Wikipedia acewiki https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%94n_Keue MediaWiki 1.46.0-wmf.24 first-letter Alat Kusuih Marit Ureuëng Ngui Marit Ureuëng Ngui Wikipedia Marit Wikipedia Beureukaih Marit Beureukaih MediaWiki Marit MediaWiki Seunaleuëk Marit Seunaleuëk Beunantu Marit Beunantu Kawan Marit Kawan TimedText TimedText talk Modul Pembicaraan Modul Acara Pembicaraan Acara 10 336 157837 77786 2026-04-22T03:46:48Z Tinta Emas Historia Network 33174 157837 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /><!-- -->{{#switch:{{{liststyle}}}|upper-alpha|upper-roman|lower-alpha|lower-greek|lower-roman=<div class="reflist-liststyle-{{{liststyle}}}"> <nowiki/>}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{1|}}}{{{colwidth|}}}| <div class="mw-references-wrap <!-- -->{{#iferror:{{#ifexpr: {{{1|}}} > 1 }}|mw-references-columns|{{#switch:{{{1|}}}|1=|2=mw-references-columns reflist-columns-2|#default=mw-references-columns reflist-columns-3}} }}" <!-- end class -->{{#if: {{{1|}}}<!-- start style. The multiplication by 0.9 is for [[hysterical raisins]]. --> | {{#iferror: {{#ifexpr: {{{1|1}}} > 1 }} |style="column-width: calc( 0.9 * {{{1}}} );"}} | {{#if: {{{colwidth|}}}|style="column-width: calc( 0.9 * {{{colwidth}}} );"}} }}>{{#tag:references|{{{refs|}}}|group={{{group|}}}|responsive=0}}</div> | <div><!-- VE for some reason requires a div wrapping the references tag. 🤷 --> {{#tag:references|{{{refs|}}}|group={{{group|}}}|responsive=1}}</div> }}<!-- -->{{#switch:{{{liststyle}}}|upper-alpha|upper-roman|lower-alpha|lower-greek|lower-roman=</div>}}<!-- -->{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using reflist with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page using [[Template:Reflist]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | colwidth | group | liststyle | refs }}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> 6ru6cuze0qz3wvjdrkqztati1gmdgd2 0 812 157800 155635 2026-04-22T01:37:39Z Tinta Emas Historia Network 33174 157800 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Banda Aceh | official_name = City of Banda Aceh<br>{{nobold|''Kota Banda Aceh''}} | other_name = Kutaraja | settlement_type = [[List of regencies and cities of Indonesia|Special region capital]] | translit_lang1 = Regional | image_skyline = {{multiple image | perrow = 1/2/2 | border = infobox | total_width = 280 | image1 = Meuseujid Raya.JPG | caption1 = [[Baiturrahman Grand Mosque]] | image2 = Aceh_Tsunami_Museum.JPG | caption2 = [[Aceh Tsunami Museum]] | image3 = Replika Seulawah 001 di Blang Padang, Banda Aceh.jpg | caption3 = Seulawah 001 Monument | image4 = Gunongan_Putroë_Phang.JPG | caption4 = [[Gunongan Historical Park]] | image5 = Peucut_3.JPG | caption5 = Kerkhof Peucut }} | translit_lang1_type1 = [[Acehnese language|Acehnese]] | translit_lang1_info1 = {{resize|10pt|''Kuta Banda Acèh''}} {{font|size=60%|([[Acehnese language#Writing system|Latin]])}}<br />{{lang|ace-arab|{{Script|Arab|{{resize|11pt|بند اچيه}}}}}} {{font|size=60%|([[Jawi script|Jawoë]])}} | governing_body = Banda Aceh City Government | flag_alt = | image_flag = Flag of Banda Aceh City.png | seal_alt = | image_shield = Lambang Kota Banda Aceh.png | shield_alt = | nickname = ''Kota Serambi Mekkah''<br>(the Porch of [[Mecca]]){{force singular}} | motto = ''Saboeh Pakat Tabangun Banda'' | mapframe = yes | mapframe-zoom = 10 | image_map1 = | pushpin_map = Indonesia Sumatra#Indonesia#Bay of Bengal | pushpin_label_position = right | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = Location in [[Sumatra]], [[Indonesia]] and the [[Bay of Bengal]] | coordinates = {{coord|5|33|0|N|95|19|3|E|display=inline,title}} | coor_pinpoint = | coordinates_footnotes = | subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]] | subdivision_name = {{INA}} | subdivision_type1 = [[Provinces of Indonesia|Province]] | subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Aceh}} | established_title = Founded | established_date = {{start date and age|1205|4|22}} | government_type = [[Mayor–council]] | leader_title = [[Mayor]] | leader_name = [[Illiza Sa'aduddin Djamal]] ([[United Development Party|PPP]]) | leader_title1 = [[Vice Mayor]] | leader_name1 = [[:id:Afdhal Khalilullah|Afdhal Khalilullah]] | leader_title2 = [[Regional House of Representatives#Names|Legislature]] | leader_name2 = [[:id:Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Kota Banda Aceh|Banda Aceh City House of Representatives]] (DPRK) | unit_pref = Metric<!-- or US or UK --> | area_magnitude = | area_total_km2 = 61.36 | area_metro_km2 = 2,935.36 | elevation_m = 0–10 | elevation_ft = 0–32.9 | population_total = 267962 | population_as_of = mid 2025 estimate | population_footnotes = <ref name="Badan Pusat Statistik 2026">Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 27 February 2026, ''Kota Banda Aceh Dalam Angka 2026'' (Katalog-BPS 1101001.1171)</ref> | population_density_km2 = auto | population_metro = 513,698 | population_density_metro_km2 = auto | population_rank = | population_density_rank = | population_demonyms = Banda Acehnese | population_note = | timezone1_DST = | utc_offset1_DST = | postal_code_type = [[Postal codes in Indonesia|Postal code]] | postal_code = 23000 | area_code = (+62) 651 | area_code_type = [[Telephone numbers in Indonesia|Area code]] | iso_code = | registration_plate_type = [[Vehicle registration plates of Indonesia|Vehicle registration]] | registration_plate = BL | blank_name = [[Human Development Index|HDI]] (2024) | blank_info = {{increase}} 0.8717<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 15, 2024 |title=[Metode Baru] Indeks Pembangunan Manusia, 2022-2024 |trans-title=[New Method] Human Development Index, 2022-2024 |url=https://www.bps.go.id/id/statistics-table/2/NDEzIzI=/-metode-baru--indeks-pembangunan-manusia.html |access-date=11 March 2025 |website=[[Statistics Indonesia]] |language=id}}</ref> ([[List of Indonesian provinces by Human Development Index#List of cities of Indonesia with very high HDI (2024)|2nd]]) – ({{fontcolor|#007B00|very high}}) | website = {{URL|http://www.bandaacehkota.go.id/|bandaacehkota.go.id}} | footnotes = | timezone = [[Time in Indonesia|Indonesia Western Time]] | utc_offset = +7 }} '''Banda Acèh''' ([[Haraih Jawoe]] : '''كوتا بند اچيه)''' bak masa dilèë nakeuh nang neugara [[Acèh]], jinoë kajeuët keu saböh Negara di [[Asia tenggara]], nyang teuduëk bak ujông pulo [[Selat Melaka]]. Luah tanöh banda nyoë nakeuh 64 km² dan meunurôt hasé nyang teubileuëng deungôn sensus, na 219.070 droë ureuëng geuduëk di banda nyoë. == Tarèh == Bak masa jameun dilèë, banda nyoë geupeunan Bandar Acèh Darussalam. Lheuëh nyan nibak masa jiduëk [[Hindia Beulanda]] dituka nan banda nyoë jeuët keu Kutaraja. Makna [[Kutaraja]] nakeuh [[Kuta]] teumpat neuduëk [[Raja]] atawa Sultan Acèh, meunyo takalon tarèh meuba keudéh bak calitra [[Sultan Acèh]] nibak indatu [[Champa]]. Bak thôn 1956, [[neugara Acèh]] kadisak lam Indônèsia dan kajeuët keu propinsi maka nan banda meu-ubah lom deungôn nan [[Banda Acèh]] seubagoë nang [[nanggroë]] Acèh lam [[neugara]] Atjèh, nyang meu-asai phôn nariët nyan nibak [[bahsa Parisi]], "bandar" (بندر). Bak masa jinoë, banda nyoë ka meuceuhu deungôn nan Banda Acèh nyang geuböh "r" bak narit "bandar". Banda nyoë geukaét chit seubagoë nanggroë nyang jeuët keu adoë nanggroë nibak propinsi [[Meukkah]] lam neugara [[Soëdi Arabia]] nyang kayém geulakap deungôn nan "[[Seuramoë Meukkah]]". Nan nyoe geubôh kareuna bak masa jameun, ureuëng nyang jak u haji geupiyôh di Banda Acèh sigolom geujak u Meukkah. Seula'én nibak nyan, jameun na sidroë raja, gobnyan meu-asai nibak [[keurajeuën]] [[Samudra Pasé]], nyang phôn tamöng lam agama [[Éseulam]] sigolom agama nyoë geumè ban sigom neugara [[Atjeh Darussalam]]. == Ië beuna == Bak uroë 26 buleuën 12 thôn 2004, Banda Acèh geubi saböh musibah, nakeuh musibah tsunami. Sigolom ië la'ôt ji'ék, na geumpa bumoë nyang cukôp teuga. Geumpa bumoë nyang teuga jih 9,2 SR nyan, jeuët keu meusabab ji'ék ië la'ôt, atawa tsunami u banda. Deungön sabab nyan, kira-kira na 167.000 ureuëng meuninggai lam musibah nyan.<ref>Jayasuriya, Sisira and Peter McCawley in collaboration with Bhanupong Nidhiprabha, Budy P. Resosudarmo and Dushni Weerakoon, [https://web.archive.org/web/20120316081821/http://www.adbi.org/book/2010/12/17/4253.asian.tsunami.aid.reconstruction/ ''The Asia Tsunami: Aid and Reconstruction after a Disaster''], Cheltenham UK and Northampton MA USA: Edward Elgar and Asian Development Bank Institute, 2010.</ref> Musibah nyan teuka bak jeuëm pôh 7.58 beungöh uroë aleuhad.<ref>Jayasuriya and McCawley, ''ibid''.</ref> Ji'ôh pusat geumpa nyan nakeuh 155 mil dari panté Banda Acèh.<ref>John Pike, '[http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/Atjèh Darussalam/bandar-aceh.htm Banda Aceh']{{Dead link|date=December 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, accessed 23 January 2011.</ref> == Neuplah wilayah == Banda Acèh na sikureuëng böh sagoë cut (wilayah). Nan sagoë-sagoë cut nyan nakeuh: {{Columns |col1= * [[Baiturrahman, Banda Acèh|Baiturrahman]] * [[Banda Raya, Banda Acèh|Banda Raya]] * [[Jaya Baru, Banda Acèh|Jaya Baru]] * [[Kuta Alam, Banda Acèh|Kuta Alam]] * [[Kuta Raja, Banda Acèh|Kuta Raja]] |col2= * [[Luëng Bata, Banda Acèh|Luëng Bata]] * [[Meuraksa, Banda Acèh|Meuraksa]] * [[Syiah Kuala, Banda Acèh|Syiah Kuala]] * [[Ulèë Karéng, Banda Acèh|Ulèë Karéng]] }} == Bumoë == Banda Acèh nyoë teuduëk di da'irah ''tropis'' atawa da'irah nyang cuaca-jih sabé-sabé su'um. Su'um di kuta nyoë nakeuh kira-kira 27^°C saban uroëjih. Lagèë da'irah la'én di [[Atjèh Darussalam]], Banda Acèh na musém khuëng ngön musém ujeuën. Biasajih, lam beuleuën nam sampoë buleuën lapan. Kuta nyoë öh trôh bak watèë musém khuëng keubit that khuëng. Meunurôt taksé, nibak beuleuën-beuleuën nyan su'um jih trôh sampoë lumbôi paléng manyang. == Banda keumeuë == * [[Atjeh Darussalam]] == Meuneumat == <references/> == Peunawôt luwa == # [https://web.archive.org/web/20140903092221/http://www.bandaacehkota.gov.ad/ Situs kerajaan Kota Banda Aceh] {{Atjèhh}} {{Commons|Atjeh}} [[Kawan:Atjeèh]] [[Kawan:Banda Acèh]] [[Kawan:Pulo Ruja]] [[Kawan:Atjèh Darussalam]] [[Kawan:Banda-banda di Pulo Ruja]] hlww9hqjv30pdw67lvdp2dafpvm5kkh 0 4648 157869 157701 2026-04-22T07:34:23Z Tinta Emas Historia Network 33174 157869 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox royalty | name = Éseukanda Muda<br> {{nobold|<small>{{Nastaliq|سلطان إسكندر مودا }}</small>}} | title = [[Sôleutan Acèh Darussalam]] | image = Lukisan Iskandar muda.jpg | caption = Gamba Sôleutan Éseukanda Muda | succession = [[Sôleutan Acèh Darussalam]] | reign = 4 April 1607 – 27 Desember 1636 | predecessor = [[Ali Ri'ayat Syah III dari Aceh|Ali Ri'ayat Syah III]] | successor = [[Iskandar Tsani dari Aceh|Iskandar Tsani]] | birth_name = | birth_date = 1583 | birth_place = [[Banda Aceh]], [[Acèh Darussalam|Keurajeuën Acèh Darussalam]] | death_date = 27 Desember 1636 | death_place = [[Banda Aceh]], [[Acèh Darussalam|Keurajeuën Acèh Darussalam]] | burial_date = | burial_place = Komplek pemakaman Kandang Meuh | spouse = 1. Putroe Tsani (Peureumoësuri) 2. Putroe Meuligoe (Putroe Al Habsy dari Habasya) 3. Kamaliah dari [[Pahang]] (Putroe Phang) 4. Siti Ungu Putri Inai ([[Kesultanan Asahan|Asahan]]) | issue = * Tuanku Maharaja Hitam (Panglima Polim I * [[Putra Mahkota]] Meurah Pupok * [[Safiatuddin dari Aceh|Putri Sri Alam]] * Raja Abdul Jalil Syah I dari [[Kesultanan Asahan|Asahan]] | full name = | regnal name = Perkasa Alam Darmawangsa Tun Pangkat Johan Berdaulat Zilullahi Fil Alam Paduka Seri Sultan Iskandar Muda Meureuhom Meukuta Alam | royal house = [[Ali Mughayat Syah dari Aceh|Meukuta Alam]] | father = Sultan Mansur Syah | mother = Puteri Raja Inderabangsa | religion = Eseulam [[Sunni]] | signature = | module = '''[[Pahlawan nasional Indonesia]]'''<br> S.K. Presiden No. 077/TK/Tahun 1993, tanggal 14 September, 1993 }} [[Beureukaih:Iskandar Muda, potret pada 2 April 2026.jpg|jmpl|Gamba Sôleutan Éseukanda Muda karya Yoesoef (1980) bak Museum Aceh di Banda Aceh.]] '''Sôleutan Éseukanda Muda''' ([[Acèh]], [[Kuta Banda Acèh|Bandar Acèh]], 1593 atawa 1590 – Bandar Acèh, 27 September 1636) na keuh sidroë [[sôleutan]] nyang that rayeuk lam masa [[Keurajeuën Acèh Darussalam]], droëneuh nyang neu mat kuwasa nibak thôn 1607 sampoe 1636. Keurajeun Acèh that makmu nibak masa droëneuh neu mat kuwasa. Wilayah Keurajeuen Acèh nyang that luwah nibak masa nyan, Acèh jithee lom nibak watee nyan sibagoë pusat dagang internasional ngon pusat eleumee agama Islam di Asia Tenggara.<br /> == Silsilah == [[Beureukaih:Jirat Soleutan Eseukanda Muda.JPG|jmpl|Jirat Sôleutan Éseukanda Muda di [[Banda Aceh]]]] Nibak ureung chi' inong (ma), Éseukanda Muda na keuh turônan nibak Raja Darôl-Kamal, nibak ureung chi' agam (ayah) na keuh turônan Raja Meukuta Alam. Darôl-Kamal dan Meukuta Alam bak saboh peuneugah, dilee na keuh dua boh teumpat mukim nyang hana jiôh (meupisah ngon krueng) meusapat dua kawom ngon dua wilayah nyan (Darôl-Kamal - Meukuta Alam) nyan keuh asay mula teu dong Keurajeuen Acèh. Éseukanda Muda sibagoe sidroe nyang meu waki nibak dua cabeueng nyan, meu hak peunöh ateueh ''takhta'' nanggröe Keurajeuen Acèh. Nan ma' neuh, Putroë Raja Indra Bangsa, nyang geupeunan chit Padôka Syah Alam, na keuh aneuk inong Sôleutan Alauddin Riayat Syah, Sôleutan Acèh nyang keu-10; sôleutan nyoe aneuk agam Sôleutan Firman Syah, Sôleutan Firman Syah na keuh aneuk atawa cuco (meunurôt [[Hoesein Djajadiningrat|Djajadiningrat]]) Sôleutan Inayat Syah, Raja Darôl-Kamal. Putroë Raja Indra Bangsa geu meunikah deungon [[Sôleutan Mansur Syah]], aneuk Sôleutan Abdul-Jalil, Abdul-Jalil nyan na keuh aneuk Sôleutan Alauddin Riayat Syah al-Kahhar, Sôleutan Acèh ke-3.<br /> == Meunikah == Sôleutan Éseukanda Muda neu meukawen deungon sidroe Putroë dari Pahang. Putroë nyan geu turi deungon nan Putroe Phang. Meunurôt narit dilee, Sôleutan neu peurintah untok neupeugot saboh taman nyang geupeunan [[Gunongan]] nibak teungoh-teungoh Mideun Khayali (Taman Istana) seubagoe langgeum cinta neuh keu tuan putroë. Nibak saboh peuneugah, putroë sabe weueh hate neuh meusyen keu gampong neuh di Nanggroe Pahang nyang meu buket-buket. Sampoë 'an jinoë Gunongan nyan mantong jeut ta kalon ngon ta kunjông. Aneuk Sôleutan Éseukanda Muda nyang kayém na lam tulésan seujarah na keuh 2 (dua) droë. Sidroë aneuk agam [[Meurah Pupôk]] ngon si droë aneuk inong [[Sri Ratu Safiatuddin]]. Meurah Pupôk ka neu hukôm le Sôleutan Éseukanda Muda, saweueb Meurah Pupôk ka neu meuzina. [[Kawan:Sôleutan Acèh|Éseukanda Muda]] oncm7ug4zh8ztl2y5rwi8n0ttdeg9ec 0 6833 157856 157654 2026-04-22T06:36:42Z Tinta Emas Historia Network 33174 157856 wikitext text/x-wiki {{{Infobox royalty | name = Napoleon | image = Jacques-Louis David - The Emperor Napoleon in His Study at the Tuileries - Google Art Project.jpg | alt = Portrait of Napoleon in his late thirties, in white and dark blue military dress uniform. His hair is cropped close but with a short fringe in front, and his right hand is tucked in his waistcoat. | caption = ''[[The Emperor Napoleon in His Study at the Tuileries]]'' (1812) | succession = [[Emperor of the French]] | reign = 18 May 1804 – {{nowrap|6 April 1814}} | reign-type = 1st reign | reign-type1 = [[Hundred Days|2nd reign]] | reign1 = 20 March 1815 – 22 June 1815 {{Infobox officeholder | embed = yes | office = [[First Consul of France|First Consul of the French Republic]] | term_start = 13 December 1799 | term_end = 18 May 1804 | office1 = [[French Consulate|Provisional Consul of the French Republic]] | term_start1 = 10 November 1799 | term_end1 = 12 December 1799 {{Collapsed infobox section begin|Other offices held|titlestyle = border:1px dashed lightgrey}} | office2 = [[Protector of the Confederation of the Rhine]] | term_start2 = 12 July 1806 | term_end2 = 19 October 1813 | office3 = [[Kingdom of Italy (Napoleonic)|King of Italy]] | term_start3 = 17 March 1805 | term_end3 = 6 April 1814 | office4 = [[Act of Mediation|Mediator of the Swiss Confederation]] | term_start4 = 19 February 1803 | term_end4 = 19 October 1813 | office5 = [[Italian Republic (Napoleonic)|President of the Italian Republic]] | term_start5 = 26 January 1802 | term_end5 = 17 March 1805 {{Collapsed infobox section end}} }} | birth_name = Napoleone di Buonaparte | birth_date = {{birth date|1769|8|15|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[Ajaccio]], Corsica, Peuranceh | death_date = {{death date and age|1821|5|5|1769|8|15|df=yes}} | death_place = [[Longwood, Saint Helena]] | burial_date = 15 December 1840 | burial_place = {{lang|fr|[[Les Invalides]]|italic=no}}, Paris, France | spouses = {{plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Joséphine de Beauharnais]]|9 March 1796|10 January 1810|end={{abbr|ann.|annulled}}}} * {{marriage|[[Marie Louise of Austria]]|11 March 1810|1814|end={{abbr|sep.|separated}}}}}} | issue = {{plainlist| * [[Napoleon II]] * [[Charles Léon]] ({{Abbr|ill.|illegitimate}}) * [[Alexandre Colonna-Walewski]] ({{Abbr|ill.|illegitimate}}) }} | issue-link = #Children | issue-pipe = more... | full name = Napoléon Bonaparte | house = [[House of Bonaparte|Bonaparte]] | signature = File:Firma Napoleón Bonaparte.svg }} == Asay ngon neubeuët == [[Beureukaih:Carlo_Buonaparte.jpg|jmpl|lurus|Ayah Napolèon, [[Carlo Bounaparté]] nakeuh waki Korsika di Keurajaan [[Louis XVI]].]] Napolèon Bonaparté aneuk numbôy dua nibak tujôh meusyèdara. Jih lahé di [[Casa Bounaparte]], di banda [[Ajaccio]], Korsika, bak uroë 15 buleuën Lapan thôn 1769, saboh thôn lheuëh jipulang [[Rèpublik Genova]] keu [[Peurancih]].<ref>McLynn 1998, p.6</ref> Jih lahè ngön nan ''Napoleone di Bounaparté'', nyang dudoë jiubah jeuët keu ''Napolèon Bonaparté'' nyang leubèh meubèë Peurancih.{{#tag:ref|Napoleon geukheun ''Nabolione'' lam [[Bahsa Korsika]].<ref>Asprey 2000, p.4</ref>|group=note}} Keuluarga Bounaparté saboh keuluarga ulèë balang nyang teuka dari [[Italia]], nyang geuwèh u Korsika bak abad keu-16/<ref>McLynn 1998, h.2</ref> Ayahjih, ''Nobile'' [[Carlo Bounaparté]], sidroë peungacara, tom jeuët keu waki Korsika watèë [[Louis XVI]] meukuasa bak thôn 1777. Majih nan Maria [[Letizia Ramolino]]. Jih na sidroë aduën, [[Joseph Bonaparté|Joseph]]; ngon 5 adoë, nakeuh [[Lucien Bonaparté|Lucien]], [[Elisa Bonaparté|Elisa]], [[Louis Bonaparté|Louis]], [[Pauline Bonaparté|Pauline]], [[Caroline Bonaparté|Caroline]], ngön [[Jérôme Bonaparté|Jérôme]]. Napolèon ji baptis seubagai [[Geurija Katolik Roma|katolik]] padum-padum uroë seugolom meuulang thôn nyang keudua, pah that bak uroë 21 buleuën Tujôh thôn 1771 di [[Katèdral Ajaccio]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.napoleon.org/en/magazine/museums/files/Cathedral-Ajaccio.asp|title=Cathedral—Ajaccio|publisher=La Fondation Napoléon|accessdate=2008-05-31}}</ref> Meu ulèë balang, kaya, seureuta hubôngan keuluargajih nyang luah jeuët keu na Napolèon ubeuet kri peuluweuëng nyang luah bak jak beuët sampoë tingkat nyang manyang.<ref>Cronin 1994, p.27</ref> Bak buleuën Sa thôn 1779, Napolèon jidapeuta bak saboh sikula agama di [[Autun]], Peurancih, meukeusud keujijak meurunoë [[bahsa Peurancih]], ngön bak buleuën Limöng jih jidapeuta lom bak saboh sikula mayang militè di [[Brienne-le-Château]]. Bak sikula, jih jimeututô ngon lugat narit Korsika nyang that meuklok sampoë jih kayém jikheun keuh lé ngön-ngön jih; seubab nyan keuh jih ka that sunggôh bak jimeurunoë.<ref>McLynn 1998, p.18</ref> Napolèon carong bak éleumèë matematika, ngön that meuphôm lam éleumèë seujarah ngon éleumèë bumoë.<ref>Asprey 2000, p.13</ref> Lheuëh seuleusoë bak neubeuët nyan laju jisambông neubeuët u Brienne bak thôn 1784, Napolèon jidapeuta bak sikula hayeuë [[École Militaire]] di Paris. Disinan jih jilatih jeuët keu sidroë pang [[artileri]]. Watèë meusikula disinan, ayahjih meuninggai. Jih pih ék seuleusoë bak sikula nyan lam sithôn, bak kri nyang biasa sikula nyan barô keuh seuleusoë dua thôn. Jih jiujoë lé sidroë ahli that hayeuë masa nyan [[Pierre-Simon Laplace]], nyang bak masa lheuëh nyan jitunyok lé Napolèon jeuët keu anggèta [[senat]].<ref>McLynn 1998, p.26</ref> == Karier militè == [[Beureukaih:Jacques-Louis_David_007.jpg|ka|200px|jmpl|Gamba nyang that jithèë ''[[Napoleon Meulingkeuë Alpèn]]'', peuneugot [[Jacques-Louis David]].]] Jih jeuët keu murib bak sikula manyang militè [[Brienne]] thôn [[1779]] bak umu 10 thôn, ngön that carong sampoë Napolèon jeuët lulôh bak sikula manyang nyan bak umu 15 thôn. Karier militèjih jiék ngon bagah lheuëh jih asé jipeuseungap gabuëk nyang jipeugot lé kawôm meudukông royalis ngon kri nyang jeuët that gura: jitimbak meuriam di banda [[Paris]] dari ateuëh meunara. Keujadian nyan thôn [[1795]] bak watèë Napolèon umu 26 thôn. Meumacam prang asé jipeumeunang droëjih, nibak laén prang meulawan [[Austria]] ngön [[Prusia]]. == Masa meujaya == Lam masa jayajih, Napolèon Bonaparté jikuasa rab mandum tanöh [[Iërupa|Eropa]] got ngön diplomasi atawa ngon muprang. Nibak laén nakeuh [[Beulanda]] ngön jibeuôt adoëjih [[Louis Napolèon]],[[Spanyol]] ngön jibeuôt Joseph Napolèon, [[Swedia]] ngön jibeuôt [[Jenderal Bernadotte]] seubagoë raja nyang lheuëh nyan teuma meukhianat, lam bagi rayek wilayah [[Italia]] nyang jireubôt dari Austria ngön [[Polandia]] ngön jibeuôt [[Joseph Poniatowski]] seubagoë wali neugara Polandia. == Meunikah == Napolèon jimeunikah ngön sidroë inöng balèë [[Joséphine de Beauharnais]], lam meurumöh tangga Napolèon peunöh ngön hana peucaya ngön buët meukhianat binoë, lagèë nyang hubôngan Napolèon ngön dara [[Polandia]] [[Maria Walewska]] sampoë akhéjih Joséphine jeuët keu peurumöh seutia. Meudalèh ngön umu nyang leubèh tuha, Joséphine hana meukeuturônan bak Napolèon nyang dudoë jitaleuëk. Lheuëh nyan meunikah lom Napolèon ngon Putroë Kaisar Austria [[Marie Louise]] putroë dari Kaisar [[Francois I]] nyang geuikat hubôngan sikutu Austria ngön Peurancih, paunikah putroë nyan ngön Napolèon nakeuh akai peudana meuntroë [[Matternich]] bah seulamat nanggroë Austria. Hubôngan meunikah nyan meuakhé ngön talô Napolèon nyang keuphôn. Lam talô nyan ka rhet banda [[Paris]] seubab jiprang lé [[Rusia]], [[Austria]] ngön [[Prusia]] Napolèon jidrop ngon ji peuwèh keudéh u pulo [[Elba]]. Marie Louise laju jipuwoë lé ayahjih u [[Wina]]. == Pusaka == [[Beureukaih:Jean-Léon Gérôme - Bonaparte Before the Sphinx.jpg|jmpl|ka|300px|''Bonaparte Before the Sphinx,'' (1868) jigamba lé Jean-Léon Gérôme, Hearst Castle]] === Prang === Lam organisasi militè, Napolèon jipeuturi istilah korps, nyang na nibak meusapat divisi. Jipeugot korps nyoë jidukông cit lé rayek that ureuëng watèë nyan nyang jak dapeuta jeuët keu teuntra, sampoë ka ramèë that-that teuntra jeuët keu jipeugot unit teuntra nyang leubèh rayek nibak divisi. Napolèon jituri cit ngon meupeuguna artileri meurayek-rayek bak peuhancô musôh, hana harok jih jipeuguna teuntra infantri langsông. Lam jipilh artileri pih jih galak keu artileri nyang glah bak meugrak bah jeuët keu saboh kri meupeusiblah droë lam prang. Saboh artileri nyang that jigalak nakeuh [[meuriam]] [[Sistem Thôn XI]] nyang seubeutôijih leubèh nibak kri inovasi dari meuriam [[Sistem Gribeauval]]. === Kritik === Hana mandum cit prang asé meunang jih. Talô jih bak keuneuk kuasa tanöh [[Mesir]] nyang akibatjih suah meukeuë-keuë teuntra Peurancih meulawan [[Inggréh]], [[Keusultanan Mamluk|Mamluk]] ngön [[Keusultanan Utsmaniyah|Utsmani]]. Adak pih lam gurôn, Napolèon asé jipeutalô teuntra gabôngan Keusultanan Utsmani ngön Keusultanan Mamluk lam [[Prang Piramida]], tapi padum-padum uroë lheuëh nyan Peurancih talô bak meulawan Inggréh lam prang di Teluk Abukir. Armada Horatio Nelson (Lakseumana Inggréh) nyang keudua go jih meupeutalô armada Peurancih. Go nyoë lam prang di laôt Trafalgar antara armada Peurancis-Spanyol nyang jipimpin lé Lakseumana Villeneuve ngön armada [[Britania Raya]] nyang jipimpin lé Lakseumana Nelson, adak pih Nelson maté lam prang nyan keunong timbak bak teuntra seunapan Peurancih. Talô lom Napolèon bak jak prang [[Rusia]] seubab hayeuë that ngon carong that kri strategi Jenderal Mikhail Kutuzov ngön Tsar Aleksandr I dari Rusia lam jilawan teuntra Peurancih ngön jimanfa'at keuneunöng leupië Rusia nyang jeuët peumaté ureuëng nyan ban leupië jih. Watèe nyan Napolèon talô seubab jikhianat lé Raja Swedia, Jendral Bernadotte. Strategi Rusia lam hai nyoë nakeuh jitet banda [[Moskow]] lheuëh Napolèon asé peutaklôk banda nyan lam prang nyang that brat di Borodino. Ngön talô di Rusia habéh keuh karier jih seubagoë Kaisar Peurancih lheuëh nyan na jiwèh u pulo Elba ngön jigisa u Peurancih 100 uroë, lheuëh nyan talô lom lam prang Waterloo watèë meurumpok ngon pasukan Inggréh nyang jipimpin lé Jenderal Blucher. Talô disinan Napolèon nyang ka meunyeurah jiboh keudéh u pulo [[Saint Helena]] sampoë maté jih. == Referensi == === Catatan meuyub === {{reflist|2}} === Dapeuta kitab === * {{Cite book|title=Life of Napoleon Bonaparte|last=Abbott|first=John|isbn=1-4179-7063-4|publisher=Kessinger Publishing|year=2005}} * {{Cite book|first=Ken|last=Alder|title=The Measure of All Things—The Seven-Year Odyssey and Hidden Error That Transformed the World|publisher=[[Free Press (publisher)|Free Press]]|year=2002|isbn=0-7432-1675-X}} * {{Cite book|last=Alter|first=Peter|title=Unity and Diversity in European Culture c. 1800|editor=[[T. C. W. Blanning]] and [[Hagen Schulze]]|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2006|isbn=0-19-726382-8}} * {{Cite book|title=Napoleon and Persia|first=Iradj|last=Amini|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=n5IOAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA12|year=2000|isbn=0-934211-58-2|publisher=Taylor & Francis}} * {{Cite book|title=World History of Warfare|first=Christon I.|last=Archer|coauthors=John R. 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* {{Cite book|title=Tricolor and crescent|first=William|last=Watson|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=o4vrUbMK5eEC&pg=PA13|isbn= 0-275-97470-7|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|accessdate=12 June 2009|year=2003}} * {{Cite book|last=Wells|first=David|title=The Penguin Dictionary of Curious and Interesting Geometry|publisher=[[Penguin Books]]|isbn=0-14-011813-6|year=1992}} * {{Cite book|title=Napoleon's Submarine|year=1972|last=Wilkins|first=William|isbn=0-450-01028-7|publisher=New English Library|origyear=1944}} * {{Cite journal|last=Wilson|first=J|date=2 August 1975|title=Dr. Archibald Arnott: Surgeon to the 20th Foot and Physician to Napoleon|journal=[[British Medical Journal]]|issue=vol.3|accessdate=7 June 2008|pmc=1674241|pmid=1097047|volume=3|pages=293–5|doi=10.1136/bmj.3.5978.293}} * {{Cite book|last=Wood|first=Philip|title=The Law and Practice of International Finance Series|publisher=Sweet & Maxwell|year=2007|isbn=1-84703-210-9}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.historytoday.com/MainArticle.aspx?m=31103&amid=30222626|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080425054948/http://www.historytoday.com/MainArticle.aspx?m=31103&amid=30222626|archivedate=25 April 2008|title=Napoleon's Last Journey|publisher=History Today|accessdate=12 July 2008|last=Woodward|first=Chris|issue=7|year=2005|month=July}} == Catatan gaki == <references group="note"/> == Peunawôt luwa == {{wikiquote}} * {{en}} [http://www.napoleon.org/en/home.asp Napoleon.org] * {{en}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20130520075443/http://www.napoleonexhibit.com/ NapoleonExhibit.com] {{Kotak_mulai}} {{S-off}} {{succession box | title = [[Daftar Raja Perancis|Raja Perancis]] | years = [[1804]]-[[1814]] | before = [[Louis XVII dari Perancis|Louis XVII]] <br /> <small>de facto</small> | after = [[Louis XVIII dari Perancis|Louis XVIII]]}} {{succession box | title = [[Daftar Raja Perancis|Raja Perancis]] | years = [[1815]]-[[1815]] | before = [[Louis XVIII dari Perancis|Louis XVIII]] | after = [[Louis XVIII dari Perancis|Louis XVIII]]}} {{Kotak_selesai}} {{raja Peurancih}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Bonaparte, Napoleon}} {{Commonscat|Napoleon I of France}} [[Kawan:Tokoh keturunan Italia]] [[Kawan:Kaisar Perancis]] [[Kawan:100 Tokoh menurut Michael H. Hart]] [[Kawan:Raja Italia]] noi0irgw1v1n3y8yipz3muhfjraazs1 157859 157856 2026-04-22T06:57:47Z Tinta Emas Historia Network 33174 157859 wikitext text/x-wiki {{{Infobox royalty | name = Napoleon | image = Jacques-Louis David - The Emperor Napoleon in His Study at the Tuileries - Google Art Project.jpg | alt = Portrait of Napoleon in his late thirties, in white and dark blue military dress uniform. His hair is cropped close but with a short fringe in front, and his right hand is tucked in his waistcoat. | caption = ''[[The Emperor Napoleon in His Study at the Tuileries]]'' (1812) | succession = Raja Peurancéh | reign = 18 May 1804 – {{nowrap|6 April 1814}} | reign-type = Neumat kuwasa phôn | reign-type1 = Neumat kuwasa keuduwa | reign1 = 20 March 1815 – 22 June 1815 {{Infobox officeholder | embed = yes | office = Konsul phôn Reupublik Peurancéh | term_start = 13 December 1799 | term_end = 18 May 1804 | office1 = Konsul si'at Reupublik Peurancéh | term_start1 = 10 November 1799 | term_end1 = 12 December 1799 {{Collapsed infobox section begin|Other offices held|titlestyle = border:1px dashed lightgrey}} | office2 = Peulindông Konpederasi Rhine | term_start2 = 12 July 1806 | term_end2 = 19 October 1813 | office3 = Raja Itali | term_start3 = 17 March 1805 | term_end3 = 6 April 1814 | office4 = Peuneungoh Konpederasi Swis | term_start4 = 19 February 1803 | term_end4 = 19 October 1813 | office5 = Presiden Reupublik Itali | term_start5 = 26 January 1802 | term_end5 = 17 March 1805 {{Collapsed infobox section end}} }} | birth_name = Napoleone di Buonaparte | birth_date = {{birth date|1769|8|15|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[Ajaccio]], Corsica, Peuranceh | death_date = {{death date and age|1821|5|5|1769|8|15|df=yes}} | death_place = [[Longwood, Saint Helena]] | burial_date = 15 December 1840 | burial_place = {{lang|fr|[[Les Invalides]]|italic=no}}, Paris, France | spouses = {{plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Joséphine de Beauharnais]]|9 March 1796|10 January 1810|end={{abbr|ann.|annulled}}}} * {{marriage|[[Marie Louise of Austria]]|11 March 1810|1814|end={{abbr|sep.|separated}}}}}} | issue = {{plainlist| * [[Napoleon II]] * [[Charles Léon]] ({{Abbr|ill.|illegitimate}}) * [[Alexandre Colonna-Walewski]] ({{Abbr|ill.|illegitimate}}) }} | issue-link = #Children | issue-pipe = more... | full name = Napoléon Bonaparte | house = [[House of Bonaparte|Bonaparte]] | signature = File:Firma Napoleón Bonaparte.svg }} == Asay ngon neubeuët == [[Beureukaih:Carlo_Buonaparte.jpg|jmpl|lurus|Ayah Napolèon, [[Carlo Bounaparté]] nakeuh waki Korsika di Keurajaan [[Louis XVI]].]] Napolèon Bonaparté aneuk numbôy dua nibak tujôh meusyèdara. Jih lahé di [[Casa Bounaparte]], di banda [[Ajaccio]], Korsika, bak uroë 15 buleuën Lapan thôn 1769, saboh thôn lheuëh jipulang [[Rèpublik Genova]] keu [[Peurancih]].<ref>McLynn 1998, p.6</ref> Jih lahè ngön nan ''Napoleone di Bounaparté'', nyang dudoë jiubah jeuët keu ''Napolèon Bonaparté'' nyang leubèh meubèë Peurancih.{{#tag:ref|Napoleon geukheun ''Nabolione'' lam [[Bahsa Korsika]].<ref>Asprey 2000, p.4</ref>|group=note}} Keuluarga Bounaparté saboh keuluarga ulèë balang nyang teuka dari [[Italia]], nyang geuwèh u Korsika bak abad keu-16/<ref>McLynn 1998, h.2</ref> Ayahjih, ''Nobile'' [[Carlo Bounaparté]], sidroë peungacara, tom jeuët keu waki Korsika watèë [[Louis XVI]] meukuasa bak thôn 1777. Majih nan Maria [[Letizia Ramolino]]. Jih na sidroë aduën, [[Joseph Bonaparté|Joseph]]; ngon 5 adoë, nakeuh [[Lucien Bonaparté|Lucien]], [[Elisa Bonaparté|Elisa]], [[Louis Bonaparté|Louis]], [[Pauline Bonaparté|Pauline]], [[Caroline Bonaparté|Caroline]], ngön [[Jérôme Bonaparté|Jérôme]]. Napolèon ji baptis seubagai [[Geurija Katolik Roma|katolik]] padum-padum uroë seugolom meuulang thôn nyang keudua, pah that bak uroë 21 buleuën Tujôh thôn 1771 di [[Katèdral Ajaccio]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.napoleon.org/en/magazine/museums/files/Cathedral-Ajaccio.asp|title=Cathedral—Ajaccio|publisher=La Fondation Napoléon|accessdate=2008-05-31}}</ref> Meu ulèë balang, kaya, seureuta hubôngan keuluargajih nyang luah jeuët keu na Napolèon ubeuet kri peuluweuëng nyang luah bak jak beuët sampoë tingkat nyang manyang.<ref>Cronin 1994, p.27</ref> Bak buleuën Sa thôn 1779, Napolèon jidapeuta bak saboh sikula agama di [[Autun]], Peurancih, meukeusud keujijak meurunoë [[bahsa Peurancih]], ngön bak buleuën Limöng jih jidapeuta lom bak saboh sikula mayang militè di [[Brienne-le-Château]]. Bak sikula, jih jimeututô ngon lugat narit Korsika nyang that meuklok sampoë jih kayém jikheun keuh lé ngön-ngön jih; seubab nyan keuh jih ka that sunggôh bak jimeurunoë.<ref>McLynn 1998, p.18</ref> Napolèon carong bak éleumèë matematika, ngön that meuphôm lam éleumèë seujarah ngon éleumèë bumoë.<ref>Asprey 2000, p.13</ref> Lheuëh seuleusoë bak neubeuët nyan laju jisambông neubeuët u Brienne bak thôn 1784, Napolèon jidapeuta bak sikula hayeuë [[École Militaire]] di Paris. Disinan jih jilatih jeuët keu sidroë pang [[artileri]]. Watèë meusikula disinan, ayahjih meuninggai. Jih pih ék seuleusoë bak sikula nyan lam sithôn, bak kri nyang biasa sikula nyan barô keuh seuleusoë dua thôn. Jih jiujoë lé sidroë ahli that hayeuë masa nyan [[Pierre-Simon Laplace]], nyang bak masa lheuëh nyan jitunyok lé Napolèon jeuët keu anggèta [[senat]].<ref>McLynn 1998, p.26</ref> == Karier militè == [[Beureukaih:Jacques-Louis_David_007.jpg|ka|200px|jmpl|Gamba nyang that jithèë ''[[Napoleon Meulingkeuë Alpèn]]'', peuneugot [[Jacques-Louis David]].]] Jih jeuët keu murib bak sikula manyang militè [[Brienne]] thôn [[1779]] bak umu 10 thôn, ngön that carong sampoë Napolèon jeuët lulôh bak sikula manyang nyan bak umu 15 thôn. Karier militèjih jiék ngon bagah lheuëh jih asé jipeuseungap gabuëk nyang jipeugot lé kawôm meudukông royalis ngon kri nyang jeuët that gura: jitimbak meuriam di banda [[Paris]] dari ateuëh meunara. Keujadian nyan thôn [[1795]] bak watèë Napolèon umu 26 thôn. Meumacam prang asé jipeumeunang droëjih, nibak laén prang meulawan [[Austria]] ngön [[Prusia]]. == Masa meujaya == Lam masa jayajih, Napolèon Bonaparté jikuasa rab mandum tanöh [[Iërupa|Eropa]] got ngön diplomasi atawa ngon muprang. Nibak laén nakeuh [[Beulanda]] ngön jibeuôt adoëjih [[Louis Napolèon]],[[Spanyol]] ngön jibeuôt Joseph Napolèon, [[Swedia]] ngön jibeuôt [[Jenderal Bernadotte]] seubagoë raja nyang lheuëh nyan teuma meukhianat, lam bagi rayek wilayah [[Italia]] nyang jireubôt dari Austria ngön [[Polandia]] ngön jibeuôt [[Joseph Poniatowski]] seubagoë wali neugara Polandia. == Meunikah == Napolèon jimeunikah ngön sidroë inöng balèë [[Joséphine de Beauharnais]], lam meurumöh tangga Napolèon peunöh ngön hana peucaya ngön buët meukhianat binoë, lagèë nyang hubôngan Napolèon ngön dara [[Polandia]] [[Maria Walewska]] sampoë akhéjih Joséphine jeuët keu peurumöh seutia. Meudalèh ngön umu nyang leubèh tuha, Joséphine hana meukeuturônan bak Napolèon nyang dudoë jitaleuëk. Lheuëh nyan meunikah lom Napolèon ngon Putroë Kaisar Austria [[Marie Louise]] putroë dari Kaisar [[Francois I]] nyang geuikat hubôngan sikutu Austria ngön Peurancih, paunikah putroë nyan ngön Napolèon nakeuh akai peudana meuntroë [[Matternich]] bah seulamat nanggroë Austria. Hubôngan meunikah nyan meuakhé ngön talô Napolèon nyang keuphôn. Lam talô nyan ka rhet banda [[Paris]] seubab jiprang lé [[Rusia]], [[Austria]] ngön [[Prusia]] Napolèon jidrop ngon ji peuwèh keudéh u pulo [[Elba]]. Marie Louise laju jipuwoë lé ayahjih u [[Wina]]. == Pusaka == [[Beureukaih:Jean-Léon Gérôme - Bonaparte Before the Sphinx.jpg|jmpl|ka|300px|''Bonaparte Before the Sphinx,'' (1868) jigamba lé Jean-Léon Gérôme, Hearst Castle]] === Prang === Lam organisasi militè, Napolèon jipeuturi istilah korps, nyang na nibak meusapat divisi. Jipeugot korps nyoë jidukông cit lé rayek that ureuëng watèë nyan nyang jak dapeuta jeuët keu teuntra, sampoë ka ramèë that-that teuntra jeuët keu jipeugot unit teuntra nyang leubèh rayek nibak divisi. Napolèon jituri cit ngon meupeuguna artileri meurayek-rayek bak peuhancô musôh, hana harok jih jipeuguna teuntra infantri langsông. Lam jipilh artileri pih jih galak keu artileri nyang glah bak meugrak bah jeuët keu saboh kri meupeusiblah droë lam prang. Saboh artileri nyang that jigalak nakeuh [[meuriam]] [[Sistem Thôn XI]] nyang seubeutôijih leubèh nibak kri inovasi dari meuriam [[Sistem Gribeauval]]. === Kritik === Hana mandum cit prang asé meunang jih. Talô jih bak keuneuk kuasa tanöh [[Mesir]] nyang akibatjih suah meukeuë-keuë teuntra Peurancih meulawan [[Inggréh]], [[Keusultanan Mamluk|Mamluk]] ngön [[Keusultanan Utsmaniyah|Utsmani]]. Adak pih lam gurôn, Napolèon asé jipeutalô teuntra gabôngan Keusultanan Utsmani ngön Keusultanan Mamluk lam [[Prang Piramida]], tapi padum-padum uroë lheuëh nyan Peurancih talô bak meulawan Inggréh lam prang di Teluk Abukir. Armada Horatio Nelson (Lakseumana Inggréh) nyang keudua go jih meupeutalô armada Peurancih. Go nyoë lam prang di laôt Trafalgar antara armada Peurancis-Spanyol nyang jipimpin lé Lakseumana Villeneuve ngön armada [[Britania Raya]] nyang jipimpin lé Lakseumana Nelson, adak pih Nelson maté lam prang nyan keunong timbak bak teuntra seunapan Peurancih. Talô lom Napolèon bak jak prang [[Rusia]] seubab hayeuë that ngon carong that kri strategi Jenderal Mikhail Kutuzov ngön Tsar Aleksandr I dari Rusia lam jilawan teuntra Peurancih ngön jimanfa'at keuneunöng leupië Rusia nyang jeuët peumaté ureuëng nyan ban leupië jih. Watèe nyan Napolèon talô seubab jikhianat lé Raja Swedia, Jendral Bernadotte. Strategi Rusia lam hai nyoë nakeuh jitet banda [[Moskow]] lheuëh Napolèon asé peutaklôk banda nyan lam prang nyang that brat di Borodino. Ngön talô di Rusia habéh keuh karier jih seubagoë Kaisar Peurancih lheuëh nyan na jiwèh u pulo Elba ngön jigisa u Peurancih 100 uroë, lheuëh nyan talô lom lam prang Waterloo watèë meurumpok ngon pasukan Inggréh nyang jipimpin lé Jenderal Blucher. Talô disinan Napolèon nyang ka meunyeurah jiboh keudéh u pulo [[Saint Helena]] sampoë maté jih. == Referensi == === Catatan meuyub === {{reflist|2}} === Dapeuta kitab === * {{Cite book|title=Life of Napoleon Bonaparte|last=Abbott|first=John|isbn=1-4179-7063-4|publisher=Kessinger Publishing|year=2005}} * {{Cite book|first=Ken|last=Alder|title=The Measure of All Things—The Seven-Year Odyssey and Hidden Error That Transformed the World|publisher=[[Free Press (publisher)|Free Press]]|year=2002|isbn=0-7432-1675-X}} * {{Cite book|last=Alter|first=Peter|title=Unity and Diversity in European Culture c. 1800|editor=[[T. C. W. Blanning]] and [[Hagen Schulze]]|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2006|isbn=0-19-726382-8}} * {{Cite book|title=Napoleon and Persia|first=Iradj|last=Amini|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=n5IOAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA12|year=2000|isbn=0-934211-58-2|publisher=Taylor & Francis}} * {{Cite book|title=World History of Warfare|first=Christon I.|last=Archer|coauthors=John R. 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web|url=http://www.historytoday.com/MainArticle.aspx?m=31103&amid=30222626|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080425054948/http://www.historytoday.com/MainArticle.aspx?m=31103&amid=30222626|archivedate=25 April 2008|title=Napoleon's Last Journey|publisher=History Today|accessdate=12 July 2008|last=Woodward|first=Chris|issue=7|year=2005|month=July}} == Catatan gaki == <references group="note"/> == Peunawôt luwa == {{wikiquote}} * {{en}} [http://www.napoleon.org/en/home.asp Napoleon.org] * {{en}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20130520075443/http://www.napoleonexhibit.com/ NapoleonExhibit.com] {{Kotak_mulai}} {{S-off}} {{succession box | title = [[Daftar Raja Perancis|Raja Perancis]] | years = [[1804]]-[[1814]] | before = [[Louis XVII dari Perancis|Louis XVII]] <br /> <small>de facto</small> | after = [[Louis XVIII dari Perancis|Louis XVIII]]}} {{succession box | title = [[Daftar Raja Perancis|Raja Perancis]] | years = [[1815]]-[[1815]] | before = [[Louis XVIII dari Perancis|Louis XVIII]] | after = [[Louis XVIII dari Perancis|Louis XVIII]]}} {{Kotak_selesai}} {{raja Peurancih}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Bonaparte, Napoleon}} {{Commonscat|Napoleon I of France}} [[Kawan:Tokoh keturunan Italia]] [[Kawan:Kaisar Perancis]] [[Kawan:100 Tokoh menurut Michael H. Hart]] [[Kawan:Raja Italia]] mj3vfcvspc2aueeake415gdnkkvcsag 157860 157859 2026-04-22T06:59:58Z Tinta Emas Historia Network 33174 157860 wikitext text/x-wiki {{{Infobox royalty | name = Napoleon | image = Jacques-Louis David - The Emperor Napoleon in His Study at the Tuileries - Google Art Project.jpg | alt = Portrait of Napoleon in his late thirties, in white and dark blue military dress uniform. His hair is cropped close but with a short fringe in front, and his right hand is tucked in his waistcoat. | caption = ''[[The Emperor Napoleon in His Study at the Tuileries]]'' (1812) | succession = Raja Peurancéh | reign = 18 May 1804 – {{nowrap|6 April 1814}} | reign-type = Neumat kuwasa phôn | reign-type1 = Neumat kuwasa keuduwa | reign1 = 20 March 1815 – 22 June 1815 {{Infobox officeholder | embed = yes | office = Konsul phôn Reupublik Peurancéh | term_start = 13 December 1799 | term_end = 18 May 1804 | office1 = Konsul si'at Reupublik Peurancéh | term_start1 = 10 November 1799 | term_end1 = 12 December 1799 {{Collapsed infobox section begin|Neumat buët la'én|titlestyle = border:1px dashed lightgrey}} | office2 = Peulindông Konpederasi Rhine | term_start2 = 12 July 1806 | term_end2 = 19 October 1813 | office3 = Raja Itali | term_start3 = 17 March 1805 | term_end3 = 6 April 1814 | office4 = Peuneungoh Konpederasi Swis | term_start4 = 19 February 1803 | term_end4 = 19 October 1813 | office5 = Presiden Reupublik Itali | term_start5 = 26 January 1802 | term_end5 = 17 March 1805 {{Collapsed infobox section end}} }} | birth_name = Napoleone di Buonaparte | birth_date = {{birth date|1769|8|15|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[Ajaccio]], Corsica, Peuranceh | death_date = {{death date and age|1821|5|5|1769|8|15|df=yes}} | death_place = [[Longwood, Saint Helena]] | burial_date = 15 December 1840 | burial_place = {{lang|fr|[[Les Invalides]]|italic=no}}, Paris, France | spouses = {{plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Joséphine de Beauharnais]]|9 March 1796|10 January 1810|end={{abbr|ann.|annulled}}}} * {{marriage|[[Marie Louise of Austria]]|11 March 1810|1814|end={{abbr|sep.|separated}}}}}} | issue = {{plainlist| * [[Napoleon II]] * [[Charles Léon]] ({{Abbr|ill.|illegitimate}}) * [[Alexandre Colonna-Walewski]] ({{Abbr|ill.|illegitimate}}) }} | issue-link = #Children | issue-pipe = more... | full name = Napoléon Bonaparte | house = [[House of Bonaparte|Bonaparte]] | signature = File:Firma Napoleón Bonaparte.svg }} == Asay ngon neubeuët == [[Beureukaih:Carlo_Buonaparte.jpg|jmpl|lurus|Ayah Napolèon, [[Carlo Bounaparté]] nakeuh waki Korsika di Keurajaan [[Louis XVI]].]] Napolèon Bonaparté aneuk numbôy dua nibak tujôh meusyèdara. Jih lahé di [[Casa Bounaparte]], di banda [[Ajaccio]], Korsika, bak uroë 15 buleuën Lapan thôn 1769, saboh thôn lheuëh jipulang [[Rèpublik Genova]] keu [[Peurancih]].<ref>McLynn 1998, p.6</ref> Jih lahè ngön nan ''Napoleone di Bounaparté'', nyang dudoë jiubah jeuët keu ''Napolèon Bonaparté'' nyang leubèh meubèë Peurancih.{{#tag:ref|Napoleon geukheun ''Nabolione'' lam [[Bahsa Korsika]].<ref>Asprey 2000, p.4</ref>|group=note}} Keuluarga Bounaparté saboh keuluarga ulèë balang nyang teuka dari [[Italia]], nyang geuwèh u Korsika bak abad keu-16/<ref>McLynn 1998, h.2</ref> Ayahjih, ''Nobile'' [[Carlo Bounaparté]], sidroë peungacara, tom jeuët keu waki Korsika watèë [[Louis XVI]] meukuasa bak thôn 1777. Majih nan Maria [[Letizia Ramolino]]. Jih na sidroë aduën, [[Joseph Bonaparté|Joseph]]; ngon 5 adoë, nakeuh [[Lucien Bonaparté|Lucien]], [[Elisa Bonaparté|Elisa]], [[Louis Bonaparté|Louis]], [[Pauline Bonaparté|Pauline]], [[Caroline Bonaparté|Caroline]], ngön [[Jérôme Bonaparté|Jérôme]]. Napolèon ji baptis seubagai [[Geurija Katolik Roma|katolik]] padum-padum uroë seugolom meuulang thôn nyang keudua, pah that bak uroë 21 buleuën Tujôh thôn 1771 di [[Katèdral Ajaccio]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.napoleon.org/en/magazine/museums/files/Cathedral-Ajaccio.asp|title=Cathedral—Ajaccio|publisher=La Fondation Napoléon|accessdate=2008-05-31}}</ref> Meu ulèë balang, kaya, seureuta hubôngan keuluargajih nyang luah jeuët keu na Napolèon ubeuet kri peuluweuëng nyang luah bak jak beuët sampoë tingkat nyang manyang.<ref>Cronin 1994, p.27</ref> Bak buleuën Sa thôn 1779, Napolèon jidapeuta bak saboh sikula agama di [[Autun]], Peurancih, meukeusud keujijak meurunoë [[bahsa Peurancih]], ngön bak buleuën Limöng jih jidapeuta lom bak saboh sikula mayang militè di [[Brienne-le-Château]]. Bak sikula, jih jimeututô ngon lugat narit Korsika nyang that meuklok sampoë jih kayém jikheun keuh lé ngön-ngön jih; seubab nyan keuh jih ka that sunggôh bak jimeurunoë.<ref>McLynn 1998, p.18</ref> Napolèon carong bak éleumèë matematika, ngön that meuphôm lam éleumèë seujarah ngon éleumèë bumoë.<ref>Asprey 2000, p.13</ref> Lheuëh seuleusoë bak neubeuët nyan laju jisambông neubeuët u Brienne bak thôn 1784, Napolèon jidapeuta bak sikula hayeuë [[École Militaire]] di Paris. Disinan jih jilatih jeuët keu sidroë pang [[artileri]]. Watèë meusikula disinan, ayahjih meuninggai. Jih pih ék seuleusoë bak sikula nyan lam sithôn, bak kri nyang biasa sikula nyan barô keuh seuleusoë dua thôn. Jih jiujoë lé sidroë ahli that hayeuë masa nyan [[Pierre-Simon Laplace]], nyang bak masa lheuëh nyan jitunyok lé Napolèon jeuët keu anggèta [[senat]].<ref>McLynn 1998, p.26</ref> == Karier militè == [[Beureukaih:Jacques-Louis_David_007.jpg|ka|200px|jmpl|Gamba nyang that jithèë ''[[Napoleon Meulingkeuë Alpèn]]'', peuneugot [[Jacques-Louis David]].]] Jih jeuët keu murib bak sikula manyang militè [[Brienne]] thôn [[1779]] bak umu 10 thôn, ngön that carong sampoë Napolèon jeuët lulôh bak sikula manyang nyan bak umu 15 thôn. Karier militèjih jiék ngon bagah lheuëh jih asé jipeuseungap gabuëk nyang jipeugot lé kawôm meudukông royalis ngon kri nyang jeuët that gura: jitimbak meuriam di banda [[Paris]] dari ateuëh meunara. Keujadian nyan thôn [[1795]] bak watèë Napolèon umu 26 thôn. Meumacam prang asé jipeumeunang droëjih, nibak laén prang meulawan [[Austria]] ngön [[Prusia]]. == Masa meujaya == Lam masa jayajih, Napolèon Bonaparté jikuasa rab mandum tanöh [[Iërupa|Eropa]] got ngön diplomasi atawa ngon muprang. Nibak laén nakeuh [[Beulanda]] ngön jibeuôt adoëjih [[Louis Napolèon]],[[Spanyol]] ngön jibeuôt Joseph Napolèon, [[Swedia]] ngön jibeuôt [[Jenderal Bernadotte]] seubagoë raja nyang lheuëh nyan teuma meukhianat, lam bagi rayek wilayah [[Italia]] nyang jireubôt dari Austria ngön [[Polandia]] ngön jibeuôt [[Joseph Poniatowski]] seubagoë wali neugara Polandia. == Meunikah == Napolèon jimeunikah ngön sidroë inöng balèë [[Joséphine de Beauharnais]], lam meurumöh tangga Napolèon peunöh ngön hana peucaya ngön buët meukhianat binoë, lagèë nyang hubôngan Napolèon ngön dara [[Polandia]] [[Maria Walewska]] sampoë akhéjih Joséphine jeuët keu peurumöh seutia. Meudalèh ngön umu nyang leubèh tuha, Joséphine hana meukeuturônan bak Napolèon nyang dudoë jitaleuëk. Lheuëh nyan meunikah lom Napolèon ngon Putroë Kaisar Austria [[Marie Louise]] putroë dari Kaisar [[Francois I]] nyang geuikat hubôngan sikutu Austria ngön Peurancih, paunikah putroë nyan ngön Napolèon nakeuh akai peudana meuntroë [[Matternich]] bah seulamat nanggroë Austria. Hubôngan meunikah nyan meuakhé ngön talô Napolèon nyang keuphôn. Lam talô nyan ka rhet banda [[Paris]] seubab jiprang lé [[Rusia]], [[Austria]] ngön [[Prusia]] Napolèon jidrop ngon ji peuwèh keudéh u pulo [[Elba]]. Marie Louise laju jipuwoë lé ayahjih u [[Wina]]. == Pusaka == [[Beureukaih:Jean-Léon Gérôme - Bonaparte Before the Sphinx.jpg|jmpl|ka|300px|''Bonaparte Before the Sphinx,'' (1868) jigamba lé Jean-Léon Gérôme, Hearst Castle]] === Prang === Lam organisasi militè, Napolèon jipeuturi istilah korps, nyang na nibak meusapat divisi. Jipeugot korps nyoë jidukông cit lé rayek that ureuëng watèë nyan nyang jak dapeuta jeuët keu teuntra, sampoë ka ramèë that-that teuntra jeuët keu jipeugot unit teuntra nyang leubèh rayek nibak divisi. Napolèon jituri cit ngon meupeuguna artileri meurayek-rayek bak peuhancô musôh, hana harok jih jipeuguna teuntra infantri langsông. Lam jipilh artileri pih jih galak keu artileri nyang glah bak meugrak bah jeuët keu saboh kri meupeusiblah droë lam prang. Saboh artileri nyang that jigalak nakeuh [[meuriam]] [[Sistem Thôn XI]] nyang seubeutôijih leubèh nibak kri inovasi dari meuriam [[Sistem Gribeauval]]. === Kritik === Hana mandum cit prang asé meunang jih. Talô jih bak keuneuk kuasa tanöh [[Mesir]] nyang akibatjih suah meukeuë-keuë teuntra Peurancih meulawan [[Inggréh]], [[Keusultanan Mamluk|Mamluk]] ngön [[Keusultanan Utsmaniyah|Utsmani]]. Adak pih lam gurôn, Napolèon asé jipeutalô teuntra gabôngan Keusultanan Utsmani ngön Keusultanan Mamluk lam [[Prang Piramida]], tapi padum-padum uroë lheuëh nyan Peurancih talô bak meulawan Inggréh lam prang di Teluk Abukir. Armada Horatio Nelson (Lakseumana Inggréh) nyang keudua go jih meupeutalô armada Peurancih. Go nyoë lam prang di laôt Trafalgar antara armada Peurancis-Spanyol nyang jipimpin lé Lakseumana Villeneuve ngön armada [[Britania Raya]] nyang jipimpin lé Lakseumana Nelson, adak pih Nelson maté lam prang nyan keunong timbak bak teuntra seunapan Peurancih. Talô lom Napolèon bak jak prang [[Rusia]] seubab hayeuë that ngon carong that kri strategi Jenderal Mikhail Kutuzov ngön Tsar Aleksandr I dari Rusia lam jilawan teuntra Peurancih ngön jimanfa'at keuneunöng leupië Rusia nyang jeuët peumaté ureuëng nyan ban leupië jih. Watèe nyan Napolèon talô seubab jikhianat lé Raja Swedia, Jendral Bernadotte. Strategi Rusia lam hai nyoë nakeuh jitet banda [[Moskow]] lheuëh Napolèon asé peutaklôk banda nyan lam prang nyang that brat di Borodino. Ngön talô di Rusia habéh keuh karier jih seubagoë Kaisar Peurancih lheuëh nyan na jiwèh u pulo Elba ngön jigisa u Peurancih 100 uroë, lheuëh nyan talô lom lam prang Waterloo watèë meurumpok ngon pasukan Inggréh nyang jipimpin lé Jenderal Blucher. Talô disinan Napolèon nyang ka meunyeurah jiboh keudéh u pulo [[Saint Helena]] sampoë maté jih. == Referensi == === Catatan meuyub === {{reflist|2}} === Dapeuta kitab === * {{Cite book|title=Life of Napoleon Bonaparte|last=Abbott|first=John|isbn=1-4179-7063-4|publisher=Kessinger Publishing|year=2005}} * {{Cite book|first=Ken|last=Alder|title=The Measure of All Things—The Seven-Year Odyssey and Hidden Error That Transformed the World|publisher=[[Free Press (publisher)|Free Press]]|year=2002|isbn=0-7432-1675-X}} * {{Cite book|last=Alter|first=Peter|title=Unity and Diversity in European Culture c. 1800|editor=[[T. C. W. Blanning]] and [[Hagen Schulze]]|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2006|isbn=0-19-726382-8}} * {{Cite book|title=Napoleon and Persia|first=Iradj|last=Amini|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=n5IOAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA12|year=2000|isbn=0-934211-58-2|publisher=Taylor & Francis}} * {{Cite book|title=World History of Warfare|first=Christon I.|last=Archer|coauthors=John R. 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* {{Cite book|title=Tricolor and crescent|first=William|last=Watson|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=o4vrUbMK5eEC&pg=PA13|isbn= 0-275-97470-7|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|accessdate=12 June 2009|year=2003}} * {{Cite book|last=Wells|first=David|title=The Penguin Dictionary of Curious and Interesting Geometry|publisher=[[Penguin Books]]|isbn=0-14-011813-6|year=1992}} * {{Cite book|title=Napoleon's Submarine|year=1972|last=Wilkins|first=William|isbn=0-450-01028-7|publisher=New English Library|origyear=1944}} * {{Cite journal|last=Wilson|first=J|date=2 August 1975|title=Dr. Archibald Arnott: Surgeon to the 20th Foot and Physician to Napoleon|journal=[[British Medical Journal]]|issue=vol.3|accessdate=7 June 2008|pmc=1674241|pmid=1097047|volume=3|pages=293–5|doi=10.1136/bmj.3.5978.293}} * {{Cite book|last=Wood|first=Philip|title=The Law and Practice of International Finance Series|publisher=Sweet & Maxwell|year=2007|isbn=1-84703-210-9}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.historytoday.com/MainArticle.aspx?m=31103&amid=30222626|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080425054948/http://www.historytoday.com/MainArticle.aspx?m=31103&amid=30222626|archivedate=25 April 2008|title=Napoleon's Last Journey|publisher=History Today|accessdate=12 July 2008|last=Woodward|first=Chris|issue=7|year=2005|month=July}} == Catatan gaki == <references group="note"/> == Peunawôt luwa == {{wikiquote}} * {{en}} [http://www.napoleon.org/en/home.asp Napoleon.org] * {{en}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20130520075443/http://www.napoleonexhibit.com/ NapoleonExhibit.com] {{Kotak_mulai}} {{S-off}} {{succession box | title = [[Daftar Raja Perancis|Raja Perancis]] | years = [[1804]]-[[1814]] | before = [[Louis XVII dari Perancis|Louis XVII]] <br /> <small>de facto</small> | after = [[Louis XVIII dari Perancis|Louis XVIII]]}} {{succession box | title = [[Daftar Raja Perancis|Raja Perancis]] | years = [[1815]]-[[1815]] | before = [[Louis XVIII dari Perancis|Louis XVIII]] | after = [[Louis XVIII dari Perancis|Louis XVIII]]}} {{Kotak_selesai}} {{raja Peurancih}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Bonaparte, Napoleon}} {{Commonscat|Napoleon I of France}} [[Kawan:Tokoh keturunan Italia]] [[Kawan:Kaisar Perancis]] [[Kawan:100 Tokoh menurut Michael H. Hart]] [[Kawan:Raja Italia]] bpop8wcsdh8eopjlxk7uhpbo1q4oxvc 157861 157860 2026-04-22T07:07:22Z Tinta Emas Historia Network 33174 157861 wikitext text/x-wiki {{{Infobox royalty | name = Napoleon | image = Jacques-Louis David - The Emperor Napoleon in His Study at the Tuileries - Google Art Project.jpg | alt = Portrait of Napoleon in his late thirties, in white and dark blue military dress uniform. His hair is cropped close but with a short fringe in front, and his right hand is tucked in his waistcoat. | caption = ''[[The Emperor Napoleon in His Study at the Tuileries]]'' (1812) | succession = Raja Peurancéh | reign = 18 May 1804 – {{nowrap|6 April 1814}} | reign-type = Neumat kuwasa phôn | reign-type1 = Neumat kuwasa keuduwa | reign1 = 20 March 1815 – 22 June 1815 {{Infobox officeholder | embed = yes | office = Konsul phôn Reupublik Peurancéh | term_start = 13 December 1799 | term_end = 18 May 1804 | office1 = Konsul si'at Reupublik Peurancéh | term_start1 = 10 November 1799 | term_end1 = 12 December 1799 {{Collapsed infobox section begin|Neumat buët la'én|titlestyle = border:1px dashed lightgrey}} | office2 = Peulindông Konpederasi Rhine | term_start2 = 12 July 1806 | term_end2 = 19 October 1813 | office3 = Raja Itali | term_start3 = 17 March 1805 | term_end3 = 6 April 1814 | office4 = Peuneungoh Konpederasi Swis | term_start4 = 19 February 1803 | term_end4 = 19 October 1813 | office5 = Presiden Reupublik Itali | term_start5 = 26 January 1802 | term_end5 = 17 March 1805 {{Collapsed infobox section end}} }} | birth_name = Napoleone di Buonaparte | birth_date = {{birth date|1769|8|15|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[Ajaccio]], Corsica, Peuranceh | death_date = {{death date and age|1821|5|5|1769|8|15|df=yes}} | death_place = [[Longwood, Saint Helena]] | burial_date = 15 December 1840 | burial_place = {{lang|fr|[[Les Invalides]]|italic=no}}, Paris, France | spouses = {{plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Joséphine de Beauharnais]]|9 March 1796|10 January 1810|end={{abbr|ann.|annulled}}}} * {{marriage|[[Marie Louise of Austria]]|11 March 1810|1814|end={{abbr|sep.|separated}}}}}} | issue = {{plainlist| * [[Napoleon II]] * [[Charles Léon]] ({{Abbr|ill.|illegitimate}}) * [[Alexandre Colonna-Walewski]] ({{Abbr|ill.|illegitimate}}) }} | issue-link = #Children | issue-pipe = La'én lom... | full name = Napoléon Bonaparte | house = [[House of Bonaparte|Bonaparte]] | signature = File:Firma Napoleón Bonaparte.svg }} == Asay ngon neubeuët == [[Beureukaih:Carlo_Buonaparte.jpg|jmpl|lurus|Ayah Napolèon, [[Carlo Bounaparté]] nakeuh waki Korsika di Keurajaan [[Louis XVI]].]] Napolèon Bonaparté aneuk numbôy dua nibak tujôh meusyèdara. Jih lahé di [[Casa Bounaparte]], di banda [[Ajaccio]], Korsika, bak uroë 15 buleuën Lapan thôn 1769, saboh thôn lheuëh jipulang [[Rèpublik Genova]] keu [[Peurancih]].<ref>McLynn 1998, p.6</ref> Jih lahè ngön nan ''Napoleone di Bounaparté'', nyang dudoë jiubah jeuët keu ''Napolèon Bonaparté'' nyang leubèh meubèë Peurancih.{{#tag:ref|Napoleon geukheun ''Nabolione'' lam [[Bahsa Korsika]].<ref>Asprey 2000, p.4</ref>|group=note}} Keuluarga Bounaparté saboh keuluarga ulèë balang nyang teuka dari [[Italia]], nyang geuwèh u Korsika bak abad keu-16/<ref>McLynn 1998, h.2</ref> Ayahjih, ''Nobile'' [[Carlo Bounaparté]], sidroë peungacara, tom jeuët keu waki Korsika watèë [[Louis XVI]] meukuasa bak thôn 1777. Majih nan Maria [[Letizia Ramolino]]. Jih na sidroë aduën, [[Joseph Bonaparté|Joseph]]; ngon 5 adoë, nakeuh [[Lucien Bonaparté|Lucien]], [[Elisa Bonaparté|Elisa]], [[Louis Bonaparté|Louis]], [[Pauline Bonaparté|Pauline]], [[Caroline Bonaparté|Caroline]], ngön [[Jérôme Bonaparté|Jérôme]]. Napolèon ji baptis seubagai [[Geurija Katolik Roma|katolik]] padum-padum uroë seugolom meuulang thôn nyang keudua, pah that bak uroë 21 buleuën Tujôh thôn 1771 di [[Katèdral Ajaccio]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.napoleon.org/en/magazine/museums/files/Cathedral-Ajaccio.asp|title=Cathedral—Ajaccio|publisher=La Fondation Napoléon|accessdate=2008-05-31}}</ref> Meu ulèë balang, kaya, seureuta hubôngan keuluargajih nyang luah jeuët keu na Napolèon ubeuet kri peuluweuëng nyang luah bak jak beuët sampoë tingkat nyang manyang.<ref>Cronin 1994, p.27</ref> Bak buleuën Sa thôn 1779, Napolèon jidapeuta bak saboh sikula agama di [[Autun]], Peurancih, meukeusud keujijak meurunoë [[bahsa Peurancih]], ngön bak buleuën Limöng jih jidapeuta lom bak saboh sikula mayang militè di [[Brienne-le-Château]]. Bak sikula, jih jimeututô ngon lugat narit Korsika nyang that meuklok sampoë jih kayém jikheun keuh lé ngön-ngön jih; seubab nyan keuh jih ka that sunggôh bak jimeurunoë.<ref>McLynn 1998, p.18</ref> Napolèon carong bak éleumèë matematika, ngön that meuphôm lam éleumèë seujarah ngon éleumèë bumoë.<ref>Asprey 2000, p.13</ref> Lheuëh seuleusoë bak neubeuët nyan laju jisambông neubeuët u Brienne bak thôn 1784, Napolèon jidapeuta bak sikula hayeuë [[École Militaire]] di Paris. Disinan jih jilatih jeuët keu sidroë pang [[artileri]]. Watèë meusikula disinan, ayahjih meuninggai. Jih pih ék seuleusoë bak sikula nyan lam sithôn, bak kri nyang biasa sikula nyan barô keuh seuleusoë dua thôn. Jih jiujoë lé sidroë ahli that hayeuë masa nyan [[Pierre-Simon Laplace]], nyang bak masa lheuëh nyan jitunyok lé Napolèon jeuët keu anggèta [[senat]].<ref>McLynn 1998, p.26</ref> == Karier militè == [[Beureukaih:Jacques-Louis_David_007.jpg|ka|200px|jmpl|Gamba nyang that jithèë ''[[Napoleon Meulingkeuë Alpèn]]'', peuneugot [[Jacques-Louis David]].]] Jih jeuët keu murib bak sikula manyang militè [[Brienne]] thôn [[1779]] bak umu 10 thôn, ngön that carong sampoë Napolèon jeuët lulôh bak sikula manyang nyan bak umu 15 thôn. Karier militèjih jiék ngon bagah lheuëh jih asé jipeuseungap gabuëk nyang jipeugot lé kawôm meudukông royalis ngon kri nyang jeuët that gura: jitimbak meuriam di banda [[Paris]] dari ateuëh meunara. Keujadian nyan thôn [[1795]] bak watèë Napolèon umu 26 thôn. Meumacam prang asé jipeumeunang droëjih, nibak laén prang meulawan [[Austria]] ngön [[Prusia]]. == Masa meujaya == Lam masa jayajih, Napolèon Bonaparté jikuasa rab mandum tanöh [[Iërupa|Eropa]] got ngön diplomasi atawa ngon muprang. Nibak laén nakeuh [[Beulanda]] ngön jibeuôt adoëjih [[Louis Napolèon]],[[Spanyol]] ngön jibeuôt Joseph Napolèon, [[Swedia]] ngön jibeuôt [[Jenderal Bernadotte]] seubagoë raja nyang lheuëh nyan teuma meukhianat, lam bagi rayek wilayah [[Italia]] nyang jireubôt dari Austria ngön [[Polandia]] ngön jibeuôt [[Joseph Poniatowski]] seubagoë wali neugara Polandia. == Meunikah == Napolèon jimeunikah ngön sidroë inöng balèë [[Joséphine de Beauharnais]], lam meurumöh tangga Napolèon peunöh ngön hana peucaya ngön buët meukhianat binoë, lagèë nyang hubôngan Napolèon ngön dara [[Polandia]] [[Maria Walewska]] sampoë akhéjih Joséphine jeuët keu peurumöh seutia. Meudalèh ngön umu nyang leubèh tuha, Joséphine hana meukeuturônan bak Napolèon nyang dudoë jitaleuëk. Lheuëh nyan meunikah lom Napolèon ngon Putroë Kaisar Austria [[Marie Louise]] putroë dari Kaisar [[Francois I]] nyang geuikat hubôngan sikutu Austria ngön Peurancih, paunikah putroë nyan ngön Napolèon nakeuh akai peudana meuntroë [[Matternich]] bah seulamat nanggroë Austria. Hubôngan meunikah nyan meuakhé ngön talô Napolèon nyang keuphôn. Lam talô nyan ka rhet banda [[Paris]] seubab jiprang lé [[Rusia]], [[Austria]] ngön [[Prusia]] Napolèon jidrop ngon ji peuwèh keudéh u pulo [[Elba]]. Marie Louise laju jipuwoë lé ayahjih u [[Wina]]. == Pusaka == [[Beureukaih:Jean-Léon Gérôme - Bonaparte Before the Sphinx.jpg|jmpl|ka|300px|''Bonaparte Before the Sphinx,'' (1868) jigamba lé Jean-Léon Gérôme, Hearst Castle]] === Prang === Lam organisasi militè, Napolèon jipeuturi istilah korps, nyang na nibak meusapat divisi. Jipeugot korps nyoë jidukông cit lé rayek that ureuëng watèë nyan nyang jak dapeuta jeuët keu teuntra, sampoë ka ramèë that-that teuntra jeuët keu jipeugot unit teuntra nyang leubèh rayek nibak divisi. Napolèon jituri cit ngon meupeuguna artileri meurayek-rayek bak peuhancô musôh, hana harok jih jipeuguna teuntra infantri langsông. Lam jipilh artileri pih jih galak keu artileri nyang glah bak meugrak bah jeuët keu saboh kri meupeusiblah droë lam prang. Saboh artileri nyang that jigalak nakeuh [[meuriam]] [[Sistem Thôn XI]] nyang seubeutôijih leubèh nibak kri inovasi dari meuriam [[Sistem Gribeauval]]. === Kritik === Hana mandum cit prang asé meunang jih. Talô jih bak keuneuk kuasa tanöh [[Mesir]] nyang akibatjih suah meukeuë-keuë teuntra Peurancih meulawan [[Inggréh]], [[Keusultanan Mamluk|Mamluk]] ngön [[Keusultanan Utsmaniyah|Utsmani]]. Adak pih lam gurôn, Napolèon asé jipeutalô teuntra gabôngan Keusultanan Utsmani ngön Keusultanan Mamluk lam [[Prang Piramida]], tapi padum-padum uroë lheuëh nyan Peurancih talô bak meulawan Inggréh lam prang di Teluk Abukir. Armada Horatio Nelson (Lakseumana Inggréh) nyang keudua go jih meupeutalô armada Peurancih. Go nyoë lam prang di laôt Trafalgar antara armada Peurancis-Spanyol nyang jipimpin lé Lakseumana Villeneuve ngön armada [[Britania Raya]] nyang jipimpin lé Lakseumana Nelson, adak pih Nelson maté lam prang nyan keunong timbak bak teuntra seunapan Peurancih. Talô lom Napolèon bak jak prang [[Rusia]] seubab hayeuë that ngon carong that kri strategi Jenderal Mikhail Kutuzov ngön Tsar Aleksandr I dari Rusia lam jilawan teuntra Peurancih ngön jimanfa'at keuneunöng leupië Rusia nyang jeuët peumaté ureuëng nyan ban leupië jih. Watèe nyan Napolèon talô seubab jikhianat lé Raja Swedia, Jendral Bernadotte. Strategi Rusia lam hai nyoë nakeuh jitet banda [[Moskow]] lheuëh Napolèon asé peutaklôk banda nyan lam prang nyang that brat di Borodino. Ngön talô di Rusia habéh keuh karier jih seubagoë Kaisar Peurancih lheuëh nyan na jiwèh u pulo Elba ngön jigisa u Peurancih 100 uroë, lheuëh nyan talô lom lam prang Waterloo watèë meurumpok ngon pasukan Inggréh nyang jipimpin lé Jenderal Blucher. Talô disinan Napolèon nyang ka meunyeurah jiboh keudéh u pulo [[Saint Helena]] sampoë maté jih. == Referensi == === Catatan meuyub === {{reflist|2}} === Dapeuta kitab === * {{Cite book|title=Life of Napoleon Bonaparte|last=Abbott|first=John|isbn=1-4179-7063-4|publisher=Kessinger Publishing|year=2005}} * {{Cite book|first=Ken|last=Alder|title=The Measure of All Things—The Seven-Year Odyssey and Hidden Error That Transformed the World|publisher=[[Free Press (publisher)|Free Press]]|year=2002|isbn=0-7432-1675-X}} * {{Cite book|last=Alter|first=Peter|title=Unity and Diversity in European Culture c. 1800|editor=[[T. C. W. Blanning]] and [[Hagen Schulze]]|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2006|isbn=0-19-726382-8}} * {{Cite book|title=Napoleon and Persia|first=Iradj|last=Amini|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=n5IOAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA12|year=2000|isbn=0-934211-58-2|publisher=Taylor & Francis}} * {{Cite book|title=World History of Warfare|first=Christon I.|last=Archer|coauthors=John R. 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* {{Cite book|title=Tricolor and crescent|first=William|last=Watson|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=o4vrUbMK5eEC&pg=PA13|isbn= 0-275-97470-7|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|accessdate=12 June 2009|year=2003}} * {{Cite book|last=Wells|first=David|title=The Penguin Dictionary of Curious and Interesting Geometry|publisher=[[Penguin Books]]|isbn=0-14-011813-6|year=1992}} * {{Cite book|title=Napoleon's Submarine|year=1972|last=Wilkins|first=William|isbn=0-450-01028-7|publisher=New English Library|origyear=1944}} * {{Cite journal|last=Wilson|first=J|date=2 August 1975|title=Dr. Archibald Arnott: Surgeon to the 20th Foot and Physician to Napoleon|journal=[[British Medical Journal]]|issue=vol.3|accessdate=7 June 2008|pmc=1674241|pmid=1097047|volume=3|pages=293–5|doi=10.1136/bmj.3.5978.293}} * {{Cite book|last=Wood|first=Philip|title=The Law and Practice of International Finance Series|publisher=Sweet & Maxwell|year=2007|isbn=1-84703-210-9}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.historytoday.com/MainArticle.aspx?m=31103&amid=30222626|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080425054948/http://www.historytoday.com/MainArticle.aspx?m=31103&amid=30222626|archivedate=25 April 2008|title=Napoleon's Last Journey|publisher=History Today|accessdate=12 July 2008|last=Woodward|first=Chris|issue=7|year=2005|month=July}} == Catatan gaki == <references group="note"/> == Peunawôt luwa == {{wikiquote}} * {{en}} [http://www.napoleon.org/en/home.asp Napoleon.org] * {{en}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20130520075443/http://www.napoleonexhibit.com/ NapoleonExhibit.com] {{Kotak_mulai}} {{S-off}} {{succession box | title = [[Daftar Raja Perancis|Raja Perancis]] | years = [[1804]]-[[1814]] | before = [[Louis XVII dari Perancis|Louis XVII]] <br /> <small>de facto</small> | after = [[Louis XVIII dari Perancis|Louis XVIII]]}} {{succession box | title = [[Daftar Raja Perancis|Raja Perancis]] | years = [[1815]]-[[1815]] | before = [[Louis XVIII dari Perancis|Louis XVIII]] | after = [[Louis XVIII dari Perancis|Louis XVIII]]}} {{Kotak_selesai}} {{raja Peurancih}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Bonaparte, Napoleon}} {{Commonscat|Napoleon I of France}} [[Kawan:Tokoh keturunan Italia]] [[Kawan:Kaisar Perancis]] [[Kawan:100 Tokoh menurut Michael H. Hart]] [[Kawan:Raja Italia]] a1iqn5i10as07qwl3j2rdmknc9xx2xg 0 8703 157829 157700 2026-04-22T03:32:11Z Tinta Emas Historia Network 33174 Tinta Emas Historia Network geupinah laman [[Alexander Agông]] u [[Alexander Rayek]] 157700 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox royalty |name = Aleksander Agông<br>Μέγας Αλέξανδρος |title = {{plainlist| * [[Basileus]] * [[Hegemoni|Hegemon]] [[Liga Korinthos|Liga Helen]] * [[Syah (gelar)|Syahansyah Iran]] * [[Peuraun]] [[Meusé|Meusé]] * [[Penguasa Asia]] }} |image = Napoli BW 2013-05-16 16-24-01.jpg |caption = Aleksander bertempur melawan [[Darius III dari Persia|Darius III]]. Dari [[Mozaik Aleksander]], [[Museum Arkeologi Nasional Napoli]] |full name = |native_lang1 = [[Bahasa Yunani|Julukan]] |native_lang1_name1 = {{plainlist | * Μέγας Ἀλέξανδρος{{efn|1=Nama ''Αλέξανδρος'' berasal dari kata kerja "ἀλέξω" (alexō), "menangkis, mencegah, membela"<ref>[http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Da%29le%2Fcw ἀλέξω] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190903142359/http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Da%29le%2Fcw |date=2019-09-03 }}, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'', di Perseus Digital Library</ref> dan kata benda "ἀνδρός" (andros), genitif dari "ἀνήρ" (anēr), "orang-orang"<ref>[http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Da%29nh%2Fr ἀνήρ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170512222607/http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Da%29nh%2Fr |date=2017-05-12 }}, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'', di Perseus Digital Library</ref> sehingga bermakna "pelindung orang-orang."<ref>{{cite web|accessdate=2009-12-11|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=Alexander&searchmode=none|title=Alexander|publisher=[[Online Etymology Dictionary]]|archive-date=2009-09-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090920175420/http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=Alexander&searchmode=none|dead-url=no}}</ref>}} (Mégas Aléxandros, Aleksander Agung) * Ἀλέξανδρος ὁ Μέγας (Aléxandros ho Mégas, Aleksander yang Agung) }} |succession = [[Daftar raja Makedonia kuno|Raja Makedonia]] |reign = 336–323 SM |predecessor = [[Filipus II dari Makedonia|Filipus II]] |successor = {{plainlist | * [[Filipus III dari Makedonia|Filipus III]] * [[Aleksander IV dari Makedonia|Aleksander IV]] }} |succession3 = [[Daftar penguasa Mesir kuno|Peuraun Meusé]] |reign3 = 332–323 SM |predecessor3 = [[Darius III]] |successor3 = {{plainlist | * [[Filipus III dari Makedonia|Filipus III]] * [[Aleksander IV dari Makedonia|Aleksander IV]] }} |succession4 = [[Daftar kepala monarki Iran#Argeadai Yunani (Makedonia)|Raja Diraja Iran]] |reign4 = 330–323 SM |predecessor4 = [[Darius III]] |successor4 = {{plainlist | * [[Filipus III dari Makedonia|Filipus III]] * [[Aleksander IV dari Makedonia|Aleksander IV]] }} |regent4 = [[Besos|Artahsasta V]] (330-329 SM) |reg-type4 = Pesaing |spouse = [[Roxana|Roxana dari Baktria]]<br>[[Stateira (putri Darius III)|Stateira dari Persia]]<br>[[Parysatis (putri Artahsasta III)|Parysatis dari Persia]] |issue = [[Aleksander IV dari Makedonia|Aleksander IV]] |house = [[Dinasti Argeadai|Argeadai]] |royal anthem = |father = [[Filipus II dari Makedonia|Filipus II]] |mother = [[Olimpias|Olimpias dari Epiros]] |birth_date = 20 atau 21 Juli 356 SM |birth_place = [[Pella]], Makedonia |death_date = 10 atau 11 Juni 323 SM (usia 32 tahun)<!--32 tahun, 10 bulan dan 20 hari (perkiraan)--> |death_place = [[Babilonia]] |religion = [[Agama di Yunani kuno|Politeisme Yunani]] }} [[Beureukaih:Napoli BW 2013-05-16 16-24-01.jpg|300px|ka|jmpl|Raja Alexander Agung]] [[Beureukaih:AlexanderTheGreat Bust Transparent.png|jmpl|250px|Raja Alexander Agung]] '''Alexander Agông''' ([[Bahasa Yunani]]: Μέγας Ἀλέξανδρος, Mégas Aléxandros) (Buleuen Siblah atawa Buleuen Duwa Blah 356 SM - 10 Buleuen Sikureueng 323 SM), geuhey cit '''Alexander III dari Makedonia''' nyang hareutoejih nakeuh Raja Makedon, nakeuh raja nibak thon 338 SM troh 'an thon 323 SM. == Asoë Leumah == <gallery> File:Alexander and Aristotle.jpg File:AlexanderAndLion.jpg </gallery> {{Commons|Alexander the Great|Alexander Agung}} == Nè == {{Commonscat|Alexander the Great}} [[Kawan:Makèdonia]] 5arq2fl9arjxrs18bxjmnsszfl53vjk 157833 157829 2026-04-22T03:33:13Z Tinta Emas Historia Network 33174 157833 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox royalty |name = Aleksander Agông<br>Μέγας Αλέξανδρος |title = {{plainlist| * [[Basileus]] * [[Hegemoni|Hegemon]] [[Liga Korinthos|Liga Helen]] * [[Syah (gelar)|Syahansyah Iran]] * [[Peuraun]] [[Meusé|Meusé]] * [[Penguasa Asia]] }} |image = Napoli BW 2013-05-16 16-24-01.jpg |caption = Aleksander bertempur melawan [[Darius III dari Persia|Darius III]]. Dari [[Mozaik Aleksander]], [[Museum Arkeologi Nasional Napoli]] |full name = |native_lang1 = [[Bahasa Yunani|Julukan]] |native_lang1_name1 = {{plainlist | * Μέγας Ἀλέξανδρος{{efn|1=Nama ''Αλέξανδρος'' berasal dari kata kerja "ἀλέξω" (alexō), "menangkis, mencegah, membela"<ref>[http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Da%29le%2Fcw ἀλέξω] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190903142359/http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Da%29le%2Fcw |date=2019-09-03 }}, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'', di Perseus Digital Library</ref> dan kata benda "ἀνδρός" (andros), genitif dari "ἀνήρ" (anēr), "orang-orang"<ref>[http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Da%29nh%2Fr ἀνήρ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170512222607/http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Da%29nh%2Fr |date=2017-05-12 }}, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'', di Perseus Digital Library</ref> sehingga bermakna "pelindung orang-orang."<ref>{{cite web|accessdate=2009-12-11|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=Alexander&searchmode=none|title=Alexander|publisher=[[Online Etymology Dictionary]]|archive-date=2009-09-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090920175420/http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=Alexander&searchmode=none|dead-url=no}}</ref>}} (Mégas Aléxandros, Aleksander Agung) * Ἀλέξανδρος ὁ Μέγας (Aléxandros ho Mégas, Aleksander yang Agung) }} |succession = [[Daftar raja Makedonia kuno|Raja Makedonia]] |reign = 336–323 SM |predecessor = [[Filipus II dari Makedonia|Filipus II]] |successor = {{plainlist | * [[Filipus III dari Makedonia|Filipus III]] * [[Aleksander IV dari Makedonia|Aleksander IV]] }} |succession3 = [[Daftar penguasa Mesir kuno|Peuraun Meusé]] |reign3 = 332–323 SM |predecessor3 = [[Darius III]] |successor3 = {{plainlist | * [[Filipus III dari Makedonia|Filipus III]] * [[Aleksander IV dari Makedonia|Aleksander IV]] }} |succession4 = [[Daftar kepala monarki Iran#Argeadai Yunani (Makedonia)|Raja Diraja Iran]] |reign4 = 330–323 SM |predecessor4 = [[Darius III]] |successor4 = {{plainlist | * [[Filipus III dari Makedonia|Filipus III]] * [[Aleksander IV dari Makedonia|Aleksander IV]] }} |regent4 = [[Besos|Artahsasta V]] (330-329 SM) |reg-type4 = Pesaing |spouse = [[Roxana|Roxana dari Baktria]]<br>[[Stateira (putri Darius III)|Stateira dari Persia]]<br>[[Parysatis (putri Artahsasta III)|Parysatis dari Persia]] |issue = [[Aleksander IV dari Makedonia|Aleksander IV]] |house = [[Dinasti Argeadai|Argeadai]] |royal anthem = |father = [[Filipus II dari Makedonia|Filipus II]] |mother = [[Olimpias|Olimpias dari Epiros]] |birth_date = 20 atau 21 Juli 356 SM |birth_place = [[Pella]], Makedonia |death_date = 10 atau 11 Juni 323 SM (usia 32 tahun)<!--32 tahun, 10 bulan dan 20 hari (perkiraan)--> |death_place = [[Babilonia]] |religion = [[Agama di Yunani kuno|Politeisme Yunani]] }} [[Beureukaih:Napoli BW 2013-05-16 16-24-01.jpg|300px|ka|jmpl|Raja Alexander Agung]] [[Beureukaih:AlexanderTheGreat Bust Transparent.png|jmpl|250px|Raja Alexander Agung]] '''Alexander Rayek''' ([[Bahasa Yunani]]: Μέγας Ἀλέξανδρος, Mégas Aléxandros) (Buleuen Siblah atawa Buleuen Duwa Blah 356 SM - 10 Buleuen Sikureueng 323 SM), geuhey cit '''Alexander III dari Makedonia''' nyang hareutoejih nakeuh Raja Makedon, nakeuh raja nibak thon 338 SM troh 'an thon 323 SM. == Asoë Leumah == <gallery> File:Alexander and Aristotle.jpg File:AlexanderAndLion.jpg </gallery> {{Commons|Alexander the Great|Alexander Agung}} == Nè == {{Commonscat|Alexander the Great}} [[Kawan:Makèdonia]] nb1nu61npxgm4w4180eqf6qlldejmza 157834 157833 2026-04-22T03:35:15Z Tinta Emas Historia Network 33174 157834 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox royalty |name = Aleksander Rayek<br>Μέγας Αλέξανδρος |title = {{plainlist| * [[Basileus]] * [[Hegemoni|Hegemon]] [[Liga Korinthos|Liga Helen]] * [[Syah (gelar)|Syahansyah Iran]] * [[Peuraun]] [[Meusé|Meusé]] * [[Penguasa Asia]] }} |image = Napoli BW 2013-05-16 16-24-01.jpg |caption = Aleksander geumuprang neulawan [[Darius III dari Persia|Darius III]]. Gamba dari [[Mozaik Aleksander]], di [[Musium Arkeologi Nasional Napoli]] |full name = |native_lang1 = [[Bahasa Yunani|Julukan]] |native_lang1_name1 = {{plainlist | * Μέγας Ἀλέξανδρος{{efn|1=Nama ''Αλέξανδρος'' berasal dari kata kerja "ἀλέξω" (alexō), "menangkis, mencegah, membela"<ref>[http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Da%29le%2Fcw ἀλέξω] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190903142359/http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Da%29le%2Fcw |date=2019-09-03 }}, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'', di Perseus Digital Library</ref> dan kata benda "ἀνδρός" (andros), genitif dari "ἀνήρ" (anēr), "orang-orang"<ref>[http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Da%29nh%2Fr ἀνήρ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170512222607/http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Da%29nh%2Fr |date=2017-05-12 }}, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'', di Perseus Digital Library</ref> sehingga bermakna "pelindung orang-orang."<ref>{{cite web|accessdate=2009-12-11|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=Alexander&searchmode=none|title=Alexander|publisher=[[Online Etymology Dictionary]]|archive-date=2009-09-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090920175420/http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=Alexander&searchmode=none|dead-url=no}}</ref>}} (Mégas Aléxandros, Aleksander Agung) * Ἀλέξανδρος ὁ Μέγας (Aléxandros ho Mégas, Aleksander yang Agung) }} |succession = [[Daftar raja Makedonia kuno|Raja Makedonia]] |reign = 336–323 SM |predecessor = [[Filipus II dari Makedonia|Filipus II]] |successor = {{plainlist | * [[Filipus III dari Makedonia|Filipus III]] * [[Aleksander IV dari Makedonia|Aleksander IV]] }} |succession3 = [[Daftar penguasa Mesir kuno|Peuraun Meusé]] |reign3 = 332–323 SM |predecessor3 = [[Darius III]] |successor3 = {{plainlist | * [[Filipus III dari Makedonia|Filipus III]] * [[Aleksander IV dari Makedonia|Aleksander IV]] }} |succession4 = [[Daftar kepala monarki Iran#Argeadai Yunani (Makedonia)|Raja Diraja Iran]] |reign4 = 330–323 SM |predecessor4 = [[Darius III]] |successor4 = {{plainlist | * [[Filipus III dari Makedonia|Filipus III]] * [[Aleksander IV dari Makedonia|Aleksander IV]] }} |regent4 = [[Besos|Artahsasta V]] (330-329 SM) |reg-type4 = Pesaing |spouse = [[Roxana|Roxana dari Baktria]]<br>[[Stateira (putri Darius III)|Stateira dari Persia]]<br>[[Parysatis (putri Artahsasta III)|Parysatis dari Persia]] |issue = [[Aleksander IV dari Makedonia|Aleksander IV]] |house = [[Dinasti Argeadai|Argeadai]] |royal anthem = |father = [[Filipus II dari Makedonia|Filipus II]] |mother = [[Olimpias|Olimpias dari Epiros]] |birth_date = 20 atau 21 Juli 356 SM |birth_place = [[Pella]], Makedonia |death_date = 10 atau 11 Juni 323 SM (usia 32 tahun)<!--32 tahun, 10 bulan dan 20 hari (perkiraan)--> |death_place = [[Babilonia]] |religion = [[Agama di Yunani kuno|Politeisme Yunani]] }} [[Beureukaih:Napoli BW 2013-05-16 16-24-01.jpg|300px|ka|jmpl|Raja Alexander Agung]] [[Beureukaih:AlexanderTheGreat Bust Transparent.png|jmpl|250px|Raja Alexander Agung]] '''Alexander Rayek''' ([[Bahasa Yunani]]: Μέγας Ἀλέξανδρος, Mégas Aléxandros) (Buleuen Siblah atawa Buleuen Duwa Blah 356 SM - 10 Buleuen Sikureueng 323 SM), geuhey cit '''Alexander III dari Makedonia''' nyang hareutoejih nakeuh Raja Makedon, nakeuh raja nibak thon 338 SM troh 'an thon 323 SM. == Asoë Leumah == <gallery> File:Alexander and Aristotle.jpg File:AlexanderAndLion.jpg </gallery> {{Commons|Alexander the Great|Alexander Agung}} == Nè == {{Commonscat|Alexander the Great}} [[Kawan:Makèdonia]] 209vl7kmfhfx5aig8jz792a83jm11n6 157835 157834 2026-04-22T03:36:51Z Tinta Emas Historia Network 33174 157835 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox royalty |name = Aleksander Rayek<br>Μέγας Αλέξανδρος |title = {{plainlist| * [[Basileus]] * [[Hegemoni|Hegemon]] [[Liga Korinthos|Liga Helen]] * [[Syah (gelar)|Syahansyah Iran]] * [[Peuraun]] [[Meusé|Meusé]] * [[Penguasa Asia]] }} |image = Napoli BW 2013-05-16 16-24-01.jpg |caption = Aleksander geumuprang neulawan [[Darius III dari Persia|Darius III]]. Gamba dari [[Mozaik Aleksander]], di [[Musium Arkeologi Nasional Napoli]] |full name = |native_lang1 = Julôkan |native_lang1_name1 = {{plainlist | * Μέγας Ἀλέξανδρος{{efn|1=Nama ''Αλέξανδρος'' berasal dari kata kerja "ἀλέξω" (alexō), "menangkis, mencegah, membela"<ref>[http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Da%29le%2Fcw ἀλέξω] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190903142359/http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Da%29le%2Fcw |date=2019-09-03 }}, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'', di Perseus Digital Library</ref> dan kata benda "ἀνδρός" (andros), genitif dari "ἀνήρ" (anēr), "orang-orang"<ref>[http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Da%29nh%2Fr ἀνήρ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170512222607/http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Da%29nh%2Fr |date=2017-05-12 }}, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'', di Perseus Digital Library</ref> sehingga bermakna "pelindung orang-orang."<ref>{{cite web|accessdate=2009-12-11|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=Alexander&searchmode=none|title=Alexander|publisher=[[Online Etymology Dictionary]]|archive-date=2009-09-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090920175420/http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=Alexander&searchmode=none|dead-url=no}}</ref>}} (Mégas Aléxandros, Aleksander Agung) * Ἀλέξανδρος ὁ Μέγας (Aléxandros ho Mégas, Aleksander yang Agung) }} |succession = [[Daftar raja Makedonia kuno|Raja Makedonia]] |reign = 336–323 SM |predecessor = [[Filipus II dari Makedonia|Filipus II]] |successor = {{plainlist | * [[Filipus III dari Makedonia|Filipus III]] * [[Aleksander IV dari Makedonia|Aleksander IV]] }} |succession3 = [[Daftar penguasa Mesir kuno|Peuraun Meusé]] |reign3 = 332–323 SM |predecessor3 = [[Darius III]] |successor3 = {{plainlist | * [[Filipus III dari Makedonia|Filipus III]] * [[Aleksander IV dari Makedonia|Aleksander IV]] }} |succession4 = [[Daftar kepala monarki Iran#Argeadai Yunani (Makedonia)|Raja Diraja Iran]] |reign4 = 330–323 SM |predecessor4 = [[Darius III]] |successor4 = {{plainlist | * [[Filipus III dari Makedonia|Filipus III]] * [[Aleksander IV dari Makedonia|Aleksander IV]] }} |regent4 = [[Besos|Artahsasta V]] (330-329 SM) |reg-type4 = Pesaing |spouse = [[Roxana|Roxana dari Baktria]]<br>[[Stateira (putri Darius III)|Stateira dari Persia]]<br>[[Parysatis (putri Artahsasta III)|Parysatis dari Persia]] |issue = [[Aleksander IV dari Makedonia|Aleksander IV]] |house = [[Dinasti Argeadai|Argeadai]] |royal anthem = |father = [[Filipus II dari Makedonia|Filipus II]] |mother = [[Olimpias|Olimpias dari Epiros]] |birth_date = 20 atau 21 Juli 356 SM |birth_place = [[Pella]], Makedonia |death_date = 10 atau 11 Juni 323 SM (usia 32 tahun)<!--32 tahun, 10 bulan dan 20 hari (perkiraan)--> |death_place = [[Babilonia]] |religion = [[Agama di Yunani kuno|Politeisme Yunani]] }} [[Beureukaih:Napoli BW 2013-05-16 16-24-01.jpg|300px|ka|jmpl|Raja Alexander Agung]] [[Beureukaih:AlexanderTheGreat Bust Transparent.png|jmpl|250px|Raja Alexander Agung]] '''Alexander Rayek''' ([[Bahasa Yunani]]: Μέγας Ἀλέξανδρος, Mégas Aléxandros) (Buleuen Siblah atawa Buleuen Duwa Blah 356 SM - 10 Buleuen Sikureueng 323 SM), geuhey cit '''Alexander III dari Makedonia''' nyang hareutoejih nakeuh Raja Makedon, nakeuh raja nibak thon 338 SM troh 'an thon 323 SM. == Asoë Leumah == <gallery> File:Alexander and Aristotle.jpg File:AlexanderAndLion.jpg </gallery> {{Commons|Alexander the Great|Alexander Agung}} == Nè == {{Commonscat|Alexander the Great}} [[Kawan:Makèdonia]] owpk5q6vz41tpf4nofql3blxpk8h12e 1 23563 157831 157697 2026-04-22T03:32:11Z Tinta Emas Historia Network 33174 Tinta Emas Historia Network geupinah laman [[Marit:Alexander Agông]] u [[Marit:Alexander Rayek]] 128969 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Talkheader}} 8qg8gyxzczw6hj7ox6qr1ujm307bmz5 0 33456 157866 157610 2026-04-22T07:21:55Z Tinta Emas Historia Network 33174 157866 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox royalty | image = Canute and Ælfgifu cropped (Canute).jpg | caption = Contemporary drawing of King Cnut<br/>from the [[New Minster Liber Vitae|New Minster ''Liber Vitae'']], 1031 | succession = Raja Inggréh | reign = 1016–1035 | coronation = 1017 di London | successor = [[Harold I]]<ref name="weir" /> | predecessor = [[Edmund II]]<ref name="weir" /> | succession1 = Raja Denmak | reign1 = 1018–1035 | successor1 = [[Harthacnut]]<ref name="weir">{{cite book |title=Britain's Royal Families |last=Weir |first=Alison |isbn=9780099539735 |publisher=Vintage |date=1989 |page=30}}</ref> | predecessor1 = [[Harald II of Denmark|Harald II]] | succession2 = Raja Norwegia | reign2 = 1028–1035 | successor2 = [[Magnus the Good]] | predecessor2 = [[Saint Olaf]] | regent2 = [[Svein Knutsson]] | reg-type2 = Rakan kuwasa | house = [[Knýtlinga]] | birth_date = {{Circa|990}}<ref name="weir" />{{sfn|Somerville|McDonald|2014|p=435}} | birth_place = [[History of Denmark#Middle Ages|Kingdom of Denmark]] | death_date = 12 November 1035 (aged around 45)<ref name="weir" /> | death_place = [[Shaftesbury]], [[Dorset]], [[Kingdom of England|England]] | burial_place = {{ubl|[[Old Minster, Winchester]], England|Bones now in [[Winchester Cathedral]], [[Winchester]], England}} | spouses = {{unbulleted list |[[Ælfgifu of Northampton]] |[[Emma of Normandy]]}} | issue = {{unbulleted list |[[Svein Knutsson]] |[[Harold Harefoot]] |[[Harthacnut]] |[[Gunhilda of Denmark|Gunhilda, Queen of the Germans]] }} | father = [[Swein Forkbeard]] | mother = [[Świętosława]] or [[Gunhild of Wenden]] }} [[Beureukaih:Canute and Ælfgifu cropped (Canute).jpg|jmpl|Canute, c.995-1035. Naskah meuhias, Liber Vitae, 1031, Stowe Ms 944, folio 6, The British Library. ]] '''Cnut''' (/kəˈnjuːt/ kə-NYOOT;<ref>[https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/cnut "Cnut"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181108025626/https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/cnut|date=8 November 2018}}.</ref> Bahsa Norse Tuha: Knútr;{{efn|Modern languages: {{langx|da|Knud den Store}} or {{lang|da|Knud II}}; {{langx|no|Knut den mektige}}, {{langx|sv|Knut den Store}}.}} kira-kira thon 990 – 12 November 1035), nyang geuturi cit deungon nan Canute ngon gelar Mahakarya,<ref>{{cite web|title=King Cnut The Great|url=https://www.historic-uk.com/HistoryUK/HistoryofEngland/King-Cnut-The-Great/|website=Historic UK|access-date=9 October 2023}}</ref><ref>[[Laurence M. Larson]] ''Canute the Great'' [[G. P. Putnam's Sons]] 1912</ref><ref>[https://www.royal.uk/canute-great-r-1016-1035 Article] Royal Family website (2023)</ref> nakeuh Raja Inggréh phon thon 1016, Raja Denmark phon thon 1018, ngon Raja Norwegia phon thon 1028 sampoe wafeuet gobnyan bak thon 1035. Lhèe boh keurajeuën nyang meusaboh di yup pimpinan Cnut nyan geukheun lé ahli seujarah seubagoë Keurajeuën La'ôt Utara.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Westergaard|first=Waldemar|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cwARLE3UAesC&dq=%22north+sea+empire%22&pg=PA13|title=The Danish West Indies Under Company Rule (1671–1754): With a Supplementary Chapter, 1755–1917|date=1917|publisher=Macmillan|language=en|access-date=22 April 2024|archive-date=19 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230119014810/https://books.google.com/books?id=cwARLE3UAesC&dq=%22north+sea+empire%22&pg=PA13|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Belloc|first=Hilaire|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-5vSAAAAMAAJ&dq=%22north+sea+empire%22&pg=PA368|title=A History of England|date=1925|publisher=Methuen|access-date=22 April 2024|archive-date=19 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230119014812/https://books.google.com/books?id=-5vSAAAAMAAJ&dq=%22north+sea+empire%22&pg=PA368|url-status=live}}</ref> == Né == <references /> cnepvz0svoqnbinoh0e4j9bg07imqz5 157867 157866 2026-04-22T07:22:53Z Tinta Emas Historia Network 33174 157867 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox royalty | image = Canute and Ælfgifu cropped (Canute).jpg | caption = Contemporary drawing of King Cnut<br/>from the [[New Minster Liber Vitae|New Minster ''Liber Vitae'']], 1031 | succession = Raja Inggréh | reign = 1016–1035 | coronation = 1017 di London | successor = [[Harold I]]<ref name="weir" /> | predecessor = [[Edmund II]]<ref name="weir" /> | succession1 = Raja Denmak | reign1 = 1018–1035 | successor1 = [[Harthacnut]]<ref name="weir">{{cite book |title=Britain's Royal Families |last=Weir |first=Alison |isbn=9780099539735 |publisher=Vintage |date=1989 |page=30}}</ref> | predecessor1 = [[Harald II of Denmark|Harald II]] | succession2 = Raja Norwegia | reign2 = 1028–1035 | successor2 = [[Magnus the Good]] | predecessor2 = [[Saint Olaf]] | regent2 = [[Svein Knutsson]] | reg-type2 = Rakan kuwasa | house = [[Knýtlinga]] | birth_date = {{Circa|990}}<ref name="weir" />{{sfn|Somerville|McDonald|2014|p=435}} | birth_place = [[History of Denmark#Middle Ages|Kingdom of Denmark]] | death_date = 12 November 1035 (aged around 45)<ref name="weir" /> | death_place = [[Shaftesbury]], [[Dorset]], [[Kingdom of England|England]] | burial_place = {{ubl|[[Old Minster, Winchester]], England|Bones now in [[Winchester Cathedral]], [[Winchester]], England}} | spouses = {{unbulleted list |[[Ælfgifu of Northampton]] |[[Emma of Normandy]]}} | issue = {{unbulleted list |[[Svein Knutsson]] |[[Harold Harefoot]] |[[Harthacnut]] |[[Gunhilda of Denmark|Gunhilda, Queen of the Germans]] }} | father = [[Swein Forkbeard]] | mother = [[Świętosława]] or [[Gunhild of Wenden]] }} [[Beureukaih:Canute and Ælfgifu cropped (Canute).jpg|jmpl|Canute, c.995-1035. Naskah meuhias, Liber Vitae, 1031, Stowe Ms 944, folio 6, The British Library. ]] '''Knut''' '''Rayek''' (/kəˈnjuːt/ kə-NYOOT;<ref>[https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/cnut "Cnut"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181108025626/https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/cnut|date=8 November 2018}}.</ref> Bahsa Norse Tuha: Knútr;{{efn|Modern languages: {{langx|da|Knud den Store}} or {{lang|da|Knud II}}; {{langx|no|Knut den mektige}}, {{langx|sv|Knut den Store}}.}} kira-kira thon 990 – 12 November 1035), nyang geuturi cit deungon nan Canute ngon gelar Mahakarya,<ref>{{cite web|title=King Cnut The Great|url=https://www.historic-uk.com/HistoryUK/HistoryofEngland/King-Cnut-The-Great/|website=Historic UK|access-date=9 October 2023}}</ref><ref>[[Laurence M. Larson]] ''Canute the Great'' [[G. P. Putnam's Sons]] 1912</ref><ref>[https://www.royal.uk/canute-great-r-1016-1035 Article] Royal Family website (2023)</ref> nakeuh Raja Inggréh phon thon 1016, Raja Denmark phon thon 1018, ngon Raja Norwegia phon thon 1028 sampoe wafeuet gobnyan bak thon 1035. Lhèe boh keurajeuën nyang meusaboh di yup pimpinan Cnut nyan geukheun lé ahli seujarah seubagoë Keurajeuën La'ôt Utara.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Westergaard|first=Waldemar|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cwARLE3UAesC&dq=%22north+sea+empire%22&pg=PA13|title=The Danish West Indies Under Company Rule (1671–1754): With a Supplementary Chapter, 1755–1917|date=1917|publisher=Macmillan|language=en|access-date=22 April 2024|archive-date=19 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230119014810/https://books.google.com/books?id=cwARLE3UAesC&dq=%22north+sea+empire%22&pg=PA13|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Belloc|first=Hilaire|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-5vSAAAAMAAJ&dq=%22north+sea+empire%22&pg=PA368|title=A History of England|date=1925|publisher=Methuen|access-date=22 April 2024|archive-date=19 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230119014812/https://books.google.com/books?id=-5vSAAAAMAAJ&dq=%22north+sea+empire%22&pg=PA368|url-status=live}}</ref> == Né == <references /> qxj5okf0f9nh0gv168yo64l0tqzyp18 157868 157867 2026-04-22T07:25:20Z Tinta Emas Historia Network 33174 157868 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox royalty | image = Knut der Große cropped.jpg | caption = Gamba Raja Knut | succession = Raja Inggréh | reign = 1016–1035 | coronation = 1017 di London | successor = [[Harold I]]<ref name="weir" /> | predecessor = [[Edmund II]]<ref name="weir" /> | succession1 = Raja Denmak | reign1 = 1018–1035 | successor1 = [[Harthacnut]]<ref name="weir">{{cite book |title=Britain's Royal Families |last=Weir |first=Alison |isbn=9780099539735 |publisher=Vintage |date=1989 |page=30}}</ref> | predecessor1 = [[Harald II of Denmark|Harald II]] | succession2 = Raja Norwegia | reign2 = 1028–1035 | successor2 = [[Magnus the Good]] | predecessor2 = [[Saint Olaf]] | regent2 = [[Svein Knutsson]] | reg-type2 = Rakan kuwasa | house = [[Knýtlinga]] | birth_date = {{Circa|990}}<ref name="weir" />{{sfn|Somerville|McDonald|2014|p=435}} | birth_place = [[History of Denmark#Middle Ages|Kingdom of Denmark]] | death_date = 12 November 1035 (aged around 45)<ref name="weir" /> | death_place = [[Shaftesbury]], [[Dorset]], [[Kingdom of England|England]] | burial_place = {{ubl|[[Old Minster, Winchester]], England|Bones now in [[Winchester Cathedral]], [[Winchester]], England}} | spouses = {{unbulleted list |[[Ælfgifu of Northampton]] |[[Emma of Normandy]]}} | issue = {{unbulleted list |[[Svein Knutsson]] |[[Harold Harefoot]] |[[Harthacnut]] |[[Gunhilda of Denmark|Gunhilda, Queen of the Germans]] }} | father = [[Swein Forkbeard]] | mother = [[Świętosława]] or [[Gunhild of Wenden]] }} [[Beureukaih:Canute and Ælfgifu cropped (Canute).jpg|jmpl|Canute, c.995-1035. Naskah meuhias, Liber Vitae, 1031, Stowe Ms 944, folio 6, The British Library. ]] '''Knut''' '''Rayek''' (/kəˈnjuːt/ kə-NYOOT;<ref>[https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/cnut "Cnut"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181108025626/https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/cnut|date=8 November 2018}}.</ref> Bahsa Norse Tuha: Knútr;{{efn|Modern languages: {{langx|da|Knud den Store}} or {{lang|da|Knud II}}; {{langx|no|Knut den mektige}}, {{langx|sv|Knut den Store}}.}} kira-kira thon 990 – 12 November 1035), nyang geuturi cit deungon nan Canute ngon gelar Mahakarya,<ref>{{cite web|title=King Cnut The Great|url=https://www.historic-uk.com/HistoryUK/HistoryofEngland/King-Cnut-The-Great/|website=Historic UK|access-date=9 October 2023}}</ref><ref>[[Laurence M. Larson]] ''Canute the Great'' [[G. P. Putnam's Sons]] 1912</ref><ref>[https://www.royal.uk/canute-great-r-1016-1035 Article] Royal Family website (2023)</ref> nakeuh Raja Inggréh phon thon 1016, Raja Denmark phon thon 1018, ngon Raja Norwegia phon thon 1028 sampoe wafeuet gobnyan bak thon 1035. Lhèe boh keurajeuën nyang meusaboh di yup pimpinan Cnut nyan geukheun lé ahli seujarah seubagoë Keurajeuën La'ôt Utara.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Westergaard|first=Waldemar|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cwARLE3UAesC&dq=%22north+sea+empire%22&pg=PA13|title=The Danish West Indies Under Company Rule (1671–1754): With a Supplementary Chapter, 1755–1917|date=1917|publisher=Macmillan|language=en|access-date=22 April 2024|archive-date=19 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230119014810/https://books.google.com/books?id=cwARLE3UAesC&dq=%22north+sea+empire%22&pg=PA13|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Belloc|first=Hilaire|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-5vSAAAAMAAJ&dq=%22north+sea+empire%22&pg=PA368|title=A History of England|date=1925|publisher=Methuen|access-date=22 April 2024|archive-date=19 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230119014812/https://books.google.com/books?id=-5vSAAAAMAAJ&dq=%22north+sea+empire%22&pg=PA368|url-status=live}}</ref> == Né == <references /> hk9809fytqwrel7ycw8o2u281x5gckg 0 33458 157888 157616 2026-04-22T10:10:48Z Tinta Emas Historia Network 33174 157888 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Beureukaih:Vinland Saga simplified logo.svg|jmpl|Logo Vinland Saga]] '''Vinland Saga''' (Bahsa Jeupang: ヴィンランド・サガ, Hepburn: Vinrando Saga) nakeuh saboh seri televisi anime [[Jeupang]] nyang geuangkèe dari seri manga Vinland Saga karya Makoto Yukimura. Musém phôn seri nyan geupeuhasé lé Wit Studio ngon geupeusiaran bak thôn 2019; musém keudua geupeuhasé lé MAPPA ngon geupeusiaran bak thôn 2023. Kisah nyan geupeugah bhah udép Thorfinn, nyang jitamöng lam donya Viking ngon prang lheueh ayah jih maté jipoh lé Askeladd. Musém phôn geupeugah bhah buet jih seubagoe sidroe Viking nyang galak poh darah ngon meuhajat keu balah dindam, dan musém keudua geupeugah bhah udép jih seubagoe sidroe namiet nyang ka gadoh seumangat keu udép. Bah pih dua musem nyan jipeuhasé lé studio nyang mabinèh, sutradara Shūhei Yabuta ngon ureuëng tuléh Hiroshi Seko ka geukeurija sajan bak bandua nyan. Awaknyan meuhajat keu geupeuteubiët leubèh le konten asli lam adaptasi nyan mangat leubèh jipeukembang karakter-karakterjih, lagèe perubahan Thorfinn jeuët keu sidroë Viking, lumpoë-lumpoë brôk nyang sabe jipeukaru jih, ngon udép Einar sigohlom jeuët keu namiet. Serial nyoë jipeusiaran lé Amazon Prime ngon Netflix keu jipeuteubiët ban sigom donya. Musém phôn anime nyan ka meuteumèe pujoe kriték ateueh animasi, arahan, naskah, sinematografi, adegan aksi, lakon su, ngon tema-tema jih; khusuihjih cara geupeugah keujaman ureueng Viking. Musém keudua meuteumèe tanggapan nyang saban keu tema-tema jih lagèe perbudakan, pasifisme, ngon keuadaan psikologis Thorfinn. avk7th6nvxrlxpyto9idf64znd9xyr9 0 33495 157879 157696 2026-04-22T08:41:24Z EmausBot 2070 Memperbaiki pengalihan ganda ke [[Alexander Rayek]] 157879 wikitext text/x-wiki #PUPINAH [[Alexander Rayek]] mg3n06lf6itj9b6gftj4i6ynbwrf0vq 1 33496 157880 157698 2026-04-22T08:41:34Z EmausBot 2070 Memperbaiki pengalihan ganda ke [[Marit:Alexander Rayek]] 157880 wikitext text/x-wiki #PUPINAH [[Marit:Alexander Rayek]] m2t9fn8pnrqxeignlkileehsauz6rla 0 33497 157870 157782 2026-04-22T07:50:29Z Tinta Emas Historia Network 33174 157870 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox royalty | name = Keuseutani I | image = Statua di Costantino ai musei capitolini.jpg | alt = Head statue of Constantine the Great | caption = Patông Ulèë [[Colossus of Constantine]], [[Capitoline&nbsp;Museums]] | succession = [[Raja Roma]] | reign = 25 July 306 – 22 May 337 {{awrap|(alone from 19 September 324)}} | predecessor = [[Constantius I]] (in the West) | successor = {{ubl|[[Constantine II (emperor)|Constantine II]]|[[Constantius II]]|[[Constans I]]}} | regent = {{Collapsible list|title=See list| |[[Galerius]] (306–311){{efn|name=east|Emperor of the East}} |[[Severus II]] (306–307){{efn|Emperor of the West}} |[[Maxentius]] (306–312){{efn|name=unrec|In the West; unrecognised outside Italy}} |[[Maximian]] (306–308, 310){{efn|name=unrec}} |[[Licinius]] (308–324){{efn|Originally emperor of the West; became emperor of the East after 313.}} |[[Maximinus II]] (310–313){{efn|name=east}} |[[Valerius Valens|Valens]] (316–317){{efn|name=neow|In the East; nominal emperor of the West.}} |[[Martinian (emperor)|Martinian]] (324){{efn|name=neow}}}} | reg-type = Rakan kuwasa | birth_name = Flavius Constantinus | birth_date = 27 February 272 | birth_place = [[Naissus]], [[Moesia Superior]], [[Keurajeuën Romawi]] | death_date = 22 May 337 (aged 65) | death_place = Achyron, [[Nicomedia]], [[Bithynia]], Keurajeuën Romawi | burial_place = [[Geurija Rasui Suci]], Keuseutatinopèl (Jinoë ka gadöh) | spouses = {{ubl|[[Minervina]]{{efn|Minervina may have been his [[concubine]].}} |[[Flavia Maxima Fausta|Fausta]]}} | issue = {{ubl|[[Crispus]]|[[Constantine II (emperor)|Constantine II]]|[[Constantius II]]|[[Constantina]]|[[Constans I]]|[[Helena (wife of Julian)|Helena]]}} | issue-link = #Illness and death | full name = Flavius Valerius Constantinus | regnal name = Imperator Caesar Flavius Valerius Constantinus Augustus | dynasty = [[Constantinian dynasty|Constantinian]] | father = [[Constantius Chlorus]] | mother = [[Helena, mother of Constantine I|Helena]] | religion = {{ubl|Agama Rumawi awai (sampoë 312)|Kresten (dari 312)}} }} '''Keuseutani I''' ({{lang-la|Flavius Valerius Aurelius Constantinus Augustus}};<ref>Lam [[bahsa Latin Klasik]], gelar raseumi keurajeuën Konstantinus nakeuh IMPERATOR CAESAR FLAVIVS CONSTANTINVS PIVS FELIX INVICTVS AVGVSTVS, ''Imperator Caesar Flavius Constantine Augustus, nyang saleh, nyang sejahtera, nyang hana teukalahkan''. Lheueh thôn 312, gobnyan geutamah MAXIMVS ("nyang paléng rayek"), dan lheueh thôn 325 geugantoë ''invictus'' ("nyang hana teukalahkan") ngon VICTOR, saweueb ''invictus'' geupeuingat le ureuëng bak [[Sol Invictus]], Dewa Mata Uroe. </ref> {{lang-grc-x-koine|Κωνσταντῖνος ὁ Μέγας, Konstantinos ho Megas}}; 27 uroë buleuën Peuët thôn 272  22 Limöng 337), geuturi cit ngon nan '''Keuseutani Rayek''', nakeuh kaisar Romawi nibak 337 M.&nbsp;306 sampoë 337 ngon kaisar Romawi phôn nyang meuagama [[Kristen]] . {{Efn|With the possible exception of [[Philip the Arab]] ({{reign|244|249}}). See [[Philip the Arab and Christianity]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Shahîd |first=Irfan |url= |title=Rome and the Arabs |date=1984 |publisher=[[Dumbarton Oaks]] |pages=65–93 |chapter=The First Christian Roman Emperor: Philip or Constantine? |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/rome-and-the-arabs_202102/page/64}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pohlsander |first=Hans A. |date=1980 |title=Philip the Arab and Christianity |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4435734 |journal=Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte |volume=29 |issue=4 |pages=463–473 |jstor=4435734 |issn=0018-2311}}</ref>}} Gobnyan geumeu'èn peran nyang that peunténg lam geupeu'ék martabat agama Kristen di Roma, deungon geupeuteubiët Edik Milan nyang geupeubibeuëh amalan agama Kristen dari hukôman ngon geupeuphôn peu'ét pengejaran ateuëh ureuëng Kristen. Hai nyoë jeuët keu saboh punca lam proses Kristenisasi Keurajeuën Roma. Gobnyan geupeudong banda Konstantinopel (jinoë [[Éseutamu]]) ngon geupeujeuët jih keu nanggroë keurajeuën, nyang teutap jeuët keu nanggroë keurajeuën nyan leubèh dari siribèe thôn.. Lahe di Naissus, saboh banda nyang na di propinsi Moesia Superior (jinoe Niš, Serbia), Konstantinus nakeuh aneuk agam Flavius Constantius, sidroe perwira teuntra Romawi dari Moesia Superior, nyang dudoe jeuet keu sidroe dari peuet droe keusaresa Tetrarki. Ma gobnyan, Helena, nakeuh sidroe ureueng inong Yunani dari keuluarga biasa, mungkén dari Bithynia. Óh lheueh nyan geupeusah keu santa, gobnyan geupeusabab keu meu-iman aneuk agam gobnyan meunurôt ladôm tradisi, bah pih nyang la'én jipatéh Konstantinus nyang peu-iman gobnyan. Gobnyan meutugaih deungon cemerlang di yup keurajeuën Kaisar Diocletian ngon Galerius. Gobnyan geupeuphôn karir deungon geupeulancarkan prang di propinsi blah timu geulawan ureuëng Parsi, sigohlom geutawök u barat bak thôn 305 Masehi keu geumeuprang deungon ayah gobnyan di propinsi Britannia. Lheueh ayah gobnyan meuninggai donya bak thon 306, Konstantin geupeunyata seubagoe augustus (kaisar) le teuntra gobnyan di Eboracum (York, Inggréh). Bak akhe jih, gobnyan meunang lam prang sipil Tetrarki geulawan kaisar Maxentius ngon Licinius sampoe jeuet keu sidroe-droe penguasa Keurajeuën Romawi bak thon 324. Bak watèe gobnyan geumat kuwasa, Konstantinus geupeulaku le that reformasi keu geupeukong keurajeuën. Gobnyan geususôn keulayi peumeurèntahan, geupeupisah kuwasa sipil ngön militè. Keu geulawan inflasi, gobnyan geupeuteubiët solidus, saboh pèng meuh barô nyang jeuët keu standar keu mata pèng Bizantium ngön Éropa leubèh dari siribèe thôn. Gobnyan geupeuhah Praetorian Guard, nyang ka jidukông Maxentius. Tentara Romawi geuatô ulang jeuët keu unit-unit mobile (comitatenses), nyang kayém na di seulingka kaisar, keu geujak prang lawan musôh luwa atawa pemberontak Romawi, ngon pasôkan jaga bataih (limitanei) nyang sanggôp lawan seurangan ureuëng barbar, tapi makin kureuëng sanggôp geulawan invasi ureuëng barbar nyang raya. Konstantinus geulanjôt prang geulawan sukèe-sukèe di bataih Romawi—lagèe Franka, Alemanni, Goth, ngon Sarmatia—dan geupeuduek keulayi wilayah nyang ka geutinggai lé raja-raja sigohlom gobnyan bak masa Krisis Abad Keulhèe deungon ureueng-ureueng masyarakat Romawi. Bah pih Konstantinus leubeh le umu geuh udép seubagoe ureueng pagan, gopnyan dudoe jeuet keu sidroe katekumen, watee gopnyan ka geupeuphôn galak keu agama Kristen bak thôn 312, dan bak akhéjih geupeumanö lé Eusebius dari Nikomedia, sidroe uskup Arian. Gopnyan na peran nyang that peunténg lam peumakluman Edik Milan bak thôn 313, nyang geupeusah agama Kristen di Keurajeuën Romawi. Gobnyan geupeuna Konsili Nicaea Nyang Phon bak thon 325, nyang jipeuhase pernyataan iman Kristen nyang jituri seubagoe Kredo Nicaea. Ateuh peurintah gobnyan, Geurija Makam Suci geupeudong di teumpat nyang jipeugah seubagoe jirat Isa di Yerusalem dan jipeuanggab seubagoe teumpat nyang paleng suci lam donya Kristen. Lam seujarah, gobnyan geuturi seubagoe "Kaisar Kristen Nyang Phon", tapi bah pih gobnyan leubeh geudukung Geurija Kristen, na padum-padum droe ahli moderen nyang meudebat bhah keuyakinan gobnyan dan bahkan pemahaman gobnyan keu agama Kristen. Gobnyan geupeumulia seubagoe sidroe santo lam Kristen Timu dan ladôm bagian Kristen Barat, dan gobnyan ka geupeubuet le that usaha keu geupeumaju agama Kristen mangat jeuet keu arus utama lam budaya Romawi. Masa Konstantinus nakeuh saboh era nyang meubida lam seujarah Keurajeuën Romawi ngon saboh saat nyang that peunténg lam proses meukeumang dari jameun kuno klasik u Abad Teungoh. Gobnyan geupeudong saboh rumoh keurajeuën nyang barô di banda Bizantium, nyang secara resmi geuubah nan jeuët keu Roma Barô, sementaranyan geupeunan cit Constantinople keu geupeumulia nan gobnyan. Nanggroë nyan lheueh nyan jeuet keu ibukota keurajeuën nyan leubèh dari siribèe thôn—ngön Keurajeuën Romawi Timu nyang keubanyakan masa nyan biasa jih geukheun Keurajeuën Bizantium lam basa Inggréh. Bak watèe geupeutinggai keurajeuën nyan keu aneuk-aneuk agam gobnyan ngön anggèeta dinasti Konstantinian la'én, warisan politék langsông Konstantinus nakeuh geugantoë Tetrarki Diocletianus ngön prinsip suksesi dinasti. Ingatan keu gobnyan that geuhoreumat bak masa aneuk-aneuk gobnyan mantong udép dan meureutôh thôn lheueh masa peumeurèntahan gobnyan. Geurèja abad teungoh geupeugah gobnyan seubagoe suri teladan nyang paléng mulia, seumeuntara peumeurèntah sekuler geungui gobnyan seubagoe lambang keabsahan Keurajeuën. Teumèe keulayi sumber-sumber nyang meulawan Konstantinus bak awai jameun Renaissance ka jipeuteubiët peuniléyan nyang leubèh kritis ateueh masa peumeurèntahan gobnyan, deungon studi modèrèn dan kontemporer kayém geu-useuha keu geupeuseuimbang peuniléyan-peuniléyan nyang meuleubèh-leubèh dari calitra-calitra awai. == Nè == 88gjkus2k2s71afo4w25xtjxxo044py 157871 157870 2026-04-22T07:57:07Z Tinta Emas Historia Network 33174 157871 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox royalty | name = Keuseutani I | image = Statua di Costantino ai musei capitolini.jpg | alt = Head statue of Constantine the Great | caption = Patông Ulèë [[Colossus of Constantine]], [[Capitoline&nbsp;Museums]] | succession = [[Raja Roma]] | reign = 25 July 306 – 22 May 337 {{awrap|(neumat sidroë dari 19 September 324)}} | predecessor = [[Constantius I]] (di barat) | successor = {{ubl|[[Constantine II (emperor)|Constantine II]]|[[Constantius II]]|[[Constans I]]}} | regent = {{Collapsible list|title=See list| |[[Galerius]] (306–311){{efn|name=east|Emperor of the East}} |[[Severus II]] (306–307){{efn|Emperor of the West}} |[[Maxentius]] (306–312){{efn|name=unrec|In the West; unrecognised outside Italy}} |[[Maximian]] (306–308, 310){{efn|name=unrec}} |[[Licinius]] (308–324){{efn|Originally emperor of the West; became emperor of the East after 313.}} |[[Maximinus II]] (310–313){{efn|name=east}} |[[Valerius Valens|Valens]] (316–317){{efn|name=neow|In the East; nominal emperor of the West.}} |[[Martinian (emperor)|Martinian]] (324){{efn|name=neow}}}} | reg-type = Rakan kuwasa | birth_name = Flavius Constantinus | birth_date = 27 February 272 | birth_place = [[Naissus]], [[Moesia Superior]], [[Keurajeuën Romawi]] | death_date = 22 May 337 (aged 65) | death_place = Achyron, [[Nicomedia]], [[Bithynia]], Keurajeuën Romawi | burial_place = [[Geurija Rasui Suci]], Keuseutatinopèl (Jinoë ka gadöh) | spouses = {{ubl|[[Minervina]]{{efn|Minervina may have been his [[concubine]].}} |[[Flavia Maxima Fausta|Fausta]]}} | issue = {{ubl|[[Crispus]]|[[Constantine II (emperor)|Constantine II]]|[[Constantius II]]|[[Constantina]]|[[Constans I]]|[[Helena (wife of Julian)|Helena]]}} | issue-link = #Illness and death | full name = Flavius Valerius Constantinus | regnal name = Imperator Caesar Flavius Valerius Constantinus Augustus | dynasty = [[Constantinian dynasty|Constantinian]] | father = [[Constantius Chlorus]] | mother = [[Helena, mother of Constantine I|Helena]] | religion = {{ubl|Agama Rumawi awai (sampoë 312)|Kresten (dari 312)}} }} '''Keuseutani I''' ({{lang-la|Flavius Valerius Aurelius Constantinus Augustus}};<ref>Lam [[bahsa Latin Klasik]], gelar raseumi keurajeuën Konstantinus nakeuh IMPERATOR CAESAR FLAVIVS CONSTANTINVS PIVS FELIX INVICTVS AVGVSTVS, ''Imperator Caesar Flavius Constantine Augustus, nyang saleh, nyang sejahtera, nyang hana teukalahkan''. Lheueh thôn 312, gobnyan geutamah MAXIMVS ("nyang paléng rayek"), dan lheueh thôn 325 geugantoë ''invictus'' ("nyang hana teukalahkan") ngon VICTOR, saweueb ''invictus'' geupeuingat le ureuëng bak [[Sol Invictus]], Dewa Mata Uroe. </ref> {{lang-grc-x-koine|Κωνσταντῖνος ὁ Μέγας, Konstantinos ho Megas}}; 27 uroë buleuën Peuët thôn 272  22 Limöng 337), geuturi cit ngon nan '''Keuseutani Rayek''', nakeuh kaisar Romawi nibak 337 M.&nbsp;306 sampoë 337 ngon kaisar Romawi phôn nyang meuagama [[Kristen]] . {{Efn|With the possible exception of [[Philip the Arab]] ({{reign|244|249}}). See [[Philip the Arab and Christianity]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Shahîd |first=Irfan |url= |title=Rome and the Arabs |date=1984 |publisher=[[Dumbarton Oaks]] |pages=65–93 |chapter=The First Christian Roman Emperor: Philip or Constantine? |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/rome-and-the-arabs_202102/page/64}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pohlsander |first=Hans A. |date=1980 |title=Philip the Arab and Christianity |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4435734 |journal=Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte |volume=29 |issue=4 |pages=463–473 |jstor=4435734 |issn=0018-2311}}</ref>}} Gobnyan geumeu'èn peran nyang that peunténg lam geupeu'ék martabat agama Kristen di Roma, deungon geupeuteubiët Edik Milan nyang geupeubibeuëh amalan agama Kristen dari hukôman ngon geupeuphôn peu'ét pengejaran ateuëh ureuëng Kristen. Hai nyoë jeuët keu saboh punca lam proses Kristenisasi Keurajeuën Roma. Gobnyan geupeudong banda Konstantinopel (jinoë [[Éseutamu]]) ngon geupeujeuët jih keu nanggroë keurajeuën, nyang teutap jeuët keu nanggroë keurajeuën nyan leubèh dari siribèe thôn.. Lahe di Naissus, saboh banda nyang na di propinsi Moesia Superior (jinoe Niš, Serbia), Konstantinus nakeuh aneuk agam Flavius Constantius, sidroe perwira teuntra Romawi dari Moesia Superior, nyang dudoe jeuet keu sidroe dari peuet droe keusaresa Tetrarki. Ma gobnyan, Helena, nakeuh sidroe ureueng inong Yunani dari keuluarga biasa, mungkén dari Bithynia. Óh lheueh nyan geupeusah keu santa, gobnyan geupeusabab keu meu-iman aneuk agam gobnyan meunurôt ladôm tradisi, bah pih nyang la'én jipatéh Konstantinus nyang peu-iman gobnyan. Gobnyan meutugaih deungon cemerlang di yup keurajeuën Kaisar Diocletian ngon Galerius. Gobnyan geupeuphôn karir deungon geupeulancarkan prang di propinsi blah timu geulawan ureuëng Parsi, sigohlom geutawök u barat bak thôn 305 Masehi keu geumeuprang deungon ayah gobnyan di propinsi Britannia. Lheueh ayah gobnyan meuninggai donya bak thon 306, Konstantin geupeunyata seubagoe augustus (kaisar) le teuntra gobnyan di Eboracum (York, Inggréh). Bak akhe jih, gobnyan meunang lam prang sipil Tetrarki geulawan kaisar Maxentius ngon Licinius sampoe jeuet keu sidroe-droe penguasa Keurajeuën Romawi bak thon 324. Bak watèe gobnyan geumat kuwasa, Konstantinus geupeulaku le that reformasi keu geupeukong keurajeuën. Gobnyan geususôn keulayi peumeurèntahan, geupeupisah kuwasa sipil ngön militè. Keu geulawan inflasi, gobnyan geupeuteubiët solidus, saboh pèng meuh barô nyang jeuët keu standar keu mata pèng Bizantium ngön Éropa leubèh dari siribèe thôn. Gobnyan geupeuhah Praetorian Guard, nyang ka jidukông Maxentius. Tentara Romawi geuatô ulang jeuët keu unit-unit mobile (comitatenses), nyang kayém na di seulingka kaisar, keu geujak prang lawan musôh luwa atawa pemberontak Romawi, ngon pasôkan jaga bataih (limitanei) nyang sanggôp lawan seurangan ureuëng barbar, tapi makin kureuëng sanggôp geulawan invasi ureuëng barbar nyang raya. Konstantinus geulanjôt prang geulawan sukèe-sukèe di bataih Romawi—lagèe Franka, Alemanni, Goth, ngon Sarmatia—dan geupeuduek keulayi wilayah nyang ka geutinggai lé raja-raja sigohlom gobnyan bak masa Krisis Abad Keulhèe deungon ureueng-ureueng masyarakat Romawi. Bah pih Konstantinus leubeh le umu geuh udép seubagoe ureueng pagan, gopnyan dudoe jeuet keu sidroe katekumen, watee gopnyan ka geupeuphôn galak keu agama Kristen bak thôn 312, dan bak akhéjih geupeumanö lé Eusebius dari Nikomedia, sidroe uskup Arian. Gopnyan na peran nyang that peunténg lam peumakluman Edik Milan bak thôn 313, nyang geupeusah agama Kristen di Keurajeuën Romawi. Gobnyan geupeuna Konsili Nicaea Nyang Phon bak thon 325, nyang jipeuhase pernyataan iman Kristen nyang jituri seubagoe Kredo Nicaea. Ateuh peurintah gobnyan, Geurija Makam Suci geupeudong di teumpat nyang jipeugah seubagoe jirat Isa di Yerusalem dan jipeuanggab seubagoe teumpat nyang paleng suci lam donya Kristen. Lam seujarah, gobnyan geuturi seubagoe "Kaisar Kristen Nyang Phon", tapi bah pih gobnyan leubeh geudukung Geurija Kristen, na padum-padum droe ahli moderen nyang meudebat bhah keuyakinan gobnyan dan bahkan pemahaman gobnyan keu agama Kristen. Gobnyan geupeumulia seubagoe sidroe santo lam Kristen Timu dan ladôm bagian Kristen Barat, dan gobnyan ka geupeubuet le that usaha keu geupeumaju agama Kristen mangat jeuet keu arus utama lam budaya Romawi. Masa Konstantinus nakeuh saboh era nyang meubida lam seujarah Keurajeuën Romawi ngon saboh saat nyang that peunténg lam proses meukeumang dari jameun kuno klasik u Abad Teungoh. Gobnyan geupeudong saboh rumoh keurajeuën nyang barô di banda Bizantium, nyang secara resmi geuubah nan jeuët keu Roma Barô, sementaranyan geupeunan cit Constantinople keu geupeumulia nan gobnyan. Nanggroë nyan lheueh nyan jeuet keu ibukota keurajeuën nyan leubèh dari siribèe thôn—ngön Keurajeuën Romawi Timu nyang keubanyakan masa nyan biasa jih geukheun Keurajeuën Bizantium lam basa Inggréh. Bak watèe geupeutinggai keurajeuën nyan keu aneuk-aneuk agam gobnyan ngön anggèeta dinasti Konstantinian la'én, warisan politék langsông Konstantinus nakeuh geugantoë Tetrarki Diocletianus ngön prinsip suksesi dinasti. Ingatan keu gobnyan that geuhoreumat bak masa aneuk-aneuk gobnyan mantong udép dan meureutôh thôn lheueh masa peumeurèntahan gobnyan. Geurèja abad teungoh geupeugah gobnyan seubagoe suri teladan nyang paléng mulia, seumeuntara peumeurèntah sekuler geungui gobnyan seubagoe lambang keabsahan Keurajeuën. Teumèe keulayi sumber-sumber nyang meulawan Konstantinus bak awai jameun Renaissance ka jipeuteubiët peuniléyan nyang leubèh kritis ateueh masa peumeurèntahan gobnyan, deungon studi modèrèn dan kontemporer kayém geu-useuha keu geupeuseuimbang peuniléyan-peuniléyan nyang meuleubèh-leubèh dari calitra-calitra awai. == Nè == ptkssvna3nojt0sokrdtimwdh54fsgt 157872 157871 2026-04-22T08:00:44Z Tinta Emas Historia Network 33174 157872 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox royalty | name = Keuseutani I | image = Statua di Costantino ai musei capitolini.jpg | alt = Head statue of Constantine the Great | caption = Patông Ulèë [[Colossus of Constantine]], [[Capitoline&nbsp;Museums]] | succession = [[Raja Roma]] | reign = 25 July 306 – 22 May 337 {{awrap|(neumat sidroë dari 19 September 324)}} | predecessor = [[Constantius I]] (di barat) | successor = {{ubl|[[Constantine II (emperor)|Constantine II]]|[[Constantius II]]|[[Constans I]]}} | regent = {{Collapsible list|title=See list| |[[Galerius]] (306–311){{efn|name=east|Emperor of the East}} |[[Severus II]] (306–307){{efn|Emperor of the West}} |[[Maxentius]] (306–312){{efn|name=unrec|In the West; unrecognised outside Italy}} |[[Maximian]] (306–308, 310){{efn|name=unrec}} |[[Licinius]] (308–324){{efn|Originally emperor of the West; became emperor of the East after 313.}} |[[Maximinus II]] (310–313){{efn|name=east}} |[[Valerius Valens|Valens]] (316–317){{efn|name=neow|In the East; nominal emperor of the West.}} |[[Martinian (emperor)|Martinian]] (324){{efn|name=neow}}}} | reg-type = Rakan kuwasa | birth_name = Flavius Constantinus | birth_date = 27 February 272 | birth_place = [[Naissus]], [[Moesia Superior]], [[Keurajeuën Romawi]] | death_date = 22 May 337 (aged 65) | death_place = Achyron, [[Nicomedia]], [[Bithynia]], Keurajeuën Romawi | burial_place = [[Geurija Rasui Suci]], Keuseutatinopèl (Jinoë ka gadöh) | spouses = {{ubl|[[Minervina]]{{efn|Minervina may have been his [[concubine]].}} |[[Flavia Maxima Fausta|Fausta]]}} | issue = {{ubl|[[Crispus]]|[[Constantine II (emperor)|Constantine II]]|[[Constantius II]]|[[Constantina]]|[[Constans I]]|[[Helena (wife of Julian)|Helena]]}} | issue-link = #Illness and death | full name = Flavius Valerius Constantinus | regnal name = Imperator Caesar Flavius Valerius Constantinus Augustus | dynasty = [[Constantinian dynasty|Constantinian]] | father = [[Constantius Chlorus]] | mother = [[Helena, mother of Constantine I|Helena]] | religion = {{ubl|Agama Rumawi awai (sampoë 312)|Kresten (dari 312)}} }} '''Keuseutani I''' ({{lang-la|Flavius Valerius Aurelius Constantinus Augustus}};<ref>Lam [[bahsa Latin Klasik]], gelar raseumi keurajeuën Konstantinus nakeuh IMPERATOR CAESAR FLAVIVS CONSTANTINVS PIVS FELIX INVICTVS AVGVSTVS, ''Imperator Caesar Flavius Constantine Augustus, nyang saleh, nyang sejahtera, nyang hana teukalahkan''. Lheueh thôn 312, gobnyan geutamah MAXIMVS ("nyang paléng rayek"), dan lheueh thôn 325 geugantoë ''invictus'' ("nyang hana teukalahkan") ngon VICTOR, saweueb ''invictus'' geupeuingat le ureuëng bak [[Sol Invictus]], Dewa Mata Uroe. </ref> {{lang-grc-x-koine|Κωνσταντῖνος ὁ Μέγας, Konstantinos ho Megas}}; 27 uroë buleuën Peuët thôn 272  22 Limöng 337), geuturi cit ngon nan '''Keuseutani Rayek''', nakeuh kaisar Romawi nibak 337 M.&nbsp;306 sampoë 337 ngon kaisar Romawi phôn nyang meuagama [[Kristen]] . {{Efn|With the possible exception of [[Philip the Arab]] ({{reign|244|249}}). See [[Philip the Arab and Christianity]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Shahîd |first=Irfan |url= |title=Rome and the Arabs |date=1984 |publisher=[[Dumbarton Oaks]] |pages=65–93 |chapter=The First Christian Roman Emperor: Philip or Constantine? |chapter-url=https://archive.org/Beuleumahs/rome-and-the-arabs_202102/page/64}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pohlsander |first=Hans A. |date=1980 |title=Philip the Arab and Christianity |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4435734 |journal=Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte |volume=29 |issue=4 |pages=463–473 |jstor=4435734 |issn=0018-2311}}</ref>}} Gobnyan geumeu'èn peran nyang that peunténg lam geupeu'ék martabat agama Kristen di Roma, deungon geupeuteubiët Edik Milan nyang geupeubibeuëh amalan agama Kristen dari hukôman ngon geupeuphôn peu'ét pengejaran ateuëh ureuëng Kristen. Hai nyoë jeuët keu saboh punca lam proses Kristenisasi Keurajeuën Roma. Gobnyan geupeudong banda Konstantinopel (jinoë [[Éseutamu]]) ngon geupeujeuët jih keu nanggroë keurajeuën, nyang teutap jeuët keu nanggroë keurajeuën nyan leubèh dari siribèe thôn.. Lahe di Naissus, saboh banda nyang na di propinsi Moesia Superior (jinoe Niš, Serbia), Konstantinus nakeuh aneuk agam Flavius Constantius, sidroe perwira teuntra Romawi dari Moesia Superior, nyang dudoe jeuet keu sidroe dari peuet droe keusaresa Tetrarki. Ma gobnyan, Helena, nakeuh sidroe ureueng inong Yunani dari keuluarga biasa, mungkén dari Bithynia. Óh lheueh nyan geupeusah keu santa, gobnyan geupeusabab keu meu-iman aneuk agam gobnyan meunurôt ladôm tradisi, bah pih nyang la'én jipatéh Konstantinus nyang peu-iman gobnyan. Gobnyan meutugaih deungon cemerlang di yup keurajeuën Kaisar Diocletian ngon Galerius. Gobnyan geupeuphôn karir deungon geupeulancarkan prang di propinsi blah timu geulawan ureuëng Parsi, sigohlom geutawök u barat bak thôn 305 Masehi keu geumeuprang deungon ayah gobnyan di propinsi Britannia. Lheueh ayah gobnyan meuninggai donya bak thon 306, Konstantin geupeunyata seubagoe augustus (kaisar) le teuntra gobnyan di Eboracum (York, Inggréh). Bak akhe jih, gobnyan meunang lam prang sipil Tetrarki geulawan kaisar Maxentius ngon Licinius sampoe jeuet keu sidroe-droe penguasa Keurajeuën Romawi bak thon 324. Bak watèe gobnyan geumat kuwasa, Konstantinus geupeulaku le that reformasi keu geupeukong keurajeuën. Gobnyan geususôn keulayi peumeurèntahan, geupeupisah kuwasa sipil ngön militè. Keu geulawan inflasi, gobnyan geupeuteubiët solidus, saboh pèng meuh barô nyang jeuët keu standar keu mata pèng Bizantium ngön Éropa leubèh dari siribèe thôn. Gobnyan geupeuhah Praetorian Guard, nyang ka jidukông Maxentius. Tentara Romawi geuatô ulang jeuët keu unit-unit mobile (comitatenses), nyang kayém na di seulingka kaisar, keu geujak prang lawan musôh luwa atawa pemberontak Romawi, ngon pasôkan jaga bataih (limitanei) nyang sanggôp lawan seurangan ureuëng barbar, tapi makin kureuëng sanggôp geulawan invasi ureuëng barbar nyang raya. Konstantinus geulanjôt prang geulawan sukèe-sukèe di bataih Romawi—lagèe Franka, Alemanni, Goth, ngon Sarmatia—dan geupeuduek keulayi wilayah nyang ka geutinggai lé raja-raja sigohlom gobnyan bak masa Krisis Abad Keulhèe deungon ureueng-ureueng masyarakat Romawi. Bah pih Konstantinus leubeh le umu geuh udép seubagoe ureueng pagan, gopnyan dudoe jeuet keu sidroe katekumen, watee gopnyan ka geupeuphôn galak keu agama Kristen bak thôn 312, dan bak akhéjih geupeumanö lé Eusebius dari Nikomedia, sidroe uskup Arian. Gopnyan na peran nyang that peunténg lam peumakluman Edik Milan bak thôn 313, nyang geupeusah agama Kristen di Keurajeuën Romawi. Gobnyan geupeuna Konsili Nicaea Nyang Phon bak thon 325, nyang jipeuhase pernyataan iman Kristen nyang jituri seubagoe Kredo Nicaea. Ateuh peurintah gobnyan, Geurija Makam Suci geupeudong di teumpat nyang jipeugah seubagoe jirat Isa di Yerusalem dan jipeuanggab seubagoe teumpat nyang paleng suci lam donya Kristen. Lam seujarah, gobnyan geuturi seubagoe "Kaisar Kristen Nyang Phon", tapi bah pih gobnyan leubeh geudukung Geurija Kristen, na padum-padum droe ahli moderen nyang meudebat bhah keuyakinan gobnyan dan bahkan pemahaman gobnyan keu agama Kristen. Gobnyan geupeumulia seubagoe sidroe santo lam Kristen Timu dan ladôm bagian Kristen Barat, dan gobnyan ka geupeubuet le that usaha keu geupeumaju agama Kristen mangat jeuet keu arus utama lam budaya Romawi. Masa Konstantinus nakeuh saboh era nyang meubida lam seujarah Keurajeuën Romawi ngon saboh saat nyang that peunténg lam proses meukeumang dari jameun kuno klasik u Abad Teungoh. Gobnyan geupeudong saboh rumoh keurajeuën nyang barô di banda Bizantium, nyang secara resmi geuubah nan jeuët keu Roma Barô, sementaranyan geupeunan cit Constantinople keu geupeumulia nan gobnyan. Nanggroë nyan lheueh nyan jeuet keu ibukota keurajeuën nyan leubèh dari siribèe thôn—ngön Keurajeuën Romawi Timu nyang keubanyakan masa nyan biasa jih geukheun Keurajeuën Bizantium lam basa Inggréh. Bak watèe geupeutinggai keurajeuën nyan keu aneuk-aneuk agam gobnyan ngön anggèeta dinasti Konstantinian la'én, warisan politék langsông Konstantinus nakeuh geugantoë Tetrarki Diocletianus ngön prinsip suksesi dinasti. Ingatan keu gobnyan that geuhoreumat bak masa aneuk-aneuk gobnyan mantong udép dan meureutôh thôn lheueh masa peumeurèntahan gobnyan. Geurèja abad teungoh geupeugah gobnyan seubagoe suri teladan nyang paléng mulia, seumeuntara peumeurèntah sekuler geungui gobnyan seubagoe lambang keabsahan Keurajeuën. Teumèe keulayi sumber-sumber nyang meulawan Konstantinus bak awai jameun Renaissance ka jipeuteubiët peuniléyan nyang leubèh kritis ateueh masa peumeurèntahan gobnyan, deungon studi modèrèn dan kontemporer kayém geu-useuha keu geupeuseuimbang peuniléyan-peuniléyan nyang meuleubèh-leubèh dari calitra-calitra awai. == Nè == sg5a1c6mc0llz8n500e3a4cfytbs8bc 10 33581 157801 2026-04-22T01:39:52Z Tinta Emas Historia Network 33174 Geupeugöt laman ngön asoë '<includeonly><span style="{{ {{{|safesubst:}}}#if: {{{font|}}} |font-family:{{{font}}};}}{{ {{{|safesubst:}}}#if: {{{size|}}} |font-size:{{{size}}};}}{{ {{{|safesubst:}}}#if: {{{color|}}} |color:{{{color}}};}}{{ {{{|safesubst:}}}#if: {{{bgcolor|}}} |background-color:{{{bgcolor}}};}}{{ {{{|safesubst:}}}#if: {{{css|}}} |{{{css}}}}}">{{ {{{|safesubst:}}}#if: {{{1|}}} |{{{1}}}|{{{text}}}}}</span></includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude>' 157801 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly><span style="{{ {{{|safesubst:}}}#if: {{{font|}}} |font-family:{{{font}}};}}{{ {{{|safesubst:}}}#if: {{{size|}}} |font-size:{{{size}}};}}{{ {{{|safesubst:}}}#if: {{{color|}}} |color:{{{color}}};}}{{ {{{|safesubst:}}}#if: {{{bgcolor|}}} |background-color:{{{bgcolor}}};}}{{ {{{|safesubst:}}}#if: {{{css|}}} |{{{css}}}}}">{{ {{{|safesubst:}}}#if: {{{1|}}} |{{{1}}}|{{{text}}}}}</span></includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> pzwfv05e52tkgmzlwpvr2tqf09u7whp 10 33582 157802 2026-04-22T01:40:29Z Tinta Emas Historia Network 33174 Geupeugöt laman ngön asoë '{{documentation subpage}} {{high-use}} '''<nowiki>{{font}}</nowiki>''' is used to define text styles, for example, size and color. It can also be used to inject [[CSS]]. This can be useful when needed to change "I" in Arial to "{{font|I|font=Times New Roman}}" in Times New Roman, since in Arial, uppercase "I" looks the same as lowercase "L". == Use == <code><nowiki>{{font|TEXT(or「text=TEXT」)|font=FONT|size=SIZE（px/em/pt/%)|color=COLOR|bgcolor=BACKGROUND...' 157802 wikitext text/x-wiki {{documentation subpage}} {{high-use}} '''<nowiki>{{font}}</nowiki>''' is used to define text styles, for example, size and color. It can also be used to inject [[CSS]]. This can be useful when needed to change "I" in Arial to "{{font|I|font=Times New Roman}}" in Times New Roman, since in Arial, uppercase "I" looks the same as lowercase "L". == Use == <code><nowiki>{{font|TEXT(or「text=TEXT」)|font=FONT|size=SIZE（px/em/pt/%)|color=COLOR|bgcolor=BACKGROUND COLOR|css=CSS}}</nowiki></code> Note that for accessibility reasons [[MOS:FONTSIZE]] says: "No text should be reduced below 85% of the page's default font size." Also, font sizes should be set as percentages, not fixed font sizes, because: "This improves accessibility for visually impaired users who use a large default font size." If a table has been set overall to <code>style="font-size:90%;"</code>, then setting an individual cell to <code><nowiki>{{font|size=85%|...}}</nowiki></code> actually is 0.85 of 0.9 which is 76.5%. == Parameter list == ; <code>text</code> : The text to be changed. ; <code>font</code> : The text's font.<br> A list of fonts supported by Wikipedia can be found here: [[Wikipedia:Typography#Available fonts]]. ; <code>size</code> : The size of the text. Possible unit include <code>px</code>, <code>em</code>, <code>pt</code>, <code>%</code>. ; <code>color</code> : The color of the text. ; <code>bgcolor</code> : The background color. ; <code>css</code> : A [[CSS]] style. == Examples == {| class="wikitable" !Markup !Display |- |<code><nowiki>{{font|text=Some text.|font=|size=|color=}}</nowiki></code> || {{font|text=Some text.|font=|size=|color=}} |- |<code><nowiki>{{font|text=Some text.|font=Comic Sans MS|size=20px|color=green}}</nowiki></code> || {{font|text=Some text.|font=Comic Sans MS|size=20px|color=green}} |- |<code><nowiki>{{font|Illinois|font=Times New Roman|size=20px}}</nowiki></code> || {{font|Illinois|font=Times New Roman|size=20px}} |- |<code><nowiki>{{font|Illinois|font=Arial|size=20px}}</nowiki></code> || {{font|Illinois|font=Arial|size=20px}} |- |<code><nowiki>{{font|Коричневый текст.|font=Times New Roman Cyr|size=20px|color=#7f5620}}</nowiki></code> |{{font|Коричневый текст.|font=Times New Roman Cyr|size=20px|color=#7f5620}} |- |<code><nowiki>{{font|text=Hello World!|font=Century Gothic|size=35px|color=#bf00bf}}</nowiki></code> |{{font|text=Hello World!|font=Century Gothic|size=35px|color=#bf00bf}} |- |<code><nowiki>{{font|text=囧囧囧囧囧|font=Simhei|color=#c9b295|bgcolor=#364d6a}}</nowiki></code> |{{font|text=囧囧囧囧囧|font=Simhei|color=#c9b295|bgcolor=#364d6a}} |- |<code><nowiki>{{font|text=You can use all available parameters, |font=Georgia|size=20px|color=#5a7aad|bgcolor=#f9f9ef}}</nowiki></code> |{{font|text=You can use all available parameters, |font=Georgia|size=20px|color=#5a7aad|bgcolor=#f9f9ef}} |- |<code><nowiki>{{font|text=or just a single one.|size=25px}}</nowiki></code> |{{font|text=or just a single one.|size=25px}} |} ==Limitations== This template should not be used around multiple paragraphs. For example, it should not be used around multiple bullet or numbered points or more than one cell of a table. It may, however, surround as many uses of <code><nowiki><br /></nowiki></code> as desired. ==Template data== {{template data header}} {{cot|title=Template data parameterlist|bg=#ddd}} <templatedata> { "description": "Set text font, size, and color.", "params": { "text": {}, "1": {}, "font": {}, "size": {}, "color": {}, "bgcolor": {}, "title": {}, "css": {} } } </templatedata> {{cob}} == See also == * {{tl|font color}} * {{tl|script}} {{font size templates}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| [[Category:Text color templates]] <!-- 本行下加入模板的分類 --> <!-- 本行下加入模板的跨語言鏈接 --> }}</includeonly> ls93ao9j8t8layi6a1iyjfo9szli128 10 33583 157803 2026-04-22T01:45:15Z Tinta Emas Historia Network 33174 Geupeugöt laman ngön asoë '{{Documentation subpage}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES WHERE INDICATED AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE --> {{High-use|demo={{ROOTPAGENAME}}}} {{tsh|mim}} {{Warning|1=Before making a gallery, please read over the '''[[WP:IG|image use policy for galleries]]'''. Generally, a gallery '''should not be added''' so long as there is space for images to be effectively presented adjacent to text. }} {{Lua|Module:Multiple image|Module:Check for unknown parameters}} {{Uses Templ...' 157803 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES WHERE INDICATED AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE --> {{High-use|demo={{ROOTPAGENAME}}}} {{tsh|mim}} {{Warning|1=Before making a gallery, please read over the '''[[WP:IG|image use policy for galleries]]'''. Generally, a gallery '''should not be added''' so long as there is space for images to be effectively presented adjacent to text. }} {{Lua|Module:Multiple image|Module:Check for unknown parameters}} {{Uses TemplateStyles|Template:Multiple image/styles.css}} This template creates a box containing between two and ten images, arranged either vertically or horizontally and with captions for the entire box or per image. With the appropriate choice of parameters, the template can automatically resize images to a given total width with each image having the same height. '''Be aware''' that this template does ''not'' respect users' default image size preferences. [[Wikipedia:Image use policy]] states that {{tq|'''except with very good reason, do not use''' <code>px</code> [...] '''which forces a fixed image width.'''}} [[MOS:IMGSIZE]] states that a fixed width in pixels may only be specified, {{tq|where absolutely necessary.}}{{efn|The <nowiki>|upright=</nowiki> parameter can only be used to relatively-size an image when using the <nowiki>|thumb=</nowiki> parameter, and this template needs to format images without thumbs, so it has no easy way to access the Wikimedia relative-sizing machinery.}} If image size parameters are omitted, this template sets all images at 200px wide, regardless of whether the reader has set a preference for some other default image width. This causes multiple images to look out of scale to the other images in an article. ==Syntax and parameters== Provide {{para|height[n]}} and {{para|total_width}} parameters to obtain automatic resizing. Note the different meanings of the {{para|width[n]}} parameters with vs. without automatic resizing. Please also note the option to set a {{para|total_width}} parameter at the beginning of the {{tlf|multiple image}} template. ;Automatic resizing of all images to the same height and to a given total width :<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext"> {{Multiple image|total_width = 600 <!-- Layout parameters --> | align = <!-- right (default), left, center, none --> | direction = <!-- horizontal (default), vertical --> | background_color = <!-- box background as a 'hex triplet' web color prefixed by # e.g. #33CC00 --> | width = <!-- displayed width of each image in pixels (an integer, omit "px" suffix); overrides "width[n]"s below --> | caption_align = <!-- left (default), center, right --> | image_style = <!-- border:1; (default) --> | image_gap = <!-- 1 (default)--> <!-- Header --> | header_background = <!-- header background as a 'hex triplet' web color prefixed by # e.g. #33CC00 --> | header_align = <!-- center (default), left, right --> | header = <!-- header text --> <!--image 1--> | image1 = <!-- filename only, i.e. without "File:" or "Image:" prefix --> | width1 = <!-- displayed width of image; overridden by "width" above --> | class1 = <!-- CSS class. Darkmode theme options: skin-invert-image / bg-transparent --> | alt1 = | link1 = | thumbtime1 = | caption1 = <!--image 2--> | image2 = <!-- filename only, i.e. without "File:" or "Image:" prefix --> | width2 = <!-- displayed width of image; overridden by "width" above --> | class2 = <!-- CSS class. Darkmode theme options: skin-invert-image / bg-transparent --> | alt2 = | link2 = | thumbtime2 = | caption2 = <!-- and so on --> <!-- Footer --> | footer_background = <!-- footer background as a 'hex triplet' web color prefixed by # e.g. #33CC00 --> | footer_align = <!-- left (default), center, right --> | footer = <!-- footer text --> }} </syntaxhighlight> ;No automatic resizing of all images to the same height :<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext"> {{multiple image <!-- Layout parameters --> | align = <!-- right (default), left, center, none --> | direction = <!-- horizontal (default), vertical --> | background_color = <!-- box background --> | total_width = <!-- total width of all the displayed images in pixels (an integer, omit "px" suffix) --> | caption_align = <!-- left (default), center, right --> <!-- Header --> | header_background = | header_align = <!-- center (default), left, right --> | header = <!--image 1--> | image1 = <!-- filename only, i.e. without "File:" or "Image:" prefix --> | class1 = <!-- CSS class. Darkmode theme options: skin-invert-image / bg-transparent --> | alt1 = | link1 = | thumbtime1 = | caption1 = <!--image 2--> | image2 = <!-- filename only, i.e. without "File:" or "Image:" prefix --> | class2 = <!-- CSS class. Darkmode theme options: skin-invert-image / bg-transparent --> | alt2 = | link2 = | thumbtime2 = | caption2 = <!-- and so on --> <!-- Footer --> | footer_background = | footer_align = <!-- left (default), center, right --> | footer = }} </syntaxhighlight> {| class=wikitable ! Parameter !! Description |- | align || right ''(default)'', left, center |- | direction || horizontal ''(default)'', vertical |- | background_color || To set [[List of colors|the background color]] of the box in which the images appear. |- | text_color || To set caption text color. Useful for when using darker background colors. |- | header_background || |- | header_align || center ''(default)'', left, right |- | header || |- | width || Use to set the same width for each image (i.e. overrides any {{mono|width[n]}} below). Do not include if different image widths intended, including if images are to be resized to a fixed total width. |- | total_width || Use to scale the images to the same height and this total width. Do not use both {{mono|total_width}} and {{mono|width}}. |- | image''[n]'' || (where ''[n]'' = 1 to 10)&nbsp; Filename of [n]th image. |- | width''[n]'' || ''(as above)''&nbsp; Two meanings: (1) The width (in pixels, integer, omit "px") of [n]th image. Overridden by {{mono|width}} (if set). (2) The full width of the original [n]th image if {{mono|total_width}} is given in order to resize all images to the same height and a given total width. |- | height''[n]'' || ''(as above)''&nbsp; The full height of the original [n]th image if {{mono|total_width}} is given in order to resize all images to the same height and a given total width. Ignored otherwise. |- | class''[n]'' || ''(as above)''&nbsp; CSS class for the image. Useful for [[Wikipedia:Dark mode|darkmode theme]] options: skin-invert-image or bg-transparent |- | alt''[n]'' || ''(as above)''&nbsp; [[WP:ALT|Alt description]] for [n]th image. |- | link''[n]'' || ''(as above)''&nbsp; The page linked to the [n]th image (i.e. the page that is loaded when the image is clicked). * If this parameter is omitted altogether, the image will link to its [[image description page]] as usual (<u>this is by far the most common usage case</u>). * If this parameter is present but left empty (i.e. {{mono|<nowiki>...|link1= |...</nowiki>}}), the image will not link to anything – this should be the case only for purely decorative images per [[WP:ALT]]. * '''Important:''' If the image is under a [[free license]] (such as the [[GNU Free Documentation License|GDFL]] or a free [[Creative Commons license|CC license]]), the terms of such license require the license, or a link to it, to be reproduced with the image. The image '''must''', therefore, link to its image description page, which can be achieved simply by omitting the link[n] parameter from the template as mentioned. Public domain and (theoretically) non-free use images are not subject to this restriction. |- | thumbtime''[n]'' || ''(as above)''&nbsp; When using video files, sets the time within the video that is used for the initial display. This is either a number of seconds or hours:minutes:seconds; see [[:commons:Commons:Video#Setting a video thumbnail image]]. |- | caption''[n]'' || ''(as above)''&nbsp; Caption for the [n]th image. |- | caption_align || left ''(default)'', center, right |- | footer_background || |- | footer_align || left ''(default)'', center, right |- | footer || Caption that spans the entire box, as opposed to individual images. Avoid "left" and "right" if possible, since mobile devices may [[#Using direction|display the images vertically]]. |} ==Examples== {{demo|reverse=1|<nowiki>{{multiple image | width = 60 | image1 = Yellow card.svg | class1 = bg-transparent | alt1 = Yellow cartouche | image2 = Red card.svg | class2 = bg-transparent | alt2 = Red cartouche | footer = Players are cautioned with a yellow card and sent off with a red card. }}</nowiki>}} {{clear}} {{demo|reverse=1|<nowiki>{{multiple image | align = left | direction = vertical | width = 200 | header = [[Portable Network Graphics|PNG]] transparency demonstration | image1 = PNG transparency demonstration 1.png | alt1 = Colored dice with transparent background | class1 = bg-transparent | caption1 = A PNG image with an 8-bit transparency layer... | image2 = PNG transparency demonstration 2.png | alt2 = Colored dice with checkered background | caption2 = ...here overlaying a checkered background. }}</nowiki>}} {{clear}} {{demo|reverse=1|<nowiki>{{multiple image | width = 60 | image1=Ribbon numeral 2.png | alt1=2 | image2=Ribbon numeral 3.png | alt2=3 | image3=Ribbon numeral 4.png | alt3=4 | footer = When a user has many of one type of [[WP:BARN|barnstar]], they can represent them with [[WP:RIBBON|ribbons]] and these numerals to indicate the count. }}</nowiki>}} {{clear}} ===With ''background color''=== {{demo|<nowiki>{{multiple image | align = left | background_color = #BBDD99 | width = 160 | image1 = Adoxa_moschatellina_210406.jpg | alt1 = Green herb with a few tiny yellow-white flowers | image2 = Adoxa_moschatellina_210406a.jpg | alt2 = Three small white and yellow flowers before green-leaf background | image3 = adoxa_moschatellina_blatt.jpeg | alt3 = Leaves of a plant, in groups of three each with three lobes | footer_background = #33CC00 | footer_align = center | footer = ''[[Adoxa]]'' (''Adoxa moschatellina'') }}</nowiki>}} {{clear}} If the images have a clear background, this will by default be changed to white. To make the background color of the images match, set them with {{para|image_style|background-color:}}. You might want to also remove the border. {{demo|<nowiki>{{multiple image | align = center | width = 64 | background_color = black | image_style=background-color:black; border:none; | image1 = Aries symbol (planetary color).svg|link1=Aries (astrology) | image2 = Taurus symbol (planetary color).svg|link2=Taurus (astrology) | image3 = Gemini symbol (planetary color).svg|link3=Gemini (astrology) | image4 = Leo symbol (planetary color).svg|link4=Leo (astrology) }}</nowiki>}} {{clear}} ===With links (''link[n]'')=== {{demo|reverse=1|<nowiki>{{multiple image | align = left | image1 = Mule (PSF).png | width1 = 143 | alt1 = A mule | link1 = Mule | caption1 = A mule | image2 = Donkey 1 arp 750px.jpg | width2 = 150 | alt2 = A donkey | link2 = | caption2 = A donkey | image3 = Rainbow_trout.png | width3 = 91 | alt3 = A trout | caption3 = A fish | footer = The image of the mule links to [[Mule]]; the image of the donkey does not link anywhere; the image of the trout links to a [[Image description page|standard image description page]]. }}</nowiki>}} {{clear}} ===Using ''direction''=== By default, the images the template presents are displayed horizontally, as a row (see left; equivalent to setting {{para|direction|horizontal}}). To display them vertically, i.e. as a column, set {{para|direction|vertical}} (see right). {{multiple image |align=left |direction=horizontal |header=(horizontal) |width=60 |image1=Ribbon numeral 2.png |image2=Ribbon numeral 3.png |image3=Ribbon numeral 4.png }} {{multiple image |align=right |direction=vertical |header=(vertical) |width=60 |image1=Ribbon numeral 2.png |image2=Ribbon numeral 3.png |image3=Ribbon numeral 4.png }} {{clear}} On mobile devices some images may always be displayed vertically if the total width is larger than around 320. ===To match image heights=== {{hatnote|Note: The following is unnecessary if all the images presented by the template have the same [[Aspect ratio (image)|aspect ratio]]; if so, simply set {{mono|width}} accordingly.}} * Decide on a total width for all the images, say {{pval|320px}} * Set the total width using {{para|total_width}} {{demo|reverse=1|<nowiki>{{multiple image | align = right | total_width = 320 | image1 = Donkey 1 arp 750px.jpg | alt1 = A donkey | caption1 = Rectangular image of a donkey, originally 536 pixels high. | image2 = Rainbow_trout.png | alt2 = A trout | caption2 = Square image of a trout, originally 300 pixels high. | footer = Both images have been rendered with the same height, and a total width of 320px }}</nowiki>}} {{clear}} '''Using the {{para|width[n]}} and {{para|height[n]}} parameters.''' {{demo|reverse=1|<nowiki>{{multiple image | align = right | total_width = 480 | image1 = Rainbow_trout.png | caption1 = Square image of a trout, originally 300 x 300 pixels. | image2 = Rainbow_trout.png | width2 = 900 | height2 = 900 | caption2 = <code>width2</code> x <code>height2</code> = 900 x 900. | image3 = Rainbow_trout.png | width3 = 100 | height3 = 200 | caption3 = <code>width3</code> x <code>height3</code> = 100 x 200. | image4 = Rainbow_trout.png | width4 = 200 | height4 = 100 | caption4 = <code>width4</code> x <code>height4</code> = 200 x 100. | footer = All images have been rendered with the same height except for image3, which is 100/200 = 1/2 the height of the other images. Image4 is 200/100 = 2 times the height of image1, so only its top half is visible. Total width set to 480px. }}</nowiki>}} {{clear}} The aspect ratio of each image is automatically retrieved from the File metadata. You can override the native width and height values by * Examining the individual image pages to obtain the full resolution. For example: ** [[:File:Donkey 1 arp 750px.jpg]] shows "Donkey_1_arp_750px.jpg (750 × 536 pixels, file size: 125 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg)" ** [[:File:Rainbow trout.png]] shows "Rainbow_trout.png (300 × 300 pixels, file size: 158 KB, MIME type: image/png)" * Specify the full width and height for each image, of the form: ** {{para|width1}} {{para|height1}} {{para|width2}} {{para|height2}} === Multiple rows === To create an array of images, with multiple rows, use {{para|perrow}}. The value passed to {{para|perrow}} may be a single number, or a list of numbers delimited by <code>/</code>. This feature may also be combined with {{para|total_width}} for multiple rows of images with the same total width. {{demo|reverse=1|<nowiki>{{multiple image|perrow = 2|total_width=300 | image1 = Kern_Theodolit_DKM2-A.jpg | image2 = Total-Robotic-Station.jpg | image3 = DumpyLevel.jpg | image4 = GPS_Survey_Equipment_at_Weir_Dyke_Bridge_-_geograph.org.uk_-_336908.jpg | footer = Surveying Equipment. Clockwise from upper left: Optical Theodolite, Robotic total station, [[Real-time kinematic|RTK]] GPS Base station, Optical level. }}</nowiki>}} {{clear}} === Removing the image border === The border around the images can be removed using {{para|image_style|border:none}}. {{demo|reverse=1|<nowiki>{{multiple image | align = right | total_width = 320 | image_style = border:none; | image1 = Donkey 1 arp 750px.jpg | alt1 = A donkey | caption1 = Image of a donkey | image2 = Rainbow_trout.png | alt2 = A trout | caption2 = Image of a trout }}</nowiki>}} {{clear}} === Increasing the gap between images === The gap between the images can be increased using {{para|image_gap|N}}, where N is the number of pixels (must be non-negative). {{demo|reverse=1|<nowiki>{{multiple image | align = right | total_width = 320 | image_gap = 20 | image1 = Donkey 1 arp 750px.jpg | alt1 = A donkey | caption1 = Image of a donkey | image2 = Rainbow_trout.png | alt2 = A trout | caption2 = Image of a trout }}</nowiki>}} {{clear}} === Directly invoking module === On large pages, multiple uses of this template can contribute to the page exceeding the maximum [[WP:PEIS|post-expand include size]] limit. To reduce the include size, [[Module:Multiple image]] can be invoked directly as follows (note the extra <code>|</code> character after the module name): {{demo|reverse=1|<nowiki>{{#invoke:multiple image| | width = 60 | image1 = OOjs UI icon wikiTemplate.svg | class1 = skin-invert-image | image2 = Cib-lua (CoreUI Icons v1.0.0).svg | class2 = skin-invert-image }}</nowiki>}} {{clear}} ==TemplateData== {{TemplateData header}} <templatedata> { "description": "This template creates a box with two to ten images arranged vertically or horizontally with captions for the entire box and each image.", "format": "{{_\n| _________________ = _\n}}\n", "params": { "align": { "type": "string", "label": "Alignment", "default": "right", "description": "Sets text-wrapping around image box, where \"none\" places the box on the left edge with no text-wrapping, \"center\" places the box at center with no text-wrapping and \"left\" and \"right\" refer to position of box on screen with text-wrapping.", "example": "left/right/center/none", "suggestedvalues": [ "left", "center", "right", "none" ] }, "direction": { "default": "horizontal", "type": "string", "label": "Direction", "description": "Direction in which to tile the images.", "example": "horizontal/vertical", "suggested": true, "suggestedvalues": [ "horizontal", "vertical" ] }, "total_width": { "type": "number", "label": "Frame width", "description": "Use to scale the images to the same height and this total width. Do not use both total_width and width. Integer width in pixels; no \"px\" suffix", "example": "360", "suggested": true }, "perrow": { "type": "string", "label": "Row layout", "description": "Create an array of images, with multiple rows. The value passed to may be a single number or a list of numbers with each row delimited by /. Can be combined with total_width for automatic sizing of images.", "example": "1 / 2 / 1" }, "width": { "type": "number", "label": "Image width", "description": "Width overrides Width 1, Width 2, Width 3, etc. If you want the images to be different sizes, do not provide the width parameter. Integer width in pixels; no \"px\" suffix", "example": "200" }, "background_color": { "type": "string", "label": "Background color", "description": "Defines the background color between the border of the box and the images. Changing the background can be bad for accessibility, avoid when possible.", "example": "#EEFFGG or red", "aliases": [ "background color", "bg_color" ] }, "text_color": { "type": "string", "label": "Text color", "description": "Defines the caption text color. Useful for when using darker background colors.", "example": "#FFFFFF or white", "aliases": [ "color" ] }, "caption_align": { "default": "left", "type": "string", "label": "Caption alignment", "example": "left/right/center", "suggestedvalues": [ "left", "center", "right" ] }, "image1": { "description": "Image 1 is name of first image. Similarly for Image 2, etc. File name only; no \"File:\" or \"Image:\" prefix.", "type": "wiki-file-name", "example": "example.jpg", "suggested": true, "required": true, "label": "Image 1" }, "class1": { "description": "CSS class for the image. Mainly used for darkmode theme options", "type": "string", "suggested": false, "required": false, "label": "Class 1", "suggestedvalues": [ "skin-invert-image", "bg-transparent" ] }, "width1": { "description": "Width 1 is width of first image. Similarly for Width 2, etc.", "type": "number", "label": "Width 1" }, "alt1": { "type": "line", "description": "The [[alt text]] of first image (see [[WP:ALT]]). Similarly for Alt text 2, etc.", "label": "Alt text 1", "suggested": true }, "caption1": { "type": "content", "description": "Caption 1 is caption of first image. Similarly for Caption 2, etc.", "suggested": true, "label": "Caption 1" }, "link1": { "type": "wiki-page-name", "description": "Where the first page links to. Similarly for Link 2, etc. If not specified, image links to the image description page as usual. If specified to the empty value, the image does not link anywhere; this should be used for purely decorative images as per [[WP:ALT]]. Important: If the image is under a free license like the GFDL or a CC license, you must not use this parameter as the terms of those licenses require the license, or a link to it, to be reproduced with the image. The image must, therefore, link to its image page. Public domain and (theoretically) non-free use images are not subject to this restriction.", "label": "Link 1" }, "thumbtime1": { "type": "string", "description": "If image1 is an Ogg Theora file, sets the time within the video that is used for the initial display. Either a number of seconds or hours:minutes:seconds. Similarly for Thumb time 2, etc.", "label": "Thumbtime 1" }, "image2": { "example": "example.jpg", "suggested": true, "label": "Image 2", "type": "wiki-file-name" }, "class2": { "type": "string", "label": "Class 2" }, "width2": { "type": "number", "label": "Width 2" }, "alt2": { "label": "Alt text 2", "type": "line", "suggested": true }, "caption2": { "type": "content", "suggested": true, "label": "Caption 2" }, "link2": { "type": "wiki-page-name", "label": "Link 2" }, "thumbtime2": { "type": "string", "label": "Thumbtime 2" }, "image3": { "type": "wiki-file-name", "example": "example.jpg", "label": "Image 3" }, "class3": { "type": "string", "label": "Class 3" }, "width3": { "type": "number", "label": "Width 3" }, "alt3": { "type": "line", "label": "Alt text 3" }, "caption3": { "label": "Caption 3", "type": "content" }, "link3": { "label": "Link 3", "type": "wiki-page-name" }, "thumbtime3": { "type": "string", "label": "Thumbtime 3" }, "image4": { "type": "wiki-file-name", "example": "example.jpg", "label": "Image 4" }, "class4": { "type": "string", "label": "Class 4" }, "width4": { "type": "number", "label": "Width 4" }, "alt4": { "type": "line", "label": "Alt text 4" }, "caption4": { "label": "Caption 4", "type": "content" }, "link4": { "label": "Link 4", "type": "wiki-page-name" }, "thumbtime4": { "type": "string", "label": "Thumbtime 4" }, "image5": { "type": "wiki-file-name", "example": "example.jpg", "label": "Image 5" }, "class5": { "type": "string", "label": "Class 5" }, "width5": { "type": "number", "label": "Width 5" }, "alt5": { "type": "line", "label": "Alt text 5" }, "caption5": { "label": "Caption 5", "type": "content" }, "link5": { "label": "Link 5", "type": "wiki-page-name" }, "thumbtime5": { "type": "string", "label": "Thumbtime 5" }, "image6": { "type": "wiki-file-name", "example": "example.jpg", "label": "Image 6" }, "class6": { "type": "string", "label": "Class 6" }, "width6": { "type": "number", "label": "Width 6" }, "alt6": { "type": "line", "label": "Alt text 6" }, "caption6": { "label": "Caption 6", "type": "content" }, "link6": { "label": "Link 6", "type": "wiki-page-name" }, "thumbtime6": { "type": "string", "label": "Thumbtime 6" }, "image7": { "type": "wiki-file-name", "example": "example.jpg", "label": "Image 7" }, "class7": { "type": "string", "label": "Class 7" }, "width7": { "type": "number", "label": "Width 7" }, "alt7": { "type": "line", "label": "Alt text 7" }, "caption7": { "label": "Caption 7", "type": "content" }, "link7": { "label": "Link 7", "type": "wiki-page-name" }, "thumbtime7": { "type": "string", "label": "Thumbtime 7" }, "image8": { "type": "wiki-file-name", "example": "example.jpg", "label": "Image 8" }, "class8": { "type": "string", "label": "Class 8" }, "width8": { "type": "number", "label": "Width 8" }, "alt8": { "type": "line", "label": "Alt text 8" }, "caption8": { "label": "Caption 8", "type": "content" }, "link8": { "label": "Link 8", "type": "wiki-page-name" }, "thumbtime8": { "type": "string", "label": "Thumbtime 8" }, "image9": { "type": "wiki-file-name", "example": "example.jpg", "label": "Image 9" }, "class9": { "type": "string", "label": "Class 9" }, "width9": { "type": "number", "label": "Width 9" }, "alt9": { "type": "line", "label": "Alt text 9" }, "caption9": { "label": "Caption 9", "type": "content" }, "link9": { "label": "Link 9", "type": "wiki-page-name" }, "thumbtime9": { "type": "string", "label": "Thumbtime 9" }, "image10": { "type": "wiki-file-name", "example": "example.jpg", "label": "Image 10" }, "class10": { "type": "string", "label": "Class 10" }, "width10": { "type": "number", "label": "Width 10" }, "alt10": { "type": "line", "label": "Alt text 10" }, "caption10": { "label": "Caption 10", "type": "content" }, "link10": { "label": "Link 10", "type": "wiki-page-name" }, "thumbtime10": { "type": "string", "label": "Thumbtime 10" }, "image_gap": { "type": "number", "label": "Image gap", "description": "Override the distance between adjacent images. Integer width in pixels; no \"px\" suffix", "example": "20", "default": "1" }, "image_style": { "type": "string", "label": "Image style", "description": "Override the default styling of the image frame." }, "header": { "type": "content", "label": "Header", "description": "A header text to place above the entire frame." }, "header_background": { "type": "string", "label": "Header background", "description": "Defines the background color of the header field. Changing the background can be bad for accessibility, avoid when possible", "example": "#EEFFGG or red" }, "header_align": { "default": "center", "type": "string", "label": "Header alignment", "example": "left/right/center" }, "footer": { "type": "content", "label": "Footer", "description": "Caption that spans the entire box, as opposed to individual images. Avoid \"left\" and \"right\" if possible, since mobile devices may display the images vertically." }, "footer_background": { "type": "string", "label": "Footer background", "description": "Defines the background color of the footer field. Changing the background can be bad for accessibility, avoid when possible", "example": "#EEFFGG or red" }, "footer_align": { "default": "left", "type": "string", "label": "Footer alignment", "example": "left/right/center", "suggestedvalues": [ "left", "center", "right" ] }, "border": { "label": "Show or hide border", "description": "Use value \"infobox\" to hide the border when using the template within an infobox.", "suggestedvalues": [ "infobox" ] } } }</templatedata> ==Tracking categories== * {{clc|Category:Pages using multiple image with unknown parameters}} * {{clc|Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images}} * {{clc|Pages using multiple image with manual scaled images}} == Other wikis == In order to use this template on other wikis, next to the required module and stylesheet, this template also depends on [[:mediawikiwiki:Manual:$wgUseLegacyMediaStyles|$wgUseLegacyMediaStyles]]. This setting of MediaWiki provides the stylesheets for the older thumbnail styles that MediaWiki used to use up to MediaWiki 1.40. ==See also== * {{tl|Gallery}} * {{tl|Image array}} * {{tl|Image frame}} * {{tl|Photomontage}} * {{tl|Stack}} * [[Wikipedia:Collage tips]] ==Notes== {{notelist}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other| | <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Graphics templates]] [[Category:Image formatting and function templates]] [[Category:Templates that add a tracking category]] }}</includeonly> gis5gdgs5tj6n2lgn24jllp887rmk86 0 33584 157804 2026-04-22T02:07:19Z Tinta Emas Historia Network 33174 Dibuat dengan menerjemahkan halaman "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1350155722|Antioch]]" 157804 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Éntakiah{{efn|{{IPAc-en|ˈ|æ|n|t|i|.|ɒ|k}}; often referred to as '''Antioch near Daphne''' ({{langx|grc|Ἀντιόχεια ἡ ἐπὶ Δάφνῃ}}) or '''Antioch on the Orontes''' ({{langx|grc|Ἀντιόχεια ἡ ἐπὶ Ὀρόντου}}; {{lang|la|Antiochia ad Orontem}}).}}''' nakeuh saboh banda nyang na di Siria blah barôh bak teumpat Antakya jinoe, Turuki. Geupeudong bak thôn 300 SM, Antiokia jeuet keu salah saboh banda nyang paléng peunténg di Mediterania timu jameun. Sibagoë nanggroë keurajeuën Bèlasud Hellenistik, banda nyoë teutap peunténg di yup Keurajeuën Romawi ngön Bizantium, dan bak watèe Prang Salib jeuet keu pusat Keurajeuën Ubeut Antiokia. Seleucus I Nicator, sidroe ureueng nyang gantoe [[Alexander Agông|Alexander Rayek]], geupeudong Antioch meusigoe ngon lhee boh banda la'en keu geupeukong wilayah seulingka nyan, nyang baro geupeutalô. Gobnyan geupileh saboh teumpat bak Krueng Orontes di dataran Amuq blah barat daya, saboh dataran meudata nyang subô nyang jibri sumber daya meuhareuga keu Antioch; banda nyan na bak teumpat strategis dan jeuet keu pusat perdagangan. Kota nyan jeuet keu ibukota Seleukia dari thôn 240 SM sampoe thôn 63 SM, watee ureueng Romawi jikuasa; lheueh nyan, kota nyan jeuet keu ibukota Suriah Romawi. Antiokia mungkén na ureueng tinggai leubeh dari 500.000 droe bak masa paléng meukeumang, nyang jeuet keu kota nyan seubagoe kota keulhèe nyang paléng rayek di Keurajeuen Romawi lheueh Roma ngon Alexandria. Kuta nyan jeuet keu pusat utama Yahudi Helenistik bak akhé masa Bait Suci Keudua. Seubagoe salah saboh kuta nibak limong kuta rayeuk (pentarki), Antiokia geukheun "buai agama Kristen" seubab umu jih nyang panyang ngon peran peunteng nyang geupeumeu'en lam lahéjih agama Kristen awai.<ref>"The mixture of Roman, Greek, and Jewish elements admirably adapted Antioch for the great part it played in the early history of Christianity. The city was the cradle of the church." — "Antioch," ''[[Encyclopaedia Biblica]]'', Vol. I, p. 186 (p. 125 of 612 in [[iarchive:encyclopaediabib01cheyuoft|online .pdf file]]).</ref> Injil Barô Kristen geupeunyata bahwa nan "Kristen" phon that lahé di Antiokia.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://biblehub.com/acts/11-26.htm|title=Acts 11:26 and when he found him, he brought him back to Antioch. So for a full year they met together with the church and taught large numbers of people. The disciples were first called Christians at Antioch|publisher=biblehub.com|access-date=2022-10-04|archive-date=2019-04-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190416083222/https://biblehub.com/acts/11-26.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Phôn bak awai abad keu-4, Antiokia jeuet keu pusat pemerintah comes Orientis, ulèe Keuskupan Timu. Banda nyan ka meukureueng peunténg bak jameun Teungoh seubab prang, geumpa nyang sabe-sabe teujadi, ngon meu-ubah rute meuniaga. Runtôhan banda tuha Antiokia leubèh le ka teutimbôn di yup endapan aluvial dari Krueng Orontes. Banda nyoë mantong geubri nan keu Patriarkat Ortodoks Yunani Antiokhia, salah saboh geureja modern nyang that peunténg di Levant ngon Mediterania timu. Banda nyoë cit jeuët keu daya tarek ureuëng haji Islam nyang jak saweuë Meuseujid Habib-i Nejjar, nyang awaknyan peucaya na kubu Habib si Tukang Kayèë, nyang geuseubôt lam surah [[Surat Yasin|Yā-Sīn]] lam Al- [[Al-Qur'an|Quran]]. == Catatan == sezeg327spxab8w0b2beilvvow3wa2w 157805 157804 2026-04-22T02:08:53Z Tinta Emas Historia Network 33174 157805 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Éntakiah{{efn|{{IPAc-en|ˈ|æ|n|t|i|.|ɒ|k}}; often referred to as '''Antioch near Daphne''' ({{langx|grc|Ἀντιόχεια ἡ ἐπὶ Δάφνῃ}}) or '''Antioch on the Orontes''' ({{langx|grc|Ἀντιόχεια ἡ ἐπὶ Ὀρόντου}}; {{lang|la|Antiochia ad Orontem}}).}}''' nakeuh saboh banda nyang na di Siria blah barôh bak teumpat Antakya jinoe, Turuki. Geupeudong bak thôn 300 SM, Antiokia jeuet keu salah saboh banda nyang paléng peunténg di Mediterania timu jameun. Sibagoë nanggroë keurajeuën Bèlasud Hellenistik, banda nyoë teutap peunténg di yup Keurajeuën Romawi ngön Bizantium, dan bak watèe Prang Salib jeuet keu pusat Keurajeuën Ubeut Antiokia. Seleucus I Nicator, sidroe ureueng nyang gantoe [[Alexander Agông|Alexander Rayek]], geupeudong Antioch meusigoe ngon lhee boh banda la'en keu geupeukong wilayah seulingka nyan, nyang baro geupeutalô. Gobnyan geupileh saboh teumpat bak Krueng Orontes di dataran Amuq blah barat daya, saboh dataran meudata nyang subô nyang jibri sumber daya meuhareuga keu Antioch; banda nyan na bak teumpat strategis dan jeuet keu pusat perdagangan. Kota nyan jeuet keu ibukota Seleukia dari thôn 240 SM sampoe thôn 63 SM, watee ureueng Romawi jikuasa; lheueh nyan, kota nyan jeuet keu ibukota Suriah Romawi. Antiokia mungkén na ureueng tinggai leubeh dari 500.000 droe bak masa paléng meukeumang, nyang jeuet keu kota nyan seubagoe kota keulhèe nyang paléng rayek di Keurajeuen Romawi lheueh Roma ngon Alexandria. Kuta nyan jeuet keu pusat utama Yahudi Helenistik bak akhé masa Bait Suci Keudua. Seubagoe salah saboh kuta nibak limong kuta rayeuk (pentarki), Antiokia geukheun "buai agama Kristen" seubab umu jih nyang panyang ngon peran peunteng nyang geupeumeu'en lam lahéjih agama Kristen awai.<ref>"The mixture of Roman, Greek, and Jewish elements admirably adapted Antioch for the great part it played in the early history of Christianity. The city was the cradle of the church." — "Antioch," ''[[Encyclopaedia Biblica]]'', Vol. I, p. 186 (p. 125 of 612 in [[iarchive:encyclopaediabib01cheyuoft|online .pdf file]]).</ref> Injil Barô Kristen geupeunyata bahwa nan "Kristen" phon that lahé di Antiokia.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://biblehub.com/acts/11-26.htm|title=Acts 11:26 and when he found him, he brought him back to Antioch. So for a full year they met together with the church and taught large numbers of people. The disciples were first called Christians at Antioch|publisher=biblehub.com|access-date=2022-10-04|archive-date=2019-04-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190416083222/https://biblehub.com/acts/11-26.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Phôn bak awai abad keu-4, Antiokia jeuet keu pusat pemerintah comes Orientis, ulèe Keuskupan Timu. Banda nyan ka meukureueng peunténg bak jameun Teungoh seubab prang, geumpa nyang sabe-sabe teujadi, ngon meu-ubah rute meuniaga. Runtôhan banda tuha Antiokia leubèh le ka teutimbôn di yup endapan aluvial dari Krueng Orontes. Banda nyoë mantong geubri nan keu Patriarkat Ortodoks Yunani Antiokhia, salah saboh geureja modern nyang that peunténg di Levant ngon Mediterania timu. Banda nyoë cit jeuët keu daya tarek ureuëng haji Islam nyang jak saweuë Meuseujid Habib-i Nejjar, nyang awaknyan peucaya na kubu Habib si Tukang Kayèë, nyang geuseubôt lam surah [[Surat Yasin|Yā-Sīn]] lam Al- [[Al-Qur'an|Quran]]. == Catatan == == Nè == prkhnxrdpc5r9gk3hk0v2l3hrjtl3fe 157806 157805 2026-04-22T02:09:28Z Tinta Emas Historia Network 33174 157806 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ancient site | name = Antioch on the Orontes | native_name = {{lang|grc|Ἀντιόχεια ἡ ἐπὶ Ὀρόντου}}<br />{{lang|la|Antiochia ad Orontem}} | image = Antioch on the Orontes en.svg | alt = | caption = Map of Antioch in Ancient and early Medieval times under Roman rule | map_type = Turkey | map_alt = | map_size = 270 | coordinates = {{coord|36|12|17|N|36|10|54|E|tupe:landmark_region:TR-31|display=inline,title}} | location = [[Antakya]], [[Hatay Province]], [[Turkey]] | region = | type = Settlement | part_of = | length = | width = | area = {{convert|15|km2|sqmi|frac=4|abbr=on}} <!-- find good source for this claim and discuss in article's text --> | height = | builder = [[Seleucus I Nicator]] | material = | built = 300&nbsp;BC | abandoned = Insignificant by the end of the 15th century | epochs = [[Hellenistic Greece|Hellenistic]] to [[Middle Ages|medieval]] | cultures = [[Greeks|Greek]], [[Hellenistic culture|Hellenistic]], [[Ancient Rome|Roman]], [[Armenians|Armenian]], [[Syriac people|Syriac]], [[Arab people|Arab]], [[Byzantine Greeks|Byzantine]], [[Crusader states|Outremer]], [[Turkish people|Turkish]] <!-- please add the rest --> | dependency_of = | occupants = | event = [[Roman–Persian Wars]], [[First Crusade]] | excavations = 1932–1939 | archaeologists = | condition = Mostly buried | ownership = | management = | public_access = | website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} --> | notes = }} '''Éntakiah{{efn|{{IPAc-en|ˈ|æ|n|t|i|.|ɒ|k}}; often referred to as '''Antioch near Daphne''' ({{langx|grc|Ἀντιόχεια ἡ ἐπὶ Δάφνῃ}}) or '''Antioch on the Orontes''' ({{langx|grc|Ἀντιόχεια ἡ ἐπὶ Ὀρόντου}}; {{lang|la|Antiochia ad Orontem}}).}}''' nakeuh saboh banda nyang na di Siria blah barôh bak teumpat Antakya jinoe, Turuki. Geupeudong bak thôn 300 SM, Antiokia jeuet keu salah saboh banda nyang paléng peunténg di Mediterania timu jameun. Sibagoë nanggroë keurajeuën Bèlasud Hellenistik, banda nyoë teutap peunténg di yup Keurajeuën Romawi ngön Bizantium, dan bak watèe Prang Salib jeuet keu pusat Keurajeuën Ubeut Antiokia. Seleucus I Nicator, sidroe ureueng nyang gantoe [[Alexander Agông|Alexander Rayek]], geupeudong Antioch meusigoe ngon lhee boh banda la'en keu geupeukong wilayah seulingka nyan, nyang baro geupeutalô. Gobnyan geupileh saboh teumpat bak Krueng Orontes di dataran Amuq blah barat daya, saboh dataran meudata nyang subô nyang jibri sumber daya meuhareuga keu Antioch; banda nyan na bak teumpat strategis dan jeuet keu pusat perdagangan. Kota nyan jeuet keu ibukota Seleukia dari thôn 240 SM sampoe thôn 63 SM, watee ureueng Romawi jikuasa; lheueh nyan, kota nyan jeuet keu ibukota Suriah Romawi. Antiokia mungkén na ureueng tinggai leubeh dari 500.000 droe bak masa paléng meukeumang, nyang jeuet keu kota nyan seubagoe kota keulhèe nyang paléng rayek di Keurajeuen Romawi lheueh Roma ngon Alexandria. Kuta nyan jeuet keu pusat utama Yahudi Helenistik bak akhé masa Bait Suci Keudua. Seubagoe salah saboh kuta nibak limong kuta rayeuk (pentarki), Antiokia geukheun "buai agama Kristen" seubab umu jih nyang panyang ngon peran peunteng nyang geupeumeu'en lam lahéjih agama Kristen awai.<ref>"The mixture of Roman, Greek, and Jewish elements admirably adapted Antioch for the great part it played in the early history of Christianity. The city was the cradle of the church." — "Antioch," ''[[Encyclopaedia Biblica]]'', Vol. I, p. 186 (p. 125 of 612 in [[iarchive:encyclopaediabib01cheyuoft|online .pdf file]]).</ref> Injil Barô Kristen geupeunyata bahwa nan "Kristen" phon that lahé di Antiokia.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://biblehub.com/acts/11-26.htm|title=Acts 11:26 and when he found him, he brought him back to Antioch. So for a full year they met together with the church and taught large numbers of people. The disciples were first called Christians at Antioch|publisher=biblehub.com|access-date=2022-10-04|archive-date=2019-04-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190416083222/https://biblehub.com/acts/11-26.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Phôn bak awai abad keu-4, Antiokia jeuet keu pusat pemerintah comes Orientis, ulèe Keuskupan Timu. Banda nyan ka meukureueng peunténg bak jameun Teungoh seubab prang, geumpa nyang sabe-sabe teujadi, ngon meu-ubah rute meuniaga. Runtôhan banda tuha Antiokia leubèh le ka teutimbôn di yup endapan aluvial dari Krueng Orontes. Banda nyoë mantong geubri nan keu Patriarkat Ortodoks Yunani Antiokhia, salah saboh geureja modern nyang that peunténg di Levant ngon Mediterania timu. Banda nyoë cit jeuët keu daya tarek ureuëng haji Islam nyang jak saweuë Meuseujid Habib-i Nejjar, nyang awaknyan peucaya na kubu Habib si Tukang Kayèë, nyang geuseubôt lam surah [[Surat Yasin|Yā-Sīn]] lam Al- [[Al-Qur'an|Quran]]. == Catatan == == Nè == f5upukpet6rr8s16tepnsklsawpvev9 157813 157806 2026-04-22T02:41:49Z Tinta Emas Historia Network 33174 157813 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ancient site | name = Antioch on the Orontes | native_name = {{lang|grc|Ἀντιόχεια ἡ ἐπὶ Ὀρόντου}}<br />{{lang|la|Antiochia ad Orontem}} | image = Antioch on the Orontes en.svg | alt = | caption = Map of Antioch in Ancient and early Medieval times under Roman rule | map_type = Turkey | map_alt = | map_size = 270 | coordinates = {{coord|36|12|17|N|36|10|54|E|tupe:landmark_region:TR-31|display=inline,title}} | location = [[Antakya]], [[Hatay Province]], [[Turkey]] | region = | type = Settlement | part_of = | length = | width = | area = {{convert|15|km2|sqmi|frac=4|abbr=on}} <!-- find good source for this claim and discuss in article's text --> | height = | builder = [[Seleucus I Nicator]] | material = | built = 300&nbsp;BC | abandoned = Insignificant by the end of the 15th century | epochs = [[Hellenistic Greece|Hellenistic]] to [[Middle Ages|medieval]] | cultures = [[Greeks|Greek]], [[Hellenistic culture|Hellenistic]], [[Ancient Rome|Roman]], [[Armenians|Armenian]], [[Syriac people|Syriac]], [[Arab people|Arab]], [[Byzantine Greeks|Byzantine]], [[Crusader states|Outremer]], [[Turkish people|Turkish]] <!-- please add the rest --> | dependency_of = | occupants = | event = [[Roman–Persian Wars]], [[First Crusade]] | excavations = 1932–1939 | archaeologists = | condition = Mostly buried | ownership = | management = | public_access = | website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} --> | notes = }} '''Éntakiah{{efn|{{IPAc-en|ˈ|æ|n|t|i|.|ɒ|k}}; often referred to as '''Antioch near Daphne''' ({{langx|grc|Ἀντιόχεια ἡ ἐπὶ Δάφνῃ}}) or '''Antioch on the Orontes''' ({{langx|grc|Ἀντιόχεια ἡ ἐπὶ Ὀρόντου}}; {{lang|la|Antiochia ad Orontem}}).}}''' atawa geukheun cit '''Éntakiah di Kruëng Orontéh''' nakeuh saboh banda nyang na di Siria blah barôh bak teumpat Antakya jinoe, Turuki. Geupeudong bak thôn 300 SM, Antiokia jeuet keu salah saboh banda nyang paléng peunténg di Mediterania timu jameun. Sibagoë nanggroë keurajeuën Bèlasud Hellenistik, banda nyoë teutap peunténg di yup Keurajeuën Romawi ngön Bizantium, dan bak watèe Prang Salib jeuet keu pusat Keurajeuën Ubeut Antiokia. Seleucus I Nicator, sidroe ureueng nyang gantoe [[Alexander Agông|Alexander Rayek]], geupeudong Antioch meusigoe ngon lhee boh banda la'en keu geupeukong wilayah seulingka nyan, nyang baro geupeutalô. Gobnyan geupileh saboh teumpat bak Krueng Orontes di dataran Amuq blah barat daya, saboh dataran meudata nyang subô nyang jibri sumber daya meuhareuga keu Antioch; banda nyan na bak teumpat strategis dan jeuet keu pusat perdagangan. Kota nyan jeuet keu ibukota Seleukia dari thôn 240 SM sampoe thôn 63 SM, watee ureueng Romawi jikuasa; lheueh nyan, kota nyan jeuet keu ibukota Suriah Romawi. Antiokia mungkén na ureueng tinggai leubeh dari 500.000 droe bak masa paléng meukeumang, nyang jeuet keu kota nyan seubagoe kota keulhèe nyang paléng rayek di Keurajeuen Romawi lheueh Roma ngon Alexandria. Kuta nyan jeuet keu pusat utama Yahudi Helenistik bak akhé masa Bait Suci Keudua. Seubagoe salah saboh kuta nibak limong kuta rayeuk (pentarki), Antiokia geukheun "buai agama Kristen" seubab umu jih nyang panyang ngon peran peunteng nyang geupeumeu'en lam lahéjih agama Kristen awai.<ref>"The mixture of Roman, Greek, and Jewish elements admirably adapted Antioch for the great part it played in the early history of Christianity. The city was the cradle of the church." — "Antioch," ''[[Encyclopaedia Biblica]]'', Vol. I, p. 186 (p. 125 of 612 in [[iarchive:encyclopaediabib01cheyuoft|online .pdf file]]).</ref> Injil Barô Kristen geupeunyata bahwa nan "Kristen" phon that lahé di Antiokia.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://biblehub.com/acts/11-26.htm|title=Acts 11:26 and when he found him, he brought him back to Antioch. So for a full year they met together with the church and taught large numbers of people. The disciples were first called Christians at Antioch|publisher=biblehub.com|access-date=2022-10-04|archive-date=2019-04-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190416083222/https://biblehub.com/acts/11-26.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Phôn bak awai abad keu-4, Antiokia jeuet keu pusat pemerintah comes Orientis, ulèe Keuskupan Timu. Banda nyan ka meukureueng peunténg bak jameun Teungoh seubab prang, geumpa nyang sabe-sabe teujadi, ngon meu-ubah rute meuniaga. Runtôhan banda tuha Antiokia leubèh le ka teutimbôn di yup endapan aluvial dari Krueng Orontes. Banda nyoë mantong geubri nan keu Patriarkat Ortodoks Yunani Antiokhia, salah saboh geureja modern nyang that peunténg di Levant ngon Mediterania timu. Banda nyoë cit jeuët keu daya tarek ureuëng haji Islam nyang jak saweuë Meuseujid Habib-i Nejjar, nyang awaknyan peucaya na kubu Habib si Tukang Kayèë, nyang geuseubôt lam surah [[Surat Yasin|Yā-Sīn]] lam Al- [[Al-Qur'an|Quran]]. == Catatan == == Nè == 6c61ggzs5fyhojz2tfl06ltgl0m6v63 157814 157813 2026-04-22T03:00:09Z Tinta Emas Historia Network 33174 157814 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ancient site | name = Éntakiah di Kruëng Orontéh | native_name = {{lang|grc|Ἀντιόχεια ἡ ἐπὶ Ὀρόντου}}<br />{{lang|la|Antiochia ad Orontem}} | image = Antioch on the Orontes en.svg | alt = | caption = Map of Antioch in Ancient and early Medieval times under Roman rule | map_type = Turkey | map_alt = | map_size = 270 | coordinates = {{coord|36|12|17|N|36|10|54|E|tupe:landmark_region:TR-31|display=inline,title}} | location = Jinoë di [[Antakya]], [[Propinsi Hatay]], [[Turkey]] | region = | type = Peumukéman | part_of = | length = | width = | area = {{convert|15|km2|sqmi|frac=4|abbr=on}} <!-- find good source for this claim and discuss in article's text --> | height = | builder = [[Seleucus I Nicator]] | material = | built = 300&nbsp;BC | abandoned = Hana meupadum bak akhé abad keu-15 | epochs = [[Hellenistic Greece|Hellenistic]] keu [[Middle Ages|medieval]] | cultures = [[Yunani lawi]], [[Helenistik]], [[peuradaban Rumawi]], [[Areumènia]], [[peuradaban Sureuyani]], [[Arab people|Arab]], [[Bidantiôm]], [[nanggroë Salib Outremer]], [[Turuki]] <!-- please add the rest --> | dependency_of = | occupants = | event = [[Roman–Persian Wars]], [[First Crusade]] | excavations = 1932–1939 | archaeologists = | condition = Leubèh le ka meukubu | ownership = | management = | public_access = | website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} --> | notes = }} '''Éntakiah{{efn|{{IPAc-en|ˈ|æ|n|t|i|.|ɒ|k}}; often referred to as '''Antioch near Daphne''' ({{langx|grc|Ἀντιόχεια ἡ ἐπὶ Δάφνῃ}}) or '''Antioch on the Orontes''' ({{langx|grc|Ἀντιόχεια ἡ ἐπὶ Ὀρόντου}}; {{lang|la|Antiochia ad Orontem}}).}}''' atawa geukheun cit '''Éntakiah di Kruëng Orontéh''' nakeuh saboh banda nyang na di Siria blah barôh bak teumpat Antakya jinoe, Turuki. Geupeudong bak thôn 300 SM, Antiokia jeuet keu salah saboh banda nyang paléng peunténg di Mediterania timu jameun. Sibagoë nanggroë keurajeuën Bèlasud Hellenistik, banda nyoë teutap peunténg di yup Keurajeuën Romawi ngön Bizantium, dan bak watèe Prang Salib jeuet keu pusat Keurajeuën Ubeut Antiokia. Seleucus I Nicator, sidroe ureueng nyang gantoe [[Alexander Agông|Alexander Rayek]], geupeudong Antioch meusigoe ngon lhee boh banda la'en keu geupeukong wilayah seulingka nyan, nyang baro geupeutalô. Gobnyan geupileh saboh teumpat bak Krueng Orontes di dataran Amuq blah barat daya, saboh dataran meudata nyang subô nyang jibri sumber daya meuhareuga keu Antioch; banda nyan na bak teumpat strategis dan jeuet keu pusat perdagangan. Kota nyan jeuet keu ibukota Seleukia dari thôn 240 SM sampoe thôn 63 SM, watee ureueng Romawi jikuasa; lheueh nyan, kota nyan jeuet keu ibukota Suriah Romawi. Antiokia mungkén na ureueng tinggai leubeh dari 500.000 droe bak masa paléng meukeumang, nyang jeuet keu kota nyan seubagoe kota keulhèe nyang paléng rayek di Keurajeuen Romawi lheueh Roma ngon Alexandria. Kuta nyan jeuet keu pusat utama Yahudi Helenistik bak akhé masa Bait Suci Keudua. Seubagoe salah saboh kuta nibak limong kuta rayeuk (pentarki), Antiokia geukheun "buai agama Kristen" seubab umu jih nyang panyang ngon peran peunteng nyang geupeumeu'en lam lahéjih agama Kristen awai.<ref>"The mixture of Roman, Greek, and Jewish elements admirably adapted Antioch for the great part it played in the early history of Christianity. The city was the cradle of the church." — "Antioch," ''[[Encyclopaedia Biblica]]'', Vol. I, p. 186 (p. 125 of 612 in [[iarchive:encyclopaediabib01cheyuoft|online .pdf file]]).</ref> Injil Barô Kristen geupeunyata bahwa nan "Kristen" phon that lahé di Antiokia.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://biblehub.com/acts/11-26.htm|title=Acts 11:26 and when he found him, he brought him back to Antioch. So for a full year they met together with the church and taught large numbers of people. The disciples were first called Christians at Antioch|publisher=biblehub.com|access-date=2022-10-04|archive-date=2019-04-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190416083222/https://biblehub.com/acts/11-26.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Phôn bak awai abad keu-4, Antiokia jeuet keu pusat pemerintah comes Orientis, ulèe Keuskupan Timu. Banda nyan ka meukureueng peunténg bak jameun Teungoh seubab prang, geumpa nyang sabe-sabe teujadi, ngon meu-ubah rute meuniaga. Runtôhan banda tuha Antiokia leubèh le ka teutimbôn di yup endapan aluvial dari Krueng Orontes. Banda nyoë mantong geubri nan keu Patriarkat Ortodoks Yunani Antiokhia, salah saboh geureja modern nyang that peunténg di Levant ngon Mediterania timu. Banda nyoë cit jeuët keu daya tarek ureuëng haji Islam nyang jak saweuë Meuseujid Habib-i Nejjar, nyang awaknyan peucaya na kubu Habib si Tukang Kayèë, nyang geuseubôt lam surah [[Surat Yasin|Yā-Sīn]] lam Al- [[Al-Qur'an|Quran]]. == Catatan == == Nè == j7yf6eix0ccl7131f7d7cqtelpqbdh9 828 33585 157807 2026-04-22T02:10:27Z Tinta Emas Historia Network 33174 Geupeugöt laman ngön asoë '--[[--------------------------< R T L _ T >-------------------------------------------------------------------- table of language tags that render text right-to-left Data in this table scraped from {{lang-xx}} templates that set |rtl=yes keys (tags) in this table must be lowercase. TODO: in the long run, do we need this table? Can't {{langx}} apply dir="rtl" attribute automatically? ]] local rtl_t = { ----------< I S O 6 3 9 - 1 >---------- ['ae'] = tr...' 157807 Scribunto text/plain --[[--------------------------< R T L _ T >-------------------------------------------------------------------- table of language tags that render text right-to-left Data in this table scraped from {{lang-xx}} templates that set |rtl=yes keys (tags) in this table must be lowercase. TODO: in the long run, do we need this table? Can't {{langx}} apply dir="rtl" attribute automatically? ]] local rtl_t = { ----------< I S O 6 3 9 - 1 >---------- ['ae'] = true, ['ar'] = true, ['fa'] = true, ['he'] = true, ['ku'] = true, ['ps'] = true, ['sd'] = true, ['ur'] = true, ['yi'] = true, ----------< I S O 6 3 9 - 2 , - 3 >---------- ['acm'] = true, ['aeb'] = true, ['aec'] = true, ['afb'] = true, ['aii'] = true, ['aij'] = true, ['aiq'] = true, ['ajp'] = true, ['amw'] = true, ['apc'] = true, ['arb'] = true, ['arc'] = true, ['arq'] = true, ['ary'] = true, ['arz'] = true, ['ayn'] = true, ['bal'] = true, ['bdz'] = true, ['bej'] = true, ['bgn'] = true, ['bqi'] = true, ['brh'] = true, ['bsk'] = true, ['ckb'] = true, ['cld'] = true, ['deh'] = true, ['gay'] = true, ['gbz'] = true, ['glk'] = true, ['hac'] = true, ['haz'] = true, ['hbo'] = true, ['hnd'] = true, ['hno'] = true, ['jog'] = true, ['jrb'] = true, ['jye'] = true, ['khw'] = true, ['kls'] = true, ['kvx'] = true, ['lrc'] = true, ['lss'] = true, ['luz'] = true, ['mey'] = true, ['mid'] = true, ['mki'] = true, ['mnj'] = true, ['mwr'] = true, ['myz'] = true, ['mzb'] = true, ['mzn'] = true, ['nlm'] = true, ['nqo'] = true, ['oru'] = true, ['ota'] = true, ['otk'] = true, ['pal'] = true, ['pes'] = true, ['prs'] = true, ['prx'] = true, ['rif'] = true, ['rys'] = true, ['sbn'] = true, ['scl'] = true, ['sgh'] = true, ['siz'] = true, ['skr'] = true, ['sqo'] = true, ['sqr'] = true, ['srh'] = true, ['syc'] = true, ['syr'] = true, ['tru'] = true, ['ttt'] = true, ['wbl'] = true, ['wne'] = true, ['xaa'] = true, ['xdm'] = true, ['xhe'] = true, ['xqa'] = true, ['ydg'] = true, } --[[--------------------------< S C R I P T _ T >-------------------------------------------------------------- table of language tags that use script subtags Data in this table scraped from {{lang-xx}} templates that set |script=<script tag> keys (tags) in this table must be lowercase. ]] local script_t = { ----------< I S O 6 3 9 - 1 >---------- ['ce'] = 'Cyrl', ['ff'] = 'Latn', ['sh'] = 'Latn', ----------< I S O 6 3 9 - 2 , - 3 >---------- ['bft'] = 'Aran', ['brx'] = 'Deva', ['bsk'] = 'Aran', ['chr'] = 'Cher', ['dgo'] = 'Deva', ['dng'] = 'Cyrl', ['dyu'] = 'Latn', ['ess'] = 'Latn', ['evn'] = 'Cyrl', ['sat'] = 'Olck', ['shn'] = 'Mymr', } --[[--------------------------< S I Z E _ T >------------------------------------------------------------------ table of language tags that use |size= Data in this table scraped from {{lang-xx}} templates that set |size=<size> keys (tags) in this table must be lowercase. ]] local size_t = { ['bft'] = '125%', } --[[--------------------------< L I N K _ T >------------------------------------------------------------------ table of language tags that use |link= Data in this table scraped from {{lang-xx}} templates that set |link= keys (tags) in this table must be lowercase. ]] local link_t = { ['en'] = 'no', } --[[--------------------------< U N S U P P O R T E D _ T >---------------------------------------------------- these are language tags from {{lang-??}} templates that should not be converted to {{langx}} during the transition from {{lang-??}} to {{langx|??}}. this table used to add a category when {{langx}} templates are encountered with these language tags. initial contents of this table copied from Wikipedia:Templates_for_discussion/Log/2024_September_27/lang-%3F%3F_templates#excluded_templates 2024-11-15: now that the conversion of the {{lang-??}} templates is complete, and User:Monkbot/task 20 has completed its work, and now that Module:Lang detects unsupported parameters, those valid IETF tags listed here can be stricken so that valid use of those tags with {{langx|<tag>|...}} can be allowed. ]] local unsupported_t = { ['bcs'] = true, -- bcs is IANA Kohumono language not Bosnian/Croatian/Serbian grouped under tag sh ['crh3'] = true, -- being deleted; convert to something like {{lang-sr-latn-cyrl}}? ['est-sea'] = true, -- {{Language with name}} wrapper; convert to private use tag: et-x-seto? ['fra-frc'] = true, -- {{Language with name}} wrapper; convert to private use tag: fr-x-frainc? ['grc-gre'] = true, -- currently (2024-11-15) being discussed for deletion ['my-name-mlcts'] = true, -- wrapper around {{lang-my-Mymr}} to render a {{lang-??}}-like result ['sq-definite'] = true, -- definiteness is a linguistic construct ['su-fonts'] = true, -- styling ['uniturk'] = true, -- a writing system ['1ca'] = true, -- uses {{lang}} and trk-Arab-TR; add that tag to ~/data for Old Anatolian Turkish? -- ['ast-leo'] = true, -- deleted; use ast-es -- ['lmo-cr'] = true, -- deleted; use lmo-x-cremish -- ['lmo-it'] = true, -- deleted; use lmo-x-berg -- ['pun'] = true, -- deleted; was a template dab -- ['sa2'] = true, -- deleted; use {{lang}} -- ['bcs-latn-cyrl'] = true, -- {{lang-x2}} template wrappers; these tags not valid -- ['cnr-cyrl-latn'] = true, -- ['cnr-latn-cyrl'] = true, -- ['sh-cyrl-latn'] = true, -- ['sh-latn-cyrl'] = true, -- ['sr-cyrl-latn'] = true, -- ['sr-latn-cyrl'] = true, -- ['uz-cyrl-latn'] = true, -- ['uz-latn-cyrl'] = true, -- ['cnr-cyrl'] = true, -- valid IETF tags; no reason to prevent their use with {{langx}} -- ['cnr-latn'] = true, -- ['hmd'] = true, -- ['ka'] = true, -- ['ku-arab'] = true, -- ['mnc'] = true, -- ['my-mymr'] = true, -- ['rus'] = true, -- sort of valid IETF tag; should be promoted to 'ru' -- ['sh-cyrl'] = true, -- ['sh-latn'] = true, -- ['sr'] = true, -- per Template_talk:Lang#tracking_sr_usage_with_issues; discussion died nothing being done -- ['sr-cyrl'] = true, -- ['sr-latn'] = true, -- ['uz-latn'] = true, -- ['zh'] = true, -- Moldovan Cyrillic -- now a redirect to Lang-ro-Cyrl -- ['vi-chunom'] = true, -- now a redirect to {{Chunom}} -- ['vi-hantu'] = true, -- now a redirect to {{Chuhan}} } --[[--------------------------< E X P O R T S >---------------------------------------------------------------- ]] return { link_t = link_t, rtl_t = rtl_t, script_t = script_t, size_t = size_t, unsupported_t = unsupported_t, } gwqe7k12n9zu6mivhd6gqfmpab6pi7r 828 33586 157808 2026-04-22T02:10:55Z Tinta Emas Historia Network 33174 Geupeugöt laman ngön asoë '{{High-risk}}' 157808 wikitext text/x-wiki {{High-risk}} 1vsgbzyho1e7oufwntwtpogvr3yfjqh 10 33587 157809 2026-04-22T02:19:46Z Tinta Emas Historia Network 33174 Geupeugöt laman ngön asoë '<noinclude>{{Being deleted|2026 January 15|Template:Infobox ancient site|merge=Template:Infobox historic site}}</noinclude>{{infobox | bodyclass = vcard | child = {{#ifeq:{{{embed|}}}|yes|yes}} | title = <includeonly>{{if empty|{{{name|}}}|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}</includeonly> | titleclass = fn org | subheader = {{#if:{{{native_name|}}}|<div class="nickname" {{#if:{{{native_name_lang|}}}|lang="{{{native_name_lang}}}"}}>{{{native_name}}}</div>}} | headerstyle =...' 157809 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{Being deleted|2026 January 15|Template:Infobox ancient site|merge=Template:Infobox historic site}}</noinclude>{{infobox | bodyclass = vcard | child = {{#ifeq:{{{embed|}}}|yes|yes}} | title = <includeonly>{{if empty|{{{name|}}}|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}</includeonly> | titleclass = fn org | subheader = {{#if:{{{native_name|}}}|<div class="nickname" {{#if:{{{native_name_lang|}}}|lang="{{{native_name_lang}}}"}}>{{{native_name}}}</div>}} | headerstyle = background-color: #eee;color:inherit; | image = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{#invoke:WikidataIB|getValue|rank=best|P18 | maxvals=1 | name=image | noicon=true | qid={{{qid|}}} | suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} | fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}} | onlysourced=no |{{{image|}}}}}|size={{if empty|{{{image_size|}}}|{{{imagewidth|}}}}}|upright={{{image_upright|}}}|alt={{if empty|{{{alt|}}}|{{{imagealttext|}}}}}}} | caption = {{{caption|}}} | image2 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{map|}}}|size={{if empty|{{{map_size|}}}|{{{mapwidth|}}}}}|sizedefault=250px|alt={{{map_alt|}}}}} | caption2 = {{#if: {{{map_type|}}}||{{{map_caption|}}}}} | image3 = {{#if: {{{map_type|}}}|{{Location map|{{{map_type|}}} |relief = {{if empty|{{{relief|}}}|1}} |alt = {{{map_alt|}}} |coordinates = {{{coordinates|}}} |float = center |mark = Archaeological site icon (red).svg |overlay_image = {{{map_overlay|}}} |marksize = {{{marksize|}}} |label = {{{map dot label|{{{map_dot_label|{{#ifeq: {{lc: {{{pushpin_label_position|}}} }} | none | | {{if empty|{{{label|}}}|{{{name|}}}|{{PAGENAMEBASE}} }} }}}}}}}} |position = {{{map_label_position|}}} |border = infobox |caption = {{#if:{{{map_caption|}}}|{{{map_caption}}}|Shown within {{#invoke:Location map|data|{{{map_type}}}|name}}}} |width = {{{map_size|}}} |default_width= 250 }}}} | caption3 = | image4 = {{#invoke:Infobox mapframe | autoWithCaption | onByDefault = {{#if:{{{map|}}}{{{map_type|}}}|no|yes}} | mapframe-wikidata = yes | mapframe-type = landmark | mapframe-marker-color = #919090 | mapframe-stroke-color = #525252 | mapframe-stroke-width = 3 | mapframe-shape-fill = #dbdbdb | mapframe-caption = Interactive map of {{if empty|{{{name|}}}|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}} }} | label1 = Alternative&nbsp;name | class1 = nickname | data1 = {{if empty|{{{other_name|}}}|{{{alternate_name|}}}}} | label2 = Location | class2 = label | data2 = {{{location|}}} | label3 = Region | class3 = label | data3 = {{{region|}}} | label4 = Coordinates | data4 = {{#if:{{{coordinates|}}}|{{#invoke:coordinates|coordinsert|{{{coordinates}}}|type:landmark}} }} | label5 = [[British national grid reference system|OS grid reference]] | data5 = {{#if:{{{gbgridref|}}}|{{gbmappingsmall|{{{gbgridref}}}}}}} | label6 = Altitude | data6 = {{#if:{{{altitude_m|}}}|{{convert|{{{altitude_m}}}|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}{{{altitude_ref|}}}|}} | label7 = {{if empty|{{{grid_name|}}}|Grid&nbsp;position}} | data7 = {{{grid_position|}}} | label8 = Type | class8 = category | data8 = {{{type|}}} | label9 = Part&nbsp;of | data9 = {{{part_of|}}} | label10 = Length | data10 = {{{length|}}} | label11 = Width | data11 = {{{width|}}} | label12 = Area | data12 = {{{area|}}} | label13 = Volume | data13 = {{{volume|}}} | label14 = Diameter | data14 = {{{diameter|}}} | label15 = Circumference | data15 = {{{circumference|}}} | label16 = Height | data16 = {{{height|}}} | header17 = {{#if:{{{builder|}}}{{{material|}}}{{{built|}}}{{{abandoned|}}}{{{epochs|}}}{{{cultures|}}}{{{occupants|}}}{{{event|}}}|History}} | label18 = Builder | data18 = {{{builder|}}} | label19 = Material | class19 = category | data19 = {{{material|}}} | label20 = Founded | data20 = {{{built|}}} | label21 = Abandoned | data21 = {{{abandoned|}}} | label22 = Periods | data22 = {{{epochs|}}} | label23 = Cultures | data23 = {{{cultures|}}} | label24 = Satellite&nbsp;of | data24 = {{{dependency_of|}}} | label25 = Associated&nbsp;with | data25 = {{{occupants|}}} | label26 = Events | data26 = {{{event|}}} | header27 = {{#if:{{{excavations|}}}{{{archaeologists|}}}{{{condition|}}}{{{ownership|}}}{{{owner|}}}{{{public_access|}}}{{{website|}}}{{{notes|}}}{{{discovered|}}}| Site notes }} | label28 = Discovered | data28 = {{{discovered|}}} | label29 = Excavation&nbsp;dates | data29 = {{{excavations|}}} | label30 = Archaeologists | data30 = {{{archaeologists|}}} | label31 = Condition | data31 = {{{condition|}}} | label32 = Ownership | data32 = {{if empty|{{{ownership|}}}|{{{owner|}}}}} | label33 = Management | data33 = {{{management|}}} | label34 = Public&nbsp;access | data34 = {{{public_access|}}} | label35 = Website | data35 = {{{website|}}} | header36 = {{#if:{{{architectural_styles|}}}{{{architectural_details|}}}|Architecture}} | label37 = Architectural styles | data37 = {{{architectural_styles|}}} | label38 = Architectural details | data38 = {{{architectural_details|}}} <!-- designation sections --> | header39 = {{#if:{{{designation1|}}}{{{designation1_offname|}}}{{{designation1_type|}}}{{{designation1_criteria|}}}{{{designation1_date|}}}{{{delisted1_date|}}}{{{designation1_partof|}}}{{{designation1_number|}}}{{{designation1_free1value|}}}{{{designation2_free1value|}}}{{{designation1_free3value|}}}{{{designation2|}}}{{{designation2_offname|}}}{{{designation2_type|}}}{{{designation2_criteria|}}}{{{designation2_date|}}}{{{delisted1_date|}}}{{{designation2_partof|}}}{{{designation2_number|}}}{{{designation2_free1value|}}}{{{designation2_free2value|}}}{{{designation2_free3value|}}} |{{Infobox designation list|embed = yes | designation1 = {{{designation1|}}} | designation1_offname = {{{designation1_offname|}}} | designation1_type = {{{designation1_type|}}} | designation1_criteria = {{{designation1_criteria|}}} | designation1_date = {{{designation1_date|}}} | delisted1_date = {{{delisted1_date|}}} | designation1_partof = {{{designation1_partof|}}} | designation1_number = {{{designation1_number|}}} | designation1_free1name = {{{designation1_free1name|}}} | designation1_free1value = {{{designation1_free1value|}}} | designation1_free2name = {{{designation1_free2name|}}} | designation1_free2value = {{{designation1_free2value|}}} | designation1_free3name = {{{designation1_free3name|}}} | designation1_free3value = {{{designation1_free3value|}}} | designation2 = {{{designation2|}}} | designation2_offname = {{{designation2_offname|}}} | designation2_type = {{{designation2_type|}}} | designation2_criteria = {{{designation2_criteria|}}} | designation2_date = {{{designation2_date|}}} | delisted2_date = {{{delisted2_date|}}} | designation2_partof = {{{designation2_partof|}}} | designation2_number = {{{designation2_number|}}} | designation2_free1name = {{{designation2_free1name|}}} | designation2_free1value = {{{designation2_free1value|}}} | designation2_free2name = {{{designation2_free2name|}}} | designation2_free2value = {{{designation2_free2value|}}} | designation2_free3name = {{{designation2_free3name|}}} | designation2_free3value = {{{designation2_free3value|}}} }} }} | label40 = Designation | data40 = {{{other_designation|}}} | header41 = {{#if: {{{nhle|}}}{{{hillfort|}}}{{{megaj|}}}{{{hes|}}} | Identifiers }} | label42 = [[National Heritage List for England|NHLE]] | data42 = {{#if: {{{nhle|}}} | [https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/{{{nhle}}} {{{nhle}}}] }} | label43 = [[Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland|''Atlas of Hillforts'']] | data43 = {{#if: {{{hillfort|}}} | [https://hillforts.arch.ox.ac.uk/?query=Atlas_of_Hillforts_4166_0,Main_Atlas_Number,{{{hillfort}}} {{{hillfort}}}] }} | label44 = [[Middle Eastern Geodatabase for Antiquities (MEGA)|MEGA-J]] | data44 = {{{megaj|}}} | label45 = [[Historic Environment Scotland]] | data45 = {{#if: {{{hes|}}} | [https://portal.historicenvironment.scot/designation/{{{hes}}} {{{hes}}}] }} | data46 = {{{embedded|}}} | below = {{{notes|}}} }}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using infobox ancient site with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page using [[Template:Infobox ancient site]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y|mapframe_args=y| abandoned | alt | alternate_name | altitude_m | altitude_ref | archaeologists | architectural_details | architectural_styles | area | builder | built | caption | circumference | condition | coordinates | cultures | delisted1_date | delisted2_date | dependency_of | designation1 | designation1_criteria | designation1_date | designation1_number | designation1_offname | designation1_partof | designation1_type | designation2 | designation2_criteria | designation2_date | designation2_number | designation2_offname | designation2_partof | designation2_type | designation1_free1name | designation1_free1value | designation1_free2name | designation1_free2value | designation1_free3name | designation1_free3value | designation2_free1name | designation2_free1value | designation2_free2name | designation2_free2value | designation2_free3name | designation2_free3value | diameter | discovered | embed | embedded | epochs | event | excavations | fetchwikidata | gbgridref | grid_name | grid_position | height | hes | hillfort | image | image_size | image_upright | imagealttext | imagewidth | length | location | management | map | map dot label | map_alt | map_caption | map_dot_label | map_label_position | map_overlay | map_size | map_type | mapwidth | marksize | material | megaj | name | native_name | native_name_lang | nhle | notes | occupants | other_designation | other_name | owner | ownership | part_of | public_access | qid | region | relief | suppressfields | type | volume | website | width }}{{#invoke:Check for conflicting parameters|check | template = [[Template:Infobox ancient site]] | cat = {{main other|Category:Pages using infobox ancient site with conflicting parameters}} | image_size; imagewidth | alt; imagealttext | map_size; mapwidth | other_name; alternate_name | ownership; owner }}<noinclude> {{documentation}}<!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage, not here! --> <!-- precolumbian = yes - non-functional tracking parameter, do not remove/change --> </noinclude> lkoz219qncpllwqb885vc4nfvsjr6io 10 33588 157810 2026-04-22T02:21:30Z Tinta Emas Historia Network 33174 Geupeugöt laman ngön asoë '{{Documentation subpage}} <!--Categories where indicated at the bottom of this page, please; interwikis at Wikidata--> {{High-use| 3375 }} {{Lua|Module:Infobox|Module:InfoboxImage|Module:Location map|Module:Coordinates|Module:Check for unknown parameters|Module:Wikidata}} {{Uses Wikidata|P18}} This template is flexible enough to be used to provide a box containing an information summary for many historical and cultural locations, even though it was originally...' 157810 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!--Categories where indicated at the bottom of this page, please; interwikis at Wikidata--> {{High-use| 3375 }} {{Lua|Module:Infobox|Module:InfoboxImage|Module:Location map|Module:Coordinates|Module:Check for unknown parameters|Module:Wikidata}} {{Uses Wikidata|P18}} This template is flexible enough to be used to provide a box containing an information summary for many historical and cultural locations, even though it was originally created for use with articles about ancient sites, excavations and constructions. == Usage == To use this template, simply copy the text from the box below, paste it at the top of your article, then complete any of the parameters which apply to the archaeological site which you are describing. Only a value for the "'''name'''" parameter is required; all others are optional. Use as few or many of the following fields as you wish. Fields for which no information is provided will not be displayed in your infobox. The more fields for which you add information, the longer will be your infobox. Infoboxes which include data for a large number of fields can interfere with other elements of your article. {{Parameter names example | name | native_name | native_name_lang | alternate_name | image | image_size | alt | caption | map_type=Earth | map_caption | altitude_m=10 | coordinates={{coord|0|0|type:landmark|display=inline}} | location | region | type | part_of | length | width | area | volume | diameter | circumference | height | builder | material | built | abandoned | epochs | cultures | dependency_of | occupants | event | discovered | excavations | archaeologists | condition | ownership | management | public_access | other_designation | website | architectural_styles | architectural_details | notes}} <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto;"> {{Infobox ancient site | name = <!-- required --> | native_name = | native_name_lang = | alternate_name = <!-- displays as "Alternative name" --> | image = | image_size = | alt = | caption = | map = | map_type = | map_alt = | map_caption = | map_size = | mapframe = <!-- "yes" to show an interactive map --> | altitude_m = <!-- Enter a number for altitude in meters (m) --> | altitude_ref = | relief = 1 | coordinates = <!-- Use {{coord}} --> | gbgridref = | map_dot_label = | marksize = | location = | region = | type = | part_of = | length = | width = | area = | volume = | diameter = | circumference = | height = | builder = | material = | built = | abandoned = | epochs = <!-- actually displays as "Periods" --> | cultures = | dependency_of = | occupants = | event = | discovered = | excavations = | archaeologists = | condition = | ownership = | management = | public_access = | other_designation = | website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} --> | architectural_styles = | architectural_details = | notes = }} </syntaxhighlight> ; Designations <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto;"> | designation1 = | designation1_offname = | designation1_type = | designation1_criteria = | designation1_date = | delisted1_date = | designation1_partof = | designation1_number = | designation1_free1name = | designation1_free1value = | designation1_free2name = | designation1_free2value = | designation1_free3name = | designation1_free3value = | designation2 = | designation2_offname = | designation2_type = | designation2_criteria = | designation2_date = | delisted2_date = | designation2_partof = | designation2_number = | designation2_free1name = | designation2_free1value = | designation2_free2name = | designation2_free2value = | designation2_free3name = | designation2_free3value = </syntaxhighlight> ;Identifiers <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto;"> | nhle = | hillfort = | megaj = | hes = </syntaxhighlight> ===Parameters=== Many of the titles displayed are broadly inclusive, and the descriptions below are suggestions. If you cannot find a description which exactly matches the information you wish to present, find the closest match. Again, only the "name" parameter is required. ::::'''General information regarding the site or structure''' * '''name =''' Name of the archaeological site or feature as spelled in English references ''(required)'' * '''native_name =''' Name in the local language or spelling (this displays below title if present). In some cases it is useful to mention two native names. For example, some ancient Greek cities in Turkey also have a name in Turkish beside their Greek and Latin (English) name. Both names can be mentioned in this entry if they are separated with the <code><nowiki><br></nowiki></code> tag to insert a line break. For example, in the case of [[Miletus]] <code><nowiki>Μίλητος<br>Milet</nowiki></code> is used. * '''alternate_name =''' Other name(s) by which the site is known. Most often this entry is used best for alternative names of the site in English. The transliteration of a foreign-language name into English often produces multiple English names with slightly different spellings. Displays as '''Alternative name''' for [[MOS:COMMONALITY|Engvar reasons]]. * '''image =''' Filename of image showing the site * '''imagealttext =''' [[Wikipedia:Alternative text for images|Alternative text]] describing the image * '''caption =''' Text for a caption beneath image * '''map_type =''' Name of the map as displayed in [[Template:Location map/List]], without the words "Location map" * '''map_alt =''' [[Wikipedia:Alternative text for images|Alternative text]] describing the map * '''map_caption =''' A caption for the map, if this entry is removed a default caption "Shown in (map name)" will be given in case the map_type entry is filled * '''map_size =''' Width of map displayed. Leave empty or remove to get the default size of 220 pixels. In some cases this default does not work well for maps which are very wide, such as the map of Turkey. In that case the map size can be increased to 270. This does not increase the standard width of the whole infobox as long as an image is used in the infobox. * '''relief =''' Any non-blank value (<code>yes</code>, <code>1</code>, etc.) will cause the template to display a [[relief mapping (computer graphics)|relief map]] image, where available. Defaults to enabled. For additional information, see [[Template:Location map#Relief parameter]]. * '''coordinates =''' {{tlx|coord}} * '''location =''' Area where the site is located, generally in the form of: town, province/state, possibly the administrative region and ending with the country. For example: [[Montalto di Castro]], [[Province of Viterbo]], [[Lazio]], [[Italy]] for the article of [[Vulci]]. * '''region =''' Use to specify the geographical region of the site, either ancient, modern or both. For example, the [[Yucatán Peninsula]], [[Attica]] or [[Mesopotamia]]. Do not mention administrative divisions such as provinces here, those should be put in the ''location'' entry. * '''type =''' Site type ([[tomb]], [[fortification]], [[Military camp|encampment]], [[temple]], [[tumulus]], [[Human settlement|settlement]], etc.) * '''part_of =''' Name of main site, if part of larger site or complex * '''length =''' Length of site in meters/kilometers, converted to imperial units with [[Template:Convert]], for example <nowiki>{{convert|50|m|abbr=on}}</nowiki> * '''width =''' Width of site in meters/kilometers, converted to imperial units with [[Template:Convert]], for example <nowiki>{{convert|1|km|abbr=on}}</nowiki> * '''area =''' Area covered by the site or structure in [[hectare]] (or in square kilometers if exceeding 1&nbsp;km{{sup|2}}), converted to imperial [[acre]]s (or square miles) with [[Template:Convert]], for example <nowiki>{{convert|5|ha|abbr=on}}</nowiki> * '''volume =''' * '''diameter =''' Diameter of a circular structure such as a barrow. * '''circumference =''' * '''height =''' Greatest height of preserved remains in meters, converted to imperial units with [[Template:Convert]]<br />&nbsp; :::'''History of the site or structure''' * '''builder =''' If known, name of person or people who built the site * '''material =''' Significant construction materials (stone, plaster, concrete, brick, wood) * '''built =''' Year of construction: c. (circa) or period if year unknown (the label for this field appears as "'''Founded'''") * '''abandoned =''' Year went out of use or destroyed: c. (circa) or period if year unknown * '''epochs =''' Period(s) during which the site was in use (e.g., Bronze Age II&ndash;Iron Age I) * '''cultures =''' Cultures which evidence has shown to have occupied the site. This can be an [[archaeological culture]] but also a culture in the sense of a people. Mention the archaeological culture in the form of a noun minus the word "culture" and mention a people in the form of an adjective. For example, a wikilink to <nowiki>[[Vinča culture]]</nowiki> becomes <nowiki>[[Vinča culture|Vinča]]</nowiki>; <nowiki>[[Celts]]</nowiki> becomes <nowiki>[[Celts|Celtic]]</nowiki>. See [[Vinča-Belo Brdo]] for an example. * '''dependency_of =''' If a satellite dependency (e.g., outlying village, quarry, etc.), specify the controlling nearby city or site * '''occupants =''' Significant historical figures occupying or associated with the site * '''event =''' Significant historical event(s) associated with the site<br />&nbsp; :::'''Other information and notes about the site or structure''' * '''excavations =''' Years for major excavation work * '''archaeologists =''' Superintending archeologist(s) * '''condition =''' Present condition of the remains (no extant remains, restored, ruined, etc.) * '''ownership =''' Is the site on private or public property * '''management =''' Pertinent info about the management of the site (private manager, admission fee, etc.) * '''public_access =''' Is the site open to public visits (Yes, No, Limited) * '''website =''' Use only if the site has an official web presence. Use {{Tl|URL}} or simply <nowiki>[http://www.very-long-url-here.com Link description]</nowiki> if the link is too long * '''notes =''' any additional necessary explanatory notes :::'''Designations''' Up to 2 designations are allowed. Normally designations are listed in decreasing scope (i.e. an international designation first, followed by a national one, etc.). Each designation is represented by a colored bar, controlled by the {{tl|Designation}} template. Though the Designation template is used in the background here, it can be used as a stand-alone template to create tables, lists, and even other infoboxes. For more information see [[Template:Designation/doc]]. To display a designation, there are several templates. While no parameters are necessary, it is recommended that at least the designation date and reference number (if applicable) are known before adding the designation. For each designation (1-2) the following parameters may be used: ''designation1'' – Input the callname of the designation here. For a list of supported callnames, see [[Template:Designation/doc#Supported designations]]. ::'''Example format –''' <code>|&nbsp;designation1 = World Heritage Site</code> ''designation1_offname'' – The official name of the historic site, as listed in the register. If the official name is the same as the common name at the top of the infobox, this field is not necessary. If more than one name is included on the register, include all of them. ::'''Example format –''' <code>|&nbsp;designation1_offname = Obélisque antique</code> ''designation1_type'' – Some registers have certain types of designations (i.e. "Natural" and "Cultural", "Grade I" and "Grade II", etc.). If the type is closely associated with the designation, input that type here. ::'''Example format –''' <code>|&nbsp;designation1_type = Cultural</code> ''designation1_criteria'' – Some registers require sites to meet specific criteria (normally one or more items in a list) for inclusion. If the criteria is known, input it here. ::'''Example format –''' <code>|&nbsp;designation1_criteria = ii, iv</code> ''designation1_date'' – Date when the site received this designation. Normally this parameter needs a reference (make sure it is properly formatted). ::'''Example format –''' <code>|&nbsp;designation1_date = <nowiki>March 4, 1972<ref>{{cite web|...}}</ref></nowiki></code> ''delisted1_date'' – If a site has been removed from a designation's list, this is the date of delisting. Setting a value to this parameter causes the designation's color bar to turn grey and adds the word "Former" to the beginning. This parameter also needs a reference. ::'''Example format –''' <code>|&nbsp;delisted1_date = <nowiki>March 5, 1972<ref>{{cite web|...}}</ref></nowiki></code> ''designation1_partof'' – Some designations are part of larger designations (i.e. an individually designated building inside a designated district or an individually designated district in a designated city). For example, [[Ellis Island]] is a part of the [[Statue of Liberty National Monument]]; both are listed as [[New York City Landmark]]s. If the larger designation is listed on the same register, include the name of the larger designation here. If a Wikipedia article exists about that designation, link to it. ::'''Example format –''' <code>|&nbsp;designation1_partof = <nowiki>[[Statue of Liberty National Monument]]</nowiki></code> ''designation1_number'' – Most registers include unique reference numbers for each site so that they can be searched for more easily than by name (There may be two Jones Houses on the register, but they have unique reference numbers). Include this reference number here. ::'''Example format –''' <code>|&nbsp;designation1_number = 70010045</code> For designation 2, these same parameters are used, only "designation1" in all the parameters is replaced by "designation2", "designation3", etc. :::'''Custom designation parameters''' Besides all of these hard-coded parameters there is also the possibility of adding up to 3 custom parameters for each designation. These can be used for information specific to that single register (such as "Region" for World Heritage Sites or "Multiple Property Submission" to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places). If there is anything extra needed to fully identify the designated site, include it here. ''designation1_free1name'' – The name (bolded part) of the 1st custom parameter you would like to identify. ::'''Example format –''' <code>|&nbsp;designation1_free1name = Region</code> ''designation1_free1value'' – The value to which you want to set the custom parameter. ::'''Example format –''' <code>|&nbsp;<nowiki>designation1_free1value = [[World Heritage Sites in Europe|Europe and North America]]</nowiki></code> Up to three custom parameters can be named and defined for each parameter (<code>|&nbsp;designation1_free2name =</code>, <code>|&nbsp;designation1_free2value =</code>, etc.). {{Para|other_designation}} may be used for designations not covered by the above. :::'''Identifiers''' These parameters are for adding numbers or labels that uniquely identify the site in a database (e.g. national registers, widely used catalogues and gazetteer). Where available they will automatically generate a link to the site's entry in that database. The following databases are currently supported: * '''nhle =''' number of the site in the [[National Heritage List for England]] (NHLE Code), e.g. 1018385 * '''hillfort =''' number of the site in the ''[[Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland]]'', e.g. 0425, do '''not''' include the country code (EN, WA, SC, NI, IR). * '''megaj =''' [[Middle Eastern Geodatabase for Antiquities (MEGA)]] Jordan Number * '''hes = ''' number of the site in the [[Historic Environment Scotland]] database, e.g. SM90209 ====Mapframe maps==== {{Infobox mapframe/doc/parameters | onByDefault = yes, unless any of these are present: {{para|map}}, {{para|map_type}} | mapframe-type = landmark }} === Policy === * Per [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Icons#Flags]] flag icons should not be used in this template. * Per [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Icons#Appropriate use]], do not add language icon templates to native names of ancient sites, because it may break the template. Do use them after URLs which lead to a website in a foreign language. ==Examples== ===Structure=== {{Infobox ancient site | name = Palace of Potytles | native_name = | alternate_name = Potytleon | image = Example svg.svg | imagealttext = Looking down onto tumbled, colorful ashlars | caption = House of Potytles excavation (fictional) | map_type = | map_alt = | map_size = | location = Izmir (Smyrna) | region = | type = Dwelling | part_of = Acropolis | length = | width = | area = {{convert|2.05|km2|abbr=on}} | height = | builder = Hyxixus | material = Stone | built = c. 480 BCE | abandoned = c. 430 BCE | epochs = Bronze II–Hellenistic | cultures = | dependency_of = | occupants = Potytles, [[Cimon]] | event = | excavations = | archaeologists = | condition = Partial restoration | ownership = Public | management = Private concessionaire, entry fee | public_access = No | website = | notes = Active excavation }} <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto;"> {{Infobox ancient site | name = Palace of Potytles | native_name = | alternate_name = Potytleon | image = Example svg.svg | imagealttext = Looking down onto tumbled, colorful ashlars | caption = House of Potytles excavation (fictional) | map_type = | map_alt = | map_size = | location = Izmir (Smyrna) | region = | type = Dwelling | part_of = Acropolis | length = | width = | area = {{convert|2.05|km2|abbr=on}} | height = | builder = Hyxixus | material = Stone | built = c. 480 BCE | abandoned = c. 430 BCE | epochs = Bronze II–Hellenistic | cultures = | dependency_of = | occupants = Potytles, [[Cimon]] | event = | excavations = | archaeologists = | condition = Partial restoration | ownership = | management = Private concessionaire, entry fee | public_access = No | website = | notes = Active excavation }} </syntaxhighlight> {{clear}} ===Larger site=== {{Infobox_ancient_site | name = Ras Ibn Hani | native_name = رأس ابن هاني | native_name_lang = ar | alternate_name = Betyllion | image = RasIbnHani,tomb1.jpg | imagealttext = A corridor built of ashlars leads to a ruined archway | caption = A tomb at Ras Ibn Hani | map_type = Syria | map_alt = Located on the Mediterranean coast of Syria | coordinates = {{coord|35|35|6|N|35|44|45.6|E|display=inline}} | location = [[Latakia]], [[Syria]] | region = | type = Settlement | part_of = | length = | width = | area = {{convert|2|ha|abbr=on}} | height = | builder = | material = | built = | abandoned = | epochs = Late Bronze–Early Byzantine | cultures = Canaanite, Hellenistic, Roman | dependency_of = [[Ugarit]] | occupants = | event = | excavations = | archaeologists = | condition = | ownership = Mixed public and private | public_access = Partial | website = | notes = Now is the site of [[Cote d'Azur, Syria|Cote d'Azur]] }} <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto;"> {{Infobox_ancient_site | name = Ras Ibn Hani | native_name = رأس ابن هاني | native_name_lang = ar | image = RasIbnHani,tomb1.jpg | imagealttext = A corridor built of ashlars leads to a ruined archway | caption = A tomb at Ras Ibn Hani | map_type = Syria | map_alt = Located on the Mediterranean coast of Syria | coordinates = {{coord|35|35|6|N|35|44|45.6|E|display=inline}} | location = [[Latakia]], [[Syria]] | region = | type = Settlement | part_of = | length = | width = | area = {{convert|2|ha|abbr=on}} | height = | builder = | material = | built = | abandoned = | epochs = Late Bronze–Early Byzantine | cultures = Canaanite, Hellenistic, Roman | dependency_of = [[Ugarit]] | occupants = | event = | excavations = | archaeologists = | condition = | ownership = Mixed public and private | public_access = Partial | website = | notes = Now is the site of [[Cote d'Azur, Syria|Cote d'Azur]] }} </syntaxhighlight> {{clear}} ==Template data== <templatedata> { "params": { "embed": { "description": "Set to \"yes\" if this infobox is embedded within another one", "type": "string", "suggestedvalues": [ "no", "yes" ] }, "name": {}, "native_name": {}, "native_name_lang": {}, "qid": {}, "suppressfields": {}, "fetchwikidata": {}, "image": {}, "image_size": {}, "imagewidth": {}, "image_upright": {}, "alt": {}, "imagealttext": {}, "caption": {}, "map": {}, "map_size": {}, "mapwidth": {}, "map_alt": {}, "map_type": {}, "map_caption": {}, "relief": {}, "coordinates": {}, "map_overlay": {}, "marksize": {}, "map dot label": {}, "map_dot_label": {}, "map_label_position": {}, "other_name": { "aliases": [ "alternate_name" ], "type": "string" }, "location": {}, "region": {}, "gbgridref": {}, "altitude_m": {}, "altitude_ref": {}, "grid_name": {}, "grid_position": {}, "type": {}, "part_of": {}, "length": {}, "width": {}, "area": {}, "volume": {}, "diameter": {}, "circumference": {}, "height": {}, "builder": {}, "material": {}, "built": {}, "abandoned": {}, "epochs": {}, "cultures": {}, "occupants": {}, "event": {}, "dependency_of": {}, "excavations": {}, "archaeologists": {}, "condition": {}, "owner": { "aliases": [ "ownership" ], "type": "string" }, "public_access": {}, "website": {}, "notes": {}, "discovered": {}, "management": {}, "architectural_styles": {}, "architectural_details": {}, "designation1": {}, "designation1_offname": {}, "designation1_type": {}, "designation1_criteria": {}, "designation1_date": {}, "delisted1_date": {}, "designation1_partof": {}, "designation1_number": {}, "designation1_free1value": {}, "designation2_free1value": {}, "designation1_free3value": {}, "designation2": {}, "designation2_offname": {}, "designation2_type": {}, "designation2_criteria": {}, "designation2_date": {}, "designation2_partof": {}, "designation2_number": {}, "designation2_free2value": {}, "designation2_free3value": {}, "designation1_free1name": {}, "designation1_free2name": {}, "designation1_free2value": {}, "designation1_free3name": {}, "delisted2_date": {}, "designation2_free1name": {}, "designation2_free2name": {}, "designation2_free3name": {}, "other_designation": {}, "nhle": {}, "hillfort": {}, "megaj": {}, "hes": {}, "embedded": {} }, "description": "Display an infobox containing a summary of an historical or cultural location, ancient site or excavation.", "paramOrder": [ "name", "native_name", "native_name_lang", "other_name", "embed", "image", "imagealttext", "image_size", "imagewidth", "image_upright", "caption", "alt", "map", "map_type", "map_alt", "map_caption", "map_size", "mapwidth", "relief", "coordinates", "map_overlay", "marksize", "map dot label", "map_dot_label", "map_label_position", "location", "region", "gbgridref", "altitude_m", "altitude_ref", "grid_name", "grid_position", "type", "part_of", "length", "width", "area", "volume", "diameter", "circumference", "height", "builder", "material", "built", "abandoned", "epochs", "cultures", "dependency_of", "occupants", "event", "discovered", "excavations", "archaeologists", "condition", "owner", "management", "public_access", "website", "notes", "architectural_styles", "architectural_details", "designation1", "designation1_offname", "designation1_type", "designation1_criteria", "designation1_date", "delisted1_date", "designation1_partof", "designation1_number", "designation1_free1name", "designation1_free1value", "designation1_free2name", "designation1_free2value", "designation1_free3name", "designation1_free3value", "designation2", "designation2_offname", "designation2_type", "designation2_criteria", "designation2_date", "delisted2_date", "designation2_partof", "designation2_number", "designation2_free1name", "designation2_free1value", "designation2_free2name", "designation2_free2value", "designation2_free3name", "designation2_free3value", "other_designation", "nhle", "hillfort", "megaj", "hes", "qid", "fetchwikidata", "embedded", "suppressfields" ], "format": "block" } </templatedata> ==Microformat== {{UF-hcard-geo}} == Tracking category == * {{clc|Pages using infobox ancient site with unknown parameters}} ==See also== [[Template:Infobox historic site]] <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| <!--Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata--> [[Category:Arts and culture infobox templates|Ancient site]] [[Category:Place infobox templates|Ancient site]] [[Category:History and events infobox templates|Ancient site]] [[Category:Embeddable templates]] [[Category:Templates with coordinates fields]] [[Category:Templates that add a tracking category]] }}</includeonly> nkljj4ekglz2jj7granhxwfimhhj2wg 828 33589 157811 2026-04-22T02:35:14Z Tinta Emas Historia Network 33174 Geupeugöt laman ngön asoë 'require('strict') local p = {} local getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs local function round(n, decimals) local pow = 10^(decimals or 0) return math.floor(n * pow + 0.5) / pow end function p.getMapParams(map, frame) if not map then error('The name of the location map definition to use must be specified', 2) end local moduletitle = mw.title.new('Module:Location map/data/' .. map) if not moduletitle then error(string.format('%q is not a...' 157811 Scribunto text/plain require('strict') local p = {} local getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs local function round(n, decimals) local pow = 10^(decimals or 0) return math.floor(n * pow + 0.5) / pow end function p.getMapParams(map, frame) if not map then error('The name of the location map definition to use must be specified', 2) end local moduletitle = mw.title.new('Module:Location map/data/' .. map) if not moduletitle then error(string.format('%q is not a valid name for a location map definition', map), 2) elseif moduletitle.exists then local mapData = mw.loadData('Module:Location map/data/' .. map) return function(name, params) if name == nil then return 'Module:Location map/data/' .. map elseif mapData[name] == nil then return '' elseif params then return mw.message.newRawMessage(tostring(mapData[name]), unpack(params)):plain() else return mapData[name] end end else error('Unable to find the specified location map definition: "Module:Location map/data/' .. map .. '" does not exist', 2) end end function p.data(frame, args, map) if not args then args = getArgs(frame, {frameOnly = true}) end if not map then map = p.getMapParams(args[1], frame) end local params = {} for k,v in ipairs(args) do if k > 2 then params[k-2] = v end end return map(args[2], #params ~= 0 and params) end local hemisphereMultipliers = { longitude = { W = -1, w = -1, E = 1, e = 1 }, latitude = { S = -1, s = -1, N = 1, n = 1 } } local function decdeg(degrees, minutes, seconds, hemisphere, decimal, direction) if decimal then if degrees then error('Decimal and DMS degrees cannot both be provided for ' .. direction, 2) elseif minutes then error('Minutes can only be provided with DMS degrees for ' .. direction, 2) elseif seconds then error('Seconds can only be provided with DMS degrees for ' .. direction, 2) elseif hemisphere then error('A hemisphere can only be provided with DMS degrees for ' .. direction, 2) end local retval = tonumber(decimal) if retval then return retval end error('The value "' .. decimal .. '" provided for ' .. direction .. ' is not valid', 2) elseif seconds and not minutes then error('Seconds were provided for ' .. direction .. ' without minutes also being provided', 2) elseif not degrees then if minutes then error('Minutes were provided for ' .. direction .. ' without degrees also being provided', 2) elseif hemisphere then error('A hemisphere was provided for ' .. direction .. ' without degrees also being provided', 2) end return nil end decimal = tonumber(degrees) if not decimal then error('The degree value "' .. degrees .. '" provided for ' .. direction .. ' is not valid', 2) elseif minutes and not tonumber(minutes) then error('The minute value "' .. minutes .. '" provided for ' .. direction .. ' is not valid', 2) elseif seconds and not tonumber(seconds) then error('The second value "' .. seconds .. '" provided for ' .. direction .. ' is not valid', 2) end decimal = decimal + (minutes or 0)/60 + (seconds or 0)/3600 if hemisphere then local multiplier = hemisphereMultipliers[direction][hemisphere] if not multiplier then error('The hemisphere "' .. hemisphere .. '" provided for ' .. direction .. ' is not valid', 2) end decimal = decimal * multiplier end return decimal end -- Finds a parameter in a transclusion of {{Coord}}. local function coord2text(para,coord) -- this should be changed for languages which do not use Arabic numerals or the degree sign local lat, long = mw.ustring.match(coord,'<span class="p%-latitude latitude">([^<]+)</span><span class="p%-longitude longitude">([^<]+)</span>') if lat then return tonumber(para == 'longitude' and long or lat) end local result = mw.text.split(mw.ustring.match(coord,'%-?[%.%d]+°[NS] %-?[%.%d]+°[EW]') or '', '[ °]') if para == 'longitude' then result = {result[3], result[4]} end if not tonumber(result[1]) or not result[2] then mw.log('Malformed coordinates value') mw.logObject(para, 'para') mw.logObject(coord, 'coord') return error('Malformed coordinates value', 2) end return tonumber(result[1]) * hemisphereMultipliers[para][result[2]] end -- effectively make removeBlanks false for caption and maplink, and true for everything else -- if useWikidata is present but blank, convert it to false instead of nil -- p.top, p.bottom, and their callers need to use this function p.valueFunc(key, value) if value then value = mw.text.trim(value) end if value ~= '' or key == 'caption' or key == 'maplink' then return value elseif key == 'useWikidata' then return false end end local function getContainerImage(args, map) if args.AlternativeMap then return args.AlternativeMap elseif args.relief then local digits = mw.ustring.match(args.relief,'^[1-9][0-9]?$') or '1' -- image1 to image99 if map('image' .. digits) ~= '' then return map('image' .. digits) end end return map('image') end function p.top(frame, args, map) if not args then args = getArgs(frame, {frameOnly = true, valueFunc = p.valueFunc}) end if not map then map = p.getMapParams(args[1], frame) end local width local default_as_number = tonumber(mw.ustring.match(tostring(args.default_width),"%d*")) if not args.width then width = round((default_as_number or 240) * (tonumber(map('defaultscale')) or 1)) elseif mw.ustring.sub(args.width, -2) == 'px' then width = mw.ustring.sub(args.width, 1, -3) else width = args.width end local width_as_number = tonumber(mw.ustring.match(tostring(width),"%d*")) or 0; if width_as_number == 0 then -- check to see if width is junk. If it is, then use default calculation width = round((default_as_number or 240) * (tonumber(map('defaultscale')) or 1)) width_as_number = tonumber(mw.ustring.match(tostring(width),"%d*")) or 0; end if args.max_width ~= "" and args.max_width ~= nil then -- check to see if width bigger than max_width local max_as_number = tonumber(mw.ustring.match(args.max_width,"%d*")) or 0; if width_as_number>max_as_number and max_as_number>0 then width = args.max_width; end end local retval = frame:extensionTag{name = 'templatestyles', args = {src = 'Module:Location map/styles.css'}} if args.float == 'center' then retval = retval .. '<div class="center">' end if args.caption and args.caption ~= '' and args.border ~= 'infobox' then retval = retval .. '<div class="locmap noresize thumb ' if args.float == '"left"' or args.float == 'left' then retval = retval .. 'tleft' elseif args.float == '"center"' or args.float == 'center' or args.float == '"none"' or args.float == 'none' then retval = retval .. 'tnone' else retval = retval .. 'tright' end retval = retval .. '"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:' .. (width + 2) .. 'px' if args.border == 'none' then retval = retval .. ';border:none' elseif args.border then retval = retval .. ';border-color:' .. args.border end retval = retval .. '"><div style="position:relative;width:' .. width .. 'px' .. (args.border ~= 'none' and ';border:1px solid lightgray">' or '">') else retval = retval .. '<div class="locmap" style="width:' .. width .. 'px;' if args.float == '"left"' or args.float == 'left' then retval = retval .. 'float:left;clear:left' elseif args.float == '"center"' or args.float == 'center' then retval = retval .. 'float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto' elseif args.float == '"none"' or args.float == 'none' then retval = retval .. 'float:none;clear:none' else retval = retval .. 'float:right;clear:right' end retval = retval .. '"><div style="width:' .. width .. 'px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:' .. width .. 'px">' end local image = getContainerImage(args, map) local currentTitle = mw.title.getCurrentTitle() retval = string.format( '%s[[File:%s|%spx|%s%s|class=notpageimage noviewer]]', retval, image, width, args.alt or ((args.label or currentTitle.text) .. ' is located in ' .. map('name')), args.maplink and ('|link=' .. args.maplink) or '' ) if args.caption and args.caption ~= '' then if (currentTitle.namespace == 0) and mw.ustring.find(args.caption, '##') then retval = retval .. '[[Category:Pages using location map with a double number sign in the caption]]' end end if args.overlay_image then return retval .. '<div style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0">[[File:' .. args.overlay_image .. '|' .. width .. 'px|class=notpageimage noviewer]]</div>' else return retval end end function p.bottom(frame, args, map) if not args then args = getArgs(frame, {frameOnly = true, valueFunc = p.valueFunc}) end if not map then map = p.getMapParams(args[1], frame) end local retval = '</div>' local currentTitle = mw.title.getCurrentTitle() if not args.caption or args.border == 'infobox' then if args.border then retval = retval .. '<div style="padding-top:0.2em">' else retval = retval .. '<div style="font-size:91%;padding-top:3px">' end retval = retval .. (args.caption or (args.label or currentTitle.text) .. ' (' .. map('name') .. ')') .. '</div>' elseif args.caption ~= '' then -- This is not the pipe trick. We're creating a link with no text on purpose, so that CSS can give us a nice image retval = retval .. '<div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify">[[:File:' .. getContainerImage(args, map) .. '| ]]</div>' .. args.caption .. '</div>' end if args.switcherLabel then retval = retval .. '<span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">' .. args.switcherLabel .. '</span>' elseif args.autoSwitcherLabel then retval = retval .. '<span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of ' .. map('name') .. '</span>' end retval = retval .. '</div></div>' if args.caption_undefined then mw.log('Removed parameter caption_undefined used.') local parent = frame:getParent() if parent then mw.log('Parent is ' .. parent:getTitle()) end mw.logObject(args, 'args') if currentTitle.namespace == 0 then retval = retval .. '[[Category:Location maps with removed parameters|caption_undefined]]' end end if map('skew') ~= '' or map('lat_skew') ~= '' or map('crosses180') ~= '' or map('type') ~= '' then mw.log('Removed parameter used in map definition ' .. map()) if currentTitle.namespace == 0 then local key = (map('skew') ~= '' and 'skew' or '') .. (map('lat_skew') ~= '' and 'lat_skew' or '') .. (map('crosses180') ~= '' and 'crosses180' or '') .. (map('type') ~= '' and 'type' or '') retval = retval .. '[[Category:Location maps with removed parameters|' .. key .. ' ]]' end end if string.find(map('name'), '|', 1, true) then mw.log('Pipe used in name of map definition ' .. map()) if currentTitle.namespace == 0 then retval = retval .. '[[Category:Location maps with a name containing a pipe]]' end end if args.float == 'center' then retval = retval .. '</div>' end return retval end local function markOuterDiv(x, y, imageDiv, labelDiv, label_size) return mw.html.create('div') :addClass('od') :addClass('notheme') -- T236137 :cssText('top:' .. round(y, 3) .. '%;left:' .. round(x, 3) .. '%;font-size:' .. label_size .. '%') :node(imageDiv) :node(labelDiv) end local function markImageDiv(mark, marksize, label, link, alt, title) local builder = mw.html.create('div') :addClass('id') :cssText('left:-' .. round(marksize / 2) .. 'px;top:-' .. round(marksize / 2) .. 'px') :attr('title', title) if marksize ~= 0 then builder:wikitext(string.format( '[[File:%s|%dx%dpx|%s|link=%s%s|class=notpageimage noviewer]]', mark, marksize, marksize, label, link, alt and ('|alt=' .. alt) or '' )) end return builder end local function markLabelDiv(label, label_size, label_width, position, background, x, marksize) if tonumber(label_size) == 0 then return mw.html.create('div'):addClass('l0'):wikitext(label) end local builder = mw.html.create('div') :cssText('width:' .. label_width .. 'em') local distance = round(marksize / 2 + 1) if position == 'top' then -- specified top builder:addClass('pv'):cssText('bottom:' .. distance .. 'px;left:' .. (-label_width / 2) .. 'em') elseif position == 'bottom' then -- specified bottom builder:addClass('pv'):cssText('top:' .. distance .. 'px;left:' .. (-label_width / 2) .. 'em') elseif position == 'left' or (tonumber(x) > 70 and position ~= 'right') then -- specified left or autodetected to left builder:addClass('pl'):cssText('right:' .. distance .. 'px') else -- specified right or autodetected to right builder:addClass('pr'):cssText('left:' .. distance .. 'px') end builder = builder:tag('div') :wikitext(label) if background then builder:cssText('background-color:' .. background) end return builder:done() end local function getX(longitude, left, right) local width = (right - left) % 360 if width == 0 then width = 360 end local distanceFromLeft = (longitude - left) % 360 -- the distance needed past the map to the right equals distanceFromLeft - width. the distance needed past the map to the left equals 360 - distanceFromLeft. to minimize page stretching, go whichever way is shorter if distanceFromLeft - width / 2 >= 180 then distanceFromLeft = distanceFromLeft - 360 end return 100 * distanceFromLeft / width end local function getY(latitude, top, bottom) return 100 * (top - latitude) / (top - bottom) end function p.mark(frame, args, map) if not args then args = getArgs(frame, {wrappers = 'Template:Location map~'}) end local mapnames = {} if not map then if args[1] then map = {} for mapname in mw.text.gsplit(args[1], '#', true) do map[#map + 1] = p.getMapParams(mw.ustring.gsub(mapname, '^%s*(.-)%s*$', '%1'), frame) mapnames[#mapnames + 1] = mapname end if #map == 1 then map = map[1] end else map = p.getMapParams('World', frame) args[1] = 'World' end end if type(map) == 'table' then local outputs = {} local oldargs = args[1] for k,v in ipairs(map) do args[1] = mapnames[k] outputs[k] = tostring(p.mark(frame, args, v)) end args[1] = oldargs return table.concat(outputs, '#PlaceList#') .. '#PlaceList#' end local x, y, longitude, latitude longitude = decdeg(args.lon_deg, args.lon_min, args.lon_sec, args.lon_dir, args.long, 'longitude') latitude = decdeg(args.lat_deg, args.lat_min, args.lat_sec, args.lat_dir, args.lat, 'latitude') if args.excludefrom then -- If this mark is to be excluded from certain maps entirely (useful in the context of multiple maps) for exclusionmap in mw.text.gsplit(args.excludefrom, '#', true) do -- Check if this map is excluded. If so, return an empty string. if args[1] == exclusionmap then return '' end end end local builder = mw.html.create() local currentTitle = mw.title.getCurrentTitle() if args.coordinates then -- Temporarily removed to facilitate infobox conversion. See [[Wikipedia:Coordinates in infoboxes]] -- if longitude or latitude then -- error('Coordinates from [[Module:Coordinates]] and individual coordinates cannot both be provided') -- end longitude = coord2text('longitude', args.coordinates) latitude = coord2text('latitude', args.coordinates) elseif not longitude and not latitude and args.useWikidata then -- If they didn't provide either coordinate, try Wikidata. If they provided one but not the other, don't. local entity = mw.wikibase.getEntity() if entity and entity.claims and entity.claims.P625 and entity.claims.P625[1].mainsnak.snaktype == 'value' then local value = entity.claims.P625[1].mainsnak.datavalue.value longitude, latitude = value.longitude, value.latitude end if args.link and (currentTitle.namespace == 0) then builder:wikitext('[[Category:Location maps with linked markers with coordinates from Wikidata]]') end end if not longitude then error('No value was provided for longitude') elseif not latitude then error('No value was provided for latitude') end if currentTitle.namespace > 0 then if (not args.lon_deg) ~= (not args.lat_deg) then builder:wikitext('[[Category:Location maps with different longitude and latitude precisions|Degrees]]') elseif (not args.lon_min) ~= (not args.lat_min) then builder:wikitext('[[Category:Location maps with different longitude and latitude precisions|Minutes]]') elseif (not args.lon_sec) ~= (not args.lat_sec) then builder:wikitext('[[Category:Location maps with different longitude and latitude precisions|Seconds]]') elseif (not args.lon_dir) ~= (not args.lat_dir) then builder:wikitext('[[Category:Location maps with different longitude and latitude precisions|Hemisphere]]') elseif (not args.long) ~= (not args.lat) then builder:wikitext('[[Category:Location maps with different longitude and latitude precisions|Decimal]]') end end if ((tonumber(args.lat_deg) or 0) < 0) and ((tonumber(args.lat_min) or 0) ~= 0 or (tonumber(args.lat_sec) or 0) ~= 0 or (args.lat_dir and args.lat_dir ~='')) then builder:wikitext('[[Category:Location maps with negative degrees and minutes or seconds]]') end if ((tonumber(args.lon_deg) or 0) < 0) and ((tonumber(args.lon_min) or 0) ~= 0 or (tonumber(args.lon_sec) or 0) ~= 0 or (args.lon_dir and args.lon_dir ~= '')) then builder:wikitext('[[Category:Location maps with negative degrees and minutes or seconds]]') end if (((tonumber(args.lat_min) or 0) < 0) or ((tonumber(args.lat_sec) or 0) < 0)) then builder:wikitext('[[Category:Location maps with negative degrees and minutes or seconds]]') end if (((tonumber(args.lon_min) or 0) < 0) or ((tonumber(args.lon_sec) or 0) < 0)) then builder:wikitext('[[Category:Location maps with negative degrees and minutes or seconds]]') end if args.skew or args.lon_shift or args.markhigh then mw.log('Removed parameter used in invocation.') local parent = frame:getParent() if parent then mw.log('Parent is ' .. parent:getTitle()) end mw.logObject(args, 'args') if currentTitle.namespace == 0 then local key = (args.skew and 'skew' or '') .. (args.lon_shift and 'lon_shift' or '') .. (args.markhigh and 'markhigh' or '') builder:wikitext('[[Category:Location maps with removed parameters|' .. key ..' ]]') end end if map('x') ~= '' then x = tonumber(mw.ext.ParserFunctions.expr(map('x', { latitude, longitude }))) else x = tonumber(getX(longitude, map('left'), map('right'))) end if map('y') ~= '' then y = tonumber(mw.ext.ParserFunctions.expr(map('y', { latitude, longitude }))) else y = tonumber(getY(latitude, map('top'), map('bottom'))) end if (x < 0 or x > 100 or y < 0 or y > 100) and not args.outside then mw.log('Mark placed outside map boundaries without outside flag set. x = ' .. x .. ', y = ' .. y) local parent = frame:getParent() if parent then mw.log('Parent is ' .. parent:getTitle()) end mw.logObject(args, 'args') if currentTitle.namespace == 0 then local key = currentTitle.prefixedText builder:wikitext('[[Category:Location maps with marks outside map and outside parameter not set|' .. key .. ' ]]') end end local mark = args.mark or map('mark') if mark == '' then mark = 'Red pog.svg' end local marksize = tonumber(args.marksize) or tonumber(map('marksize')) or 8 local imageDiv = markImageDiv(mark, marksize, args.label or mw.title.getCurrentTitle().text, args.link or '', args.alt, args[2]) local label_size = args.label_size or 91 local labelDiv if args.label and args.position ~= 'none' then labelDiv = markLabelDiv(args.label, label_size, args.label_width or 6, args.position, args.background, x, marksize) end return builder:node(markOuterDiv(x, y, imageDiv, labelDiv, label_size)) end local function switcherSeparate(s) if s == nil then return {} end local retval = {} for i in string.gmatch(s .. '#', '([^#]*)#') do i = mw.text.trim(i) retval[#retval + 1] = (i ~= '' and i) end return retval end function p.main(frame, args, map) local caption_list = {} if not args then args = getArgs(frame, {wrappers = 'Template:Location map', valueFunc = p.valueFunc}) end if args.useWikidata == nil then args.useWikidata = true end if not map then if args[1] then map = {} for mapname in string.gmatch(args[1], '[^#]+') do map[#map + 1] = p.getMapParams(mw.ustring.gsub(mapname, '^%s*(.-)%s*$', '%1'), frame) end if args['caption'] then if args['caption'] == "" then while #caption_list < #map do caption_list[#caption_list + 1] = args['caption'] end else for caption in mw.text.gsplit(args['caption'], '##', true) do caption_list[#caption_list + 1] = caption end end end if #map == 1 then map = map[1] end else map = p.getMapParams('World', frame) end end if type(map) == 'table' then local altmaps = switcherSeparate(args.AlternativeMap) if #altmaps > #map then error(string.format('%d AlternativeMaps were provided, but only %d maps were provided', #altmaps, #map)) end local overlays = switcherSeparate(args.overlay_image) if #overlays > #map then error(string.format('%d overlay_images were provided, but only %d maps were provided', #overlays, #map)) end if #caption_list > #map then error(string.format('%d captions were provided, but only %d maps were provided', #caption_list, #map)) end local outputs = {} args.autoSwitcherLabel = true for k,v in ipairs(map) do args.AlternativeMap = altmaps[k] args.overlay_image = overlays[k] args.caption = caption_list[k] outputs[k] = p.main(frame, args, v) end return '<div class="switcher-container">' .. table.concat(outputs) .. '</div>' else return p.top(frame, args, map) .. tostring( p.mark(frame, args, map) ) .. p.bottom(frame, args, map) end end return p 07icxbtq9eg84dyuhbuyo1sfebx4tq4 828 33590 157812 2026-04-22T02:36:09Z Tinta Emas Historia Network 33174 Geupeugöt laman ngön asoë '{{Module rating|release}} <!-- Categories go at the bottom of this page and interwikis go in Wikidata. --> {{High-use}} {{Lua|Module:Arguments}} {{Uses TemplateStyles|Module:Location map/styles.css}} == Usage == This module implements the {{tl|Location map}} and {{tl|Location map~}} templates. Please see the template pages for usage instructions. == Known issues == Since the introduction of support for different captions when multiple maps are utilized, a...' 157812 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Module rating|release}} <!-- Categories go at the bottom of this page and interwikis go in Wikidata. --> {{High-use}} {{Lua|Module:Arguments}} {{Uses TemplateStyles|Module:Location map/styles.css}} == Usage == This module implements the {{tl|Location map}} and {{tl|Location map~}} templates. Please see the template pages for usage instructions. == Known issues == Since the introduction of support for different captions when multiple maps are utilized, an issue has been highlighted.<br /> Some infobox templates use their caption parameter directly instead of passing it to this module. This results in the display of a "##" between the two captions.<br /> If you are unable to edit the infobox template, contact {{u|Bellezzasolo}}. == Tracking/maintenance categories == [[:Category:Location maps with possible errors|Category:Location maps with possible errors]] ** {{clc|Location maps with different longitude and latitude precisions}} ** {{clc|Location maps with marks outside map and outside parameter not set}} ** {{clc|Location maps with a name containing a pipe‎}} ** {{clc|Location maps with removed parameters‎}} ** {{clc|Location maps with negative degrees and minutes or seconds}} Tracking for a change (see talk): {{clc|Pages using location map with a double number sign in the caption}} == See also == [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:PrefixIndex?prefix=Location+map&namespace=828 All Module: pages beginning with "Location map"] [[Module:Location map/info]] [[Module:Location map/multi]] <includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|sandbox|| <!-- Categories go here and interwikis go in Wikidata. --> [[Category:Location map modules]] [[Category:Modules that add a tracking category]] }}</includeonly><noinclude> [[Category:Module documentation pages]] </noinclude> Translate 3cryqhhbbey79560x8vgf6kd2qg4gcz 828 33591 157815 2026-04-22T03:02:57Z Tinta Emas Historia Network 33174 Geupeugöt laman ngön asoë '{{High-risk}} {{Module rating|protected}} {{Tracks and uses Wikidata|P625}} {{Lua|Module:Math|Module:Arguments}} {{Uses TemplateStyles|Module:Coordinates/styles.css}} '''Note:''' The code which this module's main function (<code>coord</code>) outputs is directly parsed and/or manipulated by [[Module:Location map]] and other functions of this module itself (<code>coord2text</code> and <code>coordinsert</code>). If the structure of the output changes (for exampl...' 157815 wikitext text/x-wiki {{High-risk}} {{Module rating|protected}} {{Tracks and uses Wikidata|P625}} {{Lua|Module:Math|Module:Arguments}} {{Uses TemplateStyles|Module:Coordinates/styles.css}} '''Note:''' The code which this module's main function (<code>coord</code>) outputs is directly parsed and/or manipulated by [[Module:Location map]] and other functions of this module itself (<code>coord2text</code> and <code>coordinsert</code>). If the structure of the output changes (for example, to use [[:mw:Help:Extension:Kartographer|the <code><nowiki><mapframe></nowiki></code> and <code><nowiki><maplink></nowiki></code> tags]]), please update the aforementioned scripts as well. ==Using the module with coordinsert== When using the {{tl|Coord}} template inside another template, like an infobox, there may be parameters (like <code><var>type</var>:<var>airport</var></code>) which should be added automatically. To do so, do something like this: <code>&#123;&#123;#if:&#123;&#123;&#123;coordinates&#124;&#125;&#125;&#125;&#124;&#123;&#123;#invoke:Coordinates&#124;coordinsert&#124;&#123;&#123;&#123;coordinates&#124;&#125;&#125;&#125;&#124;<var>parameter1:value1&#124;parameter2:value2&#124;parameter3:value3…</var>&#125;&#125;&#124;</code> Do not add more vertical bars <code>&#124;</code> than necessary. ==Using the module with coord2text to extract latitude or longitude== Developers maintaining legacy code may need to extract latitude or longitude to use a parameters in other code, or a mathematical expression. The module's "coord2text" function can be used to extract data from the {{tl|Coord}} template. To extract the latitude from a Coord template, use: <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:coordinates|coord2text|{{Coord|57|18|22|N|4|27|32|E}}|lat}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{#invoke:coordinates|coord2text|{{Coord|57|18|22|N|4|27|32|E}}|lat}} To extract the longitude, use: <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:coordinates|coord2text|{{Coord|57|18|22|N|4|27|32|E}}|long}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{#invoke:coordinates|coord2text|{{Coord|57|18|22|N|4|27|32|E}}|long}} == Modules using this module directly == * [[Module:HS listed building row]] == Tracking categories == * {{clc|Pages with malformed coordinate tags}} * {{clc|Coordinates not on Wikidata‎}} * {{clc|Coordinates on Wikidata‎}} * {{clc|Coordinates on Wikidata set to no value‎}} * {{clc|Coordinates on Wikidata set to unknown value‎}} <includeonly>{{#switch:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|sandbox2|sandbox=| [[Category:Modules that add a tracking category]] }}</includeonly><noinclude> [[Category:Module documentation pages]] </noinclude> qu35mbm3gcyyuk0x7j9t3kithif2kbw 828 33592 157816 2026-04-22T03:04:39Z Tinta Emas Historia Network 33174 Geupeugöt laman ngön asoë '/* {{pp-template}} */ /* Geographical coordinates defaults. The classes "geo", "longitude", and "latitude" are used by the [[Geo microformat]]. */ .geo-default, .geo-dms, .geo-dec { display: inline; } .geo-nondefault, .geo-multi-punct, .geo-inline-hidden { display: none; } .longitude, .latitude { white-space: nowrap; }' 157816 sanitized-css text/css /* {{pp-template}} */ /* Geographical coordinates defaults. The classes "geo", "longitude", and "latitude" are used by the [[Geo microformat]]. */ .geo-default, .geo-dms, .geo-dec { display: inline; } .geo-nondefault, .geo-multi-punct, .geo-inline-hidden { display: none; } .longitude, .latitude { white-space: nowrap; } 372gk2cap99kasnuwl2084jfakikzgw 10 33593 157817 2026-04-22T03:08:32Z Tinta Emas Historia Network 33174 Geupeugöt laman ngön asoë '<span style="display:none" data-plural="0"></span><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude>' 157817 wikitext text/x-wiki <span style="display:none" data-plural="0"></span><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> ewzg4ka7f7yytuobvjjcuhlzqnkigmb 10 33594 157818 2026-04-22T03:09:02Z Tinta Emas Historia Network 33174 Geupeugöt laman ngön asoë '{{Documentation subpage}} {{template shortcut|f-s}} <!-- Add categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata --> == Usage == This template may be used to override erroneous results of {{tl|Detect singular}} and force a singular result. It takes no parameters and produces no visible output. == Example == <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext"> {{Infobox person |name=Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall |spouse=Charles, Prince of Wales{{forc...' 157818 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{template shortcut|f-s}} <!-- Add categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata --> == Usage == This template may be used to override erroneous results of {{tl|Detect singular}} and force a singular result. It takes no parameters and produces no visible output. == Example == <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext"> {{Infobox person |name=Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall |spouse=Charles, Prince of Wales{{force singular}} }} </syntaxhighlight> Without this template, the person infobox would erroneously parse <code>Charles, Prince of Wales</code> as plural and use the incorrect label "spouses" rather than "spouse". == TemplateData == <templatedata> { "params": {}, "description": "Overrides erroneous results of plurality detection to force a singular result" } </templatedata> == See also == *{{t|Force plural}} <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Wikipedia metatemplates]] }}</includeonly> l7vliz9lm7n5fn84t022e5o8mxy9exf 10 33595 157819 2026-04-22T03:12:19Z Tinta Emas Historia Network 33174 Geupeugöt laman ngön asoë '{{#switch:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{ROOTPAGENAME}} |Template:Note= {{Distinguish|Template:A note|Template:NoteTag|Template:Memo{{!}}Template:Memo <small>(Template:NoteBox)</small>|Template:Notice}} }} {{Documentation subpage}} {{High-use}} <!-- Add categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata --> {{ombox|type=delete|image=[[File:Stop hand.svg|40px|alt=icon]]|text='''This is {{plain link|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=W...' 157819 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#switch:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{ROOTPAGENAME}} |Template:Note= {{Distinguish|Template:A note|Template:NoteTag|Template:Memo{{!}}Template:Memo <small>(Template:NoteBox)</small>|Template:Notice}} }} {{Documentation subpage}} {{High-use}} <!-- Add categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata --> {{ombox|type=delete|image=[[File:Stop hand.svg|40px|alt=icon]]|text='''This is {{plain link|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Footnote3&diff=41876751&oldid=41331534|name=no longer}} the recommended method of citing sources.''' If a note list separate from the list of references is desired, {{tl|refn}}, {{tl|efn}} and {{tl|NoteTag}} may be used.<br /> For information on how to place and format citations, see [[Wikipedia:Citing sources]].<br /> An explanation on how to create 'numbered footnotes' is at [[Help:Footnotes]].}} {{Uses TemplateStyles|Template:Citation/styles.css}} This documentation is for the {{tl|ref}}, {{tl|note}}, {{tl|ref label}} and {{tl|note label}} templates. The ''note'' templates place notes into an article, and the ''ref'' templates place labeled references to the notes, with the labels normally hyperlinks for navigating from a ref to a corresponding note and back from the note to the ref. The ''label'' pair of templates are similar to the pair without the ''label'' name, but with more features. The links and backlinks are identified internally by combining the specified parameters. The templates accept a number of unnamed parameters identified by their position. It also accepts a named parameter (named ''noid'') which is deprecated since its introduction. The first parameter of {{tl|ref}} is a label that has to be used for the parameter of the corresponding {{tl|note}}. The label is used to form the fragment identifier for the footnote link and back link. The second parameter of {{tlf|ref}} is the footnote reference marker, shown as a superscript. The easiest choice is to make these two the same, but this is not a requirement. If the second parameter is not supplied, the marker is a superscripted external link of the form [''n'']. ==Syntax== The following illustrates the general syntax of each template: * {{tlp|code=on|ref|''id''|''label''|noid{{=}}noid}} * {{tlp|code=on|note|''id''|''label''|''text''}} * {{tlp|code=on|ref label|''id''|''label''|''backlink''|noid{{=}}noid}} * {{tlp|code=on|note label|''id''|''label''|''backlink''|''text''}} Description of each parameter is as follows: ===''id''=== Identifier for a note and its back link (mandatory). This is the only mandatory parameter for a {{tld|ref}} and {{tld|note}} couple, which can be used to add simple footnotes. '''Important note:''' Every pair of {{tld|ref}} and {{tld|note}}, as well as every pair of {{tld|ref label}} and {{tld|note label}}, should have unique identifiers. This applies even if multiple references pointing to the same footnote are desired. ('''Correct method of implementing this feature – using the ''label'' parameter – is illustrated further below.''') Duplicate identifiers generate invalid code, to which web browsers react differently. Some browsers report errors, while others may randomly keep one ''id'' and discard others silently. In all cases, however, navigation between some footnote marks and their body texts does not work as desired. See [[Help:Markup validation]]. {| class=wikitable |+ Example of ''id'' !Code !Result |- |<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext"> Text that requires a footnote.{{ref|a}} ==Notes== :1.{{note|a}}Body of the footnote. </syntaxhighlight> |Text that requires a footnote.{{ref|a}} {{Fake heading|Notes}} :1.{{note|a}}Body of the footnote. |} ===''label''=== Label text displayed where these templates are inserted (mandatory for {{tld|ref label}} and {{tld|note label}}). The following explains template specific behavior: *In {{tld|ref}}, {{tld|ref label}} and {{tld|note label}}, the label appears in [[superscript]]; in {{tld|note}}, the label appears as standard-sized baseline bold text. *In {{tld|ref}}, {{tld|ref label}} and {{tld|note}}, the label is also hyperlinked and helps navigating back and forth between the inline footnote marker (in the prose) and its body text. {{tld|note label}}, however, does not attach a hyperlink to the label but disregards this parameter when the ''backlink'' parameter (explained later) is present. *In {{tld|ref label}}, the label is always enclosed in brackets. {| class=wikitable |+ Example of ''label'' !Code !Result |- |<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext"> Text alpha.{{ref|Alpha|α}} Text beta.{{ref label|Beta|β}} ==Notes== :{{note|Alpha|α}} Information on alpha :{{note label|Beta|β}} Information on beta </syntaxhighlight> | Text alpha.{{ref|Alpha|α}} Text beta.{{ref label|Beta|β}} {{Fake heading|Notes}} :{{note|Alpha|α}} Information on alpha :{{note label|Beta|β}} Information on beta |} This parameter is optional in {{tld|ref}} and {{tld|note}}, therefore: *{{tld|ref}} displays a unique number in square brackets if this parameter is omitted. (See example above.) *{{tld|note}} appends this label to a back-linked [[caret]] (^), so if omitted, only a caret is displayed. (See example above.) There is no mandate to include this parameter in both ref and note portion at the same time. In fact, there may be the need to do the opposite. This example shows how to use {{tld|ref}} and {{tld|note}} to link multiple footnote markers of the same appearance to the same footnote. {| class=wikitable style="width:100%;" |+ Example of ''label'': Many to one connection ! style="width:50%;" | Code ! style="width:50%;" | Result |- |<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="white-space:pre-wrap; word-wrap:break-word;"> ... The reunification project started in 1959 and concluded in 1961. The outcome of the project was instrumental in the company's success.{{ref|Lewinsky1|A}} ... ... The consolidation efforts in 1992 had a huge impact on the company's success.{{ref|Lewinsky2|A}} ... ... The final development stage set the cornerstone for company's future activities.{{ref|LewinskyFinal|A}}... ==Notes== :A.{{note|Lewinsky1}}{{note|Lewinsky2}}{{note|LewinskyFinal}}See Brown, Lewinsky and Hart, 2009. </syntaxhighlight> |... The reunification project started in 1959 and concluded in 1961. The outcome of the project was instrumental in the company's success.{{ref|Lewinsky1|A}} ... ... The consolidation efforts in 1992 had a huge impact on the company's success.{{ref|Lewinsky2|A}} ... ... The final development stage set the cornerstone for company's future activities.{{ref|LewinskyFinal|A}}... {{Fake heading|Notes}} :A.{{note|Lewinsky1}}{{note|Lewinsky2}}{{note|LewinskyFinal}}See Brown, Lewinsky and Hart, 2009. |- |<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="white-space:pre-wrap; word-wrap:break-word;"> ... The reunification project started in 1959 and concluded in 1961. The outcome of the project was instrumental in the company's success.{{ref label|Brown1|B}} ... ... The consolidation efforts in 1992 had a huge impact on the company's success.{{ref label|Brown2|B}} ... ... The final development stage set the cornerstone for company's future activities.{{ref label|BrownLast|B}}... ==Notes== :B.{{note label|Brown1|^}}{{note label|Brown2|^}}{{note label|BrownLast|^}}See Brown, Lewinsky and Hart, 2009. </syntaxhighlight> |... The reunification project started in 1959 and concluded in 1961. The outcome of the project was instrumental in the company's success.{{ref label|Brown1|B}} ... ... The consolidation efforts in 1992 had a huge impact on the company's success.{{ref label|Brown2|B}} ... ... The final development stage set the cornerstone for company's future activities.{{ref label|BrownLast|B}}.. {{Fake heading|Notes}} :B.{{note label|Brown1|^}}{{note label|Brown2|^}}{{note label|BrownLast|^}}See Brown, Lewinsky and Hart, 2009. |} ===''backlink''=== As explained above, {{tld|note label}} does not generate a back link from ''label'' parameter. A unique parameter of {{tld|ref label}} – {{tld|note label}}, ''backlink'' is a complementary parameter that is part ''id'' and part ''label'': *"Complementary parameter" means a {{tld|ref label}} – {{tld|note label}} pair may either forgo this parameter or must both have it. *"Part ''id''" means in a {{tld|ref label}} – {{tld|note label}} pair, both ends must have the same ''backlink'' value. In addition, in any {{tld|ref label}} – {{tld|note label}} pair, the combination of ''id'' and ''backlink'' must be unique. *"Part ''label''" means in {{tld|note label}}, this parameter completely overrides ''label'' parameter. A {{tld|ref label}} with a ''backlink'' cannot connect to a {{tld|note}}. Likewise, a {{tld|note label}} with a ''backlink'' cannot connect to a {{tld|ref}}. Example: {| class=wikitable |+ Example of ''backlink'' ! style="width:50%;" | Code ! style="width:50%;" | Result |- |<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="white-space:pre-wrap; word-wrap:break-word;"> Some text.{{ref label|id5|5|1}} Some other text.{{ref label|id5|5|2}} ----- ... :5.{{note label|id5||1}}{{note label|id5||2}} Some important comment! </syntaxhighlight> | Some text.{{ref label|id5|5|1}} Some other text.{{ref label|id5|5|2}} ----- ... :5.{{note label|id5||1}}{{note label|id5||2}} Some important comment! |} This parameter (''backlink'') also accepts the special value "none" (without quotation marks), which causes a caret to appear where {{tld|note label}} is placed. {| class=wikitable |+ Example of ''backlink'' set to "none" ! style="width:50%;" | Code ! style="width:50%;" | Result |- |<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="white-space:pre-wrap; word-wrap:break-word;"> Body text.{{ref label|id4|Label 4|none}} :{{note label|id4||none}}Footnote text </syntaxhighlight> | Body text.{{ref label|id4|Label 4|none}} :{{note label|id4||none}}Footnote text |} ===''text''=== In all previous examples, the body text of a piece of footnote was inserted outside {{tld|note}} or {{tld|note label}} template. However, it is possible to insert the body text inside the template, in place of ''text'' parameter. Everything put inside ''text'' parameter glows when the user clicks on the footnote mark. In the example below, try clicking on ^S and ^T and see the difference. {| class=wikitable style="width:100%;" |+ Example of ''text'' ! style="width:50%;" | Code ! style="width:50%;" | Result |- |<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="white-space:pre-wrap; word-wrap:break-word;"> Some text.{{ref|noteS|S}} Some other text.{{ref|noteT|T}} ==Notes== :S.{{note|noteS}}Some footnote text :T.{{note|noteT||Some other footnote text}} </syntaxhighlight> |Some text.{{ref|noteS|S}} Some other text.{{ref|noteT|T}} {{Fake heading|notes}} :S.{{note|noteS}}Some footnote text :T.{{note|noteT||Some other footnote text}} |} Since the footnote body text starts without a delimiter after this string, there is a caveat: If the footnote body text starts with a lowercase letter, the first word may be attached to the back link. (For more info, see [[Help:Wikilinks]].) {| class=wikitable |+ Example of ''backlink'' bug ! style="width:50%;" | Code ! style="width:50%;" | Result |- |<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="white-space:pre-wrap; word-wrap:break-word;"> :{{ref label|id ref2a|Label 2a|Back}} :{{ref label|id ref2b|Label 2b|Back}} :{{note label|id ref2a|Label 2a|Back|Capitalized footnote}} :{{note label|id ref2b|Label 2b|Back|lower case footnote}} </syntaxhighlight> | :{{ref label|id ref2a|Label 2a|Back}} :{{ref label|id ref2b|Label 2b|Back}} :{{note label|id ref2a|Label 2a|Back|Capitalized footnote}} :{{note label|id ref2b|Label 2b|Back|lower case footnote}} |} ===noid=noid=== '''Deprecated parameter''' – Suppresses back linking from note component to ref. In case of {{tld|note}}, an active hyperlink still appears, although it is broken. This parameter was originally meant to alleviate the problem of connecting many ref tags with the same ID to one note tag with that ID. However, it only replaces one form of broken code with another. Consider using {{tld|note label}} instead, which does not generate any back link unless configured to do so. There must always be one and only one note template for every ref template with the same ''id''. ==Additional examples== {| class=wikitable |+ Additional examples ! style="width:50%;" | Code ! style="width:50%;" | Result |- |<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="white-space:pre-wrap; word-wrap:break-word;"> Article text{{ref label|reference_name_A|a|1}} more text{{ref label|reference_name_G|g|}} more text{{ref label|reference_name_B|b|2}} more text{{ref label|reference_name_C|c|3}} more text{{ref label|reference name_D|d|4}} more text{{ref label|reference name_E|e|none}} more text{{ref label|reference name_F|f|}} more text.{{ref label|reference_name_H|h|8}} * * intervening text * * {{note label|reference_name_A|a|1}}Text of note for ref a. * {{note label|reference_name_B|b|2}}Text of note for ref b. * {{note label|reference_name_C|c|3|ABCDE}}Text of note for ref c. * {{note label|reference_name_D|d|4|FGHIJ}}Text of note for ref d. * {{note label|reference_name_E|e|none}}Text of note for ref e. * {{note label|reference_name_F|f}}Text of note for ref f. * {{note label|reference_name_G|g||{{note label|reference_name_H|h|8|Text of note for refs g and h (with extended highlighting).}}}} </syntaxhighlight > | Article text{{ref label|reference_name_A|a|1}} more text{{ref label|reference_name_G|g|}} more text{{ref label|reference_name_B|b|2}} more text{{ref label|reference_name_C|c|3}} more text{{ref label|reference name_D|d|4}} more text{{ref label|reference name_E|e|none}} more text{{ref label|reference name_F|f|}} more text.{{ref label|reference_name_H|h|8}} * *intervening text * *{{note label|reference_name_A|a|1}}Text of note for ref a. *{{note label|reference_name_B|b|2}}Text of note for ref b. *{{note label|reference_name_C|c|3|ABCDE}}Text of note for ref c. *{{note label|reference_name_D|d|4|FGHIJ}}Text of note for ref d. *{{note label|reference_name_E|e|none}}Text of note for ref e. *{{note label|reference_name_F|f}}Text of note for ref f. *{{note label|reference_name_G|g||{{note label|reference_name_H|h|8|Text of note for refs g and h (with extended highlighting).}}}} |} ===Unique ID issue=== As explained earlier, the ''id'' parameter for every {{tld|ref}} – {{tld|note}} pair should be unique. The following example shows what happens when two refs use the same ''id''. Try navigating from bulleted text to footnotes and back. {| class=wikitable ! style="width:50%;" | Code ! style="width:50%;" | Result |- |<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="white-space:pre-wrap; word-wrap:break-word;"> Article text{{ref|reference_name_A|a}} more text{{ref|reference_name_B|b}} more text{{ref|reference_name_C|c}}. * Bulleted text{{ref|reference_name_B|b}} * Bulleted text{{ref|reference_name_C|c}}. * * intervening text * * {{note|reference_name_A|a}}Text for note a. * {{note|reference_name_B|b}}Text for note b. * {{note|reference_name_C|c|Text for note c (with extended highlighting).}} </syntaxhighlight> | Article text{{ref|reference_name_A|a}} more text{{ref|reference_name_B|b}} more text.{{ref|reference_name_C|c}} *Bulleted text{{ref|reference_name_B|b}} *Bulleted text{{ref|reference_name_C|c}}. * *intervening text * *{{note|reference_name_A|a}}Text for note a. *{{note|reference_name_B|b}}Text for note b. *{{note|reference_name_C|c|Text for note c (with extended highlighting).}} |} ===Table footnotes=== One common application for ref and note templates is in placing footnotes below tables, as in the following example taken from the [[Kent#Economy]] article [section]: {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right;" |- ! Year || Regional GVA{{ref label|rounding|A|↑}} ||COLSPAN=2| Agriculture ||COLSPAN=2| Industry{{ref label|energy|B|↑}} ||COLSPAN=2| Services{{ref label|financial|C|↑}} |- |COLSPAN=8 | County of Kent (excluding Medway) |- | 1995 || '''12,369''' || 379 || 3.1% || 3,886 || 31.4% || 8,104 || 65.5% |- | 2000 || '''15,259''' || 259 || 1.7% || 4,601 || 30.2% || 10,399 || 68.1% |- | 2003 || '''18,126''' || 287 || 1.6% || 5,057 || 27.9% || 12,783 || 70.5% |- |COLSPAN=8 | Medway |- | 1995 || '''1,823''' || 21 || 3.1% || 560 || 31.4% || 1,243 || 68.2% |- | 2000 || '''2,348''' || 8 || 1.7% || 745 || 30.2% || 1,595 || 67.9% |- | 2003 || '''2,671''' || 10 || 1.6% || 802 || 27.9% || 1,859 || 69.6% |} <ol type="A"> <li>{{note label|rounding|A|↑|Components may not sum to totals due to rounding}}</li> <li>{{note label|energy|B|↑|Includes energy and construction}}</li> <li>{{note label|financial|C|↑|Includes financial intermediation services indirectly measured}}</li> </ol> ==Alternative referencing style== The [[mw:Reference Tooltips|Reference Tooltips]] gadget does not work with these templates. Using ref/note tags is not the only way to create [[Help:Footnotes|footnotes]]. [[mw:Extension:Cite/Cite.php|Cite.php]] (with which Reference Tooltips does work) is currently the preferred method of creating footnotes, especially when the number of footnotes increases and the size of the article (or the area in which footnotes are used) grows. [[User:Cyde/Ref converter|Ref converter]] can convert ref/note tags to the newer Cite.php style. The following examples compares two method and also shows how they can be combined: {| class=wikitable |+ Additional examples ! style="width:50%;" | Code ! style="width:50%;" | Result |- |<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="white-space:pre-wrap; word-wrap:break-word;">Yammer yammer yammer.<ref name=smith2000>Smith wrote the definitive book on yammering.{{ref|Smith2000|Smith 2000}}</ref> Yammer yammer yammer.<ref name=smith2000/> ... ==References== {{reflist}} ... ==Bibliography== *{{note|Smith2000}} Smith (2000). "A book about yammering". </syntaxhighlight> | Yammer yammer yammer.<ref name=smith2000>Smith wrote the definitive book on yammering.{{ref|Smith2000|Smith 2000}}</ref> Yammer yammer yammer.<ref name=smith2000/> ... {{fake heading|References}} {{reflist}} ... {{fake heading|Bibliography}} *{{note|Smith2000}} Smith (2000). "A book about yammering". |} Also see examples and explanation in [[Wikipedia:Footnote3]]. ==See also== * [[Wikipedia:Footnote3]], an essay on this method of creating footnotes * [[Help:Footnotes]] * [[Wikipedia:Template messages/Sources of articles]] * [[:Category:Citation templates]], including those not part of the ref–note label system * {{template|Rp}} * [[Template:Ref/examples]] {{Wikipedia referencing}}<includeonly> {{Sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Footnote3 templates]] [[Category:Inline templates]] }}</includeonly> fio4dvmfv1wmgh44ywqrpo4aadi03df 10 33596 157820 2026-04-22T03:14:36Z Tinta Emas Historia Network 33174 Geupeugöt laman ngön asoë '{{Documentation subpage}} {{High-use}} {{Transwiki guide |small=yes |Template:Reflist/Transwiki guide}} <!-- Categories and interwikis go at the bottom of this page. --> '''Explanatory footnotes''' or '''Efn''' are footnotes that provide something other than, or more than, a reference to a [[WP:Reliable sources|source]] that supports the accompanying text. The first unnamed parameter is displayed as the content of the footnote. {{hatnote|'''Note''': If the n...' 157820 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{High-use}} {{Transwiki guide |small=yes |Template:Reflist/Transwiki guide}} <!-- Categories and interwikis go at the bottom of this page. --> '''Explanatory footnotes''' or '''Efn''' are footnotes that provide something other than, or more than, a reference to a [[WP:Reliable sources|source]] that supports the accompanying text. The first unnamed parameter is displayed as the content of the footnote. {{hatnote|'''Note''': If the note's content contains an "{{=}}" character, a reference error will be displayed; precede the content with {{para|1}} (or one of its aliases, {{para|text}}, {{para|reference}}, or {{para|content}}) to fix the error.}} The following explanation is transcluded from [[Help:Footnotes#Footnotes: predefined groups]]. {{#section:Help:footnotes|pregroup}} ==Example articles== * [[Logic Theorist]] (a short article showing basic usage) * [[Chinese room]] (a long and complex article which uses all the features: named footnotes, list defined notes, etc.) * [[Empire of Brazil]] * [[John Diefenbaker]] (with name= and notes in <nowiki>{{notes}}</nowiki>) * [[USS Monitor|USS ''Monitor'']] <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| <!-- Categories and interwikis go here: --> [[Category:Explanatory footnote templates]] [[Category:Templates that generate named references]] }}</includeonly> == Template data == Description: <templatedata> { "description": "Inserts an explanatory footnote. Notes can be named and grouped.", "params": { "1": { "aliases": [ "reference", "text", "content" ], "label": "Note", "description": "Text of the note", "type": "content", "suggested": true }, "name": { "label": "Ref. name", "description": "Reference name of the note", "type": "string" }, "group": { "label": "Reference group", "description": "Styled group to which the note belongs. Unrecognized values are treated as \"lower-alpha\".", "type": "string", "suggestedvalues": [ "upper-alpha", "lower-greek", "note", "lower-roman", "upper-roman" ], "default": "lower-alpha" } } } </templatedata> ==See also== * [[Template:Cref]] - A manual system alternative pjc3zjnw1a9og3uftdhl4jq3je05shi 10 33597 157821 2026-04-22T03:17:02Z Tinta Emas Historia Network 33174 Geupeugöt laman ngön asoë '<noinclude>{{Distinguish|Template:A note}} </noinclude><templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_{{{1}}}"><b>[[#ref_{{{1}}}|^{{{2|}}}]]</b>{{#if:{{{3|}}}|&#32;{{{3|}}}}}</span> <noinclude> {{Documentation|Template:Ref/doc}} <!-- Add categories and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude>' 157821 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{Distinguish|Template:A note}} </noinclude><templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_{{{1}}}"><b>[[#ref_{{{1}}}|^{{{2|}}}]]</b>{{#if:{{{3|}}}|&#32;{{{3|}}}}}</span> <noinclude> {{Documentation|Template:Ref/doc}} <!-- Add categories and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> 7ark37ouxmgn99xltwy8wkezo2eg9b5 10 33598 157822 2026-04-22T03:18:03Z Tinta Emas Historia Network 33174 Geupeugöt laman ngön asoë '/* {{pp|small=y}} */ /* * This page is a convenient place for the "citation" styles that are * available in many of our citation templates. This page can be considered the * authoritative source for those styles. [[Template:Citation]], like all CS1/2 * templates, is styled from [[Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css]], *not* here. */ /* Break long urls, etc., rather than overflowing box */ .citation { word-wrap: break-word; } /* Highlight linked elements (suc...' 157822 sanitized-css text/css /* {{pp|small=y}} */ /* * This page is a convenient place for the "citation" styles that are * available in many of our citation templates. This page can be considered the * authoritative source for those styles. [[Template:Citation]], like all CS1/2 * templates, is styled from [[Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css]], *not* here. */ /* Break long urls, etc., rather than overflowing box */ .citation { word-wrap: break-word; } /* Highlight linked elements (such as clicked references) in blue */ .citation:target { /* ignore the linter - all browsers of interest implement this */ background-color: rgba(0, 127, 255, 0.133); } ltkknak6hjx6agm6lakugrgzenjha92 10 33599 157823 2026-04-22T03:18:53Z Tinta Emas Historia Network 33174 Geupeugöt laman ngön asoë '{{For-text|the{{nbsp}} ''{{fake citation needed}}'' template|{{tl|citation needed}}}} {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Categories go where indicated at the bottom of this page, please; interwikis go to Wikidata (see also: [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]). --> {{#ifeq: {{PAGENAME}}|{{ROOTPAGENAME}}|{{Cascade-protected template}}}} {{#ifeq: {{PAGENAME}}|{{ROOTPAGENAME}}|{{High-risk|189000+}}}} {{csdoc|lua|lua=yes}} The '''Citation''', '''Cite''', or '''cite''' template ge...' 157823 wikitext text/x-wiki {{For-text|the{{nbsp}} ''{{fake citation needed}}'' template|{{tl|citation needed}}}} {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Categories go where indicated at the bottom of this page, please; interwikis go to Wikidata (see also: [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]). --> {{#ifeq: {{PAGENAME}}|{{ROOTPAGENAME}}|{{Cascade-protected template}}}} {{#ifeq: {{PAGENAME}}|{{ROOTPAGENAME}}|{{High-risk|189000+}}}} {{csdoc|lua|lua=yes}} The '''Citation''', '''Cite''', or '''cite''' template generates a citation for a book, periodical, contribution in a collective work, or a web page. It determines the citation type by examining which parameters are used. As with other citation templates, this template can be used either in a footnote (between {{tag|ref}} tags) or in a section that lists sources. This template uses the same [[WP:Lua|Lua]] code as [[help:Citation Style 1|citation style 1 (CS1)]] templates with parameters to change the displayed format to [[help:Citation Style 2|citation style 2 (CS2)]]. If the correct parameters are used, this template produces output identical to that of the Cite templates, such as {{Tl|Cite book}} and {{Tl|Cite web}}, with one important exception: By default, this Citation template uses commas in places where the Cite templates use periods (full stops) by default; either type of template can use periods (full stops) or commas by using an optional parameter. Regardless of which citation templates are used or even if none are used at all, all citations should have the same format throughout an article in the saved, rendered text. Notes: * All parameter names must be [[lowercase]]. * Invisible unicode space characters (see [[Help:CS1 errors#invisible char|list]]) will return an error message. Non-intentional invisible characters should be removed; intentional ones should be replaced with their corresponding HTML entity (e.g. <code>&amp;ZeroWidthSpace;</code>). ==Simple citations== This section covers the most commonly used parameters. You can copy the horizontal form or vertical form below and then add in extra parameters from the full list. Spacing and ordering of the parameters within the template is irrelevant and does not affect the final, rendered text. <code><nowiki>{{Citation |last= |first= |year= |title= |publisher= |publication-place= |page= |url= |access-date=}}</nowiki></code> {| class="wikitable" |- | <pre>{{Citation | last = | first = | year = | title = | publisher = | publication-place = | page = | url = | access-date = }}</pre> |} * '''last''': The author's surname or last name. Don't use with the '''author''' parameter. * '''first''': The author's first or given name(s). * '''year''': Year of authorship or publication. Mandatory for use with links from [[:Template:Harvard citation]], unless {{para|date}} specifies both month and year. * '''title''': Title of the work. Mandatory for web references. * '''publisher''': The name of the publisher. Omit terms such as ''Publishers'', ''Co.'', ''Inc.'', ''Ltd.'', etc., but retain the words ''Books'' or ''Press''. Not normally included where the publication is a periodical which has its own Wikipedia article (e.g. ''[[Newsweek]]'', ''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]''). ** '''publication-place''' (or '''place''' or '''location'''): The city of publication. If more than one town/city is listed on the title page, give the first one or the location of the publisher's head office. Omit when the publication is a periodical whose name specifies the location (e.g. ''The New York Times'', ''The Times of India'') * '''page''': For use when one page is cited. Adds "p." before the page number. Do not use with '''pages'''. * '''url''': A [[Uniform resource locator|url]] of an online location where the item can be found. If the url includes double quotes, these must be encoded as "%22". ** '''access-date''': Date<ref group="n" name="dates" /> when the url was accessed. ===Example=== {| class="wikitable" |- | <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow: auto"> {{Citation | last = Turner | first = Orsamus | title = History of the pioneer settlement of Phelps and Gorham's purchase, and Morris' reserve | publisher = William Alling | place = Rochester, New York | year = 1851 | ol = 7120924W }} </syntaxhighlight> | {{Citation | last = Turner | first = Orsamus | title = History of the pioneer settlement of Phelps and Gorham's purchase, and Morris' reserve | publisher = William Alling | place = Rochester, New York | year = 1851 | ol = 7120924W }} |} ==Full citation parameters== These can be used for all types of publication. All are optional and indentation is used simply to group related items&nbsp;— these may be mutually exclusive where indicated. Some hyphenated names can also be placed without hyphens. {| class="wikitable" |- | <pre>{{Citation | last1 = | first1 = | author-link1 = | last2 = | first2 = | author-link2 = | display-authors = | author-mask1 = | author-mask2 = | collaboration = | date = | year = | orig-date = | location = | editor-last1 = | editor-first1 = | editor-link1 = | editor-last2 = | editor-first2 = | editor-link2 = | display-editors = | editor-mask1 = | editor-mask2 = | title = | script-title = | trans-title = | title-link = | url = | url-access = | format = | department = | website = | script-website = | trans-website = | type = | series = | language = | interviewer-last1 = | interviewer-first1 = | interviewer-link1 = | interviewer-last2 = | interviewer-first2 = | interviewer-link2 = | display-interviewers = | interviewer-mask1 = | interviewer-mask2 = | translator-last1 = | translator-first1 = | translator-link1 = | translator-last2 = | translator-first2 = | translator-link2 = | display-translators = | translator-mask1 = | translator-mask2 = | others = | name-list-style = | edition = | publication-place = | publisher = | publication-date = | minutes = | time-caption = | time = | page = | pages = | at = | no-pp = | arxiv = | asin = | asin-tld = | bibcode = | bibcode-access = | biorxiv = | citeseerx = | doi = | doi-access = | doi-broken-date = | eissn = | hdl = | hdl-access = | isbn = | ismn = | issn = | jfm = | jstor = | jstor-access = | lccn = | medrxiv = | mr = | oclc = | ol = | ol-access = | osti = | osti-access = | pmc = | pmc-embargo-date = | pmid = | rfc = | sbn = | ssrn = | s2cid = | s2cid-access = | zbl = | id = | url-status = | archive-url = | archive-format = | archive-date = | access-date = | via = | quote-page = | quote-pages = | quote = | script-quote = | trans-quote = | mode = | ref = | postscript = }} </pre> |} ==Parameters== ===Syntax=== {{csdoc|syntax|lua=yes}} {{csdoc|sep_comma|lua=yes}} ===COinS=== {{csdoc|coins|lua=yes}} ===What's new=== {{csdoc|whats new}} ===Deprecated=== {{csdoc|deprecated|lua=yes}} ===Description=== ====Authors==== {{csdoc|author|lua=yes||contributor=yes|others=yes}} ====Editors==== {{csdoc|editor|lua=yes}} ====Title==== {{csdoc|title|lua=yes|title_format=italics}} {{csdoc|chapter|lua=yes}} {{csdoc|type|lua=yes}} {{csdoc|language|lua=yes}} ====Date==== {{csdoc|date|lua=yes}} ====Work==== {{csdoc|journal|lua=yes}} ====Publisher==== {{csdoc|publisher|lua=yes}} ====Edition, series, volume==== {{csdoc|edition|lua=yes}} {{csdoc|series|lua=yes}} {{csdoc|volume|lua=yes}} ====In-source locations==== {{csdoc|pages|lua=yes}} ====URL==== {{anchor|url}}{{csdoc|url}} ====Chapter URL==== {{anchor|chapterurl}}{{csdoc|chapterurl|lua=yes}} ====Anchor==== {{distinguish|#Identifiers}} {{further|#Anchored citations}} {{csdoc|ref|lua=yes}} ====Identifiers==== {{distinguish|#Anchor}} {{anchor|id1}}{{csdoc|id1|lua=yes}} {{anchor|id2}}{{csdoc|id2|lua=yes}} ====Quote==== {{csdoc|quote|lua=yes|cs2=yes}} ====Display options==== {{csdoc|display|lua=yes|cs2=yes}} ====Subscription or registration required==== {{csdoc|registration|lua=yes}} ==Examples== ===Books=== {| class="wikitable" |- | style="width: 30%; | Three authors, a volume, and an edition. Ampersand (&amp;) forced before final author's name. | <pre>{{Citation | last1 = Lincoln | first1 = A. | last2 = Washington | first2 = G. | last3 = Adams | first3 = J. | name-list-style = amp | title = All the Presidents' Names | publisher = The Pentagon | place = Home Base, New York | volume = XII | edition = 2nd | year = 2007 }} </pre> | style="width: 30%; |{{Citation | last1 = Lincoln | first1 = A. | last2 = Washington | first2 = G. | last3 = Adams | first3 = J. | name-list-style = amp | title = All the Presidents' Names | publisher = The Pentagon | place = Home Base, New York | volume = XII | edition = 2nd | year = 2007 }} |} ===Web=== {| class="wikitable" |- | Web page | <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">{{Citation | url = http://nrhp.focus.nps.gov/ | title = NPS Focus | work = National Register of Historic Places | publisher = [[National Park Service]] | access-date = November 30, 2010 | ref = none }} </syntaxhighlight> | {{Citation | url = http://nrhp.focus.nps.gov/ | title = NPS Focus | work = National Register of Historic Places | publisher = [[National Park Service]] | access-date = November 30, 2010 | ref = none }} |- | Archived page | <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">{{Citation | url = http://liftoff.msfc.nasa.gov/academy/space/atmosphere.html | title = Earth's Atmosphere | access-date = October 25, 2007 | publisher = [[NASA|National Aeronautics and Space Administration]] | year = 1995 | author = NASA | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071013232332/http:// liftoff.msfc.nasa.gov/academy/space/atmosphere.html | archive-date = October 13, 2007 }} </syntaxhighlight> | {{Citation | url = http://liftoff.msfc.nasa.gov/academy/space/atmosphere.html | title = Earth's Atmosphere | access-date = October 25, 2007 | publisher = [[NASA|National Aeronautics and Space Administration]] | year = 1995 | author = NASA | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071013232332/http://liftoff.msfc.nasa.gov/academy/space/atmosphere.html | archive-date = October 13, 2007}} |} ===Journals, newspapers, magazines, or other periodicals=== {| class="wikitable" |- | Journal article | <pre>{{Citation | last = Hill | first = Marvin S. | title = Joseph Smith and the 1826 Trial: New Evidence and New Difficulties | journal = BYU Studies | volume = 12 | issue = 2 | year = 1976 | pages = 1–8 | url = https://byustudies.byu.edu/shop/PDFSRC/12.2Hill.pdf }} </pre> | {{Citation | last = Hill | first = Marvin S. | title = Joseph Smith and the 1826 Trial: New Evidence and New Difficulties | journal = BYU Studies | volume = 12 | issue = 2 | year = 1976 | pages = 1–8 | url = https://byustudies.byu.edu/shop/PDFSRC/12.2Hill.pdf }} |- | Journal article with multiple authors and identifier | <pre>{{Citation | last1 = Mandelkern | first1 = M | last2 = Elias | first2 = J | last3 = Eden | first3 = D | last4 = Crothers | first4 = D | display-authors = 2 | title = The dimensions of DNA in solution | journal = J Mol Biol | volume = 152 | issue = 1 | pages = 153–161 | year = 1981 | pmid = 7338906 | doi = 10.1016/0022-2836(81)90099-1 }} </pre> | {{Citation | last1 = Mandelkern | first1 = M | last2 = Elias | first2 = J | last3 = Eden | first3 = D | last4 = Crothers | first4 = D | display-authors = 2 | title = The dimensions of DNA in solution | journal = J Mol Biol | volume = 152 | issue = 1 | pages = 153–161 | year = 1981 | pmid = 7338906 | doi = 10.1016/0022-2836(81)90099-1 }} |- | Newspaper article | <pre>{{Citation | last = Smith | first = Joseph III | author-link = Joseph Smith III | title = Last Testimony of Sister Emma | newspaper = The Saints' Herald | location = Plano, IL | volume = 26 | issue = 19 | date = October 1, 1879 | page = 289 | url = http://www.sidneyrigdon.com/dbroadhu/ IL/sain1872.htm#100179 }} </pre> | {{Citation | last = Smith | first = Joseph III | author-link = Joseph Smith III | title = Last Testimony of Sister Emma | newspaper = The Saints' Herald | location = Plano, IL | volume = 26 | issue = 19 | date = October 1, 1879 | page = 289 | url = http://www.sidneyrigdon.com/dbroadhu/IL/sain1872.htm#100179 }} |} ===Conference papers and public lectures=== {| class="wikitable" |- | Conference paper | <pre>{{Citation | last = Sullivan | first = D.B. | contribution = Time and frequency measurement at NIST: The first 100 years | year = 2001 | title = 2001 IEEE Int'l Frequency Control Symp. | publisher = National Institute of Standards and Technology | contribution-url = http://tf.nist.gov/timefreq/general/pdf/1485.pdf }} </pre> | {{Citation | last = Sullivan | first = D.B. | contribution = Time and frequency measurement at NIST: The first 100 years | year = 2001 | title = 2001 IEEE Int'l Frequency Control Symp. | publisher = National Institute of Standards and Technology | contribution-url = http://tf.nist.gov/timefreq/general/pdf/1485.pdf }} |- | Lecture | <pre>{{Citation | last = Habicht | first = Christian | contribution = Hellenistic Athens and her Philosophers | year = 1988 | title = David Magie Lecture, Princeton University Program in the History, Archaeology, and Religions of the Ancient World | publisher = Princeton University | page=14 }} </pre> |{{Citation | last = Habicht | first = Christian | contribution = Hellenistic Athens and her Philosophers | year = 1988 | title = David Magie Lecture, Princeton University Program in the History, Archaeology, and Religions of the Ancient World | publisher = Princeton University | page=14 }} |} ===Parts of books, including encyclopedia articles=== {| class="wikitable" |- |Manuscript published in an edited compilation |<pre>{{Citation | last = Bidamon | first = Emma Smith | author-link = Emma Hale Smith | chapter = Letter to Emma S. Pilgrim | date = March 27, 1876 | editor-last = Vogel | editor-first = Dan | title = Early Mormon Documents | volume = 1 | publisher = Signature Books | publication-date = 1996 | isbn = 1-56085-072-8 }} </pre> | {{Citation | last = Bidamon | first = Emma Smith | author-link = Emma Hale Smith | chapter = Letter to Emma S. Pilgrim | date = March 27, 1876 | editor-last = Vogel | editor-first = Dan | title = Early Mormon Documents | volume = 1 | publisher = Signature Books | publication-date = 1996 | isbn = 1-56085-072-8 }} |- | Work with an editor but no author | <pre>{{Citation | editor-last = Vogel | editor-first = Dan | title = Early Mormon Documents | volume = 1 | publisher = Signature Books | date = 1996 | isbn = 1-56085-072-8 }} </pre> | {{Citation | editor-last = Vogel | editor-first = Dan | title = Early Mormon Documents | volume = 1 | publisher = Signature Books | date = 1996 | isbn = 1-56085-072-8 }} |- | Encyclopedia article by a named author | <pre>{{Citation | last = Kramer | first = Martin | author-link = Martin Kramer | year=1999 | title = Bernard Lewis | editor-last = Boyd | editor-first = Kelley | encyclopedia = Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing | volume = 1 | pages = 719–720 | location = London | publisher = Fitzroy Dearborn | url = http://www.geocities.com/martinkramerorg/BernardLewis.htm }} </pre> | {{Citation | last = Kramer | first = Martin | author-link = Martin Kramer | year = 1999 | title = Bernard Lewis | editor-last = Boyd | editor-first = Kelley | encyclopedia = Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing | volume = 1 | pages = 719–720 | location = London | publisher = Fitzroy Dearborn | url = http://www.geocities.com/martinkramerorg/BernardLewis.htm }} |- | Encyclopedia article with no named author | <pre>{{Citation | title = Bernard Lewis | editor-last = Boyd | editor-first = Kelley | year = 1999 | encyclopedia = Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing | volume = 1 | pages = 719–720 | publisher = Fitzroy Dearborn | location = London | url = http://www.geocities.com/martinkramerorg/BernardLewis.htm }} </pre> | {{Citation | title = Bernard Lewis | editor-last = Boyd | editor-first = Kelley | year = 1999 | encyclopedia = Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing | volume = 1 | pages = 719–720 | location = London | publisher = Fitzroy Dearborn | url = http://www.geocities.com/martinkramerorg/BernardLewis.htm }} |} ===Republications, or edited quotations in a periodical article=== {| class="wikitable" |- | Manuscript edited and published in a journal | <pre>{{Citation | last = Knight | first = Joseph Sr. | year = 1833 | editor-last = Jessee | editor-first = Dean | title = Joseph Knight's Recollection of Early Mormon History | journal = BYU Studies | volume = 17 | issue = 1 | publication-date = 1976 | page = 35 | url = https://byustudies.byu.edu/shop/PDFSRC/17.1Jessee.pdf }}</pre> | {{Citation | last = Knight | first = Joseph Sr. | year = 1833 | editor-last = Jessee | editor-first = Dean | title = Joseph Knight's Recollection of Early Mormon History | journal = BYU Studies | volume = 17 | issue = 1 | publication-date = 1976 | page = 35 | url = https://byustudies.byu.edu/shop/PDFSRC/17.1Jessee.pdf }} |- | Manuscript written at one date and place, then published in a periodical at a different date and place with commentary by the editor. | <pre>{{Citation | last = Klingensmith | first = Philip | type = Affidavit | date = September 5, 1872 | place = Lincoln County, Nevada | title = Mountain Meadows Massacre | editor-last = Toohy | editor-first = Dennis J. | journal = Corinne Daily Reporter | publication-date = September 24, 1872 | publication-place = Corinne, Utah | volume = 5 | issue = 252 | page = 1 | url = http://udn.lib.utah.edu/u?/corinne,5359 }} </pre> | {{Citation | last = Klingensmith | first = Philip | type = Affidavit | date = September 5, 1872 | place = Lincoln County, Nevada | title = Mountain Meadows Massacre | editor-last = Toohy | editor-first = Dennis J. | journal = Corinne Daily Reporter | publication-date = September 24, 1872 | publication-place = Corinne, Utah | volume = 5 | issue = 252 | page = 1 | url = http://udn.lib.utah.edu/u?/corinne,5359 }} |} ===Press release=== {| class="wikitable" |- | Press release with quotation | <pre>{{Citation | url = https://www.apple.com/pr/library/2010/04/05ipad.html | title = Apple Sells Over 300,000 iPads First Day | publisher = Apple Inc | access-date = April 10, 2010 | quote = in the US as of midnight Saturday, April 3 | ref = none}} </pre> | {{Citation | url = https://www.apple.com/pr/library/2010/04/05ipad.html | title = Apple Sells Over 300,000 iPads First Day | publisher = Apple Inc | access-date = April 10, 2010 | quote = in the US as of midnight Saturday, April 3 | ref = none}} |} ==Anchored citations== {{distinguish|#Identifiers}} This template can generate a citation that can be combined with [[WP:CITESHORT|shortened footnotes]] or [[Wikipedia:Parenthetical referencing|parenthetical referencing]]. It does this by creating an [[HTML element#Anchor|HTML anchor]] containing an ID. The special parameter {{para|ref}} generates an anchor ID suitable for [[Harvard referencing]] templates such as {{tl|harv}} as specified in the next section; an anchor ID is generated by default. To disable anchor generation, specify {{para|ref|none}}. You can also specify the ID directly, using the {{para|ref|<var>ID</var>}} parameter. For example, suppose an article's ''References'' section contains the markup: * <code><nowiki>{{Citation |author=Sigmund Freud |title=Civilization and Its Discontents |date=1930 |ref=CivDis}}</nowiki></code> which generates the citation: * {{Citation |author=Sigmund Freud |title=Civilization and Its Discontents |date=1930 |ref=CivDis}} Then, the markup "<code><nowiki>([[#CivDis|Freud 1930]])</nowiki></code>" generates a parenthetical reference "([[#CivDis|Freud 1930]])" containing a wikilink to the citation (try clicking on the wikilink). ===Anchors for Harvard referencing templates=== IDs compatible with Harvard referencing templates such as {{tl|harv}} are computed from the last names of the authors (or editors, if no authors are given) and the year of the cited source. For example, the markup "<code><nowiki>{{harv|Wright|Evans|1851|p=ix}}</nowiki></code>" generates the Harvard reference "{{harv|Wright|Evans|1851|p=ix}}", which wikilinks to the citation whose markup and appearance are shown below: * <code><nowiki>{{Citation |last1=Wright |first1=Thomas |last2=Evans |first2=R. H. |title=Historical and Descriptive Account of the Caricatures of James Gillray |location=London |publisher=Henry G. Bohn |date=1851 |oclc=59510372}}</nowiki></code> * {{Citation |last1=Wright |first1=Thomas |last2=Evans |first2=R. H. |title=Historical and Descriptive Account of the Caricatures of James Gillray |location=London |publisher=Henry G. Bohn |date=1851 |oclc=59510372}} In this example the {{tl|citation}} template defines, and the {{tl|harv}} template uses, the HTML ID "<code>CITEREFWrightEvans1851</code>", composed by concatenating the string "<code>CITEREF</code>" with the last names of the authors and the year. The {{tl|harvid}} template can be used to generate such IDs, for example, <code><nowiki>{{harvid|Wright|Evans|1851}}</nowiki></code> generates "<code>{{harvid|Wright|Evans|1851}}</code>". Related methods which leave only a number in the text are to use the {{tl|harvnb}} template enclosed in the <nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki> html code, or to use the {{tl|sfn}} template alone. The example above would be <code><nowiki><ref>{{harvnb|Wright|Evans|1851|p=ix}}</ref></nowiki></code> or <code><nowiki>{{sfn|Wright|Evans|1851|p=ix}}</nowiki></code> both of which generate a footnote, such as :17. {{harvnb|Wright|Evans|1851|p=ix}} The names of only the first four authors are used; other author names are not concatenated to the ID. If no author names are given, editor names are used instead. Last names are used, as specified by the parameters {{para|last1}} (or {{para|last}}), {{para|last2}}, {{para|last3}}, and {{para|last4}}, and similarly for {{para|editor1-last}} etc. and for {{para|inventor1-last}} etc. If a full name is given but no last name is specified, this template falls back on the full name, but this usage is not recommended. For example, in "<code><nowiki>{{Citation |author=Sigmund Freud |title=The Ego and the Id |date=1923}}</nowiki></code>" no last name is given, so this citation cannot be combined with the Harvard reference "<code><nowiki>{{harv|Freud|1923}}</nowiki></code>". To make these {{tl|citation}} and {{tl|harv}} invocations compatible, either replace "{{para|author|Sigmund Freud}}" with "{{para|first|Sigmund}} {{para|last|Freud}}", or add "{{para|ref|<nowiki>{{harvid|Freud|1923}}</nowiki>}}" to the {{tl|citation}} invocation, or add the same ref parameter (say, "{{para|ref|EgoId}}") to both the {{tl|citation}} and the {{tl|harv}} invocations. <!-- This paragraph appears to be outdated and probably needs to be updated to reflect current CS1/CS2 functionality: -->Similarly, the year is used, as specified by {{para|year}}. If no year is given, this template attempts to derive the year from {{para|date}} (or, if no date is given, from {{para|publication-date}}) by applying the [[mw:Help:Extension:ParserFunctions##time|MediaWiki §&nbsp;Time function]]. This heuristic works with most common date formats (American, International and [[ISO 8601#Calendar dates|ISO 8601 standard format]] YYYY-MM-DD as listed in [[WP:MOS]]), but may not work as expected with other formats, so when in doubt it may be safer to use {{para|year}}. ===IDs must be unique=== Names, years, and hand-specified IDs must be chosen so that the IDs are unique within a page; otherwise the HTML will not conform to the W3C standards, and any references to the citations will not work reliably. For example, suppose a page contains the following two citations with {{tl|harv}}-compatible IDs: * {{Citation |last1=Montes |first1=G. |last2=Halterman |first2=J. S. |date=2008a |journal=Pediatrics |volume=121 |issue=4 |pages=e821–e826 |title=Association of Childhood Autism Spectrum Disorders and Loss of Family Income |doi=10.1542/peds.2007-1594 |pmid=18381511 |url=http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/content/full/121/4/e821}} * {{Citation |last1=Montes |first1=G. |last2=Halterman |first2=J. S. |date=2008b |journal=Pediatrics |volume=122 |issue=1 |pages=e202–e208 |title=Child Care Problems and Employment Among Families with Preschool-aged Children with Autism in the United States |doi=10.1542/peds.2007-3037 |pmid=18595965 |url=http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/content/full/122/1/e202}} If these citations were altered to say "2008" rather than "2008a" and "2008b", the resulting page would not work, because the two different citations would both attempt to use the ID "<code>CITEREFMontesHalterman2008</code>". To avoid this problem, distinguish the citations by appending suffixes to the years, e.g. "{{para|date|2008a}}" and "{{para|date|2008b}}", as was done above. Any Harvard references to these citations should use years with the same suffixes. It is good practice to verify that a page does not contain duplicate IDs by using the [[W3C Markup Validation Service]]; see ''[[#External links|External links]]''. ==Dates== {{Reflist|group="n"|refs=<ref name="dates" group="n">The format of dates in the references of an article should use consistent and unambiguous styles. Example formats used in Wikipedia citations include: * ''2009'' * ''2009-09-14'' ([[ISO 8601#Calendar dates|ISO 8601 standard format]]: YYYY-MM-DD) * ''14 September 2009'' * ''September 14, 2009'' (with comma) * ''September 2009'' Dates should not be linked (say, to a Wikipedia article of the same name) in references. Please see [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style (dates and numbers)#Dates|Wikipedia:Manual of Style (dates and numbers) §&nbsp;Dates]] for more guidance about formatting dates. </ref>}} ==Tools== See [[Wikipedia:Citing sources#Citation templates and tools|Wikipedia:Citing sources §&nbsp;Citation templates and tools]] for a list of tools that can help create a reference in the "citation" format. ==TemplateData== {{TemplateData header}} {{#invoke:cs1 documentation support|template_data_validate|{{ROOTPAGENAME}}}} <templatedata> { "description": "The Citation template generates a citation for a book, periodical, contribution in a collective work, or a web page. It determines the citation type by examining which parameters are used.", "params": { "last": { "label": "Last name", "description": "The surname of the author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link' instead", "aliases": [ "last1", "author", "author1", "author1-last", "author-last", "surname1", "author-last1", "subject1", "surname", "host", "subject" ], "type": "line", "suggested": true }, "first": { "label": "First name", "description": "Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link' instead", "aliases": [ "given", "author-first", "first1", "given1", "author-first1", "author1-first" ], "type": "line", "suggested": true }, "interviewer": { "label": "Interviewer", "description": "Full name of interviewer(s); separate interviewers with a semicolon (;); wikilink as desired.", "type": "string", "suggested": false }, "title": { "label": "Title of source", "type": "string", "description": "Title of source. Works display in italics and articles surrounded in quotation marks.", "required": true }, "date": { "label": "Date of source", "type": "date", "description": "Full date of source being referenced; do not wikilink; use YYYY-MM-DD or other acceptable formats", "suggested": true }, "url": { "label": "URL of source", "type": "url", "description": "URL of an online location where the text of the publication can be found.", "suggested": true }, "publication-date": { "label": "Publication date", "type": "string", "required": false, "description": "Date of publication when different from the date the work was written. Displays only if year or date are defined and only if different, else publication-date is used and displayed as date. Use the same format as other dates in the article; do not wikilink. Follows publisher; if work is not defined, then publication-date is preceded by \"published\" and enclosed in parenthesis." }, "df": { "label": "Date format", "description": "Sets rendered dates to the specified format", "type": "string" }, "year": { "label": "Year of publication", "description": "Year of the source being referenced; recommended only when date parameter format is YYYY-MM-DD and a CITEREF disambiguator is needed", "type": "number" }, "postscript": { "label": "Postscript", "type": "string", "required": false, "description": "Controls the closing punctuation for a citation; defaults to a period (.); for no terminating punctuation, specify |postscript=none – leaving |postscript= empty is the same as omitting it, but is ambiguous. Ignored if quote is defined." }, "author-mask": { "label": "Author mask", "type": "string", "required": false, "description": "Replaces the name of the first author with em dashes or text. Set author-mask to a numeric value n to set the dash n em spaces wide; set author-mask to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, \"with\". You must still include the values for all authors for metadata purposes. Primarily intended for use with bibliographies or bibliography styles where multiple works by a single author are listed sequentially such as shortened footnotes. Do not use in a list generated by {{reflist}}, <references /> or similar as there is no control of the order in which references are displayed. You can also use editor-mask and translator-mask in the same way." }, "author-mask2": { "label": "Author mask 2", "description": "Replaces the name of the second author with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, 'with' instead", "type": "string", "aliases": [ "author2-mask" ] }, "author-mask3": { "label": "Author mask 3", "description": "Replaces the name of the third author with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, 'with' instead", "type": "string", "aliases": [ "author3-mask" ] }, "author-mask4": { "label": "Author mask 4", "description": "Replaces the name of the fourth author with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, 'with' instead", "type": "string", "aliases": [ "author4-mask" ] }, "author-mask5": { "label": "Author mask 5", "description": "Replaces the name of the fifth author with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, 'with' instead", "type": "string", "aliases": [ "author5-mask" ] }, "author-mask6": { "label": "Author mask 6", "description": "Replaces the name of the sixth author with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, 'with' instead", "type": "string", "aliases": [ "author6-mask" ] }, "author-mask7": { "label": "Author mask 7", "description": "Replaces the name of the seventh author with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, 'with' instead", "type": "string", "aliases": [ "author7-mask" ] }, "author-mask8": { "label": "Author mask 8", "description": "Replaces the name of the eighth author with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, 'with' instead", "type": "string", "aliases": [ "author8-mask" ] }, "author-mask9": { "label": "Author mask 9", "description": "Replaces the name of the ninth author with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, 'with' instead", "type": "string", "aliases": [ "author9-mask" ] }, "last2": { "label": "Last name 2", "description": "The surname of the second author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link2' instead.", "aliases": [ "author2", "surname2", "author-last2", "author2-last", "subject2" ], "type": "line" }, "first2": { "label": "First name 2", "description": "Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the second author; don't wikilink.", "type": "line", "aliases": [ "given2", "author-first2", "author2-first" ] }, "last3": { "label": "Last name 3", "description": "The surname of the third author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link3' instead.", "aliases": [ "author3", "surname3", "author-last3", "author3-last", "subject3" ], "type": "line" }, "first3": { "label": "First name 3", "description": "Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the third author; don't wikilink.", "type": "line", "aliases": [ "given3", "author-first3", "author3-first" ] }, "last4": { "label": "Last name 4", "description": "The surname of the fourth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link4' instead.", "aliases": [ "author4", "surname4", "author-last4", "author4-last", "subject4" ], "type": "line" }, "first4": { "label": "First name 4", "description": "Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fourth author; don't wikilink.", "type": "line", "aliases": [ "given4", "author-first4", "author4-first" ] }, "last5": { "label": "Last name 5", "description": "The surname of the fifth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link5' instead.", "aliases": [ "author5", "surname5" ], "type": "line" }, "first5": { "label": "First name 5", "description": "Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fifth author; don't wikilink.", "type": "line", "aliases": [ "given5" ] }, "last6": { "label": "Last name 6", "description": "The surname of the sixth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link6' instead.", "aliases": [ "author6", "surname6" ], "type": "line" }, "first6": { "label": "First name 6", "description": "Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the sixth author; don't wikilink.", "type": "line" }, "last7": { "label": "Last name 7", "description": "The surname of the seventh author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link7' instead.", "aliases": [ "author7", "surname7" ], "type": "line" }, "first7": { "label": "First name 7", "description": "Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the seventh author; don't wikilink.", "type": "line", "aliases": [ "given7" ] }, "last8": { "label": "Last name 8", "description": "The surname of the eighth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link8' instead.", "aliases": [ "author8", "surname8" ], "type": "line" }, "first8": { "label": "First name 8", "description": "Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the eighth author; don't wikilink.", "type": "line", "aliases": [ "given8" ] }, "last9": { "label": "Last name 9", "description": "The surname of the ninth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link9' instead.", "aliases": [ "author9", "surname9" ], "type": "line" }, "first9": { "label": "First name 9", "description": "Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the ninth author; don't wikilink.", "type": "line", "aliases": [ "given9" ] }, "author-link": { "label": "Author link", "description": "Title of existing Wikipedia article about the author", "type": "wiki-page-name", "aliases": [ "author-link1", "author1-link", "subject-link", "subject-link1", "subject1-link" ] }, "author-link2": { "label": "Author link 2", "description": "Title of existing Wikipedia article about the second author.", "type": "wiki-page-name", "aliases": [ "author2-link", "subject-link2", "subject2-link" ] }, "author-link3": { "label": "Author link 3", "description": "Title of existing Wikipedia article about the third author.", "type": "wiki-page-name", "aliases": [ "author3-link", "subject-link3", "subject3-link" ] }, "author-link4": { "label": "Author link 4", "description": "Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fourth author.", "type": "wiki-page-name", "aliases": [ "author4-link", "subject-link4", "subject4-link" ] }, "author-link5": { "label": "Author link 5", "description": "Title of existing Wikipedia article about the sixth author.", "type": "wiki-page-name", "aliases": [ "author5-link", "subject-link5", "subject5-link" ] }, "author-link6": { "label": "Author link 6", "description": "Title of existing Wikipedia article about the sixth author.", "type": "wiki-page-name", "aliases": [ "author6-link" ] }, "author-link7": { "label": "Author link 7", "description": "Title of existing Wikipedia article about the seventh author.", "type": "wiki-page-name", "aliases": [ "author7-link" ] }, "author-link8": { "label": "Author link 8", "description": "Title of existing Wikipedia article about the eighth author.", "type": "wiki-page-name", "aliases": [ "author8-link" ] }, "author-link9": { "label": "Author link 9", "description": "Title of existing Wikipedia article about the ninth author.", "type": "wiki-page-name", "aliases": [ "author9-link" ] }, "orig-date": { "label": "Original date", "description": "Original date of publication; provide specifics", "type": "string" }, "trans-title": { "label": "Translated title", "description": "An English language title, if the source cited is in a foreign language; 'language' is recommended", "type": "string" }, "trans-chapter": { "label": "Translated chapter title", "description": "An English language chapter title, if the source cited is in a foreign language; 'language' is recommended", "type": "string" }, "type": { "label": "Type", "description": "Additional information about the media type of the source; format in sentence case", "type": "string" }, "archive-url": { "label": "Archive URL", "description": "The URL of an archived copy of a web page, if or in case the URL becomes unavailable; requires 'archive-date'", "type": "url", "suggested": true }, "series": { "label": "Series", "description": "Series identifier when the source is part of a series, such as a book series or a journal; alias of 'version'", "type": "string", "aliases": [ "version" ] }, "work": { "label": "Work", "description": "Name of the work in which the cited title is found", "type": "string", "aliases": [ "journal", "website", "newspaper", "magazine", "periodical" ], "suggested": true }, "volume": { "label": "Volume", "description": "For one publication published in several volumes", "type": "line", "suggested": true }, "vauthors": { "label": "Vancouver style author list", "description": "If using Vancouver style, comma separated list of author names; enclose corporate or institutional author names in doubled parentheses", "example": "Smythe JB, ((Megabux Corporation))", "type": "string" }, "issue": { "label": "Issue", "description": "Issue number", "type": "string", "suggested": true, "aliases": [ "number" ] }, "display-editors": { "label": "Display Editors", "description": "Controls the number of editor names that are displayed when a citation is published. To change the displayed number of editors, set display-editors to the desired number. For example, |display-editors=2 will display only the first two editors in a citation. By default, all editors are displayed. |display-editors=etal displays all editors in the list followed by et al.", "type": "string" }, "minutes": { "label": "In-source location: Minutes", "description": "Time the event occurs in an audio or visual source; followed by \"minutes in\". ", "type": "number" }, "time": { "label": "In-source location: Time", "description": "Time the event occurs in an audio or visual source; preceded by default text \"Event occurs at time\". ", "type": "string" }, "time-caption": { "label": "In-source location: Time caption", "description": "Changes the default text displayed before time", "type": "string" }, "page": { "label": "Page", "description": "Page in the source that supports the content; displays after 'p.'", "type": "line" }, "pages": { "label": "Pages", "description": "Pages in the source that support the content (not an indication of the number of pages in the source; displays after 'pp.'", "type": "line", "suggested": true }, "at": { "label": "At", "description": "May be used instead of 'page' or 'pages' where a page number is inappropriate or insufficient", "type": "line" }, "no-pp": { "label": "No pp", "description": "Set to 'y' to suppress the 'p.' or 'pp.' display with 'page' or 'pages' when inappropriate (such as 'Front cover')", "type": "line" }, "chapter": { "label": "Chapter", "description": "The chapter heading of the source. For the contribution alias, see contributor-last", "type": "string", "aliases": [ "contribution", "entry", "article", "section" ] }, "editor-last2": { "label": "Last name of second editor", "description": "The surname of the second editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor2-link'", "type": "string", "aliases": [ "editor-surname2", "editor2", "editor2-last", "editor2-surname" ] }, "editor-first2": { "label": "First name of second editor", "description": "Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the second editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor2-link'", "type": "string", "aliases": [ "editor-given2", "editor2-first", "editor2-given" ] }, "editor-link2": { "label": "Link for second editor", "description": "Title of existing Wikipedia article about the second editor", "type": "wiki-page-name", "aliases": [ "editor2-link" ] }, "editor-mask2": { "label": "Mask for second editor", "description": "Replaces the name of the second editor with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing editor separator; for example, 'with' instead", "type": "string", "aliases": [ "editor2-mask" ] }, "editor-last3": { "label": "Last name of third editor", "description": "The surname of the third editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor3-link'", "type": "string", "aliases": [ "editor-surname3", "editor3", "editor3-last", "editor3-surname" ] }, "editor-first3": { "label": "First name of third editor", "description": "Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the third editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor3-link'", "type": "string", "aliases": [ "editor-given3", "editor3-first", "editor3-given" ] }, "editor-link3": { "label": "Link for third editor", "description": "Title of existing Wikipedia article about the third editor", "type": "wiki-page-name", "aliases": [ "editor3-link" ] }, "editor-mask3": { "label": "Mask for third editor", "description": "Replaces the name of the third editor with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing editor separator; for example, 'with' instead", "type": "string", "aliases": [ "editor3-mask" ] }, "editor-last4": { "label": "Last name of fourth editor", "description": "The surname of the fourth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor4-link'", "type": "string", "aliases": [ "editor-surname4", "editor4", "editor4-last", "editor4-surname" ] }, "editor-first4": { "label": "First name of fourth editor", "description": "Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fourth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor4-link'", "type": "string", "aliases": [ "editor-given4", "editor4-first", "editor4-given" ] }, "editor-link4": { "label": "Link for fourth editor", "description": "Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fourth editor", "type": "wiki-page-name", "aliases": [ "editor4-link" ] }, "editor-mask4": { "label": "Mask for fourth editor", "description": "Replaces the name of the fourth editor with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing editor separator; for example, 'with' instead", "type": "string", "aliases": [ "editor4-mask" ] }, "editor-last5": { "label": "Last name of fifth editor", "description": "The surname of the fifth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor5-link'", "type": "string", "aliases": [ "editor-surname5", "editor5", "editor5-last", "editor5-surname" ] }, "editor-first5": { "label": "First name of fifth editor", "description": "Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fifth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor5-link'", "type": "string", "aliases": [ "editor-given5", "editor5-first", "editor5-given" ] }, "editor-link5": { "label": "Link for fifth editor", "description": "Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fifth editor", "type": "wiki-page-name", "aliases": [ "editor5-link" ] }, "editor-mask5": { "label": "Mask for fifth editor", "description": "Replaces the name of the fifth editor with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing editor separator; for example, 'with' instead", "type": "string", "aliases": [ "editor5-mask" ] }, "editor-last6": { "label": "Last name of sixth editor", "description": "The surname of the sixth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor6-link'", "type": "string", "aliases": [ "editor-surname6", "editor6", "editor6-last", "editor6-surname" ] }, "editor-first6": { "label": "First name of sixth editor", "description": "Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the sixth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor6-link'", "type": "string", "aliases": [ "editor-given6", "editor6-first", "editor6-given" ] }, "editor-link6": { "label": "Link for sixth editor", "description": "Title of existing Wikipedia article about the sixth editor", "type": "wiki-page-name", "aliases": [ "editor6-link" ] }, "editor-mask6": { "label": "Mask for sixth editor", "description": "Replaces the name of the sixth editor with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing editor separator; for example, 'with' instead", "type": "string", "aliases": [ "editor6-mask" ] }, "editor-last7": { "label": "Last name of seventh editor", "description": "The surname of the seventh editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor7-link'", "type": "string", "aliases": [ "editor-surname7", "editor7", "editor7-last", "editor7-surname" ] }, "editor-first7": { "label": "First name of seventh editor", "description": "Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the seventh editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor7-link'", "type": "string", "aliases": [ "editor-given7", "editor7-first", "editor7-given" ] }, "editor-link7": { "label": "Link for seventh editor", "description": "Title of existing Wikipedia article about the seventh editor", "type": "wiki-page-name", "aliases": [ "editor7-link" ] }, "editor-mask7": { "label": "Mask for seventh editor", "description": "Replaces the name of the seventh editor with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing editor separator; for example, 'with' instead", "type": "string", "aliases": [ "editor7-mask" ] }, "editor-last8": { "label": "Last name of eighth editor", "description": "The surname of the eighth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor8-link'", "type": "string", "aliases": [ "editor-surname8", "editor8", "editor8-last", "editor8-surname" ] }, "editor-first8": { "label": "First name of eighth editor", "description": "Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the eighth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor8-link'", "type": "string", "aliases": [ "editor-given8", "editor8-first", "editor8-given" ] }, "editor-link8": { "label": "Link for eighth editor", "description": "Title of existing Wikipedia article about the eighth editor", "type": "wiki-page-name", "aliases": [ "editor8-link" ] }, "editor-mask8": { "label": "Mask for eighth editor", "description": "Replaces the name of the eighth editor with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing editor separator; for example, 'with' instead", "type": "string", "aliases": [ "editor8-mask" ] }, "editor-last9": { "label": "Last name of ninth editor", "description": "The surname of the ninth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor9-link'", "type": "string", "aliases": [ "editor-surname9", "editor9", "editor9-last", "editor9-surname" ] }, "editor-first9": { "label": "First name of ninth editor", "description": "Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the ninth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor9-link'", "type": "string", "aliases": [ "editor-given9", "editor9-first", "editor9-given" ] }, "editor-link9": { "label": "Link for ninth editor", "description": "Title of existing Wikipedia article about the ninth editor", "type": "wiki-page-name", "aliases": [ "editor9-link" ] }, "editor-mask9": { "label": "Mask for ninth editor", "description": "Replaces the name of the ninth editor with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing editor separator; for example, 'with' instead", "type": "string", "aliases": [ "editor9-mask" ] }, "chapter-url": { "label": "Chapter URL", "type": "url", "required": false, "aliases": [ "contribution-url", "section-url" ], "description": "The URL of the online location where the text of the chapter can be found" }, "veditors": { "label": "Vancouver style editor list", "description": "Comma separated list of editor names in Vancouver style; enclose corporate or institutional names in doubled parentheses", "example": "Smythe JB, ((Megabux Corporation))", "type": "string" }, "chapter-format": { "label": "Format of Chapter URL", "type": "string", "required": false, "aliases": [ "contribution-format", "section-format" ], "description": "Format of the work referred to by chapter-url; displayed in parentheses after chapter. HTML is implied and should not be specified.", "example": "PDF, DOC, or XLS" }, "others": { "label": "Others", "type": "string", "required": false, "description": "Free-text field for people involved in creating a work who cannot be added with another name parameter such as author or editor" }, "edition": { "label": "Edition", "description": "When the publication has more than one edition; for example: '2nd', 'Revised' etc.; suffixed with ' ed.'", "type": "line" }, "place": { "label": "Location of publication", "description": "Geographical place of publication; usually not wikilinked", "type": "string", "suggested": true, "aliases": [ "location" ] }, "publication-place": { "label": "Place of publication", "description": "Publication place shows after title; if 'place' or 'location' are also given, they are displayed before the title prefixed with 'written at'", "type": "string" }, "publisher": { "label": "Publisher", "description": "Name of the publisher; displays after title", "type": "string", "suggested": true, "aliases": [ "institution" ] }, "language": { "label": "Language", "description": "The language in which the source is written, if not English; use the ISO 639 language code (preferred) or the full language name; do not use icons or templates", "type": "string" }, "format": { "label": "Format", "description": "Format of the work referred to by 'url' ('url' is required when using 'format'); examples: PDF, DOC, XLS; do not specify HTML", "type": "string" }, "arxiv": { "label": "arXiv identifier", "description": "An identifier for arXive electronic preprints of scientific papers", "type": "line" }, "asin": { "label": "ASIN", "description": "Amazon Standard Identification Number; 10 characters", "type": "line", "aliases": [ "ASIN" ] }, "asin-tld": { "label": "ASIN TLD", "description": "ASIN top-level domain for Amazon sites other than the US", "type": "line" }, "bibcode": { "label": "Bibcode", "description": "Bibliographic Reference Code (REFCODE); 19 characters", "type": "line" }, "biorxiv": { "label": "biorXiv", "description": "biorXiv identifier; 6 digits", "type": "line" }, "citeseerx": { "label": "CiteSeerX", "description": "CiteSeerX identifier; found after the 'doi=' query parameter", "type": "line" }, "doi": { "label": "DOI", "description": "Digital Object Identifier; begins with '10.'", "type": "string", "aliases": [ "DOI" ] }, "doi-broken-date": { "label": "DOI broken date", "description": "The date that the DOI was determined to be broken", "type": "date" }, "isbn": { "label": "ISBN", "description": "International Standard Book Number; use the 13-digit ISBN where possible", "type": "line" }, "issn": { "label": "ISSN", "description": "International Standard Serial Number (print); 8 characters; usually split into two groups of four using a hyphen", "type": "line" }, "eissn": { "label": "eISSN", "description": "International Standard Serial Number (online); 8 characters; usually split into two groups of four using a hyphen", "type": "line" }, "jfm": { "label": "jfm code", "description": "Jahrbuch über die Fortschritte der Mathematik classification code", "type": "line" }, "jstor": { "label": "JSTOR", "description": "JSTOR identifier", "type": "line" }, "lccn": { "label": "LCCN", "description": "Library of Congress Control Number", "type": "line" }, "mr": { "label": "MR", "description": "Mathematical Reviews identifier", "type": "line" }, "oclc": { "label": "OCLC", "description": "Online Computer Library Center number", "type": "number" }, "ol": { "label": "OL", "description": "Open Library identifier", "type": "line" }, "osti": { "label": "OSTI", "description": "Office of Scientific and Technical Information identifier", "type": "line" }, "pmc": { "label": "PMC", "description": "PubMed Center article number", "type": "number" }, "pmid": { "label": "PMID", "description": "PubMed Unique Identifier", "type": "line" }, "rfc": { "label": "RFC", "description": "Request for Comments number", "type": "number" }, "ssrn": { "label": "SSRN", "description": "Social Science Research Network", "type": "line" }, "zbl": { "label": "Zbl", "description": "Zentralblatt MATH journal identifier", "type": "line" }, "id": { "label": "id", "description": "A unique identifier used where none of the specialized ones are applicable", "type": "line" }, "quote": { "label": "Quote", "description": "Relevant text quoted from the source; displays last, enclosed in quotes; needs to include terminating punctuation", "type": "content" }, "ref": { "label": "Ref", "description": "An anchor identifier; can be made the target of wikilinks to full references; special value 'harv' generates an anchor suitable for the harv and sfn templates", "type": "line" }, "access-date": { "label": "URL access date", "description": "The full date when the original URL was accessed; do not wikilink", "type": "date", "suggested": false }, "archive-date": { "label": "Archive date", "description": "Date when the original URL was archived; do not wikilink", "type": "date", "suggested": true }, "editor-last": { "label": "Editor last name", "description": "The surname of the editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor-link'", "aliases": [ "editor", "editor-surname", "editor-last1", "editor-surname1", "editor1", "editor1-last", "editor1-surname" ], "type": "string" }, "editor-first": { "label": "Editor first name", "description": "The given or first name, middle names, or initials of the editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor-link'", "aliases": [ "editor-first1", "editor-given", "editor-given1", "editor1-first", "editor1-given" ], "type": "string" }, "editor2-last": { "label": "Editor last name 2", "description": "The surname of the second editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor2-link'.", "aliases": [ "editor2" ], "type": "line" }, "editor2-first": { "label": "Editor first name 2", "description": "Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the second editor; don't wikilink.", "type": "line", "aliases": [ "editor2-given" ] }, "editor3-last": { "label": "Editor last name 3", "description": "The surname of the third editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor3-link'.", "aliases": [ "editor3" ], "type": "line" }, "editor3-first": { "label": "Editor first name 3", "description": "Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the third editor; don't wikilink.", "type": "line", "aliases": [ "editor3-given" ] }, "editor4-last": { "label": "Editor last name 4", "description": "The surname of the fourth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor4-link'.", "aliases": [ "editor4" ], "type": "line" }, "editor4-first": { "label": "Editor first name 4", "description": "Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fourth editor; don't wikilink.", "type": "line", "aliases": [ "editor4-given" ] }, "editor5-last": { "label": "Editor last name 5", "description": "The surname of the fifth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor5-link'.", "aliases": [ "editor5" ], "type": "line" }, "editor5-first": { "label": "Editor first name 5", "description": "Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fifth editor; don't wikilink.", "type": "line", "aliases": [ "editor5-given" ] }, "editor6-last": { "label": "Editor last name 6", "description": "The surname of the sixth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor6-link'.", "aliases": [ "editor6" ], "type": "line" }, "editor6-first": { "label": "Editor first name 6", "description": "Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the sixth editor; don't wikilink.", "type": "line", "aliases": [ "editor6-given" ] }, "editor7-last": { "label": "Editor last name 7", "description": "The surname of the seventh editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor7-link'.", "aliases": [ "editor7" ], "type": "line" }, "editor7-first": { "label": "Editor first name 7", "description": "Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the seventh editor; don't wikilink.", "type": "line", "aliases": [ "editor7-given" ] }, "editor8-last": { "label": "Editor last name 8", "description": "The surname of the eighth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor8-link'.", "aliases": [ "editor8" ], "type": "line" }, "editor8-first": { "label": "Editor first name 8", "description": "Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the eighth editor; don't wikilink.", "type": "line", "aliases": [ "editor8-given" ] }, "editor9-last": { "label": "Editor last name 9", "description": "The surname of the ninth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor9-link'.", "aliases": [ "editor9" ], "type": "line" }, "editor9-first": { "label": "Editor first name 9", "description": "Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the ninth editor; don't wikilink.", "type": "line", "aliases": [ "editor9-given" ] }, "editor-link": { "label": "Link for editor", "type": "wiki-page-name", "required": false, "aliases": [ "editor1-link" ], "description": "Title of existing Wikipedia article about the editor" }, "editor2-link": { "label": "editor2-link", "type": "string" }, "editor3-link": { "label": "editor3-link", "type": "string" }, "editor4-link": { "label": "editor4-link", "type": "string" }, "translator-last": { "label": "Translator last name", "description": "The surname of the translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'.", "aliases": [ "translator", "translator-last1", "translator1", "translator1-last" ], "type": "string" }, "translator-first": { "label": "Translator first name", "description": "Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'.", "aliases": [ "translator1-first", "translator-first1" ], "type": "string" }, "translator-link": { "label": "Translator link", "description": "Title of existing Wikipedia article about the translator.", "type": "wiki-page-name", "aliases": [ "translator-link1", "translator1-link" ] }, "translator-last2": { "label": "Translator last name 2", "description": "The surname of the second translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'.", "aliases": [ "translator2", "translator2-last" ], "type": "string" }, "translator-first2": { "label": "Translator first name 2", "description": "Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the second translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'.", "aliases": [ "translator2-first" ], "type": "string" }, "translator-last3": { "label": "Translator last name 3", "description": "The surname of the third translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'.", "aliases": [ "translator3", "translator3-last" ], "type": "string" }, "translator-first3": { "label": "Translator first name 3", "description": "Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the third translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'.", "aliases": [ "translator3-first" ], "type": "string" }, "translator-last4": { "label": "Translator last name 4", "description": "The surname of the fourth translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'.", "aliases": [ "translator4", "translator4-last" ], "type": "string" }, "translator-first4": { "label": "Translator first name 4", "description": "Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fourth translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'.", "aliases": [ "translator4-first" ], "type": "string" }, "translator-last5": { "label": "Translator last name 5", "description": "The surname of the fifth translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'.", "aliases": [ "translator5", "translator5-last" ], "type": "string" }, "translator-first5": { "label": "Translator first name 5", "description": "Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fifth translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'.", "aliases": [ "translator5-first" ], "type": "string" }, "translator-last6": { "label": "Translator last name 6", "description": "The surname of the sixth translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'.", "aliases": [ "translator6", "translator6-last" ], "type": "string" }, "translator-first6": { "label": "Translator first name 6", "description": "Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the sixth translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'.", "aliases": [ "translator6-first" ], "type": "string" }, "translator-last7": { "label": "Translator last name 7", "description": "The surname of the seventh translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'.", "aliases": [ "translator7", "translator7-last" ], "type": "string" }, "translator-first7": { "label": "Translator first name 7", "description": "Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the seventh translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'.", "aliases": [ "translator7-first" ], "type": "string" }, "translator-last8": { "label": "Translator last name 8", "description": "The surname of the eighth translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'.", "aliases": [ "translator8", "translator8-last" ], "type": "string" }, "translator-first8": { "label": "Translator first name 8", "description": "Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the eighth translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'.", "aliases": [ "translator8-first" ], "type": "string" }, "translator-last9": { "label": "Translator last name 9", "description": "The surname of the ninth translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'.", "aliases": [ "translator9", "translator9-last" ], "type": "string" }, "translator-first9": { "label": "Translator first name 9", "description": "Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the ninth translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'.", "aliases": [ "translator9-first" ], "type": "string" }, "translator-link2": { "label": "Translator link 2", "description": "Title of existing Wikipedia article about the second translator.", "type": "wiki-page-name", "aliases": [ "translator2-link" ] }, "translator-link3": { "label": "Translator link 3", "description": "Title of existing Wikipedia article about the third translator.", "type": "wiki-page-name", "aliases": [ "translator3-link" ] }, "translator-link4": { "label": "Translator link 4", "description": "Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fourth translator.", "type": "wiki-page-name", "aliases": [ "translator4-link" ] }, "translator-link5": { "label": "Translator link 5", "description": "Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fifth translator.", "type": "wiki-page-name", "aliases": [ "translator5-link" ] }, "translator-link6": { "label": "Translator link 6", "description": "Title of existing Wikipedia article about the sixth translator.", "type": "wiki-page-name", "aliases": [ "translator6-link" ] }, "translator-link7": { "label": "Translator link 7", "description": "Title of existing Wikipedia article about the seventh translator.", "type": "wiki-page-name", "aliases": [ "translator7-link" ] }, "translator-link8": { "label": "Translator link 8", "description": "Title of existing Wikipedia article about the eighth translator.", "type": "wiki-page-name", "aliases": [ "translator8-link" ] }, "translator-link9": { "label": "Translator link 9", "description": "Title of existing Wikipedia article about the ninth translator.", "type": "wiki-page-name", "aliases": [ "translator9-link" ] }, "display-authors": { "label": "Display authors", "description": "number of authors to display before 'et al.' is used; must be less than the number listed", "type": "number" }, "name-list-style": { "label": "Name list style", "description": "Sets the style for the list. Accepts 'amp', 'and', and 'vanc'. amp displays an ampersand after the penultimate name; and the same with 'and', and vanc displays in Vancouver format", "type": "string" }, "script-title": { "label": "Script Title", "description": "Original title for languages that do not use a Latin-based script (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, etc.); not italicized, follows italicized Romanization defined in title (if present). Must be prefixed with one of the supported language codes to help browsers properly display the script", "example": "ja:東京タワー", "type": "string" }, "url-status": { "label": "URL status", "description": "The status of the URL- live, dead, usurped/unfit (inappropriate content) or deviated (different content)", "suggestedvalues": [ "live", "dead", "usurped", "unfit", "deviated" ], "suggested": true }, "s2cid": { "label": "Semantic Scholar Corpus ID", "description": "The Corpus identifier in Semantic Scholar. Displays as a link to the Semantic Scholar page.", "example": "84541141", "aliases": [ "S2CID" ] }, "via": { "description": "Aggregate or database provider, when different from the Publisher.", "example": "[[Open Edition]], [[JSTOR]]", "type": "string" }, "url-access": { "label": "URL access level", "suggestedvalues": [ "registration", "limited", "subscription" ] }, "doi-access": { "label": "DOI access level", "suggestedvalues": [ "free" ], "description": "Requires DOI value." }, "bibcode-access": { "suggestedvalues": [ "free" ], "label": "Bibcode access level", "description": "If the full text is available from ADS via this Bibcode, type 'free'." }, "jstor-access": { "label": "Jstor access level", "description": "If the full text is free to read on Jstor, type 'free'.", "type": "string", "autovalue": "free" }, "s2cid-access": { "label": "Semantic Scholar Corpus ID (s2cid) Access Level", "suggestedvalues": [ "free" ] }, "agency": { "label": "Agency", "description": "The agency (wire service) that provided the content; examples: Associated Press, Reuters, Agence France-Presse", "type": "string" }, "title-link": { "label": "Title link", "description": "Title of existing Wikipedia article about the source named in title – do not use a web address; do not wikilink.", "type": "wiki-page-name" }, "collaboration": { "label": "Collaboration", "description": "Name of a group of authors or collaborators; requires author, last, or vauthors which list one or more primary authors; follows author name-list; appends 'et al.' to author name-list.", "type": "string" }, "script-chapter": { "label": "Script Chapter", "description": "Chapter heading for languages that do not use a Latin-based alphabet (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, Vietnamese, etc); follows transliteration defined in chapter. Should be prefixed with an ISO 639-1 two-character code to help browsers properly display the script", "example": "ja:東京タワー", "type": "string" }, "department": { "label": "Department", "description": "Department or column within a periodical." }, "hdl": { "aliases": [ "HDL" ], "label": "Handle System identifier", "description": "Handle System identifier for digital objects and other resources on the Internet", "type": "string" }, "mode": { "label": "Citation Style", "description": "Sets element separator, default terminal punctuation, and certain capitalization according to the value provided. For cs1, element separator and terminal punctuation is a period (.); where appropriate, initial letters of certain words are capitalized ('Retrieved...'). For cs2, element separator is a comma (,); terminal punctuation is omitted; where appropriate, initial letters of certain words are not capitalized ('retrieved...'). These styles correspond to Citation Style 1 and Citation Style 2 respectively. To override default terminal punctuation use the postscript parameter.", "type": "string", "suggestedvalues": [ "cs1", "cs2" ], "default": "cs2" }, "archive-format": { "label": "Archive Format", "description": "Format of the Archive" }, "hdl-access": { "label": "HDL access level", "description": "If the full text is free to read via the HDL, type 'free'.", "type": "string", "suggestedvalues": [ "free" ] }, "ismn": { "aliases": [ "ISMN" ], "label": "ISMN", "description": "International Standard Music Number; Use the ISMN actually printed on or in the work. Hyphens or spaces in the ISMN are optional.", "example": "979-0-9016791-7-7", "type": "string" }, "people": { "label": "People", "description": "Names of the authors", "type": "string" }, "editor-mask": { "label": "Mask for editor", "description": "Replaces the name of the editor with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing editor separator; for example, 'with' instead", "type": "string" } }, "maps": { "citoid": { "edition": "edition", "title": "title", "caseName": "title", "nameOfAct": "title", "url": "url", "label": "publisher", "company": "publisher", "studio": "publisher", "network": "publisher", "distributor": "publisher", "repository": "publisher", "publisher": "publisher", "organisation": "work", "programTitle": "work", "publicationTitle": "work", "dictionaryTitle": "work", "encyclopediaTitle": "work", "bookTitle": "work", "date": "date", "dateEnacted": "date", "dateDecided": "date", "accessDate": "access-date", "archiveUrl": "archive-url", "archiveDate": "archive-date", "repositoryLocation": "place", "place": "place", "ISSN": [ "issn" ], "ISBN": [ "isbn" ], "PMCID": "pmc", "PMID": "pmid", "oclc": "oclc", "archiveID": "id", "identifier": "id", "pages": "pages", "firstPage": "pages", "codePages": "pages", "volume": "volume", "reporterVolume": "volume", "codeVolume": "volume", "series": "series", "seriesNumber": "issue", "episodeNumber": "issue", "billNumber": "issue", "documentNumber": "issue", "publicLawNumber": "issue", "docketNumber": "issue", "issue": "issue", "format": "format", "type": "type", "genre": "type", "letterType": "type", "mapType": "type", "DOI": "doi", "language": "language", "podcaster": [ [ "first", "last" ], [ "first2", "last2" ], [ "first3", "last3" ], [ "first4", "last4" ], [ "first5", "last5" ], [ "first6", "last6" ], [ "first7", "last7" ], [ "first8", "last8" ], [ "first9", "last9" ] ], "cartographer": [ [ "first", "last" ], [ "first2", "last2" ], [ "first3", "last3" ], [ "first4", "last4" ], [ "first5", "last5" ], [ "first6", "last6" ], [ "first7", "last7" ], [ "first8", "last8" ], [ "first9", "last9" ] ], "interviewee": [ [ "first", "last" ], [ "first2", "last2" ], [ "first3", "last3" ], [ "first4", "last4" ], [ "first5", "last5" ], [ "first6", "last6" ], [ "first7", "last7" ], [ "first8", "last8" ], [ "first9", "last9" ] ], "performer": [ [ "first", "last" ], [ "first2", "last2" ], [ "first3", "last3" ], [ "first4", "last4" ], [ "first5", "last5" ], [ "first6", "last6" ], [ "first7", "last7" ], [ "first8", "last8" ], [ "first9", "last9" ] ], "programmer": [ [ "first", "last" ], [ "first2", "last2" ], [ "first3", "last3" ], [ "first4", "last4" ], [ "first5", "last5" ], [ "first6", "last6" ], [ "first7", "last7" ], [ "first8", "last8" ], [ "first9", "last9" ] ], "sponsor": [ [ "first", "last" ], [ "first2", "last2" ], [ "first3", "last3" ], [ "first4", "last4" ], [ "first5", "last5" ], [ "first6", "last6" ], [ "first7", "last7" ], [ "first8", "last8" ], [ "first9", "last9" ] ], "artist": [ [ "first", "last" ], [ "first2", "last2" ], [ "first3", "last3" ], [ "first4", "last4" ], [ "first5", "last5" ], [ "first6", "last6" ], [ "first7", "last7" ], [ "first8", "last8" ], [ "first9", "last9" ] ], "director": [ [ "first", "last" ], [ "first2", "last2" ], [ "first3", "last3" ], [ "first4", "last4" ], [ "first5", "last5" ], [ "first6", "last6" ], [ "first7", "last7" ], [ "first8", "last8" ], [ "first9", "last9" ] ], "contributor": "others", "author": [ [ "first", "last" ], [ "first2", "last2" ], [ "first3", "last3" ], [ "first4", "last4" ], [ "first5", "last5" ], [ "first6", "last6" ], [ "first7", "last7" ], [ "first8", "last8" ], [ "first9", "last9" ] ], "translator": [ [ "translator-first", "translator-last" ], [ "translator-first2", "translator-last2" ], [ "translator-first3", "translator-last3" ], [ "translator-first4", "translator-last4" ], [ "translator-first5", "translator-last5" ], [ "translator-first6", "translator-last6" ], [ "translator-first7", "translator-last7" ], [ "translator-first8", "translator-last8" ], [ "translator-first9", "translator-last9" ] ], "editor": [ [ "editor-first", "editor-last" ], [ "editor2-first", "editor2-last" ], [ "editor3-first", "editor3-last" ], [ "editor4-first", "editor4-last" ] ] } }, "format": "{{_ |_=_}}", "paramOrder": [ "last", "first", "title", "title-link", "vauthors", "collaboration", "date", "work", "interviewer", "volume", "issue", "minutes", "time", "time-caption", "page", "pages", "publication-date", "df", "year", "postscript", "editor-last", "editor-first", "editor-link", "editor-mask", "author-mask", "author-mask2", "author-mask3", "author-mask4", "author-mask5", "author-mask6", "author-mask7", "author-mask8", "author-mask9", "display-editors", "orig-date", "editor-last2", "editor-first2", "editor-link2", "editor-mask2", "editor-last3", "editor-first3", "editor-link3", "editor-mask3", "editor-last4", "editor-first4", "editor-link4", "editor-mask4", "editor-last5", "editor-first5", "editor-link5", "editor-mask5", "editor-last6", "editor-first6", "editor-link6", "editor-mask6", "editor-last7", "editor-first7", "editor-link7", "editor-mask7", "editor-last8", "editor-first8", "editor-link8", "editor-mask8", "editor-last9", "editor-first9", "editor-link9", "editor-mask9", "trans-title", "script-title", "trans-chapter", "type", "url", "access-date", "archive-url", "archive-date", "archive-format", "url-status", "series", "at", "no-pp", "chapter", "script-chapter", "chapter-url", "chapter-format", "others", "veditors", "edition", "place", "publication-place", "publisher", "language", "format", "arxiv", "asin", "asin-tld", "bibcode", "biorxiv", "citeseerx", "doi", "doi-broken-date", "isbn", "issn", "eissn", "hdl", "jfm", "jstor", "lccn", "mr", "oclc", "ol", "osti", "pmc", "pmid", "s2cid", "rfc", "ssrn", "zbl", "id", "quote", "ref", "name-list-style", "display-authors", "last2", "first2", "last3", "first3", "last4", "first4", "last5", "first5", "last6", "first6", "last7", "first7", "last8", "first8", "last9", "first9", "author-link", "author-link2", "author-link3", "author-link4", "author-link5", "author-link6", "author-link7", "author-link8", "author-link9", "editor2-last", "editor2-first", "editor3-last", "editor3-first", "editor4-last", "editor4-first", "editor5-last", "editor5-first", "editor6-last", "editor6-first", "editor7-last", "editor7-first", "editor8-last", "editor8-first", "editor9-last", "editor9-first", "editor2-link", "editor3-link", "editor4-link", "translator-last", "translator-first", "translator-link", "translator-last2", "translator-first2", "translator-last3", "translator-first3", "translator-last4", "translator-first4", "translator-last5", "translator-first5", "translator-last6", "translator-first6", "translator-last7", "translator-first7", "translator-last8", "translator-first8", "translator-last9", "translator-first9", "translator-link2", "translator-link3", "translator-link4", "translator-link5", "translator-link6", "translator-link7", "translator-link8", "translator-link9", "url-access", "doi-access", "via", "bibcode-access", "jstor-access", "s2cid-access", "agency", "department", "mode", "hdl-access", "ismn", "people" ] } </templatedata> {{UF-COinS}} == See also == * [[Wikipedia:Citation templates]] * [[Wikipedia:Inline citation]] * [[Wikipedia:Parenthetical referencing]] * For a comparison of citations using templates with citations written freehand, see [[Wikipedia:Citing sources/Example edits for different methods#Footnotes|Wikipedia:Citing sources/Example edits for different methods §&nbsp;Footnotes]] == Notes == {{Reflist}} {{Wikipedia referencing}} {{Wikipedia help pages}}<includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- Categories go below this line, please; interwikis go to Wikidata, thank you! --> [[Category:Citation Style 2 templates]] }}</includeonly> 7ggyjneczy5fk2ybmbm5ghgqhe85u9b 10 33600 157824 2026-04-22T03:21:44Z Tinta Emas Historia Network 33174 Geupeugöt laman ngön asoë '<noinclude>{{pp-vandalism|small=yes}}</noinclude>{{documentation subpage}} {{High-use}} {{lua|Module:IPAc-en}} This template is used to display English [[International Phonetic Alphabet]] (IPA). The pronunciation is broken into individual [[diaphoneme]]s so that they will have tooltips (mouse-over text) to indicate pronunciation. All diaphonemes from [[Help:IPA/English]] are available. == Usage == The transcription system of [[Help:IPA/English]], upon which...' 157824 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{pp-vandalism|small=yes}}</noinclude>{{documentation subpage}} {{High-use}} {{lua|Module:IPAc-en}} This template is used to display English [[International Phonetic Alphabet]] (IPA). The pronunciation is broken into individual [[diaphoneme]]s so that they will have tooltips (mouse-over text) to indicate pronunciation. All diaphonemes from [[Help:IPA/English]] are available. == Usage == The transcription system of [[Help:IPA/English]], upon which this template relies, is diaphonemic, i.e. meant to cover multiple major varieties of English at once. If you wish to give a narrow transcription of a pronunciation in a certain variety of English, use {{tlx|IPA|2=en{{pipe}}...{{pipe}}generic=yes}}. Note: Per [[WP:LEAD]], do not use this template in the lead section for common English words (e.g., ''[[pub]]'', ''[[rose]]'', ''[[pencil]]'', ''[[bus]]'', ''[[Monday]]'', ''[[Earth]]'', etc.). The named parameter {{para|audio}} may be used to link to an audio file. Notations with audio links will appear under [[:Category:Pages including recorded pronunciations]]. If "[invalid input]" is displayed, it means that an unsupported input was used. Such instances are tallied at [[:Category:Ill-formatted IPAc-en transclusions]], where they can be reviewed and fixed. == Examples == * {{demo-inline|<nowiki>{{IPAc-en|ˌ|æ|l|ə|ˈ|b|æ|m|ə}}</nowiki>}} * {{demo-inline|<nowiki>{{IPAc-en|audio=en-us-Alabama.ogg|ˌ|æ|l|ə|ˈ|b|æ|m|ə}}</nowiki>}} * {{demo-inline|<nowiki>{{IPAc-en|US|audio=en-us-Alabama.ogg|ˌ|æ|l|ə|ˈ|b|æ|m|ə}}</nowiki>}} Examples using [[X-SAMPA]] spelling for individual diaphonemes: * {{demo-inline|<nowiki>{{IPAc-en|,|{|l|@|'|b|{|m|@}}</nowiki>}} * {{demo-inline|<nowiki>{{IPAc-en|lang|audio=en-us-Alabama.ogg|,|{|l|@|'|b|{|m|@}}</nowiki>}} == Pronunciation and IPA link codes == The initial argument (entry after |) can be used to indicate a pronunciation label. The codes are: {| class="wikitable" |+ Label codes ! Code !! Output |- | <code>lang</code> || English: |- | <code>local</code> || locally |- | <code>ipa</code> || [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]: |- | <code>also</code> || also |- | <code>uk</code> || [[British English|UK]]: |- | <code>us</code> || [[American English|US]]: |- | <code>uklang</code> || [[British English]]: |- | <code>uslang</code> || [[American English]]: |- | <code>ukalso</code> || [[British English|UK]] also |- | <code>usalso</code> || [[American English|US]] also |- | <code>alsouk</code> || also [[British English|UK]]: |- | <code>alsous</code> || also [[American English|US]]: |} The first argument that is not a code above will be treated as a diaphoneme. All diaphonemes listed at [[Help:IPA/English]] are available (except the ones that span two syllables such as {{IPA|/iə/}}, which need to be input as <code>i|ə</code>). Also available are {{IPA|/ɪəˈr/}}, {{IPA|/ɛəˈr/}}, {{IPA|/ʊəˈr/}}, {{IPA|/ɪəˌr/}}, {{IPA|/ɛəˌr/}}, and {{IPA|/ʊəˌr/}}, preserved for when a centering diphthong precedes a stress. ===Separator codes=== Use an underscore <code>_</code> to separate words. When multiple pronunciations for the same word(s) are possible, use a comma and an underscore <code>,_</code>, which will appear as a comma and a space, to separate the variants. As necessary, use a hyphen <code>-</code> to indicate omitted syllables. Diaphonemes are underlined, but separators are not, and separators do not have any tooltip text. See the table below for a full list of separator codes. ===Diaphoneme codes=== Note that the aliases include ones that are kept merely for compatibility reasons and therefore not recommended for further use, as they might not accurately represent the sound represented by the output. Aliases from [[X-SAMPA]], on the other hand, are fine. {{#invoke:IPAc-en/documentation|phonemes}} == TemplateData == {{collapse top|TemplateData}} {{TemplateData header}} <templatedata> { "format": "inline", "params": { "1": { "label": "1st input", "type": "string", "required": true, "description": "Either a label code (e.g. 'local') or the first diaphoneme" }, "2": { "label": "2nd input", "type": "string", "required": false }, "3": { "label": "3rd input", "type": "string", "required": false }, "4": { "label": "4th input", "type": "string", "required": false }, "5": { "label": "5th input", "type": "string", "required": false }, "6": { "label": "6th input", "type": "string", "required": false }, "7": { "label": "7th input", "type": "string", "required": false }, "8": { "label": "8th input", "type": "string", "required": false }, "9": { "label": "9th input", "type": "string", "required": false }, "10": { "label": "10th input", "type": "string", "required": false }, "11": { "label": "11th input", "type": "string", "required": false }, "12": { "label": "12th input", "type": "string", "required": false }, "13": { "label": "13th input", "type": "string", "required": false }, "14": { "label": "14th input", "type": "string", "required": false }, "15": { "label": "15th input", "type": "string", "required": false }, "16": { "label": "16th input", "type": "string", "required": false }, "17": { "label": "17th input", "type": "string", "required": false }, "18": { "label": "18th input", "type": "string", "required": false }, "19": { "label": "19th input", "type": "string", "required": false }, "20": { "label": "20th input", "type": "string", "required": false }, "21": { "label": "21st input", "type": "string", "required": false }, "22": { "label": "22nd input", "type": "string", "required": false }, "23": { "label": "23rd input", "type": "string", "required": false }, "24": { "label": "24th input", "type": "string", "required": false }, "25": { "label": "25th input", "type": "string", "required": false }, "26": { "label": "26th input", "type": "string", "required": false }, "27": { "label": "27th input", "type": "string", "required": false }, "28": { "label": "28th input", "type": "string", "required": false }, "29": { "label": "29th input", "type": "string", "required": false }, "30": { "label": "30th input", "type": "string", "required": false }, "31": { "label": "31st input", "type": "string", "required": false }, "32": { "label": "32nd input", "type": "string", "required": false }, "33": { "label": "33rd input", "type": "string", "required": false }, "34": { "label": "34th input", "type": "string", "required": false }, "35": { "label": "35th input", "type": "string", "required": false }, "36": { "label": "36th input", "type": "string", "required": false }, "37": { "label": "37th input", "type": "string", "required": false }, "38": { "label": "38th input", "type": "string", "required": false }, "39": { "label": "39th input", "type": "string", "required": false }, "40": { "label": "40th input", "type": "string", "required": false }, "41": { "label": "41st input", "type": "string", "required": false }, "42": { "label": "42nd input", "type": "string", "required": false }, "43": { "label": "43rd input", "type": "string", "required": false }, "44": { "label": "44th input", "type": "string", "required": false }, "45": { "label": "45th input", "type": "string", "required": false }, "46": { "label": "46th input", "type": "string", "required": false }, "47": { "label": "47th input", "type": "string", "required": false }, "48": { "label": "48th input", "type": "string", "required": false }, "49": { "label": "49th input", "type": "string", "required": false }, "50": { "label": "50th input", "type": "string", "required": false }, "51": { "label": "51st input", "type": "string", "required": false }, "52": { "label": "52nd input", "type": "string", "required": false }, "53": { "label": "53rd input", "type": "string", "required": false }, "54": { "label": "54th input", "type": "string", "required": false }, "55": { "label": "55th input", "type": "string", "required": false }, "56": { "label": "56th input", "type": "string", "required": false }, "57": { "label": "57th input", "type": "string", "required": false }, "58": { "label": "58th input", "type": "string", "required": false }, "59": { "label": "59th input", "type": "string", "required": false }, "60": { "label": "60th input", "type": "string", "required": false }, "61": { "label": "61st input", "type": "string", "required": false }, "62": { "label": "62nd input", "type": "string", "required": false }, "63": { "label": "63rd input", "type": "string", "required": false }, "64": { "label": "64th input", "type": "string", "required": false }, "65": { "label": "65th input", "type": "string", "required": false }, "66": { "label": "66th input", "type": "string", "required": false }, "67": { "label": "67th input", "type": "string", "required": false }, "68": { "label": "68th input", "type": "string", "required": false }, "69": { "label": "69th input", "type": "string", "required": false }, "70": { "label": "70th input", "type": "string", "required": false }, "71": { "label": "71st input", "type": "string", "required": false }, "72": { "label": "72nd input", "type": "string", "required": false }, "73": { "label": "73rd input", "type": "string", "required": false }, "74": { "label": "74th input", "type": "string", "required": false }, "75": { "label": "75th input", "type": "string", "required": false }, "76": { "label": "76th input", "type": "string", "required": false }, "77": { "label": "77th input", "type": "string", "required": false }, "78": { "label": "78th input", "type": "string", "required": false }, "79": { "label": "79th input", "type": "string", "required": false }, "80": { "label": "80th input", "type": "string", "required": false }, "81": { "label": "81st input", "type": "string", "required": false }, "82": { "label": "82nd input", "type": "string", "required": false }, "83": { "label": "83rd input", "type": "string", "required": false }, "84": { "label": "84th input", "type": "string", "required": false }, "85": { "label": "85th input", "type": "string", "required": false }, "86": { "label": "86th input", "type": "string", "required": false }, "87": { "label": "87th input", "type": "string", "required": false }, "88": { "label": "88th input", "type": "string", "required": false }, "89": { "label": "89th input", "type": "string", "required": false }, "90": { "label": "90th input", "type": "string", "required": false }, "91": { "label": "91st input", "type": "string", "required": false }, "92": { "label": "92nd input", "type": "string", "required": false }, "93": { "label": "93rd input", "type": "string", "required": false }, "94": { "label": "94th input", "type": "string", "required": false }, "95": { "label": "95th input", "type": "string", "required": false }, "96": { "label": "96th input", "type": "string", "required": false }, "97": { "label": "97th input", "type": "string", "required": false }, "98": { "label": "98th input", "type": "string", "required": false }, "99": { "label": "99th input", "type": "string", "required": false }, "100": { "label": "100th input", "type": "string", "required": false }, "audio": { "label": "Audio file", "description": "The audio file without the \"File:\" prefix", "example": "En-us-Foobar.ogg", "type": "wiki-file-name" } }, "description": "This template is used to display English International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). The pronunciation is broken into individual diaphonemes so that they will have tooltips (mouse-over text) to indicate pronunciation." } </templatedata> {{collapse bottom}} == See also == * {{tl|Respell}}, for [[Help:Pronunciation respelling key|pronunciation respelling]]s, which may be used for English words in addition to the IPA {{IPA templates}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| [[Category:IPA language templates|c]] [[Category:Templates that add a tracking category]] }}</includeonly> o7ltqqxjl0qgivrfbmvfmonw00ie31a 10 33601 157825 2026-04-22T03:25:53Z Tinta Emas Historia Network 33174 Geupeugöt laman ngön asoë '<includeonly><!-- IMPLEMENTATION OF DATE -->{{#if: {{{1|}}}<!-- -->|{{#if: {{{2|}}}<!-- -->|{{#if: {{{3|}}}<!-- -->|{{#ifeq:{{yesno|{{{df|no}}}}}|yes<!-- -->|{{#expr:{{{3}}}}}&nbsp;{{MONTHNAME|{{{2}}}}}<!-- -->|{{MONTHNAME|{{{2}}}}}&nbsp;{{#expr:{{{3}}}}},<!-- -->}} {{{1}}}<!-- -->|{{MONTHNAME|{{{2}}}}}&nbsp;{{{1}}}<!-- -->}}<!-- -->|{{{1}}}<!-- -->}}<!-- --><span class="nopr...' 157825 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly><!-- IMPLEMENTATION OF DATE -->{{#if: {{{1|}}}<!-- -->|{{#if: {{{2|}}}<!-- -->|{{#if: {{{3|}}}<!-- -->|{{#ifeq:{{yesno|{{{df|no}}}}}|yes<!-- -->|{{#expr:{{{3}}}}}&nbsp;{{MONTHNAME|{{{2}}}}}<!-- -->|{{MONTHNAME|{{{2}}}}}&nbsp;{{#expr:{{{3}}}}},<!-- -->}} {{{1}}}<!-- -->|{{MONTHNAME|{{{2}}}}}&nbsp;{{{1}}}<!-- -->}}<!-- -->|{{{1}}}<!-- -->}}<!-- --><span class="noprint">{{#ifeq:{{yesno|{{{paren|{{{p|no}}}}}}}}|yes||&#059;}}<!-- -->{{#ifeq:{{yesno|{{{br|no}}}}}|yes|<br/>|&#032;}}<!-- -->{{#ifeq:{{yesno|{{{paren|{{{p|no}}}}}}}}|yes|(}}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{2|}}}<!-- -->|{{#if: {{{3|}}}<!-- -->|{{time ago|{{{1}}}-{{{2}}}-{{{3}}}|min_magnitude=days}}<!-- -->|{{years or months ago|{{{1}}}|{{#time:n|1-{{trim|{{{2}}}}}-1}}}}<!-- -->}}<!-- -->|{{#iferror:{{#expr:{{{1}}}}}<!-- -->|{{time ago|{{{1}}}|min_magnitude=days}}<!-- -->|{{years or months ago|{{{1}}}}}<!-- -->}}<!-- -->}}<!-- -->{{#ifeq:{{yesno|{{{paren|{{{p|no}}}}}}}}|yes|)}}</span><!-- -->|<!--first parameter is missing.-->{{#if: {{{2|}}}|{{Error|Error: first parameter is missing.|tag=span}}<!-- -->|{{#if: {{{3|}}}|{{Error|Error: first parameter is missing.|tag=span}} }} }}<!-- -->}}<!-- IMPLEMENTATION OF microformat date classes --><span style="display:none">&#160;(<span class="{{#ifeq:{{yesno|{{{end|no}}}}}|yes|dtend|bday dtstart published updated}}"><!-- -->{{#if: {{{1|}}}<!-- -->|{{{1}}}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{2|}}}<!-- -->| -{{#time:m|1-{{trim|{{{2}}}}}-1}}<!-- -->{{#if: {{{3|}}}<!-- -->| -{{padleft:{{{3}}}|2|0}}<!-- -->}}<!-- -->}}<!-- -->}}<!-- --></span>)</span><!-- Tracking categories -->{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown=[[Category:Pages using start date and age with unknown parameters|_VALUE_]]|preview=Page using [[Template:Start date and age]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|showblankpositional=1| 1 | 2 | 3 | br | df | end | p | paren }}</includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> icfdg4ac6yx9tdex3zgz6t5omu1jb71 10 33602 157826 2026-04-22T03:27:05Z Tinta Emas Historia Network 33174 Geupeugöt laman ngön asoë '{{Documentation subpage}} <!-- EDIT TEMPLATE DOCUMENTATION BELOW THIS LINE --> {{High-use}} {{COinS safe|n}} {{Template shortcut|sda}} {{Lua|Module:Check for unknown parameters|Module:Date time}} {{tlb|Start date and age}} displays the date that an event or entity started or was created. It also includes a duplicate, machine-readable date in the [[ISO 8601]] format (which is hidden by [[CSS]]), for use inside other templates which emit [[microformat]]s. The h...' 157826 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- EDIT TEMPLATE DOCUMENTATION BELOW THIS LINE --> {{High-use}} {{COinS safe|n}} {{Template shortcut|sda}} {{Lua|Module:Check for unknown parameters|Module:Date time}} {{tlb|Start date and age}} displays the date that an event or entity started or was created. It also includes a duplicate, machine-readable date in the [[ISO 8601]] format (which is hidden by [[CSS]]), for use inside other templates which emit [[microformat]]s. The hidden date degrades gracefully when CSS is not available. == Usage == * {{tlx|Start date and age|{{var|YYYY}}|{{var|MM}}|{{var|DD}}}} (year, month, and day) * {{tlx|Start date and age|{{var|YYYY}}|{{var|MM}}|{{var|DD}}|df{{=}}yes}} * {{tlx|Start date and age|{{var|YYYY}}|{{var|MM}}|{{var|DD}}|df{{=}}yes|p{{=}}yes|br{{=}}yes}} == Parameters == {| class="wikitable" ! Parameter ! Status ! Description |- | {{para|1}} | required | A four-digit number indicating the year. |- | {{para|2}} | optional | A number between 1 and 12 indicating the month (leading zeros in the number are ignored). |- | {{para|3}} | optional | A number between 1 and 31 indicating the day of the month (leading zeros in the number are ignored). |- | {{para|df}} | optional | When set to {{para|df|yes}} or {{para|df|y}} displays the day before the month (e.g. "7 November 2004" instead of the default "November 7, 2004"). |- | {{para|p}}<br/> {{para|paren}} | optional | When set to {{para|p|yes}} or {{para|p|y}} the age will be displayed within parentheses. When this parameter is not included, the date and age are separated by a semicolon and a breaking space. |- | {{para|br}} | optional | When set to {{para|br|yes}} or {{para|br|y}} a line break will be inserted between the date and the age. When this parameter is not included, a breaking space will be inserted between the date and the age. This does not change the separating characters between the date and age which are either a semicolon (default setting) or parentheses (if {{para|p|yes}}). |} == Examples == === Default separator: semicolon === {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;" ! style="width:60%;" | Syntax ! style="width:40%;" | Result |- |colspan="2" style="background-color:#DDD" | '''Full date (year, month, day)''' |- | {{tlx|Start date and age|2010|01|02}} | {{Start date and age|2010|01|02}} |- | {{tlx|Start date and age|2010|1|2|df{{=}}yes}} | {{Start date and age|2010|1|2|df=yes}} |- | {{tlx|Start date and age|2008|01|9|df{{=}}y}} | {{Start date and age|2008|01|9|df=y}} |- | 100 days ago:<br />{{tlx|Start date and age|{{#time:Y|now-100 days}}|{{#time:n|now-100 days}}|{{#time:j|now-100 days}}}} | {{Start date and age|{{#time:Y|now-100 days}}|{{#time:n|now-100 days}}|{{#time:j|now-100 days}}}} |- | Yesterday:<br />{{tlx|Start date and age|{{#time:Y|now-1 days}}|{{#time:n|now-1 days}}|{{#time:j|now-1 days}}}} | {{Start date and age|{{#time:Y|now-1 days}}|{{#time:n|now-1 days}}|{{#time:j|now-1 days}}}} |- | Today:<br />{{tlx|Start date and age|{{#time:Y|now}}|{{#time:n|now}}|{{#time:j|now}}}} | {{Start date and age|{{#time:Y|now}}|{{#time:n|now}}|{{#time:j|now}}}} |- |colspan="2" style="background-color:#DDD" | '''Year and month''' |- | {{tlx|Start date and age|2001|9}} | {{Start date and age|2001|9}} |- | {{tlx|Start date and age|2002|09}} | {{Start date and age|2002|09}} |- |colspan="2" style="background-color:#DDD" | '''Year only''' |- | {{tlx|Start date and age|2005}} | {{Start date and age|2005}} |} === Optional separator: parentheses === {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;" ! style="width:60%;" | Syntax ! style="width:40%;" | Result |- |colspan="2" style="background-color:#DDD" | '''Full date (year, month, day)''' |- | {{tlx|Start date and age|2003|02|15|p{{=}}yes}} | {{Start date and age|2003|02|15|p=yes}} |- | {{tlx|Start date and age|2003|02|15|df{{=}}y|p{{=}}y}} | {{Start date and age|2003|02|15|df=y|p=yes}} |- |colspan="2" style="background-color:#DDD" | '''Year and month''' |- | {{tlx|Start date and age|2003|02|p{{=}}y}} | {{Start date and age|2003|02|p=y}} |- |colspan="2" style="background-color:#DDD" | '''Year only''' |- | {{tlx|Start date and age|2003|paren{{=}}yes}} | {{Start date and age|2003|paren=yes}} |} === Line break with semicolon === {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;" ! style="width:60%;" | Syntax ! style="width:40%;" | Result |- |colspan="2" style="background-color:#DDD" | '''Full date (year, month, day)''' |- | {{tlx|Start date and age|2003|02|15|br{{=}}yes}} | {{Start date and age|2003|02|15|br=yes}} |- | {{tlx|Start date and age|2003|02|15|df{{=}}y|br{{=}}y}} | {{Start date and age|2003|02|15|df=y|br=y}} |- |colspan="2" style="background-color:#DDD" | '''Year and month''' |- | {{tlx|Start date and age|2003|02|br{{=}}y}} | {{Start date and age|2003|02|br=y}} |- |colspan="2" style="background-color:#DDD" | '''Year only''' |- | {{tlx|Start date and age|2003|br{{=}}yes}} | {{Start date and age|2003|br=yes}} |} === Line break with parentheses === {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;" ! style="width:60%;" | Syntax ! style="width:40%;" | Result |- |colspan="2" style="background-color:#DDD" | '''Full date (year, month, day)''' |- | {{tlx|Start date and age|2003|02|15|p{{=}}yes|br{{=}}yes}} | {{Start date and age|2003|02|15|p=yes|br=yes}} |- | {{tlx|Start date and age|2003|02|15|df{{=}}y|p{{=}}y|br{{=}}y}} | {{Start date and age|2003|02|15|df=y|p=y|br=y}} |- |colspan="2" style="background-color:#DDD" | '''Year and month''' |- | {{tlx|Start date and age|2003|02|p{{=}}y|br{{=}}y}} | {{Start date and age|2003|02|p=y|br=y}} |- |colspan="2" style="background-color:#DDD" | '''Year only''' |- | {{tlx|Start date and age|2003|paren{{=}}yes|br{{=}}yes}} | {{Start date and age|2003|paren=yes|br=yes}} |} ==TemplateData == {{collapse top|[[Wikipedia:TemplateData|TemplateData]] documentation used by [[Wikipedia:VisualEditor|VisualEditor]] and other tools}} {{TemplateData header|noheader=1}} <templatedata> { "params": { "1": { "label": "Year", "description": "A four-digit number indicating the year", "example": "2017", "type": "number", "required": true }, "2": { "label": "Month", "description": "A number between 1 and 12 indicating the month", "example": "12", "type": "number", "suggested": true }, "3": { "label": "Day", "description": "A number between 1 and 31 indicating the day of the month", "example": "31", "type": "number", "suggested": true }, "df": { "label": "Display date first", "description": "Set to 'yes' to show the day before the month name", "type": "line", "suggestedvalues": [ "yes", "y" ] }, "paren": { "aliases": [ "p" ], "label": "Display with parentheses", "description": "Set to 'yes' to display the age within parentheses. When this parameter is not included, the date and age are separated by a semicolon and a breaking space.", "type": "line", "suggestedvalues": [ "yes", "y" ] }, "br": { "label": "Line break between date and age", "description": "Set to 'yes' to add a line break between the date and the age. When this parameter is not included, a breaking space will be inserted between the date and the age. This does not change the separating characters between the date and age which are either a semicolon (default setting) or parentheses (if paren=yes).", "type": "line", "suggestedvalues": [ "yes", "y" ] } }, "description": "The Start date and age template displays the date that an event or entity started or was created." } </templatedata> {{collapse bottom}} == Use in microformats == {{UF-date-part}} === Example === {{nowiki template demo|format=inline|output=nowiki+|code=<nowiki>{{Start date and age|2016|12|31}}</nowiki>}} == Tracking categories == * {{clc|Pages using start date and age with unknown parameters}} == See also == * {{tl|Start date}} * {{tl|End date and age}} * {{tl|Time ago}} and {{tl|Years or months ago}} * {{tl|Age}} {{Birth, death and age templates|dates}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other| | <!-- Categories go here and interwikis go in Wikidata --> [[Category:Date-computing templates based on current time]] }}</includeonly> ewxqmj61a66nuwms0zc4t5jzefn2al3 10 33603 157827 2026-04-22T03:29:03Z Tinta Emas Historia Network 33174 Geupeugöt laman ngön asoë '<includeonly>{{#invoke:Date time|generate_date|template=end date and age}}<!-- Tracking categories -->{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown=[[Category:Pages using end date and age with unknown parameters|_VALUE_]]|preview=Page using [[Template:End date and age]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|showblankpositional=1| 1 | 2 | 3 | br | df | p | paren }}</includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude>' 157827 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:Date time|generate_date|template=end date and age}}<!-- Tracking categories -->{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown=[[Category:Pages using end date and age with unknown parameters|_VALUE_]]|preview=Page using [[Template:End date and age]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|showblankpositional=1| 1 | 2 | 3 | br | df | p | paren }}</includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> hrl0twfn8xnij6p2ujcdrj8q2g0h3kt 10 33604 157828 2026-04-22T03:29:45Z Tinta Emas Historia Network 33174 Geupeugöt laman ngön asoë '{{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Categories go at the bottom of this page and interwikis go in Wikidata. --> {{High-use}} {{Lua|Module:Check for unknown parameters|Module:Date time}} {{tlb|End date and age}} displays the date that an event or entity ended. It also includes a duplicate, machine-readable date in the [[ISO 8601]] format (which is hidden by [[CSS]]), for use inside other templates which emit [[microformat]]s. The hidden date degrades gracefully whe...' 157828 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Categories go at the bottom of this page and interwikis go in Wikidata. --> {{High-use}} {{Lua|Module:Check for unknown parameters|Module:Date time}} {{tlb|End date and age}} displays the date that an event or entity ended. It also includes a duplicate, machine-readable date in the [[ISO 8601]] format (which is hidden by [[CSS]]), for use inside other templates which emit [[microformat]]s. The hidden date degrades gracefully when CSS is not available. == Usage == * {{tlx|End date and age|{{var|YYYY}}|{{var|MM}}|{{var|DD}}}} (year, month, and day) * {{tlx|End date and age|{{var|YYYY}}|{{var|MM}}|{{var|DD}}|df{{=}}yes}} * {{tlx|End date and age|{{var|YYYY}}|{{var|MM}}|{{var|DD}}|df{{=}}yes|p{{=}}yes|br{{=}}yes}} == Parameters == {| class="wikitable" ! Parameter ! Status ! Description |- | {{para|1}} | required | A four-digit number indicating the year. |- | {{para|2}} | optional | A number between 1 and 12 indicating the month (leading zeros in the number are ignored). |- | {{para|3}} | optional | A number between 1 and 31 indicating the day of the month (leading zeros in the number are ignored). |- | {{para|df}} | optional | When set to {{para|df|yes}} or {{para|df|y}} displays the day before the month (e.g. "7 November 2004" instead of the default "November 7, 2004"). |- | {{para|p}}<br/> {{para|paren}} | optional | When set to {{para|p|yes}} or {{para|p|y}} the age will be displayed within parentheses. When this parameter is not included, the date and age are separated by a semicolon and a breaking space. |- | {{para|br}} | optional | When set to {{para|br|yes}} or {{para|br|y}} a line break will be inserted between the date and the age. When this parameter is not included, a breaking space will be inserted between the date and the age. This does not change the separating characters between the date and age which are either a semicolon (default setting) or parentheses (if {{para|p|yes}}). |} == Examples == === Default separator: semicolon === {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;" ! style="width:60%;" | Syntax ! style="width:40%;" | Result |- |colspan="2" style="background-color:#DDD" | '''Full date (year, month, day)''' |- | {{tlx|End date and age|2010|01|02}} | {{End date and age|2010|01|02}} |- | {{tlx|End date and age|2010|1|2|df{{=}}yes}} | {{End date and age|2010|1|2|df=yes}} |- | 100 days ago:<br />{{tlx|End date and age|{{#time:Y|now-100 days}}&#124;{{#time:n|now-100 days}}&#124;{{#time:j|now-100 days}}}} | {{End date and age|{{#time:Y|now-100 days}}|{{#time:n|now-100 days}}|{{#time:j|now-100 days}}}} |- | Yesterday:<br />{{tlx|End date and age|{{#time:Y|now-1 days}}&#124;{{#time:n|now-1 days}}&#124;{{#time:j|now-1 days}}}} | {{End date and age|{{#time:Y|now-1 days}}|{{#time:n|now-1 days}}|{{#time:j|now-1 days}}}} |- | Today:<br />{{tlx|End date and age|{{#time:Y|now}}&#124;{{#time:n|now}}&#124;{{#time:j|now}}}} | {{End date and age|{{#time:Y|now}}|{{#time:n|now}}|{{#time:j|now}}}} |- |colspan="2" style="background-color:#DDD" | '''Year and month''' |- | {{tlx|End date and age|2001|9}} | {{End date and age|2001|9}} |- | {{tlx|End date and age|2002|09}} | {{End date and age|2002|09}} |- |colspan="2" style="background-color:#DDD" | '''Year only''' |- | {{tlx|End date and age|2005}} | {{End date and age|2005}} |} === Optional separator: parentheses === {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;" ! style="width:60%;" | Syntax ! style="width:40%;" | Result |- |colspan="2" style="background-color:#DDD" | '''Full date (year, month, day)''' |- | {{tlx|End date and age|2003|02|15|p{{=}}yes}} | {{End date and age|2003|02|15|p=yes}} |- | {{tlx|End date and age|2003|02|15|df{{=}}y|p{{=}}y}} | {{End date and age|2003|02|15|df=y|p=yes}} |- |colspan="2" style="background-color:#DDD" | '''Year and month''' |- | {{tlx|End date and age|2003|02|p{{=}}y}} | {{End date and age|2003|02|p=y}} |- |colspan="2" style="background-color:#DDD" | '''Year only''' |- | {{tlx|End date and age|2003|paren{{=}}yes}} | {{End date and age|2003|paren=yes}} |} === Line break with semicolon === {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;" ! style="width:60%;" | Syntax ! style="width:40%;" | Result |- |colspan="2" style="background-color:#DDD" | '''Full date (year, month, day)''' |- | {{tlx|End date and age|2003|02|15|br{{=}}yes}} | {{End date and age|2003|02|15|br=yes}} |- | {{tlx|End date and age|2003|02|15|df{{=}}y|br{{=}}y}} | {{End date and age|2003|02|15|df=y|br=y}} |- |colspan="2" style="background-color:#DDD" | '''Year and month''' |- | {{tlx|End date and age|2003|02|br{{=}}y}} | {{End date and age|2003|02|br=y}} |- |colspan="2" style="background-color:#DDD" | '''Year only''' |- | {{tlx|End date and age|2003|br{{=}}yes}} | {{End date and age|2003|br=yes}} |} === Line break with parentheses === {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;" ! style="width:60%;" | Syntax ! style="width:40%;" | Result |- |colspan="2" style="background-color:#DDD" | '''Full date (year, month, day)''' |- | {{tlx|End date and age|2003|02|15|p{{=}}yes|br{{=}}yes}} | {{End date and age|2003|02|15|p=yes|br=yes}} |- | {{tlx|End date and age|2003|02|15|df{{=}}y|p{{=}}y|br{{=}}y}} | {{End date and age|2003|02|15|df=y|p=y|br=y}} |- |colspan="2" style="background-color:#DDD" | '''Year and month''' |- | {{tlx|End date and age|2003|02|p={{=}}y|br{{=}}y}} | {{End date and age|2003|02|p=y|br=y}} |- |colspan="2" style="background-color:#DDD" | '''Year only''' |- | {{tlx|End date and age|2003|paren{{=}}yes|br{{=}}yes}} | {{End date and age|2003|paren=yes|br=yes}} |} == TemplateData == {{collapse top|[[Wikipedia:TemplateData|TemplateData]] documentation used by [[Wikipedia:VisualEditor|VisualEditor]] and other tools}} {{TemplateData header|noheader=1}} <templatedata> { "params": { "1": { "label": "Year", "description": "A four-digit number indicating the year", "example": "2017", "type": "number", "required": true }, "2": { "label": "Month", "description": "A number between 1 and 12 indicating the month", "example": "12", "type": "number", "suggested": true }, "3": { "label": "Day", "description": "A number between 1 and 31 indicating the day of the month", "example": "31", "type": "number", "suggested": true }, "df": { "label": "Display date first", "description": "Set to 'yes' to show the day before the month name", "type": "line", "suggestedvalues": [ "yes", "y" ] }, "paren": { "aliases": [ "p" ], "label": "Display with parentheses", "description": "Set to 'yes' to display the age within parentheses. When this parameter is not included, the date and age are separated by a semicolon and a breaking space.", "type": "line", "suggestedvalues": [ "yes", "y" ] }, "br": { "label": "Line break between date and age", "description": "Set to 'yes' to add a line break between the date and the age. When this parameter is not included, a breaking space will be inserted between the date and the age. This does not change the separating characters between the date and age which are either a semicolon (default setting) or parentheses (if paren=yes).", "type": "line", "suggestedvalues": [ "yes", "y" ] } }, "description": "The End date and age template displays the date that an event or entity ended." } </templatedata> {{collapse bottom}} == Use in microformats == The template returns the date as [[hCalendar]]'s (<code>class="dtend"</code>). For example: :<nowiki> (<span class="dtend">1993-02-24T08:30</span>)</nowiki> (disable CSS or view source to see the hidden ISO-formatted output). See [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Microformats|the microformats project]] for further details. === Example === {{nowiki template demo|format=inline|output=nowiki+|code=<nowiki>{{End date and age|2015|12|31}}</nowiki>}} == Tracking categories == * {{clc|Pages using end date and age with unknown parameters}} * {{clc|Pages using Module:Date time with invalid values}} == See also == * {{tl|End date}} * {{tl|Start date and age}} * {{tl|Time ago}} and {{tl|Years or months ago}} * {{tl|Age}} {{Birth, death and age templates|dates}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other| | <!-- Categories go here and interwikis go in Wikidata --> [[Category:Date-computing templates based on current time]] [[Category:Templates that add a tracking category]] }}</includeonly> 0fwq0lrhgzysgzrewff1d8w2mp0ds80 0 33605 157830 2026-04-22T03:32:11Z Tinta Emas Historia Network 33174 Tinta Emas Historia Network geupinah laman [[Alexander Agông]] u [[Alexander Rayek]] 157830 wikitext text/x-wiki #PUPINAH [[Alexander Rayek]] mg3n06lf6itj9b6gftj4i6ynbwrf0vq 1 33606 157832 2026-04-22T03:32:11Z Tinta Emas Historia Network 33174 Tinta Emas Historia Network geupinah laman [[Marit:Alexander Agông]] u [[Marit:Alexander Rayek]] 157832 wikitext text/x-wiki #PUPINAH [[Marit:Alexander Rayek]] m2t9fn8pnrqxeignlkileehsauz6rla 10 33607 157836 2026-04-22T03:46:03Z Tinta Emas Historia Network 33174 Geupeugöt laman ngön asoë '<noinclude>{{pp|small=yes}}</noinclude> {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Please place categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata (see [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]) --> {{High-use}} {{cascade-protected template}} {{notice|This page gives technical details for the {{tl|reflist}} template. For a full overview of this template in use, see [[Help:Footnotes]].}} {{Template shortcut|refs|rflist}} {{Template redirect|Reference|Reference l...' 157836 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{pp|small=yes}}</noinclude> {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Please place categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata (see [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]) --> {{High-use}} {{cascade-protected template}} {{notice|This page gives technical details for the {{tl|reflist}} template. For a full overview of this template in use, see [[Help:Footnotes]].}} {{Template shortcut|refs|rflist}} {{Template redirect|Reference|Reference list|Footnotes}} {{Lua|Module:Check for unknown parameters}} {{Uses TemplateStyles}} {{Transwiki guide |small=yes |text=See [[Template:Reflist/Transwiki guide|'''this information''']] on copying this template and modifying it for use on another wiki.}} This [[Wikipedia:Citation templates|citation template]] provides formatting and organizational features for [[Help:Footnotes|footnotes]]. It encapsulates the {{tag|references|s}} tag used by the {{cite.php}} MediaWiki extension to show the list of references as defined by {{tag|ref|o}} tags. It adds support for sizing the column width, groups and {{ldr}}. == Parameters == There are no ''required'' parameters; if none are supplied, a single-column list will be generated if there are fewer than 10 references in the list. If you have more than 10 references, it will use columns of 30 em wide if your device allows this. Optional parameters are: * Unnamed parameter (must be the first one if used): the minimum width for each column of references, typically in [[em (typography)#CSS|em]]s. Syntax (for example) {{para||30em}} with no space (i.e. not {{para||30 em}}). Note that this replaces '''colwidth'''—see [[#Obsolete parameters|§&nbsp;Obsolete parameters]]. * '''refs''': used with {{ldr}}. This parameter is not compatible with [[Wikipedia:VisualEditor|VisualEditor]], but the equivalent syntax using {{tag|references}} is. It is recommended to use {{tag|references}} instead for {{ldr}}. * '''group''': identifies by name the subset of references to be rendered; the value should correspond to that used inline, e.g., {{tlx|reflist|2=group=groupname}} renders all references with ''groupname'' as the group name ({{tag|ref|o|params=group="groupname"}}). There are five pre-defined group names that style the list differently. See [[#Grouped references|§ Grouped references]] below. * '''liststyle''': specifies the style used when the reference list is rendered. The default is a numbered list. When set, it will override the style set by the {{para|group}} parameter, without affecting group functionality. See [[#List styles|§ List styles]] below. {{anchor|Multiple uses}} == Usage == {{markup|title=Using only footnote-style references |<nowiki>Lorem ipsum.<ref>Source name, access date, etc.</ref> Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.<ref>Source name, access date, etc.</ref> == References == {{reflist}}</nowiki> |Lorem ipsum.<ref>Source name, access date, etc.</ref> Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.<ref>Source name, access date, etc.</ref> {{fake heading|sub=3|References}} {{reflist}} }} {{markup|title=Using only bibliographical style references (no direct references from the text) |<nowiki>Lorem ipsum. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet. == References == {{refbegin}} * reference 1 * reference 2 {{refend}}</nowiki> |Lorem ipsum. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet. {{fake heading|sub=3|References}} {{refbegin}} * reference 1 * reference 2 {{refend}} }} {{markup|title=Using both footnote-style and bibliography-style references |<nowiki>Lorem ipsum.<ref>Source name, access date, etc.</ref> Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.<ref>Source name, access date, etc.</ref> == References == {{reflist}} {{refbegin}} * reference 1 * reference 2 {{refend}}</nowiki> |Lorem ipsum.<ref>Source name, access date, etc.</ref> Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.<ref>Source name, access date, etc.</ref> {{fake heading|sub=3|References}} {{reflist}} {{refbegin}} * reference 1 * reference 2 {{refend}} }} === Columns === {{tlx|reflist|30em}} (for example) instructs the browser to create as many columns as possible (of width at least 30&nbsp;[[Em (typography)|em]], in this example) given the width of the display window. ([http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/syndata.html#length-units Units supported are em, ex, in, cm, mm, pt, pc, px], but em is almost always used.) There must not be a space between the number and the unit. Percent is not supported. Choose a width appropriate to the typical width of the references: * Automatic columns (default when no width is specified): Where there are only a few {{Fnote|lc=y}}; see, e.g., {{oldid|Silver State Arena|530211388#References|Silver State Arena (23:05, 28 December 2012)}} * 30em: Where there are many footnotes plus a page-width Bibliography subsection: see, e.g., {{oldid|Ebola virus disease|819923970#References|Ebola virus disease (02:02, 12 January 2018)}} * 20em: Where {{Sfnote|lc=y}} are used; see, e.g., {{oldid|NBR 224 and 420 Classes|442508215#Notes|NBR 224 and 420 Classes (13:32, 1 August 2011)}}. ==== Example ==== {{markup|title=15em wide columns (vary width of display window to see change in number of columns) |<nowiki>Lorem ipsum.<ref>Source name, access date, etc.</ref> Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.<ref>Source name, access date, etc.</ref> Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.<ref>Source name, access date, etc.</ref> Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.<ref>Source name, access date, etc.</ref> Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.<ref>Source name, access date, etc.</ref> == References == {{reflist|15em}}</nowiki> |Lorem ipsum.<ref>Source name, access date, etc.</ref> Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.<ref>Source name, access date, etc.</ref> Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.<ref>Source name, access date, etc.</ref> Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.<ref>Source name, access date, etc.</ref> Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.<ref>Source name, access date, etc.</ref> {{fake heading|sub=3|References}} {{reflist|15em}}<!-- note 15em used here for illustration purposes because larger value won't columnize in the "renders as" part on many screens --> }} The syntax {{tlx|reflist|2}} (for example), which specifies two columns of equal width ''regardless of the available display width'', is deprecated. When you use 1 the template produces a single column; using 2 will act as if you specified 30em; using higher column counts will act as if you specified 25em. === List-defined references === {{further|WP:LDR}} A list of references defined within {{tl|reflist}} using the {{para|refs}} parameter can be converted to use the {{tag|references}} container. This template's {{para|refs}} syntax is '''not compatible''' with the [[Wikipedia:VisualEditor|VisualEditor]], and {{tag|references}} should be used instead. === Grouped references === {{further|WP:REFGROUP}} References can be grouped into separate sections (for explanatory notes, table references, and the like) via <code>group=</code>: : {{tag|ref|open|params=group="<var>groupname</var>"}} where <var>groupname</var> is (for example) <code>notes</code> or <code>sources</code>. The group name need not be enclosed in quotes; this differs from the footnote marker where quotes are required if the group name includes a space. Each group used in the article must have a matching reference list: : {{tlx|Reflist|2=group=<var>groupname</var>}} ==== Predefined groups ==== {{further|H:PREGROUP}} There are predefined group names that automatically set the labels in the footnote markers and the reference list to other styles. Thus, setting <code><nowiki>{{reflist|group=lower-alpha}}</nowiki></code> will set the group to <code>lower-alpha</code> and will style the reference list with lower alpha characters. The matching footnote marker can be formed by {{tag|ref|params=group="lower-alpha"}}. This is made easier by a series of templates to set the group/label styles for the footnote marker and the reference list: {{#section:Help:Footnotes|pregrouptable}} === List styles === {{for|technical details|Help:Cite link labels}} As noted in [[#Predefined groups|§ Predefined groups]], there are predefined groups that automatically add list styling. Using the listed templates is more convenient than using {{para|liststyle}}. Reference lists are by default numbered lists. By using the {{para|liststyle}} parameter, you can control how the list is rendered. For example, using {{para|liststyle|upper-roman}} will result in references being labeled with [[Roman numerals]] instead of decimal numbers. The parameter accepts any valid CSS value defined for <code>list-style-type</code>. It is possible to use {{para|liststyle}} so that the labels for the footnote marker and the reference list marker differ. This should be used with care as it can be confusing to readers. For example: {{markup |1=<nowiki><ref group="note">Reference</ref> {{reflist|group=note|liststyle=lower-alpha}} </nowiki> |2=<ref group="note">Reference</ref> {{reflist|group=note|liststyle=lower-alpha}} }} === Interaction with images === {{reflist hide}} In the unusual case of an image being placed to the left of a reference list, layout problems may occur on some browsers. This can be prevented by using the columns feature. == Technical details == === Font size === The font size should reduce to 90% for almost all browsers, but may appear to show at 100% for very old browsers, such as early versions of Internet Explorer.<ref group="general" name="fontsize" /> As of December 21, 2010, the standard {{tag|references|single}} tag has the same font styling. The smaller font may be disabled through {{myprefs|Gadgets|{{int:gadget-NoSmallFonts}}}}. === Browser support for columns === {{CSS3 multiple column layout}} Multiple columns are generated by using [[Cascading Style Sheets|CSS]]. Almost all browsers should support the multi-column property and will show multiple columns with {{tl|reflist}}.<ref group="general" name="stuffandnonsense" /><ref group="general" name="w3org1" /><ref name="mdncols" group="general"/> These browsers '''support''' CSS columns: * [[Gecko (software)|Gecko]]-based browsers such as [[Mozilla Firefox]] * [[WebKit]] browsers such as [[Safari (web browser)|Safari]] * [[Blink (browser engine)|Blink]]-based browsers such as [[Microsoft Edge]], [[Opera (web browser)|Opera]], and [[Google Chrome]] * [[Internet Explorer]] from version 10 onward These browsers do '''not support''' CSS columns: * Microsoft [[MSHTML]]-based browsers including Internet Explorer up to version 9<ref group="general" name="msdn" /> * Very old [[Opera (web browser)|Opera]] through to version 11 === Widows and orphans === The use of columns can result in [[widows and orphans]], where a citation at the bottom of a column may be split to the top of the next column. [[MediaWiki:Common.css]] includes CSS rules to prevent list items from breaking between columns. Widows may still show in extreme circumstances, such as a reference list formatted in columns where only a single reference is defined. {{markup |<nowiki>Lorem ipsum.<ref>Source name, access date, etc.</ref> Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet. == References == {{reflist|10em}}</nowiki> |Lorem ipsum.<ref>Source name, access date, etc.</ref> Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet. {{fake heading|sub=3|References}} {{reflist|10em}} }} === Customizing the view === {{further|Help:Reference display customization}} By editing your CSS, the personal appearance of the reference list can be customized. From [[Special:Preferences|Preferences]], select the Appearance tab, then on the selected skin select Custom CSS. After editing and saving, follow the instructions at the top of the page to purge. See [[Wikipedia:Skin#Customisation (advanced users)]] for more help. '''Font size''' The font size for all reference lists defaults to 90% of the standard size. To change it, add: <syntaxhighlight lang="css"> ol.references, .mw-parser-output div.refbegin { font-size: 90%; } </syntaxhighlight> Change 90% to the desired size. '''Columns''' To disable columns, add: <syntaxhighlight lang="css"> .mw-references-columns, .references-column-width { column-width: auto !important; } </syntaxhighlight> To override the minimum width of columns, add: <syntaxhighlight lang="css"> .mw-references-columns, .references-column-width { column-width: 24em !important; } </syntaxhighlight> Change the "24em" as necessary for your environment. '''Column dividers''' To add dividers (rules) between columns, add: <syntaxhighlight lang="css"> .mw-references-columns, .references-column-width { column-rule: 1px solid #aaa; } </syntaxhighlight> You can alter the appearance of the dividers by changing the values. == Perennial suggestions == '''Collapsing and scrolling''' There have been a number of requests to add functionality for a collapsible or [[WP:SCROLLING|scrolling]] reference list. These requests have not been fulfilled due to issues with readability, accessibility, and printing. The applicable guidelines are at [[MOS:SCROLL]]. Links between the inline cite and the reference list do not work when the reference list is enclosed in a collapsed box. To display the reference list in a scrollbox or collapsed per user, see [[Help:Reference display customization]]. For discussion on previous attempts to do this with a template, see the discussions for [[Wikipedia:Templates for deletion/Log/2007 June 11#Template:Scrollref|Scrollref]] and [[Wikipedia:Templates for discussion/Log/2010 May 26#Template:Refbox|Refbox]]. '''Including the section title''' There have been suggestions to include section header markup such as <code>== References ==</code>. This is inadvisable because: * There is no standard section name {{crossreference|(see {{section link|WP:Manual of Style/Layout|Notes and references}})}}. * When transcluded, the article will have an edit link that will confusingly open the template for editing. == Obsolete parameters == These parameters are no longer in use: * '''colwidth''': Same as specifying a column-width for the first unnamed parameter. Replaced by width as unnamed first parameter. Articles using unsupported parameters are tracked in {{clc|Pages using reflist with unknown parameters}}. == Template data == {{TemplateData header}} <templatedata> { "description": "This template displays the list of footnotes at the end of an article and provides additional formatting and organizing options. After hitting \"Apply changes\" and turning back to VE read mode, you will not see the references list. After hitting \"Publish page\" and turning back to normal read mode the reference list will reappear with the changes applied, see T53146.", "params": { "1": { "label": "Column width", "type": "string", "required": false, "description": "Typographic unit of measurement such as 'em', specifying the width for the reference list columns, e.g. '33em'; spaced '33 em' will not be recognized. The syntax {{reflist|2}} (for example), which specifies two columns of equal width regardless of the available display width, is deprecated. When you use 1 the template produces a single column; using 2 will act as if you specified 30em; using higher column counts will act as if you specified 25em.", "default": " 1 if < 11 references; otherwise 30em", "aliases": [ "colwidth" ], "example": "33em" }, "liststyle": { "label": "Liststyle", "type": "string", "required": false, "description": "Specifies the style used when the reference list is enumerated; accepts any valid CSS value defined for list-style-type", "default": "decimal", "suggestedvalues": [ "lower-roman", "upper-roman", "lower-alpha", "upper-alpha", "lower-greek" ] }, "group": { "label": "Group", "type": "string", "required": false, "description": "Group is an identifier which restricts the references that are shown. Without this parameter, this template only shows references with no group identifier. With a group identifier specified, only references with a matching group identifier are handled. The rest are left alone." }, "refs": { "label": "List of references", "type": "string", "required": false, "description": "Provides a space to define named references for use in the article. References defined in this space are not shown unless used somewhere in the article. This parameter is not compatible with the VisualEditor; <references>...</references> should be used instead.", "deprecated": true } } } </templatedata> == Limitations == Do not use {{tl|reflist}} or other templates or modules that use '''<nowiki>{{#tag:references}}</nowiki>''' in numbered or unnumbered lists if the list is inside an [[Span and div|HTML div tag]]. See [[Template talk:Reflist#Limitations|the talk page]] ([https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Reflist&oldid=942930696 permalink]) for examples and details. : {{no mark}} {{em dash}} <nowiki>: {{reflist}}</nowiki> : {{no mark}} {{em dash}} <nowiki>* {{reflist}}</nowiki> : {{no mark}} {{em dash}} <nowiki># {{reflist}}</nowiki> : {{yes check}} {{em dash}} <nowiki>{{reflist}}</nowiki> == See also == * [[Wikipedia:Citing sources]]&nbsp;– style guide for the citation of sources * [[Wikipedia:Citation templates]]&nbsp;– templates for use with references * [[Help:Shortened footnotes]] * {{tl|notelist}} and {{tl|efn}}&nbsp;– templates for use with footnotes * {{tl|refbegin}} and {{tl|refend}}&nbsp;– format reference lists * {{phab|T53260}} – Support editing {{tag|references|s}} tags to set multi-column display on/off '''Variants''' * {{tl|template reference list}}&nbsp;– version of reflist for use in templates * {{tl|reflist-talk}} and {{tl|sources-talk}}&nbsp;– for use in talk page sections and other non-mainspace pages == References == {{reflist|group=general|refs= <ref group="general" name="fontsize">See [[User:Edokter/fonttest]] for a comparison of font sizes for various browsers; see [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ASearch&redirs=1&search=fonttest+prefix%3AMediaWiki+talk%3ACommon.css%2F&fulltext=Search&ns0=1 previous discussions] on changing the font size to resolve the IE issue.</ref> <ref group="general" name="stuffandnonsense">{{cite web |accessdate=November 24, 2006 |date=December 30, 2005 |title=CSS3 Multi-Column Thriller |url=http://www.stuffandnonsense.co.uk/archives/css3_multi-column_thriller.html}}</ref> <ref group="general" name="w3org1">{{cite web |url=http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-multicol/ |title=CSS3 module: Multi-column layout |publisher=[[World Wide Web Consortium|W3C]] |date=December 15, 2005 |accessdate=November 24, 2006}}</ref> <ref group="general" name="msdn">{{cite web |url=https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/cc351024(v=vs.85)#multi-column-layout |title=CSS Compatibility and Internet Explorer: Multi-column Layout |work=[[Microsoft Docs]] |publisher=[[Microsoft Developer Network]] |access-date=2021-03-19}}</ref> <ref name="mdncols" group="general">{{cite web |title=columns - CSS: Cascading Style Sheets {{!}} MDN |url=https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/columns |website=[[MDN Web Docs]] |access-date=6 February 2024 |date=21 June 2023}}</ref> }} {{Wikipedia referencing}} {{Wikipedia templates}} {{Wikipedia technical help}} <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Footnote templates]] [[Category:Reference list templates]] [[Category:Templates that add a tracking category]] }}</includeonly> l66ec8ip77m5vfgzz9mbzu20sx1svk5 10 33608 157838 2026-04-22T03:49:19Z Tinta Emas Historia Network 33174 Geupeugöt laman ngön asoë '{{#invoke:Time ago|main}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Categories go in the /doc subpage and interwikis go in Wikidata. --> </noinclude>' 157838 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:Time ago|main}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Categories go in the /doc subpage and interwikis go in Wikidata. --> </noinclude> mzprrwbd409g2cer41ys035v9oay1od 10 33609 157839 2026-04-22T03:50:03Z Tinta Emas Historia Network 33174 Geupeugöt laman ngön asoë '{{Documentation subpage}} {{high-use|119878}} {{lua|Module:Time ago}} <!-- Categories go at the bottom of this page and interwikis go in Wikidata. --> The '''Time ago''' template calculates the amount of time which has passed since a provided timestamp. The result is a string similar to one of the examples below. This template ''should not'' be used with "subst" unless you don't want the stamp to change as the user refreshes the page. Note that due to Wik...' 157839 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{high-use|119878}} {{lua|Module:Time ago}} <!-- Categories go at the bottom of this page and interwikis go in Wikidata. --> The '''Time ago''' template calculates the amount of time which has passed since a provided timestamp. The result is a string similar to one of the examples below. This template ''should not'' be used with "subst" unless you don't want the stamp to change as the user refreshes the page. Note that due to Wikipedia's caching mechanisms, you may need to [[WP:PURGE|purge]] a page using this template to update the dynamic value. See the section [[#Purge|Purge]] below. The result is rounded down. "Month" is defined as 31 days. == Usage == * <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>'''Time ago'''|''timestamp''<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> The timestamp can be almost any solid, readable format but to avoid ambiguity mistakes, one of the styles below is preferred. * <code>magnitude</code> parameter can be set to explicitly use certain unit. Allowed values are: <code>seconds</code>, <code>minutes</code>, <code>hours</code>, <code>days</code>, <code>weeks</code>, <code>months</code> and <code>years</code>. * <code>min_magnitude</code> parameter can be set to use the specified unit or bigger units. Allowed values are: <code>seconds</code>, <code>minutes</code>, <code>hours</code>, <code>days</code>, <code>months</code> and <code>years</code>. * <code>ago</code> parameter can be set to override the default usage of the text "<code>ago</code>". If the parameter is blank but not missing (i.e. <code><nowiki>{{time ago|2008|ago=}}</nowiki></code>), then the text "ago" is suppressed altogether. For future dates, setting "ago" as blank but not missing will suppress the text "time" (i.e. "2 years" instead of "2 years' time"). === Spelling out numbers === Numbers from 1 to 100 can be spelled out in their equivalent English word by using the <code>spellout</code> parameter. If <code>spellout</code> is set to "yes", "y", "true" or "1", all numbers from 1 to 100 will be spelled out. If <code>spellout</code> is set to "auto", only numbers from 1 to 9 will be spelled out, as per the recommendations at [[MOS:NUMERAL]]. It is also possible to set a custom maximum value for spelling out by using the <code>spelloutmax</code> parameter. For example, setting {{para|spellout|yes}} and {{para|spelloutmax|24}} will result in all numbers less than or equal to 24 being spelled out, and all numbers greater than 24 appearing as numerals. === Numeric output === Add {{para|numeric|y}} to print the number only (no text). === Purge link === Add the parameter {{para|purge|yes}} to add a [[WP:PURGE|purge]] link. == Examples == * {{tlc|Time ago| -83 minutes}} → '''{{Time ago|-83 minutes}}''' * {{tlc|Time ago| -334 minutes}} → '''{{Time ago|-334 minutes}}''' * {{tlc|Time ago| +334 minutes}} → '''{{Time ago|+334 minutes}}''' * {{tlc|Time ago| -334 minutes|3=ago=}} → '''{{Time ago|-334 minutes|ago=}}''' * {{tlc|Time ago|1901}} → '''{{Time ago|1901}}''' * {{tlc|Time ago|<nowiki>{{REVISIONTIMESTAMP}}</nowiki>}} → '''{{Time ago|{{REVISIONTIMESTAMP}}}}''' * {{tlc|Time ago| Jan 21, 2001 3:45 PM}} → '''{{Time ago|Jan 21 2001 3:45 PM}}''' * ''Wrong:'' {{tlc|Time ago| 3:45 pm, 21 Jan 2001}} → '''{{Time ago|3:45 pm, 21 Jan 2001}}''' * {{tlc|Time ago|20010121154500}} → '''{{Time ago|20010121154500}}''' * {{tlc|Time ago| Nov 6 2008}} → '''{{Time ago|Nov 6 2008}}''' * {{tlc|Time ago| Nov 6 2008|3=magnitude=weeks}} → '''{{Time ago| Nov 6 2008|magnitude=weeks}}''' * {{tlc|Time ago| Nov 6 2008|3=min_magnitude=days}} → '''{{Time ago|Nov 6 2008|min_magnitude=days}}''' * {{tlc|Time ago| Nov 6 2008|3=min_magnitude=years}} → '''{{Time ago|Nov 6 2008|min_magnitude=years}}''' * {{tlc|Time ago| Nov 6 2008|3=ago=in the past}} → '''{{Time ago|Nov 6 2008|ago=in the past}}''' * {{tlc|Time ago| Nov 6 2008|3=purge=yes}} → '''{{Time ago|Nov 6 2008|purge=yes}}''' * {{tlc|Time ago| 2008-11-06}} → '''{{Time ago|2008-11-06}}''' * <code><nowiki>{{Time ago| June 1, 2009|spellout=yes}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; '''{{time ago|June 1, 2009|spellout=yes}}''' * <code><nowiki>{{Time ago| June 1, 1999|spellout=yes}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; '''{{time ago|June 1, 1999|spellout=yes}}''' * <code><nowiki>{{Time ago| June 1, 2009|spellout=auto}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; '''{{time ago|June 1, 2009|spellout=auto}}''' * <code><nowiki>{{Time ago| June 1, 1999|spellout=auto}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; '''{{time ago|June 1, 1999|spellout=auto}}''' * <code><nowiki>{{Time ago| June 1, 1989|spellout=yes|spelloutmax=15}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; '''{{time ago|June 1, 1989|spellout=yes|spelloutmax=15}}''' * <code><nowiki>{{Time ago| June 1, 1989|spellout=yes|spelloutmax=25}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; '''{{time ago|June 1, 1989|spellout=yes|spelloutmax=25}}''' * {{tlc|Time ago|195909}} → '''{{Time ago|195909}}''' * ''Wrong:'' {{tlc|Time ago|196009}} → '''{{Time ago|196009}}''' == TemplateData == {{TemplateDataHeader}} <templatedata> { "description": "This template calculates the amount of time which has passed since a provided timestamp.", "params": { "1": { "label": "Timestamp", "description": "Base timestamp for calculation of passed time. Example format: Nov 6 2008, see template documentation for other supported formats.", "type": "string", "required": true }, "magnitude": { "label": "magnitude", "description": "Explicitly sets a specific unit to display return value. Allowed values are: seconds, minutes, hours, days, weeks, months and years.", "type": "string", "required": false }, "min_magnitude": { "label": "min_magnitude", "description": "Sets a minimum unit to display return value. Allowed values are: seconds, minutes, hours, days, months and years.", "type": "string", "required": false }, "ago": { "label": "ago", "description": "Override the default usage of the text 'ago'. If it is blank but not missing then 'ago' will be removed completely; for future dates, this will remove the text 'time' as well.", "type": "string", "required": false }, "purge": { "label": "Purge link", "description": "Add the parameter purge=yes to add a WP:PURGE link.", "type": "string", "required": false }, "spellout": { "type": "string/line", "label": "Spell out numbers", "description": "If set to \"yes\", \"y\", \"true\" or \"1\", numbers from 1 to 100 are spelled out as English words. If set to \"auto\", numbers from 1 to 9 are spelled out." }, "spelloutmax": { "type": "number", "label": "Spell out max", "description": "The maximum number to be spelled out as an English word." } } } </templatedata> == See also == * {{tl|Last edited by}} * {{tl|Years or months ago}} * {{tl|Age}} * {{tl|Start date and age}} * {{tl|Birth date and age}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- Categories go here and interwikis go in Wikidata --> [[Category:Mathematical time and date function templates]] [[Category:Date-computing templates based on current time]] }}</includeonly> fpk86y77hkzu6m6qnj3v3sx0phebg0k 157842 157839 2026-04-22T04:05:18Z Tinta Emas Historia Network 33174 157842 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{high-use|119878}} {{lua|Module:Time ago}} <!-- Categories go at the bottom of this page and interwikis go in Wikidata. --> The '''Time ago''' template calculates the amount of time which has passed since a provided timestamp. The result is a string similar to one of the examples below. This template ''should not'' be used with "subst" unless you don't want the stamp to change as the user refreshes the page. Note that due to Wikipedia's caching mechanisms, you may need to [[WP:PURGE|purge]] a page using this template to update the dynamic value. See the section [[#Purge|Purge]] below. The result is rounded down. "Month" is defined as 31 days. == Usage == * <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>'''Time ago'''|''timestamp''<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> The timestamp can be almost any solid, readable format but to avoid ambiguity mistakes, one of the styles below is preferred. * <code>magnitude</code> parameter can be set to explicitly use certain unit. Allowed values are: <code>seconds</code>, <code>minutes</code>, <code>hours</code>, <code>days</code>, <code>weeks</code>, <code>months</code> and <code>years</code>. * <code>min_magnitude</code> parameter can be set to use the specified unit or bigger units. Allowed values are: <code>deték</code>, <code>minèt</code>, <code>jeuëm</code>, <code>uroë</code>, <code>buleuën</code> and <code>thôn</code>. * <code>nyang ka lheuëh</code> parameter can be set to override the default usage of the text "<code>ago</code>". If the parameter is blank but not missing (i.e. <code><nowiki>{{time ago|2008|ago=}}</nowiki></code>), then the text "ago" is suppressed altogether. For future dates, setting "ago" as blank but not missing will suppress the text "time" (i.e. "2 years" instead of "2 years' time"). === Spelling out numbers === Numbers from 1 to 100 can be spelled out in their equivalent English word by using the <code>spellout</code> parameter. If <code>spellout</code> is set to "yes", "y", "true" or "1", all numbers from 1 to 100 will be spelled out. If <code>spellout</code> is set to "auto", only numbers from 1 to 9 will be spelled out, as per the recommendations at [[MOS:NUMERAL]]. It is also possible to set a custom maximum value for spelling out by using the <code>spelloutmax</code> parameter. For example, setting {{para|spellout|yes}} and {{para|spelloutmax|24}} will result in all numbers less than or equal to 24 being spelled out, and all numbers greater than 24 appearing as numerals. === Numeric output === Add {{para|numeric|y}} to print the number only (no text). === Purge link === Add the parameter {{para|purge|yes}} to add a [[WP:PURGE|purge]] link. == Examples == * {{tlc|Time ago| -83 minutes}} → '''{{Time ago|-83 minutes}}''' * {{tlc|Time ago| -334 minutes}} → '''{{Time ago|-334 minutes}}''' * {{tlc|Time ago| +334 minutes}} → '''{{Time ago|+334 minutes}}''' * {{tlc|Time ago| -334 minutes|3=ago=}} → '''{{Time ago|-334 minutes|ago=}}''' * {{tlc|Time ago|1901}} → '''{{Time ago|1901}}''' * {{tlc|Time ago|<nowiki>{{REVISIONTIMESTAMP}}</nowiki>}} → '''{{Time ago|{{REVISIONTIMESTAMP}}}}''' * {{tlc|Time ago| Jan 21, 2001 3:45 PM}} → '''{{Time ago|Jan 21 2001 3:45 PM}}''' * ''Wrong:'' {{tlc|Time ago| 3:45 pm, 21 Jan 2001}} → '''{{Time ago|3:45 pm, 21 Jan 2001}}''' * {{tlc|Time ago|20010121154500}} → '''{{Time ago|20010121154500}}''' * {{tlc|Time ago| Nov 6 2008}} → '''{{Time ago|Nov 6 2008}}''' * {{tlc|Time ago| Nov 6 2008|3=magnitude=weeks}} → '''{{Time ago| Nov 6 2008|magnitude=weeks}}''' * {{tlc|Time ago| Nov 6 2008|3=min_magnitude=days}} → '''{{Time ago|Nov 6 2008|min_magnitude=days}}''' * {{tlc|Time ago| Nov 6 2008|3=min_magnitude=years}} → '''{{Time ago|Nov 6 2008|min_magnitude=years}}''' * {{tlc|Time ago| Nov 6 2008|3=ago=in the past}} → '''{{Time ago|Nov 6 2008|ago=in the past}}''' * {{tlc|Time ago| Nov 6 2008|3=purge=yes}} → '''{{Time ago|Nov 6 2008|purge=yes}}''' * {{tlc|Time ago| 2008-11-06}} → '''{{Time ago|2008-11-06}}''' * <code><nowiki>{{Time ago| June 1, 2009|spellout=yes}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; '''{{time ago|June 1, 2009|spellout=yes}}''' * <code><nowiki>{{Time ago| June 1, 1999|spellout=yes}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; '''{{time ago|June 1, 1999|spellout=yes}}''' * <code><nowiki>{{Time ago| June 1, 2009|spellout=auto}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; '''{{time ago|June 1, 2009|spellout=auto}}''' * <code><nowiki>{{Time ago| June 1, 1999|spellout=auto}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; '''{{time ago|June 1, 1999|spellout=auto}}''' * <code><nowiki>{{Time ago| June 1, 1989|spellout=yes|spelloutmax=15}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; '''{{time ago|June 1, 1989|spellout=yes|spelloutmax=15}}''' * <code><nowiki>{{Time ago| June 1, 1989|spellout=yes|spelloutmax=25}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; '''{{time ago|June 1, 1989|spellout=yes|spelloutmax=25}}''' * {{tlc|Time ago|195909}} → '''{{Time ago|195909}}''' * ''Wrong:'' {{tlc|Time ago|196009}} → '''{{Time ago|196009}}''' == TemplateData == {{TemplateDataHeader}} <templatedata> { "description": "This template calculates the amount of time which has passed since a provided timestamp.", "params": { "1": { "label": "Timestamp", "description": "Base timestamp for calculation of passed time. Example format: Nov 6 2008, see template documentation for other supported formats.", "type": "string", "required": true }, "magnitude": { "label": "magnitude", "description": "Explicitly sets a specific unit to display return value. Allowed values are: seconds, minutes, hours, days, weeks, months and years.", "type": "string", "required": false }, "min_magnitude": { "label": "min_magnitude", "description": "Sets a minimum unit to display return value. Allowed values are: seconds, minutes, hours, days, months and years.", "type": "string", "required": false }, "ago": { "label": "ago", "description": "Override the default usage of the text 'ago'. If it is blank but not missing then 'ago' will be removed completely; for future dates, this will remove the text 'time' as well.", "type": "string", "required": false }, "purge": { "label": "Purge link", "description": "Add the parameter purge=yes to add a WP:PURGE link.", "type": "string", "required": false }, "spellout": { "type": "string/line", "label": "Spell out numbers", "description": "If set to \"yes\", \"y\", \"true\" or \"1\", numbers from 1 to 100 are spelled out as English words. If set to \"auto\", numbers from 1 to 9 are spelled out." }, "spelloutmax": { "type": "number", "label": "Spell out max", "description": "The maximum number to be spelled out as an English word." } } } </templatedata> == See also == * {{tl|Last edited by}} * {{tl|Years or months ago}} * {{tl|Age}} * {{tl|Start date and age}} * {{tl|Birth date and age}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- Categories go here and interwikis go in Wikidata --> [[Category:Mathematical time and date function templates]] [[Category:Date-computing templates based on current time]] }}</includeonly> nty0d8ayw7chrktxppl0t6tr0scwx3n 828 33610 157840 2026-04-22T03:54:56Z Tinta Emas Historia Network 33174 Geupeugöt laman ngön asoë '-- Implement [[Template:Time ago]] local numberSpell, yesno -- lazy load function numberSpell(arg) numberSpell = require('Module:NumberSpell')._main return numberSpell(arg) end function yesno(arg) yesno = require('Module:Yesno') return yesno(arg) end local p = {} -- Table to convert entered text values to numeric values. local timeText = { ['seconds'] = 1, ['minutes'] = 60, ['hours'] = 3600, ['days'] = 86400, ['weeks'] = 604800, ['months'] = 26...' 157840 Scribunto text/plain -- Implement [[Template:Time ago]] local numberSpell, yesno -- lazy load function numberSpell(arg) numberSpell = require('Module:NumberSpell')._main return numberSpell(arg) end function yesno(arg) yesno = require('Module:Yesno') return yesno(arg) end local p = {} -- Table to convert entered text values to numeric values. local timeText = { ['seconds'] = 1, ['minutes'] = 60, ['hours'] = 3600, ['days'] = 86400, ['weeks'] = 604800, ['months'] = 2629800, -- 365.25 * 24 * 60 * 60 / 12 ['years'] = 31557600 } -- Table containing tables of possible units to use in output. local timeUnits = { [1] = { 'second', 'seconds', "second's", "seconds'" }, [60] = { 'minute', 'minutes', "minutes'", "minutes'" }, [3600] = { 'hour', 'hours', "hour's", "hours'" }, [86400] = { 'day', 'days', "day's", "days'" }, [604800] = { 'week', 'weeks', "week's", "weeks'", unit = 'w' }, [2629800] = { 'month', 'months', "month's", "months'", unit = 'm' }, [31557600] = { 'year', 'years', "year's", "years'", unit = 'y' } } function p._main( args ) -- Initialize variables local lang = mw.language.getContentLanguage() local auto_magnitude_num local min_magnitude_num local magnitude = args.magnitude local min_magnitude = args.min_magnitude local purge = args.purge -- Add a purge link if something (usually "yes") is entered into the purge parameter if purge then purge = ' <span class="plainlinks">([' .. mw.title.getCurrentTitle():fullUrl('action=purge') .. ' purge])</span>' else purge = '' end -- Check that the entered timestamp is valid. If it isn't, then give an error message. local success, inputTime = pcall( lang.formatDate, lang, 'xnU', args[1] ) if not success then return '<strong class="error">Error: first parameter cannot be parsed as a date or time.</strong>' end -- Store the difference between the current time and the inputted time, as well as its absolute value. local timeDiff = lang:formatDate( 'xnU' ) - inputTime local absTimeDiff = math.abs( timeDiff ) if magnitude then auto_magnitude_num = 0 min_magnitude_num = timeText[magnitude] else -- Calculate the appropriate unit of time if it was not specified as an argument. local autoMagnitudeData = { { factor = 2, amn = 31557600 }, { factor = 2, amn = 2629800 }, { factor = 2, amn = 86400 }, { factor = 2, amn = 3600 }, { factor = 2, amn = 60 } } for _, t in ipairs( autoMagnitudeData ) do if absTimeDiff / t.amn >= t.factor then auto_magnitude_num = t.amn break end end auto_magnitude_num = auto_magnitude_num or 1 if min_magnitude then min_magnitude_num = timeText[min_magnitude] else min_magnitude_num = -1 end end if not min_magnitude_num then -- Default to seconds if an invalid magnitude is entered. min_magnitude_num = 1 end local result_num local magnitude_num = math.max( min_magnitude_num, auto_magnitude_num ) local unit = timeUnits[magnitude_num].unit if unit and absTimeDiff >= 864000 then local Date = require('Module:Date')._Date local input = lang:formatDate('Y-m-d H:i:s', args[1]) -- Date needs a clean date input = Date(input) if input then local id if input.hour == 0 and input.minute == 0 then id = 'currentdate' else id = 'currentdatetime' end result_num = (Date(id) - input):age(unit) end end result_num = result_num or math.floor ( absTimeDiff / magnitude_num ) local punctuation_key, suffix if timeDiff >= 0 then -- Past if result_num == 1 then punctuation_key = 1 else punctuation_key = 2 end if args.ago == '' then suffix = '' else suffix = ' ' .. (args.ago or 'ago') end else -- Future if args.ago == '' then suffix = '' if result_num == 1 then punctuation_key = 1 else punctuation_key = 2 end else suffix = ' time' if result_num == 1 then punctuation_key = 3 else punctuation_key = 4 end end end local result_unit = timeUnits[ magnitude_num ][ punctuation_key ] -- Convert numerals to words if appropriate. local spell_out = args.spellout local spell_out_max = tonumber(args.spelloutmax) local result_num_text if spell_out and ( ( spell_out == 'auto' and 1 <= result_num and result_num <= 9 and result_num <= ( spell_out_max or 9 ) ) or ( yesno( spell_out ) and 1 <= result_num and result_num <= 100 and result_num <= ( spell_out_max or 100 ) ) ) then result_num_text = numberSpell( result_num ) else result_num_text = tostring( result_num ) end -- numeric or string local numeric_out = args.numeric local result = "" if numeric_out then result = tostring( result_num ) else result = result_num_text .. ' ' .. result_unit .. suffix -- Spaces for suffix have been added in earlier. end return result .. purge end function p.main( frame ) local args = require( 'Module:Arguments' ).getArgs( frame, { valueFunc = function( k, v ) if v then v = v:match( '^%s*(.-)%s*$' ) -- Trim whitespace. if k == 'ago' or v ~= '' then return v end end return nil end, wrappers = 'Template:Time ago' }) return p._main( args ) end return p owi7m6sdgrso49bzrq9mha9ire8l3cs 157843 157840 2026-04-22T04:13:56Z Tinta Emas Historia Network 33174 157843 Scribunto text/plain -- Implement [[Template:Time ago]] local numberSpell, yesno -- lazy load function numberSpell(arg) numberSpell = require('Module:NumberSpell')._main return numberSpell(arg) end function yesno(arg) yesno = require('Module:Yesno') return yesno(arg) end local p = {} -- Table to convert entered text values to numeric values. local timeText = { ['ditek'] = 1, ['minet'] = 60, ['minet'] = 3600, ['uroe'] = 86400, ['minggu'] = 604800, ['buleuen'] = 2629800, -- 365.25 * 24 * 60 * 60 / 12 ['thon'] = 31557600 } -- Table containing tables of possible units to use in output. local timeUnits = { [1] = { 'second', 'seconds', "second's", "seconds'" }, [60] = { 'minute', 'minutes', "minutes'", "minutes'" }, [3600] = { 'hour', 'hours', "hour's", "hours'" }, [86400] = { 'day', 'days', "day's", "days'" }, [604800] = { 'week', 'weeks', "week's", "weeks'", unit = 'w' }, [2629800] = { 'month', 'months', "month's", "months'", unit = 'm' }, [31557600] = { 'year', 'years', "year's", "years'", unit = 'y' } } function p._main( args ) -- Initialize variables local lang = mw.language.getContentLanguage() local auto_magnitude_num local min_magnitude_num local magnitude = args.magnitude local min_magnitude = args.min_magnitude local purge = args.purge -- Add a purge link if something (usually "yes") is entered into the purge parameter if purge then purge = ' <span class="plainlinks">([' .. mw.title.getCurrentTitle():fullUrl('action=purge') .. ' purge])</span>' else purge = '' end -- Check that the entered timestamp is valid. If it isn't, then give an error message. local success, inputTime = pcall( lang.formatDate, lang, 'xnU', args[1] ) if not success then return '<strong class="error">Error: first parameter cannot be parsed as a date or time.</strong>' end -- Store the difference between the current time and the inputted time, as well as its absolute value. local timeDiff = lang:formatDate( 'xnU' ) - inputTime local absTimeDiff = math.abs( timeDiff ) if magnitude then auto_magnitude_num = 0 min_magnitude_num = timeText[magnitude] else -- Calculate the appropriate unit of time if it was not specified as an argument. local autoMagnitudeData = { { factor = 2, amn = 31557600 }, { factor = 2, amn = 2629800 }, { factor = 2, amn = 86400 }, { factor = 2, amn = 3600 }, { factor = 2, amn = 60 } } for _, t in ipairs( autoMagnitudeData ) do if absTimeDiff / t.amn >= t.factor then auto_magnitude_num = t.amn break end end auto_magnitude_num = auto_magnitude_num or 1 if min_magnitude then min_magnitude_num = timeText[min_magnitude] else min_magnitude_num = -1 end end if not min_magnitude_num then -- Default to seconds if an invalid magnitude is entered. min_magnitude_num = 1 end local result_num local magnitude_num = math.max( min_magnitude_num, auto_magnitude_num ) local unit = timeUnits[magnitude_num].unit if unit and absTimeDiff >= 864000 then local Date = require('Module:Date')._Date local input = lang:formatDate('Y-m-d H:i:s', args[1]) -- Date needs a clean date input = Date(input) if input then local id if input.hour == 0 and input.minute == 0 then id = 'currentdate' else id = 'currentdatetime' end result_num = (Date(id) - input):age(unit) end end result_num = result_num or math.floor ( absTimeDiff / magnitude_num ) local punctuation_key, suffix if timeDiff >= 0 then -- Past if result_num == 1 then punctuation_key = 1 else punctuation_key = 2 end if args.ago == '' then suffix = '' else suffix = ' ' .. (args.ago or 'ago') end else -- Future if args.ago == '' then suffix = '' if result_num == 1 then punctuation_key = 1 else punctuation_key = 2 end else suffix = ' time' if result_num == 1 then punctuation_key = 3 else punctuation_key = 4 end end end local result_unit = timeUnits[ magnitude_num ][ punctuation_key ] -- Convert numerals to words if appropriate. local spell_out = args.spellout local spell_out_max = tonumber(args.spelloutmax) local result_num_text if spell_out and ( ( spell_out == 'auto' and 1 <= result_num and result_num <= 9 and result_num <= ( spell_out_max or 9 ) ) or ( yesno( spell_out ) and 1 <= result_num and result_num <= 100 and result_num <= ( spell_out_max or 100 ) ) ) then result_num_text = numberSpell( result_num ) else result_num_text = tostring( result_num ) end -- numeric or string local numeric_out = args.numeric local result = "" if numeric_out then result = tostring( result_num ) else result = result_num_text .. ' ' .. result_unit .. suffix -- Spaces for suffix have been added in earlier. end return result .. purge end function p.main( frame ) local args = require( 'Module:Arguments' ).getArgs( frame, { valueFunc = function( k, v ) if v then v = v:match( '^%s*(.-)%s*$' ) -- Trim whitespace. if k == 'nyang ka lheueh' or v ~= '' then return v end end return nil end, wrappers = 'Template:Time ago' }) return p._main( args ) end return p pf7t9640qwqcpv4nwho9cheqxgazv7o 828 33611 157841 2026-04-22T03:55:39Z Tinta Emas Historia Network 33174 Geupeugöt laman ngön asoë '{{module rating|protected}} {{high-risk|115733}} The module “{{BASEPAGENAME}}” implements {{tl|Time ago}}. See the template's page for documentation. Test cases can be found at [[Template:Time ago/testcases]].' 157841 wikitext text/x-wiki {{module rating|protected}} {{high-risk|115733}} The module “{{BASEPAGENAME}}” implements {{tl|Time ago}}. See the template's page for documentation. Test cases can be found at [[Template:Time ago/testcases]]. 1j0vnv56a4tg67x7v7bp9xbdefp09bq 10 33612 157844 2026-04-22T04:24:27Z Tinta Emas Historia Network 33174 Geupeugöt laman ngön asoë '<includeonly>{{#ifexpr:{{#if:{{{2|}}}|1|0}}=0 or abs( ({{{4|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}+{{{3|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}*12) - ({{{2|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}+{{{1|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}*12)) >= 12 |<!-- in years -->{{#expr:floor(abs( ( ({{{4|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}+{{{3|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}*12) - ({{{2|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}+{{{1|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}*12) ) / 12 ))}}&nbsp;{{#ifexpr:({{{4|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}+{{{3|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}*12) - ({{{2|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}+{{{1|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}*12) < 0 |<...' 157844 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#ifexpr:{{#if:{{{2|}}}|1|0}}=0 or abs( ({{{4|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}+{{{3|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}*12) - ({{{2|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}+{{{1|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}*12)) >= 12 |<!-- in years -->{{#expr:floor(abs( ( ({{{4|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}+{{{3|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}*12) - ({{{2|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}+{{{1|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}*12) ) / 12 ))}}&nbsp;{{#ifexpr:({{{4|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}+{{{3|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}*12) - ({{{2|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}+{{{1|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}*12) < 0 |<!-- future -->{{#ifexpr:floor( ( ({{{4|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}+{{{3|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}*12) - ({{{2|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}+{{{1|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}*12) ) / 12 ) = -1|thôn|thôn}} |<!-- past/current -->{{#ifexpr:floor( ( ({{{4|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}+{{{3|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}*12) - ({{{2|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}+{{{1|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}*12) ) / 12 ) = 1|thôn|thôn}} }} |<!-- in months -->{{#expr:abs( ({{{4|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}+{{{3|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}*12) - ({{{2|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}+{{{1|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}*12) )}}&nbsp;{{#ifexpr:({{{4|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}+{{{3|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}*12) - ({{{2|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}+{{{1|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}*12) < 0 |<!-- future -->{{#ifexpr: ({{{4|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}+{{{3|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}*12) - ({{{2|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}+{{{1|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}*12) = -1|buleuën|buleuën}} |<!-- past/current -->{{#ifexpr: ({{{4|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}+{{{3|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}*12) - ({{{2|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}+{{{1|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}*12) = 1|buleuën|buleuën}} }} }} {{#ifexpr:({{{4|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}+{{{3|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}*12) - ({{{2|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}}+{{{1|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}*12) < 0|ukeuë|nyang ka lheuëh}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> jep4kwla0se1fccfblls5iaayj9yy0b 10 33613 157845 2026-04-22T06:04:28Z Tinta Emas Historia Network 33174 Geupeugöt laman ngön asoë '<includeonly>{{#invoke:Uses TemplateStyles|main}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{documentation}} <!-- Categories go on the /doc subpage and interwikis go on Wikidata. --> </noinclude>' 157845 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:Uses TemplateStyles|main}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{documentation}} <!-- Categories go on the /doc subpage and interwikis go on Wikidata. --> </noinclude> bbov914irrnmmvc6pz3scgivkjsu4ve 10 33614 157846 2026-04-22T06:05:02Z Tinta Emas Historia Network 33174 Geupeugöt laman ngön asoë '{{Documentation subpage}} {{Template shortcut|TemplateStyles}} {{Lua{{\sandbox}}|Module:Uses TemplateStyles}} <!-- Categories go at the bottom of this page, and interwikis go on Wikidata. --> This template is used to show that templates have been converted to use [[WP:TemplateStyles|TemplateStyles]]. It is placed at the top of the template's /doc page. It automatically adds the template to :Category:{{#invoke:Data|Module:Uses TemplateStyles/config|default_c...' 157846 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{Template shortcut|TemplateStyles}} {{Lua{{\sandbox}}|Module:Uses TemplateStyles}} <!-- Categories go at the bottom of this page, and interwikis go on Wikidata. --> This template is used to show that templates have been converted to use [[WP:TemplateStyles|TemplateStyles]]. It is placed at the top of the template's /doc page. It automatically adds the template to [[:Category:{{#invoke:Data|Module:Uses TemplateStyles/config|default_category}}]], or to one of its subcategories. The syntax for ''actually'' doing a TemplateStyles is, of course: <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline><templatestyles src="" /></syntaxhighlight> (with the page name in the quotation marks). == Usage == ; Basic : <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{Uses TemplateStyles|TemplateStyles page name}}</syntaxhighlight> ; All parameters : <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{Uses TemplateStyles|TemplateStyles page 1|TemplateStyles page 2|TemplateStyles page 3|...|category=custom category|nocat=true}}</syntaxhighlight> The first TemplateStyles page name is required. ===TemplateStyles sandboxes=== Note that if a sandbox version of the TemplateStyle exists, it will also be linked. This is only for sandbox versions. The subpage name of the sandbox version should be the same, but as a subpage of the templates sandbox. For example, if the TemplateStyles page name is <code>Template:Foo/styles.css</code>, then the sandbox version should be <code>Template:Foo/sandbox/styles.css</code> == Examples == ===One style page=== <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{Uses TemplateStyles|Template:Arrowlist/styles.css}}</syntaxhighlight> {{Uses TemplateStyles{{\sandbox}}|Template:Arrowlist/styles.css|nocat=true}} {{clear}} ===Multiple style pages=== <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{Uses TemplateStyles|Template:Arrowlist/styles.css|Template:Routemap/styles.css}}</syntaxhighlight> {{Uses TemplateStyles{{\sandbox}}|Template:Arrowlist/styles.css|Template:Routemap/styles.css|nocat=true}} {{clear}} ===Sandbox version of style page exists=== <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{Uses TemplateStyles|Template:Uses TemplateStyles/styles.css}}</syntaxhighlight> {{Uses TemplateStyles{{\sandbox}}|Template:Uses TemplateStyles/styles.css|nocat=true}} {{clear}} ===No style pages specified=== <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{Uses TemplateStyles}}</syntaxhighlight> {{Uses TemplateStyles{{\sandbox}}|nocat=true}} {{clear}} == Categories == ===Template category=== This template adds pages to [[:Category:{{#invoke:Data|Module:Uses TemplateStyles/config|default_category}}]] if the page is in the template namespace, and it is not on any of the subpages /doc, /sandbox, /sandbox2 or /testcases. You can specify a different category with the {{para|category}} parameter, e.g. {{para|category|Uses list TemplateStyles}}. ===Error category=== If no modules are specified, the transcluded page will be added to [[:Category:{{#invoke:Data|Module:Uses TemplateStyles/config|error_category}}]]. ===Protection level category=== TemplateStyles should have the same protection level as the template they are used on. If a difference is detected, the transcluded page will be added to [[:Category:{{#invoke:Data|Module:Uses TemplateStyles/config|protection_conflict_category}}]]. === Category suppression === To suppress all categories, use {{para|nocat|true}}. (As well as "true", the values "yes", "y", and "1" will also work.) == TemplateData == {{TemplateData header}} {{#invoke:TNT|doc|Uses TemplateStyles}} == See also == * [[Wikipedia:TemplateStyles]] * {{Template link|Lua}} * {{Template link|Uses Wikidata}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- Categories go here, and interwikis go on Wikidata. --> [[Category:Template namespace templates]] [[Category:Variadic templates]] }}</includeonly> r4leyhpkgl8p23fpdpkzh1s27sfsstc 10 33615 157847 2026-04-22T06:09:37Z Tinta Emas Historia Network 33174 Geupeugöt laman ngön asoë '{{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = Aceh | flag alias = Flag of Aceh, Indonesia.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} <noinclude> | related1 = Aceh Sultanate | related2 = Free Aceh Movement </noinclude> }}<noinclude> </noinclude>' 157847 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = Aceh | flag alias = Flag of Aceh, Indonesia.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} <noinclude> | related1 = Aceh Sultanate | related2 = Free Aceh Movement </noinclude> }}<noinclude> </noinclude> do3anges4yesjy2vzlwkfimil8bgjmt 10 33616 157848 2026-04-22T06:15:34Z Tinta Emas Historia Network 33174 Geupeugöt laman ngön asoë '/* {{pp|small=yes}} */ /* columns-2 and columns-3 are legacy for "2 or more" column view from when the * template was implemented with column-count. */ .reflist-columns-2 { column-width: 30em; } .reflist-columns-3 { column-width: 25em; } /* Match Vector 2022 after [[gerrit:1185300]]. */ body.skin-vector-2022 .reflist-columns-2 { column-width: 27em; } body.skin-vector-2022 .reflist-columns-3 { column-width: 22.5em; } /* These should probably be moved to...' 157848 sanitized-css text/css /* {{pp|small=yes}} */ /* columns-2 and columns-3 are legacy for "2 or more" column view from when the * template was implemented with column-count. */ .reflist-columns-2 { column-width: 30em; } .reflist-columns-3 { column-width: 25em; } /* Match Vector 2022 after [[gerrit:1185300]]. */ body.skin-vector-2022 .reflist-columns-2 { column-width: 27em; } body.skin-vector-2022 .reflist-columns-3 { column-width: 22.5em; } /* These should probably be moved to MediaWiki:Common.css to work with <references> as well. */ .references[data-mw-group=upper-alpha] { list-style-type: upper-alpha; } .references[data-mw-group=upper-roman] { list-style-type: upper-roman; } .references[data-mw-group=lower-alpha] { list-style-type: lower-alpha; } .references[data-mw-group=lower-greek] { list-style-type: lower-greek; } .references[data-mw-group=lower-roman] { list-style-type: lower-roman; } /* Liststyle param. */ div.reflist-liststyle-upper-alpha .references { list-style-type: upper-alpha; } div.reflist-liststyle-upper-roman .references { list-style-type: upper-roman; } div.reflist-liststyle-lower-alpha .references { list-style-type: lower-alpha; } div.reflist-liststyle-lower-greek .references { list-style-type: lower-greek; } div.reflist-liststyle-lower-roman .references { list-style-type: lower-roman; } 0y79vyw9wqc26bp1ubg1khshuusjvc4 10 33617 157849 2026-04-22T06:20:33Z Tinta Emas Historia Network 33174 Geupeugöt laman ngön asoë '{{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Categories go where indicated at the bottom of this page, please; interwikis go to Wikidata (see also: [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]) --> {{used in system|in [[MediaWiki:Histlegend]]}} {{cascade-protected template}} {{COinS safe|n}} {{tsh|nobr|nobreak|nwr|nbr}} {{tlx|Nowrap}} or {{tlx|nowrap}} stops [[Line wrap and word wrap|wrapping]] of specific text (which can be inside of a link). Use this template '''sparingly'''. It prevents word...' 157849 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Categories go where indicated at the bottom of this page, please; interwikis go to Wikidata (see also: [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]) --> {{used in system|in [[MediaWiki:Histlegend]]}} {{cascade-protected template}} {{COinS safe|n}} {{tsh|nobr|nobreak|nwr|nbr}} {{tlx|Nowrap}} or {{tlx|nowrap}} stops [[Line wrap and word wrap|wrapping]] of specific text (which can be inside of a link). Use this template '''sparingly'''. It prevents word wraps (line breaks) that might otherwise happen at spaces, hyphens&nbsp;("-"), or, in some browsers, parentheses. The size of the nowrapped text becomes the minimum width of that paragraph and that can negatively influence the ability of the page to adapt to smaller screens, or alternate representations of the content. To achieve the opposite effect of <code>&#123;&#123;nowrap&#125;&#125;</code>, you can use {{tlx|wbr}}. For more information about wrapping and breaking sentences, see [[Wikipedia:Line-break handling]]. == Usage == : <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{Nowrap|these words stay together}}</syntaxhighlight> &rarr; {{Nowrap|these words stay together}} : <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{Nowrap|a, b, c, or d.}}</syntaxhighlight> &rarr; {{Nowrap|a, b, c, or d.}} : <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{Nowrap| merry-go-round }}</syntaxhighlight> &rarr; {{Nowrap| merry-go-round }} : <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{Nowrap| [[4-part harmony]] }}</syntaxhighlight> &rarr; {{Nowrap| [[4-part harmony]] }} : <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{Nowrap| [[Cascading Style Sheets|CSS]] }}</syntaxhighlight> &rarr; {{Nowrap| [[Cascading Style Sheets|CSS]] }} : <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{Nowrap| [[#Examples|Examples section]] }}</syntaxhighlight> &rarr; {{Nowrap| [[#Examples|Examples section]] }} : <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{Nowrap}}</syntaxhighlight> &rarr; {{Nowrap}} : <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{Nowrap|A very long sentence that should wrap when the window becomes smaller but which is prevented from wrapping by this template, which prevents normal line wrapping of long strings that are wrapped in the template.}}</syntaxhighlight> &rarr; {{Nowrap|A very long sentence that should wrap when the window becomes smaller but which is prevented from wrapping by this template, which prevents normal line wrapping of long strings that are wrapped in the template.}} === Examples === {| class=wikitable |"<code>They held {{tlc|Nowrap|10 kg (22 lb)}} in total.</code>" <br/> May render like this: :They held {{Nowrap|10 kg (22 lb)}} <br/>in total. <br/> Or like this: :They held <br/>10 kg (22 lb) in total. <br/> But ''not'' render like this: :They held 10 kg (22 <br/>lb) in total. | "<code>He encountered {{tlc|Nowrap|a tiger}} in the woods.</code>" <br/> May render like this: :He encountered a&nbsp;tiger <br/>in the woods. <br/> Or like this: :He encountered <br/>a tiger in the woods. <br/> But ''not'' like this: :He encountered a <br/>tiger in the woods. |} === Controlling line-breaking in infoboxes === This template may be used with {{tlx|Wbr}} and {{tlx|Spaces}} to control line-breaking in bulletless lists in infoboxes, to prevent wrapped long entries from being confused with multiple entries. See [[Template:Wbr/doc#Controlling line-breaking in infoboxes]] for details. === Handling equal-sign or bar === [[Help:Template|Templates]] have problems with parameter data that contains [[equal-sign]]s "<code>=</code>" or vertical bars "<code>|</code>" (pipes). Note that this does not apply if the equal-sign "<code>=</code>" or vertical bar "<code>|</code>" is inside a wikilink or another template. In the case that there is a bare equal-sign "<code>=</code>" or vertical bar "<code>|</code>", consider using {{tl|Nowrap begin}} + {{tl|Nowrap end}} instead. However, there are also other workarounds: For text that includes an equal-sign "=", precede the text with <code>1=</code>, use a triple-brace unnamed parameter <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{{|=}}}</syntaxhighlight>, or the <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{=}}</syntaxhighlight> magic word. For example: :<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{Nowrap|1=2 + 2 = 4}}</syntaxhighlight>, <br /><syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{Nowrap|2 + 2 {{{|=}}} 4}}</syntaxhighlight>, or <br /><syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{Nowrap|2 + 2 {{=}} 4}}</syntaxhighlight> which all render as this: :{{Nowrap|1=2 + 2 = 4}}. For text that includes a vertical bar "|", escape the bar(s) with "<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>&#124;</syntaxhighlight>" or "<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{pipe}}</syntaxhighlight>" or "<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{abs}}</syntaxhighlight>". For instance, put two bars "|6|" like this: :<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{Nowrap|&#124;6&#124; < 7}}</syntaxhighlight> &nbsp;or&nbsp; <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{Nowrap|{{pipe}}6{{pipe}} < 7}}</syntaxhighlight> &nbsp;or&nbsp; <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{Nowrap|{{abs|6}} < 7}}</syntaxhighlight> Which renders this: :{{Nowrap|&#124;6&#124; < 7}} == Technical details == The actual code that does the job is this HTML {{tag|span|open|link=yes}} tag that applies a class to the text inside the template: :{{code|lang=html|1=<span class="nowrap">This text will not wrap</span>}} The class <code>nowrap</code> receives the CSS property {{code|lang=css|white-space: nowrap;}} in [[MediaWiki:Common.css]]. == TemplateData == {{TemplateData header}} <templatedata>{ "description": "Prevents word wraps (line breaks) within text or inside a link which contains spaces or hyphens (-).", "params": { "1": { "label": "Text", "description": "Text or link to be protected.", "type": "string", "required": true } } }</templatedata> == See also == {{List of nowrap-like templates}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- Categories go below this line, please; interwikis go to Wikidata, thank you! --> [[Category:Line-handling templates]] }}</includeonly> j91ny05bziugrz6yueotsetf8u7lfru 10 33618 157850 2026-04-22T06:21:37Z Tinta Emas Historia Network 33174 Geupeugöt laman ngön asoë '<includeonly><span class="nowrap"></includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} <!-- Add categories and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude>' 157850 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly><span class="nowrap"></includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} <!-- Add categories and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> l46vcek81qivhppobslnqas24mpjxl2 10 33619 157851 2026-04-22T06:22:09Z Tinta Emas Historia Network 33174 Geupeugöt laman ngön asoë '{{Documentation subpage}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES WHERE INDICATED THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE --> This template prevents word wraps (line breaks) in text and links with spaces in. It is designed to handle the really tricky wrapping cases where you need full control. It works similarly to {{tl|nowrap}} and {{tl|nowraplinks}}. This template takes no parameters; instead, it works in tandem with {{tl|nowrap end}}. {{Ambox |text='''Note:''' The use of these templa...' 157851 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES WHERE INDICATED THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE --> This template prevents word wraps (line breaks) in text and links with spaces in. It is designed to handle the really tricky wrapping cases where you need full control. It works similarly to {{tl|nowrap}} and {{tl|nowraplinks}}. This template takes no parameters; instead, it works in tandem with {{tl|nowrap end}}. {{Ambox |text='''Note:''' The use of these templates in {{tl|Navbox}} and similar templates is deprecated; see [[Template:Navbox/doc#See also]]. Use the [[WP:HLIST|hlist class]] and, when occasionally necessary, {{tl|wrap}}. The nowrap behaviour implemented by the {{tc|nowrap}} set has been made ambient, while hlist provides a more appropriate structure and improved accessibility.}} ===Helper templates=== This template has a number of helper templates which allows you to tell the web browser exactly where line breaks may occur: '''Note:''' These helper templates may only be used in sections surrounded by {{tl|nowrap begin}} and {{tl|nowrap end}} or they may cause weird behaviour of your page. * {{tl|wrap}}{{spaced ndash}}Marks where a wrap may occur. ===Usage=== <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext"> {{nowrap begin}} [[Salt]] and{{wrap}} [[Pepper]] and{{wrap}} [[Curry]] and{{wrap}} [[Saffron]].{{wrap}} [[Salt]] and{{wrap}} [[Pepper]] and{{wrap}} [[Curry]] and{{wrap}} [[Saffron]]. {{nowrap end}} </syntaxhighlight> It will render something like this: :[[Salt]] and [[Black pepper|Pepper]] and [[Curry]] and :[[Saffron]]. [[Salt]] and [[Black pepper|Pepper]] and :[[Curry]] and [[Saffron]]. But it will ''not'' render like this: :[[Salt]] and [[Black pepper|Pepper]] and [[Curry]] :and [[Saffron]]. [[Salt]] and [[Black pepper|Pepper]] :and [[Curry]] and [[Saffron]]. To make your code readable and easy to edit, you can put each wrappable "line" on its own line. And let's use some dots too. Like this: <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext"> {{nowrap begin}} [[Salt]] and [[Pepper]]{{·}}{{wrap}} [[Pepper]] and [[Curry]]{{·}}{{wrap}} [[Curry]] and [[Saffron]]{{·}}{{wrap}} [[Saffron]] and [[Salt]] {{nowrap end}} </syntaxhighlight> It will render something like this: :[[Salt]] and [[Black pepper|Pepper]] '''·''' [[Black pepper|Pepper]] and [[Curry]] '''·''' :[[Curry]] and [[Saffron]] '''·''' [[Saffron]] and [[Salt]] But it will ''not'' render like this: :[[Salt]] and [[Black pepper|Pepper]] '''·''' [[Black pepper|Pepper]] :and [[Curry]] '''·''' [[Curry]] and [[Saffron]] :'''·''' [[Saffron]] and [[Salt]] ===Examples=== Here are the above examples in actual running code in a table. Try dragging the width of your web browser window so it becomes smaller and smaller and watch how the line wrapping behaves: {| class="wikitable" | {{nowrap begin}} [[Salt]] and{{wrap}} [[Black pepper|Pepper]] and{{wrap}} [[Curry]] and{{wrap}} [[Saffron]].{{wrap}} [[Salt]] and{{wrap}} [[Black pepper|Pepper]] and{{wrap}} [[Curry]] and{{wrap}} [[Saffron]]. {{nowrap end}} | {{nowrap begin}} [[Salt]] and [[Black pepper|Pepper]]{{·}}{{wrap}} [[Black pepper|Pepper]] and [[Curry]]{{·}}{{wrap}} [[Curry]] and [[Saffron]]{{·}}{{wrap}} [[Saffron]] and [[Salt]] {{nowrap end}} |} An example demonstrating all the helper templates: {| class="wikitable" | {{nowrap begin}} [[Salt]]{{wrap}} [[Black pepper|Pepper]]{{wrap}} [[Curry]]{{·}}{{wrap}} [[Saffron]]{{·}}{{wrap}} [[Salt]]{{•}}{{wrap}} [[Black pepper|Pepper]]{{•}}{{wrap}} [[Curry]]{{snd}}{{wrap}} [[Saffron]]{{snd}}{{wrap}} [[Salt]] {{!}}{{wrap}} [[Black pepper|Pepper]] {{!}}{{wrap}} [[Curry]]{{·}}{{wrap}} [[Saffron]]{{·}}{{wrap}} [[Salt]] {{nowrap end}} | {{nowrap begin}} [[Salt]]{{wrap}} [[Black pepper|Pepper]]{{wrap}} [[Curry]]{{·}}{{wrap}} [[Saffron]]{{·}}{{wrap}} [[Salt]]{{•}}{{wrap}} [[Black pepper|Pepper]]{{•}}{{wrap}} [[Curry]]{{snd}}{{wrap}} [[Saffron]]{{snd}}{{wrap}} [[Salt]] {{!}}{{wrap}} [[Black pepper|Pepper]] {{!}}{{wrap}} [[Curry]]{{·}}{{wrap}} [[Saffron]]{{·}}{{wrap}} [[Salt]] {{nowrap end}} |} ===Technical details=== The actual code that does the job is this HTML+CSS code: {{sxhl|1=<span class="nowrap"> Text and links <span class="wrap"> </span> More text and links </span>|2=html}} {{tl|·}} and the other helper templates should not have any spaces or newlines before them or they will render two spaces before the dot. They tolerate anything from no to several spaces and even a newline after them and they will still only render one space after the dot. If a wrap occurs then the wrap will come after the dot, even if there are spaces before the helper template. The {{tl|·}} causes problems if inside sections of bolded and/or italicised text. Do end the bold text before the {{tl|·}} and continue the bold text after it to avoid the problems. {{tl|•}} and the other helper templates only have this problem if the section is bolded and italicised at the same time. ===See also=== {{List of nowrap-like templates}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- ADD CATEGORIES BELOW THIS LINE, PLEASE: --> [[Category:Line-handling templates]] }}</includeonly> iwmthct6kve18m71az2x0708oa55c9w 10 33620 157852 2026-04-22T06:24:10Z Tinta Emas Historia Network 33174 Geupeugöt laman ngön asoë '<includeonly></span></includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Add categories and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude>' 157852 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly></span></includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Add categories and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> kwum1tk143w2m8d4z5oo48bef2jhq8m 10 33621 157853 2026-04-22T06:32:12Z Tinta Emas Historia Network 33174 Geupeugöt laman ngön asoë '{{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Please place categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata (see [[</nowiki>[[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]<nowiki>]]) --> {{Template shortcut|&nbsp|nbs|nbsp|nbsp;|space|spcs}} {{COinS safe|n}} {{no subst}} {{high use}} {{stack|{{Lua|Module:String}}}}<!--wider box than {{Template shortcut}}--> A template used to insert one or more [[non-breaking space]]s (<code>&amp;nbsp;</code>) to prevent automatic li...' 157853 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Please place categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata (see [[</nowiki>[[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]<nowiki>]]) --> {{Template shortcut|&nbsp|nbs|nbsp|nbsp;|space|spcs}} {{COinS safe|n}} {{no subst}} {{high use}} {{stack|{{Lua|Module:String}}}}<!--wider box than {{Template shortcut}}--> A template used to insert one or more [[non-breaking space]]s (<code>&amp;nbsp;</code>) to prevent automatic line breaks at specific points in the text. This is useful for keeping elements such as numbers and units together. == Usage == === Syntax === {{larger|<code><nowiki>{{spaces|</nowiki>''N''{{!}}''type''<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code>}} produces ''N'' consecutive non-breaking spaces (where ''N'' is a [[Integer|whole number]] larger than zero) of the type specified by the second parameter (which are ordered by decreasing space width): <code>em</code>, <code>fig</code>, <code>en</code>, <code>thin</code>, <code>hair</code>. If type is not specified, ''N'' non-breaking spaces (<syntaxhighlight inline lang=xml>&nbsp;</syntaxhighlight>) are produced. A non-breaking space has the same width as a standard space, whose width is between the width of <code>en</code> and <code>thin</code>. {{larger|<code><nowiki>{{spaces|</nowiki>''type''<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code>}} produces a single non-breaking space of the type indicated. === Controlling line-breaking in infoboxes === This template, usually as its alias {{tlx|nbsp}}, may be used with {{tlx|wbr}} and {{tlx|nowrap}} to control line-breaking in bulletless lists in infoboxes, to prevent wrapped long entries from being confused with multiple entries. See [[Template:Wbr/doc#Controlling line-breaking in infoboxes]] for details. == Comparisons == {{Space comparison}} == Template data == {{TemplateData header}} <templatedata> { "description": "Inserts one or more non-breaking spaces", "params": { "1": { "label": "Quantity", "description": "How many non-breaking spaces to insert", "type": "number", "default": "1" }, "2": { "label": "Type", "description": "Non-default types (in decreasing order of width): em, fig, en, thin, hair", "type": "string", "default": "&nbsp;", "suggestedvalues": [ "em", "fig", "en", "nbsp", "thin", "hair" ] } } } </templatedata> == See also == * [[Template:Non breaking hyphen]] * [[Help:Advanced text formatting]] * {{tl|0}} to add invisible characters * {{tl|block indent}} to indent an entire block of content, similar to a [[Template:Quote|block quotation]] (uses {{tag|div|o}} and CSS margins) * {{tlg|nowrap|item|italic=on}} to stop the linewrapping of any part of {{var|item}} {{Inline spacing templates}} <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Inline spacing templates]] [[Category:Character templates]] }}</includeonly> 5kl6c84sn41lliraj7mf2j9ss3upcsz 828 33622 157854 2026-04-22T06:33:49Z Tinta Emas Historia Network 33174 Geupeugöt laman ngön asoë '-- This module implements {{shortcut}}. -- Set constants local CONFIG_MODULE = 'Module:Shortcut/config' -- Load required modules local checkType = require('libraryUtil').checkType local yesno = require('Module:Yesno') local p = {} local function message(msg, ...) return mw.message.newRawMessage(msg, ...):plain() end local function makeCategoryLink(cat) return string.format('[[%s:%s]]', mw.site.namespaces[14].name, cat) end function p._main(shortcuts, o...' 157854 Scribunto text/plain -- This module implements {{shortcut}}. -- Set constants local CONFIG_MODULE = 'Module:Shortcut/config' -- Load required modules local checkType = require('libraryUtil').checkType local yesno = require('Module:Yesno') local p = {} local function message(msg, ...) return mw.message.newRawMessage(msg, ...):plain() end local function makeCategoryLink(cat) return string.format('[[%s:%s]]', mw.site.namespaces[14].name, cat) end function p._main(shortcuts, options, frame, cfg) checkType('_main', 1, shortcuts, 'table') checkType('_main', 2, options, 'table', true) options = options or {} frame = frame or mw.getCurrentFrame() cfg = cfg or mw.loadData(CONFIG_MODULE) local templateMode = options.template and yesno(options.template) local redirectMode = options.redirect and yesno(options.redirect) local isCategorized = not options.category or yesno(options.category) ~= false -- Validate shortcuts for i, shortcut in ipairs(shortcuts) do if type(shortcut) ~= 'string' or #shortcut < 1 then error(message(cfg['invalid-shortcut-error'], i), 2) end end -- Make the list items. These are the shortcuts plus any extra lines such -- as options.msg. local listItems = {} for i, shortcut in ipairs(shortcuts) do local templatePath, prefix if templateMode then -- Namespace detection local titleObj = mw.title.new(shortcut, 10) if titleObj.namespace == 10 then templatePath = titleObj.fullText else templatePath = shortcut end prefix = options['pre' .. i] or options.pre or '' end if options.target and yesno(options.target) then listItems[i] = templateMode and string.format("&#123;&#123;%s[[%s|%s]]&#125;&#125;", prefix, templatePath, shortcut) or string.format("[[%s]]", shortcut) else listItems[i] = frame:expandTemplate{ title = 'No redirect', args = templateMode and {templatePath, shortcut} or {shortcut, shortcut} } if templateMode then listItems[i] = string.format("&#123;&#123;%s%s&#125;&#125;", prefix, listItems[i]) end end end table.insert(listItems, options.msg) -- Return an error if we have nothing to display if #listItems < 1 then local msg = cfg['no-content-error'] msg = string.format('<strong class="error">%s</strong>', msg) if isCategorized and cfg['no-content-error-category'] then msg = msg .. makeCategoryLink(cfg['no-content-error-category']) end return msg end local root = mw.html.create() root:wikitext(frame:extensionTag{ name = 'templatestyles', args = { src = 'Module:Shortcut/styles.css'} }) -- Anchors local anchorDiv = root :tag('div') :addClass('module-shortcutanchordiv') for i, shortcut in ipairs(shortcuts) do local anchor = mw.uri.anchorEncode(shortcut) anchorDiv:tag('span'):attr('id', anchor) end -- Shortcut heading local shortcutHeading do local nShortcuts = #shortcuts if nShortcuts > 0 then local headingMsg = options['shortcut-heading'] or redirectMode and cfg['redirect-heading'] or cfg['shortcut-heading'] shortcutHeading = message(headingMsg, nShortcuts) shortcutHeading = frame:preprocess(shortcutHeading) end end -- Shortcut box local shortcutList = root :tag('div') :addClass('module-shortcutboxplain noprint') :attr('role', 'note') if options.float and options.float:lower() == 'left' then shortcutList:addClass('module-shortcutboxleft') end if options.clear and options.clear ~= '' then shortcutList:css('clear', options.clear) end if shortcutHeading then shortcutList :tag('div') :addClass('module-shortcutlist') :wikitext(shortcutHeading) end local ubl = require('Module:List').unbulleted(listItems) shortcutList:wikitext(ubl) return tostring(root) end function p.main(frame) local args = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs(frame) -- Separate shortcuts from options local shortcuts, options = {}, {} for k, v in pairs(args) do if type(k) == 'number' then shortcuts[k] = v else options[k] = v end end -- Compress the shortcut array, which may contain nils. local function compressArray(t) local nums, ret = {}, {} for k in pairs(t) do nums[#nums + 1] = k end table.sort(nums) for i, num in ipairs(nums) do ret[i] = t[num] end return ret end shortcuts = compressArray(shortcuts) return p._main(shortcuts, options, frame) end return p 0grxrt10usr45p0y9yes29aw6xnxg7j 828 33623 157855 2026-04-22T06:34:34Z Tinta Emas Historia Network 33174 Geupeugöt laman ngön asoë '{{Module rating|protected}} {{High-use|demo=Module:{{ROOTPAGENAME}}}} {{Lua|Module:Shortcut/config|Module:List|Module:Yesno|Module:Arguments}} {{Uses TemplateStyles|Module:Shortcut/styles.css}} {{Lua sidebar}} This module makes a box showing the shortcut links to a page. == Usage == === From wikitext === From wikitext, this module should be called from a template, usually {{tl|shortcut}}. Please see the template page for documentation. However, it can also...' 157855 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Module rating|protected}} {{High-use|demo=Module:{{ROOTPAGENAME}}}} {{Lua|Module:Shortcut/config|Module:List|Module:Yesno|Module:Arguments}} {{Uses TemplateStyles|Module:Shortcut/styles.css}} {{Lua sidebar}} This module makes a box showing the shortcut links to a page. == Usage == === From wikitext === From wikitext, this module should be called from a template, usually {{tl|shortcut}}. Please see the template page for documentation. However, it can also be called using the syntax <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:shortcut|main|</nowiki>''arguments''<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code>. === From Lua === To use this module from Lua, first load it. <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> local mShortcut = require('Module:Shortcut') </syntaxhighlight> Then you can create shortcut boxes with the following syntax: <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> mShortcut._main(shortcuts, options, frame, cfg) </syntaxhighlight> * <var>shortcuts</var> is an array of shortcut page names. (required) * <var>options</var> is a table of options. The following keys are supported: ** <code>msg</code> - a message to leave after the list of shortcuts. ** <code>category</code> - if set to false (or a value regarded as false by [[Module:Yesno]], such as "no"), categories are suppressed. * <var>frame</var> is a frame object. This is optional, and only intended to be used internally. * <var>cfg</var> is a table of config values. This is optional, and is only intended for testing. == Technical details == This module has a configuration file at [[Module:Shortcut/config]]. It can be used to translate this module into different languages or to change details like category names. <includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|sandbox|| <!-- Categories go here and interwikis go in Wikidata. --> }}</includeonly> 6x0i9vp7p8pq59z1x7ekpp7r4gxs54h 828 33624 157857 2026-04-22T06:39:53Z Tinta Emas Historia Network 33174 Geupeugöt laman ngön asoë '-- This module may be used to compare the arguments passed to the parent -- with a list of arguments, returning a specified result if an argument is -- on the list local p = {} local function isnotempty(s) return s and mw.text.trim(s) ~= '' end local function scanValues(values,results,args,replaceTable) for k, v in pairs(values) do local c = args.category:gsub('_VALUE_', v) table.insert(results, c) if v == '' then -- Fix odd bug for | = which g...' 157857 Scribunto text/plain -- This module may be used to compare the arguments passed to the parent -- with a list of arguments, returning a specified result if an argument is -- on the list local p = {} local function isnotempty(s) return s and mw.text.trim(s) ~= '' end local function scanValues(values,results,args,replaceTable) for k, v in pairs(values) do local c = args.category:gsub('_VALUE_', v) table.insert(results, c) if v == '' then -- Fix odd bug for | = which gets stripped to the empty string -- and breaks category links v = ' ' end local replaceString = '"'..v..'". ' local replaceValue = replaceTable and replaceTable[v] replaceString = replaceString..(replaceValue and 'Replace with "'..replaceValue..'".' or 'It should be removed.') local p = args.preview:gsub('_VALUE_',replaceString) table.insert(results, p ) end end function p.check (frame) -- create the table of deprecated values and their matching new value return p._check(frame.args, frame:getParent().args, frame:getParent():getTitle()) end local moduleParams = {ignoreblank=true, preview=true, _category=true, _remove=true} function p._check(args, pargs, caller) local dep_values = {} for k, v in pairs(args) do if not moduleParams[k] then dep_values[k] = v end end -- Parse params to remove local removes = {} if args['_remove'] then for r in args['_remove']:gmatch("([^;]+)") do removes[mw.text.trim(r)] = 1 end end -- loop over the parent args and see if any are deprecated local values = {} local remove_values = {} local ignoreblank = isnotempty(args['ignoreblank']) for k, v in pairs(pargs) do if not ignoreblank or isnotempty(v) then if dep_values[k] then table.insert(values, k) elseif removes[k] then table.insert(remove_values, k) end end end -- find out about calling context local title = mw.title.getCurrentTitle() -- create local defaulted arguments local category = args["_category"] or title.namespace == 0 and "[[Category:Pages with deprecated parameters]]" or "" local preview = args['preview'] or 'Page using [['..caller..']] with deprecated parameter _VALUE_' if isnotempty(preview) then preview = require('Module:If preview')._warning({preview}) end local localArgs = {category=category,preview=preview} -- scan through values and remove_values and create output results local results = {} scanValues(values,results,localArgs,dep_values) scanValues(remove_values,results,localArgs) return table.concat(results) end return p 6pg33nakw78ry3o0fys41ny599i0hwk 828 33625 157858 2026-04-22T06:40:28Z Tinta Emas Historia Network 33174 Geupeugöt laman ngön asoë '{{Module rating |general}} {{high-use}} {{Lua|Module:If preview}} '''Module:Check for deprecated parameters''' may be appended to a template to check for uses of deprecated parameters. It will place the page in a specific category, and display a preview message, when it finds deprecated parameter uses. '''Note:''' due to the nature of deprecations, this module will often have no templates implementing it. For testing, see the Module talk:Check for depreca...' 157858 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Module rating |general}} {{high-use}} {{Lua|Module:If preview}} '''Module:Check for deprecated parameters''' may be appended to a template to check for uses of deprecated parameters. It will place the page in a specific category, and display a preview message, when it finds deprecated parameter uses. '''Note:''' due to the nature of deprecations, this module will often have no templates implementing it. For testing, see the [[Module talk:Check for deprecated parameters/testcases|output of the test cases]]. You should view that both normally and in preview mode to fully test the module. == Usage == <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext"> {{#invoke:Check for deprecated parameters|check | _category = {{main other|[[Category:Pages using TEMPLATENAME with deprecated parameters|_VALUE_]]}} | _remove = RemoveParam1; RemoveParam2 | old_param1 = new_param1 | old_param2 = new_param2 | .... | old_paramN = new_paramN }} </syntaxhighlight> == Parameters == * {{para|_category}} - what happens when an unknown parameter is used. Typically use either a tracking category to place pages that use deprecated parameters, or an error. * {{para|_remove}} - a {{code|;}} separated list of parameters that should simply be removed from the template, not replaced with another. For example: {{para|_remove|Param1; Param2; Param3}} * {{para|ignoreblank}} – by default, the module makes no distinction between a defined-but-blank parameter and a non-blank parameter. That is, both unlisted {{Para|foo|x}} and {{Para|foo}} are reported. To only track non-blank parameters use {{para|ignoreblank|1}}. If you clean your arguments with [[Module:Arguments]] and call this module afterwards, you need not use this parameter as that module ignores blank arguments by default. * {{para|preview}} – set a custom [[template:preview warning|preview warning]] message. Note the default is ''{{red|Page using LINKED_TEMPLATE_NAME with deprecated parameter _VALUE_}}'' ==See also== * [[:Category:Deprecated parameters]] * [[:Module:Params]] – for complex operations involving parameters * [[:Module:Check for unknown parameters]] * [[:Module:Check for conflicting parameters]] – module that checks for conflicting parameters <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| <!-- Categories go here and interwikis go in Wikidata. --> [[Category:Modules that add a tracking category]] [[Category:Template metamodules]] }}</includeonly> <noinclude> [[Category:Module documentation pages]] </noinclude> 30yrmvzstxtpbfi6axty2k35g0zii8v 828 33626 157862 2026-04-22T07:09:25Z Tinta Emas Historia Network 33174 Geupeugöt laman ngön asoë 'local p = {} local getArgs = require("Module:Arguments").getArgs local yn = require("Module:Yesno") local cfg = mw.loadData('Module:If preview/configuration') --[[ main This function returns either the first argument or second argument passed to this module, depending on whether the page is being previewed. ]] function p.main(frame) local args = getArgs(frame) if cfg.preview then return args[1] or '' else return args[2] or '' end end --[[ pmain Th...' 157862 Scribunto text/plain local p = {} local getArgs = require("Module:Arguments").getArgs local yn = require("Module:Yesno") local cfg = mw.loadData('Module:If preview/configuration') --[[ main This function returns either the first argument or second argument passed to this module, depending on whether the page is being previewed. ]] function p.main(frame) local args = getArgs(frame) if cfg.preview then return args[1] or '' else return args[2] or '' end end --[[ pmain This function returns either the first argument or second argument passed to this module's parent (i.e. template using this module), depending on whether it is being previewed. ]] function p.pmain(frame) return p.main(frame:getParent()) end local function warning_text(warning) return mw.ustring.format( cfg.warning_infrastructure, cfg.templatestyles, warning ) end function p._warning(args) local warning = args[1] and args[1]:match('^%s*(.-)%s*$') or '' if warning == '' then return warning_text(cfg.missing_warning) end if not cfg.preview then return '' end if yn(args['consolewarning']) then mw.addWarning(args[1] or cfg.missing_warning) end return warning_text(warning) end --[[ warning This function returns a "preview warning", which is the first argument marked up with HTML and some supporting text, depending on whether the page is being previewed. ]] -- function p.warning(frame) -- mw.addWarning(frame.args[1] or cfg.missing_warning) -- return p._warning(frame.args) -- end --[[ warning, but for pass-through templates like {{preview warning}} ]] function p.pwarning(frame) local args = getArgs(frame) return p._warning(args) end --[[ Does both mw.addWarning and preview warning ]] function p.warn(text) if text == nil or text == "" then return "" end mw.addWarning(text) return p._warning({text}) end --[[ Console warning ]] function p.consoleWarning(frame) local args = getArgs(frame) mw.addWarning(args[1] or cfg.missing_warning) return '' end return p 9xxiwh6yksz0t17svyd7nlq7rj3f5rk 828 33627 157863 2026-04-22T07:10:34Z Tinta Emas Historia Network 33174 Geupeugöt laman ngön asoë '--[[ We perform the actual check for whether this is a preview here since preprocessing is relatively expensive. ]] local frame = mw.getCurrentFrame() local function is_preview() local revision_id = frame:preprocess('{{REVISIONID}}') -- {{REVISIONID}} is usually the empty string when previewed. -- I don't know why we're checking for nil but hey, maybe someday things -- would have broken return revision_id == nil or revision_id == '' end local function t...' 157863 Scribunto text/plain --[[ We perform the actual check for whether this is a preview here since preprocessing is relatively expensive. ]] local frame = mw.getCurrentFrame() local function is_preview() local revision_id = frame:preprocess('{{REVISIONID}}') -- {{REVISIONID}} is usually the empty string when previewed. -- I don't know why we're checking for nil but hey, maybe someday things -- would have broken return revision_id == nil or revision_id == '' end local function templatestyles() return frame:extensionTag{ name = 'templatestyles', args = { src = 'Module:If preview/styles.css' } } end return { preview = is_preview(), templatestyles = templatestyles(), warning_infrastructure = '%s<div class="preview-warning"><strong>Preview warning:</strong> %s</div>', missing_warning = 'The template has no warning text. Please add a warning.' } 7ccf9c7e3yxw9p4ke6iw4ndcfniweno 828 33628 157864 2026-04-22T07:11:12Z Tinta Emas Historia Network 33174 Geupeugöt laman ngön asoë '{{used in system}} This module does the actual work for determining if the page is in preview mode. It is a separate module so <code>mw.loadData</code> can only run it once per page, rather than once per use.' 157864 wikitext text/x-wiki {{used in system}} This module does the actual work for determining if the page is in preview mode. It is a separate module so <code>mw.loadData</code> can only run it once per page, rather than once per use. msdhnr1a4f2rxj4k0r9c2267p0j6iz7 828 33629 157865 2026-04-22T07:12:40Z Tinta Emas Historia Network 33174 Geupeugöt laman ngön asoë '/* {{pp|small=yes}} */ .preview-warning { font-style: italic; /* @noflip */ padding-left: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; color: var(--color-error, red); } /* The templatestyles element inserts a link element before hatnotes. * TODO: Remove link if/when WMF resolves T200206 */ .preview-warning + link + .preview-warning { margin-top: -0.5em; }' 157865 sanitized-css text/css /* {{pp|small=yes}} */ .preview-warning { font-style: italic; /* @noflip */ padding-left: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; color: var(--color-error, red); } /* The templatestyles element inserts a link element before hatnotes. * TODO: Remove link if/when WMF resolves T200206 */ .preview-warning + link + .preview-warning { margin-top: -0.5em; } kbqg0kqnlzjfzk8vwkk7ykx0gblj5y8 0 33630 157873 2026-04-22T08:16:26Z Tinta Emas Historia Network 33174 Dibuat dengan menerjemahkan halaman "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1350032870|Suleiman the Magnificent]]" 157873 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Suleiman I''' {{Efn|({{langx|ota|سلیمان اول|Süleymân-ı Evvel}}; {{langx|tr|I. Süleyman}}, {{IPA|tr|biɾinˈdʒi sylejˈman|ipa}}; 6 November 1494}} (6 Buleuen Siblaih 1494 – 6 Buleuen Sikureueng 1566), nyang umum geuturi ngon nan '''Suleiman Rayek''' atawa '''Suleiman al-Kanuni''', nakeuh sultan Utsmaniyah nibak thôn 1520 sampoë 1566.  Peumeurintahan nyang paléng panyang di antara sultan-sultan Usumani nyang la'en, peumeurèntahan gobnyan troh bak puncak nyang that meuceuhu lam keukuatan ekonomi, militè ngon peuliték [[Turuki Utsmani|Keurajeuën Usumani]], ngon yoh masa nyan teu'ék jomeulah rakyat Keurajeuën nyan seutidak jih 25 juta droe ureung. h7nbzjynf5h7ar468rhpdhhex13qr4g 157874 157873 2026-04-22T08:24:34Z Tinta Emas Historia Network 33174 157874 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox royalty | name = Suleiman I | title = {{unbulleted list|[[Peulindong duwa kuta suci]]|Raja Bagheudad di Irak<ref name=caesar>{{cite book|title=medieval worlds comparative & interdisciplinary studies|volume=14|year=2021|chapter=These are the narratives of bygone years: Conquest of a Fortress as a Source of Legitimacy|author=Dimitri Korobeinikov|url=https://www.medievalworlds.net/0xc1aa5576%200x003d0810.pdf|publisher=Austrian Academy of Sciences Press|quote=That the Ottomans might have had a different view was demonstrated by Sultan Sulaymān the Magnificent, who called himself the shah of Baghdad in ‘Iraq (Shah-i Bagdād-i ‘Irāq), the Caesar of Rome (qayṣar-i Rūm), and the sultan in Egypt (Miṣra (i.e. Mısıra) Sulṭān) in the inscription in the fortress of Bender (Bendery, Tighina) in Moldova, AH 945 (29 May 1538–18 May 1539). The title qayṣar-i Rūm (Caesar of Rome) was a traditional designation of the Byzantine emperor in Persian and Ottoman sources (from the Arabic al-qayṣar al-Rūm).|page=180}}</ref>|Sôleutan Meusé<ref name=caesar />|Kaisa Roma<ref name=caesar />|[[Khagan]]<ref>{{cite book|title=Oriental Translation Fund|volume=33|year=1834|page=19}}</ref>}} | titletext = | more = | image = EmperorSuleiman.jpg | alt = | caption = Portrait attributed to circle of [[Titian]] and dated to after 1543<ref>{{Cite web |last=del Torre |first=Francesca |last2=Deiters |first2=Wencke |title=Sultan Süleyman II in profile |url=https://islamicart.museumwnf.org/database_item.php?id=object;EPM;at;Mus22;10;en |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260218221639/https://islamicart.museumwnf.org/database_item.php?id=object;EPM;at;Mus22;10;en |archive-date=18 February 2026 |access-date=18 February 2026 |website=Explore Islamic Art Collections |publisher=[[Museum with No Frontiers]]}}</ref> | succession = [[Sultan of the Ottoman Empire]] ([[Padishah]]) | moretext = | reign = 30 September 1520 – {{awrap|6 September 1566}} | predecessor = [[Selim I]] | successor = [[Selim II]] | succession1 = [[Ottoman Caliphate|Ottoman caliph]] (''[[Amir al-Mu'minin]]'') | predecessor1 = Selim I | successor1 = Selim II | birth_date = 6 November 1494<ref name= AG-BM-encyc>{{Cite book |last=Ágoston |first=Gábor |editor-last=Ágoston |editor-first=Gábor |editor-first2= Bruce |editor-last2= Masters |title=Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire |chapter=Süleyman I |date=2009}}</ref>{{rp|541}} | birth_place = [[Trabzon]], [[Trebizond Eyalet|Trabzon Eyalet]], [[Ottoman Empire]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|1566|09|06|1494|11|06|df=y}}<ref name= AG-BM-encyc />{{rp|545}} | death_place = [[Szigetvár]], [[Kingdom of Hungary (1526–1867)|Kingdom of Hungary]] | burial_place = {{Indented plainlist| * Organs buried at [[Turbék]], Szigetvár, Hungary * Body buried at [[Süleymaniye Mosque]], Istanbul, Turkey }} | spouse = {{marriage|[[Hürrem Sultan]]|May 1534|15 April 1558|end=died}}<ref name="Peirce 2017">{{Harvnb|Peirce|2017|pages=114}}</ref><br/>[[Mahidevran Hatun]] | spouse-type = Peureumoësuri | issue = {{plainlist| * Şehzade Mahmud * Şehzade Murad * [[Şehzade Mustafa (son of Suleiman the Magnificent)|Şehzade Mustafa]] * [[Raziye Sultan]] * [[Şehzade Mehmed]] * [[Mihrimah Sultan (daughter of Suleiman I)|Mihrimah Sultan]] * [[Selim II]] * [[Şehzade Abdullah (son of Suleiman the Magnificent)|Şehzade Abdullah]] * [[Şehzade Bayezid]] * [[Şehzade Cihangir]] }} | full name = Süleyman Şah bin Selim Şah Han<ref>{{cite book|title=Manuscript and Ferman Ornamentation Art in the Ottoman Empire|author1=Hüseyin Odabaş|author2=Coşkun Odabaş|page=123|year=2015}}</ref> | house = [[Ottoman dynasty|Ottoman]] | house-type = Dynasty | father = [[Selim I]] | mother = [[Hafsa Sultan]] | signature_type = [[Tughra]] | religion = [[Sunni Islam]] | burial_date = | signature = Tughra of Suleiman I the Magnificent.svg }} '''Suleiman I''' {{Efn|({{langx|ota|سلیمان اول|Süleymân-ı Evvel}}; {{langx|tr|I. Süleyman}}, {{IPA|tr|biɾinˈdʒi sylejˈman|ipa}}; 6 November 1494}} (6 Buleuen Siblaih 1494 – 6 Buleuen Sikureueng 1566), nyang umum geuturi ngon nan '''Suleiman Rayek''' atawa '''Suleiman al-Kanuni''', nakeuh sultan Utsmaniyah nibak thôn 1520 sampoë 1566.  Peumeurintahan nyang paléng panyang di antara sultan-sultan Usumani nyang la'en, peumeurèntahan gobnyan troh bak puncak nyang that meuceuhu lam keukuatan ekonomi, militè ngon peuliték [[Turuki Utsmani|Keurajeuën Usumani]], ngon yoh masa nyan teu'ék jomeulah rakyat Keurajeuën nyan seutidak jih 25 juta droe ureung. s5abp3psck9yjqenm6yh3a5ygpq6y6l 157875 157874 2026-04-22T08:24:56Z Tinta Emas Historia Network 33174 157875 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox royalty | name = Suleiman I | title = {{unbulleted list|[[Peulindong duwa kuta suci]]|Raja Bagheudad di Irak<ref name=caesar>{{cite book|title=medieval worlds comparative & interdisciplinary studies|volume=14|year=2021|chapter=These are the narratives of bygone years: Conquest of a Fortress as a Source of Legitimacy|author=Dimitri Korobeinikov|url=https://www.medievalworlds.net/0xc1aa5576%200x003d0810.pdf|publisher=Austrian Academy of Sciences Press|quote=That the Ottomans might have had a different view was demonstrated by Sultan Sulaymān the Magnificent, who called himself the shah of Baghdad in ‘Iraq (Shah-i Bagdād-i ‘Irāq), the Caesar of Rome (qayṣar-i Rūm), and the sultan in Egypt (Miṣra (i.e. Mısıra) Sulṭān) in the inscription in the fortress of Bender (Bendery, Tighina) in Moldova, AH 945 (29 May 1538–18 May 1539). The title qayṣar-i Rūm (Caesar of Rome) was a traditional designation of the Byzantine emperor in Persian and Ottoman sources (from the Arabic al-qayṣar al-Rūm).|page=180}}</ref>|Sôleutan Meusé<ref name=caesar />|Kaisa Roma<ref name=caesar />|[[Khagan]]<ref>{{cite book|title=Oriental Translation Fund|volume=33|year=1834|page=19}}</ref>}} | titletext = | more = | image = EmperorSuleiman.jpg | alt = | caption = Portrait attributed to circle of [[Titian]] and dated to after 1543<ref>{{Cite web |last=del Torre |first=Francesca |last2=Deiters |first2=Wencke |title=Sultan Süleyman II in profile |url=https://islamicart.museumwnf.org/database_item.php?id=object;EPM;at;Mus22;10;en |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260218221639/https://islamicart.museumwnf.org/database_item.php?id=object;EPM;at;Mus22;10;en |archive-date=18 February 2026 |access-date=18 February 2026 |website=Explore Islamic Art Collections |publisher=[[Museum with No Frontiers]]}}</ref> | succession = [[Sultan of the Ottoman Empire]] ([[Padishah]]) | moretext = | reign = 30 September 1520 – {{awrap|6 September 1566}} | predecessor = [[Selim I]] | successor = [[Selim II]] | succession1 = [[Ottoman Caliphate|Ottoman caliph]] (''[[Amir al-Mu'minin]]'') | predecessor1 = Selim I | successor1 = Selim II | birth_date = 6 November 1494<ref name= AG-BM-encyc>{{Cite book |last=Ágoston |first=Gábor |editor-last=Ágoston |editor-first=Gábor |editor-first2= Bruce |editor-last2= Masters |title=Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire |chapter=Süleyman I |date=2009}}</ref>{{rp|541}} | birth_place = [[Trabzon]], [[Trebizond Eyalet|Trabzon Eyalet]], [[Ottoman Empire]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|1566|09|06|1494|11|06|df=y}}<ref name= AG-BM-encyc />{{rp|545}} | death_place = [[Szigetvár]], [[Kingdom of Hungary (1526–1867)|Kingdom of Hungary]] | burial_place = {{Indented plainlist| * Organs buried at [[Turbék]], Szigetvár, Hungary * Body buried at [[Süleymaniye Mosque]], Istanbul, Turkey }} | spouse = {{marriage|[[Hürrem Sultan]]|May 1534|15 April 1558|end=died}}<ref name="Peirce 2017">{{Harvnb|Peirce|2017|pages=114}}</ref><br/>[[Mahidevran Hatun]] | spouse-type = Peureumoësuri | issue = {{plainlist| * Şehzade Mahmud * Şehzade Murad * [[Şehzade Mustafa (son of Suleiman the Magnificent)|Şehzade Mustafa]] * [[Raziye Sultan]] * [[Şehzade Mehmed]] * [[Mihrimah Sultan (daughter of Suleiman I)|Mihrimah Sultan]] * [[Selim II]] * [[Şehzade Abdullah (son of Suleiman the Magnificent)|Şehzade Abdullah]] * [[Şehzade Bayezid]] * [[Şehzade Cihangir]] }} | full name = Süleyman Şah bin Selim Şah Han<ref>{{cite book|title=Manuscript and Ferman Ornamentation Art in the Ottoman Empire|author1=Hüseyin Odabaş|author2=Coşkun Odabaş|page=123|year=2015}}</ref> | house = [[Ottoman dynasty|Ottoman]] | house-type = Dynasty | father = [[Selim I]] | mother = [[Hafsa Sultan]] | signature_type = [[Tughra]] | religion = [[Sunni Islam]] | burial_date = | signature = Tughra of Suleiman I the Magnificent.svg }} '''Suleiman I''' {{Efn|({{langx|ota|سلیمان اول|Süleymân-ı Evvel}}; {{langx|tr|I. Süleyman}}, {{IPA|tr|biɾinˈdʒi sylejˈman|ipa}}; 6 November 1494}} (6 Buleuen Siblaih 1494 – 6 Buleuen Sikureueng 1566), nyang umum geuturi ngon nan '''Suleiman Rayek''' atawa '''Suleiman al-Kanuni''', nakeuh sultan Utsmaniyah nibak thôn 1520 sampoë 1566.  Peumeurintahan nyang paléng panyang di antara sultan-sultan Usumani nyang la'en, peumeurèntahan gobnyan troh bak puncak nyang that meuceuhu lam keukuatan ekonomi, militè ngon peuliték [[Turuki Utsmani|Keurajeuën Usumani]], ngon yoh masa nyan teu'ék jomeulah rakyat Keurajeuën nyan seutidak jih 25 juta droe ureung. == Nè == <references /> 44a02m6o4maiclu5eus1otvbpge1o34 157876 157875 2026-04-22T08:27:21Z Tinta Emas Historia Network 33174 157876 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox royalty | name = Suleiman I | title = {{unbulleted list|[[Peulindong duwa kuta suci]]|Raja Bagheudad di Irak<ref name=caesar>{{cite book|title=medieval worlds comparative & interdisciplinary studies|volume=14|year=2021|chapter=These are the narratives of bygone years: Conquest of a Fortress as a Source of Legitimacy|author=Dimitri Korobeinikov|url=https://www.medievalworlds.net/0xc1aa5576%200x003d0810.pdf|publisher=Austrian Academy of Sciences Press|quote=That the Ottomans might have had a different view was demonstrated by Sultan Sulaymān the Magnificent, who called himself the shah of Baghdad in ‘Iraq (Shah-i Bagdād-i ‘Irāq), the Caesar of Rome (qayṣar-i Rūm), and the sultan in Egypt (Miṣra (i.e. Mısıra) Sulṭān) in the inscription in the fortress of Bender (Bendery, Tighina) in Moldova, AH 945 (29 May 1538–18 May 1539). The title qayṣar-i Rūm (Caesar of Rome) was a traditional designation of the Byzantine emperor in Persian and Ottoman sources (from the Arabic al-qayṣar al-Rūm).|page=180}}</ref>|Sôleutan Meusé<ref name=caesar />|Kaisa Roma<ref name=caesar />|[[Khagan]]<ref>{{cite book|title=Oriental Translation Fund|volume=33|year=1834|page=19}}</ref>}} | titletext = | more = | image = EmperorSuleiman.jpg | alt = | caption = Portrait attributed to circle of [[Titian]] and dated to after 1543<ref>{{Cite web |last=del Torre |first=Francesca |last2=Deiters |first2=Wencke |title=Sultan Süleyman II in profile |url=https://islamicart.museumwnf.org/database_item.php?id=object;EPM;at;Mus22;10;en |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260218221639/https://islamicart.museumwnf.org/database_item.php?id=object;EPM;at;Mus22;10;en |archive-date=18 February 2026 |access-date=18 February 2026 |website=Explore Islamic Art Collections |publisher=[[Museum with No Frontiers]]}}</ref> | succession = Sôleutan Keurajeuën Usumani ([[Padisyah]]) | moretext = | reign = 30 September 1520 – {{awrap|6 September 1566}} | predecessor = [[Selim I]] | successor = [[Selim II]] | succession1 = Kalipah Usumani (''[[Amir al-Mu'minin]]'') | predecessor1 = Selim I | successor1 = Selim II | birth_date = 6 November 1494<ref name= AG-BM-encyc>{{Cite book |last=Ágoston |first=Gábor |editor-last=Ágoston |editor-first=Gábor |editor-first2= Bruce |editor-last2= Masters |title=Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire |chapter=Süleyman I |date=2009}}</ref>{{rp|541}} | birth_place = [[Trabzon]], [[Trebizond Eyalet|Trabzon Eyalet]], [[Ottoman Empire]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|1566|09|06|1494|11|06|df=y}}<ref name= AG-BM-encyc />{{rp|545}} | death_place = [[Szigetvár]], [[Kingdom of Hungary (1526–1867)|Kingdom of Hungary]] | burial_place = {{Indented plainlist| * Organs buried at [[Turbék]], Szigetvár, Hungary * Body buried at [[Süleymaniye Mosque]], Istanbul, Turkey }} | spouse = {{marriage|[[Hürrem Sultan]]|May 1534|15 April 1558|end=died}}<ref name="Peirce 2017">{{Harvnb|Peirce|2017|pages=114}}</ref><br/>[[Mahidevran Hatun]] | spouse-type = Peureumoësuri | issue = {{plainlist| * Şehzade Mahmud * Şehzade Murad * [[Şehzade Mustafa (son of Suleiman the Magnificent)|Şehzade Mustafa]] * [[Raziye Sultan]] * [[Şehzade Mehmed]] * [[Mihrimah Sultan (daughter of Suleiman I)|Mihrimah Sultan]] * [[Selim II]] * [[Şehzade Abdullah (son of Suleiman the Magnificent)|Şehzade Abdullah]] * [[Şehzade Bayezid]] * [[Şehzade Cihangir]] }} | full name = Süleyman Şah bin Selim Şah Han<ref>{{cite book|title=Manuscript and Ferman Ornamentation Art in the Ottoman Empire|author1=Hüseyin Odabaş|author2=Coşkun Odabaş|page=123|year=2015}}</ref> | house = [[Ottoman dynasty|Ottoman]] | house-type = Dynasty | father = [[Selim I]] | mother = [[Hafsa Sultan]] | signature_type = [[Tughra]] | religion = [[Sunni Islam]] | burial_date = | signature = Tughra of Suleiman I the Magnificent.svg }} '''Suleiman I''' {{Efn|({{langx|ota|سلیمان اول|Süleymân-ı Evvel}}; {{langx|tr|I. Süleyman}}, {{IPA|tr|biɾinˈdʒi sylejˈman|ipa}}; 6 November 1494}} (6 Buleuen Siblaih 1494 – 6 Buleuen Sikureueng 1566), nyang umum geuturi ngon nan '''Suleiman Rayek''' atawa '''Suleiman al-Kanuni''', nakeuh sultan Utsmaniyah nibak thôn 1520 sampoë 1566.  Peumeurintahan nyang paléng panyang di antara sultan-sultan Usumani nyang la'en, peumeurèntahan gobnyan troh bak puncak nyang that meuceuhu lam keukuatan ekonomi, militè ngon peuliték [[Turuki Utsmani|Keurajeuën Usumani]], ngon yoh masa nyan teu'ék jomeulah rakyat Keurajeuën nyan seutidak jih 25 juta droe ureung. == Nè == <references /> exypcrvuig6mqeoaauiif8fsh16hbfi 10 33631 157877 2026-04-22T08:28:40Z Tinta Emas Historia Network 33174 Geupeugöt laman ngön asoë '{{plainlist|class={{{class|}}}|style=margin-left:{{{in|{{{indent|1em}}}}}};text-indent:-{{{in|{{{indent|1em}}}}}};{{{style|}}}}}{{#if:{{{1|}}}| {{{1}}} {{endplainlist}}}}<noinclude></div> {{documentation}} </noinclude>' 157877 wikitext text/x-wiki {{plainlist|class={{{class|}}}|style=margin-left:{{{in|{{{indent|1em}}}}}};text-indent:-{{{in|{{{indent|1em}}}}}};{{{style|}}}}}{{#if:{{{1|}}}| {{{1}}} {{endplainlist}}}}<noinclude></div> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 9pwqbwr77qreu5ic9nufyjxuxbhv4cn 10 33632 157878 2026-04-22T08:30:48Z Tinta Emas Historia Network 33174 Geupeugöt laman ngön asoë '{{#if:{{{needed|}}}|{{page needed|date={{{date|}}}|reason={{{reason|}}}}}|{{r/superscript |prefix={{#switch:{{{style|}}}|AMA|Ama|ama=(|&#58;&hairsp;}} |suffix={{#switch:{{{style|}}}|AMA|Ama|ama=)|&hairsp;}} |pp={{#switch:{{{style|}}}|AMA|Ama|ama={{#if:{{{no-pp|{{{nopp|}}}}}}||{{#if:{{{pages|{{{pp|}}}}}}|pp|{{#if:{{{page|{{{p|}}}}}}|p}}}}}}}}<!-- p/pp is only used in superscript label, therefore it does not contain any qp params --> |leadin={{#switch:{{{quotati...' 157878 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#if:{{{needed|}}}|{{page needed|date={{{date|}}}|reason={{{reason|}}}}}|{{r/superscript |prefix={{#switch:{{{style|}}}|AMA|Ama|ama=(|&#58;&hairsp;}} |suffix={{#switch:{{{style|}}}|AMA|Ama|ama=)|&hairsp;}} |pp={{#switch:{{{style|}}}|AMA|Ama|ama={{#if:{{{no-pp|{{{nopp|}}}}}}||{{#if:{{{pages|{{{pp|}}}}}}|pp|{{#if:{{{page|{{{p|}}}}}}|p}}}}}}}}<!-- p/pp is only used in superscript label, therefore it does not contain any qp params --> |leadin={{#switch:{{{quotation-pages|{{{quote-pages|{{{qpp|{{{quotation-page|{{{quote-page|{{{qp|{{{quotation-location|{{{quote-location|{{{quote-loc|{{{quote-at|}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}|pages|pp|page|p={{#if:{{{pages|{{{pp|}}}}}}|Pages|{{#if:{{{page|{{{p|}}}}}}|Page|{{#if:{{{location|{{{loc|{{{at|}}}}}}}}}|Location|Page&nbsp;/ location}}}}}}|{{#if:{{{quotation-pages|{{{quote-pages|{{{qpp|}}}}}}}}}|Pages|{{#if:{{{quotation-page|{{{quote-page|{{{qp|}}}}}}}}}|Page|{{#if:{{{quotation-location|{{{quote-location|{{{quote-loc|{{{quote-at|}}}}}}}}}}}}|Location|{{#if:{{{pages|{{{pp|}}}}}}|Pages|{{#if:{{{page|{{{p|}}}}}}|Page|{{#if:{{{location|{{{loc|{{{at|}}}}}}}}}|Location|Page&nbsp;/ 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asoë '<!-- Only for internal use: |wrap=n[o]/y[es]/f[orced] |leadin=value |prefix=value |pp=value |where=value |sup-where=value |quote-where=value |quote=value |language=value |translation=value |suffix=value -->{{#if:{{{where|}}}|<sup class="reference {{#switch:{{{wrap|}}}|f|forced=|no}}wrap">{{#if:{{{quote|}}}|{{{prefix|}}}}}<span title="<!--{{#invoke:String|replace|source={{#invoke:String|replace|source={{#invoke:String|replace|source=-->{{#invoke:DecodeEncode|en...' 157882 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- Only for internal use: |wrap=n[o]/y[es]/f[orced] |leadin=value |prefix=value |pp=value |where=value |sup-where=value |quote-where=value |quote=value |language=value |translation=value |suffix=value -->{{#if:{{{where|}}}|<sup class="reference {{#switch:{{{wrap|}}}|f|forced=|no}}wrap">{{#if:{{{quote|}}}|{{{prefix|}}}}}<span title="<!--{{#invoke:String|replace|source={{#invoke:String|replace|source={{#invoke:String|replace|source=-->{{#invoke:DecodeEncode|encode|s={{#invoke:Plain 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This also breaks plainlinks/stripmarkers/catlinks testcases {{#invoke:String|replace|source=-->{{{pp|}}}{{{sup-where|}}}<!--| |&thinsp;}}-->{{#if:{{{quote|}}}||{{{suffix|}}}}}</span>{{#if:{{{quote|}}}|{{{suffix|}}}}}</sup>}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 22g3bs29xtxbylktrw44som0gdq46f9 828 33635 157883 2026-04-22T09:42:29Z Tinta Emas Historia Network 33174 Geupeugöt laman ngön asoë 'require('strict') local p = {} local function _getBoolean( boolean_str ) -- from: module:String; adapted -- requires an explicit true local boolean_value if type( boolean_str ) == 'string' then boolean_str = boolean_str:lower() if boolean_str == 'true' or boolean_str == 'yes' or boolean_str == '1' then boolean_value = true else boolean_value = false end elseif type( boolean_str ) == 'boolean' then boolean_value = boolean_str else bool...' 157883 Scribunto text/plain require('strict') local p = {} local function _getBoolean( boolean_str ) -- from: module:String; adapted -- requires an explicit true local boolean_value if type( boolean_str ) == 'string' then boolean_str = boolean_str:lower() if boolean_str == 'true' or boolean_str == 'yes' or boolean_str == '1' then boolean_value = true else boolean_value = false end elseif type( boolean_str ) == 'boolean' then boolean_value = boolean_str else boolean_value = false end return boolean_value end function p.decode( frame ) local s = frame.args['s'] or '' local subset_only = _getBoolean(frame.args['subset_only'] or false) return p._decode( s, subset_only ) end function p._decode( s, subset_only ) -- U+2009 THIN SPACE: workaround for bug: HTML entity &thinsp; is decoded incorrect. Entity &ThinSpace; gets decoded properly s = mw.ustring.gsub( s, '&thinsp;', '&ThinSpace;' ) -- U+03B5 ε GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON: workaround for bug (phab:T328840): HTML entity &epsilon; is decoded incorrect for gsub(). Entity &epsi; gets decoded properly s = mw.ustring.gsub( s, '&epsilon;', '&epsi;' ) local ret = mw.text.decode( s, not subset_only ) return ret end function p.encode( frame ) local s = frame.args['s'] or '' local charset = frame.args['charset'] return p._encode( s, charset ) end function p._encode( s, charset ) -- example: charset = '_&©−°\\\"\'\=' -- do escape with backslash not %; local ret if charset and charset ~= '' then ret = mw.text.encode( s, charset ) else -- use default: chartset = '<>&"\' ' (outer quotes = lua required; space = NBSP) ret = mw.text.encode( s ) end return ret end return p i6pnw8l3pyqcqxofzxz6auze5i1q3g8 10 33636 157884 2026-04-22T09:43:40Z Tinta Emas Historia Network 33174 Geupeugöt laman ngön asoë '<!-- Only for internal use: |plural=pages |singular=page |location=in-source-location |spacing=character -->{{#if:{{{plural|}}}|{{{plural|}}}{{#if:{{{singular|}}}|,{{{spacing|}}}[{{{singular|}}}]}}|{{{singular|}}}}}{{#if:{{{location|}}}|{{#if:{{{plural|}}}{{{singular|}}}|,{{{spacing|}}}}}{{{location|}}}}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude>' 157884 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- Only for internal use: |plural=pages |singular=page |location=in-source-location |spacing=character -->{{#if:{{{plural|}}}|{{{plural|}}}{{#if:{{{singular|}}}|,{{{spacing|}}}[{{{singular|}}}]}}|{{{singular|}}}}}{{#if:{{{location|}}}|{{#if:{{{plural|}}}{{{singular|}}}|,{{{spacing|}}}}}{{{location|}}}}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> htr6zdsd2hzibyyyluzuev6mootkpq2 10 33637 157885 2026-04-22T09:44:55Z Tinta Emas Historia Network 33174 Geupeugöt laman ngön asoë '{{Documentation subpage}} {{High-use}} <!-- Add categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata --> This is a subtemplate, implementing the pages/page/in-source-location combinating piece of [[Template:R]] for a single ref name. == Usage == For internal use only: {{para|plural|''pages''}} {{para|singular|''page''}} {{para|location|''in-source-location''}} {{para|spacing|''character''}} Note: This subtemplate is used by {{t...' 157885 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{High-use}} <!-- Add categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata --> This is a subtemplate, implementing the pages/page/in-source-location combinating piece of [[Template:R]] for a single ref name. == Usage == For internal use only: {{para|plural|''pages''}} {{para|singular|''page''}} {{para|location|''in-source-location''}} {{para|spacing|''character''}} Note: This subtemplate is used by {{tl|r/ref}} and {{tl|rp}} (and indirectly also by {{tl|ran}}. == Examples == *{{R/where|location=note 3}} *{{R/where|singular=3}} *{{R/where|plural=1, 3, 4}} *{{R/where|singular=3|plural=1, 3, 4|spacing=&#32;}} *{{R/where|singular=3|location=note 3|spacing=&#32;}} *{{R/where|plural=1, 3, 4|location=note 3|spacing=&#32;}} *{{R/where|singular=3|plural=1, 3, 4|location=note 3|spacing=&#32;}} <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line; interwikis at Wikidata --> }}</includeonly> kpmgveb1xd2drsldz1i9n9q8kck5y69 828 33638 157886 2026-04-22T09:46:54Z Tinta Emas Historia Network 33174 Geupeugöt laman ngön asoë '{{Module rating |general}} <!-- Please place categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata (see [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]) --> {{High-use}} Implements Lua functions [[:mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua_reference_manual#mw.text.decode|mw.text.decode]], [[:mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua_reference_manual#mw.text.encode|mw.text.encode]] in a module. :<code><nowiki>{{#invoke:decodeEncode|decode|s=Source&amp;nbsp;text&amp;copy;}}</nowiki></cod...' 157886 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Module rating |general}} <!-- Please place categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata (see [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]) --> {{High-use}} Implements Lua functions [[:mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua_reference_manual#mw.text.decode|mw.text.decode]], [[:mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua_reference_manual#mw.text.encode|mw.text.encode]] in a module. :<code><nowiki>{{#invoke:decodeEncode|decode|s=Source&amp;nbsp;text&amp;copy;}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; <code><nowiki>Source&nbsp;text&copy;</nowiki></code> See [[List of XML and HTML character entity references]]. == Decode ({{mono|1=&amp;copy;}} &rarr; ©) <span class="anchor" id="Decode"></span>== {{hatnote|See {{slink||Known issues}} for possible THIN SPACE, epsilon issues}} :Decodes [[List of XML and HTML character entity references|Named Entities]] ''from'' entity name ''into'' a regular (unicode) character: :<code>&amp;copy;</code> &rarr; <code>&copy;</code> :<code>&amp;gt;</code> &rarr; <code>></code> All well-defined named entities are decoded ([https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/named-characters.html#named-character-references HTML Named character references], formally: as defined in the [https://www.php.net/get_html_translation_table PHP table]). :A regular, rendered sentence: ::"At 100 °F, & with a "burning" sun above, we , we ⁄walked⁄." :In code: ::"<code>At 100&amp;nbsp;&amp;deg;F, &amp; with a &amp;quot;burning&amp;quot; sun above, we &amp;frasl;walked&amp;frasl;.</code>" -- wikitext :Processing: :<code><nowiki>{{#invoke:decodeEncode|decode|s=At 100&nbsp;&deg;F, &amp; with a &quot;burning&quot; sun above, we &frasl;walked&frasl;.}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; ::<code>{{#invoke:decodeEncode|decode|s=At 100&nbsp;&deg;F, &amp; with a &quot;burning&quot; sun above, we &frasl;walked&frasl;.}}</code> -- In code: straight characters, no named entities. :Renders, again: ::"At 100 °F, & with a "burning" sun above, we ⁄walked⁄." ===Decode a reduced set only=== By setting {{para|subset_only|true}}, only these five entity names are decoded: '&amp;lt;', '&amp;gt;', '&amp;amp;', '&amp;quot;', '&amp;nbsp;' (that is, into '&lt;', '&gt;', '&amp;', '&quot;', '&nbsp;'). :'''Note''': There is a difference with the relevant Lua parameter. (This only concerns your task if you also work directly with the Lua mw.text.decode function). Lua documentation defines parameter {{para|decodeNamedEntities}}, having this effect: when ''omitted or false'', only the reduced set of entities is recognized and decoded. This use of 'false' is ''inverted'' in using {{para|subset_only}}: {{para|decodeNamedEntities|false}} = {{para|subset_only|true}}. :Also, this module ignores the "omitted" logic: {{para|subset_only}} should be set explicitly to 'true' to be effective. == Encode (© &rarr; {{mono|1=&amp;copy;}}) <span class="anchor" id="Encode"></span>== :Function <code>encode</code> encodes some entity-named characters into that name (for example: <code>&</code> &rarr; <code>&amp;amp;</code>). Regular sentence: :"At >100 °F, & with a "burning" sun above, we walked. ©" In code: :"<code><nowiki>At >100 °F, & with a "burning" sun above, we walked. ©</nowiki></code>" Encode: :<code><nowiki>{{#invoke:decodeEncode|encode|s=At >100 °F, & with a "burning" sun above, we walked. ©|charset=&<>{{!}}°"'&©}}</nowiki></code> :&rarr; :<code><nowiki>At &amp;gt;100 &amp;#176;F, &amp;amp; with a &amp;quot;burning&amp;quot; sun above, we walked. &amp;#169;</nowiki></code><!-- used Special:ExpandTemplate --> :Renders as: :"At &gt;100 &#176;F, &amp; with a &quot;burning&quot; sun above, we walked. &#169;" ===character set to encode=== Per Lua documentation, only a small set of characters is processed. The characterset can be set (expanded) by using {{para|charset}}. :Example: {{para|charset|<nowiki><>" \'&</nowiki>}} (the default), {{para|charset|<nowiki><>°"'&©{{!}}</nowiki>}}; characters not in the default will be replaced by their decimal entity: <code>©</code> &rarr; <code>&amp;#169;</code> <small>(hexadecimal number, not decimal nor named &amp;copy;)</small> ==Known issues <span class="anchor" id="Template"></span>== * 13 Sep 2021: NOTE: The encode function with user-supplied charset is now used productively in {{tl|R/superscript}} and {{tl|R/ref}}. Before implementing breaking changes here, these templates need to be adjusted accordingly! * 26 Sep 2021: {{unichar|2009|THIN SPACE|html=}} :Note: Possible bug: Decoding <code>&amp;ThinSpace;</code> works, but <code>&amp;thinsp;</code> doesn't. :Resolved in code. * 4 Feb 2023: {{unichar|03B5|GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON|html=}} {{tracked|T328840}} :See {{slink|Module_talk:DecodeEncode|Bug_report:_bad_decoding_of_U+03B5_ε_(epsilon)}} :Resolved in code. ==See also== * [[:mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua_reference_manual#mw.text.decode|mw.text.decode]] * [[:mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua_reference_manual#mw.text.encode|mw.text.encode]] * [[:Module:Urldecode]] {{Navbox wikitext-handling templates}} <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Wikitext processing templates]] [[Category:Modules that manipulate strings]] [[Category:Template metamodules]] }}</includeonly><noinclude> [[Category:Module documentation pages]] </noinclude> fb84jytdmk2gclfvs5rr9wkm6c3nj8y 10 33639 157887 2026-04-22T09:57:47Z Tinta Emas Historia Network 33174 Geupeugöt laman ngön asoë '<includeonly><!-- ### 1 ### -->{{r/ref|{{{name1|{{{name|{{{n1|{{{n|{{{1|}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}|{{{group|{{{grp|{{{g|}}}}}}}}}|direction={{{direction1|{{{direction|{{{dir1|{{{dir|}}}}}}}}}}}} |page{{#if:{{{page1|{{{page|{{{p1|{{{1p|{{{p|}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}||NULL}}={{{page1|{{{page|{{{p1|{{{1p|{{{p|}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} |pages{{#if:{{{pages1|{{{pages|{{{pp1|{{{1pp|{{{pp|}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}||NULL}}={{{pages1|{{{pages|{{{pp1|{{{1pp|{{{pp|}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} |location{{#if:{{{location1|{{{...' 157887 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly><!-- ### 1 ### -->{{r/ref|{{{name1|{{{name|{{{n1|{{{n|{{{1|}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}|{{{group|{{{grp|{{{g|}}}}}}}}}|direction={{{direction1|{{{direction|{{{dir1|{{{dir|}}}}}}}}}}}} |page{{#if:{{{page1|{{{page|{{{p1|{{{1p|{{{p|}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}||NULL}}={{{page1|{{{page|{{{p1|{{{1p|{{{p|}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} |pages{{#if:{{{pages1|{{{pages|{{{pp1|{{{1pp|{{{pp|}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}||NULL}}={{{pages1|{{{pages|{{{pp1|{{{1pp|{{{pp|}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} |location{{#if:{{{location1|{{{location|{{{loc1|{{{1loc|{{{loc|{{{at1|{{{at|}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}||NULL}}={{{location1|{{{location|{{{loc1|{{{1loc|{{{loc|{{{at1|{{{at|}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} |quote-page{{#if:{{{quotation-page1|{{{quotation-page|{{{quote-page1|{{{quote-page|{{{qp1|{{{qp|}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}||NULL}}={{{quotation-page1|{{{quotation-page|{{{quote-page1|{{{quote-page|{{{qp1|{{{qp|}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} |quote-pages{{#if:{{{quotation-pages1|{{{quotation-pages|{{{quote-pages1|{{{quote-pages|{{{qpp1|{{{qpp|}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}||NULL}}={{{quotation-pages1|{{{quotation-pages|{{{quote-pages1|{{{quote-pages|{{{qpp1|{{{qpp|}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} |quote-location{{#if:{{{quotation-location1|{{{quotation-location|{{{quote-location1|{{{quote-location|{{{quote-loc1|{{{quote-loc|{{{quote-at1|{{{quote-at|}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}||NULL}}={{{quotation-location1|{{{quotation-location|{{{quote-location1|{{{quote-location|{{{quote-loc1|{{{quote-loc|{{{quote-at1|{{{quote-at|}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} |quote={{{quotation1|{{{quotation|{{{quote1|{{{quote|{{{q1|{{{q|}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} |language={{{quotation-language1|{{{quotation-language|{{{quote-language1|{{{quote-language|{{{quotation-lang1|{{{quotation-lang|{{{quote-lang1|{{{quote-lang|{{{ql1|{{{ql|{{{language1|{{{language|{{{lang1|{{{language|{{{l1|{{{l|}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} |translation={{{translation-quotation1|{{{translation-quotation|{{{trans-quotation1|{{{trans-quotation|{{{translation-quote1|{{{translation-quote|{{{trans-quote1|{{{trans-quote|{{{tq1|{{{tq|{{{translation1|{{{translation|{{{trans1|{{{trans|{{{t1|{{{t|{{{xlat1|{{{xlat|}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} |quote-cite={{{quotation-cite1|{{{quotation-cite|{{{quote-cite1|{{{quote-cite|{{{qc1|{{{qc|}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} |reference={{{reference1|{{{references|{{{reference|{{{notes|{{{note|{{{content|{{{text|{{{refn1|{{{refn|{{{refs|{{{r1|{{{r|}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} |annotation={{{annotation1|{{{annotation|{{{annot1|{{{annot|{{{a1|{{{a|}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} |leadin={{{leadin|}}} |postscript={{{postscript|{{{postscript1|{{{ps|{{{ps1|{{{1ps|}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} |section={{{section1|{{{section|{{{sec1|{{{sec|{{{s1|{{{s|}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} |needed-reason={{{needed-reason1|{{{needed-reason|{{{needed1|{{{needed|{{{reason|}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} |needed-date={{{needed-date|{{{date|}}}}}} |wrap={{{wrap|}}} |no-pp={{{no-pp|{{{nopp|}}}}}} |style={{{style|}}} |content-id={{{ref1|{{{1ref|{{{ref|{{{id1|{{{id|}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} |link-id={{{link-id1|{{{link-id|}}}}}} |debug={{{debug|}}}}}<!-- ### 2 ### -->{{#if:{{{name2|{{{n2|{{{2|}}}}}}}}}|{{r/ref|{{{name2|{{{n2|{{{2|}}}}}}}}}|{{{group|{{{grp|{{{g|}}}}}}}}}|direction={{{direction2|{{{dir2|}}}}}} |page{{#if:{{{page2|{{{p2|{{{2p|}}}}}}}}}||NULL}}={{{page2|{{{p2|{{{2p|}}}}}}}}} |pages{{#if:{{{pages2|{{{pp2|{{{2pp|}}}}}}}}}||NULL}}={{{pages2|{{{pp2|{{{2pp|}}}}}}}}} |location{{#if:{{{location2|{{{loc2|{{{2loc|{{{at2|}}}}}}}}}}}}||NULL}}={{{location2|{{{loc2|{{{2loc|{{{at2|}}}}}}}}}}}} |quote-page{{#if:{{{quotation-page2|{{{quote-page2|{{{qp2|}}}}}}}}}||NULL}}={{{quotation-page2|{{{quote-page2|{{{qp2|}}}}}}}}} |quote-pages{{#if:{{{quotation-pages2|{{{quote-pages2|{{{qpp2|}}}}}}}}}||NULL}}={{{quotation-pages2|{{{quote-pages2|{{{qpp2|}}}}}}}}} |quote-location{{#if:{{{quotation-location2|{{{quote-location2|{{{quote-loc2|{{{quote-at2|}}}}}}}}}}}}||NULL}}={{{quotation-location2|{{{quote-location2|{{{quote-loc2|{{{quote-at2|}}}}}}}}}}}} |quote={{{quotation2|{{{quote2|{{{q2|}}}}}}}}} |language={{{quotation-language2|{{{quote-language2|{{{quotation-lang2|{{{quote-lang2|{{{ql2|{{{language2|{{{lang2|{{{l2|}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} |translation={{{translation-quotation2|{{{trans-quotation2|{{{translation-quote2|{{{trans-quote2|{{{tq2|{{{translation2|{{{trans2|{{{t2|{{{xlat2|}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} |quote-cite={{{quotation-cite2|{{{quote-cite2|{{{qc2|}}}}}}}}} |reference={{{reference2|{{{refn2|{{{r2|}}}}}}}}} |annotation={{{annotation2|{{{annot2|{{{a2|}}}}}}}}} |leadin={{{leadin|}}} |postscript={{{postscript2|{{{ps2|{{{2ps|{{{postscript|{{{ps|}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} |section={{{section2||{{{sec2|{{{s2|}}}}}}}}} |needed-reason={{{needed-reason2|{{{needed2|}}}}}} |needed-date={{{needed-date|{{{date|}}}}}} |wrap={{{wrap|}}} |no-pp={{{no-pp|{{{nopp|}}}}}} |style={{{style|}}} |content-id={{{ref2|{{{2ref|{{{id2|}}}}}}}}} |link-id={{{link-id2|}}} |debug={{{debug|}}}}}<!-- ### 3 ### -->{{#if:{{{name3|{{{n3|{{{3|}}}}}}}}}|{{r/ref|{{{name3|{{{n3|{{{3|}}}}}}}}}|{{{group|{{{grp|{{{g|}}}}}}}}}|direction={{{direction3|{{{dir3|}}}}}} |page{{#if:{{{page3|{{{p3|{{{3p|}}}}}}}}}||NULL}}={{{page3|{{{p3|{{{3p|}}}}}}}}} |pages{{#if:{{{pages3|{{{pp3|{{{3pp|}}}}}}}}}||NULL}}={{{pages3|{{{pp3|{{{3pp|}}}}}}}}} |location{{#if:{{{location3|{{{loc3|{{{3loc|{{{at3|}}}}}}}}}}}}||NULL}}={{{location3|{{{loc3|{{{3loc|{{{at3|}}}}}}}}}}}} |quote-page{{#if:{{{quotation-page3|{{{quote-page3|{{{qp3|}}}}}}}}}||NULL}}={{{quotation-page3|{{{quote-page3|{{{qp3|}}}}}}}}} |quote-pages{{#if:{{{quotation-pages3|{{{quote-pages3|{{{qpp3|}}}}}}}}}||NULL}}={{{quotation-pages3|{{{quote-pages3|{{{qpp3|}}}}}}}}} |quote-location{{#if:{{{quotation-location3|{{{quote-location3|{{{quote-loc3|{{{quote-at3|}}}}}}}}}}}}||NULL}}={{{quotation-location3|{{{quote-location3|{{{quote-loc3|{{{quote-at3|}}}}}}}}}}}} |quote={{{quotation3|{{{quote3|{{{q3|}}}}}}}}} |language={{{quotation-language3|{{{quote-language3|{{{quotation-lang3|{{{quote-lang3|{{{ql3|{{{language3|{{{lang3|{{{l3|}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} |translation={{{translation-quotation3|{{{trans-quotation3|{{{translation-quote3|{{{trans-quote3|{{{tq3|{{{translation3|{{{trans3|{{{t3|{{{xlat3|}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} |quote-cite={{{quotation-cite3|{{{quote-cite3|{{{qc3|}}}}}}}}} |reference={{{reference3|{{{refn3|{{{r3|}}}}}}}}} |annotation={{{annotation3|{{{annot3|{{{a3|}}}}}}}}} |leadin={{{leadin|}}} |postscript={{{postscript3|{{{ps3|{{{3ps|{{{postscript|{{{ps|}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} |section={{{section3||{{{sec3|{{{s3|}}}}}}}}} |needed-reason={{{needed-reason3|{{{needed3|}}}}}} |needed-date={{{needed-date|{{{date|}}}}}} |wrap={{{wrap|}}} |no-pp={{{no-pp|{{{nopp|}}}}}} |style={{{style|}}} |content-id={{{ref3|{{{3ref|{{{id3|}}}}}}}}} |link-id={{{link-id3|}}} |debug={{{debug|}}}}}<!-- ### 4 ### -->{{#if:{{{name4|{{{n4|{{{4|}}}}}}}}}|{{r/ref|{{{name4|{{{n4|{{{4|}}}}}}}}}|{{{group|{{{grp|{{{g|}}}}}}}}}|direction={{{direction4|{{{dir4|}}}}}} |page{{#if:{{{page4|{{{p4|{{{4p|}}}}}}}}}||NULL}}={{{page4|{{{p4|{{{4p|}}}}}}}}} |pages{{#if:{{{pages4|{{{pp4|{{{4pp|}}}}}}}}}||NULL}}={{{pages4|{{{pp4|{{{4pp|}}}}}}}}} |location{{#if:{{{location4|{{{loc4|{{{4loc|{{{at4|}}}}}}}}}}}}||NULL}}={{{location4|{{{loc4|{{{4loc|{{{at4|}}}}}}}}}}}} |quote-page{{#if:{{{quotation-page4|{{{quote-page4|{{{qp4|}}}}}}}}}||NULL}}={{{quotation-page4|{{{quote-page4|{{{qp4|}}}}}}}}} |quote-pages{{#if:{{{quotation-pages4|{{{quote-pages4|{{{qpp4|}}}}}}}}}||NULL}}={{{quotation-pages4|{{{quote-pages4|{{{qpp4|}}}}}}}}} 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|no-pp={{{no-pp|{{{nopp|}}}}}} |style={{{style|}}} |content-id={{{ref9|{{{9ref|{{{id9|}}}}}}}}} |link-id={{{link-id9|}}} |debug={{{debug|}}}}}<!-- ### Error handling ### -->{{#if:{{{name10|{{{n10|{{{10|}}}}}}}}}|<sup class="error" style="font-size:0.9em; line-height:0;">The template only supports up to 9 references.</sup> <!-- -->}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> jdls1u6fnd1kvoatt25nbbpw1jk5d4j 0 33640 157889 2026-04-22T10:17:39Z Tinta Emas Historia Network 33174 Dibuat dengan menerjemahkan halaman "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1344428401|Abdülmecid I]]" 157889 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abdul Mejid I''' ( Ottoman Turkish , Turkish ; 25 uroë buleuën 4 thôn 1823  25 uroë buleuën 6 thôn 1861) nakeuh soleutan keu-31 nibak Keurajeuën Utsmaniyah. Gobnyan geugantoë ayah gobnyan Mamud II bak 2 uroë buleuën 7 thôn 1839. Hase paléng rayek Abdulmejid nakeuh geupeunyata Dekrit Tanzimat bak watèe gobnyan geumat kuwasa, nyang geupeusiap lé Meuntroë Luwa Nanggroë gobnyan bak watèe nyan, Mustafa Reshid Pasha, nyang seubeutôijih ka geupeuphôn era Tanzimat, atawa era reorganisasi, lam Keurajeuën Usumaniyah. Gobnyan nakeuh sidroë raja nyang leumbôt budi, geubri keu Sublime Porte otonomi nyang geupeureulèe keu proyèk-proyèk reformasi jih. Salah saboh tujuan utama Tanzimat nakeuh keu peukong semangat Ottomanisme lamkawan millets (kawôm-kawôm agama) mangat jeuet peutheun gerakan nasionalisme nyang teungoh meukeumang lam keurajeuen nyan, tapi bahpih na hukôm-hukôm barô ngon reformasi keu peusaboh ureueng-ureueng kon-Muslim ngon kon-Turk leubeh that lam masyarakat Ottoman, bak akhé jih, gerakan nyan gagal. Abdulmejid geupeugöt aliansi ngon kuwasa-kuwasa rayek di Éropa Barat, nakeuh Inggréh Raya ngon Peurancih, nyang meuprang meusajan ngon Keurajeuën Utsmaniyah lam Prang Krimea geulawan Rusia. Bak watèe Kongres Paris bak 30 Maret 1856, Keurajeuën Utsmaniyah secara resmi geupeutamong lam Konser Éropa. Abdulmejid meuninggai donya ngon tiba-tiba kareuna sakét tuberkulosis dan geugantoë lé syèdara tirèë gobnyan, Abdul Aziz. 9uixf5uh0un36etwjfmmh6lu7o38o0z 157890 157889 2026-04-22T10:20:02Z Tinta Emas Historia Network 33174 Tinta Emas Historia Network geupinah laman [[Abdo]] u [[Abdô Majéd I]] 157889 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abdul Mejid I''' ( Ottoman Turkish , Turkish ; 25 uroë buleuën 4 thôn 1823  25 uroë buleuën 6 thôn 1861) nakeuh soleutan keu-31 nibak Keurajeuën Utsmaniyah. Gobnyan geugantoë ayah gobnyan Mamud II bak 2 uroë buleuën 7 thôn 1839. Hase paléng rayek Abdulmejid nakeuh geupeunyata Dekrit Tanzimat bak watèe gobnyan geumat kuwasa, nyang geupeusiap lé Meuntroë Luwa Nanggroë gobnyan bak watèe nyan, Mustafa Reshid Pasha, nyang seubeutôijih ka geupeuphôn era Tanzimat, atawa era reorganisasi, lam Keurajeuën Usumaniyah. Gobnyan nakeuh sidroë raja nyang leumbôt budi, geubri keu Sublime Porte otonomi nyang geupeureulèe keu proyèk-proyèk reformasi jih. Salah saboh tujuan utama Tanzimat nakeuh keu peukong semangat Ottomanisme lamkawan millets (kawôm-kawôm agama) mangat jeuet peutheun gerakan nasionalisme nyang teungoh meukeumang lam keurajeuen nyan, tapi bahpih na hukôm-hukôm barô ngon reformasi keu peusaboh ureueng-ureueng kon-Muslim ngon kon-Turk leubeh that lam masyarakat Ottoman, bak akhé jih, gerakan nyan gagal. Abdulmejid geupeugöt aliansi ngon kuwasa-kuwasa rayek di Éropa Barat, nakeuh Inggréh Raya ngon Peurancih, nyang meuprang meusajan ngon Keurajeuën Utsmaniyah lam Prang Krimea geulawan Rusia. Bak watèe Kongres Paris bak 30 Maret 1856, Keurajeuën Utsmaniyah secara resmi geupeutamong lam Konser Éropa. Abdulmejid meuninggai donya ngon tiba-tiba kareuna sakét tuberkulosis dan geugantoë lé syèdara tirèë gobnyan, Abdul Aziz. 9uixf5uh0un36etwjfmmh6lu7o38o0z 157892 157890 2026-04-22T10:21:46Z Tinta Emas Historia Network 33174 157892 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox royalty | name = Abdô Majéd I | title = [[Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques]]<br />[[Khan (title)|Khan]] | titletext = | more = | image = Sultan Abdülmecid'in şehzadelik zamanları.jpg | image_size = | alt = | caption = Portrait by Konstantin Cretius | succession = [[List of sultans of the Ottoman Empire|Sultan of the Ottoman Empire]] ([[Padishah]]) | moretext = | reign = 2 July 1839{{snd}} 25 June 1861 | coronation = | cor-type = | predecessor = [[Mahmud II]] | reg-type = [[List of Ottoman Grand Viziers|Grand Viziers]] | regent = {{collapsible list|title=''See list''|1=[[Koca Hüsrev Mehmed Pasha|Husrev Pasha]] <br /> [[Sadık Rıfat Pasha]] <br /> [[Mehmed Emin Rauf Pasha]] <br /> [[Ibrahim Sarim Pasha]] <br /> [[Topal Izzet Mehmed Pasha]] <br /> [[Mustafa Reşid Pasha]] <br /> [[Mehmed Emin Âli Pasha]] <br /> [[Damat Mehmed Ali Pasha]] <br /> [[Mustafa Naili Pasha]] <br /> [[Kıbrıslı Mehmed Emin Pasha]] <br /> [[Mehmed Rushdi Pasha]]}} | successor = [[Abdulaziz]] | succession2 = [[Ottoman Caliph]] (''[[Amir al-Mu'minin]]'') | predecessor2 = Mahmud II | successor2 = Abdulaziz | birth_date = 25 April 1823<ref name=EB>{{cite encyclopedia |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |title=Abdulmecid I |edition=online|access-date=27 December 2019|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica Inc. |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Abdulmecid-I}}</ref><ref>There are sources that state his birth date as 23 April.</ref> | birth_place = [[Constantinople]], [[Ottoman Empire]] | death_date = {{death date and age|1861|6|25|1823|4|23|df=y}} | death_place = Constantinople, Ottoman Empire | burial_date = | burial_place = [[Yavuz Selim Mosque]], [[Fatih]], Istanbul | spouse = [[Servetseza Kadın]]<br />[[Şevkefza Kadın]]<br />[[Tirimüjgan Kadın]]<br />[[Verdicenan Kadın]]<br />[[Gülcemal Kadın]]<br />[[Gülistu Kadın]]<br />[[Rahime Perestu Sultan|Rahime Perestu Kadın]]<br />[[Bezmiara Kadın]]<br />[[Mahitab Kadın]]<br />[[Düzdidil Hanım]]<br />[[Nükhetseza Hanım]]<br />[[Zeynifelek Hanım]]<br />[[Nesrin Hanım]]<br />[[Ceylanyar Hanım]]<br />[[Serfiraz Hanım]]<br />[[Nalandil Hanım]]<br />[[Navekimisal Hanım]]<br />[[Nergizev Hanım]]<br />[[Şayeste Hanım]]<br />[[#Consorts|Others]] | spouse-type = Consorts | issue = {{Collapsible list |title=''See''| *[[Murad V]] *[[Abdul Hamid II]] *[[Fatma Sultan (daughter of Abdulmejid I)|Fatma Sultan]] *[[Refia Sultan (daughter of Abdulmejid I)|Refia Sultan]] *[[Cemile Sultan]] *[[Mehmed V]] *[[Münire Sultan (daughter of Abdulmejid I)|Münire Sultan]] *[[Şehzade Ahmed Kemaleddin]] *[[Behice Sultan]] *[[Şehzade Mehmed Burhaneddin (son of Abdulmejid I)|Şehzade Mehmed Burhaneddin]] *[[Seniha Sultan]] *[[Şehzade Ahmed Nureddin (son of Abdulmejid I)|Şehzade Ahmed Nureddin]] *[[Mediha Sultan]] *[[Naile Sultan (daughter of Abdulmejid I)|Naile Sultan]] *[[Şehzade Selim Süleyman]] *[[Mehmed VI]]}} | issue-link = #Sons | issue-pipe = Among others | full name = Abdülmecid Han bin Mahmud<ref>Garo Kürkman, (1991), ''Osmanlılarda Ölçü Ve Tartılar'', p. 61</ref> | house = [[Ottoman dynasty|Ottoman]] | house-type = Dynasty | father = [[Mahmud II]] | mother = [[Bezmiâlem Sultan]] | religion = [[Sunni Islam]] | signature = Tughra of Abdülmecid I.svg | signature_type = [[Tughra]] }} '''Abdul Mejid I''' ( Ottoman Turkish , Turkish ; 25 uroë buleuën 4 thôn 1823  25 uroë buleuën 6 thôn 1861) nakeuh soleutan keu-31 nibak Keurajeuën Utsmaniyah. Gobnyan geugantoë ayah gobnyan Mamud II bak 2 uroë buleuën 7 thôn 1839. Hase paléng rayek Abdulmejid nakeuh geupeunyata Dekrit Tanzimat bak watèe gobnyan geumat kuwasa, nyang geupeusiap lé Meuntroë Luwa Nanggroë gobnyan bak watèe nyan, Mustafa Reshid Pasha, nyang seubeutôijih ka geupeuphôn era Tanzimat, atawa era reorganisasi, lam Keurajeuën Usumaniyah. Gobnyan nakeuh sidroë raja nyang leumbôt budi, geubri keu Sublime Porte otonomi nyang geupeureulèe keu proyèk-proyèk reformasi jih. Salah saboh tujuan utama Tanzimat nakeuh keu peukong semangat Ottomanisme lamkawan millets (kawôm-kawôm agama) mangat jeuet peutheun gerakan nasionalisme nyang teungoh meukeumang lam keurajeuen nyan, tapi bahpih na hukôm-hukôm barô ngon reformasi keu peusaboh ureueng-ureueng kon-Muslim ngon kon-Turk leubeh that lam masyarakat Ottoman, bak akhé jih, gerakan nyan gagal. Abdulmejid geupeugöt aliansi ngon kuwasa-kuwasa rayek di Éropa Barat, nakeuh Inggréh Raya ngon Peurancih, nyang meuprang meusajan ngon Keurajeuën Utsmaniyah lam Prang Krimea geulawan Rusia. Bak watèe Kongres Paris bak 30 Maret 1856, Keurajeuën Utsmaniyah secara resmi geupeutamong lam Konser Éropa. Abdulmejid meuninggai donya ngon tiba-tiba kareuna sakét tuberkulosis dan geugantoë lé syèdara tirèë gobnyan, Abdul Aziz. bospjx28zf6hfbuem8tnm7l41wj23mq 157893 157892 2026-04-22T10:39:59Z Tinta Emas Historia Network 33174 157893 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox royalty | name = Abdô Majéd I | title = [[Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques]]<br />[[Khan (title)|Khan]] | titletext = | more = | image = Sultan Abdülmecid'in şehzadelik zamanları.jpg | image_size = | alt = | caption = Portrait by Konstantin Cretius | succession = [[List of sultans of the Ottoman Empire|Sultan of the Ottoman Empire]] ([[Padishah]]) | moretext = | reign = 2 July 1839{{snd}} 25 June 1861 | coronation = | cor-type = | predecessor = [[Mahmud II]] | reg-type = [[List of Ottoman Grand Viziers|Grand Viziers]] | regent = {{collapsible list|title=''See list''|1=[[Koca Hüsrev Mehmed Pasha|Husrev Pasha]] <br /> [[Sadık Rıfat Pasha]] <br /> [[Mehmed Emin Rauf Pasha]] <br /> [[Ibrahim Sarim Pasha]] <br /> [[Topal Izzet Mehmed Pasha]] <br /> [[Mustafa Reşid Pasha]] <br /> [[Mehmed Emin Âli Pasha]] <br /> [[Damat Mehmed Ali Pasha]] <br /> [[Mustafa Naili Pasha]] <br /> [[Kıbrıslı Mehmed Emin Pasha]] <br /> [[Mehmed Rushdi Pasha]]}} | successor = [[Abdulaziz]] | succession2 = [[Ottoman Caliph]] (''[[Amir al-Mu'minin]]'') | predecessor2 = Mahmud II | successor2 = Abdulaziz | birth_date = 25 April 1823<ref name=EB>{{cite encyclopedia |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |title=Abdulmecid I |edition=online|access-date=27 December 2019|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica Inc. |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Abdulmecid-I}}</ref><ref>There are sources that state his birth date as 23 April.</ref> | birth_place = [[Constantinople]], [[Ottoman Empire]] | death_date = {{death date and age|1861|6|25|1823|4|23|df=y}} | death_place = Constantinople, Ottoman Empire | burial_date = | burial_place = [[Yavuz Selim Mosque]], [[Fatih]], Istanbul | spouse = [[Servetseza Kadın]]<br />[[Şevkefza Kadın]]<br />[[Tirimüjgan Kadın]]<br />[[Verdicenan Kadın]]<br />[[Gülcemal Kadın]]<br />[[Gülistu Kadın]]<br />[[Rahime Perestu Sultan|Rahime Perestu Kadın]]<br />[[Bezmiara Kadın]]<br />[[Mahitab Kadın]]<br />[[Düzdidil Hanım]]<br />[[Nükhetseza Hanım]]<br />[[Zeynifelek Hanım]]<br />[[Nesrin Hanım]]<br />[[Ceylanyar Hanım]]<br />[[Serfiraz Hanım]]<br />[[Nalandil Hanım]]<br />[[Navekimisal Hanım]]<br />[[Nergizev Hanım]]<br />[[Şayeste Hanım]]<br />[[#Consorts|Others]] | spouse-type = Consorts | issue = {{Collapsible list |title=''See''| *[[Murad V]] *[[Abdul Hamid II]] *[[Fatma Sultan (daughter of Abdulmejid I)|Fatma Sultan]] *[[Refia Sultan (daughter of Abdulmejid I)|Refia Sultan]] *[[Cemile Sultan]] *[[Mehmed V]] *[[Münire Sultan (daughter of Abdulmejid I)|Münire Sultan]] *[[Şehzade Ahmed Kemaleddin]] *[[Behice Sultan]] *[[Şehzade Mehmed Burhaneddin (son of Abdulmejid I)|Şehzade Mehmed Burhaneddin]] *[[Seniha Sultan]] *[[Şehzade Ahmed Nureddin (son of Abdulmejid I)|Şehzade Ahmed Nureddin]] *[[Mediha Sultan]] *[[Naile Sultan (daughter of Abdulmejid I)|Naile Sultan]] *[[Şehzade Selim Süleyman]] *[[Mehmed VI]]}} | issue-link = #Sons | issue-pipe = Among others | full name = Abdülmecid Han bin Mahmud<ref>Garo Kürkman, (1991), ''Osmanlılarda Ölçü Ve Tartılar'', p. 61</ref> | house = [[Ottoman dynasty|Ottoman]] | house-type = Dynasty | father = [[Mahmud II]] | mother = [[Bezmiâlem Sultan]] | religion = [[Sunni Islam]] | signature = Tughra of Abdülmecid I.svg | signature_type = [[Tughra]] }} '''Abdul Mejid I''' ({{langx|ota|عبد المجید اول|ʿAbdü'l-Mecîd}}, {{langx|tr|I. Abdülmecid}}; 25 uroë buleuën 4 thôn 1823  25 uroë buleuën 6 thôn 1861) nakeuh soleutan keu-31 nibak Keurajeuën Utsmaniyah. Gobnyan geugantoë ayah gobnyan Mamud II bak 2 uroë buleuën 7 thôn 1839. Hase paléng rayek Abdulmejid nakeuh geupeunyata Dekrit Tanzimat bak watèe gobnyan geumat kuwasa, nyang geupeusiap lé Meuntroë Luwa Nanggroë gobnyan bak watèe nyan, Mustafa Reshid Pasha, nyang seubeutôijih ka geupeuphôn era Tanzimat, atawa era reorganisasi, lam Keurajeuën Usumaniyah. Gobnyan nakeuh sidroë raja nyang leumbôt budi, geubri keu Sublime Porte otonomi nyang geupeureulèe keu proyèk-proyèk reformasi jih. Salah saboh tujuan utama Tanzimat nakeuh keu peukong semangat Ottomanisme lamkawan millets (kawôm-kawôm agama) mangat jeuet peutheun gerakan nasionalisme nyang teungoh meukeumang lam keurajeuen nyan, tapi bahpih na hukôm-hukôm barô ngon reformasi keu peusaboh ureueng-ureueng kon-Muslim ngon kon-Turk leubeh that lam masyarakat Ottoman, bak akhé jih, gerakan nyan gagal. Abdulmejid geupeugöt aliansi ngon kuwasa-kuwasa rayek di Éropa Barat, nakeuh Inggréh Raya ngon Peurancih, nyang meuprang meusajan ngon Keurajeuën Utsmaniyah lam Prang Krimea geulawan Rusia. Bak watèe Kongres Paris bak 30 Maret 1856, Keurajeuën Utsmaniyah secara resmi geupeutamong lam Konser Éropa. Abdulmejid meuninggai donya ngon tiba-tiba kareuna sakét tuberkulosis dan geugantoë lé syèdara tirèë gobnyan, Abdul Aziz. o2f1rb8pb0p9939cc7dphwr0bhs21m4 157894 157893 2026-04-22T10:40:45Z Tinta Emas Historia Network 33174 157894 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox royalty | name = Abdô Majéd I | title = [[Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques]]<br />[[Khan (title)|Khan]] | titletext = | more = | image = Sultan Abdülmecid'in şehzadelik zamanları.jpg | image_size = | alt = | caption = Portrait by Konstantin Cretius | succession = [[List of sultans of the Ottoman Empire|Sultan of the Ottoman Empire]] ([[Padishah]]) | moretext = | reign = 2 July 1839{{snd}} 25 June 1861 | coronation = | cor-type = | predecessor = [[Mahmud II]] | reg-type = [[List of Ottoman Grand Viziers|Grand Viziers]] | regent = {{collapsible list|title=''See list''|1=[[Koca Hüsrev Mehmed Pasha|Husrev Pasha]] <br /> [[Sadık Rıfat Pasha]] <br /> [[Mehmed Emin Rauf Pasha]] <br /> [[Ibrahim Sarim Pasha]] <br /> [[Topal Izzet Mehmed Pasha]] <br /> [[Mustafa Reşid Pasha]] <br /> [[Mehmed Emin Âli Pasha]] <br /> [[Damat Mehmed Ali Pasha]] <br /> [[Mustafa Naili Pasha]] <br /> [[Kıbrıslı Mehmed Emin Pasha]] <br /> [[Mehmed Rushdi Pasha]]}} | successor = [[Abdulaziz]] | succession2 = [[Ottoman Caliph]] (''[[Amir al-Mu'minin]]'') | predecessor2 = Mahmud II | successor2 = Abdulaziz | birth_date = 25 April 1823<ref name=EB>{{cite encyclopedia |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |title=Abdulmecid I |edition=online|access-date=27 December 2019|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica Inc. |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Abdulmecid-I}}</ref><ref>There are sources that state his birth date as 23 April.</ref> | birth_place = [[Constantinople]], [[Ottoman Empire]] | death_date = {{death date and age|1861|6|25|1823|4|23|df=y}} | death_place = Constantinople, Ottoman Empire | burial_date = | burial_place = [[Yavuz Selim Mosque]], [[Fatih]], Istanbul | spouse = [[Servetseza Kadın]]<br />[[Şevkefza Kadın]]<br />[[Tirimüjgan Kadın]]<br />[[Verdicenan Kadın]]<br />[[Gülcemal Kadın]]<br />[[Gülistu Kadın]]<br />[[Rahime Perestu Sultan|Rahime Perestu Kadın]]<br />[[Bezmiara Kadın]]<br />[[Mahitab Kadın]]<br />[[Düzdidil Hanım]]<br />[[Nükhetseza Hanım]]<br />[[Zeynifelek Hanım]]<br />[[Nesrin Hanım]]<br />[[Ceylanyar Hanım]]<br />[[Serfiraz Hanım]]<br />[[Nalandil Hanım]]<br />[[Navekimisal Hanım]]<br />[[Nergizev Hanım]]<br />[[Şayeste Hanım]]<br />[[#Consorts|Others]] | spouse-type = Consorts | issue = {{Collapsible list |title=''See''| *[[Murad V]] *[[Abdul Hamid II]] *[[Fatma Sultan (daughter of Abdulmejid I)|Fatma Sultan]] *[[Refia Sultan (daughter of Abdulmejid I)|Refia Sultan]] *[[Cemile Sultan]] *[[Mehmed V]] *[[Münire Sultan (daughter of Abdulmejid I)|Münire Sultan]] *[[Şehzade Ahmed Kemaleddin]] *[[Behice Sultan]] *[[Şehzade Mehmed Burhaneddin (son of Abdulmejid I)|Şehzade Mehmed Burhaneddin]] *[[Seniha Sultan]] *[[Şehzade Ahmed Nureddin (son of Abdulmejid I)|Şehzade Ahmed Nureddin]] *[[Mediha Sultan]] *[[Naile Sultan (daughter of Abdulmejid I)|Naile Sultan]] *[[Şehzade Selim Süleyman]] *[[Mehmed VI]]}} | issue-link = #Sons | issue-pipe = Among others | full name = Abdülmecid Han bin Mahmud<ref>Garo Kürkman, (1991), ''Osmanlılarda Ölçü Ve Tartılar'', p. 61</ref> | house = [[Ottoman dynasty|Ottoman]] | house-type = Dynasty | father = [[Mahmud II]] | mother = [[Bezmiâlem Sultan]] | religion = [[Sunni Islam]] | signature = Tughra of Abdülmecid I.svg | signature_type = [[Tughra]] }} '''Abdul Mejid I''' ({{langx|ota|عبد المجید اول|ʿAbdü'l-Mecîd}}, {{langx|tr|I. Abdülmecid}}; 25 uroë buleuën 4 thôn 1823  25 uroë buleuën 6 thôn 1861) nakeuh soleutan keu-31 nibak Keurajeuën Utsmaniyah. Gobnyan geugantoë ayah gobnyan Mamud II bak 2 uroë buleuën 7 thôn 1839. Hase paléng rayek Abdulmejid nakeuh geupeunyata Dekrit Tanzimat bak watèe gobnyan geumat kuwasa, nyang geupeusiap lé Meuntroë Luwa Nanggroë gobnyan bak watèe nyan, Mustafa Reshid Pasha, nyang seubeutôijih ka geupeuphôn era Tanzimat, atawa era reorganisasi, lam Keurajeuën Usumaniyah. Gobnyan nakeuh sidroë raja nyang leumbôt budi, geubri keu Sublime Porte otonomi nyang geupeureulèe keu proyèk-proyèk reformasi jih. Salah saboh tujuan utama Tanzimat nakeuh keu peukong semangat Ottomanisme lamkawan millets (kawôm-kawôm agama) mangat jeuet peutheun gerakan nasionalisme nyang teungoh meukeumang lam keurajeuen nyan, tapi bahpih na hukôm-hukôm barô ngon reformasi keu peusaboh ureueng-ureueng kon-Muslim ngon kon-Turk leubeh that lam masyarakat Ottoman, bak akhé jih, gerakan nyan gagal. Abdulmejid geupeugöt aliansi ngon kuwasa-kuwasa rayek di Éropa Barat, nakeuh Inggréh Raya ngon Peurancih, nyang meuprang meusajan ngon Keurajeuën Utsmaniyah lam Prang Krimea geulawan Rusia. Bak watèe Kongres Paris bak 30 Maret 1856, Keurajeuën Utsmaniyah secara resmi geupeutamong lam Konser Éropa. Abdulmejid meuninggai donya ngon tiba-tiba kareuna sakét tuberkulosis dan geugantoë lé syèdara tirèë gobnyan, Abdul Aziz. == Nè == 5wfv73vs9wzczcbc5bnxxneqy0n0gkz 157895 157894 2026-04-22T10:43:06Z Tinta Emas Historia Network 33174 157895 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox royalty | name = Abdô Majéd I | title = [[Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques]]<br />[[Khan (title)|Khan]] | titletext = | more = | image = Sultan Abdülmecid'in şehzadelik zamanları.jpg | image_size = | alt = | caption = Portrait by Konstantin Cretius | succession = [[List of sultans of the Ottoman Empire|Sultan of the Ottoman Empire]] ([[Padishah]]) | moretext = | reign = 2 July 1839{{snd}} 25 June 1861 | coronation = | cor-type = | predecessor = [[Mahmud II]] | reg-type = [[List of Ottoman Grand Viziers|Grand Viziers]] | regent = {{collapsible list|title=''See list''|1=[[Koca Hüsrev Mehmed Pasha|Husrev Pasha]] <br /> [[Sadık Rıfat Pasha]] <br /> [[Mehmed Emin Rauf Pasha]] <br /> [[Ibrahim Sarim Pasha]] <br /> [[Topal Izzet Mehmed Pasha]] <br /> [[Mustafa Reşid Pasha]] <br /> [[Mehmed Emin Âli Pasha]] <br /> [[Damat Mehmed Ali Pasha]] <br /> [[Mustafa Naili Pasha]] <br /> [[Kıbrıslı Mehmed Emin Pasha]] <br /> [[Mehmed Rushdi Pasha]]}} | successor = [[Abdulaziz]] | succession2 = [[Ottoman Caliph]] (''[[Amir al-Mu'minin]]'') | predecessor2 = Mahmud II | successor2 = Abdulaziz | birth_date = 25 April 1823<ref name=EB>{{cite encyclopedia |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |title=Abdulmecid I |edition=online|access-date=27 December 2019|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica Inc. |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Abdulmecid-I}}</ref><ref>There are sources that state his birth date as 23 April.</ref> | birth_place = [[Constantinople]], [[Ottoman Empire]] | death_date = {{death date and age|1861|6|25|1823|4|23|df=y}} | death_place = Constantinople, Ottoman Empire | burial_date = | burial_place = [[Yavuz Selim Mosque]], [[Fatih]], Istanbul | spouse = [[Servetseza Kadın]]<br />[[Şevkefza Kadın]]<br />[[Tirimüjgan Kadın]]<br />[[Verdicenan Kadın]]<br />[[Gülcemal Kadın]]<br />[[Gülistu Kadın]]<br />[[Rahime Perestu Sultan|Rahime Perestu Kadın]]<br />[[Bezmiara Kadın]]<br />[[Mahitab Kadın]]<br />[[Düzdidil Hanım]]<br />[[Nükhetseza Hanım]]<br />[[Zeynifelek Hanım]]<br />[[Nesrin Hanım]]<br />[[Ceylanyar Hanım]]<br />[[Serfiraz Hanım]]<br />[[Nalandil Hanım]]<br />[[Navekimisal Hanım]]<br />[[Nergizev Hanım]]<br />[[Şayeste Hanım]]<br />[[#Consorts|Others]] | spouse-type = Consorts | issue = {{Collapsible list |title=''See''| *[[Murad V]] *[[Abdul Hamid II]] *[[Fatma Sultan (daughter of Abdulmejid I)|Fatma Sultan]] *[[Refia Sultan (daughter of Abdulmejid I)|Refia Sultan]] *[[Cemile Sultan]] *[[Mehmed V]] *[[Münire Sultan (daughter of Abdulmejid I)|Münire Sultan]] *[[Şehzade Ahmed Kemaleddin]] *[[Behice Sultan]] *[[Şehzade Mehmed Burhaneddin (son of Abdulmejid I)|Şehzade Mehmed Burhaneddin]] *[[Seniha Sultan]] *[[Şehzade Ahmed Nureddin (son of Abdulmejid I)|Şehzade Ahmed Nureddin]] *[[Mediha Sultan]] *[[Naile Sultan (daughter of Abdulmejid I)|Naile Sultan]] *[[Şehzade Selim Süleyman]] *[[Mehmed VI]]}} | issue-link = #Sons | issue-pipe = Among others | full name = Abdülmecid Han bin Mahmud<ref>Garo Kürkman, (1991), ''Osmanlılarda Ölçü Ve Tartılar'', p. 61</ref> | house = [[Ottoman dynasty|Ottoman]] | house-type = Dynasty | father = [[Mahmud II]] | mother = [[Bezmiâlem Sultan]] | religion = [[Sunni Islam]] | signature = Tughra of Abdülmecid I.svg | signature_type = [[Tughra]] }} '''Abdô Majéd I''' ({{langx|ota|عبد المجید اول|ʿAbdü'l-Mecîd}}, {{langx|tr|I. Abdülmecid}}; 25 uroë buleuën 4 thôn 1823  25 uroë buleuën 6 thôn 1861) nakeuh soleutan keu-31 nibak Keurajeuën Usumaniyah. Gobnyan geugantoë ayah gobnyan Mamud II bak 2 uroë buleuën 7 thôn 1839. Hase paléng rayek Abdulmejid nakeuh geupeunyata Dekrit Tanzimat bak watèe gobnyan geumat kuwasa, nyang geupeusiap lé Meuntroë Luwa Nanggroë gobnyan bak watèe nyan, Mustafa Reshid Pasha, nyang seubeutôijih ka geupeuphôn era Tanzimat, atawa era reorganisasi, lam Keurajeuën Usumaniyah. Gobnyan nakeuh sidroë raja nyang leumbôt budi, geubri keu Sublime Porte otonomi nyang geupeureulèe keu proyèk-proyèk reformasi jih. Salah saboh tujuan utama Tanzimat nakeuh keu peukong semangat Ottomanisme lamkawan millets (kawôm-kawôm agama) mangat jeuet peutheun gerakan nasionalisme nyang teungoh meukeumang lam keurajeuen nyan, tapi bahpih na hukôm-hukôm barô ngon reformasi keu peusaboh ureueng-ureueng kon-Muslim ngon kon-Turk leubeh that lam masyarakat Ottoman, bak akhé jih, gerakan nyan gagal. Abdulmejid geupeugöt aliansi ngon kuwasa-kuwasa rayek di Éropa Barat, nakeuh Inggréh Raya ngon Peurancih, nyang meuprang meusajan ngon Keurajeuën Utsmaniyah lam Prang Krimea geulawan Rusia. Bak watèe Kongres Paris bak 30 Maret 1856, Keurajeuën Utsmaniyah secara resmi geupeutamong lam Konser Éropa. Abdulmejid meuninggai donya ngon tiba-tiba kareuna sakét tuberkulosis dan geugantoë lé syèdara tirèë gobnyan, Abdul Aziz. == Nè == rmp60xi8x80wq5kgekxjgtqr9m4bw67 157896 157895 2026-04-22T11:32:29Z Tinta Emas Historia Network 33174 157896 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox royalty | name = Abdô Majéd I | title = Peulindong Duwa Kuta Suci<br />[[Khan (title)|Khan]] | titletext = | more = | image = Sultan Abdülmecid - Google Art Project.jpg | image_size = | alt = | caption = Gamba Sôleutan Abdô Majéd I David Wilkie | succession = Sôleutan Keurajeuën Usumaniyah ([[Padishah]]) | moretext = | reign = 2 July 1839{{snd}} 25 June 1861 | coronation = | cor-type = | predecessor = [[Mahmud II]] | reg-type = [[List of Ottoman Grand Viziers|Grand Viziers]] | regent = {{collapsible list|title=''Kalön dapeuta''|1=[[Koca Hüsrev Mehmed Pasha|Husrev Pasha]] <br /> [[Sadık Rıfat Pasha]] <br /> [[Mehmed Emin Rauf Pasha]] <br /> [[Ibrahim Sarim Pasha]] <br /> [[Topal Izzet Mehmed Pasha]] <br /> [[Mustafa Reşid Pasha]] <br /> [[Mehmed Emin Âli Pasha]] <br /> [[Damat Mehmed Ali Pasha]] <br /> [[Mustafa Naili Pasha]] <br /> [[Kıbrıslı Mehmed Emin Pasha]] <br /> [[Mehmed Rushdi Pasha]]}} | successor = [[Abdulaziz]] | succession2 = Kalipah Usumaniyah (''[[Amir al-Mu'minin]]'') | predecessor2 = Mahmud II | successor2 = Abdulaziz | birth_date = 25 April 1823<ref name=EB>{{cite encyclopedia |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |title=Abdulmecid I |edition=online|access-date=27 December 2019|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica Inc. |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Abdulmecid-I}}</ref><ref>There are sources that state his birth date as 23 April.</ref> | birth_place = Keuseutaninopèl, Keurajeuën Usumaniyah | death_date = {{death date and age|1861|6|25|1823|4|23|df=y}} | death_place = Keuseutaninopèl, Keurajeuën Usumaniyah | burial_date = | burial_place = [[Yavuz Selim Mosque]], [[Fatih]], Éseutamu | spouse = [[Servetseza Kadın]]<br />[[Şevkefza Kadın]]<br />[[Tirimüjgan Kadın]]<br />[[Verdicenan Kadın]]<br />[[Gülcemal Kadın]]<br />[[Gülistu Kadın]]<br />[[Rahime Perestu Sultan|Rahime Perestu Kadın]]<br />[[Bezmiara Kadın]]<br />[[Mahitab Kadın]]<br />[[Düzdidil Hanım]]<br />[[Nükhetseza Hanım]]<br />[[Zeynifelek Hanım]]<br />[[Nesrin Hanım]]<br />[[Ceylanyar Hanım]]<br />[[Serfiraz Hanım]]<br />[[Nalandil Hanım]]<br />[[Navekimisal Hanım]]<br />[[Nergizev Hanım]]<br />[[Şayeste Hanım]]<br />[[Peureumoh|''La'en lom'']] | spouse-type = Peureumoh | issue = {{Collapsible list |title=''Kalön''| *[[Murad V]] *[[Abdul Hamid II]] *[[Fatma Sultan (daughter of Abdulmejid I)|Fatma Sultan]] *[[Refia Sultan (daughter of Abdulmejid I)|Refia Sultan]] *[[Cemile Sultan]] *[[Mehmed V]] *[[Münire Sultan (daughter of Abdulmejid I)|Münire Sultan]] *[[Şehzade Ahmed Kemaleddin]] *[[Behice Sultan]] *[[Şehzade Mehmed Burhaneddin (son of Abdulmejid I)|Şehzade Mehmed Burhaneddin]] *[[Seniha Sultan]] *[[Şehzade Ahmed Nureddin (son of Abdulmejid I)|Şehzade Ahmed Nureddin]] *[[Mediha Sultan]] *[[Naile Sultan (daughter of Abdulmejid I)|Naile Sultan]] *[[Şehzade Selim Süleyman]] *[[Mehmed VI]]}} | issue-link = #Sons | issue-pipe = Diantara jih | full name = Abdülmecid Han bin Mahmud<ref>Garo Kürkman, (1991), ''Osmanlılarda Ölçü Ve Tartılar'', p. 61</ref> | house = Usumani | house-type = Wangsa | father = [[Mahmud II]] | mother = [[Bezmiâlem Sultan]] | religion = [[Sunni Islam]] | signature = Tughra of Abdülmecid I.svg | signature_type = [[Tughra]] }} '''Abdô Majéd I''' ({{langx|ota|عبد المجید اول|ʿAbdü'l-Mecîd}}, {{langx|tr|I. Abdülmecid}}; 25 uroë buleuën 4 thôn 1823  25 uroë buleuën 6 thôn 1861) nakeuh soleutan keu-31 nibak Keurajeuën Usumaniyah. Gobnyan geugantoë ayah gobnyan Mamud II bak 2 uroë buleuën 7 thôn 1839. Hase paléng rayek Abdulmejid nakeuh geupeunyata Dekrit Tanzimat bak watèe gobnyan geumat kuwasa, nyang geupeusiap lé Meuntroë Luwa Nanggroë gobnyan bak watèe nyan, Mustafa Reshid Pasha, nyang seubeutôijih ka geupeuphôn era Tanzimat, atawa era reorganisasi, lam Keurajeuën Usumaniyah. Gobnyan nakeuh sidroë raja nyang leumbôt budi, geubri keu Sublime Porte otonomi nyang geupeureulèe keu proyèk-proyèk reformasi jih. Salah saboh tujuan utama Tanzimat nakeuh keu peukong semangat Ottomanisme lamkawan millets (kawôm-kawôm agama) mangat jeuet peutheun gerakan nasionalisme nyang teungoh meukeumang lam keurajeuen nyan, tapi bahpih na hukôm-hukôm barô ngon reformasi keu peusaboh ureueng-ureueng kon-Muslim ngon kon-Turk leubeh that lam masyarakat Ottoman, bak akhé jih, gerakan nyan gagal. Abdulmejid geupeugöt aliansi ngon kuwasa-kuwasa rayek di Éropa Barat, nakeuh Inggréh Raya ngon Peurancih, nyang meuprang meusajan ngon Keurajeuën Utsmaniyah lam Prang Krimea geulawan Rusia. Bak watèe Kongres Paris bak 30 Maret 1856, Keurajeuën Utsmaniyah secara resmi geupeutamong lam Konser Éropa. Abdulmejid meuninggai donya ngon tiba-tiba kareuna sakét tuberkulosis dan geugantoë lé syèdara tirèë gobnyan, Abdul Aziz. == Nè == tajz6spad7w1m5y727nuvoffkcxr33i 157897 157896 2026-04-22T11:38:08Z Tinta Emas Historia Network 33174 157897 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox royalty | name = Abdô Majéd I | title = Peulindong Duwa Kuta Suci<br />[[Khan (title)|Khan]] | titletext = | more = | image = Sultan Abdülmecid - Google Art Project.jpg | image_size = | alt = | caption = Gamba Sôleutan Abdô Majéd I David Wilkie | succession = Sôleutan Keurajeuën Usumaniyah ([[Padishah]]) | moretext = | reign = 2 July 1839{{snd}} 25 June 1861 | coronation = | cor-type = | predecessor = [[Mahmud II]] | reg-type = [[List of Ottoman Grand Viziers|Grand Viziers]] | regent = {{collapsible list|title=''Kalön dapeuta''|1=[[Koca Hüsrev Mehmed Pasha|Husrev Pasha]] <br /> [[Sadık Rıfat Pasha]] <br /> [[Mehmed Emin Rauf Pasha]] <br /> [[Ibrahim Sarim Pasha]] <br /> [[Topal Izzet Mehmed Pasha]] <br /> [[Mustafa Reşid Pasha]] <br /> [[Mehmed Emin Âli Pasha]] <br /> [[Damat Mehmed Ali Pasha]] <br /> [[Mustafa Naili Pasha]] <br /> [[Kıbrıslı Mehmed Emin Pasha]] <br /> [[Mehmed Rushdi Pasha]]}} | successor = [[Abdulaziz]] | succession2 = Kalipah Usumaniyah (''[[Amir al-Mu'minin]]'') | predecessor2 = Mahmud II | successor2 = Abdulaziz | birth_date = 25 April 1823<ref name=EB>{{cite encyclopedia |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |title=Abdulmecid I |edition=online|access-date=27 December 2019|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica Inc. |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Abdulmecid-I}}</ref><ref>There are sources that state his birth date as 23 April.</ref> | birth_place = Keuseutaninopèl, Keurajeuën Usumaniyah | death_date = {{death date and age|1861|6|25|1823|4|23|df=y}} | death_place = Keuseutaninopèl, Keurajeuën Usumaniyah | burial_date = | burial_place = [[Yavuz Selim Mosque]], [[Fatih]], Éseutamu | spouse = [[Servetseza Kadın]]<br />[[Şevkefza Kadın]]<br />[[Tirimüjgan Kadın]]<br />[[Verdicenan Kadın]]<br />[[Gülcemal Kadın]]<br />[[Gülistu Kadın]]<br />[[Rahime Perestu Sultan|Rahime Perestu Kadın]]<br />[[Bezmiara Kadın]]<br />[[Mahitab Kadın]]<br />[[Düzdidil Hanım]]<br />[[Nükhetseza Hanım]]<br />[[Zeynifelek Hanım]]<br />[[Nesrin Hanım]]<br />[[Ceylanyar Hanım]]<br />[[Serfiraz Hanım]]<br />[[Nalandil Hanım]]<br />[[Navekimisal Hanım]]<br />[[Nergizev Hanım]]<br />[[Şayeste Hanım]]<br />[[Peureumoh|''La'en lom'']] | spouse-type = Peureumoh | issue = {{Collapsible list |title=''Kalön''| *[[Murad V]] *[[Abdul Hamid II]] *[[Fatma Sultan (daughter of Abdulmejid I)|Fatma Sultan]] *[[Refia Sultan (daughter of Abdulmejid I)|Refia Sultan]] *[[Cemile Sultan]] *[[Mehmed V]] *[[Münire Sultan (daughter of Abdulmejid I)|Münire Sultan]] *[[Şehzade Ahmed Kemaleddin]] *[[Behice Sultan]] *[[Şehzade Mehmed Burhaneddin (son of Abdulmejid I)|Şehzade Mehmed Burhaneddin]] *[[Seniha Sultan]] *[[Şehzade Ahmed Nureddin (son of Abdulmejid I)|Şehzade Ahmed Nureddin]] *[[Mediha Sultan]] *[[Naile Sultan (daughter of Abdulmejid I)|Naile Sultan]] *[[Şehzade Selim Süleyman]] *[[Mehmed VI]]}} | issue-link = #Sons | issue-pipe = Diantara jih | full name = Abdülmecid Han bin Mahmud<ref>Garo Kürkman, (1991), ''Osmanlılarda Ölçü Ve Tartılar'', p. 61</ref> | house = Usumani | house-type = Wangsa | father = [[Mahmud II]] | mother = [[Bezmiâlem Sultan]] | religion = [[Sunni Islam]] | signature = Tughra of Abdülmecid I.svg | signature_type = [[Tughra]] }} '''Abdô Majéd''' '''I''' ({{langx|ota|عبد المجید اول|ʿAbdü'l-Mecîd}}, {{langx|tr|I. Abdülmecid}}; 25 uroë buleuën 4 thôn 1823  25 uroë buleuën 6 thôn 1861) nakeuh soleutan keu-31 nibak [[Turuki Utsmani|Keurajeuën Usumaniyah]]. Gobnyan geugantoë ayah gobnyan Mamud II bak 2 uroë buleuën 7 thôn 1839. Hase paléng rayek Sôleutan Abdô Majéd nakeuh geupeunyata Dekrit Tanzimat bak watèe gobnyan geumat kuwasa, nyang geupeusiap lé Meuntroë Luwa Nanggroë gobnyan bak watèe nyan, Mustafa Reshid Pasha, nyang seubeutôijih ka geupeuphôn era Tanzimat, atawa era reorganisasi, lam Keurajeuën Usumaniyah. Gobnyan nakeuh sidroë raja nyang leumbôt budi, geubri keu Sublime Porte otonomi nyang geupeureulèe keu proyèk-proyèk reformasi jih. Salah saboh tujuan utama Tanzimat nakeuh keu peukong semangat Ottomanisme lamkawan millets (kawôm-kawôm agama) mangat jeuet peutheun gerakan nasionalisme nyang teungoh meukeumang lam keurajeuen nyan, tapi bahpih na hukôm-hukôm barô ngon reformasi keu peusaboh ureueng-ureueng kon-Muslim ngon kon-Turk leubeh that lam masyarakat Ottoman, bak akhé jih, gerakan nyan gagal. Abdô Majéd geupeugöt aliansi ngon kuwasa-kuwasa rayek di Éropa Barat, nakeuh Inggréh Raya ngon Peurancih, nyang meuprang meusajan ngon Keurajeuën Utsmaniyah lam Prang Krimea geulawan Rusia. Bak watèe Kongres Paris bak 30 Maret 1856, Keurajeuën Utsmaniyah secara resmi geupeutamong lam Konser Éropa. Abdulmejid meuninggai donya ngon tiba-tiba kareuna sakét tuberkulosis dan geugantoë lé syèdara tirèë gobnyan, Abdul Aziz. == Nè == 48pl8nos39yuxe1dcmtppomg1ef1myh 157898 157897 2026-04-22T11:39:29Z Tinta Emas Historia Network 33174 157898 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox royalty | name = Abdô Majéd I | title = Peulindong Duwa Kuta Suci<br />[[Khan (title)|Khan]] | titletext = | more = | image = Sultan Abdülmecid - Google Art Project.jpg | image_size = | alt = | caption = Gamba Sôleutan Abdô Majéd I David Wilkie | succession = Sôleutan Keurajeuën Usumaniyah ([[Padishah]]) | moretext = | reign = 2 July 1839{{snd}} 25 June 1861 | coronation = | cor-type = | predecessor = [[Mahmud II]] | reg-type = [[List of Ottoman Grand Viziers|Grand Viziers]] | regent = {{collapsible list|title=''Kalön dapeuta''|1=[[Koca Hüsrev Mehmed Pasha|Husrev Pasha]] <br /> [[Sadık Rıfat Pasha]] <br /> [[Mehmed Emin Rauf Pasha]] <br /> [[Ibrahim Sarim Pasha]] <br /> [[Topal Izzet Mehmed Pasha]] <br /> [[Mustafa Reşid Pasha]] <br /> [[Mehmed Emin Âli Pasha]] <br /> [[Damat Mehmed Ali Pasha]] <br /> [[Mustafa Naili Pasha]] <br /> [[Kıbrıslı Mehmed Emin Pasha]] <br /> [[Mehmed Rushdi Pasha]]}} | successor = [[Abdulaziz]] | succession2 = Kalipah Usumaniyah (''[[Amir al-Mu'minin]]'') | predecessor2 = Mahmud II | successor2 = Abdulaziz | birth_date = 25 April 1823<ref name=EB>{{cite encyclopedia |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |title=Abdulmecid I |edition=online|access-date=27 December 2019|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica Inc. |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Abdulmecid-I}}</ref><ref>There are sources that state his birth date as 23 April.</ref> | birth_place = Keuseutaninopèl, Keurajeuën Usumaniyah | death_date = {{death date and age|1861|6|25|1823|4|23|df=y}} | death_place = Keuseutaninopèl, Keurajeuën Usumaniyah | burial_date = | burial_place = [[Yavuz Selim Mosque]], [[Fatih]], Éseutamu | spouse = [[Servetseza Kadın]]<br />[[Şevkefza Kadın]]<br />[[Tirimüjgan Kadın]]<br />[[Verdicenan Kadın]]<br />[[Gülcemal Kadın]]<br />[[Gülistu Kadın]]<br />[[Rahime Perestu Sultan|Rahime Perestu Kadın]]<br />[[Bezmiara Kadın]]<br />[[Mahitab Kadın]]<br />[[Düzdidil Hanım]]<br />[[Nükhetseza Hanım]]<br />[[Zeynifelek Hanım]]<br />[[Nesrin Hanım]]<br />[[Ceylanyar Hanım]]<br />[[Serfiraz Hanım]]<br />[[Nalandil Hanım]]<br />[[Navekimisal Hanım]]<br />[[Nergizev Hanım]]<br />[[Şayeste Hanım]]<br />[[Peureumoh|''La'en lom'']] | spouse-type = Peureumoh | issue = {{Collapsible list |title=''Kalön''| *[[Murad V]] *[[Abdul Hamid II]] *[[Fatma Sultan (daughter of Abdulmejid I)|Fatma Sultan]] *[[Refia Sultan (daughter of Abdulmejid I)|Refia Sultan]] *[[Cemile Sultan]] *[[Mehmed V]] *[[Münire Sultan (daughter of Abdulmejid I)|Münire Sultan]] *[[Şehzade Ahmed Kemaleddin]] *[[Behice Sultan]] *[[Şehzade Mehmed Burhaneddin (son of Abdulmejid I)|Şehzade Mehmed Burhaneddin]] *[[Seniha Sultan]] *[[Şehzade Ahmed Nureddin (son of Abdulmejid I)|Şehzade Ahmed Nureddin]] *[[Mediha Sultan]] *[[Naile Sultan (daughter of Abdulmejid I)|Naile Sultan]] *[[Şehzade Selim Süleyman]] *[[Mehmed VI]]}} | issue-link = #Sons | issue-pipe = Diantara jih | full name = Abdülmecid Han bin Mahmud<ref>Garo Kürkman, (1991), ''Osmanlılarda Ölçü Ve Tartılar'', p. 61</ref> | house = Usumani | house-type = Wangsa | father = [[Mahmud II]] | mother = [[Bezmiâlem Sultan]] | religion = [[Sunni Islam]] | signature = Tughra of Abdülmecid I.svg | signature_type = [[Tughra]] }} '''Abdô Majéd''' '''I''' ({{langx|ota|عبد المجید اول|ʿAbdü'l-Mecîd}}, {{langx|tr|I. Abdülmecid}}; 25 uroë buleuën 4 thôn 1823  25 uroë buleuën 6 thôn 1861) nakeuh soleutan keu-31 nibak [[Turuki Utsmani|Keurajeuën Usumaniyah]]. Gobnyan geugantoë ayah gobnyan Mamud II bak 2 uroë buleuën 7 thôn 1839. Hase paléng rayek Sôleutan Abdô Majéd nakeuh geupeunyata Dekrit Tanzimat bak watèe gobnyan geumat kuwasa, nyang geupeusiap lé Meuntroë Luwa Nanggroë gobnyan bak watèe nyan, Mustafa Reshid Pasha, nyang seubeutôijih ka geupeuphôn era Tanzimat, atawa era reorganisasi, lam Keurajeuën Usumaniyah. Gobnyan nakeuh sidroë raja nyang leumbôt budi, geubri keu Sublime Porte otonomi nyang geupeureulèe keu proyèk-proyèk reformasi jih. Salah saboh tujuan utama Tanzimat nakeuh keu peukong semangat Ottomanisme lamkawan millets (kawôm-kawôm agama) mangat jeuet peutheun gerakan nasionalisme nyang teungoh meukeumang lam keurajeuen nyan, tapi bahpih na hukôm-hukôm barô ngon reformasi keu peusaboh ureueng-ureueng kon-Muslim ngon kon-Turk leubeh that lam masyarakat Ottoman, bak akhé jih, gerakan nyan gagal. Abdô Majéd geupeugöt aliansi ngon kuwasa-kuwasa rayek di Iërupa Barat, nakeuh Inggréh Raya ngon Peurancih, nyang meuprang meusajan ngon Keurajeuën Utsmaniyah lam Prang Krimea geulawan Rusia. Bak watèe Kongres Paris bak 30 Maret 1856, Keurajeuën Usumaniyah secara resmi geupeutamong lam Konser Éropa. Abdulmejid meuninggai donya ngon tiba-tiba kareuna sakét tuberkulosis dan geugantoë lé syèdara tirèë gobnyan, Abdul Aziz. == Nè == qsvss48ogv4ydvpjmwa17mvkzidw9lv 0 33641 157891 2026-04-22T10:20:02Z Tinta Emas Historia Network 33174 Tinta Emas Historia Network geupinah laman [[Abdo]] u [[Abdô Majéd I]] 157891 wikitext text/x-wiki #PUPINAH [[Abdô Majéd I]] j1wi6ikzbuesjng4vbenbmetpiv8jy0