŭ gâe̤ng [[Ĕu-ciŭ]] gì buŏng-gái-siáng sê Ŭ-lă-lō̤ Săng ([[Ĭng-ngṳ̄]]: ''Ural Mountains'') gâe̤ng Lī Hāi (Ĭng-ngṳ̄: ''Caspian Sea''). "Ā-ciŭ" ciòng-chĭng sê "'''Ā-sá̤-ā'''" (亞細亞), sê téng [[Hĭ-lăk-ngṳ̄]] gì "''Ασία''" lì gì. Có̤i cā sāi-ê̤ṳng ciā miàng gì hŏk-ciā sê [[Hĭ-lò̤-dŏ̤-dáik]] (希羅多德), dŏng-sì sê cī [[Siēu Ā-sá̤-ā]]. ==Lĭk-sṳ̄== Gū-cā sié-gái 4 duâi [[ùng-mìng]] ô 3 ciáh sê huák-nguòng diŏh Ā-ciŭ: [[Mī-só̤h-bók-dăk-mī-ā]] (美索不達米亞) ùng-mìng, [[Éng-dô-ò̤]] ùng-mìng gâe̤ng [[Diòng-gŏng]] ùng-mìng. ==Ciō-iéu guók-gă== [[Image:Location-Asia-UNsubregions.png|thumb|300px|Dù-liê: <span style="color: #0000E0;">Bá̤ek Ā</span>; <span style="color: #E000E0;">Dṳ̆ng Ā</span>; <span style="color: #00E000;">Să̤ Ā</span>; <span style="color: #E00000;">Nàng Ā</span>; <span style="color: #FFFF20;">Dĕ̤ng Ā</span>; <span style="color: #FFC000;">Dĕ̤ng-nàng Ā</span>.|right]] * [[Dièu-siēng]] * [[Dṳ̆ng-guók]] * [[Éng-dô]] * [[Hàng-guók]] * [[Mūng-gū]] * [[Nĭk-buōng]] * [[Sĭng-gă-pŏ̤]] {{Sié-gái}} [[Category:Sié-gái|A]] [[af:Asië]] [[ar:آسيا]] [[an:Asia]] [[frp:Asia]] [[ast:Asia]] [[az:Asiya]] [[bn:এশিয়া]] [[zh-min-nan:A-chiu]] [[bar:Asien]] [[bo:ཡ་ཀྲོའུ་གླིང་]] [[bs:Azija]] [[br:Azia]] [[bg:Азия]] [[ca:Àsia]] [[ceb:Asya]] [[cs:Asie]] [[cy:Asia]] [[da:Asien]] [[de:Asien]] [[en:Asia]] [[arc:ܐܣܝܐ]] [[et:Aasia]] [[el:Ασία]] [[es:Asia]] [[eo:Azio]] [[eu:Asia]] [[fa:آسیا]] [[fo:Asia]] [[fr:Asie]] [[fy:Aazje]] [[ga:An Áise]] [[gl:Asia]] [[gu:એશિયા]] [[ko:아시아]] [[hi:एशिया]] [[hr:Azija]] [[io:Azia]] [[id:Asia]] [[ia:Asia]] [[os:Ази]] [[is:Asía]] [[it:Asia]] [[he:אסיה]] [[kn:ಏಷ್ಯಾ]] [[ka:აზია]] [[csb:Azëjô]] [[kw:Asi]] [[sw:Asia]] [[ht:Azi]] [[ku:Asya]] [[lo:ອາຊີ]] [[la:Asia]] [[lv:Āzija]] [[lb:Asien]] [[lt:Azija]] [[li:Azië]] [[jbo:zdotu'a]] [[hu:Ázsia]] [[mk:Азија]] [[mg:Azia]] [[ml:ഏഷ്യ]] [[mt:Asja]] [[ms:Asia]] [[mo:Асия]] [[my:အာရ္ဟတိုက္‌]] [[nl:Azië]] [[ne:एसिया]] [[ja:アジア]] [[no:Asia]] [[nn:Asia]] [[nrm:Âsie]] [[nov:Asia]] [[oc:Asia]] [[ug:ئاسىيا]] [[pam:Asia]] [[nds:Asien]] [[pl:Azja]] [[pt:Ásia]] [[ro:Asia]] [[qu:Asiya]] [[ru:Азия]] [[war:Asya]] [[se:Ásia]] [[sa:एशिया]] [[scn:Asia]] [[si:ආසියාව]] [[simple:Asia]] [[sd:ايشيا]] [[sk:Ázia]] [[sl:Azija]] [[sr:Азија]] [[sh:Azija]] [[su:Asia]] [[fi:Aasia]] [[sv:Asien]] [[tl:Asya]] [[ta:ஆசியா]] [[th:ทวีปเอเชีย]] [[vi:Châu Á]] [[tg:Осиё]] [[tpi:Asia]] [[chr:ᎠᏏᎠ]] [[tr:Asya]] [[tk:Aziýa]] [[uk:Азія]] [[yi:אזיע]] [[zh-yue:亞洲]] [[zh:亚洲]] 1892 3702 2006-11-16T17:40:56Z A-giâu 9 +iw '''Gū Ăi-gĭk''' sê [[Hĭ-ciŭ]] dĕ̤ng-báe̤k-buô gì gū-cā [[ùng-mìng]], huák-nguòng diŏh [[Nà̤-lò̤ Ò̤]] hâ-iù dê-kṳ̆. [[Category:Hĭ-ciŭ]] [[Category:Lĭk-sṳ̄]] [[en:Ancient Egypt]] [[zh-yue:古埃及]] [[zh:古埃及]] 1893 3708 2006-11-17T10:13:10Z GnuDoyng 13 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/203.173.235.69|203.173.235.69]] ([[User_talk:203.173.235.69|Talk]]); changed back to last version by [[User:GnuDoyng|GnuDoyng]] [[Image:LocationAfrica.png|thumb|300px|Hĭ-ciŭ diŏh sié-gái siông.|right]] '''Hĭ-ciŭ''' sê sié-gái dâ̤ 2 duâi gì [[dâi-lṳ̆k]], miêng-cék 30,221,532 km², sê [[dê-giù]] biēu miêng-cék gì 6.0%, ciòng-buô [[lṳ̆k-dê]] miêng-cék gì 20.4%. 2005 nièng tūng-gié, gê̤ṳng-cūng ô 8.9 é nè̤ng sĕng-uăk diŏh Hĭ-ciŭ, dâi-kái sê sié-gái ciòng-buô ìng-kēu gì 14%. Hĭ-ciŭ báe̤k buô sê [[Dê-dṳ̆ng Hāi]], dĕ̤ng-báe̤k buô sê [[Sŭ-ĭ-sê̤ṳ Ông-hò̤]] gâe̤ng [[È̤ng Hāi]], dĕ̤ng-nàng buô sê [[Éng-dô Iòng]], să̤ buô sê [[Dâi-să̤ Iòng]]. Hĭ-ciŭ ké̤ṳk nêng-ùi sê [[ìng-lôi]] huák-nguòng gì dê-huŏng. ==Miàng-chĭng gì lài-lĭk== "Hĭ-ciŭ" găk [[Să̤-huŏng]] [[ngṳ̄-ngiòng]] diē-sié sê "'''Africa'''": "'''Afri'''" sê gū-cā sĕng-uăk diŏh Báe̤k Hĭ [[Gă-tái-gĭ]] dê-kṳ̆ gì [[mìng-cŭk]] gì miàng; "'''-ca'''" sê [[Lá-dĭng-ngṳ̄]] gì sṳ̀-muōi, é-sé̤ṳ sê "guók-gă hĕ̤k-ciā liāng-tū". {{Sié-gái}} [[Category:Sié-gái]] [[af:Afrika]] [[als:Afrika]] [[am:አፍሪቃ]] [[ang:Africa]] [[ar:أفريقيا]] [[an:Africa]] [[frp:Africa]] [[ast:África]] [[az:Afrika]] [[bm:Afiriki]] [[bn:আফ্রিকা]] [[zh-min-nan:Hui-chiu]] [[be:Афрыка]] [[bar:Afrika]] [[bo:ཧྥི་ཀྲོའུ་གླིང་]] [[bs:Afrika]] [[br:Afrika]] [[bg:Африка]] [[ca:Àfrica]] [[cs:Afrika]] [[cy:Affrica]] [[da:Afrika]] [[de:Afrika]] [[en:Africa]] [[arc:ܐܦܪܝܩܐ]] [[et:Aafrika]] [[el:Αφρική]] [[es:África]] [[eo:Afriko]] [[eu:Afrika]] [[fa:افریقا]] [[fo:Afrika]] [[fr:Afrique]] [[fy:Afrika]] [[ff:Afirik]] [[ga:An Afraic]] [[gd:Afraga]] [[gl:África]] [[gu:આફ્રિકા]] [[ko:아프리카]] [[hi:अफ़्रीका]] [[hr:Afrika]] [[io:Afrika]] [[id:Afrika]] [[ia:Africa]] [[is:Afríka]] [[it:Africa]] [[he:אפריקה]] [[jv:Afrika]] [[kn:ಆಫ್ರಿಕಾ]] [[ka:აფრიკა]] [[kw:Afrika]] [[rw:Afurika]] [[sw:Afrika]] [[kg:Afelika]] [[ht:Afrik]] [[ku:Efrîqa]] [[lo:ອາຟຣິກກາ]] [[la:Africa]] [[lv:Āfrika]] [[lb:Afrika]] [[lt:Afrika]] [[li:Afrika]] [[hu:Afrika]] [[mk:Африка]] [[mg:Afrika]] [[mt:Afrika]] [[ms:Afrika]] [[my:အာဖရိက]] [[nl:Afrika]] [[nds-nl:Afrika]] [[ne:अफ्रीका]] [[ja:アフリカ]] [[no:Afrika]] [[nn:Afrika]] [[nrm:Afrique]] [[nov:Afrika]] [[ug:ئافرىقا]] [[nds:Afrika]] [[pl:Afryka]] [[pt:África]] [[qu:Afrika]] [[ksh:Affrika]] [[ro:Africa]] [[ru:Африка]] [[se:Afrihkká]] [[sm:Aferika]] [[sa:अफ्रीका]] [[sq:Afrika]] [[scn:Àfrica]] [[simple:Africa]] [[sk:Afrika]] [[sl:Afrika]] [[so:Afrika]] [[sr:Африка]] [[sh:Afrika]] [[fi:Afrikka]] [[sv:Afrika]] [[tl:Aprika]] [[ta:ஆப்பிரிக்கா]] [[th:ทวีปแอฟริกา]] [[vi:Châu Phi]] [[tg:Африқо]] [[tr:Afrika]] [[tk:Afrika]] [[uk:Африка]] [[wa:Afrike]] [[wo:Afrik]] [[yi:אפריקע]] [[zh-yue:非洲]] [[zh:非洲]] 1894 3735 2006-11-17T15:03:49Z GnuDoyng 13 * '''[[Ó̤-ī-hâng Pá-mŭk|Diĕ-nè̤ng]]''' dáik diŏh 2006 nièng Niŏk-buói-ī Ùng-hŏk-ciōng? * [[Ìng-lôi]] găk '''[[Hĭ-ciŭ|diē-nē̤]]''' huák-nguòng? * [[Dṳ̆ng-guók]] gê̤ṳng-dô̤i géng-iĕng ĭng-hṳ̀ng sê '''[[Lìng Cáik-sṳ̀|dê̤ṳng]]'''? * '''[[Kuóh-dà̤-giāng]]''' dó̤-dā̤ sê-ng-sê [[Háng-ìng]]? * '''[[Ngù-mō̤-ngù-giāng]]''' sê [[tè̤ng]] gó sê [[ngù]]? * [[Hók-ciŭ]] ká̤-lié iâ miàng '''[[Săng-săng]]''' (三山)? 1895 3741 2006-11-18T10:20:19Z GnuDoyng 13 [[Wikipedia:Guestbook for Non-Min-Dong Speakers]] iè gáu [[Wikipedia:Tiăng-dŏng]] #REDIRECT [[Wikipedia:Tiăng-dŏng]] 1896 3745 2006-11-18T10:51:46Z GnuDoyng 13 Dṳ̀ng-sĭng dêng-hióng gáu [[Hók-ciŭ-uâ]] #REDIRECT [[Hók-ciŭ-uâ]] 1897 3750 2006-11-18T11:45:37Z GnuDoyng 13 Dṳ̀ng-sĭng dêng-hióng gáu [[Chék Lìng Báik Ĭng]] #REDIRECT [[Chék Lìng Báik Ĭng]] 1898 3981 2006-12-16T03:16:09Z GnuDoyng 13 /* Dṳ̆ng-nguòng iè-mìng duâi-liông buăng diē Hók-gióng */ [[Hók-gióng]] gì lĭk-sṳ̄ gé diŏh â-dā̤. ==Mìng-uŏk== ===Mìng gâe̤ng Uŏk gì ṳ̀ng-hăk=== Hók-gióng có̤i cā gì miàng-chĭng sê '''[[Mìng (Hók-gióng)|Mìng]]''' (閩), buōng-iòng gṳ̆-mìng sê [[Mìng-nè̤ng]], sṳ̆k Màng (蠻) gì siŏh ciĕ. Gū-cā gì Mìng, bău-guăk gĭng-dáng ciòng-buô Hók-gióng, [[Guōng-dĕ̤ng]] dĕ̤ng-buô [[Dièu-ciŭ]] (潮州) [[Mùi-ciŭ]] (梅州), ī-gĭk [[Ciék-gŏng]] nàng-buô [[Ŭng-ciŭ]] (溫州) [[Dài-ciŭ]] (台州) dê-buàng. Mìng-nè̤ng buái [[siè]] có̤ cū-siĕng, gâe̤ng [[Huà-hâ-cŭk]] buái [[lṳ̀ng]] gì [[ùng-huá]] mâ̤ siŏh-iông. Sèng 334 nièng, [[Uŏk-guók]] gâe̤ng [[Chū-guók (Ciŭ-dièu)|Chū-guók]] páh ciéng sék-bâi, Uŏk-uòng [[Sŏng Ù-giŏng]] (孫無疆, [[Gĕu-ciēng]] (勾踐) gì hâiu-iô) ké̤ṳk tài sī, Uŏk-guók miĕk-uòng. Uŏk-guók gṳ̆-mìng [[Uŏk-nè̤ng]] iù-sê téng hāi-diô cāu diē Mìng-nè̤ng gì dê-buàng. Uŏk-nè̤ng gì tā̤-hìng dĕk-diēng gâe̤ng sĕng-uăk sĭk-guáng ké̤ṳk Huà-hâ-cŭk ô cĭng duâi gì chă-biék: Uŏk-nè̤ng háng-mā ā̤-ā̤-nuóh, [[méng]] biēng-biēng-nuóh, [[pé]] kuák, [[tàu-huók]] [[ché̤ṳ-siŭ]] hĭ, [[mĕk-ciŭ]] ièng, duâi, ô duáng-huák-ùng-sĭng (斷髮紋身) gì sĭk-sṳ̆k, ék-buăng dêu diŏh kă̤-gièng, ngâu cūi-ciéng, cô̤ [[giéng]] cĭng să. [[Hók-ciŭ Chê]] báe̤k-buô gì [[Iā-săng]] (冶山) gâe̤ng [[Giéng-diè]] (劍池), cêu sê [[Ĕu-iā-cṳ̄]] (歐冶子) cô̤ giéng gì sū-câi. Uŏk-nè̤ng diē Mìng ī-hâiu, gâe̤ng Mìng-nè̤ng tŭng-huŏng săng giāng, ṳ̀ng-hăk [[Dṳ̆ng-nguòng]] ùng-huá, [[Ngù-guók|Ngù]]-Uŏk ùng-huá gâ̤eng Mìng ùng-huá. Iù-sê, [[Mìng-uŏk-cŭk]] hìng-siàng, ĭ gì [[guók-gă]] hô̤ lō̤ [[Mìng-uŏk-guók]]. ===Mìng-uŏk-guók gâe̤ng Dṳ̆ng-nguòng uòng-dièu gì guăng-hiê=== [[Cìng-dièu]] sì-hâiu, [[Cìng-sṳ̄-huòng]] (秦始皇) găk Mìng-uŏk-guók siék-lĭk Mìng-dṳ̆ng Gông (閩中郡), dáng-sê Mìng-uŏk-guók sĭk-cié gó sê siŏh bĭh dŭk-lĭk gì guók-gă, mò̤ sêu Cìng gì lī-dê. Ôi lāu bō̤-céng dó̤i Mìng-uŏk gì tūng-dê, Cìng-dièu siŏh-huŏng-miêng ăng cêng sâ̤ Mìng-uŏk-nè̤ng buăng gáu [[Ciék-gŏng]] báe̤k buô, [[Gŏng-să̤]], [[Ăng-hŭi]] dēng dê-huŏng, siŏh-huŏng-miêng bô ciŏng Dṳ̆ng-nguòng gì cô̤i-huâng liù-hóng gáu Mìng-uŏk-guók. Ciā céng-cháik diŏh káh-guăng siông ôi [[mìng-cŭk]] ṳ̀ng-hăk có̤ lāu góng-hióng. Cìng-dièu muăk-nièng, [[nùng-mìng]] có̤-huāng, Mìng-uŏk-guók guók-uòng [[Ù-cṳ̆]] (無諸) téng-gĭ puái bĭng chăng-gă huāng Cìng gì kī-ngiê, bêng-chiā bŏng-cô [[Làu Băng]] (劉邦) ciéng-iàng [[Hâung Ṳ̄]] (項羽). Sèng 202 nièng, Lău Bŏng tūng-ék Dṳ̆ng-uòng. Ĭng Ù-cṳ̆ ô gŭng-lò̤, cêu hŭng ĭ có̤ Mìng-uŏk-uòng. ===Mìng-uŏk-guók miĕk-uòng=== Mìng-uŏk-guók dṳ̀ng-sĭng lĭk guók cĭ hâu, gŭng-sê̤ṳ sié-lĭk biéng giòng, sèu-sèu gâe̤ng bòng-bĕng gì [[Ĕu-uŏk-guók]] (甌越國), [[Nàng-uŏk-guók]] (南越國) kŭi ciéng siŏng-căng liāng-tū. Háng-dièu nêng-ùi, Mìng-uŏk-guók biéng giòng dó̤i Háng-dièu gì tūng-dê ô hâi. Sèng 110 nièng, [[Háng-ū-dá̤]] (漢武帝) puái bĭng buŏng 4 lô ĭk-chĭng Mìng-uŏk-guók. Ù-cṳ̆ hâiu-iô Dĕ̤ng-uŏk-uòng (東越王) [[Ṳ̀-siêng]] (余善) dī-káung Háng-gŭng, dáng-sê mò̤ sìng-gŭng. Cĭ-hâu, Mìng-uŏk-guók nô̤i-buô huák-sĕng bĭng-biéng, Ṳ̀-siêng ké̤ṳk tài sī. Iù-sê, Mìng-guŏk-guók ké̤ṳk Háng-dièu miĕk-uòng. Gô-dā̤ sṳ̆k Mìng-uŏk-guók gì sū-iū liāng-tū téng hiā sèng-hâiu kī dŭ sê [[Dṳ̆ng-guók]] gì siŏh buô-hông. Háng-ū-dá̤ giăng Mìng-uŏk-nè̤ng mâ̤ hŭk [[Háng-nè̤ng]] gì lī-dê, gó-chṳ̄ chāi-chṳ̄ hèng-céng chiū-dâung ṳ̀ng-hăk Mìng-uŏk-cŭk gâe̤ng Háng-cŭk. Ĭ ăng Mìng-uŏk gói-cŭk guăng-lièu sié-lĭk lièng cêng sâ̤ báh-sáng dŭ buăng gáu [[Diòng-gŏng|Gŏng]]-[[Huài-ò̤|Huài]] (江淮) dê-kṳ̆ kó̤ dêu. ===Hók-gióng kăi-sṳ̄ Háng-huá=== Sèng 111 nièng, Háng-dièu siék-lĭk [[Giék-iòng Gâing]] (揭陽縣), guāng-hăk dê-kṳ̆ bău-guăk [[Mìng-nàng]], [[Guōng-dĕ̤ng]] [[Dièu-ciŭ|Dièu]]-[[Sáng-tàu|Sáng]] (潮汕) ī-gĭk [[Gŏng-să̤]] nàng-buô. Sèng 85 nièng, găk gĭng-dáng [[Hók-ciŭ]] dê-huŏng siék-lĭk [[Iā-gâing]] (冶縣). Iā-gâing gióng-lĭk gì sèng-hâiu, Hók-gióng ìng-kēu mò̤ gáu 1 uâng, ciō-iéu cĭk-dṳ̆ng diŏh [[Mìng-dĕ̤ng]] [[Mìng-báe̤k]] săng-kṳ̆, duâi-buô-hông sê Mìng-uŏk-cŭk, iâ ô 1 piĕ [[Ngù-guók|Ngù]]-nè̤ng. Ĭng-ôi Mìng-uŏk-nè̤ng buăng gáu báe̤k-huŏng, ô siŏh buô-hông Dŏng-sì, Hók-gióng gó ô siŏh piĕ Háng-nè̤ng, ciō-iéu sê Cìng-dièu miĕk-uòng sèng-hâiu cāu diē Mìng-uŏk-guók gì. Ĭ-gáuk-nè̤ng ī-gĭng diŏh Hók-gióng sĕng-uăk 300 nièng, gōng gì [[ngṳ̄-ngiòng]] ciō-iéu sê [[Gū Háng-ngṳ̄|Siông-gū Háng-ngṳ̄]] (上古漢語), iâ ô sêu gáu [[Mìng-uŏk-ngṳ̄]] (閩越語) nék-giāng īng-hiōng. Dáng-sê, hiā sèng-hâiu Háng-ìng gì ngṳ̄-ngiòng sié-lĭk ĭng-nguòng mâ̤ duâi, mò̤ nièng-ngài chṳ̄-dâi Mìng-uŏk-ngṳ̄. Téng [[Háng-dièu|Să̤-háng]] [[Iā-gâing]] gióng-lĭk gáu Dĕ̤ng-háng muăk-gĭ, chiĕu-guó 3 sié-gī sì-găng, Hók-gióng dŭ bī-gáu ăng-dêng, mò̤ páh-ciéng. Diē Hók-gióng gì Háng-nè̤ng gâe̤ng Mìng-uŏk-nè̤ng găk siŏh-dŏi dêu, tŭng-huŏng săng giāng, dŭk-lĭk huák-diēng, gáu Dĕ̤ng-háng muăk-gĭ ìng-kēu dăk gáu dâi-mō̤ 10 uâng hô. ==Dṳ̆ng-nguòng iè-mìng duâi-liông buăng diē Hók-gióng== Dĕ̤ng-háng muăk-nièng, [[Ngù-guók (Săng-guók)|Dĕ̤ng-ngù]] iéng Hók-gióng, siék-lĭk Gióng-ăng Gông (建安郡, găk gĭng-dáng [[Gióng-ĕu]] (建甌)). Hiā sèng-hâiu, [[Gŏng-nàng]] gì Háng-cŭk téng lṳ̆k-diô gâe̤ng hāi-diô lì gáu Hók-gióng, ĭ-gáu-nè̤ng dái lì gì ngṳ̄-ngiòng cêu sê [[Mìng-báe̤k-ngṳ̄]] gâe̤ng [[Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄]] gì gĭ-chṳ̄. Ĭng-ôi [[gĭng-cá̤]] huák-diēng, ìng-kēu gă-tiĕng, [[Céng-dièu|Să̤-céng]] diŏh 282 nièng téng Gióng-ăng Gông tiáh chók buông-hông dê-buòng lêng-nguôi siék-lĭk Céng-ăng Gông (晉安郡). Hók-gióng dŏng-sì dŭ-liāng ô 2 gông 16 gâing: :Gióng-ăng Gông (建安郡) ::*Gióng-ăng (建安) ::*Ngù-hĭng (吳興) ::*Dĕ̤ng-bìng (東平) ::*[[Gióng-iòng]] (建陽) ::*[[Siêu-ū]] (紹武) ::*Ciŏng-lŏk (將樂) ::*[[Iòng-bìng]] (延平) ::*Chŭi-siàng (綏城) :Céng-ăng Gông (晉安郡) ::*[[Hâiu-guăng]] (侯官) ::*Nguòng-hŭng (原豐) ::*Ŭng-mà (溫麻) ::*[[Céng-ăng]] (晉安) ::*Dè̤ng-ăng (同安) ::*Sĭng-lò̤ (新羅) ::*Uāng-bìng (宛平) ::*Lò̤-gŏng (羅江) Să̤-céng muăk-gĭ, [[Dṳ̆ng-nguòng]] dê-kṳ̆ ciéng-luâng, gáing sâ̤ báe̤k-huŏng Háng-cŭk cāu diē Hók-gióng. "Ĭ-guăng nàng dô, báik sáng ĭk Mìng" (衣冠南渡, 八姓入閩) gōng gì cêu sê hī kuŏk lĭk-sṳ̄. Chăng-kō̤: [[Báik Sáng Ĭk Mìng]]. Háng-cŭk gâe̤ng Mìng-uŏk-cŭk sĕng-uăk găk siŏh-dŏi, ngṳ̄-ngiòng sṳ̀-dék-dék ô sêu gáu Mìng-uŏk-ngṳ̄ gì īng-hiōng. Dáng-sê ĭng-ôi Háng-cŭk sê tūng-dê-ciā, diŏh [[céng-dê]] gâe̤ng [[ùng-huá]] dŭ gèng Mìng-uŏk-cŭk, gó-chṳ̄ [[Háng-ngṳ̄]] gâe̤ng [[Mìng-uŏk-ngṳ̄]] gì ṳ̀ng-hăk ciō-iéu sê Háng-ngṳ̄ ciék-sêu Mìng-uŏk-ngṳ̄ gì sìng-hông. Sū-ī, gĭng-dáng gì [[Mìng-ngṳ̄]] sṳ̆k Háng-ngṳ̄ gì 1 ciĕ. [[Liòng-dièu]] (梁朝) 547 nièng, huák-sĕng Hèu-gīng cĭ Luâng (侯景之亂), Gŏng-nàng dê-kṳ̆ ô cêng sâ̤ nàng-mìng cāu gáu Hók-gióng, iâ ôi Mìng-ngṳ̄ dái lì dŏng-sì gì [[Ngù-ngṳ̄]] gì mâ ciēu sṳ̀. [[Dìng-dièu]] (陳朝) 557 nièng, céng-hū găk Céng-ăng Gông (晉安郡, găk gĭng-dáng [[Hók-ciŭ]]) siék Mìng-ciŭ (閩州), guāng-hăk [[Céng-ăng]] (晉安), [[Gióng-ăng]] (建安), [[Nàng-ăng]] (南安) 3 bĭk gông. Cĭ hâiu bô gāi Mìng-ciŭ có̤ Hŭng-ciŭ (豐州), hū-siàng siék diŏh Céng-ăng Gông. 589 nièng, Sùi-dièu (隋朝) gāi ciŭ, gông, gâing 3 gék có̤ ciŭ gâe̤ng gâing 2 gék, gáung Gióng-ăng, Nàng-ăng có̤ gâing, gāi Hŭng-ciŭ có̤ Ciòng-ciŭ (cuòi sê lĭk-sṳ̄ siông tàu huòi ô 泉州 ciā dê-miàng, dáng-sê sê diŏh [[Hók-ciŭ]], ng-sê gĭng-dáng gì [[Ciòng-ciŭ]]). 606 nièng, bô gāi Ciòng-ciŭ có̤ Mìng-ciŭ. 607 nièng, gāi Mìng-ciŭ có̤ Gióng-ăng Gông (建安郡), Hók-gióng gì 9 bĭk gâing gēng ùi Mìng-gâing (閩縣), Gióng-ăng (建安), Nàng-ăng (南安), Lṳ̀ng-kă̤ (龍溪) 4 gâing. ==Háng-huá cĭ hâu gì Hók-gióng== ==Hók-gióng gê̤ṳng-dô̤i-sṳ̄== [[Category:Lĭk-sṳ̄]] [[Category:Mìng-cṳ̆]] [[zh:福建历史]] 1900 3814 2006-11-20T15:30:00Z GnuDoyng 13 «'''Mìng-dŭ Biék Gé'''» (閩都別記) sê [[Chĭng-dièu]] sèng-hâiu [[Lī-ìng-hò̤-giù]] (裏人何求) sāi [[Hók-ciŭ-uâ]] siā gì 1 buô [[siēu-siók]]. "Lī-ìng-hò̤-giù" sê cáuk-ciā gì bék-miàng, ĭ gì cĭng-miàng ī-gĭng mò̤ nièng-ngài tō̤ lāu. «Mìng-dŭ Biék Gé» sê ciŏng-huòi-tā̤ gì tŭng-sṳ̆k siēu-siók, táu cṳ̆ ô 380 huòi, 120 uâng cê, diē-lié siā ô cĭng sâ̤ [[Hók-ciŭ]] dŏng-dê gì diòng-siók, hŭng-sṳ̆k, sṳ̆k-ngṳ̄ dēng-dēng, gó-chṳ̄ dó̤i ngiēng-géu Hók-ciŭ [[ngṳ̄-ngiòng]] gâe̤ng [[ùng-huá]] ô cêng duâi gì bŏng-cô. [[Category:Ùng-hŏk]] [[Category:Sĕk-ék]] [[zh:閩都別記]] 1901 3788 2006-11-18T15:20:02Z GnuDoyng 13 Dṳ̀ng-sĭng dêng-hióng gáu [[Hók-ciŭ-uâ]] #REDIRECT [[Hók-ciŭ-uâ]] 1902 3800 2006-11-20T11:06:01Z GnuDoyng 13 [[Mìng dṳ̆ng sék ék]] iè gáu [[Mìng dṳ̆ng sĕk ék]] '''Mìng dṳ̆ng sék ék''' (閩中十邑) sê lĭk-sṳ̄ siông [[Hók-ciŭ]] guāng-hăk gì 10 ciáh dê-kṳ̆: Hók-ciŭ chê-kṳ̆, [[Bìng-nàng]] (屏南), [[Kŭ-chèng]] (坵塍, hĕ̤k 古田), [[Lò̤-nguòng]] (羅源), [[Lièng-gŏng]] (連江), [[Mìng-chiăng]] (閩清), [[Mìng-âiu]] (閩侯), [[Diòng-lŏ̤h]] (羅源), [[Īng-tái]] (永泰), [[Hók-chiăng]] (福清, bău-guăk [[Bìng-tàng]] 平潭). Cī 10 ciáh dê-kṳ̆ gì [[Bìng-nàng]] gâe̤ng [[Kŭ-chèng]] gĭng-dáng sṳ̆k [[Nìng-dáik]] guāng-hăk. [[Category:Sĕk-ék]] 1904 3802 2006-11-20T11:07:13Z GnuDoyng 13 Dṳ̀ng-sĭng dêng-hióng gáu [[Mìng dṳ̆ng sĕk ék]] #REDIRECT [[Mìng dṳ̆ng sĕk ék]] 1905 3803 2006-11-20T11:07:49Z GnuDoyng 13 Dṳ̀ng-sĭng dêng-hióng gáu [[Mìng dṳ̆ng sĕk ék]] #REDIRECT [[Mìng dṳ̆ng sĕk ék]] 1906 3813 2006-11-20T11:50:39Z GnuDoyng 13 Dṳ̀ng-sĭng dêng-hióng gáu [[Mìng dṳ̆ng sĕk ék]] #REDIRECT [[Mìng dṳ̆ng sĕk ék]] 1907 3818 2006-11-21T08:03:50Z Node ue 39 Ming-deng-gu gì logo Ming-deng-gu gì logo 1909 3821 2006-11-21T13:25:14Z GnuDoyng 13 New page: Dó̤i-bók-cê̤ṳ, tō̤ mâ̤ diŏh dū-dū siŏh-iông gì. Dó̤i-bók-cê̤ṳ, tō̤ mâ̤ diŏh dū-dū siŏh-iông gì. 1910 3823 2006-11-21T14:03:11Z GnuDoyng 13 New page: Sĭng hiăh: $1 Sĭng hiăh: $1 1913 3902 2006-11-29T13:10:32Z GnuDoyng 13 [[Image:Menschliches Auge.jpg|thumb|250px|[[Nè̤ng]] gì mĕk-ciŭ.|right]] '''Mĕ̤k-ciŭ''' (iâ siā có̤ "'''mĕk-ciŭ'''", 目睭), [[cṳ̆-ngṳ̄]] gōng '''ngāng''' (眼), sê [[dông-ŭk]] gāng-gáuk [[guŏng]] gì [[ké-guăng]]. Gāng-dăng gì mĕ̤k-ciŭ â̤ gāng-gáuk ciŭ-ùi kuàng-gīng gì guŏng-mìng gâe̤ng ŭ-áng, hŭk-căk gì mĕ̤k-ciŭ â̤ hìng-siàng sê-gáuk. [[Sĕng-ŭk]] sāi mĕ̤k-ciŭ gāng-gáuk sié-gái gì dâe̤ng-cáuk cêu hô̤ lō̤ "'''káng'''" (看). Dṳ̀ lāu káng nó̤h, [[nè̤ng]] iâ sāi mĕ̤k-ciŭ lì gău-liù cìng-gāng: ĭ gì huăng-hī, sêu-ké gó sê kū-cháik, dŭ biēu-hiêng diŏh ĭ gì mĕ̤k-ciŭ diē-lié. '''Gê̤ṳng-sé''' (近視) hĕ̤k sê '''uōng-sé''' (遠視) gì nè̤ng sṳ̆-iéu [[ngāng-giáng]] mĕk-ciŭ káng nó̤h ciáh káng â̤ cĭng; '''Chăng-màng''' (青盲) gì nè̤ng mĕk-ciŭ mò̤ bâing-huák káng giéng nó̤h. {{Commons|Eyes|Mĕ̤k-ciŭ}} [[Category:Sĕng-lī]] [[ar:عين]] [[zh-min-nan:Ba̍k-chiu]] [[bg:Око]] [[ca:Ull (òrgan)]] [[cs:Oko]] [[cy:Llygad]] [[da:Øje]] [[de:Auge]] [[en:Eye]] [[et:Silm]] [[el:Μάτι]] [[es:Ojo]] [[eo:Okulo]] [[fr:Œil]] [[fy:Each]] [[ko:동물의 눈]] [[io:Okulo]] [[id:Mata]] [[os:Цæст]] [[is:Auga]] [[it:Occhio]] [[he:עין]] [[la:Oculus]] [[lb:A (Sënnesorgan)]] [[lt:Akis]] [[ln:Lǐso]] [[ms:Mata]] [[nah:Īxtelolohtli]] [[nl:Menselijk oog]] [[ja:目]] [[no:Øye]] [[nn:Auga]] [[nrm:Yi]] [[ug:كۆز]] [[pl:Oko]] [[pt:Olho]] [[ro:Ochi]] [[qu:Ñawi]] [[ru:Глаз]] [[sq:Syri]] [[sk:Oko]] [[sl:Oko]] [[sr:Око]] [[su:Panon]] [[fi:Silmä]] [[sv:Öga]] [[ta:கண்]] [[th:ตา]] [[vi:Mắt]] [[tr:Göz]] [[ur:آنکھ]] [[yi:אויג]] [[zh-yue:眼]] [[zh:眼]] 1914 3839 2006-11-23T11:24:06Z GnuDoyng 13 Dṳ̀ng-sĭng dêng-hióng gáu [[Mĕ̤k-ciŭ]] #REDIRECT [[Mĕ̤k-ciŭ]] 1915 3841 2006-11-23T11:34:02Z GnuDoyng 13 [[Image:Human body features2.png|200px|right]] Ciō dèu-mĕ̤k: [[Sĕng-lī]]. [[Category:Kuŏ-hŏk]] [[bg:Категория:Физиология]] [[ca:Categoria:Fisiologia]] [[cs:Kategorie:Fyziologie]] [[da:Kategori:Fysiologi]] [[de:Kategorie:Physiologie]] [[en:Category:Physiology]] [[et:Kategooria:Füsioloogia]] [[es:Categoría:Fisiología]] [[eu:Kategoria:Fisiologia]] [[fr:Catégorie:Physiologie]] [[gl:Category:Fisioloxía]] [[ko:분류:생리학]] [[io:Category:Fiziologio]] [[id:Kategori:Fisiologi]] [[is:Flokkur:Lífeðlisfræði]] [[it:Categoria:Fisiologia]] [[he:קטגוריה:פיזיולוגיה]] [[lt:Kategorija:Fiziologija]] [[mk:Категорија:Физиологија]] [[nl:Categorie:Fysiologie]] [[ja:Category:生理学]] [[no:Kategori:Fysiologi]] [[pl:Kategoria:Fizjologia]] [[pt:Categoria:Fisiologia]] [[ro:Categorie:Fiziologie]] [[ru:Категория:Физиология]] [[sk:Kategória:Fyziológia]] [[sl:Kategorija:Fiziologija]] [[sr:Категорија:Физиологија]] [[fi:Luokka:Fysiologia]] [[sv:Kategori:Fysiologi]] [[vi:Thể loại:Sinh lý học]] [[tr:Kategori:Fizyoloji]] [[uk:Категорія:Фізіологія]] [[zh:Category:生理學]] 1916 3842 2006-11-23T11:43:15Z GnuDoyng 13 [[Image:Stylised Lithium Atom.png|200px|right]] Ciō dèu-mĕ̤k: [[Kuŏ-hŏk]]. [[af:Kategorie:Wetenskap]] [[als:Kategorie:Wissenschaft]] [[ar:تصنيف:علوم]] [[an:Categoría:Zenzias]] [[frp:Category:Science]] [[ast:Categoría:Ciencies]] [[zh-min-nan:Category:Kho-ha̍k]] [[be:Катэгорыя:Навука]] [[bs:Kategorija:Prirodne nauke]] [[bg:Категория:Знание]] [[ca:Categoria:Ciència]] [[cs:Kategorie:Věda]] [[cy:Categori:Gwyddoniaeth]] [[da:Kategori:Videnskab]] [[de:Kategorie:Wissenschaft]] [[en:Category:Science]] [[et:Kategooria:Teadused]] [[el:Κατηγορία:Επιστήμη]] [[es:Categoría:Ciencias]] [[eo:Kategorio:Scienco]] [[eu:Kategoria:Zientziak]] [[fa:رده:علوم]] [[fr:Catégorie:Sciences]] [[fur:Categorie:Siencis]] [[fy:Kategory:Wittenskip]] [[ga:Catagóir:Eolaíocht]] [[gl:Category:Ciencia]] [[gu:Category:વિજ્ઞાન]] [[he:קטגוריה:מדע וטכנולוגיה]] [[ko:분류:과학]] [[hr:Kategorija:Znanost]] [[io:Category:Cienci]] [[id:Kategori:Ilmu]] [[kn:ವರ್ಗ:ವಿಜ್ಞಾನ]] [[ka:კატეგორია:მეცნიერება]] [[csb:Kategòrëjô:Ùczba]] [[kw:Category:Scyens]] [[sw:Category:Sayansi]] [[ku:Kategorî:Zanist]] [[la:Categoria:Scientia]] [[lv:Kategorija:Zinātne]] [[lt:Kategorija:Mokslas]] [[lb:Category:Wëssenschaft]] [[hu:Kategória:Tudomány]] [[mk:Категорија:Наука]] [[ms:Kategori:Sains]] [[mt:Category:Xjenza]] [[mo:Category:Штийнце]] [[nah:Categoría:Tlatilizmatiliztli]] [[nl:Categorie:Wetenschap]] [[ja:Category:科学]] [[no:Kategori:Vitenskap]] [[nn:Kategori:Vitskapar]] [[pa:ਸ਼੍ਰੇਣੀ:ਵਿੱਗਿਆਨ]] [[nds:Kategorie:Wetenschop]] [[pl:Kategoria:Nauka]] [[pt:Categoria:Ciências]] [[rmy:Shopni:Janglipen]] [[ro:Categorie:Ştiinţă]] [[ru:Категория:Наука]] [[sq:Category:Shkencë]] [[scn:Category:Scienzi]] [[simple:Category:Science]] [[sk:Kategória:Veda]] [[sl:Kategorija:Naravoslovje]] [[sr:Категорија:Наука]] [[su:Kategori:Sains]] [[fi:Luokka:Tiede]] [[sv:Kategori:Vetenskap]] [[tl:Category:Agham]] [[to:Category:Saienisi]] [[vi:Thể loại:Khoa học]] [[tr:Kategori:Bilgi]] [[uk:Категорія:Наука]] [[ur:Category:سائنس]] [[fiu-vro:Category:Tiidüseq]] [[vls:Category:Wetenschap]] [[yi:קאַטעגאָריע:וויסנשאפט]] [[zh:Category:科学]] [[zh-classical:Category:格物致知]] 1917 3843 2006-11-24T04:37:54Z Node ue 39 Sĭng hiăh: 1918 3904 2006-11-29T13:13:12Z GnuDoyng 13 [[Image:Ear.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Nè̤ng]] gì ngê.|right]] '''Ngê''' (耳) sê [[dông-ŭk]] gāng-gáuk [[siăng-ĭng]] gì [[ké-guăng]]. Dông-ŭk sāi ngê lì gāng-gáuk siăng-ĭng gì dâe̤ng-cáuk hô̤ lō̤ "'''tiăng'''" (聽). Dṳ̀ lāu tiăng siăng-ĭng, mâ̤-ciēu dông-ŭk gì ngê iâ â̤-tĕ̤ng sāi lì gāng-gáuk bìng-hèng gâe̤ng sĭng-tā̤ gì ôi-dé. {{Commons|Ear|Ngê}} [[Category:Sĕng-lī|Ŋ]] [[af:Oor]] [[ar:أذن]] [[bn:কর্ণ (অঙ্গ)]] [[ca:Oïda]] [[cs:Ucho]] [[cy:Clust]] [[da:Øre]] [[de:Ohr]] [[es:Oído]] [[eo:Orelo]] [[fr:Oreille]] [[gl:Orella]] [[ko:귀]] [[io:Orelo]] [[id:Telinga]] [[is:Eyra]] [[it:Orecchio]] [[he:אוזן]] [[la:Auris]] [[lt:Ausis]] [[hu:Fül]] [[nah:Nacaztli]] [[nl:Oor]] [[ja:耳]] [[no:Øre (legemsdel)]] [[nrm:Ouothelle]] [[pl:Ucho]] [[pt:Ouvido]] [[ro:Ureche]] [[ru:Ухо]] [[scn:Aricchiu]] [[simple:Ear]] [[ss:Ín-dlebé]] [[sl:Uho]] [[sr:Уво]] [[su:Ceuli]] [[fi:Korva]] [[sv:Öra]] [[th:หู]] [[tr:Kulak]] [[yi:אויער]] [[zh:耳]] 1919 3886 2006-11-26T06:22:20Z GnuDoyng 13 [[Image:Bah ma.jpg|thumb|200px|Băh mà|right]] '''Mà''' (貓) sê siŏh cṳ̄ng siēu-hìng gì [[dông-ŭk]]. [[Nè̤ng]] iōng mà gì lĭk-sṳ̄ ô 3,500 gáu 9,500 nièng. Mà â̤ niăh [[lō̤-chṳ̄]], iâ â̤ dó̤i-chiū ciō-nè̤ng có̤ gāng-dăng gì dâi-gié. ==Mà gì ùng-huá== [[Gū Ăi-gĭk]] nè̤ng có̤i cā kiū iōng mà. Găk Ăi-gĭk sìng-uâ diē-lié, mà-sìng Bă-sṳ̆-tĕk (''Bast'') sê [[tái-iòng]]-sìng Lă (''Ra'') gì cṳ̆-niòng-giāng, sê bō̤-hô gă-dìng gì nṳ̄-sìng. Diŏh [[Ĕu-ciŭ]] [[diòng-siók]] diē-lié, mà ô 9 dèu iā dâing gì miâng. Bī-lâung-gōng, mà iù iā gèng gì ôi-ché̤ṳ buăk giâ dŭ mâ̤ sī. {{Commons|Felis silvestris catus|Mà}} {{Wikispecies|Felis silvestris catus|Mà}} [[Category:Dông-ŭk]] [[als:Hauskatze]] [[ar:قطة]] [[an:Gato]] [[ast:Gatu]] [[bm:Jakuma]] [[zh-min-nan:Niau]] [[bo:ཞི་མི་]] [[br:Kazh]] [[bg:Котка]] [[ca:Gat]] [[cs:Kočka domácí]] [[co:Ghjattu]] [[cy:Cath]] [[da:Kat]] [[de:Hauskatze]] [[et:Kass]] [[en:Cat]] [[el:Γάτα]] [[es:Felis silvestris catus]] [[eo:Kato]] [[fr:Chat]] [[gl:Gato]] [[ko:고양이]] [[io:Kato]] [[id:Kucing]] [[ia:Catto domestic]] [[is:Köttur]] [[it:Felis silvestris catus]] [[he:חתול]] [[jv:Kucing]] [[la:Felis catus]] [[lv:Kaķis]] [[lb:Hauskaz]] [[lt:Katė]] [[hu:Macska]] [[mg:Saka]] [[mt:qattus]] [[mi:Ngeru]] [[ms:Kucing]] [[nl:Kat]] [[ja:ネコ]] [[no:Tamkatt]] [[nrm:Cat]] [[ug:مۈشۈك]] [[km:ឆ្មា]] [[nds:Katt]] [[pl:Kot domowy]] [[pt:Gato doméstico]] [[ro:Pisică]] [[ru:Кошка]] [[st:Katse]] [[simple:Cat]] [[sd:ٻلي]] [[sk:Mačka domáca]] [[sl:Domača mačka]] [[sr:Мачка]] [[fi:Kesykissa]] [[sv:Katt]] [[th:แมว]] [[vi:Mèo]] [[tr:Kedi]] [[wa:Tchet]] [[zh:猫]] 1920 3860 2006-11-26T04:09:08Z GnuDoyng 13 GnuDoyng kiák gì sióng, bēng-guòng cê̤ṳ-iù. GnuDoyng kiák gì sióng, bēng-guòng cê̤ṳ-iù. 1921 3864 2006-11-26T05:01:52Z GnuDoyng 13 New page: {| width="35%" align="right" cellpadding="5" class="noprint" style="float:right; clear:both; border:solid #008 2px; margin:0em 0em 0.5em 0.5em; width:35%;" |- | [[Image:Wikispecies-logo.p... {| width="35%" align="right" cellpadding="5" class="noprint" style="float:right; clear:both; border:solid #008 2px; margin:0em 0em 0.5em 0.5em; width:35%;" |- | [[Image:Wikispecies-logo.png|50px|none|Wikispecies|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | width="100%" | [[Wikispecies]] ô guăng-ṳ̀ '''''[[Wikispecies:{{{1|Special:Search/{{PAGENAME}}}}}|{{{2|{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}}}]]''''' cī cṳ̄ng sĕng-ŭk gì séng-sék. |} 1922 3866 2006-11-26T05:17:57Z GnuDoyng 13 Băh mà, téng en wikipedia lì gì. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:WhiteCat.jpg Băh mà, téng en wikipedia lì gì. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:WhiteCat.jpg 1923 3901 2006-11-29T13:06:14Z GnuDoyng 13 {| width="35%" align="right" cellpadding="5" class="noprint" style="float:right; clear:both; border:solid #008 2px; margin:0em 0em 0.5em 0.5em; width:35%;" |- | [[Image:Commons-logo.svg|50px|none|Wikimedia Commons]] | width="100%" | [[Wikimedia Commons]] ô guăng-ṳ̀ '''''[[Commons:Category:{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}|{{{2|{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}}}]]''''' gì mùi-tā̤ ùng-giông. |} 1924 3907 2006-11-29T13:29:55Z GnuDoyng 13 [[Image:Commons-logo.svg|thumb|200px|Wiki Gê̤ṳng-hiōng gì dù-biĕu.|right]] '''Wiki Gê̤ṳng-hiōng''' (Wiki共享, Wikimedia Commons) sê cê̤ṳ-iù bēng-guòng gì dù-chiông, siăng-ĭng gâe̤ng gì-tă dŏ̤-mùi-tā̤ ùng-giông gì chŏng-kó, găk 2004 nièng 9 nguŏk 7 hô̤ siék-lĭk. Ké̤ṳk [[Wikipedia]] siŏh-iông, ĭ iâ sê [[Wiki Mùi-tā̤ Gĭ-gĭng-huôi]] (Wikimedia) gì gĕ̤ng-tiàng cĭ ék. Siông-diòng gáu Wikimedia Commons gì ùng-giông â̤ tĕ̤ng ké̤ṳk sū-iū bēng-buōng gì Wikipedia īng-ê̤ṳng. ==Nguôi-buô lièng-giék== * [http://commons.wikimedia.org Wiki Gê̤ṳng-hiōng] [[Category:Wikipedia]] [[af:Wikimedia Commons]] [[als:Wikimedia Commons]] [[ar:ويكيميديا كومونز]] [[an:Wikimedia Commons]] [[bs:Wikimedia Commons]] [[bg:Общомедия]] [[ca:Wikimedia Commons]] [[cs:Wikimedia Commons]] [[cy:Comin Wicifryngau]] [[da:Wikimedia Commons]] [[de:Wikimedia Commons]] [[et:Wikimedia Commons]] [[es:Wikimedia Commons]] [[fa:ویکی‌انبار]] [[fr:Wikimedia Commons]] [[ga:Cómhaoin Wikimedia]] [[gu:વિકિમીડિયા કૉમન્સ]] [[ko:위키미디어 공용]] [[id:Wikimedia Commons]] [[it:Wikimedia Commons]] [[he:ויקישיתוף]] [[ka:ვიკისაწყობი]] [[ku:Wikimedia Commons]] [[la:Vicimedia Communia]] [[lv:Wikimedia Commons]] [[lt:Vikiteka]] [[hu:Wikimedia Commons]] [[mt:Wikimedia Commons]] [[mi:Wikimedia Commons]] [[nl:Wikimedia Commons]] [[ja:ウィキメディア・コモンズ]] [[no:Wikimedia Commons]] [[nn:Wikimedia Commons]] [[nds:Wikimedia Commons]] [[pl:Wikimedia Commons]] [[pt:Wikimedia Commons]] [[ro:Wikimedia Commons]] [[ru:Викисклад]] [[war:Wikimedia Commons]] [[sco:Wikimedia Commons]] [[sq:Wikimedia Commons]] [[simple:Wikimedia Commons]] [[sk:Wikimedia Commons]] [[sl:Wikimedijina zbirka]] [[sr:Викимедијина Остава]] [[su:Wikimedia Commons]] [[fi:Wikimedia Commons]] [[sv:Wikimedia Commons]] [[tl:Wikimedia Commons]] [[vi:Wikimedia Commons]] [[tg:Викимедиаи Умумӣ]] [[tr:Wikimedia Commons]] [[uk:ВікіСховище]] [[yi:וויקיקאמאנס]] [[bat-smg:Wikimedia Commons]] [[zh:维基共享资源]] 1925 3890 2006-11-26T06:30:04Z GnuDoyng 13 Dṳ̀ng-sĭng dêng-hióng gáu [[Wiki Gê̤ṳng-hiōng]] #REDIRECT [[Wiki Gê̤ṳng-hiōng]] 1926 3891 2006-11-26T06:41:13Z GnuDoyng 13 Dṳ̀ng-sĭng dêng-hióng gáu [[Wikipedia]] #REDIRECT [[Wikipedia]] 1927 3894 2006-11-26T08:30:21Z GnuDoyng 13 Lìng Cáik-sṳ̀ Sṳ̀-dòng gì sióng-piéng, GnuDoyng kiák gì, cê̤ṳ-iù bēng-guòng. Lìng Cáik-sṳ̀ Sṳ̀-dòng gì sióng-piéng, GnuDoyng kiák gì, cê̤ṳ-iù bēng-guòng. 1928 3908 2006-11-29T13:30:20Z GnuDoyng 13 [[Image:Wikispecies-logo.svg|thumb|200px|Wiki Ŭk-cṳ̄ng gì dù-biĕu.|right]] '''Wiki Ŭk-cṳ̄ng''' (Wiki物種, Wikispecies) sê [[Wikimedia Gĭ-gĭng-huôi]] gì gĕ̤ng-tiàng cĭ ék, sāi lì gé-liŏh sié-gái sū-iū [[sĕng-miâng]]. Wikispecies diē-lié gì sĕng-miâng ŭk-cṳ̄ng ciòng-buô dŭ sāi céng-giĕ [[Lá-dĭng-ngṳ̄]] hô̤-miàng. ==Nguôi-buô lièng-giék== * [http://www.wikispecies.org Wiki Ŭk-cṳ̄ng] [[Category:Wikipedia]] [[ang:Wicicynn]] [[en:Wikispecies]] [[es:Wikiespecies]] [[fr:Wikispecies]] [[id:Wikispecies]] [[he:ויקימינים]] [[lt:Vikirūšys]] [[hu:Wikifajok]] [[nl:Wikispecies]] [[ja:ウィキスピーシーズ]] [[pl:Wikispecies]] [[pt:Wikispecies]] [[ru:Викивиды]] [[sq:Wikispecies]] [[simple:Wikispecies]] [[fi:Wikispecies]] [[sv:Wikispecies]] [[tr:Wikispecies]] [[zh:維基物種]] 1929 3912 2006-11-30T12:00:39Z GnuDoyng 13 [[User:Chbu|Chbu]] uâ gì dù. [[User:Chbu|Chbu]] uâ gì dù. 1930 3913 2006-11-30T12:05:41Z GnuDoyng 13 Hók-ciŭ-uâ sṳ̀-diēng gì sióng. Hók-ciŭ-uâ sṳ̀-diēng gì sióng. 1931 3914 2006-11-30T12:06:04Z GnuDoyng 13 Hók-ciŭ-uâ sṳ̀-diēng gì sióng. Hók-ciŭ-uâ sṳ̀-diēng gì sióng. 1934 3958 2006-12-08T10:45:48Z 65.59.219.179 [[Image:Ling Hui-ing.jpg|thumb|200px|Lìng Hŭi-ĭng|right]] '''Lìng Hŭi-ĭng''' (林徽因, buōng miàng 林徽音), 1904 nièng 6 nguŏk 10 hô̤ - 1955 nièng 4 nguŏk 1 hô̤, [[Hók-ciŭ]] [[Diòng-lŏ̤h]]-nè̤ng, [[Dṳ̆ng-guók]] hiêng-dô̤i chók-miàng gì [[Gióng-dé̤ṳk-hŏk|gióng-dé̤ṳk-sṳ̆]], [[Sĭ|sĭ-ìng]]. Ĭ iâ sê [[Dṳ̆ng-huà Ìng-mìng Gê̤ṳng-huò-guók]] guók-hŭi siék-gié-ciā cĭ ék. Hâiu-sié nè̤ng guăng-cé̤ṳ Lìng Hŭi-ĭng ng-dăng-dăng ĭng-ôi ĭ săng-dék-cóng, ô cài-huà, iâ ĭng-ôi ĭ gì ái-cìng sĕng-uăk. Bī-lâung-gōng ĭ gâe̤ng [[Sṳ̀ Cé-mò̤]] (徐志摩) gì diòng-gì gó-sê̤ṳ ké̤ṳk páh siàng [[diêng-sê]] «Ìng-găng Sé-nguŏk-tiĕng» (人間四月天). Dáng-sê, Lìng Hŭi-ĭng gì hâiu-iô nêng-ùi hī kuŏk "diòng-gì" gâe̤ng cĭng-sĭk lĭk-sṳ̄ uòng-ciòng mò̤ siŏng-găng. Ĭ-gáuk-nè̤ng nêng-ùi sê Sṳ̀ Cé-mò̤ dé̤ṳng-é Lìng Hŭi-ĭng, Lìng Hŭi-ĭng táu-dā̤ cêu mò̤ dé̤ṳng-é guó Sṳ̀ Cé-mò̤. Lìng Hŭi-ĭng gì giāng Liòng Cṳ̀ng-gái (梁從誡) ciŏng ĭ lòng-nā̤ gì sū-iū cáuk-pīng piĕng siàng cáuk-pīng-cĭk «Lìng Hŭi-ĭng Ùng-cĭk» (林徽因文集). [[Category:Ìng-ŭk]] [[Category:Mìng-cṳ̆]] [[de:Lin Huiyin]] [[en:Lin Huiyin]] [[ja:林徽因]] [[zh:林徽因]] 1935 3954 2006-12-07T13:06:36Z GnuDoyng 13 Lìng Hŭi-ĭng gì sióng. Lìng Hŭi-ĭng gì sióng. 1936 3972 2006-12-13T17:36:41Z 218.162.97.167 /* Lĭk-sṳ̄ */ typo [[Image:LocationTaiwan.png|thumb|200px|Dài-uăng diŏh sié-gái siông.|right]] '''Dài-uăng''' (hĕ̤k '''Dài-uàng''', 台灣) sê [[Tái-bìng-iòng]] gà̤-dēng gì 1 bĭh [[dō̤-sê̤ṳ]], găk [[Dṳ̆ng-huà Ìng-mìng Gê̤ṳng-huò-guók]] [[Hók-gióng Sēng]] dĕ̤ng-buô, sê [[Dṳ̆ng-huà Mìng-guók]] ciō-iéu gì guāng-hăk kṳ̆-mĭk. "'''''Dài-uăng'''''" buōng-lài găi-dŏng tĕ̤k có̤ "'''''Dài-uàng'''''", [[Háng-cê]] siā có̤ "臺員". Gô-dā̤ [[Să̤-huŏng]] iâ giéu Dài-uăng có̤ "Formasa" (téng [[Buò-dò̤-ngà-ngṳ̄]] "Ilha Formosa" lì gì, é-sé̤ṳ sê "mī-lâ̤ gì dō̤-sê̤ṳ"). ==Lĭk-sṳ̄== [[Image:1896 Dai-uang.png|thumb|300px|1896 nièng gì Dài-uăng dê-dù, ô siŏh-piĕ dê-miàng sāi [[Băh-uâ-cê]].|right]] Gū-cā-cā, cêu ô gōng [[Nàng-dō̤ ngṳ̄-hiê]] gì nguòng-sṳ̄ gṳ̆-mìng dêu lŏ̤h Dài-uăng. Ék-dĭk gáu 15 sié-gī, dŭ mò̤ sêu [[Háng-cŭk]] [[ùng-huá]] gì īng-hiōng. 1624 - 1662 nièng, Dài-uăng ké̤ṳk [[Hò̤-làng]] tūng-dê. Hò̤-làng céng-hū diêu [[Hók-gióng]] ièng-hāi gṳ̆-mìng buăng gáu Dài-uăng kŭi-huák. 1662 nièng 2 nguŏk 1 hô̤, [[Dâng Sìng-gŭng]] (鄭成功) gŭng-dôi páh iàng Hò̤-làng gŭng-dôi, ciéng-liāng Dài-uăng. 1863 nièng, [[Chĭng-dièu]] ciŏng-gŭng [[Siĕ Lâung]] (施琅) páh iàng Dâng Sìng-gŭng, iù-sê, Dài-uăng siàng-ùi Chĭng-dièu gì liāng-tū. 1895 nièng [[Gák-ū Ciéng-cĭng]] (甲午戰爭), Dài-uăng gák ké̤ṳk [[Nĭk-buōng]]. 1945 nièng Nĭk-buōng sék-bâi, [[Dṳ̆ng-guók Guók-mìng-dōng]] kăi-sṳ̄ lī-dê. 1949 nièng, Guók-mìng-dōng diŏh nô̤i-ciéng sék-bâi, cāu kó̤ Dài-uăng. Iù-sê, Dài-uăng cêu dâi-biēu [[Dṳ̆ng-huà Mìng-guók]], ék-dĭk gáu gĭng-dáng. ==Ùng-huá== [[Category:Mìng-cṳ̆]] [[ar:تايوان]] [[as:টাইৱান]] [[zh-min-nan:Tâi-oân]] [[bg:Тайван]] [[ca:Taiwan]] [[cs:Tchaj-wan (ostrov)]] [[cy:Taiwan]] [[da:Taiwan (ø)]] [[de:Taiwan]] [[en:Taiwan]] [[es:Taiwán]] [[fr:Taiwan]] [[ko:타이완 섬]] [[ia:Taiwan]] [[is:Tævan]] [[it:Taiwan (isola)]] [[ms:Pulau Taiwan]] [[ja:台湾]] [[nl:Taiwan]] [[no:Taiwan]] [[nn:Taiwan]] [[ug:تەيۋەن]] [[pl:Tajwan (wyspa)]] [[ro:Taiwan]] [[sm:Tailani]] [[simple:Taiwan]] [[fi:Taiwan (saari)]] [[sv:Taiwan (ö)]] [[th:ไต้หวัน]] [[vi:Đài Loan]] [[tpi:Taiwan]] [[tr:Tayvan]] [[zh-yue:台灣]] [[zh:台灣]] [[zh-classical:臺灣]] 1937 3966 2006-12-13T12:07:18Z GnuDoyng 13 Dṳ̀ng-sĭng dêng-hióng gáu [[Dài-uăng]] #REDIRECT [[Dài-uăng]] 1938 3968 2006-12-13T12:08:33Z GnuDoyng 13 Dài-uàng gì dê-dù, 1896 nièng huák-biēu diŏh Ĭng-guók gì dê-lī căk-cé. Dài-uàng gì dê-dù, 1896 nièng huák-biēu diŏh Ĭng-guók gì dê-lī căk-cé. 1940 3982 2006-12-16T03:17:23Z GnuDoyng 13 káung 1944 3998 2006-12-19T14:38:33Z GnuDoyng 13 [[Image:Michelangelo Buonarroti 018.jpg|thumb|300px|Ià-huò-huà cháung-cô̤ [[nĭk-tàu]] gâe̤ng [[nguŏk]], [[Mī-kăi-lòng-gĭ-lò̤]] uâ gì.|right]] '''Ià-huò-huà''' (耶和華) sê [[Gô-iók Séng-gĭng]] diē-lié [[Siông-dá̤]] gì miàng, sê téng [[Hĭ-báik-lài-ngṳ̄]] gì "יהוה" lì gì. [[Tiĕng-ciō-gáu]] iâ ĭk có̤ "'''Ngā-ŭi'''" (雅威), bêng nêng-ùi cuòi ciáh sê ciáng-káuk gì ĭk huák. [[Category:Gĭ-dók-gáu]] [[Category:Iù-tái-gáu]] [[Category:Ìng-ŭk]] [[ast:Xehová]] [[ca:Jehovà]] [[cs:JHVH]] [[da:Jehova]] [[de:JHWH]] [[en:Tetragrammaton]] [[et:Jahve]] [[el:Τετραγράμματο]] [[es:Yahveh]] [[eo:Jehovo]] [[fr:YHWH]] [[ko:야훼]] [[id:Tetragrammaton]] [[it:Tetragramma biblico]] [[he:השם המפורש]] [[kw:Yehovah]] [[lt:Tetragramatonas]] [[hu:Jahve]] [[nl:JHWH]] [[ja:テトラグラマトン]] [[no:Jahve]] [[pl:Jahwe]] [[pt:Tetragrama]] [[ru:Тетраграмматон]] [[ru-sib:Тетраграматон]] [[fi:Jahve]] [[sv:JHVH]] [[zh-yue:耶和華]] [[zh:耶和華]]