Pinpo finacadan

<mediawiki xmlns="http://www.mediawiki.org/xml/export-0.11/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.mediawiki.org/xml/export-0.11/ http://www.mediawiki.org/xml/export-0.11.xsd" version="0.11" xml:lang="ami">
  <siteinfo>
    <sitename>Wikipedia</sitename>
    <dbname>amiwiki</dbname>
    <base>https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sa%E2%80%99ayayaw_pising_no_tyin-naw</base>
    <generator>MediaWiki 1.45.0-wmf.8</generator>
    <case>first-letter</case>
    <namespaces>
      <namespace key="-2" case="first-letter">Mitiya</namespace>
      <namespace key="-1" case="first-letter">Kasi’iked</namespace>
      <namespace key="0" case="first-letter" />
      <namespace key="1" case="first-letter">Kasasowal</namespace>
      <namespace key="2" case="first-letter">Midemakay</namespace>
      <namespace key="3" case="first-letter">Kasasowal no midemakay</namespace>
      <namespace key="4" case="first-letter">Wikipedia</namespace>
      <namespace key="5" case="first-letter">Wikipedia a kasasowal</namespace>
      <namespace key="6" case="first-letter">Faylo</namespace>
      <namespace key="7" case="first-letter">Masasowal to faylo</namespace>
      <namespace key="8" case="first-letter">MediaWiki</namespace>
      <namespace key="9" case="first-letter">Masasowal to MediaWiki</namespace>
      <namespace key="10" case="first-letter">Masalipa</namespace>
      <namespace key="11" case="first-letter">Masalipaay a kasasowal</namespace>
      <namespace key="12" case="first-letter">Nipadama’</namespace>
      <namespace key="13" case="first-letter">Mipadama’ a masasowal</namespace>
      <namespace key="14" case="first-letter">Kasasiwasiw</namespace>
      <namespace key="15" case="first-letter">Masasowal to kasasiwasiw</namespace>
      <namespace key="710" case="first-letter">TimedText</namespace>
      <namespace key="711" case="first-letter">TimedText talk</namespace>
      <namespace key="828" case="first-letter">模組</namespace>
      <namespace key="829" case="first-letter">模組討論</namespace>
      <namespace key="1728" case="first-letter">Event</namespace>
      <namespace key="1729" case="first-letter">Event talk</namespace>
    </namespaces>
  </siteinfo>
  <page>
    <title>Pinpo finacadan</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2903</id>
    <revision>
      <id>46861</id>
      <timestamp>2025-07-07T00:52:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Masaonikar</username>
        <id>570</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>建立內容為「== Pinpo finacadan (平埔族群) ==」的新頁面</comment>
      <origin>46861</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="36" sha1="4n391a6knscne60rwkxz14pk1odj1c7" xml:space="preserve">== Pinpo finacadan (平埔族群) ==</text>
      <sha1>4n391a6knscne60rwkxz14pk1odj1c7</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>46862</id>
      <parentid>46861</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-07-07T00:52:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Masaonikar</username>
        <id>570</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Pinpo finacadan (平埔族群) */</comment>
      <origin>46862</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="527" sha1="e9knvyds4ayt1rjvq01jz1s1j1kru13" xml:space="preserve">== Pinpo finacadan (平埔族群) ==
Pinpo finacadan, to hatiniay Pinpoco han ko pitahidang, o pisiiked to sapikown to yincumin no Taywan a tahidang koni[2]. O roma a tahidang o Kaosancu; ikor midoedo to mikingkiway, ponkaan, itiya a mafana’ to o ’alomanay a finacadan caay ko cecayay a finacadan sato, anini falican ko pitahidang o Pinpocu fuinacadan hanto. Oya ’alomanay Pinpocu finacadan tangsa anini caay ho haydaen no Conghuaminko sifo o yincuminco caira, dengan oya pakapian i ’Amis finacadan a Kavalan finacadan.</text>
      <sha1>e9knvyds4ayt1rjvq01jz1s1j1kru13</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>46863</id>
      <parentid>46862</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-07-07T00:53:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Masaonikar</username>
        <id>570</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Pinpo finacadan (平埔族群) */</comment>
      <origin>46863</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1075" sha1="l7zz1u6j8yx2rh0xfpmz1q4d1t8xqlu" xml:space="preserve">== Pinpo finacadan (平埔族群) ==
Pinpo finacadan, to hatiniay Pinpoco han ko pitahidang, o pisiiked to sapikown to yincumin no Taywan a tahidang koni[2]. O roma a tahidang o Kaosancu; ikor midoedo to mikingkiway, ponkaan, itiya a mafana’ to o ’alomanay a finacadan caay ko cecayay a finacadan sato, anini falican ko pitahidang o Pinpocu fuinacadan hanto. Oya ’alomanay Pinpocu finacadan tangsa anini caay ho haydaen no Conghuaminko sifo o yincuminco caira, dengan oya pakapian i ’Amis finacadan a Kavalan finacadan.

Pinpo finacadan i’ayaw no pikowan no netherland, spain itiya o “Aporicini-アボリジニ” han ko pitahidang; pikowan to no Mancin i, saheto o mapalatamdaway, maecakay finacadan[1], ato Nama no fan, wairudona fan sanay ko pasasi’ayaw[3]:12. Orasaka o Cori sareta, Aporicini-アボリジニ itiraay i “Dafdafay pala” (Pingti caopu), samasa o sowal pangangan o Pingpuah, Pucirin, Pingpufan (Payrang: Pi-poo-hoan; Inkiris Pepohoan[4][5][6]), onini “Pinpu” a sowal todong “Dafdaf” ano eca “enaray” sanay ko todong no sowal[7].</text>
      <sha1>l7zz1u6j8yx2rh0xfpmz1q4d1t8xqlu</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>46864</id>
      <parentid>46863</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-07-07T00:53:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Masaonikar</username>
        <id>570</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Pinpo finacadan (平埔族群) */</comment>
      <origin>46864</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1687" sha1="6aadviaa4u1ajz0p9n7wyu9rct1t52n" xml:space="preserve">== Pinpo finacadan (平埔族群) ==
Pinpo finacadan, to hatiniay Pinpoco han ko pitahidang, o pisiiked to sapikown to yincumin no Taywan a tahidang koni[2]. O roma a tahidang o Kaosancu; ikor midoedo to mikingkiway, ponkaan, itiya a mafana’ to o ’alomanay a finacadan caay ko cecayay a finacadan sato, anini falican ko pitahidang o Pinpocu fuinacadan hanto. Oya ’alomanay Pinpocu finacadan tangsa anini caay ho haydaen no Conghuaminko sifo o yincuminco caira, dengan oya pakapian i ’Amis finacadan a Kavalan finacadan.

Pinpo finacadan i’ayaw no pikowan no netherland, spain itiya o “Aporicini-アボリジニ” han ko pitahidang; pikowan to no Mancin i, saheto o mapalatamdaway, maecakay finacadan[1], ato Nama no fan, wairudona fan sanay ko pasasi’ayaw[3]:12. Orasaka o Cori sareta, Aporicini-アボリジニ itiraay i “Dafdafay pala” (Pingti caopu), samasa o sowal pangangan o Pingpuah, Pucirin, Pingpufan (Payrang: Pi-poo-hoan; Inkiris Pepohoan[4][5][6]), onini “Pinpu” a sowal todong “Dafdaf” ano eca “enaray” sanay ko todong no sowal[7].

Tangasa to pikowan no Dipong a to’ek “Taywan Fancin demak” a tilidan o yincumin malitosa Kaosancu, Pinpuco[3]:13, kasaniyaro’ a Pinpuco finacadan ona palowaday to pifalic pala “Tongninco” sanay a syakay onto[5][8]. Tangasa no Conghuaminko to’ek a mikowan miteka o rayray no Pinpuco malasawaday to ko finacadan harateng, caay to pala o yincuminco cangra; ikor makerih to ko mikingkiway t ofinacadan no Taywan, onini likisi no Pinpuco miteka a masafaloco’ no syakay, nika o Pinpuco a finacadan ona oya “Pinpuco” koni finacadan, saan to ikor miliyaw a misilsil to kasasiiked masiroma[2][3]:18.</text>
      <sha1>6aadviaa4u1ajz0p9n7wyu9rct1t52n</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>46865</id>
      <parentid>46864</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-07-07T00:53:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Masaonikar</username>
        <id>570</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Pinpo finacadan (平埔族群) */</comment>
      <origin>46865</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2506" sha1="8262unizv1eq2zvwuy9f8hmmemo14nd" xml:space="preserve">== Pinpo finacadan (平埔族群) ==
Pinpo finacadan, to hatiniay Pinpoco han ko pitahidang, o pisiiked to sapikown to yincumin no Taywan a tahidang koni[2]. O roma a tahidang o Kaosancu; ikor midoedo to mikingkiway, ponkaan, itiya a mafana’ to o ’alomanay a finacadan caay ko cecayay a finacadan sato, anini falican ko pitahidang o Pinpocu fuinacadan hanto. Oya ’alomanay Pinpocu finacadan tangsa anini caay ho haydaen no Conghuaminko sifo o yincuminco caira, dengan oya pakapian i ’Amis finacadan a Kavalan finacadan.

Pinpo finacadan i’ayaw no pikowan no netherland, spain itiya o “Aporicini-アボリジニ” han ko pitahidang; pikowan to no Mancin i, saheto o mapalatamdaway, maecakay finacadan[1], ato Nama no fan, wairudona fan sanay ko pasasi’ayaw[3]:12. Orasaka o Cori sareta, Aporicini-アボリジニ itiraay i “Dafdafay pala” (Pingti caopu), samasa o sowal pangangan o Pingpuah, Pucirin, Pingpufan (Payrang: Pi-poo-hoan; Inkiris Pepohoan[4][5][6]), onini “Pinpu” a sowal todong “Dafdaf” ano eca “enaray” sanay ko todong no sowal[7].

Tangasa to pikowan no Dipong a to’ek “Taywan Fancin demak” a tilidan o yincumin malitosa Kaosancu, Pinpuco[3]:13, kasaniyaro’ a Pinpuco finacadan ona palowaday to pifalic pala “Tongninco” sanay a syakay onto[5][8]. Tangasa no Conghuaminko to’ek a mikowan miteka o rayray no Pinpuco malasawaday to ko finacadan harateng, caay to pala o yincuminco cangra; ikor makerih to ko mikingkiway t ofinacadan no Taywan, onini likisi no Pinpuco miteka a masafaloco’ no syakay, nika o Pinpuco a finacadan ona oya “Pinpuco” koni finacadan, saan to ikor miliyaw a misilsil to kasasiiked masiroma[2][3]:18.

O Saisiyat ato Thao finadan ona nipacomodan i Pinpu a finacadan, nengnengen “Pinpuco”, “mapalatamdaway”, “maecakay finacadan” ato “manta’ finacadan” sanay ko pisiiked, onini o sakanga’ay no papotalay mikowan, caayay pidotoc to no yincuminco i nihamonan no niyah konini pisiiked, saka aniniay a pipangangan no Pinpu ano eca palowad to ngangan a onto. Tangasa 2022 miheca 10 folad 28 romi’ad, ono Conghuaminko kimpo a hoyin saki Silaya finacadan to kacingangan no yincumin a demak i, mihapiw to itiyaay ho “Rikec no kacingangan no yincumin” o caayay ka tatodong i kimpo, patodongen to tolo miheca ko pisalofan, mihayda to no Kaosancu a pisingsi malayincuminco o nano Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no Taywan, midotoc a pakayni sakacingangan nai tatapangan no rikec ko Pinpu finacadan[9].  </text>
      <sha1>8262unizv1eq2zvwuy9f8hmmemo14nd</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>46866</id>
      <parentid>46865</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-07-07T00:54:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Masaonikar</username>
        <id>570</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Pinpo finacadan (平埔族群) */</comment>
      <origin>46866</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2534" sha1="csszzavgqkmp91bh811zzu4y3805ugg" xml:space="preserve">== Pinpo finacadan (平埔族群) ==
Pinpo finacadan, to hatiniay Pinpoco han ko pitahidang, o pisiiked to sapikown to yincumin no Taywan a tahidang koni[2]. O roma a tahidang o Kaosancu; ikor midoedo to mikingkiway, ponkaan, itiya a mafana’ to o ’alomanay a finacadan caay ko cecayay a finacadan sato, anini falican ko pitahidang o Pinpocu fuinacadan hanto. Oya ’alomanay Pinpocu finacadan tangsa anini caay ho haydaen no Conghuaminko sifo o yincuminco caira, dengan oya pakapian i ’Amis finacadan a Kavalan finacadan.

Pinpo finacadan i’ayaw no pikowan no netherland, spain itiya o “Aporicini-アボリジニ” han ko pitahidang; pikowan to no Mancin i, saheto o mapalatamdaway, maecakay finacadan[1], ato Nama no fan, wairudona fan sanay ko pasasi’ayaw[3]:12. Orasaka o Cori sareta, Aporicini-アボリジニ itiraay i “Dafdafay pala” (Pingti caopu), samasa o sowal pangangan o Pingpuah, Pucirin, Pingpufan (Payrang: Pi-poo-hoan; Inkiris Pepohoan[4][5][6]), onini “Pinpu” a sowal todong “Dafdaf” ano eca “enaray” sanay ko todong no sowal[7].

Tangasa to pikowan no Dipong a to’ek “Taywan Fancin demak” a tilidan o yincumin malitosa Kaosancu, Pinpuco[3]:13, kasaniyaro’ a Pinpuco finacadan ona palowaday to pifalic pala “Tongninco” sanay a syakay onto[5][8]. Tangasa no Conghuaminko to’ek a mikowan miteka o rayray no Pinpuco malasawaday to ko finacadan harateng, caay to pala o yincuminco cangra; ikor makerih to ko mikingkiway t ofinacadan no Taywan, onini likisi no Pinpuco miteka a masafaloco’ no syakay, nika o Pinpuco a finacadan ona oya “Pinpuco” koni finacadan, saan to ikor miliyaw a misilsil to kasasiiked masiroma[2][3]:18.

O Saisiyat ato Thao finadan ona nipacomodan i Pinpu a finacadan, nengnengen “Pinpuco”, “mapalatamdaway”, “maecakay finacadan” ato “manta’ finacadan” sanay ko pisiiked, onini o sakanga’ay no papotalay mikowan, caayay pidotoc to no yincuminco i nihamonan no niyah konini pisiiked, saka aniniay a pipangangan no Pinpu ano eca palowad to ngangan a onto. Tangasa 2022 miheca 10 folad 28 romi’ad, ono Conghuaminko kimpo a hoyin saki Silaya finacadan to kacingangan no yincumin a demak i, mihapiw to itiyaay ho “Rikec no kacingangan no yincumin” o caayay ka tatodong i kimpo, patodongen to tolo miheca ko pisalofan, mihayda to no Kaosancu a pisingsi malayincuminco o nano Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no Taywan, midotoc a pakayni sakacingangan nai tatapangan no rikec ko Pinpu finacadan[9].  

=== Likisi (歷史)   ===</text>
      <sha1>csszzavgqkmp91bh811zzu4y3805ugg</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>46867</id>
      <parentid>46866</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-07-07T00:54:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Masaonikar</username>
        <id>570</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Likisi (歷史)   */</comment>
      <origin>46867</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2797" sha1="bg21wczyph3ykmvz1vxbi8jkfr3zhhq" xml:space="preserve">== Pinpo finacadan (平埔族群) ==
Pinpo finacadan, to hatiniay Pinpoco han ko pitahidang, o pisiiked to sapikown to yincumin no Taywan a tahidang koni[2]. O roma a tahidang o Kaosancu; ikor midoedo to mikingkiway, ponkaan, itiya a mafana’ to o ’alomanay a finacadan caay ko cecayay a finacadan sato, anini falican ko pitahidang o Pinpocu fuinacadan hanto. Oya ’alomanay Pinpocu finacadan tangsa anini caay ho haydaen no Conghuaminko sifo o yincuminco caira, dengan oya pakapian i ’Amis finacadan a Kavalan finacadan.

Pinpo finacadan i’ayaw no pikowan no netherland, spain itiya o “Aporicini-アボリジニ” han ko pitahidang; pikowan to no Mancin i, saheto o mapalatamdaway, maecakay finacadan[1], ato Nama no fan, wairudona fan sanay ko pasasi’ayaw[3]:12. Orasaka o Cori sareta, Aporicini-アボリジニ itiraay i “Dafdafay pala” (Pingti caopu), samasa o sowal pangangan o Pingpuah, Pucirin, Pingpufan (Payrang: Pi-poo-hoan; Inkiris Pepohoan[4][5][6]), onini “Pinpu” a sowal todong “Dafdaf” ano eca “enaray” sanay ko todong no sowal[7].

Tangasa to pikowan no Dipong a to’ek “Taywan Fancin demak” a tilidan o yincumin malitosa Kaosancu, Pinpuco[3]:13, kasaniyaro’ a Pinpuco finacadan ona palowaday to pifalic pala “Tongninco” sanay a syakay onto[5][8]. Tangasa no Conghuaminko to’ek a mikowan miteka o rayray no Pinpuco malasawaday to ko finacadan harateng, caay to pala o yincuminco cangra; ikor makerih to ko mikingkiway t ofinacadan no Taywan, onini likisi no Pinpuco miteka a masafaloco’ no syakay, nika o Pinpuco a finacadan ona oya “Pinpuco” koni finacadan, saan to ikor miliyaw a misilsil to kasasiiked masiroma[2][3]:18.

O Saisiyat ato Thao finadan ona nipacomodan i Pinpu a finacadan, nengnengen “Pinpuco”, “mapalatamdaway”, “maecakay finacadan” ato “manta’ finacadan” sanay ko pisiiked, onini o sakanga’ay no papotalay mikowan, caayay pidotoc to no yincuminco i nihamonan no niyah konini pisiiked, saka aniniay a pipangangan no Pinpu ano eca palowad to ngangan a onto. Tangasa 2022 miheca 10 folad 28 romi’ad, ono Conghuaminko kimpo a hoyin saki Silaya finacadan to kacingangan no yincumin a demak i, mihapiw to itiyaay ho “Rikec no kacingangan no yincumin” o caayay ka tatodong i kimpo, patodongen to tolo miheca ko pisalofan, mihayda to no Kaosancu a pisingsi malayincuminco o nano Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no Taywan, midotoc a pakayni sakacingangan nai tatapangan no rikec ko Pinpu finacadan[9].  

=== Likisi (歷史)   ===
O Pinpu a finacadan nai ’ayaw 17 sician katayni no Payrang i Taywan i, malesap nai ka’amis Yilan, Kilong tangasa katimol mililisay to saetip a riyar a dafdaf a sera, itira ira ko kasasiromaan no ponka, sowal, niyaro’ ko pihamon a saniyaro’an no sa’opo.</text>
      <sha1>bg21wczyph3ykmvz1vxbi8jkfr3zhhq</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>46868</id>
      <parentid>46867</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-07-07T00:54:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Masaonikar</username>
        <id>570</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Likisi (歷史)   */</comment>
      <origin>46868</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3010" sha1="ilgt59ggttohhceibdouj6n3ta2obqy" xml:space="preserve">== Pinpo finacadan (平埔族群) ==
Pinpo finacadan, to hatiniay Pinpoco han ko pitahidang, o pisiiked to sapikown to yincumin no Taywan a tahidang koni[2]. O roma a tahidang o Kaosancu; ikor midoedo to mikingkiway, ponkaan, itiya a mafana’ to o ’alomanay a finacadan caay ko cecayay a finacadan sato, anini falican ko pitahidang o Pinpocu fuinacadan hanto. Oya ’alomanay Pinpocu finacadan tangsa anini caay ho haydaen no Conghuaminko sifo o yincuminco caira, dengan oya pakapian i ’Amis finacadan a Kavalan finacadan.

Pinpo finacadan i’ayaw no pikowan no netherland, spain itiya o “Aporicini-アボリジニ” han ko pitahidang; pikowan to no Mancin i, saheto o mapalatamdaway, maecakay finacadan[1], ato Nama no fan, wairudona fan sanay ko pasasi’ayaw[3]:12. Orasaka o Cori sareta, Aporicini-アボリジニ itiraay i “Dafdafay pala” (Pingti caopu), samasa o sowal pangangan o Pingpuah, Pucirin, Pingpufan (Payrang: Pi-poo-hoan; Inkiris Pepohoan[4][5][6]), onini “Pinpu” a sowal todong “Dafdaf” ano eca “enaray” sanay ko todong no sowal[7].

Tangasa to pikowan no Dipong a to’ek “Taywan Fancin demak” a tilidan o yincumin malitosa Kaosancu, Pinpuco[3]:13, kasaniyaro’ a Pinpuco finacadan ona palowaday to pifalic pala “Tongninco” sanay a syakay onto[5][8]. Tangasa no Conghuaminko to’ek a mikowan miteka o rayray no Pinpuco malasawaday to ko finacadan harateng, caay to pala o yincuminco cangra; ikor makerih to ko mikingkiway t ofinacadan no Taywan, onini likisi no Pinpuco miteka a masafaloco’ no syakay, nika o Pinpuco a finacadan ona oya “Pinpuco” koni finacadan, saan to ikor miliyaw a misilsil to kasasiiked masiroma[2][3]:18.

O Saisiyat ato Thao finadan ona nipacomodan i Pinpu a finacadan, nengnengen “Pinpuco”, “mapalatamdaway”, “maecakay finacadan” ato “manta’ finacadan” sanay ko pisiiked, onini o sakanga’ay no papotalay mikowan, caayay pidotoc to no yincuminco i nihamonan no niyah konini pisiiked, saka aniniay a pipangangan no Pinpu ano eca palowad to ngangan a onto. Tangasa 2022 miheca 10 folad 28 romi’ad, ono Conghuaminko kimpo a hoyin saki Silaya finacadan to kacingangan no yincumin a demak i, mihapiw to itiyaay ho “Rikec no kacingangan no yincumin” o caayay ka tatodong i kimpo, patodongen to tolo miheca ko pisalofan, mihayda to no Kaosancu a pisingsi malayincuminco o nano Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no Taywan, midotoc a pakayni sakacingangan nai tatapangan no rikec ko Pinpu finacadan[9].  

=== Likisi (歷史)   ===
O Pinpu a finacadan nai ’ayaw 17 sician katayni no Payrang i Taywan i, malesap nai ka’amis Yilan, Kilong tangasa katimol mililisay to saetip a riyar a dafdaf a sera, itira ira ko kasasiromaan no ponka, sowal, niyaro’ ko pihamon a saniyaro’an no sa’opo.

Pinpu a fuinacadan ka’amis nai Suaw ato Tayal a kasasilaed, katimol nai Fanliaw ato Paiwanfinacadan malalaed, ikor maepec no Payrang o roma i malinah tayra roma a pala, matiya o Hengcun, Puli, Kalingko Posong.</text>
      <sha1>ilgt59ggttohhceibdouj6n3ta2obqy</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>46869</id>
      <parentid>46868</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-07-07T00:55:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Masaonikar</username>
        <id>570</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Likisi (歷史)   */</comment>
      <origin>46869</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3047" sha1="dyhdoi5nqcpo6k8t5axrq7b48cx4gw5" xml:space="preserve">== Pinpo finacadan (平埔族群) ==
Pinpo finacadan, to hatiniay Pinpoco han ko pitahidang, o pisiiked to sapikown to yincumin no Taywan a tahidang koni[2]. O roma a tahidang o Kaosancu; ikor midoedo to mikingkiway, ponkaan, itiya a mafana’ to o ’alomanay a finacadan caay ko cecayay a finacadan sato, anini falican ko pitahidang o Pinpocu fuinacadan hanto. Oya ’alomanay Pinpocu finacadan tangsa anini caay ho haydaen no Conghuaminko sifo o yincuminco caira, dengan oya pakapian i ’Amis finacadan a Kavalan finacadan.

Pinpo finacadan i’ayaw no pikowan no netherland, spain itiya o “Aporicini-アボリジニ” han ko pitahidang; pikowan to no Mancin i, saheto o mapalatamdaway, maecakay finacadan[1], ato Nama no fan, wairudona fan sanay ko pasasi’ayaw[3]:12. Orasaka o Cori sareta, Aporicini-アボリジニ itiraay i “Dafdafay pala” (Pingti caopu), samasa o sowal pangangan o Pingpuah, Pucirin, Pingpufan (Payrang: Pi-poo-hoan; Inkiris Pepohoan[4][5][6]), onini “Pinpu” a sowal todong “Dafdaf” ano eca “enaray” sanay ko todong no sowal[7].

Tangasa to pikowan no Dipong a to’ek “Taywan Fancin demak” a tilidan o yincumin malitosa Kaosancu, Pinpuco[3]:13, kasaniyaro’ a Pinpuco finacadan ona palowaday to pifalic pala “Tongninco” sanay a syakay onto[5][8]. Tangasa no Conghuaminko to’ek a mikowan miteka o rayray no Pinpuco malasawaday to ko finacadan harateng, caay to pala o yincuminco cangra; ikor makerih to ko mikingkiway t ofinacadan no Taywan, onini likisi no Pinpuco miteka a masafaloco’ no syakay, nika o Pinpuco a finacadan ona oya “Pinpuco” koni finacadan, saan to ikor miliyaw a misilsil to kasasiiked masiroma[2][3]:18.

O Saisiyat ato Thao finadan ona nipacomodan i Pinpu a finacadan, nengnengen “Pinpuco”, “mapalatamdaway”, “maecakay finacadan” ato “manta’ finacadan” sanay ko pisiiked, onini o sakanga’ay no papotalay mikowan, caayay pidotoc to no yincuminco i nihamonan no niyah konini pisiiked, saka aniniay a pipangangan no Pinpu ano eca palowad to ngangan a onto. Tangasa 2022 miheca 10 folad 28 romi’ad, ono Conghuaminko kimpo a hoyin saki Silaya finacadan to kacingangan no yincumin a demak i, mihapiw to itiyaay ho “Rikec no kacingangan no yincumin” o caayay ka tatodong i kimpo, patodongen to tolo miheca ko pisalofan, mihayda to no Kaosancu a pisingsi malayincuminco o nano Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no Taywan, midotoc a pakayni sakacingangan nai tatapangan no rikec ko Pinpu finacadan[9].  

=== Likisi (歷史)   ===
O Pinpu a finacadan nai ’ayaw 17 sician katayni no Payrang i Taywan i, malesap nai ka’amis Yilan, Kilong tangasa katimol mililisay to saetip a riyar a dafdaf a sera, itira ira ko kasasiromaan no ponka, sowal, niyaro’ ko pihamon a saniyaro’an no sa’opo.

Pinpu a fuinacadan ka’amis nai Suaw ato Tayal a kasasilaed, katimol nai Fanliaw ato Paiwanfinacadan malalaed, ikor maepec no Payrang o roma i malinah tayra roma a pala, matiya o Hengcun, Puli, Kalingko Posong.

=== Pakayraan no sowal (詞源) ===</text>
      <sha1>dyhdoi5nqcpo6k8t5axrq7b48cx4gw5</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>46870</id>
      <parentid>46869</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-07-07T00:57:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Masaonikar</username>
        <id>570</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Pakayraan no sowal (詞源) */</comment>
      <origin>46870</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3367" sha1="tkh25ob3svoewk988cxvr3fa3t9ovte" xml:space="preserve">== Pinpu finacadan (平埔族群) ==
Pinpu finacadan, to hatiniay Pinpoco han ko pitahidang, o pisiiked to sapikown to yincumin no Taywan a tahidang koni[2]. O roma a tahidang o Kaosancu; ikor midoedo to mikingkiway, ponkaan, itiya a mafana’ to o ’alomanay a finacadan caay ko cecayay a finacadan sato, anini falican ko pitahidang o Pinpocu fuinacadan hanto. Oya ’alomanay Pinpuco finacadan tangsa anini caay ho haydaen no Conghuaminko sifo o yincuminco caira, dengan oya pakapian i ’Amis finacadan a Kavalan finacadan.

Pinpu finacadan i’ayaw no pikowan no netherland, spain itiya o “Aporicini-アボリジニ” han ko pitahidang; pikowan to no Mancin i, saheto o mapalatamdaway, maecakay finacadan[1], ato Nama no fan, wairudona fan sanay ko pasasi’ayaw[3]:12. Orasaka o Cori sareta, Aporicini-アボリジニ itiraay i “Dafdafay pala” (Pingti caopu), samasa o sowal pangangan o Pingpuah, Pucirin, Pingpufan (Payrang: Pi-poo-hoan; Inkiris Pepohoan[4][5][6]), onini “Pinpu” a sowal todong “Dafdaf” ano eca “enaray” sanay ko todong no sowal[7].

Tangasa to pikowan no Dipong a to’ek “Taywan Fancin demak” a tilidan o yincumin malitosa Kaosancu, Pinpuco[3]:13, kasaniyaro’ a Pinpuco finacadan ona palowaday to pifalic pala “Tongninco” sanay a syakay onto[5][8]. Tangasa no Conghuaminko to’ek a mikowan miteka o rayray no Pinpuco malasawaday to ko finacadan harateng, caay to pala o yincuminco cangra; ikor makerih to ko mikingkiway t ofinacadan no Taywan, onini likisi no Pinpuco miteka a masafaloco’ no syakay, nika o Pinpuco a finacadan ona oya “Pinpuco” koni finacadan, saan to ikor miliyaw a misilsil to kasasiiked masiroma[2][3]:18.

O Saisiyat ato Thao finadan ona nipacomodan i Pinpu a finacadan, nengnengen “Pinpuco”, “mapalatamdaway”, “maecakay finacadan” ato “manta’ finacadan” sanay ko pisiiked, onini o sakanga’ay no papotalay mikowan, caayay pidotoc to no yincuminco i nihamonan no niyah konini pisiiked, saka aniniay a pipangangan no Pinpu ano eca palowad to ngangan a onto. Tangasa 2022 miheca 10 folad 28 romi’ad, ono Conghuaminko kimpo a hoyin saki Silaya finacadan to kacingangan no yincumin a demak i, mihapiw to itiyaay ho “Rikec no kacingangan no yincumin” o caayay ka tatodong i kimpo, patodongen to tolo miheca ko pisalofan, mihayda to no Kaosancu a pisingsi malayincuminco o nano Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no Taywan, midotoc a pakayni sakacingangan nai tatapangan no rikec ko Pinpu finacadan[9].  

=== Likisi (歷史)   ===
O Pinpu a finacadan nai ’ayaw 17 sician katayni no Payrang i Taywan i, malesap nai ka’amis Yilan, Kilong tangasa katimol mililisay to saetip a riyar a dafdaf a sera, itira ira ko kasasiromaan no ponka, sowal, niyaro’ ko pihamon a saniyaro’an no sa’opo.

Pinpu a fuinacadan ka’amis nai Suaw ato Tayal a kasasilaed, katimol nai Fanliaw ato Paiwanfinacadan malalaed, ikor maepec no Payrang o roma i malinah tayra roma a pala, matiya o Hengcun, Puli, Kalingko Posong.

=== Pakayraan no sowal (詞源) ===
“Pinpu” a sowal a padotocan, manga’ay so’edacen nai Cingcao Yongceng pikowan Huangsujin “Taihai sicalu” (ikor no 1742 miheca), onini a tilid masowal ko “kasa Pinpu a saniyaro’” a sowal, ikor nai ci Chen Lunjiong a “Haikuo wencienlu” (1731 miheca) ira masadak ko “Pinpu yincumin” a sowal[3]:13.</text>
      <sha1>tkh25ob3svoewk988cxvr3fa3t9ovte</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>46871</id>
      <parentid>46870</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-07-07T00:58:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Masaonikar</username>
        <id>570</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Pakayraan no sowal (詞源) */</comment>
      <origin>46871</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3792" sha1="1c9wjr0pkqn9ecssv8k0wiklanvichs" xml:space="preserve">== Pinpu finacadan (平埔族群) ==
Pinpu finacadan, to hatiniay Pinpoco han ko pitahidang, o pisiiked to sapikown to yincumin no Taywan a tahidang koni[2]. O roma a tahidang o Kaosancu; ikor midoedo to mikingkiway, ponkaan, itiya a mafana’ to o ’alomanay a finacadan caay ko cecayay a finacadan sato, anini falican ko pitahidang o Pinpocu fuinacadan hanto. Oya ’alomanay Pinpuco finacadan tangsa anini caay ho haydaen no Conghuaminko sifo o yincuminco caira, dengan oya pakapian i ’Amis finacadan a Kavalan finacadan.

Pinpu finacadan i’ayaw no pikowan no netherland, spain itiya o “Aporicini-アボリジニ” han ko pitahidang; pikowan to no Mancin i, saheto o mapalatamdaway, maecakay finacadan[1], ato Nama no fan, wairudona fan sanay ko pasasi’ayaw[3]:12. Orasaka o Cori sareta, Aporicini-アボリジニ itiraay i “Dafdafay pala” (Pingti caopu), samasa o sowal pangangan o Pingpuah, Pucirin, Pingpufan (Payrang: Pi-poo-hoan; Inkiris Pepohoan[4][5][6]), onini “Pinpu” a sowal todong “Dafdaf” ano eca “enaray” sanay ko todong no sowal[7].

Tangasa to pikowan no Dipong a to’ek “Taywan Fancin demak” a tilidan o yincumin malitosa Kaosancu, Pinpuco[3]:13, kasaniyaro’ a Pinpuco finacadan ona palowaday to pifalic pala “Tongninco” sanay a syakay onto[5][8]. Tangasa no Conghuaminko to’ek a mikowan miteka o rayray no Pinpuco malasawaday to ko finacadan harateng, caay to pala o yincuminco cangra; ikor makerih to ko mikingkiway t ofinacadan no Taywan, onini likisi no Pinpuco miteka a masafaloco’ no syakay, nika o Pinpuco a finacadan ona oya “Pinpuco” koni finacadan, saan to ikor miliyaw a misilsil to kasasiiked masiroma[2][3]:18.

O Saisiyat ato Thao finadan ona nipacomodan i Pinpu a finacadan, nengnengen “Pinpuco”, “mapalatamdaway”, “maecakay finacadan” ato “manta’ finacadan” sanay ko pisiiked, onini o sakanga’ay no papotalay mikowan, caayay pidotoc to no yincuminco i nihamonan no niyah konini pisiiked, saka aniniay a pipangangan no Pinpu ano eca palowad to ngangan a onto. Tangasa 2022 miheca 10 folad 28 romi’ad, ono Conghuaminko kimpo a hoyin saki Silaya finacadan to kacingangan no yincumin a demak i, mihapiw to itiyaay ho “Rikec no kacingangan no yincumin” o caayay ka tatodong i kimpo, patodongen to tolo miheca ko pisalofan, mihayda to no Kaosancu a pisingsi malayincuminco o nano Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no Taywan, midotoc a pakayni sakacingangan nai tatapangan no rikec ko Pinpu finacadan[9].  

=== Likisi (歷史)   ===
O Pinpu a finacadan nai ’ayaw 17 sician katayni no Payrang i Taywan i, malesap nai ka’amis Yilan, Kilong tangasa katimol mililisay to saetip a riyar a dafdaf a sera, itira ira ko kasasiromaan no ponka, sowal, niyaro’ ko pihamon a saniyaro’an no sa’opo.

Pinpu a fuinacadan ka’amis nai Suaw ato Tayal a kasasilaed, katimol nai Fanliaw ato Paiwanfinacadan malalaed, ikor maepec no Payrang o roma i malinah tayra roma a pala, matiya o Hengcun, Puli, Kalingko Posong.

=== Pakayraan no sowal (詞源) ===
“Pinpu” a sowal a padotocan, manga’ay so’edacen nai Cingcao Yongceng pikowan Huangsujin “Taihai sicalu” (ikor no 1742 miheca), onini a tilid masowal ko “kasa Pinpu a saniyaro’” a sowal, ikor nai ci Chen Lunjiong a “Haikuo wencienlu” (1731 miheca) ira masadak ko “Pinpu yincumin” a sowal[3]:13.

Nawhani o ponka no yincumin macacofelay i no Payrang a finacadan, orasaka i ’ayaway no Payrang a rayray no likisi no Taywan masowal ko “Fan” [3]. Nai “Fan” a tilidan, pahecian a sowal a minengneng, “Fan” oya “macengelay” ato “omah” patatekoan, o maomahay a tamdaw sanay ko pitoro’, matiniay ko sa’orip. Nika, itini i romaay finacadan konengneng, “Fan” iraay ko mipelesay, miepecay a sowal[11].</text>
      <sha1>1c9wjr0pkqn9ecssv8k0wiklanvichs</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>46872</id>
      <parentid>46871</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-07-07T00:58:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Masaonikar</username>
        <id>570</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Pakayraan no sowal (詞源) */</comment>
      <origin>46872</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4258" sha1="comrpop1nt7f8btaamak2dczqrdkkyf" xml:space="preserve">== Pinpu finacadan (平埔族群) ==
Pinpu finacadan, to hatiniay Pinpoco han ko pitahidang, o pisiiked to sapikown to yincumin no Taywan a tahidang koni[2]. O roma a tahidang o Kaosancu; ikor midoedo to mikingkiway, ponkaan, itiya a mafana’ to o ’alomanay a finacadan caay ko cecayay a finacadan sato, anini falican ko pitahidang o Pinpocu fuinacadan hanto. Oya ’alomanay Pinpuco finacadan tangsa anini caay ho haydaen no Conghuaminko sifo o yincuminco caira, dengan oya pakapian i ’Amis finacadan a Kavalan finacadan.

Pinpu finacadan i’ayaw no pikowan no netherland, spain itiya o “Aporicini-アボリジニ” han ko pitahidang; pikowan to no Mancin i, saheto o mapalatamdaway, maecakay finacadan[1], ato Nama no fan, wairudona fan sanay ko pasasi’ayaw[3]:12. Orasaka o Cori sareta, Aporicini-アボリジニ itiraay i “Dafdafay pala” (Pingti caopu), samasa o sowal pangangan o Pingpuah, Pucirin, Pingpufan (Payrang: Pi-poo-hoan; Inkiris Pepohoan[4][5][6]), onini “Pinpu” a sowal todong “Dafdaf” ano eca “enaray” sanay ko todong no sowal[7].

Tangasa to pikowan no Dipong a to’ek “Taywan Fancin demak” a tilidan o yincumin malitosa Kaosancu, Pinpuco[3]:13, kasaniyaro’ a Pinpuco finacadan ona palowaday to pifalic pala “Tongninco” sanay a syakay onto[5][8]. Tangasa no Conghuaminko to’ek a mikowan miteka o rayray no Pinpuco malasawaday to ko finacadan harateng, caay to pala o yincuminco cangra; ikor makerih to ko mikingkiway t ofinacadan no Taywan, onini likisi no Pinpuco miteka a masafaloco’ no syakay, nika o Pinpuco a finacadan ona oya “Pinpuco” koni finacadan, saan to ikor miliyaw a misilsil to kasasiiked masiroma[2][3]:18.

O Saisiyat ato Thao finadan ona nipacomodan i Pinpu a finacadan, nengnengen “Pinpuco”, “mapalatamdaway”, “maecakay finacadan” ato “manta’ finacadan” sanay ko pisiiked, onini o sakanga’ay no papotalay mikowan, caayay pidotoc to no yincuminco i nihamonan no niyah konini pisiiked, saka aniniay a pipangangan no Pinpu ano eca palowad to ngangan a onto. Tangasa 2022 miheca 10 folad 28 romi’ad, ono Conghuaminko kimpo a hoyin saki Silaya finacadan to kacingangan no yincumin a demak i, mihapiw to itiyaay ho “Rikec no kacingangan no yincumin” o caayay ka tatodong i kimpo, patodongen to tolo miheca ko pisalofan, mihayda to no Kaosancu a pisingsi malayincuminco o nano Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no Taywan, midotoc a pakayni sakacingangan nai tatapangan no rikec ko Pinpu finacadan[9].  

=== Likisi (歷史)   ===
O Pinpu a finacadan nai ’ayaw 17 sician katayni no Payrang i Taywan i, malesap nai ka’amis Yilan, Kilong tangasa katimol mililisay to saetip a riyar a dafdaf a sera, itira ira ko kasasiromaan no ponka, sowal, niyaro’ ko pihamon a saniyaro’an no sa’opo.

Pinpu a fuinacadan ka’amis nai Suaw ato Tayal a kasasilaed, katimol nai Fanliaw ato Paiwanfinacadan malalaed, ikor maepec no Payrang o roma i malinah tayra roma a pala, matiya o Hengcun, Puli, Kalingko Posong.

=== Pakayraan no sowal (詞源) ===
“Pinpu” a sowal a padotocan, manga’ay so’edacen nai Cingcao Yongceng pikowan Huangsujin “Taihai sicalu” (ikor no 1742 miheca), onini a tilid masowal ko “kasa Pinpu a saniyaro’” a sowal, ikor nai ci Chen Lunjiong a “Haikuo wencienlu” (1731 miheca) ira masadak ko “Pinpu yincumin” a sowal[3]:13.

Nawhani o ponka no yincumin macacofelay i no Payrang a finacadan, orasaka i ’ayaway no Payrang a rayray no likisi no Taywan masowal ko “Fan” [3]. Nai “Fan” a tilidan, pahecian a sowal a minengneng, “Fan” oya “macengelay” ato “omah” patatekoan, o maomahay a tamdaw sanay ko pitoro’, matiniay ko sa’orip. Nika, itini i romaay finacadan konengneng, “Fan” iraay ko mipelesay, miepecay a sowal[11].

I’ayaw yincumin no Taywan dengan o “niyaro’” ko iraay awaay ko “finacadan” sanay a latrkan[3]:12, orasaka o niyaro’ sato ko pitahidang. Tinako: Tacia kawaliay niyaro’ (tongsya) ato Tacia kaetipay niyaro’ “sisya” maro’ay, sacisowal sato o Tasya a tamdaw. O Pinpu finacadan ano eca Pinpu maecakay finacadan sanay a sowal i matiliday, o sapisiiked toya mangta’ay finacadan ato malafelay finacadan ato lotokay finacadan sanay ko pasasiromaan.</text>
      <sha1>comrpop1nt7f8btaamak2dczqrdkkyf</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>46873</id>
      <parentid>46872</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-07-07T00:58:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Masaonikar</username>
        <id>570</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Pakayraan no sowal (詞源) */</comment>
      <origin>46873</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5233" sha1="6f8e17qdegtjkwizm49dl9h7ab3j7vk" xml:space="preserve">== Pinpu finacadan (平埔族群) ==
Pinpu finacadan, to hatiniay Pinpoco han ko pitahidang, o pisiiked to sapikown to yincumin no Taywan a tahidang koni[2]. O roma a tahidang o Kaosancu; ikor midoedo to mikingkiway, ponkaan, itiya a mafana’ to o ’alomanay a finacadan caay ko cecayay a finacadan sato, anini falican ko pitahidang o Pinpocu fuinacadan hanto. Oya ’alomanay Pinpuco finacadan tangsa anini caay ho haydaen no Conghuaminko sifo o yincuminco caira, dengan oya pakapian i ’Amis finacadan a Kavalan finacadan.

Pinpu finacadan i’ayaw no pikowan no netherland, spain itiya o “Aporicini-アボリジニ” han ko pitahidang; pikowan to no Mancin i, saheto o mapalatamdaway, maecakay finacadan[1], ato Nama no fan, wairudona fan sanay ko pasasi’ayaw[3]:12. Orasaka o Cori sareta, Aporicini-アボリジニ itiraay i “Dafdafay pala” (Pingti caopu), samasa o sowal pangangan o Pingpuah, Pucirin, Pingpufan (Payrang: Pi-poo-hoan; Inkiris Pepohoan[4][5][6]), onini “Pinpu” a sowal todong “Dafdaf” ano eca “enaray” sanay ko todong no sowal[7].

Tangasa to pikowan no Dipong a to’ek “Taywan Fancin demak” a tilidan o yincumin malitosa Kaosancu, Pinpuco[3]:13, kasaniyaro’ a Pinpuco finacadan ona palowaday to pifalic pala “Tongninco” sanay a syakay onto[5][8]. Tangasa no Conghuaminko to’ek a mikowan miteka o rayray no Pinpuco malasawaday to ko finacadan harateng, caay to pala o yincuminco cangra; ikor makerih to ko mikingkiway t ofinacadan no Taywan, onini likisi no Pinpuco miteka a masafaloco’ no syakay, nika o Pinpuco a finacadan ona oya “Pinpuco” koni finacadan, saan to ikor miliyaw a misilsil to kasasiiked masiroma[2][3]:18.

O Saisiyat ato Thao finadan ona nipacomodan i Pinpu a finacadan, nengnengen “Pinpuco”, “mapalatamdaway”, “maecakay finacadan” ato “manta’ finacadan” sanay ko pisiiked, onini o sakanga’ay no papotalay mikowan, caayay pidotoc to no yincuminco i nihamonan no niyah konini pisiiked, saka aniniay a pipangangan no Pinpu ano eca palowad to ngangan a onto. Tangasa 2022 miheca 10 folad 28 romi’ad, ono Conghuaminko kimpo a hoyin saki Silaya finacadan to kacingangan no yincumin a demak i, mihapiw to itiyaay ho “Rikec no kacingangan no yincumin” o caayay ka tatodong i kimpo, patodongen to tolo miheca ko pisalofan, mihayda to no Kaosancu a pisingsi malayincuminco o nano Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no Taywan, midotoc a pakayni sakacingangan nai tatapangan no rikec ko Pinpu finacadan[9].  

=== Likisi (歷史)   ===
O Pinpu a finacadan nai ’ayaw 17 sician katayni no Payrang i Taywan i, malesap nai ka’amis Yilan, Kilong tangasa katimol mililisay to saetip a riyar a dafdaf a sera, itira ira ko kasasiromaan no ponka, sowal, niyaro’ ko pihamon a saniyaro’an no sa’opo.

Pinpu a fuinacadan ka’amis nai Suaw ato Tayal a kasasilaed, katimol nai Fanliaw ato Paiwanfinacadan malalaed, ikor maepec no Payrang o roma i malinah tayra roma a pala, matiya o Hengcun, Puli, Kalingko Posong.

=== Pakayraan no sowal (詞源) ===
“Pinpu” a sowal a padotocan, manga’ay so’edacen nai Cingcao Yongceng pikowan Huangsujin “Taihai sicalu” (ikor no 1742 miheca), onini a tilid masowal ko “kasa Pinpu a saniyaro’” a sowal, ikor nai ci Chen Lunjiong a “Haikuo wencienlu” (1731 miheca) ira masadak ko “Pinpu yincumin” a sowal[3]:13.

Nawhani o ponka no yincumin macacofelay i no Payrang a finacadan, orasaka i ’ayaway no Payrang a rayray no likisi no Taywan masowal ko “Fan” [3]. Nai “Fan” a tilidan, pahecian a sowal a minengneng, “Fan” oya “macengelay” ato “omah” patatekoan, o maomahay a tamdaw sanay ko pitoro’, matiniay ko sa’orip. Nika, itini i romaay finacadan konengneng, “Fan” iraay ko mipelesay, miepecay a sowal[11].

I’ayaw yincumin no Taywan dengan o “niyaro’” ko iraay awaay ko “finacadan” sanay a latrkan[3]:12, orasaka o niyaro’ sato ko pitahidang. Tinako: Tacia kawaliay niyaro’ (tongsya) ato Tacia kaetipay niyaro’ “sisya” maro’ay, sacisowal sato o Tasya a tamdaw. O Pinpu finacadan ano eca Pinpu maecakay finacadan sanay a sowal i matiliday, o sapisiiked toya mangta’ay finacadan ato malafelay finacadan ato lotokay finacadan sanay ko pasasiromaan.

Talacawa nai 18 sician matilid no Mancin o Maecakay a Pinpu sanay ko pitahidang, mika itira i 19 sician mangalef ko nikasowal[4]. Rahodayen ko sowal, i 18 sician matilid o “Pinpu fan”, “Pinpu maecakay fan”, o patoro’ to itiraay i dafdafay no Pintong, dafdafay no Yilan, dafdafay no Posong ato dafdafay no Hengcun a yincumin finacadan. So’elinen ko sowal, o nisowalan no mita anini oya “Pinpu finacadan” tosaay ko pisimed to sasowalen: “Pinpu” ato “Maecakay finacadan”. O cecay a sowal “Pinpu” malifong i kasaniyaro’, oya “maecakay a finacadan” o sowal no mikowanay; nika soelinay, naikoran no Mancin, “Pinpu”, “Maecakay finacadan” itiraay i kasasiroma no finacadan, o mirarakatay a sdowal koni a pitahidang. O pisetek malecaday o pisiiked to sasiroma no sa’etal, tinako itiraay i Hencun, “Maecakay finacadan” snay a pisetek to micamolay to Payrang ato Yincumin, saka “Maecakay finacadan” a niyaro’ han ko pitahidang.  </text>
      <sha1>6f8e17qdegtjkwizm49dl9h7ab3j7vk</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>46874</id>
      <parentid>46873</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-07-07T00:59:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Masaonikar</username>
        <id>570</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Pakayraan no sowal (詞源) */</comment>
      <origin>46874</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5262" sha1="4b7j8ul0fsuueuuqhwq7mlseyag9jcv" xml:space="preserve">== Pinpu finacadan (平埔族群) ==
Pinpu finacadan, to hatiniay Pinpoco han ko pitahidang, o pisiiked to sapikown to yincumin no Taywan a tahidang koni[2]. O roma a tahidang o Kaosancu; ikor midoedo to mikingkiway, ponkaan, itiya a mafana’ to o ’alomanay a finacadan caay ko cecayay a finacadan sato, anini falican ko pitahidang o Pinpocu fuinacadan hanto. Oya ’alomanay Pinpuco finacadan tangsa anini caay ho haydaen no Conghuaminko sifo o yincuminco caira, dengan oya pakapian i ’Amis finacadan a Kavalan finacadan.

Pinpu finacadan i’ayaw no pikowan no netherland, spain itiya o “Aporicini-アボリジニ” han ko pitahidang; pikowan to no Mancin i, saheto o mapalatamdaway, maecakay finacadan[1], ato Nama no fan, wairudona fan sanay ko pasasi’ayaw[3]:12. Orasaka o Cori sareta, Aporicini-アボリジニ itiraay i “Dafdafay pala” (Pingti caopu), samasa o sowal pangangan o Pingpuah, Pucirin, Pingpufan (Payrang: Pi-poo-hoan; Inkiris Pepohoan[4][5][6]), onini “Pinpu” a sowal todong “Dafdaf” ano eca “enaray” sanay ko todong no sowal[7].

Tangasa to pikowan no Dipong a to’ek “Taywan Fancin demak” a tilidan o yincumin malitosa Kaosancu, Pinpuco[3]:13, kasaniyaro’ a Pinpuco finacadan ona palowaday to pifalic pala “Tongninco” sanay a syakay onto[5][8]. Tangasa no Conghuaminko to’ek a mikowan miteka o rayray no Pinpuco malasawaday to ko finacadan harateng, caay to pala o yincuminco cangra; ikor makerih to ko mikingkiway t ofinacadan no Taywan, onini likisi no Pinpuco miteka a masafaloco’ no syakay, nika o Pinpuco a finacadan ona oya “Pinpuco” koni finacadan, saan to ikor miliyaw a misilsil to kasasiiked masiroma[2][3]:18.

O Saisiyat ato Thao finadan ona nipacomodan i Pinpu a finacadan, nengnengen “Pinpuco”, “mapalatamdaway”, “maecakay finacadan” ato “manta’ finacadan” sanay ko pisiiked, onini o sakanga’ay no papotalay mikowan, caayay pidotoc to no yincuminco i nihamonan no niyah konini pisiiked, saka aniniay a pipangangan no Pinpu ano eca palowad to ngangan a onto. Tangasa 2022 miheca 10 folad 28 romi’ad, ono Conghuaminko kimpo a hoyin saki Silaya finacadan to kacingangan no yincumin a demak i, mihapiw to itiyaay ho “Rikec no kacingangan no yincumin” o caayay ka tatodong i kimpo, patodongen to tolo miheca ko pisalofan, mihayda to no Kaosancu a pisingsi malayincuminco o nano Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no Taywan, midotoc a pakayni sakacingangan nai tatapangan no rikec ko Pinpu finacadan[9].  

=== Likisi (歷史)   ===
O Pinpu a finacadan nai ’ayaw 17 sician katayni no Payrang i Taywan i, malesap nai ka’amis Yilan, Kilong tangasa katimol mililisay to saetip a riyar a dafdaf a sera, itira ira ko kasasiromaan no ponka, sowal, niyaro’ ko pihamon a saniyaro’an no sa’opo.

Pinpu a fuinacadan ka’amis nai Suaw ato Tayal a kasasilaed, katimol nai Fanliaw ato Paiwanfinacadan malalaed, ikor maepec no Payrang o roma i malinah tayra roma a pala, matiya o Hengcun, Puli, Kalingko Posong.

=== Pakayraan no sowal (詞源) ===
“Pinpu” a sowal a padotocan, manga’ay so’edacen nai Cingcao Yongceng pikowan Huangsujin “Taihai sicalu” (ikor no 1742 miheca), onini a tilid masowal ko “kasa Pinpu a saniyaro’” a sowal, ikor nai ci Chen Lunjiong a “Haikuo wencienlu” (1731 miheca) ira masadak ko “Pinpu yincumin” a sowal[3]:13.

Nawhani o ponka no yincumin macacofelay i no Payrang a finacadan, orasaka i ’ayaway no Payrang a rayray no likisi no Taywan masowal ko “Fan” [3]. Nai “Fan” a tilidan, pahecian a sowal a minengneng, “Fan” oya “macengelay” ato “omah” patatekoan, o maomahay a tamdaw sanay ko pitoro’, matiniay ko sa’orip. Nika, itini i romaay finacadan konengneng, “Fan” iraay ko mipelesay, miepecay a sowal[11].

I’ayaw yincumin no Taywan dengan o “niyaro’” ko iraay awaay ko “finacadan” sanay a latrkan[3]:12, orasaka o niyaro’ sato ko pitahidang. Tinako: Tacia kawaliay niyaro’ (tongsya) ato Tacia kaetipay niyaro’ “sisya” maro’ay, sacisowal sato o Tasya a tamdaw. O Pinpu finacadan ano eca Pinpu maecakay finacadan sanay a sowal i matiliday, o sapisiiked toya mangta’ay finacadan ato malafelay finacadan ato lotokay finacadan sanay ko pasasiromaan.

Talacawa nai 18 sician matilid no Mancin o Maecakay a Pinpu sanay ko pitahidang, mika itira i 19 sician mangalef ko nikasowal[4]. Rahodayen ko sowal, i 18 sician matilid o “Pinpu fan”, “Pinpu maecakay fan”, o patoro’ to itiraay i dafdafay no Pintong, dafdafay no Yilan, dafdafay no Posong ato dafdafay no Hengcun a yincumin finacadan. So’elinen ko sowal, o nisowalan no mita anini oya “Pinpu finacadan” tosaay ko pisimed to sasowalen: “Pinpu” ato “Maecakay finacadan”. O cecay a sowal “Pinpu” malifong i kasaniyaro’, oya “maecakay a finacadan” o sowal no mikowanay; nika soelinay, naikoran no Mancin, “Pinpu”, “Maecakay finacadan” itiraay i kasasiroma no finacadan, o mirarakatay a sdowal koni a pitahidang. O pisetek malecaday o pisiiked to sasiroma no sa’etal, tinako itiraay i Hencun, “Maecakay finacadan” snay a pisetek to micamolay to Payrang ato Yincumin, saka “Maecakay finacadan” a niyaro’ han ko pitahidang.  

=== Kasasiiked (分類) ===</text>
      <sha1>4b7j8ul0fsuueuuqhwq7mlseyag9jcv</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>46875</id>
      <parentid>46874</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-07-07T00:59:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Masaonikar</username>
        <id>570</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Kasasiiked (分類) */</comment>
      <origin>46875</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5684" sha1="apwi7cykch5ldk965s9sra3aoqpy78a" xml:space="preserve">== Pinpu finacadan (平埔族群) ==
Pinpu finacadan, to hatiniay Pinpoco han ko pitahidang, o pisiiked to sapikown to yincumin no Taywan a tahidang koni[2]. O roma a tahidang o Kaosancu; ikor midoedo to mikingkiway, ponkaan, itiya a mafana’ to o ’alomanay a finacadan caay ko cecayay a finacadan sato, anini falican ko pitahidang o Pinpocu fuinacadan hanto. Oya ’alomanay Pinpuco finacadan tangsa anini caay ho haydaen no Conghuaminko sifo o yincuminco caira, dengan oya pakapian i ’Amis finacadan a Kavalan finacadan.

Pinpu finacadan i’ayaw no pikowan no netherland, spain itiya o “Aporicini-アボリジニ” han ko pitahidang; pikowan to no Mancin i, saheto o mapalatamdaway, maecakay finacadan[1], ato Nama no fan, wairudona fan sanay ko pasasi’ayaw[3]:12. Orasaka o Cori sareta, Aporicini-アボリジニ itiraay i “Dafdafay pala” (Pingti caopu), samasa o sowal pangangan o Pingpuah, Pucirin, Pingpufan (Payrang: Pi-poo-hoan; Inkiris Pepohoan[4][5][6]), onini “Pinpu” a sowal todong “Dafdaf” ano eca “enaray” sanay ko todong no sowal[7].

Tangasa to pikowan no Dipong a to’ek “Taywan Fancin demak” a tilidan o yincumin malitosa Kaosancu, Pinpuco[3]:13, kasaniyaro’ a Pinpuco finacadan ona palowaday to pifalic pala “Tongninco” sanay a syakay onto[5][8]. Tangasa no Conghuaminko to’ek a mikowan miteka o rayray no Pinpuco malasawaday to ko finacadan harateng, caay to pala o yincuminco cangra; ikor makerih to ko mikingkiway t ofinacadan no Taywan, onini likisi no Pinpuco miteka a masafaloco’ no syakay, nika o Pinpuco a finacadan ona oya “Pinpuco” koni finacadan, saan to ikor miliyaw a misilsil to kasasiiked masiroma[2][3]:18.

O Saisiyat ato Thao finadan ona nipacomodan i Pinpu a finacadan, nengnengen “Pinpuco”, “mapalatamdaway”, “maecakay finacadan” ato “manta’ finacadan” sanay ko pisiiked, onini o sakanga’ay no papotalay mikowan, caayay pidotoc to no yincuminco i nihamonan no niyah konini pisiiked, saka aniniay a pipangangan no Pinpu ano eca palowad to ngangan a onto. Tangasa 2022 miheca 10 folad 28 romi’ad, ono Conghuaminko kimpo a hoyin saki Silaya finacadan to kacingangan no yincumin a demak i, mihapiw to itiyaay ho “Rikec no kacingangan no yincumin” o caayay ka tatodong i kimpo, patodongen to tolo miheca ko pisalofan, mihayda to no Kaosancu a pisingsi malayincuminco o nano Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no Taywan, midotoc a pakayni sakacingangan nai tatapangan no rikec ko Pinpu finacadan[9].  

=== Likisi (歷史)   ===
O Pinpu a finacadan nai ’ayaw 17 sician katayni no Payrang i Taywan i, malesap nai ka’amis Yilan, Kilong tangasa katimol mililisay to saetip a riyar a dafdaf a sera, itira ira ko kasasiromaan no ponka, sowal, niyaro’ ko pihamon a saniyaro’an no sa’opo.

Pinpu a fuinacadan ka’amis nai Suaw ato Tayal a kasasilaed, katimol nai Fanliaw ato Paiwanfinacadan malalaed, ikor maepec no Payrang o roma i malinah tayra roma a pala, matiya o Hengcun, Puli, Kalingko Posong.

=== Pakayraan no sowal (詞源) ===
“Pinpu” a sowal a padotocan, manga’ay so’edacen nai Cingcao Yongceng pikowan Huangsujin “Taihai sicalu” (ikor no 1742 miheca), onini a tilid masowal ko “kasa Pinpu a saniyaro’” a sowal, ikor nai ci Chen Lunjiong a “Haikuo wencienlu” (1731 miheca) ira masadak ko “Pinpu yincumin” a sowal[3]:13.

Nawhani o ponka no yincumin macacofelay i no Payrang a finacadan, orasaka i ’ayaway no Payrang a rayray no likisi no Taywan masowal ko “Fan” [3]. Nai “Fan” a tilidan, pahecian a sowal a minengneng, “Fan” oya “macengelay” ato “omah” patatekoan, o maomahay a tamdaw sanay ko pitoro’, matiniay ko sa’orip. Nika, itini i romaay finacadan konengneng, “Fan” iraay ko mipelesay, miepecay a sowal[11].

I’ayaw yincumin no Taywan dengan o “niyaro’” ko iraay awaay ko “finacadan” sanay a latrkan[3]:12, orasaka o niyaro’ sato ko pitahidang. Tinako: Tacia kawaliay niyaro’ (tongsya) ato Tacia kaetipay niyaro’ “sisya” maro’ay, sacisowal sato o Tasya a tamdaw. O Pinpu finacadan ano eca Pinpu maecakay finacadan sanay a sowal i matiliday, o sapisiiked toya mangta’ay finacadan ato malafelay finacadan ato lotokay finacadan sanay ko pasasiromaan.

Talacawa nai 18 sician matilid no Mancin o Maecakay a Pinpu sanay ko pitahidang, mika itira i 19 sician mangalef ko nikasowal[4]. Rahodayen ko sowal, i 18 sician matilid o “Pinpu fan”, “Pinpu maecakay fan”, o patoro’ to itiraay i dafdafay no Pintong, dafdafay no Yilan, dafdafay no Posong ato dafdafay no Hengcun a yincumin finacadan. So’elinen ko sowal, o nisowalan no mita anini oya “Pinpu finacadan” tosaay ko pisimed to sasowalen: “Pinpu” ato “Maecakay finacadan”. O cecay a sowal “Pinpu” malifong i kasaniyaro’, oya “maecakay a finacadan” o sowal no mikowanay; nika soelinay, naikoran no Mancin, “Pinpu”, “Maecakay finacadan” itiraay i kasasiroma no finacadan, o mirarakatay a sdowal koni a pitahidang. O pisetek malecaday o pisiiked to sasiroma no sa’etal, tinako itiraay i Hencun, “Maecakay finacadan” snay a pisetek to micamolay to Payrang ato Yincumin, saka “Maecakay finacadan” a niyaro’ han ko pitahidang.  

=== Kasasiiked (分類) ===
Talacowa naira ko tamdawan, kasasiromaroma no tamdaw itiya to masasikihar ko ira ko “sasiiked no rocok”. Nika, kaira no tamdaw ira ko “finacadan” ato “finawlan” ko pisiiked to tamdaw o ikoray to ko nian, mangalef piteka no i’ayaw no 100 miheca picalap no micingcingay ato misatekeday ko pikowanan ho itiya. O Taywan saheto o “masiikeday ko finacadan” saka matiniay ko kamatira no to’ekan mapalowan.  </text>
      <sha1>apwi7cykch5ldk965s9sra3aoqpy78a</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>46876</id>
      <parentid>46875</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-07-07T01:00:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Masaonikar</username>
        <id>570</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Kasasiiked (分類) */</comment>
      <origin>46876</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6084" sha1="mpooex6b196zgtfde5irwejamh2wrvv" xml:space="preserve">== Pinpu finacadan (平埔族群) ==
Pinpu finacadan, to hatiniay Pinpoco han ko pitahidang, o pisiiked to sapikown to yincumin no Taywan a tahidang koni[2]. O roma a tahidang o Kaosancu; ikor midoedo to mikingkiway, ponkaan, itiya a mafana’ to o ’alomanay a finacadan caay ko cecayay a finacadan sato, anini falican ko pitahidang o Pinpocu fuinacadan hanto. Oya ’alomanay Pinpuco finacadan tangsa anini caay ho haydaen no Conghuaminko sifo o yincuminco caira, dengan oya pakapian i ’Amis finacadan a Kavalan finacadan.

Pinpu finacadan i’ayaw no pikowan no netherland, spain itiya o “Aporicini-アボリジニ” han ko pitahidang; pikowan to no Mancin i, saheto o mapalatamdaway, maecakay finacadan[1], ato Nama no fan, wairudona fan sanay ko pasasi’ayaw[3]:12. Orasaka o Cori sareta, Aporicini-アボリジニ itiraay i “Dafdafay pala” (Pingti caopu), samasa o sowal pangangan o Pingpuah, Pucirin, Pingpufan (Payrang: Pi-poo-hoan; Inkiris Pepohoan[4][5][6]), onini “Pinpu” a sowal todong “Dafdaf” ano eca “enaray” sanay ko todong no sowal[7].

Tangasa to pikowan no Dipong a to’ek “Taywan Fancin demak” a tilidan o yincumin malitosa Kaosancu, Pinpuco[3]:13, kasaniyaro’ a Pinpuco finacadan ona palowaday to pifalic pala “Tongninco” sanay a syakay onto[5][8]. Tangasa no Conghuaminko to’ek a mikowan miteka o rayray no Pinpuco malasawaday to ko finacadan harateng, caay to pala o yincuminco cangra; ikor makerih to ko mikingkiway t ofinacadan no Taywan, onini likisi no Pinpuco miteka a masafaloco’ no syakay, nika o Pinpuco a finacadan ona oya “Pinpuco” koni finacadan, saan to ikor miliyaw a misilsil to kasasiiked masiroma[2][3]:18.

O Saisiyat ato Thao finadan ona nipacomodan i Pinpu a finacadan, nengnengen “Pinpuco”, “mapalatamdaway”, “maecakay finacadan” ato “manta’ finacadan” sanay ko pisiiked, onini o sakanga’ay no papotalay mikowan, caayay pidotoc to no yincuminco i nihamonan no niyah konini pisiiked, saka aniniay a pipangangan no Pinpu ano eca palowad to ngangan a onto. Tangasa 2022 miheca 10 folad 28 romi’ad, ono Conghuaminko kimpo a hoyin saki Silaya finacadan to kacingangan no yincumin a demak i, mihapiw to itiyaay ho “Rikec no kacingangan no yincumin” o caayay ka tatodong i kimpo, patodongen to tolo miheca ko pisalofan, mihayda to no Kaosancu a pisingsi malayincuminco o nano Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no Taywan, midotoc a pakayni sakacingangan nai tatapangan no rikec ko Pinpu finacadan[9].  

=== Likisi (歷史)   ===
O Pinpu a finacadan nai ’ayaw 17 sician katayni no Payrang i Taywan i, malesap nai ka’amis Yilan, Kilong tangasa katimol mililisay to saetip a riyar a dafdaf a sera, itira ira ko kasasiromaan no ponka, sowal, niyaro’ ko pihamon a saniyaro’an no sa’opo.

Pinpu a fuinacadan ka’amis nai Suaw ato Tayal a kasasilaed, katimol nai Fanliaw ato Paiwanfinacadan malalaed, ikor maepec no Payrang o roma i malinah tayra roma a pala, matiya o Hengcun, Puli, Kalingko Posong.

=== Pakayraan no sowal (詞源) ===
“Pinpu” a sowal a padotocan, manga’ay so’edacen nai Cingcao Yongceng pikowan Huangsujin “Taihai sicalu” (ikor no 1742 miheca), onini a tilid masowal ko “kasa Pinpu a saniyaro’” a sowal, ikor nai ci Chen Lunjiong a “Haikuo wencienlu” (1731 miheca) ira masadak ko “Pinpu yincumin” a sowal[3]:13.

Nawhani o ponka no yincumin macacofelay i no Payrang a finacadan, orasaka i ’ayaway no Payrang a rayray no likisi no Taywan masowal ko “Fan” [3]. Nai “Fan” a tilidan, pahecian a sowal a minengneng, “Fan” oya “macengelay” ato “omah” patatekoan, o maomahay a tamdaw sanay ko pitoro’, matiniay ko sa’orip. Nika, itini i romaay finacadan konengneng, “Fan” iraay ko mipelesay, miepecay a sowal[11].

I’ayaw yincumin no Taywan dengan o “niyaro’” ko iraay awaay ko “finacadan” sanay a latrkan[3]:12, orasaka o niyaro’ sato ko pitahidang. Tinako: Tacia kawaliay niyaro’ (tongsya) ato Tacia kaetipay niyaro’ “sisya” maro’ay, sacisowal sato o Tasya a tamdaw. O Pinpu finacadan ano eca Pinpu maecakay finacadan sanay a sowal i matiliday, o sapisiiked toya mangta’ay finacadan ato malafelay finacadan ato lotokay finacadan sanay ko pasasiromaan.

Talacawa nai 18 sician matilid no Mancin o Maecakay a Pinpu sanay ko pitahidang, mika itira i 19 sician mangalef ko nikasowal[4]. Rahodayen ko sowal, i 18 sician matilid o “Pinpu fan”, “Pinpu maecakay fan”, o patoro’ to itiraay i dafdafay no Pintong, dafdafay no Yilan, dafdafay no Posong ato dafdafay no Hengcun a yincumin finacadan. So’elinen ko sowal, o nisowalan no mita anini oya “Pinpu finacadan” tosaay ko pisimed to sasowalen: “Pinpu” ato “Maecakay finacadan”. O cecay a sowal “Pinpu” malifong i kasaniyaro’, oya “maecakay a finacadan” o sowal no mikowanay; nika soelinay, naikoran no Mancin, “Pinpu”, “Maecakay finacadan” itiraay i kasasiroma no finacadan, o mirarakatay a sdowal koni a pitahidang. O pisetek malecaday o pisiiked to sasiroma no sa’etal, tinako itiraay i Hencun, “Maecakay finacadan” snay a pisetek to micamolay to Payrang ato Yincumin, saka “Maecakay finacadan” a niyaro’ han ko pitahidang.  

=== Kasasiiked (分類) ===
Talacowa naira ko tamdawan, kasasiromaroma no tamdaw itiya to masasikihar ko ira ko “sasiiked no rocok”. Nika, kaira no tamdaw ira ko “finacadan” ato “finawlan” ko pisiiked to tamdaw o ikoray to ko nian, mangalef piteka no i’ayaw no 100 miheca picalap no micingcingay ato misatekeday ko pikowanan ho itiya. O Taywan saheto o “masiikeday ko finacadan” saka matiniay ko kamatira no to’ekan mapalowan.  

Ka Dipongan no Taywan o mitakedan a micowat ko pikowan to Taywan itiya, o patodong no pikowan, o pisapinangaw misolap ato sapinang to finacadan ato sera no Taywan, saan micowat misaiked to fanacadan no Taywan ko tayal (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b); tinako oya tayniay nai congko a Minan sa’etal a Ngayngay tamdaw palaPayrangen, ’ayaway nano Ngayngay palaNgayngayen ko pakika.</text>
      <sha1>mpooex6b196zgtfde5irwejamh2wrvv</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>46877</id>
      <parentid>46876</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-07-07T01:00:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Masaonikar</username>
        <id>570</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Kasasiiked (分類) */</comment>
      <origin>46877</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6575" sha1="culexil8i46sjen9rmb94t8yp21meuj" xml:space="preserve">== Pinpu finacadan (平埔族群) ==
Pinpu finacadan, to hatiniay Pinpoco han ko pitahidang, o pisiiked to sapikown to yincumin no Taywan a tahidang koni[2]. O roma a tahidang o Kaosancu; ikor midoedo to mikingkiway, ponkaan, itiya a mafana’ to o ’alomanay a finacadan caay ko cecayay a finacadan sato, anini falican ko pitahidang o Pinpocu fuinacadan hanto. Oya ’alomanay Pinpuco finacadan tangsa anini caay ho haydaen no Conghuaminko sifo o yincuminco caira, dengan oya pakapian i ’Amis finacadan a Kavalan finacadan.

Pinpu finacadan i’ayaw no pikowan no netherland, spain itiya o “Aporicini-アボリジニ” han ko pitahidang; pikowan to no Mancin i, saheto o mapalatamdaway, maecakay finacadan[1], ato Nama no fan, wairudona fan sanay ko pasasi’ayaw[3]:12. Orasaka o Cori sareta, Aporicini-アボリジニ itiraay i “Dafdafay pala” (Pingti caopu), samasa o sowal pangangan o Pingpuah, Pucirin, Pingpufan (Payrang: Pi-poo-hoan; Inkiris Pepohoan[4][5][6]), onini “Pinpu” a sowal todong “Dafdaf” ano eca “enaray” sanay ko todong no sowal[7].

Tangasa to pikowan no Dipong a to’ek “Taywan Fancin demak” a tilidan o yincumin malitosa Kaosancu, Pinpuco[3]:13, kasaniyaro’ a Pinpuco finacadan ona palowaday to pifalic pala “Tongninco” sanay a syakay onto[5][8]. Tangasa no Conghuaminko to’ek a mikowan miteka o rayray no Pinpuco malasawaday to ko finacadan harateng, caay to pala o yincuminco cangra; ikor makerih to ko mikingkiway t ofinacadan no Taywan, onini likisi no Pinpuco miteka a masafaloco’ no syakay, nika o Pinpuco a finacadan ona oya “Pinpuco” koni finacadan, saan to ikor miliyaw a misilsil to kasasiiked masiroma[2][3]:18.

O Saisiyat ato Thao finadan ona nipacomodan i Pinpu a finacadan, nengnengen “Pinpuco”, “mapalatamdaway”, “maecakay finacadan” ato “manta’ finacadan” sanay ko pisiiked, onini o sakanga’ay no papotalay mikowan, caayay pidotoc to no yincuminco i nihamonan no niyah konini pisiiked, saka aniniay a pipangangan no Pinpu ano eca palowad to ngangan a onto. Tangasa 2022 miheca 10 folad 28 romi’ad, ono Conghuaminko kimpo a hoyin saki Silaya finacadan to kacingangan no yincumin a demak i, mihapiw to itiyaay ho “Rikec no kacingangan no yincumin” o caayay ka tatodong i kimpo, patodongen to tolo miheca ko pisalofan, mihayda to no Kaosancu a pisingsi malayincuminco o nano Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no Taywan, midotoc a pakayni sakacingangan nai tatapangan no rikec ko Pinpu finacadan[9].  

=== Likisi (歷史)   ===
O Pinpu a finacadan nai ’ayaw 17 sician katayni no Payrang i Taywan i, malesap nai ka’amis Yilan, Kilong tangasa katimol mililisay to saetip a riyar a dafdaf a sera, itira ira ko kasasiromaan no ponka, sowal, niyaro’ ko pihamon a saniyaro’an no sa’opo.

Pinpu a fuinacadan ka’amis nai Suaw ato Tayal a kasasilaed, katimol nai Fanliaw ato Paiwanfinacadan malalaed, ikor maepec no Payrang o roma i malinah tayra roma a pala, matiya o Hengcun, Puli, Kalingko Posong.

=== Pakayraan no sowal (詞源) ===
“Pinpu” a sowal a padotocan, manga’ay so’edacen nai Cingcao Yongceng pikowan Huangsujin “Taihai sicalu” (ikor no 1742 miheca), onini a tilid masowal ko “kasa Pinpu a saniyaro’” a sowal, ikor nai ci Chen Lunjiong a “Haikuo wencienlu” (1731 miheca) ira masadak ko “Pinpu yincumin” a sowal[3]:13.

Nawhani o ponka no yincumin macacofelay i no Payrang a finacadan, orasaka i ’ayaway no Payrang a rayray no likisi no Taywan masowal ko “Fan” [3]. Nai “Fan” a tilidan, pahecian a sowal a minengneng, “Fan” oya “macengelay” ato “omah” patatekoan, o maomahay a tamdaw sanay ko pitoro’, matiniay ko sa’orip. Nika, itini i romaay finacadan konengneng, “Fan” iraay ko mipelesay, miepecay a sowal[11].

I’ayaw yincumin no Taywan dengan o “niyaro’” ko iraay awaay ko “finacadan” sanay a latrkan[3]:12, orasaka o niyaro’ sato ko pitahidang. Tinako: Tacia kawaliay niyaro’ (tongsya) ato Tacia kaetipay niyaro’ “sisya” maro’ay, sacisowal sato o Tasya a tamdaw. O Pinpu finacadan ano eca Pinpu maecakay finacadan sanay a sowal i matiliday, o sapisiiked toya mangta’ay finacadan ato malafelay finacadan ato lotokay finacadan sanay ko pasasiromaan.

Talacawa nai 18 sician matilid no Mancin o Maecakay a Pinpu sanay ko pitahidang, mika itira i 19 sician mangalef ko nikasowal[4]. Rahodayen ko sowal, i 18 sician matilid o “Pinpu fan”, “Pinpu maecakay fan”, o patoro’ to itiraay i dafdafay no Pintong, dafdafay no Yilan, dafdafay no Posong ato dafdafay no Hengcun a yincumin finacadan. So’elinen ko sowal, o nisowalan no mita anini oya “Pinpu finacadan” tosaay ko pisimed to sasowalen: “Pinpu” ato “Maecakay finacadan”. O cecay a sowal “Pinpu” malifong i kasaniyaro’, oya “maecakay a finacadan” o sowal no mikowanay; nika soelinay, naikoran no Mancin, “Pinpu”, “Maecakay finacadan” itiraay i kasasiroma no finacadan, o mirarakatay a sdowal koni a pitahidang. O pisetek malecaday o pisiiked to sasiroma no sa’etal, tinako itiraay i Hencun, “Maecakay finacadan” snay a pisetek to micamolay to Payrang ato Yincumin, saka “Maecakay finacadan” a niyaro’ han ko pitahidang.  

=== Kasasiiked (分類) ===
Talacowa naira ko tamdawan, kasasiromaroma no tamdaw itiya to masasikihar ko ira ko “sasiiked no rocok”. Nika, kaira no tamdaw ira ko “finacadan” ato “finawlan” ko pisiiked to tamdaw o ikoray to ko nian, mangalef piteka no i’ayaw no 100 miheca picalap no micingcingay ato misatekeday ko pikowanan ho itiya. O Taywan saheto o “masiikeday ko finacadan” saka matiniay ko kamatira no to’ekan mapalowan.  

Ka Dipongan no Taywan o mitakedan a micowat ko pikowan to Taywan itiya, o patodong no pikowan, o pisapinangaw misolap ato sapinang to finacadan ato sera no Taywan, saan micowat misaiked to fanacadan no Taywan ko tayal (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b); tinako oya tayniay nai congko a Minan sa’etal a Ngayngay tamdaw palaPayrangen, ’ayaway nano Ngayngay palaNgayngayen ko pakika.

Miteka, hakasi no Dipong paretatenga oya maro’ay i dafdaf a Pinpu finacadan a yincumin malaPayrang to, dengan to oya “Pinpu finacadan” ano eca “Pinpufan” a nisowalan o pihaop aca, oya nisiikedan a finacadan palao “Takayamacu” patodong. Ikor, o hakasi no Dipong to mamalasawad a ponka no Pinpu finacadan ira to ko masatalolongay a nikafana’an saka, nanoya oya nisowalan a “Pinpu finacadan”, so’elinen halo adihayay kasasiroma no sowal, kasasiroma a ponka no finacadan.</text>
      <sha1>culexil8i46sjen9rmb94t8yp21meuj</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>46878</id>
      <parentid>46877</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-07-07T01:00:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Masaonikar</username>
        <id>570</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Kasasiiked (分類) */</comment>
      <origin>46878</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6815" sha1="mhsj5t4j4g96mo8rhogkjsg7z01r5dv" xml:space="preserve">== Pinpu finacadan (平埔族群) ==
Pinpu finacadan, to hatiniay Pinpoco han ko pitahidang, o pisiiked to sapikown to yincumin no Taywan a tahidang koni[2]. O roma a tahidang o Kaosancu; ikor midoedo to mikingkiway, ponkaan, itiya a mafana’ to o ’alomanay a finacadan caay ko cecayay a finacadan sato, anini falican ko pitahidang o Pinpocu fuinacadan hanto. Oya ’alomanay Pinpuco finacadan tangsa anini caay ho haydaen no Conghuaminko sifo o yincuminco caira, dengan oya pakapian i ’Amis finacadan a Kavalan finacadan.

Pinpu finacadan i’ayaw no pikowan no netherland, spain itiya o “Aporicini-アボリジニ” han ko pitahidang; pikowan to no Mancin i, saheto o mapalatamdaway, maecakay finacadan[1], ato Nama no fan, wairudona fan sanay ko pasasi’ayaw[3]:12. Orasaka o Cori sareta, Aporicini-アボリジニ itiraay i “Dafdafay pala” (Pingti caopu), samasa o sowal pangangan o Pingpuah, Pucirin, Pingpufan (Payrang: Pi-poo-hoan; Inkiris Pepohoan[4][5][6]), onini “Pinpu” a sowal todong “Dafdaf” ano eca “enaray” sanay ko todong no sowal[7].

Tangasa to pikowan no Dipong a to’ek “Taywan Fancin demak” a tilidan o yincumin malitosa Kaosancu, Pinpuco[3]:13, kasaniyaro’ a Pinpuco finacadan ona palowaday to pifalic pala “Tongninco” sanay a syakay onto[5][8]. Tangasa no Conghuaminko to’ek a mikowan miteka o rayray no Pinpuco malasawaday to ko finacadan harateng, caay to pala o yincuminco cangra; ikor makerih to ko mikingkiway t ofinacadan no Taywan, onini likisi no Pinpuco miteka a masafaloco’ no syakay, nika o Pinpuco a finacadan ona oya “Pinpuco” koni finacadan, saan to ikor miliyaw a misilsil to kasasiiked masiroma[2][3]:18.

O Saisiyat ato Thao finadan ona nipacomodan i Pinpu a finacadan, nengnengen “Pinpuco”, “mapalatamdaway”, “maecakay finacadan” ato “manta’ finacadan” sanay ko pisiiked, onini o sakanga’ay no papotalay mikowan, caayay pidotoc to no yincuminco i nihamonan no niyah konini pisiiked, saka aniniay a pipangangan no Pinpu ano eca palowad to ngangan a onto. Tangasa 2022 miheca 10 folad 28 romi’ad, ono Conghuaminko kimpo a hoyin saki Silaya finacadan to kacingangan no yincumin a demak i, mihapiw to itiyaay ho “Rikec no kacingangan no yincumin” o caayay ka tatodong i kimpo, patodongen to tolo miheca ko pisalofan, mihayda to no Kaosancu a pisingsi malayincuminco o nano Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no Taywan, midotoc a pakayni sakacingangan nai tatapangan no rikec ko Pinpu finacadan[9].  

=== Likisi (歷史)   ===
O Pinpu a finacadan nai ’ayaw 17 sician katayni no Payrang i Taywan i, malesap nai ka’amis Yilan, Kilong tangasa katimol mililisay to saetip a riyar a dafdaf a sera, itira ira ko kasasiromaan no ponka, sowal, niyaro’ ko pihamon a saniyaro’an no sa’opo.

Pinpu a fuinacadan ka’amis nai Suaw ato Tayal a kasasilaed, katimol nai Fanliaw ato Paiwanfinacadan malalaed, ikor maepec no Payrang o roma i malinah tayra roma a pala, matiya o Hengcun, Puli, Kalingko Posong.

=== Pakayraan no sowal (詞源) ===
“Pinpu” a sowal a padotocan, manga’ay so’edacen nai Cingcao Yongceng pikowan Huangsujin “Taihai sicalu” (ikor no 1742 miheca), onini a tilid masowal ko “kasa Pinpu a saniyaro’” a sowal, ikor nai ci Chen Lunjiong a “Haikuo wencienlu” (1731 miheca) ira masadak ko “Pinpu yincumin” a sowal[3]:13.

Nawhani o ponka no yincumin macacofelay i no Payrang a finacadan, orasaka i ’ayaway no Payrang a rayray no likisi no Taywan masowal ko “Fan” [3]. Nai “Fan” a tilidan, pahecian a sowal a minengneng, “Fan” oya “macengelay” ato “omah” patatekoan, o maomahay a tamdaw sanay ko pitoro’, matiniay ko sa’orip. Nika, itini i romaay finacadan konengneng, “Fan” iraay ko mipelesay, miepecay a sowal[11].

I’ayaw yincumin no Taywan dengan o “niyaro’” ko iraay awaay ko “finacadan” sanay a latrkan[3]:12, orasaka o niyaro’ sato ko pitahidang. Tinako: Tacia kawaliay niyaro’ (tongsya) ato Tacia kaetipay niyaro’ “sisya” maro’ay, sacisowal sato o Tasya a tamdaw. O Pinpu finacadan ano eca Pinpu maecakay finacadan sanay a sowal i matiliday, o sapisiiked toya mangta’ay finacadan ato malafelay finacadan ato lotokay finacadan sanay ko pasasiromaan.

Talacawa nai 18 sician matilid no Mancin o Maecakay a Pinpu sanay ko pitahidang, mika itira i 19 sician mangalef ko nikasowal[4]. Rahodayen ko sowal, i 18 sician matilid o “Pinpu fan”, “Pinpu maecakay fan”, o patoro’ to itiraay i dafdafay no Pintong, dafdafay no Yilan, dafdafay no Posong ato dafdafay no Hengcun a yincumin finacadan. So’elinen ko sowal, o nisowalan no mita anini oya “Pinpu finacadan” tosaay ko pisimed to sasowalen: “Pinpu” ato “Maecakay finacadan”. O cecay a sowal “Pinpu” malifong i kasaniyaro’, oya “maecakay a finacadan” o sowal no mikowanay; nika soelinay, naikoran no Mancin, “Pinpu”, “Maecakay finacadan” itiraay i kasasiroma no finacadan, o mirarakatay a sdowal koni a pitahidang. O pisetek malecaday o pisiiked to sasiroma no sa’etal, tinako itiraay i Hencun, “Maecakay finacadan” snay a pisetek to micamolay to Payrang ato Yincumin, saka “Maecakay finacadan” a niyaro’ han ko pitahidang.  

=== Kasasiiked (分類) ===
Talacowa naira ko tamdawan, kasasiromaroma no tamdaw itiya to masasikihar ko ira ko “sasiiked no rocok”. Nika, kaira no tamdaw ira ko “finacadan” ato “finawlan” ko pisiiked to tamdaw o ikoray to ko nian, mangalef piteka no i’ayaw no 100 miheca picalap no micingcingay ato misatekeday ko pikowanan ho itiya. O Taywan saheto o “masiikeday ko finacadan” saka matiniay ko kamatira no to’ekan mapalowan.  

Ka Dipongan no Taywan o mitakedan a micowat ko pikowan to Taywan itiya, o patodong no pikowan, o pisapinangaw misolap ato sapinang to finacadan ato sera no Taywan, saan micowat misaiked to fanacadan no Taywan ko tayal (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b); tinako oya tayniay nai congko a Minan sa’etal a Ngayngay tamdaw palaPayrangen, ’ayaway nano Ngayngay palaNgayngayen ko pakika.

Miteka, hakasi no Dipong paretatenga oya maro’ay i dafdaf a Pinpu finacadan a yincumin malaPayrang to, dengan to oya “Pinpu finacadan” ano eca “Pinpufan” a nisowalan o pihaop aca, oya nisiikedan a finacadan palao “Takayamacu” patodong. Ikor, o hakasi no Dipong to mamalasawad a ponka no Pinpu finacadan ira to ko masatalolongay a nikafana’an saka, nanoya oya nisowalan a “Pinpu finacadan”, so’elinen halo adihayay kasasiroma no sowal, kasasiroma a ponka no finacadan.

Nikawrira, ’ayaw no 90 no mihecaan, o hakasi sakiPinpu finacadan masasiroma ko pisiiked, ira ko 7 finacadan 14 sangasaw, ira ko 8 finacadan, 9 finacadan, 10 finacadan, 12 finacadan sanay (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b).</text>
      <sha1>mhsj5t4j4g96mo8rhogkjsg7z01r5dv</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>46879</id>
      <parentid>46878</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-07-07T01:01:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Masaonikar</username>
        <id>570</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Kasasiiked (分類) */</comment>
      <origin>46879</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7578" sha1="k1i8occgs4b0ldo8zwyk2ucfulskrug" xml:space="preserve">== Pinpu finacadan (平埔族群) ==
Pinpu finacadan, to hatiniay Pinpoco han ko pitahidang, o pisiiked to sapikown to yincumin no Taywan a tahidang koni[2]. O roma a tahidang o Kaosancu; ikor midoedo to mikingkiway, ponkaan, itiya a mafana’ to o ’alomanay a finacadan caay ko cecayay a finacadan sato, anini falican ko pitahidang o Pinpocu fuinacadan hanto. Oya ’alomanay Pinpuco finacadan tangsa anini caay ho haydaen no Conghuaminko sifo o yincuminco caira, dengan oya pakapian i ’Amis finacadan a Kavalan finacadan.

Pinpu finacadan i’ayaw no pikowan no netherland, spain itiya o “Aporicini-アボリジニ” han ko pitahidang; pikowan to no Mancin i, saheto o mapalatamdaway, maecakay finacadan[1], ato Nama no fan, wairudona fan sanay ko pasasi’ayaw[3]:12. Orasaka o Cori sareta, Aporicini-アボリジニ itiraay i “Dafdafay pala” (Pingti caopu), samasa o sowal pangangan o Pingpuah, Pucirin, Pingpufan (Payrang: Pi-poo-hoan; Inkiris Pepohoan[4][5][6]), onini “Pinpu” a sowal todong “Dafdaf” ano eca “enaray” sanay ko todong no sowal[7].

Tangasa to pikowan no Dipong a to’ek “Taywan Fancin demak” a tilidan o yincumin malitosa Kaosancu, Pinpuco[3]:13, kasaniyaro’ a Pinpuco finacadan ona palowaday to pifalic pala “Tongninco” sanay a syakay onto[5][8]. Tangasa no Conghuaminko to’ek a mikowan miteka o rayray no Pinpuco malasawaday to ko finacadan harateng, caay to pala o yincuminco cangra; ikor makerih to ko mikingkiway t ofinacadan no Taywan, onini likisi no Pinpuco miteka a masafaloco’ no syakay, nika o Pinpuco a finacadan ona oya “Pinpuco” koni finacadan, saan to ikor miliyaw a misilsil to kasasiiked masiroma[2][3]:18.

O Saisiyat ato Thao finadan ona nipacomodan i Pinpu a finacadan, nengnengen “Pinpuco”, “mapalatamdaway”, “maecakay finacadan” ato “manta’ finacadan” sanay ko pisiiked, onini o sakanga’ay no papotalay mikowan, caayay pidotoc to no yincuminco i nihamonan no niyah konini pisiiked, saka aniniay a pipangangan no Pinpu ano eca palowad to ngangan a onto. Tangasa 2022 miheca 10 folad 28 romi’ad, ono Conghuaminko kimpo a hoyin saki Silaya finacadan to kacingangan no yincumin a demak i, mihapiw to itiyaay ho “Rikec no kacingangan no yincumin” o caayay ka tatodong i kimpo, patodongen to tolo miheca ko pisalofan, mihayda to no Kaosancu a pisingsi malayincuminco o nano Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no Taywan, midotoc a pakayni sakacingangan nai tatapangan no rikec ko Pinpu finacadan[9].  

=== Likisi (歷史)   ===
O Pinpu a finacadan nai ’ayaw 17 sician katayni no Payrang i Taywan i, malesap nai ka’amis Yilan, Kilong tangasa katimol mililisay to saetip a riyar a dafdaf a sera, itira ira ko kasasiromaan no ponka, sowal, niyaro’ ko pihamon a saniyaro’an no sa’opo.

Pinpu a fuinacadan ka’amis nai Suaw ato Tayal a kasasilaed, katimol nai Fanliaw ato Paiwanfinacadan malalaed, ikor maepec no Payrang o roma i malinah tayra roma a pala, matiya o Hengcun, Puli, Kalingko Posong.

=== Pakayraan no sowal (詞源) ===
“Pinpu” a sowal a padotocan, manga’ay so’edacen nai Cingcao Yongceng pikowan Huangsujin “Taihai sicalu” (ikor no 1742 miheca), onini a tilid masowal ko “kasa Pinpu a saniyaro’” a sowal, ikor nai ci Chen Lunjiong a “Haikuo wencienlu” (1731 miheca) ira masadak ko “Pinpu yincumin” a sowal[3]:13.

Nawhani o ponka no yincumin macacofelay i no Payrang a finacadan, orasaka i ’ayaway no Payrang a rayray no likisi no Taywan masowal ko “Fan” [3]. Nai “Fan” a tilidan, pahecian a sowal a minengneng, “Fan” oya “macengelay” ato “omah” patatekoan, o maomahay a tamdaw sanay ko pitoro’, matiniay ko sa’orip. Nika, itini i romaay finacadan konengneng, “Fan” iraay ko mipelesay, miepecay a sowal[11].

I’ayaw yincumin no Taywan dengan o “niyaro’” ko iraay awaay ko “finacadan” sanay a latrkan[3]:12, orasaka o niyaro’ sato ko pitahidang. Tinako: Tacia kawaliay niyaro’ (tongsya) ato Tacia kaetipay niyaro’ “sisya” maro’ay, sacisowal sato o Tasya a tamdaw. O Pinpu finacadan ano eca Pinpu maecakay finacadan sanay a sowal i matiliday, o sapisiiked toya mangta’ay finacadan ato malafelay finacadan ato lotokay finacadan sanay ko pasasiromaan.

Talacawa nai 18 sician matilid no Mancin o Maecakay a Pinpu sanay ko pitahidang, mika itira i 19 sician mangalef ko nikasowal[4]. Rahodayen ko sowal, i 18 sician matilid o “Pinpu fan”, “Pinpu maecakay fan”, o patoro’ to itiraay i dafdafay no Pintong, dafdafay no Yilan, dafdafay no Posong ato dafdafay no Hengcun a yincumin finacadan. So’elinen ko sowal, o nisowalan no mita anini oya “Pinpu finacadan” tosaay ko pisimed to sasowalen: “Pinpu” ato “Maecakay finacadan”. O cecay a sowal “Pinpu” malifong i kasaniyaro’, oya “maecakay a finacadan” o sowal no mikowanay; nika soelinay, naikoran no Mancin, “Pinpu”, “Maecakay finacadan” itiraay i kasasiroma no finacadan, o mirarakatay a sdowal koni a pitahidang. O pisetek malecaday o pisiiked to sasiroma no sa’etal, tinako itiraay i Hencun, “Maecakay finacadan” snay a pisetek to micamolay to Payrang ato Yincumin, saka “Maecakay finacadan” a niyaro’ han ko pitahidang.  

=== Kasasiiked (分類) ===
Talacowa naira ko tamdawan, kasasiromaroma no tamdaw itiya to masasikihar ko ira ko “sasiiked no rocok”. Nika, kaira no tamdaw ira ko “finacadan” ato “finawlan” ko pisiiked to tamdaw o ikoray to ko nian, mangalef piteka no i’ayaw no 100 miheca picalap no micingcingay ato misatekeday ko pikowanan ho itiya. O Taywan saheto o “masiikeday ko finacadan” saka matiniay ko kamatira no to’ekan mapalowan.  

Ka Dipongan no Taywan o mitakedan a micowat ko pikowan to Taywan itiya, o patodong no pikowan, o pisapinangaw misolap ato sapinang to finacadan ato sera no Taywan, saan micowat misaiked to fanacadan no Taywan ko tayal (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b); tinako oya tayniay nai congko a Minan sa’etal a Ngayngay tamdaw palaPayrangen, ’ayaway nano Ngayngay palaNgayngayen ko pakika.

Miteka, hakasi no Dipong paretatenga oya maro’ay i dafdaf a Pinpu finacadan a yincumin malaPayrang to, dengan to oya “Pinpu finacadan” ano eca “Pinpufan” a nisowalan o pihaop aca, oya nisiikedan a finacadan palao “Takayamacu” patodong. Ikor, o hakasi no Dipong to mamalasawad a ponka no Pinpu finacadan ira to ko masatalolongay a nikafana’an saka, nanoya oya nisowalan a “Pinpu finacadan”, so’elinen halo adihayay kasasiroma no sowal, kasasiroma a ponka no finacadan.

Nikawrira, ’ayaw no 90 no mihecaan, o hakasi sakiPinpu finacadan masasiroma ko pisiiked, ira ko 7 finacadan 14 sangasaw, ira ko 8 finacadan, 9 finacadan, 10 finacadan, 12 finacadan sanay (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b).

Midotoc to aniniay mikingkiway pahecian, saki “Pinpu finacadan”, “Takayamacu” a kasasiiked, caay ko tataparan sanay masasiiked ko finawlan, o nano nai 17 sician ko nisanga’an a likisi, nawhani kasafinacadan a ’orip a sofal ato Palapayrangan a ko saka milafotay to calay. Roma a sowal, o nian “Pinpu finacadan” a kasasiroma no ponka, latek ikaka to cecay no “Pinpucu” ato cecay no “Takasakoco” a kasasiroma, o cecay no “Pinpu finacadan” ato cecay no “Takasako finacadan” latek oya cecayay a finacadan. Tinako sasowalen, nai sowal ato ponka ko pinengneng, samangataay to no ’Amis finacadan a Slaya, Taman ato Makataw finacadan no Taywan a Pinpu finacadan; o sowal ato Saysiyak finacadan mangata to Loylon finacadan no yincuminco.</text>
      <sha1>k1i8occgs4b0ldo8zwyk2ucfulskrug</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>46880</id>
      <parentid>46879</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-07-07T01:01:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Masaonikar</username>
        <id>570</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Kasasiiked (分類) */</comment>
      <origin>46880</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7619" sha1="rkezla3q92vo4h5dd663rud4iqr1ef3" xml:space="preserve">== Pinpu finacadan (平埔族群) ==
Pinpu finacadan, to hatiniay Pinpoco han ko pitahidang, o pisiiked to sapikown to yincumin no Taywan a tahidang koni[2]. O roma a tahidang o Kaosancu; ikor midoedo to mikingkiway, ponkaan, itiya a mafana’ to o ’alomanay a finacadan caay ko cecayay a finacadan sato, anini falican ko pitahidang o Pinpocu fuinacadan hanto. Oya ’alomanay Pinpuco finacadan tangsa anini caay ho haydaen no Conghuaminko sifo o yincuminco caira, dengan oya pakapian i ’Amis finacadan a Kavalan finacadan.

Pinpu finacadan i’ayaw no pikowan no netherland, spain itiya o “Aporicini-アボリジニ” han ko pitahidang; pikowan to no Mancin i, saheto o mapalatamdaway, maecakay finacadan[1], ato Nama no fan, wairudona fan sanay ko pasasi’ayaw[3]:12. Orasaka o Cori sareta, Aporicini-アボリジニ itiraay i “Dafdafay pala” (Pingti caopu), samasa o sowal pangangan o Pingpuah, Pucirin, Pingpufan (Payrang: Pi-poo-hoan; Inkiris Pepohoan[4][5][6]), onini “Pinpu” a sowal todong “Dafdaf” ano eca “enaray” sanay ko todong no sowal[7].

Tangasa to pikowan no Dipong a to’ek “Taywan Fancin demak” a tilidan o yincumin malitosa Kaosancu, Pinpuco[3]:13, kasaniyaro’ a Pinpuco finacadan ona palowaday to pifalic pala “Tongninco” sanay a syakay onto[5][8]. Tangasa no Conghuaminko to’ek a mikowan miteka o rayray no Pinpuco malasawaday to ko finacadan harateng, caay to pala o yincuminco cangra; ikor makerih to ko mikingkiway t ofinacadan no Taywan, onini likisi no Pinpuco miteka a masafaloco’ no syakay, nika o Pinpuco a finacadan ona oya “Pinpuco” koni finacadan, saan to ikor miliyaw a misilsil to kasasiiked masiroma[2][3]:18.

O Saisiyat ato Thao finadan ona nipacomodan i Pinpu a finacadan, nengnengen “Pinpuco”, “mapalatamdaway”, “maecakay finacadan” ato “manta’ finacadan” sanay ko pisiiked, onini o sakanga’ay no papotalay mikowan, caayay pidotoc to no yincuminco i nihamonan no niyah konini pisiiked, saka aniniay a pipangangan no Pinpu ano eca palowad to ngangan a onto. Tangasa 2022 miheca 10 folad 28 romi’ad, ono Conghuaminko kimpo a hoyin saki Silaya finacadan to kacingangan no yincumin a demak i, mihapiw to itiyaay ho “Rikec no kacingangan no yincumin” o caayay ka tatodong i kimpo, patodongen to tolo miheca ko pisalofan, mihayda to no Kaosancu a pisingsi malayincuminco o nano Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no Taywan, midotoc a pakayni sakacingangan nai tatapangan no rikec ko Pinpu finacadan[9].  

=== Likisi (歷史)   ===
O Pinpu a finacadan nai ’ayaw 17 sician katayni no Payrang i Taywan i, malesap nai ka’amis Yilan, Kilong tangasa katimol mililisay to saetip a riyar a dafdaf a sera, itira ira ko kasasiromaan no ponka, sowal, niyaro’ ko pihamon a saniyaro’an no sa’opo.

Pinpu a fuinacadan ka’amis nai Suaw ato Tayal a kasasilaed, katimol nai Fanliaw ato Paiwanfinacadan malalaed, ikor maepec no Payrang o roma i malinah tayra roma a pala, matiya o Hengcun, Puli, Kalingko Posong.

=== Pakayraan no sowal (詞源) ===
“Pinpu” a sowal a padotocan, manga’ay so’edacen nai Cingcao Yongceng pikowan Huangsujin “Taihai sicalu” (ikor no 1742 miheca), onini a tilid masowal ko “kasa Pinpu a saniyaro’” a sowal, ikor nai ci Chen Lunjiong a “Haikuo wencienlu” (1731 miheca) ira masadak ko “Pinpu yincumin” a sowal[3]:13.

Nawhani o ponka no yincumin macacofelay i no Payrang a finacadan, orasaka i ’ayaway no Payrang a rayray no likisi no Taywan masowal ko “Fan” [3]. Nai “Fan” a tilidan, pahecian a sowal a minengneng, “Fan” oya “macengelay” ato “omah” patatekoan, o maomahay a tamdaw sanay ko pitoro’, matiniay ko sa’orip. Nika, itini i romaay finacadan konengneng, “Fan” iraay ko mipelesay, miepecay a sowal[11].

I’ayaw yincumin no Taywan dengan o “niyaro’” ko iraay awaay ko “finacadan” sanay a latrkan[3]:12, orasaka o niyaro’ sato ko pitahidang. Tinako: Tacia kawaliay niyaro’ (tongsya) ato Tacia kaetipay niyaro’ “sisya” maro’ay, sacisowal sato o Tasya a tamdaw. O Pinpu finacadan ano eca Pinpu maecakay finacadan sanay a sowal i matiliday, o sapisiiked toya mangta’ay finacadan ato malafelay finacadan ato lotokay finacadan sanay ko pasasiromaan.

Talacawa nai 18 sician matilid no Mancin o Maecakay a Pinpu sanay ko pitahidang, mika itira i 19 sician mangalef ko nikasowal[4]. Rahodayen ko sowal, i 18 sician matilid o “Pinpu fan”, “Pinpu maecakay fan”, o patoro’ to itiraay i dafdafay no Pintong, dafdafay no Yilan, dafdafay no Posong ato dafdafay no Hengcun a yincumin finacadan. So’elinen ko sowal, o nisowalan no mita anini oya “Pinpu finacadan” tosaay ko pisimed to sasowalen: “Pinpu” ato “Maecakay finacadan”. O cecay a sowal “Pinpu” malifong i kasaniyaro’, oya “maecakay a finacadan” o sowal no mikowanay; nika soelinay, naikoran no Mancin, “Pinpu”, “Maecakay finacadan” itiraay i kasasiroma no finacadan, o mirarakatay a sdowal koni a pitahidang. O pisetek malecaday o pisiiked to sasiroma no sa’etal, tinako itiraay i Hencun, “Maecakay finacadan” snay a pisetek to micamolay to Payrang ato Yincumin, saka “Maecakay finacadan” a niyaro’ han ko pitahidang.  

=== Kasasiiked (分類) ===
Talacowa naira ko tamdawan, kasasiromaroma no tamdaw itiya to masasikihar ko ira ko “sasiiked no rocok”. Nika, kaira no tamdaw ira ko “finacadan” ato “finawlan” ko pisiiked to tamdaw o ikoray to ko nian, mangalef piteka no i’ayaw no 100 miheca picalap no micingcingay ato misatekeday ko pikowanan ho itiya. O Taywan saheto o “masiikeday ko finacadan” saka matiniay ko kamatira no to’ekan mapalowan.  

Ka Dipongan no Taywan o mitakedan a micowat ko pikowan to Taywan itiya, o patodong no pikowan, o pisapinangaw misolap ato sapinang to finacadan ato sera no Taywan, saan micowat misaiked to fanacadan no Taywan ko tayal (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b); tinako oya tayniay nai congko a Minan sa’etal a Ngayngay tamdaw palaPayrangen, ’ayaway nano Ngayngay palaNgayngayen ko pakika.

Miteka, hakasi no Dipong paretatenga oya maro’ay i dafdaf a Pinpu finacadan a yincumin malaPayrang to, dengan to oya “Pinpu finacadan” ano eca “Pinpufan” a nisowalan o pihaop aca, oya nisiikedan a finacadan palao “Takayamacu” patodong. Ikor, o hakasi no Dipong to mamalasawad a ponka no Pinpu finacadan ira to ko masatalolongay a nikafana’an saka, nanoya oya nisowalan a “Pinpu finacadan”, so’elinen halo adihayay kasasiroma no sowal, kasasiroma a ponka no finacadan.

Nikawrira, ’ayaw no 90 no mihecaan, o hakasi sakiPinpu finacadan masasiroma ko pisiiked, ira ko 7 finacadan 14 sangasaw, ira ko 8 finacadan, 9 finacadan, 10 finacadan, 12 finacadan sanay (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b).

Midotoc to aniniay mikingkiway pahecian, saki “Pinpu finacadan”, “Takayamacu” a kasasiiked, caay ko tataparan sanay masasiiked ko finawlan, o nano nai 17 sician ko nisanga’an a likisi, nawhani kasafinacadan a ’orip a sofal ato Palapayrangan a ko saka milafotay to calay. Roma a sowal, o nian “Pinpu finacadan” a kasasiroma no ponka, latek ikaka to cecay no “Pinpucu” ato cecay no “Takasakoco” a kasasiroma, o cecay no “Pinpu finacadan” ato cecay no “Takasako finacadan” latek oya cecayay a finacadan. Tinako sasowalen, nai sowal ato ponka ko pinengneng, samangataay to no ’Amis finacadan a Slaya, Taman ato Makataw finacadan no Taywan a Pinpu finacadan; o sowal ato Saysiyak finacadan mangata to Loylon finacadan no yincuminco.

=== Pakayraan no finacadan (族源) ===</text>
      <sha1>rkezla3q92vo4h5dd663rud4iqr1ef3</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>46881</id>
      <parentid>46880</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-07-07T01:01:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Masaonikar</username>
        <id>570</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Pakayraan no finacadan (族源) */</comment>
      <origin>46881</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7895" sha1="7z4qd9uxfu73gwwfedey1af43vmlr7r" xml:space="preserve">== Pinpu finacadan (平埔族群) ==
Pinpu finacadan, to hatiniay Pinpoco han ko pitahidang, o pisiiked to sapikown to yincumin no Taywan a tahidang koni[2]. O roma a tahidang o Kaosancu; ikor midoedo to mikingkiway, ponkaan, itiya a mafana’ to o ’alomanay a finacadan caay ko cecayay a finacadan sato, anini falican ko pitahidang o Pinpocu fuinacadan hanto. Oya ’alomanay Pinpuco finacadan tangsa anini caay ho haydaen no Conghuaminko sifo o yincuminco caira, dengan oya pakapian i ’Amis finacadan a Kavalan finacadan.

Pinpu finacadan i’ayaw no pikowan no netherland, spain itiya o “Aporicini-アボリジニ” han ko pitahidang; pikowan to no Mancin i, saheto o mapalatamdaway, maecakay finacadan[1], ato Nama no fan, wairudona fan sanay ko pasasi’ayaw[3]:12. Orasaka o Cori sareta, Aporicini-アボリジニ itiraay i “Dafdafay pala” (Pingti caopu), samasa o sowal pangangan o Pingpuah, Pucirin, Pingpufan (Payrang: Pi-poo-hoan; Inkiris Pepohoan[4][5][6]), onini “Pinpu” a sowal todong “Dafdaf” ano eca “enaray” sanay ko todong no sowal[7].

Tangasa to pikowan no Dipong a to’ek “Taywan Fancin demak” a tilidan o yincumin malitosa Kaosancu, Pinpuco[3]:13, kasaniyaro’ a Pinpuco finacadan ona palowaday to pifalic pala “Tongninco” sanay a syakay onto[5][8]. Tangasa no Conghuaminko to’ek a mikowan miteka o rayray no Pinpuco malasawaday to ko finacadan harateng, caay to pala o yincuminco cangra; ikor makerih to ko mikingkiway t ofinacadan no Taywan, onini likisi no Pinpuco miteka a masafaloco’ no syakay, nika o Pinpuco a finacadan ona oya “Pinpuco” koni finacadan, saan to ikor miliyaw a misilsil to kasasiiked masiroma[2][3]:18.

O Saisiyat ato Thao finadan ona nipacomodan i Pinpu a finacadan, nengnengen “Pinpuco”, “mapalatamdaway”, “maecakay finacadan” ato “manta’ finacadan” sanay ko pisiiked, onini o sakanga’ay no papotalay mikowan, caayay pidotoc to no yincuminco i nihamonan no niyah konini pisiiked, saka aniniay a pipangangan no Pinpu ano eca palowad to ngangan a onto. Tangasa 2022 miheca 10 folad 28 romi’ad, ono Conghuaminko kimpo a hoyin saki Silaya finacadan to kacingangan no yincumin a demak i, mihapiw to itiyaay ho “Rikec no kacingangan no yincumin” o caayay ka tatodong i kimpo, patodongen to tolo miheca ko pisalofan, mihayda to no Kaosancu a pisingsi malayincuminco o nano Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no Taywan, midotoc a pakayni sakacingangan nai tatapangan no rikec ko Pinpu finacadan[9].  

=== Likisi (歷史)   ===
O Pinpu a finacadan nai ’ayaw 17 sician katayni no Payrang i Taywan i, malesap nai ka’amis Yilan, Kilong tangasa katimol mililisay to saetip a riyar a dafdaf a sera, itira ira ko kasasiromaan no ponka, sowal, niyaro’ ko pihamon a saniyaro’an no sa’opo.

Pinpu a fuinacadan ka’amis nai Suaw ato Tayal a kasasilaed, katimol nai Fanliaw ato Paiwanfinacadan malalaed, ikor maepec no Payrang o roma i malinah tayra roma a pala, matiya o Hengcun, Puli, Kalingko Posong.

=== Pakayraan no sowal (詞源) ===
“Pinpu” a sowal a padotocan, manga’ay so’edacen nai Cingcao Yongceng pikowan Huangsujin “Taihai sicalu” (ikor no 1742 miheca), onini a tilid masowal ko “kasa Pinpu a saniyaro’” a sowal, ikor nai ci Chen Lunjiong a “Haikuo wencienlu” (1731 miheca) ira masadak ko “Pinpu yincumin” a sowal[3]:13.

Nawhani o ponka no yincumin macacofelay i no Payrang a finacadan, orasaka i ’ayaway no Payrang a rayray no likisi no Taywan masowal ko “Fan” [3]. Nai “Fan” a tilidan, pahecian a sowal a minengneng, “Fan” oya “macengelay” ato “omah” patatekoan, o maomahay a tamdaw sanay ko pitoro’, matiniay ko sa’orip. Nika, itini i romaay finacadan konengneng, “Fan” iraay ko mipelesay, miepecay a sowal[11].

I’ayaw yincumin no Taywan dengan o “niyaro’” ko iraay awaay ko “finacadan” sanay a latrkan[3]:12, orasaka o niyaro’ sato ko pitahidang. Tinako: Tacia kawaliay niyaro’ (tongsya) ato Tacia kaetipay niyaro’ “sisya” maro’ay, sacisowal sato o Tasya a tamdaw. O Pinpu finacadan ano eca Pinpu maecakay finacadan sanay a sowal i matiliday, o sapisiiked toya mangta’ay finacadan ato malafelay finacadan ato lotokay finacadan sanay ko pasasiromaan.

Talacawa nai 18 sician matilid no Mancin o Maecakay a Pinpu sanay ko pitahidang, mika itira i 19 sician mangalef ko nikasowal[4]. Rahodayen ko sowal, i 18 sician matilid o “Pinpu fan”, “Pinpu maecakay fan”, o patoro’ to itiraay i dafdafay no Pintong, dafdafay no Yilan, dafdafay no Posong ato dafdafay no Hengcun a yincumin finacadan. So’elinen ko sowal, o nisowalan no mita anini oya “Pinpu finacadan” tosaay ko pisimed to sasowalen: “Pinpu” ato “Maecakay finacadan”. O cecay a sowal “Pinpu” malifong i kasaniyaro’, oya “maecakay a finacadan” o sowal no mikowanay; nika soelinay, naikoran no Mancin, “Pinpu”, “Maecakay finacadan” itiraay i kasasiroma no finacadan, o mirarakatay a sdowal koni a pitahidang. O pisetek malecaday o pisiiked to sasiroma no sa’etal, tinako itiraay i Hencun, “Maecakay finacadan” snay a pisetek to micamolay to Payrang ato Yincumin, saka “Maecakay finacadan” a niyaro’ han ko pitahidang.  

=== Kasasiiked (分類) ===
Talacowa naira ko tamdawan, kasasiromaroma no tamdaw itiya to masasikihar ko ira ko “sasiiked no rocok”. Nika, kaira no tamdaw ira ko “finacadan” ato “finawlan” ko pisiiked to tamdaw o ikoray to ko nian, mangalef piteka no i’ayaw no 100 miheca picalap no micingcingay ato misatekeday ko pikowanan ho itiya. O Taywan saheto o “masiikeday ko finacadan” saka matiniay ko kamatira no to’ekan mapalowan.  

Ka Dipongan no Taywan o mitakedan a micowat ko pikowan to Taywan itiya, o patodong no pikowan, o pisapinangaw misolap ato sapinang to finacadan ato sera no Taywan, saan micowat misaiked to fanacadan no Taywan ko tayal (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b); tinako oya tayniay nai congko a Minan sa’etal a Ngayngay tamdaw palaPayrangen, ’ayaway nano Ngayngay palaNgayngayen ko pakika.

Miteka, hakasi no Dipong paretatenga oya maro’ay i dafdaf a Pinpu finacadan a yincumin malaPayrang to, dengan to oya “Pinpu finacadan” ano eca “Pinpufan” a nisowalan o pihaop aca, oya nisiikedan a finacadan palao “Takayamacu” patodong. Ikor, o hakasi no Dipong to mamalasawad a ponka no Pinpu finacadan ira to ko masatalolongay a nikafana’an saka, nanoya oya nisowalan a “Pinpu finacadan”, so’elinen halo adihayay kasasiroma no sowal, kasasiroma a ponka no finacadan.

Nikawrira, ’ayaw no 90 no mihecaan, o hakasi sakiPinpu finacadan masasiroma ko pisiiked, ira ko 7 finacadan 14 sangasaw, ira ko 8 finacadan, 9 finacadan, 10 finacadan, 12 finacadan sanay (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b).

Midotoc to aniniay mikingkiway pahecian, saki “Pinpu finacadan”, “Takayamacu” a kasasiiked, caay ko tataparan sanay masasiiked ko finawlan, o nano nai 17 sician ko nisanga’an a likisi, nawhani kasafinacadan a ’orip a sofal ato Palapayrangan a ko saka milafotay to calay. Roma a sowal, o nian “Pinpu finacadan” a kasasiroma no ponka, latek ikaka to cecay no “Pinpucu” ato cecay no “Takasakoco” a kasasiroma, o cecay no “Pinpu finacadan” ato cecay no “Takasako finacadan” latek oya cecayay a finacadan. Tinako sasowalen, nai sowal ato ponka ko pinengneng, samangataay to no ’Amis finacadan a Slaya, Taman ato Makataw finacadan no Taywan a Pinpu finacadan; o sowal ato Saysiyak finacadan mangata to Loylon finacadan no yincuminco.

=== Pakayraan no finacadan (族源) ===
Midoedo to no aniniay nipikingkiw misaheci, pakayraan no Pinpuco a ponka saheto o nai Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no Taywan. Onini a finacadan malesap itini i Taypinyang ato Intoyang, samaraayay manga’ay rapoten koya maraayay to Taywan a Easter Island ato Madagascar.</text>
      <sha1>7z4qd9uxfu73gwwfedey1af43vmlr7r</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>46882</id>
      <parentid>46881</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-07-07T01:02:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Masaonikar</username>
        <id>570</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Pakayraan no finacadan (族源) */</comment>
      <origin>46882</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8487" sha1="4w0aagaiftu84yt673ydz39mcrg7eg4" xml:space="preserve">== Pinpu finacadan (平埔族群) ==
Pinpu finacadan, to hatiniay Pinpoco han ko pitahidang, o pisiiked to sapikown to yincumin no Taywan a tahidang koni[2]. O roma a tahidang o Kaosancu; ikor midoedo to mikingkiway, ponkaan, itiya a mafana’ to o ’alomanay a finacadan caay ko cecayay a finacadan sato, anini falican ko pitahidang o Pinpocu fuinacadan hanto. Oya ’alomanay Pinpuco finacadan tangsa anini caay ho haydaen no Conghuaminko sifo o yincuminco caira, dengan oya pakapian i ’Amis finacadan a Kavalan finacadan.

Pinpu finacadan i’ayaw no pikowan no netherland, spain itiya o “Aporicini-アボリジニ” han ko pitahidang; pikowan to no Mancin i, saheto o mapalatamdaway, maecakay finacadan[1], ato Nama no fan, wairudona fan sanay ko pasasi’ayaw[3]:12. Orasaka o Cori sareta, Aporicini-アボリジニ itiraay i “Dafdafay pala” (Pingti caopu), samasa o sowal pangangan o Pingpuah, Pucirin, Pingpufan (Payrang: Pi-poo-hoan; Inkiris Pepohoan[4][5][6]), onini “Pinpu” a sowal todong “Dafdaf” ano eca “enaray” sanay ko todong no sowal[7].

Tangasa to pikowan no Dipong a to’ek “Taywan Fancin demak” a tilidan o yincumin malitosa Kaosancu, Pinpuco[3]:13, kasaniyaro’ a Pinpuco finacadan ona palowaday to pifalic pala “Tongninco” sanay a syakay onto[5][8]. Tangasa no Conghuaminko to’ek a mikowan miteka o rayray no Pinpuco malasawaday to ko finacadan harateng, caay to pala o yincuminco cangra; ikor makerih to ko mikingkiway t ofinacadan no Taywan, onini likisi no Pinpuco miteka a masafaloco’ no syakay, nika o Pinpuco a finacadan ona oya “Pinpuco” koni finacadan, saan to ikor miliyaw a misilsil to kasasiiked masiroma[2][3]:18.

O Saisiyat ato Thao finadan ona nipacomodan i Pinpu a finacadan, nengnengen “Pinpuco”, “mapalatamdaway”, “maecakay finacadan” ato “manta’ finacadan” sanay ko pisiiked, onini o sakanga’ay no papotalay mikowan, caayay pidotoc to no yincuminco i nihamonan no niyah konini pisiiked, saka aniniay a pipangangan no Pinpu ano eca palowad to ngangan a onto. Tangasa 2022 miheca 10 folad 28 romi’ad, ono Conghuaminko kimpo a hoyin saki Silaya finacadan to kacingangan no yincumin a demak i, mihapiw to itiyaay ho “Rikec no kacingangan no yincumin” o caayay ka tatodong i kimpo, patodongen to tolo miheca ko pisalofan, mihayda to no Kaosancu a pisingsi malayincuminco o nano Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no Taywan, midotoc a pakayni sakacingangan nai tatapangan no rikec ko Pinpu finacadan[9].  

=== Likisi (歷史)   ===
O Pinpu a finacadan nai ’ayaw 17 sician katayni no Payrang i Taywan i, malesap nai ka’amis Yilan, Kilong tangasa katimol mililisay to saetip a riyar a dafdaf a sera, itira ira ko kasasiromaan no ponka, sowal, niyaro’ ko pihamon a saniyaro’an no sa’opo.

Pinpu a fuinacadan ka’amis nai Suaw ato Tayal a kasasilaed, katimol nai Fanliaw ato Paiwanfinacadan malalaed, ikor maepec no Payrang o roma i malinah tayra roma a pala, matiya o Hengcun, Puli, Kalingko Posong.

=== Pakayraan no sowal (詞源) ===
“Pinpu” a sowal a padotocan, manga’ay so’edacen nai Cingcao Yongceng pikowan Huangsujin “Taihai sicalu” (ikor no 1742 miheca), onini a tilid masowal ko “kasa Pinpu a saniyaro’” a sowal, ikor nai ci Chen Lunjiong a “Haikuo wencienlu” (1731 miheca) ira masadak ko “Pinpu yincumin” a sowal[3]:13.

Nawhani o ponka no yincumin macacofelay i no Payrang a finacadan, orasaka i ’ayaway no Payrang a rayray no likisi no Taywan masowal ko “Fan” [3]. Nai “Fan” a tilidan, pahecian a sowal a minengneng, “Fan” oya “macengelay” ato “omah” patatekoan, o maomahay a tamdaw sanay ko pitoro’, matiniay ko sa’orip. Nika, itini i romaay finacadan konengneng, “Fan” iraay ko mipelesay, miepecay a sowal[11].

I’ayaw yincumin no Taywan dengan o “niyaro’” ko iraay awaay ko “finacadan” sanay a latrkan[3]:12, orasaka o niyaro’ sato ko pitahidang. Tinako: Tacia kawaliay niyaro’ (tongsya) ato Tacia kaetipay niyaro’ “sisya” maro’ay, sacisowal sato o Tasya a tamdaw. O Pinpu finacadan ano eca Pinpu maecakay finacadan sanay a sowal i matiliday, o sapisiiked toya mangta’ay finacadan ato malafelay finacadan ato lotokay finacadan sanay ko pasasiromaan.

Talacawa nai 18 sician matilid no Mancin o Maecakay a Pinpu sanay ko pitahidang, mika itira i 19 sician mangalef ko nikasowal[4]. Rahodayen ko sowal, i 18 sician matilid o “Pinpu fan”, “Pinpu maecakay fan”, o patoro’ to itiraay i dafdafay no Pintong, dafdafay no Yilan, dafdafay no Posong ato dafdafay no Hengcun a yincumin finacadan. So’elinen ko sowal, o nisowalan no mita anini oya “Pinpu finacadan” tosaay ko pisimed to sasowalen: “Pinpu” ato “Maecakay finacadan”. O cecay a sowal “Pinpu” malifong i kasaniyaro’, oya “maecakay a finacadan” o sowal no mikowanay; nika soelinay, naikoran no Mancin, “Pinpu”, “Maecakay finacadan” itiraay i kasasiroma no finacadan, o mirarakatay a sdowal koni a pitahidang. O pisetek malecaday o pisiiked to sasiroma no sa’etal, tinako itiraay i Hencun, “Maecakay finacadan” snay a pisetek to micamolay to Payrang ato Yincumin, saka “Maecakay finacadan” a niyaro’ han ko pitahidang.  

=== Kasasiiked (分類) ===
Talacowa naira ko tamdawan, kasasiromaroma no tamdaw itiya to masasikihar ko ira ko “sasiiked no rocok”. Nika, kaira no tamdaw ira ko “finacadan” ato “finawlan” ko pisiiked to tamdaw o ikoray to ko nian, mangalef piteka no i’ayaw no 100 miheca picalap no micingcingay ato misatekeday ko pikowanan ho itiya. O Taywan saheto o “masiikeday ko finacadan” saka matiniay ko kamatira no to’ekan mapalowan.  

Ka Dipongan no Taywan o mitakedan a micowat ko pikowan to Taywan itiya, o patodong no pikowan, o pisapinangaw misolap ato sapinang to finacadan ato sera no Taywan, saan micowat misaiked to fanacadan no Taywan ko tayal (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b); tinako oya tayniay nai congko a Minan sa’etal a Ngayngay tamdaw palaPayrangen, ’ayaway nano Ngayngay palaNgayngayen ko pakika.

Miteka, hakasi no Dipong paretatenga oya maro’ay i dafdaf a Pinpu finacadan a yincumin malaPayrang to, dengan to oya “Pinpu finacadan” ano eca “Pinpufan” a nisowalan o pihaop aca, oya nisiikedan a finacadan palao “Takayamacu” patodong. Ikor, o hakasi no Dipong to mamalasawad a ponka no Pinpu finacadan ira to ko masatalolongay a nikafana’an saka, nanoya oya nisowalan a “Pinpu finacadan”, so’elinen halo adihayay kasasiroma no sowal, kasasiroma a ponka no finacadan.

Nikawrira, ’ayaw no 90 no mihecaan, o hakasi sakiPinpu finacadan masasiroma ko pisiiked, ira ko 7 finacadan 14 sangasaw, ira ko 8 finacadan, 9 finacadan, 10 finacadan, 12 finacadan sanay (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b).

Midotoc to aniniay mikingkiway pahecian, saki “Pinpu finacadan”, “Takayamacu” a kasasiiked, caay ko tataparan sanay masasiiked ko finawlan, o nano nai 17 sician ko nisanga’an a likisi, nawhani kasafinacadan a ’orip a sofal ato Palapayrangan a ko saka milafotay to calay. Roma a sowal, o nian “Pinpu finacadan” a kasasiroma no ponka, latek ikaka to cecay no “Pinpucu” ato cecay no “Takasakoco” a kasasiroma, o cecay no “Pinpu finacadan” ato cecay no “Takasako finacadan” latek oya cecayay a finacadan. Tinako sasowalen, nai sowal ato ponka ko pinengneng, samangataay to no ’Amis finacadan a Slaya, Taman ato Makataw finacadan no Taywan a Pinpu finacadan; o sowal ato Saysiyak finacadan mangata to Loylon finacadan no yincuminco.

=== Pakayraan no finacadan (族源) ===
Midoedo to no aniniay nipikingkiw misaheci, pakayraan no Pinpuco a ponka saheto o nai Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no Taywan. Onini a finacadan malesap itini i Taypinyang ato Intoyang, samaraayay manga’ay rapoten koya maraayay to Taywan a Easter Island ato Madagascar.

Dotocen ko kaitiraan, o itiraay i paka’amisay a finacadan no Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan i Taywan ko Pinpu a finacadan. So’elinen o I’ayaway no fa’elohay fokelohan a to’ek ko kaira ano eca talahakel i Taywan ko Pinpu finacadan, o nano mikiriyaray a finacadan. O piwacay no Yincuminco wiyinhuy to yincuminco no Taywan ato Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no hekal a kasakihar i pahapinang to o “nao Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan ko finacadan no Taywan, sakitamdawan ono Malay a tamdawan saka, o paka’amisay no Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan ko Taywan” saan[12].</text>
      <sha1>4w0aagaiftu84yt673ydz39mcrg7eg4</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>46883</id>
      <parentid>46882</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-07-07T01:02:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Masaonikar</username>
        <id>570</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Pakayraan no finacadan (族源) */</comment>
      <origin>46883</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8555" sha1="01f89nqnox69jt3boynzwnwek53ib46" xml:space="preserve">== Pinpu finacadan (平埔族群) ==
Pinpu finacadan, to hatiniay Pinpoco han ko pitahidang, o pisiiked to sapikown to yincumin no Taywan a tahidang koni[2]. O roma a tahidang o Kaosancu; ikor midoedo to mikingkiway, ponkaan, itiya a mafana’ to o ’alomanay a finacadan caay ko cecayay a finacadan sato, anini falican ko pitahidang o Pinpocu fuinacadan hanto. Oya ’alomanay Pinpuco finacadan tangsa anini caay ho haydaen no Conghuaminko sifo o yincuminco caira, dengan oya pakapian i ’Amis finacadan a Kavalan finacadan.

Pinpu finacadan i’ayaw no pikowan no netherland, spain itiya o “Aporicini-アボリジニ” han ko pitahidang; pikowan to no Mancin i, saheto o mapalatamdaway, maecakay finacadan[1], ato Nama no fan, wairudona fan sanay ko pasasi’ayaw[3]:12. Orasaka o Cori sareta, Aporicini-アボリジニ itiraay i “Dafdafay pala” (Pingti caopu), samasa o sowal pangangan o Pingpuah, Pucirin, Pingpufan (Payrang: Pi-poo-hoan; Inkiris Pepohoan[4][5][6]), onini “Pinpu” a sowal todong “Dafdaf” ano eca “enaray” sanay ko todong no sowal[7].

Tangasa to pikowan no Dipong a to’ek “Taywan Fancin demak” a tilidan o yincumin malitosa Kaosancu, Pinpuco[3]:13, kasaniyaro’ a Pinpuco finacadan ona palowaday to pifalic pala “Tongninco” sanay a syakay onto[5][8]. Tangasa no Conghuaminko to’ek a mikowan miteka o rayray no Pinpuco malasawaday to ko finacadan harateng, caay to pala o yincuminco cangra; ikor makerih to ko mikingkiway t ofinacadan no Taywan, onini likisi no Pinpuco miteka a masafaloco’ no syakay, nika o Pinpuco a finacadan ona oya “Pinpuco” koni finacadan, saan to ikor miliyaw a misilsil to kasasiiked masiroma[2][3]:18.

O Saisiyat ato Thao finadan ona nipacomodan i Pinpu a finacadan, nengnengen “Pinpuco”, “mapalatamdaway”, “maecakay finacadan” ato “manta’ finacadan” sanay ko pisiiked, onini o sakanga’ay no papotalay mikowan, caayay pidotoc to no yincuminco i nihamonan no niyah konini pisiiked, saka aniniay a pipangangan no Pinpu ano eca palowad to ngangan a onto. Tangasa 2022 miheca 10 folad 28 romi’ad, ono Conghuaminko kimpo a hoyin saki Silaya finacadan to kacingangan no yincumin a demak i, mihapiw to itiyaay ho “Rikec no kacingangan no yincumin” o caayay ka tatodong i kimpo, patodongen to tolo miheca ko pisalofan, mihayda to no Kaosancu a pisingsi malayincuminco o nano Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no Taywan, midotoc a pakayni sakacingangan nai tatapangan no rikec ko Pinpu finacadan[9].  

=== Likisi (歷史)   ===
O Pinpu a finacadan nai ’ayaw 17 sician katayni no Payrang i Taywan i, malesap nai ka’amis Yilan, Kilong tangasa katimol mililisay to saetip a riyar a dafdaf a sera, itira ira ko kasasiromaan no ponka, sowal, niyaro’ ko pihamon a saniyaro’an no sa’opo.

Pinpu a fuinacadan ka’amis nai Suaw ato Tayal a kasasilaed, katimol nai Fanliaw ato Paiwanfinacadan malalaed, ikor maepec no Payrang o roma i malinah tayra roma a pala, matiya o Hengcun, Puli, Kalingko Posong.

=== Pakayraan no sowal (詞源) ===
“Pinpu” a sowal a padotocan, manga’ay so’edacen nai Cingcao Yongceng pikowan Huangsujin “Taihai sicalu” (ikor no 1742 miheca), onini a tilid masowal ko “kasa Pinpu a saniyaro’” a sowal, ikor nai ci Chen Lunjiong a “Haikuo wencienlu” (1731 miheca) ira masadak ko “Pinpu yincumin” a sowal[3]:13.

Nawhani o ponka no yincumin macacofelay i no Payrang a finacadan, orasaka i ’ayaway no Payrang a rayray no likisi no Taywan masowal ko “Fan” [3]. Nai “Fan” a tilidan, pahecian a sowal a minengneng, “Fan” oya “macengelay” ato “omah” patatekoan, o maomahay a tamdaw sanay ko pitoro’, matiniay ko sa’orip. Nika, itini i romaay finacadan konengneng, “Fan” iraay ko mipelesay, miepecay a sowal[11].

I’ayaw yincumin no Taywan dengan o “niyaro’” ko iraay awaay ko “finacadan” sanay a latrkan[3]:12, orasaka o niyaro’ sato ko pitahidang. Tinako: Tacia kawaliay niyaro’ (tongsya) ato Tacia kaetipay niyaro’ “sisya” maro’ay, sacisowal sato o Tasya a tamdaw. O Pinpu finacadan ano eca Pinpu maecakay finacadan sanay a sowal i matiliday, o sapisiiked toya mangta’ay finacadan ato malafelay finacadan ato lotokay finacadan sanay ko pasasiromaan.

Talacawa nai 18 sician matilid no Mancin o Maecakay a Pinpu sanay ko pitahidang, mika itira i 19 sician mangalef ko nikasowal[4]. Rahodayen ko sowal, i 18 sician matilid o “Pinpu fan”, “Pinpu maecakay fan”, o patoro’ to itiraay i dafdafay no Pintong, dafdafay no Yilan, dafdafay no Posong ato dafdafay no Hengcun a yincumin finacadan. So’elinen ko sowal, o nisowalan no mita anini oya “Pinpu finacadan” tosaay ko pisimed to sasowalen: “Pinpu” ato “Maecakay finacadan”. O cecay a sowal “Pinpu” malifong i kasaniyaro’, oya “maecakay a finacadan” o sowal no mikowanay; nika soelinay, naikoran no Mancin, “Pinpu”, “Maecakay finacadan” itiraay i kasasiroma no finacadan, o mirarakatay a sdowal koni a pitahidang. O pisetek malecaday o pisiiked to sasiroma no sa’etal, tinako itiraay i Hencun, “Maecakay finacadan” snay a pisetek to micamolay to Payrang ato Yincumin, saka “Maecakay finacadan” a niyaro’ han ko pitahidang.  

=== Kasasiiked (分類) ===
Talacowa naira ko tamdawan, kasasiromaroma no tamdaw itiya to masasikihar ko ira ko “sasiiked no rocok”. Nika, kaira no tamdaw ira ko “finacadan” ato “finawlan” ko pisiiked to tamdaw o ikoray to ko nian, mangalef piteka no i’ayaw no 100 miheca picalap no micingcingay ato misatekeday ko pikowanan ho itiya. O Taywan saheto o “masiikeday ko finacadan” saka matiniay ko kamatira no to’ekan mapalowan.  

Ka Dipongan no Taywan o mitakedan a micowat ko pikowan to Taywan itiya, o patodong no pikowan, o pisapinangaw misolap ato sapinang to finacadan ato sera no Taywan, saan micowat misaiked to fanacadan no Taywan ko tayal (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b); tinako oya tayniay nai congko a Minan sa’etal a Ngayngay tamdaw palaPayrangen, ’ayaway nano Ngayngay palaNgayngayen ko pakika.

Miteka, hakasi no Dipong paretatenga oya maro’ay i dafdaf a Pinpu finacadan a yincumin malaPayrang to, dengan to oya “Pinpu finacadan” ano eca “Pinpufan” a nisowalan o pihaop aca, oya nisiikedan a finacadan palao “Takayamacu” patodong. Ikor, o hakasi no Dipong to mamalasawad a ponka no Pinpu finacadan ira to ko masatalolongay a nikafana’an saka, nanoya oya nisowalan a “Pinpu finacadan”, so’elinen halo adihayay kasasiroma no sowal, kasasiroma a ponka no finacadan.

Nikawrira, ’ayaw no 90 no mihecaan, o hakasi sakiPinpu finacadan masasiroma ko pisiiked, ira ko 7 finacadan 14 sangasaw, ira ko 8 finacadan, 9 finacadan, 10 finacadan, 12 finacadan sanay (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b).

Midotoc to aniniay mikingkiway pahecian, saki “Pinpu finacadan”, “Takayamacu” a kasasiiked, caay ko tataparan sanay masasiiked ko finawlan, o nano nai 17 sician ko nisanga’an a likisi, nawhani kasafinacadan a ’orip a sofal ato Palapayrangan a ko saka milafotay to calay. Roma a sowal, o nian “Pinpu finacadan” a kasasiroma no ponka, latek ikaka to cecay no “Pinpucu” ato cecay no “Takasakoco” a kasasiroma, o cecay no “Pinpu finacadan” ato cecay no “Takasako finacadan” latek oya cecayay a finacadan. Tinako sasowalen, nai sowal ato ponka ko pinengneng, samangataay to no ’Amis finacadan a Slaya, Taman ato Makataw finacadan no Taywan a Pinpu finacadan; o sowal ato Saysiyak finacadan mangata to Loylon finacadan no yincuminco.

=== Pakayraan no finacadan (族源) ===
Midoedo to no aniniay nipikingkiw misaheci, pakayraan no Pinpuco a ponka saheto o nai Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no Taywan. Onini a finacadan malesap itini i Taypinyang ato Intoyang, samaraayay manga’ay rapoten koya maraayay to Taywan a Easter Island ato Madagascar.

Dotocen ko kaitiraan, o itiraay i paka’amisay a finacadan no Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan i Taywan ko Pinpu a finacadan. So’elinen o I’ayaway no fa’elohay fokelohan a to’ek ko kaira ano eca talahakel i Taywan ko Pinpu finacadan, o nano mikiriyaray a finacadan. O piwacay no Yincuminco wiyinhuy to yincuminco no Taywan ato Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no hekal a kasakihar i pahapinang to o “nao Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan ko finacadan no Taywan, sakitamdawan ono Malay a tamdawan saka, o paka’amisay no Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan ko Taywan” saan[12].

==== No kaDipongan to’ek a pisilsil (日治時期的分類) ====</text>
      <sha1>01f89nqnox69jt3boynzwnwek53ib46</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>46884</id>
      <parentid>46883</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-07-07T01:02:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Masaonikar</username>
        <id>570</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* No kaDipongan to’ek a pisilsil (日治時期的分類) */</comment>
      <origin>46884</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8984" sha1="r9c6f2slantbijn8fpvx5j0y0m44p3h" xml:space="preserve">== Pinpu finacadan (平埔族群) ==
Pinpu finacadan, to hatiniay Pinpoco han ko pitahidang, o pisiiked to sapikown to yincumin no Taywan a tahidang koni[2]. O roma a tahidang o Kaosancu; ikor midoedo to mikingkiway, ponkaan, itiya a mafana’ to o ’alomanay a finacadan caay ko cecayay a finacadan sato, anini falican ko pitahidang o Pinpocu fuinacadan hanto. Oya ’alomanay Pinpuco finacadan tangsa anini caay ho haydaen no Conghuaminko sifo o yincuminco caira, dengan oya pakapian i ’Amis finacadan a Kavalan finacadan.

Pinpu finacadan i’ayaw no pikowan no netherland, spain itiya o “Aporicini-アボリジニ” han ko pitahidang; pikowan to no Mancin i, saheto o mapalatamdaway, maecakay finacadan[1], ato Nama no fan, wairudona fan sanay ko pasasi’ayaw[3]:12. Orasaka o Cori sareta, Aporicini-アボリジニ itiraay i “Dafdafay pala” (Pingti caopu), samasa o sowal pangangan o Pingpuah, Pucirin, Pingpufan (Payrang: Pi-poo-hoan; Inkiris Pepohoan[4][5][6]), onini “Pinpu” a sowal todong “Dafdaf” ano eca “enaray” sanay ko todong no sowal[7].

Tangasa to pikowan no Dipong a to’ek “Taywan Fancin demak” a tilidan o yincumin malitosa Kaosancu, Pinpuco[3]:13, kasaniyaro’ a Pinpuco finacadan ona palowaday to pifalic pala “Tongninco” sanay a syakay onto[5][8]. Tangasa no Conghuaminko to’ek a mikowan miteka o rayray no Pinpuco malasawaday to ko finacadan harateng, caay to pala o yincuminco cangra; ikor makerih to ko mikingkiway t ofinacadan no Taywan, onini likisi no Pinpuco miteka a masafaloco’ no syakay, nika o Pinpuco a finacadan ona oya “Pinpuco” koni finacadan, saan to ikor miliyaw a misilsil to kasasiiked masiroma[2][3]:18.

O Saisiyat ato Thao finadan ona nipacomodan i Pinpu a finacadan, nengnengen “Pinpuco”, “mapalatamdaway”, “maecakay finacadan” ato “manta’ finacadan” sanay ko pisiiked, onini o sakanga’ay no papotalay mikowan, caayay pidotoc to no yincuminco i nihamonan no niyah konini pisiiked, saka aniniay a pipangangan no Pinpu ano eca palowad to ngangan a onto. Tangasa 2022 miheca 10 folad 28 romi’ad, ono Conghuaminko kimpo a hoyin saki Silaya finacadan to kacingangan no yincumin a demak i, mihapiw to itiyaay ho “Rikec no kacingangan no yincumin” o caayay ka tatodong i kimpo, patodongen to tolo miheca ko pisalofan, mihayda to no Kaosancu a pisingsi malayincuminco o nano Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no Taywan, midotoc a pakayni sakacingangan nai tatapangan no rikec ko Pinpu finacadan[9].  

=== Likisi (歷史)   ===
O Pinpu a finacadan nai ’ayaw 17 sician katayni no Payrang i Taywan i, malesap nai ka’amis Yilan, Kilong tangasa katimol mililisay to saetip a riyar a dafdaf a sera, itira ira ko kasasiromaan no ponka, sowal, niyaro’ ko pihamon a saniyaro’an no sa’opo.

Pinpu a fuinacadan ka’amis nai Suaw ato Tayal a kasasilaed, katimol nai Fanliaw ato Paiwanfinacadan malalaed, ikor maepec no Payrang o roma i malinah tayra roma a pala, matiya o Hengcun, Puli, Kalingko Posong.

=== Pakayraan no sowal (詞源) ===
“Pinpu” a sowal a padotocan, manga’ay so’edacen nai Cingcao Yongceng pikowan Huangsujin “Taihai sicalu” (ikor no 1742 miheca), onini a tilid masowal ko “kasa Pinpu a saniyaro’” a sowal, ikor nai ci Chen Lunjiong a “Haikuo wencienlu” (1731 miheca) ira masadak ko “Pinpu yincumin” a sowal[3]:13.

Nawhani o ponka no yincumin macacofelay i no Payrang a finacadan, orasaka i ’ayaway no Payrang a rayray no likisi no Taywan masowal ko “Fan” [3]. Nai “Fan” a tilidan, pahecian a sowal a minengneng, “Fan” oya “macengelay” ato “omah” patatekoan, o maomahay a tamdaw sanay ko pitoro’, matiniay ko sa’orip. Nika, itini i romaay finacadan konengneng, “Fan” iraay ko mipelesay, miepecay a sowal[11].

I’ayaw yincumin no Taywan dengan o “niyaro’” ko iraay awaay ko “finacadan” sanay a latrkan[3]:12, orasaka o niyaro’ sato ko pitahidang. Tinako: Tacia kawaliay niyaro’ (tongsya) ato Tacia kaetipay niyaro’ “sisya” maro’ay, sacisowal sato o Tasya a tamdaw. O Pinpu finacadan ano eca Pinpu maecakay finacadan sanay a sowal i matiliday, o sapisiiked toya mangta’ay finacadan ato malafelay finacadan ato lotokay finacadan sanay ko pasasiromaan.

Talacawa nai 18 sician matilid no Mancin o Maecakay a Pinpu sanay ko pitahidang, mika itira i 19 sician mangalef ko nikasowal[4]. Rahodayen ko sowal, i 18 sician matilid o “Pinpu fan”, “Pinpu maecakay fan”, o patoro’ to itiraay i dafdafay no Pintong, dafdafay no Yilan, dafdafay no Posong ato dafdafay no Hengcun a yincumin finacadan. So’elinen ko sowal, o nisowalan no mita anini oya “Pinpu finacadan” tosaay ko pisimed to sasowalen: “Pinpu” ato “Maecakay finacadan”. O cecay a sowal “Pinpu” malifong i kasaniyaro’, oya “maecakay a finacadan” o sowal no mikowanay; nika soelinay, naikoran no Mancin, “Pinpu”, “Maecakay finacadan” itiraay i kasasiroma no finacadan, o mirarakatay a sdowal koni a pitahidang. O pisetek malecaday o pisiiked to sasiroma no sa’etal, tinako itiraay i Hencun, “Maecakay finacadan” snay a pisetek to micamolay to Payrang ato Yincumin, saka “Maecakay finacadan” a niyaro’ han ko pitahidang.  

=== Kasasiiked (分類) ===
Talacowa naira ko tamdawan, kasasiromaroma no tamdaw itiya to masasikihar ko ira ko “sasiiked no rocok”. Nika, kaira no tamdaw ira ko “finacadan” ato “finawlan” ko pisiiked to tamdaw o ikoray to ko nian, mangalef piteka no i’ayaw no 100 miheca picalap no micingcingay ato misatekeday ko pikowanan ho itiya. O Taywan saheto o “masiikeday ko finacadan” saka matiniay ko kamatira no to’ekan mapalowan.  

Ka Dipongan no Taywan o mitakedan a micowat ko pikowan to Taywan itiya, o patodong no pikowan, o pisapinangaw misolap ato sapinang to finacadan ato sera no Taywan, saan micowat misaiked to fanacadan no Taywan ko tayal (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b); tinako oya tayniay nai congko a Minan sa’etal a Ngayngay tamdaw palaPayrangen, ’ayaway nano Ngayngay palaNgayngayen ko pakika.

Miteka, hakasi no Dipong paretatenga oya maro’ay i dafdaf a Pinpu finacadan a yincumin malaPayrang to, dengan to oya “Pinpu finacadan” ano eca “Pinpufan” a nisowalan o pihaop aca, oya nisiikedan a finacadan palao “Takayamacu” patodong. Ikor, o hakasi no Dipong to mamalasawad a ponka no Pinpu finacadan ira to ko masatalolongay a nikafana’an saka, nanoya oya nisowalan a “Pinpu finacadan”, so’elinen halo adihayay kasasiroma no sowal, kasasiroma a ponka no finacadan.

Nikawrira, ’ayaw no 90 no mihecaan, o hakasi sakiPinpu finacadan masasiroma ko pisiiked, ira ko 7 finacadan 14 sangasaw, ira ko 8 finacadan, 9 finacadan, 10 finacadan, 12 finacadan sanay (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b).

Midotoc to aniniay mikingkiway pahecian, saki “Pinpu finacadan”, “Takayamacu” a kasasiiked, caay ko tataparan sanay masasiiked ko finawlan, o nano nai 17 sician ko nisanga’an a likisi, nawhani kasafinacadan a ’orip a sofal ato Palapayrangan a ko saka milafotay to calay. Roma a sowal, o nian “Pinpu finacadan” a kasasiroma no ponka, latek ikaka to cecay no “Pinpucu” ato cecay no “Takasakoco” a kasasiroma, o cecay no “Pinpu finacadan” ato cecay no “Takasako finacadan” latek oya cecayay a finacadan. Tinako sasowalen, nai sowal ato ponka ko pinengneng, samangataay to no ’Amis finacadan a Slaya, Taman ato Makataw finacadan no Taywan a Pinpu finacadan; o sowal ato Saysiyak finacadan mangata to Loylon finacadan no yincuminco.

=== Pakayraan no finacadan (族源) ===
Midoedo to no aniniay nipikingkiw misaheci, pakayraan no Pinpuco a ponka saheto o nai Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no Taywan. Onini a finacadan malesap itini i Taypinyang ato Intoyang, samaraayay manga’ay rapoten koya maraayay to Taywan a Easter Island ato Madagascar.

Dotocen ko kaitiraan, o itiraay i paka’amisay a finacadan no Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan i Taywan ko Pinpu a finacadan. So’elinen o I’ayaway no fa’elohay fokelohan a to’ek ko kaira ano eca talahakel i Taywan ko Pinpu finacadan, o nano mikiriyaray a finacadan. O piwacay no Yincuminco wiyinhuy to yincuminco no Taywan ato Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no hekal a kasakihar i pahapinang to o “nao Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan ko finacadan no Taywan, sakitamdawan ono Malay a tamdawan saka, o paka’amisay no Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan ko Taywan” saan[12].

==== No kaDipongan to’ek a pisilsil (日治時期的分類) ====
Saki Pinpu finacadan a pisilisil, awaay ko masongila’ay a kadadoedo no pisilsil i pikowan no Dipong to Taywan. Itira sa i Netherland a mikowan dengan sa o no kasaniyaro’ a ngangan, oraan sa ko pidoedoan kasasilsil no sa’etal, masa’isal ko pinapina sa’etal no finacadan. Ono i Mancin ni Huang Shujing to “Fansu liukao” a tilid i, malecad to pakayni kasasilsil a palaan misiiked a 13 niyaro’ ko yincumin funacadan.</text>
      <sha1>r9c6f2slantbijn8fpvx5j0y0m44p3h</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>46885</id>
      <parentid>46884</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-07-07T01:03:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Masaonikar</username>
        <id>570</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* No kaDipongan to’ek a pisilsil (日治時期的分類) */</comment>
      <origin>46885</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="9390" sha1="ry7j6p7l5fdbsl1fsys3uztiw3s21fc" xml:space="preserve">== Pinpu finacadan (平埔族群) ==
Pinpu finacadan, to hatiniay Pinpoco han ko pitahidang, o pisiiked to sapikown to yincumin no Taywan a tahidang koni[2]. O roma a tahidang o Kaosancu; ikor midoedo to mikingkiway, ponkaan, itiya a mafana’ to o ’alomanay a finacadan caay ko cecayay a finacadan sato, anini falican ko pitahidang o Pinpocu fuinacadan hanto. Oya ’alomanay Pinpuco finacadan tangsa anini caay ho haydaen no Conghuaminko sifo o yincuminco caira, dengan oya pakapian i ’Amis finacadan a Kavalan finacadan.

Pinpu finacadan i’ayaw no pikowan no netherland, spain itiya o “Aporicini-アボリジニ” han ko pitahidang; pikowan to no Mancin i, saheto o mapalatamdaway, maecakay finacadan[1], ato Nama no fan, wairudona fan sanay ko pasasi’ayaw[3]:12. Orasaka o Cori sareta, Aporicini-アボリジニ itiraay i “Dafdafay pala” (Pingti caopu), samasa o sowal pangangan o Pingpuah, Pucirin, Pingpufan (Payrang: Pi-poo-hoan; Inkiris Pepohoan[4][5][6]), onini “Pinpu” a sowal todong “Dafdaf” ano eca “enaray” sanay ko todong no sowal[7].

Tangasa to pikowan no Dipong a to’ek “Taywan Fancin demak” a tilidan o yincumin malitosa Kaosancu, Pinpuco[3]:13, kasaniyaro’ a Pinpuco finacadan ona palowaday to pifalic pala “Tongninco” sanay a syakay onto[5][8]. Tangasa no Conghuaminko to’ek a mikowan miteka o rayray no Pinpuco malasawaday to ko finacadan harateng, caay to pala o yincuminco cangra; ikor makerih to ko mikingkiway t ofinacadan no Taywan, onini likisi no Pinpuco miteka a masafaloco’ no syakay, nika o Pinpuco a finacadan ona oya “Pinpuco” koni finacadan, saan to ikor miliyaw a misilsil to kasasiiked masiroma[2][3]:18.

O Saisiyat ato Thao finadan ona nipacomodan i Pinpu a finacadan, nengnengen “Pinpuco”, “mapalatamdaway”, “maecakay finacadan” ato “manta’ finacadan” sanay ko pisiiked, onini o sakanga’ay no papotalay mikowan, caayay pidotoc to no yincuminco i nihamonan no niyah konini pisiiked, saka aniniay a pipangangan no Pinpu ano eca palowad to ngangan a onto. Tangasa 2022 miheca 10 folad 28 romi’ad, ono Conghuaminko kimpo a hoyin saki Silaya finacadan to kacingangan no yincumin a demak i, mihapiw to itiyaay ho “Rikec no kacingangan no yincumin” o caayay ka tatodong i kimpo, patodongen to tolo miheca ko pisalofan, mihayda to no Kaosancu a pisingsi malayincuminco o nano Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no Taywan, midotoc a pakayni sakacingangan nai tatapangan no rikec ko Pinpu finacadan[9].  

=== Likisi (歷史)   ===
O Pinpu a finacadan nai ’ayaw 17 sician katayni no Payrang i Taywan i, malesap nai ka’amis Yilan, Kilong tangasa katimol mililisay to saetip a riyar a dafdaf a sera, itira ira ko kasasiromaan no ponka, sowal, niyaro’ ko pihamon a saniyaro’an no sa’opo.

Pinpu a fuinacadan ka’amis nai Suaw ato Tayal a kasasilaed, katimol nai Fanliaw ato Paiwanfinacadan malalaed, ikor maepec no Payrang o roma i malinah tayra roma a pala, matiya o Hengcun, Puli, Kalingko Posong.

=== Pakayraan no sowal (詞源) ===
“Pinpu” a sowal a padotocan, manga’ay so’edacen nai Cingcao Yongceng pikowan Huangsujin “Taihai sicalu” (ikor no 1742 miheca), onini a tilid masowal ko “kasa Pinpu a saniyaro’” a sowal, ikor nai ci Chen Lunjiong a “Haikuo wencienlu” (1731 miheca) ira masadak ko “Pinpu yincumin” a sowal[3]:13.

Nawhani o ponka no yincumin macacofelay i no Payrang a finacadan, orasaka i ’ayaway no Payrang a rayray no likisi no Taywan masowal ko “Fan” [3]. Nai “Fan” a tilidan, pahecian a sowal a minengneng, “Fan” oya “macengelay” ato “omah” patatekoan, o maomahay a tamdaw sanay ko pitoro’, matiniay ko sa’orip. Nika, itini i romaay finacadan konengneng, “Fan” iraay ko mipelesay, miepecay a sowal[11].

I’ayaw yincumin no Taywan dengan o “niyaro’” ko iraay awaay ko “finacadan” sanay a latrkan[3]:12, orasaka o niyaro’ sato ko pitahidang. Tinako: Tacia kawaliay niyaro’ (tongsya) ato Tacia kaetipay niyaro’ “sisya” maro’ay, sacisowal sato o Tasya a tamdaw. O Pinpu finacadan ano eca Pinpu maecakay finacadan sanay a sowal i matiliday, o sapisiiked toya mangta’ay finacadan ato malafelay finacadan ato lotokay finacadan sanay ko pasasiromaan.

Talacawa nai 18 sician matilid no Mancin o Maecakay a Pinpu sanay ko pitahidang, mika itira i 19 sician mangalef ko nikasowal[4]. Rahodayen ko sowal, i 18 sician matilid o “Pinpu fan”, “Pinpu maecakay fan”, o patoro’ to itiraay i dafdafay no Pintong, dafdafay no Yilan, dafdafay no Posong ato dafdafay no Hengcun a yincumin finacadan. So’elinen ko sowal, o nisowalan no mita anini oya “Pinpu finacadan” tosaay ko pisimed to sasowalen: “Pinpu” ato “Maecakay finacadan”. O cecay a sowal “Pinpu” malifong i kasaniyaro’, oya “maecakay a finacadan” o sowal no mikowanay; nika soelinay, naikoran no Mancin, “Pinpu”, “Maecakay finacadan” itiraay i kasasiroma no finacadan, o mirarakatay a sdowal koni a pitahidang. O pisetek malecaday o pisiiked to sasiroma no sa’etal, tinako itiraay i Hencun, “Maecakay finacadan” snay a pisetek to micamolay to Payrang ato Yincumin, saka “Maecakay finacadan” a niyaro’ han ko pitahidang.  

=== Kasasiiked (分類) ===
Talacowa naira ko tamdawan, kasasiromaroma no tamdaw itiya to masasikihar ko ira ko “sasiiked no rocok”. Nika, kaira no tamdaw ira ko “finacadan” ato “finawlan” ko pisiiked to tamdaw o ikoray to ko nian, mangalef piteka no i’ayaw no 100 miheca picalap no micingcingay ato misatekeday ko pikowanan ho itiya. O Taywan saheto o “masiikeday ko finacadan” saka matiniay ko kamatira no to’ekan mapalowan.  

Ka Dipongan no Taywan o mitakedan a micowat ko pikowan to Taywan itiya, o patodong no pikowan, o pisapinangaw misolap ato sapinang to finacadan ato sera no Taywan, saan micowat misaiked to fanacadan no Taywan ko tayal (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b); tinako oya tayniay nai congko a Minan sa’etal a Ngayngay tamdaw palaPayrangen, ’ayaway nano Ngayngay palaNgayngayen ko pakika.

Miteka, hakasi no Dipong paretatenga oya maro’ay i dafdaf a Pinpu finacadan a yincumin malaPayrang to, dengan to oya “Pinpu finacadan” ano eca “Pinpufan” a nisowalan o pihaop aca, oya nisiikedan a finacadan palao “Takayamacu” patodong. Ikor, o hakasi no Dipong to mamalasawad a ponka no Pinpu finacadan ira to ko masatalolongay a nikafana’an saka, nanoya oya nisowalan a “Pinpu finacadan”, so’elinen halo adihayay kasasiroma no sowal, kasasiroma a ponka no finacadan.

Nikawrira, ’ayaw no 90 no mihecaan, o hakasi sakiPinpu finacadan masasiroma ko pisiiked, ira ko 7 finacadan 14 sangasaw, ira ko 8 finacadan, 9 finacadan, 10 finacadan, 12 finacadan sanay (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b).

Midotoc to aniniay mikingkiway pahecian, saki “Pinpu finacadan”, “Takayamacu” a kasasiiked, caay ko tataparan sanay masasiiked ko finawlan, o nano nai 17 sician ko nisanga’an a likisi, nawhani kasafinacadan a ’orip a sofal ato Palapayrangan a ko saka milafotay to calay. Roma a sowal, o nian “Pinpu finacadan” a kasasiroma no ponka, latek ikaka to cecay no “Pinpucu” ato cecay no “Takasakoco” a kasasiroma, o cecay no “Pinpu finacadan” ato cecay no “Takasako finacadan” latek oya cecayay a finacadan. Tinako sasowalen, nai sowal ato ponka ko pinengneng, samangataay to no ’Amis finacadan a Slaya, Taman ato Makataw finacadan no Taywan a Pinpu finacadan; o sowal ato Saysiyak finacadan mangata to Loylon finacadan no yincuminco.

=== Pakayraan no finacadan (族源) ===
Midoedo to no aniniay nipikingkiw misaheci, pakayraan no Pinpuco a ponka saheto o nai Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no Taywan. Onini a finacadan malesap itini i Taypinyang ato Intoyang, samaraayay manga’ay rapoten koya maraayay to Taywan a Easter Island ato Madagascar.

Dotocen ko kaitiraan, o itiraay i paka’amisay a finacadan no Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan i Taywan ko Pinpu a finacadan. So’elinen o I’ayaway no fa’elohay fokelohan a to’ek ko kaira ano eca talahakel i Taywan ko Pinpu finacadan, o nano mikiriyaray a finacadan. O piwacay no Yincuminco wiyinhuy to yincuminco no Taywan ato Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no hekal a kasakihar i pahapinang to o “nao Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan ko finacadan no Taywan, sakitamdawan ono Malay a tamdawan saka, o paka’amisay no Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan ko Taywan” saan[12].

==== No kaDipongan to’ek a pisilsil (日治時期的分類) ====
Saki Pinpu finacadan a pisilisil, awaay ko masongila’ay a kadadoedo no pisilsil i pikowan no Dipong to Taywan. Itira sa i Netherland a mikowan dengan sa o no kasaniyaro’ a ngangan, oraan sa ko pidoedoan kasasilsil no sa’etal, masa’isal ko pinapina sa’etal no finacadan. Ono i Mancin ni Huang Shujing to “Fansu liukao” a tilid i, malecad to pakayni kasasilsil a palaan misiiked a 13 niyaro’ ko yincumin funacadan.

Tangasa no Dipongan a to’ak, ona Ino Yoshinori, awaya den'nojo a “Taiwan yicumin mondai” (1900) a tilidan itiya to madadoedo ko pisilsil misiiked, ikor to ni Ino Yoshinori a “Taiwan yincumin seici” (1900) a tilidan, itiya masalof ko kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan, kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan ira: Ketagalan, Kavalan, Taokas, Pazih, Papora, Babuza, Arikun, Lloa, Siraya, Makattao 10 finacadan.</text>
      <sha1>ry7j6p7l5fdbsl1fsys3uztiw3s21fc</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>46886</id>
      <parentid>46885</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-07-07T01:03:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Masaonikar</username>
        <id>570</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* No kaDipongan to’ek a pisilsil (日治時期的分類) */</comment>
      <origin>46886</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="9636" sha1="d14qgemm8ny7y6sths72hajy5cfvktv" xml:space="preserve">== Pinpu finacadan (平埔族群) ==
Pinpu finacadan, to hatiniay Pinpoco han ko pitahidang, o pisiiked to sapikown to yincumin no Taywan a tahidang koni[2]. O roma a tahidang o Kaosancu; ikor midoedo to mikingkiway, ponkaan, itiya a mafana’ to o ’alomanay a finacadan caay ko cecayay a finacadan sato, anini falican ko pitahidang o Pinpocu fuinacadan hanto. Oya ’alomanay Pinpuco finacadan tangsa anini caay ho haydaen no Conghuaminko sifo o yincuminco caira, dengan oya pakapian i ’Amis finacadan a Kavalan finacadan.

Pinpu finacadan i’ayaw no pikowan no netherland, spain itiya o “Aporicini-アボリジニ” han ko pitahidang; pikowan to no Mancin i, saheto o mapalatamdaway, maecakay finacadan[1], ato Nama no fan, wairudona fan sanay ko pasasi’ayaw[3]:12. Orasaka o Cori sareta, Aporicini-アボリジニ itiraay i “Dafdafay pala” (Pingti caopu), samasa o sowal pangangan o Pingpuah, Pucirin, Pingpufan (Payrang: Pi-poo-hoan; Inkiris Pepohoan[4][5][6]), onini “Pinpu” a sowal todong “Dafdaf” ano eca “enaray” sanay ko todong no sowal[7].

Tangasa to pikowan no Dipong a to’ek “Taywan Fancin demak” a tilidan o yincumin malitosa Kaosancu, Pinpuco[3]:13, kasaniyaro’ a Pinpuco finacadan ona palowaday to pifalic pala “Tongninco” sanay a syakay onto[5][8]. Tangasa no Conghuaminko to’ek a mikowan miteka o rayray no Pinpuco malasawaday to ko finacadan harateng, caay to pala o yincuminco cangra; ikor makerih to ko mikingkiway t ofinacadan no Taywan, onini likisi no Pinpuco miteka a masafaloco’ no syakay, nika o Pinpuco a finacadan ona oya “Pinpuco” koni finacadan, saan to ikor miliyaw a misilsil to kasasiiked masiroma[2][3]:18.

O Saisiyat ato Thao finadan ona nipacomodan i Pinpu a finacadan, nengnengen “Pinpuco”, “mapalatamdaway”, “maecakay finacadan” ato “manta’ finacadan” sanay ko pisiiked, onini o sakanga’ay no papotalay mikowan, caayay pidotoc to no yincuminco i nihamonan no niyah konini pisiiked, saka aniniay a pipangangan no Pinpu ano eca palowad to ngangan a onto. Tangasa 2022 miheca 10 folad 28 romi’ad, ono Conghuaminko kimpo a hoyin saki Silaya finacadan to kacingangan no yincumin a demak i, mihapiw to itiyaay ho “Rikec no kacingangan no yincumin” o caayay ka tatodong i kimpo, patodongen to tolo miheca ko pisalofan, mihayda to no Kaosancu a pisingsi malayincuminco o nano Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no Taywan, midotoc a pakayni sakacingangan nai tatapangan no rikec ko Pinpu finacadan[9].  

=== Likisi (歷史)   ===
O Pinpu a finacadan nai ’ayaw 17 sician katayni no Payrang i Taywan i, malesap nai ka’amis Yilan, Kilong tangasa katimol mililisay to saetip a riyar a dafdaf a sera, itira ira ko kasasiromaan no ponka, sowal, niyaro’ ko pihamon a saniyaro’an no sa’opo.

Pinpu a fuinacadan ka’amis nai Suaw ato Tayal a kasasilaed, katimol nai Fanliaw ato Paiwanfinacadan malalaed, ikor maepec no Payrang o roma i malinah tayra roma a pala, matiya o Hengcun, Puli, Kalingko Posong.

=== Pakayraan no sowal (詞源) ===
“Pinpu” a sowal a padotocan, manga’ay so’edacen nai Cingcao Yongceng pikowan Huangsujin “Taihai sicalu” (ikor no 1742 miheca), onini a tilid masowal ko “kasa Pinpu a saniyaro’” a sowal, ikor nai ci Chen Lunjiong a “Haikuo wencienlu” (1731 miheca) ira masadak ko “Pinpu yincumin” a sowal[3]:13.

Nawhani o ponka no yincumin macacofelay i no Payrang a finacadan, orasaka i ’ayaway no Payrang a rayray no likisi no Taywan masowal ko “Fan” [3]. Nai “Fan” a tilidan, pahecian a sowal a minengneng, “Fan” oya “macengelay” ato “omah” patatekoan, o maomahay a tamdaw sanay ko pitoro’, matiniay ko sa’orip. Nika, itini i romaay finacadan konengneng, “Fan” iraay ko mipelesay, miepecay a sowal[11].

I’ayaw yincumin no Taywan dengan o “niyaro’” ko iraay awaay ko “finacadan” sanay a latrkan[3]:12, orasaka o niyaro’ sato ko pitahidang. Tinako: Tacia kawaliay niyaro’ (tongsya) ato Tacia kaetipay niyaro’ “sisya” maro’ay, sacisowal sato o Tasya a tamdaw. O Pinpu finacadan ano eca Pinpu maecakay finacadan sanay a sowal i matiliday, o sapisiiked toya mangta’ay finacadan ato malafelay finacadan ato lotokay finacadan sanay ko pasasiromaan.

Talacawa nai 18 sician matilid no Mancin o Maecakay a Pinpu sanay ko pitahidang, mika itira i 19 sician mangalef ko nikasowal[4]. Rahodayen ko sowal, i 18 sician matilid o “Pinpu fan”, “Pinpu maecakay fan”, o patoro’ to itiraay i dafdafay no Pintong, dafdafay no Yilan, dafdafay no Posong ato dafdafay no Hengcun a yincumin finacadan. So’elinen ko sowal, o nisowalan no mita anini oya “Pinpu finacadan” tosaay ko pisimed to sasowalen: “Pinpu” ato “Maecakay finacadan”. O cecay a sowal “Pinpu” malifong i kasaniyaro’, oya “maecakay a finacadan” o sowal no mikowanay; nika soelinay, naikoran no Mancin, “Pinpu”, “Maecakay finacadan” itiraay i kasasiroma no finacadan, o mirarakatay a sdowal koni a pitahidang. O pisetek malecaday o pisiiked to sasiroma no sa’etal, tinako itiraay i Hencun, “Maecakay finacadan” snay a pisetek to micamolay to Payrang ato Yincumin, saka “Maecakay finacadan” a niyaro’ han ko pitahidang.  

=== Kasasiiked (分類) ===
Talacowa naira ko tamdawan, kasasiromaroma no tamdaw itiya to masasikihar ko ira ko “sasiiked no rocok”. Nika, kaira no tamdaw ira ko “finacadan” ato “finawlan” ko pisiiked to tamdaw o ikoray to ko nian, mangalef piteka no i’ayaw no 100 miheca picalap no micingcingay ato misatekeday ko pikowanan ho itiya. O Taywan saheto o “masiikeday ko finacadan” saka matiniay ko kamatira no to’ekan mapalowan.  

Ka Dipongan no Taywan o mitakedan a micowat ko pikowan to Taywan itiya, o patodong no pikowan, o pisapinangaw misolap ato sapinang to finacadan ato sera no Taywan, saan micowat misaiked to fanacadan no Taywan ko tayal (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b); tinako oya tayniay nai congko a Minan sa’etal a Ngayngay tamdaw palaPayrangen, ’ayaway nano Ngayngay palaNgayngayen ko pakika.

Miteka, hakasi no Dipong paretatenga oya maro’ay i dafdaf a Pinpu finacadan a yincumin malaPayrang to, dengan to oya “Pinpu finacadan” ano eca “Pinpufan” a nisowalan o pihaop aca, oya nisiikedan a finacadan palao “Takayamacu” patodong. Ikor, o hakasi no Dipong to mamalasawad a ponka no Pinpu finacadan ira to ko masatalolongay a nikafana’an saka, nanoya oya nisowalan a “Pinpu finacadan”, so’elinen halo adihayay kasasiroma no sowal, kasasiroma a ponka no finacadan.

Nikawrira, ’ayaw no 90 no mihecaan, o hakasi sakiPinpu finacadan masasiroma ko pisiiked, ira ko 7 finacadan 14 sangasaw, ira ko 8 finacadan, 9 finacadan, 10 finacadan, 12 finacadan sanay (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b).

Midotoc to aniniay mikingkiway pahecian, saki “Pinpu finacadan”, “Takayamacu” a kasasiiked, caay ko tataparan sanay masasiiked ko finawlan, o nano nai 17 sician ko nisanga’an a likisi, nawhani kasafinacadan a ’orip a sofal ato Palapayrangan a ko saka milafotay to calay. Roma a sowal, o nian “Pinpu finacadan” a kasasiroma no ponka, latek ikaka to cecay no “Pinpucu” ato cecay no “Takasakoco” a kasasiroma, o cecay no “Pinpu finacadan” ato cecay no “Takasako finacadan” latek oya cecayay a finacadan. Tinako sasowalen, nai sowal ato ponka ko pinengneng, samangataay to no ’Amis finacadan a Slaya, Taman ato Makataw finacadan no Taywan a Pinpu finacadan; o sowal ato Saysiyak finacadan mangata to Loylon finacadan no yincuminco.

=== Pakayraan no finacadan (族源) ===
Midoedo to no aniniay nipikingkiw misaheci, pakayraan no Pinpuco a ponka saheto o nai Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no Taywan. Onini a finacadan malesap itini i Taypinyang ato Intoyang, samaraayay manga’ay rapoten koya maraayay to Taywan a Easter Island ato Madagascar.

Dotocen ko kaitiraan, o itiraay i paka’amisay a finacadan no Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan i Taywan ko Pinpu a finacadan. So’elinen o I’ayaway no fa’elohay fokelohan a to’ek ko kaira ano eca talahakel i Taywan ko Pinpu finacadan, o nano mikiriyaray a finacadan. O piwacay no Yincuminco wiyinhuy to yincuminco no Taywan ato Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no hekal a kasakihar i pahapinang to o “nao Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan ko finacadan no Taywan, sakitamdawan ono Malay a tamdawan saka, o paka’amisay no Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan ko Taywan” saan[12].

==== No kaDipongan to’ek a pisilsil (日治時期的分類) ====
Saki Pinpu finacadan a pisilisil, awaay ko masongila’ay a kadadoedo no pisilsil i pikowan no Dipong to Taywan. Itira sa i Netherland a mikowan dengan sa o no kasaniyaro’ a ngangan, oraan sa ko pidoedoan kasasilsil no sa’etal, masa’isal ko pinapina sa’etal no finacadan. Ono i Mancin ni Huang Shujing to “Fansu liukao” a tilid i, malecad to pakayni kasasilsil a palaan misiiked a 13 niyaro’ ko yincumin funacadan.

Tangasa no Dipongan a to’ak, ona Ino Yoshinori, awaya den'nojo a “Taiwan yicumin mondai” (1900) a tilidan itiya to madadoedo ko pisilsil misiiked, ikor to ni Ino Yoshinori a “Taiwan yincumin seici” (1900) a tilidan, itiya masalof ko kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan, kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan ira: Ketagalan, Kavalan, Taokas, Pazih, Papora, Babuza, Arikun, Lloa, Siraya, Makattao 10 finacadan.

Oni Ino Yoshinori a nisiikedan kadadoedo o kacipinangan to pidoedoan, ona Igawa Kazo, Ogawa Tadayoshi, Mabuchi Toichi o pasadakay to kasasiiked siroma no pisilsil (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b). o kalaliyangan ira ko pinapina:</text>
      <sha1>d14qgemm8ny7y6sths72hajy5cfvktv</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>46887</id>
      <parentid>46886</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-07-07T01:03:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Masaonikar</username>
        <id>570</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* No kaDipongan to’ek a pisilsil (日治時期的分類) */</comment>
      <origin>46887</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="10013" sha1="po64ntud35juvxrqa5heuwxk1cx1w4f" xml:space="preserve">== Pinpu finacadan (平埔族群) ==
Pinpu finacadan, to hatiniay Pinpoco han ko pitahidang, o pisiiked to sapikown to yincumin no Taywan a tahidang koni[2]. O roma a tahidang o Kaosancu; ikor midoedo to mikingkiway, ponkaan, itiya a mafana’ to o ’alomanay a finacadan caay ko cecayay a finacadan sato, anini falican ko pitahidang o Pinpocu fuinacadan hanto. Oya ’alomanay Pinpuco finacadan tangsa anini caay ho haydaen no Conghuaminko sifo o yincuminco caira, dengan oya pakapian i ’Amis finacadan a Kavalan finacadan.

Pinpu finacadan i’ayaw no pikowan no netherland, spain itiya o “Aporicini-アボリジニ” han ko pitahidang; pikowan to no Mancin i, saheto o mapalatamdaway, maecakay finacadan[1], ato Nama no fan, wairudona fan sanay ko pasasi’ayaw[3]:12. Orasaka o Cori sareta, Aporicini-アボリジニ itiraay i “Dafdafay pala” (Pingti caopu), samasa o sowal pangangan o Pingpuah, Pucirin, Pingpufan (Payrang: Pi-poo-hoan; Inkiris Pepohoan[4][5][6]), onini “Pinpu” a sowal todong “Dafdaf” ano eca “enaray” sanay ko todong no sowal[7].

Tangasa to pikowan no Dipong a to’ek “Taywan Fancin demak” a tilidan o yincumin malitosa Kaosancu, Pinpuco[3]:13, kasaniyaro’ a Pinpuco finacadan ona palowaday to pifalic pala “Tongninco” sanay a syakay onto[5][8]. Tangasa no Conghuaminko to’ek a mikowan miteka o rayray no Pinpuco malasawaday to ko finacadan harateng, caay to pala o yincuminco cangra; ikor makerih to ko mikingkiway t ofinacadan no Taywan, onini likisi no Pinpuco miteka a masafaloco’ no syakay, nika o Pinpuco a finacadan ona oya “Pinpuco” koni finacadan, saan to ikor miliyaw a misilsil to kasasiiked masiroma[2][3]:18.

O Saisiyat ato Thao finadan ona nipacomodan i Pinpu a finacadan, nengnengen “Pinpuco”, “mapalatamdaway”, “maecakay finacadan” ato “manta’ finacadan” sanay ko pisiiked, onini o sakanga’ay no papotalay mikowan, caayay pidotoc to no yincuminco i nihamonan no niyah konini pisiiked, saka aniniay a pipangangan no Pinpu ano eca palowad to ngangan a onto. Tangasa 2022 miheca 10 folad 28 romi’ad, ono Conghuaminko kimpo a hoyin saki Silaya finacadan to kacingangan no yincumin a demak i, mihapiw to itiyaay ho “Rikec no kacingangan no yincumin” o caayay ka tatodong i kimpo, patodongen to tolo miheca ko pisalofan, mihayda to no Kaosancu a pisingsi malayincuminco o nano Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no Taywan, midotoc a pakayni sakacingangan nai tatapangan no rikec ko Pinpu finacadan[9].  

=== Likisi (歷史)   ===
O Pinpu a finacadan nai ’ayaw 17 sician katayni no Payrang i Taywan i, malesap nai ka’amis Yilan, Kilong tangasa katimol mililisay to saetip a riyar a dafdaf a sera, itira ira ko kasasiromaan no ponka, sowal, niyaro’ ko pihamon a saniyaro’an no sa’opo.

Pinpu a fuinacadan ka’amis nai Suaw ato Tayal a kasasilaed, katimol nai Fanliaw ato Paiwanfinacadan malalaed, ikor maepec no Payrang o roma i malinah tayra roma a pala, matiya o Hengcun, Puli, Kalingko Posong.

=== Pakayraan no sowal (詞源) ===
“Pinpu” a sowal a padotocan, manga’ay so’edacen nai Cingcao Yongceng pikowan Huangsujin “Taihai sicalu” (ikor no 1742 miheca), onini a tilid masowal ko “kasa Pinpu a saniyaro’” a sowal, ikor nai ci Chen Lunjiong a “Haikuo wencienlu” (1731 miheca) ira masadak ko “Pinpu yincumin” a sowal[3]:13.

Nawhani o ponka no yincumin macacofelay i no Payrang a finacadan, orasaka i ’ayaway no Payrang a rayray no likisi no Taywan masowal ko “Fan” [3]. Nai “Fan” a tilidan, pahecian a sowal a minengneng, “Fan” oya “macengelay” ato “omah” patatekoan, o maomahay a tamdaw sanay ko pitoro’, matiniay ko sa’orip. Nika, itini i romaay finacadan konengneng, “Fan” iraay ko mipelesay, miepecay a sowal[11].

I’ayaw yincumin no Taywan dengan o “niyaro’” ko iraay awaay ko “finacadan” sanay a latrkan[3]:12, orasaka o niyaro’ sato ko pitahidang. Tinako: Tacia kawaliay niyaro’ (tongsya) ato Tacia kaetipay niyaro’ “sisya” maro’ay, sacisowal sato o Tasya a tamdaw. O Pinpu finacadan ano eca Pinpu maecakay finacadan sanay a sowal i matiliday, o sapisiiked toya mangta’ay finacadan ato malafelay finacadan ato lotokay finacadan sanay ko pasasiromaan.

Talacawa nai 18 sician matilid no Mancin o Maecakay a Pinpu sanay ko pitahidang, mika itira i 19 sician mangalef ko nikasowal[4]. Rahodayen ko sowal, i 18 sician matilid o “Pinpu fan”, “Pinpu maecakay fan”, o patoro’ to itiraay i dafdafay no Pintong, dafdafay no Yilan, dafdafay no Posong ato dafdafay no Hengcun a yincumin finacadan. So’elinen ko sowal, o nisowalan no mita anini oya “Pinpu finacadan” tosaay ko pisimed to sasowalen: “Pinpu” ato “Maecakay finacadan”. O cecay a sowal “Pinpu” malifong i kasaniyaro’, oya “maecakay a finacadan” o sowal no mikowanay; nika soelinay, naikoran no Mancin, “Pinpu”, “Maecakay finacadan” itiraay i kasasiroma no finacadan, o mirarakatay a sdowal koni a pitahidang. O pisetek malecaday o pisiiked to sasiroma no sa’etal, tinako itiraay i Hencun, “Maecakay finacadan” snay a pisetek to micamolay to Payrang ato Yincumin, saka “Maecakay finacadan” a niyaro’ han ko pitahidang.  

=== Kasasiiked (分類) ===
Talacowa naira ko tamdawan, kasasiromaroma no tamdaw itiya to masasikihar ko ira ko “sasiiked no rocok”. Nika, kaira no tamdaw ira ko “finacadan” ato “finawlan” ko pisiiked to tamdaw o ikoray to ko nian, mangalef piteka no i’ayaw no 100 miheca picalap no micingcingay ato misatekeday ko pikowanan ho itiya. O Taywan saheto o “masiikeday ko finacadan” saka matiniay ko kamatira no to’ekan mapalowan.  

Ka Dipongan no Taywan o mitakedan a micowat ko pikowan to Taywan itiya, o patodong no pikowan, o pisapinangaw misolap ato sapinang to finacadan ato sera no Taywan, saan micowat misaiked to fanacadan no Taywan ko tayal (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b); tinako oya tayniay nai congko a Minan sa’etal a Ngayngay tamdaw palaPayrangen, ’ayaway nano Ngayngay palaNgayngayen ko pakika.

Miteka, hakasi no Dipong paretatenga oya maro’ay i dafdaf a Pinpu finacadan a yincumin malaPayrang to, dengan to oya “Pinpu finacadan” ano eca “Pinpufan” a nisowalan o pihaop aca, oya nisiikedan a finacadan palao “Takayamacu” patodong. Ikor, o hakasi no Dipong to mamalasawad a ponka no Pinpu finacadan ira to ko masatalolongay a nikafana’an saka, nanoya oya nisowalan a “Pinpu finacadan”, so’elinen halo adihayay kasasiroma no sowal, kasasiroma a ponka no finacadan.

Nikawrira, ’ayaw no 90 no mihecaan, o hakasi sakiPinpu finacadan masasiroma ko pisiiked, ira ko 7 finacadan 14 sangasaw, ira ko 8 finacadan, 9 finacadan, 10 finacadan, 12 finacadan sanay (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b).

Midotoc to aniniay mikingkiway pahecian, saki “Pinpu finacadan”, “Takayamacu” a kasasiiked, caay ko tataparan sanay masasiiked ko finawlan, o nano nai 17 sician ko nisanga’an a likisi, nawhani kasafinacadan a ’orip a sofal ato Palapayrangan a ko saka milafotay to calay. Roma a sowal, o nian “Pinpu finacadan” a kasasiroma no ponka, latek ikaka to cecay no “Pinpucu” ato cecay no “Takasakoco” a kasasiroma, o cecay no “Pinpu finacadan” ato cecay no “Takasako finacadan” latek oya cecayay a finacadan. Tinako sasowalen, nai sowal ato ponka ko pinengneng, samangataay to no ’Amis finacadan a Slaya, Taman ato Makataw finacadan no Taywan a Pinpu finacadan; o sowal ato Saysiyak finacadan mangata to Loylon finacadan no yincuminco.

=== Pakayraan no finacadan (族源) ===
Midoedo to no aniniay nipikingkiw misaheci, pakayraan no Pinpuco a ponka saheto o nai Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no Taywan. Onini a finacadan malesap itini i Taypinyang ato Intoyang, samaraayay manga’ay rapoten koya maraayay to Taywan a Easter Island ato Madagascar.

Dotocen ko kaitiraan, o itiraay i paka’amisay a finacadan no Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan i Taywan ko Pinpu a finacadan. So’elinen o I’ayaway no fa’elohay fokelohan a to’ek ko kaira ano eca talahakel i Taywan ko Pinpu finacadan, o nano mikiriyaray a finacadan. O piwacay no Yincuminco wiyinhuy to yincuminco no Taywan ato Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no hekal a kasakihar i pahapinang to o “nao Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan ko finacadan no Taywan, sakitamdawan ono Malay a tamdawan saka, o paka’amisay no Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan ko Taywan” saan[12].

==== No kaDipongan to’ek a pisilsil (日治時期的分類) ====
Saki Pinpu finacadan a pisilisil, awaay ko masongila’ay a kadadoedo no pisilsil i pikowan no Dipong to Taywan. Itira sa i Netherland a mikowan dengan sa o no kasaniyaro’ a ngangan, oraan sa ko pidoedoan kasasilsil no sa’etal, masa’isal ko pinapina sa’etal no finacadan. Ono i Mancin ni Huang Shujing to “Fansu liukao” a tilid i, malecad to pakayni kasasilsil a palaan misiiked a 13 niyaro’ ko yincumin funacadan.

Tangasa no Dipongan a to’ak, ona Ino Yoshinori, awaya den'nojo a “Taiwan yicumin mondai” (1900) a tilidan itiya to madadoedo ko pisilsil misiiked, ikor to ni Ino Yoshinori a “Taiwan yincumin seici” (1900) a tilidan, itiya masalof ko kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan, kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan ira: Ketagalan, Kavalan, Taokas, Pazih, Papora, Babuza, Arikun, Lloa, Siraya, Makattao 10 finacadan.

Oni Ino Yoshinori a nisiikedan kadadoedo o kacipinangan to pidoedoan, ona Igawa Kazo, Ogawa Tadayoshi, Mabuchi Toichi o pasadakay to kasasiiked siroma no pisilsil (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b). o kalaliyangan ira ko pinapina:

Pakayni to na 2 finacadan Arikun ato Lloa o papalacecayen ko finacadan: o roma a hakasi pasilacecay han koni 2 finacadan, o Hoanya a finacadan han saan. Nika midotoc to no hakasi ca Yung Kayin and Chung Yulan a pisapinang i, paretatenga to Hoanya alatek o nano Folaohua (Fan) a moraraway ko pipasetek. Ono finacadan to inika sasiroma no pihamon, pako niyah sa ko paratatenga.</text>
      <sha1>po64ntud35juvxrqa5heuwxk1cx1w4f</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>46888</id>
      <parentid>46887</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-07-07T01:04:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Masaonikar</username>
        <id>570</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* No kaDipongan to’ek a pisilsil (日治時期的分類) */</comment>
      <origin>46888</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="10612" sha1="n7o45jl0aiy4ayd6t1dyj7gvwjgxhpk" xml:space="preserve">== Pinpu finacadan (平埔族群) ==
Pinpu finacadan, to hatiniay Pinpoco han ko pitahidang, o pisiiked to sapikown to yincumin no Taywan a tahidang koni[2]. O roma a tahidang o Kaosancu; ikor midoedo to mikingkiway, ponkaan, itiya a mafana’ to o ’alomanay a finacadan caay ko cecayay a finacadan sato, anini falican ko pitahidang o Pinpocu fuinacadan hanto. Oya ’alomanay Pinpuco finacadan tangsa anini caay ho haydaen no Conghuaminko sifo o yincuminco caira, dengan oya pakapian i ’Amis finacadan a Kavalan finacadan.

Pinpu finacadan i’ayaw no pikowan no netherland, spain itiya o “Aporicini-アボリジニ” han ko pitahidang; pikowan to no Mancin i, saheto o mapalatamdaway, maecakay finacadan[1], ato Nama no fan, wairudona fan sanay ko pasasi’ayaw[3]:12. Orasaka o Cori sareta, Aporicini-アボリジニ itiraay i “Dafdafay pala” (Pingti caopu), samasa o sowal pangangan o Pingpuah, Pucirin, Pingpufan (Payrang: Pi-poo-hoan; Inkiris Pepohoan[4][5][6]), onini “Pinpu” a sowal todong “Dafdaf” ano eca “enaray” sanay ko todong no sowal[7].

Tangasa to pikowan no Dipong a to’ek “Taywan Fancin demak” a tilidan o yincumin malitosa Kaosancu, Pinpuco[3]:13, kasaniyaro’ a Pinpuco finacadan ona palowaday to pifalic pala “Tongninco” sanay a syakay onto[5][8]. Tangasa no Conghuaminko to’ek a mikowan miteka o rayray no Pinpuco malasawaday to ko finacadan harateng, caay to pala o yincuminco cangra; ikor makerih to ko mikingkiway t ofinacadan no Taywan, onini likisi no Pinpuco miteka a masafaloco’ no syakay, nika o Pinpuco a finacadan ona oya “Pinpuco” koni finacadan, saan to ikor miliyaw a misilsil to kasasiiked masiroma[2][3]:18.

O Saisiyat ato Thao finadan ona nipacomodan i Pinpu a finacadan, nengnengen “Pinpuco”, “mapalatamdaway”, “maecakay finacadan” ato “manta’ finacadan” sanay ko pisiiked, onini o sakanga’ay no papotalay mikowan, caayay pidotoc to no yincuminco i nihamonan no niyah konini pisiiked, saka aniniay a pipangangan no Pinpu ano eca palowad to ngangan a onto. Tangasa 2022 miheca 10 folad 28 romi’ad, ono Conghuaminko kimpo a hoyin saki Silaya finacadan to kacingangan no yincumin a demak i, mihapiw to itiyaay ho “Rikec no kacingangan no yincumin” o caayay ka tatodong i kimpo, patodongen to tolo miheca ko pisalofan, mihayda to no Kaosancu a pisingsi malayincuminco o nano Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no Taywan, midotoc a pakayni sakacingangan nai tatapangan no rikec ko Pinpu finacadan[9].  

=== Likisi (歷史)   ===
O Pinpu a finacadan nai ’ayaw 17 sician katayni no Payrang i Taywan i, malesap nai ka’amis Yilan, Kilong tangasa katimol mililisay to saetip a riyar a dafdaf a sera, itira ira ko kasasiromaan no ponka, sowal, niyaro’ ko pihamon a saniyaro’an no sa’opo.

Pinpu a fuinacadan ka’amis nai Suaw ato Tayal a kasasilaed, katimol nai Fanliaw ato Paiwanfinacadan malalaed, ikor maepec no Payrang o roma i malinah tayra roma a pala, matiya o Hengcun, Puli, Kalingko Posong.

=== Pakayraan no sowal (詞源) ===
“Pinpu” a sowal a padotocan, manga’ay so’edacen nai Cingcao Yongceng pikowan Huangsujin “Taihai sicalu” (ikor no 1742 miheca), onini a tilid masowal ko “kasa Pinpu a saniyaro’” a sowal, ikor nai ci Chen Lunjiong a “Haikuo wencienlu” (1731 miheca) ira masadak ko “Pinpu yincumin” a sowal[3]:13.

Nawhani o ponka no yincumin macacofelay i no Payrang a finacadan, orasaka i ’ayaway no Payrang a rayray no likisi no Taywan masowal ko “Fan” [3]. Nai “Fan” a tilidan, pahecian a sowal a minengneng, “Fan” oya “macengelay” ato “omah” patatekoan, o maomahay a tamdaw sanay ko pitoro’, matiniay ko sa’orip. Nika, itini i romaay finacadan konengneng, “Fan” iraay ko mipelesay, miepecay a sowal[11].

I’ayaw yincumin no Taywan dengan o “niyaro’” ko iraay awaay ko “finacadan” sanay a latrkan[3]:12, orasaka o niyaro’ sato ko pitahidang. Tinako: Tacia kawaliay niyaro’ (tongsya) ato Tacia kaetipay niyaro’ “sisya” maro’ay, sacisowal sato o Tasya a tamdaw. O Pinpu finacadan ano eca Pinpu maecakay finacadan sanay a sowal i matiliday, o sapisiiked toya mangta’ay finacadan ato malafelay finacadan ato lotokay finacadan sanay ko pasasiromaan.

Talacawa nai 18 sician matilid no Mancin o Maecakay a Pinpu sanay ko pitahidang, mika itira i 19 sician mangalef ko nikasowal[4]. Rahodayen ko sowal, i 18 sician matilid o “Pinpu fan”, “Pinpu maecakay fan”, o patoro’ to itiraay i dafdafay no Pintong, dafdafay no Yilan, dafdafay no Posong ato dafdafay no Hengcun a yincumin finacadan. So’elinen ko sowal, o nisowalan no mita anini oya “Pinpu finacadan” tosaay ko pisimed to sasowalen: “Pinpu” ato “Maecakay finacadan”. O cecay a sowal “Pinpu” malifong i kasaniyaro’, oya “maecakay a finacadan” o sowal no mikowanay; nika soelinay, naikoran no Mancin, “Pinpu”, “Maecakay finacadan” itiraay i kasasiroma no finacadan, o mirarakatay a sdowal koni a pitahidang. O pisetek malecaday o pisiiked to sasiroma no sa’etal, tinako itiraay i Hencun, “Maecakay finacadan” snay a pisetek to micamolay to Payrang ato Yincumin, saka “Maecakay finacadan” a niyaro’ han ko pitahidang.  

=== Kasasiiked (分類) ===
Talacowa naira ko tamdawan, kasasiromaroma no tamdaw itiya to masasikihar ko ira ko “sasiiked no rocok”. Nika, kaira no tamdaw ira ko “finacadan” ato “finawlan” ko pisiiked to tamdaw o ikoray to ko nian, mangalef piteka no i’ayaw no 100 miheca picalap no micingcingay ato misatekeday ko pikowanan ho itiya. O Taywan saheto o “masiikeday ko finacadan” saka matiniay ko kamatira no to’ekan mapalowan.  

Ka Dipongan no Taywan o mitakedan a micowat ko pikowan to Taywan itiya, o patodong no pikowan, o pisapinangaw misolap ato sapinang to finacadan ato sera no Taywan, saan micowat misaiked to fanacadan no Taywan ko tayal (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b); tinako oya tayniay nai congko a Minan sa’etal a Ngayngay tamdaw palaPayrangen, ’ayaway nano Ngayngay palaNgayngayen ko pakika.

Miteka, hakasi no Dipong paretatenga oya maro’ay i dafdaf a Pinpu finacadan a yincumin malaPayrang to, dengan to oya “Pinpu finacadan” ano eca “Pinpufan” a nisowalan o pihaop aca, oya nisiikedan a finacadan palao “Takayamacu” patodong. Ikor, o hakasi no Dipong to mamalasawad a ponka no Pinpu finacadan ira to ko masatalolongay a nikafana’an saka, nanoya oya nisowalan a “Pinpu finacadan”, so’elinen halo adihayay kasasiroma no sowal, kasasiroma a ponka no finacadan.

Nikawrira, ’ayaw no 90 no mihecaan, o hakasi sakiPinpu finacadan masasiroma ko pisiiked, ira ko 7 finacadan 14 sangasaw, ira ko 8 finacadan, 9 finacadan, 10 finacadan, 12 finacadan sanay (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b).

Midotoc to aniniay mikingkiway pahecian, saki “Pinpu finacadan”, “Takayamacu” a kasasiiked, caay ko tataparan sanay masasiiked ko finawlan, o nano nai 17 sician ko nisanga’an a likisi, nawhani kasafinacadan a ’orip a sofal ato Palapayrangan a ko saka milafotay to calay. Roma a sowal, o nian “Pinpu finacadan” a kasasiroma no ponka, latek ikaka to cecay no “Pinpucu” ato cecay no “Takasakoco” a kasasiroma, o cecay no “Pinpu finacadan” ato cecay no “Takasako finacadan” latek oya cecayay a finacadan. Tinako sasowalen, nai sowal ato ponka ko pinengneng, samangataay to no ’Amis finacadan a Slaya, Taman ato Makataw finacadan no Taywan a Pinpu finacadan; o sowal ato Saysiyak finacadan mangata to Loylon finacadan no yincuminco.

=== Pakayraan no finacadan (族源) ===
Midoedo to no aniniay nipikingkiw misaheci, pakayraan no Pinpuco a ponka saheto o nai Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no Taywan. Onini a finacadan malesap itini i Taypinyang ato Intoyang, samaraayay manga’ay rapoten koya maraayay to Taywan a Easter Island ato Madagascar.

Dotocen ko kaitiraan, o itiraay i paka’amisay a finacadan no Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan i Taywan ko Pinpu a finacadan. So’elinen o I’ayaway no fa’elohay fokelohan a to’ek ko kaira ano eca talahakel i Taywan ko Pinpu finacadan, o nano mikiriyaray a finacadan. O piwacay no Yincuminco wiyinhuy to yincuminco no Taywan ato Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no hekal a kasakihar i pahapinang to o “nao Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan ko finacadan no Taywan, sakitamdawan ono Malay a tamdawan saka, o paka’amisay no Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan ko Taywan” saan[12].

==== No kaDipongan to’ek a pisilsil (日治時期的分類) ====
Saki Pinpu finacadan a pisilisil, awaay ko masongila’ay a kadadoedo no pisilsil i pikowan no Dipong to Taywan. Itira sa i Netherland a mikowan dengan sa o no kasaniyaro’ a ngangan, oraan sa ko pidoedoan kasasilsil no sa’etal, masa’isal ko pinapina sa’etal no finacadan. Ono i Mancin ni Huang Shujing to “Fansu liukao” a tilid i, malecad to pakayni kasasilsil a palaan misiiked a 13 niyaro’ ko yincumin funacadan.

Tangasa no Dipongan a to’ak, ona Ino Yoshinori, awaya den'nojo a “Taiwan yicumin mondai” (1900) a tilidan itiya to madadoedo ko pisilsil misiiked, ikor to ni Ino Yoshinori a “Taiwan yincumin seici” (1900) a tilidan, itiya masalof ko kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan, kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan ira: Ketagalan, Kavalan, Taokas, Pazih, Papora, Babuza, Arikun, Lloa, Siraya, Makattao 10 finacadan.

Oni Ino Yoshinori a nisiikedan kadadoedo o kacipinangan to pidoedoan, ona Igawa Kazo, Ogawa Tadayoshi, Mabuchi Toichi o pasadakay to kasasiiked siroma no pisilsil (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b). o kalaliyangan ira ko pinapina:

Pakayni to na 2 finacadan Arikun ato Lloa o papalacecayen ko finacadan: o roma a hakasi pasilacecay han koni 2 finacadan, o Hoanya a finacadan han saan. Nika midotoc to no hakasi ca Yung Kayin and Chung Yulan a pisapinang i, paretatenga to Hoanya alatek o nano Folaohua (Fan) a moraraway ko pipasetek. Ono finacadan to inika sasiroma no pihamon, pako niyah sa ko paratatenga.

’Eca ko malecaday to no Ketagalan a finacadan, ano eca padoedoen ho ko pisiiked. Pakayni to sowalan hakasi ca Tsuchida Shigeru aci Lee Inkee paretatenga a nisowalan, oya Ketagalan finacadan salongan malitoloay kasasiroma no sowal saan: Basay, Leilang ato Kulon. Oya Siraiya, Taivoan ato Makattao o masasiromaay ano eca o cecay a finacadan. Tangasa anini o ’alomanay a hakasi a midoedoan tono mikarkaray to notamdawan, sowalan ato lodisan masapinang, patongal no finacadan pihamon to niyah, paretatenga o na toloay ngasaw o masasiromaay caayay kalecad a yincuminco[13][14][15][16][17][18].   </text>
      <sha1>n7o45jl0aiy4ayd6t1dyj7gvwjgxhpk</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>46889</id>
      <parentid>46888</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-07-07T01:04:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Masaonikar</username>
        <id>570</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* No kaDipongan to’ek a pisilsil (日治時期的分類) */</comment>
      <origin>46889</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="10747" sha1="0njp3oq45fe74r1ggmk6cpqi0iqcw8f" xml:space="preserve">== Pinpu finacadan (平埔族群) ==
Pinpu finacadan, to hatiniay Pinpoco han ko pitahidang, o pisiiked to sapikown to yincumin no Taywan a tahidang koni[2]. O roma a tahidang o Kaosancu; ikor midoedo to mikingkiway, ponkaan, itiya a mafana’ to o ’alomanay a finacadan caay ko cecayay a finacadan sato, anini falican ko pitahidang o Pinpocu fuinacadan hanto. Oya ’alomanay Pinpuco finacadan tangsa anini caay ho haydaen no Conghuaminko sifo o yincuminco caira, dengan oya pakapian i ’Amis finacadan a Kavalan finacadan.

Pinpu finacadan i’ayaw no pikowan no netherland, spain itiya o “Aporicini-アボリジニ” han ko pitahidang; pikowan to no Mancin i, saheto o mapalatamdaway, maecakay finacadan[1], ato Nama no fan, wairudona fan sanay ko pasasi’ayaw[3]:12. Orasaka o Cori sareta, Aporicini-アボリジニ itiraay i “Dafdafay pala” (Pingti caopu), samasa o sowal pangangan o Pingpuah, Pucirin, Pingpufan (Payrang: Pi-poo-hoan; Inkiris Pepohoan[4][5][6]), onini “Pinpu” a sowal todong “Dafdaf” ano eca “enaray” sanay ko todong no sowal[7].

Tangasa to pikowan no Dipong a to’ek “Taywan Fancin demak” a tilidan o yincumin malitosa Kaosancu, Pinpuco[3]:13, kasaniyaro’ a Pinpuco finacadan ona palowaday to pifalic pala “Tongninco” sanay a syakay onto[5][8]. Tangasa no Conghuaminko to’ek a mikowan miteka o rayray no Pinpuco malasawaday to ko finacadan harateng, caay to pala o yincuminco cangra; ikor makerih to ko mikingkiway t ofinacadan no Taywan, onini likisi no Pinpuco miteka a masafaloco’ no syakay, nika o Pinpuco a finacadan ona oya “Pinpuco” koni finacadan, saan to ikor miliyaw a misilsil to kasasiiked masiroma[2][3]:18.

O Saisiyat ato Thao finadan ona nipacomodan i Pinpu a finacadan, nengnengen “Pinpuco”, “mapalatamdaway”, “maecakay finacadan” ato “manta’ finacadan” sanay ko pisiiked, onini o sakanga’ay no papotalay mikowan, caayay pidotoc to no yincuminco i nihamonan no niyah konini pisiiked, saka aniniay a pipangangan no Pinpu ano eca palowad to ngangan a onto. Tangasa 2022 miheca 10 folad 28 romi’ad, ono Conghuaminko kimpo a hoyin saki Silaya finacadan to kacingangan no yincumin a demak i, mihapiw to itiyaay ho “Rikec no kacingangan no yincumin” o caayay ka tatodong i kimpo, patodongen to tolo miheca ko pisalofan, mihayda to no Kaosancu a pisingsi malayincuminco o nano Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no Taywan, midotoc a pakayni sakacingangan nai tatapangan no rikec ko Pinpu finacadan[9].  

=== Likisi (歷史)   ===
O Pinpu a finacadan nai ’ayaw 17 sician katayni no Payrang i Taywan i, malesap nai ka’amis Yilan, Kilong tangasa katimol mililisay to saetip a riyar a dafdaf a sera, itira ira ko kasasiromaan no ponka, sowal, niyaro’ ko pihamon a saniyaro’an no sa’opo.

Pinpu a fuinacadan ka’amis nai Suaw ato Tayal a kasasilaed, katimol nai Fanliaw ato Paiwanfinacadan malalaed, ikor maepec no Payrang o roma i malinah tayra roma a pala, matiya o Hengcun, Puli, Kalingko Posong.

=== Pakayraan no sowal (詞源) ===
“Pinpu” a sowal a padotocan, manga’ay so’edacen nai Cingcao Yongceng pikowan Huangsujin “Taihai sicalu” (ikor no 1742 miheca), onini a tilid masowal ko “kasa Pinpu a saniyaro’” a sowal, ikor nai ci Chen Lunjiong a “Haikuo wencienlu” (1731 miheca) ira masadak ko “Pinpu yincumin” a sowal[3]:13.

Nawhani o ponka no yincumin macacofelay i no Payrang a finacadan, orasaka i ’ayaway no Payrang a rayray no likisi no Taywan masowal ko “Fan” [3]. Nai “Fan” a tilidan, pahecian a sowal a minengneng, “Fan” oya “macengelay” ato “omah” patatekoan, o maomahay a tamdaw sanay ko pitoro’, matiniay ko sa’orip. Nika, itini i romaay finacadan konengneng, “Fan” iraay ko mipelesay, miepecay a sowal[11].

I’ayaw yincumin no Taywan dengan o “niyaro’” ko iraay awaay ko “finacadan” sanay a latrkan[3]:12, orasaka o niyaro’ sato ko pitahidang. Tinako: Tacia kawaliay niyaro’ (tongsya) ato Tacia kaetipay niyaro’ “sisya” maro’ay, sacisowal sato o Tasya a tamdaw. O Pinpu finacadan ano eca Pinpu maecakay finacadan sanay a sowal i matiliday, o sapisiiked toya mangta’ay finacadan ato malafelay finacadan ato lotokay finacadan sanay ko pasasiromaan.

Talacawa nai 18 sician matilid no Mancin o Maecakay a Pinpu sanay ko pitahidang, mika itira i 19 sician mangalef ko nikasowal[4]. Rahodayen ko sowal, i 18 sician matilid o “Pinpu fan”, “Pinpu maecakay fan”, o patoro’ to itiraay i dafdafay no Pintong, dafdafay no Yilan, dafdafay no Posong ato dafdafay no Hengcun a yincumin finacadan. So’elinen ko sowal, o nisowalan no mita anini oya “Pinpu finacadan” tosaay ko pisimed to sasowalen: “Pinpu” ato “Maecakay finacadan”. O cecay a sowal “Pinpu” malifong i kasaniyaro’, oya “maecakay a finacadan” o sowal no mikowanay; nika soelinay, naikoran no Mancin, “Pinpu”, “Maecakay finacadan” itiraay i kasasiroma no finacadan, o mirarakatay a sdowal koni a pitahidang. O pisetek malecaday o pisiiked to sasiroma no sa’etal, tinako itiraay i Hencun, “Maecakay finacadan” snay a pisetek to micamolay to Payrang ato Yincumin, saka “Maecakay finacadan” a niyaro’ han ko pitahidang.  

=== Kasasiiked (分類) ===
Talacowa naira ko tamdawan, kasasiromaroma no tamdaw itiya to masasikihar ko ira ko “sasiiked no rocok”. Nika, kaira no tamdaw ira ko “finacadan” ato “finawlan” ko pisiiked to tamdaw o ikoray to ko nian, mangalef piteka no i’ayaw no 100 miheca picalap no micingcingay ato misatekeday ko pikowanan ho itiya. O Taywan saheto o “masiikeday ko finacadan” saka matiniay ko kamatira no to’ekan mapalowan.  

Ka Dipongan no Taywan o mitakedan a micowat ko pikowan to Taywan itiya, o patodong no pikowan, o pisapinangaw misolap ato sapinang to finacadan ato sera no Taywan, saan micowat misaiked to fanacadan no Taywan ko tayal (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b); tinako oya tayniay nai congko a Minan sa’etal a Ngayngay tamdaw palaPayrangen, ’ayaway nano Ngayngay palaNgayngayen ko pakika.

Miteka, hakasi no Dipong paretatenga oya maro’ay i dafdaf a Pinpu finacadan a yincumin malaPayrang to, dengan to oya “Pinpu finacadan” ano eca “Pinpufan” a nisowalan o pihaop aca, oya nisiikedan a finacadan palao “Takayamacu” patodong. Ikor, o hakasi no Dipong to mamalasawad a ponka no Pinpu finacadan ira to ko masatalolongay a nikafana’an saka, nanoya oya nisowalan a “Pinpu finacadan”, so’elinen halo adihayay kasasiroma no sowal, kasasiroma a ponka no finacadan.

Nikawrira, ’ayaw no 90 no mihecaan, o hakasi sakiPinpu finacadan masasiroma ko pisiiked, ira ko 7 finacadan 14 sangasaw, ira ko 8 finacadan, 9 finacadan, 10 finacadan, 12 finacadan sanay (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b).

Midotoc to aniniay mikingkiway pahecian, saki “Pinpu finacadan”, “Takayamacu” a kasasiiked, caay ko tataparan sanay masasiiked ko finawlan, o nano nai 17 sician ko nisanga’an a likisi, nawhani kasafinacadan a ’orip a sofal ato Palapayrangan a ko saka milafotay to calay. Roma a sowal, o nian “Pinpu finacadan” a kasasiroma no ponka, latek ikaka to cecay no “Pinpucu” ato cecay no “Takasakoco” a kasasiroma, o cecay no “Pinpu finacadan” ato cecay no “Takasako finacadan” latek oya cecayay a finacadan. Tinako sasowalen, nai sowal ato ponka ko pinengneng, samangataay to no ’Amis finacadan a Slaya, Taman ato Makataw finacadan no Taywan a Pinpu finacadan; o sowal ato Saysiyak finacadan mangata to Loylon finacadan no yincuminco.

=== Pakayraan no finacadan (族源) ===
Midoedo to no aniniay nipikingkiw misaheci, pakayraan no Pinpuco a ponka saheto o nai Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no Taywan. Onini a finacadan malesap itini i Taypinyang ato Intoyang, samaraayay manga’ay rapoten koya maraayay to Taywan a Easter Island ato Madagascar.

Dotocen ko kaitiraan, o itiraay i paka’amisay a finacadan no Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan i Taywan ko Pinpu a finacadan. So’elinen o I’ayaway no fa’elohay fokelohan a to’ek ko kaira ano eca talahakel i Taywan ko Pinpu finacadan, o nano mikiriyaray a finacadan. O piwacay no Yincuminco wiyinhuy to yincuminco no Taywan ato Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no hekal a kasakihar i pahapinang to o “nao Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan ko finacadan no Taywan, sakitamdawan ono Malay a tamdawan saka, o paka’amisay no Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan ko Taywan” saan[12].

==== No kaDipongan to’ek a pisilsil (日治時期的分類) ====
Saki Pinpu finacadan a pisilisil, awaay ko masongila’ay a kadadoedo no pisilsil i pikowan no Dipong to Taywan. Itira sa i Netherland a mikowan dengan sa o no kasaniyaro’ a ngangan, oraan sa ko pidoedoan kasasilsil no sa’etal, masa’isal ko pinapina sa’etal no finacadan. Ono i Mancin ni Huang Shujing to “Fansu liukao” a tilid i, malecad to pakayni kasasilsil a palaan misiiked a 13 niyaro’ ko yincumin funacadan.

Tangasa no Dipongan a to’ak, ona Ino Yoshinori, awaya den'nojo a “Taiwan yicumin mondai” (1900) a tilidan itiya to madadoedo ko pisilsil misiiked, ikor to ni Ino Yoshinori a “Taiwan yincumin seici” (1900) a tilidan, itiya masalof ko kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan, kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan ira: Ketagalan, Kavalan, Taokas, Pazih, Papora, Babuza, Arikun, Lloa, Siraya, Makattao 10 finacadan.

Oni Ino Yoshinori a nisiikedan kadadoedo o kacipinangan to pidoedoan, ona Igawa Kazo, Ogawa Tadayoshi, Mabuchi Toichi o pasadakay to kasasiiked siroma no pisilsil (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b). o kalaliyangan ira ko pinapina:

Pakayni to na 2 finacadan Arikun ato Lloa o papalacecayen ko finacadan: o roma a hakasi pasilacecay han koni 2 finacadan, o Hoanya a finacadan han saan. Nika midotoc to no hakasi ca Yung Kayin and Chung Yulan a pisapinang i, paretatenga to Hoanya alatek o nano Folaohua (Fan) a moraraway ko pipasetek. Ono finacadan to inika sasiroma no pihamon, pako niyah sa ko paratatenga.

’Eca ko malecaday to no Ketagalan a finacadan, ano eca padoedoen ho ko pisiiked. Pakayni to sowalan hakasi ca Tsuchida Shigeru aci Lee Inkee paretatenga a nisowalan, oya Ketagalan finacadan salongan malitoloay kasasiroma no sowal saan: Basay, Leilang ato Kulon. Oya Siraiya, Taivoan ato Makattao o masasiromaay ano eca o cecay a finacadan. Tangasa anini o ’alomanay a hakasi a midoedoan tono mikarkaray to notamdawan, sowalan ato lodisan masapinang, patongal no finacadan pihamon to niyah, paretatenga o na toloay ngasaw o masasiromaay caayay kalecad a yincuminco[13][14][15][16][17][18].   

Oni Ikawako no Zang itiniay ni Ino Kasunori saceker mapacomod ko Thao finacadan, o nano Pinpu finacadan ano eca o kaosanco finacadan.</text>
      <sha1>0njp3oq45fe74r1ggmk6cpqi0iqcw8f</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>46890</id>
      <parentid>46889</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-07-07T01:05:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Masaonikar</username>
        <id>570</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* No kaDipongan to’ek a pisilsil (日治時期的分類) */</comment>
      <origin>46890</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="10806" sha1="5i2py3fi2pqbsglrur0mfawbpkwo8x0" xml:space="preserve">== Pinpu finacadan (平埔族群) ==
Pinpu finacadan, to hatiniay Pinpoco han ko pitahidang, o pisiiked to sapikown to yincumin no Taywan a tahidang koni[2]. O roma a tahidang o Kaosancu; ikor midoedo to mikingkiway, ponkaan, itiya a mafana’ to o ’alomanay a finacadan caay ko cecayay a finacadan sato, anini falican ko pitahidang o Pinpocu fuinacadan hanto. Oya ’alomanay Pinpuco finacadan tangsa anini caay ho haydaen no Conghuaminko sifo o yincuminco caira, dengan oya pakapian i ’Amis finacadan a Kavalan finacadan.

Pinpu finacadan i’ayaw no pikowan no netherland, spain itiya o “Aporicini-アボリジニ” han ko pitahidang; pikowan to no Mancin i, saheto o mapalatamdaway, maecakay finacadan[1], ato Nama no fan, wairudona fan sanay ko pasasi’ayaw[3]:12. Orasaka o Cori sareta, Aporicini-アボリジニ itiraay i “Dafdafay pala” (Pingti caopu), samasa o sowal pangangan o Pingpuah, Pucirin, Pingpufan (Payrang: Pi-poo-hoan; Inkiris Pepohoan[4][5][6]), onini “Pinpu” a sowal todong “Dafdaf” ano eca “enaray” sanay ko todong no sowal[7].

Tangasa to pikowan no Dipong a to’ek “Taywan Fancin demak” a tilidan o yincumin malitosa Kaosancu, Pinpuco[3]:13, kasaniyaro’ a Pinpuco finacadan ona palowaday to pifalic pala “Tongninco” sanay a syakay onto[5][8]. Tangasa no Conghuaminko to’ek a mikowan miteka o rayray no Pinpuco malasawaday to ko finacadan harateng, caay to pala o yincuminco cangra; ikor makerih to ko mikingkiway t ofinacadan no Taywan, onini likisi no Pinpuco miteka a masafaloco’ no syakay, nika o Pinpuco a finacadan ona oya “Pinpuco” koni finacadan, saan to ikor miliyaw a misilsil to kasasiiked masiroma[2][3]:18.

O Saisiyat ato Thao finadan ona nipacomodan i Pinpu a finacadan, nengnengen “Pinpuco”, “mapalatamdaway”, “maecakay finacadan” ato “manta’ finacadan” sanay ko pisiiked, onini o sakanga’ay no papotalay mikowan, caayay pidotoc to no yincuminco i nihamonan no niyah konini pisiiked, saka aniniay a pipangangan no Pinpu ano eca palowad to ngangan a onto. Tangasa 2022 miheca 10 folad 28 romi’ad, ono Conghuaminko kimpo a hoyin saki Silaya finacadan to kacingangan no yincumin a demak i, mihapiw to itiyaay ho “Rikec no kacingangan no yincumin” o caayay ka tatodong i kimpo, patodongen to tolo miheca ko pisalofan, mihayda to no Kaosancu a pisingsi malayincuminco o nano Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no Taywan, midotoc a pakayni sakacingangan nai tatapangan no rikec ko Pinpu finacadan[9].  

=== Likisi (歷史)   ===
O Pinpu a finacadan nai ’ayaw 17 sician katayni no Payrang i Taywan i, malesap nai ka’amis Yilan, Kilong tangasa katimol mililisay to saetip a riyar a dafdaf a sera, itira ira ko kasasiromaan no ponka, sowal, niyaro’ ko pihamon a saniyaro’an no sa’opo.

Pinpu a fuinacadan ka’amis nai Suaw ato Tayal a kasasilaed, katimol nai Fanliaw ato Paiwanfinacadan malalaed, ikor maepec no Payrang o roma i malinah tayra roma a pala, matiya o Hengcun, Puli, Kalingko Posong.

=== Pakayraan no sowal (詞源) ===
“Pinpu” a sowal a padotocan, manga’ay so’edacen nai Cingcao Yongceng pikowan Huangsujin “Taihai sicalu” (ikor no 1742 miheca), onini a tilid masowal ko “kasa Pinpu a saniyaro’” a sowal, ikor nai ci Chen Lunjiong a “Haikuo wencienlu” (1731 miheca) ira masadak ko “Pinpu yincumin” a sowal[3]:13.

Nawhani o ponka no yincumin macacofelay i no Payrang a finacadan, orasaka i ’ayaway no Payrang a rayray no likisi no Taywan masowal ko “Fan” [3]. Nai “Fan” a tilidan, pahecian a sowal a minengneng, “Fan” oya “macengelay” ato “omah” patatekoan, o maomahay a tamdaw sanay ko pitoro’, matiniay ko sa’orip. Nika, itini i romaay finacadan konengneng, “Fan” iraay ko mipelesay, miepecay a sowal[11].

I’ayaw yincumin no Taywan dengan o “niyaro’” ko iraay awaay ko “finacadan” sanay a latrkan[3]:12, orasaka o niyaro’ sato ko pitahidang. Tinako: Tacia kawaliay niyaro’ (tongsya) ato Tacia kaetipay niyaro’ “sisya” maro’ay, sacisowal sato o Tasya a tamdaw. O Pinpu finacadan ano eca Pinpu maecakay finacadan sanay a sowal i matiliday, o sapisiiked toya mangta’ay finacadan ato malafelay finacadan ato lotokay finacadan sanay ko pasasiromaan.

Talacawa nai 18 sician matilid no Mancin o Maecakay a Pinpu sanay ko pitahidang, mika itira i 19 sician mangalef ko nikasowal[4]. Rahodayen ko sowal, i 18 sician matilid o “Pinpu fan”, “Pinpu maecakay fan”, o patoro’ to itiraay i dafdafay no Pintong, dafdafay no Yilan, dafdafay no Posong ato dafdafay no Hengcun a yincumin finacadan. So’elinen ko sowal, o nisowalan no mita anini oya “Pinpu finacadan” tosaay ko pisimed to sasowalen: “Pinpu” ato “Maecakay finacadan”. O cecay a sowal “Pinpu” malifong i kasaniyaro’, oya “maecakay a finacadan” o sowal no mikowanay; nika soelinay, naikoran no Mancin, “Pinpu”, “Maecakay finacadan” itiraay i kasasiroma no finacadan, o mirarakatay a sdowal koni a pitahidang. O pisetek malecaday o pisiiked to sasiroma no sa’etal, tinako itiraay i Hencun, “Maecakay finacadan” snay a pisetek to micamolay to Payrang ato Yincumin, saka “Maecakay finacadan” a niyaro’ han ko pitahidang.  

=== Kasasiiked (分類) ===
Talacowa naira ko tamdawan, kasasiromaroma no tamdaw itiya to masasikihar ko ira ko “sasiiked no rocok”. Nika, kaira no tamdaw ira ko “finacadan” ato “finawlan” ko pisiiked to tamdaw o ikoray to ko nian, mangalef piteka no i’ayaw no 100 miheca picalap no micingcingay ato misatekeday ko pikowanan ho itiya. O Taywan saheto o “masiikeday ko finacadan” saka matiniay ko kamatira no to’ekan mapalowan.  

Ka Dipongan no Taywan o mitakedan a micowat ko pikowan to Taywan itiya, o patodong no pikowan, o pisapinangaw misolap ato sapinang to finacadan ato sera no Taywan, saan micowat misaiked to fanacadan no Taywan ko tayal (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b); tinako oya tayniay nai congko a Minan sa’etal a Ngayngay tamdaw palaPayrangen, ’ayaway nano Ngayngay palaNgayngayen ko pakika.

Miteka, hakasi no Dipong paretatenga oya maro’ay i dafdaf a Pinpu finacadan a yincumin malaPayrang to, dengan to oya “Pinpu finacadan” ano eca “Pinpufan” a nisowalan o pihaop aca, oya nisiikedan a finacadan palao “Takayamacu” patodong. Ikor, o hakasi no Dipong to mamalasawad a ponka no Pinpu finacadan ira to ko masatalolongay a nikafana’an saka, nanoya oya nisowalan a “Pinpu finacadan”, so’elinen halo adihayay kasasiroma no sowal, kasasiroma a ponka no finacadan.

Nikawrira, ’ayaw no 90 no mihecaan, o hakasi sakiPinpu finacadan masasiroma ko pisiiked, ira ko 7 finacadan 14 sangasaw, ira ko 8 finacadan, 9 finacadan, 10 finacadan, 12 finacadan sanay (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b).

Midotoc to aniniay mikingkiway pahecian, saki “Pinpu finacadan”, “Takayamacu” a kasasiiked, caay ko tataparan sanay masasiiked ko finawlan, o nano nai 17 sician ko nisanga’an a likisi, nawhani kasafinacadan a ’orip a sofal ato Palapayrangan a ko saka milafotay to calay. Roma a sowal, o nian “Pinpu finacadan” a kasasiroma no ponka, latek ikaka to cecay no “Pinpucu” ato cecay no “Takasakoco” a kasasiroma, o cecay no “Pinpu finacadan” ato cecay no “Takasako finacadan” latek oya cecayay a finacadan. Tinako sasowalen, nai sowal ato ponka ko pinengneng, samangataay to no ’Amis finacadan a Slaya, Taman ato Makataw finacadan no Taywan a Pinpu finacadan; o sowal ato Saysiyak finacadan mangata to Loylon finacadan no yincuminco.

=== Pakayraan no finacadan (族源) ===
Midoedo to no aniniay nipikingkiw misaheci, pakayraan no Pinpuco a ponka saheto o nai Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no Taywan. Onini a finacadan malesap itini i Taypinyang ato Intoyang, samaraayay manga’ay rapoten koya maraayay to Taywan a Easter Island ato Madagascar.

Dotocen ko kaitiraan, o itiraay i paka’amisay a finacadan no Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan i Taywan ko Pinpu a finacadan. So’elinen o I’ayaway no fa’elohay fokelohan a to’ek ko kaira ano eca talahakel i Taywan ko Pinpu finacadan, o nano mikiriyaray a finacadan. O piwacay no Yincuminco wiyinhuy to yincuminco no Taywan ato Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no hekal a kasakihar i pahapinang to o “nao Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan ko finacadan no Taywan, sakitamdawan ono Malay a tamdawan saka, o paka’amisay no Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan ko Taywan” saan[12].

==== No kaDipongan to’ek a pisilsil (日治時期的分類) ====
Saki Pinpu finacadan a pisilisil, awaay ko masongila’ay a kadadoedo no pisilsil i pikowan no Dipong to Taywan. Itira sa i Netherland a mikowan dengan sa o no kasaniyaro’ a ngangan, oraan sa ko pidoedoan kasasilsil no sa’etal, masa’isal ko pinapina sa’etal no finacadan. Ono i Mancin ni Huang Shujing to “Fansu liukao” a tilid i, malecad to pakayni kasasilsil a palaan misiiked a 13 niyaro’ ko yincumin funacadan.

Tangasa no Dipongan a to’ak, ona Ino Yoshinori, awaya den'nojo a “Taiwan yicumin mondai” (1900) a tilidan itiya to madadoedo ko pisilsil misiiked, ikor to ni Ino Yoshinori a “Taiwan yincumin seici” (1900) a tilidan, itiya masalof ko kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan, kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan ira: Ketagalan, Kavalan, Taokas, Pazih, Papora, Babuza, Arikun, Lloa, Siraya, Makattao 10 finacadan.

Oni Ino Yoshinori a nisiikedan kadadoedo o kacipinangan to pidoedoan, ona Igawa Kazo, Ogawa Tadayoshi, Mabuchi Toichi o pasadakay to kasasiiked siroma no pisilsil (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b). o kalaliyangan ira ko pinapina:

Pakayni to na 2 finacadan Arikun ato Lloa o papalacecayen ko finacadan: o roma a hakasi pasilacecay han koni 2 finacadan, o Hoanya a finacadan han saan. Nika midotoc to no hakasi ca Yung Kayin and Chung Yulan a pisapinang i, paretatenga to Hoanya alatek o nano Folaohua (Fan) a moraraway ko pipasetek. Ono finacadan to inika sasiroma no pihamon, pako niyah sa ko paratatenga.

’Eca ko malecaday to no Ketagalan a finacadan, ano eca padoedoen ho ko pisiiked. Pakayni to sowalan hakasi ca Tsuchida Shigeru aci Lee Inkee paretatenga a nisowalan, oya Ketagalan finacadan salongan malitoloay kasasiroma no sowal saan: Basay, Leilang ato Kulon. Oya Siraiya, Taivoan ato Makattao o masasiromaay ano eca o cecay a finacadan. Tangasa anini o ’alomanay a hakasi a midoedoan tono mikarkaray to notamdawan, sowalan ato lodisan masapinang, patongal no finacadan pihamon to niyah, paretatenga o na toloay ngasaw o masasiromaay caayay kalecad a yincuminco[13][14][15][16][17][18].   

Oni Ikawako no Zang itiniay ni Ino Kasunori saceker mapacomod ko Thao finacadan, o nano Pinpu finacadan ano eca o kaosanco finacadan.

==== Ikoray no kalalood a pisiiked (戰後的分類) ====</text>
      <sha1>5i2py3fi2pqbsglrur0mfawbpkwo8x0</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>46891</id>
      <parentid>46890</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-07-07T01:05:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Masaonikar</username>
        <id>570</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Ikoray no kalalood a pisiiked (戰後的分類) */</comment>
      <origin>46891</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="11154" sha1="nakv6b2ev112jxvg15un31ffnlwk5tg" xml:space="preserve">== Pinpu finacadan (平埔族群) ==
Pinpu finacadan, to hatiniay Pinpoco han ko pitahidang, o pisiiked to sapikown to yincumin no Taywan a tahidang koni[2]. O roma a tahidang o Kaosancu; ikor midoedo to mikingkiway, ponkaan, itiya a mafana’ to o ’alomanay a finacadan caay ko cecayay a finacadan sato, anini falican ko pitahidang o Pinpocu fuinacadan hanto. Oya ’alomanay Pinpuco finacadan tangsa anini caay ho haydaen no Conghuaminko sifo o yincuminco caira, dengan oya pakapian i ’Amis finacadan a Kavalan finacadan.

Pinpu finacadan i’ayaw no pikowan no netherland, spain itiya o “Aporicini-アボリジニ” han ko pitahidang; pikowan to no Mancin i, saheto o mapalatamdaway, maecakay finacadan[1], ato Nama no fan, wairudona fan sanay ko pasasi’ayaw[3]:12. Orasaka o Cori sareta, Aporicini-アボリジニ itiraay i “Dafdafay pala” (Pingti caopu), samasa o sowal pangangan o Pingpuah, Pucirin, Pingpufan (Payrang: Pi-poo-hoan; Inkiris Pepohoan[4][5][6]), onini “Pinpu” a sowal todong “Dafdaf” ano eca “enaray” sanay ko todong no sowal[7].

Tangasa to pikowan no Dipong a to’ek “Taywan Fancin demak” a tilidan o yincumin malitosa Kaosancu, Pinpuco[3]:13, kasaniyaro’ a Pinpuco finacadan ona palowaday to pifalic pala “Tongninco” sanay a syakay onto[5][8]. Tangasa no Conghuaminko to’ek a mikowan miteka o rayray no Pinpuco malasawaday to ko finacadan harateng, caay to pala o yincuminco cangra; ikor makerih to ko mikingkiway t ofinacadan no Taywan, onini likisi no Pinpuco miteka a masafaloco’ no syakay, nika o Pinpuco a finacadan ona oya “Pinpuco” koni finacadan, saan to ikor miliyaw a misilsil to kasasiiked masiroma[2][3]:18.

O Saisiyat ato Thao finadan ona nipacomodan i Pinpu a finacadan, nengnengen “Pinpuco”, “mapalatamdaway”, “maecakay finacadan” ato “manta’ finacadan” sanay ko pisiiked, onini o sakanga’ay no papotalay mikowan, caayay pidotoc to no yincuminco i nihamonan no niyah konini pisiiked, saka aniniay a pipangangan no Pinpu ano eca palowad to ngangan a onto. Tangasa 2022 miheca 10 folad 28 romi’ad, ono Conghuaminko kimpo a hoyin saki Silaya finacadan to kacingangan no yincumin a demak i, mihapiw to itiyaay ho “Rikec no kacingangan no yincumin” o caayay ka tatodong i kimpo, patodongen to tolo miheca ko pisalofan, mihayda to no Kaosancu a pisingsi malayincuminco o nano Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no Taywan, midotoc a pakayni sakacingangan nai tatapangan no rikec ko Pinpu finacadan[9].  

=== Likisi (歷史)   ===
O Pinpu a finacadan nai ’ayaw 17 sician katayni no Payrang i Taywan i, malesap nai ka’amis Yilan, Kilong tangasa katimol mililisay to saetip a riyar a dafdaf a sera, itira ira ko kasasiromaan no ponka, sowal, niyaro’ ko pihamon a saniyaro’an no sa’opo.

Pinpu a fuinacadan ka’amis nai Suaw ato Tayal a kasasilaed, katimol nai Fanliaw ato Paiwanfinacadan malalaed, ikor maepec no Payrang o roma i malinah tayra roma a pala, matiya o Hengcun, Puli, Kalingko Posong.

=== Pakayraan no sowal (詞源) ===
“Pinpu” a sowal a padotocan, manga’ay so’edacen nai Cingcao Yongceng pikowan Huangsujin “Taihai sicalu” (ikor no 1742 miheca), onini a tilid masowal ko “kasa Pinpu a saniyaro’” a sowal, ikor nai ci Chen Lunjiong a “Haikuo wencienlu” (1731 miheca) ira masadak ko “Pinpu yincumin” a sowal[3]:13.

Nawhani o ponka no yincumin macacofelay i no Payrang a finacadan, orasaka i ’ayaway no Payrang a rayray no likisi no Taywan masowal ko “Fan” [3]. Nai “Fan” a tilidan, pahecian a sowal a minengneng, “Fan” oya “macengelay” ato “omah” patatekoan, o maomahay a tamdaw sanay ko pitoro’, matiniay ko sa’orip. Nika, itini i romaay finacadan konengneng, “Fan” iraay ko mipelesay, miepecay a sowal[11].

I’ayaw yincumin no Taywan dengan o “niyaro’” ko iraay awaay ko “finacadan” sanay a latrkan[3]:12, orasaka o niyaro’ sato ko pitahidang. Tinako: Tacia kawaliay niyaro’ (tongsya) ato Tacia kaetipay niyaro’ “sisya” maro’ay, sacisowal sato o Tasya a tamdaw. O Pinpu finacadan ano eca Pinpu maecakay finacadan sanay a sowal i matiliday, o sapisiiked toya mangta’ay finacadan ato malafelay finacadan ato lotokay finacadan sanay ko pasasiromaan.

Talacawa nai 18 sician matilid no Mancin o Maecakay a Pinpu sanay ko pitahidang, mika itira i 19 sician mangalef ko nikasowal[4]. Rahodayen ko sowal, i 18 sician matilid o “Pinpu fan”, “Pinpu maecakay fan”, o patoro’ to itiraay i dafdafay no Pintong, dafdafay no Yilan, dafdafay no Posong ato dafdafay no Hengcun a yincumin finacadan. So’elinen ko sowal, o nisowalan no mita anini oya “Pinpu finacadan” tosaay ko pisimed to sasowalen: “Pinpu” ato “Maecakay finacadan”. O cecay a sowal “Pinpu” malifong i kasaniyaro’, oya “maecakay a finacadan” o sowal no mikowanay; nika soelinay, naikoran no Mancin, “Pinpu”, “Maecakay finacadan” itiraay i kasasiroma no finacadan, o mirarakatay a sdowal koni a pitahidang. O pisetek malecaday o pisiiked to sasiroma no sa’etal, tinako itiraay i Hencun, “Maecakay finacadan” snay a pisetek to micamolay to Payrang ato Yincumin, saka “Maecakay finacadan” a niyaro’ han ko pitahidang.  

=== Kasasiiked (分類) ===
Talacowa naira ko tamdawan, kasasiromaroma no tamdaw itiya to masasikihar ko ira ko “sasiiked no rocok”. Nika, kaira no tamdaw ira ko “finacadan” ato “finawlan” ko pisiiked to tamdaw o ikoray to ko nian, mangalef piteka no i’ayaw no 100 miheca picalap no micingcingay ato misatekeday ko pikowanan ho itiya. O Taywan saheto o “masiikeday ko finacadan” saka matiniay ko kamatira no to’ekan mapalowan.  

Ka Dipongan no Taywan o mitakedan a micowat ko pikowan to Taywan itiya, o patodong no pikowan, o pisapinangaw misolap ato sapinang to finacadan ato sera no Taywan, saan micowat misaiked to fanacadan no Taywan ko tayal (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b); tinako oya tayniay nai congko a Minan sa’etal a Ngayngay tamdaw palaPayrangen, ’ayaway nano Ngayngay palaNgayngayen ko pakika.

Miteka, hakasi no Dipong paretatenga oya maro’ay i dafdaf a Pinpu finacadan a yincumin malaPayrang to, dengan to oya “Pinpu finacadan” ano eca “Pinpufan” a nisowalan o pihaop aca, oya nisiikedan a finacadan palao “Takayamacu” patodong. Ikor, o hakasi no Dipong to mamalasawad a ponka no Pinpu finacadan ira to ko masatalolongay a nikafana’an saka, nanoya oya nisowalan a “Pinpu finacadan”, so’elinen halo adihayay kasasiroma no sowal, kasasiroma a ponka no finacadan.

Nikawrira, ’ayaw no 90 no mihecaan, o hakasi sakiPinpu finacadan masasiroma ko pisiiked, ira ko 7 finacadan 14 sangasaw, ira ko 8 finacadan, 9 finacadan, 10 finacadan, 12 finacadan sanay (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b).

Midotoc to aniniay mikingkiway pahecian, saki “Pinpu finacadan”, “Takayamacu” a kasasiiked, caay ko tataparan sanay masasiiked ko finawlan, o nano nai 17 sician ko nisanga’an a likisi, nawhani kasafinacadan a ’orip a sofal ato Palapayrangan a ko saka milafotay to calay. Roma a sowal, o nian “Pinpu finacadan” a kasasiroma no ponka, latek ikaka to cecay no “Pinpucu” ato cecay no “Takasakoco” a kasasiroma, o cecay no “Pinpu finacadan” ato cecay no “Takasako finacadan” latek oya cecayay a finacadan. Tinako sasowalen, nai sowal ato ponka ko pinengneng, samangataay to no ’Amis finacadan a Slaya, Taman ato Makataw finacadan no Taywan a Pinpu finacadan; o sowal ato Saysiyak finacadan mangata to Loylon finacadan no yincuminco.

=== Pakayraan no finacadan (族源) ===
Midoedo to no aniniay nipikingkiw misaheci, pakayraan no Pinpuco a ponka saheto o nai Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no Taywan. Onini a finacadan malesap itini i Taypinyang ato Intoyang, samaraayay manga’ay rapoten koya maraayay to Taywan a Easter Island ato Madagascar.

Dotocen ko kaitiraan, o itiraay i paka’amisay a finacadan no Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan i Taywan ko Pinpu a finacadan. So’elinen o I’ayaway no fa’elohay fokelohan a to’ek ko kaira ano eca talahakel i Taywan ko Pinpu finacadan, o nano mikiriyaray a finacadan. O piwacay no Yincuminco wiyinhuy to yincuminco no Taywan ato Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no hekal a kasakihar i pahapinang to o “nao Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan ko finacadan no Taywan, sakitamdawan ono Malay a tamdawan saka, o paka’amisay no Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan ko Taywan” saan[12].

==== No kaDipongan to’ek a pisilsil (日治時期的分類) ====
Saki Pinpu finacadan a pisilisil, awaay ko masongila’ay a kadadoedo no pisilsil i pikowan no Dipong to Taywan. Itira sa i Netherland a mikowan dengan sa o no kasaniyaro’ a ngangan, oraan sa ko pidoedoan kasasilsil no sa’etal, masa’isal ko pinapina sa’etal no finacadan. Ono i Mancin ni Huang Shujing to “Fansu liukao” a tilid i, malecad to pakayni kasasilsil a palaan misiiked a 13 niyaro’ ko yincumin funacadan.

Tangasa no Dipongan a to’ak, ona Ino Yoshinori, awaya den'nojo a “Taiwan yicumin mondai” (1900) a tilidan itiya to madadoedo ko pisilsil misiiked, ikor to ni Ino Yoshinori a “Taiwan yincumin seici” (1900) a tilidan, itiya masalof ko kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan, kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan ira: Ketagalan, Kavalan, Taokas, Pazih, Papora, Babuza, Arikun, Lloa, Siraya, Makattao 10 finacadan.

Oni Ino Yoshinori a nisiikedan kadadoedo o kacipinangan to pidoedoan, ona Igawa Kazo, Ogawa Tadayoshi, Mabuchi Toichi o pasadakay to kasasiiked siroma no pisilsil (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b). o kalaliyangan ira ko pinapina:

Pakayni to na 2 finacadan Arikun ato Lloa o papalacecayen ko finacadan: o roma a hakasi pasilacecay han koni 2 finacadan, o Hoanya a finacadan han saan. Nika midotoc to no hakasi ca Yung Kayin and Chung Yulan a pisapinang i, paretatenga to Hoanya alatek o nano Folaohua (Fan) a moraraway ko pipasetek. Ono finacadan to inika sasiroma no pihamon, pako niyah sa ko paratatenga.

’Eca ko malecaday to no Ketagalan a finacadan, ano eca padoedoen ho ko pisiiked. Pakayni to sowalan hakasi ca Tsuchida Shigeru aci Lee Inkee paretatenga a nisowalan, oya Ketagalan finacadan salongan malitoloay kasasiroma no sowal saan: Basay, Leilang ato Kulon. Oya Siraiya, Taivoan ato Makattao o masasiromaay ano eca o cecay a finacadan. Tangasa anini o ’alomanay a hakasi a midoedoan tono mikarkaray to notamdawan, sowalan ato lodisan masapinang, patongal no finacadan pihamon to niyah, paretatenga o na toloay ngasaw o masasiromaay caayay kalecad a yincuminco[13][14][15][16][17][18].   

Oni Ikawako no Zang itiniay ni Ino Kasunori saceker mapacomod ko Thao finacadan, o nano Pinpu finacadan ano eca o kaosanco finacadan.

==== Ikoray no kalalood a pisiiked (戰後的分類) ====
Pinapina mihecaan, no hakasi sakiPinpu finacadan a pisiiked, ira to ko fa’elohay a nengneng. No Dipong a hakasi ci Tsuchida Shigeru i 1985 mihecaan misiikedan (nengneng Tsuchida 1985), masiiked ko Pinpu finacadan to 12 finacadan: oya Kavalan, Basay, Ketagalan, Kulon, Taokas, Pazih, Papora, Babuza, Hoanya, Siraya, Makattao, Taivoan a finacadan.</text>
      <sha1>nakv6b2ev112jxvg15un31ffnlwk5tg</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>46892</id>
      <parentid>46891</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-07-07T01:05:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Masaonikar</username>
        <id>570</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Ikoray no kalalood a pisiiked (戰後的分類) */</comment>
      <origin>46892</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="11340" sha1="gleugiab95oln97wna3r99t1p4vmgb8" xml:space="preserve">== Pinpu finacadan (平埔族群) ==
Pinpu finacadan, to hatiniay Pinpoco han ko pitahidang, o pisiiked to sapikown to yincumin no Taywan a tahidang koni[2]. O roma a tahidang o Kaosancu; ikor midoedo to mikingkiway, ponkaan, itiya a mafana’ to o ’alomanay a finacadan caay ko cecayay a finacadan sato, anini falican ko pitahidang o Pinpocu fuinacadan hanto. Oya ’alomanay Pinpuco finacadan tangsa anini caay ho haydaen no Conghuaminko sifo o yincuminco caira, dengan oya pakapian i ’Amis finacadan a Kavalan finacadan.

Pinpu finacadan i’ayaw no pikowan no netherland, spain itiya o “Aporicini-アボリジニ” han ko pitahidang; pikowan to no Mancin i, saheto o mapalatamdaway, maecakay finacadan[1], ato Nama no fan, wairudona fan sanay ko pasasi’ayaw[3]:12. Orasaka o Cori sareta, Aporicini-アボリジニ itiraay i “Dafdafay pala” (Pingti caopu), samasa o sowal pangangan o Pingpuah, Pucirin, Pingpufan (Payrang: Pi-poo-hoan; Inkiris Pepohoan[4][5][6]), onini “Pinpu” a sowal todong “Dafdaf” ano eca “enaray” sanay ko todong no sowal[7].

Tangasa to pikowan no Dipong a to’ek “Taywan Fancin demak” a tilidan o yincumin malitosa Kaosancu, Pinpuco[3]:13, kasaniyaro’ a Pinpuco finacadan ona palowaday to pifalic pala “Tongninco” sanay a syakay onto[5][8]. Tangasa no Conghuaminko to’ek a mikowan miteka o rayray no Pinpuco malasawaday to ko finacadan harateng, caay to pala o yincuminco cangra; ikor makerih to ko mikingkiway t ofinacadan no Taywan, onini likisi no Pinpuco miteka a masafaloco’ no syakay, nika o Pinpuco a finacadan ona oya “Pinpuco” koni finacadan, saan to ikor miliyaw a misilsil to kasasiiked masiroma[2][3]:18.

O Saisiyat ato Thao finadan ona nipacomodan i Pinpu a finacadan, nengnengen “Pinpuco”, “mapalatamdaway”, “maecakay finacadan” ato “manta’ finacadan” sanay ko pisiiked, onini o sakanga’ay no papotalay mikowan, caayay pidotoc to no yincuminco i nihamonan no niyah konini pisiiked, saka aniniay a pipangangan no Pinpu ano eca palowad to ngangan a onto. Tangasa 2022 miheca 10 folad 28 romi’ad, ono Conghuaminko kimpo a hoyin saki Silaya finacadan to kacingangan no yincumin a demak i, mihapiw to itiyaay ho “Rikec no kacingangan no yincumin” o caayay ka tatodong i kimpo, patodongen to tolo miheca ko pisalofan, mihayda to no Kaosancu a pisingsi malayincuminco o nano Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no Taywan, midotoc a pakayni sakacingangan nai tatapangan no rikec ko Pinpu finacadan[9].  

=== Likisi (歷史)   ===
O Pinpu a finacadan nai ’ayaw 17 sician katayni no Payrang i Taywan i, malesap nai ka’amis Yilan, Kilong tangasa katimol mililisay to saetip a riyar a dafdaf a sera, itira ira ko kasasiromaan no ponka, sowal, niyaro’ ko pihamon a saniyaro’an no sa’opo.

Pinpu a fuinacadan ka’amis nai Suaw ato Tayal a kasasilaed, katimol nai Fanliaw ato Paiwanfinacadan malalaed, ikor maepec no Payrang o roma i malinah tayra roma a pala, matiya o Hengcun, Puli, Kalingko Posong.

=== Pakayraan no sowal (詞源) ===
“Pinpu” a sowal a padotocan, manga’ay so’edacen nai Cingcao Yongceng pikowan Huangsujin “Taihai sicalu” (ikor no 1742 miheca), onini a tilid masowal ko “kasa Pinpu a saniyaro’” a sowal, ikor nai ci Chen Lunjiong a “Haikuo wencienlu” (1731 miheca) ira masadak ko “Pinpu yincumin” a sowal[3]:13.

Nawhani o ponka no yincumin macacofelay i no Payrang a finacadan, orasaka i ’ayaway no Payrang a rayray no likisi no Taywan masowal ko “Fan” [3]. Nai “Fan” a tilidan, pahecian a sowal a minengneng, “Fan” oya “macengelay” ato “omah” patatekoan, o maomahay a tamdaw sanay ko pitoro’, matiniay ko sa’orip. Nika, itini i romaay finacadan konengneng, “Fan” iraay ko mipelesay, miepecay a sowal[11].

I’ayaw yincumin no Taywan dengan o “niyaro’” ko iraay awaay ko “finacadan” sanay a latrkan[3]:12, orasaka o niyaro’ sato ko pitahidang. Tinako: Tacia kawaliay niyaro’ (tongsya) ato Tacia kaetipay niyaro’ “sisya” maro’ay, sacisowal sato o Tasya a tamdaw. O Pinpu finacadan ano eca Pinpu maecakay finacadan sanay a sowal i matiliday, o sapisiiked toya mangta’ay finacadan ato malafelay finacadan ato lotokay finacadan sanay ko pasasiromaan.

Talacawa nai 18 sician matilid no Mancin o Maecakay a Pinpu sanay ko pitahidang, mika itira i 19 sician mangalef ko nikasowal[4]. Rahodayen ko sowal, i 18 sician matilid o “Pinpu fan”, “Pinpu maecakay fan”, o patoro’ to itiraay i dafdafay no Pintong, dafdafay no Yilan, dafdafay no Posong ato dafdafay no Hengcun a yincumin finacadan. So’elinen ko sowal, o nisowalan no mita anini oya “Pinpu finacadan” tosaay ko pisimed to sasowalen: “Pinpu” ato “Maecakay finacadan”. O cecay a sowal “Pinpu” malifong i kasaniyaro’, oya “maecakay a finacadan” o sowal no mikowanay; nika soelinay, naikoran no Mancin, “Pinpu”, “Maecakay finacadan” itiraay i kasasiroma no finacadan, o mirarakatay a sdowal koni a pitahidang. O pisetek malecaday o pisiiked to sasiroma no sa’etal, tinako itiraay i Hencun, “Maecakay finacadan” snay a pisetek to micamolay to Payrang ato Yincumin, saka “Maecakay finacadan” a niyaro’ han ko pitahidang.  

=== Kasasiiked (分類) ===
Talacowa naira ko tamdawan, kasasiromaroma no tamdaw itiya to masasikihar ko ira ko “sasiiked no rocok”. Nika, kaira no tamdaw ira ko “finacadan” ato “finawlan” ko pisiiked to tamdaw o ikoray to ko nian, mangalef piteka no i’ayaw no 100 miheca picalap no micingcingay ato misatekeday ko pikowanan ho itiya. O Taywan saheto o “masiikeday ko finacadan” saka matiniay ko kamatira no to’ekan mapalowan.  

Ka Dipongan no Taywan o mitakedan a micowat ko pikowan to Taywan itiya, o patodong no pikowan, o pisapinangaw misolap ato sapinang to finacadan ato sera no Taywan, saan micowat misaiked to fanacadan no Taywan ko tayal (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b); tinako oya tayniay nai congko a Minan sa’etal a Ngayngay tamdaw palaPayrangen, ’ayaway nano Ngayngay palaNgayngayen ko pakika.

Miteka, hakasi no Dipong paretatenga oya maro’ay i dafdaf a Pinpu finacadan a yincumin malaPayrang to, dengan to oya “Pinpu finacadan” ano eca “Pinpufan” a nisowalan o pihaop aca, oya nisiikedan a finacadan palao “Takayamacu” patodong. Ikor, o hakasi no Dipong to mamalasawad a ponka no Pinpu finacadan ira to ko masatalolongay a nikafana’an saka, nanoya oya nisowalan a “Pinpu finacadan”, so’elinen halo adihayay kasasiroma no sowal, kasasiroma a ponka no finacadan.

Nikawrira, ’ayaw no 90 no mihecaan, o hakasi sakiPinpu finacadan masasiroma ko pisiiked, ira ko 7 finacadan 14 sangasaw, ira ko 8 finacadan, 9 finacadan, 10 finacadan, 12 finacadan sanay (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b).

Midotoc to aniniay mikingkiway pahecian, saki “Pinpu finacadan”, “Takayamacu” a kasasiiked, caay ko tataparan sanay masasiiked ko finawlan, o nano nai 17 sician ko nisanga’an a likisi, nawhani kasafinacadan a ’orip a sofal ato Palapayrangan a ko saka milafotay to calay. Roma a sowal, o nian “Pinpu finacadan” a kasasiroma no ponka, latek ikaka to cecay no “Pinpucu” ato cecay no “Takasakoco” a kasasiroma, o cecay no “Pinpu finacadan” ato cecay no “Takasako finacadan” latek oya cecayay a finacadan. Tinako sasowalen, nai sowal ato ponka ko pinengneng, samangataay to no ’Amis finacadan a Slaya, Taman ato Makataw finacadan no Taywan a Pinpu finacadan; o sowal ato Saysiyak finacadan mangata to Loylon finacadan no yincuminco.

=== Pakayraan no finacadan (族源) ===
Midoedo to no aniniay nipikingkiw misaheci, pakayraan no Pinpuco a ponka saheto o nai Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no Taywan. Onini a finacadan malesap itini i Taypinyang ato Intoyang, samaraayay manga’ay rapoten koya maraayay to Taywan a Easter Island ato Madagascar.

Dotocen ko kaitiraan, o itiraay i paka’amisay a finacadan no Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan i Taywan ko Pinpu a finacadan. So’elinen o I’ayaway no fa’elohay fokelohan a to’ek ko kaira ano eca talahakel i Taywan ko Pinpu finacadan, o nano mikiriyaray a finacadan. O piwacay no Yincuminco wiyinhuy to yincuminco no Taywan ato Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no hekal a kasakihar i pahapinang to o “nao Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan ko finacadan no Taywan, sakitamdawan ono Malay a tamdawan saka, o paka’amisay no Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan ko Taywan” saan[12].

==== No kaDipongan to’ek a pisilsil (日治時期的分類) ====
Saki Pinpu finacadan a pisilisil, awaay ko masongila’ay a kadadoedo no pisilsil i pikowan no Dipong to Taywan. Itira sa i Netherland a mikowan dengan sa o no kasaniyaro’ a ngangan, oraan sa ko pidoedoan kasasilsil no sa’etal, masa’isal ko pinapina sa’etal no finacadan. Ono i Mancin ni Huang Shujing to “Fansu liukao” a tilid i, malecad to pakayni kasasilsil a palaan misiiked a 13 niyaro’ ko yincumin funacadan.

Tangasa no Dipongan a to’ak, ona Ino Yoshinori, awaya den'nojo a “Taiwan yicumin mondai” (1900) a tilidan itiya to madadoedo ko pisilsil misiiked, ikor to ni Ino Yoshinori a “Taiwan yincumin seici” (1900) a tilidan, itiya masalof ko kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan, kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan ira: Ketagalan, Kavalan, Taokas, Pazih, Papora, Babuza, Arikun, Lloa, Siraya, Makattao 10 finacadan.

Oni Ino Yoshinori a nisiikedan kadadoedo o kacipinangan to pidoedoan, ona Igawa Kazo, Ogawa Tadayoshi, Mabuchi Toichi o pasadakay to kasasiiked siroma no pisilsil (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b). o kalaliyangan ira ko pinapina:

Pakayni to na 2 finacadan Arikun ato Lloa o papalacecayen ko finacadan: o roma a hakasi pasilacecay han koni 2 finacadan, o Hoanya a finacadan han saan. Nika midotoc to no hakasi ca Yung Kayin and Chung Yulan a pisapinang i, paretatenga to Hoanya alatek o nano Folaohua (Fan) a moraraway ko pipasetek. Ono finacadan to inika sasiroma no pihamon, pako niyah sa ko paratatenga.

’Eca ko malecaday to no Ketagalan a finacadan, ano eca padoedoen ho ko pisiiked. Pakayni to sowalan hakasi ca Tsuchida Shigeru aci Lee Inkee paretatenga a nisowalan, oya Ketagalan finacadan salongan malitoloay kasasiroma no sowal saan: Basay, Leilang ato Kulon. Oya Siraiya, Taivoan ato Makattao o masasiromaay ano eca o cecay a finacadan. Tangasa anini o ’alomanay a hakasi a midoedoan tono mikarkaray to notamdawan, sowalan ato lodisan masapinang, patongal no finacadan pihamon to niyah, paretatenga o na toloay ngasaw o masasiromaay caayay kalecad a yincuminco[13][14][15][16][17][18].   

Oni Ikawako no Zang itiniay ni Ino Kasunori saceker mapacomod ko Thao finacadan, o nano Pinpu finacadan ano eca o kaosanco finacadan.

==== Ikoray no kalalood a pisiiked (戰後的分類) ====
Pinapina mihecaan, no hakasi sakiPinpu finacadan a pisiiked, ira to ko fa’elohay a nengneng. No Dipong a hakasi ci Tsuchida Shigeru i 1985 mihecaan misiikedan (nengneng Tsuchida 1985), masiiked ko Pinpu finacadan to 12 finacadan: oya Kavalan, Basay, Ketagalan, Kulon, Taokas, Pazih, Papora, Babuza, Hoanya, Siraya, Makattao, Taivoan a finacadan.

Oni Li Yiyuan misiikedan to Pinpu finacadan masiiked 10 finacadan, oya Kavalan, Kentagalan, Luilang, Taokas, Papora, Babiza, Hoanya, Pazeh, Suisalien(Thau), Siraya finacadan[19]:14.  </text>
      <sha1>gleugiab95oln97wna3r99t1p4vmgb8</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>46893</id>
      <parentid>46892</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-07-07T01:06:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Masaonikar</username>
        <id>570</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Ikoray no kalalood a pisiiked (戰後的分類) */</comment>
      <origin>46893</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="11779" sha1="fzizkbp4h8trk55voadbitz94r9rmmo" xml:space="preserve">== Pinpu finacadan (平埔族群) ==
Pinpu finacadan, to hatiniay Pinpoco han ko pitahidang, o pisiiked to sapikown to yincumin no Taywan a tahidang koni[2]. O roma a tahidang o Kaosancu; ikor midoedo to mikingkiway, ponkaan, itiya a mafana’ to o ’alomanay a finacadan caay ko cecayay a finacadan sato, anini falican ko pitahidang o Pinpocu fuinacadan hanto. Oya ’alomanay Pinpuco finacadan tangsa anini caay ho haydaen no Conghuaminko sifo o yincuminco caira, dengan oya pakapian i ’Amis finacadan a Kavalan finacadan.

Pinpu finacadan i’ayaw no pikowan no netherland, spain itiya o “Aporicini-アボリジニ” han ko pitahidang; pikowan to no Mancin i, saheto o mapalatamdaway, maecakay finacadan[1], ato Nama no fan, wairudona fan sanay ko pasasi’ayaw[3]:12. Orasaka o Cori sareta, Aporicini-アボリジニ itiraay i “Dafdafay pala” (Pingti caopu), samasa o sowal pangangan o Pingpuah, Pucirin, Pingpufan (Payrang: Pi-poo-hoan; Inkiris Pepohoan[4][5][6]), onini “Pinpu” a sowal todong “Dafdaf” ano eca “enaray” sanay ko todong no sowal[7].

Tangasa to pikowan no Dipong a to’ek “Taywan Fancin demak” a tilidan o yincumin malitosa Kaosancu, Pinpuco[3]:13, kasaniyaro’ a Pinpuco finacadan ona palowaday to pifalic pala “Tongninco” sanay a syakay onto[5][8]. Tangasa no Conghuaminko to’ek a mikowan miteka o rayray no Pinpuco malasawaday to ko finacadan harateng, caay to pala o yincuminco cangra; ikor makerih to ko mikingkiway t ofinacadan no Taywan, onini likisi no Pinpuco miteka a masafaloco’ no syakay, nika o Pinpuco a finacadan ona oya “Pinpuco” koni finacadan, saan to ikor miliyaw a misilsil to kasasiiked masiroma[2][3]:18.

O Saisiyat ato Thao finadan ona nipacomodan i Pinpu a finacadan, nengnengen “Pinpuco”, “mapalatamdaway”, “maecakay finacadan” ato “manta’ finacadan” sanay ko pisiiked, onini o sakanga’ay no papotalay mikowan, caayay pidotoc to no yincuminco i nihamonan no niyah konini pisiiked, saka aniniay a pipangangan no Pinpu ano eca palowad to ngangan a onto. Tangasa 2022 miheca 10 folad 28 romi’ad, ono Conghuaminko kimpo a hoyin saki Silaya finacadan to kacingangan no yincumin a demak i, mihapiw to itiyaay ho “Rikec no kacingangan no yincumin” o caayay ka tatodong i kimpo, patodongen to tolo miheca ko pisalofan, mihayda to no Kaosancu a pisingsi malayincuminco o nano Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no Taywan, midotoc a pakayni sakacingangan nai tatapangan no rikec ko Pinpu finacadan[9].  

=== Likisi (歷史)   ===
O Pinpu a finacadan nai ’ayaw 17 sician katayni no Payrang i Taywan i, malesap nai ka’amis Yilan, Kilong tangasa katimol mililisay to saetip a riyar a dafdaf a sera, itira ira ko kasasiromaan no ponka, sowal, niyaro’ ko pihamon a saniyaro’an no sa’opo.

Pinpu a fuinacadan ka’amis nai Suaw ato Tayal a kasasilaed, katimol nai Fanliaw ato Paiwanfinacadan malalaed, ikor maepec no Payrang o roma i malinah tayra roma a pala, matiya o Hengcun, Puli, Kalingko Posong.

=== Pakayraan no sowal (詞源) ===
“Pinpu” a sowal a padotocan, manga’ay so’edacen nai Cingcao Yongceng pikowan Huangsujin “Taihai sicalu” (ikor no 1742 miheca), onini a tilid masowal ko “kasa Pinpu a saniyaro’” a sowal, ikor nai ci Chen Lunjiong a “Haikuo wencienlu” (1731 miheca) ira masadak ko “Pinpu yincumin” a sowal[3]:13.

Nawhani o ponka no yincumin macacofelay i no Payrang a finacadan, orasaka i ’ayaway no Payrang a rayray no likisi no Taywan masowal ko “Fan” [3]. Nai “Fan” a tilidan, pahecian a sowal a minengneng, “Fan” oya “macengelay” ato “omah” patatekoan, o maomahay a tamdaw sanay ko pitoro’, matiniay ko sa’orip. Nika, itini i romaay finacadan konengneng, “Fan” iraay ko mipelesay, miepecay a sowal[11].

I’ayaw yincumin no Taywan dengan o “niyaro’” ko iraay awaay ko “finacadan” sanay a latrkan[3]:12, orasaka o niyaro’ sato ko pitahidang. Tinako: Tacia kawaliay niyaro’ (tongsya) ato Tacia kaetipay niyaro’ “sisya” maro’ay, sacisowal sato o Tasya a tamdaw. O Pinpu finacadan ano eca Pinpu maecakay finacadan sanay a sowal i matiliday, o sapisiiked toya mangta’ay finacadan ato malafelay finacadan ato lotokay finacadan sanay ko pasasiromaan.

Talacawa nai 18 sician matilid no Mancin o Maecakay a Pinpu sanay ko pitahidang, mika itira i 19 sician mangalef ko nikasowal[4]. Rahodayen ko sowal, i 18 sician matilid o “Pinpu fan”, “Pinpu maecakay fan”, o patoro’ to itiraay i dafdafay no Pintong, dafdafay no Yilan, dafdafay no Posong ato dafdafay no Hengcun a yincumin finacadan. So’elinen ko sowal, o nisowalan no mita anini oya “Pinpu finacadan” tosaay ko pisimed to sasowalen: “Pinpu” ato “Maecakay finacadan”. O cecay a sowal “Pinpu” malifong i kasaniyaro’, oya “maecakay a finacadan” o sowal no mikowanay; nika soelinay, naikoran no Mancin, “Pinpu”, “Maecakay finacadan” itiraay i kasasiroma no finacadan, o mirarakatay a sdowal koni a pitahidang. O pisetek malecaday o pisiiked to sasiroma no sa’etal, tinako itiraay i Hencun, “Maecakay finacadan” snay a pisetek to micamolay to Payrang ato Yincumin, saka “Maecakay finacadan” a niyaro’ han ko pitahidang.  

=== Kasasiiked (分類) ===
Talacowa naira ko tamdawan, kasasiromaroma no tamdaw itiya to masasikihar ko ira ko “sasiiked no rocok”. Nika, kaira no tamdaw ira ko “finacadan” ato “finawlan” ko pisiiked to tamdaw o ikoray to ko nian, mangalef piteka no i’ayaw no 100 miheca picalap no micingcingay ato misatekeday ko pikowanan ho itiya. O Taywan saheto o “masiikeday ko finacadan” saka matiniay ko kamatira no to’ekan mapalowan.  

Ka Dipongan no Taywan o mitakedan a micowat ko pikowan to Taywan itiya, o patodong no pikowan, o pisapinangaw misolap ato sapinang to finacadan ato sera no Taywan, saan micowat misaiked to fanacadan no Taywan ko tayal (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b); tinako oya tayniay nai congko a Minan sa’etal a Ngayngay tamdaw palaPayrangen, ’ayaway nano Ngayngay palaNgayngayen ko pakika.

Miteka, hakasi no Dipong paretatenga oya maro’ay i dafdaf a Pinpu finacadan a yincumin malaPayrang to, dengan to oya “Pinpu finacadan” ano eca “Pinpufan” a nisowalan o pihaop aca, oya nisiikedan a finacadan palao “Takayamacu” patodong. Ikor, o hakasi no Dipong to mamalasawad a ponka no Pinpu finacadan ira to ko masatalolongay a nikafana’an saka, nanoya oya nisowalan a “Pinpu finacadan”, so’elinen halo adihayay kasasiroma no sowal, kasasiroma a ponka no finacadan.

Nikawrira, ’ayaw no 90 no mihecaan, o hakasi sakiPinpu finacadan masasiroma ko pisiiked, ira ko 7 finacadan 14 sangasaw, ira ko 8 finacadan, 9 finacadan, 10 finacadan, 12 finacadan sanay (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b).

Midotoc to aniniay mikingkiway pahecian, saki “Pinpu finacadan”, “Takayamacu” a kasasiiked, caay ko tataparan sanay masasiiked ko finawlan, o nano nai 17 sician ko nisanga’an a likisi, nawhani kasafinacadan a ’orip a sofal ato Palapayrangan a ko saka milafotay to calay. Roma a sowal, o nian “Pinpu finacadan” a kasasiroma no ponka, latek ikaka to cecay no “Pinpucu” ato cecay no “Takasakoco” a kasasiroma, o cecay no “Pinpu finacadan” ato cecay no “Takasako finacadan” latek oya cecayay a finacadan. Tinako sasowalen, nai sowal ato ponka ko pinengneng, samangataay to no ’Amis finacadan a Slaya, Taman ato Makataw finacadan no Taywan a Pinpu finacadan; o sowal ato Saysiyak finacadan mangata to Loylon finacadan no yincuminco.

=== Pakayraan no finacadan (族源) ===
Midoedo to no aniniay nipikingkiw misaheci, pakayraan no Pinpuco a ponka saheto o nai Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no Taywan. Onini a finacadan malesap itini i Taypinyang ato Intoyang, samaraayay manga’ay rapoten koya maraayay to Taywan a Easter Island ato Madagascar.

Dotocen ko kaitiraan, o itiraay i paka’amisay a finacadan no Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan i Taywan ko Pinpu a finacadan. So’elinen o I’ayaway no fa’elohay fokelohan a to’ek ko kaira ano eca talahakel i Taywan ko Pinpu finacadan, o nano mikiriyaray a finacadan. O piwacay no Yincuminco wiyinhuy to yincuminco no Taywan ato Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no hekal a kasakihar i pahapinang to o “nao Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan ko finacadan no Taywan, sakitamdawan ono Malay a tamdawan saka, o paka’amisay no Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan ko Taywan” saan[12].

==== No kaDipongan to’ek a pisilsil (日治時期的分類) ====
Saki Pinpu finacadan a pisilisil, awaay ko masongila’ay a kadadoedo no pisilsil i pikowan no Dipong to Taywan. Itira sa i Netherland a mikowan dengan sa o no kasaniyaro’ a ngangan, oraan sa ko pidoedoan kasasilsil no sa’etal, masa’isal ko pinapina sa’etal no finacadan. Ono i Mancin ni Huang Shujing to “Fansu liukao” a tilid i, malecad to pakayni kasasilsil a palaan misiiked a 13 niyaro’ ko yincumin funacadan.

Tangasa no Dipongan a to’ak, ona Ino Yoshinori, awaya den'nojo a “Taiwan yicumin mondai” (1900) a tilidan itiya to madadoedo ko pisilsil misiiked, ikor to ni Ino Yoshinori a “Taiwan yincumin seici” (1900) a tilidan, itiya masalof ko kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan, kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan ira: Ketagalan, Kavalan, Taokas, Pazih, Papora, Babuza, Arikun, Lloa, Siraya, Makattao 10 finacadan.

Oni Ino Yoshinori a nisiikedan kadadoedo o kacipinangan to pidoedoan, ona Igawa Kazo, Ogawa Tadayoshi, Mabuchi Toichi o pasadakay to kasasiiked siroma no pisilsil (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b). o kalaliyangan ira ko pinapina:

Pakayni to na 2 finacadan Arikun ato Lloa o papalacecayen ko finacadan: o roma a hakasi pasilacecay han koni 2 finacadan, o Hoanya a finacadan han saan. Nika midotoc to no hakasi ca Yung Kayin and Chung Yulan a pisapinang i, paretatenga to Hoanya alatek o nano Folaohua (Fan) a moraraway ko pipasetek. Ono finacadan to inika sasiroma no pihamon, pako niyah sa ko paratatenga.

’Eca ko malecaday to no Ketagalan a finacadan, ano eca padoedoen ho ko pisiiked. Pakayni to sowalan hakasi ca Tsuchida Shigeru aci Lee Inkee paretatenga a nisowalan, oya Ketagalan finacadan salongan malitoloay kasasiroma no sowal saan: Basay, Leilang ato Kulon. Oya Siraiya, Taivoan ato Makattao o masasiromaay ano eca o cecay a finacadan. Tangasa anini o ’alomanay a hakasi a midoedoan tono mikarkaray to notamdawan, sowalan ato lodisan masapinang, patongal no finacadan pihamon to niyah, paretatenga o na toloay ngasaw o masasiromaay caayay kalecad a yincuminco[13][14][15][16][17][18].   

Oni Ikawako no Zang itiniay ni Ino Kasunori saceker mapacomod ko Thao finacadan, o nano Pinpu finacadan ano eca o kaosanco finacadan.

==== Ikoray no kalalood a pisiiked (戰後的分類) ====
Pinapina mihecaan, no hakasi sakiPinpu finacadan a pisiiked, ira to ko fa’elohay a nengneng. No Dipong a hakasi ci Tsuchida Shigeru i 1985 mihecaan misiikedan (nengneng Tsuchida 1985), masiiked ko Pinpu finacadan to 12 finacadan: oya Kavalan, Basay, Ketagalan, Kulon, Taokas, Pazih, Papora, Babuza, Hoanya, Siraya, Makattao, Taivoan a finacadan.

Oni Li Yiyuan misiikedan to Pinpu finacadan masiiked 10 finacadan, oya Kavalan, Kentagalan, Luilang, Taokas, Papora, Babiza, Hoanya, Pazeh, Suisalien(Thau), Siraya finacadan[19]:14.  

Taywan sowalan hakasi ci Li Rengui ira ko masasiromaay a nengneng, nai 1996 miheca “Taywan Pinpu finacadan kasasiiked ato kasasikihar masiiked” a tilid, pasadak to 7 finacadan 14 ko sangasaw a nengneng: Thau, Kavalan, Ketagalan [5], Baburan [6], Pazih, Hoanya, Siraya. Ikor pakayni i sowal fa’elohay kasapinang, I 2006 miheca ato 2010 miheca mihapiw to nitilidan, oya Taivoan ato Makattao nai kaetipay Siraya amasadak[13][14].   </text>
      <sha1>fzizkbp4h8trk55voadbitz94r9rmmo</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>46894</id>
      <parentid>46893</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-07-07T01:06:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Masaonikar</username>
        <id>570</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Ikoray no kalalood a pisiiked (戰後的分類) */</comment>
      <origin>46894</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="11875" sha1="a2hi9svhnqmjra8zqrbrye2z581lpp3" xml:space="preserve">== Pinpu finacadan (平埔族群) ==
Pinpu finacadan, to hatiniay Pinpoco han ko pitahidang, o pisiiked to sapikown to yincumin no Taywan a tahidang koni[2]. O roma a tahidang o Kaosancu; ikor midoedo to mikingkiway, ponkaan, itiya a mafana’ to o ’alomanay a finacadan caay ko cecayay a finacadan sato, anini falican ko pitahidang o Pinpocu fuinacadan hanto. Oya ’alomanay Pinpuco finacadan tangsa anini caay ho haydaen no Conghuaminko sifo o yincuminco caira, dengan oya pakapian i ’Amis finacadan a Kavalan finacadan.

Pinpu finacadan i’ayaw no pikowan no netherland, spain itiya o “Aporicini-アボリジニ” han ko pitahidang; pikowan to no Mancin i, saheto o mapalatamdaway, maecakay finacadan[1], ato Nama no fan, wairudona fan sanay ko pasasi’ayaw[3]:12. Orasaka o Cori sareta, Aporicini-アボリジニ itiraay i “Dafdafay pala” (Pingti caopu), samasa o sowal pangangan o Pingpuah, Pucirin, Pingpufan (Payrang: Pi-poo-hoan; Inkiris Pepohoan[4][5][6]), onini “Pinpu” a sowal todong “Dafdaf” ano eca “enaray” sanay ko todong no sowal[7].

Tangasa to pikowan no Dipong a to’ek “Taywan Fancin demak” a tilidan o yincumin malitosa Kaosancu, Pinpuco[3]:13, kasaniyaro’ a Pinpuco finacadan ona palowaday to pifalic pala “Tongninco” sanay a syakay onto[5][8]. Tangasa no Conghuaminko to’ek a mikowan miteka o rayray no Pinpuco malasawaday to ko finacadan harateng, caay to pala o yincuminco cangra; ikor makerih to ko mikingkiway t ofinacadan no Taywan, onini likisi no Pinpuco miteka a masafaloco’ no syakay, nika o Pinpuco a finacadan ona oya “Pinpuco” koni finacadan, saan to ikor miliyaw a misilsil to kasasiiked masiroma[2][3]:18.

O Saisiyat ato Thao finadan ona nipacomodan i Pinpu a finacadan, nengnengen “Pinpuco”, “mapalatamdaway”, “maecakay finacadan” ato “manta’ finacadan” sanay ko pisiiked, onini o sakanga’ay no papotalay mikowan, caayay pidotoc to no yincuminco i nihamonan no niyah konini pisiiked, saka aniniay a pipangangan no Pinpu ano eca palowad to ngangan a onto. Tangasa 2022 miheca 10 folad 28 romi’ad, ono Conghuaminko kimpo a hoyin saki Silaya finacadan to kacingangan no yincumin a demak i, mihapiw to itiyaay ho “Rikec no kacingangan no yincumin” o caayay ka tatodong i kimpo, patodongen to tolo miheca ko pisalofan, mihayda to no Kaosancu a pisingsi malayincuminco o nano Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no Taywan, midotoc a pakayni sakacingangan nai tatapangan no rikec ko Pinpu finacadan[9].  

=== Likisi (歷史)   ===
O Pinpu a finacadan nai ’ayaw 17 sician katayni no Payrang i Taywan i, malesap nai ka’amis Yilan, Kilong tangasa katimol mililisay to saetip a riyar a dafdaf a sera, itira ira ko kasasiromaan no ponka, sowal, niyaro’ ko pihamon a saniyaro’an no sa’opo.

Pinpu a fuinacadan ka’amis nai Suaw ato Tayal a kasasilaed, katimol nai Fanliaw ato Paiwanfinacadan malalaed, ikor maepec no Payrang o roma i malinah tayra roma a pala, matiya o Hengcun, Puli, Kalingko Posong.

=== Pakayraan no sowal (詞源) ===
“Pinpu” a sowal a padotocan, manga’ay so’edacen nai Cingcao Yongceng pikowan Huangsujin “Taihai sicalu” (ikor no 1742 miheca), onini a tilid masowal ko “kasa Pinpu a saniyaro’” a sowal, ikor nai ci Chen Lunjiong a “Haikuo wencienlu” (1731 miheca) ira masadak ko “Pinpu yincumin” a sowal[3]:13.

Nawhani o ponka no yincumin macacofelay i no Payrang a finacadan, orasaka i ’ayaway no Payrang a rayray no likisi no Taywan masowal ko “Fan” [3]. Nai “Fan” a tilidan, pahecian a sowal a minengneng, “Fan” oya “macengelay” ato “omah” patatekoan, o maomahay a tamdaw sanay ko pitoro’, matiniay ko sa’orip. Nika, itini i romaay finacadan konengneng, “Fan” iraay ko mipelesay, miepecay a sowal[11].

I’ayaw yincumin no Taywan dengan o “niyaro’” ko iraay awaay ko “finacadan” sanay a latrkan[3]:12, orasaka o niyaro’ sato ko pitahidang. Tinako: Tacia kawaliay niyaro’ (tongsya) ato Tacia kaetipay niyaro’ “sisya” maro’ay, sacisowal sato o Tasya a tamdaw. O Pinpu finacadan ano eca Pinpu maecakay finacadan sanay a sowal i matiliday, o sapisiiked toya mangta’ay finacadan ato malafelay finacadan ato lotokay finacadan sanay ko pasasiromaan.

Talacawa nai 18 sician matilid no Mancin o Maecakay a Pinpu sanay ko pitahidang, mika itira i 19 sician mangalef ko nikasowal[4]. Rahodayen ko sowal, i 18 sician matilid o “Pinpu fan”, “Pinpu maecakay fan”, o patoro’ to itiraay i dafdafay no Pintong, dafdafay no Yilan, dafdafay no Posong ato dafdafay no Hengcun a yincumin finacadan. So’elinen ko sowal, o nisowalan no mita anini oya “Pinpu finacadan” tosaay ko pisimed to sasowalen: “Pinpu” ato “Maecakay finacadan”. O cecay a sowal “Pinpu” malifong i kasaniyaro’, oya “maecakay a finacadan” o sowal no mikowanay; nika soelinay, naikoran no Mancin, “Pinpu”, “Maecakay finacadan” itiraay i kasasiroma no finacadan, o mirarakatay a sdowal koni a pitahidang. O pisetek malecaday o pisiiked to sasiroma no sa’etal, tinako itiraay i Hencun, “Maecakay finacadan” snay a pisetek to micamolay to Payrang ato Yincumin, saka “Maecakay finacadan” a niyaro’ han ko pitahidang.  

=== Kasasiiked (分類) ===
Talacowa naira ko tamdawan, kasasiromaroma no tamdaw itiya to masasikihar ko ira ko “sasiiked no rocok”. Nika, kaira no tamdaw ira ko “finacadan” ato “finawlan” ko pisiiked to tamdaw o ikoray to ko nian, mangalef piteka no i’ayaw no 100 miheca picalap no micingcingay ato misatekeday ko pikowanan ho itiya. O Taywan saheto o “masiikeday ko finacadan” saka matiniay ko kamatira no to’ekan mapalowan.  

Ka Dipongan no Taywan o mitakedan a micowat ko pikowan to Taywan itiya, o patodong no pikowan, o pisapinangaw misolap ato sapinang to finacadan ato sera no Taywan, saan micowat misaiked to fanacadan no Taywan ko tayal (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b); tinako oya tayniay nai congko a Minan sa’etal a Ngayngay tamdaw palaPayrangen, ’ayaway nano Ngayngay palaNgayngayen ko pakika.

Miteka, hakasi no Dipong paretatenga oya maro’ay i dafdaf a Pinpu finacadan a yincumin malaPayrang to, dengan to oya “Pinpu finacadan” ano eca “Pinpufan” a nisowalan o pihaop aca, oya nisiikedan a finacadan palao “Takayamacu” patodong. Ikor, o hakasi no Dipong to mamalasawad a ponka no Pinpu finacadan ira to ko masatalolongay a nikafana’an saka, nanoya oya nisowalan a “Pinpu finacadan”, so’elinen halo adihayay kasasiroma no sowal, kasasiroma a ponka no finacadan.

Nikawrira, ’ayaw no 90 no mihecaan, o hakasi sakiPinpu finacadan masasiroma ko pisiiked, ira ko 7 finacadan 14 sangasaw, ira ko 8 finacadan, 9 finacadan, 10 finacadan, 12 finacadan sanay (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b).

Midotoc to aniniay mikingkiway pahecian, saki “Pinpu finacadan”, “Takayamacu” a kasasiiked, caay ko tataparan sanay masasiiked ko finawlan, o nano nai 17 sician ko nisanga’an a likisi, nawhani kasafinacadan a ’orip a sofal ato Palapayrangan a ko saka milafotay to calay. Roma a sowal, o nian “Pinpu finacadan” a kasasiroma no ponka, latek ikaka to cecay no “Pinpucu” ato cecay no “Takasakoco” a kasasiroma, o cecay no “Pinpu finacadan” ato cecay no “Takasako finacadan” latek oya cecayay a finacadan. Tinako sasowalen, nai sowal ato ponka ko pinengneng, samangataay to no ’Amis finacadan a Slaya, Taman ato Makataw finacadan no Taywan a Pinpu finacadan; o sowal ato Saysiyak finacadan mangata to Loylon finacadan no yincuminco.

=== Pakayraan no finacadan (族源) ===
Midoedo to no aniniay nipikingkiw misaheci, pakayraan no Pinpuco a ponka saheto o nai Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no Taywan. Onini a finacadan malesap itini i Taypinyang ato Intoyang, samaraayay manga’ay rapoten koya maraayay to Taywan a Easter Island ato Madagascar.

Dotocen ko kaitiraan, o itiraay i paka’amisay a finacadan no Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan i Taywan ko Pinpu a finacadan. So’elinen o I’ayaway no fa’elohay fokelohan a to’ek ko kaira ano eca talahakel i Taywan ko Pinpu finacadan, o nano mikiriyaray a finacadan. O piwacay no Yincuminco wiyinhuy to yincuminco no Taywan ato Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no hekal a kasakihar i pahapinang to o “nao Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan ko finacadan no Taywan, sakitamdawan ono Malay a tamdawan saka, o paka’amisay no Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan ko Taywan” saan[12].

==== No kaDipongan to’ek a pisilsil (日治時期的分類) ====
Saki Pinpu finacadan a pisilisil, awaay ko masongila’ay a kadadoedo no pisilsil i pikowan no Dipong to Taywan. Itira sa i Netherland a mikowan dengan sa o no kasaniyaro’ a ngangan, oraan sa ko pidoedoan kasasilsil no sa’etal, masa’isal ko pinapina sa’etal no finacadan. Ono i Mancin ni Huang Shujing to “Fansu liukao” a tilid i, malecad to pakayni kasasilsil a palaan misiiked a 13 niyaro’ ko yincumin funacadan.

Tangasa no Dipongan a to’ak, ona Ino Yoshinori, awaya den'nojo a “Taiwan yicumin mondai” (1900) a tilidan itiya to madadoedo ko pisilsil misiiked, ikor to ni Ino Yoshinori a “Taiwan yincumin seici” (1900) a tilidan, itiya masalof ko kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan, kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan ira: Ketagalan, Kavalan, Taokas, Pazih, Papora, Babuza, Arikun, Lloa, Siraya, Makattao 10 finacadan.

Oni Ino Yoshinori a nisiikedan kadadoedo o kacipinangan to pidoedoan, ona Igawa Kazo, Ogawa Tadayoshi, Mabuchi Toichi o pasadakay to kasasiiked siroma no pisilsil (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b). o kalaliyangan ira ko pinapina:

Pakayni to na 2 finacadan Arikun ato Lloa o papalacecayen ko finacadan: o roma a hakasi pasilacecay han koni 2 finacadan, o Hoanya a finacadan han saan. Nika midotoc to no hakasi ca Yung Kayin and Chung Yulan a pisapinang i, paretatenga to Hoanya alatek o nano Folaohua (Fan) a moraraway ko pipasetek. Ono finacadan to inika sasiroma no pihamon, pako niyah sa ko paratatenga.

’Eca ko malecaday to no Ketagalan a finacadan, ano eca padoedoen ho ko pisiiked. Pakayni to sowalan hakasi ca Tsuchida Shigeru aci Lee Inkee paretatenga a nisowalan, oya Ketagalan finacadan salongan malitoloay kasasiroma no sowal saan: Basay, Leilang ato Kulon. Oya Siraiya, Taivoan ato Makattao o masasiromaay ano eca o cecay a finacadan. Tangasa anini o ’alomanay a hakasi a midoedoan tono mikarkaray to notamdawan, sowalan ato lodisan masapinang, patongal no finacadan pihamon to niyah, paretatenga o na toloay ngasaw o masasiromaay caayay kalecad a yincuminco[13][14][15][16][17][18].   

Oni Ikawako no Zang itiniay ni Ino Kasunori saceker mapacomod ko Thao finacadan, o nano Pinpu finacadan ano eca o kaosanco finacadan.

==== Ikoray no kalalood a pisiiked (戰後的分類) ====
Pinapina mihecaan, no hakasi sakiPinpu finacadan a pisiiked, ira to ko fa’elohay a nengneng. No Dipong a hakasi ci Tsuchida Shigeru i 1985 mihecaan misiikedan (nengneng Tsuchida 1985), masiiked ko Pinpu finacadan to 12 finacadan: oya Kavalan, Basay, Ketagalan, Kulon, Taokas, Pazih, Papora, Babuza, Hoanya, Siraya, Makattao, Taivoan a finacadan.

Oni Li Yiyuan misiikedan to Pinpu finacadan masiiked 10 finacadan, oya Kavalan, Kentagalan, Luilang, Taokas, Papora, Babiza, Hoanya, Pazeh, Suisalien(Thau), Siraya finacadan[19]:14.  

Taywan sowalan hakasi ci Li Rengui ira ko masasiromaay a nengneng, nai 1996 miheca “Taywan Pinpu finacadan kasasiiked ato kasasikihar masiiked” a tilid, pasadak to 7 finacadan 14 ko sangasaw a nengneng: Thau, Kavalan, Ketagalan [5], Baburan [6], Pazih, Hoanya, Siraya. Ikor pakayni i sowal fa’elohay kasapinang, I 2006 miheca ato 2010 miheca mihapiw to nitilidan, oya Taivoan ato Makattao nai kaetipay Siraya amasadak[13][14].   

=== Kasamihecaan kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan. (歷年平埔族群分類)[20][21][22][23] ===</text>
      <sha1>a2hi9svhnqmjra8zqrbrye2z581lpp3</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>46895</id>
      <parentid>46894</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-07-07T01:07:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Masaonikar</username>
        <id>570</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Kasamihecaan kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan. (歷年平埔族群分類)[20][21][22][23] */</comment>
      <origin>46895</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="15710" sha1="skis7u5wbg9ietc362kd1baiv3qc7tq" xml:space="preserve">== Pinpu finacadan (平埔族群) ==
Pinpu finacadan, to hatiniay Pinpoco han ko pitahidang, o pisiiked to sapikown to yincumin no Taywan a tahidang koni[2]. O roma a tahidang o Kaosancu; ikor midoedo to mikingkiway, ponkaan, itiya a mafana’ to o ’alomanay a finacadan caay ko cecayay a finacadan sato, anini falican ko pitahidang o Pinpocu fuinacadan hanto. Oya ’alomanay Pinpuco finacadan tangsa anini caay ho haydaen no Conghuaminko sifo o yincuminco caira, dengan oya pakapian i ’Amis finacadan a Kavalan finacadan.

Pinpu finacadan i’ayaw no pikowan no netherland, spain itiya o “Aporicini-アボリジニ” han ko pitahidang; pikowan to no Mancin i, saheto o mapalatamdaway, maecakay finacadan[1], ato Nama no fan, wairudona fan sanay ko pasasi’ayaw[3]:12. Orasaka o Cori sareta, Aporicini-アボリジニ itiraay i “Dafdafay pala” (Pingti caopu), samasa o sowal pangangan o Pingpuah, Pucirin, Pingpufan (Payrang: Pi-poo-hoan; Inkiris Pepohoan[4][5][6]), onini “Pinpu” a sowal todong “Dafdaf” ano eca “enaray” sanay ko todong no sowal[7].

Tangasa to pikowan no Dipong a to’ek “Taywan Fancin demak” a tilidan o yincumin malitosa Kaosancu, Pinpuco[3]:13, kasaniyaro’ a Pinpuco finacadan ona palowaday to pifalic pala “Tongninco” sanay a syakay onto[5][8]. Tangasa no Conghuaminko to’ek a mikowan miteka o rayray no Pinpuco malasawaday to ko finacadan harateng, caay to pala o yincuminco cangra; ikor makerih to ko mikingkiway t ofinacadan no Taywan, onini likisi no Pinpuco miteka a masafaloco’ no syakay, nika o Pinpuco a finacadan ona oya “Pinpuco” koni finacadan, saan to ikor miliyaw a misilsil to kasasiiked masiroma[2][3]:18.

O Saisiyat ato Thao finadan ona nipacomodan i Pinpu a finacadan, nengnengen “Pinpuco”, “mapalatamdaway”, “maecakay finacadan” ato “manta’ finacadan” sanay ko pisiiked, onini o sakanga’ay no papotalay mikowan, caayay pidotoc to no yincuminco i nihamonan no niyah konini pisiiked, saka aniniay a pipangangan no Pinpu ano eca palowad to ngangan a onto. Tangasa 2022 miheca 10 folad 28 romi’ad, ono Conghuaminko kimpo a hoyin saki Silaya finacadan to kacingangan no yincumin a demak i, mihapiw to itiyaay ho “Rikec no kacingangan no yincumin” o caayay ka tatodong i kimpo, patodongen to tolo miheca ko pisalofan, mihayda to no Kaosancu a pisingsi malayincuminco o nano Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no Taywan, midotoc a pakayni sakacingangan nai tatapangan no rikec ko Pinpu finacadan[9].  

=== Likisi (歷史)   ===
O Pinpu a finacadan nai ’ayaw 17 sician katayni no Payrang i Taywan i, malesap nai ka’amis Yilan, Kilong tangasa katimol mililisay to saetip a riyar a dafdaf a sera, itira ira ko kasasiromaan no ponka, sowal, niyaro’ ko pihamon a saniyaro’an no sa’opo.

Pinpu a fuinacadan ka’amis nai Suaw ato Tayal a kasasilaed, katimol nai Fanliaw ato Paiwanfinacadan malalaed, ikor maepec no Payrang o roma i malinah tayra roma a pala, matiya o Hengcun, Puli, Kalingko Posong.

=== Pakayraan no sowal (詞源) ===
“Pinpu” a sowal a padotocan, manga’ay so’edacen nai Cingcao Yongceng pikowan Huangsujin “Taihai sicalu” (ikor no 1742 miheca), onini a tilid masowal ko “kasa Pinpu a saniyaro’” a sowal, ikor nai ci Chen Lunjiong a “Haikuo wencienlu” (1731 miheca) ira masadak ko “Pinpu yincumin” a sowal[3]:13.

Nawhani o ponka no yincumin macacofelay i no Payrang a finacadan, orasaka i ’ayaway no Payrang a rayray no likisi no Taywan masowal ko “Fan” [3]. Nai “Fan” a tilidan, pahecian a sowal a minengneng, “Fan” oya “macengelay” ato “omah” patatekoan, o maomahay a tamdaw sanay ko pitoro’, matiniay ko sa’orip. Nika, itini i romaay finacadan konengneng, “Fan” iraay ko mipelesay, miepecay a sowal[11].

I’ayaw yincumin no Taywan dengan o “niyaro’” ko iraay awaay ko “finacadan” sanay a latrkan[3]:12, orasaka o niyaro’ sato ko pitahidang. Tinako: Tacia kawaliay niyaro’ (tongsya) ato Tacia kaetipay niyaro’ “sisya” maro’ay, sacisowal sato o Tasya a tamdaw. O Pinpu finacadan ano eca Pinpu maecakay finacadan sanay a sowal i matiliday, o sapisiiked toya mangta’ay finacadan ato malafelay finacadan ato lotokay finacadan sanay ko pasasiromaan.

Talacawa nai 18 sician matilid no Mancin o Maecakay a Pinpu sanay ko pitahidang, mika itira i 19 sician mangalef ko nikasowal[4]. Rahodayen ko sowal, i 18 sician matilid o “Pinpu fan”, “Pinpu maecakay fan”, o patoro’ to itiraay i dafdafay no Pintong, dafdafay no Yilan, dafdafay no Posong ato dafdafay no Hengcun a yincumin finacadan. So’elinen ko sowal, o nisowalan no mita anini oya “Pinpu finacadan” tosaay ko pisimed to sasowalen: “Pinpu” ato “Maecakay finacadan”. O cecay a sowal “Pinpu” malifong i kasaniyaro’, oya “maecakay a finacadan” o sowal no mikowanay; nika soelinay, naikoran no Mancin, “Pinpu”, “Maecakay finacadan” itiraay i kasasiroma no finacadan, o mirarakatay a sdowal koni a pitahidang. O pisetek malecaday o pisiiked to sasiroma no sa’etal, tinako itiraay i Hencun, “Maecakay finacadan” snay a pisetek to micamolay to Payrang ato Yincumin, saka “Maecakay finacadan” a niyaro’ han ko pitahidang.  

=== Kasasiiked (分類) ===
Talacowa naira ko tamdawan, kasasiromaroma no tamdaw itiya to masasikihar ko ira ko “sasiiked no rocok”. Nika, kaira no tamdaw ira ko “finacadan” ato “finawlan” ko pisiiked to tamdaw o ikoray to ko nian, mangalef piteka no i’ayaw no 100 miheca picalap no micingcingay ato misatekeday ko pikowanan ho itiya. O Taywan saheto o “masiikeday ko finacadan” saka matiniay ko kamatira no to’ekan mapalowan.  

Ka Dipongan no Taywan o mitakedan a micowat ko pikowan to Taywan itiya, o patodong no pikowan, o pisapinangaw misolap ato sapinang to finacadan ato sera no Taywan, saan micowat misaiked to fanacadan no Taywan ko tayal (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b); tinako oya tayniay nai congko a Minan sa’etal a Ngayngay tamdaw palaPayrangen, ’ayaway nano Ngayngay palaNgayngayen ko pakika.

Miteka, hakasi no Dipong paretatenga oya maro’ay i dafdaf a Pinpu finacadan a yincumin malaPayrang to, dengan to oya “Pinpu finacadan” ano eca “Pinpufan” a nisowalan o pihaop aca, oya nisiikedan a finacadan palao “Takayamacu” patodong. Ikor, o hakasi no Dipong to mamalasawad a ponka no Pinpu finacadan ira to ko masatalolongay a nikafana’an saka, nanoya oya nisowalan a “Pinpu finacadan”, so’elinen halo adihayay kasasiroma no sowal, kasasiroma a ponka no finacadan.

Nikawrira, ’ayaw no 90 no mihecaan, o hakasi sakiPinpu finacadan masasiroma ko pisiiked, ira ko 7 finacadan 14 sangasaw, ira ko 8 finacadan, 9 finacadan, 10 finacadan, 12 finacadan sanay (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b).

Midotoc to aniniay mikingkiway pahecian, saki “Pinpu finacadan”, “Takayamacu” a kasasiiked, caay ko tataparan sanay masasiiked ko finawlan, o nano nai 17 sician ko nisanga’an a likisi, nawhani kasafinacadan a ’orip a sofal ato Palapayrangan a ko saka milafotay to calay. Roma a sowal, o nian “Pinpu finacadan” a kasasiroma no ponka, latek ikaka to cecay no “Pinpucu” ato cecay no “Takasakoco” a kasasiroma, o cecay no “Pinpu finacadan” ato cecay no “Takasako finacadan” latek oya cecayay a finacadan. Tinako sasowalen, nai sowal ato ponka ko pinengneng, samangataay to no ’Amis finacadan a Slaya, Taman ato Makataw finacadan no Taywan a Pinpu finacadan; o sowal ato Saysiyak finacadan mangata to Loylon finacadan no yincuminco.

=== Pakayraan no finacadan (族源) ===
Midoedo to no aniniay nipikingkiw misaheci, pakayraan no Pinpuco a ponka saheto o nai Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no Taywan. Onini a finacadan malesap itini i Taypinyang ato Intoyang, samaraayay manga’ay rapoten koya maraayay to Taywan a Easter Island ato Madagascar.

Dotocen ko kaitiraan, o itiraay i paka’amisay a finacadan no Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan i Taywan ko Pinpu a finacadan. So’elinen o I’ayaway no fa’elohay fokelohan a to’ek ko kaira ano eca talahakel i Taywan ko Pinpu finacadan, o nano mikiriyaray a finacadan. O piwacay no Yincuminco wiyinhuy to yincuminco no Taywan ato Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no hekal a kasakihar i pahapinang to o “nao Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan ko finacadan no Taywan, sakitamdawan ono Malay a tamdawan saka, o paka’amisay no Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan ko Taywan” saan[12].

==== No kaDipongan to’ek a pisilsil (日治時期的分類) ====
Saki Pinpu finacadan a pisilisil, awaay ko masongila’ay a kadadoedo no pisilsil i pikowan no Dipong to Taywan. Itira sa i Netherland a mikowan dengan sa o no kasaniyaro’ a ngangan, oraan sa ko pidoedoan kasasilsil no sa’etal, masa’isal ko pinapina sa’etal no finacadan. Ono i Mancin ni Huang Shujing to “Fansu liukao” a tilid i, malecad to pakayni kasasilsil a palaan misiiked a 13 niyaro’ ko yincumin funacadan.

Tangasa no Dipongan a to’ak, ona Ino Yoshinori, awaya den'nojo a “Taiwan yicumin mondai” (1900) a tilidan itiya to madadoedo ko pisilsil misiiked, ikor to ni Ino Yoshinori a “Taiwan yincumin seici” (1900) a tilidan, itiya masalof ko kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan, kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan ira: Ketagalan, Kavalan, Taokas, Pazih, Papora, Babuza, Arikun, Lloa, Siraya, Makattao 10 finacadan.

Oni Ino Yoshinori a nisiikedan kadadoedo o kacipinangan to pidoedoan, ona Igawa Kazo, Ogawa Tadayoshi, Mabuchi Toichi o pasadakay to kasasiiked siroma no pisilsil (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b). o kalaliyangan ira ko pinapina:

Pakayni to na 2 finacadan Arikun ato Lloa o papalacecayen ko finacadan: o roma a hakasi pasilacecay han koni 2 finacadan, o Hoanya a finacadan han saan. Nika midotoc to no hakasi ca Yung Kayin and Chung Yulan a pisapinang i, paretatenga to Hoanya alatek o nano Folaohua (Fan) a moraraway ko pipasetek. Ono finacadan to inika sasiroma no pihamon, pako niyah sa ko paratatenga.

’Eca ko malecaday to no Ketagalan a finacadan, ano eca padoedoen ho ko pisiiked. Pakayni to sowalan hakasi ca Tsuchida Shigeru aci Lee Inkee paretatenga a nisowalan, oya Ketagalan finacadan salongan malitoloay kasasiroma no sowal saan: Basay, Leilang ato Kulon. Oya Siraiya, Taivoan ato Makattao o masasiromaay ano eca o cecay a finacadan. Tangasa anini o ’alomanay a hakasi a midoedoan tono mikarkaray to notamdawan, sowalan ato lodisan masapinang, patongal no finacadan pihamon to niyah, paretatenga o na toloay ngasaw o masasiromaay caayay kalecad a yincuminco[13][14][15][16][17][18].   

Oni Ikawako no Zang itiniay ni Ino Kasunori saceker mapacomod ko Thao finacadan, o nano Pinpu finacadan ano eca o kaosanco finacadan.

==== Ikoray no kalalood a pisiiked (戰後的分類) ====
Pinapina mihecaan, no hakasi sakiPinpu finacadan a pisiiked, ira to ko fa’elohay a nengneng. No Dipong a hakasi ci Tsuchida Shigeru i 1985 mihecaan misiikedan (nengneng Tsuchida 1985), masiiked ko Pinpu finacadan to 12 finacadan: oya Kavalan, Basay, Ketagalan, Kulon, Taokas, Pazih, Papora, Babuza, Hoanya, Siraya, Makattao, Taivoan a finacadan.

Oni Li Yiyuan misiikedan to Pinpu finacadan masiiked 10 finacadan, oya Kavalan, Kentagalan, Luilang, Taokas, Papora, Babiza, Hoanya, Pazeh, Suisalien(Thau), Siraya finacadan[19]:14.  

Taywan sowalan hakasi ci Li Rengui ira ko masasiromaay a nengneng, nai 1996 miheca “Taywan Pinpu finacadan kasasiiked ato kasasikihar masiiked” a tilid, pasadak to 7 finacadan 14 ko sangasaw a nengneng: Thau, Kavalan, Ketagalan [5], Baburan [6], Pazih, Hoanya, Siraya. Ikor pakayni i sowal fa’elohay kasapinang, I 2006 miheca ato 2010 miheca mihapiw to nitilidan, oya Taivoan ato Makattao nai kaetipay Siraya amasadak[13][14].   

=== Kasamihecaan kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan. (歷年平埔族群分類)[20][21][22][23] ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
| colspan=&quot;19&quot; |'''歷年平埔族群分類'''
|-
|'''年代'''
|'''研究者'''
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; |'''族名'''
|-
|1904
|伊能嘉矩
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Vupuran
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Poavosa
|Arikun
|Lloa
|Pazzehe
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|Makattao
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1930
|移川子之藏
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Vupuran
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazeh
|Sao
|Tao
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1935
|小川尚義
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Vupuran
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazzehe
|Sao
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1944
|小川尚義
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|Luilang
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Papora
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazeh
|Sao
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1951
|張耀錡
|卡瓦蘭

（Kavalan）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |凱達格蘭

（Ketagalan）
|道卡斯

（Taokas）
|拍瀑拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴布薩

（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
|拍宰海

（Pazeh）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |西拉雅

（Siraya）
|四社熟番

（Taivoan）
|-
|1955
|李亦園
|噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|雷朗

（Luilang）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |凱達格蘭

（Ketagalan）
|道卡斯

（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |貓霧拺

（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |和安雅

（Hoanya）
|巴則海

（Pazeh）
|水沙連
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1970
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |台灣省通志
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |卡瓦蘭

（Kavalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |凱達格蘭

（Ketagalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |道卡斯

（Taokas）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |拍瀑拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴布薩

（Babuza／Poavasa）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅（Hoanya）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴則海

（Pazeh／Pazex）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
|Arikun
|Lloa
|馬卡道
|西拉雅
|四社熟番
|-
|1985-1991
|土田滋
|Kavalan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ketagalan
|Basay
|Kulon
|Taokas
|Papora
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazzahe
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|Makatao
|Siraya
|Taivoan
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1991
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |李壬癸
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |凱達格蘭（Ketagalan）
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |巴布薩（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴則海

（Pazeh）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |邵

（Thao）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
|雷朗（Luilang）
|哆囉美遠

（Trobian）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴賽（Basay）
|道卡斯（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
|貓霧拺（Babuza）
|費佛朗

（Favorlang）
|Makatao
|Siraya
|Taivoan
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1996
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |李壬癸
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |猴猴

（Qauqaut）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |凱達格蘭（Ketagalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |龜崙

（Kulon）
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |巴布蘭（Baburan）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴則海

（Pazeh）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |邵

（Thao）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
|雷朗（Luilang）
|哆囉美遠

（Trobian）
|馬賽（Basay）
|道卡斯（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
|貓霧拺（Babuza）
|費佛朗

（Favorlang）
|馬卡道（Makatao）
|西拉雅（Siraya）
|四社熟番（Taivoan）
|-
|2006-2010
|李壬癸
|噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |巴賽（凱達格蘭）

（Basay (Ketagalan)）
|龜崙

（Kulon）
|道卡斯

（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |貓霧拺（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
|巴宰

（Pazih）
|邵

（Thao）
|馬卡道（Makatao）
|西拉雅（Siraya）
|大武壠（Taivoan）
|}</text>
      <sha1>skis7u5wbg9ietc362kd1baiv3qc7tq</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>46896</id>
      <parentid>46895</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-07-07T01:08:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Masaonikar</username>
        <id>570</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Kasamihecaan kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan. (歷年平埔族群分類)[20][21][22][23] */</comment>
      <origin>46896</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="15758" sha1="atdqx8qtz5jm38pmg5ct64ay6ok35lz" xml:space="preserve">== Pinpu finacadan (平埔族群) ==
Pinpu finacadan, to hatiniay Pinpoco han ko pitahidang, o pisiiked to sapikown to yincumin no Taywan a tahidang koni[2]. O roma a tahidang o Kaosancu; ikor midoedo to mikingkiway, ponkaan, itiya a mafana’ to o ’alomanay a finacadan caay ko cecayay a finacadan sato, anini falican ko pitahidang o Pinpocu fuinacadan hanto. Oya ’alomanay Pinpuco finacadan tangsa anini caay ho haydaen no Conghuaminko sifo o yincuminco caira, dengan oya pakapian i ’Amis finacadan a Kavalan finacadan.

Pinpu finacadan i’ayaw no pikowan no netherland, spain itiya o “Aporicini-アボリジニ” han ko pitahidang; pikowan to no Mancin i, saheto o mapalatamdaway, maecakay finacadan[1], ato Nama no fan, wairudona fan sanay ko pasasi’ayaw[3]:12. Orasaka o Cori sareta, Aporicini-アボリジニ itiraay i “Dafdafay pala” (Pingti caopu), samasa o sowal pangangan o Pingpuah, Pucirin, Pingpufan (Payrang: Pi-poo-hoan; Inkiris Pepohoan[4][5][6]), onini “Pinpu” a sowal todong “Dafdaf” ano eca “enaray” sanay ko todong no sowal[7].

Tangasa to pikowan no Dipong a to’ek “Taywan Fancin demak” a tilidan o yincumin malitosa Kaosancu, Pinpuco[3]:13, kasaniyaro’ a Pinpuco finacadan ona palowaday to pifalic pala “Tongninco” sanay a syakay onto[5][8]. Tangasa no Conghuaminko to’ek a mikowan miteka o rayray no Pinpuco malasawaday to ko finacadan harateng, caay to pala o yincuminco cangra; ikor makerih to ko mikingkiway t ofinacadan no Taywan, onini likisi no Pinpuco miteka a masafaloco’ no syakay, nika o Pinpuco a finacadan ona oya “Pinpuco” koni finacadan, saan to ikor miliyaw a misilsil to kasasiiked masiroma[2][3]:18.

O Saisiyat ato Thao finadan ona nipacomodan i Pinpu a finacadan, nengnengen “Pinpuco”, “mapalatamdaway”, “maecakay finacadan” ato “manta’ finacadan” sanay ko pisiiked, onini o sakanga’ay no papotalay mikowan, caayay pidotoc to no yincuminco i nihamonan no niyah konini pisiiked, saka aniniay a pipangangan no Pinpu ano eca palowad to ngangan a onto. Tangasa 2022 miheca 10 folad 28 romi’ad, ono Conghuaminko kimpo a hoyin saki Silaya finacadan to kacingangan no yincumin a demak i, mihapiw to itiyaay ho “Rikec no kacingangan no yincumin” o caayay ka tatodong i kimpo, patodongen to tolo miheca ko pisalofan, mihayda to no Kaosancu a pisingsi malayincuminco o nano Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no Taywan, midotoc a pakayni sakacingangan nai tatapangan no rikec ko Pinpu finacadan[9].  

=== Likisi (歷史)   ===
O Pinpu a finacadan nai ’ayaw 17 sician katayni no Payrang i Taywan i, malesap nai ka’amis Yilan, Kilong tangasa katimol mililisay to saetip a riyar a dafdaf a sera, itira ira ko kasasiromaan no ponka, sowal, niyaro’ ko pihamon a saniyaro’an no sa’opo.

Pinpu a fuinacadan ka’amis nai Suaw ato Tayal a kasasilaed, katimol nai Fanliaw ato Paiwanfinacadan malalaed, ikor maepec no Payrang o roma i malinah tayra roma a pala, matiya o Hengcun, Puli, Kalingko Posong.

=== Pakayraan no sowal (詞源) ===
“Pinpu” a sowal a padotocan, manga’ay so’edacen nai Cingcao Yongceng pikowan Huangsujin “Taihai sicalu” (ikor no 1742 miheca), onini a tilid masowal ko “kasa Pinpu a saniyaro’” a sowal, ikor nai ci Chen Lunjiong a “Haikuo wencienlu” (1731 miheca) ira masadak ko “Pinpu yincumin” a sowal[3]:13.

Nawhani o ponka no yincumin macacofelay i no Payrang a finacadan, orasaka i ’ayaway no Payrang a rayray no likisi no Taywan masowal ko “Fan” [3]. Nai “Fan” a tilidan, pahecian a sowal a minengneng, “Fan” oya “macengelay” ato “omah” patatekoan, o maomahay a tamdaw sanay ko pitoro’, matiniay ko sa’orip. Nika, itini i romaay finacadan konengneng, “Fan” iraay ko mipelesay, miepecay a sowal[11].

I’ayaw yincumin no Taywan dengan o “niyaro’” ko iraay awaay ko “finacadan” sanay a latrkan[3]:12, orasaka o niyaro’ sato ko pitahidang. Tinako: Tacia kawaliay niyaro’ (tongsya) ato Tacia kaetipay niyaro’ “sisya” maro’ay, sacisowal sato o Tasya a tamdaw. O Pinpu finacadan ano eca Pinpu maecakay finacadan sanay a sowal i matiliday, o sapisiiked toya mangta’ay finacadan ato malafelay finacadan ato lotokay finacadan sanay ko pasasiromaan.

Talacawa nai 18 sician matilid no Mancin o Maecakay a Pinpu sanay ko pitahidang, mika itira i 19 sician mangalef ko nikasowal[4]. Rahodayen ko sowal, i 18 sician matilid o “Pinpu fan”, “Pinpu maecakay fan”, o patoro’ to itiraay i dafdafay no Pintong, dafdafay no Yilan, dafdafay no Posong ato dafdafay no Hengcun a yincumin finacadan. So’elinen ko sowal, o nisowalan no mita anini oya “Pinpu finacadan” tosaay ko pisimed to sasowalen: “Pinpu” ato “Maecakay finacadan”. O cecay a sowal “Pinpu” malifong i kasaniyaro’, oya “maecakay a finacadan” o sowal no mikowanay; nika soelinay, naikoran no Mancin, “Pinpu”, “Maecakay finacadan” itiraay i kasasiroma no finacadan, o mirarakatay a sdowal koni a pitahidang. O pisetek malecaday o pisiiked to sasiroma no sa’etal, tinako itiraay i Hencun, “Maecakay finacadan” snay a pisetek to micamolay to Payrang ato Yincumin, saka “Maecakay finacadan” a niyaro’ han ko pitahidang.  

=== Kasasiiked (分類) ===
Talacowa naira ko tamdawan, kasasiromaroma no tamdaw itiya to masasikihar ko ira ko “sasiiked no rocok”. Nika, kaira no tamdaw ira ko “finacadan” ato “finawlan” ko pisiiked to tamdaw o ikoray to ko nian, mangalef piteka no i’ayaw no 100 miheca picalap no micingcingay ato misatekeday ko pikowanan ho itiya. O Taywan saheto o “masiikeday ko finacadan” saka matiniay ko kamatira no to’ekan mapalowan.  

Ka Dipongan no Taywan o mitakedan a micowat ko pikowan to Taywan itiya, o patodong no pikowan, o pisapinangaw misolap ato sapinang to finacadan ato sera no Taywan, saan micowat misaiked to fanacadan no Taywan ko tayal (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b); tinako oya tayniay nai congko a Minan sa’etal a Ngayngay tamdaw palaPayrangen, ’ayaway nano Ngayngay palaNgayngayen ko pakika.

Miteka, hakasi no Dipong paretatenga oya maro’ay i dafdaf a Pinpu finacadan a yincumin malaPayrang to, dengan to oya “Pinpu finacadan” ano eca “Pinpufan” a nisowalan o pihaop aca, oya nisiikedan a finacadan palao “Takayamacu” patodong. Ikor, o hakasi no Dipong to mamalasawad a ponka no Pinpu finacadan ira to ko masatalolongay a nikafana’an saka, nanoya oya nisowalan a “Pinpu finacadan”, so’elinen halo adihayay kasasiroma no sowal, kasasiroma a ponka no finacadan.

Nikawrira, ’ayaw no 90 no mihecaan, o hakasi sakiPinpu finacadan masasiroma ko pisiiked, ira ko 7 finacadan 14 sangasaw, ira ko 8 finacadan, 9 finacadan, 10 finacadan, 12 finacadan sanay (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b).

Midotoc to aniniay mikingkiway pahecian, saki “Pinpu finacadan”, “Takayamacu” a kasasiiked, caay ko tataparan sanay masasiiked ko finawlan, o nano nai 17 sician ko nisanga’an a likisi, nawhani kasafinacadan a ’orip a sofal ato Palapayrangan a ko saka milafotay to calay. Roma a sowal, o nian “Pinpu finacadan” a kasasiroma no ponka, latek ikaka to cecay no “Pinpucu” ato cecay no “Takasakoco” a kasasiroma, o cecay no “Pinpu finacadan” ato cecay no “Takasako finacadan” latek oya cecayay a finacadan. Tinako sasowalen, nai sowal ato ponka ko pinengneng, samangataay to no ’Amis finacadan a Slaya, Taman ato Makataw finacadan no Taywan a Pinpu finacadan; o sowal ato Saysiyak finacadan mangata to Loylon finacadan no yincuminco.

=== Pakayraan no finacadan (族源) ===
Midoedo to no aniniay nipikingkiw misaheci, pakayraan no Pinpuco a ponka saheto o nai Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no Taywan. Onini a finacadan malesap itini i Taypinyang ato Intoyang, samaraayay manga’ay rapoten koya maraayay to Taywan a Easter Island ato Madagascar.

Dotocen ko kaitiraan, o itiraay i paka’amisay a finacadan no Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan i Taywan ko Pinpu a finacadan. So’elinen o I’ayaway no fa’elohay fokelohan a to’ek ko kaira ano eca talahakel i Taywan ko Pinpu finacadan, o nano mikiriyaray a finacadan. O piwacay no Yincuminco wiyinhuy to yincuminco no Taywan ato Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no hekal a kasakihar i pahapinang to o “nao Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan ko finacadan no Taywan, sakitamdawan ono Malay a tamdawan saka, o paka’amisay no Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan ko Taywan” saan[12].

==== No kaDipongan to’ek a pisilsil (日治時期的分類) ====
Saki Pinpu finacadan a pisilisil, awaay ko masongila’ay a kadadoedo no pisilsil i pikowan no Dipong to Taywan. Itira sa i Netherland a mikowan dengan sa o no kasaniyaro’ a ngangan, oraan sa ko pidoedoan kasasilsil no sa’etal, masa’isal ko pinapina sa’etal no finacadan. Ono i Mancin ni Huang Shujing to “Fansu liukao” a tilid i, malecad to pakayni kasasilsil a palaan misiiked a 13 niyaro’ ko yincumin funacadan.

Tangasa no Dipongan a to’ak, ona Ino Yoshinori, awaya den'nojo a “Taiwan yicumin mondai” (1900) a tilidan itiya to madadoedo ko pisilsil misiiked, ikor to ni Ino Yoshinori a “Taiwan yincumin seici” (1900) a tilidan, itiya masalof ko kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan, kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan ira: Ketagalan, Kavalan, Taokas, Pazih, Papora, Babuza, Arikun, Lloa, Siraya, Makattao 10 finacadan.

Oni Ino Yoshinori a nisiikedan kadadoedo o kacipinangan to pidoedoan, ona Igawa Kazo, Ogawa Tadayoshi, Mabuchi Toichi o pasadakay to kasasiiked siroma no pisilsil (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b). o kalaliyangan ira ko pinapina:

Pakayni to na 2 finacadan Arikun ato Lloa o papalacecayen ko finacadan: o roma a hakasi pasilacecay han koni 2 finacadan, o Hoanya a finacadan han saan. Nika midotoc to no hakasi ca Yung Kayin and Chung Yulan a pisapinang i, paretatenga to Hoanya alatek o nano Folaohua (Fan) a moraraway ko pipasetek. Ono finacadan to inika sasiroma no pihamon, pako niyah sa ko paratatenga.

’Eca ko malecaday to no Ketagalan a finacadan, ano eca padoedoen ho ko pisiiked. Pakayni to sowalan hakasi ca Tsuchida Shigeru aci Lee Inkee paretatenga a nisowalan, oya Ketagalan finacadan salongan malitoloay kasasiroma no sowal saan: Basay, Leilang ato Kulon. Oya Siraiya, Taivoan ato Makattao o masasiromaay ano eca o cecay a finacadan. Tangasa anini o ’alomanay a hakasi a midoedoan tono mikarkaray to notamdawan, sowalan ato lodisan masapinang, patongal no finacadan pihamon to niyah, paretatenga o na toloay ngasaw o masasiromaay caayay kalecad a yincuminco[13][14][15][16][17][18].   

Oni Ikawako no Zang itiniay ni Ino Kasunori saceker mapacomod ko Thao finacadan, o nano Pinpu finacadan ano eca o kaosanco finacadan.

==== Ikoray no kalalood a pisiiked (戰後的分類) ====
Pinapina mihecaan, no hakasi sakiPinpu finacadan a pisiiked, ira to ko fa’elohay a nengneng. No Dipong a hakasi ci Tsuchida Shigeru i 1985 mihecaan misiikedan (nengneng Tsuchida 1985), masiiked ko Pinpu finacadan to 12 finacadan: oya Kavalan, Basay, Ketagalan, Kulon, Taokas, Pazih, Papora, Babuza, Hoanya, Siraya, Makattao, Taivoan a finacadan.

Oni Li Yiyuan misiikedan to Pinpu finacadan masiiked 10 finacadan, oya Kavalan, Kentagalan, Luilang, Taokas, Papora, Babiza, Hoanya, Pazeh, Suisalien(Thau), Siraya finacadan[19]:14.  

Taywan sowalan hakasi ci Li Rengui ira ko masasiromaay a nengneng, nai 1996 miheca “Taywan Pinpu finacadan kasasiiked ato kasasikihar masiiked” a tilid, pasadak to 7 finacadan 14 ko sangasaw a nengneng: Thau, Kavalan, Ketagalan [5], Baburan [6], Pazih, Hoanya, Siraya. Ikor pakayni i sowal fa’elohay kasapinang, I 2006 miheca ato 2010 miheca mihapiw to nitilidan, oya Taivoan ato Makattao nai kaetipay Siraya amasadak[13][14].   

=== Kasamihecaan kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan. (歷年平埔族群分類)[20][21][22][23] ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
| colspan=&quot;19&quot; |'''歷年平埔族群分類'''
|-
|'''年代'''
|'''研究者'''
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; |'''族名'''
|-
|1904
|伊能嘉矩
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Vupuran
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Poavosa
|Arikun
|Lloa
|Pazzehe
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|Makattao
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1930
|移川子之藏
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Vupuran
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazeh
|Sao
|Tao
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1935
|小川尚義
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Vupuran
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazzehe
|Sao
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1944
|小川尚義
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|Luilang
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Papora
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazeh
|Sao
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1951
|張耀錡
|卡瓦蘭

（Kavalan）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |凱達格蘭

（Ketagalan）
|道卡斯

（Taokas）
|拍瀑拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴布薩

（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
|拍宰海

（Pazeh）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |西拉雅

（Siraya）
|四社熟番

（Taivoan）
|-
|1955
|李亦園
|噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|雷朗

（Luilang）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |凱達格蘭

（Ketagalan）
|道卡斯

（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |貓霧拺

（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |和安雅

（Hoanya）
|巴則海

（Pazeh）
|水沙連
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1970
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |台灣省通志
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |卡瓦蘭

（Kavalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |凱達格蘭

（Ketagalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |道卡斯

（Taokas）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |拍瀑拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴布薩

（Babuza／Poavasa）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅（Hoanya）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴則海

（Pazeh／Pazex）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
|Arikun
|Lloa
|馬卡道
|西拉雅
|四社熟番
|-
|1985-1991
|土田滋
|Kavalan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ketagalan
|Basay
|Kulon
|Taokas
|Papora
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazzahe
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|Makatao
|Siraya
|Taivoan
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1991
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |李壬癸
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |凱達格蘭（Ketagalan）
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |巴布薩（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴則海

（Pazeh）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |邵

（Thao）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
|雷朗（Luilang）
|哆囉美遠

（Trobian）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴賽（Basay）
|道卡斯（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
|貓霧拺（Babuza）
|費佛朗

（Favorlang）
|Makatao
|Siraya
|Taivoan
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1996
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |李壬癸
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |猴猴

（Qauqaut）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |凱達格蘭（Ketagalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |龜崙

（Kulon）
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |巴布蘭（Baburan）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴則海

（Pazeh）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |邵

（Thao）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
|雷朗（Luilang）
|哆囉美遠

（Trobian）
|馬賽（Basay）
|道卡斯（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
|貓霧拺（Babuza）
|費佛朗

（Favorlang）
|馬卡道（Makatao）
|西拉雅（Siraya）
|四社熟番（Taivoan）
|-
|2006-2010
|李壬癸
|噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |巴賽（凱達格蘭）

（Basay (Ketagalan)）
|龜崙

（Kulon）
|道卡斯

（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |貓霧拺（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
|巴宰

（Pazih）
|邵

（Thao）
|馬卡道（Makatao）
|西拉雅（Siraya）
|大武壠（Taivoan）
|}

=== Padetengan no finacadan (主要族群) ===</text>
      <sha1>atdqx8qtz5jm38pmg5ct64ay6ok35lz</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>46897</id>
      <parentid>46896</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-07-07T01:08:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Masaonikar</username>
        <id>570</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Padetengan no finacadan (主要族群) */</comment>
      <origin>46897</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="16159" sha1="kb8g018tgye9gvsb2ovp0gylgvijre9" xml:space="preserve">== Pinpu finacadan (平埔族群) ==
Pinpu finacadan, to hatiniay Pinpoco han ko pitahidang, o pisiiked to sapikown to yincumin no Taywan a tahidang koni[2]. O roma a tahidang o Kaosancu; ikor midoedo to mikingkiway, ponkaan, itiya a mafana’ to o ’alomanay a finacadan caay ko cecayay a finacadan sato, anini falican ko pitahidang o Pinpocu fuinacadan hanto. Oya ’alomanay Pinpuco finacadan tangsa anini caay ho haydaen no Conghuaminko sifo o yincuminco caira, dengan oya pakapian i ’Amis finacadan a Kavalan finacadan.

Pinpu finacadan i’ayaw no pikowan no netherland, spain itiya o “Aporicini-アボリジニ” han ko pitahidang; pikowan to no Mancin i, saheto o mapalatamdaway, maecakay finacadan[1], ato Nama no fan, wairudona fan sanay ko pasasi’ayaw[3]:12. Orasaka o Cori sareta, Aporicini-アボリジニ itiraay i “Dafdafay pala” (Pingti caopu), samasa o sowal pangangan o Pingpuah, Pucirin, Pingpufan (Payrang: Pi-poo-hoan; Inkiris Pepohoan[4][5][6]), onini “Pinpu” a sowal todong “Dafdaf” ano eca “enaray” sanay ko todong no sowal[7].

Tangasa to pikowan no Dipong a to’ek “Taywan Fancin demak” a tilidan o yincumin malitosa Kaosancu, Pinpuco[3]:13, kasaniyaro’ a Pinpuco finacadan ona palowaday to pifalic pala “Tongninco” sanay a syakay onto[5][8]. Tangasa no Conghuaminko to’ek a mikowan miteka o rayray no Pinpuco malasawaday to ko finacadan harateng, caay to pala o yincuminco cangra; ikor makerih to ko mikingkiway t ofinacadan no Taywan, onini likisi no Pinpuco miteka a masafaloco’ no syakay, nika o Pinpuco a finacadan ona oya “Pinpuco” koni finacadan, saan to ikor miliyaw a misilsil to kasasiiked masiroma[2][3]:18.

O Saisiyat ato Thao finadan ona nipacomodan i Pinpu a finacadan, nengnengen “Pinpuco”, “mapalatamdaway”, “maecakay finacadan” ato “manta’ finacadan” sanay ko pisiiked, onini o sakanga’ay no papotalay mikowan, caayay pidotoc to no yincuminco i nihamonan no niyah konini pisiiked, saka aniniay a pipangangan no Pinpu ano eca palowad to ngangan a onto. Tangasa 2022 miheca 10 folad 28 romi’ad, ono Conghuaminko kimpo a hoyin saki Silaya finacadan to kacingangan no yincumin a demak i, mihapiw to itiyaay ho “Rikec no kacingangan no yincumin” o caayay ka tatodong i kimpo, patodongen to tolo miheca ko pisalofan, mihayda to no Kaosancu a pisingsi malayincuminco o nano Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no Taywan, midotoc a pakayni sakacingangan nai tatapangan no rikec ko Pinpu finacadan[9].  

=== Likisi (歷史)   ===
O Pinpu a finacadan nai ’ayaw 17 sician katayni no Payrang i Taywan i, malesap nai ka’amis Yilan, Kilong tangasa katimol mililisay to saetip a riyar a dafdaf a sera, itira ira ko kasasiromaan no ponka, sowal, niyaro’ ko pihamon a saniyaro’an no sa’opo.

Pinpu a fuinacadan ka’amis nai Suaw ato Tayal a kasasilaed, katimol nai Fanliaw ato Paiwanfinacadan malalaed, ikor maepec no Payrang o roma i malinah tayra roma a pala, matiya o Hengcun, Puli, Kalingko Posong.

=== Pakayraan no sowal (詞源) ===
“Pinpu” a sowal a padotocan, manga’ay so’edacen nai Cingcao Yongceng pikowan Huangsujin “Taihai sicalu” (ikor no 1742 miheca), onini a tilid masowal ko “kasa Pinpu a saniyaro’” a sowal, ikor nai ci Chen Lunjiong a “Haikuo wencienlu” (1731 miheca) ira masadak ko “Pinpu yincumin” a sowal[3]:13.

Nawhani o ponka no yincumin macacofelay i no Payrang a finacadan, orasaka i ’ayaway no Payrang a rayray no likisi no Taywan masowal ko “Fan” [3]. Nai “Fan” a tilidan, pahecian a sowal a minengneng, “Fan” oya “macengelay” ato “omah” patatekoan, o maomahay a tamdaw sanay ko pitoro’, matiniay ko sa’orip. Nika, itini i romaay finacadan konengneng, “Fan” iraay ko mipelesay, miepecay a sowal[11].

I’ayaw yincumin no Taywan dengan o “niyaro’” ko iraay awaay ko “finacadan” sanay a latrkan[3]:12, orasaka o niyaro’ sato ko pitahidang. Tinako: Tacia kawaliay niyaro’ (tongsya) ato Tacia kaetipay niyaro’ “sisya” maro’ay, sacisowal sato o Tasya a tamdaw. O Pinpu finacadan ano eca Pinpu maecakay finacadan sanay a sowal i matiliday, o sapisiiked toya mangta’ay finacadan ato malafelay finacadan ato lotokay finacadan sanay ko pasasiromaan.

Talacawa nai 18 sician matilid no Mancin o Maecakay a Pinpu sanay ko pitahidang, mika itira i 19 sician mangalef ko nikasowal[4]. Rahodayen ko sowal, i 18 sician matilid o “Pinpu fan”, “Pinpu maecakay fan”, o patoro’ to itiraay i dafdafay no Pintong, dafdafay no Yilan, dafdafay no Posong ato dafdafay no Hengcun a yincumin finacadan. So’elinen ko sowal, o nisowalan no mita anini oya “Pinpu finacadan” tosaay ko pisimed to sasowalen: “Pinpu” ato “Maecakay finacadan”. O cecay a sowal “Pinpu” malifong i kasaniyaro’, oya “maecakay a finacadan” o sowal no mikowanay; nika soelinay, naikoran no Mancin, “Pinpu”, “Maecakay finacadan” itiraay i kasasiroma no finacadan, o mirarakatay a sdowal koni a pitahidang. O pisetek malecaday o pisiiked to sasiroma no sa’etal, tinako itiraay i Hencun, “Maecakay finacadan” snay a pisetek to micamolay to Payrang ato Yincumin, saka “Maecakay finacadan” a niyaro’ han ko pitahidang.  

=== Kasasiiked (分類) ===
Talacowa naira ko tamdawan, kasasiromaroma no tamdaw itiya to masasikihar ko ira ko “sasiiked no rocok”. Nika, kaira no tamdaw ira ko “finacadan” ato “finawlan” ko pisiiked to tamdaw o ikoray to ko nian, mangalef piteka no i’ayaw no 100 miheca picalap no micingcingay ato misatekeday ko pikowanan ho itiya. O Taywan saheto o “masiikeday ko finacadan” saka matiniay ko kamatira no to’ekan mapalowan.  

Ka Dipongan no Taywan o mitakedan a micowat ko pikowan to Taywan itiya, o patodong no pikowan, o pisapinangaw misolap ato sapinang to finacadan ato sera no Taywan, saan micowat misaiked to fanacadan no Taywan ko tayal (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b); tinako oya tayniay nai congko a Minan sa’etal a Ngayngay tamdaw palaPayrangen, ’ayaway nano Ngayngay palaNgayngayen ko pakika.

Miteka, hakasi no Dipong paretatenga oya maro’ay i dafdaf a Pinpu finacadan a yincumin malaPayrang to, dengan to oya “Pinpu finacadan” ano eca “Pinpufan” a nisowalan o pihaop aca, oya nisiikedan a finacadan palao “Takayamacu” patodong. Ikor, o hakasi no Dipong to mamalasawad a ponka no Pinpu finacadan ira to ko masatalolongay a nikafana’an saka, nanoya oya nisowalan a “Pinpu finacadan”, so’elinen halo adihayay kasasiroma no sowal, kasasiroma a ponka no finacadan.

Nikawrira, ’ayaw no 90 no mihecaan, o hakasi sakiPinpu finacadan masasiroma ko pisiiked, ira ko 7 finacadan 14 sangasaw, ira ko 8 finacadan, 9 finacadan, 10 finacadan, 12 finacadan sanay (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b).

Midotoc to aniniay mikingkiway pahecian, saki “Pinpu finacadan”, “Takayamacu” a kasasiiked, caay ko tataparan sanay masasiiked ko finawlan, o nano nai 17 sician ko nisanga’an a likisi, nawhani kasafinacadan a ’orip a sofal ato Palapayrangan a ko saka milafotay to calay. Roma a sowal, o nian “Pinpu finacadan” a kasasiroma no ponka, latek ikaka to cecay no “Pinpucu” ato cecay no “Takasakoco” a kasasiroma, o cecay no “Pinpu finacadan” ato cecay no “Takasako finacadan” latek oya cecayay a finacadan. Tinako sasowalen, nai sowal ato ponka ko pinengneng, samangataay to no ’Amis finacadan a Slaya, Taman ato Makataw finacadan no Taywan a Pinpu finacadan; o sowal ato Saysiyak finacadan mangata to Loylon finacadan no yincuminco.

=== Pakayraan no finacadan (族源) ===
Midoedo to no aniniay nipikingkiw misaheci, pakayraan no Pinpuco a ponka saheto o nai Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no Taywan. Onini a finacadan malesap itini i Taypinyang ato Intoyang, samaraayay manga’ay rapoten koya maraayay to Taywan a Easter Island ato Madagascar.

Dotocen ko kaitiraan, o itiraay i paka’amisay a finacadan no Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan i Taywan ko Pinpu a finacadan. So’elinen o I’ayaway no fa’elohay fokelohan a to’ek ko kaira ano eca talahakel i Taywan ko Pinpu finacadan, o nano mikiriyaray a finacadan. O piwacay no Yincuminco wiyinhuy to yincuminco no Taywan ato Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no hekal a kasakihar i pahapinang to o “nao Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan ko finacadan no Taywan, sakitamdawan ono Malay a tamdawan saka, o paka’amisay no Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan ko Taywan” saan[12].

==== No kaDipongan to’ek a pisilsil (日治時期的分類) ====
Saki Pinpu finacadan a pisilisil, awaay ko masongila’ay a kadadoedo no pisilsil i pikowan no Dipong to Taywan. Itira sa i Netherland a mikowan dengan sa o no kasaniyaro’ a ngangan, oraan sa ko pidoedoan kasasilsil no sa’etal, masa’isal ko pinapina sa’etal no finacadan. Ono i Mancin ni Huang Shujing to “Fansu liukao” a tilid i, malecad to pakayni kasasilsil a palaan misiiked a 13 niyaro’ ko yincumin funacadan.

Tangasa no Dipongan a to’ak, ona Ino Yoshinori, awaya den'nojo a “Taiwan yicumin mondai” (1900) a tilidan itiya to madadoedo ko pisilsil misiiked, ikor to ni Ino Yoshinori a “Taiwan yincumin seici” (1900) a tilidan, itiya masalof ko kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan, kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan ira: Ketagalan, Kavalan, Taokas, Pazih, Papora, Babuza, Arikun, Lloa, Siraya, Makattao 10 finacadan.

Oni Ino Yoshinori a nisiikedan kadadoedo o kacipinangan to pidoedoan, ona Igawa Kazo, Ogawa Tadayoshi, Mabuchi Toichi o pasadakay to kasasiiked siroma no pisilsil (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b). o kalaliyangan ira ko pinapina:

Pakayni to na 2 finacadan Arikun ato Lloa o papalacecayen ko finacadan: o roma a hakasi pasilacecay han koni 2 finacadan, o Hoanya a finacadan han saan. Nika midotoc to no hakasi ca Yung Kayin and Chung Yulan a pisapinang i, paretatenga to Hoanya alatek o nano Folaohua (Fan) a moraraway ko pipasetek. Ono finacadan to inika sasiroma no pihamon, pako niyah sa ko paratatenga.

’Eca ko malecaday to no Ketagalan a finacadan, ano eca padoedoen ho ko pisiiked. Pakayni to sowalan hakasi ca Tsuchida Shigeru aci Lee Inkee paretatenga a nisowalan, oya Ketagalan finacadan salongan malitoloay kasasiroma no sowal saan: Basay, Leilang ato Kulon. Oya Siraiya, Taivoan ato Makattao o masasiromaay ano eca o cecay a finacadan. Tangasa anini o ’alomanay a hakasi a midoedoan tono mikarkaray to notamdawan, sowalan ato lodisan masapinang, patongal no finacadan pihamon to niyah, paretatenga o na toloay ngasaw o masasiromaay caayay kalecad a yincuminco[13][14][15][16][17][18].   

Oni Ikawako no Zang itiniay ni Ino Kasunori saceker mapacomod ko Thao finacadan, o nano Pinpu finacadan ano eca o kaosanco finacadan.

==== Ikoray no kalalood a pisiiked (戰後的分類) ====
Pinapina mihecaan, no hakasi sakiPinpu finacadan a pisiiked, ira to ko fa’elohay a nengneng. No Dipong a hakasi ci Tsuchida Shigeru i 1985 mihecaan misiikedan (nengneng Tsuchida 1985), masiiked ko Pinpu finacadan to 12 finacadan: oya Kavalan, Basay, Ketagalan, Kulon, Taokas, Pazih, Papora, Babuza, Hoanya, Siraya, Makattao, Taivoan a finacadan.

Oni Li Yiyuan misiikedan to Pinpu finacadan masiiked 10 finacadan, oya Kavalan, Kentagalan, Luilang, Taokas, Papora, Babiza, Hoanya, Pazeh, Suisalien(Thau), Siraya finacadan[19]:14.  

Taywan sowalan hakasi ci Li Rengui ira ko masasiromaay a nengneng, nai 1996 miheca “Taywan Pinpu finacadan kasasiiked ato kasasikihar masiiked” a tilid, pasadak to 7 finacadan 14 ko sangasaw a nengneng: Thau, Kavalan, Ketagalan [5], Baburan [6], Pazih, Hoanya, Siraya. Ikor pakayni i sowal fa’elohay kasapinang, I 2006 miheca ato 2010 miheca mihapiw to nitilidan, oya Taivoan ato Makattao nai kaetipay Siraya amasadak[13][14].   

=== Kasamihecaan kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan. (歷年平埔族群分類)[20][21][22][23] ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
| colspan=&quot;19&quot; |'''歷年平埔族群分類'''
|-
|'''年代'''
|'''研究者'''
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; |'''族名'''
|-
|1904
|伊能嘉矩
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Vupuran
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Poavosa
|Arikun
|Lloa
|Pazzehe
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|Makattao
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1930
|移川子之藏
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Vupuran
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazeh
|Sao
|Tao
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1935
|小川尚義
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Vupuran
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazzehe
|Sao
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1944
|小川尚義
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|Luilang
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Papora
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazeh
|Sao
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1951
|張耀錡
|卡瓦蘭

（Kavalan）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |凱達格蘭

（Ketagalan）
|道卡斯

（Taokas）
|拍瀑拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴布薩

（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
|拍宰海

（Pazeh）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |西拉雅

（Siraya）
|四社熟番

（Taivoan）
|-
|1955
|李亦園
|噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|雷朗

（Luilang）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |凱達格蘭

（Ketagalan）
|道卡斯

（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |貓霧拺

（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |和安雅

（Hoanya）
|巴則海

（Pazeh）
|水沙連
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1970
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |台灣省通志
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |卡瓦蘭

（Kavalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |凱達格蘭

（Ketagalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |道卡斯

（Taokas）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |拍瀑拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴布薩

（Babuza／Poavasa）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅（Hoanya）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴則海

（Pazeh／Pazex）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
|Arikun
|Lloa
|馬卡道
|西拉雅
|四社熟番
|-
|1985-1991
|土田滋
|Kavalan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ketagalan
|Basay
|Kulon
|Taokas
|Papora
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazzahe
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|Makatao
|Siraya
|Taivoan
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1991
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |李壬癸
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |凱達格蘭（Ketagalan）
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |巴布薩（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴則海

（Pazeh）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |邵

（Thao）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
|雷朗（Luilang）
|哆囉美遠

（Trobian）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴賽（Basay）
|道卡斯（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
|貓霧拺（Babuza）
|費佛朗

（Favorlang）
|Makatao
|Siraya
|Taivoan
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1996
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |李壬癸
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |猴猴

（Qauqaut）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |凱達格蘭（Ketagalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |龜崙

（Kulon）
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |巴布蘭（Baburan）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴則海

（Pazeh）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |邵

（Thao）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
|雷朗（Luilang）
|哆囉美遠

（Trobian）
|馬賽（Basay）
|道卡斯（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
|貓霧拺（Babuza）
|費佛朗

（Favorlang）
|馬卡道（Makatao）
|西拉雅（Siraya）
|四社熟番（Taivoan）
|-
|2006-2010
|李壬癸
|噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |巴賽（凱達格蘭）

（Basay (Ketagalan)）
|龜崙

（Kulon）
|道卡斯

（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |貓霧拺（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
|巴宰

（Pazih）
|邵

（Thao）
|馬卡道（Makatao）
|西拉雅（Siraya）
|大武壠（Taivoan）
|}

=== Padetengan no finacadan (主要族群) ===
Ka’amis Taywan Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan

Tayal finacadan

Tayal Mie ngasaw

Kaetip ka’amis sowal finacadan

Saysyak finacadan (’ayaway pisiiked)

Kulon finacadan

Pazih finacadan

Pazih finacadan (palowad to sowal) [24][25]

Kahawu finacadan (palowad to sowal) [26][27][28]

Kaetip dafdafay sowal finacadan

Thao finacadan (’ayaway pisiiked)

Taokas finacadan (palowad to sowal) [29]</text>
      <sha1>kb8g018tgye9gvsb2ovp0gylgvijre9</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>46898</id>
      <parentid>46897</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-07-07T01:09:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Masaonikar</username>
        <id>570</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Padetengan no finacadan (主要族群) */</comment>
      <origin>46898</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="16268" sha1="g08lhi7g3rgwaisaok2msy177hebpgn" xml:space="preserve">== Pinpu finacadan (平埔族群) ==
Pinpu finacadan, to hatiniay Pinpoco han ko pitahidang, o pisiiked to sapikown to yincumin no Taywan a tahidang koni[2]. O roma a tahidang o Kaosancu; ikor midoedo to mikingkiway, ponkaan, itiya a mafana’ to o ’alomanay a finacadan caay ko cecayay a finacadan sato, anini falican ko pitahidang o Pinpocu fuinacadan hanto. Oya ’alomanay Pinpuco finacadan tangsa anini caay ho haydaen no Conghuaminko sifo o yincuminco caira, dengan oya pakapian i ’Amis finacadan a Kavalan finacadan.

Pinpu finacadan i’ayaw no pikowan no netherland, spain itiya o “Aporicini-アボリジニ” han ko pitahidang; pikowan to no Mancin i, saheto o mapalatamdaway, maecakay finacadan[1], ato Nama no fan, wairudona fan sanay ko pasasi’ayaw[3]:12. Orasaka o Cori sareta, Aporicini-アボリジニ itiraay i “Dafdafay pala” (Pingti caopu), samasa o sowal pangangan o Pingpuah, Pucirin, Pingpufan (Payrang: Pi-poo-hoan; Inkiris Pepohoan[4][5][6]), onini “Pinpu” a sowal todong “Dafdaf” ano eca “enaray” sanay ko todong no sowal[7].

Tangasa to pikowan no Dipong a to’ek “Taywan Fancin demak” a tilidan o yincumin malitosa Kaosancu, Pinpuco[3]:13, kasaniyaro’ a Pinpuco finacadan ona palowaday to pifalic pala “Tongninco” sanay a syakay onto[5][8]. Tangasa no Conghuaminko to’ek a mikowan miteka o rayray no Pinpuco malasawaday to ko finacadan harateng, caay to pala o yincuminco cangra; ikor makerih to ko mikingkiway t ofinacadan no Taywan, onini likisi no Pinpuco miteka a masafaloco’ no syakay, nika o Pinpuco a finacadan ona oya “Pinpuco” koni finacadan, saan to ikor miliyaw a misilsil to kasasiiked masiroma[2][3]:18.

O Saisiyat ato Thao finadan ona nipacomodan i Pinpu a finacadan, nengnengen “Pinpuco”, “mapalatamdaway”, “maecakay finacadan” ato “manta’ finacadan” sanay ko pisiiked, onini o sakanga’ay no papotalay mikowan, caayay pidotoc to no yincuminco i nihamonan no niyah konini pisiiked, saka aniniay a pipangangan no Pinpu ano eca palowad to ngangan a onto. Tangasa 2022 miheca 10 folad 28 romi’ad, ono Conghuaminko kimpo a hoyin saki Silaya finacadan to kacingangan no yincumin a demak i, mihapiw to itiyaay ho “Rikec no kacingangan no yincumin” o caayay ka tatodong i kimpo, patodongen to tolo miheca ko pisalofan, mihayda to no Kaosancu a pisingsi malayincuminco o nano Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no Taywan, midotoc a pakayni sakacingangan nai tatapangan no rikec ko Pinpu finacadan[9].  

=== Likisi (歷史)   ===
O Pinpu a finacadan nai ’ayaw 17 sician katayni no Payrang i Taywan i, malesap nai ka’amis Yilan, Kilong tangasa katimol mililisay to saetip a riyar a dafdaf a sera, itira ira ko kasasiromaan no ponka, sowal, niyaro’ ko pihamon a saniyaro’an no sa’opo.

Pinpu a fuinacadan ka’amis nai Suaw ato Tayal a kasasilaed, katimol nai Fanliaw ato Paiwanfinacadan malalaed, ikor maepec no Payrang o roma i malinah tayra roma a pala, matiya o Hengcun, Puli, Kalingko Posong.

=== Pakayraan no sowal (詞源) ===
“Pinpu” a sowal a padotocan, manga’ay so’edacen nai Cingcao Yongceng pikowan Huangsujin “Taihai sicalu” (ikor no 1742 miheca), onini a tilid masowal ko “kasa Pinpu a saniyaro’” a sowal, ikor nai ci Chen Lunjiong a “Haikuo wencienlu” (1731 miheca) ira masadak ko “Pinpu yincumin” a sowal[3]:13.

Nawhani o ponka no yincumin macacofelay i no Payrang a finacadan, orasaka i ’ayaway no Payrang a rayray no likisi no Taywan masowal ko “Fan” [3]. Nai “Fan” a tilidan, pahecian a sowal a minengneng, “Fan” oya “macengelay” ato “omah” patatekoan, o maomahay a tamdaw sanay ko pitoro’, matiniay ko sa’orip. Nika, itini i romaay finacadan konengneng, “Fan” iraay ko mipelesay, miepecay a sowal[11].

I’ayaw yincumin no Taywan dengan o “niyaro’” ko iraay awaay ko “finacadan” sanay a latrkan[3]:12, orasaka o niyaro’ sato ko pitahidang. Tinako: Tacia kawaliay niyaro’ (tongsya) ato Tacia kaetipay niyaro’ “sisya” maro’ay, sacisowal sato o Tasya a tamdaw. O Pinpu finacadan ano eca Pinpu maecakay finacadan sanay a sowal i matiliday, o sapisiiked toya mangta’ay finacadan ato malafelay finacadan ato lotokay finacadan sanay ko pasasiromaan.

Talacawa nai 18 sician matilid no Mancin o Maecakay a Pinpu sanay ko pitahidang, mika itira i 19 sician mangalef ko nikasowal[4]. Rahodayen ko sowal, i 18 sician matilid o “Pinpu fan”, “Pinpu maecakay fan”, o patoro’ to itiraay i dafdafay no Pintong, dafdafay no Yilan, dafdafay no Posong ato dafdafay no Hengcun a yincumin finacadan. So’elinen ko sowal, o nisowalan no mita anini oya “Pinpu finacadan” tosaay ko pisimed to sasowalen: “Pinpu” ato “Maecakay finacadan”. O cecay a sowal “Pinpu” malifong i kasaniyaro’, oya “maecakay a finacadan” o sowal no mikowanay; nika soelinay, naikoran no Mancin, “Pinpu”, “Maecakay finacadan” itiraay i kasasiroma no finacadan, o mirarakatay a sdowal koni a pitahidang. O pisetek malecaday o pisiiked to sasiroma no sa’etal, tinako itiraay i Hencun, “Maecakay finacadan” snay a pisetek to micamolay to Payrang ato Yincumin, saka “Maecakay finacadan” a niyaro’ han ko pitahidang.  

=== Kasasiiked (分類) ===
Talacowa naira ko tamdawan, kasasiromaroma no tamdaw itiya to masasikihar ko ira ko “sasiiked no rocok”. Nika, kaira no tamdaw ira ko “finacadan” ato “finawlan” ko pisiiked to tamdaw o ikoray to ko nian, mangalef piteka no i’ayaw no 100 miheca picalap no micingcingay ato misatekeday ko pikowanan ho itiya. O Taywan saheto o “masiikeday ko finacadan” saka matiniay ko kamatira no to’ekan mapalowan.  

Ka Dipongan no Taywan o mitakedan a micowat ko pikowan to Taywan itiya, o patodong no pikowan, o pisapinangaw misolap ato sapinang to finacadan ato sera no Taywan, saan micowat misaiked to fanacadan no Taywan ko tayal (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b); tinako oya tayniay nai congko a Minan sa’etal a Ngayngay tamdaw palaPayrangen, ’ayaway nano Ngayngay palaNgayngayen ko pakika.

Miteka, hakasi no Dipong paretatenga oya maro’ay i dafdaf a Pinpu finacadan a yincumin malaPayrang to, dengan to oya “Pinpu finacadan” ano eca “Pinpufan” a nisowalan o pihaop aca, oya nisiikedan a finacadan palao “Takayamacu” patodong. Ikor, o hakasi no Dipong to mamalasawad a ponka no Pinpu finacadan ira to ko masatalolongay a nikafana’an saka, nanoya oya nisowalan a “Pinpu finacadan”, so’elinen halo adihayay kasasiroma no sowal, kasasiroma a ponka no finacadan.

Nikawrira, ’ayaw no 90 no mihecaan, o hakasi sakiPinpu finacadan masasiroma ko pisiiked, ira ko 7 finacadan 14 sangasaw, ira ko 8 finacadan, 9 finacadan, 10 finacadan, 12 finacadan sanay (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b).

Midotoc to aniniay mikingkiway pahecian, saki “Pinpu finacadan”, “Takayamacu” a kasasiiked, caay ko tataparan sanay masasiiked ko finawlan, o nano nai 17 sician ko nisanga’an a likisi, nawhani kasafinacadan a ’orip a sofal ato Palapayrangan a ko saka milafotay to calay. Roma a sowal, o nian “Pinpu finacadan” a kasasiroma no ponka, latek ikaka to cecay no “Pinpucu” ato cecay no “Takasakoco” a kasasiroma, o cecay no “Pinpu finacadan” ato cecay no “Takasako finacadan” latek oya cecayay a finacadan. Tinako sasowalen, nai sowal ato ponka ko pinengneng, samangataay to no ’Amis finacadan a Slaya, Taman ato Makataw finacadan no Taywan a Pinpu finacadan; o sowal ato Saysiyak finacadan mangata to Loylon finacadan no yincuminco.

=== Pakayraan no finacadan (族源) ===
Midoedo to no aniniay nipikingkiw misaheci, pakayraan no Pinpuco a ponka saheto o nai Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no Taywan. Onini a finacadan malesap itini i Taypinyang ato Intoyang, samaraayay manga’ay rapoten koya maraayay to Taywan a Easter Island ato Madagascar.

Dotocen ko kaitiraan, o itiraay i paka’amisay a finacadan no Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan i Taywan ko Pinpu a finacadan. So’elinen o I’ayaway no fa’elohay fokelohan a to’ek ko kaira ano eca talahakel i Taywan ko Pinpu finacadan, o nano mikiriyaray a finacadan. O piwacay no Yincuminco wiyinhuy to yincuminco no Taywan ato Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no hekal a kasakihar i pahapinang to o “nao Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan ko finacadan no Taywan, sakitamdawan ono Malay a tamdawan saka, o paka’amisay no Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan ko Taywan” saan[12].

==== No kaDipongan to’ek a pisilsil (日治時期的分類) ====
Saki Pinpu finacadan a pisilisil, awaay ko masongila’ay a kadadoedo no pisilsil i pikowan no Dipong to Taywan. Itira sa i Netherland a mikowan dengan sa o no kasaniyaro’ a ngangan, oraan sa ko pidoedoan kasasilsil no sa’etal, masa’isal ko pinapina sa’etal no finacadan. Ono i Mancin ni Huang Shujing to “Fansu liukao” a tilid i, malecad to pakayni kasasilsil a palaan misiiked a 13 niyaro’ ko yincumin funacadan.

Tangasa no Dipongan a to’ak, ona Ino Yoshinori, awaya den'nojo a “Taiwan yicumin mondai” (1900) a tilidan itiya to madadoedo ko pisilsil misiiked, ikor to ni Ino Yoshinori a “Taiwan yincumin seici” (1900) a tilidan, itiya masalof ko kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan, kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan ira: Ketagalan, Kavalan, Taokas, Pazih, Papora, Babuza, Arikun, Lloa, Siraya, Makattao 10 finacadan.

Oni Ino Yoshinori a nisiikedan kadadoedo o kacipinangan to pidoedoan, ona Igawa Kazo, Ogawa Tadayoshi, Mabuchi Toichi o pasadakay to kasasiiked siroma no pisilsil (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b). o kalaliyangan ira ko pinapina:

Pakayni to na 2 finacadan Arikun ato Lloa o papalacecayen ko finacadan: o roma a hakasi pasilacecay han koni 2 finacadan, o Hoanya a finacadan han saan. Nika midotoc to no hakasi ca Yung Kayin and Chung Yulan a pisapinang i, paretatenga to Hoanya alatek o nano Folaohua (Fan) a moraraway ko pipasetek. Ono finacadan to inika sasiroma no pihamon, pako niyah sa ko paratatenga.

’Eca ko malecaday to no Ketagalan a finacadan, ano eca padoedoen ho ko pisiiked. Pakayni to sowalan hakasi ca Tsuchida Shigeru aci Lee Inkee paretatenga a nisowalan, oya Ketagalan finacadan salongan malitoloay kasasiroma no sowal saan: Basay, Leilang ato Kulon. Oya Siraiya, Taivoan ato Makattao o masasiromaay ano eca o cecay a finacadan. Tangasa anini o ’alomanay a hakasi a midoedoan tono mikarkaray to notamdawan, sowalan ato lodisan masapinang, patongal no finacadan pihamon to niyah, paretatenga o na toloay ngasaw o masasiromaay caayay kalecad a yincuminco[13][14][15][16][17][18].   

Oni Ikawako no Zang itiniay ni Ino Kasunori saceker mapacomod ko Thao finacadan, o nano Pinpu finacadan ano eca o kaosanco finacadan.

==== Ikoray no kalalood a pisiiked (戰後的分類) ====
Pinapina mihecaan, no hakasi sakiPinpu finacadan a pisiiked, ira to ko fa’elohay a nengneng. No Dipong a hakasi ci Tsuchida Shigeru i 1985 mihecaan misiikedan (nengneng Tsuchida 1985), masiiked ko Pinpu finacadan to 12 finacadan: oya Kavalan, Basay, Ketagalan, Kulon, Taokas, Pazih, Papora, Babuza, Hoanya, Siraya, Makattao, Taivoan a finacadan.

Oni Li Yiyuan misiikedan to Pinpu finacadan masiiked 10 finacadan, oya Kavalan, Kentagalan, Luilang, Taokas, Papora, Babiza, Hoanya, Pazeh, Suisalien(Thau), Siraya finacadan[19]:14.  

Taywan sowalan hakasi ci Li Rengui ira ko masasiromaay a nengneng, nai 1996 miheca “Taywan Pinpu finacadan kasasiiked ato kasasikihar masiiked” a tilid, pasadak to 7 finacadan 14 ko sangasaw a nengneng: Thau, Kavalan, Ketagalan [5], Baburan [6], Pazih, Hoanya, Siraya. Ikor pakayni i sowal fa’elohay kasapinang, I 2006 miheca ato 2010 miheca mihapiw to nitilidan, oya Taivoan ato Makattao nai kaetipay Siraya amasadak[13][14].   

=== Kasamihecaan kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan. (歷年平埔族群分類)[20][21][22][23] ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
| colspan=&quot;19&quot; |'''歷年平埔族群分類'''
|-
|'''年代'''
|'''研究者'''
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; |'''族名'''
|-
|1904
|伊能嘉矩
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Vupuran
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Poavosa
|Arikun
|Lloa
|Pazzehe
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|Makattao
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1930
|移川子之藏
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Vupuran
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazeh
|Sao
|Tao
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1935
|小川尚義
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Vupuran
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazzehe
|Sao
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1944
|小川尚義
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|Luilang
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Papora
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazeh
|Sao
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1951
|張耀錡
|卡瓦蘭

（Kavalan）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |凱達格蘭

（Ketagalan）
|道卡斯

（Taokas）
|拍瀑拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴布薩

（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
|拍宰海

（Pazeh）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |西拉雅

（Siraya）
|四社熟番

（Taivoan）
|-
|1955
|李亦園
|噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|雷朗

（Luilang）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |凱達格蘭

（Ketagalan）
|道卡斯

（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |貓霧拺

（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |和安雅

（Hoanya）
|巴則海

（Pazeh）
|水沙連
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1970
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |台灣省通志
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |卡瓦蘭

（Kavalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |凱達格蘭

（Ketagalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |道卡斯

（Taokas）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |拍瀑拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴布薩

（Babuza／Poavasa）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅（Hoanya）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴則海

（Pazeh／Pazex）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
|Arikun
|Lloa
|馬卡道
|西拉雅
|四社熟番
|-
|1985-1991
|土田滋
|Kavalan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ketagalan
|Basay
|Kulon
|Taokas
|Papora
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazzahe
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|Makatao
|Siraya
|Taivoan
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1991
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |李壬癸
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |凱達格蘭（Ketagalan）
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |巴布薩（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴則海

（Pazeh）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |邵

（Thao）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
|雷朗（Luilang）
|哆囉美遠

（Trobian）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴賽（Basay）
|道卡斯（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
|貓霧拺（Babuza）
|費佛朗

（Favorlang）
|Makatao
|Siraya
|Taivoan
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1996
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |李壬癸
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |猴猴

（Qauqaut）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |凱達格蘭（Ketagalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |龜崙

（Kulon）
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |巴布蘭（Baburan）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴則海

（Pazeh）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |邵

（Thao）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
|雷朗（Luilang）
|哆囉美遠

（Trobian）
|馬賽（Basay）
|道卡斯（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
|貓霧拺（Babuza）
|費佛朗

（Favorlang）
|馬卡道（Makatao）
|西拉雅（Siraya）
|四社熟番（Taivoan）
|-
|2006-2010
|李壬癸
|噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |巴賽（凱達格蘭）

（Basay (Ketagalan)）
|龜崙

（Kulon）
|道卡斯

（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |貓霧拺（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
|巴宰

（Pazih）
|邵

（Thao）
|馬卡道（Makatao）
|西拉雅（Siraya）
|大武壠（Taivoan）
|}

=== Padetengan no finacadan (主要族群) ===
Ka’amis Taywan Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan

Tayal finacadan

Tayal Mie ngasaw

Kaetip ka’amis sowal finacadan

Saysyak finacadan (’ayaway pisiiked)

Kulon finacadan

Pazih finacadan

Pazih finacadan (palowad to sowal) [24][25]

Kahawu finacadan (palowad to sowal) [26][27][28]

Kaetip dafdafay sowal finacadan

Thao finacadan (’ayaway pisiiked)

Taokas finacadan (palowad to sowal) [29]

Papora finacadan

Babuza finacadan

Favorlang finacadan

Hoanya finacadan

Arikun finacadan

Lloa finacadan</text>
      <sha1>g08lhi7g3rgwaisaok2msy177hebpgn</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>46899</id>
      <parentid>46898</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-07-07T01:09:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Masaonikar</username>
        <id>570</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Padetengan no finacadan (主要族群) */</comment>
      <origin>46899</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="16870" sha1="fd2qv8rn637hpqtpur3xf11yy52oomy" xml:space="preserve">== Pinpu finacadan (平埔族群) ==
Pinpu finacadan, to hatiniay Pinpoco han ko pitahidang, o pisiiked to sapikown to yincumin no Taywan a tahidang koni[2]. O roma a tahidang o Kaosancu; ikor midoedo to mikingkiway, ponkaan, itiya a mafana’ to o ’alomanay a finacadan caay ko cecayay a finacadan sato, anini falican ko pitahidang o Pinpocu fuinacadan hanto. Oya ’alomanay Pinpuco finacadan tangsa anini caay ho haydaen no Conghuaminko sifo o yincuminco caira, dengan oya pakapian i ’Amis finacadan a Kavalan finacadan.

Pinpu finacadan i’ayaw no pikowan no netherland, spain itiya o “Aporicini-アボリジニ” han ko pitahidang; pikowan to no Mancin i, saheto o mapalatamdaway, maecakay finacadan[1], ato Nama no fan, wairudona fan sanay ko pasasi’ayaw[3]:12. Orasaka o Cori sareta, Aporicini-アボリジニ itiraay i “Dafdafay pala” (Pingti caopu), samasa o sowal pangangan o Pingpuah, Pucirin, Pingpufan (Payrang: Pi-poo-hoan; Inkiris Pepohoan[4][5][6]), onini “Pinpu” a sowal todong “Dafdaf” ano eca “enaray” sanay ko todong no sowal[7].

Tangasa to pikowan no Dipong a to’ek “Taywan Fancin demak” a tilidan o yincumin malitosa Kaosancu, Pinpuco[3]:13, kasaniyaro’ a Pinpuco finacadan ona palowaday to pifalic pala “Tongninco” sanay a syakay onto[5][8]. Tangasa no Conghuaminko to’ek a mikowan miteka o rayray no Pinpuco malasawaday to ko finacadan harateng, caay to pala o yincuminco cangra; ikor makerih to ko mikingkiway t ofinacadan no Taywan, onini likisi no Pinpuco miteka a masafaloco’ no syakay, nika o Pinpuco a finacadan ona oya “Pinpuco” koni finacadan, saan to ikor miliyaw a misilsil to kasasiiked masiroma[2][3]:18.

O Saisiyat ato Thao finadan ona nipacomodan i Pinpu a finacadan, nengnengen “Pinpuco”, “mapalatamdaway”, “maecakay finacadan” ato “manta’ finacadan” sanay ko pisiiked, onini o sakanga’ay no papotalay mikowan, caayay pidotoc to no yincuminco i nihamonan no niyah konini pisiiked, saka aniniay a pipangangan no Pinpu ano eca palowad to ngangan a onto. Tangasa 2022 miheca 10 folad 28 romi’ad, ono Conghuaminko kimpo a hoyin saki Silaya finacadan to kacingangan no yincumin a demak i, mihapiw to itiyaay ho “Rikec no kacingangan no yincumin” o caayay ka tatodong i kimpo, patodongen to tolo miheca ko pisalofan, mihayda to no Kaosancu a pisingsi malayincuminco o nano Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no Taywan, midotoc a pakayni sakacingangan nai tatapangan no rikec ko Pinpu finacadan[9].  

=== Likisi (歷史)   ===
O Pinpu a finacadan nai ’ayaw 17 sician katayni no Payrang i Taywan i, malesap nai ka’amis Yilan, Kilong tangasa katimol mililisay to saetip a riyar a dafdaf a sera, itira ira ko kasasiromaan no ponka, sowal, niyaro’ ko pihamon a saniyaro’an no sa’opo.

Pinpu a fuinacadan ka’amis nai Suaw ato Tayal a kasasilaed, katimol nai Fanliaw ato Paiwanfinacadan malalaed, ikor maepec no Payrang o roma i malinah tayra roma a pala, matiya o Hengcun, Puli, Kalingko Posong.

=== Pakayraan no sowal (詞源) ===
“Pinpu” a sowal a padotocan, manga’ay so’edacen nai Cingcao Yongceng pikowan Huangsujin “Taihai sicalu” (ikor no 1742 miheca), onini a tilid masowal ko “kasa Pinpu a saniyaro’” a sowal, ikor nai ci Chen Lunjiong a “Haikuo wencienlu” (1731 miheca) ira masadak ko “Pinpu yincumin” a sowal[3]:13.

Nawhani o ponka no yincumin macacofelay i no Payrang a finacadan, orasaka i ’ayaway no Payrang a rayray no likisi no Taywan masowal ko “Fan” [3]. Nai “Fan” a tilidan, pahecian a sowal a minengneng, “Fan” oya “macengelay” ato “omah” patatekoan, o maomahay a tamdaw sanay ko pitoro’, matiniay ko sa’orip. Nika, itini i romaay finacadan konengneng, “Fan” iraay ko mipelesay, miepecay a sowal[11].

I’ayaw yincumin no Taywan dengan o “niyaro’” ko iraay awaay ko “finacadan” sanay a latrkan[3]:12, orasaka o niyaro’ sato ko pitahidang. Tinako: Tacia kawaliay niyaro’ (tongsya) ato Tacia kaetipay niyaro’ “sisya” maro’ay, sacisowal sato o Tasya a tamdaw. O Pinpu finacadan ano eca Pinpu maecakay finacadan sanay a sowal i matiliday, o sapisiiked toya mangta’ay finacadan ato malafelay finacadan ato lotokay finacadan sanay ko pasasiromaan.

Talacawa nai 18 sician matilid no Mancin o Maecakay a Pinpu sanay ko pitahidang, mika itira i 19 sician mangalef ko nikasowal[4]. Rahodayen ko sowal, i 18 sician matilid o “Pinpu fan”, “Pinpu maecakay fan”, o patoro’ to itiraay i dafdafay no Pintong, dafdafay no Yilan, dafdafay no Posong ato dafdafay no Hengcun a yincumin finacadan. So’elinen ko sowal, o nisowalan no mita anini oya “Pinpu finacadan” tosaay ko pisimed to sasowalen: “Pinpu” ato “Maecakay finacadan”. O cecay a sowal “Pinpu” malifong i kasaniyaro’, oya “maecakay a finacadan” o sowal no mikowanay; nika soelinay, naikoran no Mancin, “Pinpu”, “Maecakay finacadan” itiraay i kasasiroma no finacadan, o mirarakatay a sdowal koni a pitahidang. O pisetek malecaday o pisiiked to sasiroma no sa’etal, tinako itiraay i Hencun, “Maecakay finacadan” snay a pisetek to micamolay to Payrang ato Yincumin, saka “Maecakay finacadan” a niyaro’ han ko pitahidang.  

=== Kasasiiked (分類) ===
Talacowa naira ko tamdawan, kasasiromaroma no tamdaw itiya to masasikihar ko ira ko “sasiiked no rocok”. Nika, kaira no tamdaw ira ko “finacadan” ato “finawlan” ko pisiiked to tamdaw o ikoray to ko nian, mangalef piteka no i’ayaw no 100 miheca picalap no micingcingay ato misatekeday ko pikowanan ho itiya. O Taywan saheto o “masiikeday ko finacadan” saka matiniay ko kamatira no to’ekan mapalowan.  

Ka Dipongan no Taywan o mitakedan a micowat ko pikowan to Taywan itiya, o patodong no pikowan, o pisapinangaw misolap ato sapinang to finacadan ato sera no Taywan, saan micowat misaiked to fanacadan no Taywan ko tayal (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b); tinako oya tayniay nai congko a Minan sa’etal a Ngayngay tamdaw palaPayrangen, ’ayaway nano Ngayngay palaNgayngayen ko pakika.

Miteka, hakasi no Dipong paretatenga oya maro’ay i dafdaf a Pinpu finacadan a yincumin malaPayrang to, dengan to oya “Pinpu finacadan” ano eca “Pinpufan” a nisowalan o pihaop aca, oya nisiikedan a finacadan palao “Takayamacu” patodong. Ikor, o hakasi no Dipong to mamalasawad a ponka no Pinpu finacadan ira to ko masatalolongay a nikafana’an saka, nanoya oya nisowalan a “Pinpu finacadan”, so’elinen halo adihayay kasasiroma no sowal, kasasiroma a ponka no finacadan.

Nikawrira, ’ayaw no 90 no mihecaan, o hakasi sakiPinpu finacadan masasiroma ko pisiiked, ira ko 7 finacadan 14 sangasaw, ira ko 8 finacadan, 9 finacadan, 10 finacadan, 12 finacadan sanay (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b).

Midotoc to aniniay mikingkiway pahecian, saki “Pinpu finacadan”, “Takayamacu” a kasasiiked, caay ko tataparan sanay masasiiked ko finawlan, o nano nai 17 sician ko nisanga’an a likisi, nawhani kasafinacadan a ’orip a sofal ato Palapayrangan a ko saka milafotay to calay. Roma a sowal, o nian “Pinpu finacadan” a kasasiroma no ponka, latek ikaka to cecay no “Pinpucu” ato cecay no “Takasakoco” a kasasiroma, o cecay no “Pinpu finacadan” ato cecay no “Takasako finacadan” latek oya cecayay a finacadan. Tinako sasowalen, nai sowal ato ponka ko pinengneng, samangataay to no ’Amis finacadan a Slaya, Taman ato Makataw finacadan no Taywan a Pinpu finacadan; o sowal ato Saysiyak finacadan mangata to Loylon finacadan no yincuminco.

=== Pakayraan no finacadan (族源) ===
Midoedo to no aniniay nipikingkiw misaheci, pakayraan no Pinpuco a ponka saheto o nai Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no Taywan. Onini a finacadan malesap itini i Taypinyang ato Intoyang, samaraayay manga’ay rapoten koya maraayay to Taywan a Easter Island ato Madagascar.

Dotocen ko kaitiraan, o itiraay i paka’amisay a finacadan no Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan i Taywan ko Pinpu a finacadan. So’elinen o I’ayaway no fa’elohay fokelohan a to’ek ko kaira ano eca talahakel i Taywan ko Pinpu finacadan, o nano mikiriyaray a finacadan. O piwacay no Yincuminco wiyinhuy to yincuminco no Taywan ato Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no hekal a kasakihar i pahapinang to o “nao Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan ko finacadan no Taywan, sakitamdawan ono Malay a tamdawan saka, o paka’amisay no Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan ko Taywan” saan[12].

==== No kaDipongan to’ek a pisilsil (日治時期的分類) ====
Saki Pinpu finacadan a pisilisil, awaay ko masongila’ay a kadadoedo no pisilsil i pikowan no Dipong to Taywan. Itira sa i Netherland a mikowan dengan sa o no kasaniyaro’ a ngangan, oraan sa ko pidoedoan kasasilsil no sa’etal, masa’isal ko pinapina sa’etal no finacadan. Ono i Mancin ni Huang Shujing to “Fansu liukao” a tilid i, malecad to pakayni kasasilsil a palaan misiiked a 13 niyaro’ ko yincumin funacadan.

Tangasa no Dipongan a to’ak, ona Ino Yoshinori, awaya den'nojo a “Taiwan yicumin mondai” (1900) a tilidan itiya to madadoedo ko pisilsil misiiked, ikor to ni Ino Yoshinori a “Taiwan yincumin seici” (1900) a tilidan, itiya masalof ko kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan, kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan ira: Ketagalan, Kavalan, Taokas, Pazih, Papora, Babuza, Arikun, Lloa, Siraya, Makattao 10 finacadan.

Oni Ino Yoshinori a nisiikedan kadadoedo o kacipinangan to pidoedoan, ona Igawa Kazo, Ogawa Tadayoshi, Mabuchi Toichi o pasadakay to kasasiiked siroma no pisilsil (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b). o kalaliyangan ira ko pinapina:

Pakayni to na 2 finacadan Arikun ato Lloa o papalacecayen ko finacadan: o roma a hakasi pasilacecay han koni 2 finacadan, o Hoanya a finacadan han saan. Nika midotoc to no hakasi ca Yung Kayin and Chung Yulan a pisapinang i, paretatenga to Hoanya alatek o nano Folaohua (Fan) a moraraway ko pipasetek. Ono finacadan to inika sasiroma no pihamon, pako niyah sa ko paratatenga.

’Eca ko malecaday to no Ketagalan a finacadan, ano eca padoedoen ho ko pisiiked. Pakayni to sowalan hakasi ca Tsuchida Shigeru aci Lee Inkee paretatenga a nisowalan, oya Ketagalan finacadan salongan malitoloay kasasiroma no sowal saan: Basay, Leilang ato Kulon. Oya Siraiya, Taivoan ato Makattao o masasiromaay ano eca o cecay a finacadan. Tangasa anini o ’alomanay a hakasi a midoedoan tono mikarkaray to notamdawan, sowalan ato lodisan masapinang, patongal no finacadan pihamon to niyah, paretatenga o na toloay ngasaw o masasiromaay caayay kalecad a yincuminco[13][14][15][16][17][18].   

Oni Ikawako no Zang itiniay ni Ino Kasunori saceker mapacomod ko Thao finacadan, o nano Pinpu finacadan ano eca o kaosanco finacadan.

==== Ikoray no kalalood a pisiiked (戰後的分類) ====
Pinapina mihecaan, no hakasi sakiPinpu finacadan a pisiiked, ira to ko fa’elohay a nengneng. No Dipong a hakasi ci Tsuchida Shigeru i 1985 mihecaan misiikedan (nengneng Tsuchida 1985), masiiked ko Pinpu finacadan to 12 finacadan: oya Kavalan, Basay, Ketagalan, Kulon, Taokas, Pazih, Papora, Babuza, Hoanya, Siraya, Makattao, Taivoan a finacadan.

Oni Li Yiyuan misiikedan to Pinpu finacadan masiiked 10 finacadan, oya Kavalan, Kentagalan, Luilang, Taokas, Papora, Babiza, Hoanya, Pazeh, Suisalien(Thau), Siraya finacadan[19]:14.  

Taywan sowalan hakasi ci Li Rengui ira ko masasiromaay a nengneng, nai 1996 miheca “Taywan Pinpu finacadan kasasiiked ato kasasikihar masiiked” a tilid, pasadak to 7 finacadan 14 ko sangasaw a nengneng: Thau, Kavalan, Ketagalan [5], Baburan [6], Pazih, Hoanya, Siraya. Ikor pakayni i sowal fa’elohay kasapinang, I 2006 miheca ato 2010 miheca mihapiw to nitilidan, oya Taivoan ato Makattao nai kaetipay Siraya amasadak[13][14].   

=== Kasamihecaan kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan. (歷年平埔族群分類)[20][21][22][23] ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
| colspan=&quot;19&quot; |'''歷年平埔族群分類'''
|-
|'''年代'''
|'''研究者'''
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; |'''族名'''
|-
|1904
|伊能嘉矩
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Vupuran
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Poavosa
|Arikun
|Lloa
|Pazzehe
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|Makattao
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1930
|移川子之藏
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Vupuran
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazeh
|Sao
|Tao
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1935
|小川尚義
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Vupuran
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazzehe
|Sao
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1944
|小川尚義
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|Luilang
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Papora
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazeh
|Sao
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1951
|張耀錡
|卡瓦蘭

（Kavalan）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |凱達格蘭

（Ketagalan）
|道卡斯

（Taokas）
|拍瀑拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴布薩

（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
|拍宰海

（Pazeh）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |西拉雅

（Siraya）
|四社熟番

（Taivoan）
|-
|1955
|李亦園
|噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|雷朗

（Luilang）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |凱達格蘭

（Ketagalan）
|道卡斯

（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |貓霧拺

（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |和安雅

（Hoanya）
|巴則海

（Pazeh）
|水沙連
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1970
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |台灣省通志
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |卡瓦蘭

（Kavalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |凱達格蘭

（Ketagalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |道卡斯

（Taokas）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |拍瀑拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴布薩

（Babuza／Poavasa）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅（Hoanya）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴則海

（Pazeh／Pazex）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
|Arikun
|Lloa
|馬卡道
|西拉雅
|四社熟番
|-
|1985-1991
|土田滋
|Kavalan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ketagalan
|Basay
|Kulon
|Taokas
|Papora
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazzahe
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|Makatao
|Siraya
|Taivoan
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1991
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |李壬癸
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |凱達格蘭（Ketagalan）
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |巴布薩（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴則海

（Pazeh）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |邵

（Thao）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
|雷朗（Luilang）
|哆囉美遠

（Trobian）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴賽（Basay）
|道卡斯（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
|貓霧拺（Babuza）
|費佛朗

（Favorlang）
|Makatao
|Siraya
|Taivoan
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1996
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |李壬癸
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |猴猴

（Qauqaut）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |凱達格蘭（Ketagalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |龜崙

（Kulon）
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |巴布蘭（Baburan）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴則海

（Pazeh）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |邵

（Thao）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
|雷朗（Luilang）
|哆囉美遠

（Trobian）
|馬賽（Basay）
|道卡斯（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
|貓霧拺（Babuza）
|費佛朗

（Favorlang）
|馬卡道（Makatao）
|西拉雅（Siraya）
|四社熟番（Taivoan）
|-
|2006-2010
|李壬癸
|噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |巴賽（凱達格蘭）

（Basay (Ketagalan)）
|龜崙

（Kulon）
|道卡斯

（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |貓霧拺（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
|巴宰

（Pazih）
|邵

（Thao）
|馬卡道（Makatao）
|西拉雅（Siraya）
|大武壠（Taivoan）
|}

=== Padetengan no finacadan (主要族群) ===
Ka’amis Taywan Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan

Tayal finacadan

Tayal Mie ngasaw

Kaetip ka’amis sowal finacadan

Saysyak finacadan (’ayaway pisiiked)

Kulon finacadan

Pazih finacadan

Pazih finacadan (palowad to sowal) [24][25]

Kahawu finacadan (palowad to sowal) [26][27][28]

Kaetip dafdafay sowal finacadan

Thao finacadan (’ayaway pisiiked)

Taokas finacadan (palowad to sowal) [29]

Papora finacadan

Babuza finacadan

Favorlang finacadan

Hoanya finacadan

Arikun finacadan

Lloa finacadan

Katimol Taywan Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan

Paiwan sowal finacadan

Paiwan Scaro ngasaw

Bunun sowal finacadan

Bunun finacadan Po ngasaw 

Kawali Taywan Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan 

Ka’amisay sowal finacadan

Kavalan finacadan (ira ho ko sowal) 

Houhou finacadan

Ketagalan finacadan

Luilang finacadan

Pazih finacadan (palowad to sowal)[30]

Trobian finacadan

Linao finacadan 

Kaetip katimolay sowal finacadan

Siraya finacadan (palowad to sowal)

Makatao finacadan

Tajialiyang tamdaw

Fangsuo tamdaw

Langqiao tamdaw

Xiaoliuqiu tamdaw

Taivoan finacadan (palowad to sowal) [7]</text>
      <sha1>fd2qv8rn637hpqtpur3xf11yy52oomy</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>46900</id>
      <parentid>46899</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-07-07T01:10:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Masaonikar</username>
        <id>570</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Padetengan no finacadan (主要族群) */</comment>
      <origin>46900</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="16894" sha1="rp3m3ekis7ikxd5ti4vy5dk3pxge4qt" xml:space="preserve">== Pinpu finacadan (平埔族群) ==
Pinpu finacadan, to hatiniay Pinpoco han ko pitahidang, o pisiiked to sapikown to yincumin no Taywan a tahidang koni[2]. O roma a tahidang o Kaosancu; ikor midoedo to mikingkiway, ponkaan, itiya a mafana’ to o ’alomanay a finacadan caay ko cecayay a finacadan sato, anini falican ko pitahidang o Pinpocu fuinacadan hanto. Oya ’alomanay Pinpuco finacadan tangsa anini caay ho haydaen no Conghuaminko sifo o yincuminco caira, dengan oya pakapian i ’Amis finacadan a Kavalan finacadan.

Pinpu finacadan i’ayaw no pikowan no netherland, spain itiya o “Aporicini-アボリジニ” han ko pitahidang; pikowan to no Mancin i, saheto o mapalatamdaway, maecakay finacadan[1], ato Nama no fan, wairudona fan sanay ko pasasi’ayaw[3]:12. Orasaka o Cori sareta, Aporicini-アボリジニ itiraay i “Dafdafay pala” (Pingti caopu), samasa o sowal pangangan o Pingpuah, Pucirin, Pingpufan (Payrang: Pi-poo-hoan; Inkiris Pepohoan[4][5][6]), onini “Pinpu” a sowal todong “Dafdaf” ano eca “enaray” sanay ko todong no sowal[7].

Tangasa to pikowan no Dipong a to’ek “Taywan Fancin demak” a tilidan o yincumin malitosa Kaosancu, Pinpuco[3]:13, kasaniyaro’ a Pinpuco finacadan ona palowaday to pifalic pala “Tongninco” sanay a syakay onto[5][8]. Tangasa no Conghuaminko to’ek a mikowan miteka o rayray no Pinpuco malasawaday to ko finacadan harateng, caay to pala o yincuminco cangra; ikor makerih to ko mikingkiway t ofinacadan no Taywan, onini likisi no Pinpuco miteka a masafaloco’ no syakay, nika o Pinpuco a finacadan ona oya “Pinpuco” koni finacadan, saan to ikor miliyaw a misilsil to kasasiiked masiroma[2][3]:18.

O Saisiyat ato Thao finadan ona nipacomodan i Pinpu a finacadan, nengnengen “Pinpuco”, “mapalatamdaway”, “maecakay finacadan” ato “manta’ finacadan” sanay ko pisiiked, onini o sakanga’ay no papotalay mikowan, caayay pidotoc to no yincuminco i nihamonan no niyah konini pisiiked, saka aniniay a pipangangan no Pinpu ano eca palowad to ngangan a onto. Tangasa 2022 miheca 10 folad 28 romi’ad, ono Conghuaminko kimpo a hoyin saki Silaya finacadan to kacingangan no yincumin a demak i, mihapiw to itiyaay ho “Rikec no kacingangan no yincumin” o caayay ka tatodong i kimpo, patodongen to tolo miheca ko pisalofan, mihayda to no Kaosancu a pisingsi malayincuminco o nano Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no Taywan, midotoc a pakayni sakacingangan nai tatapangan no rikec ko Pinpu finacadan[9].  

=== Likisi (歷史)   ===
O Pinpu a finacadan nai ’ayaw 17 sician katayni no Payrang i Taywan i, malesap nai ka’amis Yilan, Kilong tangasa katimol mililisay to saetip a riyar a dafdaf a sera, itira ira ko kasasiromaan no ponka, sowal, niyaro’ ko pihamon a saniyaro’an no sa’opo.

Pinpu a fuinacadan ka’amis nai Suaw ato Tayal a kasasilaed, katimol nai Fanliaw ato Paiwanfinacadan malalaed, ikor maepec no Payrang o roma i malinah tayra roma a pala, matiya o Hengcun, Puli, Kalingko Posong.

=== Pakayraan no sowal (詞源) ===
“Pinpu” a sowal a padotocan, manga’ay so’edacen nai Cingcao Yongceng pikowan Huangsujin “Taihai sicalu” (ikor no 1742 miheca), onini a tilid masowal ko “kasa Pinpu a saniyaro’” a sowal, ikor nai ci Chen Lunjiong a “Haikuo wencienlu” (1731 miheca) ira masadak ko “Pinpu yincumin” a sowal[3]:13.

Nawhani o ponka no yincumin macacofelay i no Payrang a finacadan, orasaka i ’ayaway no Payrang a rayray no likisi no Taywan masowal ko “Fan” [3]. Nai “Fan” a tilidan, pahecian a sowal a minengneng, “Fan” oya “macengelay” ato “omah” patatekoan, o maomahay a tamdaw sanay ko pitoro’, matiniay ko sa’orip. Nika, itini i romaay finacadan konengneng, “Fan” iraay ko mipelesay, miepecay a sowal[11].

I’ayaw yincumin no Taywan dengan o “niyaro’” ko iraay awaay ko “finacadan” sanay a latrkan[3]:12, orasaka o niyaro’ sato ko pitahidang. Tinako: Tacia kawaliay niyaro’ (tongsya) ato Tacia kaetipay niyaro’ “sisya” maro’ay, sacisowal sato o Tasya a tamdaw. O Pinpu finacadan ano eca Pinpu maecakay finacadan sanay a sowal i matiliday, o sapisiiked toya mangta’ay finacadan ato malafelay finacadan ato lotokay finacadan sanay ko pasasiromaan.

Talacawa nai 18 sician matilid no Mancin o Maecakay a Pinpu sanay ko pitahidang, mika itira i 19 sician mangalef ko nikasowal[4]. Rahodayen ko sowal, i 18 sician matilid o “Pinpu fan”, “Pinpu maecakay fan”, o patoro’ to itiraay i dafdafay no Pintong, dafdafay no Yilan, dafdafay no Posong ato dafdafay no Hengcun a yincumin finacadan. So’elinen ko sowal, o nisowalan no mita anini oya “Pinpu finacadan” tosaay ko pisimed to sasowalen: “Pinpu” ato “Maecakay finacadan”. O cecay a sowal “Pinpu” malifong i kasaniyaro’, oya “maecakay a finacadan” o sowal no mikowanay; nika soelinay, naikoran no Mancin, “Pinpu”, “Maecakay finacadan” itiraay i kasasiroma no finacadan, o mirarakatay a sdowal koni a pitahidang. O pisetek malecaday o pisiiked to sasiroma no sa’etal, tinako itiraay i Hencun, “Maecakay finacadan” snay a pisetek to micamolay to Payrang ato Yincumin, saka “Maecakay finacadan” a niyaro’ han ko pitahidang.  

=== Kasasiiked (分類) ===
Talacowa naira ko tamdawan, kasasiromaroma no tamdaw itiya to masasikihar ko ira ko “sasiiked no rocok”. Nika, kaira no tamdaw ira ko “finacadan” ato “finawlan” ko pisiiked to tamdaw o ikoray to ko nian, mangalef piteka no i’ayaw no 100 miheca picalap no micingcingay ato misatekeday ko pikowanan ho itiya. O Taywan saheto o “masiikeday ko finacadan” saka matiniay ko kamatira no to’ekan mapalowan.  

Ka Dipongan no Taywan o mitakedan a micowat ko pikowan to Taywan itiya, o patodong no pikowan, o pisapinangaw misolap ato sapinang to finacadan ato sera no Taywan, saan micowat misaiked to fanacadan no Taywan ko tayal (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b); tinako oya tayniay nai congko a Minan sa’etal a Ngayngay tamdaw palaPayrangen, ’ayaway nano Ngayngay palaNgayngayen ko pakika.

Miteka, hakasi no Dipong paretatenga oya maro’ay i dafdaf a Pinpu finacadan a yincumin malaPayrang to, dengan to oya “Pinpu finacadan” ano eca “Pinpufan” a nisowalan o pihaop aca, oya nisiikedan a finacadan palao “Takayamacu” patodong. Ikor, o hakasi no Dipong to mamalasawad a ponka no Pinpu finacadan ira to ko masatalolongay a nikafana’an saka, nanoya oya nisowalan a “Pinpu finacadan”, so’elinen halo adihayay kasasiroma no sowal, kasasiroma a ponka no finacadan.

Nikawrira, ’ayaw no 90 no mihecaan, o hakasi sakiPinpu finacadan masasiroma ko pisiiked, ira ko 7 finacadan 14 sangasaw, ira ko 8 finacadan, 9 finacadan, 10 finacadan, 12 finacadan sanay (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b).

Midotoc to aniniay mikingkiway pahecian, saki “Pinpu finacadan”, “Takayamacu” a kasasiiked, caay ko tataparan sanay masasiiked ko finawlan, o nano nai 17 sician ko nisanga’an a likisi, nawhani kasafinacadan a ’orip a sofal ato Palapayrangan a ko saka milafotay to calay. Roma a sowal, o nian “Pinpu finacadan” a kasasiroma no ponka, latek ikaka to cecay no “Pinpucu” ato cecay no “Takasakoco” a kasasiroma, o cecay no “Pinpu finacadan” ato cecay no “Takasako finacadan” latek oya cecayay a finacadan. Tinako sasowalen, nai sowal ato ponka ko pinengneng, samangataay to no ’Amis finacadan a Slaya, Taman ato Makataw finacadan no Taywan a Pinpu finacadan; o sowal ato Saysiyak finacadan mangata to Loylon finacadan no yincuminco.

=== Pakayraan no finacadan (族源) ===
Midoedo to no aniniay nipikingkiw misaheci, pakayraan no Pinpuco a ponka saheto o nai Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no Taywan. Onini a finacadan malesap itini i Taypinyang ato Intoyang, samaraayay manga’ay rapoten koya maraayay to Taywan a Easter Island ato Madagascar.

Dotocen ko kaitiraan, o itiraay i paka’amisay a finacadan no Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan i Taywan ko Pinpu a finacadan. So’elinen o I’ayaway no fa’elohay fokelohan a to’ek ko kaira ano eca talahakel i Taywan ko Pinpu finacadan, o nano mikiriyaray a finacadan. O piwacay no Yincuminco wiyinhuy to yincuminco no Taywan ato Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no hekal a kasakihar i pahapinang to o “nao Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan ko finacadan no Taywan, sakitamdawan ono Malay a tamdawan saka, o paka’amisay no Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan ko Taywan” saan[12].

==== No kaDipongan to’ek a pisilsil (日治時期的分類) ====
Saki Pinpu finacadan a pisilisil, awaay ko masongila’ay a kadadoedo no pisilsil i pikowan no Dipong to Taywan. Itira sa i Netherland a mikowan dengan sa o no kasaniyaro’ a ngangan, oraan sa ko pidoedoan kasasilsil no sa’etal, masa’isal ko pinapina sa’etal no finacadan. Ono i Mancin ni Huang Shujing to “Fansu liukao” a tilid i, malecad to pakayni kasasilsil a palaan misiiked a 13 niyaro’ ko yincumin funacadan.

Tangasa no Dipongan a to’ak, ona Ino Yoshinori, awaya den'nojo a “Taiwan yicumin mondai” (1900) a tilidan itiya to madadoedo ko pisilsil misiiked, ikor to ni Ino Yoshinori a “Taiwan yincumin seici” (1900) a tilidan, itiya masalof ko kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan, kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan ira: Ketagalan, Kavalan, Taokas, Pazih, Papora, Babuza, Arikun, Lloa, Siraya, Makattao 10 finacadan.

Oni Ino Yoshinori a nisiikedan kadadoedo o kacipinangan to pidoedoan, ona Igawa Kazo, Ogawa Tadayoshi, Mabuchi Toichi o pasadakay to kasasiiked siroma no pisilsil (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b). o kalaliyangan ira ko pinapina:

Pakayni to na 2 finacadan Arikun ato Lloa o papalacecayen ko finacadan: o roma a hakasi pasilacecay han koni 2 finacadan, o Hoanya a finacadan han saan. Nika midotoc to no hakasi ca Yung Kayin and Chung Yulan a pisapinang i, paretatenga to Hoanya alatek o nano Folaohua (Fan) a moraraway ko pipasetek. Ono finacadan to inika sasiroma no pihamon, pako niyah sa ko paratatenga.

’Eca ko malecaday to no Ketagalan a finacadan, ano eca padoedoen ho ko pisiiked. Pakayni to sowalan hakasi ca Tsuchida Shigeru aci Lee Inkee paretatenga a nisowalan, oya Ketagalan finacadan salongan malitoloay kasasiroma no sowal saan: Basay, Leilang ato Kulon. Oya Siraiya, Taivoan ato Makattao o masasiromaay ano eca o cecay a finacadan. Tangasa anini o ’alomanay a hakasi a midoedoan tono mikarkaray to notamdawan, sowalan ato lodisan masapinang, patongal no finacadan pihamon to niyah, paretatenga o na toloay ngasaw o masasiromaay caayay kalecad a yincuminco[13][14][15][16][17][18].   

Oni Ikawako no Zang itiniay ni Ino Kasunori saceker mapacomod ko Thao finacadan, o nano Pinpu finacadan ano eca o kaosanco finacadan.

==== Ikoray no kalalood a pisiiked (戰後的分類) ====
Pinapina mihecaan, no hakasi sakiPinpu finacadan a pisiiked, ira to ko fa’elohay a nengneng. No Dipong a hakasi ci Tsuchida Shigeru i 1985 mihecaan misiikedan (nengneng Tsuchida 1985), masiiked ko Pinpu finacadan to 12 finacadan: oya Kavalan, Basay, Ketagalan, Kulon, Taokas, Pazih, Papora, Babuza, Hoanya, Siraya, Makattao, Taivoan a finacadan.

Oni Li Yiyuan misiikedan to Pinpu finacadan masiiked 10 finacadan, oya Kavalan, Kentagalan, Luilang, Taokas, Papora, Babiza, Hoanya, Pazeh, Suisalien(Thau), Siraya finacadan[19]:14.  

Taywan sowalan hakasi ci Li Rengui ira ko masasiromaay a nengneng, nai 1996 miheca “Taywan Pinpu finacadan kasasiiked ato kasasikihar masiiked” a tilid, pasadak to 7 finacadan 14 ko sangasaw a nengneng: Thau, Kavalan, Ketagalan [5], Baburan [6], Pazih, Hoanya, Siraya. Ikor pakayni i sowal fa’elohay kasapinang, I 2006 miheca ato 2010 miheca mihapiw to nitilidan, oya Taivoan ato Makattao nai kaetipay Siraya amasadak[13][14].   

=== Kasamihecaan kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan. (歷年平埔族群分類)[20][21][22][23] ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
| colspan=&quot;19&quot; |'''歷年平埔族群分類'''
|-
|'''年代'''
|'''研究者'''
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; |'''族名'''
|-
|1904
|伊能嘉矩
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Vupuran
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Poavosa
|Arikun
|Lloa
|Pazzehe
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|Makattao
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1930
|移川子之藏
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Vupuran
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazeh
|Sao
|Tao
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1935
|小川尚義
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Vupuran
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazzehe
|Sao
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1944
|小川尚義
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|Luilang
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Papora
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazeh
|Sao
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1951
|張耀錡
|卡瓦蘭

（Kavalan）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |凱達格蘭

（Ketagalan）
|道卡斯

（Taokas）
|拍瀑拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴布薩

（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
|拍宰海

（Pazeh）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |西拉雅

（Siraya）
|四社熟番

（Taivoan）
|-
|1955
|李亦園
|噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|雷朗

（Luilang）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |凱達格蘭

（Ketagalan）
|道卡斯

（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |貓霧拺

（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |和安雅

（Hoanya）
|巴則海

（Pazeh）
|水沙連
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1970
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |台灣省通志
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |卡瓦蘭

（Kavalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |凱達格蘭

（Ketagalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |道卡斯

（Taokas）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |拍瀑拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴布薩

（Babuza／Poavasa）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅（Hoanya）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴則海

（Pazeh／Pazex）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
|Arikun
|Lloa
|馬卡道
|西拉雅
|四社熟番
|-
|1985-1991
|土田滋
|Kavalan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ketagalan
|Basay
|Kulon
|Taokas
|Papora
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazzahe
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|Makatao
|Siraya
|Taivoan
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1991
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |李壬癸
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |凱達格蘭（Ketagalan）
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |巴布薩（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴則海

（Pazeh）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |邵

（Thao）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
|雷朗（Luilang）
|哆囉美遠

（Trobian）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴賽（Basay）
|道卡斯（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
|貓霧拺（Babuza）
|費佛朗

（Favorlang）
|Makatao
|Siraya
|Taivoan
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1996
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |李壬癸
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |猴猴

（Qauqaut）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |凱達格蘭（Ketagalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |龜崙

（Kulon）
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |巴布蘭（Baburan）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴則海

（Pazeh）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |邵

（Thao）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
|雷朗（Luilang）
|哆囉美遠

（Trobian）
|馬賽（Basay）
|道卡斯（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
|貓霧拺（Babuza）
|費佛朗

（Favorlang）
|馬卡道（Makatao）
|西拉雅（Siraya）
|四社熟番（Taivoan）
|-
|2006-2010
|李壬癸
|噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |巴賽（凱達格蘭）

（Basay (Ketagalan)）
|龜崙

（Kulon）
|道卡斯

（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |貓霧拺（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
|巴宰

（Pazih）
|邵

（Thao）
|馬卡道（Makatao）
|西拉雅（Siraya）
|大武壠（Taivoan）
|}

=== Padetengan no finacadan (主要族群) ===
Ka’amis Taywan Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan

Tayal finacadan

Tayal Mie ngasaw

Kaetip ka’amis sowal finacadan

Saysyak finacadan (’ayaway pisiiked)

Kulon finacadan

Pazih finacadan

Pazih finacadan (palowad to sowal) [24][25]

Kahawu finacadan (palowad to sowal) [26][27][28]

Kaetip dafdafay sowal finacadan

Thao finacadan (’ayaway pisiiked)

Taokas finacadan (palowad to sowal) [29]

Papora finacadan

Babuza finacadan

Favorlang finacadan

Hoanya finacadan

Arikun finacadan

Lloa finacadan

Katimol Taywan Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan

Paiwan sowal finacadan

Paiwan Scaro ngasaw

Bunun sowal finacadan

Bunun finacadan Po ngasaw 

Kawali Taywan Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan 

Ka’amisay sowal finacadan

Kavalan finacadan (ira ho ko sowal) 

Houhou finacadan

Ketagalan finacadan

Luilang finacadan

Pazih finacadan (palowad to sowal)[30]

Trobian finacadan

Linao finacadan 

Kaetip katimolay sowal finacadan

Siraya finacadan (palowad to sowal)

Makatao finacadan

Tajialiyang tamdaw

Fangsuo tamdaw

Langqiao tamdaw

Xiaoliuqiu tamdaw

Taivoan finacadan (palowad to sowal) [7]

=== Ponka (文化) ===</text>
      <sha1>rp3m3ekis7ikxd5ti4vy5dk3pxge4qt</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>46901</id>
      <parentid>46900</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-07-07T01:10:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Masaonikar</username>
        <id>570</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Ponka (文化) */</comment>
      <origin>46901</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="16923" sha1="nzdvobt0gfynfm6ojt3htn75brbsn2s" xml:space="preserve">== Pinpu finacadan (平埔族群) ==
Pinpu finacadan, to hatiniay Pinpoco han ko pitahidang, o pisiiked to sapikown to yincumin no Taywan a tahidang koni[2]. O roma a tahidang o Kaosancu; ikor midoedo to mikingkiway, ponkaan, itiya a mafana’ to o ’alomanay a finacadan caay ko cecayay a finacadan sato, anini falican ko pitahidang o Pinpocu fuinacadan hanto. Oya ’alomanay Pinpuco finacadan tangsa anini caay ho haydaen no Conghuaminko sifo o yincuminco caira, dengan oya pakapian i ’Amis finacadan a Kavalan finacadan.

Pinpu finacadan i’ayaw no pikowan no netherland, spain itiya o “Aporicini-アボリジニ” han ko pitahidang; pikowan to no Mancin i, saheto o mapalatamdaway, maecakay finacadan[1], ato Nama no fan, wairudona fan sanay ko pasasi’ayaw[3]:12. Orasaka o Cori sareta, Aporicini-アボリジニ itiraay i “Dafdafay pala” (Pingti caopu), samasa o sowal pangangan o Pingpuah, Pucirin, Pingpufan (Payrang: Pi-poo-hoan; Inkiris Pepohoan[4][5][6]), onini “Pinpu” a sowal todong “Dafdaf” ano eca “enaray” sanay ko todong no sowal[7].

Tangasa to pikowan no Dipong a to’ek “Taywan Fancin demak” a tilidan o yincumin malitosa Kaosancu, Pinpuco[3]:13, kasaniyaro’ a Pinpuco finacadan ona palowaday to pifalic pala “Tongninco” sanay a syakay onto[5][8]. Tangasa no Conghuaminko to’ek a mikowan miteka o rayray no Pinpuco malasawaday to ko finacadan harateng, caay to pala o yincuminco cangra; ikor makerih to ko mikingkiway t ofinacadan no Taywan, onini likisi no Pinpuco miteka a masafaloco’ no syakay, nika o Pinpuco a finacadan ona oya “Pinpuco” koni finacadan, saan to ikor miliyaw a misilsil to kasasiiked masiroma[2][3]:18.

O Saisiyat ato Thao finadan ona nipacomodan i Pinpu a finacadan, nengnengen “Pinpuco”, “mapalatamdaway”, “maecakay finacadan” ato “manta’ finacadan” sanay ko pisiiked, onini o sakanga’ay no papotalay mikowan, caayay pidotoc to no yincuminco i nihamonan no niyah konini pisiiked, saka aniniay a pipangangan no Pinpu ano eca palowad to ngangan a onto. Tangasa 2022 miheca 10 folad 28 romi’ad, ono Conghuaminko kimpo a hoyin saki Silaya finacadan to kacingangan no yincumin a demak i, mihapiw to itiyaay ho “Rikec no kacingangan no yincumin” o caayay ka tatodong i kimpo, patodongen to tolo miheca ko pisalofan, mihayda to no Kaosancu a pisingsi malayincuminco o nano Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no Taywan, midotoc a pakayni sakacingangan nai tatapangan no rikec ko Pinpu finacadan[9].  

=== Likisi (歷史)   ===
O Pinpu a finacadan nai ’ayaw 17 sician katayni no Payrang i Taywan i, malesap nai ka’amis Yilan, Kilong tangasa katimol mililisay to saetip a riyar a dafdaf a sera, itira ira ko kasasiromaan no ponka, sowal, niyaro’ ko pihamon a saniyaro’an no sa’opo.

Pinpu a fuinacadan ka’amis nai Suaw ato Tayal a kasasilaed, katimol nai Fanliaw ato Paiwanfinacadan malalaed, ikor maepec no Payrang o roma i malinah tayra roma a pala, matiya o Hengcun, Puli, Kalingko Posong.

=== Pakayraan no sowal (詞源) ===
“Pinpu” a sowal a padotocan, manga’ay so’edacen nai Cingcao Yongceng pikowan Huangsujin “Taihai sicalu” (ikor no 1742 miheca), onini a tilid masowal ko “kasa Pinpu a saniyaro’” a sowal, ikor nai ci Chen Lunjiong a “Haikuo wencienlu” (1731 miheca) ira masadak ko “Pinpu yincumin” a sowal[3]:13.

Nawhani o ponka no yincumin macacofelay i no Payrang a finacadan, orasaka i ’ayaway no Payrang a rayray no likisi no Taywan masowal ko “Fan” [3]. Nai “Fan” a tilidan, pahecian a sowal a minengneng, “Fan” oya “macengelay” ato “omah” patatekoan, o maomahay a tamdaw sanay ko pitoro’, matiniay ko sa’orip. Nika, itini i romaay finacadan konengneng, “Fan” iraay ko mipelesay, miepecay a sowal[11].

I’ayaw yincumin no Taywan dengan o “niyaro’” ko iraay awaay ko “finacadan” sanay a latrkan[3]:12, orasaka o niyaro’ sato ko pitahidang. Tinako: Tacia kawaliay niyaro’ (tongsya) ato Tacia kaetipay niyaro’ “sisya” maro’ay, sacisowal sato o Tasya a tamdaw. O Pinpu finacadan ano eca Pinpu maecakay finacadan sanay a sowal i matiliday, o sapisiiked toya mangta’ay finacadan ato malafelay finacadan ato lotokay finacadan sanay ko pasasiromaan.

Talacawa nai 18 sician matilid no Mancin o Maecakay a Pinpu sanay ko pitahidang, mika itira i 19 sician mangalef ko nikasowal[4]. Rahodayen ko sowal, i 18 sician matilid o “Pinpu fan”, “Pinpu maecakay fan”, o patoro’ to itiraay i dafdafay no Pintong, dafdafay no Yilan, dafdafay no Posong ato dafdafay no Hengcun a yincumin finacadan. So’elinen ko sowal, o nisowalan no mita anini oya “Pinpu finacadan” tosaay ko pisimed to sasowalen: “Pinpu” ato “Maecakay finacadan”. O cecay a sowal “Pinpu” malifong i kasaniyaro’, oya “maecakay a finacadan” o sowal no mikowanay; nika soelinay, naikoran no Mancin, “Pinpu”, “Maecakay finacadan” itiraay i kasasiroma no finacadan, o mirarakatay a sdowal koni a pitahidang. O pisetek malecaday o pisiiked to sasiroma no sa’etal, tinako itiraay i Hencun, “Maecakay finacadan” snay a pisetek to micamolay to Payrang ato Yincumin, saka “Maecakay finacadan” a niyaro’ han ko pitahidang.  

=== Kasasiiked (分類) ===
Talacowa naira ko tamdawan, kasasiromaroma no tamdaw itiya to masasikihar ko ira ko “sasiiked no rocok”. Nika, kaira no tamdaw ira ko “finacadan” ato “finawlan” ko pisiiked to tamdaw o ikoray to ko nian, mangalef piteka no i’ayaw no 100 miheca picalap no micingcingay ato misatekeday ko pikowanan ho itiya. O Taywan saheto o “masiikeday ko finacadan” saka matiniay ko kamatira no to’ekan mapalowan.  

Ka Dipongan no Taywan o mitakedan a micowat ko pikowan to Taywan itiya, o patodong no pikowan, o pisapinangaw misolap ato sapinang to finacadan ato sera no Taywan, saan micowat misaiked to fanacadan no Taywan ko tayal (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b); tinako oya tayniay nai congko a Minan sa’etal a Ngayngay tamdaw palaPayrangen, ’ayaway nano Ngayngay palaNgayngayen ko pakika.

Miteka, hakasi no Dipong paretatenga oya maro’ay i dafdaf a Pinpu finacadan a yincumin malaPayrang to, dengan to oya “Pinpu finacadan” ano eca “Pinpufan” a nisowalan o pihaop aca, oya nisiikedan a finacadan palao “Takayamacu” patodong. Ikor, o hakasi no Dipong to mamalasawad a ponka no Pinpu finacadan ira to ko masatalolongay a nikafana’an saka, nanoya oya nisowalan a “Pinpu finacadan”, so’elinen halo adihayay kasasiroma no sowal, kasasiroma a ponka no finacadan.

Nikawrira, ’ayaw no 90 no mihecaan, o hakasi sakiPinpu finacadan masasiroma ko pisiiked, ira ko 7 finacadan 14 sangasaw, ira ko 8 finacadan, 9 finacadan, 10 finacadan, 12 finacadan sanay (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b).

Midotoc to aniniay mikingkiway pahecian, saki “Pinpu finacadan”, “Takayamacu” a kasasiiked, caay ko tataparan sanay masasiiked ko finawlan, o nano nai 17 sician ko nisanga’an a likisi, nawhani kasafinacadan a ’orip a sofal ato Palapayrangan a ko saka milafotay to calay. Roma a sowal, o nian “Pinpu finacadan” a kasasiroma no ponka, latek ikaka to cecay no “Pinpucu” ato cecay no “Takasakoco” a kasasiroma, o cecay no “Pinpu finacadan” ato cecay no “Takasako finacadan” latek oya cecayay a finacadan. Tinako sasowalen, nai sowal ato ponka ko pinengneng, samangataay to no ’Amis finacadan a Slaya, Taman ato Makataw finacadan no Taywan a Pinpu finacadan; o sowal ato Saysiyak finacadan mangata to Loylon finacadan no yincuminco.

=== Pakayraan no finacadan (族源) ===
Midoedo to no aniniay nipikingkiw misaheci, pakayraan no Pinpuco a ponka saheto o nai Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no Taywan. Onini a finacadan malesap itini i Taypinyang ato Intoyang, samaraayay manga’ay rapoten koya maraayay to Taywan a Easter Island ato Madagascar.

Dotocen ko kaitiraan, o itiraay i paka’amisay a finacadan no Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan i Taywan ko Pinpu a finacadan. So’elinen o I’ayaway no fa’elohay fokelohan a to’ek ko kaira ano eca talahakel i Taywan ko Pinpu finacadan, o nano mikiriyaray a finacadan. O piwacay no Yincuminco wiyinhuy to yincuminco no Taywan ato Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no hekal a kasakihar i pahapinang to o “nao Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan ko finacadan no Taywan, sakitamdawan ono Malay a tamdawan saka, o paka’amisay no Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan ko Taywan” saan[12].

==== No kaDipongan to’ek a pisilsil (日治時期的分類) ====
Saki Pinpu finacadan a pisilisil, awaay ko masongila’ay a kadadoedo no pisilsil i pikowan no Dipong to Taywan. Itira sa i Netherland a mikowan dengan sa o no kasaniyaro’ a ngangan, oraan sa ko pidoedoan kasasilsil no sa’etal, masa’isal ko pinapina sa’etal no finacadan. Ono i Mancin ni Huang Shujing to “Fansu liukao” a tilid i, malecad to pakayni kasasilsil a palaan misiiked a 13 niyaro’ ko yincumin funacadan.

Tangasa no Dipongan a to’ak, ona Ino Yoshinori, awaya den'nojo a “Taiwan yicumin mondai” (1900) a tilidan itiya to madadoedo ko pisilsil misiiked, ikor to ni Ino Yoshinori a “Taiwan yincumin seici” (1900) a tilidan, itiya masalof ko kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan, kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan ira: Ketagalan, Kavalan, Taokas, Pazih, Papora, Babuza, Arikun, Lloa, Siraya, Makattao 10 finacadan.

Oni Ino Yoshinori a nisiikedan kadadoedo o kacipinangan to pidoedoan, ona Igawa Kazo, Ogawa Tadayoshi, Mabuchi Toichi o pasadakay to kasasiiked siroma no pisilsil (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b). o kalaliyangan ira ko pinapina:

Pakayni to na 2 finacadan Arikun ato Lloa o papalacecayen ko finacadan: o roma a hakasi pasilacecay han koni 2 finacadan, o Hoanya a finacadan han saan. Nika midotoc to no hakasi ca Yung Kayin and Chung Yulan a pisapinang i, paretatenga to Hoanya alatek o nano Folaohua (Fan) a moraraway ko pipasetek. Ono finacadan to inika sasiroma no pihamon, pako niyah sa ko paratatenga.

’Eca ko malecaday to no Ketagalan a finacadan, ano eca padoedoen ho ko pisiiked. Pakayni to sowalan hakasi ca Tsuchida Shigeru aci Lee Inkee paretatenga a nisowalan, oya Ketagalan finacadan salongan malitoloay kasasiroma no sowal saan: Basay, Leilang ato Kulon. Oya Siraiya, Taivoan ato Makattao o masasiromaay ano eca o cecay a finacadan. Tangasa anini o ’alomanay a hakasi a midoedoan tono mikarkaray to notamdawan, sowalan ato lodisan masapinang, patongal no finacadan pihamon to niyah, paretatenga o na toloay ngasaw o masasiromaay caayay kalecad a yincuminco[13][14][15][16][17][18].   

Oni Ikawako no Zang itiniay ni Ino Kasunori saceker mapacomod ko Thao finacadan, o nano Pinpu finacadan ano eca o kaosanco finacadan.

==== Ikoray no kalalood a pisiiked (戰後的分類) ====
Pinapina mihecaan, no hakasi sakiPinpu finacadan a pisiiked, ira to ko fa’elohay a nengneng. No Dipong a hakasi ci Tsuchida Shigeru i 1985 mihecaan misiikedan (nengneng Tsuchida 1985), masiiked ko Pinpu finacadan to 12 finacadan: oya Kavalan, Basay, Ketagalan, Kulon, Taokas, Pazih, Papora, Babuza, Hoanya, Siraya, Makattao, Taivoan a finacadan.

Oni Li Yiyuan misiikedan to Pinpu finacadan masiiked 10 finacadan, oya Kavalan, Kentagalan, Luilang, Taokas, Papora, Babiza, Hoanya, Pazeh, Suisalien(Thau), Siraya finacadan[19]:14.  

Taywan sowalan hakasi ci Li Rengui ira ko masasiromaay a nengneng, nai 1996 miheca “Taywan Pinpu finacadan kasasiiked ato kasasikihar masiiked” a tilid, pasadak to 7 finacadan 14 ko sangasaw a nengneng: Thau, Kavalan, Ketagalan [5], Baburan [6], Pazih, Hoanya, Siraya. Ikor pakayni i sowal fa’elohay kasapinang, I 2006 miheca ato 2010 miheca mihapiw to nitilidan, oya Taivoan ato Makattao nai kaetipay Siraya amasadak[13][14].   

=== Kasamihecaan kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan. (歷年平埔族群分類)[20][21][22][23] ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
| colspan=&quot;19&quot; |'''歷年平埔族群分類'''
|-
|'''年代'''
|'''研究者'''
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; |'''族名'''
|-
|1904
|伊能嘉矩
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Vupuran
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Poavosa
|Arikun
|Lloa
|Pazzehe
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|Makattao
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1930
|移川子之藏
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Vupuran
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazeh
|Sao
|Tao
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1935
|小川尚義
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Vupuran
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazzehe
|Sao
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1944
|小川尚義
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|Luilang
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Papora
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazeh
|Sao
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1951
|張耀錡
|卡瓦蘭

（Kavalan）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |凱達格蘭

（Ketagalan）
|道卡斯

（Taokas）
|拍瀑拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴布薩

（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
|拍宰海

（Pazeh）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |西拉雅

（Siraya）
|四社熟番

（Taivoan）
|-
|1955
|李亦園
|噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|雷朗

（Luilang）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |凱達格蘭

（Ketagalan）
|道卡斯

（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |貓霧拺

（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |和安雅

（Hoanya）
|巴則海

（Pazeh）
|水沙連
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1970
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |台灣省通志
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |卡瓦蘭

（Kavalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |凱達格蘭

（Ketagalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |道卡斯

（Taokas）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |拍瀑拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴布薩

（Babuza／Poavasa）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅（Hoanya）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴則海

（Pazeh／Pazex）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
|Arikun
|Lloa
|馬卡道
|西拉雅
|四社熟番
|-
|1985-1991
|土田滋
|Kavalan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ketagalan
|Basay
|Kulon
|Taokas
|Papora
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazzahe
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|Makatao
|Siraya
|Taivoan
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1991
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |李壬癸
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |凱達格蘭（Ketagalan）
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |巴布薩（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴則海

（Pazeh）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |邵

（Thao）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
|雷朗（Luilang）
|哆囉美遠

（Trobian）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴賽（Basay）
|道卡斯（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
|貓霧拺（Babuza）
|費佛朗

（Favorlang）
|Makatao
|Siraya
|Taivoan
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1996
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |李壬癸
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |猴猴

（Qauqaut）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |凱達格蘭（Ketagalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |龜崙

（Kulon）
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |巴布蘭（Baburan）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴則海

（Pazeh）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |邵

（Thao）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
|雷朗（Luilang）
|哆囉美遠

（Trobian）
|馬賽（Basay）
|道卡斯（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
|貓霧拺（Babuza）
|費佛朗

（Favorlang）
|馬卡道（Makatao）
|西拉雅（Siraya）
|四社熟番（Taivoan）
|-
|2006-2010
|李壬癸
|噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |巴賽（凱達格蘭）

（Basay (Ketagalan)）
|龜崙

（Kulon）
|道卡斯

（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |貓霧拺（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
|巴宰

（Pazih）
|邵

（Thao）
|馬卡道（Makatao）
|西拉雅（Siraya）
|大武壠（Taivoan）
|}

=== Padetengan no finacadan (主要族群) ===
Ka’amis Taywan Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan

Tayal finacadan

Tayal Mie ngasaw

Kaetip ka’amis sowal finacadan

Saysyak finacadan (’ayaway pisiiked)

Kulon finacadan

Pazih finacadan

Pazih finacadan (palowad to sowal) [24][25]

Kahawu finacadan (palowad to sowal) [26][27][28]

Kaetip dafdafay sowal finacadan

Thao finacadan (’ayaway pisiiked)

Taokas finacadan (palowad to sowal) [29]

Papora finacadan

Babuza finacadan

Favorlang finacadan

Hoanya finacadan

Arikun finacadan

Lloa finacadan

Katimol Taywan Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan

Paiwan sowal finacadan

Paiwan Scaro ngasaw

Bunun sowal finacadan

Bunun finacadan Po ngasaw 

Kawali Taywan Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan 

Ka’amisay sowal finacadan

Kavalan finacadan (ira ho ko sowal) 

Houhou finacadan

Ketagalan finacadan

Luilang finacadan

Pazih finacadan (palowad to sowal)[30]

Trobian finacadan

Linao finacadan 

Kaetip katimolay sowal finacadan

Siraya finacadan (palowad to sowal)

Makatao finacadan

Tajialiyang tamdaw

Fangsuo tamdaw

Langqiao tamdaw

Xiaoliuqiu tamdaw

Taivoan finacadan (palowad to sowal) [7]

=== Ponka (文化) ===
Pa’atayan ngangan (姓氏)</text>
      <sha1>nzdvobt0gfynfm6ojt3htn75brbsn2s</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>46902</id>
      <parentid>46901</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-07-07T01:10:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Masaonikar</username>
        <id>570</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Ponka (文化) */</comment>
      <origin>46902</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="17501" sha1="rcs8p23kefkdx2j90q1wah4crhjrxum" xml:space="preserve">== Pinpu finacadan (平埔族群) ==
Pinpu finacadan, to hatiniay Pinpoco han ko pitahidang, o pisiiked to sapikown to yincumin no Taywan a tahidang koni[2]. O roma a tahidang o Kaosancu; ikor midoedo to mikingkiway, ponkaan, itiya a mafana’ to o ’alomanay a finacadan caay ko cecayay a finacadan sato, anini falican ko pitahidang o Pinpocu fuinacadan hanto. Oya ’alomanay Pinpuco finacadan tangsa anini caay ho haydaen no Conghuaminko sifo o yincuminco caira, dengan oya pakapian i ’Amis finacadan a Kavalan finacadan.

Pinpu finacadan i’ayaw no pikowan no netherland, spain itiya o “Aporicini-アボリジニ” han ko pitahidang; pikowan to no Mancin i, saheto o mapalatamdaway, maecakay finacadan[1], ato Nama no fan, wairudona fan sanay ko pasasi’ayaw[3]:12. Orasaka o Cori sareta, Aporicini-アボリジニ itiraay i “Dafdafay pala” (Pingti caopu), samasa o sowal pangangan o Pingpuah, Pucirin, Pingpufan (Payrang: Pi-poo-hoan; Inkiris Pepohoan[4][5][6]), onini “Pinpu” a sowal todong “Dafdaf” ano eca “enaray” sanay ko todong no sowal[7].

Tangasa to pikowan no Dipong a to’ek “Taywan Fancin demak” a tilidan o yincumin malitosa Kaosancu, Pinpuco[3]:13, kasaniyaro’ a Pinpuco finacadan ona palowaday to pifalic pala “Tongninco” sanay a syakay onto[5][8]. Tangasa no Conghuaminko to’ek a mikowan miteka o rayray no Pinpuco malasawaday to ko finacadan harateng, caay to pala o yincuminco cangra; ikor makerih to ko mikingkiway t ofinacadan no Taywan, onini likisi no Pinpuco miteka a masafaloco’ no syakay, nika o Pinpuco a finacadan ona oya “Pinpuco” koni finacadan, saan to ikor miliyaw a misilsil to kasasiiked masiroma[2][3]:18.

O Saisiyat ato Thao finadan ona nipacomodan i Pinpu a finacadan, nengnengen “Pinpuco”, “mapalatamdaway”, “maecakay finacadan” ato “manta’ finacadan” sanay ko pisiiked, onini o sakanga’ay no papotalay mikowan, caayay pidotoc to no yincuminco i nihamonan no niyah konini pisiiked, saka aniniay a pipangangan no Pinpu ano eca palowad to ngangan a onto. Tangasa 2022 miheca 10 folad 28 romi’ad, ono Conghuaminko kimpo a hoyin saki Silaya finacadan to kacingangan no yincumin a demak i, mihapiw to itiyaay ho “Rikec no kacingangan no yincumin” o caayay ka tatodong i kimpo, patodongen to tolo miheca ko pisalofan, mihayda to no Kaosancu a pisingsi malayincuminco o nano Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no Taywan, midotoc a pakayni sakacingangan nai tatapangan no rikec ko Pinpu finacadan[9].  

=== Likisi (歷史)   ===
O Pinpu a finacadan nai ’ayaw 17 sician katayni no Payrang i Taywan i, malesap nai ka’amis Yilan, Kilong tangasa katimol mililisay to saetip a riyar a dafdaf a sera, itira ira ko kasasiromaan no ponka, sowal, niyaro’ ko pihamon a saniyaro’an no sa’opo.

Pinpu a fuinacadan ka’amis nai Suaw ato Tayal a kasasilaed, katimol nai Fanliaw ato Paiwanfinacadan malalaed, ikor maepec no Payrang o roma i malinah tayra roma a pala, matiya o Hengcun, Puli, Kalingko Posong.

=== Pakayraan no sowal (詞源) ===
“Pinpu” a sowal a padotocan, manga’ay so’edacen nai Cingcao Yongceng pikowan Huangsujin “Taihai sicalu” (ikor no 1742 miheca), onini a tilid masowal ko “kasa Pinpu a saniyaro’” a sowal, ikor nai ci Chen Lunjiong a “Haikuo wencienlu” (1731 miheca) ira masadak ko “Pinpu yincumin” a sowal[3]:13.

Nawhani o ponka no yincumin macacofelay i no Payrang a finacadan, orasaka i ’ayaway no Payrang a rayray no likisi no Taywan masowal ko “Fan” [3]. Nai “Fan” a tilidan, pahecian a sowal a minengneng, “Fan” oya “macengelay” ato “omah” patatekoan, o maomahay a tamdaw sanay ko pitoro’, matiniay ko sa’orip. Nika, itini i romaay finacadan konengneng, “Fan” iraay ko mipelesay, miepecay a sowal[11].

I’ayaw yincumin no Taywan dengan o “niyaro’” ko iraay awaay ko “finacadan” sanay a latrkan[3]:12, orasaka o niyaro’ sato ko pitahidang. Tinako: Tacia kawaliay niyaro’ (tongsya) ato Tacia kaetipay niyaro’ “sisya” maro’ay, sacisowal sato o Tasya a tamdaw. O Pinpu finacadan ano eca Pinpu maecakay finacadan sanay a sowal i matiliday, o sapisiiked toya mangta’ay finacadan ato malafelay finacadan ato lotokay finacadan sanay ko pasasiromaan.

Talacawa nai 18 sician matilid no Mancin o Maecakay a Pinpu sanay ko pitahidang, mika itira i 19 sician mangalef ko nikasowal[4]. Rahodayen ko sowal, i 18 sician matilid o “Pinpu fan”, “Pinpu maecakay fan”, o patoro’ to itiraay i dafdafay no Pintong, dafdafay no Yilan, dafdafay no Posong ato dafdafay no Hengcun a yincumin finacadan. So’elinen ko sowal, o nisowalan no mita anini oya “Pinpu finacadan” tosaay ko pisimed to sasowalen: “Pinpu” ato “Maecakay finacadan”. O cecay a sowal “Pinpu” malifong i kasaniyaro’, oya “maecakay a finacadan” o sowal no mikowanay; nika soelinay, naikoran no Mancin, “Pinpu”, “Maecakay finacadan” itiraay i kasasiroma no finacadan, o mirarakatay a sdowal koni a pitahidang. O pisetek malecaday o pisiiked to sasiroma no sa’etal, tinako itiraay i Hencun, “Maecakay finacadan” snay a pisetek to micamolay to Payrang ato Yincumin, saka “Maecakay finacadan” a niyaro’ han ko pitahidang.  

=== Kasasiiked (分類) ===
Talacowa naira ko tamdawan, kasasiromaroma no tamdaw itiya to masasikihar ko ira ko “sasiiked no rocok”. Nika, kaira no tamdaw ira ko “finacadan” ato “finawlan” ko pisiiked to tamdaw o ikoray to ko nian, mangalef piteka no i’ayaw no 100 miheca picalap no micingcingay ato misatekeday ko pikowanan ho itiya. O Taywan saheto o “masiikeday ko finacadan” saka matiniay ko kamatira no to’ekan mapalowan.  

Ka Dipongan no Taywan o mitakedan a micowat ko pikowan to Taywan itiya, o patodong no pikowan, o pisapinangaw misolap ato sapinang to finacadan ato sera no Taywan, saan micowat misaiked to fanacadan no Taywan ko tayal (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b); tinako oya tayniay nai congko a Minan sa’etal a Ngayngay tamdaw palaPayrangen, ’ayaway nano Ngayngay palaNgayngayen ko pakika.

Miteka, hakasi no Dipong paretatenga oya maro’ay i dafdaf a Pinpu finacadan a yincumin malaPayrang to, dengan to oya “Pinpu finacadan” ano eca “Pinpufan” a nisowalan o pihaop aca, oya nisiikedan a finacadan palao “Takayamacu” patodong. Ikor, o hakasi no Dipong to mamalasawad a ponka no Pinpu finacadan ira to ko masatalolongay a nikafana’an saka, nanoya oya nisowalan a “Pinpu finacadan”, so’elinen halo adihayay kasasiroma no sowal, kasasiroma a ponka no finacadan.

Nikawrira, ’ayaw no 90 no mihecaan, o hakasi sakiPinpu finacadan masasiroma ko pisiiked, ira ko 7 finacadan 14 sangasaw, ira ko 8 finacadan, 9 finacadan, 10 finacadan, 12 finacadan sanay (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b).

Midotoc to aniniay mikingkiway pahecian, saki “Pinpu finacadan”, “Takayamacu” a kasasiiked, caay ko tataparan sanay masasiiked ko finawlan, o nano nai 17 sician ko nisanga’an a likisi, nawhani kasafinacadan a ’orip a sofal ato Palapayrangan a ko saka milafotay to calay. Roma a sowal, o nian “Pinpu finacadan” a kasasiroma no ponka, latek ikaka to cecay no “Pinpucu” ato cecay no “Takasakoco” a kasasiroma, o cecay no “Pinpu finacadan” ato cecay no “Takasako finacadan” latek oya cecayay a finacadan. Tinako sasowalen, nai sowal ato ponka ko pinengneng, samangataay to no ’Amis finacadan a Slaya, Taman ato Makataw finacadan no Taywan a Pinpu finacadan; o sowal ato Saysiyak finacadan mangata to Loylon finacadan no yincuminco.

=== Pakayraan no finacadan (族源) ===
Midoedo to no aniniay nipikingkiw misaheci, pakayraan no Pinpuco a ponka saheto o nai Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no Taywan. Onini a finacadan malesap itini i Taypinyang ato Intoyang, samaraayay manga’ay rapoten koya maraayay to Taywan a Easter Island ato Madagascar.

Dotocen ko kaitiraan, o itiraay i paka’amisay a finacadan no Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan i Taywan ko Pinpu a finacadan. So’elinen o I’ayaway no fa’elohay fokelohan a to’ek ko kaira ano eca talahakel i Taywan ko Pinpu finacadan, o nano mikiriyaray a finacadan. O piwacay no Yincuminco wiyinhuy to yincuminco no Taywan ato Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no hekal a kasakihar i pahapinang to o “nao Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan ko finacadan no Taywan, sakitamdawan ono Malay a tamdawan saka, o paka’amisay no Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan ko Taywan” saan[12].

==== No kaDipongan to’ek a pisilsil (日治時期的分類) ====
Saki Pinpu finacadan a pisilisil, awaay ko masongila’ay a kadadoedo no pisilsil i pikowan no Dipong to Taywan. Itira sa i Netherland a mikowan dengan sa o no kasaniyaro’ a ngangan, oraan sa ko pidoedoan kasasilsil no sa’etal, masa’isal ko pinapina sa’etal no finacadan. Ono i Mancin ni Huang Shujing to “Fansu liukao” a tilid i, malecad to pakayni kasasilsil a palaan misiiked a 13 niyaro’ ko yincumin funacadan.

Tangasa no Dipongan a to’ak, ona Ino Yoshinori, awaya den'nojo a “Taiwan yicumin mondai” (1900) a tilidan itiya to madadoedo ko pisilsil misiiked, ikor to ni Ino Yoshinori a “Taiwan yincumin seici” (1900) a tilidan, itiya masalof ko kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan, kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan ira: Ketagalan, Kavalan, Taokas, Pazih, Papora, Babuza, Arikun, Lloa, Siraya, Makattao 10 finacadan.

Oni Ino Yoshinori a nisiikedan kadadoedo o kacipinangan to pidoedoan, ona Igawa Kazo, Ogawa Tadayoshi, Mabuchi Toichi o pasadakay to kasasiiked siroma no pisilsil (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b). o kalaliyangan ira ko pinapina:

Pakayni to na 2 finacadan Arikun ato Lloa o papalacecayen ko finacadan: o roma a hakasi pasilacecay han koni 2 finacadan, o Hoanya a finacadan han saan. Nika midotoc to no hakasi ca Yung Kayin and Chung Yulan a pisapinang i, paretatenga to Hoanya alatek o nano Folaohua (Fan) a moraraway ko pipasetek. Ono finacadan to inika sasiroma no pihamon, pako niyah sa ko paratatenga.

’Eca ko malecaday to no Ketagalan a finacadan, ano eca padoedoen ho ko pisiiked. Pakayni to sowalan hakasi ca Tsuchida Shigeru aci Lee Inkee paretatenga a nisowalan, oya Ketagalan finacadan salongan malitoloay kasasiroma no sowal saan: Basay, Leilang ato Kulon. Oya Siraiya, Taivoan ato Makattao o masasiromaay ano eca o cecay a finacadan. Tangasa anini o ’alomanay a hakasi a midoedoan tono mikarkaray to notamdawan, sowalan ato lodisan masapinang, patongal no finacadan pihamon to niyah, paretatenga o na toloay ngasaw o masasiromaay caayay kalecad a yincuminco[13][14][15][16][17][18].   

Oni Ikawako no Zang itiniay ni Ino Kasunori saceker mapacomod ko Thao finacadan, o nano Pinpu finacadan ano eca o kaosanco finacadan.

==== Ikoray no kalalood a pisiiked (戰後的分類) ====
Pinapina mihecaan, no hakasi sakiPinpu finacadan a pisiiked, ira to ko fa’elohay a nengneng. No Dipong a hakasi ci Tsuchida Shigeru i 1985 mihecaan misiikedan (nengneng Tsuchida 1985), masiiked ko Pinpu finacadan to 12 finacadan: oya Kavalan, Basay, Ketagalan, Kulon, Taokas, Pazih, Papora, Babuza, Hoanya, Siraya, Makattao, Taivoan a finacadan.

Oni Li Yiyuan misiikedan to Pinpu finacadan masiiked 10 finacadan, oya Kavalan, Kentagalan, Luilang, Taokas, Papora, Babiza, Hoanya, Pazeh, Suisalien(Thau), Siraya finacadan[19]:14.  

Taywan sowalan hakasi ci Li Rengui ira ko masasiromaay a nengneng, nai 1996 miheca “Taywan Pinpu finacadan kasasiiked ato kasasikihar masiiked” a tilid, pasadak to 7 finacadan 14 ko sangasaw a nengneng: Thau, Kavalan, Ketagalan [5], Baburan [6], Pazih, Hoanya, Siraya. Ikor pakayni i sowal fa’elohay kasapinang, I 2006 miheca ato 2010 miheca mihapiw to nitilidan, oya Taivoan ato Makattao nai kaetipay Siraya amasadak[13][14].   

=== Kasamihecaan kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan. (歷年平埔族群分類)[20][21][22][23] ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
| colspan=&quot;19&quot; |'''歷年平埔族群分類'''
|-
|'''年代'''
|'''研究者'''
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; |'''族名'''
|-
|1904
|伊能嘉矩
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Vupuran
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Poavosa
|Arikun
|Lloa
|Pazzehe
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|Makattao
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1930
|移川子之藏
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Vupuran
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazeh
|Sao
|Tao
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1935
|小川尚義
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Vupuran
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazzehe
|Sao
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1944
|小川尚義
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|Luilang
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Papora
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazeh
|Sao
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1951
|張耀錡
|卡瓦蘭

（Kavalan）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |凱達格蘭

（Ketagalan）
|道卡斯

（Taokas）
|拍瀑拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴布薩

（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
|拍宰海

（Pazeh）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |西拉雅

（Siraya）
|四社熟番

（Taivoan）
|-
|1955
|李亦園
|噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|雷朗

（Luilang）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |凱達格蘭

（Ketagalan）
|道卡斯

（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |貓霧拺

（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |和安雅

（Hoanya）
|巴則海

（Pazeh）
|水沙連
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1970
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |台灣省通志
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |卡瓦蘭

（Kavalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |凱達格蘭

（Ketagalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |道卡斯

（Taokas）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |拍瀑拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴布薩

（Babuza／Poavasa）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅（Hoanya）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴則海

（Pazeh／Pazex）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
|Arikun
|Lloa
|馬卡道
|西拉雅
|四社熟番
|-
|1985-1991
|土田滋
|Kavalan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ketagalan
|Basay
|Kulon
|Taokas
|Papora
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazzahe
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|Makatao
|Siraya
|Taivoan
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1991
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |李壬癸
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |凱達格蘭（Ketagalan）
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |巴布薩（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴則海

（Pazeh）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |邵

（Thao）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
|雷朗（Luilang）
|哆囉美遠

（Trobian）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴賽（Basay）
|道卡斯（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
|貓霧拺（Babuza）
|費佛朗

（Favorlang）
|Makatao
|Siraya
|Taivoan
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1996
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |李壬癸
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |猴猴

（Qauqaut）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |凱達格蘭（Ketagalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |龜崙

（Kulon）
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |巴布蘭（Baburan）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴則海

（Pazeh）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |邵

（Thao）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
|雷朗（Luilang）
|哆囉美遠

（Trobian）
|馬賽（Basay）
|道卡斯（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
|貓霧拺（Babuza）
|費佛朗

（Favorlang）
|馬卡道（Makatao）
|西拉雅（Siraya）
|四社熟番（Taivoan）
|-
|2006-2010
|李壬癸
|噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |巴賽（凱達格蘭）

（Basay (Ketagalan)）
|龜崙

（Kulon）
|道卡斯

（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |貓霧拺（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
|巴宰

（Pazih）
|邵

（Thao）
|馬卡道（Makatao）
|西拉雅（Siraya）
|大武壠（Taivoan）
|}

=== Padetengan no finacadan (主要族群) ===
Ka’amis Taywan Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan

Tayal finacadan

Tayal Mie ngasaw

Kaetip ka’amis sowal finacadan

Saysyak finacadan (’ayaway pisiiked)

Kulon finacadan

Pazih finacadan

Pazih finacadan (palowad to sowal) [24][25]

Kahawu finacadan (palowad to sowal) [26][27][28]

Kaetip dafdafay sowal finacadan

Thao finacadan (’ayaway pisiiked)

Taokas finacadan (palowad to sowal) [29]

Papora finacadan

Babuza finacadan

Favorlang finacadan

Hoanya finacadan

Arikun finacadan

Lloa finacadan

Katimol Taywan Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan

Paiwan sowal finacadan

Paiwan Scaro ngasaw

Bunun sowal finacadan

Bunun finacadan Po ngasaw 

Kawali Taywan Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan 

Ka’amisay sowal finacadan

Kavalan finacadan (ira ho ko sowal) 

Houhou finacadan

Ketagalan finacadan

Luilang finacadan

Pazih finacadan (palowad to sowal)[30]

Trobian finacadan

Linao finacadan 

Kaetip katimolay sowal finacadan

Siraya finacadan (palowad to sowal)

Makatao finacadan

Tajialiyang tamdaw

Fangsuo tamdaw

Langqiao tamdaw

Xiaoliuqiu tamdaw

Taivoan finacadan (palowad to sowal) [7]

=== Ponka (文化) ===
Pa’atayan ngangan (姓氏)

Tadamaan ko pa’atayan ngangan no Pinpu finacadan, nawhani masaPayrangay to, saka palasawad hananay to ko tadapa’atayan ngangan ato pipangangan a rocok no Pinpu finacadan, mialaay to tono Payrangan a pa’atayan, midotoc to mikadadoedoedo no finacadan ato sangasaw a pihamon, adihay to ko nipicamol to no Payrang tamdaw, Ngangay tamdaw, roma naikoran to no kalalood mafolaway a Payrang ira aca ko kasasiroma no pa’atayan ngangan, onini pa’atayan ngangan ato pafelian a mikadadoedoedo no finacadan, malo no Pinpu finacadan no niyah pihamonan ko tadamaanay pidotocan[31].</text>
      <sha1>rcs8p23kefkdx2j90q1wah4crhjrxum</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>46903</id>
      <parentid>46902</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-07-07T01:11:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Masaonikar</username>
        <id>570</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Ponka (文化) */</comment>
      <origin>46903</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="17957" sha1="0sxfvzak3bl3trykgaenekvucnp76j4" xml:space="preserve">== Pinpu finacadan (平埔族群) ==
Pinpu finacadan, to hatiniay Pinpoco han ko pitahidang, o pisiiked to sapikown to yincumin no Taywan a tahidang koni[2]. O roma a tahidang o Kaosancu; ikor midoedo to mikingkiway, ponkaan, itiya a mafana’ to o ’alomanay a finacadan caay ko cecayay a finacadan sato, anini falican ko pitahidang o Pinpocu fuinacadan hanto. Oya ’alomanay Pinpuco finacadan tangsa anini caay ho haydaen no Conghuaminko sifo o yincuminco caira, dengan oya pakapian i ’Amis finacadan a Kavalan finacadan.

Pinpu finacadan i’ayaw no pikowan no netherland, spain itiya o “Aporicini-アボリジニ” han ko pitahidang; pikowan to no Mancin i, saheto o mapalatamdaway, maecakay finacadan[1], ato Nama no fan, wairudona fan sanay ko pasasi’ayaw[3]:12. Orasaka o Cori sareta, Aporicini-アボリジニ itiraay i “Dafdafay pala” (Pingti caopu), samasa o sowal pangangan o Pingpuah, Pucirin, Pingpufan (Payrang: Pi-poo-hoan; Inkiris Pepohoan[4][5][6]), onini “Pinpu” a sowal todong “Dafdaf” ano eca “enaray” sanay ko todong no sowal[7].

Tangasa to pikowan no Dipong a to’ek “Taywan Fancin demak” a tilidan o yincumin malitosa Kaosancu, Pinpuco[3]:13, kasaniyaro’ a Pinpuco finacadan ona palowaday to pifalic pala “Tongninco” sanay a syakay onto[5][8]. Tangasa no Conghuaminko to’ek a mikowan miteka o rayray no Pinpuco malasawaday to ko finacadan harateng, caay to pala o yincuminco cangra; ikor makerih to ko mikingkiway t ofinacadan no Taywan, onini likisi no Pinpuco miteka a masafaloco’ no syakay, nika o Pinpuco a finacadan ona oya “Pinpuco” koni finacadan, saan to ikor miliyaw a misilsil to kasasiiked masiroma[2][3]:18.

O Saisiyat ato Thao finadan ona nipacomodan i Pinpu a finacadan, nengnengen “Pinpuco”, “mapalatamdaway”, “maecakay finacadan” ato “manta’ finacadan” sanay ko pisiiked, onini o sakanga’ay no papotalay mikowan, caayay pidotoc to no yincuminco i nihamonan no niyah konini pisiiked, saka aniniay a pipangangan no Pinpu ano eca palowad to ngangan a onto. Tangasa 2022 miheca 10 folad 28 romi’ad, ono Conghuaminko kimpo a hoyin saki Silaya finacadan to kacingangan no yincumin a demak i, mihapiw to itiyaay ho “Rikec no kacingangan no yincumin” o caayay ka tatodong i kimpo, patodongen to tolo miheca ko pisalofan, mihayda to no Kaosancu a pisingsi malayincuminco o nano Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no Taywan, midotoc a pakayni sakacingangan nai tatapangan no rikec ko Pinpu finacadan[9].  

=== Likisi (歷史)   ===
O Pinpu a finacadan nai ’ayaw 17 sician katayni no Payrang i Taywan i, malesap nai ka’amis Yilan, Kilong tangasa katimol mililisay to saetip a riyar a dafdaf a sera, itira ira ko kasasiromaan no ponka, sowal, niyaro’ ko pihamon a saniyaro’an no sa’opo.

Pinpu a fuinacadan ka’amis nai Suaw ato Tayal a kasasilaed, katimol nai Fanliaw ato Paiwanfinacadan malalaed, ikor maepec no Payrang o roma i malinah tayra roma a pala, matiya o Hengcun, Puli, Kalingko Posong.

=== Pakayraan no sowal (詞源) ===
“Pinpu” a sowal a padotocan, manga’ay so’edacen nai Cingcao Yongceng pikowan Huangsujin “Taihai sicalu” (ikor no 1742 miheca), onini a tilid masowal ko “kasa Pinpu a saniyaro’” a sowal, ikor nai ci Chen Lunjiong a “Haikuo wencienlu” (1731 miheca) ira masadak ko “Pinpu yincumin” a sowal[3]:13.

Nawhani o ponka no yincumin macacofelay i no Payrang a finacadan, orasaka i ’ayaway no Payrang a rayray no likisi no Taywan masowal ko “Fan” [3]. Nai “Fan” a tilidan, pahecian a sowal a minengneng, “Fan” oya “macengelay” ato “omah” patatekoan, o maomahay a tamdaw sanay ko pitoro’, matiniay ko sa’orip. Nika, itini i romaay finacadan konengneng, “Fan” iraay ko mipelesay, miepecay a sowal[11].

I’ayaw yincumin no Taywan dengan o “niyaro’” ko iraay awaay ko “finacadan” sanay a latrkan[3]:12, orasaka o niyaro’ sato ko pitahidang. Tinako: Tacia kawaliay niyaro’ (tongsya) ato Tacia kaetipay niyaro’ “sisya” maro’ay, sacisowal sato o Tasya a tamdaw. O Pinpu finacadan ano eca Pinpu maecakay finacadan sanay a sowal i matiliday, o sapisiiked toya mangta’ay finacadan ato malafelay finacadan ato lotokay finacadan sanay ko pasasiromaan.

Talacawa nai 18 sician matilid no Mancin o Maecakay a Pinpu sanay ko pitahidang, mika itira i 19 sician mangalef ko nikasowal[4]. Rahodayen ko sowal, i 18 sician matilid o “Pinpu fan”, “Pinpu maecakay fan”, o patoro’ to itiraay i dafdafay no Pintong, dafdafay no Yilan, dafdafay no Posong ato dafdafay no Hengcun a yincumin finacadan. So’elinen ko sowal, o nisowalan no mita anini oya “Pinpu finacadan” tosaay ko pisimed to sasowalen: “Pinpu” ato “Maecakay finacadan”. O cecay a sowal “Pinpu” malifong i kasaniyaro’, oya “maecakay a finacadan” o sowal no mikowanay; nika soelinay, naikoran no Mancin, “Pinpu”, “Maecakay finacadan” itiraay i kasasiroma no finacadan, o mirarakatay a sdowal koni a pitahidang. O pisetek malecaday o pisiiked to sasiroma no sa’etal, tinako itiraay i Hencun, “Maecakay finacadan” snay a pisetek to micamolay to Payrang ato Yincumin, saka “Maecakay finacadan” a niyaro’ han ko pitahidang.  

=== Kasasiiked (分類) ===
Talacowa naira ko tamdawan, kasasiromaroma no tamdaw itiya to masasikihar ko ira ko “sasiiked no rocok”. Nika, kaira no tamdaw ira ko “finacadan” ato “finawlan” ko pisiiked to tamdaw o ikoray to ko nian, mangalef piteka no i’ayaw no 100 miheca picalap no micingcingay ato misatekeday ko pikowanan ho itiya. O Taywan saheto o “masiikeday ko finacadan” saka matiniay ko kamatira no to’ekan mapalowan.  

Ka Dipongan no Taywan o mitakedan a micowat ko pikowan to Taywan itiya, o patodong no pikowan, o pisapinangaw misolap ato sapinang to finacadan ato sera no Taywan, saan micowat misaiked to fanacadan no Taywan ko tayal (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b); tinako oya tayniay nai congko a Minan sa’etal a Ngayngay tamdaw palaPayrangen, ’ayaway nano Ngayngay palaNgayngayen ko pakika.

Miteka, hakasi no Dipong paretatenga oya maro’ay i dafdaf a Pinpu finacadan a yincumin malaPayrang to, dengan to oya “Pinpu finacadan” ano eca “Pinpufan” a nisowalan o pihaop aca, oya nisiikedan a finacadan palao “Takayamacu” patodong. Ikor, o hakasi no Dipong to mamalasawad a ponka no Pinpu finacadan ira to ko masatalolongay a nikafana’an saka, nanoya oya nisowalan a “Pinpu finacadan”, so’elinen halo adihayay kasasiroma no sowal, kasasiroma a ponka no finacadan.

Nikawrira, ’ayaw no 90 no mihecaan, o hakasi sakiPinpu finacadan masasiroma ko pisiiked, ira ko 7 finacadan 14 sangasaw, ira ko 8 finacadan, 9 finacadan, 10 finacadan, 12 finacadan sanay (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b).

Midotoc to aniniay mikingkiway pahecian, saki “Pinpu finacadan”, “Takayamacu” a kasasiiked, caay ko tataparan sanay masasiiked ko finawlan, o nano nai 17 sician ko nisanga’an a likisi, nawhani kasafinacadan a ’orip a sofal ato Palapayrangan a ko saka milafotay to calay. Roma a sowal, o nian “Pinpu finacadan” a kasasiroma no ponka, latek ikaka to cecay no “Pinpucu” ato cecay no “Takasakoco” a kasasiroma, o cecay no “Pinpu finacadan” ato cecay no “Takasako finacadan” latek oya cecayay a finacadan. Tinako sasowalen, nai sowal ato ponka ko pinengneng, samangataay to no ’Amis finacadan a Slaya, Taman ato Makataw finacadan no Taywan a Pinpu finacadan; o sowal ato Saysiyak finacadan mangata to Loylon finacadan no yincuminco.

=== Pakayraan no finacadan (族源) ===
Midoedo to no aniniay nipikingkiw misaheci, pakayraan no Pinpuco a ponka saheto o nai Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no Taywan. Onini a finacadan malesap itini i Taypinyang ato Intoyang, samaraayay manga’ay rapoten koya maraayay to Taywan a Easter Island ato Madagascar.

Dotocen ko kaitiraan, o itiraay i paka’amisay a finacadan no Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan i Taywan ko Pinpu a finacadan. So’elinen o I’ayaway no fa’elohay fokelohan a to’ek ko kaira ano eca talahakel i Taywan ko Pinpu finacadan, o nano mikiriyaray a finacadan. O piwacay no Yincuminco wiyinhuy to yincuminco no Taywan ato Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no hekal a kasakihar i pahapinang to o “nao Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan ko finacadan no Taywan, sakitamdawan ono Malay a tamdawan saka, o paka’amisay no Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan ko Taywan” saan[12].

==== No kaDipongan to’ek a pisilsil (日治時期的分類) ====
Saki Pinpu finacadan a pisilisil, awaay ko masongila’ay a kadadoedo no pisilsil i pikowan no Dipong to Taywan. Itira sa i Netherland a mikowan dengan sa o no kasaniyaro’ a ngangan, oraan sa ko pidoedoan kasasilsil no sa’etal, masa’isal ko pinapina sa’etal no finacadan. Ono i Mancin ni Huang Shujing to “Fansu liukao” a tilid i, malecad to pakayni kasasilsil a palaan misiiked a 13 niyaro’ ko yincumin funacadan.

Tangasa no Dipongan a to’ak, ona Ino Yoshinori, awaya den'nojo a “Taiwan yicumin mondai” (1900) a tilidan itiya to madadoedo ko pisilsil misiiked, ikor to ni Ino Yoshinori a “Taiwan yincumin seici” (1900) a tilidan, itiya masalof ko kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan, kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan ira: Ketagalan, Kavalan, Taokas, Pazih, Papora, Babuza, Arikun, Lloa, Siraya, Makattao 10 finacadan.

Oni Ino Yoshinori a nisiikedan kadadoedo o kacipinangan to pidoedoan, ona Igawa Kazo, Ogawa Tadayoshi, Mabuchi Toichi o pasadakay to kasasiiked siroma no pisilsil (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b). o kalaliyangan ira ko pinapina:

Pakayni to na 2 finacadan Arikun ato Lloa o papalacecayen ko finacadan: o roma a hakasi pasilacecay han koni 2 finacadan, o Hoanya a finacadan han saan. Nika midotoc to no hakasi ca Yung Kayin and Chung Yulan a pisapinang i, paretatenga to Hoanya alatek o nano Folaohua (Fan) a moraraway ko pipasetek. Ono finacadan to inika sasiroma no pihamon, pako niyah sa ko paratatenga.

’Eca ko malecaday to no Ketagalan a finacadan, ano eca padoedoen ho ko pisiiked. Pakayni to sowalan hakasi ca Tsuchida Shigeru aci Lee Inkee paretatenga a nisowalan, oya Ketagalan finacadan salongan malitoloay kasasiroma no sowal saan: Basay, Leilang ato Kulon. Oya Siraiya, Taivoan ato Makattao o masasiromaay ano eca o cecay a finacadan. Tangasa anini o ’alomanay a hakasi a midoedoan tono mikarkaray to notamdawan, sowalan ato lodisan masapinang, patongal no finacadan pihamon to niyah, paretatenga o na toloay ngasaw o masasiromaay caayay kalecad a yincuminco[13][14][15][16][17][18].   

Oni Ikawako no Zang itiniay ni Ino Kasunori saceker mapacomod ko Thao finacadan, o nano Pinpu finacadan ano eca o kaosanco finacadan.

==== Ikoray no kalalood a pisiiked (戰後的分類) ====
Pinapina mihecaan, no hakasi sakiPinpu finacadan a pisiiked, ira to ko fa’elohay a nengneng. No Dipong a hakasi ci Tsuchida Shigeru i 1985 mihecaan misiikedan (nengneng Tsuchida 1985), masiiked ko Pinpu finacadan to 12 finacadan: oya Kavalan, Basay, Ketagalan, Kulon, Taokas, Pazih, Papora, Babuza, Hoanya, Siraya, Makattao, Taivoan a finacadan.

Oni Li Yiyuan misiikedan to Pinpu finacadan masiiked 10 finacadan, oya Kavalan, Kentagalan, Luilang, Taokas, Papora, Babiza, Hoanya, Pazeh, Suisalien(Thau), Siraya finacadan[19]:14.  

Taywan sowalan hakasi ci Li Rengui ira ko masasiromaay a nengneng, nai 1996 miheca “Taywan Pinpu finacadan kasasiiked ato kasasikihar masiiked” a tilid, pasadak to 7 finacadan 14 ko sangasaw a nengneng: Thau, Kavalan, Ketagalan [5], Baburan [6], Pazih, Hoanya, Siraya. Ikor pakayni i sowal fa’elohay kasapinang, I 2006 miheca ato 2010 miheca mihapiw to nitilidan, oya Taivoan ato Makattao nai kaetipay Siraya amasadak[13][14].   

=== Kasamihecaan kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan. (歷年平埔族群分類)[20][21][22][23] ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
| colspan=&quot;19&quot; |'''歷年平埔族群分類'''
|-
|'''年代'''
|'''研究者'''
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; |'''族名'''
|-
|1904
|伊能嘉矩
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Vupuran
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Poavosa
|Arikun
|Lloa
|Pazzehe
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|Makattao
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1930
|移川子之藏
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Vupuran
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazeh
|Sao
|Tao
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1935
|小川尚義
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Vupuran
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazzehe
|Sao
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1944
|小川尚義
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|Luilang
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Papora
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazeh
|Sao
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1951
|張耀錡
|卡瓦蘭

（Kavalan）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |凱達格蘭

（Ketagalan）
|道卡斯

（Taokas）
|拍瀑拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴布薩

（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
|拍宰海

（Pazeh）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |西拉雅

（Siraya）
|四社熟番

（Taivoan）
|-
|1955
|李亦園
|噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|雷朗

（Luilang）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |凱達格蘭

（Ketagalan）
|道卡斯

（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |貓霧拺

（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |和安雅

（Hoanya）
|巴則海

（Pazeh）
|水沙連
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1970
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |台灣省通志
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |卡瓦蘭

（Kavalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |凱達格蘭

（Ketagalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |道卡斯

（Taokas）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |拍瀑拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴布薩

（Babuza／Poavasa）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅（Hoanya）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴則海

（Pazeh／Pazex）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
|Arikun
|Lloa
|馬卡道
|西拉雅
|四社熟番
|-
|1985-1991
|土田滋
|Kavalan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ketagalan
|Basay
|Kulon
|Taokas
|Papora
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazzahe
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|Makatao
|Siraya
|Taivoan
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1991
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |李壬癸
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |凱達格蘭（Ketagalan）
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |巴布薩（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴則海

（Pazeh）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |邵

（Thao）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
|雷朗（Luilang）
|哆囉美遠

（Trobian）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴賽（Basay）
|道卡斯（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
|貓霧拺（Babuza）
|費佛朗

（Favorlang）
|Makatao
|Siraya
|Taivoan
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1996
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |李壬癸
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |猴猴

（Qauqaut）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |凱達格蘭（Ketagalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |龜崙

（Kulon）
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |巴布蘭（Baburan）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴則海

（Pazeh）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |邵

（Thao）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
|雷朗（Luilang）
|哆囉美遠

（Trobian）
|馬賽（Basay）
|道卡斯（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
|貓霧拺（Babuza）
|費佛朗

（Favorlang）
|馬卡道（Makatao）
|西拉雅（Siraya）
|四社熟番（Taivoan）
|-
|2006-2010
|李壬癸
|噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |巴賽（凱達格蘭）

（Basay (Ketagalan)）
|龜崙

（Kulon）
|道卡斯

（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |貓霧拺（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
|巴宰

（Pazih）
|邵

（Thao）
|馬卡道（Makatao）
|西拉雅（Siraya）
|大武壠（Taivoan）
|}

=== Padetengan no finacadan (主要族群) ===
Ka’amis Taywan Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan

Tayal finacadan

Tayal Mie ngasaw

Kaetip ka’amis sowal finacadan

Saysyak finacadan (’ayaway pisiiked)

Kulon finacadan

Pazih finacadan

Pazih finacadan (palowad to sowal) [24][25]

Kahawu finacadan (palowad to sowal) [26][27][28]

Kaetip dafdafay sowal finacadan

Thao finacadan (’ayaway pisiiked)

Taokas finacadan (palowad to sowal) [29]

Papora finacadan

Babuza finacadan

Favorlang finacadan

Hoanya finacadan

Arikun finacadan

Lloa finacadan

Katimol Taywan Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan

Paiwan sowal finacadan

Paiwan Scaro ngasaw

Bunun sowal finacadan

Bunun finacadan Po ngasaw 

Kawali Taywan Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan 

Ka’amisay sowal finacadan

Kavalan finacadan (ira ho ko sowal) 

Houhou finacadan

Ketagalan finacadan

Luilang finacadan

Pazih finacadan (palowad to sowal)[30]

Trobian finacadan

Linao finacadan 

Kaetip katimolay sowal finacadan

Siraya finacadan (palowad to sowal)

Makatao finacadan

Tajialiyang tamdaw

Fangsuo tamdaw

Langqiao tamdaw

Xiaoliuqiu tamdaw

Taivoan finacadan (palowad to sowal) [7]

=== Ponka (文化) ===
Pa’atayan ngangan (姓氏)

Tadamaan ko pa’atayan ngangan no Pinpu finacadan, nawhani masaPayrangay to, saka palasawad hananay to ko tadapa’atayan ngangan ato pipangangan a rocok no Pinpu finacadan, mialaay to tono Payrangan a pa’atayan, midotoc to mikadadoedoedo no finacadan ato sangasaw a pihamon, adihay to ko nipicamol to no Payrang tamdaw, Ngangay tamdaw, roma naikoran to no kalalood mafolaway a Payrang ira aca ko kasasiroma no pa’atayan ngangan, onini pa’atayan ngangan ato pafelian a mikadadoedoedo no finacadan, malo no Pinpu finacadan no niyah pihamonan ko tadamaanay pidotocan[31].

Pafalian a pa’atayan ngangan: Pan

Roma pa’atayan ngangan: Chen, Liu, Huang, Dai, Lai.

Tadamaan pa’atayan ngangan: Bing, Yue, Bang, Yi, Ji, Yi, Li, Mao, Mao, Tong, Nian, Dong, Yan, Ai, He, Cheng, Mai, Hou, Biao, Hong, Shuang, Jiao, Feng, Shi, Zhang, Zhui, Chu, Nai, Wei, Du, Zhen, Yu, Jie, Zhao, Yong, Hu, Zhen, Xie, Mai, Zhang, Xi, Yong, Yi, Jie, Bei, Liu, Shui, Li, Gang, Kun, Zhuo, Ya, Tuo, Mi, Wu, Xin, Kang, Zhang, Chang, Shuang, Gan, Zhuang.</text>
      <sha1>0sxfvzak3bl3trykgaenekvucnp76j4</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>46904</id>
      <parentid>46903</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-07-07T01:11:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Masaonikar</username>
        <id>570</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Ponka (文化) */</comment>
      <origin>46904</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="17981" sha1="jecftsx9xh5fba45tpxd18s903kaltd" xml:space="preserve">== Pinpu finacadan (平埔族群) ==
Pinpu finacadan, to hatiniay Pinpoco han ko pitahidang, o pisiiked to sapikown to yincumin no Taywan a tahidang koni[2]. O roma a tahidang o Kaosancu; ikor midoedo to mikingkiway, ponkaan, itiya a mafana’ to o ’alomanay a finacadan caay ko cecayay a finacadan sato, anini falican ko pitahidang o Pinpocu fuinacadan hanto. Oya ’alomanay Pinpuco finacadan tangsa anini caay ho haydaen no Conghuaminko sifo o yincuminco caira, dengan oya pakapian i ’Amis finacadan a Kavalan finacadan.

Pinpu finacadan i’ayaw no pikowan no netherland, spain itiya o “Aporicini-アボリジニ” han ko pitahidang; pikowan to no Mancin i, saheto o mapalatamdaway, maecakay finacadan[1], ato Nama no fan, wairudona fan sanay ko pasasi’ayaw[3]:12. Orasaka o Cori sareta, Aporicini-アボリジニ itiraay i “Dafdafay pala” (Pingti caopu), samasa o sowal pangangan o Pingpuah, Pucirin, Pingpufan (Payrang: Pi-poo-hoan; Inkiris Pepohoan[4][5][6]), onini “Pinpu” a sowal todong “Dafdaf” ano eca “enaray” sanay ko todong no sowal[7].

Tangasa to pikowan no Dipong a to’ek “Taywan Fancin demak” a tilidan o yincumin malitosa Kaosancu, Pinpuco[3]:13, kasaniyaro’ a Pinpuco finacadan ona palowaday to pifalic pala “Tongninco” sanay a syakay onto[5][8]. Tangasa no Conghuaminko to’ek a mikowan miteka o rayray no Pinpuco malasawaday to ko finacadan harateng, caay to pala o yincuminco cangra; ikor makerih to ko mikingkiway t ofinacadan no Taywan, onini likisi no Pinpuco miteka a masafaloco’ no syakay, nika o Pinpuco a finacadan ona oya “Pinpuco” koni finacadan, saan to ikor miliyaw a misilsil to kasasiiked masiroma[2][3]:18.

O Saisiyat ato Thao finadan ona nipacomodan i Pinpu a finacadan, nengnengen “Pinpuco”, “mapalatamdaway”, “maecakay finacadan” ato “manta’ finacadan” sanay ko pisiiked, onini o sakanga’ay no papotalay mikowan, caayay pidotoc to no yincuminco i nihamonan no niyah konini pisiiked, saka aniniay a pipangangan no Pinpu ano eca palowad to ngangan a onto. Tangasa 2022 miheca 10 folad 28 romi’ad, ono Conghuaminko kimpo a hoyin saki Silaya finacadan to kacingangan no yincumin a demak i, mihapiw to itiyaay ho “Rikec no kacingangan no yincumin” o caayay ka tatodong i kimpo, patodongen to tolo miheca ko pisalofan, mihayda to no Kaosancu a pisingsi malayincuminco o nano Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no Taywan, midotoc a pakayni sakacingangan nai tatapangan no rikec ko Pinpu finacadan[9].  

=== Likisi (歷史)   ===
O Pinpu a finacadan nai ’ayaw 17 sician katayni no Payrang i Taywan i, malesap nai ka’amis Yilan, Kilong tangasa katimol mililisay to saetip a riyar a dafdaf a sera, itira ira ko kasasiromaan no ponka, sowal, niyaro’ ko pihamon a saniyaro’an no sa’opo.

Pinpu a fuinacadan ka’amis nai Suaw ato Tayal a kasasilaed, katimol nai Fanliaw ato Paiwanfinacadan malalaed, ikor maepec no Payrang o roma i malinah tayra roma a pala, matiya o Hengcun, Puli, Kalingko Posong.

=== Pakayraan no sowal (詞源) ===
“Pinpu” a sowal a padotocan, manga’ay so’edacen nai Cingcao Yongceng pikowan Huangsujin “Taihai sicalu” (ikor no 1742 miheca), onini a tilid masowal ko “kasa Pinpu a saniyaro’” a sowal, ikor nai ci Chen Lunjiong a “Haikuo wencienlu” (1731 miheca) ira masadak ko “Pinpu yincumin” a sowal[3]:13.

Nawhani o ponka no yincumin macacofelay i no Payrang a finacadan, orasaka i ’ayaway no Payrang a rayray no likisi no Taywan masowal ko “Fan” [3]. Nai “Fan” a tilidan, pahecian a sowal a minengneng, “Fan” oya “macengelay” ato “omah” patatekoan, o maomahay a tamdaw sanay ko pitoro’, matiniay ko sa’orip. Nika, itini i romaay finacadan konengneng, “Fan” iraay ko mipelesay, miepecay a sowal[11].

I’ayaw yincumin no Taywan dengan o “niyaro’” ko iraay awaay ko “finacadan” sanay a latrkan[3]:12, orasaka o niyaro’ sato ko pitahidang. Tinako: Tacia kawaliay niyaro’ (tongsya) ato Tacia kaetipay niyaro’ “sisya” maro’ay, sacisowal sato o Tasya a tamdaw. O Pinpu finacadan ano eca Pinpu maecakay finacadan sanay a sowal i matiliday, o sapisiiked toya mangta’ay finacadan ato malafelay finacadan ato lotokay finacadan sanay ko pasasiromaan.

Talacawa nai 18 sician matilid no Mancin o Maecakay a Pinpu sanay ko pitahidang, mika itira i 19 sician mangalef ko nikasowal[4]. Rahodayen ko sowal, i 18 sician matilid o “Pinpu fan”, “Pinpu maecakay fan”, o patoro’ to itiraay i dafdafay no Pintong, dafdafay no Yilan, dafdafay no Posong ato dafdafay no Hengcun a yincumin finacadan. So’elinen ko sowal, o nisowalan no mita anini oya “Pinpu finacadan” tosaay ko pisimed to sasowalen: “Pinpu” ato “Maecakay finacadan”. O cecay a sowal “Pinpu” malifong i kasaniyaro’, oya “maecakay a finacadan” o sowal no mikowanay; nika soelinay, naikoran no Mancin, “Pinpu”, “Maecakay finacadan” itiraay i kasasiroma no finacadan, o mirarakatay a sdowal koni a pitahidang. O pisetek malecaday o pisiiked to sasiroma no sa’etal, tinako itiraay i Hencun, “Maecakay finacadan” snay a pisetek to micamolay to Payrang ato Yincumin, saka “Maecakay finacadan” a niyaro’ han ko pitahidang.  

=== Kasasiiked (分類) ===
Talacowa naira ko tamdawan, kasasiromaroma no tamdaw itiya to masasikihar ko ira ko “sasiiked no rocok”. Nika, kaira no tamdaw ira ko “finacadan” ato “finawlan” ko pisiiked to tamdaw o ikoray to ko nian, mangalef piteka no i’ayaw no 100 miheca picalap no micingcingay ato misatekeday ko pikowanan ho itiya. O Taywan saheto o “masiikeday ko finacadan” saka matiniay ko kamatira no to’ekan mapalowan.  

Ka Dipongan no Taywan o mitakedan a micowat ko pikowan to Taywan itiya, o patodong no pikowan, o pisapinangaw misolap ato sapinang to finacadan ato sera no Taywan, saan micowat misaiked to fanacadan no Taywan ko tayal (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b); tinako oya tayniay nai congko a Minan sa’etal a Ngayngay tamdaw palaPayrangen, ’ayaway nano Ngayngay palaNgayngayen ko pakika.

Miteka, hakasi no Dipong paretatenga oya maro’ay i dafdaf a Pinpu finacadan a yincumin malaPayrang to, dengan to oya “Pinpu finacadan” ano eca “Pinpufan” a nisowalan o pihaop aca, oya nisiikedan a finacadan palao “Takayamacu” patodong. Ikor, o hakasi no Dipong to mamalasawad a ponka no Pinpu finacadan ira to ko masatalolongay a nikafana’an saka, nanoya oya nisowalan a “Pinpu finacadan”, so’elinen halo adihayay kasasiroma no sowal, kasasiroma a ponka no finacadan.

Nikawrira, ’ayaw no 90 no mihecaan, o hakasi sakiPinpu finacadan masasiroma ko pisiiked, ira ko 7 finacadan 14 sangasaw, ira ko 8 finacadan, 9 finacadan, 10 finacadan, 12 finacadan sanay (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b).

Midotoc to aniniay mikingkiway pahecian, saki “Pinpu finacadan”, “Takayamacu” a kasasiiked, caay ko tataparan sanay masasiiked ko finawlan, o nano nai 17 sician ko nisanga’an a likisi, nawhani kasafinacadan a ’orip a sofal ato Palapayrangan a ko saka milafotay to calay. Roma a sowal, o nian “Pinpu finacadan” a kasasiroma no ponka, latek ikaka to cecay no “Pinpucu” ato cecay no “Takasakoco” a kasasiroma, o cecay no “Pinpu finacadan” ato cecay no “Takasako finacadan” latek oya cecayay a finacadan. Tinako sasowalen, nai sowal ato ponka ko pinengneng, samangataay to no ’Amis finacadan a Slaya, Taman ato Makataw finacadan no Taywan a Pinpu finacadan; o sowal ato Saysiyak finacadan mangata to Loylon finacadan no yincuminco.

=== Pakayraan no finacadan (族源) ===
Midoedo to no aniniay nipikingkiw misaheci, pakayraan no Pinpuco a ponka saheto o nai Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no Taywan. Onini a finacadan malesap itini i Taypinyang ato Intoyang, samaraayay manga’ay rapoten koya maraayay to Taywan a Easter Island ato Madagascar.

Dotocen ko kaitiraan, o itiraay i paka’amisay a finacadan no Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan i Taywan ko Pinpu a finacadan. So’elinen o I’ayaway no fa’elohay fokelohan a to’ek ko kaira ano eca talahakel i Taywan ko Pinpu finacadan, o nano mikiriyaray a finacadan. O piwacay no Yincuminco wiyinhuy to yincuminco no Taywan ato Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no hekal a kasakihar i pahapinang to o “nao Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan ko finacadan no Taywan, sakitamdawan ono Malay a tamdawan saka, o paka’amisay no Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan ko Taywan” saan[12].

==== No kaDipongan to’ek a pisilsil (日治時期的分類) ====
Saki Pinpu finacadan a pisilisil, awaay ko masongila’ay a kadadoedo no pisilsil i pikowan no Dipong to Taywan. Itira sa i Netherland a mikowan dengan sa o no kasaniyaro’ a ngangan, oraan sa ko pidoedoan kasasilsil no sa’etal, masa’isal ko pinapina sa’etal no finacadan. Ono i Mancin ni Huang Shujing to “Fansu liukao” a tilid i, malecad to pakayni kasasilsil a palaan misiiked a 13 niyaro’ ko yincumin funacadan.

Tangasa no Dipongan a to’ak, ona Ino Yoshinori, awaya den'nojo a “Taiwan yicumin mondai” (1900) a tilidan itiya to madadoedo ko pisilsil misiiked, ikor to ni Ino Yoshinori a “Taiwan yincumin seici” (1900) a tilidan, itiya masalof ko kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan, kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan ira: Ketagalan, Kavalan, Taokas, Pazih, Papora, Babuza, Arikun, Lloa, Siraya, Makattao 10 finacadan.

Oni Ino Yoshinori a nisiikedan kadadoedo o kacipinangan to pidoedoan, ona Igawa Kazo, Ogawa Tadayoshi, Mabuchi Toichi o pasadakay to kasasiiked siroma no pisilsil (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b). o kalaliyangan ira ko pinapina:

Pakayni to na 2 finacadan Arikun ato Lloa o papalacecayen ko finacadan: o roma a hakasi pasilacecay han koni 2 finacadan, o Hoanya a finacadan han saan. Nika midotoc to no hakasi ca Yung Kayin and Chung Yulan a pisapinang i, paretatenga to Hoanya alatek o nano Folaohua (Fan) a moraraway ko pipasetek. Ono finacadan to inika sasiroma no pihamon, pako niyah sa ko paratatenga.

’Eca ko malecaday to no Ketagalan a finacadan, ano eca padoedoen ho ko pisiiked. Pakayni to sowalan hakasi ca Tsuchida Shigeru aci Lee Inkee paretatenga a nisowalan, oya Ketagalan finacadan salongan malitoloay kasasiroma no sowal saan: Basay, Leilang ato Kulon. Oya Siraiya, Taivoan ato Makattao o masasiromaay ano eca o cecay a finacadan. Tangasa anini o ’alomanay a hakasi a midoedoan tono mikarkaray to notamdawan, sowalan ato lodisan masapinang, patongal no finacadan pihamon to niyah, paretatenga o na toloay ngasaw o masasiromaay caayay kalecad a yincuminco[13][14][15][16][17][18].   

Oni Ikawako no Zang itiniay ni Ino Kasunori saceker mapacomod ko Thao finacadan, o nano Pinpu finacadan ano eca o kaosanco finacadan.

==== Ikoray no kalalood a pisiiked (戰後的分類) ====
Pinapina mihecaan, no hakasi sakiPinpu finacadan a pisiiked, ira to ko fa’elohay a nengneng. No Dipong a hakasi ci Tsuchida Shigeru i 1985 mihecaan misiikedan (nengneng Tsuchida 1985), masiiked ko Pinpu finacadan to 12 finacadan: oya Kavalan, Basay, Ketagalan, Kulon, Taokas, Pazih, Papora, Babuza, Hoanya, Siraya, Makattao, Taivoan a finacadan.

Oni Li Yiyuan misiikedan to Pinpu finacadan masiiked 10 finacadan, oya Kavalan, Kentagalan, Luilang, Taokas, Papora, Babiza, Hoanya, Pazeh, Suisalien(Thau), Siraya finacadan[19]:14.  

Taywan sowalan hakasi ci Li Rengui ira ko masasiromaay a nengneng, nai 1996 miheca “Taywan Pinpu finacadan kasasiiked ato kasasikihar masiiked” a tilid, pasadak to 7 finacadan 14 ko sangasaw a nengneng: Thau, Kavalan, Ketagalan [5], Baburan [6], Pazih, Hoanya, Siraya. Ikor pakayni i sowal fa’elohay kasapinang, I 2006 miheca ato 2010 miheca mihapiw to nitilidan, oya Taivoan ato Makattao nai kaetipay Siraya amasadak[13][14].   

=== Kasamihecaan kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan. (歷年平埔族群分類)[20][21][22][23] ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
| colspan=&quot;19&quot; |'''歷年平埔族群分類'''
|-
|'''年代'''
|'''研究者'''
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; |'''族名'''
|-
|1904
|伊能嘉矩
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Vupuran
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Poavosa
|Arikun
|Lloa
|Pazzehe
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|Makattao
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1930
|移川子之藏
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Vupuran
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazeh
|Sao
|Tao
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1935
|小川尚義
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Vupuran
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazzehe
|Sao
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1944
|小川尚義
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|Luilang
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Papora
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazeh
|Sao
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1951
|張耀錡
|卡瓦蘭

（Kavalan）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |凱達格蘭

（Ketagalan）
|道卡斯

（Taokas）
|拍瀑拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴布薩

（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
|拍宰海

（Pazeh）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |西拉雅

（Siraya）
|四社熟番

（Taivoan）
|-
|1955
|李亦園
|噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|雷朗

（Luilang）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |凱達格蘭

（Ketagalan）
|道卡斯

（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |貓霧拺

（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |和安雅

（Hoanya）
|巴則海

（Pazeh）
|水沙連
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1970
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |台灣省通志
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |卡瓦蘭

（Kavalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |凱達格蘭

（Ketagalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |道卡斯

（Taokas）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |拍瀑拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴布薩

（Babuza／Poavasa）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅（Hoanya）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴則海

（Pazeh／Pazex）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
|Arikun
|Lloa
|馬卡道
|西拉雅
|四社熟番
|-
|1985-1991
|土田滋
|Kavalan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ketagalan
|Basay
|Kulon
|Taokas
|Papora
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazzahe
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|Makatao
|Siraya
|Taivoan
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1991
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |李壬癸
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |凱達格蘭（Ketagalan）
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |巴布薩（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴則海

（Pazeh）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |邵

（Thao）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
|雷朗（Luilang）
|哆囉美遠

（Trobian）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴賽（Basay）
|道卡斯（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
|貓霧拺（Babuza）
|費佛朗

（Favorlang）
|Makatao
|Siraya
|Taivoan
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1996
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |李壬癸
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |猴猴

（Qauqaut）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |凱達格蘭（Ketagalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |龜崙

（Kulon）
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |巴布蘭（Baburan）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴則海

（Pazeh）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |邵

（Thao）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
|雷朗（Luilang）
|哆囉美遠

（Trobian）
|馬賽（Basay）
|道卡斯（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
|貓霧拺（Babuza）
|費佛朗

（Favorlang）
|馬卡道（Makatao）
|西拉雅（Siraya）
|四社熟番（Taivoan）
|-
|2006-2010
|李壬癸
|噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |巴賽（凱達格蘭）

（Basay (Ketagalan)）
|龜崙

（Kulon）
|道卡斯

（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |貓霧拺（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
|巴宰

（Pazih）
|邵

（Thao）
|馬卡道（Makatao）
|西拉雅（Siraya）
|大武壠（Taivoan）
|}

=== Padetengan no finacadan (主要族群) ===
Ka’amis Taywan Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan

Tayal finacadan

Tayal Mie ngasaw

Kaetip ka’amis sowal finacadan

Saysyak finacadan (’ayaway pisiiked)

Kulon finacadan

Pazih finacadan

Pazih finacadan (palowad to sowal) [24][25]

Kahawu finacadan (palowad to sowal) [26][27][28]

Kaetip dafdafay sowal finacadan

Thao finacadan (’ayaway pisiiked)

Taokas finacadan (palowad to sowal) [29]

Papora finacadan

Babuza finacadan

Favorlang finacadan

Hoanya finacadan

Arikun finacadan

Lloa finacadan

Katimol Taywan Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan

Paiwan sowal finacadan

Paiwan Scaro ngasaw

Bunun sowal finacadan

Bunun finacadan Po ngasaw 

Kawali Taywan Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan 

Ka’amisay sowal finacadan

Kavalan finacadan (ira ho ko sowal) 

Houhou finacadan

Ketagalan finacadan

Luilang finacadan

Pazih finacadan (palowad to sowal)[30]

Trobian finacadan

Linao finacadan 

Kaetip katimolay sowal finacadan

Siraya finacadan (palowad to sowal)

Makatao finacadan

Tajialiyang tamdaw

Fangsuo tamdaw

Langqiao tamdaw

Xiaoliuqiu tamdaw

Taivoan finacadan (palowad to sowal) [7]

=== Ponka (文化) ===
Pa’atayan ngangan (姓氏)

Tadamaan ko pa’atayan ngangan no Pinpu finacadan, nawhani masaPayrangay to, saka palasawad hananay to ko tadapa’atayan ngangan ato pipangangan a rocok no Pinpu finacadan, mialaay to tono Payrangan a pa’atayan, midotoc to mikadadoedoedo no finacadan ato sangasaw a pihamon, adihay to ko nipicamol to no Payrang tamdaw, Ngangay tamdaw, roma naikoran to no kalalood mafolaway a Payrang ira aca ko kasasiroma no pa’atayan ngangan, onini pa’atayan ngangan ato pafelian a mikadadoedoedo no finacadan, malo no Pinpu finacadan no niyah pihamonan ko tadamaanay pidotocan[31].

Pafalian a pa’atayan ngangan: Pan

Roma pa’atayan ngangan: Chen, Liu, Huang, Dai, Lai.

Tadamaan pa’atayan ngangan: Bing, Yue, Bang, Yi, Ji, Yi, Li, Mao, Mao, Tong, Nian, Dong, Yan, Ai, He, Cheng, Mai, Hou, Biao, Hong, Shuang, Jiao, Feng, Shi, Zhang, Zhui, Chu, Nai, Wei, Du, Zhen, Yu, Jie, Zhao, Yong, Hu, Zhen, Xie, Mai, Zhang, Xi, Yong, Yi, Jie, Bei, Liu, Shui, Li, Gang, Kun, Zhuo, Ya, Tuo, Mi, Wu, Xin, Kang, Zhang, Chang, Shuang, Gan, Zhuang.

=== Lisin (祭祀) ===</text>
      <sha1>jecftsx9xh5fba45tpxd18s903kaltd</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>46905</id>
      <parentid>46904</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-07-07T01:12:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Masaonikar</username>
        <id>570</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Lisin (祭祀) */</comment>
      <origin>46905</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="18259" sha1="gc5fbbpi8r0q27ixmdxx360ohivjwo7" xml:space="preserve">== Pinpu finacadan (平埔族群) ==
Pinpu finacadan, to hatiniay Pinpoco han ko pitahidang, o pisiiked to sapikown to yincumin no Taywan a tahidang koni[2]. O roma a tahidang o Kaosancu; ikor midoedo to mikingkiway, ponkaan, itiya a mafana’ to o ’alomanay a finacadan caay ko cecayay a finacadan sato, anini falican ko pitahidang o Pinpocu fuinacadan hanto. Oya ’alomanay Pinpuco finacadan tangsa anini caay ho haydaen no Conghuaminko sifo o yincuminco caira, dengan oya pakapian i ’Amis finacadan a Kavalan finacadan.

Pinpu finacadan i’ayaw no pikowan no netherland, spain itiya o “Aporicini-アボリジニ” han ko pitahidang; pikowan to no Mancin i, saheto o mapalatamdaway, maecakay finacadan[1], ato Nama no fan, wairudona fan sanay ko pasasi’ayaw[3]:12. Orasaka o Cori sareta, Aporicini-アボリジニ itiraay i “Dafdafay pala” (Pingti caopu), samasa o sowal pangangan o Pingpuah, Pucirin, Pingpufan (Payrang: Pi-poo-hoan; Inkiris Pepohoan[4][5][6]), onini “Pinpu” a sowal todong “Dafdaf” ano eca “enaray” sanay ko todong no sowal[7].

Tangasa to pikowan no Dipong a to’ek “Taywan Fancin demak” a tilidan o yincumin malitosa Kaosancu, Pinpuco[3]:13, kasaniyaro’ a Pinpuco finacadan ona palowaday to pifalic pala “Tongninco” sanay a syakay onto[5][8]. Tangasa no Conghuaminko to’ek a mikowan miteka o rayray no Pinpuco malasawaday to ko finacadan harateng, caay to pala o yincuminco cangra; ikor makerih to ko mikingkiway t ofinacadan no Taywan, onini likisi no Pinpuco miteka a masafaloco’ no syakay, nika o Pinpuco a finacadan ona oya “Pinpuco” koni finacadan, saan to ikor miliyaw a misilsil to kasasiiked masiroma[2][3]:18.

O Saisiyat ato Thao finadan ona nipacomodan i Pinpu a finacadan, nengnengen “Pinpuco”, “mapalatamdaway”, “maecakay finacadan” ato “manta’ finacadan” sanay ko pisiiked, onini o sakanga’ay no papotalay mikowan, caayay pidotoc to no yincuminco i nihamonan no niyah konini pisiiked, saka aniniay a pipangangan no Pinpu ano eca palowad to ngangan a onto. Tangasa 2022 miheca 10 folad 28 romi’ad, ono Conghuaminko kimpo a hoyin saki Silaya finacadan to kacingangan no yincumin a demak i, mihapiw to itiyaay ho “Rikec no kacingangan no yincumin” o caayay ka tatodong i kimpo, patodongen to tolo miheca ko pisalofan, mihayda to no Kaosancu a pisingsi malayincuminco o nano Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no Taywan, midotoc a pakayni sakacingangan nai tatapangan no rikec ko Pinpu finacadan[9].  

=== Likisi (歷史)   ===
O Pinpu a finacadan nai ’ayaw 17 sician katayni no Payrang i Taywan i, malesap nai ka’amis Yilan, Kilong tangasa katimol mililisay to saetip a riyar a dafdaf a sera, itira ira ko kasasiromaan no ponka, sowal, niyaro’ ko pihamon a saniyaro’an no sa’opo.

Pinpu a fuinacadan ka’amis nai Suaw ato Tayal a kasasilaed, katimol nai Fanliaw ato Paiwanfinacadan malalaed, ikor maepec no Payrang o roma i malinah tayra roma a pala, matiya o Hengcun, Puli, Kalingko Posong.

=== Pakayraan no sowal (詞源) ===
“Pinpu” a sowal a padotocan, manga’ay so’edacen nai Cingcao Yongceng pikowan Huangsujin “Taihai sicalu” (ikor no 1742 miheca), onini a tilid masowal ko “kasa Pinpu a saniyaro’” a sowal, ikor nai ci Chen Lunjiong a “Haikuo wencienlu” (1731 miheca) ira masadak ko “Pinpu yincumin” a sowal[3]:13.

Nawhani o ponka no yincumin macacofelay i no Payrang a finacadan, orasaka i ’ayaway no Payrang a rayray no likisi no Taywan masowal ko “Fan” [3]. Nai “Fan” a tilidan, pahecian a sowal a minengneng, “Fan” oya “macengelay” ato “omah” patatekoan, o maomahay a tamdaw sanay ko pitoro’, matiniay ko sa’orip. Nika, itini i romaay finacadan konengneng, “Fan” iraay ko mipelesay, miepecay a sowal[11].

I’ayaw yincumin no Taywan dengan o “niyaro’” ko iraay awaay ko “finacadan” sanay a latrkan[3]:12, orasaka o niyaro’ sato ko pitahidang. Tinako: Tacia kawaliay niyaro’ (tongsya) ato Tacia kaetipay niyaro’ “sisya” maro’ay, sacisowal sato o Tasya a tamdaw. O Pinpu finacadan ano eca Pinpu maecakay finacadan sanay a sowal i matiliday, o sapisiiked toya mangta’ay finacadan ato malafelay finacadan ato lotokay finacadan sanay ko pasasiromaan.

Talacawa nai 18 sician matilid no Mancin o Maecakay a Pinpu sanay ko pitahidang, mika itira i 19 sician mangalef ko nikasowal[4]. Rahodayen ko sowal, i 18 sician matilid o “Pinpu fan”, “Pinpu maecakay fan”, o patoro’ to itiraay i dafdafay no Pintong, dafdafay no Yilan, dafdafay no Posong ato dafdafay no Hengcun a yincumin finacadan. So’elinen ko sowal, o nisowalan no mita anini oya “Pinpu finacadan” tosaay ko pisimed to sasowalen: “Pinpu” ato “Maecakay finacadan”. O cecay a sowal “Pinpu” malifong i kasaniyaro’, oya “maecakay a finacadan” o sowal no mikowanay; nika soelinay, naikoran no Mancin, “Pinpu”, “Maecakay finacadan” itiraay i kasasiroma no finacadan, o mirarakatay a sdowal koni a pitahidang. O pisetek malecaday o pisiiked to sasiroma no sa’etal, tinako itiraay i Hencun, “Maecakay finacadan” snay a pisetek to micamolay to Payrang ato Yincumin, saka “Maecakay finacadan” a niyaro’ han ko pitahidang.  

=== Kasasiiked (分類) ===
Talacowa naira ko tamdawan, kasasiromaroma no tamdaw itiya to masasikihar ko ira ko “sasiiked no rocok”. Nika, kaira no tamdaw ira ko “finacadan” ato “finawlan” ko pisiiked to tamdaw o ikoray to ko nian, mangalef piteka no i’ayaw no 100 miheca picalap no micingcingay ato misatekeday ko pikowanan ho itiya. O Taywan saheto o “masiikeday ko finacadan” saka matiniay ko kamatira no to’ekan mapalowan.  

Ka Dipongan no Taywan o mitakedan a micowat ko pikowan to Taywan itiya, o patodong no pikowan, o pisapinangaw misolap ato sapinang to finacadan ato sera no Taywan, saan micowat misaiked to fanacadan no Taywan ko tayal (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b); tinako oya tayniay nai congko a Minan sa’etal a Ngayngay tamdaw palaPayrangen, ’ayaway nano Ngayngay palaNgayngayen ko pakika.

Miteka, hakasi no Dipong paretatenga oya maro’ay i dafdaf a Pinpu finacadan a yincumin malaPayrang to, dengan to oya “Pinpu finacadan” ano eca “Pinpufan” a nisowalan o pihaop aca, oya nisiikedan a finacadan palao “Takayamacu” patodong. Ikor, o hakasi no Dipong to mamalasawad a ponka no Pinpu finacadan ira to ko masatalolongay a nikafana’an saka, nanoya oya nisowalan a “Pinpu finacadan”, so’elinen halo adihayay kasasiroma no sowal, kasasiroma a ponka no finacadan.

Nikawrira, ’ayaw no 90 no mihecaan, o hakasi sakiPinpu finacadan masasiroma ko pisiiked, ira ko 7 finacadan 14 sangasaw, ira ko 8 finacadan, 9 finacadan, 10 finacadan, 12 finacadan sanay (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b).

Midotoc to aniniay mikingkiway pahecian, saki “Pinpu finacadan”, “Takayamacu” a kasasiiked, caay ko tataparan sanay masasiiked ko finawlan, o nano nai 17 sician ko nisanga’an a likisi, nawhani kasafinacadan a ’orip a sofal ato Palapayrangan a ko saka milafotay to calay. Roma a sowal, o nian “Pinpu finacadan” a kasasiroma no ponka, latek ikaka to cecay no “Pinpucu” ato cecay no “Takasakoco” a kasasiroma, o cecay no “Pinpu finacadan” ato cecay no “Takasako finacadan” latek oya cecayay a finacadan. Tinako sasowalen, nai sowal ato ponka ko pinengneng, samangataay to no ’Amis finacadan a Slaya, Taman ato Makataw finacadan no Taywan a Pinpu finacadan; o sowal ato Saysiyak finacadan mangata to Loylon finacadan no yincuminco.

=== Pakayraan no finacadan (族源) ===
Midoedo to no aniniay nipikingkiw misaheci, pakayraan no Pinpuco a ponka saheto o nai Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no Taywan. Onini a finacadan malesap itini i Taypinyang ato Intoyang, samaraayay manga’ay rapoten koya maraayay to Taywan a Easter Island ato Madagascar.

Dotocen ko kaitiraan, o itiraay i paka’amisay a finacadan no Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan i Taywan ko Pinpu a finacadan. So’elinen o I’ayaway no fa’elohay fokelohan a to’ek ko kaira ano eca talahakel i Taywan ko Pinpu finacadan, o nano mikiriyaray a finacadan. O piwacay no Yincuminco wiyinhuy to yincuminco no Taywan ato Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no hekal a kasakihar i pahapinang to o “nao Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan ko finacadan no Taywan, sakitamdawan ono Malay a tamdawan saka, o paka’amisay no Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan ko Taywan” saan[12].

==== No kaDipongan to’ek a pisilsil (日治時期的分類) ====
Saki Pinpu finacadan a pisilisil, awaay ko masongila’ay a kadadoedo no pisilsil i pikowan no Dipong to Taywan. Itira sa i Netherland a mikowan dengan sa o no kasaniyaro’ a ngangan, oraan sa ko pidoedoan kasasilsil no sa’etal, masa’isal ko pinapina sa’etal no finacadan. Ono i Mancin ni Huang Shujing to “Fansu liukao” a tilid i, malecad to pakayni kasasilsil a palaan misiiked a 13 niyaro’ ko yincumin funacadan.

Tangasa no Dipongan a to’ak, ona Ino Yoshinori, awaya den'nojo a “Taiwan yicumin mondai” (1900) a tilidan itiya to madadoedo ko pisilsil misiiked, ikor to ni Ino Yoshinori a “Taiwan yincumin seici” (1900) a tilidan, itiya masalof ko kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan, kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan ira: Ketagalan, Kavalan, Taokas, Pazih, Papora, Babuza, Arikun, Lloa, Siraya, Makattao 10 finacadan.

Oni Ino Yoshinori a nisiikedan kadadoedo o kacipinangan to pidoedoan, ona Igawa Kazo, Ogawa Tadayoshi, Mabuchi Toichi o pasadakay to kasasiiked siroma no pisilsil (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b). o kalaliyangan ira ko pinapina:

Pakayni to na 2 finacadan Arikun ato Lloa o papalacecayen ko finacadan: o roma a hakasi pasilacecay han koni 2 finacadan, o Hoanya a finacadan han saan. Nika midotoc to no hakasi ca Yung Kayin and Chung Yulan a pisapinang i, paretatenga to Hoanya alatek o nano Folaohua (Fan) a moraraway ko pipasetek. Ono finacadan to inika sasiroma no pihamon, pako niyah sa ko paratatenga.

’Eca ko malecaday to no Ketagalan a finacadan, ano eca padoedoen ho ko pisiiked. Pakayni to sowalan hakasi ca Tsuchida Shigeru aci Lee Inkee paretatenga a nisowalan, oya Ketagalan finacadan salongan malitoloay kasasiroma no sowal saan: Basay, Leilang ato Kulon. Oya Siraiya, Taivoan ato Makattao o masasiromaay ano eca o cecay a finacadan. Tangasa anini o ’alomanay a hakasi a midoedoan tono mikarkaray to notamdawan, sowalan ato lodisan masapinang, patongal no finacadan pihamon to niyah, paretatenga o na toloay ngasaw o masasiromaay caayay kalecad a yincuminco[13][14][15][16][17][18].   

Oni Ikawako no Zang itiniay ni Ino Kasunori saceker mapacomod ko Thao finacadan, o nano Pinpu finacadan ano eca o kaosanco finacadan.

==== Ikoray no kalalood a pisiiked (戰後的分類) ====
Pinapina mihecaan, no hakasi sakiPinpu finacadan a pisiiked, ira to ko fa’elohay a nengneng. No Dipong a hakasi ci Tsuchida Shigeru i 1985 mihecaan misiikedan (nengneng Tsuchida 1985), masiiked ko Pinpu finacadan to 12 finacadan: oya Kavalan, Basay, Ketagalan, Kulon, Taokas, Pazih, Papora, Babuza, Hoanya, Siraya, Makattao, Taivoan a finacadan.

Oni Li Yiyuan misiikedan to Pinpu finacadan masiiked 10 finacadan, oya Kavalan, Kentagalan, Luilang, Taokas, Papora, Babiza, Hoanya, Pazeh, Suisalien(Thau), Siraya finacadan[19]:14.  

Taywan sowalan hakasi ci Li Rengui ira ko masasiromaay a nengneng, nai 1996 miheca “Taywan Pinpu finacadan kasasiiked ato kasasikihar masiiked” a tilid, pasadak to 7 finacadan 14 ko sangasaw a nengneng: Thau, Kavalan, Ketagalan [5], Baburan [6], Pazih, Hoanya, Siraya. Ikor pakayni i sowal fa’elohay kasapinang, I 2006 miheca ato 2010 miheca mihapiw to nitilidan, oya Taivoan ato Makattao nai kaetipay Siraya amasadak[13][14].   

=== Kasamihecaan kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan. (歷年平埔族群分類)[20][21][22][23] ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
| colspan=&quot;19&quot; |'''歷年平埔族群分類'''
|-
|'''年代'''
|'''研究者'''
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; |'''族名'''
|-
|1904
|伊能嘉矩
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Vupuran
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Poavosa
|Arikun
|Lloa
|Pazzehe
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|Makattao
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1930
|移川子之藏
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Vupuran
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazeh
|Sao
|Tao
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1935
|小川尚義
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Vupuran
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazzehe
|Sao
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1944
|小川尚義
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|Luilang
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Papora
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazeh
|Sao
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1951
|張耀錡
|卡瓦蘭

（Kavalan）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |凱達格蘭

（Ketagalan）
|道卡斯

（Taokas）
|拍瀑拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴布薩

（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
|拍宰海

（Pazeh）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |西拉雅

（Siraya）
|四社熟番

（Taivoan）
|-
|1955
|李亦園
|噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|雷朗

（Luilang）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |凱達格蘭

（Ketagalan）
|道卡斯

（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |貓霧拺

（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |和安雅

（Hoanya）
|巴則海

（Pazeh）
|水沙連
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1970
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |台灣省通志
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |卡瓦蘭

（Kavalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |凱達格蘭

（Ketagalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |道卡斯

（Taokas）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |拍瀑拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴布薩

（Babuza／Poavasa）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅（Hoanya）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴則海

（Pazeh／Pazex）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
|Arikun
|Lloa
|馬卡道
|西拉雅
|四社熟番
|-
|1985-1991
|土田滋
|Kavalan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ketagalan
|Basay
|Kulon
|Taokas
|Papora
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazzahe
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|Makatao
|Siraya
|Taivoan
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1991
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |李壬癸
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |凱達格蘭（Ketagalan）
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |巴布薩（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴則海

（Pazeh）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |邵

（Thao）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
|雷朗（Luilang）
|哆囉美遠

（Trobian）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴賽（Basay）
|道卡斯（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
|貓霧拺（Babuza）
|費佛朗

（Favorlang）
|Makatao
|Siraya
|Taivoan
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1996
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |李壬癸
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |猴猴

（Qauqaut）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |凱達格蘭（Ketagalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |龜崙

（Kulon）
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |巴布蘭（Baburan）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴則海

（Pazeh）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |邵

（Thao）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
|雷朗（Luilang）
|哆囉美遠

（Trobian）
|馬賽（Basay）
|道卡斯（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
|貓霧拺（Babuza）
|費佛朗

（Favorlang）
|馬卡道（Makatao）
|西拉雅（Siraya）
|四社熟番（Taivoan）
|-
|2006-2010
|李壬癸
|噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |巴賽（凱達格蘭）

（Basay (Ketagalan)）
|龜崙

（Kulon）
|道卡斯

（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |貓霧拺（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
|巴宰

（Pazih）
|邵

（Thao）
|馬卡道（Makatao）
|西拉雅（Siraya）
|大武壠（Taivoan）
|}

=== Padetengan no finacadan (主要族群) ===
Ka’amis Taywan Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan

Tayal finacadan

Tayal Mie ngasaw

Kaetip ka’amis sowal finacadan

Saysyak finacadan (’ayaway pisiiked)

Kulon finacadan

Pazih finacadan

Pazih finacadan (palowad to sowal) [24][25]

Kahawu finacadan (palowad to sowal) [26][27][28]

Kaetip dafdafay sowal finacadan

Thao finacadan (’ayaway pisiiked)

Taokas finacadan (palowad to sowal) [29]

Papora finacadan

Babuza finacadan

Favorlang finacadan

Hoanya finacadan

Arikun finacadan

Lloa finacadan

Katimol Taywan Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan

Paiwan sowal finacadan

Paiwan Scaro ngasaw

Bunun sowal finacadan

Bunun finacadan Po ngasaw 

Kawali Taywan Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan 

Ka’amisay sowal finacadan

Kavalan finacadan (ira ho ko sowal) 

Houhou finacadan

Ketagalan finacadan

Luilang finacadan

Pazih finacadan (palowad to sowal)[30]

Trobian finacadan

Linao finacadan 

Kaetip katimolay sowal finacadan

Siraya finacadan (palowad to sowal)

Makatao finacadan

Tajialiyang tamdaw

Fangsuo tamdaw

Langqiao tamdaw

Xiaoliuqiu tamdaw

Taivoan finacadan (palowad to sowal) [7]

=== Ponka (文化) ===
Pa’atayan ngangan (姓氏)

Tadamaan ko pa’atayan ngangan no Pinpu finacadan, nawhani masaPayrangay to, saka palasawad hananay to ko tadapa’atayan ngangan ato pipangangan a rocok no Pinpu finacadan, mialaay to tono Payrangan a pa’atayan, midotoc to mikadadoedoedo no finacadan ato sangasaw a pihamon, adihay to ko nipicamol to no Payrang tamdaw, Ngangay tamdaw, roma naikoran to no kalalood mafolaway a Payrang ira aca ko kasasiroma no pa’atayan ngangan, onini pa’atayan ngangan ato pafelian a mikadadoedoedo no finacadan, malo no Pinpu finacadan no niyah pihamonan ko tadamaanay pidotocan[31].

Pafalian a pa’atayan ngangan: Pan

Roma pa’atayan ngangan: Chen, Liu, Huang, Dai, Lai.

Tadamaan pa’atayan ngangan: Bing, Yue, Bang, Yi, Ji, Yi, Li, Mao, Mao, Tong, Nian, Dong, Yan, Ai, He, Cheng, Mai, Hou, Biao, Hong, Shuang, Jiao, Feng, Shi, Zhang, Zhui, Chu, Nai, Wei, Du, Zhen, Yu, Jie, Zhao, Yong, Hu, Zhen, Xie, Mai, Zhang, Xi, Yong, Yi, Jie, Bei, Liu, Shui, Li, Gang, Kun, Zhuo, Ya, Tuo, Mi, Wu, Xin, Kang, Zhang, Chang, Shuang, Gan, Zhuang.

=== Lisin (祭祀) ===
Itini i ka’oripan to romi’ami’adan ko kaira no lisin no Pinpu finacadan, ano sowalen, patodongan no lisin oya serayan a kinaira ko nito’ongan, o pakayraan no pidemak o nikaira no to’asan a pingodo. Siikeden, malitoloay ko pita’ong no Pinpu finacadan to tato’asan:</text>
      <sha1>gc5fbbpi8r0q27ixmdxx360ohivjwo7</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>46906</id>
      <parentid>46905</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-07-07T01:12:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Masaonikar</username>
        <id>570</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Lisin (祭祀) */</comment>
      <origin>46906</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="18509" sha1="ox1s1c65un478lu9j2z1u9btgea0c6e" xml:space="preserve">== Pinpu finacadan (平埔族群) ==
Pinpu finacadan, to hatiniay Pinpoco han ko pitahidang, o pisiiked to sapikown to yincumin no Taywan a tahidang koni[2]. O roma a tahidang o Kaosancu; ikor midoedo to mikingkiway, ponkaan, itiya a mafana’ to o ’alomanay a finacadan caay ko cecayay a finacadan sato, anini falican ko pitahidang o Pinpocu fuinacadan hanto. Oya ’alomanay Pinpuco finacadan tangsa anini caay ho haydaen no Conghuaminko sifo o yincuminco caira, dengan oya pakapian i ’Amis finacadan a Kavalan finacadan.

Pinpu finacadan i’ayaw no pikowan no netherland, spain itiya o “Aporicini-アボリジニ” han ko pitahidang; pikowan to no Mancin i, saheto o mapalatamdaway, maecakay finacadan[1], ato Nama no fan, wairudona fan sanay ko pasasi’ayaw[3]:12. Orasaka o Cori sareta, Aporicini-アボリジニ itiraay i “Dafdafay pala” (Pingti caopu), samasa o sowal pangangan o Pingpuah, Pucirin, Pingpufan (Payrang: Pi-poo-hoan; Inkiris Pepohoan[4][5][6]), onini “Pinpu” a sowal todong “Dafdaf” ano eca “enaray” sanay ko todong no sowal[7].

Tangasa to pikowan no Dipong a to’ek “Taywan Fancin demak” a tilidan o yincumin malitosa Kaosancu, Pinpuco[3]:13, kasaniyaro’ a Pinpuco finacadan ona palowaday to pifalic pala “Tongninco” sanay a syakay onto[5][8]. Tangasa no Conghuaminko to’ek a mikowan miteka o rayray no Pinpuco malasawaday to ko finacadan harateng, caay to pala o yincuminco cangra; ikor makerih to ko mikingkiway t ofinacadan no Taywan, onini likisi no Pinpuco miteka a masafaloco’ no syakay, nika o Pinpuco a finacadan ona oya “Pinpuco” koni finacadan, saan to ikor miliyaw a misilsil to kasasiiked masiroma[2][3]:18.

O Saisiyat ato Thao finadan ona nipacomodan i Pinpu a finacadan, nengnengen “Pinpuco”, “mapalatamdaway”, “maecakay finacadan” ato “manta’ finacadan” sanay ko pisiiked, onini o sakanga’ay no papotalay mikowan, caayay pidotoc to no yincuminco i nihamonan no niyah konini pisiiked, saka aniniay a pipangangan no Pinpu ano eca palowad to ngangan a onto. Tangasa 2022 miheca 10 folad 28 romi’ad, ono Conghuaminko kimpo a hoyin saki Silaya finacadan to kacingangan no yincumin a demak i, mihapiw to itiyaay ho “Rikec no kacingangan no yincumin” o caayay ka tatodong i kimpo, patodongen to tolo miheca ko pisalofan, mihayda to no Kaosancu a pisingsi malayincuminco o nano Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no Taywan, midotoc a pakayni sakacingangan nai tatapangan no rikec ko Pinpu finacadan[9].  

=== Likisi (歷史)   ===
O Pinpu a finacadan nai ’ayaw 17 sician katayni no Payrang i Taywan i, malesap nai ka’amis Yilan, Kilong tangasa katimol mililisay to saetip a riyar a dafdaf a sera, itira ira ko kasasiromaan no ponka, sowal, niyaro’ ko pihamon a saniyaro’an no sa’opo.

Pinpu a fuinacadan ka’amis nai Suaw ato Tayal a kasasilaed, katimol nai Fanliaw ato Paiwanfinacadan malalaed, ikor maepec no Payrang o roma i malinah tayra roma a pala, matiya o Hengcun, Puli, Kalingko Posong.

=== Pakayraan no sowal (詞源) ===
“Pinpu” a sowal a padotocan, manga’ay so’edacen nai Cingcao Yongceng pikowan Huangsujin “Taihai sicalu” (ikor no 1742 miheca), onini a tilid masowal ko “kasa Pinpu a saniyaro’” a sowal, ikor nai ci Chen Lunjiong a “Haikuo wencienlu” (1731 miheca) ira masadak ko “Pinpu yincumin” a sowal[3]:13.

Nawhani o ponka no yincumin macacofelay i no Payrang a finacadan, orasaka i ’ayaway no Payrang a rayray no likisi no Taywan masowal ko “Fan” [3]. Nai “Fan” a tilidan, pahecian a sowal a minengneng, “Fan” oya “macengelay” ato “omah” patatekoan, o maomahay a tamdaw sanay ko pitoro’, matiniay ko sa’orip. Nika, itini i romaay finacadan konengneng, “Fan” iraay ko mipelesay, miepecay a sowal[11].

I’ayaw yincumin no Taywan dengan o “niyaro’” ko iraay awaay ko “finacadan” sanay a latrkan[3]:12, orasaka o niyaro’ sato ko pitahidang. Tinako: Tacia kawaliay niyaro’ (tongsya) ato Tacia kaetipay niyaro’ “sisya” maro’ay, sacisowal sato o Tasya a tamdaw. O Pinpu finacadan ano eca Pinpu maecakay finacadan sanay a sowal i matiliday, o sapisiiked toya mangta’ay finacadan ato malafelay finacadan ato lotokay finacadan sanay ko pasasiromaan.

Talacawa nai 18 sician matilid no Mancin o Maecakay a Pinpu sanay ko pitahidang, mika itira i 19 sician mangalef ko nikasowal[4]. Rahodayen ko sowal, i 18 sician matilid o “Pinpu fan”, “Pinpu maecakay fan”, o patoro’ to itiraay i dafdafay no Pintong, dafdafay no Yilan, dafdafay no Posong ato dafdafay no Hengcun a yincumin finacadan. So’elinen ko sowal, o nisowalan no mita anini oya “Pinpu finacadan” tosaay ko pisimed to sasowalen: “Pinpu” ato “Maecakay finacadan”. O cecay a sowal “Pinpu” malifong i kasaniyaro’, oya “maecakay a finacadan” o sowal no mikowanay; nika soelinay, naikoran no Mancin, “Pinpu”, “Maecakay finacadan” itiraay i kasasiroma no finacadan, o mirarakatay a sdowal koni a pitahidang. O pisetek malecaday o pisiiked to sasiroma no sa’etal, tinako itiraay i Hencun, “Maecakay finacadan” snay a pisetek to micamolay to Payrang ato Yincumin, saka “Maecakay finacadan” a niyaro’ han ko pitahidang.  

=== Kasasiiked (分類) ===
Talacowa naira ko tamdawan, kasasiromaroma no tamdaw itiya to masasikihar ko ira ko “sasiiked no rocok”. Nika, kaira no tamdaw ira ko “finacadan” ato “finawlan” ko pisiiked to tamdaw o ikoray to ko nian, mangalef piteka no i’ayaw no 100 miheca picalap no micingcingay ato misatekeday ko pikowanan ho itiya. O Taywan saheto o “masiikeday ko finacadan” saka matiniay ko kamatira no to’ekan mapalowan.  

Ka Dipongan no Taywan o mitakedan a micowat ko pikowan to Taywan itiya, o patodong no pikowan, o pisapinangaw misolap ato sapinang to finacadan ato sera no Taywan, saan micowat misaiked to fanacadan no Taywan ko tayal (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b); tinako oya tayniay nai congko a Minan sa’etal a Ngayngay tamdaw palaPayrangen, ’ayaway nano Ngayngay palaNgayngayen ko pakika.

Miteka, hakasi no Dipong paretatenga oya maro’ay i dafdaf a Pinpu finacadan a yincumin malaPayrang to, dengan to oya “Pinpu finacadan” ano eca “Pinpufan” a nisowalan o pihaop aca, oya nisiikedan a finacadan palao “Takayamacu” patodong. Ikor, o hakasi no Dipong to mamalasawad a ponka no Pinpu finacadan ira to ko masatalolongay a nikafana’an saka, nanoya oya nisowalan a “Pinpu finacadan”, so’elinen halo adihayay kasasiroma no sowal, kasasiroma a ponka no finacadan.

Nikawrira, ’ayaw no 90 no mihecaan, o hakasi sakiPinpu finacadan masasiroma ko pisiiked, ira ko 7 finacadan 14 sangasaw, ira ko 8 finacadan, 9 finacadan, 10 finacadan, 12 finacadan sanay (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b).

Midotoc to aniniay mikingkiway pahecian, saki “Pinpu finacadan”, “Takayamacu” a kasasiiked, caay ko tataparan sanay masasiiked ko finawlan, o nano nai 17 sician ko nisanga’an a likisi, nawhani kasafinacadan a ’orip a sofal ato Palapayrangan a ko saka milafotay to calay. Roma a sowal, o nian “Pinpu finacadan” a kasasiroma no ponka, latek ikaka to cecay no “Pinpucu” ato cecay no “Takasakoco” a kasasiroma, o cecay no “Pinpu finacadan” ato cecay no “Takasako finacadan” latek oya cecayay a finacadan. Tinako sasowalen, nai sowal ato ponka ko pinengneng, samangataay to no ’Amis finacadan a Slaya, Taman ato Makataw finacadan no Taywan a Pinpu finacadan; o sowal ato Saysiyak finacadan mangata to Loylon finacadan no yincuminco.

=== Pakayraan no finacadan (族源) ===
Midoedo to no aniniay nipikingkiw misaheci, pakayraan no Pinpuco a ponka saheto o nai Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no Taywan. Onini a finacadan malesap itini i Taypinyang ato Intoyang, samaraayay manga’ay rapoten koya maraayay to Taywan a Easter Island ato Madagascar.

Dotocen ko kaitiraan, o itiraay i paka’amisay a finacadan no Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan i Taywan ko Pinpu a finacadan. So’elinen o I’ayaway no fa’elohay fokelohan a to’ek ko kaira ano eca talahakel i Taywan ko Pinpu finacadan, o nano mikiriyaray a finacadan. O piwacay no Yincuminco wiyinhuy to yincuminco no Taywan ato Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no hekal a kasakihar i pahapinang to o “nao Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan ko finacadan no Taywan, sakitamdawan ono Malay a tamdawan saka, o paka’amisay no Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan ko Taywan” saan[12].

==== No kaDipongan to’ek a pisilsil (日治時期的分類) ====
Saki Pinpu finacadan a pisilisil, awaay ko masongila’ay a kadadoedo no pisilsil i pikowan no Dipong to Taywan. Itira sa i Netherland a mikowan dengan sa o no kasaniyaro’ a ngangan, oraan sa ko pidoedoan kasasilsil no sa’etal, masa’isal ko pinapina sa’etal no finacadan. Ono i Mancin ni Huang Shujing to “Fansu liukao” a tilid i, malecad to pakayni kasasilsil a palaan misiiked a 13 niyaro’ ko yincumin funacadan.

Tangasa no Dipongan a to’ak, ona Ino Yoshinori, awaya den'nojo a “Taiwan yicumin mondai” (1900) a tilidan itiya to madadoedo ko pisilsil misiiked, ikor to ni Ino Yoshinori a “Taiwan yincumin seici” (1900) a tilidan, itiya masalof ko kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan, kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan ira: Ketagalan, Kavalan, Taokas, Pazih, Papora, Babuza, Arikun, Lloa, Siraya, Makattao 10 finacadan.

Oni Ino Yoshinori a nisiikedan kadadoedo o kacipinangan to pidoedoan, ona Igawa Kazo, Ogawa Tadayoshi, Mabuchi Toichi o pasadakay to kasasiiked siroma no pisilsil (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b). o kalaliyangan ira ko pinapina:

Pakayni to na 2 finacadan Arikun ato Lloa o papalacecayen ko finacadan: o roma a hakasi pasilacecay han koni 2 finacadan, o Hoanya a finacadan han saan. Nika midotoc to no hakasi ca Yung Kayin and Chung Yulan a pisapinang i, paretatenga to Hoanya alatek o nano Folaohua (Fan) a moraraway ko pipasetek. Ono finacadan to inika sasiroma no pihamon, pako niyah sa ko paratatenga.

’Eca ko malecaday to no Ketagalan a finacadan, ano eca padoedoen ho ko pisiiked. Pakayni to sowalan hakasi ca Tsuchida Shigeru aci Lee Inkee paretatenga a nisowalan, oya Ketagalan finacadan salongan malitoloay kasasiroma no sowal saan: Basay, Leilang ato Kulon. Oya Siraiya, Taivoan ato Makattao o masasiromaay ano eca o cecay a finacadan. Tangasa anini o ’alomanay a hakasi a midoedoan tono mikarkaray to notamdawan, sowalan ato lodisan masapinang, patongal no finacadan pihamon to niyah, paretatenga o na toloay ngasaw o masasiromaay caayay kalecad a yincuminco[13][14][15][16][17][18].   

Oni Ikawako no Zang itiniay ni Ino Kasunori saceker mapacomod ko Thao finacadan, o nano Pinpu finacadan ano eca o kaosanco finacadan.

==== Ikoray no kalalood a pisiiked (戰後的分類) ====
Pinapina mihecaan, no hakasi sakiPinpu finacadan a pisiiked, ira to ko fa’elohay a nengneng. No Dipong a hakasi ci Tsuchida Shigeru i 1985 mihecaan misiikedan (nengneng Tsuchida 1985), masiiked ko Pinpu finacadan to 12 finacadan: oya Kavalan, Basay, Ketagalan, Kulon, Taokas, Pazih, Papora, Babuza, Hoanya, Siraya, Makattao, Taivoan a finacadan.

Oni Li Yiyuan misiikedan to Pinpu finacadan masiiked 10 finacadan, oya Kavalan, Kentagalan, Luilang, Taokas, Papora, Babiza, Hoanya, Pazeh, Suisalien(Thau), Siraya finacadan[19]:14.  

Taywan sowalan hakasi ci Li Rengui ira ko masasiromaay a nengneng, nai 1996 miheca “Taywan Pinpu finacadan kasasiiked ato kasasikihar masiiked” a tilid, pasadak to 7 finacadan 14 ko sangasaw a nengneng: Thau, Kavalan, Ketagalan [5], Baburan [6], Pazih, Hoanya, Siraya. Ikor pakayni i sowal fa’elohay kasapinang, I 2006 miheca ato 2010 miheca mihapiw to nitilidan, oya Taivoan ato Makattao nai kaetipay Siraya amasadak[13][14].   

=== Kasamihecaan kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan. (歷年平埔族群分類)[20][21][22][23] ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
| colspan=&quot;19&quot; |'''歷年平埔族群分類'''
|-
|'''年代'''
|'''研究者'''
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; |'''族名'''
|-
|1904
|伊能嘉矩
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Vupuran
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Poavosa
|Arikun
|Lloa
|Pazzehe
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|Makattao
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1930
|移川子之藏
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Vupuran
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazeh
|Sao
|Tao
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1935
|小川尚義
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Vupuran
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazzehe
|Sao
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1944
|小川尚義
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|Luilang
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Papora
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazeh
|Sao
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1951
|張耀錡
|卡瓦蘭

（Kavalan）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |凱達格蘭

（Ketagalan）
|道卡斯

（Taokas）
|拍瀑拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴布薩

（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
|拍宰海

（Pazeh）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |西拉雅

（Siraya）
|四社熟番

（Taivoan）
|-
|1955
|李亦園
|噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|雷朗

（Luilang）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |凱達格蘭

（Ketagalan）
|道卡斯

（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |貓霧拺

（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |和安雅

（Hoanya）
|巴則海

（Pazeh）
|水沙連
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1970
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |台灣省通志
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |卡瓦蘭

（Kavalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |凱達格蘭

（Ketagalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |道卡斯

（Taokas）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |拍瀑拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴布薩

（Babuza／Poavasa）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅（Hoanya）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴則海

（Pazeh／Pazex）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
|Arikun
|Lloa
|馬卡道
|西拉雅
|四社熟番
|-
|1985-1991
|土田滋
|Kavalan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ketagalan
|Basay
|Kulon
|Taokas
|Papora
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazzahe
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|Makatao
|Siraya
|Taivoan
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1991
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |李壬癸
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |凱達格蘭（Ketagalan）
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |巴布薩（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴則海

（Pazeh）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |邵

（Thao）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
|雷朗（Luilang）
|哆囉美遠

（Trobian）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴賽（Basay）
|道卡斯（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
|貓霧拺（Babuza）
|費佛朗

（Favorlang）
|Makatao
|Siraya
|Taivoan
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1996
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |李壬癸
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |猴猴

（Qauqaut）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |凱達格蘭（Ketagalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |龜崙

（Kulon）
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |巴布蘭（Baburan）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴則海

（Pazeh）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |邵

（Thao）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
|雷朗（Luilang）
|哆囉美遠

（Trobian）
|馬賽（Basay）
|道卡斯（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
|貓霧拺（Babuza）
|費佛朗

（Favorlang）
|馬卡道（Makatao）
|西拉雅（Siraya）
|四社熟番（Taivoan）
|-
|2006-2010
|李壬癸
|噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |巴賽（凱達格蘭）

（Basay (Ketagalan)）
|龜崙

（Kulon）
|道卡斯

（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |貓霧拺（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
|巴宰

（Pazih）
|邵

（Thao）
|馬卡道（Makatao）
|西拉雅（Siraya）
|大武壠（Taivoan）
|}

=== Padetengan no finacadan (主要族群) ===
Ka’amis Taywan Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan

Tayal finacadan

Tayal Mie ngasaw

Kaetip ka’amis sowal finacadan

Saysyak finacadan (’ayaway pisiiked)

Kulon finacadan

Pazih finacadan

Pazih finacadan (palowad to sowal) [24][25]

Kahawu finacadan (palowad to sowal) [26][27][28]

Kaetip dafdafay sowal finacadan

Thao finacadan (’ayaway pisiiked)

Taokas finacadan (palowad to sowal) [29]

Papora finacadan

Babuza finacadan

Favorlang finacadan

Hoanya finacadan

Arikun finacadan

Lloa finacadan

Katimol Taywan Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan

Paiwan sowal finacadan

Paiwan Scaro ngasaw

Bunun sowal finacadan

Bunun finacadan Po ngasaw 

Kawali Taywan Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan 

Ka’amisay sowal finacadan

Kavalan finacadan (ira ho ko sowal) 

Houhou finacadan

Ketagalan finacadan

Luilang finacadan

Pazih finacadan (palowad to sowal)[30]

Trobian finacadan

Linao finacadan 

Kaetip katimolay sowal finacadan

Siraya finacadan (palowad to sowal)

Makatao finacadan

Tajialiyang tamdaw

Fangsuo tamdaw

Langqiao tamdaw

Xiaoliuqiu tamdaw

Taivoan finacadan (palowad to sowal) [7]

=== Ponka (文化) ===
Pa’atayan ngangan (姓氏)

Tadamaan ko pa’atayan ngangan no Pinpu finacadan, nawhani masaPayrangay to, saka palasawad hananay to ko tadapa’atayan ngangan ato pipangangan a rocok no Pinpu finacadan, mialaay to tono Payrangan a pa’atayan, midotoc to mikadadoedoedo no finacadan ato sangasaw a pihamon, adihay to ko nipicamol to no Payrang tamdaw, Ngangay tamdaw, roma naikoran to no kalalood mafolaway a Payrang ira aca ko kasasiroma no pa’atayan ngangan, onini pa’atayan ngangan ato pafelian a mikadadoedoedo no finacadan, malo no Pinpu finacadan no niyah pihamonan ko tadamaanay pidotocan[31].

Pafalian a pa’atayan ngangan: Pan

Roma pa’atayan ngangan: Chen, Liu, Huang, Dai, Lai.

Tadamaan pa’atayan ngangan: Bing, Yue, Bang, Yi, Ji, Yi, Li, Mao, Mao, Tong, Nian, Dong, Yan, Ai, He, Cheng, Mai, Hou, Biao, Hong, Shuang, Jiao, Feng, Shi, Zhang, Zhui, Chu, Nai, Wei, Du, Zhen, Yu, Jie, Zhao, Yong, Hu, Zhen, Xie, Mai, Zhang, Xi, Yong, Yi, Jie, Bei, Liu, Shui, Li, Gang, Kun, Zhuo, Ya, Tuo, Mi, Wu, Xin, Kang, Zhang, Chang, Shuang, Gan, Zhuang.

=== Lisin (祭祀) ===
Itini i ka’oripan to romi’ami’adan ko kaira no lisin no Pinpu finacadan, ano sowalen, patodongan no lisin oya serayan a kinaira ko nito’ongan, o pakayraan no pidemak o nikaira no to’asan a pingodo. Siikeden, malitoloay ko pita’ong no Pinpu finacadan to tato’asan:

Comikayay to’asan lisin, mararid ko itiraay tenokan no Taywan a Pazeh finacadan, Papora finacadan,Taokas finacadan, pangangan no lisin itiyaay a lisin a kacomikayan ko todong, mahaenay a lisin roma matiyaay no kaemangay licekah kakomodan sakaira.</text>
      <sha1>ox1s1c65un478lu9j2z1u9btgea0c6e</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>46907</id>
      <parentid>46906</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-07-07T01:12:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Masaonikar</username>
        <id>570</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Lisin (祭祀) */</comment>
      <origin>46907</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="18908" sha1="dqwrhyp8hf1r879t942mrhvxrwsfshf" xml:space="preserve">== Pinpu finacadan (平埔族群) ==
Pinpu finacadan, to hatiniay Pinpoco han ko pitahidang, o pisiiked to sapikown to yincumin no Taywan a tahidang koni[2]. O roma a tahidang o Kaosancu; ikor midoedo to mikingkiway, ponkaan, itiya a mafana’ to o ’alomanay a finacadan caay ko cecayay a finacadan sato, anini falican ko pitahidang o Pinpocu fuinacadan hanto. Oya ’alomanay Pinpuco finacadan tangsa anini caay ho haydaen no Conghuaminko sifo o yincuminco caira, dengan oya pakapian i ’Amis finacadan a Kavalan finacadan.

Pinpu finacadan i’ayaw no pikowan no netherland, spain itiya o “Aporicini-アボリジニ” han ko pitahidang; pikowan to no Mancin i, saheto o mapalatamdaway, maecakay finacadan[1], ato Nama no fan, wairudona fan sanay ko pasasi’ayaw[3]:12. Orasaka o Cori sareta, Aporicini-アボリジニ itiraay i “Dafdafay pala” (Pingti caopu), samasa o sowal pangangan o Pingpuah, Pucirin, Pingpufan (Payrang: Pi-poo-hoan; Inkiris Pepohoan[4][5][6]), onini “Pinpu” a sowal todong “Dafdaf” ano eca “enaray” sanay ko todong no sowal[7].

Tangasa to pikowan no Dipong a to’ek “Taywan Fancin demak” a tilidan o yincumin malitosa Kaosancu, Pinpuco[3]:13, kasaniyaro’ a Pinpuco finacadan ona palowaday to pifalic pala “Tongninco” sanay a syakay onto[5][8]. Tangasa no Conghuaminko to’ek a mikowan miteka o rayray no Pinpuco malasawaday to ko finacadan harateng, caay to pala o yincuminco cangra; ikor makerih to ko mikingkiway t ofinacadan no Taywan, onini likisi no Pinpuco miteka a masafaloco’ no syakay, nika o Pinpuco a finacadan ona oya “Pinpuco” koni finacadan, saan to ikor miliyaw a misilsil to kasasiiked masiroma[2][3]:18.

O Saisiyat ato Thao finadan ona nipacomodan i Pinpu a finacadan, nengnengen “Pinpuco”, “mapalatamdaway”, “maecakay finacadan” ato “manta’ finacadan” sanay ko pisiiked, onini o sakanga’ay no papotalay mikowan, caayay pidotoc to no yincuminco i nihamonan no niyah konini pisiiked, saka aniniay a pipangangan no Pinpu ano eca palowad to ngangan a onto. Tangasa 2022 miheca 10 folad 28 romi’ad, ono Conghuaminko kimpo a hoyin saki Silaya finacadan to kacingangan no yincumin a demak i, mihapiw to itiyaay ho “Rikec no kacingangan no yincumin” o caayay ka tatodong i kimpo, patodongen to tolo miheca ko pisalofan, mihayda to no Kaosancu a pisingsi malayincuminco o nano Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no Taywan, midotoc a pakayni sakacingangan nai tatapangan no rikec ko Pinpu finacadan[9].  

=== Likisi (歷史)   ===
O Pinpu a finacadan nai ’ayaw 17 sician katayni no Payrang i Taywan i, malesap nai ka’amis Yilan, Kilong tangasa katimol mililisay to saetip a riyar a dafdaf a sera, itira ira ko kasasiromaan no ponka, sowal, niyaro’ ko pihamon a saniyaro’an no sa’opo.

Pinpu a fuinacadan ka’amis nai Suaw ato Tayal a kasasilaed, katimol nai Fanliaw ato Paiwanfinacadan malalaed, ikor maepec no Payrang o roma i malinah tayra roma a pala, matiya o Hengcun, Puli, Kalingko Posong.

=== Pakayraan no sowal (詞源) ===
“Pinpu” a sowal a padotocan, manga’ay so’edacen nai Cingcao Yongceng pikowan Huangsujin “Taihai sicalu” (ikor no 1742 miheca), onini a tilid masowal ko “kasa Pinpu a saniyaro’” a sowal, ikor nai ci Chen Lunjiong a “Haikuo wencienlu” (1731 miheca) ira masadak ko “Pinpu yincumin” a sowal[3]:13.

Nawhani o ponka no yincumin macacofelay i no Payrang a finacadan, orasaka i ’ayaway no Payrang a rayray no likisi no Taywan masowal ko “Fan” [3]. Nai “Fan” a tilidan, pahecian a sowal a minengneng, “Fan” oya “macengelay” ato “omah” patatekoan, o maomahay a tamdaw sanay ko pitoro’, matiniay ko sa’orip. Nika, itini i romaay finacadan konengneng, “Fan” iraay ko mipelesay, miepecay a sowal[11].

I’ayaw yincumin no Taywan dengan o “niyaro’” ko iraay awaay ko “finacadan” sanay a latrkan[3]:12, orasaka o niyaro’ sato ko pitahidang. Tinako: Tacia kawaliay niyaro’ (tongsya) ato Tacia kaetipay niyaro’ “sisya” maro’ay, sacisowal sato o Tasya a tamdaw. O Pinpu finacadan ano eca Pinpu maecakay finacadan sanay a sowal i matiliday, o sapisiiked toya mangta’ay finacadan ato malafelay finacadan ato lotokay finacadan sanay ko pasasiromaan.

Talacawa nai 18 sician matilid no Mancin o Maecakay a Pinpu sanay ko pitahidang, mika itira i 19 sician mangalef ko nikasowal[4]. Rahodayen ko sowal, i 18 sician matilid o “Pinpu fan”, “Pinpu maecakay fan”, o patoro’ to itiraay i dafdafay no Pintong, dafdafay no Yilan, dafdafay no Posong ato dafdafay no Hengcun a yincumin finacadan. So’elinen ko sowal, o nisowalan no mita anini oya “Pinpu finacadan” tosaay ko pisimed to sasowalen: “Pinpu” ato “Maecakay finacadan”. O cecay a sowal “Pinpu” malifong i kasaniyaro’, oya “maecakay a finacadan” o sowal no mikowanay; nika soelinay, naikoran no Mancin, “Pinpu”, “Maecakay finacadan” itiraay i kasasiroma no finacadan, o mirarakatay a sdowal koni a pitahidang. O pisetek malecaday o pisiiked to sasiroma no sa’etal, tinako itiraay i Hencun, “Maecakay finacadan” snay a pisetek to micamolay to Payrang ato Yincumin, saka “Maecakay finacadan” a niyaro’ han ko pitahidang.  

=== Kasasiiked (分類) ===
Talacowa naira ko tamdawan, kasasiromaroma no tamdaw itiya to masasikihar ko ira ko “sasiiked no rocok”. Nika, kaira no tamdaw ira ko “finacadan” ato “finawlan” ko pisiiked to tamdaw o ikoray to ko nian, mangalef piteka no i’ayaw no 100 miheca picalap no micingcingay ato misatekeday ko pikowanan ho itiya. O Taywan saheto o “masiikeday ko finacadan” saka matiniay ko kamatira no to’ekan mapalowan.  

Ka Dipongan no Taywan o mitakedan a micowat ko pikowan to Taywan itiya, o patodong no pikowan, o pisapinangaw misolap ato sapinang to finacadan ato sera no Taywan, saan micowat misaiked to fanacadan no Taywan ko tayal (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b); tinako oya tayniay nai congko a Minan sa’etal a Ngayngay tamdaw palaPayrangen, ’ayaway nano Ngayngay palaNgayngayen ko pakika.

Miteka, hakasi no Dipong paretatenga oya maro’ay i dafdaf a Pinpu finacadan a yincumin malaPayrang to, dengan to oya “Pinpu finacadan” ano eca “Pinpufan” a nisowalan o pihaop aca, oya nisiikedan a finacadan palao “Takayamacu” patodong. Ikor, o hakasi no Dipong to mamalasawad a ponka no Pinpu finacadan ira to ko masatalolongay a nikafana’an saka, nanoya oya nisowalan a “Pinpu finacadan”, so’elinen halo adihayay kasasiroma no sowal, kasasiroma a ponka no finacadan.

Nikawrira, ’ayaw no 90 no mihecaan, o hakasi sakiPinpu finacadan masasiroma ko pisiiked, ira ko 7 finacadan 14 sangasaw, ira ko 8 finacadan, 9 finacadan, 10 finacadan, 12 finacadan sanay (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b).

Midotoc to aniniay mikingkiway pahecian, saki “Pinpu finacadan”, “Takayamacu” a kasasiiked, caay ko tataparan sanay masasiiked ko finawlan, o nano nai 17 sician ko nisanga’an a likisi, nawhani kasafinacadan a ’orip a sofal ato Palapayrangan a ko saka milafotay to calay. Roma a sowal, o nian “Pinpu finacadan” a kasasiroma no ponka, latek ikaka to cecay no “Pinpucu” ato cecay no “Takasakoco” a kasasiroma, o cecay no “Pinpu finacadan” ato cecay no “Takasako finacadan” latek oya cecayay a finacadan. Tinako sasowalen, nai sowal ato ponka ko pinengneng, samangataay to no ’Amis finacadan a Slaya, Taman ato Makataw finacadan no Taywan a Pinpu finacadan; o sowal ato Saysiyak finacadan mangata to Loylon finacadan no yincuminco.

=== Pakayraan no finacadan (族源) ===
Midoedo to no aniniay nipikingkiw misaheci, pakayraan no Pinpuco a ponka saheto o nai Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no Taywan. Onini a finacadan malesap itini i Taypinyang ato Intoyang, samaraayay manga’ay rapoten koya maraayay to Taywan a Easter Island ato Madagascar.

Dotocen ko kaitiraan, o itiraay i paka’amisay a finacadan no Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan i Taywan ko Pinpu a finacadan. So’elinen o I’ayaway no fa’elohay fokelohan a to’ek ko kaira ano eca talahakel i Taywan ko Pinpu finacadan, o nano mikiriyaray a finacadan. O piwacay no Yincuminco wiyinhuy to yincuminco no Taywan ato Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no hekal a kasakihar i pahapinang to o “nao Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan ko finacadan no Taywan, sakitamdawan ono Malay a tamdawan saka, o paka’amisay no Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan ko Taywan” saan[12].

==== No kaDipongan to’ek a pisilsil (日治時期的分類) ====
Saki Pinpu finacadan a pisilisil, awaay ko masongila’ay a kadadoedo no pisilsil i pikowan no Dipong to Taywan. Itira sa i Netherland a mikowan dengan sa o no kasaniyaro’ a ngangan, oraan sa ko pidoedoan kasasilsil no sa’etal, masa’isal ko pinapina sa’etal no finacadan. Ono i Mancin ni Huang Shujing to “Fansu liukao” a tilid i, malecad to pakayni kasasilsil a palaan misiiked a 13 niyaro’ ko yincumin funacadan.

Tangasa no Dipongan a to’ak, ona Ino Yoshinori, awaya den'nojo a “Taiwan yicumin mondai” (1900) a tilidan itiya to madadoedo ko pisilsil misiiked, ikor to ni Ino Yoshinori a “Taiwan yincumin seici” (1900) a tilidan, itiya masalof ko kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan, kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan ira: Ketagalan, Kavalan, Taokas, Pazih, Papora, Babuza, Arikun, Lloa, Siraya, Makattao 10 finacadan.

Oni Ino Yoshinori a nisiikedan kadadoedo o kacipinangan to pidoedoan, ona Igawa Kazo, Ogawa Tadayoshi, Mabuchi Toichi o pasadakay to kasasiiked siroma no pisilsil (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b). o kalaliyangan ira ko pinapina:

Pakayni to na 2 finacadan Arikun ato Lloa o papalacecayen ko finacadan: o roma a hakasi pasilacecay han koni 2 finacadan, o Hoanya a finacadan han saan. Nika midotoc to no hakasi ca Yung Kayin and Chung Yulan a pisapinang i, paretatenga to Hoanya alatek o nano Folaohua (Fan) a moraraway ko pipasetek. Ono finacadan to inika sasiroma no pihamon, pako niyah sa ko paratatenga.

’Eca ko malecaday to no Ketagalan a finacadan, ano eca padoedoen ho ko pisiiked. Pakayni to sowalan hakasi ca Tsuchida Shigeru aci Lee Inkee paretatenga a nisowalan, oya Ketagalan finacadan salongan malitoloay kasasiroma no sowal saan: Basay, Leilang ato Kulon. Oya Siraiya, Taivoan ato Makattao o masasiromaay ano eca o cecay a finacadan. Tangasa anini o ’alomanay a hakasi a midoedoan tono mikarkaray to notamdawan, sowalan ato lodisan masapinang, patongal no finacadan pihamon to niyah, paretatenga o na toloay ngasaw o masasiromaay caayay kalecad a yincuminco[13][14][15][16][17][18].   

Oni Ikawako no Zang itiniay ni Ino Kasunori saceker mapacomod ko Thao finacadan, o nano Pinpu finacadan ano eca o kaosanco finacadan.

==== Ikoray no kalalood a pisiiked (戰後的分類) ====
Pinapina mihecaan, no hakasi sakiPinpu finacadan a pisiiked, ira to ko fa’elohay a nengneng. No Dipong a hakasi ci Tsuchida Shigeru i 1985 mihecaan misiikedan (nengneng Tsuchida 1985), masiiked ko Pinpu finacadan to 12 finacadan: oya Kavalan, Basay, Ketagalan, Kulon, Taokas, Pazih, Papora, Babuza, Hoanya, Siraya, Makattao, Taivoan a finacadan.

Oni Li Yiyuan misiikedan to Pinpu finacadan masiiked 10 finacadan, oya Kavalan, Kentagalan, Luilang, Taokas, Papora, Babiza, Hoanya, Pazeh, Suisalien(Thau), Siraya finacadan[19]:14.  

Taywan sowalan hakasi ci Li Rengui ira ko masasiromaay a nengneng, nai 1996 miheca “Taywan Pinpu finacadan kasasiiked ato kasasikihar masiiked” a tilid, pasadak to 7 finacadan 14 ko sangasaw a nengneng: Thau, Kavalan, Ketagalan [5], Baburan [6], Pazih, Hoanya, Siraya. Ikor pakayni i sowal fa’elohay kasapinang, I 2006 miheca ato 2010 miheca mihapiw to nitilidan, oya Taivoan ato Makattao nai kaetipay Siraya amasadak[13][14].   

=== Kasamihecaan kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan. (歷年平埔族群分類)[20][21][22][23] ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
| colspan=&quot;19&quot; |'''歷年平埔族群分類'''
|-
|'''年代'''
|'''研究者'''
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; |'''族名'''
|-
|1904
|伊能嘉矩
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Vupuran
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Poavosa
|Arikun
|Lloa
|Pazzehe
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|Makattao
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1930
|移川子之藏
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Vupuran
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazeh
|Sao
|Tao
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1935
|小川尚義
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Vupuran
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazzehe
|Sao
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1944
|小川尚義
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|Luilang
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Papora
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazeh
|Sao
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1951
|張耀錡
|卡瓦蘭

（Kavalan）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |凱達格蘭

（Ketagalan）
|道卡斯

（Taokas）
|拍瀑拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴布薩

（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
|拍宰海

（Pazeh）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |西拉雅

（Siraya）
|四社熟番

（Taivoan）
|-
|1955
|李亦園
|噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|雷朗

（Luilang）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |凱達格蘭

（Ketagalan）
|道卡斯

（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |貓霧拺

（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |和安雅

（Hoanya）
|巴則海

（Pazeh）
|水沙連
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1970
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |台灣省通志
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |卡瓦蘭

（Kavalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |凱達格蘭

（Ketagalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |道卡斯

（Taokas）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |拍瀑拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴布薩

（Babuza／Poavasa）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅（Hoanya）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴則海

（Pazeh／Pazex）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
|Arikun
|Lloa
|馬卡道
|西拉雅
|四社熟番
|-
|1985-1991
|土田滋
|Kavalan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ketagalan
|Basay
|Kulon
|Taokas
|Papora
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazzahe
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|Makatao
|Siraya
|Taivoan
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1991
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |李壬癸
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |凱達格蘭（Ketagalan）
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |巴布薩（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴則海

（Pazeh）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |邵

（Thao）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
|雷朗（Luilang）
|哆囉美遠

（Trobian）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴賽（Basay）
|道卡斯（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
|貓霧拺（Babuza）
|費佛朗

（Favorlang）
|Makatao
|Siraya
|Taivoan
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1996
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |李壬癸
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |猴猴

（Qauqaut）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |凱達格蘭（Ketagalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |龜崙

（Kulon）
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |巴布蘭（Baburan）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴則海

（Pazeh）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |邵

（Thao）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
|雷朗（Luilang）
|哆囉美遠

（Trobian）
|馬賽（Basay）
|道卡斯（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
|貓霧拺（Babuza）
|費佛朗

（Favorlang）
|馬卡道（Makatao）
|西拉雅（Siraya）
|四社熟番（Taivoan）
|-
|2006-2010
|李壬癸
|噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |巴賽（凱達格蘭）

（Basay (Ketagalan)）
|龜崙

（Kulon）
|道卡斯

（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |貓霧拺（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
|巴宰

（Pazih）
|邵

（Thao）
|馬卡道（Makatao）
|西拉雅（Siraya）
|大武壠（Taivoan）
|}

=== Padetengan no finacadan (主要族群) ===
Ka’amis Taywan Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan

Tayal finacadan

Tayal Mie ngasaw

Kaetip ka’amis sowal finacadan

Saysyak finacadan (’ayaway pisiiked)

Kulon finacadan

Pazih finacadan

Pazih finacadan (palowad to sowal) [24][25]

Kahawu finacadan (palowad to sowal) [26][27][28]

Kaetip dafdafay sowal finacadan

Thao finacadan (’ayaway pisiiked)

Taokas finacadan (palowad to sowal) [29]

Papora finacadan

Babuza finacadan

Favorlang finacadan

Hoanya finacadan

Arikun finacadan

Lloa finacadan

Katimol Taywan Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan

Paiwan sowal finacadan

Paiwan Scaro ngasaw

Bunun sowal finacadan

Bunun finacadan Po ngasaw 

Kawali Taywan Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan 

Ka’amisay sowal finacadan

Kavalan finacadan (ira ho ko sowal) 

Houhou finacadan

Ketagalan finacadan

Luilang finacadan

Pazih finacadan (palowad to sowal)[30]

Trobian finacadan

Linao finacadan 

Kaetip katimolay sowal finacadan

Siraya finacadan (palowad to sowal)

Makatao finacadan

Tajialiyang tamdaw

Fangsuo tamdaw

Langqiao tamdaw

Xiaoliuqiu tamdaw

Taivoan finacadan (palowad to sowal) [7]

=== Ponka (文化) ===
Pa’atayan ngangan (姓氏)

Tadamaan ko pa’atayan ngangan no Pinpu finacadan, nawhani masaPayrangay to, saka palasawad hananay to ko tadapa’atayan ngangan ato pipangangan a rocok no Pinpu finacadan, mialaay to tono Payrangan a pa’atayan, midotoc to mikadadoedoedo no finacadan ato sangasaw a pihamon, adihay to ko nipicamol to no Payrang tamdaw, Ngangay tamdaw, roma naikoran to no kalalood mafolaway a Payrang ira aca ko kasasiroma no pa’atayan ngangan, onini pa’atayan ngangan ato pafelian a mikadadoedoedo no finacadan, malo no Pinpu finacadan no niyah pihamonan ko tadamaanay pidotocan[31].

Pafalian a pa’atayan ngangan: Pan

Roma pa’atayan ngangan: Chen, Liu, Huang, Dai, Lai.

Tadamaan pa’atayan ngangan: Bing, Yue, Bang, Yi, Ji, Yi, Li, Mao, Mao, Tong, Nian, Dong, Yan, Ai, He, Cheng, Mai, Hou, Biao, Hong, Shuang, Jiao, Feng, Shi, Zhang, Zhui, Chu, Nai, Wei, Du, Zhen, Yu, Jie, Zhao, Yong, Hu, Zhen, Xie, Mai, Zhang, Xi, Yong, Yi, Jie, Bei, Liu, Shui, Li, Gang, Kun, Zhuo, Ya, Tuo, Mi, Wu, Xin, Kang, Zhang, Chang, Shuang, Gan, Zhuang.

=== Lisin (祭祀) ===
Itini i ka’oripan to romi’ami’adan ko kaira no lisin no Pinpu finacadan, ano sowalen, patodongan no lisin oya serayan a kinaira ko nito’ongan, o pakayraan no pidemak o nikaira no to’asan a pingodo. Siikeden, malitoloay ko pita’ong no Pinpu finacadan to tato’asan:

Comikayay to’asan lisin, mararid ko itiraay tenokan no Taywan a Pazeh finacadan, Papora finacadan,Taokas finacadan, pangangan no lisin itiyaay a lisin a kacomikayan ko todong, mahaenay a lisin roma matiyaay no kaemangay licekah kakomodan sakaira.

Katimolay Siraya finacadan, Makatao finacadan a to’asan lisin oya koreng ko todong tireng no to’asan a mita’ong, matiniay a pita’ong a lekakawa ato ’okak no to’asan pita’ong. Nika ngataay a Taivoan finacadan caay pita’ong to koreng, caay paso’elin t okaitira no to’asan i koreng, o paso’elinan tato’asan itiraay i kapolongan pita’omngan ko pipasayraan mipacakat to kawas.</text>
      <sha1>dqwrhyp8hf1r879t942mrhvxrwsfshf</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>46908</id>
      <parentid>46907</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-07-07T01:12:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Masaonikar</username>
        <id>570</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Lisin (祭祀) */</comment>
      <origin>46908</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="19079" sha1="9wzipynvbg4e8wo42yfl3yrnyoa2abv" xml:space="preserve">== Pinpu finacadan (平埔族群) ==
Pinpu finacadan, to hatiniay Pinpoco han ko pitahidang, o pisiiked to sapikown to yincumin no Taywan a tahidang koni[2]. O roma a tahidang o Kaosancu; ikor midoedo to mikingkiway, ponkaan, itiya a mafana’ to o ’alomanay a finacadan caay ko cecayay a finacadan sato, anini falican ko pitahidang o Pinpocu fuinacadan hanto. Oya ’alomanay Pinpuco finacadan tangsa anini caay ho haydaen no Conghuaminko sifo o yincuminco caira, dengan oya pakapian i ’Amis finacadan a Kavalan finacadan.

Pinpu finacadan i’ayaw no pikowan no netherland, spain itiya o “Aporicini-アボリジニ” han ko pitahidang; pikowan to no Mancin i, saheto o mapalatamdaway, maecakay finacadan[1], ato Nama no fan, wairudona fan sanay ko pasasi’ayaw[3]:12. Orasaka o Cori sareta, Aporicini-アボリジニ itiraay i “Dafdafay pala” (Pingti caopu), samasa o sowal pangangan o Pingpuah, Pucirin, Pingpufan (Payrang: Pi-poo-hoan; Inkiris Pepohoan[4][5][6]), onini “Pinpu” a sowal todong “Dafdaf” ano eca “enaray” sanay ko todong no sowal[7].

Tangasa to pikowan no Dipong a to’ek “Taywan Fancin demak” a tilidan o yincumin malitosa Kaosancu, Pinpuco[3]:13, kasaniyaro’ a Pinpuco finacadan ona palowaday to pifalic pala “Tongninco” sanay a syakay onto[5][8]. Tangasa no Conghuaminko to’ek a mikowan miteka o rayray no Pinpuco malasawaday to ko finacadan harateng, caay to pala o yincuminco cangra; ikor makerih to ko mikingkiway t ofinacadan no Taywan, onini likisi no Pinpuco miteka a masafaloco’ no syakay, nika o Pinpuco a finacadan ona oya “Pinpuco” koni finacadan, saan to ikor miliyaw a misilsil to kasasiiked masiroma[2][3]:18.

O Saisiyat ato Thao finadan ona nipacomodan i Pinpu a finacadan, nengnengen “Pinpuco”, “mapalatamdaway”, “maecakay finacadan” ato “manta’ finacadan” sanay ko pisiiked, onini o sakanga’ay no papotalay mikowan, caayay pidotoc to no yincuminco i nihamonan no niyah konini pisiiked, saka aniniay a pipangangan no Pinpu ano eca palowad to ngangan a onto. Tangasa 2022 miheca 10 folad 28 romi’ad, ono Conghuaminko kimpo a hoyin saki Silaya finacadan to kacingangan no yincumin a demak i, mihapiw to itiyaay ho “Rikec no kacingangan no yincumin” o caayay ka tatodong i kimpo, patodongen to tolo miheca ko pisalofan, mihayda to no Kaosancu a pisingsi malayincuminco o nano Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no Taywan, midotoc a pakayni sakacingangan nai tatapangan no rikec ko Pinpu finacadan[9].  

=== Likisi (歷史)   ===
O Pinpu a finacadan nai ’ayaw 17 sician katayni no Payrang i Taywan i, malesap nai ka’amis Yilan, Kilong tangasa katimol mililisay to saetip a riyar a dafdaf a sera, itira ira ko kasasiromaan no ponka, sowal, niyaro’ ko pihamon a saniyaro’an no sa’opo.

Pinpu a fuinacadan ka’amis nai Suaw ato Tayal a kasasilaed, katimol nai Fanliaw ato Paiwanfinacadan malalaed, ikor maepec no Payrang o roma i malinah tayra roma a pala, matiya o Hengcun, Puli, Kalingko Posong.

=== Pakayraan no sowal (詞源) ===
“Pinpu” a sowal a padotocan, manga’ay so’edacen nai Cingcao Yongceng pikowan Huangsujin “Taihai sicalu” (ikor no 1742 miheca), onini a tilid masowal ko “kasa Pinpu a saniyaro’” a sowal, ikor nai ci Chen Lunjiong a “Haikuo wencienlu” (1731 miheca) ira masadak ko “Pinpu yincumin” a sowal[3]:13.

Nawhani o ponka no yincumin macacofelay i no Payrang a finacadan, orasaka i ’ayaway no Payrang a rayray no likisi no Taywan masowal ko “Fan” [3]. Nai “Fan” a tilidan, pahecian a sowal a minengneng, “Fan” oya “macengelay” ato “omah” patatekoan, o maomahay a tamdaw sanay ko pitoro’, matiniay ko sa’orip. Nika, itini i romaay finacadan konengneng, “Fan” iraay ko mipelesay, miepecay a sowal[11].

I’ayaw yincumin no Taywan dengan o “niyaro’” ko iraay awaay ko “finacadan” sanay a latrkan[3]:12, orasaka o niyaro’ sato ko pitahidang. Tinako: Tacia kawaliay niyaro’ (tongsya) ato Tacia kaetipay niyaro’ “sisya” maro’ay, sacisowal sato o Tasya a tamdaw. O Pinpu finacadan ano eca Pinpu maecakay finacadan sanay a sowal i matiliday, o sapisiiked toya mangta’ay finacadan ato malafelay finacadan ato lotokay finacadan sanay ko pasasiromaan.

Talacawa nai 18 sician matilid no Mancin o Maecakay a Pinpu sanay ko pitahidang, mika itira i 19 sician mangalef ko nikasowal[4]. Rahodayen ko sowal, i 18 sician matilid o “Pinpu fan”, “Pinpu maecakay fan”, o patoro’ to itiraay i dafdafay no Pintong, dafdafay no Yilan, dafdafay no Posong ato dafdafay no Hengcun a yincumin finacadan. So’elinen ko sowal, o nisowalan no mita anini oya “Pinpu finacadan” tosaay ko pisimed to sasowalen: “Pinpu” ato “Maecakay finacadan”. O cecay a sowal “Pinpu” malifong i kasaniyaro’, oya “maecakay a finacadan” o sowal no mikowanay; nika soelinay, naikoran no Mancin, “Pinpu”, “Maecakay finacadan” itiraay i kasasiroma no finacadan, o mirarakatay a sdowal koni a pitahidang. O pisetek malecaday o pisiiked to sasiroma no sa’etal, tinako itiraay i Hencun, “Maecakay finacadan” snay a pisetek to micamolay to Payrang ato Yincumin, saka “Maecakay finacadan” a niyaro’ han ko pitahidang.  

=== Kasasiiked (分類) ===
Talacowa naira ko tamdawan, kasasiromaroma no tamdaw itiya to masasikihar ko ira ko “sasiiked no rocok”. Nika, kaira no tamdaw ira ko “finacadan” ato “finawlan” ko pisiiked to tamdaw o ikoray to ko nian, mangalef piteka no i’ayaw no 100 miheca picalap no micingcingay ato misatekeday ko pikowanan ho itiya. O Taywan saheto o “masiikeday ko finacadan” saka matiniay ko kamatira no to’ekan mapalowan.  

Ka Dipongan no Taywan o mitakedan a micowat ko pikowan to Taywan itiya, o patodong no pikowan, o pisapinangaw misolap ato sapinang to finacadan ato sera no Taywan, saan micowat misaiked to fanacadan no Taywan ko tayal (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b); tinako oya tayniay nai congko a Minan sa’etal a Ngayngay tamdaw palaPayrangen, ’ayaway nano Ngayngay palaNgayngayen ko pakika.

Miteka, hakasi no Dipong paretatenga oya maro’ay i dafdaf a Pinpu finacadan a yincumin malaPayrang to, dengan to oya “Pinpu finacadan” ano eca “Pinpufan” a nisowalan o pihaop aca, oya nisiikedan a finacadan palao “Takayamacu” patodong. Ikor, o hakasi no Dipong to mamalasawad a ponka no Pinpu finacadan ira to ko masatalolongay a nikafana’an saka, nanoya oya nisowalan a “Pinpu finacadan”, so’elinen halo adihayay kasasiroma no sowal, kasasiroma a ponka no finacadan.

Nikawrira, ’ayaw no 90 no mihecaan, o hakasi sakiPinpu finacadan masasiroma ko pisiiked, ira ko 7 finacadan 14 sangasaw, ira ko 8 finacadan, 9 finacadan, 10 finacadan, 12 finacadan sanay (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b).

Midotoc to aniniay mikingkiway pahecian, saki “Pinpu finacadan”, “Takayamacu” a kasasiiked, caay ko tataparan sanay masasiiked ko finawlan, o nano nai 17 sician ko nisanga’an a likisi, nawhani kasafinacadan a ’orip a sofal ato Palapayrangan a ko saka milafotay to calay. Roma a sowal, o nian “Pinpu finacadan” a kasasiroma no ponka, latek ikaka to cecay no “Pinpucu” ato cecay no “Takasakoco” a kasasiroma, o cecay no “Pinpu finacadan” ato cecay no “Takasako finacadan” latek oya cecayay a finacadan. Tinako sasowalen, nai sowal ato ponka ko pinengneng, samangataay to no ’Amis finacadan a Slaya, Taman ato Makataw finacadan no Taywan a Pinpu finacadan; o sowal ato Saysiyak finacadan mangata to Loylon finacadan no yincuminco.

=== Pakayraan no finacadan (族源) ===
Midoedo to no aniniay nipikingkiw misaheci, pakayraan no Pinpuco a ponka saheto o nai Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no Taywan. Onini a finacadan malesap itini i Taypinyang ato Intoyang, samaraayay manga’ay rapoten koya maraayay to Taywan a Easter Island ato Madagascar.

Dotocen ko kaitiraan, o itiraay i paka’amisay a finacadan no Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan i Taywan ko Pinpu a finacadan. So’elinen o I’ayaway no fa’elohay fokelohan a to’ek ko kaira ano eca talahakel i Taywan ko Pinpu finacadan, o nano mikiriyaray a finacadan. O piwacay no Yincuminco wiyinhuy to yincuminco no Taywan ato Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no hekal a kasakihar i pahapinang to o “nao Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan ko finacadan no Taywan, sakitamdawan ono Malay a tamdawan saka, o paka’amisay no Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan ko Taywan” saan[12].

==== No kaDipongan to’ek a pisilsil (日治時期的分類) ====
Saki Pinpu finacadan a pisilisil, awaay ko masongila’ay a kadadoedo no pisilsil i pikowan no Dipong to Taywan. Itira sa i Netherland a mikowan dengan sa o no kasaniyaro’ a ngangan, oraan sa ko pidoedoan kasasilsil no sa’etal, masa’isal ko pinapina sa’etal no finacadan. Ono i Mancin ni Huang Shujing to “Fansu liukao” a tilid i, malecad to pakayni kasasilsil a palaan misiiked a 13 niyaro’ ko yincumin funacadan.

Tangasa no Dipongan a to’ak, ona Ino Yoshinori, awaya den'nojo a “Taiwan yicumin mondai” (1900) a tilidan itiya to madadoedo ko pisilsil misiiked, ikor to ni Ino Yoshinori a “Taiwan yincumin seici” (1900) a tilidan, itiya masalof ko kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan, kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan ira: Ketagalan, Kavalan, Taokas, Pazih, Papora, Babuza, Arikun, Lloa, Siraya, Makattao 10 finacadan.

Oni Ino Yoshinori a nisiikedan kadadoedo o kacipinangan to pidoedoan, ona Igawa Kazo, Ogawa Tadayoshi, Mabuchi Toichi o pasadakay to kasasiiked siroma no pisilsil (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b). o kalaliyangan ira ko pinapina:

Pakayni to na 2 finacadan Arikun ato Lloa o papalacecayen ko finacadan: o roma a hakasi pasilacecay han koni 2 finacadan, o Hoanya a finacadan han saan. Nika midotoc to no hakasi ca Yung Kayin and Chung Yulan a pisapinang i, paretatenga to Hoanya alatek o nano Folaohua (Fan) a moraraway ko pipasetek. Ono finacadan to inika sasiroma no pihamon, pako niyah sa ko paratatenga.

’Eca ko malecaday to no Ketagalan a finacadan, ano eca padoedoen ho ko pisiiked. Pakayni to sowalan hakasi ca Tsuchida Shigeru aci Lee Inkee paretatenga a nisowalan, oya Ketagalan finacadan salongan malitoloay kasasiroma no sowal saan: Basay, Leilang ato Kulon. Oya Siraiya, Taivoan ato Makattao o masasiromaay ano eca o cecay a finacadan. Tangasa anini o ’alomanay a hakasi a midoedoan tono mikarkaray to notamdawan, sowalan ato lodisan masapinang, patongal no finacadan pihamon to niyah, paretatenga o na toloay ngasaw o masasiromaay caayay kalecad a yincuminco[13][14][15][16][17][18].   

Oni Ikawako no Zang itiniay ni Ino Kasunori saceker mapacomod ko Thao finacadan, o nano Pinpu finacadan ano eca o kaosanco finacadan.

==== Ikoray no kalalood a pisiiked (戰後的分類) ====
Pinapina mihecaan, no hakasi sakiPinpu finacadan a pisiiked, ira to ko fa’elohay a nengneng. No Dipong a hakasi ci Tsuchida Shigeru i 1985 mihecaan misiikedan (nengneng Tsuchida 1985), masiiked ko Pinpu finacadan to 12 finacadan: oya Kavalan, Basay, Ketagalan, Kulon, Taokas, Pazih, Papora, Babuza, Hoanya, Siraya, Makattao, Taivoan a finacadan.

Oni Li Yiyuan misiikedan to Pinpu finacadan masiiked 10 finacadan, oya Kavalan, Kentagalan, Luilang, Taokas, Papora, Babiza, Hoanya, Pazeh, Suisalien(Thau), Siraya finacadan[19]:14.  

Taywan sowalan hakasi ci Li Rengui ira ko masasiromaay a nengneng, nai 1996 miheca “Taywan Pinpu finacadan kasasiiked ato kasasikihar masiiked” a tilid, pasadak to 7 finacadan 14 ko sangasaw a nengneng: Thau, Kavalan, Ketagalan [5], Baburan [6], Pazih, Hoanya, Siraya. Ikor pakayni i sowal fa’elohay kasapinang, I 2006 miheca ato 2010 miheca mihapiw to nitilidan, oya Taivoan ato Makattao nai kaetipay Siraya amasadak[13][14].   

=== Kasamihecaan kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan. (歷年平埔族群分類)[20][21][22][23] ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
| colspan=&quot;19&quot; |'''歷年平埔族群分類'''
|-
|'''年代'''
|'''研究者'''
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; |'''族名'''
|-
|1904
|伊能嘉矩
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Vupuran
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Poavosa
|Arikun
|Lloa
|Pazzehe
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|Makattao
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1930
|移川子之藏
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Vupuran
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazeh
|Sao
|Tao
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1935
|小川尚義
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Vupuran
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazzehe
|Sao
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1944
|小川尚義
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|Luilang
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Papora
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazeh
|Sao
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1951
|張耀錡
|卡瓦蘭

（Kavalan）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |凱達格蘭

（Ketagalan）
|道卡斯

（Taokas）
|拍瀑拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴布薩

（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
|拍宰海

（Pazeh）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |西拉雅

（Siraya）
|四社熟番

（Taivoan）
|-
|1955
|李亦園
|噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|雷朗

（Luilang）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |凱達格蘭

（Ketagalan）
|道卡斯

（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |貓霧拺

（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |和安雅

（Hoanya）
|巴則海

（Pazeh）
|水沙連
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1970
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |台灣省通志
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |卡瓦蘭

（Kavalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |凱達格蘭

（Ketagalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |道卡斯

（Taokas）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |拍瀑拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴布薩

（Babuza／Poavasa）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅（Hoanya）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴則海

（Pazeh／Pazex）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
|Arikun
|Lloa
|馬卡道
|西拉雅
|四社熟番
|-
|1985-1991
|土田滋
|Kavalan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ketagalan
|Basay
|Kulon
|Taokas
|Papora
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazzahe
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|Makatao
|Siraya
|Taivoan
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1991
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |李壬癸
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |凱達格蘭（Ketagalan）
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |巴布薩（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴則海

（Pazeh）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |邵

（Thao）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
|雷朗（Luilang）
|哆囉美遠

（Trobian）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴賽（Basay）
|道卡斯（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
|貓霧拺（Babuza）
|費佛朗

（Favorlang）
|Makatao
|Siraya
|Taivoan
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1996
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |李壬癸
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |猴猴

（Qauqaut）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |凱達格蘭（Ketagalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |龜崙

（Kulon）
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |巴布蘭（Baburan）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴則海

（Pazeh）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |邵

（Thao）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
|雷朗（Luilang）
|哆囉美遠

（Trobian）
|馬賽（Basay）
|道卡斯（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
|貓霧拺（Babuza）
|費佛朗

（Favorlang）
|馬卡道（Makatao）
|西拉雅（Siraya）
|四社熟番（Taivoan）
|-
|2006-2010
|李壬癸
|噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |巴賽（凱達格蘭）

（Basay (Ketagalan)）
|龜崙

（Kulon）
|道卡斯

（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |貓霧拺（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
|巴宰

（Pazih）
|邵

（Thao）
|馬卡道（Makatao）
|西拉雅（Siraya）
|大武壠（Taivoan）
|}

=== Padetengan no finacadan (主要族群) ===
Ka’amis Taywan Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan

Tayal finacadan

Tayal Mie ngasaw

Kaetip ka’amis sowal finacadan

Saysyak finacadan (’ayaway pisiiked)

Kulon finacadan

Pazih finacadan

Pazih finacadan (palowad to sowal) [24][25]

Kahawu finacadan (palowad to sowal) [26][27][28]

Kaetip dafdafay sowal finacadan

Thao finacadan (’ayaway pisiiked)

Taokas finacadan (palowad to sowal) [29]

Papora finacadan

Babuza finacadan

Favorlang finacadan

Hoanya finacadan

Arikun finacadan

Lloa finacadan

Katimol Taywan Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan

Paiwan sowal finacadan

Paiwan Scaro ngasaw

Bunun sowal finacadan

Bunun finacadan Po ngasaw 

Kawali Taywan Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan 

Ka’amisay sowal finacadan

Kavalan finacadan (ira ho ko sowal) 

Houhou finacadan

Ketagalan finacadan

Luilang finacadan

Pazih finacadan (palowad to sowal)[30]

Trobian finacadan

Linao finacadan 

Kaetip katimolay sowal finacadan

Siraya finacadan (palowad to sowal)

Makatao finacadan

Tajialiyang tamdaw

Fangsuo tamdaw

Langqiao tamdaw

Xiaoliuqiu tamdaw

Taivoan finacadan (palowad to sowal) [7]

=== Ponka (文化) ===
Pa’atayan ngangan (姓氏)

Tadamaan ko pa’atayan ngangan no Pinpu finacadan, nawhani masaPayrangay to, saka palasawad hananay to ko tadapa’atayan ngangan ato pipangangan a rocok no Pinpu finacadan, mialaay to tono Payrangan a pa’atayan, midotoc to mikadadoedoedo no finacadan ato sangasaw a pihamon, adihay to ko nipicamol to no Payrang tamdaw, Ngangay tamdaw, roma naikoran to no kalalood mafolaway a Payrang ira aca ko kasasiroma no pa’atayan ngangan, onini pa’atayan ngangan ato pafelian a mikadadoedoedo no finacadan, malo no Pinpu finacadan no niyah pihamonan ko tadamaanay pidotocan[31].

Pafalian a pa’atayan ngangan: Pan

Roma pa’atayan ngangan: Chen, Liu, Huang, Dai, Lai.

Tadamaan pa’atayan ngangan: Bing, Yue, Bang, Yi, Ji, Yi, Li, Mao, Mao, Tong, Nian, Dong, Yan, Ai, He, Cheng, Mai, Hou, Biao, Hong, Shuang, Jiao, Feng, Shi, Zhang, Zhui, Chu, Nai, Wei, Du, Zhen, Yu, Jie, Zhao, Yong, Hu, Zhen, Xie, Mai, Zhang, Xi, Yong, Yi, Jie, Bei, Liu, Shui, Li, Gang, Kun, Zhuo, Ya, Tuo, Mi, Wu, Xin, Kang, Zhang, Chang, Shuang, Gan, Zhuang.

=== Lisin (祭祀) ===
Itini i ka’oripan to romi’ami’adan ko kaira no lisin no Pinpu finacadan, ano sowalen, patodongan no lisin oya serayan a kinaira ko nito’ongan, o pakayraan no pidemak o nikaira no to’asan a pingodo. Siikeden, malitoloay ko pita’ong no Pinpu finacadan to tato’asan:

Comikayay to’asan lisin, mararid ko itiraay tenokan no Taywan a Pazeh finacadan, Papora finacadan,Taokas finacadan, pangangan no lisin itiyaay a lisin a kacomikayan ko todong, mahaenay a lisin roma matiyaay no kaemangay licekah kakomodan sakaira.

Katimolay Siraya finacadan, Makatao finacadan a to’asan lisin oya koreng ko todong tireng no to’asan a mita’ong, matiniay a pita’ong a lekakawa ato ’okak no to’asan pita’ong. Nika ngataay a Taivoan finacadan caay pita’ong to koreng, caay paso’elin t okaitira no to’asan i koreng, o paso’elinan tato’asan itiraay i kapolongan pita’omngan ko pipasayraan mipacakat to kawas.

Ka’amisan no Taywan a Pinpu finacadan Ketagalan finacadan, Kavalan finacadan ano eca Luilang finacadan, pita’ong to to’asan awaay ko todong kaitiraan a mita’ong.</text>
      <sha1>9wzipynvbg4e8wo42yfl3yrnyoa2abv</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>46909</id>
      <parentid>46908</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-07-07T01:13:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Masaonikar</username>
        <id>570</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Lisin (祭祀) */</comment>
      <origin>46909</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="19123" sha1="kadf6bpst4xnq5mv48gulpm1hea84d2" xml:space="preserve">== Pinpu finacadan (平埔族群) ==
Pinpu finacadan, to hatiniay Pinpoco han ko pitahidang, o pisiiked to sapikown to yincumin no Taywan a tahidang koni[2]. O roma a tahidang o Kaosancu; ikor midoedo to mikingkiway, ponkaan, itiya a mafana’ to o ’alomanay a finacadan caay ko cecayay a finacadan sato, anini falican ko pitahidang o Pinpocu fuinacadan hanto. Oya ’alomanay Pinpuco finacadan tangsa anini caay ho haydaen no Conghuaminko sifo o yincuminco caira, dengan oya pakapian i ’Amis finacadan a Kavalan finacadan.

Pinpu finacadan i’ayaw no pikowan no netherland, spain itiya o “Aporicini-アボリジニ” han ko pitahidang; pikowan to no Mancin i, saheto o mapalatamdaway, maecakay finacadan[1], ato Nama no fan, wairudona fan sanay ko pasasi’ayaw[3]:12. Orasaka o Cori sareta, Aporicini-アボリジニ itiraay i “Dafdafay pala” (Pingti caopu), samasa o sowal pangangan o Pingpuah, Pucirin, Pingpufan (Payrang: Pi-poo-hoan; Inkiris Pepohoan[4][5][6]), onini “Pinpu” a sowal todong “Dafdaf” ano eca “enaray” sanay ko todong no sowal[7].

Tangasa to pikowan no Dipong a to’ek “Taywan Fancin demak” a tilidan o yincumin malitosa Kaosancu, Pinpuco[3]:13, kasaniyaro’ a Pinpuco finacadan ona palowaday to pifalic pala “Tongninco” sanay a syakay onto[5][8]. Tangasa no Conghuaminko to’ek a mikowan miteka o rayray no Pinpuco malasawaday to ko finacadan harateng, caay to pala o yincuminco cangra; ikor makerih to ko mikingkiway t ofinacadan no Taywan, onini likisi no Pinpuco miteka a masafaloco’ no syakay, nika o Pinpuco a finacadan ona oya “Pinpuco” koni finacadan, saan to ikor miliyaw a misilsil to kasasiiked masiroma[2][3]:18.

O Saisiyat ato Thao finadan ona nipacomodan i Pinpu a finacadan, nengnengen “Pinpuco”, “mapalatamdaway”, “maecakay finacadan” ato “manta’ finacadan” sanay ko pisiiked, onini o sakanga’ay no papotalay mikowan, caayay pidotoc to no yincuminco i nihamonan no niyah konini pisiiked, saka aniniay a pipangangan no Pinpu ano eca palowad to ngangan a onto. Tangasa 2022 miheca 10 folad 28 romi’ad, ono Conghuaminko kimpo a hoyin saki Silaya finacadan to kacingangan no yincumin a demak i, mihapiw to itiyaay ho “Rikec no kacingangan no yincumin” o caayay ka tatodong i kimpo, patodongen to tolo miheca ko pisalofan, mihayda to no Kaosancu a pisingsi malayincuminco o nano Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no Taywan, midotoc a pakayni sakacingangan nai tatapangan no rikec ko Pinpu finacadan[9].  

=== Likisi (歷史)   ===
O Pinpu a finacadan nai ’ayaw 17 sician katayni no Payrang i Taywan i, malesap nai ka’amis Yilan, Kilong tangasa katimol mililisay to saetip a riyar a dafdaf a sera, itira ira ko kasasiromaan no ponka, sowal, niyaro’ ko pihamon a saniyaro’an no sa’opo.

Pinpu a fuinacadan ka’amis nai Suaw ato Tayal a kasasilaed, katimol nai Fanliaw ato Paiwanfinacadan malalaed, ikor maepec no Payrang o roma i malinah tayra roma a pala, matiya o Hengcun, Puli, Kalingko Posong.

=== Pakayraan no sowal (詞源) ===
“Pinpu” a sowal a padotocan, manga’ay so’edacen nai Cingcao Yongceng pikowan Huangsujin “Taihai sicalu” (ikor no 1742 miheca), onini a tilid masowal ko “kasa Pinpu a saniyaro’” a sowal, ikor nai ci Chen Lunjiong a “Haikuo wencienlu” (1731 miheca) ira masadak ko “Pinpu yincumin” a sowal[3]:13.

Nawhani o ponka no yincumin macacofelay i no Payrang a finacadan, orasaka i ’ayaway no Payrang a rayray no likisi no Taywan masowal ko “Fan” [3]. Nai “Fan” a tilidan, pahecian a sowal a minengneng, “Fan” oya “macengelay” ato “omah” patatekoan, o maomahay a tamdaw sanay ko pitoro’, matiniay ko sa’orip. Nika, itini i romaay finacadan konengneng, “Fan” iraay ko mipelesay, miepecay a sowal[11].

I’ayaw yincumin no Taywan dengan o “niyaro’” ko iraay awaay ko “finacadan” sanay a latrkan[3]:12, orasaka o niyaro’ sato ko pitahidang. Tinako: Tacia kawaliay niyaro’ (tongsya) ato Tacia kaetipay niyaro’ “sisya” maro’ay, sacisowal sato o Tasya a tamdaw. O Pinpu finacadan ano eca Pinpu maecakay finacadan sanay a sowal i matiliday, o sapisiiked toya mangta’ay finacadan ato malafelay finacadan ato lotokay finacadan sanay ko pasasiromaan.

Talacawa nai 18 sician matilid no Mancin o Maecakay a Pinpu sanay ko pitahidang, mika itira i 19 sician mangalef ko nikasowal[4]. Rahodayen ko sowal, i 18 sician matilid o “Pinpu fan”, “Pinpu maecakay fan”, o patoro’ to itiraay i dafdafay no Pintong, dafdafay no Yilan, dafdafay no Posong ato dafdafay no Hengcun a yincumin finacadan. So’elinen ko sowal, o nisowalan no mita anini oya “Pinpu finacadan” tosaay ko pisimed to sasowalen: “Pinpu” ato “Maecakay finacadan”. O cecay a sowal “Pinpu” malifong i kasaniyaro’, oya “maecakay a finacadan” o sowal no mikowanay; nika soelinay, naikoran no Mancin, “Pinpu”, “Maecakay finacadan” itiraay i kasasiroma no finacadan, o mirarakatay a sdowal koni a pitahidang. O pisetek malecaday o pisiiked to sasiroma no sa’etal, tinako itiraay i Hencun, “Maecakay finacadan” snay a pisetek to micamolay to Payrang ato Yincumin, saka “Maecakay finacadan” a niyaro’ han ko pitahidang.  

=== Kasasiiked (分類) ===
Talacowa naira ko tamdawan, kasasiromaroma no tamdaw itiya to masasikihar ko ira ko “sasiiked no rocok”. Nika, kaira no tamdaw ira ko “finacadan” ato “finawlan” ko pisiiked to tamdaw o ikoray to ko nian, mangalef piteka no i’ayaw no 100 miheca picalap no micingcingay ato misatekeday ko pikowanan ho itiya. O Taywan saheto o “masiikeday ko finacadan” saka matiniay ko kamatira no to’ekan mapalowan.  

Ka Dipongan no Taywan o mitakedan a micowat ko pikowan to Taywan itiya, o patodong no pikowan, o pisapinangaw misolap ato sapinang to finacadan ato sera no Taywan, saan micowat misaiked to fanacadan no Taywan ko tayal (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b); tinako oya tayniay nai congko a Minan sa’etal a Ngayngay tamdaw palaPayrangen, ’ayaway nano Ngayngay palaNgayngayen ko pakika.

Miteka, hakasi no Dipong paretatenga oya maro’ay i dafdaf a Pinpu finacadan a yincumin malaPayrang to, dengan to oya “Pinpu finacadan” ano eca “Pinpufan” a nisowalan o pihaop aca, oya nisiikedan a finacadan palao “Takayamacu” patodong. Ikor, o hakasi no Dipong to mamalasawad a ponka no Pinpu finacadan ira to ko masatalolongay a nikafana’an saka, nanoya oya nisowalan a “Pinpu finacadan”, so’elinen halo adihayay kasasiroma no sowal, kasasiroma a ponka no finacadan.

Nikawrira, ’ayaw no 90 no mihecaan, o hakasi sakiPinpu finacadan masasiroma ko pisiiked, ira ko 7 finacadan 14 sangasaw, ira ko 8 finacadan, 9 finacadan, 10 finacadan, 12 finacadan sanay (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b).

Midotoc to aniniay mikingkiway pahecian, saki “Pinpu finacadan”, “Takayamacu” a kasasiiked, caay ko tataparan sanay masasiiked ko finawlan, o nano nai 17 sician ko nisanga’an a likisi, nawhani kasafinacadan a ’orip a sofal ato Palapayrangan a ko saka milafotay to calay. Roma a sowal, o nian “Pinpu finacadan” a kasasiroma no ponka, latek ikaka to cecay no “Pinpucu” ato cecay no “Takasakoco” a kasasiroma, o cecay no “Pinpu finacadan” ato cecay no “Takasako finacadan” latek oya cecayay a finacadan. Tinako sasowalen, nai sowal ato ponka ko pinengneng, samangataay to no ’Amis finacadan a Slaya, Taman ato Makataw finacadan no Taywan a Pinpu finacadan; o sowal ato Saysiyak finacadan mangata to Loylon finacadan no yincuminco.

=== Pakayraan no finacadan (族源) ===
Midoedo to no aniniay nipikingkiw misaheci, pakayraan no Pinpuco a ponka saheto o nai Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no Taywan. Onini a finacadan malesap itini i Taypinyang ato Intoyang, samaraayay manga’ay rapoten koya maraayay to Taywan a Easter Island ato Madagascar.

Dotocen ko kaitiraan, o itiraay i paka’amisay a finacadan no Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan i Taywan ko Pinpu a finacadan. So’elinen o I’ayaway no fa’elohay fokelohan a to’ek ko kaira ano eca talahakel i Taywan ko Pinpu finacadan, o nano mikiriyaray a finacadan. O piwacay no Yincuminco wiyinhuy to yincuminco no Taywan ato Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no hekal a kasakihar i pahapinang to o “nao Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan ko finacadan no Taywan, sakitamdawan ono Malay a tamdawan saka, o paka’amisay no Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan ko Taywan” saan[12].

==== No kaDipongan to’ek a pisilsil (日治時期的分類) ====
Saki Pinpu finacadan a pisilisil, awaay ko masongila’ay a kadadoedo no pisilsil i pikowan no Dipong to Taywan. Itira sa i Netherland a mikowan dengan sa o no kasaniyaro’ a ngangan, oraan sa ko pidoedoan kasasilsil no sa’etal, masa’isal ko pinapina sa’etal no finacadan. Ono i Mancin ni Huang Shujing to “Fansu liukao” a tilid i, malecad to pakayni kasasilsil a palaan misiiked a 13 niyaro’ ko yincumin funacadan.

Tangasa no Dipongan a to’ak, ona Ino Yoshinori, awaya den'nojo a “Taiwan yicumin mondai” (1900) a tilidan itiya to madadoedo ko pisilsil misiiked, ikor to ni Ino Yoshinori a “Taiwan yincumin seici” (1900) a tilidan, itiya masalof ko kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan, kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan ira: Ketagalan, Kavalan, Taokas, Pazih, Papora, Babuza, Arikun, Lloa, Siraya, Makattao 10 finacadan.

Oni Ino Yoshinori a nisiikedan kadadoedo o kacipinangan to pidoedoan, ona Igawa Kazo, Ogawa Tadayoshi, Mabuchi Toichi o pasadakay to kasasiiked siroma no pisilsil (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b). o kalaliyangan ira ko pinapina:

Pakayni to na 2 finacadan Arikun ato Lloa o papalacecayen ko finacadan: o roma a hakasi pasilacecay han koni 2 finacadan, o Hoanya a finacadan han saan. Nika midotoc to no hakasi ca Yung Kayin and Chung Yulan a pisapinang i, paretatenga to Hoanya alatek o nano Folaohua (Fan) a moraraway ko pipasetek. Ono finacadan to inika sasiroma no pihamon, pako niyah sa ko paratatenga.

’Eca ko malecaday to no Ketagalan a finacadan, ano eca padoedoen ho ko pisiiked. Pakayni to sowalan hakasi ca Tsuchida Shigeru aci Lee Inkee paretatenga a nisowalan, oya Ketagalan finacadan salongan malitoloay kasasiroma no sowal saan: Basay, Leilang ato Kulon. Oya Siraiya, Taivoan ato Makattao o masasiromaay ano eca o cecay a finacadan. Tangasa anini o ’alomanay a hakasi a midoedoan tono mikarkaray to notamdawan, sowalan ato lodisan masapinang, patongal no finacadan pihamon to niyah, paretatenga o na toloay ngasaw o masasiromaay caayay kalecad a yincuminco[13][14][15][16][17][18].   

Oni Ikawako no Zang itiniay ni Ino Kasunori saceker mapacomod ko Thao finacadan, o nano Pinpu finacadan ano eca o kaosanco finacadan.

==== Ikoray no kalalood a pisiiked (戰後的分類) ====
Pinapina mihecaan, no hakasi sakiPinpu finacadan a pisiiked, ira to ko fa’elohay a nengneng. No Dipong a hakasi ci Tsuchida Shigeru i 1985 mihecaan misiikedan (nengneng Tsuchida 1985), masiiked ko Pinpu finacadan to 12 finacadan: oya Kavalan, Basay, Ketagalan, Kulon, Taokas, Pazih, Papora, Babuza, Hoanya, Siraya, Makattao, Taivoan a finacadan.

Oni Li Yiyuan misiikedan to Pinpu finacadan masiiked 10 finacadan, oya Kavalan, Kentagalan, Luilang, Taokas, Papora, Babiza, Hoanya, Pazeh, Suisalien(Thau), Siraya finacadan[19]:14.  

Taywan sowalan hakasi ci Li Rengui ira ko masasiromaay a nengneng, nai 1996 miheca “Taywan Pinpu finacadan kasasiiked ato kasasikihar masiiked” a tilid, pasadak to 7 finacadan 14 ko sangasaw a nengneng: Thau, Kavalan, Ketagalan [5], Baburan [6], Pazih, Hoanya, Siraya. Ikor pakayni i sowal fa’elohay kasapinang, I 2006 miheca ato 2010 miheca mihapiw to nitilidan, oya Taivoan ato Makattao nai kaetipay Siraya amasadak[13][14].   

=== Kasamihecaan kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan. (歷年平埔族群分類)[20][21][22][23] ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
| colspan=&quot;19&quot; |'''歷年平埔族群分類'''
|-
|'''年代'''
|'''研究者'''
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; |'''族名'''
|-
|1904
|伊能嘉矩
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Vupuran
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Poavosa
|Arikun
|Lloa
|Pazzehe
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|Makattao
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1930
|移川子之藏
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Vupuran
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazeh
|Sao
|Tao
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1935
|小川尚義
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Vupuran
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazzehe
|Sao
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1944
|小川尚義
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|Luilang
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Papora
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazeh
|Sao
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1951
|張耀錡
|卡瓦蘭

（Kavalan）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |凱達格蘭

（Ketagalan）
|道卡斯

（Taokas）
|拍瀑拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴布薩

（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
|拍宰海

（Pazeh）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |西拉雅

（Siraya）
|四社熟番

（Taivoan）
|-
|1955
|李亦園
|噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|雷朗

（Luilang）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |凱達格蘭

（Ketagalan）
|道卡斯

（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |貓霧拺

（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |和安雅

（Hoanya）
|巴則海

（Pazeh）
|水沙連
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1970
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |台灣省通志
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |卡瓦蘭

（Kavalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |凱達格蘭

（Ketagalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |道卡斯

（Taokas）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |拍瀑拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴布薩

（Babuza／Poavasa）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅（Hoanya）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴則海

（Pazeh／Pazex）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
|Arikun
|Lloa
|馬卡道
|西拉雅
|四社熟番
|-
|1985-1991
|土田滋
|Kavalan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ketagalan
|Basay
|Kulon
|Taokas
|Papora
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazzahe
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|Makatao
|Siraya
|Taivoan
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1991
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |李壬癸
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |凱達格蘭（Ketagalan）
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |巴布薩（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴則海

（Pazeh）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |邵

（Thao）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
|雷朗（Luilang）
|哆囉美遠

（Trobian）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴賽（Basay）
|道卡斯（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
|貓霧拺（Babuza）
|費佛朗

（Favorlang）
|Makatao
|Siraya
|Taivoan
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1996
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |李壬癸
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |猴猴

（Qauqaut）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |凱達格蘭（Ketagalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |龜崙

（Kulon）
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |巴布蘭（Baburan）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴則海

（Pazeh）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |邵

（Thao）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
|雷朗（Luilang）
|哆囉美遠

（Trobian）
|馬賽（Basay）
|道卡斯（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
|貓霧拺（Babuza）
|費佛朗

（Favorlang）
|馬卡道（Makatao）
|西拉雅（Siraya）
|四社熟番（Taivoan）
|-
|2006-2010
|李壬癸
|噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |巴賽（凱達格蘭）

（Basay (Ketagalan)）
|龜崙

（Kulon）
|道卡斯

（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |貓霧拺（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
|巴宰

（Pazih）
|邵

（Thao）
|馬卡道（Makatao）
|西拉雅（Siraya）
|大武壠（Taivoan）
|}

=== Padetengan no finacadan (主要族群) ===
Ka’amis Taywan Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan

Tayal finacadan

Tayal Mie ngasaw

Kaetip ka’amis sowal finacadan

Saysyak finacadan (’ayaway pisiiked)

Kulon finacadan

Pazih finacadan

Pazih finacadan (palowad to sowal) [24][25]

Kahawu finacadan (palowad to sowal) [26][27][28]

Kaetip dafdafay sowal finacadan

Thao finacadan (’ayaway pisiiked)

Taokas finacadan (palowad to sowal) [29]

Papora finacadan

Babuza finacadan

Favorlang finacadan

Hoanya finacadan

Arikun finacadan

Lloa finacadan

Katimol Taywan Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan

Paiwan sowal finacadan

Paiwan Scaro ngasaw

Bunun sowal finacadan

Bunun finacadan Po ngasaw 

Kawali Taywan Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan 

Ka’amisay sowal finacadan

Kavalan finacadan (ira ho ko sowal) 

Houhou finacadan

Ketagalan finacadan

Luilang finacadan

Pazih finacadan (palowad to sowal)[30]

Trobian finacadan

Linao finacadan 

Kaetip katimolay sowal finacadan

Siraya finacadan (palowad to sowal)

Makatao finacadan

Tajialiyang tamdaw

Fangsuo tamdaw

Langqiao tamdaw

Xiaoliuqiu tamdaw

Taivoan finacadan (palowad to sowal) [7]

=== Ponka (文化) ===
Pa’atayan ngangan (姓氏)

Tadamaan ko pa’atayan ngangan no Pinpu finacadan, nawhani masaPayrangay to, saka palasawad hananay to ko tadapa’atayan ngangan ato pipangangan a rocok no Pinpu finacadan, mialaay to tono Payrangan a pa’atayan, midotoc to mikadadoedoedo no finacadan ato sangasaw a pihamon, adihay to ko nipicamol to no Payrang tamdaw, Ngangay tamdaw, roma naikoran to no kalalood mafolaway a Payrang ira aca ko kasasiroma no pa’atayan ngangan, onini pa’atayan ngangan ato pafelian a mikadadoedoedo no finacadan, malo no Pinpu finacadan no niyah pihamonan ko tadamaanay pidotocan[31].

Pafalian a pa’atayan ngangan: Pan

Roma pa’atayan ngangan: Chen, Liu, Huang, Dai, Lai.

Tadamaan pa’atayan ngangan: Bing, Yue, Bang, Yi, Ji, Yi, Li, Mao, Mao, Tong, Nian, Dong, Yan, Ai, He, Cheng, Mai, Hou, Biao, Hong, Shuang, Jiao, Feng, Shi, Zhang, Zhui, Chu, Nai, Wei, Du, Zhen, Yu, Jie, Zhao, Yong, Hu, Zhen, Xie, Mai, Zhang, Xi, Yong, Yi, Jie, Bei, Liu, Shui, Li, Gang, Kun, Zhuo, Ya, Tuo, Mi, Wu, Xin, Kang, Zhang, Chang, Shuang, Gan, Zhuang.

=== Lisin (祭祀) ===
Itini i ka’oripan to romi’ami’adan ko kaira no lisin no Pinpu finacadan, ano sowalen, patodongan no lisin oya serayan a kinaira ko nito’ongan, o pakayraan no pidemak o nikaira no to’asan a pingodo. Siikeden, malitoloay ko pita’ong no Pinpu finacadan to tato’asan:

Comikayay to’asan lisin, mararid ko itiraay tenokan no Taywan a Pazeh finacadan, Papora finacadan,Taokas finacadan, pangangan no lisin itiyaay a lisin a kacomikayan ko todong, mahaenay a lisin roma matiyaay no kaemangay licekah kakomodan sakaira.

Katimolay Siraya finacadan, Makatao finacadan a to’asan lisin oya koreng ko todong tireng no to’asan a mita’ong, matiniay a pita’ong a lekakawa ato ’okak no to’asan pita’ong. Nika ngataay a Taivoan finacadan caay pita’ong to koreng, caay paso’elin t okaitira no to’asan i koreng, o paso’elinan tato’asan itiraay i kapolongan pita’omngan ko pipasayraan mipacakat to kawas.

Ka’amisan no Taywan a Pinpu finacadan Ketagalan finacadan, Kavalan finacadan ano eca Luilang finacadan, pita’ong to to’asan awaay ko todong kaitiraan a mita’ong.

=== Palowasd to serayan (文化復振) ===</text>
      <sha1>kadf6bpst4xnq5mv48gulpm1hea84d2</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>46910</id>
      <parentid>46909</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-07-07T01:13:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Masaonikar</username>
        <id>570</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Palowasd to serayan (文化復振) */</comment>
      <origin>46910</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="19705" sha1="iwvyoep29jkqtuhbq4wgy91wgk26e8u" xml:space="preserve">== Pinpu finacadan (平埔族群) ==
Pinpu finacadan, to hatiniay Pinpoco han ko pitahidang, o pisiiked to sapikown to yincumin no Taywan a tahidang koni[2]. O roma a tahidang o Kaosancu; ikor midoedo to mikingkiway, ponkaan, itiya a mafana’ to o ’alomanay a finacadan caay ko cecayay a finacadan sato, anini falican ko pitahidang o Pinpocu fuinacadan hanto. Oya ’alomanay Pinpuco finacadan tangsa anini caay ho haydaen no Conghuaminko sifo o yincuminco caira, dengan oya pakapian i ’Amis finacadan a Kavalan finacadan.

Pinpu finacadan i’ayaw no pikowan no netherland, spain itiya o “Aporicini-アボリジニ” han ko pitahidang; pikowan to no Mancin i, saheto o mapalatamdaway, maecakay finacadan[1], ato Nama no fan, wairudona fan sanay ko pasasi’ayaw[3]:12. Orasaka o Cori sareta, Aporicini-アボリジニ itiraay i “Dafdafay pala” (Pingti caopu), samasa o sowal pangangan o Pingpuah, Pucirin, Pingpufan (Payrang: Pi-poo-hoan; Inkiris Pepohoan[4][5][6]), onini “Pinpu” a sowal todong “Dafdaf” ano eca “enaray” sanay ko todong no sowal[7].

Tangasa to pikowan no Dipong a to’ek “Taywan Fancin demak” a tilidan o yincumin malitosa Kaosancu, Pinpuco[3]:13, kasaniyaro’ a Pinpuco finacadan ona palowaday to pifalic pala “Tongninco” sanay a syakay onto[5][8]. Tangasa no Conghuaminko to’ek a mikowan miteka o rayray no Pinpuco malasawaday to ko finacadan harateng, caay to pala o yincuminco cangra; ikor makerih to ko mikingkiway t ofinacadan no Taywan, onini likisi no Pinpuco miteka a masafaloco’ no syakay, nika o Pinpuco a finacadan ona oya “Pinpuco” koni finacadan, saan to ikor miliyaw a misilsil to kasasiiked masiroma[2][3]:18.

O Saisiyat ato Thao finadan ona nipacomodan i Pinpu a finacadan, nengnengen “Pinpuco”, “mapalatamdaway”, “maecakay finacadan” ato “manta’ finacadan” sanay ko pisiiked, onini o sakanga’ay no papotalay mikowan, caayay pidotoc to no yincuminco i nihamonan no niyah konini pisiiked, saka aniniay a pipangangan no Pinpu ano eca palowad to ngangan a onto. Tangasa 2022 miheca 10 folad 28 romi’ad, ono Conghuaminko kimpo a hoyin saki Silaya finacadan to kacingangan no yincumin a demak i, mihapiw to itiyaay ho “Rikec no kacingangan no yincumin” o caayay ka tatodong i kimpo, patodongen to tolo miheca ko pisalofan, mihayda to no Kaosancu a pisingsi malayincuminco o nano Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no Taywan, midotoc a pakayni sakacingangan nai tatapangan no rikec ko Pinpu finacadan[9].  

=== Likisi (歷史)   ===
O Pinpu a finacadan nai ’ayaw 17 sician katayni no Payrang i Taywan i, malesap nai ka’amis Yilan, Kilong tangasa katimol mililisay to saetip a riyar a dafdaf a sera, itira ira ko kasasiromaan no ponka, sowal, niyaro’ ko pihamon a saniyaro’an no sa’opo.

Pinpu a fuinacadan ka’amis nai Suaw ato Tayal a kasasilaed, katimol nai Fanliaw ato Paiwanfinacadan malalaed, ikor maepec no Payrang o roma i malinah tayra roma a pala, matiya o Hengcun, Puli, Kalingko Posong.

=== Pakayraan no sowal (詞源) ===
“Pinpu” a sowal a padotocan, manga’ay so’edacen nai Cingcao Yongceng pikowan Huangsujin “Taihai sicalu” (ikor no 1742 miheca), onini a tilid masowal ko “kasa Pinpu a saniyaro’” a sowal, ikor nai ci Chen Lunjiong a “Haikuo wencienlu” (1731 miheca) ira masadak ko “Pinpu yincumin” a sowal[3]:13.

Nawhani o ponka no yincumin macacofelay i no Payrang a finacadan, orasaka i ’ayaway no Payrang a rayray no likisi no Taywan masowal ko “Fan” [3]. Nai “Fan” a tilidan, pahecian a sowal a minengneng, “Fan” oya “macengelay” ato “omah” patatekoan, o maomahay a tamdaw sanay ko pitoro’, matiniay ko sa’orip. Nika, itini i romaay finacadan konengneng, “Fan” iraay ko mipelesay, miepecay a sowal[11].

I’ayaw yincumin no Taywan dengan o “niyaro’” ko iraay awaay ko “finacadan” sanay a latrkan[3]:12, orasaka o niyaro’ sato ko pitahidang. Tinako: Tacia kawaliay niyaro’ (tongsya) ato Tacia kaetipay niyaro’ “sisya” maro’ay, sacisowal sato o Tasya a tamdaw. O Pinpu finacadan ano eca Pinpu maecakay finacadan sanay a sowal i matiliday, o sapisiiked toya mangta’ay finacadan ato malafelay finacadan ato lotokay finacadan sanay ko pasasiromaan.

Talacawa nai 18 sician matilid no Mancin o Maecakay a Pinpu sanay ko pitahidang, mika itira i 19 sician mangalef ko nikasowal[4]. Rahodayen ko sowal, i 18 sician matilid o “Pinpu fan”, “Pinpu maecakay fan”, o patoro’ to itiraay i dafdafay no Pintong, dafdafay no Yilan, dafdafay no Posong ato dafdafay no Hengcun a yincumin finacadan. So’elinen ko sowal, o nisowalan no mita anini oya “Pinpu finacadan” tosaay ko pisimed to sasowalen: “Pinpu” ato “Maecakay finacadan”. O cecay a sowal “Pinpu” malifong i kasaniyaro’, oya “maecakay a finacadan” o sowal no mikowanay; nika soelinay, naikoran no Mancin, “Pinpu”, “Maecakay finacadan” itiraay i kasasiroma no finacadan, o mirarakatay a sdowal koni a pitahidang. O pisetek malecaday o pisiiked to sasiroma no sa’etal, tinako itiraay i Hencun, “Maecakay finacadan” snay a pisetek to micamolay to Payrang ato Yincumin, saka “Maecakay finacadan” a niyaro’ han ko pitahidang.  

=== Kasasiiked (分類) ===
Talacowa naira ko tamdawan, kasasiromaroma no tamdaw itiya to masasikihar ko ira ko “sasiiked no rocok”. Nika, kaira no tamdaw ira ko “finacadan” ato “finawlan” ko pisiiked to tamdaw o ikoray to ko nian, mangalef piteka no i’ayaw no 100 miheca picalap no micingcingay ato misatekeday ko pikowanan ho itiya. O Taywan saheto o “masiikeday ko finacadan” saka matiniay ko kamatira no to’ekan mapalowan.  

Ka Dipongan no Taywan o mitakedan a micowat ko pikowan to Taywan itiya, o patodong no pikowan, o pisapinangaw misolap ato sapinang to finacadan ato sera no Taywan, saan micowat misaiked to fanacadan no Taywan ko tayal (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b); tinako oya tayniay nai congko a Minan sa’etal a Ngayngay tamdaw palaPayrangen, ’ayaway nano Ngayngay palaNgayngayen ko pakika.

Miteka, hakasi no Dipong paretatenga oya maro’ay i dafdaf a Pinpu finacadan a yincumin malaPayrang to, dengan to oya “Pinpu finacadan” ano eca “Pinpufan” a nisowalan o pihaop aca, oya nisiikedan a finacadan palao “Takayamacu” patodong. Ikor, o hakasi no Dipong to mamalasawad a ponka no Pinpu finacadan ira to ko masatalolongay a nikafana’an saka, nanoya oya nisowalan a “Pinpu finacadan”, so’elinen halo adihayay kasasiroma no sowal, kasasiroma a ponka no finacadan.

Nikawrira, ’ayaw no 90 no mihecaan, o hakasi sakiPinpu finacadan masasiroma ko pisiiked, ira ko 7 finacadan 14 sangasaw, ira ko 8 finacadan, 9 finacadan, 10 finacadan, 12 finacadan sanay (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b).

Midotoc to aniniay mikingkiway pahecian, saki “Pinpu finacadan”, “Takayamacu” a kasasiiked, caay ko tataparan sanay masasiiked ko finawlan, o nano nai 17 sician ko nisanga’an a likisi, nawhani kasafinacadan a ’orip a sofal ato Palapayrangan a ko saka milafotay to calay. Roma a sowal, o nian “Pinpu finacadan” a kasasiroma no ponka, latek ikaka to cecay no “Pinpucu” ato cecay no “Takasakoco” a kasasiroma, o cecay no “Pinpu finacadan” ato cecay no “Takasako finacadan” latek oya cecayay a finacadan. Tinako sasowalen, nai sowal ato ponka ko pinengneng, samangataay to no ’Amis finacadan a Slaya, Taman ato Makataw finacadan no Taywan a Pinpu finacadan; o sowal ato Saysiyak finacadan mangata to Loylon finacadan no yincuminco.

=== Pakayraan no finacadan (族源) ===
Midoedo to no aniniay nipikingkiw misaheci, pakayraan no Pinpuco a ponka saheto o nai Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no Taywan. Onini a finacadan malesap itini i Taypinyang ato Intoyang, samaraayay manga’ay rapoten koya maraayay to Taywan a Easter Island ato Madagascar.

Dotocen ko kaitiraan, o itiraay i paka’amisay a finacadan no Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan i Taywan ko Pinpu a finacadan. So’elinen o I’ayaway no fa’elohay fokelohan a to’ek ko kaira ano eca talahakel i Taywan ko Pinpu finacadan, o nano mikiriyaray a finacadan. O piwacay no Yincuminco wiyinhuy to yincuminco no Taywan ato Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no hekal a kasakihar i pahapinang to o “nao Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan ko finacadan no Taywan, sakitamdawan ono Malay a tamdawan saka, o paka’amisay no Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan ko Taywan” saan[12].

==== No kaDipongan to’ek a pisilsil (日治時期的分類) ====
Saki Pinpu finacadan a pisilisil, awaay ko masongila’ay a kadadoedo no pisilsil i pikowan no Dipong to Taywan. Itira sa i Netherland a mikowan dengan sa o no kasaniyaro’ a ngangan, oraan sa ko pidoedoan kasasilsil no sa’etal, masa’isal ko pinapina sa’etal no finacadan. Ono i Mancin ni Huang Shujing to “Fansu liukao” a tilid i, malecad to pakayni kasasilsil a palaan misiiked a 13 niyaro’ ko yincumin funacadan.

Tangasa no Dipongan a to’ak, ona Ino Yoshinori, awaya den'nojo a “Taiwan yicumin mondai” (1900) a tilidan itiya to madadoedo ko pisilsil misiiked, ikor to ni Ino Yoshinori a “Taiwan yincumin seici” (1900) a tilidan, itiya masalof ko kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan, kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan ira: Ketagalan, Kavalan, Taokas, Pazih, Papora, Babuza, Arikun, Lloa, Siraya, Makattao 10 finacadan.

Oni Ino Yoshinori a nisiikedan kadadoedo o kacipinangan to pidoedoan, ona Igawa Kazo, Ogawa Tadayoshi, Mabuchi Toichi o pasadakay to kasasiiked siroma no pisilsil (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b). o kalaliyangan ira ko pinapina:

Pakayni to na 2 finacadan Arikun ato Lloa o papalacecayen ko finacadan: o roma a hakasi pasilacecay han koni 2 finacadan, o Hoanya a finacadan han saan. Nika midotoc to no hakasi ca Yung Kayin and Chung Yulan a pisapinang i, paretatenga to Hoanya alatek o nano Folaohua (Fan) a moraraway ko pipasetek. Ono finacadan to inika sasiroma no pihamon, pako niyah sa ko paratatenga.

’Eca ko malecaday to no Ketagalan a finacadan, ano eca padoedoen ho ko pisiiked. Pakayni to sowalan hakasi ca Tsuchida Shigeru aci Lee Inkee paretatenga a nisowalan, oya Ketagalan finacadan salongan malitoloay kasasiroma no sowal saan: Basay, Leilang ato Kulon. Oya Siraiya, Taivoan ato Makattao o masasiromaay ano eca o cecay a finacadan. Tangasa anini o ’alomanay a hakasi a midoedoan tono mikarkaray to notamdawan, sowalan ato lodisan masapinang, patongal no finacadan pihamon to niyah, paretatenga o na toloay ngasaw o masasiromaay caayay kalecad a yincuminco[13][14][15][16][17][18].   

Oni Ikawako no Zang itiniay ni Ino Kasunori saceker mapacomod ko Thao finacadan, o nano Pinpu finacadan ano eca o kaosanco finacadan.

==== Ikoray no kalalood a pisiiked (戰後的分類) ====
Pinapina mihecaan, no hakasi sakiPinpu finacadan a pisiiked, ira to ko fa’elohay a nengneng. No Dipong a hakasi ci Tsuchida Shigeru i 1985 mihecaan misiikedan (nengneng Tsuchida 1985), masiiked ko Pinpu finacadan to 12 finacadan: oya Kavalan, Basay, Ketagalan, Kulon, Taokas, Pazih, Papora, Babuza, Hoanya, Siraya, Makattao, Taivoan a finacadan.

Oni Li Yiyuan misiikedan to Pinpu finacadan masiiked 10 finacadan, oya Kavalan, Kentagalan, Luilang, Taokas, Papora, Babiza, Hoanya, Pazeh, Suisalien(Thau), Siraya finacadan[19]:14.  

Taywan sowalan hakasi ci Li Rengui ira ko masasiromaay a nengneng, nai 1996 miheca “Taywan Pinpu finacadan kasasiiked ato kasasikihar masiiked” a tilid, pasadak to 7 finacadan 14 ko sangasaw a nengneng: Thau, Kavalan, Ketagalan [5], Baburan [6], Pazih, Hoanya, Siraya. Ikor pakayni i sowal fa’elohay kasapinang, I 2006 miheca ato 2010 miheca mihapiw to nitilidan, oya Taivoan ato Makattao nai kaetipay Siraya amasadak[13][14].   

=== Kasamihecaan kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan. (歷年平埔族群分類)[20][21][22][23] ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
| colspan=&quot;19&quot; |'''歷年平埔族群分類'''
|-
|'''年代'''
|'''研究者'''
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; |'''族名'''
|-
|1904
|伊能嘉矩
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Vupuran
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Poavosa
|Arikun
|Lloa
|Pazzehe
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|Makattao
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1930
|移川子之藏
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Vupuran
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazeh
|Sao
|Tao
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1935
|小川尚義
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Vupuran
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazzehe
|Sao
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1944
|小川尚義
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|Luilang
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Papora
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazeh
|Sao
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1951
|張耀錡
|卡瓦蘭

（Kavalan）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |凱達格蘭

（Ketagalan）
|道卡斯

（Taokas）
|拍瀑拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴布薩

（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
|拍宰海

（Pazeh）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |西拉雅

（Siraya）
|四社熟番

（Taivoan）
|-
|1955
|李亦園
|噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|雷朗

（Luilang）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |凱達格蘭

（Ketagalan）
|道卡斯

（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |貓霧拺

（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |和安雅

（Hoanya）
|巴則海

（Pazeh）
|水沙連
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1970
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |台灣省通志
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |卡瓦蘭

（Kavalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |凱達格蘭

（Ketagalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |道卡斯

（Taokas）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |拍瀑拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴布薩

（Babuza／Poavasa）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅（Hoanya）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴則海

（Pazeh／Pazex）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
|Arikun
|Lloa
|馬卡道
|西拉雅
|四社熟番
|-
|1985-1991
|土田滋
|Kavalan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ketagalan
|Basay
|Kulon
|Taokas
|Papora
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazzahe
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|Makatao
|Siraya
|Taivoan
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1991
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |李壬癸
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |凱達格蘭（Ketagalan）
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |巴布薩（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴則海

（Pazeh）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |邵

（Thao）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
|雷朗（Luilang）
|哆囉美遠

（Trobian）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴賽（Basay）
|道卡斯（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
|貓霧拺（Babuza）
|費佛朗

（Favorlang）
|Makatao
|Siraya
|Taivoan
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1996
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |李壬癸
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |猴猴

（Qauqaut）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |凱達格蘭（Ketagalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |龜崙

（Kulon）
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |巴布蘭（Baburan）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴則海

（Pazeh）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |邵

（Thao）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
|雷朗（Luilang）
|哆囉美遠

（Trobian）
|馬賽（Basay）
|道卡斯（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
|貓霧拺（Babuza）
|費佛朗

（Favorlang）
|馬卡道（Makatao）
|西拉雅（Siraya）
|四社熟番（Taivoan）
|-
|2006-2010
|李壬癸
|噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |巴賽（凱達格蘭）

（Basay (Ketagalan)）
|龜崙

（Kulon）
|道卡斯

（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |貓霧拺（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
|巴宰

（Pazih）
|邵

（Thao）
|馬卡道（Makatao）
|西拉雅（Siraya）
|大武壠（Taivoan）
|}

=== Padetengan no finacadan (主要族群) ===
Ka’amis Taywan Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan

Tayal finacadan

Tayal Mie ngasaw

Kaetip ka’amis sowal finacadan

Saysyak finacadan (’ayaway pisiiked)

Kulon finacadan

Pazih finacadan

Pazih finacadan (palowad to sowal) [24][25]

Kahawu finacadan (palowad to sowal) [26][27][28]

Kaetip dafdafay sowal finacadan

Thao finacadan (’ayaway pisiiked)

Taokas finacadan (palowad to sowal) [29]

Papora finacadan

Babuza finacadan

Favorlang finacadan

Hoanya finacadan

Arikun finacadan

Lloa finacadan

Katimol Taywan Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan

Paiwan sowal finacadan

Paiwan Scaro ngasaw

Bunun sowal finacadan

Bunun finacadan Po ngasaw 

Kawali Taywan Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan 

Ka’amisay sowal finacadan

Kavalan finacadan (ira ho ko sowal) 

Houhou finacadan

Ketagalan finacadan

Luilang finacadan

Pazih finacadan (palowad to sowal)[30]

Trobian finacadan

Linao finacadan 

Kaetip katimolay sowal finacadan

Siraya finacadan (palowad to sowal)

Makatao finacadan

Tajialiyang tamdaw

Fangsuo tamdaw

Langqiao tamdaw

Xiaoliuqiu tamdaw

Taivoan finacadan (palowad to sowal) [7]

=== Ponka (文化) ===
Pa’atayan ngangan (姓氏)

Tadamaan ko pa’atayan ngangan no Pinpu finacadan, nawhani masaPayrangay to, saka palasawad hananay to ko tadapa’atayan ngangan ato pipangangan a rocok no Pinpu finacadan, mialaay to tono Payrangan a pa’atayan, midotoc to mikadadoedoedo no finacadan ato sangasaw a pihamon, adihay to ko nipicamol to no Payrang tamdaw, Ngangay tamdaw, roma naikoran to no kalalood mafolaway a Payrang ira aca ko kasasiroma no pa’atayan ngangan, onini pa’atayan ngangan ato pafelian a mikadadoedoedo no finacadan, malo no Pinpu finacadan no niyah pihamonan ko tadamaanay pidotocan[31].

Pafalian a pa’atayan ngangan: Pan

Roma pa’atayan ngangan: Chen, Liu, Huang, Dai, Lai.

Tadamaan pa’atayan ngangan: Bing, Yue, Bang, Yi, Ji, Yi, Li, Mao, Mao, Tong, Nian, Dong, Yan, Ai, He, Cheng, Mai, Hou, Biao, Hong, Shuang, Jiao, Feng, Shi, Zhang, Zhui, Chu, Nai, Wei, Du, Zhen, Yu, Jie, Zhao, Yong, Hu, Zhen, Xie, Mai, Zhang, Xi, Yong, Yi, Jie, Bei, Liu, Shui, Li, Gang, Kun, Zhuo, Ya, Tuo, Mi, Wu, Xin, Kang, Zhang, Chang, Shuang, Gan, Zhuang.

=== Lisin (祭祀) ===
Itini i ka’oripan to romi’ami’adan ko kaira no lisin no Pinpu finacadan, ano sowalen, patodongan no lisin oya serayan a kinaira ko nito’ongan, o pakayraan no pidemak o nikaira no to’asan a pingodo. Siikeden, malitoloay ko pita’ong no Pinpu finacadan to tato’asan:

Comikayay to’asan lisin, mararid ko itiraay tenokan no Taywan a Pazeh finacadan, Papora finacadan,Taokas finacadan, pangangan no lisin itiyaay a lisin a kacomikayan ko todong, mahaenay a lisin roma matiyaay no kaemangay licekah kakomodan sakaira.

Katimolay Siraya finacadan, Makatao finacadan a to’asan lisin oya koreng ko todong tireng no to’asan a mita’ong, matiniay a pita’ong a lekakawa ato ’okak no to’asan pita’ong. Nika ngataay a Taivoan finacadan caay pita’ong to koreng, caay paso’elin t okaitira no to’asan i koreng, o paso’elinan tato’asan itiraay i kapolongan pita’omngan ko pipasayraan mipacakat to kawas.

Ka’amisan no Taywan a Pinpu finacadan Ketagalan finacadan, Kavalan finacadan ano eca Luilang finacadan, pita’ong to to’asan awaay ko todong kaitiraan a mita’ong.

=== Palowasd to serayan (文化復振) ===
Nawhani masaso’otay to ko kacacofel to Payrang, o lakakawa no Pinpu finacadan, sowal to ko kalaswadan. Aniniay hakasi ato teloc no Pinpu finacadan misa’icelay, mikadkad mikilim to lekakawa ato sowal no niyah. Oya Kavalan finacadan mahamon to no Conghuaminko a sifo, palao cecay no finacadan yincuminco no Taywan, oya Siraya finacadan o nano Taynansi a telekan a cecay finawlan a yincumin, itiraay Kompo no Kalingko a Taivoan finacadan, Makatao finacadan, Siraya finacadan o setekan no kofa a yincuminco, nanay masarocod ko pihayda no takarawan sifo no Conghuaminko a mihaydaan.</text>
      <sha1>iwvyoep29jkqtuhbq4wgy91wgk26e8u</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>46911</id>
      <parentid>46910</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-07-07T01:14:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Masaonikar</username>
        <id>570</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Palowasd to serayan (文化復振) */</comment>
      <origin>46911</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="20013" sha1="1h80z7rzwbz8zzdxrbop6xu3js5eaxr" xml:space="preserve">== Pinpu finacadan (平埔族群) ==
Pinpu finacadan, to hatiniay Pinpoco han ko pitahidang, o pisiiked to sapikown to yincumin no Taywan a tahidang koni[2]. O roma a tahidang o Kaosancu; ikor midoedo to mikingkiway, ponkaan, itiya a mafana’ to o ’alomanay a finacadan caay ko cecayay a finacadan sato, anini falican ko pitahidang o Pinpocu fuinacadan hanto. Oya ’alomanay Pinpuco finacadan tangsa anini caay ho haydaen no Conghuaminko sifo o yincuminco caira, dengan oya pakapian i ’Amis finacadan a Kavalan finacadan.

Pinpu finacadan i’ayaw no pikowan no netherland, spain itiya o “Aporicini-アボリジニ” han ko pitahidang; pikowan to no Mancin i, saheto o mapalatamdaway, maecakay finacadan[1], ato Nama no fan, wairudona fan sanay ko pasasi’ayaw[3]:12. Orasaka o Cori sareta, Aporicini-アボリジニ itiraay i “Dafdafay pala” (Pingti caopu), samasa o sowal pangangan o Pingpuah, Pucirin, Pingpufan (Payrang: Pi-poo-hoan; Inkiris Pepohoan[4][5][6]), onini “Pinpu” a sowal todong “Dafdaf” ano eca “enaray” sanay ko todong no sowal[7].

Tangasa to pikowan no Dipong a to’ek “Taywan Fancin demak” a tilidan o yincumin malitosa Kaosancu, Pinpuco[3]:13, kasaniyaro’ a Pinpuco finacadan ona palowaday to pifalic pala “Tongninco” sanay a syakay onto[5][8]. Tangasa no Conghuaminko to’ek a mikowan miteka o rayray no Pinpuco malasawaday to ko finacadan harateng, caay to pala o yincuminco cangra; ikor makerih to ko mikingkiway t ofinacadan no Taywan, onini likisi no Pinpuco miteka a masafaloco’ no syakay, nika o Pinpuco a finacadan ona oya “Pinpuco” koni finacadan, saan to ikor miliyaw a misilsil to kasasiiked masiroma[2][3]:18.

O Saisiyat ato Thao finadan ona nipacomodan i Pinpu a finacadan, nengnengen “Pinpuco”, “mapalatamdaway”, “maecakay finacadan” ato “manta’ finacadan” sanay ko pisiiked, onini o sakanga’ay no papotalay mikowan, caayay pidotoc to no yincuminco i nihamonan no niyah konini pisiiked, saka aniniay a pipangangan no Pinpu ano eca palowad to ngangan a onto. Tangasa 2022 miheca 10 folad 28 romi’ad, ono Conghuaminko kimpo a hoyin saki Silaya finacadan to kacingangan no yincumin a demak i, mihapiw to itiyaay ho “Rikec no kacingangan no yincumin” o caayay ka tatodong i kimpo, patodongen to tolo miheca ko pisalofan, mihayda to no Kaosancu a pisingsi malayincuminco o nano Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no Taywan, midotoc a pakayni sakacingangan nai tatapangan no rikec ko Pinpu finacadan[9].  

=== Likisi (歷史)   ===
O Pinpu a finacadan nai ’ayaw 17 sician katayni no Payrang i Taywan i, malesap nai ka’amis Yilan, Kilong tangasa katimol mililisay to saetip a riyar a dafdaf a sera, itira ira ko kasasiromaan no ponka, sowal, niyaro’ ko pihamon a saniyaro’an no sa’opo.

Pinpu a fuinacadan ka’amis nai Suaw ato Tayal a kasasilaed, katimol nai Fanliaw ato Paiwanfinacadan malalaed, ikor maepec no Payrang o roma i malinah tayra roma a pala, matiya o Hengcun, Puli, Kalingko Posong.

=== Pakayraan no sowal (詞源) ===
“Pinpu” a sowal a padotocan, manga’ay so’edacen nai Cingcao Yongceng pikowan Huangsujin “Taihai sicalu” (ikor no 1742 miheca), onini a tilid masowal ko “kasa Pinpu a saniyaro’” a sowal, ikor nai ci Chen Lunjiong a “Haikuo wencienlu” (1731 miheca) ira masadak ko “Pinpu yincumin” a sowal[3]:13.

Nawhani o ponka no yincumin macacofelay i no Payrang a finacadan, orasaka i ’ayaway no Payrang a rayray no likisi no Taywan masowal ko “Fan” [3]. Nai “Fan” a tilidan, pahecian a sowal a minengneng, “Fan” oya “macengelay” ato “omah” patatekoan, o maomahay a tamdaw sanay ko pitoro’, matiniay ko sa’orip. Nika, itini i romaay finacadan konengneng, “Fan” iraay ko mipelesay, miepecay a sowal[11].

I’ayaw yincumin no Taywan dengan o “niyaro’” ko iraay awaay ko “finacadan” sanay a latrkan[3]:12, orasaka o niyaro’ sato ko pitahidang. Tinako: Tacia kawaliay niyaro’ (tongsya) ato Tacia kaetipay niyaro’ “sisya” maro’ay, sacisowal sato o Tasya a tamdaw. O Pinpu finacadan ano eca Pinpu maecakay finacadan sanay a sowal i matiliday, o sapisiiked toya mangta’ay finacadan ato malafelay finacadan ato lotokay finacadan sanay ko pasasiromaan.

Talacawa nai 18 sician matilid no Mancin o Maecakay a Pinpu sanay ko pitahidang, mika itira i 19 sician mangalef ko nikasowal[4]. Rahodayen ko sowal, i 18 sician matilid o “Pinpu fan”, “Pinpu maecakay fan”, o patoro’ to itiraay i dafdafay no Pintong, dafdafay no Yilan, dafdafay no Posong ato dafdafay no Hengcun a yincumin finacadan. So’elinen ko sowal, o nisowalan no mita anini oya “Pinpu finacadan” tosaay ko pisimed to sasowalen: “Pinpu” ato “Maecakay finacadan”. O cecay a sowal “Pinpu” malifong i kasaniyaro’, oya “maecakay a finacadan” o sowal no mikowanay; nika soelinay, naikoran no Mancin, “Pinpu”, “Maecakay finacadan” itiraay i kasasiroma no finacadan, o mirarakatay a sdowal koni a pitahidang. O pisetek malecaday o pisiiked to sasiroma no sa’etal, tinako itiraay i Hencun, “Maecakay finacadan” snay a pisetek to micamolay to Payrang ato Yincumin, saka “Maecakay finacadan” a niyaro’ han ko pitahidang.  

=== Kasasiiked (分類) ===
Talacowa naira ko tamdawan, kasasiromaroma no tamdaw itiya to masasikihar ko ira ko “sasiiked no rocok”. Nika, kaira no tamdaw ira ko “finacadan” ato “finawlan” ko pisiiked to tamdaw o ikoray to ko nian, mangalef piteka no i’ayaw no 100 miheca picalap no micingcingay ato misatekeday ko pikowanan ho itiya. O Taywan saheto o “masiikeday ko finacadan” saka matiniay ko kamatira no to’ekan mapalowan.  

Ka Dipongan no Taywan o mitakedan a micowat ko pikowan to Taywan itiya, o patodong no pikowan, o pisapinangaw misolap ato sapinang to finacadan ato sera no Taywan, saan micowat misaiked to fanacadan no Taywan ko tayal (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b); tinako oya tayniay nai congko a Minan sa’etal a Ngayngay tamdaw palaPayrangen, ’ayaway nano Ngayngay palaNgayngayen ko pakika.

Miteka, hakasi no Dipong paretatenga oya maro’ay i dafdaf a Pinpu finacadan a yincumin malaPayrang to, dengan to oya “Pinpu finacadan” ano eca “Pinpufan” a nisowalan o pihaop aca, oya nisiikedan a finacadan palao “Takayamacu” patodong. Ikor, o hakasi no Dipong to mamalasawad a ponka no Pinpu finacadan ira to ko masatalolongay a nikafana’an saka, nanoya oya nisowalan a “Pinpu finacadan”, so’elinen halo adihayay kasasiroma no sowal, kasasiroma a ponka no finacadan.

Nikawrira, ’ayaw no 90 no mihecaan, o hakasi sakiPinpu finacadan masasiroma ko pisiiked, ira ko 7 finacadan 14 sangasaw, ira ko 8 finacadan, 9 finacadan, 10 finacadan, 12 finacadan sanay (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b).

Midotoc to aniniay mikingkiway pahecian, saki “Pinpu finacadan”, “Takayamacu” a kasasiiked, caay ko tataparan sanay masasiiked ko finawlan, o nano nai 17 sician ko nisanga’an a likisi, nawhani kasafinacadan a ’orip a sofal ato Palapayrangan a ko saka milafotay to calay. Roma a sowal, o nian “Pinpu finacadan” a kasasiroma no ponka, latek ikaka to cecay no “Pinpucu” ato cecay no “Takasakoco” a kasasiroma, o cecay no “Pinpu finacadan” ato cecay no “Takasako finacadan” latek oya cecayay a finacadan. Tinako sasowalen, nai sowal ato ponka ko pinengneng, samangataay to no ’Amis finacadan a Slaya, Taman ato Makataw finacadan no Taywan a Pinpu finacadan; o sowal ato Saysiyak finacadan mangata to Loylon finacadan no yincuminco.

=== Pakayraan no finacadan (族源) ===
Midoedo to no aniniay nipikingkiw misaheci, pakayraan no Pinpuco a ponka saheto o nai Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no Taywan. Onini a finacadan malesap itini i Taypinyang ato Intoyang, samaraayay manga’ay rapoten koya maraayay to Taywan a Easter Island ato Madagascar.

Dotocen ko kaitiraan, o itiraay i paka’amisay a finacadan no Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan i Taywan ko Pinpu a finacadan. So’elinen o I’ayaway no fa’elohay fokelohan a to’ek ko kaira ano eca talahakel i Taywan ko Pinpu finacadan, o nano mikiriyaray a finacadan. O piwacay no Yincuminco wiyinhuy to yincuminco no Taywan ato Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no hekal a kasakihar i pahapinang to o “nao Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan ko finacadan no Taywan, sakitamdawan ono Malay a tamdawan saka, o paka’amisay no Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan ko Taywan” saan[12].

==== No kaDipongan to’ek a pisilsil (日治時期的分類) ====
Saki Pinpu finacadan a pisilisil, awaay ko masongila’ay a kadadoedo no pisilsil i pikowan no Dipong to Taywan. Itira sa i Netherland a mikowan dengan sa o no kasaniyaro’ a ngangan, oraan sa ko pidoedoan kasasilsil no sa’etal, masa’isal ko pinapina sa’etal no finacadan. Ono i Mancin ni Huang Shujing to “Fansu liukao” a tilid i, malecad to pakayni kasasilsil a palaan misiiked a 13 niyaro’ ko yincumin funacadan.

Tangasa no Dipongan a to’ak, ona Ino Yoshinori, awaya den'nojo a “Taiwan yicumin mondai” (1900) a tilidan itiya to madadoedo ko pisilsil misiiked, ikor to ni Ino Yoshinori a “Taiwan yincumin seici” (1900) a tilidan, itiya masalof ko kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan, kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan ira: Ketagalan, Kavalan, Taokas, Pazih, Papora, Babuza, Arikun, Lloa, Siraya, Makattao 10 finacadan.

Oni Ino Yoshinori a nisiikedan kadadoedo o kacipinangan to pidoedoan, ona Igawa Kazo, Ogawa Tadayoshi, Mabuchi Toichi o pasadakay to kasasiiked siroma no pisilsil (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b). o kalaliyangan ira ko pinapina:

Pakayni to na 2 finacadan Arikun ato Lloa o papalacecayen ko finacadan: o roma a hakasi pasilacecay han koni 2 finacadan, o Hoanya a finacadan han saan. Nika midotoc to no hakasi ca Yung Kayin and Chung Yulan a pisapinang i, paretatenga to Hoanya alatek o nano Folaohua (Fan) a moraraway ko pipasetek. Ono finacadan to inika sasiroma no pihamon, pako niyah sa ko paratatenga.

’Eca ko malecaday to no Ketagalan a finacadan, ano eca padoedoen ho ko pisiiked. Pakayni to sowalan hakasi ca Tsuchida Shigeru aci Lee Inkee paretatenga a nisowalan, oya Ketagalan finacadan salongan malitoloay kasasiroma no sowal saan: Basay, Leilang ato Kulon. Oya Siraiya, Taivoan ato Makattao o masasiromaay ano eca o cecay a finacadan. Tangasa anini o ’alomanay a hakasi a midoedoan tono mikarkaray to notamdawan, sowalan ato lodisan masapinang, patongal no finacadan pihamon to niyah, paretatenga o na toloay ngasaw o masasiromaay caayay kalecad a yincuminco[13][14][15][16][17][18].   

Oni Ikawako no Zang itiniay ni Ino Kasunori saceker mapacomod ko Thao finacadan, o nano Pinpu finacadan ano eca o kaosanco finacadan.

==== Ikoray no kalalood a pisiiked (戰後的分類) ====
Pinapina mihecaan, no hakasi sakiPinpu finacadan a pisiiked, ira to ko fa’elohay a nengneng. No Dipong a hakasi ci Tsuchida Shigeru i 1985 mihecaan misiikedan (nengneng Tsuchida 1985), masiiked ko Pinpu finacadan to 12 finacadan: oya Kavalan, Basay, Ketagalan, Kulon, Taokas, Pazih, Papora, Babuza, Hoanya, Siraya, Makattao, Taivoan a finacadan.

Oni Li Yiyuan misiikedan to Pinpu finacadan masiiked 10 finacadan, oya Kavalan, Kentagalan, Luilang, Taokas, Papora, Babiza, Hoanya, Pazeh, Suisalien(Thau), Siraya finacadan[19]:14.  

Taywan sowalan hakasi ci Li Rengui ira ko masasiromaay a nengneng, nai 1996 miheca “Taywan Pinpu finacadan kasasiiked ato kasasikihar masiiked” a tilid, pasadak to 7 finacadan 14 ko sangasaw a nengneng: Thau, Kavalan, Ketagalan [5], Baburan [6], Pazih, Hoanya, Siraya. Ikor pakayni i sowal fa’elohay kasapinang, I 2006 miheca ato 2010 miheca mihapiw to nitilidan, oya Taivoan ato Makattao nai kaetipay Siraya amasadak[13][14].   

=== Kasamihecaan kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan. (歷年平埔族群分類)[20][21][22][23] ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
| colspan=&quot;19&quot; |'''歷年平埔族群分類'''
|-
|'''年代'''
|'''研究者'''
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; |'''族名'''
|-
|1904
|伊能嘉矩
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Vupuran
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Poavosa
|Arikun
|Lloa
|Pazzehe
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|Makattao
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1930
|移川子之藏
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Vupuran
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazeh
|Sao
|Tao
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1935
|小川尚義
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Vupuran
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazzehe
|Sao
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1944
|小川尚義
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|Luilang
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Papora
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazeh
|Sao
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1951
|張耀錡
|卡瓦蘭

（Kavalan）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |凱達格蘭

（Ketagalan）
|道卡斯

（Taokas）
|拍瀑拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴布薩

（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
|拍宰海

（Pazeh）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |西拉雅

（Siraya）
|四社熟番

（Taivoan）
|-
|1955
|李亦園
|噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|雷朗

（Luilang）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |凱達格蘭

（Ketagalan）
|道卡斯

（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |貓霧拺

（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |和安雅

（Hoanya）
|巴則海

（Pazeh）
|水沙連
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1970
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |台灣省通志
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |卡瓦蘭

（Kavalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |凱達格蘭

（Ketagalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |道卡斯

（Taokas）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |拍瀑拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴布薩

（Babuza／Poavasa）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅（Hoanya）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴則海

（Pazeh／Pazex）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
|Arikun
|Lloa
|馬卡道
|西拉雅
|四社熟番
|-
|1985-1991
|土田滋
|Kavalan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ketagalan
|Basay
|Kulon
|Taokas
|Papora
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazzahe
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|Makatao
|Siraya
|Taivoan
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1991
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |李壬癸
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |凱達格蘭（Ketagalan）
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |巴布薩（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴則海

（Pazeh）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |邵

（Thao）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
|雷朗（Luilang）
|哆囉美遠

（Trobian）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴賽（Basay）
|道卡斯（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
|貓霧拺（Babuza）
|費佛朗

（Favorlang）
|Makatao
|Siraya
|Taivoan
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1996
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |李壬癸
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |猴猴

（Qauqaut）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |凱達格蘭（Ketagalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |龜崙

（Kulon）
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |巴布蘭（Baburan）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴則海

（Pazeh）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |邵

（Thao）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
|雷朗（Luilang）
|哆囉美遠

（Trobian）
|馬賽（Basay）
|道卡斯（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
|貓霧拺（Babuza）
|費佛朗

（Favorlang）
|馬卡道（Makatao）
|西拉雅（Siraya）
|四社熟番（Taivoan）
|-
|2006-2010
|李壬癸
|噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |巴賽（凱達格蘭）

（Basay (Ketagalan)）
|龜崙

（Kulon）
|道卡斯

（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |貓霧拺（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
|巴宰

（Pazih）
|邵

（Thao）
|馬卡道（Makatao）
|西拉雅（Siraya）
|大武壠（Taivoan）
|}

=== Padetengan no finacadan (主要族群) ===
Ka’amis Taywan Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan

Tayal finacadan

Tayal Mie ngasaw

Kaetip ka’amis sowal finacadan

Saysyak finacadan (’ayaway pisiiked)

Kulon finacadan

Pazih finacadan

Pazih finacadan (palowad to sowal) [24][25]

Kahawu finacadan (palowad to sowal) [26][27][28]

Kaetip dafdafay sowal finacadan

Thao finacadan (’ayaway pisiiked)

Taokas finacadan (palowad to sowal) [29]

Papora finacadan

Babuza finacadan

Favorlang finacadan

Hoanya finacadan

Arikun finacadan

Lloa finacadan

Katimol Taywan Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan

Paiwan sowal finacadan

Paiwan Scaro ngasaw

Bunun sowal finacadan

Bunun finacadan Po ngasaw 

Kawali Taywan Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan 

Ka’amisay sowal finacadan

Kavalan finacadan (ira ho ko sowal) 

Houhou finacadan

Ketagalan finacadan

Luilang finacadan

Pazih finacadan (palowad to sowal)[30]

Trobian finacadan

Linao finacadan 

Kaetip katimolay sowal finacadan

Siraya finacadan (palowad to sowal)

Makatao finacadan

Tajialiyang tamdaw

Fangsuo tamdaw

Langqiao tamdaw

Xiaoliuqiu tamdaw

Taivoan finacadan (palowad to sowal) [7]

=== Ponka (文化) ===
Pa’atayan ngangan (姓氏)

Tadamaan ko pa’atayan ngangan no Pinpu finacadan, nawhani masaPayrangay to, saka palasawad hananay to ko tadapa’atayan ngangan ato pipangangan a rocok no Pinpu finacadan, mialaay to tono Payrangan a pa’atayan, midotoc to mikadadoedoedo no finacadan ato sangasaw a pihamon, adihay to ko nipicamol to no Payrang tamdaw, Ngangay tamdaw, roma naikoran to no kalalood mafolaway a Payrang ira aca ko kasasiroma no pa’atayan ngangan, onini pa’atayan ngangan ato pafelian a mikadadoedoedo no finacadan, malo no Pinpu finacadan no niyah pihamonan ko tadamaanay pidotocan[31].

Pafalian a pa’atayan ngangan: Pan

Roma pa’atayan ngangan: Chen, Liu, Huang, Dai, Lai.

Tadamaan pa’atayan ngangan: Bing, Yue, Bang, Yi, Ji, Yi, Li, Mao, Mao, Tong, Nian, Dong, Yan, Ai, He, Cheng, Mai, Hou, Biao, Hong, Shuang, Jiao, Feng, Shi, Zhang, Zhui, Chu, Nai, Wei, Du, Zhen, Yu, Jie, Zhao, Yong, Hu, Zhen, Xie, Mai, Zhang, Xi, Yong, Yi, Jie, Bei, Liu, Shui, Li, Gang, Kun, Zhuo, Ya, Tuo, Mi, Wu, Xin, Kang, Zhang, Chang, Shuang, Gan, Zhuang.

=== Lisin (祭祀) ===
Itini i ka’oripan to romi’ami’adan ko kaira no lisin no Pinpu finacadan, ano sowalen, patodongan no lisin oya serayan a kinaira ko nito’ongan, o pakayraan no pidemak o nikaira no to’asan a pingodo. Siikeden, malitoloay ko pita’ong no Pinpu finacadan to tato’asan:

Comikayay to’asan lisin, mararid ko itiraay tenokan no Taywan a Pazeh finacadan, Papora finacadan,Taokas finacadan, pangangan no lisin itiyaay a lisin a kacomikayan ko todong, mahaenay a lisin roma matiyaay no kaemangay licekah kakomodan sakaira.

Katimolay Siraya finacadan, Makatao finacadan a to’asan lisin oya koreng ko todong tireng no to’asan a mita’ong, matiniay a pita’ong a lekakawa ato ’okak no to’asan pita’ong. Nika ngataay a Taivoan finacadan caay pita’ong to koreng, caay paso’elin t okaitira no to’asan i koreng, o paso’elinan tato’asan itiraay i kapolongan pita’omngan ko pipasayraan mipacakat to kawas.

Ka’amisan no Taywan a Pinpu finacadan Ketagalan finacadan, Kavalan finacadan ano eca Luilang finacadan, pita’ong to to’asan awaay ko todong kaitiraan a mita’ong.

=== Palowasd to serayan (文化復振) ===
Nawhani masaso’otay to ko kacacofel to Payrang, o lakakawa no Pinpu finacadan, sowal to ko kalaswadan. Aniniay hakasi ato teloc no Pinpu finacadan misa’icelay, mikadkad mikilim to lekakawa ato sowal no niyah. Oya Kavalan finacadan mahamon to no Conghuaminko a sifo, palao cecay no finacadan yincuminco no Taywan, oya Siraya finacadan o nano Taynansi a telekan a cecay finawlan a yincumin, itiraay Kompo no Kalingko a Taivoan finacadan, Makatao finacadan, Siraya finacadan o setekan no kofa a yincuminco, nanay masarocod ko pihayda no takarawan sifo no Conghuaminko a mihaydaan.

O Pinpu yincumin a Ketagalan finacadan, Pazih finacadan, Kahawu finacadan, Makatao finacadan, Hoanya finacadan, Papora finacadan, Taokas finacadan a kasafinacadan, nai 1990 miheca miteka palowad to kacingangan onto no Pinpu, mingitangit pihamon no sifo to sakacingangan to yincuminco a Pinpu finacadan[32].</text>
      <sha1>1h80z7rzwbz8zzdxrbop6xu3js5eaxr</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>46912</id>
      <parentid>46911</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-07-07T01:14:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Masaonikar</username>
        <id>570</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Palowasd to serayan (文化復振) */</comment>
      <origin>46912</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="20510" sha1="e0ioekfbw6kl84vf4xexaw0rskm15zb" xml:space="preserve">== Pinpu finacadan (平埔族群) ==
Pinpu finacadan, to hatiniay Pinpoco han ko pitahidang, o pisiiked to sapikown to yincumin no Taywan a tahidang koni[2]. O roma a tahidang o Kaosancu; ikor midoedo to mikingkiway, ponkaan, itiya a mafana’ to o ’alomanay a finacadan caay ko cecayay a finacadan sato, anini falican ko pitahidang o Pinpocu fuinacadan hanto. Oya ’alomanay Pinpuco finacadan tangsa anini caay ho haydaen no Conghuaminko sifo o yincuminco caira, dengan oya pakapian i ’Amis finacadan a Kavalan finacadan.

Pinpu finacadan i’ayaw no pikowan no netherland, spain itiya o “Aporicini-アボリジニ” han ko pitahidang; pikowan to no Mancin i, saheto o mapalatamdaway, maecakay finacadan[1], ato Nama no fan, wairudona fan sanay ko pasasi’ayaw[3]:12. Orasaka o Cori sareta, Aporicini-アボリジニ itiraay i “Dafdafay pala” (Pingti caopu), samasa o sowal pangangan o Pingpuah, Pucirin, Pingpufan (Payrang: Pi-poo-hoan; Inkiris Pepohoan[4][5][6]), onini “Pinpu” a sowal todong “Dafdaf” ano eca “enaray” sanay ko todong no sowal[7].

Tangasa to pikowan no Dipong a to’ek “Taywan Fancin demak” a tilidan o yincumin malitosa Kaosancu, Pinpuco[3]:13, kasaniyaro’ a Pinpuco finacadan ona palowaday to pifalic pala “Tongninco” sanay a syakay onto[5][8]. Tangasa no Conghuaminko to’ek a mikowan miteka o rayray no Pinpuco malasawaday to ko finacadan harateng, caay to pala o yincuminco cangra; ikor makerih to ko mikingkiway t ofinacadan no Taywan, onini likisi no Pinpuco miteka a masafaloco’ no syakay, nika o Pinpuco a finacadan ona oya “Pinpuco” koni finacadan, saan to ikor miliyaw a misilsil to kasasiiked masiroma[2][3]:18.

O Saisiyat ato Thao finadan ona nipacomodan i Pinpu a finacadan, nengnengen “Pinpuco”, “mapalatamdaway”, “maecakay finacadan” ato “manta’ finacadan” sanay ko pisiiked, onini o sakanga’ay no papotalay mikowan, caayay pidotoc to no yincuminco i nihamonan no niyah konini pisiiked, saka aniniay a pipangangan no Pinpu ano eca palowad to ngangan a onto. Tangasa 2022 miheca 10 folad 28 romi’ad, ono Conghuaminko kimpo a hoyin saki Silaya finacadan to kacingangan no yincumin a demak i, mihapiw to itiyaay ho “Rikec no kacingangan no yincumin” o caayay ka tatodong i kimpo, patodongen to tolo miheca ko pisalofan, mihayda to no Kaosancu a pisingsi malayincuminco o nano Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no Taywan, midotoc a pakayni sakacingangan nai tatapangan no rikec ko Pinpu finacadan[9].  

=== Likisi (歷史)   ===
O Pinpu a finacadan nai ’ayaw 17 sician katayni no Payrang i Taywan i, malesap nai ka’amis Yilan, Kilong tangasa katimol mililisay to saetip a riyar a dafdaf a sera, itira ira ko kasasiromaan no ponka, sowal, niyaro’ ko pihamon a saniyaro’an no sa’opo.

Pinpu a fuinacadan ka’amis nai Suaw ato Tayal a kasasilaed, katimol nai Fanliaw ato Paiwanfinacadan malalaed, ikor maepec no Payrang o roma i malinah tayra roma a pala, matiya o Hengcun, Puli, Kalingko Posong.

=== Pakayraan no sowal (詞源) ===
“Pinpu” a sowal a padotocan, manga’ay so’edacen nai Cingcao Yongceng pikowan Huangsujin “Taihai sicalu” (ikor no 1742 miheca), onini a tilid masowal ko “kasa Pinpu a saniyaro’” a sowal, ikor nai ci Chen Lunjiong a “Haikuo wencienlu” (1731 miheca) ira masadak ko “Pinpu yincumin” a sowal[3]:13.

Nawhani o ponka no yincumin macacofelay i no Payrang a finacadan, orasaka i ’ayaway no Payrang a rayray no likisi no Taywan masowal ko “Fan” [3]. Nai “Fan” a tilidan, pahecian a sowal a minengneng, “Fan” oya “macengelay” ato “omah” patatekoan, o maomahay a tamdaw sanay ko pitoro’, matiniay ko sa’orip. Nika, itini i romaay finacadan konengneng, “Fan” iraay ko mipelesay, miepecay a sowal[11].

I’ayaw yincumin no Taywan dengan o “niyaro’” ko iraay awaay ko “finacadan” sanay a latrkan[3]:12, orasaka o niyaro’ sato ko pitahidang. Tinako: Tacia kawaliay niyaro’ (tongsya) ato Tacia kaetipay niyaro’ “sisya” maro’ay, sacisowal sato o Tasya a tamdaw. O Pinpu finacadan ano eca Pinpu maecakay finacadan sanay a sowal i matiliday, o sapisiiked toya mangta’ay finacadan ato malafelay finacadan ato lotokay finacadan sanay ko pasasiromaan.

Talacawa nai 18 sician matilid no Mancin o Maecakay a Pinpu sanay ko pitahidang, mika itira i 19 sician mangalef ko nikasowal[4]. Rahodayen ko sowal, i 18 sician matilid o “Pinpu fan”, “Pinpu maecakay fan”, o patoro’ to itiraay i dafdafay no Pintong, dafdafay no Yilan, dafdafay no Posong ato dafdafay no Hengcun a yincumin finacadan. So’elinen ko sowal, o nisowalan no mita anini oya “Pinpu finacadan” tosaay ko pisimed to sasowalen: “Pinpu” ato “Maecakay finacadan”. O cecay a sowal “Pinpu” malifong i kasaniyaro’, oya “maecakay a finacadan” o sowal no mikowanay; nika soelinay, naikoran no Mancin, “Pinpu”, “Maecakay finacadan” itiraay i kasasiroma no finacadan, o mirarakatay a sdowal koni a pitahidang. O pisetek malecaday o pisiiked to sasiroma no sa’etal, tinako itiraay i Hencun, “Maecakay finacadan” snay a pisetek to micamolay to Payrang ato Yincumin, saka “Maecakay finacadan” a niyaro’ han ko pitahidang.  

=== Kasasiiked (分類) ===
Talacowa naira ko tamdawan, kasasiromaroma no tamdaw itiya to masasikihar ko ira ko “sasiiked no rocok”. Nika, kaira no tamdaw ira ko “finacadan” ato “finawlan” ko pisiiked to tamdaw o ikoray to ko nian, mangalef piteka no i’ayaw no 100 miheca picalap no micingcingay ato misatekeday ko pikowanan ho itiya. O Taywan saheto o “masiikeday ko finacadan” saka matiniay ko kamatira no to’ekan mapalowan.  

Ka Dipongan no Taywan o mitakedan a micowat ko pikowan to Taywan itiya, o patodong no pikowan, o pisapinangaw misolap ato sapinang to finacadan ato sera no Taywan, saan micowat misaiked to fanacadan no Taywan ko tayal (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b); tinako oya tayniay nai congko a Minan sa’etal a Ngayngay tamdaw palaPayrangen, ’ayaway nano Ngayngay palaNgayngayen ko pakika.

Miteka, hakasi no Dipong paretatenga oya maro’ay i dafdaf a Pinpu finacadan a yincumin malaPayrang to, dengan to oya “Pinpu finacadan” ano eca “Pinpufan” a nisowalan o pihaop aca, oya nisiikedan a finacadan palao “Takayamacu” patodong. Ikor, o hakasi no Dipong to mamalasawad a ponka no Pinpu finacadan ira to ko masatalolongay a nikafana’an saka, nanoya oya nisowalan a “Pinpu finacadan”, so’elinen halo adihayay kasasiroma no sowal, kasasiroma a ponka no finacadan.

Nikawrira, ’ayaw no 90 no mihecaan, o hakasi sakiPinpu finacadan masasiroma ko pisiiked, ira ko 7 finacadan 14 sangasaw, ira ko 8 finacadan, 9 finacadan, 10 finacadan, 12 finacadan sanay (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b).

Midotoc to aniniay mikingkiway pahecian, saki “Pinpu finacadan”, “Takayamacu” a kasasiiked, caay ko tataparan sanay masasiiked ko finawlan, o nano nai 17 sician ko nisanga’an a likisi, nawhani kasafinacadan a ’orip a sofal ato Palapayrangan a ko saka milafotay to calay. Roma a sowal, o nian “Pinpu finacadan” a kasasiroma no ponka, latek ikaka to cecay no “Pinpucu” ato cecay no “Takasakoco” a kasasiroma, o cecay no “Pinpu finacadan” ato cecay no “Takasako finacadan” latek oya cecayay a finacadan. Tinako sasowalen, nai sowal ato ponka ko pinengneng, samangataay to no ’Amis finacadan a Slaya, Taman ato Makataw finacadan no Taywan a Pinpu finacadan; o sowal ato Saysiyak finacadan mangata to Loylon finacadan no yincuminco.

=== Pakayraan no finacadan (族源) ===
Midoedo to no aniniay nipikingkiw misaheci, pakayraan no Pinpuco a ponka saheto o nai Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no Taywan. Onini a finacadan malesap itini i Taypinyang ato Intoyang, samaraayay manga’ay rapoten koya maraayay to Taywan a Easter Island ato Madagascar.

Dotocen ko kaitiraan, o itiraay i paka’amisay a finacadan no Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan i Taywan ko Pinpu a finacadan. So’elinen o I’ayaway no fa’elohay fokelohan a to’ek ko kaira ano eca talahakel i Taywan ko Pinpu finacadan, o nano mikiriyaray a finacadan. O piwacay no Yincuminco wiyinhuy to yincuminco no Taywan ato Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no hekal a kasakihar i pahapinang to o “nao Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan ko finacadan no Taywan, sakitamdawan ono Malay a tamdawan saka, o paka’amisay no Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan ko Taywan” saan[12].

==== No kaDipongan to’ek a pisilsil (日治時期的分類) ====
Saki Pinpu finacadan a pisilisil, awaay ko masongila’ay a kadadoedo no pisilsil i pikowan no Dipong to Taywan. Itira sa i Netherland a mikowan dengan sa o no kasaniyaro’ a ngangan, oraan sa ko pidoedoan kasasilsil no sa’etal, masa’isal ko pinapina sa’etal no finacadan. Ono i Mancin ni Huang Shujing to “Fansu liukao” a tilid i, malecad to pakayni kasasilsil a palaan misiiked a 13 niyaro’ ko yincumin funacadan.

Tangasa no Dipongan a to’ak, ona Ino Yoshinori, awaya den'nojo a “Taiwan yicumin mondai” (1900) a tilidan itiya to madadoedo ko pisilsil misiiked, ikor to ni Ino Yoshinori a “Taiwan yincumin seici” (1900) a tilidan, itiya masalof ko kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan, kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan ira: Ketagalan, Kavalan, Taokas, Pazih, Papora, Babuza, Arikun, Lloa, Siraya, Makattao 10 finacadan.

Oni Ino Yoshinori a nisiikedan kadadoedo o kacipinangan to pidoedoan, ona Igawa Kazo, Ogawa Tadayoshi, Mabuchi Toichi o pasadakay to kasasiiked siroma no pisilsil (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b). o kalaliyangan ira ko pinapina:

Pakayni to na 2 finacadan Arikun ato Lloa o papalacecayen ko finacadan: o roma a hakasi pasilacecay han koni 2 finacadan, o Hoanya a finacadan han saan. Nika midotoc to no hakasi ca Yung Kayin and Chung Yulan a pisapinang i, paretatenga to Hoanya alatek o nano Folaohua (Fan) a moraraway ko pipasetek. Ono finacadan to inika sasiroma no pihamon, pako niyah sa ko paratatenga.

’Eca ko malecaday to no Ketagalan a finacadan, ano eca padoedoen ho ko pisiiked. Pakayni to sowalan hakasi ca Tsuchida Shigeru aci Lee Inkee paretatenga a nisowalan, oya Ketagalan finacadan salongan malitoloay kasasiroma no sowal saan: Basay, Leilang ato Kulon. Oya Siraiya, Taivoan ato Makattao o masasiromaay ano eca o cecay a finacadan. Tangasa anini o ’alomanay a hakasi a midoedoan tono mikarkaray to notamdawan, sowalan ato lodisan masapinang, patongal no finacadan pihamon to niyah, paretatenga o na toloay ngasaw o masasiromaay caayay kalecad a yincuminco[13][14][15][16][17][18].   

Oni Ikawako no Zang itiniay ni Ino Kasunori saceker mapacomod ko Thao finacadan, o nano Pinpu finacadan ano eca o kaosanco finacadan.

==== Ikoray no kalalood a pisiiked (戰後的分類) ====
Pinapina mihecaan, no hakasi sakiPinpu finacadan a pisiiked, ira to ko fa’elohay a nengneng. No Dipong a hakasi ci Tsuchida Shigeru i 1985 mihecaan misiikedan (nengneng Tsuchida 1985), masiiked ko Pinpu finacadan to 12 finacadan: oya Kavalan, Basay, Ketagalan, Kulon, Taokas, Pazih, Papora, Babuza, Hoanya, Siraya, Makattao, Taivoan a finacadan.

Oni Li Yiyuan misiikedan to Pinpu finacadan masiiked 10 finacadan, oya Kavalan, Kentagalan, Luilang, Taokas, Papora, Babiza, Hoanya, Pazeh, Suisalien(Thau), Siraya finacadan[19]:14.  

Taywan sowalan hakasi ci Li Rengui ira ko masasiromaay a nengneng, nai 1996 miheca “Taywan Pinpu finacadan kasasiiked ato kasasikihar masiiked” a tilid, pasadak to 7 finacadan 14 ko sangasaw a nengneng: Thau, Kavalan, Ketagalan [5], Baburan [6], Pazih, Hoanya, Siraya. Ikor pakayni i sowal fa’elohay kasapinang, I 2006 miheca ato 2010 miheca mihapiw to nitilidan, oya Taivoan ato Makattao nai kaetipay Siraya amasadak[13][14].   

=== Kasamihecaan kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan. (歷年平埔族群分類)[20][21][22][23] ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
| colspan=&quot;19&quot; |'''歷年平埔族群分類'''
|-
|'''年代'''
|'''研究者'''
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; |'''族名'''
|-
|1904
|伊能嘉矩
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Vupuran
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Poavosa
|Arikun
|Lloa
|Pazzehe
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|Makattao
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1930
|移川子之藏
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Vupuran
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazeh
|Sao
|Tao
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1935
|小川尚義
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Vupuran
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazzehe
|Sao
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1944
|小川尚義
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|Luilang
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Papora
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazeh
|Sao
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1951
|張耀錡
|卡瓦蘭

（Kavalan）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |凱達格蘭

（Ketagalan）
|道卡斯

（Taokas）
|拍瀑拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴布薩

（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
|拍宰海

（Pazeh）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |西拉雅

（Siraya）
|四社熟番

（Taivoan）
|-
|1955
|李亦園
|噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|雷朗

（Luilang）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |凱達格蘭

（Ketagalan）
|道卡斯

（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |貓霧拺

（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |和安雅

（Hoanya）
|巴則海

（Pazeh）
|水沙連
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1970
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |台灣省通志
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |卡瓦蘭

（Kavalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |凱達格蘭

（Ketagalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |道卡斯

（Taokas）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |拍瀑拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴布薩

（Babuza／Poavasa）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅（Hoanya）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴則海

（Pazeh／Pazex）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
|Arikun
|Lloa
|馬卡道
|西拉雅
|四社熟番
|-
|1985-1991
|土田滋
|Kavalan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ketagalan
|Basay
|Kulon
|Taokas
|Papora
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazzahe
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|Makatao
|Siraya
|Taivoan
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1991
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |李壬癸
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |凱達格蘭（Ketagalan）
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |巴布薩（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴則海

（Pazeh）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |邵

（Thao）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
|雷朗（Luilang）
|哆囉美遠

（Trobian）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴賽（Basay）
|道卡斯（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
|貓霧拺（Babuza）
|費佛朗

（Favorlang）
|Makatao
|Siraya
|Taivoan
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1996
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |李壬癸
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |猴猴

（Qauqaut）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |凱達格蘭（Ketagalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |龜崙

（Kulon）
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |巴布蘭（Baburan）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴則海

（Pazeh）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |邵

（Thao）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
|雷朗（Luilang）
|哆囉美遠

（Trobian）
|馬賽（Basay）
|道卡斯（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
|貓霧拺（Babuza）
|費佛朗

（Favorlang）
|馬卡道（Makatao）
|西拉雅（Siraya）
|四社熟番（Taivoan）
|-
|2006-2010
|李壬癸
|噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |巴賽（凱達格蘭）

（Basay (Ketagalan)）
|龜崙

（Kulon）
|道卡斯

（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |貓霧拺（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
|巴宰

（Pazih）
|邵

（Thao）
|馬卡道（Makatao）
|西拉雅（Siraya）
|大武壠（Taivoan）
|}

=== Padetengan no finacadan (主要族群) ===
Ka’amis Taywan Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan

Tayal finacadan

Tayal Mie ngasaw

Kaetip ka’amis sowal finacadan

Saysyak finacadan (’ayaway pisiiked)

Kulon finacadan

Pazih finacadan

Pazih finacadan (palowad to sowal) [24][25]

Kahawu finacadan (palowad to sowal) [26][27][28]

Kaetip dafdafay sowal finacadan

Thao finacadan (’ayaway pisiiked)

Taokas finacadan (palowad to sowal) [29]

Papora finacadan

Babuza finacadan

Favorlang finacadan

Hoanya finacadan

Arikun finacadan

Lloa finacadan

Katimol Taywan Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan

Paiwan sowal finacadan

Paiwan Scaro ngasaw

Bunun sowal finacadan

Bunun finacadan Po ngasaw 

Kawali Taywan Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan 

Ka’amisay sowal finacadan

Kavalan finacadan (ira ho ko sowal) 

Houhou finacadan

Ketagalan finacadan

Luilang finacadan

Pazih finacadan (palowad to sowal)[30]

Trobian finacadan

Linao finacadan 

Kaetip katimolay sowal finacadan

Siraya finacadan (palowad to sowal)

Makatao finacadan

Tajialiyang tamdaw

Fangsuo tamdaw

Langqiao tamdaw

Xiaoliuqiu tamdaw

Taivoan finacadan (palowad to sowal) [7]

=== Ponka (文化) ===
Pa’atayan ngangan (姓氏)

Tadamaan ko pa’atayan ngangan no Pinpu finacadan, nawhani masaPayrangay to, saka palasawad hananay to ko tadapa’atayan ngangan ato pipangangan a rocok no Pinpu finacadan, mialaay to tono Payrangan a pa’atayan, midotoc to mikadadoedoedo no finacadan ato sangasaw a pihamon, adihay to ko nipicamol to no Payrang tamdaw, Ngangay tamdaw, roma naikoran to no kalalood mafolaway a Payrang ira aca ko kasasiroma no pa’atayan ngangan, onini pa’atayan ngangan ato pafelian a mikadadoedoedo no finacadan, malo no Pinpu finacadan no niyah pihamonan ko tadamaanay pidotocan[31].

Pafalian a pa’atayan ngangan: Pan

Roma pa’atayan ngangan: Chen, Liu, Huang, Dai, Lai.

Tadamaan pa’atayan ngangan: Bing, Yue, Bang, Yi, Ji, Yi, Li, Mao, Mao, Tong, Nian, Dong, Yan, Ai, He, Cheng, Mai, Hou, Biao, Hong, Shuang, Jiao, Feng, Shi, Zhang, Zhui, Chu, Nai, Wei, Du, Zhen, Yu, Jie, Zhao, Yong, Hu, Zhen, Xie, Mai, Zhang, Xi, Yong, Yi, Jie, Bei, Liu, Shui, Li, Gang, Kun, Zhuo, Ya, Tuo, Mi, Wu, Xin, Kang, Zhang, Chang, Shuang, Gan, Zhuang.

=== Lisin (祭祀) ===
Itini i ka’oripan to romi’ami’adan ko kaira no lisin no Pinpu finacadan, ano sowalen, patodongan no lisin oya serayan a kinaira ko nito’ongan, o pakayraan no pidemak o nikaira no to’asan a pingodo. Siikeden, malitoloay ko pita’ong no Pinpu finacadan to tato’asan:

Comikayay to’asan lisin, mararid ko itiraay tenokan no Taywan a Pazeh finacadan, Papora finacadan,Taokas finacadan, pangangan no lisin itiyaay a lisin a kacomikayan ko todong, mahaenay a lisin roma matiyaay no kaemangay licekah kakomodan sakaira.

Katimolay Siraya finacadan, Makatao finacadan a to’asan lisin oya koreng ko todong tireng no to’asan a mita’ong, matiniay a pita’ong a lekakawa ato ’okak no to’asan pita’ong. Nika ngataay a Taivoan finacadan caay pita’ong to koreng, caay paso’elin t okaitira no to’asan i koreng, o paso’elinan tato’asan itiraay i kapolongan pita’omngan ko pipasayraan mipacakat to kawas.

Ka’amisan no Taywan a Pinpu finacadan Ketagalan finacadan, Kavalan finacadan ano eca Luilang finacadan, pita’ong to to’asan awaay ko todong kaitiraan a mita’ong.

=== Palowasd to serayan (文化復振) ===
Nawhani masaso’otay to ko kacacofel to Payrang, o lakakawa no Pinpu finacadan, sowal to ko kalaswadan. Aniniay hakasi ato teloc no Pinpu finacadan misa’icelay, mikadkad mikilim to lekakawa ato sowal no niyah. Oya Kavalan finacadan mahamon to no Conghuaminko a sifo, palao cecay no finacadan yincuminco no Taywan, oya Siraya finacadan o nano Taynansi a telekan a cecay finawlan a yincumin, itiraay Kompo no Kalingko a Taivoan finacadan, Makatao finacadan, Siraya finacadan o setekan no kofa a yincuminco, nanay masarocod ko pihayda no takarawan sifo no Conghuaminko a mihaydaan.

O Pinpu yincumin a Ketagalan finacadan, Pazih finacadan, Kahawu finacadan, Makatao finacadan, Hoanya finacadan, Papora finacadan, Taokas finacadan a kasafinacadan, nai 1990 miheca miteka palowad to kacingangan onto no Pinpu, mingitangit pihamon no sifo to sakacingangan to yincuminco a Pinpu finacadan[32].

O congtong ci Tsai Ingwen nai 2016 miheca 8 folad 1 romi’ad yicuminco romi’ad pasiyincuminco a mili’ay, miketon mipangalat kacitodong no lekakawa, o kacingangan no Pinpu finacadan citodong to sakacisalongoc ato sakatadamaan. Tangasa i 2016 miheca 10 folad 7 romi’ad misetek k oSincenyin misalof to kacingangan to yincumin, pa’ayaw fa’elohay pihayda t oPinpu finacadan o “Pinpu yincumin” [33], saan i 2017 miheca 8 folad 17 romi’ad mihayda to nipifalic a lalowadan no rikec[34].</text>
      <sha1>e0ioekfbw6kl84vf4xexaw0rskm15zb</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>46913</id>
      <parentid>46912</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-07-07T01:15:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Masaonikar</username>
        <id>570</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Palowasd to serayan (文化復振) */</comment>
      <origin>46913</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="20560" sha1="frcxlwywveqyul9srkf5iep9t3l4acx" xml:space="preserve">== Pinpu finacadan (平埔族群) ==
Pinpu finacadan, to hatiniay Pinpoco han ko pitahidang, o pisiiked to sapikown to yincumin no Taywan a tahidang koni[2]. O roma a tahidang o Kaosancu; ikor midoedo to mikingkiway, ponkaan, itiya a mafana’ to o ’alomanay a finacadan caay ko cecayay a finacadan sato, anini falican ko pitahidang o Pinpocu fuinacadan hanto. Oya ’alomanay Pinpuco finacadan tangsa anini caay ho haydaen no Conghuaminko sifo o yincuminco caira, dengan oya pakapian i ’Amis finacadan a Kavalan finacadan.

Pinpu finacadan i’ayaw no pikowan no netherland, spain itiya o “Aporicini-アボリジニ” han ko pitahidang; pikowan to no Mancin i, saheto o mapalatamdaway, maecakay finacadan[1], ato Nama no fan, wairudona fan sanay ko pasasi’ayaw[3]:12. Orasaka o Cori sareta, Aporicini-アボリジニ itiraay i “Dafdafay pala” (Pingti caopu), samasa o sowal pangangan o Pingpuah, Pucirin, Pingpufan (Payrang: Pi-poo-hoan; Inkiris Pepohoan[4][5][6]), onini “Pinpu” a sowal todong “Dafdaf” ano eca “enaray” sanay ko todong no sowal[7].

Tangasa to pikowan no Dipong a to’ek “Taywan Fancin demak” a tilidan o yincumin malitosa Kaosancu, Pinpuco[3]:13, kasaniyaro’ a Pinpuco finacadan ona palowaday to pifalic pala “Tongninco” sanay a syakay onto[5][8]. Tangasa no Conghuaminko to’ek a mikowan miteka o rayray no Pinpuco malasawaday to ko finacadan harateng, caay to pala o yincuminco cangra; ikor makerih to ko mikingkiway t ofinacadan no Taywan, onini likisi no Pinpuco miteka a masafaloco’ no syakay, nika o Pinpuco a finacadan ona oya “Pinpuco” koni finacadan, saan to ikor miliyaw a misilsil to kasasiiked masiroma[2][3]:18.

O Saisiyat ato Thao finadan ona nipacomodan i Pinpu a finacadan, nengnengen “Pinpuco”, “mapalatamdaway”, “maecakay finacadan” ato “manta’ finacadan” sanay ko pisiiked, onini o sakanga’ay no papotalay mikowan, caayay pidotoc to no yincuminco i nihamonan no niyah konini pisiiked, saka aniniay a pipangangan no Pinpu ano eca palowad to ngangan a onto. Tangasa 2022 miheca 10 folad 28 romi’ad, ono Conghuaminko kimpo a hoyin saki Silaya finacadan to kacingangan no yincumin a demak i, mihapiw to itiyaay ho “Rikec no kacingangan no yincumin” o caayay ka tatodong i kimpo, patodongen to tolo miheca ko pisalofan, mihayda to no Kaosancu a pisingsi malayincuminco o nano Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no Taywan, midotoc a pakayni sakacingangan nai tatapangan no rikec ko Pinpu finacadan[9].  

=== Likisi (歷史)   ===
O Pinpu a finacadan nai ’ayaw 17 sician katayni no Payrang i Taywan i, malesap nai ka’amis Yilan, Kilong tangasa katimol mililisay to saetip a riyar a dafdaf a sera, itira ira ko kasasiromaan no ponka, sowal, niyaro’ ko pihamon a saniyaro’an no sa’opo.

Pinpu a fuinacadan ka’amis nai Suaw ato Tayal a kasasilaed, katimol nai Fanliaw ato Paiwanfinacadan malalaed, ikor maepec no Payrang o roma i malinah tayra roma a pala, matiya o Hengcun, Puli, Kalingko Posong.

=== Pakayraan no sowal (詞源) ===
“Pinpu” a sowal a padotocan, manga’ay so’edacen nai Cingcao Yongceng pikowan Huangsujin “Taihai sicalu” (ikor no 1742 miheca), onini a tilid masowal ko “kasa Pinpu a saniyaro’” a sowal, ikor nai ci Chen Lunjiong a “Haikuo wencienlu” (1731 miheca) ira masadak ko “Pinpu yincumin” a sowal[3]:13.

Nawhani o ponka no yincumin macacofelay i no Payrang a finacadan, orasaka i ’ayaway no Payrang a rayray no likisi no Taywan masowal ko “Fan” [3]. Nai “Fan” a tilidan, pahecian a sowal a minengneng, “Fan” oya “macengelay” ato “omah” patatekoan, o maomahay a tamdaw sanay ko pitoro’, matiniay ko sa’orip. Nika, itini i romaay finacadan konengneng, “Fan” iraay ko mipelesay, miepecay a sowal[11].

I’ayaw yincumin no Taywan dengan o “niyaro’” ko iraay awaay ko “finacadan” sanay a latrkan[3]:12, orasaka o niyaro’ sato ko pitahidang. Tinako: Tacia kawaliay niyaro’ (tongsya) ato Tacia kaetipay niyaro’ “sisya” maro’ay, sacisowal sato o Tasya a tamdaw. O Pinpu finacadan ano eca Pinpu maecakay finacadan sanay a sowal i matiliday, o sapisiiked toya mangta’ay finacadan ato malafelay finacadan ato lotokay finacadan sanay ko pasasiromaan.

Talacawa nai 18 sician matilid no Mancin o Maecakay a Pinpu sanay ko pitahidang, mika itira i 19 sician mangalef ko nikasowal[4]. Rahodayen ko sowal, i 18 sician matilid o “Pinpu fan”, “Pinpu maecakay fan”, o patoro’ to itiraay i dafdafay no Pintong, dafdafay no Yilan, dafdafay no Posong ato dafdafay no Hengcun a yincumin finacadan. So’elinen ko sowal, o nisowalan no mita anini oya “Pinpu finacadan” tosaay ko pisimed to sasowalen: “Pinpu” ato “Maecakay finacadan”. O cecay a sowal “Pinpu” malifong i kasaniyaro’, oya “maecakay a finacadan” o sowal no mikowanay; nika soelinay, naikoran no Mancin, “Pinpu”, “Maecakay finacadan” itiraay i kasasiroma no finacadan, o mirarakatay a sdowal koni a pitahidang. O pisetek malecaday o pisiiked to sasiroma no sa’etal, tinako itiraay i Hencun, “Maecakay finacadan” snay a pisetek to micamolay to Payrang ato Yincumin, saka “Maecakay finacadan” a niyaro’ han ko pitahidang.  

=== Kasasiiked (分類) ===
Talacowa naira ko tamdawan, kasasiromaroma no tamdaw itiya to masasikihar ko ira ko “sasiiked no rocok”. Nika, kaira no tamdaw ira ko “finacadan” ato “finawlan” ko pisiiked to tamdaw o ikoray to ko nian, mangalef piteka no i’ayaw no 100 miheca picalap no micingcingay ato misatekeday ko pikowanan ho itiya. O Taywan saheto o “masiikeday ko finacadan” saka matiniay ko kamatira no to’ekan mapalowan.  

Ka Dipongan no Taywan o mitakedan a micowat ko pikowan to Taywan itiya, o patodong no pikowan, o pisapinangaw misolap ato sapinang to finacadan ato sera no Taywan, saan micowat misaiked to fanacadan no Taywan ko tayal (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b); tinako oya tayniay nai congko a Minan sa’etal a Ngayngay tamdaw palaPayrangen, ’ayaway nano Ngayngay palaNgayngayen ko pakika.

Miteka, hakasi no Dipong paretatenga oya maro’ay i dafdaf a Pinpu finacadan a yincumin malaPayrang to, dengan to oya “Pinpu finacadan” ano eca “Pinpufan” a nisowalan o pihaop aca, oya nisiikedan a finacadan palao “Takayamacu” patodong. Ikor, o hakasi no Dipong to mamalasawad a ponka no Pinpu finacadan ira to ko masatalolongay a nikafana’an saka, nanoya oya nisowalan a “Pinpu finacadan”, so’elinen halo adihayay kasasiroma no sowal, kasasiroma a ponka no finacadan.

Nikawrira, ’ayaw no 90 no mihecaan, o hakasi sakiPinpu finacadan masasiroma ko pisiiked, ira ko 7 finacadan 14 sangasaw, ira ko 8 finacadan, 9 finacadan, 10 finacadan, 12 finacadan sanay (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b).

Midotoc to aniniay mikingkiway pahecian, saki “Pinpu finacadan”, “Takayamacu” a kasasiiked, caay ko tataparan sanay masasiiked ko finawlan, o nano nai 17 sician ko nisanga’an a likisi, nawhani kasafinacadan a ’orip a sofal ato Palapayrangan a ko saka milafotay to calay. Roma a sowal, o nian “Pinpu finacadan” a kasasiroma no ponka, latek ikaka to cecay no “Pinpucu” ato cecay no “Takasakoco” a kasasiroma, o cecay no “Pinpu finacadan” ato cecay no “Takasako finacadan” latek oya cecayay a finacadan. Tinako sasowalen, nai sowal ato ponka ko pinengneng, samangataay to no ’Amis finacadan a Slaya, Taman ato Makataw finacadan no Taywan a Pinpu finacadan; o sowal ato Saysiyak finacadan mangata to Loylon finacadan no yincuminco.

=== Pakayraan no finacadan (族源) ===
Midoedo to no aniniay nipikingkiw misaheci, pakayraan no Pinpuco a ponka saheto o nai Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no Taywan. Onini a finacadan malesap itini i Taypinyang ato Intoyang, samaraayay manga’ay rapoten koya maraayay to Taywan a Easter Island ato Madagascar.

Dotocen ko kaitiraan, o itiraay i paka’amisay a finacadan no Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan i Taywan ko Pinpu a finacadan. So’elinen o I’ayaway no fa’elohay fokelohan a to’ek ko kaira ano eca talahakel i Taywan ko Pinpu finacadan, o nano mikiriyaray a finacadan. O piwacay no Yincuminco wiyinhuy to yincuminco no Taywan ato Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no hekal a kasakihar i pahapinang to o “nao Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan ko finacadan no Taywan, sakitamdawan ono Malay a tamdawan saka, o paka’amisay no Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan ko Taywan” saan[12].

==== No kaDipongan to’ek a pisilsil (日治時期的分類) ====
Saki Pinpu finacadan a pisilisil, awaay ko masongila’ay a kadadoedo no pisilsil i pikowan no Dipong to Taywan. Itira sa i Netherland a mikowan dengan sa o no kasaniyaro’ a ngangan, oraan sa ko pidoedoan kasasilsil no sa’etal, masa’isal ko pinapina sa’etal no finacadan. Ono i Mancin ni Huang Shujing to “Fansu liukao” a tilid i, malecad to pakayni kasasilsil a palaan misiiked a 13 niyaro’ ko yincumin funacadan.

Tangasa no Dipongan a to’ak, ona Ino Yoshinori, awaya den'nojo a “Taiwan yicumin mondai” (1900) a tilidan itiya to madadoedo ko pisilsil misiiked, ikor to ni Ino Yoshinori a “Taiwan yincumin seici” (1900) a tilidan, itiya masalof ko kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan, kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan ira: Ketagalan, Kavalan, Taokas, Pazih, Papora, Babuza, Arikun, Lloa, Siraya, Makattao 10 finacadan.

Oni Ino Yoshinori a nisiikedan kadadoedo o kacipinangan to pidoedoan, ona Igawa Kazo, Ogawa Tadayoshi, Mabuchi Toichi o pasadakay to kasasiiked siroma no pisilsil (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b). o kalaliyangan ira ko pinapina:

Pakayni to na 2 finacadan Arikun ato Lloa o papalacecayen ko finacadan: o roma a hakasi pasilacecay han koni 2 finacadan, o Hoanya a finacadan han saan. Nika midotoc to no hakasi ca Yung Kayin and Chung Yulan a pisapinang i, paretatenga to Hoanya alatek o nano Folaohua (Fan) a moraraway ko pipasetek. Ono finacadan to inika sasiroma no pihamon, pako niyah sa ko paratatenga.

’Eca ko malecaday to no Ketagalan a finacadan, ano eca padoedoen ho ko pisiiked. Pakayni to sowalan hakasi ca Tsuchida Shigeru aci Lee Inkee paretatenga a nisowalan, oya Ketagalan finacadan salongan malitoloay kasasiroma no sowal saan: Basay, Leilang ato Kulon. Oya Siraiya, Taivoan ato Makattao o masasiromaay ano eca o cecay a finacadan. Tangasa anini o ’alomanay a hakasi a midoedoan tono mikarkaray to notamdawan, sowalan ato lodisan masapinang, patongal no finacadan pihamon to niyah, paretatenga o na toloay ngasaw o masasiromaay caayay kalecad a yincuminco[13][14][15][16][17][18].   

Oni Ikawako no Zang itiniay ni Ino Kasunori saceker mapacomod ko Thao finacadan, o nano Pinpu finacadan ano eca o kaosanco finacadan.

==== Ikoray no kalalood a pisiiked (戰後的分類) ====
Pinapina mihecaan, no hakasi sakiPinpu finacadan a pisiiked, ira to ko fa’elohay a nengneng. No Dipong a hakasi ci Tsuchida Shigeru i 1985 mihecaan misiikedan (nengneng Tsuchida 1985), masiiked ko Pinpu finacadan to 12 finacadan: oya Kavalan, Basay, Ketagalan, Kulon, Taokas, Pazih, Papora, Babuza, Hoanya, Siraya, Makattao, Taivoan a finacadan.

Oni Li Yiyuan misiikedan to Pinpu finacadan masiiked 10 finacadan, oya Kavalan, Kentagalan, Luilang, Taokas, Papora, Babiza, Hoanya, Pazeh, Suisalien(Thau), Siraya finacadan[19]:14.  

Taywan sowalan hakasi ci Li Rengui ira ko masasiromaay a nengneng, nai 1996 miheca “Taywan Pinpu finacadan kasasiiked ato kasasikihar masiiked” a tilid, pasadak to 7 finacadan 14 ko sangasaw a nengneng: Thau, Kavalan, Ketagalan [5], Baburan [6], Pazih, Hoanya, Siraya. Ikor pakayni i sowal fa’elohay kasapinang, I 2006 miheca ato 2010 miheca mihapiw to nitilidan, oya Taivoan ato Makattao nai kaetipay Siraya amasadak[13][14].   

=== Kasamihecaan kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan. (歷年平埔族群分類)[20][21][22][23] ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
| colspan=&quot;19&quot; |'''歷年平埔族群分類'''
|-
|'''年代'''
|'''研究者'''
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; |'''族名'''
|-
|1904
|伊能嘉矩
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Vupuran
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Poavosa
|Arikun
|Lloa
|Pazzehe
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|Makattao
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1930
|移川子之藏
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Vupuran
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazeh
|Sao
|Tao
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1935
|小川尚義
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Vupuran
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazzehe
|Sao
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1944
|小川尚義
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|Luilang
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Papora
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazeh
|Sao
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1951
|張耀錡
|卡瓦蘭

（Kavalan）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |凱達格蘭

（Ketagalan）
|道卡斯

（Taokas）
|拍瀑拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴布薩

（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
|拍宰海

（Pazeh）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |西拉雅

（Siraya）
|四社熟番

（Taivoan）
|-
|1955
|李亦園
|噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|雷朗

（Luilang）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |凱達格蘭

（Ketagalan）
|道卡斯

（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |貓霧拺

（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |和安雅

（Hoanya）
|巴則海

（Pazeh）
|水沙連
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1970
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |台灣省通志
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |卡瓦蘭

（Kavalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |凱達格蘭

（Ketagalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |道卡斯

（Taokas）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |拍瀑拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴布薩

（Babuza／Poavasa）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅（Hoanya）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴則海

（Pazeh／Pazex）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
|Arikun
|Lloa
|馬卡道
|西拉雅
|四社熟番
|-
|1985-1991
|土田滋
|Kavalan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ketagalan
|Basay
|Kulon
|Taokas
|Papora
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazzahe
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|Makatao
|Siraya
|Taivoan
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1991
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |李壬癸
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |凱達格蘭（Ketagalan）
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |巴布薩（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴則海

（Pazeh）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |邵

（Thao）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
|雷朗（Luilang）
|哆囉美遠

（Trobian）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴賽（Basay）
|道卡斯（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
|貓霧拺（Babuza）
|費佛朗

（Favorlang）
|Makatao
|Siraya
|Taivoan
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1996
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |李壬癸
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |猴猴

（Qauqaut）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |凱達格蘭（Ketagalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |龜崙

（Kulon）
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |巴布蘭（Baburan）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴則海

（Pazeh）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |邵

（Thao）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
|雷朗（Luilang）
|哆囉美遠

（Trobian）
|馬賽（Basay）
|道卡斯（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
|貓霧拺（Babuza）
|費佛朗

（Favorlang）
|馬卡道（Makatao）
|西拉雅（Siraya）
|四社熟番（Taivoan）
|-
|2006-2010
|李壬癸
|噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |巴賽（凱達格蘭）

（Basay (Ketagalan)）
|龜崙

（Kulon）
|道卡斯

（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |貓霧拺（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
|巴宰

（Pazih）
|邵

（Thao）
|馬卡道（Makatao）
|西拉雅（Siraya）
|大武壠（Taivoan）
|}

=== Padetengan no finacadan (主要族群) ===
Ka’amis Taywan Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan

Tayal finacadan

Tayal Mie ngasaw

Kaetip ka’amis sowal finacadan

Saysyak finacadan (’ayaway pisiiked)

Kulon finacadan

Pazih finacadan

Pazih finacadan (palowad to sowal) [24][25]

Kahawu finacadan (palowad to sowal) [26][27][28]

Kaetip dafdafay sowal finacadan

Thao finacadan (’ayaway pisiiked)

Taokas finacadan (palowad to sowal) [29]

Papora finacadan

Babuza finacadan

Favorlang finacadan

Hoanya finacadan

Arikun finacadan

Lloa finacadan

Katimol Taywan Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan

Paiwan sowal finacadan

Paiwan Scaro ngasaw

Bunun sowal finacadan

Bunun finacadan Po ngasaw 

Kawali Taywan Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan 

Ka’amisay sowal finacadan

Kavalan finacadan (ira ho ko sowal) 

Houhou finacadan

Ketagalan finacadan

Luilang finacadan

Pazih finacadan (palowad to sowal)[30]

Trobian finacadan

Linao finacadan 

Kaetip katimolay sowal finacadan

Siraya finacadan (palowad to sowal)

Makatao finacadan

Tajialiyang tamdaw

Fangsuo tamdaw

Langqiao tamdaw

Xiaoliuqiu tamdaw

Taivoan finacadan (palowad to sowal) [7]

=== Ponka (文化) ===
Pa’atayan ngangan (姓氏)

Tadamaan ko pa’atayan ngangan no Pinpu finacadan, nawhani masaPayrangay to, saka palasawad hananay to ko tadapa’atayan ngangan ato pipangangan a rocok no Pinpu finacadan, mialaay to tono Payrangan a pa’atayan, midotoc to mikadadoedoedo no finacadan ato sangasaw a pihamon, adihay to ko nipicamol to no Payrang tamdaw, Ngangay tamdaw, roma naikoran to no kalalood mafolaway a Payrang ira aca ko kasasiroma no pa’atayan ngangan, onini pa’atayan ngangan ato pafelian a mikadadoedoedo no finacadan, malo no Pinpu finacadan no niyah pihamonan ko tadamaanay pidotocan[31].

Pafalian a pa’atayan ngangan: Pan

Roma pa’atayan ngangan: Chen, Liu, Huang, Dai, Lai.

Tadamaan pa’atayan ngangan: Bing, Yue, Bang, Yi, Ji, Yi, Li, Mao, Mao, Tong, Nian, Dong, Yan, Ai, He, Cheng, Mai, Hou, Biao, Hong, Shuang, Jiao, Feng, Shi, Zhang, Zhui, Chu, Nai, Wei, Du, Zhen, Yu, Jie, Zhao, Yong, Hu, Zhen, Xie, Mai, Zhang, Xi, Yong, Yi, Jie, Bei, Liu, Shui, Li, Gang, Kun, Zhuo, Ya, Tuo, Mi, Wu, Xin, Kang, Zhang, Chang, Shuang, Gan, Zhuang.

=== Lisin (祭祀) ===
Itini i ka’oripan to romi’ami’adan ko kaira no lisin no Pinpu finacadan, ano sowalen, patodongan no lisin oya serayan a kinaira ko nito’ongan, o pakayraan no pidemak o nikaira no to’asan a pingodo. Siikeden, malitoloay ko pita’ong no Pinpu finacadan to tato’asan:

Comikayay to’asan lisin, mararid ko itiraay tenokan no Taywan a Pazeh finacadan, Papora finacadan,Taokas finacadan, pangangan no lisin itiyaay a lisin a kacomikayan ko todong, mahaenay a lisin roma matiyaay no kaemangay licekah kakomodan sakaira.

Katimolay Siraya finacadan, Makatao finacadan a to’asan lisin oya koreng ko todong tireng no to’asan a mita’ong, matiniay a pita’ong a lekakawa ato ’okak no to’asan pita’ong. Nika ngataay a Taivoan finacadan caay pita’ong to koreng, caay paso’elin t okaitira no to’asan i koreng, o paso’elinan tato’asan itiraay i kapolongan pita’omngan ko pipasayraan mipacakat to kawas.

Ka’amisan no Taywan a Pinpu finacadan Ketagalan finacadan, Kavalan finacadan ano eca Luilang finacadan, pita’ong to to’asan awaay ko todong kaitiraan a mita’ong.

=== Palowasd to serayan (文化復振) ===
Nawhani masaso’otay to ko kacacofel to Payrang, o lakakawa no Pinpu finacadan, sowal to ko kalaswadan. Aniniay hakasi ato teloc no Pinpu finacadan misa’icelay, mikadkad mikilim to lekakawa ato sowal no niyah. Oya Kavalan finacadan mahamon to no Conghuaminko a sifo, palao cecay no finacadan yincuminco no Taywan, oya Siraya finacadan o nano Taynansi a telekan a cecay finawlan a yincumin, itiraay Kompo no Kalingko a Taivoan finacadan, Makatao finacadan, Siraya finacadan o setekan no kofa a yincuminco, nanay masarocod ko pihayda no takarawan sifo no Conghuaminko a mihaydaan.

O Pinpu yincumin a Ketagalan finacadan, Pazih finacadan, Kahawu finacadan, Makatao finacadan, Hoanya finacadan, Papora finacadan, Taokas finacadan a kasafinacadan, nai 1990 miheca miteka palowad to kacingangan onto no Pinpu, mingitangit pihamon no sifo to sakacingangan to yincuminco a Pinpu finacadan[32].

O congtong ci Tsai Ingwen nai 2016 miheca 8 folad 1 romi’ad yicuminco romi’ad pasiyincuminco a mili’ay, miketon mipangalat kacitodong no lekakawa, o kacingangan no Pinpu finacadan citodong to sakacisalongoc ato sakatadamaan. Tangasa i 2016 miheca 10 folad 7 romi’ad misetek k oSincenyin misalof to kacingangan to yincumin, pa’ayaw fa’elohay pihayda t oPinpu finacadan o “Pinpu yincumin” [33], saan i 2017 miheca 8 folad 17 romi’ad mihayda to nipifalic a lalowadan no rikec[34].

=== Finawlan ato kaliposak (人口與分佈) ===</text>
      <sha1>frcxlwywveqyul9srkf5iep9t3l4acx</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>46914</id>
      <parentid>46913</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-07-07T01:15:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Masaonikar</username>
        <id>570</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Finawlan ato kaliposak (人口與分佈) */</comment>
      <origin>46914</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="21070" sha1="hg7za31k3s2wml9i60rlhtqvnjq625u" xml:space="preserve">== Pinpu finacadan (平埔族群) ==
Pinpu finacadan, to hatiniay Pinpoco han ko pitahidang, o pisiiked to sapikown to yincumin no Taywan a tahidang koni[2]. O roma a tahidang o Kaosancu; ikor midoedo to mikingkiway, ponkaan, itiya a mafana’ to o ’alomanay a finacadan caay ko cecayay a finacadan sato, anini falican ko pitahidang o Pinpocu fuinacadan hanto. Oya ’alomanay Pinpuco finacadan tangsa anini caay ho haydaen no Conghuaminko sifo o yincuminco caira, dengan oya pakapian i ’Amis finacadan a Kavalan finacadan.

Pinpu finacadan i’ayaw no pikowan no netherland, spain itiya o “Aporicini-アボリジニ” han ko pitahidang; pikowan to no Mancin i, saheto o mapalatamdaway, maecakay finacadan[1], ato Nama no fan, wairudona fan sanay ko pasasi’ayaw[3]:12. Orasaka o Cori sareta, Aporicini-アボリジニ itiraay i “Dafdafay pala” (Pingti caopu), samasa o sowal pangangan o Pingpuah, Pucirin, Pingpufan (Payrang: Pi-poo-hoan; Inkiris Pepohoan[4][5][6]), onini “Pinpu” a sowal todong “Dafdaf” ano eca “enaray” sanay ko todong no sowal[7].

Tangasa to pikowan no Dipong a to’ek “Taywan Fancin demak” a tilidan o yincumin malitosa Kaosancu, Pinpuco[3]:13, kasaniyaro’ a Pinpuco finacadan ona palowaday to pifalic pala “Tongninco” sanay a syakay onto[5][8]. Tangasa no Conghuaminko to’ek a mikowan miteka o rayray no Pinpuco malasawaday to ko finacadan harateng, caay to pala o yincuminco cangra; ikor makerih to ko mikingkiway t ofinacadan no Taywan, onini likisi no Pinpuco miteka a masafaloco’ no syakay, nika o Pinpuco a finacadan ona oya “Pinpuco” koni finacadan, saan to ikor miliyaw a misilsil to kasasiiked masiroma[2][3]:18.

O Saisiyat ato Thao finadan ona nipacomodan i Pinpu a finacadan, nengnengen “Pinpuco”, “mapalatamdaway”, “maecakay finacadan” ato “manta’ finacadan” sanay ko pisiiked, onini o sakanga’ay no papotalay mikowan, caayay pidotoc to no yincuminco i nihamonan no niyah konini pisiiked, saka aniniay a pipangangan no Pinpu ano eca palowad to ngangan a onto. Tangasa 2022 miheca 10 folad 28 romi’ad, ono Conghuaminko kimpo a hoyin saki Silaya finacadan to kacingangan no yincumin a demak i, mihapiw to itiyaay ho “Rikec no kacingangan no yincumin” o caayay ka tatodong i kimpo, patodongen to tolo miheca ko pisalofan, mihayda to no Kaosancu a pisingsi malayincuminco o nano Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no Taywan, midotoc a pakayni sakacingangan nai tatapangan no rikec ko Pinpu finacadan[9].  

=== Likisi (歷史)   ===
O Pinpu a finacadan nai ’ayaw 17 sician katayni no Payrang i Taywan i, malesap nai ka’amis Yilan, Kilong tangasa katimol mililisay to saetip a riyar a dafdaf a sera, itira ira ko kasasiromaan no ponka, sowal, niyaro’ ko pihamon a saniyaro’an no sa’opo.

Pinpu a fuinacadan ka’amis nai Suaw ato Tayal a kasasilaed, katimol nai Fanliaw ato Paiwanfinacadan malalaed, ikor maepec no Payrang o roma i malinah tayra roma a pala, matiya o Hengcun, Puli, Kalingko Posong.

=== Pakayraan no sowal (詞源) ===
“Pinpu” a sowal a padotocan, manga’ay so’edacen nai Cingcao Yongceng pikowan Huangsujin “Taihai sicalu” (ikor no 1742 miheca), onini a tilid masowal ko “kasa Pinpu a saniyaro’” a sowal, ikor nai ci Chen Lunjiong a “Haikuo wencienlu” (1731 miheca) ira masadak ko “Pinpu yincumin” a sowal[3]:13.

Nawhani o ponka no yincumin macacofelay i no Payrang a finacadan, orasaka i ’ayaway no Payrang a rayray no likisi no Taywan masowal ko “Fan” [3]. Nai “Fan” a tilidan, pahecian a sowal a minengneng, “Fan” oya “macengelay” ato “omah” patatekoan, o maomahay a tamdaw sanay ko pitoro’, matiniay ko sa’orip. Nika, itini i romaay finacadan konengneng, “Fan” iraay ko mipelesay, miepecay a sowal[11].

I’ayaw yincumin no Taywan dengan o “niyaro’” ko iraay awaay ko “finacadan” sanay a latrkan[3]:12, orasaka o niyaro’ sato ko pitahidang. Tinako: Tacia kawaliay niyaro’ (tongsya) ato Tacia kaetipay niyaro’ “sisya” maro’ay, sacisowal sato o Tasya a tamdaw. O Pinpu finacadan ano eca Pinpu maecakay finacadan sanay a sowal i matiliday, o sapisiiked toya mangta’ay finacadan ato malafelay finacadan ato lotokay finacadan sanay ko pasasiromaan.

Talacawa nai 18 sician matilid no Mancin o Maecakay a Pinpu sanay ko pitahidang, mika itira i 19 sician mangalef ko nikasowal[4]. Rahodayen ko sowal, i 18 sician matilid o “Pinpu fan”, “Pinpu maecakay fan”, o patoro’ to itiraay i dafdafay no Pintong, dafdafay no Yilan, dafdafay no Posong ato dafdafay no Hengcun a yincumin finacadan. So’elinen ko sowal, o nisowalan no mita anini oya “Pinpu finacadan” tosaay ko pisimed to sasowalen: “Pinpu” ato “Maecakay finacadan”. O cecay a sowal “Pinpu” malifong i kasaniyaro’, oya “maecakay a finacadan” o sowal no mikowanay; nika soelinay, naikoran no Mancin, “Pinpu”, “Maecakay finacadan” itiraay i kasasiroma no finacadan, o mirarakatay a sdowal koni a pitahidang. O pisetek malecaday o pisiiked to sasiroma no sa’etal, tinako itiraay i Hencun, “Maecakay finacadan” snay a pisetek to micamolay to Payrang ato Yincumin, saka “Maecakay finacadan” a niyaro’ han ko pitahidang.  

=== Kasasiiked (分類) ===
Talacowa naira ko tamdawan, kasasiromaroma no tamdaw itiya to masasikihar ko ira ko “sasiiked no rocok”. Nika, kaira no tamdaw ira ko “finacadan” ato “finawlan” ko pisiiked to tamdaw o ikoray to ko nian, mangalef piteka no i’ayaw no 100 miheca picalap no micingcingay ato misatekeday ko pikowanan ho itiya. O Taywan saheto o “masiikeday ko finacadan” saka matiniay ko kamatira no to’ekan mapalowan.  

Ka Dipongan no Taywan o mitakedan a micowat ko pikowan to Taywan itiya, o patodong no pikowan, o pisapinangaw misolap ato sapinang to finacadan ato sera no Taywan, saan micowat misaiked to fanacadan no Taywan ko tayal (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b); tinako oya tayniay nai congko a Minan sa’etal a Ngayngay tamdaw palaPayrangen, ’ayaway nano Ngayngay palaNgayngayen ko pakika.

Miteka, hakasi no Dipong paretatenga oya maro’ay i dafdaf a Pinpu finacadan a yincumin malaPayrang to, dengan to oya “Pinpu finacadan” ano eca “Pinpufan” a nisowalan o pihaop aca, oya nisiikedan a finacadan palao “Takayamacu” patodong. Ikor, o hakasi no Dipong to mamalasawad a ponka no Pinpu finacadan ira to ko masatalolongay a nikafana’an saka, nanoya oya nisowalan a “Pinpu finacadan”, so’elinen halo adihayay kasasiroma no sowal, kasasiroma a ponka no finacadan.

Nikawrira, ’ayaw no 90 no mihecaan, o hakasi sakiPinpu finacadan masasiroma ko pisiiked, ira ko 7 finacadan 14 sangasaw, ira ko 8 finacadan, 9 finacadan, 10 finacadan, 12 finacadan sanay (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b).

Midotoc to aniniay mikingkiway pahecian, saki “Pinpu finacadan”, “Takayamacu” a kasasiiked, caay ko tataparan sanay masasiiked ko finawlan, o nano nai 17 sician ko nisanga’an a likisi, nawhani kasafinacadan a ’orip a sofal ato Palapayrangan a ko saka milafotay to calay. Roma a sowal, o nian “Pinpu finacadan” a kasasiroma no ponka, latek ikaka to cecay no “Pinpucu” ato cecay no “Takasakoco” a kasasiroma, o cecay no “Pinpu finacadan” ato cecay no “Takasako finacadan” latek oya cecayay a finacadan. Tinako sasowalen, nai sowal ato ponka ko pinengneng, samangataay to no ’Amis finacadan a Slaya, Taman ato Makataw finacadan no Taywan a Pinpu finacadan; o sowal ato Saysiyak finacadan mangata to Loylon finacadan no yincuminco.

=== Pakayraan no finacadan (族源) ===
Midoedo to no aniniay nipikingkiw misaheci, pakayraan no Pinpuco a ponka saheto o nai Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no Taywan. Onini a finacadan malesap itini i Taypinyang ato Intoyang, samaraayay manga’ay rapoten koya maraayay to Taywan a Easter Island ato Madagascar.

Dotocen ko kaitiraan, o itiraay i paka’amisay a finacadan no Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan i Taywan ko Pinpu a finacadan. So’elinen o I’ayaway no fa’elohay fokelohan a to’ek ko kaira ano eca talahakel i Taywan ko Pinpu finacadan, o nano mikiriyaray a finacadan. O piwacay no Yincuminco wiyinhuy to yincuminco no Taywan ato Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no hekal a kasakihar i pahapinang to o “nao Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan ko finacadan no Taywan, sakitamdawan ono Malay a tamdawan saka, o paka’amisay no Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan ko Taywan” saan[12].

==== No kaDipongan to’ek a pisilsil (日治時期的分類) ====
Saki Pinpu finacadan a pisilisil, awaay ko masongila’ay a kadadoedo no pisilsil i pikowan no Dipong to Taywan. Itira sa i Netherland a mikowan dengan sa o no kasaniyaro’ a ngangan, oraan sa ko pidoedoan kasasilsil no sa’etal, masa’isal ko pinapina sa’etal no finacadan. Ono i Mancin ni Huang Shujing to “Fansu liukao” a tilid i, malecad to pakayni kasasilsil a palaan misiiked a 13 niyaro’ ko yincumin funacadan.

Tangasa no Dipongan a to’ak, ona Ino Yoshinori, awaya den'nojo a “Taiwan yicumin mondai” (1900) a tilidan itiya to madadoedo ko pisilsil misiiked, ikor to ni Ino Yoshinori a “Taiwan yincumin seici” (1900) a tilidan, itiya masalof ko kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan, kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan ira: Ketagalan, Kavalan, Taokas, Pazih, Papora, Babuza, Arikun, Lloa, Siraya, Makattao 10 finacadan.

Oni Ino Yoshinori a nisiikedan kadadoedo o kacipinangan to pidoedoan, ona Igawa Kazo, Ogawa Tadayoshi, Mabuchi Toichi o pasadakay to kasasiiked siroma no pisilsil (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b). o kalaliyangan ira ko pinapina:

Pakayni to na 2 finacadan Arikun ato Lloa o papalacecayen ko finacadan: o roma a hakasi pasilacecay han koni 2 finacadan, o Hoanya a finacadan han saan. Nika midotoc to no hakasi ca Yung Kayin and Chung Yulan a pisapinang i, paretatenga to Hoanya alatek o nano Folaohua (Fan) a moraraway ko pipasetek. Ono finacadan to inika sasiroma no pihamon, pako niyah sa ko paratatenga.

’Eca ko malecaday to no Ketagalan a finacadan, ano eca padoedoen ho ko pisiiked. Pakayni to sowalan hakasi ca Tsuchida Shigeru aci Lee Inkee paretatenga a nisowalan, oya Ketagalan finacadan salongan malitoloay kasasiroma no sowal saan: Basay, Leilang ato Kulon. Oya Siraiya, Taivoan ato Makattao o masasiromaay ano eca o cecay a finacadan. Tangasa anini o ’alomanay a hakasi a midoedoan tono mikarkaray to notamdawan, sowalan ato lodisan masapinang, patongal no finacadan pihamon to niyah, paretatenga o na toloay ngasaw o masasiromaay caayay kalecad a yincuminco[13][14][15][16][17][18].   

Oni Ikawako no Zang itiniay ni Ino Kasunori saceker mapacomod ko Thao finacadan, o nano Pinpu finacadan ano eca o kaosanco finacadan.

==== Ikoray no kalalood a pisiiked (戰後的分類) ====
Pinapina mihecaan, no hakasi sakiPinpu finacadan a pisiiked, ira to ko fa’elohay a nengneng. No Dipong a hakasi ci Tsuchida Shigeru i 1985 mihecaan misiikedan (nengneng Tsuchida 1985), masiiked ko Pinpu finacadan to 12 finacadan: oya Kavalan, Basay, Ketagalan, Kulon, Taokas, Pazih, Papora, Babuza, Hoanya, Siraya, Makattao, Taivoan a finacadan.

Oni Li Yiyuan misiikedan to Pinpu finacadan masiiked 10 finacadan, oya Kavalan, Kentagalan, Luilang, Taokas, Papora, Babiza, Hoanya, Pazeh, Suisalien(Thau), Siraya finacadan[19]:14.  

Taywan sowalan hakasi ci Li Rengui ira ko masasiromaay a nengneng, nai 1996 miheca “Taywan Pinpu finacadan kasasiiked ato kasasikihar masiiked” a tilid, pasadak to 7 finacadan 14 ko sangasaw a nengneng: Thau, Kavalan, Ketagalan [5], Baburan [6], Pazih, Hoanya, Siraya. Ikor pakayni i sowal fa’elohay kasapinang, I 2006 miheca ato 2010 miheca mihapiw to nitilidan, oya Taivoan ato Makattao nai kaetipay Siraya amasadak[13][14].   

=== Kasamihecaan kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan. (歷年平埔族群分類)[20][21][22][23] ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
| colspan=&quot;19&quot; |'''歷年平埔族群分類'''
|-
|'''年代'''
|'''研究者'''
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; |'''族名'''
|-
|1904
|伊能嘉矩
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Vupuran
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Poavosa
|Arikun
|Lloa
|Pazzehe
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|Makattao
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1930
|移川子之藏
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Vupuran
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazeh
|Sao
|Tao
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1935
|小川尚義
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Vupuran
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazzehe
|Sao
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1944
|小川尚義
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|Luilang
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Papora
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazeh
|Sao
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1951
|張耀錡
|卡瓦蘭

（Kavalan）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |凱達格蘭

（Ketagalan）
|道卡斯

（Taokas）
|拍瀑拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴布薩

（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
|拍宰海

（Pazeh）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |西拉雅

（Siraya）
|四社熟番

（Taivoan）
|-
|1955
|李亦園
|噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|雷朗

（Luilang）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |凱達格蘭

（Ketagalan）
|道卡斯

（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |貓霧拺

（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |和安雅

（Hoanya）
|巴則海

（Pazeh）
|水沙連
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1970
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |台灣省通志
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |卡瓦蘭

（Kavalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |凱達格蘭

（Ketagalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |道卡斯

（Taokas）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |拍瀑拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴布薩

（Babuza／Poavasa）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅（Hoanya）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴則海

（Pazeh／Pazex）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
|Arikun
|Lloa
|馬卡道
|西拉雅
|四社熟番
|-
|1985-1991
|土田滋
|Kavalan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ketagalan
|Basay
|Kulon
|Taokas
|Papora
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazzahe
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|Makatao
|Siraya
|Taivoan
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1991
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |李壬癸
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |凱達格蘭（Ketagalan）
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |巴布薩（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴則海

（Pazeh）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |邵

（Thao）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
|雷朗（Luilang）
|哆囉美遠

（Trobian）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴賽（Basay）
|道卡斯（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
|貓霧拺（Babuza）
|費佛朗

（Favorlang）
|Makatao
|Siraya
|Taivoan
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1996
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |李壬癸
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |猴猴

（Qauqaut）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |凱達格蘭（Ketagalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |龜崙

（Kulon）
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |巴布蘭（Baburan）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴則海

（Pazeh）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |邵

（Thao）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
|雷朗（Luilang）
|哆囉美遠

（Trobian）
|馬賽（Basay）
|道卡斯（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
|貓霧拺（Babuza）
|費佛朗

（Favorlang）
|馬卡道（Makatao）
|西拉雅（Siraya）
|四社熟番（Taivoan）
|-
|2006-2010
|李壬癸
|噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |巴賽（凱達格蘭）

（Basay (Ketagalan)）
|龜崙

（Kulon）
|道卡斯

（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |貓霧拺（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
|巴宰

（Pazih）
|邵

（Thao）
|馬卡道（Makatao）
|西拉雅（Siraya）
|大武壠（Taivoan）
|}

=== Padetengan no finacadan (主要族群) ===
Ka’amis Taywan Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan

Tayal finacadan

Tayal Mie ngasaw

Kaetip ka’amis sowal finacadan

Saysyak finacadan (’ayaway pisiiked)

Kulon finacadan

Pazih finacadan

Pazih finacadan (palowad to sowal) [24][25]

Kahawu finacadan (palowad to sowal) [26][27][28]

Kaetip dafdafay sowal finacadan

Thao finacadan (’ayaway pisiiked)

Taokas finacadan (palowad to sowal) [29]

Papora finacadan

Babuza finacadan

Favorlang finacadan

Hoanya finacadan

Arikun finacadan

Lloa finacadan

Katimol Taywan Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan

Paiwan sowal finacadan

Paiwan Scaro ngasaw

Bunun sowal finacadan

Bunun finacadan Po ngasaw 

Kawali Taywan Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan 

Ka’amisay sowal finacadan

Kavalan finacadan (ira ho ko sowal) 

Houhou finacadan

Ketagalan finacadan

Luilang finacadan

Pazih finacadan (palowad to sowal)[30]

Trobian finacadan

Linao finacadan 

Kaetip katimolay sowal finacadan

Siraya finacadan (palowad to sowal)

Makatao finacadan

Tajialiyang tamdaw

Fangsuo tamdaw

Langqiao tamdaw

Xiaoliuqiu tamdaw

Taivoan finacadan (palowad to sowal) [7]

=== Ponka (文化) ===
Pa’atayan ngangan (姓氏)

Tadamaan ko pa’atayan ngangan no Pinpu finacadan, nawhani masaPayrangay to, saka palasawad hananay to ko tadapa’atayan ngangan ato pipangangan a rocok no Pinpu finacadan, mialaay to tono Payrangan a pa’atayan, midotoc to mikadadoedoedo no finacadan ato sangasaw a pihamon, adihay to ko nipicamol to no Payrang tamdaw, Ngangay tamdaw, roma naikoran to no kalalood mafolaway a Payrang ira aca ko kasasiroma no pa’atayan ngangan, onini pa’atayan ngangan ato pafelian a mikadadoedoedo no finacadan, malo no Pinpu finacadan no niyah pihamonan ko tadamaanay pidotocan[31].

Pafalian a pa’atayan ngangan: Pan

Roma pa’atayan ngangan: Chen, Liu, Huang, Dai, Lai.

Tadamaan pa’atayan ngangan: Bing, Yue, Bang, Yi, Ji, Yi, Li, Mao, Mao, Tong, Nian, Dong, Yan, Ai, He, Cheng, Mai, Hou, Biao, Hong, Shuang, Jiao, Feng, Shi, Zhang, Zhui, Chu, Nai, Wei, Du, Zhen, Yu, Jie, Zhao, Yong, Hu, Zhen, Xie, Mai, Zhang, Xi, Yong, Yi, Jie, Bei, Liu, Shui, Li, Gang, Kun, Zhuo, Ya, Tuo, Mi, Wu, Xin, Kang, Zhang, Chang, Shuang, Gan, Zhuang.

=== Lisin (祭祀) ===
Itini i ka’oripan to romi’ami’adan ko kaira no lisin no Pinpu finacadan, ano sowalen, patodongan no lisin oya serayan a kinaira ko nito’ongan, o pakayraan no pidemak o nikaira no to’asan a pingodo. Siikeden, malitoloay ko pita’ong no Pinpu finacadan to tato’asan:

Comikayay to’asan lisin, mararid ko itiraay tenokan no Taywan a Pazeh finacadan, Papora finacadan,Taokas finacadan, pangangan no lisin itiyaay a lisin a kacomikayan ko todong, mahaenay a lisin roma matiyaay no kaemangay licekah kakomodan sakaira.

Katimolay Siraya finacadan, Makatao finacadan a to’asan lisin oya koreng ko todong tireng no to’asan a mita’ong, matiniay a pita’ong a lekakawa ato ’okak no to’asan pita’ong. Nika ngataay a Taivoan finacadan caay pita’ong to koreng, caay paso’elin t okaitira no to’asan i koreng, o paso’elinan tato’asan itiraay i kapolongan pita’omngan ko pipasayraan mipacakat to kawas.

Ka’amisan no Taywan a Pinpu finacadan Ketagalan finacadan, Kavalan finacadan ano eca Luilang finacadan, pita’ong to to’asan awaay ko todong kaitiraan a mita’ong.

=== Palowasd to serayan (文化復振) ===
Nawhani masaso’otay to ko kacacofel to Payrang, o lakakawa no Pinpu finacadan, sowal to ko kalaswadan. Aniniay hakasi ato teloc no Pinpu finacadan misa’icelay, mikadkad mikilim to lekakawa ato sowal no niyah. Oya Kavalan finacadan mahamon to no Conghuaminko a sifo, palao cecay no finacadan yincuminco no Taywan, oya Siraya finacadan o nano Taynansi a telekan a cecay finawlan a yincumin, itiraay Kompo no Kalingko a Taivoan finacadan, Makatao finacadan, Siraya finacadan o setekan no kofa a yincuminco, nanay masarocod ko pihayda no takarawan sifo no Conghuaminko a mihaydaan.

O Pinpu yincumin a Ketagalan finacadan, Pazih finacadan, Kahawu finacadan, Makatao finacadan, Hoanya finacadan, Papora finacadan, Taokas finacadan a kasafinacadan, nai 1990 miheca miteka palowad to kacingangan onto no Pinpu, mingitangit pihamon no sifo to sakacingangan to yincuminco a Pinpu finacadan[32].

O congtong ci Tsai Ingwen nai 2016 miheca 8 folad 1 romi’ad yicuminco romi’ad pasiyincuminco a mili’ay, miketon mipangalat kacitodong no lekakawa, o kacingangan no Pinpu finacadan citodong to sakacisalongoc ato sakatadamaan. Tangasa i 2016 miheca 10 folad 7 romi’ad misetek k oSincenyin misalof to kacingangan to yincumin, pa’ayaw fa’elohay pihayda t oPinpu finacadan o “Pinpu yincumin” [33], saan i 2017 miheca 8 folad 17 romi’ad mihayda to nipifalic a lalowadan no rikec[34].

=== Finawlan ato kaliposak (人口與分佈) ===
O todong no Pinpu finacadan no Taywan a pipolong to tamdaw, sa’ayaway manengneng to no Netherland pikowan a pipalita to kika, o pisa’osi salongan 4 tangasa 6 ’ofadan itiya. Oya Makatao finacadan itini i Fongsan faloay niyaro’ mata’elifay ko ’ofadan satata’akay finacadan, saka tosa ’alomanay o itiniay i Tansui cepo’ a Kavalan finacadan[35]. O halafinay pikowan no Mancin mapalaPayrang to, pikowan to no Dipong kinapinapinaay mipalita, salongan i 4 tangasa 6 ’ofadan ko ka’aloman[36].  </text>
      <sha1>hg7za31k3s2wml9i60rlhtqvnjq625u</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>46915</id>
      <parentid>46914</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-07-07T01:15:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Masaonikar</username>
        <id>570</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Finawlan ato kaliposak (人口與分佈) */</comment>
      <origin>46915</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="21559" sha1="483mpbuva2nxoo8t80hk8s99p2e9rmp" xml:space="preserve">== Pinpu finacadan (平埔族群) ==
Pinpu finacadan, to hatiniay Pinpoco han ko pitahidang, o pisiiked to sapikown to yincumin no Taywan a tahidang koni[2]. O roma a tahidang o Kaosancu; ikor midoedo to mikingkiway, ponkaan, itiya a mafana’ to o ’alomanay a finacadan caay ko cecayay a finacadan sato, anini falican ko pitahidang o Pinpocu fuinacadan hanto. Oya ’alomanay Pinpuco finacadan tangsa anini caay ho haydaen no Conghuaminko sifo o yincuminco caira, dengan oya pakapian i ’Amis finacadan a Kavalan finacadan.

Pinpu finacadan i’ayaw no pikowan no netherland, spain itiya o “Aporicini-アボリジニ” han ko pitahidang; pikowan to no Mancin i, saheto o mapalatamdaway, maecakay finacadan[1], ato Nama no fan, wairudona fan sanay ko pasasi’ayaw[3]:12. Orasaka o Cori sareta, Aporicini-アボリジニ itiraay i “Dafdafay pala” (Pingti caopu), samasa o sowal pangangan o Pingpuah, Pucirin, Pingpufan (Payrang: Pi-poo-hoan; Inkiris Pepohoan[4][5][6]), onini “Pinpu” a sowal todong “Dafdaf” ano eca “enaray” sanay ko todong no sowal[7].

Tangasa to pikowan no Dipong a to’ek “Taywan Fancin demak” a tilidan o yincumin malitosa Kaosancu, Pinpuco[3]:13, kasaniyaro’ a Pinpuco finacadan ona palowaday to pifalic pala “Tongninco” sanay a syakay onto[5][8]. Tangasa no Conghuaminko to’ek a mikowan miteka o rayray no Pinpuco malasawaday to ko finacadan harateng, caay to pala o yincuminco cangra; ikor makerih to ko mikingkiway t ofinacadan no Taywan, onini likisi no Pinpuco miteka a masafaloco’ no syakay, nika o Pinpuco a finacadan ona oya “Pinpuco” koni finacadan, saan to ikor miliyaw a misilsil to kasasiiked masiroma[2][3]:18.

O Saisiyat ato Thao finadan ona nipacomodan i Pinpu a finacadan, nengnengen “Pinpuco”, “mapalatamdaway”, “maecakay finacadan” ato “manta’ finacadan” sanay ko pisiiked, onini o sakanga’ay no papotalay mikowan, caayay pidotoc to no yincuminco i nihamonan no niyah konini pisiiked, saka aniniay a pipangangan no Pinpu ano eca palowad to ngangan a onto. Tangasa 2022 miheca 10 folad 28 romi’ad, ono Conghuaminko kimpo a hoyin saki Silaya finacadan to kacingangan no yincumin a demak i, mihapiw to itiyaay ho “Rikec no kacingangan no yincumin” o caayay ka tatodong i kimpo, patodongen to tolo miheca ko pisalofan, mihayda to no Kaosancu a pisingsi malayincuminco o nano Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no Taywan, midotoc a pakayni sakacingangan nai tatapangan no rikec ko Pinpu finacadan[9].  

=== Likisi (歷史)   ===
O Pinpu a finacadan nai ’ayaw 17 sician katayni no Payrang i Taywan i, malesap nai ka’amis Yilan, Kilong tangasa katimol mililisay to saetip a riyar a dafdaf a sera, itira ira ko kasasiromaan no ponka, sowal, niyaro’ ko pihamon a saniyaro’an no sa’opo.

Pinpu a fuinacadan ka’amis nai Suaw ato Tayal a kasasilaed, katimol nai Fanliaw ato Paiwanfinacadan malalaed, ikor maepec no Payrang o roma i malinah tayra roma a pala, matiya o Hengcun, Puli, Kalingko Posong.

=== Pakayraan no sowal (詞源) ===
“Pinpu” a sowal a padotocan, manga’ay so’edacen nai Cingcao Yongceng pikowan Huangsujin “Taihai sicalu” (ikor no 1742 miheca), onini a tilid masowal ko “kasa Pinpu a saniyaro’” a sowal, ikor nai ci Chen Lunjiong a “Haikuo wencienlu” (1731 miheca) ira masadak ko “Pinpu yincumin” a sowal[3]:13.

Nawhani o ponka no yincumin macacofelay i no Payrang a finacadan, orasaka i ’ayaway no Payrang a rayray no likisi no Taywan masowal ko “Fan” [3]. Nai “Fan” a tilidan, pahecian a sowal a minengneng, “Fan” oya “macengelay” ato “omah” patatekoan, o maomahay a tamdaw sanay ko pitoro’, matiniay ko sa’orip. Nika, itini i romaay finacadan konengneng, “Fan” iraay ko mipelesay, miepecay a sowal[11].

I’ayaw yincumin no Taywan dengan o “niyaro’” ko iraay awaay ko “finacadan” sanay a latrkan[3]:12, orasaka o niyaro’ sato ko pitahidang. Tinako: Tacia kawaliay niyaro’ (tongsya) ato Tacia kaetipay niyaro’ “sisya” maro’ay, sacisowal sato o Tasya a tamdaw. O Pinpu finacadan ano eca Pinpu maecakay finacadan sanay a sowal i matiliday, o sapisiiked toya mangta’ay finacadan ato malafelay finacadan ato lotokay finacadan sanay ko pasasiromaan.

Talacawa nai 18 sician matilid no Mancin o Maecakay a Pinpu sanay ko pitahidang, mika itira i 19 sician mangalef ko nikasowal[4]. Rahodayen ko sowal, i 18 sician matilid o “Pinpu fan”, “Pinpu maecakay fan”, o patoro’ to itiraay i dafdafay no Pintong, dafdafay no Yilan, dafdafay no Posong ato dafdafay no Hengcun a yincumin finacadan. So’elinen ko sowal, o nisowalan no mita anini oya “Pinpu finacadan” tosaay ko pisimed to sasowalen: “Pinpu” ato “Maecakay finacadan”. O cecay a sowal “Pinpu” malifong i kasaniyaro’, oya “maecakay a finacadan” o sowal no mikowanay; nika soelinay, naikoran no Mancin, “Pinpu”, “Maecakay finacadan” itiraay i kasasiroma no finacadan, o mirarakatay a sdowal koni a pitahidang. O pisetek malecaday o pisiiked to sasiroma no sa’etal, tinako itiraay i Hencun, “Maecakay finacadan” snay a pisetek to micamolay to Payrang ato Yincumin, saka “Maecakay finacadan” a niyaro’ han ko pitahidang.  

=== Kasasiiked (分類) ===
Talacowa naira ko tamdawan, kasasiromaroma no tamdaw itiya to masasikihar ko ira ko “sasiiked no rocok”. Nika, kaira no tamdaw ira ko “finacadan” ato “finawlan” ko pisiiked to tamdaw o ikoray to ko nian, mangalef piteka no i’ayaw no 100 miheca picalap no micingcingay ato misatekeday ko pikowanan ho itiya. O Taywan saheto o “masiikeday ko finacadan” saka matiniay ko kamatira no to’ekan mapalowan.  

Ka Dipongan no Taywan o mitakedan a micowat ko pikowan to Taywan itiya, o patodong no pikowan, o pisapinangaw misolap ato sapinang to finacadan ato sera no Taywan, saan micowat misaiked to fanacadan no Taywan ko tayal (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b); tinako oya tayniay nai congko a Minan sa’etal a Ngayngay tamdaw palaPayrangen, ’ayaway nano Ngayngay palaNgayngayen ko pakika.

Miteka, hakasi no Dipong paretatenga oya maro’ay i dafdaf a Pinpu finacadan a yincumin malaPayrang to, dengan to oya “Pinpu finacadan” ano eca “Pinpufan” a nisowalan o pihaop aca, oya nisiikedan a finacadan palao “Takayamacu” patodong. Ikor, o hakasi no Dipong to mamalasawad a ponka no Pinpu finacadan ira to ko masatalolongay a nikafana’an saka, nanoya oya nisowalan a “Pinpu finacadan”, so’elinen halo adihayay kasasiroma no sowal, kasasiroma a ponka no finacadan.

Nikawrira, ’ayaw no 90 no mihecaan, o hakasi sakiPinpu finacadan masasiroma ko pisiiked, ira ko 7 finacadan 14 sangasaw, ira ko 8 finacadan, 9 finacadan, 10 finacadan, 12 finacadan sanay (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b).

Midotoc to aniniay mikingkiway pahecian, saki “Pinpu finacadan”, “Takayamacu” a kasasiiked, caay ko tataparan sanay masasiiked ko finawlan, o nano nai 17 sician ko nisanga’an a likisi, nawhani kasafinacadan a ’orip a sofal ato Palapayrangan a ko saka milafotay to calay. Roma a sowal, o nian “Pinpu finacadan” a kasasiroma no ponka, latek ikaka to cecay no “Pinpucu” ato cecay no “Takasakoco” a kasasiroma, o cecay no “Pinpu finacadan” ato cecay no “Takasako finacadan” latek oya cecayay a finacadan. Tinako sasowalen, nai sowal ato ponka ko pinengneng, samangataay to no ’Amis finacadan a Slaya, Taman ato Makataw finacadan no Taywan a Pinpu finacadan; o sowal ato Saysiyak finacadan mangata to Loylon finacadan no yincuminco.

=== Pakayraan no finacadan (族源) ===
Midoedo to no aniniay nipikingkiw misaheci, pakayraan no Pinpuco a ponka saheto o nai Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no Taywan. Onini a finacadan malesap itini i Taypinyang ato Intoyang, samaraayay manga’ay rapoten koya maraayay to Taywan a Easter Island ato Madagascar.

Dotocen ko kaitiraan, o itiraay i paka’amisay a finacadan no Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan i Taywan ko Pinpu a finacadan. So’elinen o I’ayaway no fa’elohay fokelohan a to’ek ko kaira ano eca talahakel i Taywan ko Pinpu finacadan, o nano mikiriyaray a finacadan. O piwacay no Yincuminco wiyinhuy to yincuminco no Taywan ato Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no hekal a kasakihar i pahapinang to o “nao Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan ko finacadan no Taywan, sakitamdawan ono Malay a tamdawan saka, o paka’amisay no Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan ko Taywan” saan[12].

==== No kaDipongan to’ek a pisilsil (日治時期的分類) ====
Saki Pinpu finacadan a pisilisil, awaay ko masongila’ay a kadadoedo no pisilsil i pikowan no Dipong to Taywan. Itira sa i Netherland a mikowan dengan sa o no kasaniyaro’ a ngangan, oraan sa ko pidoedoan kasasilsil no sa’etal, masa’isal ko pinapina sa’etal no finacadan. Ono i Mancin ni Huang Shujing to “Fansu liukao” a tilid i, malecad to pakayni kasasilsil a palaan misiiked a 13 niyaro’ ko yincumin funacadan.

Tangasa no Dipongan a to’ak, ona Ino Yoshinori, awaya den'nojo a “Taiwan yicumin mondai” (1900) a tilidan itiya to madadoedo ko pisilsil misiiked, ikor to ni Ino Yoshinori a “Taiwan yincumin seici” (1900) a tilidan, itiya masalof ko kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan, kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan ira: Ketagalan, Kavalan, Taokas, Pazih, Papora, Babuza, Arikun, Lloa, Siraya, Makattao 10 finacadan.

Oni Ino Yoshinori a nisiikedan kadadoedo o kacipinangan to pidoedoan, ona Igawa Kazo, Ogawa Tadayoshi, Mabuchi Toichi o pasadakay to kasasiiked siroma no pisilsil (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b). o kalaliyangan ira ko pinapina:

Pakayni to na 2 finacadan Arikun ato Lloa o papalacecayen ko finacadan: o roma a hakasi pasilacecay han koni 2 finacadan, o Hoanya a finacadan han saan. Nika midotoc to no hakasi ca Yung Kayin and Chung Yulan a pisapinang i, paretatenga to Hoanya alatek o nano Folaohua (Fan) a moraraway ko pipasetek. Ono finacadan to inika sasiroma no pihamon, pako niyah sa ko paratatenga.

’Eca ko malecaday to no Ketagalan a finacadan, ano eca padoedoen ho ko pisiiked. Pakayni to sowalan hakasi ca Tsuchida Shigeru aci Lee Inkee paretatenga a nisowalan, oya Ketagalan finacadan salongan malitoloay kasasiroma no sowal saan: Basay, Leilang ato Kulon. Oya Siraiya, Taivoan ato Makattao o masasiromaay ano eca o cecay a finacadan. Tangasa anini o ’alomanay a hakasi a midoedoan tono mikarkaray to notamdawan, sowalan ato lodisan masapinang, patongal no finacadan pihamon to niyah, paretatenga o na toloay ngasaw o masasiromaay caayay kalecad a yincuminco[13][14][15][16][17][18].   

Oni Ikawako no Zang itiniay ni Ino Kasunori saceker mapacomod ko Thao finacadan, o nano Pinpu finacadan ano eca o kaosanco finacadan.

==== Ikoray no kalalood a pisiiked (戰後的分類) ====
Pinapina mihecaan, no hakasi sakiPinpu finacadan a pisiiked, ira to ko fa’elohay a nengneng. No Dipong a hakasi ci Tsuchida Shigeru i 1985 mihecaan misiikedan (nengneng Tsuchida 1985), masiiked ko Pinpu finacadan to 12 finacadan: oya Kavalan, Basay, Ketagalan, Kulon, Taokas, Pazih, Papora, Babuza, Hoanya, Siraya, Makattao, Taivoan a finacadan.

Oni Li Yiyuan misiikedan to Pinpu finacadan masiiked 10 finacadan, oya Kavalan, Kentagalan, Luilang, Taokas, Papora, Babiza, Hoanya, Pazeh, Suisalien(Thau), Siraya finacadan[19]:14.  

Taywan sowalan hakasi ci Li Rengui ira ko masasiromaay a nengneng, nai 1996 miheca “Taywan Pinpu finacadan kasasiiked ato kasasikihar masiiked” a tilid, pasadak to 7 finacadan 14 ko sangasaw a nengneng: Thau, Kavalan, Ketagalan [5], Baburan [6], Pazih, Hoanya, Siraya. Ikor pakayni i sowal fa’elohay kasapinang, I 2006 miheca ato 2010 miheca mihapiw to nitilidan, oya Taivoan ato Makattao nai kaetipay Siraya amasadak[13][14].   

=== Kasamihecaan kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan. (歷年平埔族群分類)[20][21][22][23] ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
| colspan=&quot;19&quot; |'''歷年平埔族群分類'''
|-
|'''年代'''
|'''研究者'''
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; |'''族名'''
|-
|1904
|伊能嘉矩
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Vupuran
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Poavosa
|Arikun
|Lloa
|Pazzehe
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|Makattao
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1930
|移川子之藏
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Vupuran
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazeh
|Sao
|Tao
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1935
|小川尚義
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Vupuran
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazzehe
|Sao
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1944
|小川尚義
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|Luilang
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Papora
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazeh
|Sao
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1951
|張耀錡
|卡瓦蘭

（Kavalan）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |凱達格蘭

（Ketagalan）
|道卡斯

（Taokas）
|拍瀑拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴布薩

（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
|拍宰海

（Pazeh）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |西拉雅

（Siraya）
|四社熟番

（Taivoan）
|-
|1955
|李亦園
|噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|雷朗

（Luilang）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |凱達格蘭

（Ketagalan）
|道卡斯

（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |貓霧拺

（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |和安雅

（Hoanya）
|巴則海

（Pazeh）
|水沙連
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1970
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |台灣省通志
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |卡瓦蘭

（Kavalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |凱達格蘭

（Ketagalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |道卡斯

（Taokas）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |拍瀑拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴布薩

（Babuza／Poavasa）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅（Hoanya）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴則海

（Pazeh／Pazex）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
|Arikun
|Lloa
|馬卡道
|西拉雅
|四社熟番
|-
|1985-1991
|土田滋
|Kavalan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ketagalan
|Basay
|Kulon
|Taokas
|Papora
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazzahe
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|Makatao
|Siraya
|Taivoan
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1991
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |李壬癸
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |凱達格蘭（Ketagalan）
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |巴布薩（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴則海

（Pazeh）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |邵

（Thao）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
|雷朗（Luilang）
|哆囉美遠

（Trobian）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴賽（Basay）
|道卡斯（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
|貓霧拺（Babuza）
|費佛朗

（Favorlang）
|Makatao
|Siraya
|Taivoan
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1996
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |李壬癸
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |猴猴

（Qauqaut）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |凱達格蘭（Ketagalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |龜崙

（Kulon）
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |巴布蘭（Baburan）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴則海

（Pazeh）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |邵

（Thao）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
|雷朗（Luilang）
|哆囉美遠

（Trobian）
|馬賽（Basay）
|道卡斯（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
|貓霧拺（Babuza）
|費佛朗

（Favorlang）
|馬卡道（Makatao）
|西拉雅（Siraya）
|四社熟番（Taivoan）
|-
|2006-2010
|李壬癸
|噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |巴賽（凱達格蘭）

（Basay (Ketagalan)）
|龜崙

（Kulon）
|道卡斯

（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |貓霧拺（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
|巴宰

（Pazih）
|邵

（Thao）
|馬卡道（Makatao）
|西拉雅（Siraya）
|大武壠（Taivoan）
|}

=== Padetengan no finacadan (主要族群) ===
Ka’amis Taywan Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan

Tayal finacadan

Tayal Mie ngasaw

Kaetip ka’amis sowal finacadan

Saysyak finacadan (’ayaway pisiiked)

Kulon finacadan

Pazih finacadan

Pazih finacadan (palowad to sowal) [24][25]

Kahawu finacadan (palowad to sowal) [26][27][28]

Kaetip dafdafay sowal finacadan

Thao finacadan (’ayaway pisiiked)

Taokas finacadan (palowad to sowal) [29]

Papora finacadan

Babuza finacadan

Favorlang finacadan

Hoanya finacadan

Arikun finacadan

Lloa finacadan

Katimol Taywan Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan

Paiwan sowal finacadan

Paiwan Scaro ngasaw

Bunun sowal finacadan

Bunun finacadan Po ngasaw 

Kawali Taywan Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan 

Ka’amisay sowal finacadan

Kavalan finacadan (ira ho ko sowal) 

Houhou finacadan

Ketagalan finacadan

Luilang finacadan

Pazih finacadan (palowad to sowal)[30]

Trobian finacadan

Linao finacadan 

Kaetip katimolay sowal finacadan

Siraya finacadan (palowad to sowal)

Makatao finacadan

Tajialiyang tamdaw

Fangsuo tamdaw

Langqiao tamdaw

Xiaoliuqiu tamdaw

Taivoan finacadan (palowad to sowal) [7]

=== Ponka (文化) ===
Pa’atayan ngangan (姓氏)

Tadamaan ko pa’atayan ngangan no Pinpu finacadan, nawhani masaPayrangay to, saka palasawad hananay to ko tadapa’atayan ngangan ato pipangangan a rocok no Pinpu finacadan, mialaay to tono Payrangan a pa’atayan, midotoc to mikadadoedoedo no finacadan ato sangasaw a pihamon, adihay to ko nipicamol to no Payrang tamdaw, Ngangay tamdaw, roma naikoran to no kalalood mafolaway a Payrang ira aca ko kasasiroma no pa’atayan ngangan, onini pa’atayan ngangan ato pafelian a mikadadoedoedo no finacadan, malo no Pinpu finacadan no niyah pihamonan ko tadamaanay pidotocan[31].

Pafalian a pa’atayan ngangan: Pan

Roma pa’atayan ngangan: Chen, Liu, Huang, Dai, Lai.

Tadamaan pa’atayan ngangan: Bing, Yue, Bang, Yi, Ji, Yi, Li, Mao, Mao, Tong, Nian, Dong, Yan, Ai, He, Cheng, Mai, Hou, Biao, Hong, Shuang, Jiao, Feng, Shi, Zhang, Zhui, Chu, Nai, Wei, Du, Zhen, Yu, Jie, Zhao, Yong, Hu, Zhen, Xie, Mai, Zhang, Xi, Yong, Yi, Jie, Bei, Liu, Shui, Li, Gang, Kun, Zhuo, Ya, Tuo, Mi, Wu, Xin, Kang, Zhang, Chang, Shuang, Gan, Zhuang.

=== Lisin (祭祀) ===
Itini i ka’oripan to romi’ami’adan ko kaira no lisin no Pinpu finacadan, ano sowalen, patodongan no lisin oya serayan a kinaira ko nito’ongan, o pakayraan no pidemak o nikaira no to’asan a pingodo. Siikeden, malitoloay ko pita’ong no Pinpu finacadan to tato’asan:

Comikayay to’asan lisin, mararid ko itiraay tenokan no Taywan a Pazeh finacadan, Papora finacadan,Taokas finacadan, pangangan no lisin itiyaay a lisin a kacomikayan ko todong, mahaenay a lisin roma matiyaay no kaemangay licekah kakomodan sakaira.

Katimolay Siraya finacadan, Makatao finacadan a to’asan lisin oya koreng ko todong tireng no to’asan a mita’ong, matiniay a pita’ong a lekakawa ato ’okak no to’asan pita’ong. Nika ngataay a Taivoan finacadan caay pita’ong to koreng, caay paso’elin t okaitira no to’asan i koreng, o paso’elinan tato’asan itiraay i kapolongan pita’omngan ko pipasayraan mipacakat to kawas.

Ka’amisan no Taywan a Pinpu finacadan Ketagalan finacadan, Kavalan finacadan ano eca Luilang finacadan, pita’ong to to’asan awaay ko todong kaitiraan a mita’ong.

=== Palowasd to serayan (文化復振) ===
Nawhani masaso’otay to ko kacacofel to Payrang, o lakakawa no Pinpu finacadan, sowal to ko kalaswadan. Aniniay hakasi ato teloc no Pinpu finacadan misa’icelay, mikadkad mikilim to lekakawa ato sowal no niyah. Oya Kavalan finacadan mahamon to no Conghuaminko a sifo, palao cecay no finacadan yincuminco no Taywan, oya Siraya finacadan o nano Taynansi a telekan a cecay finawlan a yincumin, itiraay Kompo no Kalingko a Taivoan finacadan, Makatao finacadan, Siraya finacadan o setekan no kofa a yincuminco, nanay masarocod ko pihayda no takarawan sifo no Conghuaminko a mihaydaan.

O Pinpu yincumin a Ketagalan finacadan, Pazih finacadan, Kahawu finacadan, Makatao finacadan, Hoanya finacadan, Papora finacadan, Taokas finacadan a kasafinacadan, nai 1990 miheca miteka palowad to kacingangan onto no Pinpu, mingitangit pihamon no sifo to sakacingangan to yincuminco a Pinpu finacadan[32].

O congtong ci Tsai Ingwen nai 2016 miheca 8 folad 1 romi’ad yicuminco romi’ad pasiyincuminco a mili’ay, miketon mipangalat kacitodong no lekakawa, o kacingangan no Pinpu finacadan citodong to sakacisalongoc ato sakatadamaan. Tangasa i 2016 miheca 10 folad 7 romi’ad misetek k oSincenyin misalof to kacingangan to yincumin, pa’ayaw fa’elohay pihayda t oPinpu finacadan o “Pinpu yincumin” [33], saan i 2017 miheca 8 folad 17 romi’ad mihayda to nipifalic a lalowadan no rikec[34].

=== Finawlan ato kaliposak (人口與分佈) ===
O todong no Pinpu finacadan no Taywan a pipolong to tamdaw, sa’ayaway manengneng to no Netherland pikowan a pipalita to kika, o pisa’osi salongan 4 tangasa 6 ’ofadan itiya. Oya Makatao finacadan itini i Fongsan faloay niyaro’ mata’elifay ko ’ofadan satata’akay finacadan, saka tosa ’alomanay o itiniay i Tansui cepo’ a Kavalan finacadan[35]. O halafinay pikowan no Mancin mapalaPayrang to, pikowan to no Dipong kinapinapinaay mipalita, salongan i 4 tangasa 6 ’ofadan ko ka’aloman[36].  

I 1915 miheca a pipalitaan pahapinang, o Pinpu finacadan tamdaw o i Akao sakowan (aniniay Takaosi, Pintong sa’etal) ko sa’alomanay, makilatosaay no maecakay Fan finacadan ko tamdaw, saheto o aniniay Makatao ato Taivoan pa’atayan a finawlan. Kadadoedo o Taynan sakowan, Nanto sakowan, Kalingko sakowan, macalap ko 30% Pinpu finacadan tamdaw. Manengneng to itiniay tenokan ka’amisay sa’etal no Taywan, dengan o Yilan, Nanto i, kaitiraan no Pinpu finacadan caay toka’aloman[37].</text>
      <sha1>483mpbuva2nxoo8t80hk8s99p2e9rmp</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>46916</id>
      <parentid>46915</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-07-07T01:16:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Masaonikar</username>
        <id>570</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Finawlan ato kaliposak (人口與分佈) */</comment>
      <origin>46916</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="21944" sha1="tmfztw5n9hbsrt3ir08xbhmu6naomi3" xml:space="preserve">== Pinpu finacadan (平埔族群) ==
Pinpu finacadan, to hatiniay Pinpoco han ko pitahidang, o pisiiked to sapikown to yincumin no Taywan a tahidang koni[2]. O roma a tahidang o Kaosancu; ikor midoedo to mikingkiway, ponkaan, itiya a mafana’ to o ’alomanay a finacadan caay ko cecayay a finacadan sato, anini falican ko pitahidang o Pinpocu fuinacadan hanto. Oya ’alomanay Pinpuco finacadan tangsa anini caay ho haydaen no Conghuaminko sifo o yincuminco caira, dengan oya pakapian i ’Amis finacadan a Kavalan finacadan.

Pinpu finacadan i’ayaw no pikowan no netherland, spain itiya o “Aporicini-アボリジニ” han ko pitahidang; pikowan to no Mancin i, saheto o mapalatamdaway, maecakay finacadan[1], ato Nama no fan, wairudona fan sanay ko pasasi’ayaw[3]:12. Orasaka o Cori sareta, Aporicini-アボリジニ itiraay i “Dafdafay pala” (Pingti caopu), samasa o sowal pangangan o Pingpuah, Pucirin, Pingpufan (Payrang: Pi-poo-hoan; Inkiris Pepohoan[4][5][6]), onini “Pinpu” a sowal todong “Dafdaf” ano eca “enaray” sanay ko todong no sowal[7].

Tangasa to pikowan no Dipong a to’ek “Taywan Fancin demak” a tilidan o yincumin malitosa Kaosancu, Pinpuco[3]:13, kasaniyaro’ a Pinpuco finacadan ona palowaday to pifalic pala “Tongninco” sanay a syakay onto[5][8]. Tangasa no Conghuaminko to’ek a mikowan miteka o rayray no Pinpuco malasawaday to ko finacadan harateng, caay to pala o yincuminco cangra; ikor makerih to ko mikingkiway t ofinacadan no Taywan, onini likisi no Pinpuco miteka a masafaloco’ no syakay, nika o Pinpuco a finacadan ona oya “Pinpuco” koni finacadan, saan to ikor miliyaw a misilsil to kasasiiked masiroma[2][3]:18.

O Saisiyat ato Thao finadan ona nipacomodan i Pinpu a finacadan, nengnengen “Pinpuco”, “mapalatamdaway”, “maecakay finacadan” ato “manta’ finacadan” sanay ko pisiiked, onini o sakanga’ay no papotalay mikowan, caayay pidotoc to no yincuminco i nihamonan no niyah konini pisiiked, saka aniniay a pipangangan no Pinpu ano eca palowad to ngangan a onto. Tangasa 2022 miheca 10 folad 28 romi’ad, ono Conghuaminko kimpo a hoyin saki Silaya finacadan to kacingangan no yincumin a demak i, mihapiw to itiyaay ho “Rikec no kacingangan no yincumin” o caayay ka tatodong i kimpo, patodongen to tolo miheca ko pisalofan, mihayda to no Kaosancu a pisingsi malayincuminco o nano Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no Taywan, midotoc a pakayni sakacingangan nai tatapangan no rikec ko Pinpu finacadan[9].  

=== Likisi (歷史)   ===
O Pinpu a finacadan nai ’ayaw 17 sician katayni no Payrang i Taywan i, malesap nai ka’amis Yilan, Kilong tangasa katimol mililisay to saetip a riyar a dafdaf a sera, itira ira ko kasasiromaan no ponka, sowal, niyaro’ ko pihamon a saniyaro’an no sa’opo.

Pinpu a fuinacadan ka’amis nai Suaw ato Tayal a kasasilaed, katimol nai Fanliaw ato Paiwanfinacadan malalaed, ikor maepec no Payrang o roma i malinah tayra roma a pala, matiya o Hengcun, Puli, Kalingko Posong.

=== Pakayraan no sowal (詞源) ===
“Pinpu” a sowal a padotocan, manga’ay so’edacen nai Cingcao Yongceng pikowan Huangsujin “Taihai sicalu” (ikor no 1742 miheca), onini a tilid masowal ko “kasa Pinpu a saniyaro’” a sowal, ikor nai ci Chen Lunjiong a “Haikuo wencienlu” (1731 miheca) ira masadak ko “Pinpu yincumin” a sowal[3]:13.

Nawhani o ponka no yincumin macacofelay i no Payrang a finacadan, orasaka i ’ayaway no Payrang a rayray no likisi no Taywan masowal ko “Fan” [3]. Nai “Fan” a tilidan, pahecian a sowal a minengneng, “Fan” oya “macengelay” ato “omah” patatekoan, o maomahay a tamdaw sanay ko pitoro’, matiniay ko sa’orip. Nika, itini i romaay finacadan konengneng, “Fan” iraay ko mipelesay, miepecay a sowal[11].

I’ayaw yincumin no Taywan dengan o “niyaro’” ko iraay awaay ko “finacadan” sanay a latrkan[3]:12, orasaka o niyaro’ sato ko pitahidang. Tinako: Tacia kawaliay niyaro’ (tongsya) ato Tacia kaetipay niyaro’ “sisya” maro’ay, sacisowal sato o Tasya a tamdaw. O Pinpu finacadan ano eca Pinpu maecakay finacadan sanay a sowal i matiliday, o sapisiiked toya mangta’ay finacadan ato malafelay finacadan ato lotokay finacadan sanay ko pasasiromaan.

Talacawa nai 18 sician matilid no Mancin o Maecakay a Pinpu sanay ko pitahidang, mika itira i 19 sician mangalef ko nikasowal[4]. Rahodayen ko sowal, i 18 sician matilid o “Pinpu fan”, “Pinpu maecakay fan”, o patoro’ to itiraay i dafdafay no Pintong, dafdafay no Yilan, dafdafay no Posong ato dafdafay no Hengcun a yincumin finacadan. So’elinen ko sowal, o nisowalan no mita anini oya “Pinpu finacadan” tosaay ko pisimed to sasowalen: “Pinpu” ato “Maecakay finacadan”. O cecay a sowal “Pinpu” malifong i kasaniyaro’, oya “maecakay a finacadan” o sowal no mikowanay; nika soelinay, naikoran no Mancin, “Pinpu”, “Maecakay finacadan” itiraay i kasasiroma no finacadan, o mirarakatay a sdowal koni a pitahidang. O pisetek malecaday o pisiiked to sasiroma no sa’etal, tinako itiraay i Hencun, “Maecakay finacadan” snay a pisetek to micamolay to Payrang ato Yincumin, saka “Maecakay finacadan” a niyaro’ han ko pitahidang.  

=== Kasasiiked (分類) ===
Talacowa naira ko tamdawan, kasasiromaroma no tamdaw itiya to masasikihar ko ira ko “sasiiked no rocok”. Nika, kaira no tamdaw ira ko “finacadan” ato “finawlan” ko pisiiked to tamdaw o ikoray to ko nian, mangalef piteka no i’ayaw no 100 miheca picalap no micingcingay ato misatekeday ko pikowanan ho itiya. O Taywan saheto o “masiikeday ko finacadan” saka matiniay ko kamatira no to’ekan mapalowan.  

Ka Dipongan no Taywan o mitakedan a micowat ko pikowan to Taywan itiya, o patodong no pikowan, o pisapinangaw misolap ato sapinang to finacadan ato sera no Taywan, saan micowat misaiked to fanacadan no Taywan ko tayal (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b); tinako oya tayniay nai congko a Minan sa’etal a Ngayngay tamdaw palaPayrangen, ’ayaway nano Ngayngay palaNgayngayen ko pakika.

Miteka, hakasi no Dipong paretatenga oya maro’ay i dafdaf a Pinpu finacadan a yincumin malaPayrang to, dengan to oya “Pinpu finacadan” ano eca “Pinpufan” a nisowalan o pihaop aca, oya nisiikedan a finacadan palao “Takayamacu” patodong. Ikor, o hakasi no Dipong to mamalasawad a ponka no Pinpu finacadan ira to ko masatalolongay a nikafana’an saka, nanoya oya nisowalan a “Pinpu finacadan”, so’elinen halo adihayay kasasiroma no sowal, kasasiroma a ponka no finacadan.

Nikawrira, ’ayaw no 90 no mihecaan, o hakasi sakiPinpu finacadan masasiroma ko pisiiked, ira ko 7 finacadan 14 sangasaw, ira ko 8 finacadan, 9 finacadan, 10 finacadan, 12 finacadan sanay (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b).

Midotoc to aniniay mikingkiway pahecian, saki “Pinpu finacadan”, “Takayamacu” a kasasiiked, caay ko tataparan sanay masasiiked ko finawlan, o nano nai 17 sician ko nisanga’an a likisi, nawhani kasafinacadan a ’orip a sofal ato Palapayrangan a ko saka milafotay to calay. Roma a sowal, o nian “Pinpu finacadan” a kasasiroma no ponka, latek ikaka to cecay no “Pinpucu” ato cecay no “Takasakoco” a kasasiroma, o cecay no “Pinpu finacadan” ato cecay no “Takasako finacadan” latek oya cecayay a finacadan. Tinako sasowalen, nai sowal ato ponka ko pinengneng, samangataay to no ’Amis finacadan a Slaya, Taman ato Makataw finacadan no Taywan a Pinpu finacadan; o sowal ato Saysiyak finacadan mangata to Loylon finacadan no yincuminco.

=== Pakayraan no finacadan (族源) ===
Midoedo to no aniniay nipikingkiw misaheci, pakayraan no Pinpuco a ponka saheto o nai Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no Taywan. Onini a finacadan malesap itini i Taypinyang ato Intoyang, samaraayay manga’ay rapoten koya maraayay to Taywan a Easter Island ato Madagascar.

Dotocen ko kaitiraan, o itiraay i paka’amisay a finacadan no Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan i Taywan ko Pinpu a finacadan. So’elinen o I’ayaway no fa’elohay fokelohan a to’ek ko kaira ano eca talahakel i Taywan ko Pinpu finacadan, o nano mikiriyaray a finacadan. O piwacay no Yincuminco wiyinhuy to yincuminco no Taywan ato Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no hekal a kasakihar i pahapinang to o “nao Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan ko finacadan no Taywan, sakitamdawan ono Malay a tamdawan saka, o paka’amisay no Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan ko Taywan” saan[12].

==== No kaDipongan to’ek a pisilsil (日治時期的分類) ====
Saki Pinpu finacadan a pisilisil, awaay ko masongila’ay a kadadoedo no pisilsil i pikowan no Dipong to Taywan. Itira sa i Netherland a mikowan dengan sa o no kasaniyaro’ a ngangan, oraan sa ko pidoedoan kasasilsil no sa’etal, masa’isal ko pinapina sa’etal no finacadan. Ono i Mancin ni Huang Shujing to “Fansu liukao” a tilid i, malecad to pakayni kasasilsil a palaan misiiked a 13 niyaro’ ko yincumin funacadan.

Tangasa no Dipongan a to’ak, ona Ino Yoshinori, awaya den'nojo a “Taiwan yicumin mondai” (1900) a tilidan itiya to madadoedo ko pisilsil misiiked, ikor to ni Ino Yoshinori a “Taiwan yincumin seici” (1900) a tilidan, itiya masalof ko kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan, kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan ira: Ketagalan, Kavalan, Taokas, Pazih, Papora, Babuza, Arikun, Lloa, Siraya, Makattao 10 finacadan.

Oni Ino Yoshinori a nisiikedan kadadoedo o kacipinangan to pidoedoan, ona Igawa Kazo, Ogawa Tadayoshi, Mabuchi Toichi o pasadakay to kasasiiked siroma no pisilsil (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b). o kalaliyangan ira ko pinapina:

Pakayni to na 2 finacadan Arikun ato Lloa o papalacecayen ko finacadan: o roma a hakasi pasilacecay han koni 2 finacadan, o Hoanya a finacadan han saan. Nika midotoc to no hakasi ca Yung Kayin and Chung Yulan a pisapinang i, paretatenga to Hoanya alatek o nano Folaohua (Fan) a moraraway ko pipasetek. Ono finacadan to inika sasiroma no pihamon, pako niyah sa ko paratatenga.

’Eca ko malecaday to no Ketagalan a finacadan, ano eca padoedoen ho ko pisiiked. Pakayni to sowalan hakasi ca Tsuchida Shigeru aci Lee Inkee paretatenga a nisowalan, oya Ketagalan finacadan salongan malitoloay kasasiroma no sowal saan: Basay, Leilang ato Kulon. Oya Siraiya, Taivoan ato Makattao o masasiromaay ano eca o cecay a finacadan. Tangasa anini o ’alomanay a hakasi a midoedoan tono mikarkaray to notamdawan, sowalan ato lodisan masapinang, patongal no finacadan pihamon to niyah, paretatenga o na toloay ngasaw o masasiromaay caayay kalecad a yincuminco[13][14][15][16][17][18].   

Oni Ikawako no Zang itiniay ni Ino Kasunori saceker mapacomod ko Thao finacadan, o nano Pinpu finacadan ano eca o kaosanco finacadan.

==== Ikoray no kalalood a pisiiked (戰後的分類) ====
Pinapina mihecaan, no hakasi sakiPinpu finacadan a pisiiked, ira to ko fa’elohay a nengneng. No Dipong a hakasi ci Tsuchida Shigeru i 1985 mihecaan misiikedan (nengneng Tsuchida 1985), masiiked ko Pinpu finacadan to 12 finacadan: oya Kavalan, Basay, Ketagalan, Kulon, Taokas, Pazih, Papora, Babuza, Hoanya, Siraya, Makattao, Taivoan a finacadan.

Oni Li Yiyuan misiikedan to Pinpu finacadan masiiked 10 finacadan, oya Kavalan, Kentagalan, Luilang, Taokas, Papora, Babiza, Hoanya, Pazeh, Suisalien(Thau), Siraya finacadan[19]:14.  

Taywan sowalan hakasi ci Li Rengui ira ko masasiromaay a nengneng, nai 1996 miheca “Taywan Pinpu finacadan kasasiiked ato kasasikihar masiiked” a tilid, pasadak to 7 finacadan 14 ko sangasaw a nengneng: Thau, Kavalan, Ketagalan [5], Baburan [6], Pazih, Hoanya, Siraya. Ikor pakayni i sowal fa’elohay kasapinang, I 2006 miheca ato 2010 miheca mihapiw to nitilidan, oya Taivoan ato Makattao nai kaetipay Siraya amasadak[13][14].   

=== Kasamihecaan kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan. (歷年平埔族群分類)[20][21][22][23] ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
| colspan=&quot;19&quot; |'''歷年平埔族群分類'''
|-
|'''年代'''
|'''研究者'''
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; |'''族名'''
|-
|1904
|伊能嘉矩
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Vupuran
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Poavosa
|Arikun
|Lloa
|Pazzehe
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|Makattao
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1930
|移川子之藏
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Vupuran
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazeh
|Sao
|Tao
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1935
|小川尚義
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Vupuran
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazzehe
|Sao
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1944
|小川尚義
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|Luilang
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Papora
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazeh
|Sao
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1951
|張耀錡
|卡瓦蘭

（Kavalan）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |凱達格蘭

（Ketagalan）
|道卡斯

（Taokas）
|拍瀑拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴布薩

（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
|拍宰海

（Pazeh）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |西拉雅

（Siraya）
|四社熟番

（Taivoan）
|-
|1955
|李亦園
|噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|雷朗

（Luilang）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |凱達格蘭

（Ketagalan）
|道卡斯

（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |貓霧拺

（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |和安雅

（Hoanya）
|巴則海

（Pazeh）
|水沙連
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1970
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |台灣省通志
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |卡瓦蘭

（Kavalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |凱達格蘭

（Ketagalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |道卡斯

（Taokas）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |拍瀑拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴布薩

（Babuza／Poavasa）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅（Hoanya）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴則海

（Pazeh／Pazex）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
|Arikun
|Lloa
|馬卡道
|西拉雅
|四社熟番
|-
|1985-1991
|土田滋
|Kavalan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ketagalan
|Basay
|Kulon
|Taokas
|Papora
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazzahe
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|Makatao
|Siraya
|Taivoan
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1991
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |李壬癸
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |凱達格蘭（Ketagalan）
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |巴布薩（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴則海

（Pazeh）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |邵

（Thao）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
|雷朗（Luilang）
|哆囉美遠

（Trobian）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴賽（Basay）
|道卡斯（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
|貓霧拺（Babuza）
|費佛朗

（Favorlang）
|Makatao
|Siraya
|Taivoan
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1996
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |李壬癸
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |猴猴

（Qauqaut）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |凱達格蘭（Ketagalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |龜崙

（Kulon）
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |巴布蘭（Baburan）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴則海

（Pazeh）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |邵

（Thao）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
|雷朗（Luilang）
|哆囉美遠

（Trobian）
|馬賽（Basay）
|道卡斯（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
|貓霧拺（Babuza）
|費佛朗

（Favorlang）
|馬卡道（Makatao）
|西拉雅（Siraya）
|四社熟番（Taivoan）
|-
|2006-2010
|李壬癸
|噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |巴賽（凱達格蘭）

（Basay (Ketagalan)）
|龜崙

（Kulon）
|道卡斯

（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |貓霧拺（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
|巴宰

（Pazih）
|邵

（Thao）
|馬卡道（Makatao）
|西拉雅（Siraya）
|大武壠（Taivoan）
|}

=== Padetengan no finacadan (主要族群) ===
Ka’amis Taywan Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan

Tayal finacadan

Tayal Mie ngasaw

Kaetip ka’amis sowal finacadan

Saysyak finacadan (’ayaway pisiiked)

Kulon finacadan

Pazih finacadan

Pazih finacadan (palowad to sowal) [24][25]

Kahawu finacadan (palowad to sowal) [26][27][28]

Kaetip dafdafay sowal finacadan

Thao finacadan (’ayaway pisiiked)

Taokas finacadan (palowad to sowal) [29]

Papora finacadan

Babuza finacadan

Favorlang finacadan

Hoanya finacadan

Arikun finacadan

Lloa finacadan

Katimol Taywan Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan

Paiwan sowal finacadan

Paiwan Scaro ngasaw

Bunun sowal finacadan

Bunun finacadan Po ngasaw 

Kawali Taywan Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan 

Ka’amisay sowal finacadan

Kavalan finacadan (ira ho ko sowal) 

Houhou finacadan

Ketagalan finacadan

Luilang finacadan

Pazih finacadan (palowad to sowal)[30]

Trobian finacadan

Linao finacadan 

Kaetip katimolay sowal finacadan

Siraya finacadan (palowad to sowal)

Makatao finacadan

Tajialiyang tamdaw

Fangsuo tamdaw

Langqiao tamdaw

Xiaoliuqiu tamdaw

Taivoan finacadan (palowad to sowal) [7]

=== Ponka (文化) ===
Pa’atayan ngangan (姓氏)

Tadamaan ko pa’atayan ngangan no Pinpu finacadan, nawhani masaPayrangay to, saka palasawad hananay to ko tadapa’atayan ngangan ato pipangangan a rocok no Pinpu finacadan, mialaay to tono Payrangan a pa’atayan, midotoc to mikadadoedoedo no finacadan ato sangasaw a pihamon, adihay to ko nipicamol to no Payrang tamdaw, Ngangay tamdaw, roma naikoran to no kalalood mafolaway a Payrang ira aca ko kasasiroma no pa’atayan ngangan, onini pa’atayan ngangan ato pafelian a mikadadoedoedo no finacadan, malo no Pinpu finacadan no niyah pihamonan ko tadamaanay pidotocan[31].

Pafalian a pa’atayan ngangan: Pan

Roma pa’atayan ngangan: Chen, Liu, Huang, Dai, Lai.

Tadamaan pa’atayan ngangan: Bing, Yue, Bang, Yi, Ji, Yi, Li, Mao, Mao, Tong, Nian, Dong, Yan, Ai, He, Cheng, Mai, Hou, Biao, Hong, Shuang, Jiao, Feng, Shi, Zhang, Zhui, Chu, Nai, Wei, Du, Zhen, Yu, Jie, Zhao, Yong, Hu, Zhen, Xie, Mai, Zhang, Xi, Yong, Yi, Jie, Bei, Liu, Shui, Li, Gang, Kun, Zhuo, Ya, Tuo, Mi, Wu, Xin, Kang, Zhang, Chang, Shuang, Gan, Zhuang.

=== Lisin (祭祀) ===
Itini i ka’oripan to romi’ami’adan ko kaira no lisin no Pinpu finacadan, ano sowalen, patodongan no lisin oya serayan a kinaira ko nito’ongan, o pakayraan no pidemak o nikaira no to’asan a pingodo. Siikeden, malitoloay ko pita’ong no Pinpu finacadan to tato’asan:

Comikayay to’asan lisin, mararid ko itiraay tenokan no Taywan a Pazeh finacadan, Papora finacadan,Taokas finacadan, pangangan no lisin itiyaay a lisin a kacomikayan ko todong, mahaenay a lisin roma matiyaay no kaemangay licekah kakomodan sakaira.

Katimolay Siraya finacadan, Makatao finacadan a to’asan lisin oya koreng ko todong tireng no to’asan a mita’ong, matiniay a pita’ong a lekakawa ato ’okak no to’asan pita’ong. Nika ngataay a Taivoan finacadan caay pita’ong to koreng, caay paso’elin t okaitira no to’asan i koreng, o paso’elinan tato’asan itiraay i kapolongan pita’omngan ko pipasayraan mipacakat to kawas.

Ka’amisan no Taywan a Pinpu finacadan Ketagalan finacadan, Kavalan finacadan ano eca Luilang finacadan, pita’ong to to’asan awaay ko todong kaitiraan a mita’ong.

=== Palowasd to serayan (文化復振) ===
Nawhani masaso’otay to ko kacacofel to Payrang, o lakakawa no Pinpu finacadan, sowal to ko kalaswadan. Aniniay hakasi ato teloc no Pinpu finacadan misa’icelay, mikadkad mikilim to lekakawa ato sowal no niyah. Oya Kavalan finacadan mahamon to no Conghuaminko a sifo, palao cecay no finacadan yincuminco no Taywan, oya Siraya finacadan o nano Taynansi a telekan a cecay finawlan a yincumin, itiraay Kompo no Kalingko a Taivoan finacadan, Makatao finacadan, Siraya finacadan o setekan no kofa a yincuminco, nanay masarocod ko pihayda no takarawan sifo no Conghuaminko a mihaydaan.

O Pinpu yincumin a Ketagalan finacadan, Pazih finacadan, Kahawu finacadan, Makatao finacadan, Hoanya finacadan, Papora finacadan, Taokas finacadan a kasafinacadan, nai 1990 miheca miteka palowad to kacingangan onto no Pinpu, mingitangit pihamon no sifo to sakacingangan to yincuminco a Pinpu finacadan[32].

O congtong ci Tsai Ingwen nai 2016 miheca 8 folad 1 romi’ad yicuminco romi’ad pasiyincuminco a mili’ay, miketon mipangalat kacitodong no lekakawa, o kacingangan no Pinpu finacadan citodong to sakacisalongoc ato sakatadamaan. Tangasa i 2016 miheca 10 folad 7 romi’ad misetek k oSincenyin misalof to kacingangan to yincumin, pa’ayaw fa’elohay pihayda t oPinpu finacadan o “Pinpu yincumin” [33], saan i 2017 miheca 8 folad 17 romi’ad mihayda to nipifalic a lalowadan no rikec[34].

=== Finawlan ato kaliposak (人口與分佈) ===
O todong no Pinpu finacadan no Taywan a pipolong to tamdaw, sa’ayaway manengneng to no Netherland pikowan a pipalita to kika, o pisa’osi salongan 4 tangasa 6 ’ofadan itiya. Oya Makatao finacadan itini i Fongsan faloay niyaro’ mata’elifay ko ’ofadan satata’akay finacadan, saka tosa ’alomanay o itiniay i Tansui cepo’ a Kavalan finacadan[35]. O halafinay pikowan no Mancin mapalaPayrang to, pikowan to no Dipong kinapinapinaay mipalita, salongan i 4 tangasa 6 ’ofadan ko ka’aloman[36].  

I 1915 miheca a pipalitaan pahapinang, o Pinpu finacadan tamdaw o i Akao sakowan (aniniay Takaosi, Pintong sa’etal) ko sa’alomanay, makilatosaay no maecakay Fan finacadan ko tamdaw, saheto o aniniay Makatao ato Taivoan pa’atayan a finawlan. Kadadoedo o Taynan sakowan, Nanto sakowan, Kalingko sakowan, macalap ko 30% Pinpu finacadan tamdaw. Manengneng to itiniay tenokan ka’amisay sa’etal no Taywan, dengan o Yilan, Nanto i, kaitiraan no Pinpu finacadan caay toka’aloman[37].
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1905 miheca
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1915 miheca 
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1920 miheca
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1925 miheca
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1930 miheca
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1935 miheca
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1943 miheca
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |46,432
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |47,676
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |48,894
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |51,009
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |53,947
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |57,812
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |62,119
|}</text>
      <sha1>tmfztw5n9hbsrt3ir08xbhmu6naomi3</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>46917</id>
      <parentid>46916</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-07-07T01:16:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Masaonikar</username>
        <id>570</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Finawlan ato kaliposak (人口與分佈) */</comment>
      <origin>46917</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="22718" sha1="g8i4hlkb9qyy14cl76ioz97npebf34d" xml:space="preserve">== Pinpu finacadan (平埔族群) ==
Pinpu finacadan, to hatiniay Pinpoco han ko pitahidang, o pisiiked to sapikown to yincumin no Taywan a tahidang koni[2]. O roma a tahidang o Kaosancu; ikor midoedo to mikingkiway, ponkaan, itiya a mafana’ to o ’alomanay a finacadan caay ko cecayay a finacadan sato, anini falican ko pitahidang o Pinpocu fuinacadan hanto. Oya ’alomanay Pinpuco finacadan tangsa anini caay ho haydaen no Conghuaminko sifo o yincuminco caira, dengan oya pakapian i ’Amis finacadan a Kavalan finacadan.

Pinpu finacadan i’ayaw no pikowan no netherland, spain itiya o “Aporicini-アボリジニ” han ko pitahidang; pikowan to no Mancin i, saheto o mapalatamdaway, maecakay finacadan[1], ato Nama no fan, wairudona fan sanay ko pasasi’ayaw[3]:12. Orasaka o Cori sareta, Aporicini-アボリジニ itiraay i “Dafdafay pala” (Pingti caopu), samasa o sowal pangangan o Pingpuah, Pucirin, Pingpufan (Payrang: Pi-poo-hoan; Inkiris Pepohoan[4][5][6]), onini “Pinpu” a sowal todong “Dafdaf” ano eca “enaray” sanay ko todong no sowal[7].

Tangasa to pikowan no Dipong a to’ek “Taywan Fancin demak” a tilidan o yincumin malitosa Kaosancu, Pinpuco[3]:13, kasaniyaro’ a Pinpuco finacadan ona palowaday to pifalic pala “Tongninco” sanay a syakay onto[5][8]. Tangasa no Conghuaminko to’ek a mikowan miteka o rayray no Pinpuco malasawaday to ko finacadan harateng, caay to pala o yincuminco cangra; ikor makerih to ko mikingkiway t ofinacadan no Taywan, onini likisi no Pinpuco miteka a masafaloco’ no syakay, nika o Pinpuco a finacadan ona oya “Pinpuco” koni finacadan, saan to ikor miliyaw a misilsil to kasasiiked masiroma[2][3]:18.

O Saisiyat ato Thao finadan ona nipacomodan i Pinpu a finacadan, nengnengen “Pinpuco”, “mapalatamdaway”, “maecakay finacadan” ato “manta’ finacadan” sanay ko pisiiked, onini o sakanga’ay no papotalay mikowan, caayay pidotoc to no yincuminco i nihamonan no niyah konini pisiiked, saka aniniay a pipangangan no Pinpu ano eca palowad to ngangan a onto. Tangasa 2022 miheca 10 folad 28 romi’ad, ono Conghuaminko kimpo a hoyin saki Silaya finacadan to kacingangan no yincumin a demak i, mihapiw to itiyaay ho “Rikec no kacingangan no yincumin” o caayay ka tatodong i kimpo, patodongen to tolo miheca ko pisalofan, mihayda to no Kaosancu a pisingsi malayincuminco o nano Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no Taywan, midotoc a pakayni sakacingangan nai tatapangan no rikec ko Pinpu finacadan[9].  

=== Likisi (歷史)   ===
O Pinpu a finacadan nai ’ayaw 17 sician katayni no Payrang i Taywan i, malesap nai ka’amis Yilan, Kilong tangasa katimol mililisay to saetip a riyar a dafdaf a sera, itira ira ko kasasiromaan no ponka, sowal, niyaro’ ko pihamon a saniyaro’an no sa’opo.

Pinpu a fuinacadan ka’amis nai Suaw ato Tayal a kasasilaed, katimol nai Fanliaw ato Paiwanfinacadan malalaed, ikor maepec no Payrang o roma i malinah tayra roma a pala, matiya o Hengcun, Puli, Kalingko Posong.

=== Pakayraan no sowal (詞源) ===
“Pinpu” a sowal a padotocan, manga’ay so’edacen nai Cingcao Yongceng pikowan Huangsujin “Taihai sicalu” (ikor no 1742 miheca), onini a tilid masowal ko “kasa Pinpu a saniyaro’” a sowal, ikor nai ci Chen Lunjiong a “Haikuo wencienlu” (1731 miheca) ira masadak ko “Pinpu yincumin” a sowal[3]:13.

Nawhani o ponka no yincumin macacofelay i no Payrang a finacadan, orasaka i ’ayaway no Payrang a rayray no likisi no Taywan masowal ko “Fan” [3]. Nai “Fan” a tilidan, pahecian a sowal a minengneng, “Fan” oya “macengelay” ato “omah” patatekoan, o maomahay a tamdaw sanay ko pitoro’, matiniay ko sa’orip. Nika, itini i romaay finacadan konengneng, “Fan” iraay ko mipelesay, miepecay a sowal[11].

I’ayaw yincumin no Taywan dengan o “niyaro’” ko iraay awaay ko “finacadan” sanay a latrkan[3]:12, orasaka o niyaro’ sato ko pitahidang. Tinako: Tacia kawaliay niyaro’ (tongsya) ato Tacia kaetipay niyaro’ “sisya” maro’ay, sacisowal sato o Tasya a tamdaw. O Pinpu finacadan ano eca Pinpu maecakay finacadan sanay a sowal i matiliday, o sapisiiked toya mangta’ay finacadan ato malafelay finacadan ato lotokay finacadan sanay ko pasasiromaan.

Talacawa nai 18 sician matilid no Mancin o Maecakay a Pinpu sanay ko pitahidang, mika itira i 19 sician mangalef ko nikasowal[4]. Rahodayen ko sowal, i 18 sician matilid o “Pinpu fan”, “Pinpu maecakay fan”, o patoro’ to itiraay i dafdafay no Pintong, dafdafay no Yilan, dafdafay no Posong ato dafdafay no Hengcun a yincumin finacadan. So’elinen ko sowal, o nisowalan no mita anini oya “Pinpu finacadan” tosaay ko pisimed to sasowalen: “Pinpu” ato “Maecakay finacadan”. O cecay a sowal “Pinpu” malifong i kasaniyaro’, oya “maecakay a finacadan” o sowal no mikowanay; nika soelinay, naikoran no Mancin, “Pinpu”, “Maecakay finacadan” itiraay i kasasiroma no finacadan, o mirarakatay a sdowal koni a pitahidang. O pisetek malecaday o pisiiked to sasiroma no sa’etal, tinako itiraay i Hencun, “Maecakay finacadan” snay a pisetek to micamolay to Payrang ato Yincumin, saka “Maecakay finacadan” a niyaro’ han ko pitahidang.  

=== Kasasiiked (分類) ===
Talacowa naira ko tamdawan, kasasiromaroma no tamdaw itiya to masasikihar ko ira ko “sasiiked no rocok”. Nika, kaira no tamdaw ira ko “finacadan” ato “finawlan” ko pisiiked to tamdaw o ikoray to ko nian, mangalef piteka no i’ayaw no 100 miheca picalap no micingcingay ato misatekeday ko pikowanan ho itiya. O Taywan saheto o “masiikeday ko finacadan” saka matiniay ko kamatira no to’ekan mapalowan.  

Ka Dipongan no Taywan o mitakedan a micowat ko pikowan to Taywan itiya, o patodong no pikowan, o pisapinangaw misolap ato sapinang to finacadan ato sera no Taywan, saan micowat misaiked to fanacadan no Taywan ko tayal (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b); tinako oya tayniay nai congko a Minan sa’etal a Ngayngay tamdaw palaPayrangen, ’ayaway nano Ngayngay palaNgayngayen ko pakika.

Miteka, hakasi no Dipong paretatenga oya maro’ay i dafdaf a Pinpu finacadan a yincumin malaPayrang to, dengan to oya “Pinpu finacadan” ano eca “Pinpufan” a nisowalan o pihaop aca, oya nisiikedan a finacadan palao “Takayamacu” patodong. Ikor, o hakasi no Dipong to mamalasawad a ponka no Pinpu finacadan ira to ko masatalolongay a nikafana’an saka, nanoya oya nisowalan a “Pinpu finacadan”, so’elinen halo adihayay kasasiroma no sowal, kasasiroma a ponka no finacadan.

Nikawrira, ’ayaw no 90 no mihecaan, o hakasi sakiPinpu finacadan masasiroma ko pisiiked, ira ko 7 finacadan 14 sangasaw, ira ko 8 finacadan, 9 finacadan, 10 finacadan, 12 finacadan sanay (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b).

Midotoc to aniniay mikingkiway pahecian, saki “Pinpu finacadan”, “Takayamacu” a kasasiiked, caay ko tataparan sanay masasiiked ko finawlan, o nano nai 17 sician ko nisanga’an a likisi, nawhani kasafinacadan a ’orip a sofal ato Palapayrangan a ko saka milafotay to calay. Roma a sowal, o nian “Pinpu finacadan” a kasasiroma no ponka, latek ikaka to cecay no “Pinpucu” ato cecay no “Takasakoco” a kasasiroma, o cecay no “Pinpu finacadan” ato cecay no “Takasako finacadan” latek oya cecayay a finacadan. Tinako sasowalen, nai sowal ato ponka ko pinengneng, samangataay to no ’Amis finacadan a Slaya, Taman ato Makataw finacadan no Taywan a Pinpu finacadan; o sowal ato Saysiyak finacadan mangata to Loylon finacadan no yincuminco.

=== Pakayraan no finacadan (族源) ===
Midoedo to no aniniay nipikingkiw misaheci, pakayraan no Pinpuco a ponka saheto o nai Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no Taywan. Onini a finacadan malesap itini i Taypinyang ato Intoyang, samaraayay manga’ay rapoten koya maraayay to Taywan a Easter Island ato Madagascar.

Dotocen ko kaitiraan, o itiraay i paka’amisay a finacadan no Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan i Taywan ko Pinpu a finacadan. So’elinen o I’ayaway no fa’elohay fokelohan a to’ek ko kaira ano eca talahakel i Taywan ko Pinpu finacadan, o nano mikiriyaray a finacadan. O piwacay no Yincuminco wiyinhuy to yincuminco no Taywan ato Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no hekal a kasakihar i pahapinang to o “nao Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan ko finacadan no Taywan, sakitamdawan ono Malay a tamdawan saka, o paka’amisay no Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan ko Taywan” saan[12].

==== No kaDipongan to’ek a pisilsil (日治時期的分類) ====
Saki Pinpu finacadan a pisilisil, awaay ko masongila’ay a kadadoedo no pisilsil i pikowan no Dipong to Taywan. Itira sa i Netherland a mikowan dengan sa o no kasaniyaro’ a ngangan, oraan sa ko pidoedoan kasasilsil no sa’etal, masa’isal ko pinapina sa’etal no finacadan. Ono i Mancin ni Huang Shujing to “Fansu liukao” a tilid i, malecad to pakayni kasasilsil a palaan misiiked a 13 niyaro’ ko yincumin funacadan.

Tangasa no Dipongan a to’ak, ona Ino Yoshinori, awaya den'nojo a “Taiwan yicumin mondai” (1900) a tilidan itiya to madadoedo ko pisilsil misiiked, ikor to ni Ino Yoshinori a “Taiwan yincumin seici” (1900) a tilidan, itiya masalof ko kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan, kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan ira: Ketagalan, Kavalan, Taokas, Pazih, Papora, Babuza, Arikun, Lloa, Siraya, Makattao 10 finacadan.

Oni Ino Yoshinori a nisiikedan kadadoedo o kacipinangan to pidoedoan, ona Igawa Kazo, Ogawa Tadayoshi, Mabuchi Toichi o pasadakay to kasasiiked siroma no pisilsil (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b). o kalaliyangan ira ko pinapina:

Pakayni to na 2 finacadan Arikun ato Lloa o papalacecayen ko finacadan: o roma a hakasi pasilacecay han koni 2 finacadan, o Hoanya a finacadan han saan. Nika midotoc to no hakasi ca Yung Kayin and Chung Yulan a pisapinang i, paretatenga to Hoanya alatek o nano Folaohua (Fan) a moraraway ko pipasetek. Ono finacadan to inika sasiroma no pihamon, pako niyah sa ko paratatenga.

’Eca ko malecaday to no Ketagalan a finacadan, ano eca padoedoen ho ko pisiiked. Pakayni to sowalan hakasi ca Tsuchida Shigeru aci Lee Inkee paretatenga a nisowalan, oya Ketagalan finacadan salongan malitoloay kasasiroma no sowal saan: Basay, Leilang ato Kulon. Oya Siraiya, Taivoan ato Makattao o masasiromaay ano eca o cecay a finacadan. Tangasa anini o ’alomanay a hakasi a midoedoan tono mikarkaray to notamdawan, sowalan ato lodisan masapinang, patongal no finacadan pihamon to niyah, paretatenga o na toloay ngasaw o masasiromaay caayay kalecad a yincuminco[13][14][15][16][17][18].   

Oni Ikawako no Zang itiniay ni Ino Kasunori saceker mapacomod ko Thao finacadan, o nano Pinpu finacadan ano eca o kaosanco finacadan.

==== Ikoray no kalalood a pisiiked (戰後的分類) ====
Pinapina mihecaan, no hakasi sakiPinpu finacadan a pisiiked, ira to ko fa’elohay a nengneng. No Dipong a hakasi ci Tsuchida Shigeru i 1985 mihecaan misiikedan (nengneng Tsuchida 1985), masiiked ko Pinpu finacadan to 12 finacadan: oya Kavalan, Basay, Ketagalan, Kulon, Taokas, Pazih, Papora, Babuza, Hoanya, Siraya, Makattao, Taivoan a finacadan.

Oni Li Yiyuan misiikedan to Pinpu finacadan masiiked 10 finacadan, oya Kavalan, Kentagalan, Luilang, Taokas, Papora, Babiza, Hoanya, Pazeh, Suisalien(Thau), Siraya finacadan[19]:14.  

Taywan sowalan hakasi ci Li Rengui ira ko masasiromaay a nengneng, nai 1996 miheca “Taywan Pinpu finacadan kasasiiked ato kasasikihar masiiked” a tilid, pasadak to 7 finacadan 14 ko sangasaw a nengneng: Thau, Kavalan, Ketagalan [5], Baburan [6], Pazih, Hoanya, Siraya. Ikor pakayni i sowal fa’elohay kasapinang, I 2006 miheca ato 2010 miheca mihapiw to nitilidan, oya Taivoan ato Makattao nai kaetipay Siraya amasadak[13][14].   

=== Kasamihecaan kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan. (歷年平埔族群分類)[20][21][22][23] ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
| colspan=&quot;19&quot; |'''歷年平埔族群分類'''
|-
|'''年代'''
|'''研究者'''
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; |'''族名'''
|-
|1904
|伊能嘉矩
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Vupuran
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Poavosa
|Arikun
|Lloa
|Pazzehe
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|Makattao
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1930
|移川子之藏
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Vupuran
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazeh
|Sao
|Tao
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1935
|小川尚義
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Vupuran
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazzehe
|Sao
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1944
|小川尚義
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|Luilang
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Papora
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazeh
|Sao
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1951
|張耀錡
|卡瓦蘭

（Kavalan）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |凱達格蘭

（Ketagalan）
|道卡斯

（Taokas）
|拍瀑拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴布薩

（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
|拍宰海

（Pazeh）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |西拉雅

（Siraya）
|四社熟番

（Taivoan）
|-
|1955
|李亦園
|噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|雷朗

（Luilang）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |凱達格蘭

（Ketagalan）
|道卡斯

（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |貓霧拺

（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |和安雅

（Hoanya）
|巴則海

（Pazeh）
|水沙連
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1970
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |台灣省通志
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |卡瓦蘭

（Kavalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |凱達格蘭

（Ketagalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |道卡斯

（Taokas）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |拍瀑拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴布薩

（Babuza／Poavasa）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅（Hoanya）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴則海

（Pazeh／Pazex）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
|Arikun
|Lloa
|馬卡道
|西拉雅
|四社熟番
|-
|1985-1991
|土田滋
|Kavalan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ketagalan
|Basay
|Kulon
|Taokas
|Papora
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazzahe
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|Makatao
|Siraya
|Taivoan
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1991
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |李壬癸
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |凱達格蘭（Ketagalan）
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |巴布薩（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴則海

（Pazeh）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |邵

（Thao）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
|雷朗（Luilang）
|哆囉美遠

（Trobian）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴賽（Basay）
|道卡斯（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
|貓霧拺（Babuza）
|費佛朗

（Favorlang）
|Makatao
|Siraya
|Taivoan
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1996
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |李壬癸
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |猴猴

（Qauqaut）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |凱達格蘭（Ketagalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |龜崙

（Kulon）
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |巴布蘭（Baburan）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴則海

（Pazeh）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |邵

（Thao）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
|雷朗（Luilang）
|哆囉美遠

（Trobian）
|馬賽（Basay）
|道卡斯（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
|貓霧拺（Babuza）
|費佛朗

（Favorlang）
|馬卡道（Makatao）
|西拉雅（Siraya）
|四社熟番（Taivoan）
|-
|2006-2010
|李壬癸
|噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |巴賽（凱達格蘭）

（Basay (Ketagalan)）
|龜崙

（Kulon）
|道卡斯

（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |貓霧拺（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
|巴宰

（Pazih）
|邵

（Thao）
|馬卡道（Makatao）
|西拉雅（Siraya）
|大武壠（Taivoan）
|}

=== Padetengan no finacadan (主要族群) ===
Ka’amis Taywan Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan

Tayal finacadan

Tayal Mie ngasaw

Kaetip ka’amis sowal finacadan

Saysyak finacadan (’ayaway pisiiked)

Kulon finacadan

Pazih finacadan

Pazih finacadan (palowad to sowal) [24][25]

Kahawu finacadan (palowad to sowal) [26][27][28]

Kaetip dafdafay sowal finacadan

Thao finacadan (’ayaway pisiiked)

Taokas finacadan (palowad to sowal) [29]

Papora finacadan

Babuza finacadan

Favorlang finacadan

Hoanya finacadan

Arikun finacadan

Lloa finacadan

Katimol Taywan Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan

Paiwan sowal finacadan

Paiwan Scaro ngasaw

Bunun sowal finacadan

Bunun finacadan Po ngasaw 

Kawali Taywan Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan 

Ka’amisay sowal finacadan

Kavalan finacadan (ira ho ko sowal) 

Houhou finacadan

Ketagalan finacadan

Luilang finacadan

Pazih finacadan (palowad to sowal)[30]

Trobian finacadan

Linao finacadan 

Kaetip katimolay sowal finacadan

Siraya finacadan (palowad to sowal)

Makatao finacadan

Tajialiyang tamdaw

Fangsuo tamdaw

Langqiao tamdaw

Xiaoliuqiu tamdaw

Taivoan finacadan (palowad to sowal) [7]

=== Ponka (文化) ===
Pa’atayan ngangan (姓氏)

Tadamaan ko pa’atayan ngangan no Pinpu finacadan, nawhani masaPayrangay to, saka palasawad hananay to ko tadapa’atayan ngangan ato pipangangan a rocok no Pinpu finacadan, mialaay to tono Payrangan a pa’atayan, midotoc to mikadadoedoedo no finacadan ato sangasaw a pihamon, adihay to ko nipicamol to no Payrang tamdaw, Ngangay tamdaw, roma naikoran to no kalalood mafolaway a Payrang ira aca ko kasasiroma no pa’atayan ngangan, onini pa’atayan ngangan ato pafelian a mikadadoedoedo no finacadan, malo no Pinpu finacadan no niyah pihamonan ko tadamaanay pidotocan[31].

Pafalian a pa’atayan ngangan: Pan

Roma pa’atayan ngangan: Chen, Liu, Huang, Dai, Lai.

Tadamaan pa’atayan ngangan: Bing, Yue, Bang, Yi, Ji, Yi, Li, Mao, Mao, Tong, Nian, Dong, Yan, Ai, He, Cheng, Mai, Hou, Biao, Hong, Shuang, Jiao, Feng, Shi, Zhang, Zhui, Chu, Nai, Wei, Du, Zhen, Yu, Jie, Zhao, Yong, Hu, Zhen, Xie, Mai, Zhang, Xi, Yong, Yi, Jie, Bei, Liu, Shui, Li, Gang, Kun, Zhuo, Ya, Tuo, Mi, Wu, Xin, Kang, Zhang, Chang, Shuang, Gan, Zhuang.

=== Lisin (祭祀) ===
Itini i ka’oripan to romi’ami’adan ko kaira no lisin no Pinpu finacadan, ano sowalen, patodongan no lisin oya serayan a kinaira ko nito’ongan, o pakayraan no pidemak o nikaira no to’asan a pingodo. Siikeden, malitoloay ko pita’ong no Pinpu finacadan to tato’asan:

Comikayay to’asan lisin, mararid ko itiraay tenokan no Taywan a Pazeh finacadan, Papora finacadan,Taokas finacadan, pangangan no lisin itiyaay a lisin a kacomikayan ko todong, mahaenay a lisin roma matiyaay no kaemangay licekah kakomodan sakaira.

Katimolay Siraya finacadan, Makatao finacadan a to’asan lisin oya koreng ko todong tireng no to’asan a mita’ong, matiniay a pita’ong a lekakawa ato ’okak no to’asan pita’ong. Nika ngataay a Taivoan finacadan caay pita’ong to koreng, caay paso’elin t okaitira no to’asan i koreng, o paso’elinan tato’asan itiraay i kapolongan pita’omngan ko pipasayraan mipacakat to kawas.

Ka’amisan no Taywan a Pinpu finacadan Ketagalan finacadan, Kavalan finacadan ano eca Luilang finacadan, pita’ong to to’asan awaay ko todong kaitiraan a mita’ong.

=== Palowasd to serayan (文化復振) ===
Nawhani masaso’otay to ko kacacofel to Payrang, o lakakawa no Pinpu finacadan, sowal to ko kalaswadan. Aniniay hakasi ato teloc no Pinpu finacadan misa’icelay, mikadkad mikilim to lekakawa ato sowal no niyah. Oya Kavalan finacadan mahamon to no Conghuaminko a sifo, palao cecay no finacadan yincuminco no Taywan, oya Siraya finacadan o nano Taynansi a telekan a cecay finawlan a yincumin, itiraay Kompo no Kalingko a Taivoan finacadan, Makatao finacadan, Siraya finacadan o setekan no kofa a yincuminco, nanay masarocod ko pihayda no takarawan sifo no Conghuaminko a mihaydaan.

O Pinpu yincumin a Ketagalan finacadan, Pazih finacadan, Kahawu finacadan, Makatao finacadan, Hoanya finacadan, Papora finacadan, Taokas finacadan a kasafinacadan, nai 1990 miheca miteka palowad to kacingangan onto no Pinpu, mingitangit pihamon no sifo to sakacingangan to yincuminco a Pinpu finacadan[32].

O congtong ci Tsai Ingwen nai 2016 miheca 8 folad 1 romi’ad yicuminco romi’ad pasiyincuminco a mili’ay, miketon mipangalat kacitodong no lekakawa, o kacingangan no Pinpu finacadan citodong to sakacisalongoc ato sakatadamaan. Tangasa i 2016 miheca 10 folad 7 romi’ad misetek k oSincenyin misalof to kacingangan to yincumin, pa’ayaw fa’elohay pihayda t oPinpu finacadan o “Pinpu yincumin” [33], saan i 2017 miheca 8 folad 17 romi’ad mihayda to nipifalic a lalowadan no rikec[34].

=== Finawlan ato kaliposak (人口與分佈) ===
O todong no Pinpu finacadan no Taywan a pipolong to tamdaw, sa’ayaway manengneng to no Netherland pikowan a pipalita to kika, o pisa’osi salongan 4 tangasa 6 ’ofadan itiya. Oya Makatao finacadan itini i Fongsan faloay niyaro’ mata’elifay ko ’ofadan satata’akay finacadan, saka tosa ’alomanay o itiniay i Tansui cepo’ a Kavalan finacadan[35]. O halafinay pikowan no Mancin mapalaPayrang to, pikowan to no Dipong kinapinapinaay mipalita, salongan i 4 tangasa 6 ’ofadan ko ka’aloman[36].  

I 1915 miheca a pipalitaan pahapinang, o Pinpu finacadan tamdaw o i Akao sakowan (aniniay Takaosi, Pintong sa’etal) ko sa’alomanay, makilatosaay no maecakay Fan finacadan ko tamdaw, saheto o aniniay Makatao ato Taivoan pa’atayan a finawlan. Kadadoedo o Taynan sakowan, Nanto sakowan, Kalingko sakowan, macalap ko 30% Pinpu finacadan tamdaw. Manengneng to itiniay tenokan ka’amisay sa’etal no Taywan, dengan o Yilan, Nanto i, kaitiraan no Pinpu finacadan caay toka’aloman[37].
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1905 miheca
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1915 miheca 
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1920 miheca
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1925 miheca
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1930 miheca
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1935 miheca
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1943 miheca
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |46,432
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |47,676
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |48,894
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |51,009
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |53,947
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |57,812
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |62,119
|}
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Kasasiiked  no sakadademak
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1915  mihecaabn tamdaw no finacadan
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Polong  no finacadan % i Taywan
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; | 
|47,676
|100%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Taypi  sakowan
|884
|1.85%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Yilan  sakowan
|2,240
|4.7%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Taoyin  sakowan
|438
|0.92%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Sinco  sakowan
|1,939
|4.07%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Taycong  sakowan
|589
|1.24%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Nanto  sakowan
|5,338
|11.2%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Ciayi  sakowan
|1,729
|3.63%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Taynan  sakowan
|5,920
|12.54%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Akao  sakowan
|21,697
|45.51%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Posong  sakowan
|2,318
|4.86%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Kalingko  sakowan
|4,584
|9.61%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Penho  sakowan
|0
|0%
|}</text>
      <sha1>g8i4hlkb9qyy14cl76ioz97npebf34d</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>46918</id>
      <parentid>46917</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-07-07T01:16:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Masaonikar</username>
        <id>570</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Finawlan ato kaliposak (人口與分佈) */</comment>
      <origin>46918</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="22935" sha1="fhu6kaj6t7l1nnv47ofvfmu35zpxd8n" xml:space="preserve">== Pinpu finacadan (平埔族群) ==
Pinpu finacadan, to hatiniay Pinpoco han ko pitahidang, o pisiiked to sapikown to yincumin no Taywan a tahidang koni[2]. O roma a tahidang o Kaosancu; ikor midoedo to mikingkiway, ponkaan, itiya a mafana’ to o ’alomanay a finacadan caay ko cecayay a finacadan sato, anini falican ko pitahidang o Pinpocu fuinacadan hanto. Oya ’alomanay Pinpuco finacadan tangsa anini caay ho haydaen no Conghuaminko sifo o yincuminco caira, dengan oya pakapian i ’Amis finacadan a Kavalan finacadan.

Pinpu finacadan i’ayaw no pikowan no netherland, spain itiya o “Aporicini-アボリジニ” han ko pitahidang; pikowan to no Mancin i, saheto o mapalatamdaway, maecakay finacadan[1], ato Nama no fan, wairudona fan sanay ko pasasi’ayaw[3]:12. Orasaka o Cori sareta, Aporicini-アボリジニ itiraay i “Dafdafay pala” (Pingti caopu), samasa o sowal pangangan o Pingpuah, Pucirin, Pingpufan (Payrang: Pi-poo-hoan; Inkiris Pepohoan[4][5][6]), onini “Pinpu” a sowal todong “Dafdaf” ano eca “enaray” sanay ko todong no sowal[7].

Tangasa to pikowan no Dipong a to’ek “Taywan Fancin demak” a tilidan o yincumin malitosa Kaosancu, Pinpuco[3]:13, kasaniyaro’ a Pinpuco finacadan ona palowaday to pifalic pala “Tongninco” sanay a syakay onto[5][8]. Tangasa no Conghuaminko to’ek a mikowan miteka o rayray no Pinpuco malasawaday to ko finacadan harateng, caay to pala o yincuminco cangra; ikor makerih to ko mikingkiway t ofinacadan no Taywan, onini likisi no Pinpuco miteka a masafaloco’ no syakay, nika o Pinpuco a finacadan ona oya “Pinpuco” koni finacadan, saan to ikor miliyaw a misilsil to kasasiiked masiroma[2][3]:18.

O Saisiyat ato Thao finadan ona nipacomodan i Pinpu a finacadan, nengnengen “Pinpuco”, “mapalatamdaway”, “maecakay finacadan” ato “manta’ finacadan” sanay ko pisiiked, onini o sakanga’ay no papotalay mikowan, caayay pidotoc to no yincuminco i nihamonan no niyah konini pisiiked, saka aniniay a pipangangan no Pinpu ano eca palowad to ngangan a onto. Tangasa 2022 miheca 10 folad 28 romi’ad, ono Conghuaminko kimpo a hoyin saki Silaya finacadan to kacingangan no yincumin a demak i, mihapiw to itiyaay ho “Rikec no kacingangan no yincumin” o caayay ka tatodong i kimpo, patodongen to tolo miheca ko pisalofan, mihayda to no Kaosancu a pisingsi malayincuminco o nano Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no Taywan, midotoc a pakayni sakacingangan nai tatapangan no rikec ko Pinpu finacadan[9].  

=== Likisi (歷史)   ===
O Pinpu a finacadan nai ’ayaw 17 sician katayni no Payrang i Taywan i, malesap nai ka’amis Yilan, Kilong tangasa katimol mililisay to saetip a riyar a dafdaf a sera, itira ira ko kasasiromaan no ponka, sowal, niyaro’ ko pihamon a saniyaro’an no sa’opo.

Pinpu a fuinacadan ka’amis nai Suaw ato Tayal a kasasilaed, katimol nai Fanliaw ato Paiwanfinacadan malalaed, ikor maepec no Payrang o roma i malinah tayra roma a pala, matiya o Hengcun, Puli, Kalingko Posong.

=== Pakayraan no sowal (詞源) ===
“Pinpu” a sowal a padotocan, manga’ay so’edacen nai Cingcao Yongceng pikowan Huangsujin “Taihai sicalu” (ikor no 1742 miheca), onini a tilid masowal ko “kasa Pinpu a saniyaro’” a sowal, ikor nai ci Chen Lunjiong a “Haikuo wencienlu” (1731 miheca) ira masadak ko “Pinpu yincumin” a sowal[3]:13.

Nawhani o ponka no yincumin macacofelay i no Payrang a finacadan, orasaka i ’ayaway no Payrang a rayray no likisi no Taywan masowal ko “Fan” [3]. Nai “Fan” a tilidan, pahecian a sowal a minengneng, “Fan” oya “macengelay” ato “omah” patatekoan, o maomahay a tamdaw sanay ko pitoro’, matiniay ko sa’orip. Nika, itini i romaay finacadan konengneng, “Fan” iraay ko mipelesay, miepecay a sowal[11].

I’ayaw yincumin no Taywan dengan o “niyaro’” ko iraay awaay ko “finacadan” sanay a latrkan[3]:12, orasaka o niyaro’ sato ko pitahidang. Tinako: Tacia kawaliay niyaro’ (tongsya) ato Tacia kaetipay niyaro’ “sisya” maro’ay, sacisowal sato o Tasya a tamdaw. O Pinpu finacadan ano eca Pinpu maecakay finacadan sanay a sowal i matiliday, o sapisiiked toya mangta’ay finacadan ato malafelay finacadan ato lotokay finacadan sanay ko pasasiromaan.

Talacawa nai 18 sician matilid no Mancin o Maecakay a Pinpu sanay ko pitahidang, mika itira i 19 sician mangalef ko nikasowal[4]. Rahodayen ko sowal, i 18 sician matilid o “Pinpu fan”, “Pinpu maecakay fan”, o patoro’ to itiraay i dafdafay no Pintong, dafdafay no Yilan, dafdafay no Posong ato dafdafay no Hengcun a yincumin finacadan. So’elinen ko sowal, o nisowalan no mita anini oya “Pinpu finacadan” tosaay ko pisimed to sasowalen: “Pinpu” ato “Maecakay finacadan”. O cecay a sowal “Pinpu” malifong i kasaniyaro’, oya “maecakay a finacadan” o sowal no mikowanay; nika soelinay, naikoran no Mancin, “Pinpu”, “Maecakay finacadan” itiraay i kasasiroma no finacadan, o mirarakatay a sdowal koni a pitahidang. O pisetek malecaday o pisiiked to sasiroma no sa’etal, tinako itiraay i Hencun, “Maecakay finacadan” snay a pisetek to micamolay to Payrang ato Yincumin, saka “Maecakay finacadan” a niyaro’ han ko pitahidang.  

=== Kasasiiked (分類) ===
Talacowa naira ko tamdawan, kasasiromaroma no tamdaw itiya to masasikihar ko ira ko “sasiiked no rocok”. Nika, kaira no tamdaw ira ko “finacadan” ato “finawlan” ko pisiiked to tamdaw o ikoray to ko nian, mangalef piteka no i’ayaw no 100 miheca picalap no micingcingay ato misatekeday ko pikowanan ho itiya. O Taywan saheto o “masiikeday ko finacadan” saka matiniay ko kamatira no to’ekan mapalowan.  

Ka Dipongan no Taywan o mitakedan a micowat ko pikowan to Taywan itiya, o patodong no pikowan, o pisapinangaw misolap ato sapinang to finacadan ato sera no Taywan, saan micowat misaiked to fanacadan no Taywan ko tayal (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b); tinako oya tayniay nai congko a Minan sa’etal a Ngayngay tamdaw palaPayrangen, ’ayaway nano Ngayngay palaNgayngayen ko pakika.

Miteka, hakasi no Dipong paretatenga oya maro’ay i dafdaf a Pinpu finacadan a yincumin malaPayrang to, dengan to oya “Pinpu finacadan” ano eca “Pinpufan” a nisowalan o pihaop aca, oya nisiikedan a finacadan palao “Takayamacu” patodong. Ikor, o hakasi no Dipong to mamalasawad a ponka no Pinpu finacadan ira to ko masatalolongay a nikafana’an saka, nanoya oya nisowalan a “Pinpu finacadan”, so’elinen halo adihayay kasasiroma no sowal, kasasiroma a ponka no finacadan.

Nikawrira, ’ayaw no 90 no mihecaan, o hakasi sakiPinpu finacadan masasiroma ko pisiiked, ira ko 7 finacadan 14 sangasaw, ira ko 8 finacadan, 9 finacadan, 10 finacadan, 12 finacadan sanay (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b).

Midotoc to aniniay mikingkiway pahecian, saki “Pinpu finacadan”, “Takayamacu” a kasasiiked, caay ko tataparan sanay masasiiked ko finawlan, o nano nai 17 sician ko nisanga’an a likisi, nawhani kasafinacadan a ’orip a sofal ato Palapayrangan a ko saka milafotay to calay. Roma a sowal, o nian “Pinpu finacadan” a kasasiroma no ponka, latek ikaka to cecay no “Pinpucu” ato cecay no “Takasakoco” a kasasiroma, o cecay no “Pinpu finacadan” ato cecay no “Takasako finacadan” latek oya cecayay a finacadan. Tinako sasowalen, nai sowal ato ponka ko pinengneng, samangataay to no ’Amis finacadan a Slaya, Taman ato Makataw finacadan no Taywan a Pinpu finacadan; o sowal ato Saysiyak finacadan mangata to Loylon finacadan no yincuminco.

=== Pakayraan no finacadan (族源) ===
Midoedo to no aniniay nipikingkiw misaheci, pakayraan no Pinpuco a ponka saheto o nai Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no Taywan. Onini a finacadan malesap itini i Taypinyang ato Intoyang, samaraayay manga’ay rapoten koya maraayay to Taywan a Easter Island ato Madagascar.

Dotocen ko kaitiraan, o itiraay i paka’amisay a finacadan no Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan i Taywan ko Pinpu a finacadan. So’elinen o I’ayaway no fa’elohay fokelohan a to’ek ko kaira ano eca talahakel i Taywan ko Pinpu finacadan, o nano mikiriyaray a finacadan. O piwacay no Yincuminco wiyinhuy to yincuminco no Taywan ato Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no hekal a kasakihar i pahapinang to o “nao Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan ko finacadan no Taywan, sakitamdawan ono Malay a tamdawan saka, o paka’amisay no Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan ko Taywan” saan[12].

==== No kaDipongan to’ek a pisilsil (日治時期的分類) ====
Saki Pinpu finacadan a pisilisil, awaay ko masongila’ay a kadadoedo no pisilsil i pikowan no Dipong to Taywan. Itira sa i Netherland a mikowan dengan sa o no kasaniyaro’ a ngangan, oraan sa ko pidoedoan kasasilsil no sa’etal, masa’isal ko pinapina sa’etal no finacadan. Ono i Mancin ni Huang Shujing to “Fansu liukao” a tilid i, malecad to pakayni kasasilsil a palaan misiiked a 13 niyaro’ ko yincumin funacadan.

Tangasa no Dipongan a to’ak, ona Ino Yoshinori, awaya den'nojo a “Taiwan yicumin mondai” (1900) a tilidan itiya to madadoedo ko pisilsil misiiked, ikor to ni Ino Yoshinori a “Taiwan yincumin seici” (1900) a tilidan, itiya masalof ko kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan, kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan ira: Ketagalan, Kavalan, Taokas, Pazih, Papora, Babuza, Arikun, Lloa, Siraya, Makattao 10 finacadan.

Oni Ino Yoshinori a nisiikedan kadadoedo o kacipinangan to pidoedoan, ona Igawa Kazo, Ogawa Tadayoshi, Mabuchi Toichi o pasadakay to kasasiiked siroma no pisilsil (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b). o kalaliyangan ira ko pinapina:

Pakayni to na 2 finacadan Arikun ato Lloa o papalacecayen ko finacadan: o roma a hakasi pasilacecay han koni 2 finacadan, o Hoanya a finacadan han saan. Nika midotoc to no hakasi ca Yung Kayin and Chung Yulan a pisapinang i, paretatenga to Hoanya alatek o nano Folaohua (Fan) a moraraway ko pipasetek. Ono finacadan to inika sasiroma no pihamon, pako niyah sa ko paratatenga.

’Eca ko malecaday to no Ketagalan a finacadan, ano eca padoedoen ho ko pisiiked. Pakayni to sowalan hakasi ca Tsuchida Shigeru aci Lee Inkee paretatenga a nisowalan, oya Ketagalan finacadan salongan malitoloay kasasiroma no sowal saan: Basay, Leilang ato Kulon. Oya Siraiya, Taivoan ato Makattao o masasiromaay ano eca o cecay a finacadan. Tangasa anini o ’alomanay a hakasi a midoedoan tono mikarkaray to notamdawan, sowalan ato lodisan masapinang, patongal no finacadan pihamon to niyah, paretatenga o na toloay ngasaw o masasiromaay caayay kalecad a yincuminco[13][14][15][16][17][18].   

Oni Ikawako no Zang itiniay ni Ino Kasunori saceker mapacomod ko Thao finacadan, o nano Pinpu finacadan ano eca o kaosanco finacadan.

==== Ikoray no kalalood a pisiiked (戰後的分類) ====
Pinapina mihecaan, no hakasi sakiPinpu finacadan a pisiiked, ira to ko fa’elohay a nengneng. No Dipong a hakasi ci Tsuchida Shigeru i 1985 mihecaan misiikedan (nengneng Tsuchida 1985), masiiked ko Pinpu finacadan to 12 finacadan: oya Kavalan, Basay, Ketagalan, Kulon, Taokas, Pazih, Papora, Babuza, Hoanya, Siraya, Makattao, Taivoan a finacadan.

Oni Li Yiyuan misiikedan to Pinpu finacadan masiiked 10 finacadan, oya Kavalan, Kentagalan, Luilang, Taokas, Papora, Babiza, Hoanya, Pazeh, Suisalien(Thau), Siraya finacadan[19]:14.  

Taywan sowalan hakasi ci Li Rengui ira ko masasiromaay a nengneng, nai 1996 miheca “Taywan Pinpu finacadan kasasiiked ato kasasikihar masiiked” a tilid, pasadak to 7 finacadan 14 ko sangasaw a nengneng: Thau, Kavalan, Ketagalan [5], Baburan [6], Pazih, Hoanya, Siraya. Ikor pakayni i sowal fa’elohay kasapinang, I 2006 miheca ato 2010 miheca mihapiw to nitilidan, oya Taivoan ato Makattao nai kaetipay Siraya amasadak[13][14].   

=== Kasamihecaan kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan. (歷年平埔族群分類)[20][21][22][23] ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
| colspan=&quot;19&quot; |'''歷年平埔族群分類'''
|-
|'''年代'''
|'''研究者'''
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; |'''族名'''
|-
|1904
|伊能嘉矩
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Vupuran
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Poavosa
|Arikun
|Lloa
|Pazzehe
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|Makattao
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1930
|移川子之藏
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Vupuran
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazeh
|Sao
|Tao
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1935
|小川尚義
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Vupuran
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazzehe
|Sao
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1944
|小川尚義
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|Luilang
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Papora
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazeh
|Sao
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1951
|張耀錡
|卡瓦蘭

（Kavalan）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |凱達格蘭

（Ketagalan）
|道卡斯

（Taokas）
|拍瀑拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴布薩

（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
|拍宰海

（Pazeh）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |西拉雅

（Siraya）
|四社熟番

（Taivoan）
|-
|1955
|李亦園
|噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|雷朗

（Luilang）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |凱達格蘭

（Ketagalan）
|道卡斯

（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |貓霧拺

（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |和安雅

（Hoanya）
|巴則海

（Pazeh）
|水沙連
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1970
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |台灣省通志
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |卡瓦蘭

（Kavalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |凱達格蘭

（Ketagalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |道卡斯

（Taokas）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |拍瀑拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴布薩

（Babuza／Poavasa）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅（Hoanya）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴則海

（Pazeh／Pazex）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
|Arikun
|Lloa
|馬卡道
|西拉雅
|四社熟番
|-
|1985-1991
|土田滋
|Kavalan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ketagalan
|Basay
|Kulon
|Taokas
|Papora
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazzahe
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|Makatao
|Siraya
|Taivoan
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1991
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |李壬癸
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |凱達格蘭（Ketagalan）
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |巴布薩（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴則海

（Pazeh）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |邵

（Thao）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
|雷朗（Luilang）
|哆囉美遠

（Trobian）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴賽（Basay）
|道卡斯（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
|貓霧拺（Babuza）
|費佛朗

（Favorlang）
|Makatao
|Siraya
|Taivoan
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1996
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |李壬癸
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |猴猴

（Qauqaut）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |凱達格蘭（Ketagalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |龜崙

（Kulon）
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |巴布蘭（Baburan）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴則海

（Pazeh）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |邵

（Thao）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
|雷朗（Luilang）
|哆囉美遠

（Trobian）
|馬賽（Basay）
|道卡斯（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
|貓霧拺（Babuza）
|費佛朗

（Favorlang）
|馬卡道（Makatao）
|西拉雅（Siraya）
|四社熟番（Taivoan）
|-
|2006-2010
|李壬癸
|噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |巴賽（凱達格蘭）

（Basay (Ketagalan)）
|龜崙

（Kulon）
|道卡斯

（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |貓霧拺（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
|巴宰

（Pazih）
|邵

（Thao）
|馬卡道（Makatao）
|西拉雅（Siraya）
|大武壠（Taivoan）
|}

=== Padetengan no finacadan (主要族群) ===
Ka’amis Taywan Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan

Tayal finacadan

Tayal Mie ngasaw

Kaetip ka’amis sowal finacadan

Saysyak finacadan (’ayaway pisiiked)

Kulon finacadan

Pazih finacadan

Pazih finacadan (palowad to sowal) [24][25]

Kahawu finacadan (palowad to sowal) [26][27][28]

Kaetip dafdafay sowal finacadan

Thao finacadan (’ayaway pisiiked)

Taokas finacadan (palowad to sowal) [29]

Papora finacadan

Babuza finacadan

Favorlang finacadan

Hoanya finacadan

Arikun finacadan

Lloa finacadan

Katimol Taywan Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan

Paiwan sowal finacadan

Paiwan Scaro ngasaw

Bunun sowal finacadan

Bunun finacadan Po ngasaw 

Kawali Taywan Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan 

Ka’amisay sowal finacadan

Kavalan finacadan (ira ho ko sowal) 

Houhou finacadan

Ketagalan finacadan

Luilang finacadan

Pazih finacadan (palowad to sowal)[30]

Trobian finacadan

Linao finacadan 

Kaetip katimolay sowal finacadan

Siraya finacadan (palowad to sowal)

Makatao finacadan

Tajialiyang tamdaw

Fangsuo tamdaw

Langqiao tamdaw

Xiaoliuqiu tamdaw

Taivoan finacadan (palowad to sowal) [7]

=== Ponka (文化) ===
Pa’atayan ngangan (姓氏)

Tadamaan ko pa’atayan ngangan no Pinpu finacadan, nawhani masaPayrangay to, saka palasawad hananay to ko tadapa’atayan ngangan ato pipangangan a rocok no Pinpu finacadan, mialaay to tono Payrangan a pa’atayan, midotoc to mikadadoedoedo no finacadan ato sangasaw a pihamon, adihay to ko nipicamol to no Payrang tamdaw, Ngangay tamdaw, roma naikoran to no kalalood mafolaway a Payrang ira aca ko kasasiroma no pa’atayan ngangan, onini pa’atayan ngangan ato pafelian a mikadadoedoedo no finacadan, malo no Pinpu finacadan no niyah pihamonan ko tadamaanay pidotocan[31].

Pafalian a pa’atayan ngangan: Pan

Roma pa’atayan ngangan: Chen, Liu, Huang, Dai, Lai.

Tadamaan pa’atayan ngangan: Bing, Yue, Bang, Yi, Ji, Yi, Li, Mao, Mao, Tong, Nian, Dong, Yan, Ai, He, Cheng, Mai, Hou, Biao, Hong, Shuang, Jiao, Feng, Shi, Zhang, Zhui, Chu, Nai, Wei, Du, Zhen, Yu, Jie, Zhao, Yong, Hu, Zhen, Xie, Mai, Zhang, Xi, Yong, Yi, Jie, Bei, Liu, Shui, Li, Gang, Kun, Zhuo, Ya, Tuo, Mi, Wu, Xin, Kang, Zhang, Chang, Shuang, Gan, Zhuang.

=== Lisin (祭祀) ===
Itini i ka’oripan to romi’ami’adan ko kaira no lisin no Pinpu finacadan, ano sowalen, patodongan no lisin oya serayan a kinaira ko nito’ongan, o pakayraan no pidemak o nikaira no to’asan a pingodo. Siikeden, malitoloay ko pita’ong no Pinpu finacadan to tato’asan:

Comikayay to’asan lisin, mararid ko itiraay tenokan no Taywan a Pazeh finacadan, Papora finacadan,Taokas finacadan, pangangan no lisin itiyaay a lisin a kacomikayan ko todong, mahaenay a lisin roma matiyaay no kaemangay licekah kakomodan sakaira.

Katimolay Siraya finacadan, Makatao finacadan a to’asan lisin oya koreng ko todong tireng no to’asan a mita’ong, matiniay a pita’ong a lekakawa ato ’okak no to’asan pita’ong. Nika ngataay a Taivoan finacadan caay pita’ong to koreng, caay paso’elin t okaitira no to’asan i koreng, o paso’elinan tato’asan itiraay i kapolongan pita’omngan ko pipasayraan mipacakat to kawas.

Ka’amisan no Taywan a Pinpu finacadan Ketagalan finacadan, Kavalan finacadan ano eca Luilang finacadan, pita’ong to to’asan awaay ko todong kaitiraan a mita’ong.

=== Palowasd to serayan (文化復振) ===
Nawhani masaso’otay to ko kacacofel to Payrang, o lakakawa no Pinpu finacadan, sowal to ko kalaswadan. Aniniay hakasi ato teloc no Pinpu finacadan misa’icelay, mikadkad mikilim to lekakawa ato sowal no niyah. Oya Kavalan finacadan mahamon to no Conghuaminko a sifo, palao cecay no finacadan yincuminco no Taywan, oya Siraya finacadan o nano Taynansi a telekan a cecay finawlan a yincumin, itiraay Kompo no Kalingko a Taivoan finacadan, Makatao finacadan, Siraya finacadan o setekan no kofa a yincuminco, nanay masarocod ko pihayda no takarawan sifo no Conghuaminko a mihaydaan.

O Pinpu yincumin a Ketagalan finacadan, Pazih finacadan, Kahawu finacadan, Makatao finacadan, Hoanya finacadan, Papora finacadan, Taokas finacadan a kasafinacadan, nai 1990 miheca miteka palowad to kacingangan onto no Pinpu, mingitangit pihamon no sifo to sakacingangan to yincuminco a Pinpu finacadan[32].

O congtong ci Tsai Ingwen nai 2016 miheca 8 folad 1 romi’ad yicuminco romi’ad pasiyincuminco a mili’ay, miketon mipangalat kacitodong no lekakawa, o kacingangan no Pinpu finacadan citodong to sakacisalongoc ato sakatadamaan. Tangasa i 2016 miheca 10 folad 7 romi’ad misetek k oSincenyin misalof to kacingangan to yincumin, pa’ayaw fa’elohay pihayda t oPinpu finacadan o “Pinpu yincumin” [33], saan i 2017 miheca 8 folad 17 romi’ad mihayda to nipifalic a lalowadan no rikec[34].

=== Finawlan ato kaliposak (人口與分佈) ===
O todong no Pinpu finacadan no Taywan a pipolong to tamdaw, sa’ayaway manengneng to no Netherland pikowan a pipalita to kika, o pisa’osi salongan 4 tangasa 6 ’ofadan itiya. Oya Makatao finacadan itini i Fongsan faloay niyaro’ mata’elifay ko ’ofadan satata’akay finacadan, saka tosa ’alomanay o itiniay i Tansui cepo’ a Kavalan finacadan[35]. O halafinay pikowan no Mancin mapalaPayrang to, pikowan to no Dipong kinapinapinaay mipalita, salongan i 4 tangasa 6 ’ofadan ko ka’aloman[36].  

I 1915 miheca a pipalitaan pahapinang, o Pinpu finacadan tamdaw o i Akao sakowan (aniniay Takaosi, Pintong sa’etal) ko sa’alomanay, makilatosaay no maecakay Fan finacadan ko tamdaw, saheto o aniniay Makatao ato Taivoan pa’atayan a finawlan. Kadadoedo o Taynan sakowan, Nanto sakowan, Kalingko sakowan, macalap ko 30% Pinpu finacadan tamdaw. Manengneng to itiniay tenokan ka’amisay sa’etal no Taywan, dengan o Yilan, Nanto i, kaitiraan no Pinpu finacadan caay toka’aloman[37].
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1905 miheca
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1915 miheca 
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1920 miheca
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1925 miheca
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1930 miheca
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1935 miheca
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1943 miheca
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |46,432
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |47,676
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |48,894
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |51,009
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |53,947
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |57,812
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |62,119
|}
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Kasasiiked  no sakadademak
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1915  mihecaabn tamdaw no finacadan
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Polong  no finacadan % i Taywan
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; | 
|47,676
|100%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Taypi  sakowan
|884
|1.85%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Yilan  sakowan
|2,240
|4.7%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Taoyin  sakowan
|438
|0.92%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Sinco  sakowan
|1,939
|4.07%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Taycong  sakowan
|589
|1.24%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Nanto  sakowan
|5,338
|11.2%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Ciayi  sakowan
|1,729
|3.63%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Taynan  sakowan
|5,920
|12.54%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Akao  sakowan
|21,697
|45.51%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Posong  sakowan
|2,318
|4.86%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Kalingko  sakowan
|4,584
|9.61%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Penho  sakowan
|0
|0%
|}
Midotoc to no Taisho 14 miheca (1925) ato Showa 10 miheca (1935) a pipalita no kitakit, sakowannay to Pinpu finacadan tamdaw ato %. 1925 mihecaan pipalita no kitakit o “maecakay” sanay ho ko sowal a  pitahidang.</text>
      <sha1>fhu6kaj6t7l1nnv47ofvfmu35zpxd8n</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>46919</id>
      <parentid>46918</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-07-07T01:17:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Masaonikar</username>
        <id>570</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Finawlan ato kaliposak (人口與分佈) */</comment>
      <origin>46919</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="23898" sha1="riqbde5vlrgu1htmhz4rdd9na73tmwn" xml:space="preserve">== Pinpu finacadan (平埔族群) ==
Pinpu finacadan, to hatiniay Pinpoco han ko pitahidang, o pisiiked to sapikown to yincumin no Taywan a tahidang koni[2]. O roma a tahidang o Kaosancu; ikor midoedo to mikingkiway, ponkaan, itiya a mafana’ to o ’alomanay a finacadan caay ko cecayay a finacadan sato, anini falican ko pitahidang o Pinpocu fuinacadan hanto. Oya ’alomanay Pinpuco finacadan tangsa anini caay ho haydaen no Conghuaminko sifo o yincuminco caira, dengan oya pakapian i ’Amis finacadan a Kavalan finacadan.

Pinpu finacadan i’ayaw no pikowan no netherland, spain itiya o “Aporicini-アボリジニ” han ko pitahidang; pikowan to no Mancin i, saheto o mapalatamdaway, maecakay finacadan[1], ato Nama no fan, wairudona fan sanay ko pasasi’ayaw[3]:12. Orasaka o Cori sareta, Aporicini-アボリジニ itiraay i “Dafdafay pala” (Pingti caopu), samasa o sowal pangangan o Pingpuah, Pucirin, Pingpufan (Payrang: Pi-poo-hoan; Inkiris Pepohoan[4][5][6]), onini “Pinpu” a sowal todong “Dafdaf” ano eca “enaray” sanay ko todong no sowal[7].

Tangasa to pikowan no Dipong a to’ek “Taywan Fancin demak” a tilidan o yincumin malitosa Kaosancu, Pinpuco[3]:13, kasaniyaro’ a Pinpuco finacadan ona palowaday to pifalic pala “Tongninco” sanay a syakay onto[5][8]. Tangasa no Conghuaminko to’ek a mikowan miteka o rayray no Pinpuco malasawaday to ko finacadan harateng, caay to pala o yincuminco cangra; ikor makerih to ko mikingkiway t ofinacadan no Taywan, onini likisi no Pinpuco miteka a masafaloco’ no syakay, nika o Pinpuco a finacadan ona oya “Pinpuco” koni finacadan, saan to ikor miliyaw a misilsil to kasasiiked masiroma[2][3]:18.

O Saisiyat ato Thao finadan ona nipacomodan i Pinpu a finacadan, nengnengen “Pinpuco”, “mapalatamdaway”, “maecakay finacadan” ato “manta’ finacadan” sanay ko pisiiked, onini o sakanga’ay no papotalay mikowan, caayay pidotoc to no yincuminco i nihamonan no niyah konini pisiiked, saka aniniay a pipangangan no Pinpu ano eca palowad to ngangan a onto. Tangasa 2022 miheca 10 folad 28 romi’ad, ono Conghuaminko kimpo a hoyin saki Silaya finacadan to kacingangan no yincumin a demak i, mihapiw to itiyaay ho “Rikec no kacingangan no yincumin” o caayay ka tatodong i kimpo, patodongen to tolo miheca ko pisalofan, mihayda to no Kaosancu a pisingsi malayincuminco o nano Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no Taywan, midotoc a pakayni sakacingangan nai tatapangan no rikec ko Pinpu finacadan[9].  

=== Likisi (歷史)   ===
O Pinpu a finacadan nai ’ayaw 17 sician katayni no Payrang i Taywan i, malesap nai ka’amis Yilan, Kilong tangasa katimol mililisay to saetip a riyar a dafdaf a sera, itira ira ko kasasiromaan no ponka, sowal, niyaro’ ko pihamon a saniyaro’an no sa’opo.

Pinpu a fuinacadan ka’amis nai Suaw ato Tayal a kasasilaed, katimol nai Fanliaw ato Paiwanfinacadan malalaed, ikor maepec no Payrang o roma i malinah tayra roma a pala, matiya o Hengcun, Puli, Kalingko Posong.

=== Pakayraan no sowal (詞源) ===
“Pinpu” a sowal a padotocan, manga’ay so’edacen nai Cingcao Yongceng pikowan Huangsujin “Taihai sicalu” (ikor no 1742 miheca), onini a tilid masowal ko “kasa Pinpu a saniyaro’” a sowal, ikor nai ci Chen Lunjiong a “Haikuo wencienlu” (1731 miheca) ira masadak ko “Pinpu yincumin” a sowal[3]:13.

Nawhani o ponka no yincumin macacofelay i no Payrang a finacadan, orasaka i ’ayaway no Payrang a rayray no likisi no Taywan masowal ko “Fan” [3]. Nai “Fan” a tilidan, pahecian a sowal a minengneng, “Fan” oya “macengelay” ato “omah” patatekoan, o maomahay a tamdaw sanay ko pitoro’, matiniay ko sa’orip. Nika, itini i romaay finacadan konengneng, “Fan” iraay ko mipelesay, miepecay a sowal[11].

I’ayaw yincumin no Taywan dengan o “niyaro’” ko iraay awaay ko “finacadan” sanay a latrkan[3]:12, orasaka o niyaro’ sato ko pitahidang. Tinako: Tacia kawaliay niyaro’ (tongsya) ato Tacia kaetipay niyaro’ “sisya” maro’ay, sacisowal sato o Tasya a tamdaw. O Pinpu finacadan ano eca Pinpu maecakay finacadan sanay a sowal i matiliday, o sapisiiked toya mangta’ay finacadan ato malafelay finacadan ato lotokay finacadan sanay ko pasasiromaan.

Talacawa nai 18 sician matilid no Mancin o Maecakay a Pinpu sanay ko pitahidang, mika itira i 19 sician mangalef ko nikasowal[4]. Rahodayen ko sowal, i 18 sician matilid o “Pinpu fan”, “Pinpu maecakay fan”, o patoro’ to itiraay i dafdafay no Pintong, dafdafay no Yilan, dafdafay no Posong ato dafdafay no Hengcun a yincumin finacadan. So’elinen ko sowal, o nisowalan no mita anini oya “Pinpu finacadan” tosaay ko pisimed to sasowalen: “Pinpu” ato “Maecakay finacadan”. O cecay a sowal “Pinpu” malifong i kasaniyaro’, oya “maecakay a finacadan” o sowal no mikowanay; nika soelinay, naikoran no Mancin, “Pinpu”, “Maecakay finacadan” itiraay i kasasiroma no finacadan, o mirarakatay a sdowal koni a pitahidang. O pisetek malecaday o pisiiked to sasiroma no sa’etal, tinako itiraay i Hencun, “Maecakay finacadan” snay a pisetek to micamolay to Payrang ato Yincumin, saka “Maecakay finacadan” a niyaro’ han ko pitahidang.  

=== Kasasiiked (分類) ===
Talacowa naira ko tamdawan, kasasiromaroma no tamdaw itiya to masasikihar ko ira ko “sasiiked no rocok”. Nika, kaira no tamdaw ira ko “finacadan” ato “finawlan” ko pisiiked to tamdaw o ikoray to ko nian, mangalef piteka no i’ayaw no 100 miheca picalap no micingcingay ato misatekeday ko pikowanan ho itiya. O Taywan saheto o “masiikeday ko finacadan” saka matiniay ko kamatira no to’ekan mapalowan.  

Ka Dipongan no Taywan o mitakedan a micowat ko pikowan to Taywan itiya, o patodong no pikowan, o pisapinangaw misolap ato sapinang to finacadan ato sera no Taywan, saan micowat misaiked to fanacadan no Taywan ko tayal (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b); tinako oya tayniay nai congko a Minan sa’etal a Ngayngay tamdaw palaPayrangen, ’ayaway nano Ngayngay palaNgayngayen ko pakika.

Miteka, hakasi no Dipong paretatenga oya maro’ay i dafdaf a Pinpu finacadan a yincumin malaPayrang to, dengan to oya “Pinpu finacadan” ano eca “Pinpufan” a nisowalan o pihaop aca, oya nisiikedan a finacadan palao “Takayamacu” patodong. Ikor, o hakasi no Dipong to mamalasawad a ponka no Pinpu finacadan ira to ko masatalolongay a nikafana’an saka, nanoya oya nisowalan a “Pinpu finacadan”, so’elinen halo adihayay kasasiroma no sowal, kasasiroma a ponka no finacadan.

Nikawrira, ’ayaw no 90 no mihecaan, o hakasi sakiPinpu finacadan masasiroma ko pisiiked, ira ko 7 finacadan 14 sangasaw, ira ko 8 finacadan, 9 finacadan, 10 finacadan, 12 finacadan sanay (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b).

Midotoc to aniniay mikingkiway pahecian, saki “Pinpu finacadan”, “Takayamacu” a kasasiiked, caay ko tataparan sanay masasiiked ko finawlan, o nano nai 17 sician ko nisanga’an a likisi, nawhani kasafinacadan a ’orip a sofal ato Palapayrangan a ko saka milafotay to calay. Roma a sowal, o nian “Pinpu finacadan” a kasasiroma no ponka, latek ikaka to cecay no “Pinpucu” ato cecay no “Takasakoco” a kasasiroma, o cecay no “Pinpu finacadan” ato cecay no “Takasako finacadan” latek oya cecayay a finacadan. Tinako sasowalen, nai sowal ato ponka ko pinengneng, samangataay to no ’Amis finacadan a Slaya, Taman ato Makataw finacadan no Taywan a Pinpu finacadan; o sowal ato Saysiyak finacadan mangata to Loylon finacadan no yincuminco.

=== Pakayraan no finacadan (族源) ===
Midoedo to no aniniay nipikingkiw misaheci, pakayraan no Pinpuco a ponka saheto o nai Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no Taywan. Onini a finacadan malesap itini i Taypinyang ato Intoyang, samaraayay manga’ay rapoten koya maraayay to Taywan a Easter Island ato Madagascar.

Dotocen ko kaitiraan, o itiraay i paka’amisay a finacadan no Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan i Taywan ko Pinpu a finacadan. So’elinen o I’ayaway no fa’elohay fokelohan a to’ek ko kaira ano eca talahakel i Taywan ko Pinpu finacadan, o nano mikiriyaray a finacadan. O piwacay no Yincuminco wiyinhuy to yincuminco no Taywan ato Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no hekal a kasakihar i pahapinang to o “nao Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan ko finacadan no Taywan, sakitamdawan ono Malay a tamdawan saka, o paka’amisay no Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan ko Taywan” saan[12].

==== No kaDipongan to’ek a pisilsil (日治時期的分類) ====
Saki Pinpu finacadan a pisilisil, awaay ko masongila’ay a kadadoedo no pisilsil i pikowan no Dipong to Taywan. Itira sa i Netherland a mikowan dengan sa o no kasaniyaro’ a ngangan, oraan sa ko pidoedoan kasasilsil no sa’etal, masa’isal ko pinapina sa’etal no finacadan. Ono i Mancin ni Huang Shujing to “Fansu liukao” a tilid i, malecad to pakayni kasasilsil a palaan misiiked a 13 niyaro’ ko yincumin funacadan.

Tangasa no Dipongan a to’ak, ona Ino Yoshinori, awaya den'nojo a “Taiwan yicumin mondai” (1900) a tilidan itiya to madadoedo ko pisilsil misiiked, ikor to ni Ino Yoshinori a “Taiwan yincumin seici” (1900) a tilidan, itiya masalof ko kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan, kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan ira: Ketagalan, Kavalan, Taokas, Pazih, Papora, Babuza, Arikun, Lloa, Siraya, Makattao 10 finacadan.

Oni Ino Yoshinori a nisiikedan kadadoedo o kacipinangan to pidoedoan, ona Igawa Kazo, Ogawa Tadayoshi, Mabuchi Toichi o pasadakay to kasasiiked siroma no pisilsil (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b). o kalaliyangan ira ko pinapina:

Pakayni to na 2 finacadan Arikun ato Lloa o papalacecayen ko finacadan: o roma a hakasi pasilacecay han koni 2 finacadan, o Hoanya a finacadan han saan. Nika midotoc to no hakasi ca Yung Kayin and Chung Yulan a pisapinang i, paretatenga to Hoanya alatek o nano Folaohua (Fan) a moraraway ko pipasetek. Ono finacadan to inika sasiroma no pihamon, pako niyah sa ko paratatenga.

’Eca ko malecaday to no Ketagalan a finacadan, ano eca padoedoen ho ko pisiiked. Pakayni to sowalan hakasi ca Tsuchida Shigeru aci Lee Inkee paretatenga a nisowalan, oya Ketagalan finacadan salongan malitoloay kasasiroma no sowal saan: Basay, Leilang ato Kulon. Oya Siraiya, Taivoan ato Makattao o masasiromaay ano eca o cecay a finacadan. Tangasa anini o ’alomanay a hakasi a midoedoan tono mikarkaray to notamdawan, sowalan ato lodisan masapinang, patongal no finacadan pihamon to niyah, paretatenga o na toloay ngasaw o masasiromaay caayay kalecad a yincuminco[13][14][15][16][17][18].   

Oni Ikawako no Zang itiniay ni Ino Kasunori saceker mapacomod ko Thao finacadan, o nano Pinpu finacadan ano eca o kaosanco finacadan.

==== Ikoray no kalalood a pisiiked (戰後的分類) ====
Pinapina mihecaan, no hakasi sakiPinpu finacadan a pisiiked, ira to ko fa’elohay a nengneng. No Dipong a hakasi ci Tsuchida Shigeru i 1985 mihecaan misiikedan (nengneng Tsuchida 1985), masiiked ko Pinpu finacadan to 12 finacadan: oya Kavalan, Basay, Ketagalan, Kulon, Taokas, Pazih, Papora, Babuza, Hoanya, Siraya, Makattao, Taivoan a finacadan.

Oni Li Yiyuan misiikedan to Pinpu finacadan masiiked 10 finacadan, oya Kavalan, Kentagalan, Luilang, Taokas, Papora, Babiza, Hoanya, Pazeh, Suisalien(Thau), Siraya finacadan[19]:14.  

Taywan sowalan hakasi ci Li Rengui ira ko masasiromaay a nengneng, nai 1996 miheca “Taywan Pinpu finacadan kasasiiked ato kasasikihar masiiked” a tilid, pasadak to 7 finacadan 14 ko sangasaw a nengneng: Thau, Kavalan, Ketagalan [5], Baburan [6], Pazih, Hoanya, Siraya. Ikor pakayni i sowal fa’elohay kasapinang, I 2006 miheca ato 2010 miheca mihapiw to nitilidan, oya Taivoan ato Makattao nai kaetipay Siraya amasadak[13][14].   

=== Kasamihecaan kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan. (歷年平埔族群分類)[20][21][22][23] ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
| colspan=&quot;19&quot; |'''歷年平埔族群分類'''
|-
|'''年代'''
|'''研究者'''
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; |'''族名'''
|-
|1904
|伊能嘉矩
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Vupuran
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Poavosa
|Arikun
|Lloa
|Pazzehe
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|Makattao
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1930
|移川子之藏
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Vupuran
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazeh
|Sao
|Tao
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1935
|小川尚義
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Vupuran
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazzehe
|Sao
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1944
|小川尚義
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|Luilang
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Papora
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazeh
|Sao
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1951
|張耀錡
|卡瓦蘭

（Kavalan）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |凱達格蘭

（Ketagalan）
|道卡斯

（Taokas）
|拍瀑拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴布薩

（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
|拍宰海

（Pazeh）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |西拉雅

（Siraya）
|四社熟番

（Taivoan）
|-
|1955
|李亦園
|噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|雷朗

（Luilang）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |凱達格蘭

（Ketagalan）
|道卡斯

（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |貓霧拺

（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |和安雅

（Hoanya）
|巴則海

（Pazeh）
|水沙連
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1970
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |台灣省通志
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |卡瓦蘭

（Kavalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |凱達格蘭

（Ketagalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |道卡斯

（Taokas）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |拍瀑拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴布薩

（Babuza／Poavasa）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅（Hoanya）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴則海

（Pazeh／Pazex）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
|Arikun
|Lloa
|馬卡道
|西拉雅
|四社熟番
|-
|1985-1991
|土田滋
|Kavalan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ketagalan
|Basay
|Kulon
|Taokas
|Papora
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazzahe
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|Makatao
|Siraya
|Taivoan
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1991
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |李壬癸
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |凱達格蘭（Ketagalan）
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |巴布薩（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴則海

（Pazeh）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |邵

（Thao）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
|雷朗（Luilang）
|哆囉美遠

（Trobian）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴賽（Basay）
|道卡斯（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
|貓霧拺（Babuza）
|費佛朗

（Favorlang）
|Makatao
|Siraya
|Taivoan
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1996
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |李壬癸
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |猴猴

（Qauqaut）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |凱達格蘭（Ketagalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |龜崙

（Kulon）
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |巴布蘭（Baburan）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴則海

（Pazeh）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |邵

（Thao）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
|雷朗（Luilang）
|哆囉美遠

（Trobian）
|馬賽（Basay）
|道卡斯（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
|貓霧拺（Babuza）
|費佛朗

（Favorlang）
|馬卡道（Makatao）
|西拉雅（Siraya）
|四社熟番（Taivoan）
|-
|2006-2010
|李壬癸
|噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |巴賽（凱達格蘭）

（Basay (Ketagalan)）
|龜崙

（Kulon）
|道卡斯

（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |貓霧拺（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
|巴宰

（Pazih）
|邵

（Thao）
|馬卡道（Makatao）
|西拉雅（Siraya）
|大武壠（Taivoan）
|}

=== Padetengan no finacadan (主要族群) ===
Ka’amis Taywan Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan

Tayal finacadan

Tayal Mie ngasaw

Kaetip ka’amis sowal finacadan

Saysyak finacadan (’ayaway pisiiked)

Kulon finacadan

Pazih finacadan

Pazih finacadan (palowad to sowal) [24][25]

Kahawu finacadan (palowad to sowal) [26][27][28]

Kaetip dafdafay sowal finacadan

Thao finacadan (’ayaway pisiiked)

Taokas finacadan (palowad to sowal) [29]

Papora finacadan

Babuza finacadan

Favorlang finacadan

Hoanya finacadan

Arikun finacadan

Lloa finacadan

Katimol Taywan Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan

Paiwan sowal finacadan

Paiwan Scaro ngasaw

Bunun sowal finacadan

Bunun finacadan Po ngasaw 

Kawali Taywan Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan 

Ka’amisay sowal finacadan

Kavalan finacadan (ira ho ko sowal) 

Houhou finacadan

Ketagalan finacadan

Luilang finacadan

Pazih finacadan (palowad to sowal)[30]

Trobian finacadan

Linao finacadan 

Kaetip katimolay sowal finacadan

Siraya finacadan (palowad to sowal)

Makatao finacadan

Tajialiyang tamdaw

Fangsuo tamdaw

Langqiao tamdaw

Xiaoliuqiu tamdaw

Taivoan finacadan (palowad to sowal) [7]

=== Ponka (文化) ===
Pa’atayan ngangan (姓氏)

Tadamaan ko pa’atayan ngangan no Pinpu finacadan, nawhani masaPayrangay to, saka palasawad hananay to ko tadapa’atayan ngangan ato pipangangan a rocok no Pinpu finacadan, mialaay to tono Payrangan a pa’atayan, midotoc to mikadadoedoedo no finacadan ato sangasaw a pihamon, adihay to ko nipicamol to no Payrang tamdaw, Ngangay tamdaw, roma naikoran to no kalalood mafolaway a Payrang ira aca ko kasasiroma no pa’atayan ngangan, onini pa’atayan ngangan ato pafelian a mikadadoedoedo no finacadan, malo no Pinpu finacadan no niyah pihamonan ko tadamaanay pidotocan[31].

Pafalian a pa’atayan ngangan: Pan

Roma pa’atayan ngangan: Chen, Liu, Huang, Dai, Lai.

Tadamaan pa’atayan ngangan: Bing, Yue, Bang, Yi, Ji, Yi, Li, Mao, Mao, Tong, Nian, Dong, Yan, Ai, He, Cheng, Mai, Hou, Biao, Hong, Shuang, Jiao, Feng, Shi, Zhang, Zhui, Chu, Nai, Wei, Du, Zhen, Yu, Jie, Zhao, Yong, Hu, Zhen, Xie, Mai, Zhang, Xi, Yong, Yi, Jie, Bei, Liu, Shui, Li, Gang, Kun, Zhuo, Ya, Tuo, Mi, Wu, Xin, Kang, Zhang, Chang, Shuang, Gan, Zhuang.

=== Lisin (祭祀) ===
Itini i ka’oripan to romi’ami’adan ko kaira no lisin no Pinpu finacadan, ano sowalen, patodongan no lisin oya serayan a kinaira ko nito’ongan, o pakayraan no pidemak o nikaira no to’asan a pingodo. Siikeden, malitoloay ko pita’ong no Pinpu finacadan to tato’asan:

Comikayay to’asan lisin, mararid ko itiraay tenokan no Taywan a Pazeh finacadan, Papora finacadan,Taokas finacadan, pangangan no lisin itiyaay a lisin a kacomikayan ko todong, mahaenay a lisin roma matiyaay no kaemangay licekah kakomodan sakaira.

Katimolay Siraya finacadan, Makatao finacadan a to’asan lisin oya koreng ko todong tireng no to’asan a mita’ong, matiniay a pita’ong a lekakawa ato ’okak no to’asan pita’ong. Nika ngataay a Taivoan finacadan caay pita’ong to koreng, caay paso’elin t okaitira no to’asan i koreng, o paso’elinan tato’asan itiraay i kapolongan pita’omngan ko pipasayraan mipacakat to kawas.

Ka’amisan no Taywan a Pinpu finacadan Ketagalan finacadan, Kavalan finacadan ano eca Luilang finacadan, pita’ong to to’asan awaay ko todong kaitiraan a mita’ong.

=== Palowasd to serayan (文化復振) ===
Nawhani masaso’otay to ko kacacofel to Payrang, o lakakawa no Pinpu finacadan, sowal to ko kalaswadan. Aniniay hakasi ato teloc no Pinpu finacadan misa’icelay, mikadkad mikilim to lekakawa ato sowal no niyah. Oya Kavalan finacadan mahamon to no Conghuaminko a sifo, palao cecay no finacadan yincuminco no Taywan, oya Siraya finacadan o nano Taynansi a telekan a cecay finawlan a yincumin, itiraay Kompo no Kalingko a Taivoan finacadan, Makatao finacadan, Siraya finacadan o setekan no kofa a yincuminco, nanay masarocod ko pihayda no takarawan sifo no Conghuaminko a mihaydaan.

O Pinpu yincumin a Ketagalan finacadan, Pazih finacadan, Kahawu finacadan, Makatao finacadan, Hoanya finacadan, Papora finacadan, Taokas finacadan a kasafinacadan, nai 1990 miheca miteka palowad to kacingangan onto no Pinpu, mingitangit pihamon no sifo to sakacingangan to yincuminco a Pinpu finacadan[32].

O congtong ci Tsai Ingwen nai 2016 miheca 8 folad 1 romi’ad yicuminco romi’ad pasiyincuminco a mili’ay, miketon mipangalat kacitodong no lekakawa, o kacingangan no Pinpu finacadan citodong to sakacisalongoc ato sakatadamaan. Tangasa i 2016 miheca 10 folad 7 romi’ad misetek k oSincenyin misalof to kacingangan to yincumin, pa’ayaw fa’elohay pihayda t oPinpu finacadan o “Pinpu yincumin” [33], saan i 2017 miheca 8 folad 17 romi’ad mihayda to nipifalic a lalowadan no rikec[34].

=== Finawlan ato kaliposak (人口與分佈) ===
O todong no Pinpu finacadan no Taywan a pipolong to tamdaw, sa’ayaway manengneng to no Netherland pikowan a pipalita to kika, o pisa’osi salongan 4 tangasa 6 ’ofadan itiya. Oya Makatao finacadan itini i Fongsan faloay niyaro’ mata’elifay ko ’ofadan satata’akay finacadan, saka tosa ’alomanay o itiniay i Tansui cepo’ a Kavalan finacadan[35]. O halafinay pikowan no Mancin mapalaPayrang to, pikowan to no Dipong kinapinapinaay mipalita, salongan i 4 tangasa 6 ’ofadan ko ka’aloman[36].  

I 1915 miheca a pipalitaan pahapinang, o Pinpu finacadan tamdaw o i Akao sakowan (aniniay Takaosi, Pintong sa’etal) ko sa’alomanay, makilatosaay no maecakay Fan finacadan ko tamdaw, saheto o aniniay Makatao ato Taivoan pa’atayan a finawlan. Kadadoedo o Taynan sakowan, Nanto sakowan, Kalingko sakowan, macalap ko 30% Pinpu finacadan tamdaw. Manengneng to itiniay tenokan ka’amisay sa’etal no Taywan, dengan o Yilan, Nanto i, kaitiraan no Pinpu finacadan caay toka’aloman[37].
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1905 miheca
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1915 miheca 
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1920 miheca
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1925 miheca
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1930 miheca
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1935 miheca
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1943 miheca
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |46,432
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |47,676
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |48,894
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |51,009
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |53,947
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |57,812
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |62,119
|}
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Kasasiiked  no sakadademak
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1915  mihecaabn tamdaw no finacadan
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Polong  no finacadan % i Taywan
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; | 
|47,676
|100%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Taypi  sakowan
|884
|1.85%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Yilan  sakowan
|2,240
|4.7%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Taoyin  sakowan
|438
|0.92%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Sinco  sakowan
|1,939
|4.07%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Taycong  sakowan
|589
|1.24%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Nanto  sakowan
|5,338
|11.2%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Ciayi  sakowan
|1,729
|3.63%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Taynan  sakowan
|5,920
|12.54%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Akao  sakowan
|21,697
|45.51%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Posong  sakowan
|2,318
|4.86%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Kalingko  sakowan
|4,584
|9.61%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Penho  sakowan
|0
|0%
|}
Midotoc to no Taisho 14 miheca (1925) ato Showa 10 miheca (1935) a pipalita no kitakit, sakowannay to Pinpu finacadan tamdaw ato %. 1925 mihecaan pipalita no kitakit o “maecakay” sanay ho ko sowal a  pitahidang.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Kasa’etal no pikowan
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1925 mihecaan kapolongan no tamdaw
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1925 maecakay tamdaw
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1925 miheca micalapay tamdaw %
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1935 polong no tamdaw
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1935 Pinpu finacadan tamdaw
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1935 miheca polong tamdaw %
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Polong no Taywan
|3,993,408
|51,009
|1.3%
|5,212,426
|57,812
|1.1%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Taypi sakowan
|814,778
|2,622
|0.3%
|1,024,546
|2,358
|0.2%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Sinco sakowan
|597,576
|2,460
|0.4%
|712,309
|2,551
|0.4%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Taycong sakowan
|865,829
|6,519
|0.8%
|1,162,247
|7,210
|0.6%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Taynan sakowan
|1,029,361
|8,177
|0.8%
|1,332,187
|9,422
|0.7%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Takao sakowan
|584,259
|23,319
|4.0%
|732,819
|26,562
|3.6%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Posong sakowan
|42,671
|2,804
|6.6%
|70,710
|3,700
|5.2%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Kalingko sakowan
|58,934
|5,108
|8.7%
|111,497
|6,009
|5.4%
|}</text>
      <sha1>riqbde5vlrgu1htmhz4rdd9na73tmwn</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>46920</id>
      <parentid>46919</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-07-07T01:17:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Masaonikar</username>
        <id>570</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Finawlan ato kaliposak (人口與分佈) */</comment>
      <origin>46920</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="24178" sha1="5u05pn6d9eie1nzb5ltc4ioviu2w04j" xml:space="preserve">== Pinpu finacadan (平埔族群) ==
Pinpu finacadan, to hatiniay Pinpoco han ko pitahidang, o pisiiked to sapikown to yincumin no Taywan a tahidang koni[2]. O roma a tahidang o Kaosancu; ikor midoedo to mikingkiway, ponkaan, itiya a mafana’ to o ’alomanay a finacadan caay ko cecayay a finacadan sato, anini falican ko pitahidang o Pinpocu fuinacadan hanto. Oya ’alomanay Pinpuco finacadan tangsa anini caay ho haydaen no Conghuaminko sifo o yincuminco caira, dengan oya pakapian i ’Amis finacadan a Kavalan finacadan.

Pinpu finacadan i’ayaw no pikowan no netherland, spain itiya o “Aporicini-アボリジニ” han ko pitahidang; pikowan to no Mancin i, saheto o mapalatamdaway, maecakay finacadan[1], ato Nama no fan, wairudona fan sanay ko pasasi’ayaw[3]:12. Orasaka o Cori sareta, Aporicini-アボリジニ itiraay i “Dafdafay pala” (Pingti caopu), samasa o sowal pangangan o Pingpuah, Pucirin, Pingpufan (Payrang: Pi-poo-hoan; Inkiris Pepohoan[4][5][6]), onini “Pinpu” a sowal todong “Dafdaf” ano eca “enaray” sanay ko todong no sowal[7].

Tangasa to pikowan no Dipong a to’ek “Taywan Fancin demak” a tilidan o yincumin malitosa Kaosancu, Pinpuco[3]:13, kasaniyaro’ a Pinpuco finacadan ona palowaday to pifalic pala “Tongninco” sanay a syakay onto[5][8]. Tangasa no Conghuaminko to’ek a mikowan miteka o rayray no Pinpuco malasawaday to ko finacadan harateng, caay to pala o yincuminco cangra; ikor makerih to ko mikingkiway t ofinacadan no Taywan, onini likisi no Pinpuco miteka a masafaloco’ no syakay, nika o Pinpuco a finacadan ona oya “Pinpuco” koni finacadan, saan to ikor miliyaw a misilsil to kasasiiked masiroma[2][3]:18.

O Saisiyat ato Thao finadan ona nipacomodan i Pinpu a finacadan, nengnengen “Pinpuco”, “mapalatamdaway”, “maecakay finacadan” ato “manta’ finacadan” sanay ko pisiiked, onini o sakanga’ay no papotalay mikowan, caayay pidotoc to no yincuminco i nihamonan no niyah konini pisiiked, saka aniniay a pipangangan no Pinpu ano eca palowad to ngangan a onto. Tangasa 2022 miheca 10 folad 28 romi’ad, ono Conghuaminko kimpo a hoyin saki Silaya finacadan to kacingangan no yincumin a demak i, mihapiw to itiyaay ho “Rikec no kacingangan no yincumin” o caayay ka tatodong i kimpo, patodongen to tolo miheca ko pisalofan, mihayda to no Kaosancu a pisingsi malayincuminco o nano Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no Taywan, midotoc a pakayni sakacingangan nai tatapangan no rikec ko Pinpu finacadan[9].  

=== Likisi (歷史)   ===
O Pinpu a finacadan nai ’ayaw 17 sician katayni no Payrang i Taywan i, malesap nai ka’amis Yilan, Kilong tangasa katimol mililisay to saetip a riyar a dafdaf a sera, itira ira ko kasasiromaan no ponka, sowal, niyaro’ ko pihamon a saniyaro’an no sa’opo.

Pinpu a fuinacadan ka’amis nai Suaw ato Tayal a kasasilaed, katimol nai Fanliaw ato Paiwanfinacadan malalaed, ikor maepec no Payrang o roma i malinah tayra roma a pala, matiya o Hengcun, Puli, Kalingko Posong.

=== Pakayraan no sowal (詞源) ===
“Pinpu” a sowal a padotocan, manga’ay so’edacen nai Cingcao Yongceng pikowan Huangsujin “Taihai sicalu” (ikor no 1742 miheca), onini a tilid masowal ko “kasa Pinpu a saniyaro’” a sowal, ikor nai ci Chen Lunjiong a “Haikuo wencienlu” (1731 miheca) ira masadak ko “Pinpu yincumin” a sowal[3]:13.

Nawhani o ponka no yincumin macacofelay i no Payrang a finacadan, orasaka i ’ayaway no Payrang a rayray no likisi no Taywan masowal ko “Fan” [3]. Nai “Fan” a tilidan, pahecian a sowal a minengneng, “Fan” oya “macengelay” ato “omah” patatekoan, o maomahay a tamdaw sanay ko pitoro’, matiniay ko sa’orip. Nika, itini i romaay finacadan konengneng, “Fan” iraay ko mipelesay, miepecay a sowal[11].

I’ayaw yincumin no Taywan dengan o “niyaro’” ko iraay awaay ko “finacadan” sanay a latrkan[3]:12, orasaka o niyaro’ sato ko pitahidang. Tinako: Tacia kawaliay niyaro’ (tongsya) ato Tacia kaetipay niyaro’ “sisya” maro’ay, sacisowal sato o Tasya a tamdaw. O Pinpu finacadan ano eca Pinpu maecakay finacadan sanay a sowal i matiliday, o sapisiiked toya mangta’ay finacadan ato malafelay finacadan ato lotokay finacadan sanay ko pasasiromaan.

Talacawa nai 18 sician matilid no Mancin o Maecakay a Pinpu sanay ko pitahidang, mika itira i 19 sician mangalef ko nikasowal[4]. Rahodayen ko sowal, i 18 sician matilid o “Pinpu fan”, “Pinpu maecakay fan”, o patoro’ to itiraay i dafdafay no Pintong, dafdafay no Yilan, dafdafay no Posong ato dafdafay no Hengcun a yincumin finacadan. So’elinen ko sowal, o nisowalan no mita anini oya “Pinpu finacadan” tosaay ko pisimed to sasowalen: “Pinpu” ato “Maecakay finacadan”. O cecay a sowal “Pinpu” malifong i kasaniyaro’, oya “maecakay a finacadan” o sowal no mikowanay; nika soelinay, naikoran no Mancin, “Pinpu”, “Maecakay finacadan” itiraay i kasasiroma no finacadan, o mirarakatay a sdowal koni a pitahidang. O pisetek malecaday o pisiiked to sasiroma no sa’etal, tinako itiraay i Hencun, “Maecakay finacadan” snay a pisetek to micamolay to Payrang ato Yincumin, saka “Maecakay finacadan” a niyaro’ han ko pitahidang.  

=== Kasasiiked (分類) ===
Talacowa naira ko tamdawan, kasasiromaroma no tamdaw itiya to masasikihar ko ira ko “sasiiked no rocok”. Nika, kaira no tamdaw ira ko “finacadan” ato “finawlan” ko pisiiked to tamdaw o ikoray to ko nian, mangalef piteka no i’ayaw no 100 miheca picalap no micingcingay ato misatekeday ko pikowanan ho itiya. O Taywan saheto o “masiikeday ko finacadan” saka matiniay ko kamatira no to’ekan mapalowan.  

Ka Dipongan no Taywan o mitakedan a micowat ko pikowan to Taywan itiya, o patodong no pikowan, o pisapinangaw misolap ato sapinang to finacadan ato sera no Taywan, saan micowat misaiked to fanacadan no Taywan ko tayal (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b); tinako oya tayniay nai congko a Minan sa’etal a Ngayngay tamdaw palaPayrangen, ’ayaway nano Ngayngay palaNgayngayen ko pakika.

Miteka, hakasi no Dipong paretatenga oya maro’ay i dafdaf a Pinpu finacadan a yincumin malaPayrang to, dengan to oya “Pinpu finacadan” ano eca “Pinpufan” a nisowalan o pihaop aca, oya nisiikedan a finacadan palao “Takayamacu” patodong. Ikor, o hakasi no Dipong to mamalasawad a ponka no Pinpu finacadan ira to ko masatalolongay a nikafana’an saka, nanoya oya nisowalan a “Pinpu finacadan”, so’elinen halo adihayay kasasiroma no sowal, kasasiroma a ponka no finacadan.

Nikawrira, ’ayaw no 90 no mihecaan, o hakasi sakiPinpu finacadan masasiroma ko pisiiked, ira ko 7 finacadan 14 sangasaw, ira ko 8 finacadan, 9 finacadan, 10 finacadan, 12 finacadan sanay (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b).

Midotoc to aniniay mikingkiway pahecian, saki “Pinpu finacadan”, “Takayamacu” a kasasiiked, caay ko tataparan sanay masasiiked ko finawlan, o nano nai 17 sician ko nisanga’an a likisi, nawhani kasafinacadan a ’orip a sofal ato Palapayrangan a ko saka milafotay to calay. Roma a sowal, o nian “Pinpu finacadan” a kasasiroma no ponka, latek ikaka to cecay no “Pinpucu” ato cecay no “Takasakoco” a kasasiroma, o cecay no “Pinpu finacadan” ato cecay no “Takasako finacadan” latek oya cecayay a finacadan. Tinako sasowalen, nai sowal ato ponka ko pinengneng, samangataay to no ’Amis finacadan a Slaya, Taman ato Makataw finacadan no Taywan a Pinpu finacadan; o sowal ato Saysiyak finacadan mangata to Loylon finacadan no yincuminco.

=== Pakayraan no finacadan (族源) ===
Midoedo to no aniniay nipikingkiw misaheci, pakayraan no Pinpuco a ponka saheto o nai Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no Taywan. Onini a finacadan malesap itini i Taypinyang ato Intoyang, samaraayay manga’ay rapoten koya maraayay to Taywan a Easter Island ato Madagascar.

Dotocen ko kaitiraan, o itiraay i paka’amisay a finacadan no Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan i Taywan ko Pinpu a finacadan. So’elinen o I’ayaway no fa’elohay fokelohan a to’ek ko kaira ano eca talahakel i Taywan ko Pinpu finacadan, o nano mikiriyaray a finacadan. O piwacay no Yincuminco wiyinhuy to yincuminco no Taywan ato Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no hekal a kasakihar i pahapinang to o “nao Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan ko finacadan no Taywan, sakitamdawan ono Malay a tamdawan saka, o paka’amisay no Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan ko Taywan” saan[12].

==== No kaDipongan to’ek a pisilsil (日治時期的分類) ====
Saki Pinpu finacadan a pisilisil, awaay ko masongila’ay a kadadoedo no pisilsil i pikowan no Dipong to Taywan. Itira sa i Netherland a mikowan dengan sa o no kasaniyaro’ a ngangan, oraan sa ko pidoedoan kasasilsil no sa’etal, masa’isal ko pinapina sa’etal no finacadan. Ono i Mancin ni Huang Shujing to “Fansu liukao” a tilid i, malecad to pakayni kasasilsil a palaan misiiked a 13 niyaro’ ko yincumin funacadan.

Tangasa no Dipongan a to’ak, ona Ino Yoshinori, awaya den'nojo a “Taiwan yicumin mondai” (1900) a tilidan itiya to madadoedo ko pisilsil misiiked, ikor to ni Ino Yoshinori a “Taiwan yincumin seici” (1900) a tilidan, itiya masalof ko kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan, kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan ira: Ketagalan, Kavalan, Taokas, Pazih, Papora, Babuza, Arikun, Lloa, Siraya, Makattao 10 finacadan.

Oni Ino Yoshinori a nisiikedan kadadoedo o kacipinangan to pidoedoan, ona Igawa Kazo, Ogawa Tadayoshi, Mabuchi Toichi o pasadakay to kasasiiked siroma no pisilsil (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b). o kalaliyangan ira ko pinapina:

Pakayni to na 2 finacadan Arikun ato Lloa o papalacecayen ko finacadan: o roma a hakasi pasilacecay han koni 2 finacadan, o Hoanya a finacadan han saan. Nika midotoc to no hakasi ca Yung Kayin and Chung Yulan a pisapinang i, paretatenga to Hoanya alatek o nano Folaohua (Fan) a moraraway ko pipasetek. Ono finacadan to inika sasiroma no pihamon, pako niyah sa ko paratatenga.

’Eca ko malecaday to no Ketagalan a finacadan, ano eca padoedoen ho ko pisiiked. Pakayni to sowalan hakasi ca Tsuchida Shigeru aci Lee Inkee paretatenga a nisowalan, oya Ketagalan finacadan salongan malitoloay kasasiroma no sowal saan: Basay, Leilang ato Kulon. Oya Siraiya, Taivoan ato Makattao o masasiromaay ano eca o cecay a finacadan. Tangasa anini o ’alomanay a hakasi a midoedoan tono mikarkaray to notamdawan, sowalan ato lodisan masapinang, patongal no finacadan pihamon to niyah, paretatenga o na toloay ngasaw o masasiromaay caayay kalecad a yincuminco[13][14][15][16][17][18].   

Oni Ikawako no Zang itiniay ni Ino Kasunori saceker mapacomod ko Thao finacadan, o nano Pinpu finacadan ano eca o kaosanco finacadan.

==== Ikoray no kalalood a pisiiked (戰後的分類) ====
Pinapina mihecaan, no hakasi sakiPinpu finacadan a pisiiked, ira to ko fa’elohay a nengneng. No Dipong a hakasi ci Tsuchida Shigeru i 1985 mihecaan misiikedan (nengneng Tsuchida 1985), masiiked ko Pinpu finacadan to 12 finacadan: oya Kavalan, Basay, Ketagalan, Kulon, Taokas, Pazih, Papora, Babuza, Hoanya, Siraya, Makattao, Taivoan a finacadan.

Oni Li Yiyuan misiikedan to Pinpu finacadan masiiked 10 finacadan, oya Kavalan, Kentagalan, Luilang, Taokas, Papora, Babiza, Hoanya, Pazeh, Suisalien(Thau), Siraya finacadan[19]:14.  

Taywan sowalan hakasi ci Li Rengui ira ko masasiromaay a nengneng, nai 1996 miheca “Taywan Pinpu finacadan kasasiiked ato kasasikihar masiiked” a tilid, pasadak to 7 finacadan 14 ko sangasaw a nengneng: Thau, Kavalan, Ketagalan [5], Baburan [6], Pazih, Hoanya, Siraya. Ikor pakayni i sowal fa’elohay kasapinang, I 2006 miheca ato 2010 miheca mihapiw to nitilidan, oya Taivoan ato Makattao nai kaetipay Siraya amasadak[13][14].   

=== Kasamihecaan kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan. (歷年平埔族群分類)[20][21][22][23] ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
| colspan=&quot;19&quot; |'''歷年平埔族群分類'''
|-
|'''年代'''
|'''研究者'''
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; |'''族名'''
|-
|1904
|伊能嘉矩
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Vupuran
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Poavosa
|Arikun
|Lloa
|Pazzehe
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|Makattao
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1930
|移川子之藏
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Vupuran
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazeh
|Sao
|Tao
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1935
|小川尚義
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Vupuran
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazzehe
|Sao
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1944
|小川尚義
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|Luilang
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Papora
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazeh
|Sao
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1951
|張耀錡
|卡瓦蘭

（Kavalan）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |凱達格蘭

（Ketagalan）
|道卡斯

（Taokas）
|拍瀑拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴布薩

（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
|拍宰海

（Pazeh）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |西拉雅

（Siraya）
|四社熟番

（Taivoan）
|-
|1955
|李亦園
|噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|雷朗

（Luilang）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |凱達格蘭

（Ketagalan）
|道卡斯

（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |貓霧拺

（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |和安雅

（Hoanya）
|巴則海

（Pazeh）
|水沙連
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1970
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |台灣省通志
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |卡瓦蘭

（Kavalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |凱達格蘭

（Ketagalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |道卡斯

（Taokas）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |拍瀑拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴布薩

（Babuza／Poavasa）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅（Hoanya）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴則海

（Pazeh／Pazex）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
|Arikun
|Lloa
|馬卡道
|西拉雅
|四社熟番
|-
|1985-1991
|土田滋
|Kavalan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ketagalan
|Basay
|Kulon
|Taokas
|Papora
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazzahe
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|Makatao
|Siraya
|Taivoan
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1991
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |李壬癸
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |凱達格蘭（Ketagalan）
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |巴布薩（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴則海

（Pazeh）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |邵

（Thao）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
|雷朗（Luilang）
|哆囉美遠

（Trobian）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴賽（Basay）
|道卡斯（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
|貓霧拺（Babuza）
|費佛朗

（Favorlang）
|Makatao
|Siraya
|Taivoan
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1996
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |李壬癸
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |猴猴

（Qauqaut）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |凱達格蘭（Ketagalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |龜崙

（Kulon）
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |巴布蘭（Baburan）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴則海

（Pazeh）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |邵

（Thao）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
|雷朗（Luilang）
|哆囉美遠

（Trobian）
|馬賽（Basay）
|道卡斯（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
|貓霧拺（Babuza）
|費佛朗

（Favorlang）
|馬卡道（Makatao）
|西拉雅（Siraya）
|四社熟番（Taivoan）
|-
|2006-2010
|李壬癸
|噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |巴賽（凱達格蘭）

（Basay (Ketagalan)）
|龜崙

（Kulon）
|道卡斯

（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |貓霧拺（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
|巴宰

（Pazih）
|邵

（Thao）
|馬卡道（Makatao）
|西拉雅（Siraya）
|大武壠（Taivoan）
|}

=== Padetengan no finacadan (主要族群) ===
Ka’amis Taywan Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan

Tayal finacadan

Tayal Mie ngasaw

Kaetip ka’amis sowal finacadan

Saysyak finacadan (’ayaway pisiiked)

Kulon finacadan

Pazih finacadan

Pazih finacadan (palowad to sowal) [24][25]

Kahawu finacadan (palowad to sowal) [26][27][28]

Kaetip dafdafay sowal finacadan

Thao finacadan (’ayaway pisiiked)

Taokas finacadan (palowad to sowal) [29]

Papora finacadan

Babuza finacadan

Favorlang finacadan

Hoanya finacadan

Arikun finacadan

Lloa finacadan

Katimol Taywan Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan

Paiwan sowal finacadan

Paiwan Scaro ngasaw

Bunun sowal finacadan

Bunun finacadan Po ngasaw 

Kawali Taywan Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan 

Ka’amisay sowal finacadan

Kavalan finacadan (ira ho ko sowal) 

Houhou finacadan

Ketagalan finacadan

Luilang finacadan

Pazih finacadan (palowad to sowal)[30]

Trobian finacadan

Linao finacadan 

Kaetip katimolay sowal finacadan

Siraya finacadan (palowad to sowal)

Makatao finacadan

Tajialiyang tamdaw

Fangsuo tamdaw

Langqiao tamdaw

Xiaoliuqiu tamdaw

Taivoan finacadan (palowad to sowal) [7]

=== Ponka (文化) ===
Pa’atayan ngangan (姓氏)

Tadamaan ko pa’atayan ngangan no Pinpu finacadan, nawhani masaPayrangay to, saka palasawad hananay to ko tadapa’atayan ngangan ato pipangangan a rocok no Pinpu finacadan, mialaay to tono Payrangan a pa’atayan, midotoc to mikadadoedoedo no finacadan ato sangasaw a pihamon, adihay to ko nipicamol to no Payrang tamdaw, Ngangay tamdaw, roma naikoran to no kalalood mafolaway a Payrang ira aca ko kasasiroma no pa’atayan ngangan, onini pa’atayan ngangan ato pafelian a mikadadoedoedo no finacadan, malo no Pinpu finacadan no niyah pihamonan ko tadamaanay pidotocan[31].

Pafalian a pa’atayan ngangan: Pan

Roma pa’atayan ngangan: Chen, Liu, Huang, Dai, Lai.

Tadamaan pa’atayan ngangan: Bing, Yue, Bang, Yi, Ji, Yi, Li, Mao, Mao, Tong, Nian, Dong, Yan, Ai, He, Cheng, Mai, Hou, Biao, Hong, Shuang, Jiao, Feng, Shi, Zhang, Zhui, Chu, Nai, Wei, Du, Zhen, Yu, Jie, Zhao, Yong, Hu, Zhen, Xie, Mai, Zhang, Xi, Yong, Yi, Jie, Bei, Liu, Shui, Li, Gang, Kun, Zhuo, Ya, Tuo, Mi, Wu, Xin, Kang, Zhang, Chang, Shuang, Gan, Zhuang.

=== Lisin (祭祀) ===
Itini i ka’oripan to romi’ami’adan ko kaira no lisin no Pinpu finacadan, ano sowalen, patodongan no lisin oya serayan a kinaira ko nito’ongan, o pakayraan no pidemak o nikaira no to’asan a pingodo. Siikeden, malitoloay ko pita’ong no Pinpu finacadan to tato’asan:

Comikayay to’asan lisin, mararid ko itiraay tenokan no Taywan a Pazeh finacadan, Papora finacadan,Taokas finacadan, pangangan no lisin itiyaay a lisin a kacomikayan ko todong, mahaenay a lisin roma matiyaay no kaemangay licekah kakomodan sakaira.

Katimolay Siraya finacadan, Makatao finacadan a to’asan lisin oya koreng ko todong tireng no to’asan a mita’ong, matiniay a pita’ong a lekakawa ato ’okak no to’asan pita’ong. Nika ngataay a Taivoan finacadan caay pita’ong to koreng, caay paso’elin t okaitira no to’asan i koreng, o paso’elinan tato’asan itiraay i kapolongan pita’omngan ko pipasayraan mipacakat to kawas.

Ka’amisan no Taywan a Pinpu finacadan Ketagalan finacadan, Kavalan finacadan ano eca Luilang finacadan, pita’ong to to’asan awaay ko todong kaitiraan a mita’ong.

=== Palowasd to serayan (文化復振) ===
Nawhani masaso’otay to ko kacacofel to Payrang, o lakakawa no Pinpu finacadan, sowal to ko kalaswadan. Aniniay hakasi ato teloc no Pinpu finacadan misa’icelay, mikadkad mikilim to lekakawa ato sowal no niyah. Oya Kavalan finacadan mahamon to no Conghuaminko a sifo, palao cecay no finacadan yincuminco no Taywan, oya Siraya finacadan o nano Taynansi a telekan a cecay finawlan a yincumin, itiraay Kompo no Kalingko a Taivoan finacadan, Makatao finacadan, Siraya finacadan o setekan no kofa a yincuminco, nanay masarocod ko pihayda no takarawan sifo no Conghuaminko a mihaydaan.

O Pinpu yincumin a Ketagalan finacadan, Pazih finacadan, Kahawu finacadan, Makatao finacadan, Hoanya finacadan, Papora finacadan, Taokas finacadan a kasafinacadan, nai 1990 miheca miteka palowad to kacingangan onto no Pinpu, mingitangit pihamon no sifo to sakacingangan to yincuminco a Pinpu finacadan[32].

O congtong ci Tsai Ingwen nai 2016 miheca 8 folad 1 romi’ad yicuminco romi’ad pasiyincuminco a mili’ay, miketon mipangalat kacitodong no lekakawa, o kacingangan no Pinpu finacadan citodong to sakacisalongoc ato sakatadamaan. Tangasa i 2016 miheca 10 folad 7 romi’ad misetek k oSincenyin misalof to kacingangan to yincumin, pa’ayaw fa’elohay pihayda t oPinpu finacadan o “Pinpu yincumin” [33], saan i 2017 miheca 8 folad 17 romi’ad mihayda to nipifalic a lalowadan no rikec[34].

=== Finawlan ato kaliposak (人口與分佈) ===
O todong no Pinpu finacadan no Taywan a pipolong to tamdaw, sa’ayaway manengneng to no Netherland pikowan a pipalita to kika, o pisa’osi salongan 4 tangasa 6 ’ofadan itiya. Oya Makatao finacadan itini i Fongsan faloay niyaro’ mata’elifay ko ’ofadan satata’akay finacadan, saka tosa ’alomanay o itiniay i Tansui cepo’ a Kavalan finacadan[35]. O halafinay pikowan no Mancin mapalaPayrang to, pikowan to no Dipong kinapinapinaay mipalita, salongan i 4 tangasa 6 ’ofadan ko ka’aloman[36].  

I 1915 miheca a pipalitaan pahapinang, o Pinpu finacadan tamdaw o i Akao sakowan (aniniay Takaosi, Pintong sa’etal) ko sa’alomanay, makilatosaay no maecakay Fan finacadan ko tamdaw, saheto o aniniay Makatao ato Taivoan pa’atayan a finawlan. Kadadoedo o Taynan sakowan, Nanto sakowan, Kalingko sakowan, macalap ko 30% Pinpu finacadan tamdaw. Manengneng to itiniay tenokan ka’amisay sa’etal no Taywan, dengan o Yilan, Nanto i, kaitiraan no Pinpu finacadan caay toka’aloman[37].
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1905 miheca
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1915 miheca 
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1920 miheca
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1925 miheca
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1930 miheca
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1935 miheca
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1943 miheca
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |46,432
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |47,676
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |48,894
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |51,009
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |53,947
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |57,812
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |62,119
|}
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Kasasiiked  no sakadademak
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1915  mihecaabn tamdaw no finacadan
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Polong  no finacadan % i Taywan
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; | 
|47,676
|100%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Taypi  sakowan
|884
|1.85%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Yilan  sakowan
|2,240
|4.7%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Taoyin  sakowan
|438
|0.92%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Sinco  sakowan
|1,939
|4.07%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Taycong  sakowan
|589
|1.24%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Nanto  sakowan
|5,338
|11.2%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Ciayi  sakowan
|1,729
|3.63%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Taynan  sakowan
|5,920
|12.54%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Akao  sakowan
|21,697
|45.51%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Posong  sakowan
|2,318
|4.86%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Kalingko  sakowan
|4,584
|9.61%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Penho  sakowan
|0
|0%
|}
Midotoc to no Taisho 14 miheca (1925) ato Showa 10 miheca (1935) a pipalita no kitakit, sakowannay to Pinpu finacadan tamdaw ato %. 1925 mihecaan pipalita no kitakit o “maecakay” sanay ho ko sowal a  pitahidang.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Kasa’etal no pikowan
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1925 mihecaan kapolongan no tamdaw
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1925 maecakay tamdaw
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1925 miheca micalapay tamdaw %
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1935 polong no tamdaw
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1935 Pinpu finacadan tamdaw
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1935 miheca polong tamdaw %
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Polong no Taywan
|3,993,408
|51,009
|1.3%
|5,212,426
|57,812
|1.1%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Taypi sakowan
|814,778
|2,622
|0.3%
|1,024,546
|2,358
|0.2%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Sinco sakowan
|597,576
|2,460
|0.4%
|712,309
|2,551
|0.4%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Taycong sakowan
|865,829
|6,519
|0.8%
|1,162,247
|7,210
|0.6%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Taynan sakowan
|1,029,361
|8,177
|0.8%
|1,332,187
|9,422
|0.7%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Takao sakowan
|584,259
|23,319
|4.0%
|732,819
|26,562
|3.6%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Posong sakowan
|42,671
|2,804
|6.6%
|70,710
|3,700
|5.2%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Kalingko sakowan
|58,934
|5,108
|8.7%
|111,497
|6,009
|5.4%
|}
Midotoc to Showa 10 (1935) mihecaan pipalita no kitakit, saka 1 sakowan ato saka 2 sakowan sa’etal Pinpu finacadan tamdaw ato %. Halo salongan saka 3 sakowan ato saka 4 sakowan kadademakan sa’etal (ano Pinpu finacadan tamdaw ira ko 100 tamdawan ano eca fafaeday no calap 5%):</text>
      <sha1>5u05pn6d9eie1nzb5ltc4ioviu2w04j</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>46921</id>
      <parentid>46920</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-07-07T01:18:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Masaonikar</username>
        <id>570</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Finawlan ato kaliposak (人口與分佈) */</comment>
      <origin>46921</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="24415" sha1="q1augtiwjwl9nabbo1337gcruk28tn5" xml:space="preserve">== Pinpu finacadan (平埔族群) ==
Pinpu finacadan, to hatiniay Pinpoco han ko pitahidang, o pisiiked to sapikown to yincumin no Taywan a tahidang koni[2]. O roma a tahidang o Kaosancu; ikor midoedo to mikingkiway, ponkaan, itiya a mafana’ to o ’alomanay a finacadan caay ko cecayay a finacadan sato, anini falican ko pitahidang o Pinpocu fuinacadan hanto. Oya ’alomanay Pinpuco finacadan tangsa anini caay ho haydaen no Conghuaminko sifo o yincuminco caira, dengan oya pakapian i ’Amis finacadan a Kavalan finacadan.

Pinpu finacadan i’ayaw no pikowan no netherland, spain itiya o “Aporicini-アボリジニ” han ko pitahidang; pikowan to no Mancin i, saheto o mapalatamdaway, maecakay finacadan[1], ato Nama no fan, wairudona fan sanay ko pasasi’ayaw[3]:12. Orasaka o Cori sareta, Aporicini-アボリジニ itiraay i “Dafdafay pala” (Pingti caopu), samasa o sowal pangangan o Pingpuah, Pucirin, Pingpufan (Payrang: Pi-poo-hoan; Inkiris Pepohoan[4][5][6]), onini “Pinpu” a sowal todong “Dafdaf” ano eca “enaray” sanay ko todong no sowal[7].

Tangasa to pikowan no Dipong a to’ek “Taywan Fancin demak” a tilidan o yincumin malitosa Kaosancu, Pinpuco[3]:13, kasaniyaro’ a Pinpuco finacadan ona palowaday to pifalic pala “Tongninco” sanay a syakay onto[5][8]. Tangasa no Conghuaminko to’ek a mikowan miteka o rayray no Pinpuco malasawaday to ko finacadan harateng, caay to pala o yincuminco cangra; ikor makerih to ko mikingkiway t ofinacadan no Taywan, onini likisi no Pinpuco miteka a masafaloco’ no syakay, nika o Pinpuco a finacadan ona oya “Pinpuco” koni finacadan, saan to ikor miliyaw a misilsil to kasasiiked masiroma[2][3]:18.

O Saisiyat ato Thao finadan ona nipacomodan i Pinpu a finacadan, nengnengen “Pinpuco”, “mapalatamdaway”, “maecakay finacadan” ato “manta’ finacadan” sanay ko pisiiked, onini o sakanga’ay no papotalay mikowan, caayay pidotoc to no yincuminco i nihamonan no niyah konini pisiiked, saka aniniay a pipangangan no Pinpu ano eca palowad to ngangan a onto. Tangasa 2022 miheca 10 folad 28 romi’ad, ono Conghuaminko kimpo a hoyin saki Silaya finacadan to kacingangan no yincumin a demak i, mihapiw to itiyaay ho “Rikec no kacingangan no yincumin” o caayay ka tatodong i kimpo, patodongen to tolo miheca ko pisalofan, mihayda to no Kaosancu a pisingsi malayincuminco o nano Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no Taywan, midotoc a pakayni sakacingangan nai tatapangan no rikec ko Pinpu finacadan[9].  

=== Likisi (歷史)   ===
O Pinpu a finacadan nai ’ayaw 17 sician katayni no Payrang i Taywan i, malesap nai ka’amis Yilan, Kilong tangasa katimol mililisay to saetip a riyar a dafdaf a sera, itira ira ko kasasiromaan no ponka, sowal, niyaro’ ko pihamon a saniyaro’an no sa’opo.

Pinpu a fuinacadan ka’amis nai Suaw ato Tayal a kasasilaed, katimol nai Fanliaw ato Paiwanfinacadan malalaed, ikor maepec no Payrang o roma i malinah tayra roma a pala, matiya o Hengcun, Puli, Kalingko Posong.

=== Pakayraan no sowal (詞源) ===
“Pinpu” a sowal a padotocan, manga’ay so’edacen nai Cingcao Yongceng pikowan Huangsujin “Taihai sicalu” (ikor no 1742 miheca), onini a tilid masowal ko “kasa Pinpu a saniyaro’” a sowal, ikor nai ci Chen Lunjiong a “Haikuo wencienlu” (1731 miheca) ira masadak ko “Pinpu yincumin” a sowal[3]:13.

Nawhani o ponka no yincumin macacofelay i no Payrang a finacadan, orasaka i ’ayaway no Payrang a rayray no likisi no Taywan masowal ko “Fan” [3]. Nai “Fan” a tilidan, pahecian a sowal a minengneng, “Fan” oya “macengelay” ato “omah” patatekoan, o maomahay a tamdaw sanay ko pitoro’, matiniay ko sa’orip. Nika, itini i romaay finacadan konengneng, “Fan” iraay ko mipelesay, miepecay a sowal[11].

I’ayaw yincumin no Taywan dengan o “niyaro’” ko iraay awaay ko “finacadan” sanay a latrkan[3]:12, orasaka o niyaro’ sato ko pitahidang. Tinako: Tacia kawaliay niyaro’ (tongsya) ato Tacia kaetipay niyaro’ “sisya” maro’ay, sacisowal sato o Tasya a tamdaw. O Pinpu finacadan ano eca Pinpu maecakay finacadan sanay a sowal i matiliday, o sapisiiked toya mangta’ay finacadan ato malafelay finacadan ato lotokay finacadan sanay ko pasasiromaan.

Talacawa nai 18 sician matilid no Mancin o Maecakay a Pinpu sanay ko pitahidang, mika itira i 19 sician mangalef ko nikasowal[4]. Rahodayen ko sowal, i 18 sician matilid o “Pinpu fan”, “Pinpu maecakay fan”, o patoro’ to itiraay i dafdafay no Pintong, dafdafay no Yilan, dafdafay no Posong ato dafdafay no Hengcun a yincumin finacadan. So’elinen ko sowal, o nisowalan no mita anini oya “Pinpu finacadan” tosaay ko pisimed to sasowalen: “Pinpu” ato “Maecakay finacadan”. O cecay a sowal “Pinpu” malifong i kasaniyaro’, oya “maecakay a finacadan” o sowal no mikowanay; nika soelinay, naikoran no Mancin, “Pinpu”, “Maecakay finacadan” itiraay i kasasiroma no finacadan, o mirarakatay a sdowal koni a pitahidang. O pisetek malecaday o pisiiked to sasiroma no sa’etal, tinako itiraay i Hencun, “Maecakay finacadan” snay a pisetek to micamolay to Payrang ato Yincumin, saka “Maecakay finacadan” a niyaro’ han ko pitahidang.  

=== Kasasiiked (分類) ===
Talacowa naira ko tamdawan, kasasiromaroma no tamdaw itiya to masasikihar ko ira ko “sasiiked no rocok”. Nika, kaira no tamdaw ira ko “finacadan” ato “finawlan” ko pisiiked to tamdaw o ikoray to ko nian, mangalef piteka no i’ayaw no 100 miheca picalap no micingcingay ato misatekeday ko pikowanan ho itiya. O Taywan saheto o “masiikeday ko finacadan” saka matiniay ko kamatira no to’ekan mapalowan.  

Ka Dipongan no Taywan o mitakedan a micowat ko pikowan to Taywan itiya, o patodong no pikowan, o pisapinangaw misolap ato sapinang to finacadan ato sera no Taywan, saan micowat misaiked to fanacadan no Taywan ko tayal (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b); tinako oya tayniay nai congko a Minan sa’etal a Ngayngay tamdaw palaPayrangen, ’ayaway nano Ngayngay palaNgayngayen ko pakika.

Miteka, hakasi no Dipong paretatenga oya maro’ay i dafdaf a Pinpu finacadan a yincumin malaPayrang to, dengan to oya “Pinpu finacadan” ano eca “Pinpufan” a nisowalan o pihaop aca, oya nisiikedan a finacadan palao “Takayamacu” patodong. Ikor, o hakasi no Dipong to mamalasawad a ponka no Pinpu finacadan ira to ko masatalolongay a nikafana’an saka, nanoya oya nisowalan a “Pinpu finacadan”, so’elinen halo adihayay kasasiroma no sowal, kasasiroma a ponka no finacadan.

Nikawrira, ’ayaw no 90 no mihecaan, o hakasi sakiPinpu finacadan masasiroma ko pisiiked, ira ko 7 finacadan 14 sangasaw, ira ko 8 finacadan, 9 finacadan, 10 finacadan, 12 finacadan sanay (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b).

Midotoc to aniniay mikingkiway pahecian, saki “Pinpu finacadan”, “Takayamacu” a kasasiiked, caay ko tataparan sanay masasiiked ko finawlan, o nano nai 17 sician ko nisanga’an a likisi, nawhani kasafinacadan a ’orip a sofal ato Palapayrangan a ko saka milafotay to calay. Roma a sowal, o nian “Pinpu finacadan” a kasasiroma no ponka, latek ikaka to cecay no “Pinpucu” ato cecay no “Takasakoco” a kasasiroma, o cecay no “Pinpu finacadan” ato cecay no “Takasako finacadan” latek oya cecayay a finacadan. Tinako sasowalen, nai sowal ato ponka ko pinengneng, samangataay to no ’Amis finacadan a Slaya, Taman ato Makataw finacadan no Taywan a Pinpu finacadan; o sowal ato Saysiyak finacadan mangata to Loylon finacadan no yincuminco.

=== Pakayraan no finacadan (族源) ===
Midoedo to no aniniay nipikingkiw misaheci, pakayraan no Pinpuco a ponka saheto o nai Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no Taywan. Onini a finacadan malesap itini i Taypinyang ato Intoyang, samaraayay manga’ay rapoten koya maraayay to Taywan a Easter Island ato Madagascar.

Dotocen ko kaitiraan, o itiraay i paka’amisay a finacadan no Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan i Taywan ko Pinpu a finacadan. So’elinen o I’ayaway no fa’elohay fokelohan a to’ek ko kaira ano eca talahakel i Taywan ko Pinpu finacadan, o nano mikiriyaray a finacadan. O piwacay no Yincuminco wiyinhuy to yincuminco no Taywan ato Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no hekal a kasakihar i pahapinang to o “nao Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan ko finacadan no Taywan, sakitamdawan ono Malay a tamdawan saka, o paka’amisay no Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan ko Taywan” saan[12].

==== No kaDipongan to’ek a pisilsil (日治時期的分類) ====
Saki Pinpu finacadan a pisilisil, awaay ko masongila’ay a kadadoedo no pisilsil i pikowan no Dipong to Taywan. Itira sa i Netherland a mikowan dengan sa o no kasaniyaro’ a ngangan, oraan sa ko pidoedoan kasasilsil no sa’etal, masa’isal ko pinapina sa’etal no finacadan. Ono i Mancin ni Huang Shujing to “Fansu liukao” a tilid i, malecad to pakayni kasasilsil a palaan misiiked a 13 niyaro’ ko yincumin funacadan.

Tangasa no Dipongan a to’ak, ona Ino Yoshinori, awaya den'nojo a “Taiwan yicumin mondai” (1900) a tilidan itiya to madadoedo ko pisilsil misiiked, ikor to ni Ino Yoshinori a “Taiwan yincumin seici” (1900) a tilidan, itiya masalof ko kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan, kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan ira: Ketagalan, Kavalan, Taokas, Pazih, Papora, Babuza, Arikun, Lloa, Siraya, Makattao 10 finacadan.

Oni Ino Yoshinori a nisiikedan kadadoedo o kacipinangan to pidoedoan, ona Igawa Kazo, Ogawa Tadayoshi, Mabuchi Toichi o pasadakay to kasasiiked siroma no pisilsil (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b). o kalaliyangan ira ko pinapina:

Pakayni to na 2 finacadan Arikun ato Lloa o papalacecayen ko finacadan: o roma a hakasi pasilacecay han koni 2 finacadan, o Hoanya a finacadan han saan. Nika midotoc to no hakasi ca Yung Kayin and Chung Yulan a pisapinang i, paretatenga to Hoanya alatek o nano Folaohua (Fan) a moraraway ko pipasetek. Ono finacadan to inika sasiroma no pihamon, pako niyah sa ko paratatenga.

’Eca ko malecaday to no Ketagalan a finacadan, ano eca padoedoen ho ko pisiiked. Pakayni to sowalan hakasi ca Tsuchida Shigeru aci Lee Inkee paretatenga a nisowalan, oya Ketagalan finacadan salongan malitoloay kasasiroma no sowal saan: Basay, Leilang ato Kulon. Oya Siraiya, Taivoan ato Makattao o masasiromaay ano eca o cecay a finacadan. Tangasa anini o ’alomanay a hakasi a midoedoan tono mikarkaray to notamdawan, sowalan ato lodisan masapinang, patongal no finacadan pihamon to niyah, paretatenga o na toloay ngasaw o masasiromaay caayay kalecad a yincuminco[13][14][15][16][17][18].   

Oni Ikawako no Zang itiniay ni Ino Kasunori saceker mapacomod ko Thao finacadan, o nano Pinpu finacadan ano eca o kaosanco finacadan.

==== Ikoray no kalalood a pisiiked (戰後的分類) ====
Pinapina mihecaan, no hakasi sakiPinpu finacadan a pisiiked, ira to ko fa’elohay a nengneng. No Dipong a hakasi ci Tsuchida Shigeru i 1985 mihecaan misiikedan (nengneng Tsuchida 1985), masiiked ko Pinpu finacadan to 12 finacadan: oya Kavalan, Basay, Ketagalan, Kulon, Taokas, Pazih, Papora, Babuza, Hoanya, Siraya, Makattao, Taivoan a finacadan.

Oni Li Yiyuan misiikedan to Pinpu finacadan masiiked 10 finacadan, oya Kavalan, Kentagalan, Luilang, Taokas, Papora, Babiza, Hoanya, Pazeh, Suisalien(Thau), Siraya finacadan[19]:14.  

Taywan sowalan hakasi ci Li Rengui ira ko masasiromaay a nengneng, nai 1996 miheca “Taywan Pinpu finacadan kasasiiked ato kasasikihar masiiked” a tilid, pasadak to 7 finacadan 14 ko sangasaw a nengneng: Thau, Kavalan, Ketagalan [5], Baburan [6], Pazih, Hoanya, Siraya. Ikor pakayni i sowal fa’elohay kasapinang, I 2006 miheca ato 2010 miheca mihapiw to nitilidan, oya Taivoan ato Makattao nai kaetipay Siraya amasadak[13][14].   

=== Kasamihecaan kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan. (歷年平埔族群分類)[20][21][22][23] ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
| colspan=&quot;19&quot; |'''歷年平埔族群分類'''
|-
|'''年代'''
|'''研究者'''
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; |'''族名'''
|-
|1904
|伊能嘉矩
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Vupuran
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Poavosa
|Arikun
|Lloa
|Pazzehe
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|Makattao
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1930
|移川子之藏
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Vupuran
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazeh
|Sao
|Tao
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1935
|小川尚義
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Vupuran
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazzehe
|Sao
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1944
|小川尚義
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|Luilang
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Papora
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazeh
|Sao
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1951
|張耀錡
|卡瓦蘭

（Kavalan）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |凱達格蘭

（Ketagalan）
|道卡斯

（Taokas）
|拍瀑拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴布薩

（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
|拍宰海

（Pazeh）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |西拉雅

（Siraya）
|四社熟番

（Taivoan）
|-
|1955
|李亦園
|噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|雷朗

（Luilang）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |凱達格蘭

（Ketagalan）
|道卡斯

（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |貓霧拺

（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |和安雅

（Hoanya）
|巴則海

（Pazeh）
|水沙連
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1970
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |台灣省通志
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |卡瓦蘭

（Kavalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |凱達格蘭

（Ketagalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |道卡斯

（Taokas）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |拍瀑拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴布薩

（Babuza／Poavasa）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅（Hoanya）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴則海

（Pazeh／Pazex）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
|Arikun
|Lloa
|馬卡道
|西拉雅
|四社熟番
|-
|1985-1991
|土田滋
|Kavalan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ketagalan
|Basay
|Kulon
|Taokas
|Papora
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazzahe
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|Makatao
|Siraya
|Taivoan
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1991
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |李壬癸
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |凱達格蘭（Ketagalan）
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |巴布薩（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴則海

（Pazeh）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |邵

（Thao）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
|雷朗（Luilang）
|哆囉美遠

（Trobian）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴賽（Basay）
|道卡斯（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
|貓霧拺（Babuza）
|費佛朗

（Favorlang）
|Makatao
|Siraya
|Taivoan
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1996
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |李壬癸
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |猴猴

（Qauqaut）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |凱達格蘭（Ketagalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |龜崙

（Kulon）
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |巴布蘭（Baburan）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴則海

（Pazeh）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |邵

（Thao）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
|雷朗（Luilang）
|哆囉美遠

（Trobian）
|馬賽（Basay）
|道卡斯（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
|貓霧拺（Babuza）
|費佛朗

（Favorlang）
|馬卡道（Makatao）
|西拉雅（Siraya）
|四社熟番（Taivoan）
|-
|2006-2010
|李壬癸
|噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |巴賽（凱達格蘭）

（Basay (Ketagalan)）
|龜崙

（Kulon）
|道卡斯

（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |貓霧拺（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
|巴宰

（Pazih）
|邵

（Thao）
|馬卡道（Makatao）
|西拉雅（Siraya）
|大武壠（Taivoan）
|}

=== Padetengan no finacadan (主要族群) ===
Ka’amis Taywan Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan

Tayal finacadan

Tayal Mie ngasaw

Kaetip ka’amis sowal finacadan

Saysyak finacadan (’ayaway pisiiked)

Kulon finacadan

Pazih finacadan

Pazih finacadan (palowad to sowal) [24][25]

Kahawu finacadan (palowad to sowal) [26][27][28]

Kaetip dafdafay sowal finacadan

Thao finacadan (’ayaway pisiiked)

Taokas finacadan (palowad to sowal) [29]

Papora finacadan

Babuza finacadan

Favorlang finacadan

Hoanya finacadan

Arikun finacadan

Lloa finacadan

Katimol Taywan Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan

Paiwan sowal finacadan

Paiwan Scaro ngasaw

Bunun sowal finacadan

Bunun finacadan Po ngasaw 

Kawali Taywan Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan 

Ka’amisay sowal finacadan

Kavalan finacadan (ira ho ko sowal) 

Houhou finacadan

Ketagalan finacadan

Luilang finacadan

Pazih finacadan (palowad to sowal)[30]

Trobian finacadan

Linao finacadan 

Kaetip katimolay sowal finacadan

Siraya finacadan (palowad to sowal)

Makatao finacadan

Tajialiyang tamdaw

Fangsuo tamdaw

Langqiao tamdaw

Xiaoliuqiu tamdaw

Taivoan finacadan (palowad to sowal) [7]

=== Ponka (文化) ===
Pa’atayan ngangan (姓氏)

Tadamaan ko pa’atayan ngangan no Pinpu finacadan, nawhani masaPayrangay to, saka palasawad hananay to ko tadapa’atayan ngangan ato pipangangan a rocok no Pinpu finacadan, mialaay to tono Payrangan a pa’atayan, midotoc to mikadadoedoedo no finacadan ato sangasaw a pihamon, adihay to ko nipicamol to no Payrang tamdaw, Ngangay tamdaw, roma naikoran to no kalalood mafolaway a Payrang ira aca ko kasasiroma no pa’atayan ngangan, onini pa’atayan ngangan ato pafelian a mikadadoedoedo no finacadan, malo no Pinpu finacadan no niyah pihamonan ko tadamaanay pidotocan[31].

Pafalian a pa’atayan ngangan: Pan

Roma pa’atayan ngangan: Chen, Liu, Huang, Dai, Lai.

Tadamaan pa’atayan ngangan: Bing, Yue, Bang, Yi, Ji, Yi, Li, Mao, Mao, Tong, Nian, Dong, Yan, Ai, He, Cheng, Mai, Hou, Biao, Hong, Shuang, Jiao, Feng, Shi, Zhang, Zhui, Chu, Nai, Wei, Du, Zhen, Yu, Jie, Zhao, Yong, Hu, Zhen, Xie, Mai, Zhang, Xi, Yong, Yi, Jie, Bei, Liu, Shui, Li, Gang, Kun, Zhuo, Ya, Tuo, Mi, Wu, Xin, Kang, Zhang, Chang, Shuang, Gan, Zhuang.

=== Lisin (祭祀) ===
Itini i ka’oripan to romi’ami’adan ko kaira no lisin no Pinpu finacadan, ano sowalen, patodongan no lisin oya serayan a kinaira ko nito’ongan, o pakayraan no pidemak o nikaira no to’asan a pingodo. Siikeden, malitoloay ko pita’ong no Pinpu finacadan to tato’asan:

Comikayay to’asan lisin, mararid ko itiraay tenokan no Taywan a Pazeh finacadan, Papora finacadan,Taokas finacadan, pangangan no lisin itiyaay a lisin a kacomikayan ko todong, mahaenay a lisin roma matiyaay no kaemangay licekah kakomodan sakaira.

Katimolay Siraya finacadan, Makatao finacadan a to’asan lisin oya koreng ko todong tireng no to’asan a mita’ong, matiniay a pita’ong a lekakawa ato ’okak no to’asan pita’ong. Nika ngataay a Taivoan finacadan caay pita’ong to koreng, caay paso’elin t okaitira no to’asan i koreng, o paso’elinan tato’asan itiraay i kapolongan pita’omngan ko pipasayraan mipacakat to kawas.

Ka’amisan no Taywan a Pinpu finacadan Ketagalan finacadan, Kavalan finacadan ano eca Luilang finacadan, pita’ong to to’asan awaay ko todong kaitiraan a mita’ong.

=== Palowasd to serayan (文化復振) ===
Nawhani masaso’otay to ko kacacofel to Payrang, o lakakawa no Pinpu finacadan, sowal to ko kalaswadan. Aniniay hakasi ato teloc no Pinpu finacadan misa’icelay, mikadkad mikilim to lekakawa ato sowal no niyah. Oya Kavalan finacadan mahamon to no Conghuaminko a sifo, palao cecay no finacadan yincuminco no Taywan, oya Siraya finacadan o nano Taynansi a telekan a cecay finawlan a yincumin, itiraay Kompo no Kalingko a Taivoan finacadan, Makatao finacadan, Siraya finacadan o setekan no kofa a yincuminco, nanay masarocod ko pihayda no takarawan sifo no Conghuaminko a mihaydaan.

O Pinpu yincumin a Ketagalan finacadan, Pazih finacadan, Kahawu finacadan, Makatao finacadan, Hoanya finacadan, Papora finacadan, Taokas finacadan a kasafinacadan, nai 1990 miheca miteka palowad to kacingangan onto no Pinpu, mingitangit pihamon no sifo to sakacingangan to yincuminco a Pinpu finacadan[32].

O congtong ci Tsai Ingwen nai 2016 miheca 8 folad 1 romi’ad yicuminco romi’ad pasiyincuminco a mili’ay, miketon mipangalat kacitodong no lekakawa, o kacingangan no Pinpu finacadan citodong to sakacisalongoc ato sakatadamaan. Tangasa i 2016 miheca 10 folad 7 romi’ad misetek k oSincenyin misalof to kacingangan to yincumin, pa’ayaw fa’elohay pihayda t oPinpu finacadan o “Pinpu yincumin” [33], saan i 2017 miheca 8 folad 17 romi’ad mihayda to nipifalic a lalowadan no rikec[34].

=== Finawlan ato kaliposak (人口與分佈) ===
O todong no Pinpu finacadan no Taywan a pipolong to tamdaw, sa’ayaway manengneng to no Netherland pikowan a pipalita to kika, o pisa’osi salongan 4 tangasa 6 ’ofadan itiya. Oya Makatao finacadan itini i Fongsan faloay niyaro’ mata’elifay ko ’ofadan satata’akay finacadan, saka tosa ’alomanay o itiniay i Tansui cepo’ a Kavalan finacadan[35]. O halafinay pikowan no Mancin mapalaPayrang to, pikowan to no Dipong kinapinapinaay mipalita, salongan i 4 tangasa 6 ’ofadan ko ka’aloman[36].  

I 1915 miheca a pipalitaan pahapinang, o Pinpu finacadan tamdaw o i Akao sakowan (aniniay Takaosi, Pintong sa’etal) ko sa’alomanay, makilatosaay no maecakay Fan finacadan ko tamdaw, saheto o aniniay Makatao ato Taivoan pa’atayan a finawlan. Kadadoedo o Taynan sakowan, Nanto sakowan, Kalingko sakowan, macalap ko 30% Pinpu finacadan tamdaw. Manengneng to itiniay tenokan ka’amisay sa’etal no Taywan, dengan o Yilan, Nanto i, kaitiraan no Pinpu finacadan caay toka’aloman[37].
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1905 miheca
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1915 miheca 
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1920 miheca
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1925 miheca
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1930 miheca
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1935 miheca
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1943 miheca
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |46,432
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |47,676
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |48,894
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |51,009
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |53,947
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |57,812
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |62,119
|}
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Kasasiiked  no sakadademak
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1915  mihecaabn tamdaw no finacadan
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Polong  no finacadan % i Taywan
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; | 
|47,676
|100%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Taypi  sakowan
|884
|1.85%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Yilan  sakowan
|2,240
|4.7%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Taoyin  sakowan
|438
|0.92%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Sinco  sakowan
|1,939
|4.07%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Taycong  sakowan
|589
|1.24%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Nanto  sakowan
|5,338
|11.2%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Ciayi  sakowan
|1,729
|3.63%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Taynan  sakowan
|5,920
|12.54%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Akao  sakowan
|21,697
|45.51%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Posong  sakowan
|2,318
|4.86%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Kalingko  sakowan
|4,584
|9.61%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Penho  sakowan
|0
|0%
|}
Midotoc to no Taisho 14 miheca (1925) ato Showa 10 miheca (1935) a pipalita no kitakit, sakowannay to Pinpu finacadan tamdaw ato %. 1925 mihecaan pipalita no kitakit o “maecakay” sanay ho ko sowal a  pitahidang.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Kasa’etal no pikowan
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1925 mihecaan kapolongan no tamdaw
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1925 maecakay tamdaw
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1925 miheca micalapay tamdaw %
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1935 polong no tamdaw
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1935 Pinpu finacadan tamdaw
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1935 miheca polong tamdaw %
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Polong no Taywan
|3,993,408
|51,009
|1.3%
|5,212,426
|57,812
|1.1%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Taypi sakowan
|814,778
|2,622
|0.3%
|1,024,546
|2,358
|0.2%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Sinco sakowan
|597,576
|2,460
|0.4%
|712,309
|2,551
|0.4%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Taycong sakowan
|865,829
|6,519
|0.8%
|1,162,247
|7,210
|0.6%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Taynan sakowan
|1,029,361
|8,177
|0.8%
|1,332,187
|9,422
|0.7%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Takao sakowan
|584,259
|23,319
|4.0%
|732,819
|26,562
|3.6%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Posong sakowan
|42,671
|2,804
|6.6%
|70,710
|3,700
|5.2%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Kalingko sakowan
|58,934
|5,108
|8.7%
|111,497
|6,009
|5.4%
|}
Midotoc to Showa 10 (1935) mihecaan pipalita no kitakit, saka 1 sakowan ato saka 2 sakowan sa’etal Pinpu finacadan tamdaw ato %. Halo salongan saka 3 sakowan ato saka 4 sakowan kadademakan sa’etal (ano Pinpu finacadan tamdaw ira ko 100 tamdawan ano eca fafaeday no calap 5%):

Ikoray no kalaloodan awaayto ko pitoki sa’osi to Pinpu finacadan tamdaw. Pidotocan ni Lin Xiuche to kacomahad mo tamdaw, itira sa I 2000 mihecaan tamdaw no Pinpu finacadan i 10 ’ofad tangasa 20 ’ofad ko ka’aloman no tamdaw[38].</text>
      <sha1>q1augtiwjwl9nabbo1337gcruk28tn5</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>46922</id>
      <parentid>46921</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-07-07T01:18:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Masaonikar</username>
        <id>570</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Finawlan ato kaliposak (人口與分佈) */</comment>
      <origin>46922</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="24707" sha1="h844lc9cdomejj9dwghypmqi65mijb8" xml:space="preserve">== Pinpu finacadan (平埔族群) ==
Pinpu finacadan, to hatiniay Pinpoco han ko pitahidang, o pisiiked to sapikown to yincumin no Taywan a tahidang koni[2]. O roma a tahidang o Kaosancu; ikor midoedo to mikingkiway, ponkaan, itiya a mafana’ to o ’alomanay a finacadan caay ko cecayay a finacadan sato, anini falican ko pitahidang o Pinpocu fuinacadan hanto. Oya ’alomanay Pinpuco finacadan tangsa anini caay ho haydaen no Conghuaminko sifo o yincuminco caira, dengan oya pakapian i ’Amis finacadan a Kavalan finacadan.

Pinpu finacadan i’ayaw no pikowan no netherland, spain itiya o “Aporicini-アボリジニ” han ko pitahidang; pikowan to no Mancin i, saheto o mapalatamdaway, maecakay finacadan[1], ato Nama no fan, wairudona fan sanay ko pasasi’ayaw[3]:12. Orasaka o Cori sareta, Aporicini-アボリジニ itiraay i “Dafdafay pala” (Pingti caopu), samasa o sowal pangangan o Pingpuah, Pucirin, Pingpufan (Payrang: Pi-poo-hoan; Inkiris Pepohoan[4][5][6]), onini “Pinpu” a sowal todong “Dafdaf” ano eca “enaray” sanay ko todong no sowal[7].

Tangasa to pikowan no Dipong a to’ek “Taywan Fancin demak” a tilidan o yincumin malitosa Kaosancu, Pinpuco[3]:13, kasaniyaro’ a Pinpuco finacadan ona palowaday to pifalic pala “Tongninco” sanay a syakay onto[5][8]. Tangasa no Conghuaminko to’ek a mikowan miteka o rayray no Pinpuco malasawaday to ko finacadan harateng, caay to pala o yincuminco cangra; ikor makerih to ko mikingkiway t ofinacadan no Taywan, onini likisi no Pinpuco miteka a masafaloco’ no syakay, nika o Pinpuco a finacadan ona oya “Pinpuco” koni finacadan, saan to ikor miliyaw a misilsil to kasasiiked masiroma[2][3]:18.

O Saisiyat ato Thao finadan ona nipacomodan i Pinpu a finacadan, nengnengen “Pinpuco”, “mapalatamdaway”, “maecakay finacadan” ato “manta’ finacadan” sanay ko pisiiked, onini o sakanga’ay no papotalay mikowan, caayay pidotoc to no yincuminco i nihamonan no niyah konini pisiiked, saka aniniay a pipangangan no Pinpu ano eca palowad to ngangan a onto. Tangasa 2022 miheca 10 folad 28 romi’ad, ono Conghuaminko kimpo a hoyin saki Silaya finacadan to kacingangan no yincumin a demak i, mihapiw to itiyaay ho “Rikec no kacingangan no yincumin” o caayay ka tatodong i kimpo, patodongen to tolo miheca ko pisalofan, mihayda to no Kaosancu a pisingsi malayincuminco o nano Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no Taywan, midotoc a pakayni sakacingangan nai tatapangan no rikec ko Pinpu finacadan[9].  

=== Likisi (歷史)   ===
O Pinpu a finacadan nai ’ayaw 17 sician katayni no Payrang i Taywan i, malesap nai ka’amis Yilan, Kilong tangasa katimol mililisay to saetip a riyar a dafdaf a sera, itira ira ko kasasiromaan no ponka, sowal, niyaro’ ko pihamon a saniyaro’an no sa’opo.

Pinpu a fuinacadan ka’amis nai Suaw ato Tayal a kasasilaed, katimol nai Fanliaw ato Paiwanfinacadan malalaed, ikor maepec no Payrang o roma i malinah tayra roma a pala, matiya o Hengcun, Puli, Kalingko Posong.

=== Pakayraan no sowal (詞源) ===
“Pinpu” a sowal a padotocan, manga’ay so’edacen nai Cingcao Yongceng pikowan Huangsujin “Taihai sicalu” (ikor no 1742 miheca), onini a tilid masowal ko “kasa Pinpu a saniyaro’” a sowal, ikor nai ci Chen Lunjiong a “Haikuo wencienlu” (1731 miheca) ira masadak ko “Pinpu yincumin” a sowal[3]:13.

Nawhani o ponka no yincumin macacofelay i no Payrang a finacadan, orasaka i ’ayaway no Payrang a rayray no likisi no Taywan masowal ko “Fan” [3]. Nai “Fan” a tilidan, pahecian a sowal a minengneng, “Fan” oya “macengelay” ato “omah” patatekoan, o maomahay a tamdaw sanay ko pitoro’, matiniay ko sa’orip. Nika, itini i romaay finacadan konengneng, “Fan” iraay ko mipelesay, miepecay a sowal[11].

I’ayaw yincumin no Taywan dengan o “niyaro’” ko iraay awaay ko “finacadan” sanay a latrkan[3]:12, orasaka o niyaro’ sato ko pitahidang. Tinako: Tacia kawaliay niyaro’ (tongsya) ato Tacia kaetipay niyaro’ “sisya” maro’ay, sacisowal sato o Tasya a tamdaw. O Pinpu finacadan ano eca Pinpu maecakay finacadan sanay a sowal i matiliday, o sapisiiked toya mangta’ay finacadan ato malafelay finacadan ato lotokay finacadan sanay ko pasasiromaan.

Talacawa nai 18 sician matilid no Mancin o Maecakay a Pinpu sanay ko pitahidang, mika itira i 19 sician mangalef ko nikasowal[4]. Rahodayen ko sowal, i 18 sician matilid o “Pinpu fan”, “Pinpu maecakay fan”, o patoro’ to itiraay i dafdafay no Pintong, dafdafay no Yilan, dafdafay no Posong ato dafdafay no Hengcun a yincumin finacadan. So’elinen ko sowal, o nisowalan no mita anini oya “Pinpu finacadan” tosaay ko pisimed to sasowalen: “Pinpu” ato “Maecakay finacadan”. O cecay a sowal “Pinpu” malifong i kasaniyaro’, oya “maecakay a finacadan” o sowal no mikowanay; nika soelinay, naikoran no Mancin, “Pinpu”, “Maecakay finacadan” itiraay i kasasiroma no finacadan, o mirarakatay a sdowal koni a pitahidang. O pisetek malecaday o pisiiked to sasiroma no sa’etal, tinako itiraay i Hencun, “Maecakay finacadan” snay a pisetek to micamolay to Payrang ato Yincumin, saka “Maecakay finacadan” a niyaro’ han ko pitahidang.  

=== Kasasiiked (分類) ===
Talacowa naira ko tamdawan, kasasiromaroma no tamdaw itiya to masasikihar ko ira ko “sasiiked no rocok”. Nika, kaira no tamdaw ira ko “finacadan” ato “finawlan” ko pisiiked to tamdaw o ikoray to ko nian, mangalef piteka no i’ayaw no 100 miheca picalap no micingcingay ato misatekeday ko pikowanan ho itiya. O Taywan saheto o “masiikeday ko finacadan” saka matiniay ko kamatira no to’ekan mapalowan.  

Ka Dipongan no Taywan o mitakedan a micowat ko pikowan to Taywan itiya, o patodong no pikowan, o pisapinangaw misolap ato sapinang to finacadan ato sera no Taywan, saan micowat misaiked to fanacadan no Taywan ko tayal (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b); tinako oya tayniay nai congko a Minan sa’etal a Ngayngay tamdaw palaPayrangen, ’ayaway nano Ngayngay palaNgayngayen ko pakika.

Miteka, hakasi no Dipong paretatenga oya maro’ay i dafdaf a Pinpu finacadan a yincumin malaPayrang to, dengan to oya “Pinpu finacadan” ano eca “Pinpufan” a nisowalan o pihaop aca, oya nisiikedan a finacadan palao “Takayamacu” patodong. Ikor, o hakasi no Dipong to mamalasawad a ponka no Pinpu finacadan ira to ko masatalolongay a nikafana’an saka, nanoya oya nisowalan a “Pinpu finacadan”, so’elinen halo adihayay kasasiroma no sowal, kasasiroma a ponka no finacadan.

Nikawrira, ’ayaw no 90 no mihecaan, o hakasi sakiPinpu finacadan masasiroma ko pisiiked, ira ko 7 finacadan 14 sangasaw, ira ko 8 finacadan, 9 finacadan, 10 finacadan, 12 finacadan sanay (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b).

Midotoc to aniniay mikingkiway pahecian, saki “Pinpu finacadan”, “Takayamacu” a kasasiiked, caay ko tataparan sanay masasiiked ko finawlan, o nano nai 17 sician ko nisanga’an a likisi, nawhani kasafinacadan a ’orip a sofal ato Palapayrangan a ko saka milafotay to calay. Roma a sowal, o nian “Pinpu finacadan” a kasasiroma no ponka, latek ikaka to cecay no “Pinpucu” ato cecay no “Takasakoco” a kasasiroma, o cecay no “Pinpu finacadan” ato cecay no “Takasako finacadan” latek oya cecayay a finacadan. Tinako sasowalen, nai sowal ato ponka ko pinengneng, samangataay to no ’Amis finacadan a Slaya, Taman ato Makataw finacadan no Taywan a Pinpu finacadan; o sowal ato Saysiyak finacadan mangata to Loylon finacadan no yincuminco.

=== Pakayraan no finacadan (族源) ===
Midoedo to no aniniay nipikingkiw misaheci, pakayraan no Pinpuco a ponka saheto o nai Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no Taywan. Onini a finacadan malesap itini i Taypinyang ato Intoyang, samaraayay manga’ay rapoten koya maraayay to Taywan a Easter Island ato Madagascar.

Dotocen ko kaitiraan, o itiraay i paka’amisay a finacadan no Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan i Taywan ko Pinpu a finacadan. So’elinen o I’ayaway no fa’elohay fokelohan a to’ek ko kaira ano eca talahakel i Taywan ko Pinpu finacadan, o nano mikiriyaray a finacadan. O piwacay no Yincuminco wiyinhuy to yincuminco no Taywan ato Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no hekal a kasakihar i pahapinang to o “nao Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan ko finacadan no Taywan, sakitamdawan ono Malay a tamdawan saka, o paka’amisay no Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan ko Taywan” saan[12].

==== No kaDipongan to’ek a pisilsil (日治時期的分類) ====
Saki Pinpu finacadan a pisilisil, awaay ko masongila’ay a kadadoedo no pisilsil i pikowan no Dipong to Taywan. Itira sa i Netherland a mikowan dengan sa o no kasaniyaro’ a ngangan, oraan sa ko pidoedoan kasasilsil no sa’etal, masa’isal ko pinapina sa’etal no finacadan. Ono i Mancin ni Huang Shujing to “Fansu liukao” a tilid i, malecad to pakayni kasasilsil a palaan misiiked a 13 niyaro’ ko yincumin funacadan.

Tangasa no Dipongan a to’ak, ona Ino Yoshinori, awaya den'nojo a “Taiwan yicumin mondai” (1900) a tilidan itiya to madadoedo ko pisilsil misiiked, ikor to ni Ino Yoshinori a “Taiwan yincumin seici” (1900) a tilidan, itiya masalof ko kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan, kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan ira: Ketagalan, Kavalan, Taokas, Pazih, Papora, Babuza, Arikun, Lloa, Siraya, Makattao 10 finacadan.

Oni Ino Yoshinori a nisiikedan kadadoedo o kacipinangan to pidoedoan, ona Igawa Kazo, Ogawa Tadayoshi, Mabuchi Toichi o pasadakay to kasasiiked siroma no pisilsil (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b). o kalaliyangan ira ko pinapina:

Pakayni to na 2 finacadan Arikun ato Lloa o papalacecayen ko finacadan: o roma a hakasi pasilacecay han koni 2 finacadan, o Hoanya a finacadan han saan. Nika midotoc to no hakasi ca Yung Kayin and Chung Yulan a pisapinang i, paretatenga to Hoanya alatek o nano Folaohua (Fan) a moraraway ko pipasetek. Ono finacadan to inika sasiroma no pihamon, pako niyah sa ko paratatenga.

’Eca ko malecaday to no Ketagalan a finacadan, ano eca padoedoen ho ko pisiiked. Pakayni to sowalan hakasi ca Tsuchida Shigeru aci Lee Inkee paretatenga a nisowalan, oya Ketagalan finacadan salongan malitoloay kasasiroma no sowal saan: Basay, Leilang ato Kulon. Oya Siraiya, Taivoan ato Makattao o masasiromaay ano eca o cecay a finacadan. Tangasa anini o ’alomanay a hakasi a midoedoan tono mikarkaray to notamdawan, sowalan ato lodisan masapinang, patongal no finacadan pihamon to niyah, paretatenga o na toloay ngasaw o masasiromaay caayay kalecad a yincuminco[13][14][15][16][17][18].   

Oni Ikawako no Zang itiniay ni Ino Kasunori saceker mapacomod ko Thao finacadan, o nano Pinpu finacadan ano eca o kaosanco finacadan.

==== Ikoray no kalalood a pisiiked (戰後的分類) ====
Pinapina mihecaan, no hakasi sakiPinpu finacadan a pisiiked, ira to ko fa’elohay a nengneng. No Dipong a hakasi ci Tsuchida Shigeru i 1985 mihecaan misiikedan (nengneng Tsuchida 1985), masiiked ko Pinpu finacadan to 12 finacadan: oya Kavalan, Basay, Ketagalan, Kulon, Taokas, Pazih, Papora, Babuza, Hoanya, Siraya, Makattao, Taivoan a finacadan.

Oni Li Yiyuan misiikedan to Pinpu finacadan masiiked 10 finacadan, oya Kavalan, Kentagalan, Luilang, Taokas, Papora, Babiza, Hoanya, Pazeh, Suisalien(Thau), Siraya finacadan[19]:14.  

Taywan sowalan hakasi ci Li Rengui ira ko masasiromaay a nengneng, nai 1996 miheca “Taywan Pinpu finacadan kasasiiked ato kasasikihar masiiked” a tilid, pasadak to 7 finacadan 14 ko sangasaw a nengneng: Thau, Kavalan, Ketagalan [5], Baburan [6], Pazih, Hoanya, Siraya. Ikor pakayni i sowal fa’elohay kasapinang, I 2006 miheca ato 2010 miheca mihapiw to nitilidan, oya Taivoan ato Makattao nai kaetipay Siraya amasadak[13][14].   

=== Kasamihecaan kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan. (歷年平埔族群分類)[20][21][22][23] ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
| colspan=&quot;19&quot; |'''歷年平埔族群分類'''
|-
|'''年代'''
|'''研究者'''
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; |'''族名'''
|-
|1904
|伊能嘉矩
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Vupuran
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Poavosa
|Arikun
|Lloa
|Pazzehe
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|Makattao
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1930
|移川子之藏
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Vupuran
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazeh
|Sao
|Tao
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1935
|小川尚義
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Vupuran
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazzehe
|Sao
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1944
|小川尚義
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|Luilang
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Papora
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazeh
|Sao
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1951
|張耀錡
|卡瓦蘭

（Kavalan）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |凱達格蘭

（Ketagalan）
|道卡斯

（Taokas）
|拍瀑拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴布薩

（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
|拍宰海

（Pazeh）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |西拉雅

（Siraya）
|四社熟番

（Taivoan）
|-
|1955
|李亦園
|噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|雷朗

（Luilang）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |凱達格蘭

（Ketagalan）
|道卡斯

（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |貓霧拺

（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |和安雅

（Hoanya）
|巴則海

（Pazeh）
|水沙連
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1970
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |台灣省通志
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |卡瓦蘭

（Kavalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |凱達格蘭

（Ketagalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |道卡斯

（Taokas）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |拍瀑拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴布薩

（Babuza／Poavasa）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅（Hoanya）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴則海

（Pazeh／Pazex）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
|Arikun
|Lloa
|馬卡道
|西拉雅
|四社熟番
|-
|1985-1991
|土田滋
|Kavalan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ketagalan
|Basay
|Kulon
|Taokas
|Papora
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazzahe
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|Makatao
|Siraya
|Taivoan
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1991
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |李壬癸
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |凱達格蘭（Ketagalan）
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |巴布薩（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴則海

（Pazeh）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |邵

（Thao）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
|雷朗（Luilang）
|哆囉美遠

（Trobian）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴賽（Basay）
|道卡斯（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
|貓霧拺（Babuza）
|費佛朗

（Favorlang）
|Makatao
|Siraya
|Taivoan
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1996
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |李壬癸
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |猴猴

（Qauqaut）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |凱達格蘭（Ketagalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |龜崙

（Kulon）
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |巴布蘭（Baburan）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴則海

（Pazeh）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |邵

（Thao）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
|雷朗（Luilang）
|哆囉美遠

（Trobian）
|馬賽（Basay）
|道卡斯（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
|貓霧拺（Babuza）
|費佛朗

（Favorlang）
|馬卡道（Makatao）
|西拉雅（Siraya）
|四社熟番（Taivoan）
|-
|2006-2010
|李壬癸
|噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |巴賽（凱達格蘭）

（Basay (Ketagalan)）
|龜崙

（Kulon）
|道卡斯

（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |貓霧拺（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
|巴宰

（Pazih）
|邵

（Thao）
|馬卡道（Makatao）
|西拉雅（Siraya）
|大武壠（Taivoan）
|}

=== Padetengan no finacadan (主要族群) ===
Ka’amis Taywan Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan

Tayal finacadan

Tayal Mie ngasaw

Kaetip ka’amis sowal finacadan

Saysyak finacadan (’ayaway pisiiked)

Kulon finacadan

Pazih finacadan

Pazih finacadan (palowad to sowal) [24][25]

Kahawu finacadan (palowad to sowal) [26][27][28]

Kaetip dafdafay sowal finacadan

Thao finacadan (’ayaway pisiiked)

Taokas finacadan (palowad to sowal) [29]

Papora finacadan

Babuza finacadan

Favorlang finacadan

Hoanya finacadan

Arikun finacadan

Lloa finacadan

Katimol Taywan Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan

Paiwan sowal finacadan

Paiwan Scaro ngasaw

Bunun sowal finacadan

Bunun finacadan Po ngasaw 

Kawali Taywan Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan 

Ka’amisay sowal finacadan

Kavalan finacadan (ira ho ko sowal) 

Houhou finacadan

Ketagalan finacadan

Luilang finacadan

Pazih finacadan (palowad to sowal)[30]

Trobian finacadan

Linao finacadan 

Kaetip katimolay sowal finacadan

Siraya finacadan (palowad to sowal)

Makatao finacadan

Tajialiyang tamdaw

Fangsuo tamdaw

Langqiao tamdaw

Xiaoliuqiu tamdaw

Taivoan finacadan (palowad to sowal) [7]

=== Ponka (文化) ===
Pa’atayan ngangan (姓氏)

Tadamaan ko pa’atayan ngangan no Pinpu finacadan, nawhani masaPayrangay to, saka palasawad hananay to ko tadapa’atayan ngangan ato pipangangan a rocok no Pinpu finacadan, mialaay to tono Payrangan a pa’atayan, midotoc to mikadadoedoedo no finacadan ato sangasaw a pihamon, adihay to ko nipicamol to no Payrang tamdaw, Ngangay tamdaw, roma naikoran to no kalalood mafolaway a Payrang ira aca ko kasasiroma no pa’atayan ngangan, onini pa’atayan ngangan ato pafelian a mikadadoedoedo no finacadan, malo no Pinpu finacadan no niyah pihamonan ko tadamaanay pidotocan[31].

Pafalian a pa’atayan ngangan: Pan

Roma pa’atayan ngangan: Chen, Liu, Huang, Dai, Lai.

Tadamaan pa’atayan ngangan: Bing, Yue, Bang, Yi, Ji, Yi, Li, Mao, Mao, Tong, Nian, Dong, Yan, Ai, He, Cheng, Mai, Hou, Biao, Hong, Shuang, Jiao, Feng, Shi, Zhang, Zhui, Chu, Nai, Wei, Du, Zhen, Yu, Jie, Zhao, Yong, Hu, Zhen, Xie, Mai, Zhang, Xi, Yong, Yi, Jie, Bei, Liu, Shui, Li, Gang, Kun, Zhuo, Ya, Tuo, Mi, Wu, Xin, Kang, Zhang, Chang, Shuang, Gan, Zhuang.

=== Lisin (祭祀) ===
Itini i ka’oripan to romi’ami’adan ko kaira no lisin no Pinpu finacadan, ano sowalen, patodongan no lisin oya serayan a kinaira ko nito’ongan, o pakayraan no pidemak o nikaira no to’asan a pingodo. Siikeden, malitoloay ko pita’ong no Pinpu finacadan to tato’asan:

Comikayay to’asan lisin, mararid ko itiraay tenokan no Taywan a Pazeh finacadan, Papora finacadan,Taokas finacadan, pangangan no lisin itiyaay a lisin a kacomikayan ko todong, mahaenay a lisin roma matiyaay no kaemangay licekah kakomodan sakaira.

Katimolay Siraya finacadan, Makatao finacadan a to’asan lisin oya koreng ko todong tireng no to’asan a mita’ong, matiniay a pita’ong a lekakawa ato ’okak no to’asan pita’ong. Nika ngataay a Taivoan finacadan caay pita’ong to koreng, caay paso’elin t okaitira no to’asan i koreng, o paso’elinan tato’asan itiraay i kapolongan pita’omngan ko pipasayraan mipacakat to kawas.

Ka’amisan no Taywan a Pinpu finacadan Ketagalan finacadan, Kavalan finacadan ano eca Luilang finacadan, pita’ong to to’asan awaay ko todong kaitiraan a mita’ong.

=== Palowasd to serayan (文化復振) ===
Nawhani masaso’otay to ko kacacofel to Payrang, o lakakawa no Pinpu finacadan, sowal to ko kalaswadan. Aniniay hakasi ato teloc no Pinpu finacadan misa’icelay, mikadkad mikilim to lekakawa ato sowal no niyah. Oya Kavalan finacadan mahamon to no Conghuaminko a sifo, palao cecay no finacadan yincuminco no Taywan, oya Siraya finacadan o nano Taynansi a telekan a cecay finawlan a yincumin, itiraay Kompo no Kalingko a Taivoan finacadan, Makatao finacadan, Siraya finacadan o setekan no kofa a yincuminco, nanay masarocod ko pihayda no takarawan sifo no Conghuaminko a mihaydaan.

O Pinpu yincumin a Ketagalan finacadan, Pazih finacadan, Kahawu finacadan, Makatao finacadan, Hoanya finacadan, Papora finacadan, Taokas finacadan a kasafinacadan, nai 1990 miheca miteka palowad to kacingangan onto no Pinpu, mingitangit pihamon no sifo to sakacingangan to yincuminco a Pinpu finacadan[32].

O congtong ci Tsai Ingwen nai 2016 miheca 8 folad 1 romi’ad yicuminco romi’ad pasiyincuminco a mili’ay, miketon mipangalat kacitodong no lekakawa, o kacingangan no Pinpu finacadan citodong to sakacisalongoc ato sakatadamaan. Tangasa i 2016 miheca 10 folad 7 romi’ad misetek k oSincenyin misalof to kacingangan to yincumin, pa’ayaw fa’elohay pihayda t oPinpu finacadan o “Pinpu yincumin” [33], saan i 2017 miheca 8 folad 17 romi’ad mihayda to nipifalic a lalowadan no rikec[34].

=== Finawlan ato kaliposak (人口與分佈) ===
O todong no Pinpu finacadan no Taywan a pipolong to tamdaw, sa’ayaway manengneng to no Netherland pikowan a pipalita to kika, o pisa’osi salongan 4 tangasa 6 ’ofadan itiya. Oya Makatao finacadan itini i Fongsan faloay niyaro’ mata’elifay ko ’ofadan satata’akay finacadan, saka tosa ’alomanay o itiniay i Tansui cepo’ a Kavalan finacadan[35]. O halafinay pikowan no Mancin mapalaPayrang to, pikowan to no Dipong kinapinapinaay mipalita, salongan i 4 tangasa 6 ’ofadan ko ka’aloman[36].  

I 1915 miheca a pipalitaan pahapinang, o Pinpu finacadan tamdaw o i Akao sakowan (aniniay Takaosi, Pintong sa’etal) ko sa’alomanay, makilatosaay no maecakay Fan finacadan ko tamdaw, saheto o aniniay Makatao ato Taivoan pa’atayan a finawlan. Kadadoedo o Taynan sakowan, Nanto sakowan, Kalingko sakowan, macalap ko 30% Pinpu finacadan tamdaw. Manengneng to itiniay tenokan ka’amisay sa’etal no Taywan, dengan o Yilan, Nanto i, kaitiraan no Pinpu finacadan caay toka’aloman[37].
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1905 miheca
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1915 miheca 
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1920 miheca
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1925 miheca
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1930 miheca
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1935 miheca
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1943 miheca
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |46,432
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |47,676
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |48,894
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |51,009
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |53,947
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |57,812
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |62,119
|}
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Kasasiiked  no sakadademak
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1915  mihecaabn tamdaw no finacadan
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Polong  no finacadan % i Taywan
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; | 
|47,676
|100%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Taypi  sakowan
|884
|1.85%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Yilan  sakowan
|2,240
|4.7%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Taoyin  sakowan
|438
|0.92%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Sinco  sakowan
|1,939
|4.07%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Taycong  sakowan
|589
|1.24%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Nanto  sakowan
|5,338
|11.2%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Ciayi  sakowan
|1,729
|3.63%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Taynan  sakowan
|5,920
|12.54%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Akao  sakowan
|21,697
|45.51%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Posong  sakowan
|2,318
|4.86%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Kalingko  sakowan
|4,584
|9.61%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Penho  sakowan
|0
|0%
|}
Midotoc to no Taisho 14 miheca (1925) ato Showa 10 miheca (1935) a pipalita no kitakit, sakowannay to Pinpu finacadan tamdaw ato %. 1925 mihecaan pipalita no kitakit o “maecakay” sanay ho ko sowal a  pitahidang.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Kasa’etal no pikowan
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1925 mihecaan kapolongan no tamdaw
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1925 maecakay tamdaw
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1925 miheca micalapay tamdaw %
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1935 polong no tamdaw
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1935 Pinpu finacadan tamdaw
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1935 miheca polong tamdaw %
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Polong no Taywan
|3,993,408
|51,009
|1.3%
|5,212,426
|57,812
|1.1%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Taypi sakowan
|814,778
|2,622
|0.3%
|1,024,546
|2,358
|0.2%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Sinco sakowan
|597,576
|2,460
|0.4%
|712,309
|2,551
|0.4%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Taycong sakowan
|865,829
|6,519
|0.8%
|1,162,247
|7,210
|0.6%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Taynan sakowan
|1,029,361
|8,177
|0.8%
|1,332,187
|9,422
|0.7%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Takao sakowan
|584,259
|23,319
|4.0%
|732,819
|26,562
|3.6%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Posong sakowan
|42,671
|2,804
|6.6%
|70,710
|3,700
|5.2%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Kalingko sakowan
|58,934
|5,108
|8.7%
|111,497
|6,009
|5.4%
|}
Midotoc to Showa 10 (1935) mihecaan pipalita no kitakit, saka 1 sakowan ato saka 2 sakowan sa’etal Pinpu finacadan tamdaw ato %. Halo salongan saka 3 sakowan ato saka 4 sakowan kadademakan sa’etal (ano Pinpu finacadan tamdaw ira ko 100 tamdawan ano eca fafaeday no calap 5%):

Ikoray no kalaloodan awaayto ko pitoki sa’osi to Pinpu finacadan tamdaw. Pidotocan ni Lin Xiuche to kacomahad mo tamdaw, itira sa I 2000 mihecaan tamdaw no Pinpu finacadan i 10 ’ofad tangasa 20 ’ofad ko ka’aloman no tamdaw[38].

Midotoc to no Taynansi sakowa (2009[39]), Kompo no Kalingko sakowan (2013[40]), Takaosi (2009[41]), Pintong sakowan (2016[42]) a kasaniyaro’ a sifo kadadoedo mafohat “maecakay (Fan)” ko pipasinalit, tangasa 2018 mihecaan, o kasasikowan no niyaro’ makika to Pinpu finacadan a tamdaw:</text>
      <sha1>h844lc9cdomejj9dwghypmqi65mijb8</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>46923</id>
      <parentid>46922</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-07-07T01:26:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Masaonikar</username>
        <id>570</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Finawlan ato kaliposak (人口與分佈) */</comment>
      <origin>46923</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="25582" sha1="i57jkwxs9juvfs3of8w64tisw4afrkx" xml:space="preserve">== Pinpu finacadan (平埔族群) ==
Pinpu finacadan, to hatiniay Pinpoco han ko pitahidang, o pisiiked to sapikown to yincumin no Taywan a tahidang koni[2]. O roma a tahidang o Kaosancu; ikor midoedo to mikingkiway, ponkaan, itiya a mafana’ to o ’alomanay a finacadan caay ko cecayay a finacadan sato, anini falican ko pitahidang o Pinpocu fuinacadan hanto. Oya ’alomanay Pinpuco finacadan tangsa anini caay ho haydaen no Conghuaminko sifo o yincuminco caira, dengan oya pakapian i ’Amis finacadan a Kavalan finacadan.

Pinpu finacadan i’ayaw no pikowan no netherland, spain itiya o “Aporicini-アボリジニ” han ko pitahidang; pikowan to no Mancin i, saheto o mapalatamdaway, maecakay finacadan[1], ato Nama no fan, wairudona fan sanay ko pasasi’ayaw[3]:12. Orasaka o Cori sareta, Aporicini-アボリジニ itiraay i “Dafdafay pala” (Pingti caopu), samasa o sowal pangangan o Pingpuah, Pucirin, Pingpufan (Payrang: Pi-poo-hoan; Inkiris Pepohoan[4][5][6]), onini “Pinpu” a sowal todong “Dafdaf” ano eca “enaray” sanay ko todong no sowal[7].

Tangasa to pikowan no Dipong a to’ek “Taywan Fancin demak” a tilidan o yincumin malitosa Kaosancu, Pinpuco[3]:13, kasaniyaro’ a Pinpuco finacadan ona palowaday to pifalic pala “Tongninco” sanay a syakay onto[5][8]. Tangasa no Conghuaminko to’ek a mikowan miteka o rayray no Pinpuco malasawaday to ko finacadan harateng, caay to pala o yincuminco cangra; ikor makerih to ko mikingkiway t ofinacadan no Taywan, onini likisi no Pinpuco miteka a masafaloco’ no syakay, nika o Pinpuco a finacadan ona oya “Pinpuco” koni finacadan, saan to ikor miliyaw a misilsil to kasasiiked masiroma[2][3]:18.

O Saisiyat ato Thao finadan ona nipacomodan i Pinpu a finacadan, nengnengen “Pinpuco”, “mapalatamdaway”, “maecakay finacadan” ato “manta’ finacadan” sanay ko pisiiked, onini o sakanga’ay no papotalay mikowan, caayay pidotoc to no yincuminco i nihamonan no niyah konini pisiiked, saka aniniay a pipangangan no Pinpu ano eca palowad to ngangan a onto. Tangasa 2022 miheca 10 folad 28 romi’ad, ono Conghuaminko kimpo a hoyin saki Silaya finacadan to kacingangan no yincumin a demak i, mihapiw to itiyaay ho “Rikec no kacingangan no yincumin” o caayay ka tatodong i kimpo, patodongen to tolo miheca ko pisalofan, mihayda to no Kaosancu a pisingsi malayincuminco o nano Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no Taywan, midotoc a pakayni sakacingangan nai tatapangan no rikec ko Pinpu finacadan[9].  

=== Likisi (歷史)   ===
O Pinpu a finacadan nai ’ayaw 17 sician katayni no Payrang i Taywan i, malesap nai ka’amis Yilan, Kilong tangasa katimol mililisay to saetip a riyar a dafdaf a sera, itira ira ko kasasiromaan no ponka, sowal, niyaro’ ko pihamon a saniyaro’an no sa’opo.

Pinpu a fuinacadan ka’amis nai Suaw ato Tayal a kasasilaed, katimol nai Fanliaw ato Paiwanfinacadan malalaed, ikor maepec no Payrang o roma i malinah tayra roma a pala, matiya o Hengcun, Puli, Kalingko Posong.

=== Pakayraan no sowal (詞源) ===
“Pinpu” a sowal a padotocan, manga’ay so’edacen nai Cingcao Yongceng pikowan Huangsujin “Taihai sicalu” (ikor no 1742 miheca), onini a tilid masowal ko “kasa Pinpu a saniyaro’” a sowal, ikor nai ci Chen Lunjiong a “Haikuo wencienlu” (1731 miheca) ira masadak ko “Pinpu yincumin” a sowal[3]:13.

Nawhani o ponka no yincumin macacofelay i no Payrang a finacadan, orasaka i ’ayaway no Payrang a rayray no likisi no Taywan masowal ko “Fan” [3]. Nai “Fan” a tilidan, pahecian a sowal a minengneng, “Fan” oya “macengelay” ato “omah” patatekoan, o maomahay a tamdaw sanay ko pitoro’, matiniay ko sa’orip. Nika, itini i romaay finacadan konengneng, “Fan” iraay ko mipelesay, miepecay a sowal[11].

I’ayaw yincumin no Taywan dengan o “niyaro’” ko iraay awaay ko “finacadan” sanay a latrkan[3]:12, orasaka o niyaro’ sato ko pitahidang. Tinako: Tacia kawaliay niyaro’ (tongsya) ato Tacia kaetipay niyaro’ “sisya” maro’ay, sacisowal sato o Tasya a tamdaw. O Pinpu finacadan ano eca Pinpu maecakay finacadan sanay a sowal i matiliday, o sapisiiked toya mangta’ay finacadan ato malafelay finacadan ato lotokay finacadan sanay ko pasasiromaan.

Talacawa nai 18 sician matilid no Mancin o Maecakay a Pinpu sanay ko pitahidang, mika itira i 19 sician mangalef ko nikasowal[4]. Rahodayen ko sowal, i 18 sician matilid o “Pinpu fan”, “Pinpu maecakay fan”, o patoro’ to itiraay i dafdafay no Pintong, dafdafay no Yilan, dafdafay no Posong ato dafdafay no Hengcun a yincumin finacadan. So’elinen ko sowal, o nisowalan no mita anini oya “Pinpu finacadan” tosaay ko pisimed to sasowalen: “Pinpu” ato “Maecakay finacadan”. O cecay a sowal “Pinpu” malifong i kasaniyaro’, oya “maecakay a finacadan” o sowal no mikowanay; nika soelinay, naikoran no Mancin, “Pinpu”, “Maecakay finacadan” itiraay i kasasiroma no finacadan, o mirarakatay a sdowal koni a pitahidang. O pisetek malecaday o pisiiked to sasiroma no sa’etal, tinako itiraay i Hencun, “Maecakay finacadan” snay a pisetek to micamolay to Payrang ato Yincumin, saka “Maecakay finacadan” a niyaro’ han ko pitahidang.  

=== Kasasiiked (分類) ===
Talacowa naira ko tamdawan, kasasiromaroma no tamdaw itiya to masasikihar ko ira ko “sasiiked no rocok”. Nika, kaira no tamdaw ira ko “finacadan” ato “finawlan” ko pisiiked to tamdaw o ikoray to ko nian, mangalef piteka no i’ayaw no 100 miheca picalap no micingcingay ato misatekeday ko pikowanan ho itiya. O Taywan saheto o “masiikeday ko finacadan” saka matiniay ko kamatira no to’ekan mapalowan.  

Ka Dipongan no Taywan o mitakedan a micowat ko pikowan to Taywan itiya, o patodong no pikowan, o pisapinangaw misolap ato sapinang to finacadan ato sera no Taywan, saan micowat misaiked to fanacadan no Taywan ko tayal (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b); tinako oya tayniay nai congko a Minan sa’etal a Ngayngay tamdaw palaPayrangen, ’ayaway nano Ngayngay palaNgayngayen ko pakika.

Miteka, hakasi no Dipong paretatenga oya maro’ay i dafdaf a Pinpu finacadan a yincumin malaPayrang to, dengan to oya “Pinpu finacadan” ano eca “Pinpufan” a nisowalan o pihaop aca, oya nisiikedan a finacadan palao “Takayamacu” patodong. Ikor, o hakasi no Dipong to mamalasawad a ponka no Pinpu finacadan ira to ko masatalolongay a nikafana’an saka, nanoya oya nisowalan a “Pinpu finacadan”, so’elinen halo adihayay kasasiroma no sowal, kasasiroma a ponka no finacadan.

Nikawrira, ’ayaw no 90 no mihecaan, o hakasi sakiPinpu finacadan masasiroma ko pisiiked, ira ko 7 finacadan 14 sangasaw, ira ko 8 finacadan, 9 finacadan, 10 finacadan, 12 finacadan sanay (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b).

Midotoc to aniniay mikingkiway pahecian, saki “Pinpu finacadan”, “Takayamacu” a kasasiiked, caay ko tataparan sanay masasiiked ko finawlan, o nano nai 17 sician ko nisanga’an a likisi, nawhani kasafinacadan a ’orip a sofal ato Palapayrangan a ko saka milafotay to calay. Roma a sowal, o nian “Pinpu finacadan” a kasasiroma no ponka, latek ikaka to cecay no “Pinpucu” ato cecay no “Takasakoco” a kasasiroma, o cecay no “Pinpu finacadan” ato cecay no “Takasako finacadan” latek oya cecayay a finacadan. Tinako sasowalen, nai sowal ato ponka ko pinengneng, samangataay to no ’Amis finacadan a Slaya, Taman ato Makataw finacadan no Taywan a Pinpu finacadan; o sowal ato Saysiyak finacadan mangata to Loylon finacadan no yincuminco.

=== Pakayraan no finacadan (族源) ===
Midoedo to no aniniay nipikingkiw misaheci, pakayraan no Pinpuco a ponka saheto o nai Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no Taywan. Onini a finacadan malesap itini i Taypinyang ato Intoyang, samaraayay manga’ay rapoten koya maraayay to Taywan a Easter Island ato Madagascar.

Dotocen ko kaitiraan, o itiraay i paka’amisay a finacadan no Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan i Taywan ko Pinpu a finacadan. So’elinen o I’ayaway no fa’elohay fokelohan a to’ek ko kaira ano eca talahakel i Taywan ko Pinpu finacadan, o nano mikiriyaray a finacadan. O piwacay no Yincuminco wiyinhuy to yincuminco no Taywan ato Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no hekal a kasakihar i pahapinang to o “nao Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan ko finacadan no Taywan, sakitamdawan ono Malay a tamdawan saka, o paka’amisay no Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan ko Taywan” saan[12].

==== No kaDipongan to’ek a pisilsil (日治時期的分類) ====
Saki Pinpu finacadan a pisilisil, awaay ko masongila’ay a kadadoedo no pisilsil i pikowan no Dipong to Taywan. Itira sa i Netherland a mikowan dengan sa o no kasaniyaro’ a ngangan, oraan sa ko pidoedoan kasasilsil no sa’etal, masa’isal ko pinapina sa’etal no finacadan. Ono i Mancin ni Huang Shujing to “Fansu liukao” a tilid i, malecad to pakayni kasasilsil a palaan misiiked a 13 niyaro’ ko yincumin funacadan.

Tangasa no Dipongan a to’ak, ona Ino Yoshinori, awaya den'nojo a “Taiwan yicumin mondai” (1900) a tilidan itiya to madadoedo ko pisilsil misiiked, ikor to ni Ino Yoshinori a “Taiwan yincumin seici” (1900) a tilidan, itiya masalof ko kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan, kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan ira: Ketagalan, Kavalan, Taokas, Pazih, Papora, Babuza, Arikun, Lloa, Siraya, Makattao 10 finacadan.

Oni Ino Yoshinori a nisiikedan kadadoedo o kacipinangan to pidoedoan, ona Igawa Kazo, Ogawa Tadayoshi, Mabuchi Toichi o pasadakay to kasasiiked siroma no pisilsil (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b). o kalaliyangan ira ko pinapina:

Pakayni to na 2 finacadan Arikun ato Lloa o papalacecayen ko finacadan: o roma a hakasi pasilacecay han koni 2 finacadan, o Hoanya a finacadan han saan. Nika midotoc to no hakasi ca Yung Kayin and Chung Yulan a pisapinang i, paretatenga to Hoanya alatek o nano Folaohua (Fan) a moraraway ko pipasetek. Ono finacadan to inika sasiroma no pihamon, pako niyah sa ko paratatenga.

’Eca ko malecaday to no Ketagalan a finacadan, ano eca padoedoen ho ko pisiiked. Pakayni to sowalan hakasi ca Tsuchida Shigeru aci Lee Inkee paretatenga a nisowalan, oya Ketagalan finacadan salongan malitoloay kasasiroma no sowal saan: Basay, Leilang ato Kulon. Oya Siraiya, Taivoan ato Makattao o masasiromaay ano eca o cecay a finacadan. Tangasa anini o ’alomanay a hakasi a midoedoan tono mikarkaray to notamdawan, sowalan ato lodisan masapinang, patongal no finacadan pihamon to niyah, paretatenga o na toloay ngasaw o masasiromaay caayay kalecad a yincuminco[13][14][15][16][17][18].   

Oni Ikawako no Zang itiniay ni Ino Kasunori saceker mapacomod ko Thao finacadan, o nano Pinpu finacadan ano eca o kaosanco finacadan.

==== Ikoray no kalalood a pisiiked (戰後的分類) ====
Pinapina mihecaan, no hakasi sakiPinpu finacadan a pisiiked, ira to ko fa’elohay a nengneng. No Dipong a hakasi ci Tsuchida Shigeru i 1985 mihecaan misiikedan (nengneng Tsuchida 1985), masiiked ko Pinpu finacadan to 12 finacadan: oya Kavalan, Basay, Ketagalan, Kulon, Taokas, Pazih, Papora, Babuza, Hoanya, Siraya, Makattao, Taivoan a finacadan.

Oni Li Yiyuan misiikedan to Pinpu finacadan masiiked 10 finacadan, oya Kavalan, Kentagalan, Luilang, Taokas, Papora, Babiza, Hoanya, Pazeh, Suisalien(Thau), Siraya finacadan[19]:14.  

Taywan sowalan hakasi ci Li Rengui ira ko masasiromaay a nengneng, nai 1996 miheca “Taywan Pinpu finacadan kasasiiked ato kasasikihar masiiked” a tilid, pasadak to 7 finacadan 14 ko sangasaw a nengneng: Thau, Kavalan, Ketagalan [5], Baburan [6], Pazih, Hoanya, Siraya. Ikor pakayni i sowal fa’elohay kasapinang, I 2006 miheca ato 2010 miheca mihapiw to nitilidan, oya Taivoan ato Makattao nai kaetipay Siraya amasadak[13][14].   

=== Kasamihecaan kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan. (歷年平埔族群分類)[20][21][22][23] ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
| colspan=&quot;19&quot; |'''歷年平埔族群分類'''
|-
|'''年代'''
|'''研究者'''
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; |'''族名'''
|-
|1904
|伊能嘉矩
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Vupuran
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Poavosa
|Arikun
|Lloa
|Pazzehe
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|Makattao
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1930
|移川子之藏
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Vupuran
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazeh
|Sao
|Tao
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1935
|小川尚義
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Vupuran
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazzehe
|Sao
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1944
|小川尚義
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|Luilang
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Papora
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazeh
|Sao
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1951
|張耀錡
|卡瓦蘭

（Kavalan）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |凱達格蘭

（Ketagalan）
|道卡斯

（Taokas）
|拍瀑拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴布薩

（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
|拍宰海

（Pazeh）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |西拉雅

（Siraya）
|四社熟番

（Taivoan）
|-
|1955
|李亦園
|噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|雷朗

（Luilang）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |凱達格蘭

（Ketagalan）
|道卡斯

（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |貓霧拺

（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |和安雅

（Hoanya）
|巴則海

（Pazeh）
|水沙連
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1970
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |台灣省通志
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |卡瓦蘭

（Kavalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |凱達格蘭

（Ketagalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |道卡斯

（Taokas）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |拍瀑拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴布薩

（Babuza／Poavasa）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅（Hoanya）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴則海

（Pazeh／Pazex）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
|Arikun
|Lloa
|馬卡道
|西拉雅
|四社熟番
|-
|1985-1991
|土田滋
|Kavalan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ketagalan
|Basay
|Kulon
|Taokas
|Papora
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazzahe
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|Makatao
|Siraya
|Taivoan
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1991
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |李壬癸
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |凱達格蘭（Ketagalan）
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |巴布薩（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴則海

（Pazeh）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |邵

（Thao）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
|雷朗（Luilang）
|哆囉美遠

（Trobian）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴賽（Basay）
|道卡斯（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
|貓霧拺（Babuza）
|費佛朗

（Favorlang）
|Makatao
|Siraya
|Taivoan
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1996
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |李壬癸
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |猴猴

（Qauqaut）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |凱達格蘭（Ketagalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |龜崙

（Kulon）
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |巴布蘭（Baburan）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴則海

（Pazeh）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |邵

（Thao）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
|雷朗（Luilang）
|哆囉美遠

（Trobian）
|馬賽（Basay）
|道卡斯（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
|貓霧拺（Babuza）
|費佛朗

（Favorlang）
|馬卡道（Makatao）
|西拉雅（Siraya）
|四社熟番（Taivoan）
|-
|2006-2010
|李壬癸
|噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |巴賽（凱達格蘭）

（Basay (Ketagalan)）
|龜崙

（Kulon）
|道卡斯

（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |貓霧拺（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
|巴宰

（Pazih）
|邵

（Thao）
|馬卡道（Makatao）
|西拉雅（Siraya）
|大武壠（Taivoan）
|}

=== Padetengan no finacadan (主要族群) ===
Ka’amis Taywan Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan

Tayal finacadan

Tayal Mie ngasaw

Kaetip ka’amis sowal finacadan

Saysyak finacadan (’ayaway pisiiked)

Kulon finacadan

Pazih finacadan

Pazih finacadan (palowad to sowal) [24][25]

Kahawu finacadan (palowad to sowal) [26][27][28]

Kaetip dafdafay sowal finacadan

Thao finacadan (’ayaway pisiiked)

Taokas finacadan (palowad to sowal) [29]

Papora finacadan

Babuza finacadan

Favorlang finacadan

Hoanya finacadan

Arikun finacadan

Lloa finacadan

Katimol Taywan Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan

Paiwan sowal finacadan

Paiwan Scaro ngasaw

Bunun sowal finacadan

Bunun finacadan Po ngasaw 

Kawali Taywan Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan 

Ka’amisay sowal finacadan

Kavalan finacadan (ira ho ko sowal) 

Houhou finacadan

Ketagalan finacadan

Luilang finacadan

Pazih finacadan (palowad to sowal)[30]

Trobian finacadan

Linao finacadan 

Kaetip katimolay sowal finacadan

Siraya finacadan (palowad to sowal)

Makatao finacadan

Tajialiyang tamdaw

Fangsuo tamdaw

Langqiao tamdaw

Xiaoliuqiu tamdaw

Taivoan finacadan (palowad to sowal) [7]

=== Ponka (文化) ===
Pa’atayan ngangan (姓氏)

Tadamaan ko pa’atayan ngangan no Pinpu finacadan, nawhani masaPayrangay to, saka palasawad hananay to ko tadapa’atayan ngangan ato pipangangan a rocok no Pinpu finacadan, mialaay to tono Payrangan a pa’atayan, midotoc to mikadadoedoedo no finacadan ato sangasaw a pihamon, adihay to ko nipicamol to no Payrang tamdaw, Ngangay tamdaw, roma naikoran to no kalalood mafolaway a Payrang ira aca ko kasasiroma no pa’atayan ngangan, onini pa’atayan ngangan ato pafelian a mikadadoedoedo no finacadan, malo no Pinpu finacadan no niyah pihamonan ko tadamaanay pidotocan[31].

Pafalian a pa’atayan ngangan: Pan

Roma pa’atayan ngangan: Chen, Liu, Huang, Dai, Lai.

Tadamaan pa’atayan ngangan: Bing, Yue, Bang, Yi, Ji, Yi, Li, Mao, Mao, Tong, Nian, Dong, Yan, Ai, He, Cheng, Mai, Hou, Biao, Hong, Shuang, Jiao, Feng, Shi, Zhang, Zhui, Chu, Nai, Wei, Du, Zhen, Yu, Jie, Zhao, Yong, Hu, Zhen, Xie, Mai, Zhang, Xi, Yong, Yi, Jie, Bei, Liu, Shui, Li, Gang, Kun, Zhuo, Ya, Tuo, Mi, Wu, Xin, Kang, Zhang, Chang, Shuang, Gan, Zhuang.

=== Lisin (祭祀) ===
Itini i ka’oripan to romi’ami’adan ko kaira no lisin no Pinpu finacadan, ano sowalen, patodongan no lisin oya serayan a kinaira ko nito’ongan, o pakayraan no pidemak o nikaira no to’asan a pingodo. Siikeden, malitoloay ko pita’ong no Pinpu finacadan to tato’asan:

Comikayay to’asan lisin, mararid ko itiraay tenokan no Taywan a Pazeh finacadan, Papora finacadan,Taokas finacadan, pangangan no lisin itiyaay a lisin a kacomikayan ko todong, mahaenay a lisin roma matiyaay no kaemangay licekah kakomodan sakaira.

Katimolay Siraya finacadan, Makatao finacadan a to’asan lisin oya koreng ko todong tireng no to’asan a mita’ong, matiniay a pita’ong a lekakawa ato ’okak no to’asan pita’ong. Nika ngataay a Taivoan finacadan caay pita’ong to koreng, caay paso’elin t okaitira no to’asan i koreng, o paso’elinan tato’asan itiraay i kapolongan pita’omngan ko pipasayraan mipacakat to kawas.

Ka’amisan no Taywan a Pinpu finacadan Ketagalan finacadan, Kavalan finacadan ano eca Luilang finacadan, pita’ong to to’asan awaay ko todong kaitiraan a mita’ong.

=== Palowasd to serayan (文化復振) ===
Nawhani masaso’otay to ko kacacofel to Payrang, o lakakawa no Pinpu finacadan, sowal to ko kalaswadan. Aniniay hakasi ato teloc no Pinpu finacadan misa’icelay, mikadkad mikilim to lekakawa ato sowal no niyah. Oya Kavalan finacadan mahamon to no Conghuaminko a sifo, palao cecay no finacadan yincuminco no Taywan, oya Siraya finacadan o nano Taynansi a telekan a cecay finawlan a yincumin, itiraay Kompo no Kalingko a Taivoan finacadan, Makatao finacadan, Siraya finacadan o setekan no kofa a yincuminco, nanay masarocod ko pihayda no takarawan sifo no Conghuaminko a mihaydaan.

O Pinpu yincumin a Ketagalan finacadan, Pazih finacadan, Kahawu finacadan, Makatao finacadan, Hoanya finacadan, Papora finacadan, Taokas finacadan a kasafinacadan, nai 1990 miheca miteka palowad to kacingangan onto no Pinpu, mingitangit pihamon no sifo to sakacingangan to yincuminco a Pinpu finacadan[32].

O congtong ci Tsai Ingwen nai 2016 miheca 8 folad 1 romi’ad yicuminco romi’ad pasiyincuminco a mili’ay, miketon mipangalat kacitodong no lekakawa, o kacingangan no Pinpu finacadan citodong to sakacisalongoc ato sakatadamaan. Tangasa i 2016 miheca 10 folad 7 romi’ad misetek k oSincenyin misalof to kacingangan to yincumin, pa’ayaw fa’elohay pihayda t oPinpu finacadan o “Pinpu yincumin” [33], saan i 2017 miheca 8 folad 17 romi’ad mihayda to nipifalic a lalowadan no rikec[34].

=== Finawlan ato kaliposak (人口與分佈) ===
O todong no Pinpu finacadan no Taywan a pipolong to tamdaw, sa’ayaway manengneng to no Netherland pikowan a pipalita to kika, o pisa’osi salongan 4 tangasa 6 ’ofadan itiya. Oya Makatao finacadan itini i Fongsan faloay niyaro’ mata’elifay ko ’ofadan satata’akay finacadan, saka tosa ’alomanay o itiniay i Tansui cepo’ a Kavalan finacadan[35]. O halafinay pikowan no Mancin mapalaPayrang to, pikowan to no Dipong kinapinapinaay mipalita, salongan i 4 tangasa 6 ’ofadan ko ka’aloman[36].  

I 1915 miheca a pipalitaan pahapinang, o Pinpu finacadan tamdaw o i Akao sakowan (aniniay Takaosi, Pintong sa’etal) ko sa’alomanay, makilatosaay no maecakay Fan finacadan ko tamdaw, saheto o aniniay Makatao ato Taivoan pa’atayan a finawlan. Kadadoedo o Taynan sakowan, Nanto sakowan, Kalingko sakowan, macalap ko 30% Pinpu finacadan tamdaw. Manengneng to itiniay tenokan ka’amisay sa’etal no Taywan, dengan o Yilan, Nanto i, kaitiraan no Pinpu finacadan caay toka’aloman[37].
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1905 miheca
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1915 miheca 
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1920 miheca
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1925 miheca
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1930 miheca
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1935 miheca
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1943 miheca
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |46,432
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |47,676
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |48,894
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |51,009
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |53,947
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |57,812
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |62,119
|}
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Kasasiiked  no sakadademak
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1915  mihecaabn tamdaw no finacadan
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Polong  no finacadan % i Taywan
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; | 
|47,676
|100%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Taypi  sakowan
|884
|1.85%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Yilan  sakowan
|2,240
|4.7%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Taoyin  sakowan
|438
|0.92%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Sinco  sakowan
|1,939
|4.07%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Taycong  sakowan
|589
|1.24%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Nanto  sakowan
|5,338
|11.2%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Ciayi  sakowan
|1,729
|3.63%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Taynan  sakowan
|5,920
|12.54%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Akao  sakowan
|21,697
|45.51%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Posong  sakowan
|2,318
|4.86%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Kalingko  sakowan
|4,584
|9.61%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Penho  sakowan
|0
|0%
|}
Midotoc to no Taisho 14 miheca (1925) ato Showa 10 miheca (1935) a pipalita no kitakit, sakowannay to Pinpu finacadan tamdaw ato %. 1925 mihecaan pipalita no kitakit o “maecakay” sanay ho ko sowal a  pitahidang.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Kasa’etal no pikowan
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1925 mihecaan kapolongan no tamdaw
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1925 maecakay tamdaw
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1925 miheca micalapay tamdaw %
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1935 polong no tamdaw
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1935 Pinpu finacadan tamdaw
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1935 miheca polong tamdaw %
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Polong no Taywan
|3,993,408
|51,009
|1.3%
|5,212,426
|57,812
|1.1%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Taypi sakowan
|814,778
|2,622
|0.3%
|1,024,546
|2,358
|0.2%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Sinco sakowan
|597,576
|2,460
|0.4%
|712,309
|2,551
|0.4%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Taycong sakowan
|865,829
|6,519
|0.8%
|1,162,247
|7,210
|0.6%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Taynan sakowan
|1,029,361
|8,177
|0.8%
|1,332,187
|9,422
|0.7%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Takao sakowan
|584,259
|23,319
|4.0%
|732,819
|26,562
|3.6%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Posong sakowan
|42,671
|2,804
|6.6%
|70,710
|3,700
|5.2%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Kalingko sakowan
|58,934
|5,108
|8.7%
|111,497
|6,009
|5.4%
|}
Midotoc to Showa 10 (1935) mihecaan pipalita no kitakit, saka 1 sakowan ato saka 2 sakowan sa’etal Pinpu finacadan tamdaw ato %. Halo salongan saka 3 sakowan ato saka 4 sakowan kadademakan sa’etal (ano Pinpu finacadan tamdaw ira ko 100 tamdawan ano eca fafaeday no calap 5%):

Ikoray no kalaloodan awaayto ko pitoki sa’osi to Pinpu finacadan tamdaw. Pidotocan ni Lin Xiuche to kacomahad mo tamdaw, itira sa I 2000 mihecaan tamdaw no Pinpu finacadan i 10 ’ofad tangasa 20 ’ofad ko ka’aloman no tamdaw[38].

Midotoc to no Taynansi sakowa (2009[39]), Kompo no Kalingko sakowan (2013[40]), Takaosi (2009[41]), Pintong sakowan (2016[42]) a kasaniyaro’ a sifo kadadoedo mafohat “maecakay (Fan)” ko pipasinalit, tangasa 2018 mihecaan, o kasasikowan no niyaro’ makika to Pinpu finacadan a tamdaw:
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; | 
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Siraya finacadan
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Taivoan finacadan
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Makatao finacadan
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Roma/caayay ka sapinang finacadan
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Polongan
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Taynansi
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |11,830
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |11,830
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Takaosi
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |14,099
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |14,099
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Pintungsien
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1,803
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |205
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |2,008
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Kompo kalingko
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1,000
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1,000
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Polongan
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |12,937
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |129
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1,803
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |14,304
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |28,937
|}</text>
      <sha1>i57jkwxs9juvfs3of8w64tisw4afrkx</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>46924</id>
      <parentid>46923</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-07-07T01:26:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Masaonikar</username>
        <id>570</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Finawlan ato kaliposak (人口與分佈) */</comment>
      <origin>46924</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="25613" sha1="qkg7e3j1i69u3wgxa7htisjld466z8j" xml:space="preserve">== Pinpu finacadan (平埔族群) ==
Pinpu finacadan, to hatiniay Pinpoco han ko pitahidang, o pisiiked to sapikown to yincumin no Taywan a tahidang koni[2]. O roma a tahidang o Kaosancu; ikor midoedo to mikingkiway, ponkaan, itiya a mafana’ to o ’alomanay a finacadan caay ko cecayay a finacadan sato, anini falican ko pitahidang o Pinpocu fuinacadan hanto. Oya ’alomanay Pinpuco finacadan tangsa anini caay ho haydaen no Conghuaminko sifo o yincuminco caira, dengan oya pakapian i ’Amis finacadan a Kavalan finacadan.

Pinpu finacadan i’ayaw no pikowan no netherland, spain itiya o “Aporicini-アボリジニ” han ko pitahidang; pikowan to no Mancin i, saheto o mapalatamdaway, maecakay finacadan[1], ato Nama no fan, wairudona fan sanay ko pasasi’ayaw[3]:12. Orasaka o Cori sareta, Aporicini-アボリジニ itiraay i “Dafdafay pala” (Pingti caopu), samasa o sowal pangangan o Pingpuah, Pucirin, Pingpufan (Payrang: Pi-poo-hoan; Inkiris Pepohoan[4][5][6]), onini “Pinpu” a sowal todong “Dafdaf” ano eca “enaray” sanay ko todong no sowal[7].

Tangasa to pikowan no Dipong a to’ek “Taywan Fancin demak” a tilidan o yincumin malitosa Kaosancu, Pinpuco[3]:13, kasaniyaro’ a Pinpuco finacadan ona palowaday to pifalic pala “Tongninco” sanay a syakay onto[5][8]. Tangasa no Conghuaminko to’ek a mikowan miteka o rayray no Pinpuco malasawaday to ko finacadan harateng, caay to pala o yincuminco cangra; ikor makerih to ko mikingkiway t ofinacadan no Taywan, onini likisi no Pinpuco miteka a masafaloco’ no syakay, nika o Pinpuco a finacadan ona oya “Pinpuco” koni finacadan, saan to ikor miliyaw a misilsil to kasasiiked masiroma[2][3]:18.

O Saisiyat ato Thao finadan ona nipacomodan i Pinpu a finacadan, nengnengen “Pinpuco”, “mapalatamdaway”, “maecakay finacadan” ato “manta’ finacadan” sanay ko pisiiked, onini o sakanga’ay no papotalay mikowan, caayay pidotoc to no yincuminco i nihamonan no niyah konini pisiiked, saka aniniay a pipangangan no Pinpu ano eca palowad to ngangan a onto. Tangasa 2022 miheca 10 folad 28 romi’ad, ono Conghuaminko kimpo a hoyin saki Silaya finacadan to kacingangan no yincumin a demak i, mihapiw to itiyaay ho “Rikec no kacingangan no yincumin” o caayay ka tatodong i kimpo, patodongen to tolo miheca ko pisalofan, mihayda to no Kaosancu a pisingsi malayincuminco o nano Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no Taywan, midotoc a pakayni sakacingangan nai tatapangan no rikec ko Pinpu finacadan[9].  

=== Likisi (歷史)   ===
O Pinpu a finacadan nai ’ayaw 17 sician katayni no Payrang i Taywan i, malesap nai ka’amis Yilan, Kilong tangasa katimol mililisay to saetip a riyar a dafdaf a sera, itira ira ko kasasiromaan no ponka, sowal, niyaro’ ko pihamon a saniyaro’an no sa’opo.

Pinpu a fuinacadan ka’amis nai Suaw ato Tayal a kasasilaed, katimol nai Fanliaw ato Paiwanfinacadan malalaed, ikor maepec no Payrang o roma i malinah tayra roma a pala, matiya o Hengcun, Puli, Kalingko Posong.

=== Pakayraan no sowal (詞源) ===
“Pinpu” a sowal a padotocan, manga’ay so’edacen nai Cingcao Yongceng pikowan Huangsujin “Taihai sicalu” (ikor no 1742 miheca), onini a tilid masowal ko “kasa Pinpu a saniyaro’” a sowal, ikor nai ci Chen Lunjiong a “Haikuo wencienlu” (1731 miheca) ira masadak ko “Pinpu yincumin” a sowal[3]:13.

Nawhani o ponka no yincumin macacofelay i no Payrang a finacadan, orasaka i ’ayaway no Payrang a rayray no likisi no Taywan masowal ko “Fan” [3]. Nai “Fan” a tilidan, pahecian a sowal a minengneng, “Fan” oya “macengelay” ato “omah” patatekoan, o maomahay a tamdaw sanay ko pitoro’, matiniay ko sa’orip. Nika, itini i romaay finacadan konengneng, “Fan” iraay ko mipelesay, miepecay a sowal[11].

I’ayaw yincumin no Taywan dengan o “niyaro’” ko iraay awaay ko “finacadan” sanay a latrkan[3]:12, orasaka o niyaro’ sato ko pitahidang. Tinako: Tacia kawaliay niyaro’ (tongsya) ato Tacia kaetipay niyaro’ “sisya” maro’ay, sacisowal sato o Tasya a tamdaw. O Pinpu finacadan ano eca Pinpu maecakay finacadan sanay a sowal i matiliday, o sapisiiked toya mangta’ay finacadan ato malafelay finacadan ato lotokay finacadan sanay ko pasasiromaan.

Talacawa nai 18 sician matilid no Mancin o Maecakay a Pinpu sanay ko pitahidang, mika itira i 19 sician mangalef ko nikasowal[4]. Rahodayen ko sowal, i 18 sician matilid o “Pinpu fan”, “Pinpu maecakay fan”, o patoro’ to itiraay i dafdafay no Pintong, dafdafay no Yilan, dafdafay no Posong ato dafdafay no Hengcun a yincumin finacadan. So’elinen ko sowal, o nisowalan no mita anini oya “Pinpu finacadan” tosaay ko pisimed to sasowalen: “Pinpu” ato “Maecakay finacadan”. O cecay a sowal “Pinpu” malifong i kasaniyaro’, oya “maecakay a finacadan” o sowal no mikowanay; nika soelinay, naikoran no Mancin, “Pinpu”, “Maecakay finacadan” itiraay i kasasiroma no finacadan, o mirarakatay a sdowal koni a pitahidang. O pisetek malecaday o pisiiked to sasiroma no sa’etal, tinako itiraay i Hencun, “Maecakay finacadan” snay a pisetek to micamolay to Payrang ato Yincumin, saka “Maecakay finacadan” a niyaro’ han ko pitahidang.  

=== Kasasiiked (分類) ===
Talacowa naira ko tamdawan, kasasiromaroma no tamdaw itiya to masasikihar ko ira ko “sasiiked no rocok”. Nika, kaira no tamdaw ira ko “finacadan” ato “finawlan” ko pisiiked to tamdaw o ikoray to ko nian, mangalef piteka no i’ayaw no 100 miheca picalap no micingcingay ato misatekeday ko pikowanan ho itiya. O Taywan saheto o “masiikeday ko finacadan” saka matiniay ko kamatira no to’ekan mapalowan.  

Ka Dipongan no Taywan o mitakedan a micowat ko pikowan to Taywan itiya, o patodong no pikowan, o pisapinangaw misolap ato sapinang to finacadan ato sera no Taywan, saan micowat misaiked to fanacadan no Taywan ko tayal (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b); tinako oya tayniay nai congko a Minan sa’etal a Ngayngay tamdaw palaPayrangen, ’ayaway nano Ngayngay palaNgayngayen ko pakika.

Miteka, hakasi no Dipong paretatenga oya maro’ay i dafdaf a Pinpu finacadan a yincumin malaPayrang to, dengan to oya “Pinpu finacadan” ano eca “Pinpufan” a nisowalan o pihaop aca, oya nisiikedan a finacadan palao “Takayamacu” patodong. Ikor, o hakasi no Dipong to mamalasawad a ponka no Pinpu finacadan ira to ko masatalolongay a nikafana’an saka, nanoya oya nisowalan a “Pinpu finacadan”, so’elinen halo adihayay kasasiroma no sowal, kasasiroma a ponka no finacadan.

Nikawrira, ’ayaw no 90 no mihecaan, o hakasi sakiPinpu finacadan masasiroma ko pisiiked, ira ko 7 finacadan 14 sangasaw, ira ko 8 finacadan, 9 finacadan, 10 finacadan, 12 finacadan sanay (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b).

Midotoc to aniniay mikingkiway pahecian, saki “Pinpu finacadan”, “Takayamacu” a kasasiiked, caay ko tataparan sanay masasiiked ko finawlan, o nano nai 17 sician ko nisanga’an a likisi, nawhani kasafinacadan a ’orip a sofal ato Palapayrangan a ko saka milafotay to calay. Roma a sowal, o nian “Pinpu finacadan” a kasasiroma no ponka, latek ikaka to cecay no “Pinpucu” ato cecay no “Takasakoco” a kasasiroma, o cecay no “Pinpu finacadan” ato cecay no “Takasako finacadan” latek oya cecayay a finacadan. Tinako sasowalen, nai sowal ato ponka ko pinengneng, samangataay to no ’Amis finacadan a Slaya, Taman ato Makataw finacadan no Taywan a Pinpu finacadan; o sowal ato Saysiyak finacadan mangata to Loylon finacadan no yincuminco.

=== Pakayraan no finacadan (族源) ===
Midoedo to no aniniay nipikingkiw misaheci, pakayraan no Pinpuco a ponka saheto o nai Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no Taywan. Onini a finacadan malesap itini i Taypinyang ato Intoyang, samaraayay manga’ay rapoten koya maraayay to Taywan a Easter Island ato Madagascar.

Dotocen ko kaitiraan, o itiraay i paka’amisay a finacadan no Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan i Taywan ko Pinpu a finacadan. So’elinen o I’ayaway no fa’elohay fokelohan a to’ek ko kaira ano eca talahakel i Taywan ko Pinpu finacadan, o nano mikiriyaray a finacadan. O piwacay no Yincuminco wiyinhuy to yincuminco no Taywan ato Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no hekal a kasakihar i pahapinang to o “nao Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan ko finacadan no Taywan, sakitamdawan ono Malay a tamdawan saka, o paka’amisay no Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan ko Taywan” saan[12].

==== No kaDipongan to’ek a pisilsil (日治時期的分類) ====
Saki Pinpu finacadan a pisilisil, awaay ko masongila’ay a kadadoedo no pisilsil i pikowan no Dipong to Taywan. Itira sa i Netherland a mikowan dengan sa o no kasaniyaro’ a ngangan, oraan sa ko pidoedoan kasasilsil no sa’etal, masa’isal ko pinapina sa’etal no finacadan. Ono i Mancin ni Huang Shujing to “Fansu liukao” a tilid i, malecad to pakayni kasasilsil a palaan misiiked a 13 niyaro’ ko yincumin funacadan.

Tangasa no Dipongan a to’ak, ona Ino Yoshinori, awaya den'nojo a “Taiwan yicumin mondai” (1900) a tilidan itiya to madadoedo ko pisilsil misiiked, ikor to ni Ino Yoshinori a “Taiwan yincumin seici” (1900) a tilidan, itiya masalof ko kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan, kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan ira: Ketagalan, Kavalan, Taokas, Pazih, Papora, Babuza, Arikun, Lloa, Siraya, Makattao 10 finacadan.

Oni Ino Yoshinori a nisiikedan kadadoedo o kacipinangan to pidoedoan, ona Igawa Kazo, Ogawa Tadayoshi, Mabuchi Toichi o pasadakay to kasasiiked siroma no pisilsil (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b). o kalaliyangan ira ko pinapina:

Pakayni to na 2 finacadan Arikun ato Lloa o papalacecayen ko finacadan: o roma a hakasi pasilacecay han koni 2 finacadan, o Hoanya a finacadan han saan. Nika midotoc to no hakasi ca Yung Kayin and Chung Yulan a pisapinang i, paretatenga to Hoanya alatek o nano Folaohua (Fan) a moraraway ko pipasetek. Ono finacadan to inika sasiroma no pihamon, pako niyah sa ko paratatenga.

’Eca ko malecaday to no Ketagalan a finacadan, ano eca padoedoen ho ko pisiiked. Pakayni to sowalan hakasi ca Tsuchida Shigeru aci Lee Inkee paretatenga a nisowalan, oya Ketagalan finacadan salongan malitoloay kasasiroma no sowal saan: Basay, Leilang ato Kulon. Oya Siraiya, Taivoan ato Makattao o masasiromaay ano eca o cecay a finacadan. Tangasa anini o ’alomanay a hakasi a midoedoan tono mikarkaray to notamdawan, sowalan ato lodisan masapinang, patongal no finacadan pihamon to niyah, paretatenga o na toloay ngasaw o masasiromaay caayay kalecad a yincuminco[13][14][15][16][17][18].   

Oni Ikawako no Zang itiniay ni Ino Kasunori saceker mapacomod ko Thao finacadan, o nano Pinpu finacadan ano eca o kaosanco finacadan.

==== Ikoray no kalalood a pisiiked (戰後的分類) ====
Pinapina mihecaan, no hakasi sakiPinpu finacadan a pisiiked, ira to ko fa’elohay a nengneng. No Dipong a hakasi ci Tsuchida Shigeru i 1985 mihecaan misiikedan (nengneng Tsuchida 1985), masiiked ko Pinpu finacadan to 12 finacadan: oya Kavalan, Basay, Ketagalan, Kulon, Taokas, Pazih, Papora, Babuza, Hoanya, Siraya, Makattao, Taivoan a finacadan.

Oni Li Yiyuan misiikedan to Pinpu finacadan masiiked 10 finacadan, oya Kavalan, Kentagalan, Luilang, Taokas, Papora, Babiza, Hoanya, Pazeh, Suisalien(Thau), Siraya finacadan[19]:14.  

Taywan sowalan hakasi ci Li Rengui ira ko masasiromaay a nengneng, nai 1996 miheca “Taywan Pinpu finacadan kasasiiked ato kasasikihar masiiked” a tilid, pasadak to 7 finacadan 14 ko sangasaw a nengneng: Thau, Kavalan, Ketagalan [5], Baburan [6], Pazih, Hoanya, Siraya. Ikor pakayni i sowal fa’elohay kasapinang, I 2006 miheca ato 2010 miheca mihapiw to nitilidan, oya Taivoan ato Makattao nai kaetipay Siraya amasadak[13][14].   

=== Kasamihecaan kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan. (歷年平埔族群分類)[20][21][22][23] ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
| colspan=&quot;19&quot; |'''歷年平埔族群分類'''
|-
|'''年代'''
|'''研究者'''
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; |'''族名'''
|-
|1904
|伊能嘉矩
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Vupuran
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Poavosa
|Arikun
|Lloa
|Pazzehe
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|Makattao
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1930
|移川子之藏
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Vupuran
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazeh
|Sao
|Tao
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1935
|小川尚義
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Vupuran
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazzehe
|Sao
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1944
|小川尚義
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|Luilang
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Papora
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazeh
|Sao
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1951
|張耀錡
|卡瓦蘭

（Kavalan）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |凱達格蘭

（Ketagalan）
|道卡斯

（Taokas）
|拍瀑拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴布薩

（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
|拍宰海

（Pazeh）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |西拉雅

（Siraya）
|四社熟番

（Taivoan）
|-
|1955
|李亦園
|噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|雷朗

（Luilang）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |凱達格蘭

（Ketagalan）
|道卡斯

（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |貓霧拺

（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |和安雅

（Hoanya）
|巴則海

（Pazeh）
|水沙連
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1970
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |台灣省通志
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |卡瓦蘭

（Kavalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |凱達格蘭

（Ketagalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |道卡斯

（Taokas）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |拍瀑拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴布薩

（Babuza／Poavasa）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅（Hoanya）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴則海

（Pazeh／Pazex）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
|Arikun
|Lloa
|馬卡道
|西拉雅
|四社熟番
|-
|1985-1991
|土田滋
|Kavalan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ketagalan
|Basay
|Kulon
|Taokas
|Papora
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazzahe
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|Makatao
|Siraya
|Taivoan
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1991
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |李壬癸
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |凱達格蘭（Ketagalan）
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |巴布薩（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴則海

（Pazeh）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |邵

（Thao）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
|雷朗（Luilang）
|哆囉美遠

（Trobian）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴賽（Basay）
|道卡斯（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
|貓霧拺（Babuza）
|費佛朗

（Favorlang）
|Makatao
|Siraya
|Taivoan
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1996
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |李壬癸
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |猴猴

（Qauqaut）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |凱達格蘭（Ketagalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |龜崙

（Kulon）
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |巴布蘭（Baburan）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴則海

（Pazeh）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |邵

（Thao）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
|雷朗（Luilang）
|哆囉美遠

（Trobian）
|馬賽（Basay）
|道卡斯（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
|貓霧拺（Babuza）
|費佛朗

（Favorlang）
|馬卡道（Makatao）
|西拉雅（Siraya）
|四社熟番（Taivoan）
|-
|2006-2010
|李壬癸
|噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |巴賽（凱達格蘭）

（Basay (Ketagalan)）
|龜崙

（Kulon）
|道卡斯

（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |貓霧拺（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
|巴宰

（Pazih）
|邵

（Thao）
|馬卡道（Makatao）
|西拉雅（Siraya）
|大武壠（Taivoan）
|}

=== Padetengan no finacadan (主要族群) ===
Ka’amis Taywan Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan

Tayal finacadan

Tayal Mie ngasaw

Kaetip ka’amis sowal finacadan

Saysyak finacadan (’ayaway pisiiked)

Kulon finacadan

Pazih finacadan

Pazih finacadan (palowad to sowal) [24][25]

Kahawu finacadan (palowad to sowal) [26][27][28]

Kaetip dafdafay sowal finacadan

Thao finacadan (’ayaway pisiiked)

Taokas finacadan (palowad to sowal) [29]

Papora finacadan

Babuza finacadan

Favorlang finacadan

Hoanya finacadan

Arikun finacadan

Lloa finacadan

Katimol Taywan Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan

Paiwan sowal finacadan

Paiwan Scaro ngasaw

Bunun sowal finacadan

Bunun finacadan Po ngasaw 

Kawali Taywan Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan 

Ka’amisay sowal finacadan

Kavalan finacadan (ira ho ko sowal) 

Houhou finacadan

Ketagalan finacadan

Luilang finacadan

Pazih finacadan (palowad to sowal)[30]

Trobian finacadan

Linao finacadan 

Kaetip katimolay sowal finacadan

Siraya finacadan (palowad to sowal)

Makatao finacadan

Tajialiyang tamdaw

Fangsuo tamdaw

Langqiao tamdaw

Xiaoliuqiu tamdaw

Taivoan finacadan (palowad to sowal) [7]

=== Ponka (文化) ===
Pa’atayan ngangan (姓氏)

Tadamaan ko pa’atayan ngangan no Pinpu finacadan, nawhani masaPayrangay to, saka palasawad hananay to ko tadapa’atayan ngangan ato pipangangan a rocok no Pinpu finacadan, mialaay to tono Payrangan a pa’atayan, midotoc to mikadadoedoedo no finacadan ato sangasaw a pihamon, adihay to ko nipicamol to no Payrang tamdaw, Ngangay tamdaw, roma naikoran to no kalalood mafolaway a Payrang ira aca ko kasasiroma no pa’atayan ngangan, onini pa’atayan ngangan ato pafelian a mikadadoedoedo no finacadan, malo no Pinpu finacadan no niyah pihamonan ko tadamaanay pidotocan[31].

Pafalian a pa’atayan ngangan: Pan

Roma pa’atayan ngangan: Chen, Liu, Huang, Dai, Lai.

Tadamaan pa’atayan ngangan: Bing, Yue, Bang, Yi, Ji, Yi, Li, Mao, Mao, Tong, Nian, Dong, Yan, Ai, He, Cheng, Mai, Hou, Biao, Hong, Shuang, Jiao, Feng, Shi, Zhang, Zhui, Chu, Nai, Wei, Du, Zhen, Yu, Jie, Zhao, Yong, Hu, Zhen, Xie, Mai, Zhang, Xi, Yong, Yi, Jie, Bei, Liu, Shui, Li, Gang, Kun, Zhuo, Ya, Tuo, Mi, Wu, Xin, Kang, Zhang, Chang, Shuang, Gan, Zhuang.

=== Lisin (祭祀) ===
Itini i ka’oripan to romi’ami’adan ko kaira no lisin no Pinpu finacadan, ano sowalen, patodongan no lisin oya serayan a kinaira ko nito’ongan, o pakayraan no pidemak o nikaira no to’asan a pingodo. Siikeden, malitoloay ko pita’ong no Pinpu finacadan to tato’asan:

Comikayay to’asan lisin, mararid ko itiraay tenokan no Taywan a Pazeh finacadan, Papora finacadan,Taokas finacadan, pangangan no lisin itiyaay a lisin a kacomikayan ko todong, mahaenay a lisin roma matiyaay no kaemangay licekah kakomodan sakaira.

Katimolay Siraya finacadan, Makatao finacadan a to’asan lisin oya koreng ko todong tireng no to’asan a mita’ong, matiniay a pita’ong a lekakawa ato ’okak no to’asan pita’ong. Nika ngataay a Taivoan finacadan caay pita’ong to koreng, caay paso’elin t okaitira no to’asan i koreng, o paso’elinan tato’asan itiraay i kapolongan pita’omngan ko pipasayraan mipacakat to kawas.

Ka’amisan no Taywan a Pinpu finacadan Ketagalan finacadan, Kavalan finacadan ano eca Luilang finacadan, pita’ong to to’asan awaay ko todong kaitiraan a mita’ong.

=== Palowasd to serayan (文化復振) ===
Nawhani masaso’otay to ko kacacofel to Payrang, o lakakawa no Pinpu finacadan, sowal to ko kalaswadan. Aniniay hakasi ato teloc no Pinpu finacadan misa’icelay, mikadkad mikilim to lekakawa ato sowal no niyah. Oya Kavalan finacadan mahamon to no Conghuaminko a sifo, palao cecay no finacadan yincuminco no Taywan, oya Siraya finacadan o nano Taynansi a telekan a cecay finawlan a yincumin, itiraay Kompo no Kalingko a Taivoan finacadan, Makatao finacadan, Siraya finacadan o setekan no kofa a yincuminco, nanay masarocod ko pihayda no takarawan sifo no Conghuaminko a mihaydaan.

O Pinpu yincumin a Ketagalan finacadan, Pazih finacadan, Kahawu finacadan, Makatao finacadan, Hoanya finacadan, Papora finacadan, Taokas finacadan a kasafinacadan, nai 1990 miheca miteka palowad to kacingangan onto no Pinpu, mingitangit pihamon no sifo to sakacingangan to yincuminco a Pinpu finacadan[32].

O congtong ci Tsai Ingwen nai 2016 miheca 8 folad 1 romi’ad yicuminco romi’ad pasiyincuminco a mili’ay, miketon mipangalat kacitodong no lekakawa, o kacingangan no Pinpu finacadan citodong to sakacisalongoc ato sakatadamaan. Tangasa i 2016 miheca 10 folad 7 romi’ad misetek k oSincenyin misalof to kacingangan to yincumin, pa’ayaw fa’elohay pihayda t oPinpu finacadan o “Pinpu yincumin” [33], saan i 2017 miheca 8 folad 17 romi’ad mihayda to nipifalic a lalowadan no rikec[34].

=== Finawlan ato kaliposak (人口與分佈) ===
O todong no Pinpu finacadan no Taywan a pipolong to tamdaw, sa’ayaway manengneng to no Netherland pikowan a pipalita to kika, o pisa’osi salongan 4 tangasa 6 ’ofadan itiya. Oya Makatao finacadan itini i Fongsan faloay niyaro’ mata’elifay ko ’ofadan satata’akay finacadan, saka tosa ’alomanay o itiniay i Tansui cepo’ a Kavalan finacadan[35]. O halafinay pikowan no Mancin mapalaPayrang to, pikowan to no Dipong kinapinapinaay mipalita, salongan i 4 tangasa 6 ’ofadan ko ka’aloman[36].  

I 1915 miheca a pipalitaan pahapinang, o Pinpu finacadan tamdaw o i Akao sakowan (aniniay Takaosi, Pintong sa’etal) ko sa’alomanay, makilatosaay no maecakay Fan finacadan ko tamdaw, saheto o aniniay Makatao ato Taivoan pa’atayan a finawlan. Kadadoedo o Taynan sakowan, Nanto sakowan, Kalingko sakowan, macalap ko 30% Pinpu finacadan tamdaw. Manengneng to itiniay tenokan ka’amisay sa’etal no Taywan, dengan o Yilan, Nanto i, kaitiraan no Pinpu finacadan caay toka’aloman[37].
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1905 miheca
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1915 miheca 
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1920 miheca
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1925 miheca
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1930 miheca
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1935 miheca
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1943 miheca
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |46,432
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |47,676
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |48,894
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |51,009
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |53,947
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |57,812
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |62,119
|}
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Kasasiiked  no sakadademak
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1915  mihecaabn tamdaw no finacadan
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Polong  no finacadan % i Taywan
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; | 
|47,676
|100%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Taypi  sakowan
|884
|1.85%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Yilan  sakowan
|2,240
|4.7%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Taoyin  sakowan
|438
|0.92%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Sinco  sakowan
|1,939
|4.07%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Taycong  sakowan
|589
|1.24%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Nanto  sakowan
|5,338
|11.2%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Ciayi  sakowan
|1,729
|3.63%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Taynan  sakowan
|5,920
|12.54%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Akao  sakowan
|21,697
|45.51%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Posong  sakowan
|2,318
|4.86%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Kalingko  sakowan
|4,584
|9.61%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Penho  sakowan
|0
|0%
|}
Midotoc to no Taisho 14 miheca (1925) ato Showa 10 miheca (1935) a pipalita no kitakit, sakowannay to Pinpu finacadan tamdaw ato %. 1925 mihecaan pipalita no kitakit o “maecakay” sanay ho ko sowal a  pitahidang.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Kasa’etal no pikowan
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1925 mihecaan kapolongan no tamdaw
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1925 maecakay tamdaw
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1925 miheca micalapay tamdaw %
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1935 polong no tamdaw
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1935 Pinpu finacadan tamdaw
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1935 miheca polong tamdaw %
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Polong no Taywan
|3,993,408
|51,009
|1.3%
|5,212,426
|57,812
|1.1%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Taypi sakowan
|814,778
|2,622
|0.3%
|1,024,546
|2,358
|0.2%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Sinco sakowan
|597,576
|2,460
|0.4%
|712,309
|2,551
|0.4%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Taycong sakowan
|865,829
|6,519
|0.8%
|1,162,247
|7,210
|0.6%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Taynan sakowan
|1,029,361
|8,177
|0.8%
|1,332,187
|9,422
|0.7%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Takao sakowan
|584,259
|23,319
|4.0%
|732,819
|26,562
|3.6%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Posong sakowan
|42,671
|2,804
|6.6%
|70,710
|3,700
|5.2%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Kalingko sakowan
|58,934
|5,108
|8.7%
|111,497
|6,009
|5.4%
|}
Midotoc to Showa 10 (1935) mihecaan pipalita no kitakit, saka 1 sakowan ato saka 2 sakowan sa’etal Pinpu finacadan tamdaw ato %. Halo salongan saka 3 sakowan ato saka 4 sakowan kadademakan sa’etal (ano Pinpu finacadan tamdaw ira ko 100 tamdawan ano eca fafaeday no calap 5%):

Ikoray no kalaloodan awaayto ko pitoki sa’osi to Pinpu finacadan tamdaw. Pidotocan ni Lin Xiuche to kacomahad mo tamdaw, itira sa I 2000 mihecaan tamdaw no Pinpu finacadan i 10 ’ofad tangasa 20 ’ofad ko ka’aloman no tamdaw[38].

Midotoc to no Taynansi sakowa (2009[39]), Kompo no Kalingko sakowan (2013[40]), Takaosi (2009[41]), Pintong sakowan (2016[42]) a kasaniyaro’ a sifo kadadoedo mafohat “maecakay (Fan)” ko pipasinalit, tangasa 2018 mihecaan, o kasasikowan no niyaro’ makika to Pinpu finacadan a tamdaw:
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; | 
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Siraya finacadan
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Taivoan finacadan
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Makatao finacadan
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Roma/caayay ka sapinang finacadan
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Polongan
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Taynansi
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |11,830
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |11,830
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Takaosi
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |14,099
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |14,099
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Pintungsien
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1,803
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |205
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |2,008
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Kompo kalingko
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1,000
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1,000
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Polongan
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |12,937
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |129
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1,803
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |14,304
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |28,937
|}

=== Pahapinangan (參見) ===</text>
      <sha1>qkg7e3j1i69u3wgxa7htisjld466z8j</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>46925</id>
      <parentid>46924</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-07-07T01:27:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Masaonikar</username>
        <id>570</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Pahapinangan (參見) */</comment>
      <origin>46925</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="26251" sha1="7khi796bst9t3telpqcu8kn4p7lw2dp" xml:space="preserve">== Pinpu finacadan (平埔族群) ==
Pinpu finacadan, to hatiniay Pinpoco han ko pitahidang, o pisiiked to sapikown to yincumin no Taywan a tahidang koni[2]. O roma a tahidang o Kaosancu; ikor midoedo to mikingkiway, ponkaan, itiya a mafana’ to o ’alomanay a finacadan caay ko cecayay a finacadan sato, anini falican ko pitahidang o Pinpocu fuinacadan hanto. Oya ’alomanay Pinpuco finacadan tangsa anini caay ho haydaen no Conghuaminko sifo o yincuminco caira, dengan oya pakapian i ’Amis finacadan a Kavalan finacadan.

Pinpu finacadan i’ayaw no pikowan no netherland, spain itiya o “Aporicini-アボリジニ” han ko pitahidang; pikowan to no Mancin i, saheto o mapalatamdaway, maecakay finacadan[1], ato Nama no fan, wairudona fan sanay ko pasasi’ayaw[3]:12. Orasaka o Cori sareta, Aporicini-アボリジニ itiraay i “Dafdafay pala” (Pingti caopu), samasa o sowal pangangan o Pingpuah, Pucirin, Pingpufan (Payrang: Pi-poo-hoan; Inkiris Pepohoan[4][5][6]), onini “Pinpu” a sowal todong “Dafdaf” ano eca “enaray” sanay ko todong no sowal[7].

Tangasa to pikowan no Dipong a to’ek “Taywan Fancin demak” a tilidan o yincumin malitosa Kaosancu, Pinpuco[3]:13, kasaniyaro’ a Pinpuco finacadan ona palowaday to pifalic pala “Tongninco” sanay a syakay onto[5][8]. Tangasa no Conghuaminko to’ek a mikowan miteka o rayray no Pinpuco malasawaday to ko finacadan harateng, caay to pala o yincuminco cangra; ikor makerih to ko mikingkiway t ofinacadan no Taywan, onini likisi no Pinpuco miteka a masafaloco’ no syakay, nika o Pinpuco a finacadan ona oya “Pinpuco” koni finacadan, saan to ikor miliyaw a misilsil to kasasiiked masiroma[2][3]:18.

O Saisiyat ato Thao finadan ona nipacomodan i Pinpu a finacadan, nengnengen “Pinpuco”, “mapalatamdaway”, “maecakay finacadan” ato “manta’ finacadan” sanay ko pisiiked, onini o sakanga’ay no papotalay mikowan, caayay pidotoc to no yincuminco i nihamonan no niyah konini pisiiked, saka aniniay a pipangangan no Pinpu ano eca palowad to ngangan a onto. Tangasa 2022 miheca 10 folad 28 romi’ad, ono Conghuaminko kimpo a hoyin saki Silaya finacadan to kacingangan no yincumin a demak i, mihapiw to itiyaay ho “Rikec no kacingangan no yincumin” o caayay ka tatodong i kimpo, patodongen to tolo miheca ko pisalofan, mihayda to no Kaosancu a pisingsi malayincuminco o nano Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no Taywan, midotoc a pakayni sakacingangan nai tatapangan no rikec ko Pinpu finacadan[9].  

=== Likisi (歷史)   ===
O Pinpu a finacadan nai ’ayaw 17 sician katayni no Payrang i Taywan i, malesap nai ka’amis Yilan, Kilong tangasa katimol mililisay to saetip a riyar a dafdaf a sera, itira ira ko kasasiromaan no ponka, sowal, niyaro’ ko pihamon a saniyaro’an no sa’opo.

Pinpu a fuinacadan ka’amis nai Suaw ato Tayal a kasasilaed, katimol nai Fanliaw ato Paiwanfinacadan malalaed, ikor maepec no Payrang o roma i malinah tayra roma a pala, matiya o Hengcun, Puli, Kalingko Posong.

=== Pakayraan no sowal (詞源) ===
“Pinpu” a sowal a padotocan, manga’ay so’edacen nai Cingcao Yongceng pikowan Huangsujin “Taihai sicalu” (ikor no 1742 miheca), onini a tilid masowal ko “kasa Pinpu a saniyaro’” a sowal, ikor nai ci Chen Lunjiong a “Haikuo wencienlu” (1731 miheca) ira masadak ko “Pinpu yincumin” a sowal[3]:13.

Nawhani o ponka no yincumin macacofelay i no Payrang a finacadan, orasaka i ’ayaway no Payrang a rayray no likisi no Taywan masowal ko “Fan” [3]. Nai “Fan” a tilidan, pahecian a sowal a minengneng, “Fan” oya “macengelay” ato “omah” patatekoan, o maomahay a tamdaw sanay ko pitoro’, matiniay ko sa’orip. Nika, itini i romaay finacadan konengneng, “Fan” iraay ko mipelesay, miepecay a sowal[11].

I’ayaw yincumin no Taywan dengan o “niyaro’” ko iraay awaay ko “finacadan” sanay a latrkan[3]:12, orasaka o niyaro’ sato ko pitahidang. Tinako: Tacia kawaliay niyaro’ (tongsya) ato Tacia kaetipay niyaro’ “sisya” maro’ay, sacisowal sato o Tasya a tamdaw. O Pinpu finacadan ano eca Pinpu maecakay finacadan sanay a sowal i matiliday, o sapisiiked toya mangta’ay finacadan ato malafelay finacadan ato lotokay finacadan sanay ko pasasiromaan.

Talacawa nai 18 sician matilid no Mancin o Maecakay a Pinpu sanay ko pitahidang, mika itira i 19 sician mangalef ko nikasowal[4]. Rahodayen ko sowal, i 18 sician matilid o “Pinpu fan”, “Pinpu maecakay fan”, o patoro’ to itiraay i dafdafay no Pintong, dafdafay no Yilan, dafdafay no Posong ato dafdafay no Hengcun a yincumin finacadan. So’elinen ko sowal, o nisowalan no mita anini oya “Pinpu finacadan” tosaay ko pisimed to sasowalen: “Pinpu” ato “Maecakay finacadan”. O cecay a sowal “Pinpu” malifong i kasaniyaro’, oya “maecakay a finacadan” o sowal no mikowanay; nika soelinay, naikoran no Mancin, “Pinpu”, “Maecakay finacadan” itiraay i kasasiroma no finacadan, o mirarakatay a sdowal koni a pitahidang. O pisetek malecaday o pisiiked to sasiroma no sa’etal, tinako itiraay i Hencun, “Maecakay finacadan” snay a pisetek to micamolay to Payrang ato Yincumin, saka “Maecakay finacadan” a niyaro’ han ko pitahidang.  

=== Kasasiiked (分類) ===
Talacowa naira ko tamdawan, kasasiromaroma no tamdaw itiya to masasikihar ko ira ko “sasiiked no rocok”. Nika, kaira no tamdaw ira ko “finacadan” ato “finawlan” ko pisiiked to tamdaw o ikoray to ko nian, mangalef piteka no i’ayaw no 100 miheca picalap no micingcingay ato misatekeday ko pikowanan ho itiya. O Taywan saheto o “masiikeday ko finacadan” saka matiniay ko kamatira no to’ekan mapalowan.  

Ka Dipongan no Taywan o mitakedan a micowat ko pikowan to Taywan itiya, o patodong no pikowan, o pisapinangaw misolap ato sapinang to finacadan ato sera no Taywan, saan micowat misaiked to fanacadan no Taywan ko tayal (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b); tinako oya tayniay nai congko a Minan sa’etal a Ngayngay tamdaw palaPayrangen, ’ayaway nano Ngayngay palaNgayngayen ko pakika.

Miteka, hakasi no Dipong paretatenga oya maro’ay i dafdaf a Pinpu finacadan a yincumin malaPayrang to, dengan to oya “Pinpu finacadan” ano eca “Pinpufan” a nisowalan o pihaop aca, oya nisiikedan a finacadan palao “Takayamacu” patodong. Ikor, o hakasi no Dipong to mamalasawad a ponka no Pinpu finacadan ira to ko masatalolongay a nikafana’an saka, nanoya oya nisowalan a “Pinpu finacadan”, so’elinen halo adihayay kasasiroma no sowal, kasasiroma a ponka no finacadan.

Nikawrira, ’ayaw no 90 no mihecaan, o hakasi sakiPinpu finacadan masasiroma ko pisiiked, ira ko 7 finacadan 14 sangasaw, ira ko 8 finacadan, 9 finacadan, 10 finacadan, 12 finacadan sanay (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b).

Midotoc to aniniay mikingkiway pahecian, saki “Pinpu finacadan”, “Takayamacu” a kasasiiked, caay ko tataparan sanay masasiiked ko finawlan, o nano nai 17 sician ko nisanga’an a likisi, nawhani kasafinacadan a ’orip a sofal ato Palapayrangan a ko saka milafotay to calay. Roma a sowal, o nian “Pinpu finacadan” a kasasiroma no ponka, latek ikaka to cecay no “Pinpucu” ato cecay no “Takasakoco” a kasasiroma, o cecay no “Pinpu finacadan” ato cecay no “Takasako finacadan” latek oya cecayay a finacadan. Tinako sasowalen, nai sowal ato ponka ko pinengneng, samangataay to no ’Amis finacadan a Slaya, Taman ato Makataw finacadan no Taywan a Pinpu finacadan; o sowal ato Saysiyak finacadan mangata to Loylon finacadan no yincuminco.

=== Pakayraan no finacadan (族源) ===
Midoedo to no aniniay nipikingkiw misaheci, pakayraan no Pinpuco a ponka saheto o nai Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no Taywan. Onini a finacadan malesap itini i Taypinyang ato Intoyang, samaraayay manga’ay rapoten koya maraayay to Taywan a Easter Island ato Madagascar.

Dotocen ko kaitiraan, o itiraay i paka’amisay a finacadan no Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan i Taywan ko Pinpu a finacadan. So’elinen o I’ayaway no fa’elohay fokelohan a to’ek ko kaira ano eca talahakel i Taywan ko Pinpu finacadan, o nano mikiriyaray a finacadan. O piwacay no Yincuminco wiyinhuy to yincuminco no Taywan ato Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no hekal a kasakihar i pahapinang to o “nao Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan ko finacadan no Taywan, sakitamdawan ono Malay a tamdawan saka, o paka’amisay no Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan ko Taywan” saan[12].

==== No kaDipongan to’ek a pisilsil (日治時期的分類) ====
Saki Pinpu finacadan a pisilisil, awaay ko masongila’ay a kadadoedo no pisilsil i pikowan no Dipong to Taywan. Itira sa i Netherland a mikowan dengan sa o no kasaniyaro’ a ngangan, oraan sa ko pidoedoan kasasilsil no sa’etal, masa’isal ko pinapina sa’etal no finacadan. Ono i Mancin ni Huang Shujing to “Fansu liukao” a tilid i, malecad to pakayni kasasilsil a palaan misiiked a 13 niyaro’ ko yincumin funacadan.

Tangasa no Dipongan a to’ak, ona Ino Yoshinori, awaya den'nojo a “Taiwan yicumin mondai” (1900) a tilidan itiya to madadoedo ko pisilsil misiiked, ikor to ni Ino Yoshinori a “Taiwan yincumin seici” (1900) a tilidan, itiya masalof ko kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan, kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan ira: Ketagalan, Kavalan, Taokas, Pazih, Papora, Babuza, Arikun, Lloa, Siraya, Makattao 10 finacadan.

Oni Ino Yoshinori a nisiikedan kadadoedo o kacipinangan to pidoedoan, ona Igawa Kazo, Ogawa Tadayoshi, Mabuchi Toichi o pasadakay to kasasiiked siroma no pisilsil (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b). o kalaliyangan ira ko pinapina:

Pakayni to na 2 finacadan Arikun ato Lloa o papalacecayen ko finacadan: o roma a hakasi pasilacecay han koni 2 finacadan, o Hoanya a finacadan han saan. Nika midotoc to no hakasi ca Yung Kayin and Chung Yulan a pisapinang i, paretatenga to Hoanya alatek o nano Folaohua (Fan) a moraraway ko pipasetek. Ono finacadan to inika sasiroma no pihamon, pako niyah sa ko paratatenga.

’Eca ko malecaday to no Ketagalan a finacadan, ano eca padoedoen ho ko pisiiked. Pakayni to sowalan hakasi ca Tsuchida Shigeru aci Lee Inkee paretatenga a nisowalan, oya Ketagalan finacadan salongan malitoloay kasasiroma no sowal saan: Basay, Leilang ato Kulon. Oya Siraiya, Taivoan ato Makattao o masasiromaay ano eca o cecay a finacadan. Tangasa anini o ’alomanay a hakasi a midoedoan tono mikarkaray to notamdawan, sowalan ato lodisan masapinang, patongal no finacadan pihamon to niyah, paretatenga o na toloay ngasaw o masasiromaay caayay kalecad a yincuminco[13][14][15][16][17][18].   

Oni Ikawako no Zang itiniay ni Ino Kasunori saceker mapacomod ko Thao finacadan, o nano Pinpu finacadan ano eca o kaosanco finacadan.

==== Ikoray no kalalood a pisiiked (戰後的分類) ====
Pinapina mihecaan, no hakasi sakiPinpu finacadan a pisiiked, ira to ko fa’elohay a nengneng. No Dipong a hakasi ci Tsuchida Shigeru i 1985 mihecaan misiikedan (nengneng Tsuchida 1985), masiiked ko Pinpu finacadan to 12 finacadan: oya Kavalan, Basay, Ketagalan, Kulon, Taokas, Pazih, Papora, Babuza, Hoanya, Siraya, Makattao, Taivoan a finacadan.

Oni Li Yiyuan misiikedan to Pinpu finacadan masiiked 10 finacadan, oya Kavalan, Kentagalan, Luilang, Taokas, Papora, Babiza, Hoanya, Pazeh, Suisalien(Thau), Siraya finacadan[19]:14.  

Taywan sowalan hakasi ci Li Rengui ira ko masasiromaay a nengneng, nai 1996 miheca “Taywan Pinpu finacadan kasasiiked ato kasasikihar masiiked” a tilid, pasadak to 7 finacadan 14 ko sangasaw a nengneng: Thau, Kavalan, Ketagalan [5], Baburan [6], Pazih, Hoanya, Siraya. Ikor pakayni i sowal fa’elohay kasapinang, I 2006 miheca ato 2010 miheca mihapiw to nitilidan, oya Taivoan ato Makattao nai kaetipay Siraya amasadak[13][14].   

=== Kasamihecaan kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan. (歷年平埔族群分類)[20][21][22][23] ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
| colspan=&quot;19&quot; |'''歷年平埔族群分類'''
|-
|'''年代'''
|'''研究者'''
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; |'''族名'''
|-
|1904
|伊能嘉矩
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Vupuran
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Poavosa
|Arikun
|Lloa
|Pazzehe
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|Makattao
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1930
|移川子之藏
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Vupuran
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazeh
|Sao
|Tao
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1935
|小川尚義
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Vupuran
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazzehe
|Sao
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1944
|小川尚義
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|Luilang
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Papora
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazeh
|Sao
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1951
|張耀錡
|卡瓦蘭

（Kavalan）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |凱達格蘭

（Ketagalan）
|道卡斯

（Taokas）
|拍瀑拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴布薩

（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
|拍宰海

（Pazeh）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |西拉雅

（Siraya）
|四社熟番

（Taivoan）
|-
|1955
|李亦園
|噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|雷朗

（Luilang）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |凱達格蘭

（Ketagalan）
|道卡斯

（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |貓霧拺

（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |和安雅

（Hoanya）
|巴則海

（Pazeh）
|水沙連
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1970
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |台灣省通志
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |卡瓦蘭

（Kavalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |凱達格蘭

（Ketagalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |道卡斯

（Taokas）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |拍瀑拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴布薩

（Babuza／Poavasa）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅（Hoanya）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴則海

（Pazeh／Pazex）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
|Arikun
|Lloa
|馬卡道
|西拉雅
|四社熟番
|-
|1985-1991
|土田滋
|Kavalan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ketagalan
|Basay
|Kulon
|Taokas
|Papora
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazzahe
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|Makatao
|Siraya
|Taivoan
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1991
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |李壬癸
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |凱達格蘭（Ketagalan）
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |巴布薩（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴則海

（Pazeh）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |邵

（Thao）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
|雷朗（Luilang）
|哆囉美遠

（Trobian）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴賽（Basay）
|道卡斯（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
|貓霧拺（Babuza）
|費佛朗

（Favorlang）
|Makatao
|Siraya
|Taivoan
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1996
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |李壬癸
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |猴猴

（Qauqaut）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |凱達格蘭（Ketagalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |龜崙

（Kulon）
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |巴布蘭（Baburan）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴則海

（Pazeh）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |邵

（Thao）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
|雷朗（Luilang）
|哆囉美遠

（Trobian）
|馬賽（Basay）
|道卡斯（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
|貓霧拺（Babuza）
|費佛朗

（Favorlang）
|馬卡道（Makatao）
|西拉雅（Siraya）
|四社熟番（Taivoan）
|-
|2006-2010
|李壬癸
|噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |巴賽（凱達格蘭）

（Basay (Ketagalan)）
|龜崙

（Kulon）
|道卡斯

（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |貓霧拺（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
|巴宰

（Pazih）
|邵

（Thao）
|馬卡道（Makatao）
|西拉雅（Siraya）
|大武壠（Taivoan）
|}

=== Padetengan no finacadan (主要族群) ===
Ka’amis Taywan Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan

Tayal finacadan

Tayal Mie ngasaw

Kaetip ka’amis sowal finacadan

Saysyak finacadan (’ayaway pisiiked)

Kulon finacadan

Pazih finacadan

Pazih finacadan (palowad to sowal) [24][25]

Kahawu finacadan (palowad to sowal) [26][27][28]

Kaetip dafdafay sowal finacadan

Thao finacadan (’ayaway pisiiked)

Taokas finacadan (palowad to sowal) [29]

Papora finacadan

Babuza finacadan

Favorlang finacadan

Hoanya finacadan

Arikun finacadan

Lloa finacadan

Katimol Taywan Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan

Paiwan sowal finacadan

Paiwan Scaro ngasaw

Bunun sowal finacadan

Bunun finacadan Po ngasaw 

Kawali Taywan Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan 

Ka’amisay sowal finacadan

Kavalan finacadan (ira ho ko sowal) 

Houhou finacadan

Ketagalan finacadan

Luilang finacadan

Pazih finacadan (palowad to sowal)[30]

Trobian finacadan

Linao finacadan 

Kaetip katimolay sowal finacadan

Siraya finacadan (palowad to sowal)

Makatao finacadan

Tajialiyang tamdaw

Fangsuo tamdaw

Langqiao tamdaw

Xiaoliuqiu tamdaw

Taivoan finacadan (palowad to sowal) [7]

=== Ponka (文化) ===
Pa’atayan ngangan (姓氏)

Tadamaan ko pa’atayan ngangan no Pinpu finacadan, nawhani masaPayrangay to, saka palasawad hananay to ko tadapa’atayan ngangan ato pipangangan a rocok no Pinpu finacadan, mialaay to tono Payrangan a pa’atayan, midotoc to mikadadoedoedo no finacadan ato sangasaw a pihamon, adihay to ko nipicamol to no Payrang tamdaw, Ngangay tamdaw, roma naikoran to no kalalood mafolaway a Payrang ira aca ko kasasiroma no pa’atayan ngangan, onini pa’atayan ngangan ato pafelian a mikadadoedoedo no finacadan, malo no Pinpu finacadan no niyah pihamonan ko tadamaanay pidotocan[31].

Pafalian a pa’atayan ngangan: Pan

Roma pa’atayan ngangan: Chen, Liu, Huang, Dai, Lai.

Tadamaan pa’atayan ngangan: Bing, Yue, Bang, Yi, Ji, Yi, Li, Mao, Mao, Tong, Nian, Dong, Yan, Ai, He, Cheng, Mai, Hou, Biao, Hong, Shuang, Jiao, Feng, Shi, Zhang, Zhui, Chu, Nai, Wei, Du, Zhen, Yu, Jie, Zhao, Yong, Hu, Zhen, Xie, Mai, Zhang, Xi, Yong, Yi, Jie, Bei, Liu, Shui, Li, Gang, Kun, Zhuo, Ya, Tuo, Mi, Wu, Xin, Kang, Zhang, Chang, Shuang, Gan, Zhuang.

=== Lisin (祭祀) ===
Itini i ka’oripan to romi’ami’adan ko kaira no lisin no Pinpu finacadan, ano sowalen, patodongan no lisin oya serayan a kinaira ko nito’ongan, o pakayraan no pidemak o nikaira no to’asan a pingodo. Siikeden, malitoloay ko pita’ong no Pinpu finacadan to tato’asan:

Comikayay to’asan lisin, mararid ko itiraay tenokan no Taywan a Pazeh finacadan, Papora finacadan,Taokas finacadan, pangangan no lisin itiyaay a lisin a kacomikayan ko todong, mahaenay a lisin roma matiyaay no kaemangay licekah kakomodan sakaira.

Katimolay Siraya finacadan, Makatao finacadan a to’asan lisin oya koreng ko todong tireng no to’asan a mita’ong, matiniay a pita’ong a lekakawa ato ’okak no to’asan pita’ong. Nika ngataay a Taivoan finacadan caay pita’ong to koreng, caay paso’elin t okaitira no to’asan i koreng, o paso’elinan tato’asan itiraay i kapolongan pita’omngan ko pipasayraan mipacakat to kawas.

Ka’amisan no Taywan a Pinpu finacadan Ketagalan finacadan, Kavalan finacadan ano eca Luilang finacadan, pita’ong to to’asan awaay ko todong kaitiraan a mita’ong.

=== Palowasd to serayan (文化復振) ===
Nawhani masaso’otay to ko kacacofel to Payrang, o lakakawa no Pinpu finacadan, sowal to ko kalaswadan. Aniniay hakasi ato teloc no Pinpu finacadan misa’icelay, mikadkad mikilim to lekakawa ato sowal no niyah. Oya Kavalan finacadan mahamon to no Conghuaminko a sifo, palao cecay no finacadan yincuminco no Taywan, oya Siraya finacadan o nano Taynansi a telekan a cecay finawlan a yincumin, itiraay Kompo no Kalingko a Taivoan finacadan, Makatao finacadan, Siraya finacadan o setekan no kofa a yincuminco, nanay masarocod ko pihayda no takarawan sifo no Conghuaminko a mihaydaan.

O Pinpu yincumin a Ketagalan finacadan, Pazih finacadan, Kahawu finacadan, Makatao finacadan, Hoanya finacadan, Papora finacadan, Taokas finacadan a kasafinacadan, nai 1990 miheca miteka palowad to kacingangan onto no Pinpu, mingitangit pihamon no sifo to sakacingangan to yincuminco a Pinpu finacadan[32].

O congtong ci Tsai Ingwen nai 2016 miheca 8 folad 1 romi’ad yicuminco romi’ad pasiyincuminco a mili’ay, miketon mipangalat kacitodong no lekakawa, o kacingangan no Pinpu finacadan citodong to sakacisalongoc ato sakatadamaan. Tangasa i 2016 miheca 10 folad 7 romi’ad misetek k oSincenyin misalof to kacingangan to yincumin, pa’ayaw fa’elohay pihayda t oPinpu finacadan o “Pinpu yincumin” [33], saan i 2017 miheca 8 folad 17 romi’ad mihayda to nipifalic a lalowadan no rikec[34].

=== Finawlan ato kaliposak (人口與分佈) ===
O todong no Pinpu finacadan no Taywan a pipolong to tamdaw, sa’ayaway manengneng to no Netherland pikowan a pipalita to kika, o pisa’osi salongan 4 tangasa 6 ’ofadan itiya. Oya Makatao finacadan itini i Fongsan faloay niyaro’ mata’elifay ko ’ofadan satata’akay finacadan, saka tosa ’alomanay o itiniay i Tansui cepo’ a Kavalan finacadan[35]. O halafinay pikowan no Mancin mapalaPayrang to, pikowan to no Dipong kinapinapinaay mipalita, salongan i 4 tangasa 6 ’ofadan ko ka’aloman[36].  

I 1915 miheca a pipalitaan pahapinang, o Pinpu finacadan tamdaw o i Akao sakowan (aniniay Takaosi, Pintong sa’etal) ko sa’alomanay, makilatosaay no maecakay Fan finacadan ko tamdaw, saheto o aniniay Makatao ato Taivoan pa’atayan a finawlan. Kadadoedo o Taynan sakowan, Nanto sakowan, Kalingko sakowan, macalap ko 30% Pinpu finacadan tamdaw. Manengneng to itiniay tenokan ka’amisay sa’etal no Taywan, dengan o Yilan, Nanto i, kaitiraan no Pinpu finacadan caay toka’aloman[37].
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1905 miheca
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1915 miheca 
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1920 miheca
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1925 miheca
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1930 miheca
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1935 miheca
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1943 miheca
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |46,432
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |47,676
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |48,894
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |51,009
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |53,947
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |57,812
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |62,119
|}
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Kasasiiked  no sakadademak
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1915  mihecaabn tamdaw no finacadan
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Polong  no finacadan % i Taywan
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; | 
|47,676
|100%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Taypi  sakowan
|884
|1.85%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Yilan  sakowan
|2,240
|4.7%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Taoyin  sakowan
|438
|0.92%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Sinco  sakowan
|1,939
|4.07%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Taycong  sakowan
|589
|1.24%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Nanto  sakowan
|5,338
|11.2%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Ciayi  sakowan
|1,729
|3.63%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Taynan  sakowan
|5,920
|12.54%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Akao  sakowan
|21,697
|45.51%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Posong  sakowan
|2,318
|4.86%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Kalingko  sakowan
|4,584
|9.61%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Penho  sakowan
|0
|0%
|}
Midotoc to no Taisho 14 miheca (1925) ato Showa 10 miheca (1935) a pipalita no kitakit, sakowannay to Pinpu finacadan tamdaw ato %. 1925 mihecaan pipalita no kitakit o “maecakay” sanay ho ko sowal a  pitahidang.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Kasa’etal no pikowan
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1925 mihecaan kapolongan no tamdaw
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1925 maecakay tamdaw
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1925 miheca micalapay tamdaw %
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1935 polong no tamdaw
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1935 Pinpu finacadan tamdaw
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1935 miheca polong tamdaw %
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Polong no Taywan
|3,993,408
|51,009
|1.3%
|5,212,426
|57,812
|1.1%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Taypi sakowan
|814,778
|2,622
|0.3%
|1,024,546
|2,358
|0.2%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Sinco sakowan
|597,576
|2,460
|0.4%
|712,309
|2,551
|0.4%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Taycong sakowan
|865,829
|6,519
|0.8%
|1,162,247
|7,210
|0.6%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Taynan sakowan
|1,029,361
|8,177
|0.8%
|1,332,187
|9,422
|0.7%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Takao sakowan
|584,259
|23,319
|4.0%
|732,819
|26,562
|3.6%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Posong sakowan
|42,671
|2,804
|6.6%
|70,710
|3,700
|5.2%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Kalingko sakowan
|58,934
|5,108
|8.7%
|111,497
|6,009
|5.4%
|}
Midotoc to Showa 10 (1935) mihecaan pipalita no kitakit, saka 1 sakowan ato saka 2 sakowan sa’etal Pinpu finacadan tamdaw ato %. Halo salongan saka 3 sakowan ato saka 4 sakowan kadademakan sa’etal (ano Pinpu finacadan tamdaw ira ko 100 tamdawan ano eca fafaeday no calap 5%):

Ikoray no kalaloodan awaayto ko pitoki sa’osi to Pinpu finacadan tamdaw. Pidotocan ni Lin Xiuche to kacomahad mo tamdaw, itira sa I 2000 mihecaan tamdaw no Pinpu finacadan i 10 ’ofad tangasa 20 ’ofad ko ka’aloman no tamdaw[38].

Midotoc to no Taynansi sakowa (2009[39]), Kompo no Kalingko sakowan (2013[40]), Takaosi (2009[41]), Pintong sakowan (2016[42]) a kasaniyaro’ a sifo kadadoedo mafohat “maecakay (Fan)” ko pipasinalit, tangasa 2018 mihecaan, o kasasikowan no niyaro’ makika to Pinpu finacadan a tamdaw:
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; | 
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Siraya finacadan
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Taivoan finacadan
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Makatao finacadan
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Roma/caayay ka sapinang finacadan
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Polongan
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Taynansi
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |11,830
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |11,830
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Takaosi
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |14,099
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |14,099
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Pintungsien
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1,803
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |205
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |2,008
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Kompo kalingko
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1,000
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1,000
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Polongan
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |12,937
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |129
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1,803
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |14,304
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |28,937
|}

=== Pahapinangan (參見) ===
•Cisingkong

•Daduwangkuo

•Sinkang wenshu

•Pinpu tunting

•Tongfanci

•Alizu

•Taicu (Tato’asan pitooran)

•Kongsie (Yincuminco)

•Wangyi (Silaya finacadan)

•Taivoan dadaya lisin

•Cipisuasiao sacepo’

•Pitouyang patireng to tapang

•Longpen fosingkong

•Touse kongsie

•Payrang no Taywan

•Yincumin no Taywan

•Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan sowal

•Yincuminco no Taywan

•Notimolan kalokanatal a sowalan i Taywan

•Caayay ho kasapinang finawlan no Taywan

•Sakacingangan onto no Pinpu finacadan

•Romi’ad no Yincuminco i Taywan

•Sowal no Pinpu

•Sapala Fan (Pinpu) finacadan</text>
      <sha1>7khi796bst9t3telpqcu8kn4p7lw2dp</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>46926</id>
      <parentid>46925</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-07-07T01:27:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Masaonikar</username>
        <id>570</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Pahapinangan (參見) */</comment>
      <origin>46926</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="26288" sha1="qmv1jwaxhpmw27pmplleqovqcm5h181" xml:space="preserve">== Pinpu finacadan (平埔族群) ==
Pinpu finacadan, to hatiniay Pinpoco han ko pitahidang, o pisiiked to sapikown to yincumin no Taywan a tahidang koni[2]. O roma a tahidang o Kaosancu; ikor midoedo to mikingkiway, ponkaan, itiya a mafana’ to o ’alomanay a finacadan caay ko cecayay a finacadan sato, anini falican ko pitahidang o Pinpocu fuinacadan hanto. Oya ’alomanay Pinpuco finacadan tangsa anini caay ho haydaen no Conghuaminko sifo o yincuminco caira, dengan oya pakapian i ’Amis finacadan a Kavalan finacadan.

Pinpu finacadan i’ayaw no pikowan no netherland, spain itiya o “Aporicini-アボリジニ” han ko pitahidang; pikowan to no Mancin i, saheto o mapalatamdaway, maecakay finacadan[1], ato Nama no fan, wairudona fan sanay ko pasasi’ayaw[3]:12. Orasaka o Cori sareta, Aporicini-アボリジニ itiraay i “Dafdafay pala” (Pingti caopu), samasa o sowal pangangan o Pingpuah, Pucirin, Pingpufan (Payrang: Pi-poo-hoan; Inkiris Pepohoan[4][5][6]), onini “Pinpu” a sowal todong “Dafdaf” ano eca “enaray” sanay ko todong no sowal[7].

Tangasa to pikowan no Dipong a to’ek “Taywan Fancin demak” a tilidan o yincumin malitosa Kaosancu, Pinpuco[3]:13, kasaniyaro’ a Pinpuco finacadan ona palowaday to pifalic pala “Tongninco” sanay a syakay onto[5][8]. Tangasa no Conghuaminko to’ek a mikowan miteka o rayray no Pinpuco malasawaday to ko finacadan harateng, caay to pala o yincuminco cangra; ikor makerih to ko mikingkiway t ofinacadan no Taywan, onini likisi no Pinpuco miteka a masafaloco’ no syakay, nika o Pinpuco a finacadan ona oya “Pinpuco” koni finacadan, saan to ikor miliyaw a misilsil to kasasiiked masiroma[2][3]:18.

O Saisiyat ato Thao finadan ona nipacomodan i Pinpu a finacadan, nengnengen “Pinpuco”, “mapalatamdaway”, “maecakay finacadan” ato “manta’ finacadan” sanay ko pisiiked, onini o sakanga’ay no papotalay mikowan, caayay pidotoc to no yincuminco i nihamonan no niyah konini pisiiked, saka aniniay a pipangangan no Pinpu ano eca palowad to ngangan a onto. Tangasa 2022 miheca 10 folad 28 romi’ad, ono Conghuaminko kimpo a hoyin saki Silaya finacadan to kacingangan no yincumin a demak i, mihapiw to itiyaay ho “Rikec no kacingangan no yincumin” o caayay ka tatodong i kimpo, patodongen to tolo miheca ko pisalofan, mihayda to no Kaosancu a pisingsi malayincuminco o nano Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no Taywan, midotoc a pakayni sakacingangan nai tatapangan no rikec ko Pinpu finacadan[9].  

=== Likisi (歷史)   ===
O Pinpu a finacadan nai ’ayaw 17 sician katayni no Payrang i Taywan i, malesap nai ka’amis Yilan, Kilong tangasa katimol mililisay to saetip a riyar a dafdaf a sera, itira ira ko kasasiromaan no ponka, sowal, niyaro’ ko pihamon a saniyaro’an no sa’opo.

Pinpu a fuinacadan ka’amis nai Suaw ato Tayal a kasasilaed, katimol nai Fanliaw ato Paiwanfinacadan malalaed, ikor maepec no Payrang o roma i malinah tayra roma a pala, matiya o Hengcun, Puli, Kalingko Posong.

=== Pakayraan no sowal (詞源) ===
“Pinpu” a sowal a padotocan, manga’ay so’edacen nai Cingcao Yongceng pikowan Huangsujin “Taihai sicalu” (ikor no 1742 miheca), onini a tilid masowal ko “kasa Pinpu a saniyaro’” a sowal, ikor nai ci Chen Lunjiong a “Haikuo wencienlu” (1731 miheca) ira masadak ko “Pinpu yincumin” a sowal[3]:13.

Nawhani o ponka no yincumin macacofelay i no Payrang a finacadan, orasaka i ’ayaway no Payrang a rayray no likisi no Taywan masowal ko “Fan” [3]. Nai “Fan” a tilidan, pahecian a sowal a minengneng, “Fan” oya “macengelay” ato “omah” patatekoan, o maomahay a tamdaw sanay ko pitoro’, matiniay ko sa’orip. Nika, itini i romaay finacadan konengneng, “Fan” iraay ko mipelesay, miepecay a sowal[11].

I’ayaw yincumin no Taywan dengan o “niyaro’” ko iraay awaay ko “finacadan” sanay a latrkan[3]:12, orasaka o niyaro’ sato ko pitahidang. Tinako: Tacia kawaliay niyaro’ (tongsya) ato Tacia kaetipay niyaro’ “sisya” maro’ay, sacisowal sato o Tasya a tamdaw. O Pinpu finacadan ano eca Pinpu maecakay finacadan sanay a sowal i matiliday, o sapisiiked toya mangta’ay finacadan ato malafelay finacadan ato lotokay finacadan sanay ko pasasiromaan.

Talacawa nai 18 sician matilid no Mancin o Maecakay a Pinpu sanay ko pitahidang, mika itira i 19 sician mangalef ko nikasowal[4]. Rahodayen ko sowal, i 18 sician matilid o “Pinpu fan”, “Pinpu maecakay fan”, o patoro’ to itiraay i dafdafay no Pintong, dafdafay no Yilan, dafdafay no Posong ato dafdafay no Hengcun a yincumin finacadan. So’elinen ko sowal, o nisowalan no mita anini oya “Pinpu finacadan” tosaay ko pisimed to sasowalen: “Pinpu” ato “Maecakay finacadan”. O cecay a sowal “Pinpu” malifong i kasaniyaro’, oya “maecakay a finacadan” o sowal no mikowanay; nika soelinay, naikoran no Mancin, “Pinpu”, “Maecakay finacadan” itiraay i kasasiroma no finacadan, o mirarakatay a sdowal koni a pitahidang. O pisetek malecaday o pisiiked to sasiroma no sa’etal, tinako itiraay i Hencun, “Maecakay finacadan” snay a pisetek to micamolay to Payrang ato Yincumin, saka “Maecakay finacadan” a niyaro’ han ko pitahidang.  

=== Kasasiiked (分類) ===
Talacowa naira ko tamdawan, kasasiromaroma no tamdaw itiya to masasikihar ko ira ko “sasiiked no rocok”. Nika, kaira no tamdaw ira ko “finacadan” ato “finawlan” ko pisiiked to tamdaw o ikoray to ko nian, mangalef piteka no i’ayaw no 100 miheca picalap no micingcingay ato misatekeday ko pikowanan ho itiya. O Taywan saheto o “masiikeday ko finacadan” saka matiniay ko kamatira no to’ekan mapalowan.  

Ka Dipongan no Taywan o mitakedan a micowat ko pikowan to Taywan itiya, o patodong no pikowan, o pisapinangaw misolap ato sapinang to finacadan ato sera no Taywan, saan micowat misaiked to fanacadan no Taywan ko tayal (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b); tinako oya tayniay nai congko a Minan sa’etal a Ngayngay tamdaw palaPayrangen, ’ayaway nano Ngayngay palaNgayngayen ko pakika.

Miteka, hakasi no Dipong paretatenga oya maro’ay i dafdaf a Pinpu finacadan a yincumin malaPayrang to, dengan to oya “Pinpu finacadan” ano eca “Pinpufan” a nisowalan o pihaop aca, oya nisiikedan a finacadan palao “Takayamacu” patodong. Ikor, o hakasi no Dipong to mamalasawad a ponka no Pinpu finacadan ira to ko masatalolongay a nikafana’an saka, nanoya oya nisowalan a “Pinpu finacadan”, so’elinen halo adihayay kasasiroma no sowal, kasasiroma a ponka no finacadan.

Nikawrira, ’ayaw no 90 no mihecaan, o hakasi sakiPinpu finacadan masasiroma ko pisiiked, ira ko 7 finacadan 14 sangasaw, ira ko 8 finacadan, 9 finacadan, 10 finacadan, 12 finacadan sanay (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b).

Midotoc to aniniay mikingkiway pahecian, saki “Pinpu finacadan”, “Takayamacu” a kasasiiked, caay ko tataparan sanay masasiiked ko finawlan, o nano nai 17 sician ko nisanga’an a likisi, nawhani kasafinacadan a ’orip a sofal ato Palapayrangan a ko saka milafotay to calay. Roma a sowal, o nian “Pinpu finacadan” a kasasiroma no ponka, latek ikaka to cecay no “Pinpucu” ato cecay no “Takasakoco” a kasasiroma, o cecay no “Pinpu finacadan” ato cecay no “Takasako finacadan” latek oya cecayay a finacadan. Tinako sasowalen, nai sowal ato ponka ko pinengneng, samangataay to no ’Amis finacadan a Slaya, Taman ato Makataw finacadan no Taywan a Pinpu finacadan; o sowal ato Saysiyak finacadan mangata to Loylon finacadan no yincuminco.

=== Pakayraan no finacadan (族源) ===
Midoedo to no aniniay nipikingkiw misaheci, pakayraan no Pinpuco a ponka saheto o nai Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no Taywan. Onini a finacadan malesap itini i Taypinyang ato Intoyang, samaraayay manga’ay rapoten koya maraayay to Taywan a Easter Island ato Madagascar.

Dotocen ko kaitiraan, o itiraay i paka’amisay a finacadan no Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan i Taywan ko Pinpu a finacadan. So’elinen o I’ayaway no fa’elohay fokelohan a to’ek ko kaira ano eca talahakel i Taywan ko Pinpu finacadan, o nano mikiriyaray a finacadan. O piwacay no Yincuminco wiyinhuy to yincuminco no Taywan ato Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no hekal a kasakihar i pahapinang to o “nao Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan ko finacadan no Taywan, sakitamdawan ono Malay a tamdawan saka, o paka’amisay no Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan ko Taywan” saan[12].

==== No kaDipongan to’ek a pisilsil (日治時期的分類) ====
Saki Pinpu finacadan a pisilisil, awaay ko masongila’ay a kadadoedo no pisilsil i pikowan no Dipong to Taywan. Itira sa i Netherland a mikowan dengan sa o no kasaniyaro’ a ngangan, oraan sa ko pidoedoan kasasilsil no sa’etal, masa’isal ko pinapina sa’etal no finacadan. Ono i Mancin ni Huang Shujing to “Fansu liukao” a tilid i, malecad to pakayni kasasilsil a palaan misiiked a 13 niyaro’ ko yincumin funacadan.

Tangasa no Dipongan a to’ak, ona Ino Yoshinori, awaya den'nojo a “Taiwan yicumin mondai” (1900) a tilidan itiya to madadoedo ko pisilsil misiiked, ikor to ni Ino Yoshinori a “Taiwan yincumin seici” (1900) a tilidan, itiya masalof ko kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan, kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan ira: Ketagalan, Kavalan, Taokas, Pazih, Papora, Babuza, Arikun, Lloa, Siraya, Makattao 10 finacadan.

Oni Ino Yoshinori a nisiikedan kadadoedo o kacipinangan to pidoedoan, ona Igawa Kazo, Ogawa Tadayoshi, Mabuchi Toichi o pasadakay to kasasiiked siroma no pisilsil (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b). o kalaliyangan ira ko pinapina:

Pakayni to na 2 finacadan Arikun ato Lloa o papalacecayen ko finacadan: o roma a hakasi pasilacecay han koni 2 finacadan, o Hoanya a finacadan han saan. Nika midotoc to no hakasi ca Yung Kayin and Chung Yulan a pisapinang i, paretatenga to Hoanya alatek o nano Folaohua (Fan) a moraraway ko pipasetek. Ono finacadan to inika sasiroma no pihamon, pako niyah sa ko paratatenga.

’Eca ko malecaday to no Ketagalan a finacadan, ano eca padoedoen ho ko pisiiked. Pakayni to sowalan hakasi ca Tsuchida Shigeru aci Lee Inkee paretatenga a nisowalan, oya Ketagalan finacadan salongan malitoloay kasasiroma no sowal saan: Basay, Leilang ato Kulon. Oya Siraiya, Taivoan ato Makattao o masasiromaay ano eca o cecay a finacadan. Tangasa anini o ’alomanay a hakasi a midoedoan tono mikarkaray to notamdawan, sowalan ato lodisan masapinang, patongal no finacadan pihamon to niyah, paretatenga o na toloay ngasaw o masasiromaay caayay kalecad a yincuminco[13][14][15][16][17][18].   

Oni Ikawako no Zang itiniay ni Ino Kasunori saceker mapacomod ko Thao finacadan, o nano Pinpu finacadan ano eca o kaosanco finacadan.

==== Ikoray no kalalood a pisiiked (戰後的分類) ====
Pinapina mihecaan, no hakasi sakiPinpu finacadan a pisiiked, ira to ko fa’elohay a nengneng. No Dipong a hakasi ci Tsuchida Shigeru i 1985 mihecaan misiikedan (nengneng Tsuchida 1985), masiiked ko Pinpu finacadan to 12 finacadan: oya Kavalan, Basay, Ketagalan, Kulon, Taokas, Pazih, Papora, Babuza, Hoanya, Siraya, Makattao, Taivoan a finacadan.

Oni Li Yiyuan misiikedan to Pinpu finacadan masiiked 10 finacadan, oya Kavalan, Kentagalan, Luilang, Taokas, Papora, Babiza, Hoanya, Pazeh, Suisalien(Thau), Siraya finacadan[19]:14.  

Taywan sowalan hakasi ci Li Rengui ira ko masasiromaay a nengneng, nai 1996 miheca “Taywan Pinpu finacadan kasasiiked ato kasasikihar masiiked” a tilid, pasadak to 7 finacadan 14 ko sangasaw a nengneng: Thau, Kavalan, Ketagalan [5], Baburan [6], Pazih, Hoanya, Siraya. Ikor pakayni i sowal fa’elohay kasapinang, I 2006 miheca ato 2010 miheca mihapiw to nitilidan, oya Taivoan ato Makattao nai kaetipay Siraya amasadak[13][14].   

=== Kasamihecaan kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan. (歷年平埔族群分類)[20][21][22][23] ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
| colspan=&quot;19&quot; |'''歷年平埔族群分類'''
|-
|'''年代'''
|'''研究者'''
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; |'''族名'''
|-
|1904
|伊能嘉矩
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Vupuran
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Poavosa
|Arikun
|Lloa
|Pazzehe
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|Makattao
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1930
|移川子之藏
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Vupuran
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazeh
|Sao
|Tao
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1935
|小川尚義
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Vupuran
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazzehe
|Sao
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1944
|小川尚義
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|Luilang
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Papora
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazeh
|Sao
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1951
|張耀錡
|卡瓦蘭

（Kavalan）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |凱達格蘭

（Ketagalan）
|道卡斯

（Taokas）
|拍瀑拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴布薩

（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
|拍宰海

（Pazeh）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |西拉雅

（Siraya）
|四社熟番

（Taivoan）
|-
|1955
|李亦園
|噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|雷朗

（Luilang）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |凱達格蘭

（Ketagalan）
|道卡斯

（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |貓霧拺

（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |和安雅

（Hoanya）
|巴則海

（Pazeh）
|水沙連
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1970
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |台灣省通志
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |卡瓦蘭

（Kavalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |凱達格蘭

（Ketagalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |道卡斯

（Taokas）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |拍瀑拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴布薩

（Babuza／Poavasa）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅（Hoanya）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴則海

（Pazeh／Pazex）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
|Arikun
|Lloa
|馬卡道
|西拉雅
|四社熟番
|-
|1985-1991
|土田滋
|Kavalan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ketagalan
|Basay
|Kulon
|Taokas
|Papora
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazzahe
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|Makatao
|Siraya
|Taivoan
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1991
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |李壬癸
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |凱達格蘭（Ketagalan）
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |巴布薩（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴則海

（Pazeh）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |邵

（Thao）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
|雷朗（Luilang）
|哆囉美遠

（Trobian）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴賽（Basay）
|道卡斯（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
|貓霧拺（Babuza）
|費佛朗

（Favorlang）
|Makatao
|Siraya
|Taivoan
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1996
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |李壬癸
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |猴猴

（Qauqaut）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |凱達格蘭（Ketagalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |龜崙

（Kulon）
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |巴布蘭（Baburan）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴則海

（Pazeh）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |邵

（Thao）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
|雷朗（Luilang）
|哆囉美遠

（Trobian）
|馬賽（Basay）
|道卡斯（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
|貓霧拺（Babuza）
|費佛朗

（Favorlang）
|馬卡道（Makatao）
|西拉雅（Siraya）
|四社熟番（Taivoan）
|-
|2006-2010
|李壬癸
|噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |巴賽（凱達格蘭）

（Basay (Ketagalan)）
|龜崙

（Kulon）
|道卡斯

（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |貓霧拺（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
|巴宰

（Pazih）
|邵

（Thao）
|馬卡道（Makatao）
|西拉雅（Siraya）
|大武壠（Taivoan）
|}

=== Padetengan no finacadan (主要族群) ===
Ka’amis Taywan Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan

Tayal finacadan

Tayal Mie ngasaw

Kaetip ka’amis sowal finacadan

Saysyak finacadan (’ayaway pisiiked)

Kulon finacadan

Pazih finacadan

Pazih finacadan (palowad to sowal) [24][25]

Kahawu finacadan (palowad to sowal) [26][27][28]

Kaetip dafdafay sowal finacadan

Thao finacadan (’ayaway pisiiked)

Taokas finacadan (palowad to sowal) [29]

Papora finacadan

Babuza finacadan

Favorlang finacadan

Hoanya finacadan

Arikun finacadan

Lloa finacadan

Katimol Taywan Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan

Paiwan sowal finacadan

Paiwan Scaro ngasaw

Bunun sowal finacadan

Bunun finacadan Po ngasaw 

Kawali Taywan Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan 

Ka’amisay sowal finacadan

Kavalan finacadan (ira ho ko sowal) 

Houhou finacadan

Ketagalan finacadan

Luilang finacadan

Pazih finacadan (palowad to sowal)[30]

Trobian finacadan

Linao finacadan 

Kaetip katimolay sowal finacadan

Siraya finacadan (palowad to sowal)

Makatao finacadan

Tajialiyang tamdaw

Fangsuo tamdaw

Langqiao tamdaw

Xiaoliuqiu tamdaw

Taivoan finacadan (palowad to sowal) [7]

=== Ponka (文化) ===
Pa’atayan ngangan (姓氏)

Tadamaan ko pa’atayan ngangan no Pinpu finacadan, nawhani masaPayrangay to, saka palasawad hananay to ko tadapa’atayan ngangan ato pipangangan a rocok no Pinpu finacadan, mialaay to tono Payrangan a pa’atayan, midotoc to mikadadoedoedo no finacadan ato sangasaw a pihamon, adihay to ko nipicamol to no Payrang tamdaw, Ngangay tamdaw, roma naikoran to no kalalood mafolaway a Payrang ira aca ko kasasiroma no pa’atayan ngangan, onini pa’atayan ngangan ato pafelian a mikadadoedoedo no finacadan, malo no Pinpu finacadan no niyah pihamonan ko tadamaanay pidotocan[31].

Pafalian a pa’atayan ngangan: Pan

Roma pa’atayan ngangan: Chen, Liu, Huang, Dai, Lai.

Tadamaan pa’atayan ngangan: Bing, Yue, Bang, Yi, Ji, Yi, Li, Mao, Mao, Tong, Nian, Dong, Yan, Ai, He, Cheng, Mai, Hou, Biao, Hong, Shuang, Jiao, Feng, Shi, Zhang, Zhui, Chu, Nai, Wei, Du, Zhen, Yu, Jie, Zhao, Yong, Hu, Zhen, Xie, Mai, Zhang, Xi, Yong, Yi, Jie, Bei, Liu, Shui, Li, Gang, Kun, Zhuo, Ya, Tuo, Mi, Wu, Xin, Kang, Zhang, Chang, Shuang, Gan, Zhuang.

=== Lisin (祭祀) ===
Itini i ka’oripan to romi’ami’adan ko kaira no lisin no Pinpu finacadan, ano sowalen, patodongan no lisin oya serayan a kinaira ko nito’ongan, o pakayraan no pidemak o nikaira no to’asan a pingodo. Siikeden, malitoloay ko pita’ong no Pinpu finacadan to tato’asan:

Comikayay to’asan lisin, mararid ko itiraay tenokan no Taywan a Pazeh finacadan, Papora finacadan,Taokas finacadan, pangangan no lisin itiyaay a lisin a kacomikayan ko todong, mahaenay a lisin roma matiyaay no kaemangay licekah kakomodan sakaira.

Katimolay Siraya finacadan, Makatao finacadan a to’asan lisin oya koreng ko todong tireng no to’asan a mita’ong, matiniay a pita’ong a lekakawa ato ’okak no to’asan pita’ong. Nika ngataay a Taivoan finacadan caay pita’ong to koreng, caay paso’elin t okaitira no to’asan i koreng, o paso’elinan tato’asan itiraay i kapolongan pita’omngan ko pipasayraan mipacakat to kawas.

Ka’amisan no Taywan a Pinpu finacadan Ketagalan finacadan, Kavalan finacadan ano eca Luilang finacadan, pita’ong to to’asan awaay ko todong kaitiraan a mita’ong.

=== Palowasd to serayan (文化復振) ===
Nawhani masaso’otay to ko kacacofel to Payrang, o lakakawa no Pinpu finacadan, sowal to ko kalaswadan. Aniniay hakasi ato teloc no Pinpu finacadan misa’icelay, mikadkad mikilim to lekakawa ato sowal no niyah. Oya Kavalan finacadan mahamon to no Conghuaminko a sifo, palao cecay no finacadan yincuminco no Taywan, oya Siraya finacadan o nano Taynansi a telekan a cecay finawlan a yincumin, itiraay Kompo no Kalingko a Taivoan finacadan, Makatao finacadan, Siraya finacadan o setekan no kofa a yincuminco, nanay masarocod ko pihayda no takarawan sifo no Conghuaminko a mihaydaan.

O Pinpu yincumin a Ketagalan finacadan, Pazih finacadan, Kahawu finacadan, Makatao finacadan, Hoanya finacadan, Papora finacadan, Taokas finacadan a kasafinacadan, nai 1990 miheca miteka palowad to kacingangan onto no Pinpu, mingitangit pihamon no sifo to sakacingangan to yincuminco a Pinpu finacadan[32].

O congtong ci Tsai Ingwen nai 2016 miheca 8 folad 1 romi’ad yicuminco romi’ad pasiyincuminco a mili’ay, miketon mipangalat kacitodong no lekakawa, o kacingangan no Pinpu finacadan citodong to sakacisalongoc ato sakatadamaan. Tangasa i 2016 miheca 10 folad 7 romi’ad misetek k oSincenyin misalof to kacingangan to yincumin, pa’ayaw fa’elohay pihayda t oPinpu finacadan o “Pinpu yincumin” [33], saan i 2017 miheca 8 folad 17 romi’ad mihayda to nipifalic a lalowadan no rikec[34].

=== Finawlan ato kaliposak (人口與分佈) ===
O todong no Pinpu finacadan no Taywan a pipolong to tamdaw, sa’ayaway manengneng to no Netherland pikowan a pipalita to kika, o pisa’osi salongan 4 tangasa 6 ’ofadan itiya. Oya Makatao finacadan itini i Fongsan faloay niyaro’ mata’elifay ko ’ofadan satata’akay finacadan, saka tosa ’alomanay o itiniay i Tansui cepo’ a Kavalan finacadan[35]. O halafinay pikowan no Mancin mapalaPayrang to, pikowan to no Dipong kinapinapinaay mipalita, salongan i 4 tangasa 6 ’ofadan ko ka’aloman[36].  

I 1915 miheca a pipalitaan pahapinang, o Pinpu finacadan tamdaw o i Akao sakowan (aniniay Takaosi, Pintong sa’etal) ko sa’alomanay, makilatosaay no maecakay Fan finacadan ko tamdaw, saheto o aniniay Makatao ato Taivoan pa’atayan a finawlan. Kadadoedo o Taynan sakowan, Nanto sakowan, Kalingko sakowan, macalap ko 30% Pinpu finacadan tamdaw. Manengneng to itiniay tenokan ka’amisay sa’etal no Taywan, dengan o Yilan, Nanto i, kaitiraan no Pinpu finacadan caay toka’aloman[37].
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1905 miheca
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1915 miheca 
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1920 miheca
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1925 miheca
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1930 miheca
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1935 miheca
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1943 miheca
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |46,432
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |47,676
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |48,894
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |51,009
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |53,947
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |57,812
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |62,119
|}
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Kasasiiked  no sakadademak
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1915  mihecaabn tamdaw no finacadan
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Polong  no finacadan % i Taywan
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; | 
|47,676
|100%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Taypi  sakowan
|884
|1.85%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Yilan  sakowan
|2,240
|4.7%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Taoyin  sakowan
|438
|0.92%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Sinco  sakowan
|1,939
|4.07%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Taycong  sakowan
|589
|1.24%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Nanto  sakowan
|5,338
|11.2%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Ciayi  sakowan
|1,729
|3.63%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Taynan  sakowan
|5,920
|12.54%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Akao  sakowan
|21,697
|45.51%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Posong  sakowan
|2,318
|4.86%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Kalingko  sakowan
|4,584
|9.61%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Penho  sakowan
|0
|0%
|}
Midotoc to no Taisho 14 miheca (1925) ato Showa 10 miheca (1935) a pipalita no kitakit, sakowannay to Pinpu finacadan tamdaw ato %. 1925 mihecaan pipalita no kitakit o “maecakay” sanay ho ko sowal a  pitahidang.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Kasa’etal no pikowan
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1925 mihecaan kapolongan no tamdaw
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1925 maecakay tamdaw
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1925 miheca micalapay tamdaw %
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1935 polong no tamdaw
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1935 Pinpu finacadan tamdaw
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1935 miheca polong tamdaw %
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Polong no Taywan
|3,993,408
|51,009
|1.3%
|5,212,426
|57,812
|1.1%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Taypi sakowan
|814,778
|2,622
|0.3%
|1,024,546
|2,358
|0.2%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Sinco sakowan
|597,576
|2,460
|0.4%
|712,309
|2,551
|0.4%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Taycong sakowan
|865,829
|6,519
|0.8%
|1,162,247
|7,210
|0.6%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Taynan sakowan
|1,029,361
|8,177
|0.8%
|1,332,187
|9,422
|0.7%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Takao sakowan
|584,259
|23,319
|4.0%
|732,819
|26,562
|3.6%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Posong sakowan
|42,671
|2,804
|6.6%
|70,710
|3,700
|5.2%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Kalingko sakowan
|58,934
|5,108
|8.7%
|111,497
|6,009
|5.4%
|}
Midotoc to Showa 10 (1935) mihecaan pipalita no kitakit, saka 1 sakowan ato saka 2 sakowan sa’etal Pinpu finacadan tamdaw ato %. Halo salongan saka 3 sakowan ato saka 4 sakowan kadademakan sa’etal (ano Pinpu finacadan tamdaw ira ko 100 tamdawan ano eca fafaeday no calap 5%):

Ikoray no kalaloodan awaayto ko pitoki sa’osi to Pinpu finacadan tamdaw. Pidotocan ni Lin Xiuche to kacomahad mo tamdaw, itira sa I 2000 mihecaan tamdaw no Pinpu finacadan i 10 ’ofad tangasa 20 ’ofad ko ka’aloman no tamdaw[38].

Midotoc to no Taynansi sakowa (2009[39]), Kompo no Kalingko sakowan (2013[40]), Takaosi (2009[41]), Pintong sakowan (2016[42]) a kasaniyaro’ a sifo kadadoedo mafohat “maecakay (Fan)” ko pipasinalit, tangasa 2018 mihecaan, o kasasikowan no niyaro’ makika to Pinpu finacadan a tamdaw:
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; | 
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Siraya finacadan
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Taivoan finacadan
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Makatao finacadan
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Roma/caayay ka sapinang finacadan
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Polongan
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Taynansi
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |11,830
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |11,830
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Takaosi
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |14,099
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |14,099
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Pintungsien
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1,803
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |205
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |2,008
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Kompo kalingko
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1,000
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1,000
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Polongan
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |12,937
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |129
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1,803
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |14,304
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |28,937
|}

=== Pahapinangan (參見) ===
•Cisingkong

•Daduwangkuo

•Sinkang wenshu

•Pinpu tunting

•Tongfanci

•Alizu

•Taicu (Tato’asan pitooran)

•Kongsie (Yincuminco)

•Wangyi (Silaya finacadan)

•Taivoan dadaya lisin

•Cipisuasiao sacepo’

•Pitouyang patireng to tapang

•Longpen fosingkong

•Touse kongsie

•Payrang no Taywan

•Yincumin no Taywan

•Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan sowal

•Yincuminco no Taywan

•Notimolan kalokanatal a sowalan i Taywan

•Caayay ho kasapinang finawlan no Taywan

•Sakacingangan onto no Pinpu finacadan

•Romi’ad no Yincuminco i Taywan

•Sowal no Pinpu

•Sapala Fan (Pinpu) finacadan

=== Pinengnengan (參考資料) ===</text>
      <sha1>qmv1jwaxhpmw27pmplleqovqcm5h181</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>46927</id>
      <parentid>46926</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-07-07T01:28:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Masaonikar</username>
        <id>570</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Pinengnengan (參考資料) */</comment>
      <origin>46927</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="32031" sha1="g4nyzio332rcpob653i1dic1jy0blds" xml:space="preserve">== Pinpu finacadan (平埔族群) ==
Pinpu finacadan, to hatiniay Pinpoco han ko pitahidang, o pisiiked to sapikown to yincumin no Taywan a tahidang koni[2]. O roma a tahidang o Kaosancu; ikor midoedo to mikingkiway, ponkaan, itiya a mafana’ to o ’alomanay a finacadan caay ko cecayay a finacadan sato, anini falican ko pitahidang o Pinpocu fuinacadan hanto. Oya ’alomanay Pinpuco finacadan tangsa anini caay ho haydaen no Conghuaminko sifo o yincuminco caira, dengan oya pakapian i ’Amis finacadan a Kavalan finacadan.

Pinpu finacadan i’ayaw no pikowan no netherland, spain itiya o “Aporicini-アボリジニ” han ko pitahidang; pikowan to no Mancin i, saheto o mapalatamdaway, maecakay finacadan[1], ato Nama no fan, wairudona fan sanay ko pasasi’ayaw[3]:12. Orasaka o Cori sareta, Aporicini-アボリジニ itiraay i “Dafdafay pala” (Pingti caopu), samasa o sowal pangangan o Pingpuah, Pucirin, Pingpufan (Payrang: Pi-poo-hoan; Inkiris Pepohoan[4][5][6]), onini “Pinpu” a sowal todong “Dafdaf” ano eca “enaray” sanay ko todong no sowal[7].

Tangasa to pikowan no Dipong a to’ek “Taywan Fancin demak” a tilidan o yincumin malitosa Kaosancu, Pinpuco[3]:13, kasaniyaro’ a Pinpuco finacadan ona palowaday to pifalic pala “Tongninco” sanay a syakay onto[5][8]. Tangasa no Conghuaminko to’ek a mikowan miteka o rayray no Pinpuco malasawaday to ko finacadan harateng, caay to pala o yincuminco cangra; ikor makerih to ko mikingkiway t ofinacadan no Taywan, onini likisi no Pinpuco miteka a masafaloco’ no syakay, nika o Pinpuco a finacadan ona oya “Pinpuco” koni finacadan, saan to ikor miliyaw a misilsil to kasasiiked masiroma[2][3]:18.

O Saisiyat ato Thao finadan ona nipacomodan i Pinpu a finacadan, nengnengen “Pinpuco”, “mapalatamdaway”, “maecakay finacadan” ato “manta’ finacadan” sanay ko pisiiked, onini o sakanga’ay no papotalay mikowan, caayay pidotoc to no yincuminco i nihamonan no niyah konini pisiiked, saka aniniay a pipangangan no Pinpu ano eca palowad to ngangan a onto. Tangasa 2022 miheca 10 folad 28 romi’ad, ono Conghuaminko kimpo a hoyin saki Silaya finacadan to kacingangan no yincumin a demak i, mihapiw to itiyaay ho “Rikec no kacingangan no yincumin” o caayay ka tatodong i kimpo, patodongen to tolo miheca ko pisalofan, mihayda to no Kaosancu a pisingsi malayincuminco o nano Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no Taywan, midotoc a pakayni sakacingangan nai tatapangan no rikec ko Pinpu finacadan[9].  

=== Likisi (歷史)   ===
O Pinpu a finacadan nai ’ayaw 17 sician katayni no Payrang i Taywan i, malesap nai ka’amis Yilan, Kilong tangasa katimol mililisay to saetip a riyar a dafdaf a sera, itira ira ko kasasiromaan no ponka, sowal, niyaro’ ko pihamon a saniyaro’an no sa’opo.

Pinpu a fuinacadan ka’amis nai Suaw ato Tayal a kasasilaed, katimol nai Fanliaw ato Paiwanfinacadan malalaed, ikor maepec no Payrang o roma i malinah tayra roma a pala, matiya o Hengcun, Puli, Kalingko Posong.

=== Pakayraan no sowal (詞源) ===
“Pinpu” a sowal a padotocan, manga’ay so’edacen nai Cingcao Yongceng pikowan Huangsujin “Taihai sicalu” (ikor no 1742 miheca), onini a tilid masowal ko “kasa Pinpu a saniyaro’” a sowal, ikor nai ci Chen Lunjiong a “Haikuo wencienlu” (1731 miheca) ira masadak ko “Pinpu yincumin” a sowal[3]:13.

Nawhani o ponka no yincumin macacofelay i no Payrang a finacadan, orasaka i ’ayaway no Payrang a rayray no likisi no Taywan masowal ko “Fan” [3]. Nai “Fan” a tilidan, pahecian a sowal a minengneng, “Fan” oya “macengelay” ato “omah” patatekoan, o maomahay a tamdaw sanay ko pitoro’, matiniay ko sa’orip. Nika, itini i romaay finacadan konengneng, “Fan” iraay ko mipelesay, miepecay a sowal[11].

I’ayaw yincumin no Taywan dengan o “niyaro’” ko iraay awaay ko “finacadan” sanay a latrkan[3]:12, orasaka o niyaro’ sato ko pitahidang. Tinako: Tacia kawaliay niyaro’ (tongsya) ato Tacia kaetipay niyaro’ “sisya” maro’ay, sacisowal sato o Tasya a tamdaw. O Pinpu finacadan ano eca Pinpu maecakay finacadan sanay a sowal i matiliday, o sapisiiked toya mangta’ay finacadan ato malafelay finacadan ato lotokay finacadan sanay ko pasasiromaan.

Talacawa nai 18 sician matilid no Mancin o Maecakay a Pinpu sanay ko pitahidang, mika itira i 19 sician mangalef ko nikasowal[4]. Rahodayen ko sowal, i 18 sician matilid o “Pinpu fan”, “Pinpu maecakay fan”, o patoro’ to itiraay i dafdafay no Pintong, dafdafay no Yilan, dafdafay no Posong ato dafdafay no Hengcun a yincumin finacadan. So’elinen ko sowal, o nisowalan no mita anini oya “Pinpu finacadan” tosaay ko pisimed to sasowalen: “Pinpu” ato “Maecakay finacadan”. O cecay a sowal “Pinpu” malifong i kasaniyaro’, oya “maecakay a finacadan” o sowal no mikowanay; nika soelinay, naikoran no Mancin, “Pinpu”, “Maecakay finacadan” itiraay i kasasiroma no finacadan, o mirarakatay a sdowal koni a pitahidang. O pisetek malecaday o pisiiked to sasiroma no sa’etal, tinako itiraay i Hencun, “Maecakay finacadan” snay a pisetek to micamolay to Payrang ato Yincumin, saka “Maecakay finacadan” a niyaro’ han ko pitahidang.  

=== Kasasiiked (分類) ===
Talacowa naira ko tamdawan, kasasiromaroma no tamdaw itiya to masasikihar ko ira ko “sasiiked no rocok”. Nika, kaira no tamdaw ira ko “finacadan” ato “finawlan” ko pisiiked to tamdaw o ikoray to ko nian, mangalef piteka no i’ayaw no 100 miheca picalap no micingcingay ato misatekeday ko pikowanan ho itiya. O Taywan saheto o “masiikeday ko finacadan” saka matiniay ko kamatira no to’ekan mapalowan.  

Ka Dipongan no Taywan o mitakedan a micowat ko pikowan to Taywan itiya, o patodong no pikowan, o pisapinangaw misolap ato sapinang to finacadan ato sera no Taywan, saan micowat misaiked to fanacadan no Taywan ko tayal (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b); tinako oya tayniay nai congko a Minan sa’etal a Ngayngay tamdaw palaPayrangen, ’ayaway nano Ngayngay palaNgayngayen ko pakika.

Miteka, hakasi no Dipong paretatenga oya maro’ay i dafdaf a Pinpu finacadan a yincumin malaPayrang to, dengan to oya “Pinpu finacadan” ano eca “Pinpufan” a nisowalan o pihaop aca, oya nisiikedan a finacadan palao “Takayamacu” patodong. Ikor, o hakasi no Dipong to mamalasawad a ponka no Pinpu finacadan ira to ko masatalolongay a nikafana’an saka, nanoya oya nisowalan a “Pinpu finacadan”, so’elinen halo adihayay kasasiroma no sowal, kasasiroma a ponka no finacadan.

Nikawrira, ’ayaw no 90 no mihecaan, o hakasi sakiPinpu finacadan masasiroma ko pisiiked, ira ko 7 finacadan 14 sangasaw, ira ko 8 finacadan, 9 finacadan, 10 finacadan, 12 finacadan sanay (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b).

Midotoc to aniniay mikingkiway pahecian, saki “Pinpu finacadan”, “Takayamacu” a kasasiiked, caay ko tataparan sanay masasiiked ko finawlan, o nano nai 17 sician ko nisanga’an a likisi, nawhani kasafinacadan a ’orip a sofal ato Palapayrangan a ko saka milafotay to calay. Roma a sowal, o nian “Pinpu finacadan” a kasasiroma no ponka, latek ikaka to cecay no “Pinpucu” ato cecay no “Takasakoco” a kasasiroma, o cecay no “Pinpu finacadan” ato cecay no “Takasako finacadan” latek oya cecayay a finacadan. Tinako sasowalen, nai sowal ato ponka ko pinengneng, samangataay to no ’Amis finacadan a Slaya, Taman ato Makataw finacadan no Taywan a Pinpu finacadan; o sowal ato Saysiyak finacadan mangata to Loylon finacadan no yincuminco.

=== Pakayraan no finacadan (族源) ===
Midoedo to no aniniay nipikingkiw misaheci, pakayraan no Pinpuco a ponka saheto o nai Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no Taywan. Onini a finacadan malesap itini i Taypinyang ato Intoyang, samaraayay manga’ay rapoten koya maraayay to Taywan a Easter Island ato Madagascar.

Dotocen ko kaitiraan, o itiraay i paka’amisay a finacadan no Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan i Taywan ko Pinpu a finacadan. So’elinen o I’ayaway no fa’elohay fokelohan a to’ek ko kaira ano eca talahakel i Taywan ko Pinpu finacadan, o nano mikiriyaray a finacadan. O piwacay no Yincuminco wiyinhuy to yincuminco no Taywan ato Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no hekal a kasakihar i pahapinang to o “nao Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan ko finacadan no Taywan, sakitamdawan ono Malay a tamdawan saka, o paka’amisay no Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan ko Taywan” saan[12].

==== No kaDipongan to’ek a pisilsil (日治時期的分類) ====
Saki Pinpu finacadan a pisilisil, awaay ko masongila’ay a kadadoedo no pisilsil i pikowan no Dipong to Taywan. Itira sa i Netherland a mikowan dengan sa o no kasaniyaro’ a ngangan, oraan sa ko pidoedoan kasasilsil no sa’etal, masa’isal ko pinapina sa’etal no finacadan. Ono i Mancin ni Huang Shujing to “Fansu liukao” a tilid i, malecad to pakayni kasasilsil a palaan misiiked a 13 niyaro’ ko yincumin funacadan.

Tangasa no Dipongan a to’ak, ona Ino Yoshinori, awaya den'nojo a “Taiwan yicumin mondai” (1900) a tilidan itiya to madadoedo ko pisilsil misiiked, ikor to ni Ino Yoshinori a “Taiwan yincumin seici” (1900) a tilidan, itiya masalof ko kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan, kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan ira: Ketagalan, Kavalan, Taokas, Pazih, Papora, Babuza, Arikun, Lloa, Siraya, Makattao 10 finacadan.

Oni Ino Yoshinori a nisiikedan kadadoedo o kacipinangan to pidoedoan, ona Igawa Kazo, Ogawa Tadayoshi, Mabuchi Toichi o pasadakay to kasasiiked siroma no pisilsil (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b). o kalaliyangan ira ko pinapina:

Pakayni to na 2 finacadan Arikun ato Lloa o papalacecayen ko finacadan: o roma a hakasi pasilacecay han koni 2 finacadan, o Hoanya a finacadan han saan. Nika midotoc to no hakasi ca Yung Kayin and Chung Yulan a pisapinang i, paretatenga to Hoanya alatek o nano Folaohua (Fan) a moraraway ko pipasetek. Ono finacadan to inika sasiroma no pihamon, pako niyah sa ko paratatenga.

’Eca ko malecaday to no Ketagalan a finacadan, ano eca padoedoen ho ko pisiiked. Pakayni to sowalan hakasi ca Tsuchida Shigeru aci Lee Inkee paretatenga a nisowalan, oya Ketagalan finacadan salongan malitoloay kasasiroma no sowal saan: Basay, Leilang ato Kulon. Oya Siraiya, Taivoan ato Makattao o masasiromaay ano eca o cecay a finacadan. Tangasa anini o ’alomanay a hakasi a midoedoan tono mikarkaray to notamdawan, sowalan ato lodisan masapinang, patongal no finacadan pihamon to niyah, paretatenga o na toloay ngasaw o masasiromaay caayay kalecad a yincuminco[13][14][15][16][17][18].   

Oni Ikawako no Zang itiniay ni Ino Kasunori saceker mapacomod ko Thao finacadan, o nano Pinpu finacadan ano eca o kaosanco finacadan.

==== Ikoray no kalalood a pisiiked (戰後的分類) ====
Pinapina mihecaan, no hakasi sakiPinpu finacadan a pisiiked, ira to ko fa’elohay a nengneng. No Dipong a hakasi ci Tsuchida Shigeru i 1985 mihecaan misiikedan (nengneng Tsuchida 1985), masiiked ko Pinpu finacadan to 12 finacadan: oya Kavalan, Basay, Ketagalan, Kulon, Taokas, Pazih, Papora, Babuza, Hoanya, Siraya, Makattao, Taivoan a finacadan.

Oni Li Yiyuan misiikedan to Pinpu finacadan masiiked 10 finacadan, oya Kavalan, Kentagalan, Luilang, Taokas, Papora, Babiza, Hoanya, Pazeh, Suisalien(Thau), Siraya finacadan[19]:14.  

Taywan sowalan hakasi ci Li Rengui ira ko masasiromaay a nengneng, nai 1996 miheca “Taywan Pinpu finacadan kasasiiked ato kasasikihar masiiked” a tilid, pasadak to 7 finacadan 14 ko sangasaw a nengneng: Thau, Kavalan, Ketagalan [5], Baburan [6], Pazih, Hoanya, Siraya. Ikor pakayni i sowal fa’elohay kasapinang, I 2006 miheca ato 2010 miheca mihapiw to nitilidan, oya Taivoan ato Makattao nai kaetipay Siraya amasadak[13][14].   

=== Kasamihecaan kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan. (歷年平埔族群分類)[20][21][22][23] ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
| colspan=&quot;19&quot; |'''歷年平埔族群分類'''
|-
|'''年代'''
|'''研究者'''
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; |'''族名'''
|-
|1904
|伊能嘉矩
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Vupuran
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Poavosa
|Arikun
|Lloa
|Pazzehe
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|Makattao
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1930
|移川子之藏
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Vupuran
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazeh
|Sao
|Tao
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1935
|小川尚義
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Vupuran
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazzehe
|Sao
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1944
|小川尚義
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|Luilang
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Papora
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazeh
|Sao
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1951
|張耀錡
|卡瓦蘭

（Kavalan）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |凱達格蘭

（Ketagalan）
|道卡斯

（Taokas）
|拍瀑拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴布薩

（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
|拍宰海

（Pazeh）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |西拉雅

（Siraya）
|四社熟番

（Taivoan）
|-
|1955
|李亦園
|噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|雷朗

（Luilang）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |凱達格蘭

（Ketagalan）
|道卡斯

（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |貓霧拺

（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |和安雅

（Hoanya）
|巴則海

（Pazeh）
|水沙連
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1970
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |台灣省通志
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |卡瓦蘭

（Kavalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |凱達格蘭

（Ketagalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |道卡斯

（Taokas）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |拍瀑拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴布薩

（Babuza／Poavasa）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅（Hoanya）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴則海

（Pazeh／Pazex）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
|Arikun
|Lloa
|馬卡道
|西拉雅
|四社熟番
|-
|1985-1991
|土田滋
|Kavalan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ketagalan
|Basay
|Kulon
|Taokas
|Papora
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazzahe
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|Makatao
|Siraya
|Taivoan
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1991
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |李壬癸
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |凱達格蘭（Ketagalan）
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |巴布薩（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴則海

（Pazeh）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |邵

（Thao）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
|雷朗（Luilang）
|哆囉美遠

（Trobian）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴賽（Basay）
|道卡斯（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
|貓霧拺（Babuza）
|費佛朗

（Favorlang）
|Makatao
|Siraya
|Taivoan
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1996
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |李壬癸
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |猴猴

（Qauqaut）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |凱達格蘭（Ketagalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |龜崙

（Kulon）
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |巴布蘭（Baburan）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴則海

（Pazeh）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |邵

（Thao）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
|雷朗（Luilang）
|哆囉美遠

（Trobian）
|馬賽（Basay）
|道卡斯（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
|貓霧拺（Babuza）
|費佛朗

（Favorlang）
|馬卡道（Makatao）
|西拉雅（Siraya）
|四社熟番（Taivoan）
|-
|2006-2010
|李壬癸
|噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |巴賽（凱達格蘭）

（Basay (Ketagalan)）
|龜崙

（Kulon）
|道卡斯

（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |貓霧拺（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
|巴宰

（Pazih）
|邵

（Thao）
|馬卡道（Makatao）
|西拉雅（Siraya）
|大武壠（Taivoan）
|}

=== Padetengan no finacadan (主要族群) ===
Ka’amis Taywan Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan

Tayal finacadan

Tayal Mie ngasaw

Kaetip ka’amis sowal finacadan

Saysyak finacadan (’ayaway pisiiked)

Kulon finacadan

Pazih finacadan

Pazih finacadan (palowad to sowal) [24][25]

Kahawu finacadan (palowad to sowal) [26][27][28]

Kaetip dafdafay sowal finacadan

Thao finacadan (’ayaway pisiiked)

Taokas finacadan (palowad to sowal) [29]

Papora finacadan

Babuza finacadan

Favorlang finacadan

Hoanya finacadan

Arikun finacadan

Lloa finacadan

Katimol Taywan Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan

Paiwan sowal finacadan

Paiwan Scaro ngasaw

Bunun sowal finacadan

Bunun finacadan Po ngasaw 

Kawali Taywan Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan 

Ka’amisay sowal finacadan

Kavalan finacadan (ira ho ko sowal) 

Houhou finacadan

Ketagalan finacadan

Luilang finacadan

Pazih finacadan (palowad to sowal)[30]

Trobian finacadan

Linao finacadan 

Kaetip katimolay sowal finacadan

Siraya finacadan (palowad to sowal)

Makatao finacadan

Tajialiyang tamdaw

Fangsuo tamdaw

Langqiao tamdaw

Xiaoliuqiu tamdaw

Taivoan finacadan (palowad to sowal) [7]

=== Ponka (文化) ===
Pa’atayan ngangan (姓氏)

Tadamaan ko pa’atayan ngangan no Pinpu finacadan, nawhani masaPayrangay to, saka palasawad hananay to ko tadapa’atayan ngangan ato pipangangan a rocok no Pinpu finacadan, mialaay to tono Payrangan a pa’atayan, midotoc to mikadadoedoedo no finacadan ato sangasaw a pihamon, adihay to ko nipicamol to no Payrang tamdaw, Ngangay tamdaw, roma naikoran to no kalalood mafolaway a Payrang ira aca ko kasasiroma no pa’atayan ngangan, onini pa’atayan ngangan ato pafelian a mikadadoedoedo no finacadan, malo no Pinpu finacadan no niyah pihamonan ko tadamaanay pidotocan[31].

Pafalian a pa’atayan ngangan: Pan

Roma pa’atayan ngangan: Chen, Liu, Huang, Dai, Lai.

Tadamaan pa’atayan ngangan: Bing, Yue, Bang, Yi, Ji, Yi, Li, Mao, Mao, Tong, Nian, Dong, Yan, Ai, He, Cheng, Mai, Hou, Biao, Hong, Shuang, Jiao, Feng, Shi, Zhang, Zhui, Chu, Nai, Wei, Du, Zhen, Yu, Jie, Zhao, Yong, Hu, Zhen, Xie, Mai, Zhang, Xi, Yong, Yi, Jie, Bei, Liu, Shui, Li, Gang, Kun, Zhuo, Ya, Tuo, Mi, Wu, Xin, Kang, Zhang, Chang, Shuang, Gan, Zhuang.

=== Lisin (祭祀) ===
Itini i ka’oripan to romi’ami’adan ko kaira no lisin no Pinpu finacadan, ano sowalen, patodongan no lisin oya serayan a kinaira ko nito’ongan, o pakayraan no pidemak o nikaira no to’asan a pingodo. Siikeden, malitoloay ko pita’ong no Pinpu finacadan to tato’asan:

Comikayay to’asan lisin, mararid ko itiraay tenokan no Taywan a Pazeh finacadan, Papora finacadan,Taokas finacadan, pangangan no lisin itiyaay a lisin a kacomikayan ko todong, mahaenay a lisin roma matiyaay no kaemangay licekah kakomodan sakaira.

Katimolay Siraya finacadan, Makatao finacadan a to’asan lisin oya koreng ko todong tireng no to’asan a mita’ong, matiniay a pita’ong a lekakawa ato ’okak no to’asan pita’ong. Nika ngataay a Taivoan finacadan caay pita’ong to koreng, caay paso’elin t okaitira no to’asan i koreng, o paso’elinan tato’asan itiraay i kapolongan pita’omngan ko pipasayraan mipacakat to kawas.

Ka’amisan no Taywan a Pinpu finacadan Ketagalan finacadan, Kavalan finacadan ano eca Luilang finacadan, pita’ong to to’asan awaay ko todong kaitiraan a mita’ong.

=== Palowasd to serayan (文化復振) ===
Nawhani masaso’otay to ko kacacofel to Payrang, o lakakawa no Pinpu finacadan, sowal to ko kalaswadan. Aniniay hakasi ato teloc no Pinpu finacadan misa’icelay, mikadkad mikilim to lekakawa ato sowal no niyah. Oya Kavalan finacadan mahamon to no Conghuaminko a sifo, palao cecay no finacadan yincuminco no Taywan, oya Siraya finacadan o nano Taynansi a telekan a cecay finawlan a yincumin, itiraay Kompo no Kalingko a Taivoan finacadan, Makatao finacadan, Siraya finacadan o setekan no kofa a yincuminco, nanay masarocod ko pihayda no takarawan sifo no Conghuaminko a mihaydaan.

O Pinpu yincumin a Ketagalan finacadan, Pazih finacadan, Kahawu finacadan, Makatao finacadan, Hoanya finacadan, Papora finacadan, Taokas finacadan a kasafinacadan, nai 1990 miheca miteka palowad to kacingangan onto no Pinpu, mingitangit pihamon no sifo to sakacingangan to yincuminco a Pinpu finacadan[32].

O congtong ci Tsai Ingwen nai 2016 miheca 8 folad 1 romi’ad yicuminco romi’ad pasiyincuminco a mili’ay, miketon mipangalat kacitodong no lekakawa, o kacingangan no Pinpu finacadan citodong to sakacisalongoc ato sakatadamaan. Tangasa i 2016 miheca 10 folad 7 romi’ad misetek k oSincenyin misalof to kacingangan to yincumin, pa’ayaw fa’elohay pihayda t oPinpu finacadan o “Pinpu yincumin” [33], saan i 2017 miheca 8 folad 17 romi’ad mihayda to nipifalic a lalowadan no rikec[34].

=== Finawlan ato kaliposak (人口與分佈) ===
O todong no Pinpu finacadan no Taywan a pipolong to tamdaw, sa’ayaway manengneng to no Netherland pikowan a pipalita to kika, o pisa’osi salongan 4 tangasa 6 ’ofadan itiya. Oya Makatao finacadan itini i Fongsan faloay niyaro’ mata’elifay ko ’ofadan satata’akay finacadan, saka tosa ’alomanay o itiniay i Tansui cepo’ a Kavalan finacadan[35]. O halafinay pikowan no Mancin mapalaPayrang to, pikowan to no Dipong kinapinapinaay mipalita, salongan i 4 tangasa 6 ’ofadan ko ka’aloman[36].  

I 1915 miheca a pipalitaan pahapinang, o Pinpu finacadan tamdaw o i Akao sakowan (aniniay Takaosi, Pintong sa’etal) ko sa’alomanay, makilatosaay no maecakay Fan finacadan ko tamdaw, saheto o aniniay Makatao ato Taivoan pa’atayan a finawlan. Kadadoedo o Taynan sakowan, Nanto sakowan, Kalingko sakowan, macalap ko 30% Pinpu finacadan tamdaw. Manengneng to itiniay tenokan ka’amisay sa’etal no Taywan, dengan o Yilan, Nanto i, kaitiraan no Pinpu finacadan caay toka’aloman[37].
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1905 miheca
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1915 miheca 
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1920 miheca
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1925 miheca
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1930 miheca
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1935 miheca
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1943 miheca
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |46,432
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |47,676
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |48,894
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |51,009
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |53,947
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |57,812
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |62,119
|}
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Kasasiiked  no sakadademak
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1915  mihecaabn tamdaw no finacadan
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Polong  no finacadan % i Taywan
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; | 
|47,676
|100%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Taypi  sakowan
|884
|1.85%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Yilan  sakowan
|2,240
|4.7%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Taoyin  sakowan
|438
|0.92%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Sinco  sakowan
|1,939
|4.07%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Taycong  sakowan
|589
|1.24%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Nanto  sakowan
|5,338
|11.2%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Ciayi  sakowan
|1,729
|3.63%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Taynan  sakowan
|5,920
|12.54%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Akao  sakowan
|21,697
|45.51%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Posong  sakowan
|2,318
|4.86%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Kalingko  sakowan
|4,584
|9.61%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Penho  sakowan
|0
|0%
|}
Midotoc to no Taisho 14 miheca (1925) ato Showa 10 miheca (1935) a pipalita no kitakit, sakowannay to Pinpu finacadan tamdaw ato %. 1925 mihecaan pipalita no kitakit o “maecakay” sanay ho ko sowal a  pitahidang.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Kasa’etal no pikowan
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1925 mihecaan kapolongan no tamdaw
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1925 maecakay tamdaw
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1925 miheca micalapay tamdaw %
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1935 polong no tamdaw
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1935 Pinpu finacadan tamdaw
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1935 miheca polong tamdaw %
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Polong no Taywan
|3,993,408
|51,009
|1.3%
|5,212,426
|57,812
|1.1%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Taypi sakowan
|814,778
|2,622
|0.3%
|1,024,546
|2,358
|0.2%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Sinco sakowan
|597,576
|2,460
|0.4%
|712,309
|2,551
|0.4%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Taycong sakowan
|865,829
|6,519
|0.8%
|1,162,247
|7,210
|0.6%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Taynan sakowan
|1,029,361
|8,177
|0.8%
|1,332,187
|9,422
|0.7%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Takao sakowan
|584,259
|23,319
|4.0%
|732,819
|26,562
|3.6%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Posong sakowan
|42,671
|2,804
|6.6%
|70,710
|3,700
|5.2%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Kalingko sakowan
|58,934
|5,108
|8.7%
|111,497
|6,009
|5.4%
|}
Midotoc to Showa 10 (1935) mihecaan pipalita no kitakit, saka 1 sakowan ato saka 2 sakowan sa’etal Pinpu finacadan tamdaw ato %. Halo salongan saka 3 sakowan ato saka 4 sakowan kadademakan sa’etal (ano Pinpu finacadan tamdaw ira ko 100 tamdawan ano eca fafaeday no calap 5%):

Ikoray no kalaloodan awaayto ko pitoki sa’osi to Pinpu finacadan tamdaw. Pidotocan ni Lin Xiuche to kacomahad mo tamdaw, itira sa I 2000 mihecaan tamdaw no Pinpu finacadan i 10 ’ofad tangasa 20 ’ofad ko ka’aloman no tamdaw[38].

Midotoc to no Taynansi sakowa (2009[39]), Kompo no Kalingko sakowan (2013[40]), Takaosi (2009[41]), Pintong sakowan (2016[42]) a kasaniyaro’ a sifo kadadoedo mafohat “maecakay (Fan)” ko pipasinalit, tangasa 2018 mihecaan, o kasasikowan no niyaro’ makika to Pinpu finacadan a tamdaw:
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; | 
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Siraya finacadan
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Taivoan finacadan
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Makatao finacadan
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Roma/caayay ka sapinang finacadan
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Polongan
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Taynansi
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |11,830
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |11,830
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Takaosi
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |14,099
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |14,099
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Pintungsien
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1,803
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |205
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |2,008
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Kompo kalingko
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1,000
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1,000
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Polongan
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |12,937
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |129
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1,803
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |14,304
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |28,937
|}

=== Pahapinangan (參見) ===
•Cisingkong

•Daduwangkuo

•Sinkang wenshu

•Pinpu tunting

•Tongfanci

•Alizu

•Taicu (Tato’asan pitooran)

•Kongsie (Yincuminco)

•Wangyi (Silaya finacadan)

•Taivoan dadaya lisin

•Cipisuasiao sacepo’

•Pitouyang patireng to tapang

•Longpen fosingkong

•Touse kongsie

•Payrang no Taywan

•Yincumin no Taywan

•Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan sowal

•Yincuminco no Taywan

•Notimolan kalokanatal a sowalan i Taywan

•Caayay ho kasapinang finawlan no Taywan

•Sakacingangan onto no Pinpu finacadan

•Romi’ad no Yincuminco i Taywan

•Sowal no Pinpu

•Sapala Fan (Pinpu) finacadan

=== Pinengnengan (參考資料) ===
1.東アジア・ミクロネシア古写真資料画像データベース：写真番号　7042. 東京大學総合研究博物館.

2.行政院原住民委員會. [2020-05-21]. （原始內容存檔於2020-05-25）.

3.段洪坤. 《阿立祖信仰研究》. 臺南市政府文化局. 2013年12月. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-986-03-9416-0&lt;/nowiki&gt;.

4.John Thomson. Illustrations of China and its People. 1873.

5.「平埔族」名詞淺說. 原住民族委員會. （原始內容存檔於2016-06-11）.

6.年長的平埔族婦女 Old Pepohoan Women, La-lung, Formosa. 高雄市立美術館. （原始內容存檔於2016-06-04）.

7.臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典. 中華民國教育部. （原始內容存檔於2013-06-21）.

8.詹素娟. 熟番身份論─以日本時期的身份登錄為中心 (PDF). 中央研究院台灣史研究所. 2008. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2016-10-12）.

9.西拉雅族正名案 憲法法庭判原住民身分法違憲3年內應修法 （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館），中央社，2022-10-28

10.鄭景雯. 循著湯姆生腳步 走訪近150年前早期台灣. 中央通訊社. 2020-12-19 [2022-10-11].

中央研究院平埔文化資訊網

11.臺灣原住民族與世界南島語系民族的關係 （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）, 中華民國行政院原住民族委員會

12.李壬癸. 珍惜台灣南島語言. 台灣本鋪：前衛出版. 2010: 159–182. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-957-801-635-4&lt;/nowiki&gt;.

13.李壬癸. 新港文書研究. 中央研究院語言學研究所. 2010: 1–10. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-986-02-3342-1&lt;/nowiki&gt;.

14.胡家瑜. 大武壠平埔的衣飾收藏與刺繡工藝. 高雄市立歷史博物館. 2014: 2–10. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-986-04-1415-8&lt;/nowiki&gt;.

15.Tsuchida Shigeru, Yamada Yukihiro, Moriguchi Tsunekazu. Linguistic Materials of the Formosan Sinicized Populations I: Siraya and Basai. Department of Linguistics, The University of Tokyo: University of Tokyo. 1991: 8, 29.

16.劉益昌、顏廷伃. 臺灣史前史專論. 中央研究院、聯經出版公司. 2015: 258. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-986-04-6324-8&lt;/nowiki&gt;.

17.日光小林. 陳菊，我們也是原住民！小林村大武壠歌舞文化節籲早日正名. Mata Taiwan. 2016-04-12 [2016-06-16]. （原始內容存檔於2016-07-30）.

18凃順從. 《南瀛公廨誌》. 臺南縣文化局. 2002年1月. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 957-01-0250-0&lt;/nowiki&gt;.

19.Tsuchida Shigeru, Yamada Yukihiro, Moriguchi Tsunekazu. Linguistic Materials of the Formosan Sinicized Populations I: Siraya and Basai. Department of Linguistics, The University of Tokyo: University of Tokyo. 1991: 8, 29.

20.Paul Jen-kuei, Li. 珍惜台灣南島語言. Taipei: Avanguard Publishing House. 2010: 139–208. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-957-801-635-4&lt;/nowiki&gt;.

21.臺灣原住民平埔族群百年分類史系列地圖. hqq~青刊社地圖工作室. 2009-08-06 [2018-01-10]. （原始內容存檔於2018-02-11）.

22.林江義. 台東海岸加走灣馬卡道族的研究. Taipei: 國立政治大學民族研究所. 2004.

23.佟振國. 巴宰語不死 83歲嬤自編辭典. 自由時報. 2016年11月6日 [2019年1月17日]. （原始內容存檔於2019年1月17日）.

24.吳象元. 聯合國列為「語言已失傳」？台灣巴宰族回應：致力於復興傳統但有繁衍危機. 關鍵評論網. 2015年9月18日 [2019年1月17日]. （原始內容存檔於2019年1月17日）.

25.噶哈巫語復振. 噶哈巫語全球資訊網. [2019年1月17日].[永久失效連結]

26.原住民族青年陣線. 【認同我們的語言】#齊莉莎老師發言逐字稿 -原住民族青年陣線. 原住民族委員會. 2017年6月22日 [2019年1月17日]. （原始內容存檔於2021年8月16日）.

27.林家鴻. 耆老全力搶救 經費需要支持. 台灣教會公報.

28.劉秋雲. 道卡斯族語復振的困難與展望. 原住民族文獻. 2013年12月, (12期) [2019-02-18]. （原始內容存檔於2019-02-19）.

29.[1] （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）凱達格蘭族文化會議 今年著重巴賽語復振

中部平埔族群青年聯盟. 是不是平埔原住民該看DNA還是手臂那條線？3分鐘懶人包出爐，讓我們立刻尋根去！. Mata Taiwan. 2016年7月29日 [2017年10月1日]. （原始內容存檔於2017年10月1日）.

30.〈數千平埔原住民上街頭 要求正名〉，2009年5月2日

31.〈政院：修正原住民身分法，正名平埔原住民身分 （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）〉，2016年10月7日

32.行政院會通過「原住民身分法」修正草案. [2019-12-25]. （原始內容存檔於2019-12-25）.

33.存档副本. [2020-06-28]. （原始內容存檔於2020-06-29）.

34.原住民族委員會全球資訊網. [2020-05-15]. （原始內容存檔於2020-05-25）.

35.存档副本 (PDF). [2016-05-11]. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2016-10-12）.

36.林修澈，〈平埔族的分佈與人口〉，收於：潘朝成、劉益昌、施正鋒合編，《臺灣平埔族》。臺北：前衛，2003，頁25-41。

37.臺南市各區族群人口統計-西拉雅人口最新登記數據(2009年1月至4月資料). 台南市政府原住民族事務委員會. 2021-04-19 [2021-04-19]. 原始內容存檔於2021-04-19.

38.呼應蔡英文平埔政策！花蓮富里首開「鄉定原民」先例，2年過去卻不滿百人登記是發生啥事呢？. Mata Taiwan. 2016-08-25 [2018-05-29]. （原始內容存檔於2018-11-06）.

39.西拉雅平埔族註記、高市熟男266人.熟女207人. Kaohsiung City Government. 2016-09-13 [2018-05-29]. （原始內容存檔於2018-05-29）.

40.部落大小聲節目 加蚋埔部落錄製平埔議題. TITV. 2017-11-10 [2018-05-29]. （原始內容存檔於2017-12-05）.</text>
      <sha1>g4nyzio332rcpob653i1dic1jy0blds</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>46928</id>
      <parentid>46927</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-07-07T01:30:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Masaonikar</username>
        <id>570</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Pinengnengan (參考資料) */</comment>
      <origin>46928</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="32059" sha1="tiqv80u21v6fh3xbztlwhas0wa10chv" xml:space="preserve">== Pinpu finacadan (平埔族群) ==
Pinpu finacadan, to hatiniay Pinpoco han ko pitahidang, o pisiiked to sapikown to yincumin no Taywan a tahidang koni[2]. O roma a tahidang o Kaosancu; ikor midoedo to mikingkiway, ponkaan, itiya a mafana’ to o ’alomanay a finacadan caay ko cecayay a finacadan sato, anini falican ko pitahidang o Pinpocu fuinacadan hanto. Oya ’alomanay Pinpuco finacadan tangsa anini caay ho haydaen no Conghuaminko sifo o yincuminco caira, dengan oya pakapian i ’Amis finacadan a Kavalan finacadan.

Pinpu finacadan i’ayaw no pikowan no netherland, spain itiya o “Aporicini-アボリジニ” han ko pitahidang; pikowan to no Mancin i, saheto o mapalatamdaway, maecakay finacadan[1], ato Nama no fan, wairudona fan sanay ko pasasi’ayaw[3]:12. Orasaka o Cori sareta, Aporicini-アボリジニ itiraay i “Dafdafay pala” (Pingti caopu), samasa o sowal pangangan o Pingpuah, Pucirin, Pingpufan (Payrang: Pi-poo-hoan; Inkiris Pepohoan[4][5][6]), onini “Pinpu” a sowal todong “Dafdaf” ano eca “enaray” sanay ko todong no sowal[7].

Tangasa to pikowan no Dipong a to’ek “Taywan Fancin demak” a tilidan o yincumin malitosa Kaosancu, Pinpuco[3]:13, kasaniyaro’ a Pinpuco finacadan ona palowaday to pifalic pala “Tongninco” sanay a syakay onto[5][8]. Tangasa no Conghuaminko to’ek a mikowan miteka o rayray no Pinpuco malasawaday to ko finacadan harateng, caay to pala o yincuminco cangra; ikor makerih to ko mikingkiway t ofinacadan no Taywan, onini likisi no Pinpuco miteka a masafaloco’ no syakay, nika o Pinpuco a finacadan ona oya “Pinpuco” koni finacadan, saan to ikor miliyaw a misilsil to kasasiiked masiroma[2][3]:18.

O Saisiyat ato Thao finadan ona nipacomodan i Pinpu a finacadan, nengnengen “Pinpuco”, “mapalatamdaway”, “maecakay finacadan” ato “manta’ finacadan” sanay ko pisiiked, onini o sakanga’ay no papotalay mikowan, caayay pidotoc to no yincuminco i nihamonan no niyah konini pisiiked, saka aniniay a pipangangan no Pinpu ano eca palowad to ngangan a onto. Tangasa 2022 miheca 10 folad 28 romi’ad, ono Conghuaminko kimpo a hoyin saki Silaya finacadan to kacingangan no yincumin a demak i, mihapiw to itiyaay ho “Rikec no kacingangan no yincumin” o caayay ka tatodong i kimpo, patodongen to tolo miheca ko pisalofan, mihayda to no Kaosancu a pisingsi malayincuminco o nano Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no Taywan, midotoc a pakayni sakacingangan nai tatapangan no rikec ko Pinpu finacadan[9].  

=== Likisi (歷史)   ===
O Pinpu a finacadan nai ’ayaw 17 sician katayni no Payrang i Taywan i, malesap nai ka’amis Yilan, Kilong tangasa katimol mililisay to saetip a riyar a dafdaf a sera, itira ira ko kasasiromaan no ponka, sowal, niyaro’ ko pihamon a saniyaro’an no sa’opo.

Pinpu a fuinacadan ka’amis nai Suaw ato Tayal a kasasilaed, katimol nai Fanliaw ato Paiwanfinacadan malalaed, ikor maepec no Payrang o roma i malinah tayra roma a pala, matiya o Hengcun, Puli, Kalingko Posong.

=== Pakayraan no sowal (詞源) ===
“Pinpu” a sowal a padotocan, manga’ay so’edacen nai Cingcao Yongceng pikowan Huangsujin “Taihai sicalu” (ikor no 1742 miheca), onini a tilid masowal ko “kasa Pinpu a saniyaro’” a sowal, ikor nai ci Chen Lunjiong a “Haikuo wencienlu” (1731 miheca) ira masadak ko “Pinpu yincumin” a sowal[3]:13.

Nawhani o ponka no yincumin macacofelay i no Payrang a finacadan, orasaka i ’ayaway no Payrang a rayray no likisi no Taywan masowal ko “Fan” [3]. Nai “Fan” a tilidan, pahecian a sowal a minengneng, “Fan” oya “macengelay” ato “omah” patatekoan, o maomahay a tamdaw sanay ko pitoro’, matiniay ko sa’orip. Nika, itini i romaay finacadan konengneng, “Fan” iraay ko mipelesay, miepecay a sowal[11].

I’ayaw yincumin no Taywan dengan o “niyaro’” ko iraay awaay ko “finacadan” sanay a latrkan[3]:12, orasaka o niyaro’ sato ko pitahidang. Tinako: Tacia kawaliay niyaro’ (tongsya) ato Tacia kaetipay niyaro’ “sisya” maro’ay, sacisowal sato o Tasya a tamdaw. O Pinpu finacadan ano eca Pinpu maecakay finacadan sanay a sowal i matiliday, o sapisiiked toya mangta’ay finacadan ato malafelay finacadan ato lotokay finacadan sanay ko pasasiromaan.

Talacawa nai 18 sician matilid no Mancin o Maecakay a Pinpu sanay ko pitahidang, mika itira i 19 sician mangalef ko nikasowal[4]. Rahodayen ko sowal, i 18 sician matilid o “Pinpu fan”, “Pinpu maecakay fan”, o patoro’ to itiraay i dafdafay no Pintong, dafdafay no Yilan, dafdafay no Posong ato dafdafay no Hengcun a yincumin finacadan. So’elinen ko sowal, o nisowalan no mita anini oya “Pinpu finacadan” tosaay ko pisimed to sasowalen: “Pinpu” ato “Maecakay finacadan”. O cecay a sowal “Pinpu” malifong i kasaniyaro’, oya “maecakay a finacadan” o sowal no mikowanay; nika soelinay, naikoran no Mancin, “Pinpu”, “Maecakay finacadan” itiraay i kasasiroma no finacadan, o mirarakatay a sdowal koni a pitahidang. O pisetek malecaday o pisiiked to sasiroma no sa’etal, tinako itiraay i Hencun, “Maecakay finacadan” snay a pisetek to micamolay to Payrang ato Yincumin, saka “Maecakay finacadan” a niyaro’ han ko pitahidang.  

=== Kasasiiked (分類) ===
Talacowa naira ko tamdawan, kasasiromaroma no tamdaw itiya to masasikihar ko ira ko “sasiiked no rocok”. Nika, kaira no tamdaw ira ko “finacadan” ato “finawlan” ko pisiiked to tamdaw o ikoray to ko nian, mangalef piteka no i’ayaw no 100 miheca picalap no micingcingay ato misatekeday ko pikowanan ho itiya. O Taywan saheto o “masiikeday ko finacadan” saka matiniay ko kamatira no to’ekan mapalowan.  

Ka Dipongan no Taywan o mitakedan a micowat ko pikowan to Taywan itiya, o patodong no pikowan, o pisapinangaw misolap ato sapinang to finacadan ato sera no Taywan, saan micowat misaiked to fanacadan no Taywan ko tayal (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b); tinako oya tayniay nai congko a Minan sa’etal a Ngayngay tamdaw palaPayrangen, ’ayaway nano Ngayngay palaNgayngayen ko pakika.

Miteka, hakasi no Dipong paretatenga oya maro’ay i dafdaf a Pinpu finacadan a yincumin malaPayrang to, dengan to oya “Pinpu finacadan” ano eca “Pinpufan” a nisowalan o pihaop aca, oya nisiikedan a finacadan palao “Takayamacu” patodong. Ikor, o hakasi no Dipong to mamalasawad a ponka no Pinpu finacadan ira to ko masatalolongay a nikafana’an saka, nanoya oya nisowalan a “Pinpu finacadan”, so’elinen halo adihayay kasasiroma no sowal, kasasiroma a ponka no finacadan.

Nikawrira, ’ayaw no 90 no mihecaan, o hakasi sakiPinpu finacadan masasiroma ko pisiiked, ira ko 7 finacadan 14 sangasaw, ira ko 8 finacadan, 9 finacadan, 10 finacadan, 12 finacadan sanay (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b).

Midotoc to aniniay mikingkiway pahecian, saki “Pinpu finacadan”, “Takayamacu” a kasasiiked, caay ko tataparan sanay masasiiked ko finawlan, o nano nai 17 sician ko nisanga’an a likisi, nawhani kasafinacadan a ’orip a sofal ato Palapayrangan a ko saka milafotay to calay. Roma a sowal, o nian “Pinpu finacadan” a kasasiroma no ponka, latek ikaka to cecay no “Pinpucu” ato cecay no “Takasakoco” a kasasiroma, o cecay no “Pinpu finacadan” ato cecay no “Takasako finacadan” latek oya cecayay a finacadan. Tinako sasowalen, nai sowal ato ponka ko pinengneng, samangataay to no ’Amis finacadan a Slaya, Taman ato Makataw finacadan no Taywan a Pinpu finacadan; o sowal ato Saysiyak finacadan mangata to Loylon finacadan no yincuminco.

=== Pakayraan no finacadan (族源) ===
Midoedo to no aniniay nipikingkiw misaheci, pakayraan no Pinpuco a ponka saheto o nai Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no Taywan. Onini a finacadan malesap itini i Taypinyang ato Intoyang, samaraayay manga’ay rapoten koya maraayay to Taywan a Easter Island ato Madagascar.

Dotocen ko kaitiraan, o itiraay i paka’amisay a finacadan no Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan i Taywan ko Pinpu a finacadan. So’elinen o I’ayaway no fa’elohay fokelohan a to’ek ko kaira ano eca talahakel i Taywan ko Pinpu finacadan, o nano mikiriyaray a finacadan. O piwacay no Yincuminco wiyinhuy to yincuminco no Taywan ato Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no hekal a kasakihar i pahapinang to o “nao Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan ko finacadan no Taywan, sakitamdawan ono Malay a tamdawan saka, o paka’amisay no Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan ko Taywan” saan[12].

==== No kaDipongan to’ek a pisilsil (日治時期的分類) ====
Saki Pinpu finacadan a pisilisil, awaay ko masongila’ay a kadadoedo no pisilsil i pikowan no Dipong to Taywan. Itira sa i Netherland a mikowan dengan sa o no kasaniyaro’ a ngangan, oraan sa ko pidoedoan kasasilsil no sa’etal, masa’isal ko pinapina sa’etal no finacadan. Ono i Mancin ni Huang Shujing to “Fansu liukao” a tilid i, malecad to pakayni kasasilsil a palaan misiiked a 13 niyaro’ ko yincumin funacadan.

Tangasa no Dipongan a to’ak, ona Ino Yoshinori, awaya den'nojo a “Taiwan yicumin mondai” (1900) a tilidan itiya to madadoedo ko pisilsil misiiked, ikor to ni Ino Yoshinori a “Taiwan yincumin seici” (1900) a tilidan, itiya masalof ko kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan, kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan ira: Ketagalan, Kavalan, Taokas, Pazih, Papora, Babuza, Arikun, Lloa, Siraya, Makattao 10 finacadan.

Oni Ino Yoshinori a nisiikedan kadadoedo o kacipinangan to pidoedoan, ona Igawa Kazo, Ogawa Tadayoshi, Mabuchi Toichi o pasadakay to kasasiiked siroma no pisilsil (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b). o kalaliyangan ira ko pinapina:

Pakayni to na 2 finacadan Arikun ato Lloa o papalacecayen ko finacadan: o roma a hakasi pasilacecay han koni 2 finacadan, o Hoanya a finacadan han saan. Nika midotoc to no hakasi ca Yung Kayin and Chung Yulan a pisapinang i, paretatenga to Hoanya alatek o nano Folaohua (Fan) a moraraway ko pipasetek. Ono finacadan to inika sasiroma no pihamon, pako niyah sa ko paratatenga.

’Eca ko malecaday to no Ketagalan a finacadan, ano eca padoedoen ho ko pisiiked. Pakayni to sowalan hakasi ca Tsuchida Shigeru aci Lee Inkee paretatenga a nisowalan, oya Ketagalan finacadan salongan malitoloay kasasiroma no sowal saan: Basay, Leilang ato Kulon. Oya Siraiya, Taivoan ato Makattao o masasiromaay ano eca o cecay a finacadan. Tangasa anini o ’alomanay a hakasi a midoedoan tono mikarkaray to notamdawan, sowalan ato lodisan masapinang, patongal no finacadan pihamon to niyah, paretatenga o na toloay ngasaw o masasiromaay caayay kalecad a yincuminco[13][14][15][16][17][18].   

Oni Ikawako no Zang itiniay ni Ino Kasunori saceker mapacomod ko Thao finacadan, o nano Pinpu finacadan ano eca o kaosanco finacadan.

==== Ikoray no kalalood a pisiiked (戰後的分類) ====
Pinapina mihecaan, no hakasi sakiPinpu finacadan a pisiiked, ira to ko fa’elohay a nengneng. No Dipong a hakasi ci Tsuchida Shigeru i 1985 mihecaan misiikedan (nengneng Tsuchida 1985), masiiked ko Pinpu finacadan to 12 finacadan: oya Kavalan, Basay, Ketagalan, Kulon, Taokas, Pazih, Papora, Babuza, Hoanya, Siraya, Makattao, Taivoan a finacadan.

Oni Li Yiyuan misiikedan to Pinpu finacadan masiiked 10 finacadan, oya Kavalan, Kentagalan, Luilang, Taokas, Papora, Babiza, Hoanya, Pazeh, Suisalien(Thau), Siraya finacadan[19]:14.  

Taywan sowalan hakasi ci Li Rengui ira ko masasiromaay a nengneng, nai 1996 miheca “Taywan Pinpu finacadan kasasiiked ato kasasikihar masiiked” a tilid, pasadak to 7 finacadan 14 ko sangasaw a nengneng: Thau, Kavalan, Ketagalan [5], Baburan [6], Pazih, Hoanya, Siraya. Ikor pakayni i sowal fa’elohay kasapinang, I 2006 miheca ato 2010 miheca mihapiw to nitilidan, oya Taivoan ato Makattao nai kaetipay Siraya amasadak[13][14].   

=== Kasamihecaan kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan. (歷年平埔族群分類)[20][21][22][23] ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
| colspan=&quot;19&quot; |'''歷年平埔族群分類'''
|-
|'''年代'''
|'''研究者'''
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; |'''族名'''
|-
|1904
|伊能嘉矩
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Vupuran
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Poavosa
|Arikun
|Lloa
|Pazzehe
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|Makattao
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1930
|移川子之藏
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Vupuran
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazeh
|Sao
|Tao
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1935
|小川尚義
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Vupuran
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazzehe
|Sao
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1944
|小川尚義
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|Luilang
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Papora
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazeh
|Sao
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1951
|張耀錡
|卡瓦蘭

（Kavalan）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |凱達格蘭

（Ketagalan）
|道卡斯

（Taokas）
|拍瀑拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴布薩

（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
|拍宰海

（Pazeh）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |西拉雅

（Siraya）
|四社熟番

（Taivoan）
|-
|1955
|李亦園
|噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|雷朗

（Luilang）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |凱達格蘭

（Ketagalan）
|道卡斯

（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |貓霧拺

（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |和安雅

（Hoanya）
|巴則海

（Pazeh）
|水沙連
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1970
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |台灣省通志
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |卡瓦蘭

（Kavalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |凱達格蘭

（Ketagalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |道卡斯

（Taokas）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |拍瀑拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴布薩

（Babuza／Poavasa）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅（Hoanya）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴則海

（Pazeh／Pazex）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
|Arikun
|Lloa
|馬卡道
|西拉雅
|四社熟番
|-
|1985-1991
|土田滋
|Kavalan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ketagalan
|Basay
|Kulon
|Taokas
|Papora
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazzahe
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|Makatao
|Siraya
|Taivoan
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1991
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |李壬癸
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |凱達格蘭（Ketagalan）
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |巴布薩（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴則海

（Pazeh）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |邵

（Thao）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
|雷朗（Luilang）
|哆囉美遠

（Trobian）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴賽（Basay）
|道卡斯（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
|貓霧拺（Babuza）
|費佛朗

（Favorlang）
|Makatao
|Siraya
|Taivoan
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1996
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |李壬癸
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |猴猴

（Qauqaut）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |凱達格蘭（Ketagalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |龜崙

（Kulon）
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |巴布蘭（Baburan）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴則海

（Pazeh）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |邵

（Thao）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
|雷朗（Luilang）
|哆囉美遠

（Trobian）
|馬賽（Basay）
|道卡斯（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
|貓霧拺（Babuza）
|費佛朗

（Favorlang）
|馬卡道（Makatao）
|西拉雅（Siraya）
|四社熟番（Taivoan）
|-
|2006-2010
|李壬癸
|噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |巴賽（凱達格蘭）

（Basay (Ketagalan)）
|龜崙

（Kulon）
|道卡斯

（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |貓霧拺（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
|巴宰

（Pazih）
|邵

（Thao）
|馬卡道（Makatao）
|西拉雅（Siraya）
|大武壠（Taivoan）
|}

=== Padetengan no finacadan (主要族群) ===
Ka’amis Taywan Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan

Tayal finacadan

Tayal Mie ngasaw

Kaetip ka’amis sowal finacadan

Saysyak finacadan (’ayaway pisiiked)

Kulon finacadan

Pazih finacadan

Pazih finacadan (palowad to sowal) [24][25]

Kahawu finacadan (palowad to sowal) [26][27][28]

Kaetip dafdafay sowal finacadan

Thao finacadan (’ayaway pisiiked)

Taokas finacadan (palowad to sowal) [29]

Papora finacadan

Babuza finacadan

Favorlang finacadan

Hoanya finacadan

Arikun finacadan

Lloa finacadan

Katimol Taywan Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan

Paiwan sowal finacadan

Paiwan Scaro ngasaw

Bunun sowal finacadan

Bunun finacadan Po ngasaw 

Kawali Taywan Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan 

Ka’amisay sowal finacadan

Kavalan finacadan (ira ho ko sowal) 

Houhou finacadan

Ketagalan finacadan

Luilang finacadan

Pazih finacadan (palowad to sowal)[30]

Trobian finacadan

Linao finacadan 

Kaetip katimolay sowal finacadan

Siraya finacadan (palowad to sowal)

Makatao finacadan

Tajialiyang tamdaw

Fangsuo tamdaw

Langqiao tamdaw

Xiaoliuqiu tamdaw

Taivoan finacadan (palowad to sowal) [7]

=== Ponka (文化) ===
Pa’atayan ngangan (姓氏)

Tadamaan ko pa’atayan ngangan no Pinpu finacadan, nawhani masaPayrangay to, saka palasawad hananay to ko tadapa’atayan ngangan ato pipangangan a rocok no Pinpu finacadan, mialaay to tono Payrangan a pa’atayan, midotoc to mikadadoedoedo no finacadan ato sangasaw a pihamon, adihay to ko nipicamol to no Payrang tamdaw, Ngangay tamdaw, roma naikoran to no kalalood mafolaway a Payrang ira aca ko kasasiroma no pa’atayan ngangan, onini pa’atayan ngangan ato pafelian a mikadadoedoedo no finacadan, malo no Pinpu finacadan no niyah pihamonan ko tadamaanay pidotocan[31].

Pafalian a pa’atayan ngangan: Pan

Roma pa’atayan ngangan: Chen, Liu, Huang, Dai, Lai.

Tadamaan pa’atayan ngangan: Bing, Yue, Bang, Yi, Ji, Yi, Li, Mao, Mao, Tong, Nian, Dong, Yan, Ai, He, Cheng, Mai, Hou, Biao, Hong, Shuang, Jiao, Feng, Shi, Zhang, Zhui, Chu, Nai, Wei, Du, Zhen, Yu, Jie, Zhao, Yong, Hu, Zhen, Xie, Mai, Zhang, Xi, Yong, Yi, Jie, Bei, Liu, Shui, Li, Gang, Kun, Zhuo, Ya, Tuo, Mi, Wu, Xin, Kang, Zhang, Chang, Shuang, Gan, Zhuang.

=== Lisin (祭祀) ===
Itini i ka’oripan to romi’ami’adan ko kaira no lisin no Pinpu finacadan, ano sowalen, patodongan no lisin oya serayan a kinaira ko nito’ongan, o pakayraan no pidemak o nikaira no to’asan a pingodo. Siikeden, malitoloay ko pita’ong no Pinpu finacadan to tato’asan:

Comikayay to’asan lisin, mararid ko itiraay tenokan no Taywan a Pazeh finacadan, Papora finacadan,Taokas finacadan, pangangan no lisin itiyaay a lisin a kacomikayan ko todong, mahaenay a lisin roma matiyaay no kaemangay licekah kakomodan sakaira.

Katimolay Siraya finacadan, Makatao finacadan a to’asan lisin oya koreng ko todong tireng no to’asan a mita’ong, matiniay a pita’ong a lekakawa ato ’okak no to’asan pita’ong. Nika ngataay a Taivoan finacadan caay pita’ong to koreng, caay paso’elin t okaitira no to’asan i koreng, o paso’elinan tato’asan itiraay i kapolongan pita’omngan ko pipasayraan mipacakat to kawas.

Ka’amisan no Taywan a Pinpu finacadan Ketagalan finacadan, Kavalan finacadan ano eca Luilang finacadan, pita’ong to to’asan awaay ko todong kaitiraan a mita’ong.

=== Palowasd to serayan (文化復振) ===
Nawhani masaso’otay to ko kacacofel to Payrang, o lakakawa no Pinpu finacadan, sowal to ko kalaswadan. Aniniay hakasi ato teloc no Pinpu finacadan misa’icelay, mikadkad mikilim to lekakawa ato sowal no niyah. Oya Kavalan finacadan mahamon to no Conghuaminko a sifo, palao cecay no finacadan yincuminco no Taywan, oya Siraya finacadan o nano Taynansi a telekan a cecay finawlan a yincumin, itiraay Kompo no Kalingko a Taivoan finacadan, Makatao finacadan, Siraya finacadan o setekan no kofa a yincuminco, nanay masarocod ko pihayda no takarawan sifo no Conghuaminko a mihaydaan.

O Pinpu yincumin a Ketagalan finacadan, Pazih finacadan, Kahawu finacadan, Makatao finacadan, Hoanya finacadan, Papora finacadan, Taokas finacadan a kasafinacadan, nai 1990 miheca miteka palowad to kacingangan onto no Pinpu, mingitangit pihamon no sifo to sakacingangan to yincuminco a Pinpu finacadan[32].

O congtong ci Tsai Ingwen nai 2016 miheca 8 folad 1 romi’ad yicuminco romi’ad pasiyincuminco a mili’ay, miketon mipangalat kacitodong no lekakawa, o kacingangan no Pinpu finacadan citodong to sakacisalongoc ato sakatadamaan. Tangasa i 2016 miheca 10 folad 7 romi’ad misetek k oSincenyin misalof to kacingangan to yincumin, pa’ayaw fa’elohay pihayda t oPinpu finacadan o “Pinpu yincumin” [33], saan i 2017 miheca 8 folad 17 romi’ad mihayda to nipifalic a lalowadan no rikec[34].

=== Finawlan ato kaliposak (人口與分佈) ===
O todong no Pinpu finacadan no Taywan a pipolong to tamdaw, sa’ayaway manengneng to no Netherland pikowan a pipalita to kika, o pisa’osi salongan 4 tangasa 6 ’ofadan itiya. Oya Makatao finacadan itini i Fongsan faloay niyaro’ mata’elifay ko ’ofadan satata’akay finacadan, saka tosa ’alomanay o itiniay i Tansui cepo’ a Kavalan finacadan[35]. O halafinay pikowan no Mancin mapalaPayrang to, pikowan to no Dipong kinapinapinaay mipalita, salongan i 4 tangasa 6 ’ofadan ko ka’aloman[36].  

I 1915 miheca a pipalitaan pahapinang, o Pinpu finacadan tamdaw o i Akao sakowan (aniniay Takaosi, Pintong sa’etal) ko sa’alomanay, makilatosaay no maecakay Fan finacadan ko tamdaw, saheto o aniniay Makatao ato Taivoan pa’atayan a finawlan. Kadadoedo o Taynan sakowan, Nanto sakowan, Kalingko sakowan, macalap ko 30% Pinpu finacadan tamdaw. Manengneng to itiniay tenokan ka’amisay sa’etal no Taywan, dengan o Yilan, Nanto i, kaitiraan no Pinpu finacadan caay toka’aloman[37].
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1905 miheca
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1915 miheca 
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1920 miheca
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1925 miheca
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1930 miheca
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1935 miheca
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1943 miheca
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |46,432
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |47,676
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |48,894
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |51,009
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |53,947
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |57,812
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |62,119
|}
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Kasasiiked  no sakadademak
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1915  mihecaabn tamdaw no finacadan
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Polong  no finacadan % i Taywan
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; | 
|47,676
|100%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Taypi  sakowan
|884
|1.85%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Yilan  sakowan
|2,240
|4.7%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Taoyin  sakowan
|438
|0.92%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Sinco  sakowan
|1,939
|4.07%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Taycong  sakowan
|589
|1.24%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Nanto  sakowan
|5,338
|11.2%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Ciayi  sakowan
|1,729
|3.63%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Taynan  sakowan
|5,920
|12.54%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Akao  sakowan
|21,697
|45.51%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Posong  sakowan
|2,318
|4.86%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Kalingko  sakowan
|4,584
|9.61%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Penho  sakowan
|0
|0%
|}
Midotoc to no Taisho 14 miheca (1925) ato Showa 10 miheca (1935) a pipalita no kitakit, sakowannay to Pinpu finacadan tamdaw ato %. 1925 mihecaan pipalita no kitakit o “maecakay” sanay ho ko sowal a  pitahidang.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Kasa’etal no pikowan
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1925 mihecaan kapolongan no tamdaw
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1925 maecakay tamdaw
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1925 miheca micalapay tamdaw %
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1935 polong no tamdaw
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1935 Pinpu finacadan tamdaw
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1935 miheca polong tamdaw %
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Polong no Taywan
|3,993,408
|51,009
|1.3%
|5,212,426
|57,812
|1.1%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Taypi sakowan
|814,778
|2,622
|0.3%
|1,024,546
|2,358
|0.2%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Sinco sakowan
|597,576
|2,460
|0.4%
|712,309
|2,551
|0.4%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Taycong sakowan
|865,829
|6,519
|0.8%
|1,162,247
|7,210
|0.6%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Taynan sakowan
|1,029,361
|8,177
|0.8%
|1,332,187
|9,422
|0.7%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Takao sakowan
|584,259
|23,319
|4.0%
|732,819
|26,562
|3.6%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Posong sakowan
|42,671
|2,804
|6.6%
|70,710
|3,700
|5.2%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Kalingko sakowan
|58,934
|5,108
|8.7%
|111,497
|6,009
|5.4%
|}
Midotoc to Showa 10 (1935) mihecaan pipalita no kitakit, saka 1 sakowan ato saka 2 sakowan sa’etal Pinpu finacadan tamdaw ato %. Halo salongan saka 3 sakowan ato saka 4 sakowan kadademakan sa’etal (ano Pinpu finacadan tamdaw ira ko 100 tamdawan ano eca fafaeday no calap 5%):

Ikoray no kalaloodan awaayto ko pitoki sa’osi to Pinpu finacadan tamdaw. Pidotocan ni Lin Xiuche to kacomahad mo tamdaw, itira sa I 2000 mihecaan tamdaw no Pinpu finacadan i 10 ’ofad tangasa 20 ’ofad ko ka’aloman no tamdaw[38].

Midotoc to no Taynansi sakowa (2009[39]), Kompo no Kalingko sakowan (2013[40]), Takaosi (2009[41]), Pintong sakowan (2016[42]) a kasaniyaro’ a sifo kadadoedo mafohat “maecakay (Fan)” ko pipasinalit, tangasa 2018 mihecaan, o kasasikowan no niyaro’ makika to Pinpu finacadan a tamdaw:
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; | 
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Siraya finacadan
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Taivoan finacadan
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Makatao finacadan
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Roma/caayay ka sapinang finacadan
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Polongan
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Taynansi
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |11,830
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |11,830
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Takaosi
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |14,099
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |14,099
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Pintungsien
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1,803
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |205
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |2,008
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Kompo kalingko
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1,000
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1,000
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Polongan
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |12,937
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |129
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1,803
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |14,304
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |28,937
|}

=== Pahapinangan (參見) ===
•Cisingkong

•Daduwangkuo

•Sinkang wenshu

•Pinpu tunting

•Tongfanci

•Alizu

•Taicu (Tato’asan pitooran)

•Kongsie (Yincuminco)

•Wangyi (Silaya finacadan)

•Taivoan dadaya lisin

•Cipisuasiao sacepo’

•Pitouyang patireng to tapang

•Longpen fosingkong

•Touse kongsie

•Payrang no Taywan

•Yincumin no Taywan

•Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan sowal

•Yincuminco no Taywan

•Notimolan kalokanatal a sowalan i Taywan

•Caayay ho kasapinang finawlan no Taywan

•Sakacingangan onto no Pinpu finacadan

•Romi’ad no Yincuminco i Taywan

•Sowal no Pinpu

•Sapala Fan (Pinpu) finacadan

=== Pinengnengan (參考資料) ===
1.東アジア・ミクロネシア古写真資料画像データベース：写真番号　7042. 東京大學総合研究博物館.

2.行政院原住民委員會. [2020-05-21]. （原始內容存檔於2020-05-25）.

3.段洪坤. 《阿立祖信仰研究》. 臺南市政府文化局. 2013年12月. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-986-03-9416-0&lt;/nowiki&gt;.

4.John Thomson. Illustrations of China and its People. 1873.

5.「平埔族」名詞淺說. 原住民族委員會. （原始內容存檔於2016-06-11）.

6.年長的平埔族婦女 Old Pepohoan Women, La-lung, Formosa. 高雄市立美術館. （原始內容存檔於2016-06-04）.

7.臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典. 中華民國教育部. （原始內容存檔於2013-06-21）.

8.詹素娟. 熟番身份論─以日本時期的身份登錄為中心 (PDF). 中央研究院台灣史研究所. 2008. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2016-10-12）.

9.西拉雅族正名案 憲法法庭判原住民身分法違憲3年內應修法 （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館），中央社，2022-10-28

10.鄭景雯. 循著湯姆生腳步 走訪近150年前早期台灣. 中央通訊社. 2020-12-19 [2022-10-11].

中央研究院平埔文化資訊網

11.臺灣原住民族與世界南島語系民族的關係 （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）, 中華民國行政院原住民族委員會

12.李壬癸. 珍惜台灣南島語言. 台灣本鋪：前衛出版. 2010: 159–182. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-957-801-635-4&lt;/nowiki&gt;.

13.李壬癸. 新港文書研究. 中央研究院語言學研究所. 2010: 1–10. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-986-02-3342-1&lt;/nowiki&gt;.

14.胡家瑜. 大武壠平埔的衣飾收藏與刺繡工藝. 高雄市立歷史博物館. 2014: 2–10. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-986-04-1415-8&lt;/nowiki&gt;.

15.Tsuchida Shigeru, Yamada Yukihiro, Moriguchi Tsunekazu. Linguistic Materials of the Formosan Sinicized Populations I: Siraya and Basai. Department of Linguistics, The University of Tokyo: University of Tokyo. 1991: 8, 29.

16.劉益昌、顏廷伃. 臺灣史前史專論. 中央研究院、聯經出版公司. 2015: 258. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-986-04-6324-8&lt;/nowiki&gt;.

17.日光小林. 陳菊，我們也是原住民！小林村大武壠歌舞文化節籲早日正名. Mata Taiwan. 2016-04-12 [2016-06-16]. （原始內容存檔於2016-07-30）.

18凃順從. 《南瀛公廨誌》. 臺南縣文化局. 2002年1月. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 957-01-0250-0&lt;/nowiki&gt;.

19.Tsuchida Shigeru, Yamada Yukihiro, Moriguchi Tsunekazu. Linguistic Materials of the Formosan Sinicized Populations I: Siraya and Basai. Department of Linguistics, The University of Tokyo: University of Tokyo. 1991: 8, 29.

20.Paul Jen-kuei, Li. 珍惜台灣南島語言. Taipei: Avanguard Publishing House. 2010: 139–208. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-957-801-635-4&lt;/nowiki&gt;.

21.臺灣原住民平埔族群百年分類史系列地圖. hqq~青刊社地圖工作室. 2009-08-06 [2018-01-10]. （原始內容存檔於2018-02-11）.

22.林江義. 台東海岸加走灣馬卡道族的研究. Taipei: 國立政治大學民族研究所. 2004.

23.佟振國. 巴宰語不死 83歲嬤自編辭典. 自由時報. 2016年11月6日 [2019年1月17日]. （原始內容存檔於2019年1月17日）.

24.吳象元. 聯合國列為「語言已失傳」？台灣巴宰族回應：致力於復興傳統但有繁衍危機. 關鍵評論網. 2015年9月18日 [2019年1月17日]. （原始內容存檔於2019年1月17日）.

25.噶哈巫語復振. 噶哈巫語全球資訊網. [2019年1月17日].[永久失效連結]

26.原住民族青年陣線. 【認同我們的語言】#齊莉莎老師發言逐字稿 -原住民族青年陣線. 原住民族委員會. 2017年6月22日 [2019年1月17日]. （原始內容存檔於2021年8月16日）.

27.林家鴻. 耆老全力搶救 經費需要支持. 台灣教會公報.

28.劉秋雲. 道卡斯族語復振的困難與展望. 原住民族文獻. 2013年12月, (12期) [2019-02-18]. （原始內容存檔於2019-02-19）.

29.[1] （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）凱達格蘭族文化會議 今年著重巴賽語復振

中部平埔族群青年聯盟. 是不是平埔原住民該看DNA還是手臂那條線？3分鐘懶人包出爐，讓我們立刻尋根去！. Mata Taiwan. 2016年7月29日 [2017年10月1日]. （原始內容存檔於2017年10月1日）.

30.〈數千平埔原住民上街頭 要求正名〉，2009年5月2日

31.〈政院：修正原住民身分法，正名平埔原住民身分 （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）〉，2016年10月7日

32.行政院會通過「原住民身分法」修正草案. [2019-12-25]. （原始內容存檔於2019-12-25）.

33.存档副本. [2020-06-28]. （原始內容存檔於2020-06-29）.

34.原住民族委員會全球資訊網. [2020-05-15]. （原始內容存檔於2020-05-25）.

35.存档副本 (PDF). [2016-05-11]. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2016-10-12）.

36.林修澈，〈平埔族的分佈與人口〉，收於：潘朝成、劉益昌、施正鋒合編，《臺灣平埔族》。臺北：前衛，2003，頁25-41。

37.臺南市各區族群人口統計-西拉雅人口最新登記數據(2009年1月至4月資料). 台南市政府原住民族事務委員會. 2021-04-19 [2021-04-19]. 原始內容存檔於2021-04-19.

38.呼應蔡英文平埔政策！花蓮富里首開「鄉定原民」先例，2年過去卻不滿百人登記是發生啥事呢？. Mata Taiwan. 2016-08-25 [2018-05-29]. （原始內容存檔於2018-11-06）.

39.西拉雅平埔族註記、高市熟男266人.熟女207人. Kaohsiung City Government. 2016-09-13 [2018-05-29]. （原始內容存檔於2018-05-29）.

40.部落大小聲節目 加蚋埔部落錄製平埔議題. TITV. 2017-11-10 [2018-05-29]. （原始內容存檔於2017-12-05）.

=== Pacefadan (註釋) ===</text>
      <sha1>tiqv80u21v6fh3xbztlwhas0wa10chv</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>46929</id>
      <parentid>46928</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-07-07T01:30:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Masaonikar</username>
        <id>570</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Pacefadan (註釋) */</comment>
      <origin>46929</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="32977" sha1="gwxtz6uiztzmas00cjzihbpmeg3l8dd" xml:space="preserve">== Pinpu finacadan (平埔族群) ==
Pinpu finacadan, to hatiniay Pinpoco han ko pitahidang, o pisiiked to sapikown to yincumin no Taywan a tahidang koni[2]. O roma a tahidang o Kaosancu; ikor midoedo to mikingkiway, ponkaan, itiya a mafana’ to o ’alomanay a finacadan caay ko cecayay a finacadan sato, anini falican ko pitahidang o Pinpocu fuinacadan hanto. Oya ’alomanay Pinpuco finacadan tangsa anini caay ho haydaen no Conghuaminko sifo o yincuminco caira, dengan oya pakapian i ’Amis finacadan a Kavalan finacadan.

Pinpu finacadan i’ayaw no pikowan no netherland, spain itiya o “Aporicini-アボリジニ” han ko pitahidang; pikowan to no Mancin i, saheto o mapalatamdaway, maecakay finacadan[1], ato Nama no fan, wairudona fan sanay ko pasasi’ayaw[3]:12. Orasaka o Cori sareta, Aporicini-アボリジニ itiraay i “Dafdafay pala” (Pingti caopu), samasa o sowal pangangan o Pingpuah, Pucirin, Pingpufan (Payrang: Pi-poo-hoan; Inkiris Pepohoan[4][5][6]), onini “Pinpu” a sowal todong “Dafdaf” ano eca “enaray” sanay ko todong no sowal[7].

Tangasa to pikowan no Dipong a to’ek “Taywan Fancin demak” a tilidan o yincumin malitosa Kaosancu, Pinpuco[3]:13, kasaniyaro’ a Pinpuco finacadan ona palowaday to pifalic pala “Tongninco” sanay a syakay onto[5][8]. Tangasa no Conghuaminko to’ek a mikowan miteka o rayray no Pinpuco malasawaday to ko finacadan harateng, caay to pala o yincuminco cangra; ikor makerih to ko mikingkiway t ofinacadan no Taywan, onini likisi no Pinpuco miteka a masafaloco’ no syakay, nika o Pinpuco a finacadan ona oya “Pinpuco” koni finacadan, saan to ikor miliyaw a misilsil to kasasiiked masiroma[2][3]:18.

O Saisiyat ato Thao finadan ona nipacomodan i Pinpu a finacadan, nengnengen “Pinpuco”, “mapalatamdaway”, “maecakay finacadan” ato “manta’ finacadan” sanay ko pisiiked, onini o sakanga’ay no papotalay mikowan, caayay pidotoc to no yincuminco i nihamonan no niyah konini pisiiked, saka aniniay a pipangangan no Pinpu ano eca palowad to ngangan a onto. Tangasa 2022 miheca 10 folad 28 romi’ad, ono Conghuaminko kimpo a hoyin saki Silaya finacadan to kacingangan no yincumin a demak i, mihapiw to itiyaay ho “Rikec no kacingangan no yincumin” o caayay ka tatodong i kimpo, patodongen to tolo miheca ko pisalofan, mihayda to no Kaosancu a pisingsi malayincuminco o nano Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no Taywan, midotoc a pakayni sakacingangan nai tatapangan no rikec ko Pinpu finacadan[9].  

=== Likisi (歷史)   ===
O Pinpu a finacadan nai ’ayaw 17 sician katayni no Payrang i Taywan i, malesap nai ka’amis Yilan, Kilong tangasa katimol mililisay to saetip a riyar a dafdaf a sera, itira ira ko kasasiromaan no ponka, sowal, niyaro’ ko pihamon a saniyaro’an no sa’opo.

Pinpu a fuinacadan ka’amis nai Suaw ato Tayal a kasasilaed, katimol nai Fanliaw ato Paiwanfinacadan malalaed, ikor maepec no Payrang o roma i malinah tayra roma a pala, matiya o Hengcun, Puli, Kalingko Posong.

=== Pakayraan no sowal (詞源) ===
“Pinpu” a sowal a padotocan, manga’ay so’edacen nai Cingcao Yongceng pikowan Huangsujin “Taihai sicalu” (ikor no 1742 miheca), onini a tilid masowal ko “kasa Pinpu a saniyaro’” a sowal, ikor nai ci Chen Lunjiong a “Haikuo wencienlu” (1731 miheca) ira masadak ko “Pinpu yincumin” a sowal[3]:13.

Nawhani o ponka no yincumin macacofelay i no Payrang a finacadan, orasaka i ’ayaway no Payrang a rayray no likisi no Taywan masowal ko “Fan” [3]. Nai “Fan” a tilidan, pahecian a sowal a minengneng, “Fan” oya “macengelay” ato “omah” patatekoan, o maomahay a tamdaw sanay ko pitoro’, matiniay ko sa’orip. Nika, itini i romaay finacadan konengneng, “Fan” iraay ko mipelesay, miepecay a sowal[11].

I’ayaw yincumin no Taywan dengan o “niyaro’” ko iraay awaay ko “finacadan” sanay a latrkan[3]:12, orasaka o niyaro’ sato ko pitahidang. Tinako: Tacia kawaliay niyaro’ (tongsya) ato Tacia kaetipay niyaro’ “sisya” maro’ay, sacisowal sato o Tasya a tamdaw. O Pinpu finacadan ano eca Pinpu maecakay finacadan sanay a sowal i matiliday, o sapisiiked toya mangta’ay finacadan ato malafelay finacadan ato lotokay finacadan sanay ko pasasiromaan.

Talacawa nai 18 sician matilid no Mancin o Maecakay a Pinpu sanay ko pitahidang, mika itira i 19 sician mangalef ko nikasowal[4]. Rahodayen ko sowal, i 18 sician matilid o “Pinpu fan”, “Pinpu maecakay fan”, o patoro’ to itiraay i dafdafay no Pintong, dafdafay no Yilan, dafdafay no Posong ato dafdafay no Hengcun a yincumin finacadan. So’elinen ko sowal, o nisowalan no mita anini oya “Pinpu finacadan” tosaay ko pisimed to sasowalen: “Pinpu” ato “Maecakay finacadan”. O cecay a sowal “Pinpu” malifong i kasaniyaro’, oya “maecakay a finacadan” o sowal no mikowanay; nika soelinay, naikoran no Mancin, “Pinpu”, “Maecakay finacadan” itiraay i kasasiroma no finacadan, o mirarakatay a sdowal koni a pitahidang. O pisetek malecaday o pisiiked to sasiroma no sa’etal, tinako itiraay i Hencun, “Maecakay finacadan” snay a pisetek to micamolay to Payrang ato Yincumin, saka “Maecakay finacadan” a niyaro’ han ko pitahidang.  

=== Kasasiiked (分類) ===
Talacowa naira ko tamdawan, kasasiromaroma no tamdaw itiya to masasikihar ko ira ko “sasiiked no rocok”. Nika, kaira no tamdaw ira ko “finacadan” ato “finawlan” ko pisiiked to tamdaw o ikoray to ko nian, mangalef piteka no i’ayaw no 100 miheca picalap no micingcingay ato misatekeday ko pikowanan ho itiya. O Taywan saheto o “masiikeday ko finacadan” saka matiniay ko kamatira no to’ekan mapalowan.  

Ka Dipongan no Taywan o mitakedan a micowat ko pikowan to Taywan itiya, o patodong no pikowan, o pisapinangaw misolap ato sapinang to finacadan ato sera no Taywan, saan micowat misaiked to fanacadan no Taywan ko tayal (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b); tinako oya tayniay nai congko a Minan sa’etal a Ngayngay tamdaw palaPayrangen, ’ayaway nano Ngayngay palaNgayngayen ko pakika.

Miteka, hakasi no Dipong paretatenga oya maro’ay i dafdaf a Pinpu finacadan a yincumin malaPayrang to, dengan to oya “Pinpu finacadan” ano eca “Pinpufan” a nisowalan o pihaop aca, oya nisiikedan a finacadan palao “Takayamacu” patodong. Ikor, o hakasi no Dipong to mamalasawad a ponka no Pinpu finacadan ira to ko masatalolongay a nikafana’an saka, nanoya oya nisowalan a “Pinpu finacadan”, so’elinen halo adihayay kasasiroma no sowal, kasasiroma a ponka no finacadan.

Nikawrira, ’ayaw no 90 no mihecaan, o hakasi sakiPinpu finacadan masasiroma ko pisiiked, ira ko 7 finacadan 14 sangasaw, ira ko 8 finacadan, 9 finacadan, 10 finacadan, 12 finacadan sanay (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b).

Midotoc to aniniay mikingkiway pahecian, saki “Pinpu finacadan”, “Takayamacu” a kasasiiked, caay ko tataparan sanay masasiiked ko finawlan, o nano nai 17 sician ko nisanga’an a likisi, nawhani kasafinacadan a ’orip a sofal ato Palapayrangan a ko saka milafotay to calay. Roma a sowal, o nian “Pinpu finacadan” a kasasiroma no ponka, latek ikaka to cecay no “Pinpucu” ato cecay no “Takasakoco” a kasasiroma, o cecay no “Pinpu finacadan” ato cecay no “Takasako finacadan” latek oya cecayay a finacadan. Tinako sasowalen, nai sowal ato ponka ko pinengneng, samangataay to no ’Amis finacadan a Slaya, Taman ato Makataw finacadan no Taywan a Pinpu finacadan; o sowal ato Saysiyak finacadan mangata to Loylon finacadan no yincuminco.

=== Pakayraan no finacadan (族源) ===
Midoedo to no aniniay nipikingkiw misaheci, pakayraan no Pinpuco a ponka saheto o nai Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no Taywan. Onini a finacadan malesap itini i Taypinyang ato Intoyang, samaraayay manga’ay rapoten koya maraayay to Taywan a Easter Island ato Madagascar.

Dotocen ko kaitiraan, o itiraay i paka’amisay a finacadan no Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan i Taywan ko Pinpu a finacadan. So’elinen o I’ayaway no fa’elohay fokelohan a to’ek ko kaira ano eca talahakel i Taywan ko Pinpu finacadan, o nano mikiriyaray a finacadan. O piwacay no Yincuminco wiyinhuy to yincuminco no Taywan ato Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no hekal a kasakihar i pahapinang to o “nao Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan ko finacadan no Taywan, sakitamdawan ono Malay a tamdawan saka, o paka’amisay no Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan ko Taywan” saan[12].

==== No kaDipongan to’ek a pisilsil (日治時期的分類) ====
Saki Pinpu finacadan a pisilisil, awaay ko masongila’ay a kadadoedo no pisilsil i pikowan no Dipong to Taywan. Itira sa i Netherland a mikowan dengan sa o no kasaniyaro’ a ngangan, oraan sa ko pidoedoan kasasilsil no sa’etal, masa’isal ko pinapina sa’etal no finacadan. Ono i Mancin ni Huang Shujing to “Fansu liukao” a tilid i, malecad to pakayni kasasilsil a palaan misiiked a 13 niyaro’ ko yincumin funacadan.

Tangasa no Dipongan a to’ak, ona Ino Yoshinori, awaya den'nojo a “Taiwan yicumin mondai” (1900) a tilidan itiya to madadoedo ko pisilsil misiiked, ikor to ni Ino Yoshinori a “Taiwan yincumin seici” (1900) a tilidan, itiya masalof ko kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan, kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan ira: Ketagalan, Kavalan, Taokas, Pazih, Papora, Babuza, Arikun, Lloa, Siraya, Makattao 10 finacadan.

Oni Ino Yoshinori a nisiikedan kadadoedo o kacipinangan to pidoedoan, ona Igawa Kazo, Ogawa Tadayoshi, Mabuchi Toichi o pasadakay to kasasiiked siroma no pisilsil (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b). o kalaliyangan ira ko pinapina:

Pakayni to na 2 finacadan Arikun ato Lloa o papalacecayen ko finacadan: o roma a hakasi pasilacecay han koni 2 finacadan, o Hoanya a finacadan han saan. Nika midotoc to no hakasi ca Yung Kayin and Chung Yulan a pisapinang i, paretatenga to Hoanya alatek o nano Folaohua (Fan) a moraraway ko pipasetek. Ono finacadan to inika sasiroma no pihamon, pako niyah sa ko paratatenga.

’Eca ko malecaday to no Ketagalan a finacadan, ano eca padoedoen ho ko pisiiked. Pakayni to sowalan hakasi ca Tsuchida Shigeru aci Lee Inkee paretatenga a nisowalan, oya Ketagalan finacadan salongan malitoloay kasasiroma no sowal saan: Basay, Leilang ato Kulon. Oya Siraiya, Taivoan ato Makattao o masasiromaay ano eca o cecay a finacadan. Tangasa anini o ’alomanay a hakasi a midoedoan tono mikarkaray to notamdawan, sowalan ato lodisan masapinang, patongal no finacadan pihamon to niyah, paretatenga o na toloay ngasaw o masasiromaay caayay kalecad a yincuminco[13][14][15][16][17][18].   

Oni Ikawako no Zang itiniay ni Ino Kasunori saceker mapacomod ko Thao finacadan, o nano Pinpu finacadan ano eca o kaosanco finacadan.

==== Ikoray no kalalood a pisiiked (戰後的分類) ====
Pinapina mihecaan, no hakasi sakiPinpu finacadan a pisiiked, ira to ko fa’elohay a nengneng. No Dipong a hakasi ci Tsuchida Shigeru i 1985 mihecaan misiikedan (nengneng Tsuchida 1985), masiiked ko Pinpu finacadan to 12 finacadan: oya Kavalan, Basay, Ketagalan, Kulon, Taokas, Pazih, Papora, Babuza, Hoanya, Siraya, Makattao, Taivoan a finacadan.

Oni Li Yiyuan misiikedan to Pinpu finacadan masiiked 10 finacadan, oya Kavalan, Kentagalan, Luilang, Taokas, Papora, Babiza, Hoanya, Pazeh, Suisalien(Thau), Siraya finacadan[19]:14.  

Taywan sowalan hakasi ci Li Rengui ira ko masasiromaay a nengneng, nai 1996 miheca “Taywan Pinpu finacadan kasasiiked ato kasasikihar masiiked” a tilid, pasadak to 7 finacadan 14 ko sangasaw a nengneng: Thau, Kavalan, Ketagalan [5], Baburan [6], Pazih, Hoanya, Siraya. Ikor pakayni i sowal fa’elohay kasapinang, I 2006 miheca ato 2010 miheca mihapiw to nitilidan, oya Taivoan ato Makattao nai kaetipay Siraya amasadak[13][14].   

=== Kasamihecaan kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan. (歷年平埔族群分類)[20][21][22][23] ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
| colspan=&quot;19&quot; |'''歷年平埔族群分類'''
|-
|'''年代'''
|'''研究者'''
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; |'''族名'''
|-
|1904
|伊能嘉矩
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Vupuran
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Poavosa
|Arikun
|Lloa
|Pazzehe
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|Makattao
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1930
|移川子之藏
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Vupuran
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazeh
|Sao
|Tao
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1935
|小川尚義
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Vupuran
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazzehe
|Sao
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1944
|小川尚義
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|Luilang
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Papora
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazeh
|Sao
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1951
|張耀錡
|卡瓦蘭

（Kavalan）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |凱達格蘭

（Ketagalan）
|道卡斯

（Taokas）
|拍瀑拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴布薩

（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
|拍宰海

（Pazeh）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |西拉雅

（Siraya）
|四社熟番

（Taivoan）
|-
|1955
|李亦園
|噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|雷朗

（Luilang）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |凱達格蘭

（Ketagalan）
|道卡斯

（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |貓霧拺

（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |和安雅

（Hoanya）
|巴則海

（Pazeh）
|水沙連
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1970
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |台灣省通志
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |卡瓦蘭

（Kavalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |凱達格蘭

（Ketagalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |道卡斯

（Taokas）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |拍瀑拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴布薩

（Babuza／Poavasa）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅（Hoanya）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴則海

（Pazeh／Pazex）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
|Arikun
|Lloa
|馬卡道
|西拉雅
|四社熟番
|-
|1985-1991
|土田滋
|Kavalan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ketagalan
|Basay
|Kulon
|Taokas
|Papora
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazzahe
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|Makatao
|Siraya
|Taivoan
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1991
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |李壬癸
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |凱達格蘭（Ketagalan）
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |巴布薩（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴則海

（Pazeh）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |邵

（Thao）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
|雷朗（Luilang）
|哆囉美遠

（Trobian）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴賽（Basay）
|道卡斯（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
|貓霧拺（Babuza）
|費佛朗

（Favorlang）
|Makatao
|Siraya
|Taivoan
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1996
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |李壬癸
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |猴猴

（Qauqaut）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |凱達格蘭（Ketagalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |龜崙

（Kulon）
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |巴布蘭（Baburan）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴則海

（Pazeh）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |邵

（Thao）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
|雷朗（Luilang）
|哆囉美遠

（Trobian）
|馬賽（Basay）
|道卡斯（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
|貓霧拺（Babuza）
|費佛朗

（Favorlang）
|馬卡道（Makatao）
|西拉雅（Siraya）
|四社熟番（Taivoan）
|-
|2006-2010
|李壬癸
|噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |巴賽（凱達格蘭）

（Basay (Ketagalan)）
|龜崙

（Kulon）
|道卡斯

（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |貓霧拺（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
|巴宰

（Pazih）
|邵

（Thao）
|馬卡道（Makatao）
|西拉雅（Siraya）
|大武壠（Taivoan）
|}

=== Padetengan no finacadan (主要族群) ===
Ka’amis Taywan Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan

Tayal finacadan

Tayal Mie ngasaw

Kaetip ka’amis sowal finacadan

Saysyak finacadan (’ayaway pisiiked)

Kulon finacadan

Pazih finacadan

Pazih finacadan (palowad to sowal) [24][25]

Kahawu finacadan (palowad to sowal) [26][27][28]

Kaetip dafdafay sowal finacadan

Thao finacadan (’ayaway pisiiked)

Taokas finacadan (palowad to sowal) [29]

Papora finacadan

Babuza finacadan

Favorlang finacadan

Hoanya finacadan

Arikun finacadan

Lloa finacadan

Katimol Taywan Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan

Paiwan sowal finacadan

Paiwan Scaro ngasaw

Bunun sowal finacadan

Bunun finacadan Po ngasaw 

Kawali Taywan Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan 

Ka’amisay sowal finacadan

Kavalan finacadan (ira ho ko sowal) 

Houhou finacadan

Ketagalan finacadan

Luilang finacadan

Pazih finacadan (palowad to sowal)[30]

Trobian finacadan

Linao finacadan 

Kaetip katimolay sowal finacadan

Siraya finacadan (palowad to sowal)

Makatao finacadan

Tajialiyang tamdaw

Fangsuo tamdaw

Langqiao tamdaw

Xiaoliuqiu tamdaw

Taivoan finacadan (palowad to sowal) [7]

=== Ponka (文化) ===
Pa’atayan ngangan (姓氏)

Tadamaan ko pa’atayan ngangan no Pinpu finacadan, nawhani masaPayrangay to, saka palasawad hananay to ko tadapa’atayan ngangan ato pipangangan a rocok no Pinpu finacadan, mialaay to tono Payrangan a pa’atayan, midotoc to mikadadoedoedo no finacadan ato sangasaw a pihamon, adihay to ko nipicamol to no Payrang tamdaw, Ngangay tamdaw, roma naikoran to no kalalood mafolaway a Payrang ira aca ko kasasiroma no pa’atayan ngangan, onini pa’atayan ngangan ato pafelian a mikadadoedoedo no finacadan, malo no Pinpu finacadan no niyah pihamonan ko tadamaanay pidotocan[31].

Pafalian a pa’atayan ngangan: Pan

Roma pa’atayan ngangan: Chen, Liu, Huang, Dai, Lai.

Tadamaan pa’atayan ngangan: Bing, Yue, Bang, Yi, Ji, Yi, Li, Mao, Mao, Tong, Nian, Dong, Yan, Ai, He, Cheng, Mai, Hou, Biao, Hong, Shuang, Jiao, Feng, Shi, Zhang, Zhui, Chu, Nai, Wei, Du, Zhen, Yu, Jie, Zhao, Yong, Hu, Zhen, Xie, Mai, Zhang, Xi, Yong, Yi, Jie, Bei, Liu, Shui, Li, Gang, Kun, Zhuo, Ya, Tuo, Mi, Wu, Xin, Kang, Zhang, Chang, Shuang, Gan, Zhuang.

=== Lisin (祭祀) ===
Itini i ka’oripan to romi’ami’adan ko kaira no lisin no Pinpu finacadan, ano sowalen, patodongan no lisin oya serayan a kinaira ko nito’ongan, o pakayraan no pidemak o nikaira no to’asan a pingodo. Siikeden, malitoloay ko pita’ong no Pinpu finacadan to tato’asan:

Comikayay to’asan lisin, mararid ko itiraay tenokan no Taywan a Pazeh finacadan, Papora finacadan,Taokas finacadan, pangangan no lisin itiyaay a lisin a kacomikayan ko todong, mahaenay a lisin roma matiyaay no kaemangay licekah kakomodan sakaira.

Katimolay Siraya finacadan, Makatao finacadan a to’asan lisin oya koreng ko todong tireng no to’asan a mita’ong, matiniay a pita’ong a lekakawa ato ’okak no to’asan pita’ong. Nika ngataay a Taivoan finacadan caay pita’ong to koreng, caay paso’elin t okaitira no to’asan i koreng, o paso’elinan tato’asan itiraay i kapolongan pita’omngan ko pipasayraan mipacakat to kawas.

Ka’amisan no Taywan a Pinpu finacadan Ketagalan finacadan, Kavalan finacadan ano eca Luilang finacadan, pita’ong to to’asan awaay ko todong kaitiraan a mita’ong.

=== Palowasd to serayan (文化復振) ===
Nawhani masaso’otay to ko kacacofel to Payrang, o lakakawa no Pinpu finacadan, sowal to ko kalaswadan. Aniniay hakasi ato teloc no Pinpu finacadan misa’icelay, mikadkad mikilim to lekakawa ato sowal no niyah. Oya Kavalan finacadan mahamon to no Conghuaminko a sifo, palao cecay no finacadan yincuminco no Taywan, oya Siraya finacadan o nano Taynansi a telekan a cecay finawlan a yincumin, itiraay Kompo no Kalingko a Taivoan finacadan, Makatao finacadan, Siraya finacadan o setekan no kofa a yincuminco, nanay masarocod ko pihayda no takarawan sifo no Conghuaminko a mihaydaan.

O Pinpu yincumin a Ketagalan finacadan, Pazih finacadan, Kahawu finacadan, Makatao finacadan, Hoanya finacadan, Papora finacadan, Taokas finacadan a kasafinacadan, nai 1990 miheca miteka palowad to kacingangan onto no Pinpu, mingitangit pihamon no sifo to sakacingangan to yincuminco a Pinpu finacadan[32].

O congtong ci Tsai Ingwen nai 2016 miheca 8 folad 1 romi’ad yicuminco romi’ad pasiyincuminco a mili’ay, miketon mipangalat kacitodong no lekakawa, o kacingangan no Pinpu finacadan citodong to sakacisalongoc ato sakatadamaan. Tangasa i 2016 miheca 10 folad 7 romi’ad misetek k oSincenyin misalof to kacingangan to yincumin, pa’ayaw fa’elohay pihayda t oPinpu finacadan o “Pinpu yincumin” [33], saan i 2017 miheca 8 folad 17 romi’ad mihayda to nipifalic a lalowadan no rikec[34].

=== Finawlan ato kaliposak (人口與分佈) ===
O todong no Pinpu finacadan no Taywan a pipolong to tamdaw, sa’ayaway manengneng to no Netherland pikowan a pipalita to kika, o pisa’osi salongan 4 tangasa 6 ’ofadan itiya. Oya Makatao finacadan itini i Fongsan faloay niyaro’ mata’elifay ko ’ofadan satata’akay finacadan, saka tosa ’alomanay o itiniay i Tansui cepo’ a Kavalan finacadan[35]. O halafinay pikowan no Mancin mapalaPayrang to, pikowan to no Dipong kinapinapinaay mipalita, salongan i 4 tangasa 6 ’ofadan ko ka’aloman[36].  

I 1915 miheca a pipalitaan pahapinang, o Pinpu finacadan tamdaw o i Akao sakowan (aniniay Takaosi, Pintong sa’etal) ko sa’alomanay, makilatosaay no maecakay Fan finacadan ko tamdaw, saheto o aniniay Makatao ato Taivoan pa’atayan a finawlan. Kadadoedo o Taynan sakowan, Nanto sakowan, Kalingko sakowan, macalap ko 30% Pinpu finacadan tamdaw. Manengneng to itiniay tenokan ka’amisay sa’etal no Taywan, dengan o Yilan, Nanto i, kaitiraan no Pinpu finacadan caay toka’aloman[37].
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1905 miheca
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1915 miheca 
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1920 miheca
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1925 miheca
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1930 miheca
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1935 miheca
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1943 miheca
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |46,432
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |47,676
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |48,894
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |51,009
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |53,947
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |57,812
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |62,119
|}
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Kasasiiked  no sakadademak
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1915  mihecaabn tamdaw no finacadan
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Polong  no finacadan % i Taywan
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; | 
|47,676
|100%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Taypi  sakowan
|884
|1.85%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Yilan  sakowan
|2,240
|4.7%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Taoyin  sakowan
|438
|0.92%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Sinco  sakowan
|1,939
|4.07%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Taycong  sakowan
|589
|1.24%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Nanto  sakowan
|5,338
|11.2%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Ciayi  sakowan
|1,729
|3.63%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Taynan  sakowan
|5,920
|12.54%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Akao  sakowan
|21,697
|45.51%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Posong  sakowan
|2,318
|4.86%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Kalingko  sakowan
|4,584
|9.61%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Penho  sakowan
|0
|0%
|}
Midotoc to no Taisho 14 miheca (1925) ato Showa 10 miheca (1935) a pipalita no kitakit, sakowannay to Pinpu finacadan tamdaw ato %. 1925 mihecaan pipalita no kitakit o “maecakay” sanay ho ko sowal a  pitahidang.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Kasa’etal no pikowan
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1925 mihecaan kapolongan no tamdaw
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1925 maecakay tamdaw
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1925 miheca micalapay tamdaw %
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1935 polong no tamdaw
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1935 Pinpu finacadan tamdaw
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1935 miheca polong tamdaw %
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Polong no Taywan
|3,993,408
|51,009
|1.3%
|5,212,426
|57,812
|1.1%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Taypi sakowan
|814,778
|2,622
|0.3%
|1,024,546
|2,358
|0.2%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Sinco sakowan
|597,576
|2,460
|0.4%
|712,309
|2,551
|0.4%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Taycong sakowan
|865,829
|6,519
|0.8%
|1,162,247
|7,210
|0.6%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Taynan sakowan
|1,029,361
|8,177
|0.8%
|1,332,187
|9,422
|0.7%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Takao sakowan
|584,259
|23,319
|4.0%
|732,819
|26,562
|3.6%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Posong sakowan
|42,671
|2,804
|6.6%
|70,710
|3,700
|5.2%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Kalingko sakowan
|58,934
|5,108
|8.7%
|111,497
|6,009
|5.4%
|}
Midotoc to Showa 10 (1935) mihecaan pipalita no kitakit, saka 1 sakowan ato saka 2 sakowan sa’etal Pinpu finacadan tamdaw ato %. Halo salongan saka 3 sakowan ato saka 4 sakowan kadademakan sa’etal (ano Pinpu finacadan tamdaw ira ko 100 tamdawan ano eca fafaeday no calap 5%):

Ikoray no kalaloodan awaayto ko pitoki sa’osi to Pinpu finacadan tamdaw. Pidotocan ni Lin Xiuche to kacomahad mo tamdaw, itira sa I 2000 mihecaan tamdaw no Pinpu finacadan i 10 ’ofad tangasa 20 ’ofad ko ka’aloman no tamdaw[38].

Midotoc to no Taynansi sakowa (2009[39]), Kompo no Kalingko sakowan (2013[40]), Takaosi (2009[41]), Pintong sakowan (2016[42]) a kasaniyaro’ a sifo kadadoedo mafohat “maecakay (Fan)” ko pipasinalit, tangasa 2018 mihecaan, o kasasikowan no niyaro’ makika to Pinpu finacadan a tamdaw:
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; | 
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Siraya finacadan
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Taivoan finacadan
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Makatao finacadan
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Roma/caayay ka sapinang finacadan
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Polongan
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Taynansi
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |11,830
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |11,830
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Takaosi
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |14,099
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |14,099
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Pintungsien
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1,803
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |205
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |2,008
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Kompo kalingko
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1,000
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1,000
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Polongan
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |12,937
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |129
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1,803
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |14,304
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |28,937
|}

=== Pahapinangan (參見) ===
•Cisingkong

•Daduwangkuo

•Sinkang wenshu

•Pinpu tunting

•Tongfanci

•Alizu

•Taicu (Tato’asan pitooran)

•Kongsie (Yincuminco)

•Wangyi (Silaya finacadan)

•Taivoan dadaya lisin

•Cipisuasiao sacepo’

•Pitouyang patireng to tapang

•Longpen fosingkong

•Touse kongsie

•Payrang no Taywan

•Yincumin no Taywan

•Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan sowal

•Yincuminco no Taywan

•Notimolan kalokanatal a sowalan i Taywan

•Caayay ho kasapinang finawlan no Taywan

•Sakacingangan onto no Pinpu finacadan

•Romi’ad no Yincuminco i Taywan

•Sowal no Pinpu

•Sapala Fan (Pinpu) finacadan

=== Pinengnengan (參考資料) ===
1.東アジア・ミクロネシア古写真資料画像データベース：写真番号　7042. 東京大學総合研究博物館.

2.行政院原住民委員會. [2020-05-21]. （原始內容存檔於2020-05-25）.

3.段洪坤. 《阿立祖信仰研究》. 臺南市政府文化局. 2013年12月. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-986-03-9416-0&lt;/nowiki&gt;.

4.John Thomson. Illustrations of China and its People. 1873.

5.「平埔族」名詞淺說. 原住民族委員會. （原始內容存檔於2016-06-11）.

6.年長的平埔族婦女 Old Pepohoan Women, La-lung, Formosa. 高雄市立美術館. （原始內容存檔於2016-06-04）.

7.臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典. 中華民國教育部. （原始內容存檔於2013-06-21）.

8.詹素娟. 熟番身份論─以日本時期的身份登錄為中心 (PDF). 中央研究院台灣史研究所. 2008. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2016-10-12）.

9.西拉雅族正名案 憲法法庭判原住民身分法違憲3年內應修法 （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館），中央社，2022-10-28

10.鄭景雯. 循著湯姆生腳步 走訪近150年前早期台灣. 中央通訊社. 2020-12-19 [2022-10-11].

中央研究院平埔文化資訊網

11.臺灣原住民族與世界南島語系民族的關係 （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）, 中華民國行政院原住民族委員會

12.李壬癸. 珍惜台灣南島語言. 台灣本鋪：前衛出版. 2010: 159–182. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-957-801-635-4&lt;/nowiki&gt;.

13.李壬癸. 新港文書研究. 中央研究院語言學研究所. 2010: 1–10. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-986-02-3342-1&lt;/nowiki&gt;.

14.胡家瑜. 大武壠平埔的衣飾收藏與刺繡工藝. 高雄市立歷史博物館. 2014: 2–10. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-986-04-1415-8&lt;/nowiki&gt;.

15.Tsuchida Shigeru, Yamada Yukihiro, Moriguchi Tsunekazu. Linguistic Materials of the Formosan Sinicized Populations I: Siraya and Basai. Department of Linguistics, The University of Tokyo: University of Tokyo. 1991: 8, 29.

16.劉益昌、顏廷伃. 臺灣史前史專論. 中央研究院、聯經出版公司. 2015: 258. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-986-04-6324-8&lt;/nowiki&gt;.

17.日光小林. 陳菊，我們也是原住民！小林村大武壠歌舞文化節籲早日正名. Mata Taiwan. 2016-04-12 [2016-06-16]. （原始內容存檔於2016-07-30）.

18凃順從. 《南瀛公廨誌》. 臺南縣文化局. 2002年1月. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 957-01-0250-0&lt;/nowiki&gt;.

19.Tsuchida Shigeru, Yamada Yukihiro, Moriguchi Tsunekazu. Linguistic Materials of the Formosan Sinicized Populations I: Siraya and Basai. Department of Linguistics, The University of Tokyo: University of Tokyo. 1991: 8, 29.

20.Paul Jen-kuei, Li. 珍惜台灣南島語言. Taipei: Avanguard Publishing House. 2010: 139–208. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-957-801-635-4&lt;/nowiki&gt;.

21.臺灣原住民平埔族群百年分類史系列地圖. hqq~青刊社地圖工作室. 2009-08-06 [2018-01-10]. （原始內容存檔於2018-02-11）.

22.林江義. 台東海岸加走灣馬卡道族的研究. Taipei: 國立政治大學民族研究所. 2004.

23.佟振國. 巴宰語不死 83歲嬤自編辭典. 自由時報. 2016年11月6日 [2019年1月17日]. （原始內容存檔於2019年1月17日）.

24.吳象元. 聯合國列為「語言已失傳」？台灣巴宰族回應：致力於復興傳統但有繁衍危機. 關鍵評論網. 2015年9月18日 [2019年1月17日]. （原始內容存檔於2019年1月17日）.

25.噶哈巫語復振. 噶哈巫語全球資訊網. [2019年1月17日].[永久失效連結]

26.原住民族青年陣線. 【認同我們的語言】#齊莉莎老師發言逐字稿 -原住民族青年陣線. 原住民族委員會. 2017年6月22日 [2019年1月17日]. （原始內容存檔於2021年8月16日）.

27.林家鴻. 耆老全力搶救 經費需要支持. 台灣教會公報.

28.劉秋雲. 道卡斯族語復振的困難與展望. 原住民族文獻. 2013年12月, (12期) [2019-02-18]. （原始內容存檔於2019-02-19）.

29.[1] （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）凱達格蘭族文化會議 今年著重巴賽語復振

中部平埔族群青年聯盟. 是不是平埔原住民該看DNA還是手臂那條線？3分鐘懶人包出爐，讓我們立刻尋根去！. Mata Taiwan. 2016年7月29日 [2017年10月1日]. （原始內容存檔於2017年10月1日）.

30.〈數千平埔原住民上街頭 要求正名〉，2009年5月2日

31.〈政院：修正原住民身分法，正名平埔原住民身分 （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）〉，2016年10月7日

32.行政院會通過「原住民身分法」修正草案. [2019-12-25]. （原始內容存檔於2019-12-25）.

33.存档副本. [2020-06-28]. （原始內容存檔於2020-06-29）.

34.原住民族委員會全球資訊網. [2020-05-15]. （原始內容存檔於2020-05-25）.

35.存档副本 (PDF). [2016-05-11]. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2016-10-12）.

36.林修澈，〈平埔族的分佈與人口〉，收於：潘朝成、劉益昌、施正鋒合編，《臺灣平埔族》。臺北：前衛，2003，頁25-41。

37.臺南市各區族群人口統計-西拉雅人口最新登記數據(2009年1月至4月資料). 台南市政府原住民族事務委員會. 2021-04-19 [2021-04-19]. 原始內容存檔於2021-04-19.

38.呼應蔡英文平埔政策！花蓮富里首開「鄉定原民」先例，2年過去卻不滿百人登記是發生啥事呢？. Mata Taiwan. 2016-08-25 [2018-05-29]. （原始內容存檔於2018-11-06）.

39.西拉雅平埔族註記、高市熟男266人.熟女207人. Kaohsiung City Government. 2016-09-13 [2018-05-29]. （原始內容存檔於2018-05-29）.

40.部落大小聲節目 加蚋埔部落錄製平埔議題. TITV. 2017-11-10 [2018-05-29]. （原始內容存檔於2017-12-05）.

=== Pacefadan (註釋) ===
1.化番指的是受清國政府掌控，但不用輸賦納徭的原住民，熟番則是完全受清國政府掌控差遣的原住民[3]:13。

2.除了過去學者的分類外，也有平埔族群原住民自己主張另成一族。例如原本歸類於巴宰族的牛眠山、守城、大湳、蜈蚣崙四莊居民主張他們是「噶哈巫族」[3]:15。

3.日治時期改作「蕃」。

4.例如，《噶瑪蘭廳志》（1851）就有「平埔番」一詞。

5.下分：巴賽（Basay）、雷朗（Luilang）、多囉美遠（Trobian）等3支

6.下分：道卡斯（Taokas）、巴布拉（Papora）、巴布薩（Babuza）、虎尾壟（Favorlan）等4支

按土田滋、李壬癸等語言學家的研究結果，現復振中的「西拉雅語」若以荷蘭人所留的《馬太福音》及《The Formulary of Christianity in Formosan Siraya Dialect》為基礎，則該語言應為「大滿語」。</text>
      <sha1>gwxtz6uiztzmas00cjzihbpmeg3l8dd</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>46930</id>
      <parentid>46929</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-07-07T01:31:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Masaonikar</username>
        <id>570</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Pacefadan (註釋) */</comment>
      <origin>46930</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="33022" sha1="8apz2zg57kte3rd9vlpopwdvkg43hey" xml:space="preserve">== Pinpu finacadan (平埔族群) ==
Pinpu finacadan, to hatiniay Pinpoco han ko pitahidang, o pisiiked to sapikown to yincumin no Taywan a tahidang koni[2]. O roma a tahidang o Kaosancu; ikor midoedo to mikingkiway, ponkaan, itiya a mafana’ to o ’alomanay a finacadan caay ko cecayay a finacadan sato, anini falican ko pitahidang o Pinpocu fuinacadan hanto. Oya ’alomanay Pinpuco finacadan tangsa anini caay ho haydaen no Conghuaminko sifo o yincuminco caira, dengan oya pakapian i ’Amis finacadan a Kavalan finacadan.

Pinpu finacadan i’ayaw no pikowan no netherland, spain itiya o “Aporicini-アボリジニ” han ko pitahidang; pikowan to no Mancin i, saheto o mapalatamdaway, maecakay finacadan[1], ato Nama no fan, wairudona fan sanay ko pasasi’ayaw[3]:12. Orasaka o Cori sareta, Aporicini-アボリジニ itiraay i “Dafdafay pala” (Pingti caopu), samasa o sowal pangangan o Pingpuah, Pucirin, Pingpufan (Payrang: Pi-poo-hoan; Inkiris Pepohoan[4][5][6]), onini “Pinpu” a sowal todong “Dafdaf” ano eca “enaray” sanay ko todong no sowal[7].

Tangasa to pikowan no Dipong a to’ek “Taywan Fancin demak” a tilidan o yincumin malitosa Kaosancu, Pinpuco[3]:13, kasaniyaro’ a Pinpuco finacadan ona palowaday to pifalic pala “Tongninco” sanay a syakay onto[5][8]. Tangasa no Conghuaminko to’ek a mikowan miteka o rayray no Pinpuco malasawaday to ko finacadan harateng, caay to pala o yincuminco cangra; ikor makerih to ko mikingkiway t ofinacadan no Taywan, onini likisi no Pinpuco miteka a masafaloco’ no syakay, nika o Pinpuco a finacadan ona oya “Pinpuco” koni finacadan, saan to ikor miliyaw a misilsil to kasasiiked masiroma[2][3]:18.

O Saisiyat ato Thao finadan ona nipacomodan i Pinpu a finacadan, nengnengen “Pinpuco”, “mapalatamdaway”, “maecakay finacadan” ato “manta’ finacadan” sanay ko pisiiked, onini o sakanga’ay no papotalay mikowan, caayay pidotoc to no yincuminco i nihamonan no niyah konini pisiiked, saka aniniay a pipangangan no Pinpu ano eca palowad to ngangan a onto. Tangasa 2022 miheca 10 folad 28 romi’ad, ono Conghuaminko kimpo a hoyin saki Silaya finacadan to kacingangan no yincumin a demak i, mihapiw to itiyaay ho “Rikec no kacingangan no yincumin” o caayay ka tatodong i kimpo, patodongen to tolo miheca ko pisalofan, mihayda to no Kaosancu a pisingsi malayincuminco o nano Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no Taywan, midotoc a pakayni sakacingangan nai tatapangan no rikec ko Pinpu finacadan[9].  

=== Likisi (歷史)   ===
O Pinpu a finacadan nai ’ayaw 17 sician katayni no Payrang i Taywan i, malesap nai ka’amis Yilan, Kilong tangasa katimol mililisay to saetip a riyar a dafdaf a sera, itira ira ko kasasiromaan no ponka, sowal, niyaro’ ko pihamon a saniyaro’an no sa’opo.

Pinpu a fuinacadan ka’amis nai Suaw ato Tayal a kasasilaed, katimol nai Fanliaw ato Paiwanfinacadan malalaed, ikor maepec no Payrang o roma i malinah tayra roma a pala, matiya o Hengcun, Puli, Kalingko Posong.

=== Pakayraan no sowal (詞源) ===
“Pinpu” a sowal a padotocan, manga’ay so’edacen nai Cingcao Yongceng pikowan Huangsujin “Taihai sicalu” (ikor no 1742 miheca), onini a tilid masowal ko “kasa Pinpu a saniyaro’” a sowal, ikor nai ci Chen Lunjiong a “Haikuo wencienlu” (1731 miheca) ira masadak ko “Pinpu yincumin” a sowal[3]:13.

Nawhani o ponka no yincumin macacofelay i no Payrang a finacadan, orasaka i ’ayaway no Payrang a rayray no likisi no Taywan masowal ko “Fan” [3]. Nai “Fan” a tilidan, pahecian a sowal a minengneng, “Fan” oya “macengelay” ato “omah” patatekoan, o maomahay a tamdaw sanay ko pitoro’, matiniay ko sa’orip. Nika, itini i romaay finacadan konengneng, “Fan” iraay ko mipelesay, miepecay a sowal[11].

I’ayaw yincumin no Taywan dengan o “niyaro’” ko iraay awaay ko “finacadan” sanay a latrkan[3]:12, orasaka o niyaro’ sato ko pitahidang. Tinako: Tacia kawaliay niyaro’ (tongsya) ato Tacia kaetipay niyaro’ “sisya” maro’ay, sacisowal sato o Tasya a tamdaw. O Pinpu finacadan ano eca Pinpu maecakay finacadan sanay a sowal i matiliday, o sapisiiked toya mangta’ay finacadan ato malafelay finacadan ato lotokay finacadan sanay ko pasasiromaan.

Talacawa nai 18 sician matilid no Mancin o Maecakay a Pinpu sanay ko pitahidang, mika itira i 19 sician mangalef ko nikasowal[4]. Rahodayen ko sowal, i 18 sician matilid o “Pinpu fan”, “Pinpu maecakay fan”, o patoro’ to itiraay i dafdafay no Pintong, dafdafay no Yilan, dafdafay no Posong ato dafdafay no Hengcun a yincumin finacadan. So’elinen ko sowal, o nisowalan no mita anini oya “Pinpu finacadan” tosaay ko pisimed to sasowalen: “Pinpu” ato “Maecakay finacadan”. O cecay a sowal “Pinpu” malifong i kasaniyaro’, oya “maecakay a finacadan” o sowal no mikowanay; nika soelinay, naikoran no Mancin, “Pinpu”, “Maecakay finacadan” itiraay i kasasiroma no finacadan, o mirarakatay a sdowal koni a pitahidang. O pisetek malecaday o pisiiked to sasiroma no sa’etal, tinako itiraay i Hencun, “Maecakay finacadan” snay a pisetek to micamolay to Payrang ato Yincumin, saka “Maecakay finacadan” a niyaro’ han ko pitahidang.  

=== Kasasiiked (分類) ===
Talacowa naira ko tamdawan, kasasiromaroma no tamdaw itiya to masasikihar ko ira ko “sasiiked no rocok”. Nika, kaira no tamdaw ira ko “finacadan” ato “finawlan” ko pisiiked to tamdaw o ikoray to ko nian, mangalef piteka no i’ayaw no 100 miheca picalap no micingcingay ato misatekeday ko pikowanan ho itiya. O Taywan saheto o “masiikeday ko finacadan” saka matiniay ko kamatira no to’ekan mapalowan.  

Ka Dipongan no Taywan o mitakedan a micowat ko pikowan to Taywan itiya, o patodong no pikowan, o pisapinangaw misolap ato sapinang to finacadan ato sera no Taywan, saan micowat misaiked to fanacadan no Taywan ko tayal (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b); tinako oya tayniay nai congko a Minan sa’etal a Ngayngay tamdaw palaPayrangen, ’ayaway nano Ngayngay palaNgayngayen ko pakika.

Miteka, hakasi no Dipong paretatenga oya maro’ay i dafdaf a Pinpu finacadan a yincumin malaPayrang to, dengan to oya “Pinpu finacadan” ano eca “Pinpufan” a nisowalan o pihaop aca, oya nisiikedan a finacadan palao “Takayamacu” patodong. Ikor, o hakasi no Dipong to mamalasawad a ponka no Pinpu finacadan ira to ko masatalolongay a nikafana’an saka, nanoya oya nisowalan a “Pinpu finacadan”, so’elinen halo adihayay kasasiroma no sowal, kasasiroma a ponka no finacadan.

Nikawrira, ’ayaw no 90 no mihecaan, o hakasi sakiPinpu finacadan masasiroma ko pisiiked, ira ko 7 finacadan 14 sangasaw, ira ko 8 finacadan, 9 finacadan, 10 finacadan, 12 finacadan sanay (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b).

Midotoc to aniniay mikingkiway pahecian, saki “Pinpu finacadan”, “Takayamacu” a kasasiiked, caay ko tataparan sanay masasiiked ko finawlan, o nano nai 17 sician ko nisanga’an a likisi, nawhani kasafinacadan a ’orip a sofal ato Palapayrangan a ko saka milafotay to calay. Roma a sowal, o nian “Pinpu finacadan” a kasasiroma no ponka, latek ikaka to cecay no “Pinpucu” ato cecay no “Takasakoco” a kasasiroma, o cecay no “Pinpu finacadan” ato cecay no “Takasako finacadan” latek oya cecayay a finacadan. Tinako sasowalen, nai sowal ato ponka ko pinengneng, samangataay to no ’Amis finacadan a Slaya, Taman ato Makataw finacadan no Taywan a Pinpu finacadan; o sowal ato Saysiyak finacadan mangata to Loylon finacadan no yincuminco.

=== Pakayraan no finacadan (族源) ===
Midoedo to no aniniay nipikingkiw misaheci, pakayraan no Pinpuco a ponka saheto o nai Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no Taywan. Onini a finacadan malesap itini i Taypinyang ato Intoyang, samaraayay manga’ay rapoten koya maraayay to Taywan a Easter Island ato Madagascar.

Dotocen ko kaitiraan, o itiraay i paka’amisay a finacadan no Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan i Taywan ko Pinpu a finacadan. So’elinen o I’ayaway no fa’elohay fokelohan a to’ek ko kaira ano eca talahakel i Taywan ko Pinpu finacadan, o nano mikiriyaray a finacadan. O piwacay no Yincuminco wiyinhuy to yincuminco no Taywan ato Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no hekal a kasakihar i pahapinang to o “nao Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan ko finacadan no Taywan, sakitamdawan ono Malay a tamdawan saka, o paka’amisay no Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan ko Taywan” saan[12].

==== No kaDipongan to’ek a pisilsil (日治時期的分類) ====
Saki Pinpu finacadan a pisilisil, awaay ko masongila’ay a kadadoedo no pisilsil i pikowan no Dipong to Taywan. Itira sa i Netherland a mikowan dengan sa o no kasaniyaro’ a ngangan, oraan sa ko pidoedoan kasasilsil no sa’etal, masa’isal ko pinapina sa’etal no finacadan. Ono i Mancin ni Huang Shujing to “Fansu liukao” a tilid i, malecad to pakayni kasasilsil a palaan misiiked a 13 niyaro’ ko yincumin funacadan.

Tangasa no Dipongan a to’ak, ona Ino Yoshinori, awaya den'nojo a “Taiwan yicumin mondai” (1900) a tilidan itiya to madadoedo ko pisilsil misiiked, ikor to ni Ino Yoshinori a “Taiwan yincumin seici” (1900) a tilidan, itiya masalof ko kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan, kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan ira: Ketagalan, Kavalan, Taokas, Pazih, Papora, Babuza, Arikun, Lloa, Siraya, Makattao 10 finacadan.

Oni Ino Yoshinori a nisiikedan kadadoedo o kacipinangan to pidoedoan, ona Igawa Kazo, Ogawa Tadayoshi, Mabuchi Toichi o pasadakay to kasasiiked siroma no pisilsil (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b). o kalaliyangan ira ko pinapina:

Pakayni to na 2 finacadan Arikun ato Lloa o papalacecayen ko finacadan: o roma a hakasi pasilacecay han koni 2 finacadan, o Hoanya a finacadan han saan. Nika midotoc to no hakasi ca Yung Kayin and Chung Yulan a pisapinang i, paretatenga to Hoanya alatek o nano Folaohua (Fan) a moraraway ko pipasetek. Ono finacadan to inika sasiroma no pihamon, pako niyah sa ko paratatenga.

’Eca ko malecaday to no Ketagalan a finacadan, ano eca padoedoen ho ko pisiiked. Pakayni to sowalan hakasi ca Tsuchida Shigeru aci Lee Inkee paretatenga a nisowalan, oya Ketagalan finacadan salongan malitoloay kasasiroma no sowal saan: Basay, Leilang ato Kulon. Oya Siraiya, Taivoan ato Makattao o masasiromaay ano eca o cecay a finacadan. Tangasa anini o ’alomanay a hakasi a midoedoan tono mikarkaray to notamdawan, sowalan ato lodisan masapinang, patongal no finacadan pihamon to niyah, paretatenga o na toloay ngasaw o masasiromaay caayay kalecad a yincuminco[13][14][15][16][17][18].   

Oni Ikawako no Zang itiniay ni Ino Kasunori saceker mapacomod ko Thao finacadan, o nano Pinpu finacadan ano eca o kaosanco finacadan.

==== Ikoray no kalalood a pisiiked (戰後的分類) ====
Pinapina mihecaan, no hakasi sakiPinpu finacadan a pisiiked, ira to ko fa’elohay a nengneng. No Dipong a hakasi ci Tsuchida Shigeru i 1985 mihecaan misiikedan (nengneng Tsuchida 1985), masiiked ko Pinpu finacadan to 12 finacadan: oya Kavalan, Basay, Ketagalan, Kulon, Taokas, Pazih, Papora, Babuza, Hoanya, Siraya, Makattao, Taivoan a finacadan.

Oni Li Yiyuan misiikedan to Pinpu finacadan masiiked 10 finacadan, oya Kavalan, Kentagalan, Luilang, Taokas, Papora, Babiza, Hoanya, Pazeh, Suisalien(Thau), Siraya finacadan[19]:14.  

Taywan sowalan hakasi ci Li Rengui ira ko masasiromaay a nengneng, nai 1996 miheca “Taywan Pinpu finacadan kasasiiked ato kasasikihar masiiked” a tilid, pasadak to 7 finacadan 14 ko sangasaw a nengneng: Thau, Kavalan, Ketagalan [5], Baburan [6], Pazih, Hoanya, Siraya. Ikor pakayni i sowal fa’elohay kasapinang, I 2006 miheca ato 2010 miheca mihapiw to nitilidan, oya Taivoan ato Makattao nai kaetipay Siraya amasadak[13][14].   

=== Kasamihecaan kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan. (歷年平埔族群分類)[20][21][22][23] ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
| colspan=&quot;19&quot; |'''歷年平埔族群分類'''
|-
|'''年代'''
|'''研究者'''
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; |'''族名'''
|-
|1904
|伊能嘉矩
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Vupuran
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Poavosa
|Arikun
|Lloa
|Pazzehe
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|Makattao
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1930
|移川子之藏
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Vupuran
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazeh
|Sao
|Tao
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1935
|小川尚義
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Vupuran
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazzehe
|Sao
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1944
|小川尚義
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|Luilang
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Papora
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazeh
|Sao
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1951
|張耀錡
|卡瓦蘭

（Kavalan）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |凱達格蘭

（Ketagalan）
|道卡斯

（Taokas）
|拍瀑拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴布薩

（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
|拍宰海

（Pazeh）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |西拉雅

（Siraya）
|四社熟番

（Taivoan）
|-
|1955
|李亦園
|噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|雷朗

（Luilang）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |凱達格蘭

（Ketagalan）
|道卡斯

（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |貓霧拺

（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |和安雅

（Hoanya）
|巴則海

（Pazeh）
|水沙連
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1970
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |台灣省通志
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |卡瓦蘭

（Kavalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |凱達格蘭

（Ketagalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |道卡斯

（Taokas）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |拍瀑拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴布薩

（Babuza／Poavasa）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅（Hoanya）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴則海

（Pazeh／Pazex）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
|Arikun
|Lloa
|馬卡道
|西拉雅
|四社熟番
|-
|1985-1991
|土田滋
|Kavalan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ketagalan
|Basay
|Kulon
|Taokas
|Papora
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazzahe
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|Makatao
|Siraya
|Taivoan
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1991
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |李壬癸
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |凱達格蘭（Ketagalan）
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |巴布薩（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴則海

（Pazeh）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |邵

（Thao）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
|雷朗（Luilang）
|哆囉美遠

（Trobian）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴賽（Basay）
|道卡斯（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
|貓霧拺（Babuza）
|費佛朗

（Favorlang）
|Makatao
|Siraya
|Taivoan
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1996
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |李壬癸
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |猴猴

（Qauqaut）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |凱達格蘭（Ketagalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |龜崙

（Kulon）
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |巴布蘭（Baburan）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴則海

（Pazeh）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |邵

（Thao）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
|雷朗（Luilang）
|哆囉美遠

（Trobian）
|馬賽（Basay）
|道卡斯（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
|貓霧拺（Babuza）
|費佛朗

（Favorlang）
|馬卡道（Makatao）
|西拉雅（Siraya）
|四社熟番（Taivoan）
|-
|2006-2010
|李壬癸
|噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |巴賽（凱達格蘭）

（Basay (Ketagalan)）
|龜崙

（Kulon）
|道卡斯

（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |貓霧拺（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
|巴宰

（Pazih）
|邵

（Thao）
|馬卡道（Makatao）
|西拉雅（Siraya）
|大武壠（Taivoan）
|}

=== Padetengan no finacadan (主要族群) ===
Ka’amis Taywan Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan

Tayal finacadan

Tayal Mie ngasaw

Kaetip ka’amis sowal finacadan

Saysyak finacadan (’ayaway pisiiked)

Kulon finacadan

Pazih finacadan

Pazih finacadan (palowad to sowal) [24][25]

Kahawu finacadan (palowad to sowal) [26][27][28]

Kaetip dafdafay sowal finacadan

Thao finacadan (’ayaway pisiiked)

Taokas finacadan (palowad to sowal) [29]

Papora finacadan

Babuza finacadan

Favorlang finacadan

Hoanya finacadan

Arikun finacadan

Lloa finacadan

Katimol Taywan Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan

Paiwan sowal finacadan

Paiwan Scaro ngasaw

Bunun sowal finacadan

Bunun finacadan Po ngasaw 

Kawali Taywan Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan 

Ka’amisay sowal finacadan

Kavalan finacadan (ira ho ko sowal) 

Houhou finacadan

Ketagalan finacadan

Luilang finacadan

Pazih finacadan (palowad to sowal)[30]

Trobian finacadan

Linao finacadan 

Kaetip katimolay sowal finacadan

Siraya finacadan (palowad to sowal)

Makatao finacadan

Tajialiyang tamdaw

Fangsuo tamdaw

Langqiao tamdaw

Xiaoliuqiu tamdaw

Taivoan finacadan (palowad to sowal) [7]

=== Ponka (文化) ===
Pa’atayan ngangan (姓氏)

Tadamaan ko pa’atayan ngangan no Pinpu finacadan, nawhani masaPayrangay to, saka palasawad hananay to ko tadapa’atayan ngangan ato pipangangan a rocok no Pinpu finacadan, mialaay to tono Payrangan a pa’atayan, midotoc to mikadadoedoedo no finacadan ato sangasaw a pihamon, adihay to ko nipicamol to no Payrang tamdaw, Ngangay tamdaw, roma naikoran to no kalalood mafolaway a Payrang ira aca ko kasasiroma no pa’atayan ngangan, onini pa’atayan ngangan ato pafelian a mikadadoedoedo no finacadan, malo no Pinpu finacadan no niyah pihamonan ko tadamaanay pidotocan[31].

Pafalian a pa’atayan ngangan: Pan

Roma pa’atayan ngangan: Chen, Liu, Huang, Dai, Lai.

Tadamaan pa’atayan ngangan: Bing, Yue, Bang, Yi, Ji, Yi, Li, Mao, Mao, Tong, Nian, Dong, Yan, Ai, He, Cheng, Mai, Hou, Biao, Hong, Shuang, Jiao, Feng, Shi, Zhang, Zhui, Chu, Nai, Wei, Du, Zhen, Yu, Jie, Zhao, Yong, Hu, Zhen, Xie, Mai, Zhang, Xi, Yong, Yi, Jie, Bei, Liu, Shui, Li, Gang, Kun, Zhuo, Ya, Tuo, Mi, Wu, Xin, Kang, Zhang, Chang, Shuang, Gan, Zhuang.

=== Lisin (祭祀) ===
Itini i ka’oripan to romi’ami’adan ko kaira no lisin no Pinpu finacadan, ano sowalen, patodongan no lisin oya serayan a kinaira ko nito’ongan, o pakayraan no pidemak o nikaira no to’asan a pingodo. Siikeden, malitoloay ko pita’ong no Pinpu finacadan to tato’asan:

Comikayay to’asan lisin, mararid ko itiraay tenokan no Taywan a Pazeh finacadan, Papora finacadan,Taokas finacadan, pangangan no lisin itiyaay a lisin a kacomikayan ko todong, mahaenay a lisin roma matiyaay no kaemangay licekah kakomodan sakaira.

Katimolay Siraya finacadan, Makatao finacadan a to’asan lisin oya koreng ko todong tireng no to’asan a mita’ong, matiniay a pita’ong a lekakawa ato ’okak no to’asan pita’ong. Nika ngataay a Taivoan finacadan caay pita’ong to koreng, caay paso’elin t okaitira no to’asan i koreng, o paso’elinan tato’asan itiraay i kapolongan pita’omngan ko pipasayraan mipacakat to kawas.

Ka’amisan no Taywan a Pinpu finacadan Ketagalan finacadan, Kavalan finacadan ano eca Luilang finacadan, pita’ong to to’asan awaay ko todong kaitiraan a mita’ong.

=== Palowasd to serayan (文化復振) ===
Nawhani masaso’otay to ko kacacofel to Payrang, o lakakawa no Pinpu finacadan, sowal to ko kalaswadan. Aniniay hakasi ato teloc no Pinpu finacadan misa’icelay, mikadkad mikilim to lekakawa ato sowal no niyah. Oya Kavalan finacadan mahamon to no Conghuaminko a sifo, palao cecay no finacadan yincuminco no Taywan, oya Siraya finacadan o nano Taynansi a telekan a cecay finawlan a yincumin, itiraay Kompo no Kalingko a Taivoan finacadan, Makatao finacadan, Siraya finacadan o setekan no kofa a yincuminco, nanay masarocod ko pihayda no takarawan sifo no Conghuaminko a mihaydaan.

O Pinpu yincumin a Ketagalan finacadan, Pazih finacadan, Kahawu finacadan, Makatao finacadan, Hoanya finacadan, Papora finacadan, Taokas finacadan a kasafinacadan, nai 1990 miheca miteka palowad to kacingangan onto no Pinpu, mingitangit pihamon no sifo to sakacingangan to yincuminco a Pinpu finacadan[32].

O congtong ci Tsai Ingwen nai 2016 miheca 8 folad 1 romi’ad yicuminco romi’ad pasiyincuminco a mili’ay, miketon mipangalat kacitodong no lekakawa, o kacingangan no Pinpu finacadan citodong to sakacisalongoc ato sakatadamaan. Tangasa i 2016 miheca 10 folad 7 romi’ad misetek k oSincenyin misalof to kacingangan to yincumin, pa’ayaw fa’elohay pihayda t oPinpu finacadan o “Pinpu yincumin” [33], saan i 2017 miheca 8 folad 17 romi’ad mihayda to nipifalic a lalowadan no rikec[34].

=== Finawlan ato kaliposak (人口與分佈) ===
O todong no Pinpu finacadan no Taywan a pipolong to tamdaw, sa’ayaway manengneng to no Netherland pikowan a pipalita to kika, o pisa’osi salongan 4 tangasa 6 ’ofadan itiya. Oya Makatao finacadan itini i Fongsan faloay niyaro’ mata’elifay ko ’ofadan satata’akay finacadan, saka tosa ’alomanay o itiniay i Tansui cepo’ a Kavalan finacadan[35]. O halafinay pikowan no Mancin mapalaPayrang to, pikowan to no Dipong kinapinapinaay mipalita, salongan i 4 tangasa 6 ’ofadan ko ka’aloman[36].  

I 1915 miheca a pipalitaan pahapinang, o Pinpu finacadan tamdaw o i Akao sakowan (aniniay Takaosi, Pintong sa’etal) ko sa’alomanay, makilatosaay no maecakay Fan finacadan ko tamdaw, saheto o aniniay Makatao ato Taivoan pa’atayan a finawlan. Kadadoedo o Taynan sakowan, Nanto sakowan, Kalingko sakowan, macalap ko 30% Pinpu finacadan tamdaw. Manengneng to itiniay tenokan ka’amisay sa’etal no Taywan, dengan o Yilan, Nanto i, kaitiraan no Pinpu finacadan caay toka’aloman[37].
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1905 miheca
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1915 miheca 
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1920 miheca
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1925 miheca
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1930 miheca
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1935 miheca
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1943 miheca
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |46,432
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |47,676
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |48,894
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |51,009
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |53,947
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |57,812
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |62,119
|}
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Kasasiiked  no sakadademak
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1915  mihecaabn tamdaw no finacadan
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Polong  no finacadan % i Taywan
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; | 
|47,676
|100%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Taypi  sakowan
|884
|1.85%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Yilan  sakowan
|2,240
|4.7%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Taoyin  sakowan
|438
|0.92%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Sinco  sakowan
|1,939
|4.07%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Taycong  sakowan
|589
|1.24%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Nanto  sakowan
|5,338
|11.2%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Ciayi  sakowan
|1,729
|3.63%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Taynan  sakowan
|5,920
|12.54%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Akao  sakowan
|21,697
|45.51%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Posong  sakowan
|2,318
|4.86%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Kalingko  sakowan
|4,584
|9.61%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Penho  sakowan
|0
|0%
|}
Midotoc to no Taisho 14 miheca (1925) ato Showa 10 miheca (1935) a pipalita no kitakit, sakowannay to Pinpu finacadan tamdaw ato %. 1925 mihecaan pipalita no kitakit o “maecakay” sanay ho ko sowal a  pitahidang.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Kasa’etal no pikowan
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1925 mihecaan kapolongan no tamdaw
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1925 maecakay tamdaw
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1925 miheca micalapay tamdaw %
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1935 polong no tamdaw
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1935 Pinpu finacadan tamdaw
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1935 miheca polong tamdaw %
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Polong no Taywan
|3,993,408
|51,009
|1.3%
|5,212,426
|57,812
|1.1%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Taypi sakowan
|814,778
|2,622
|0.3%
|1,024,546
|2,358
|0.2%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Sinco sakowan
|597,576
|2,460
|0.4%
|712,309
|2,551
|0.4%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Taycong sakowan
|865,829
|6,519
|0.8%
|1,162,247
|7,210
|0.6%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Taynan sakowan
|1,029,361
|8,177
|0.8%
|1,332,187
|9,422
|0.7%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Takao sakowan
|584,259
|23,319
|4.0%
|732,819
|26,562
|3.6%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Posong sakowan
|42,671
|2,804
|6.6%
|70,710
|3,700
|5.2%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Kalingko sakowan
|58,934
|5,108
|8.7%
|111,497
|6,009
|5.4%
|}
Midotoc to Showa 10 (1935) mihecaan pipalita no kitakit, saka 1 sakowan ato saka 2 sakowan sa’etal Pinpu finacadan tamdaw ato %. Halo salongan saka 3 sakowan ato saka 4 sakowan kadademakan sa’etal (ano Pinpu finacadan tamdaw ira ko 100 tamdawan ano eca fafaeday no calap 5%):

Ikoray no kalaloodan awaayto ko pitoki sa’osi to Pinpu finacadan tamdaw. Pidotocan ni Lin Xiuche to kacomahad mo tamdaw, itira sa I 2000 mihecaan tamdaw no Pinpu finacadan i 10 ’ofad tangasa 20 ’ofad ko ka’aloman no tamdaw[38].

Midotoc to no Taynansi sakowa (2009[39]), Kompo no Kalingko sakowan (2013[40]), Takaosi (2009[41]), Pintong sakowan (2016[42]) a kasaniyaro’ a sifo kadadoedo mafohat “maecakay (Fan)” ko pipasinalit, tangasa 2018 mihecaan, o kasasikowan no niyaro’ makika to Pinpu finacadan a tamdaw:
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; | 
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Siraya finacadan
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Taivoan finacadan
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Makatao finacadan
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Roma/caayay ka sapinang finacadan
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Polongan
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Taynansi
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |11,830
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |11,830
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Takaosi
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |14,099
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |14,099
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Pintungsien
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1,803
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |205
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |2,008
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Kompo kalingko
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1,000
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1,000
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Polongan
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |12,937
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |129
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1,803
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |14,304
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |28,937
|}

=== Pahapinangan (參見) ===
•Cisingkong

•Daduwangkuo

•Sinkang wenshu

•Pinpu tunting

•Tongfanci

•Alizu

•Taicu (Tato’asan pitooran)

•Kongsie (Yincuminco)

•Wangyi (Silaya finacadan)

•Taivoan dadaya lisin

•Cipisuasiao sacepo’

•Pitouyang patireng to tapang

•Longpen fosingkong

•Touse kongsie

•Payrang no Taywan

•Yincumin no Taywan

•Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan sowal

•Yincuminco no Taywan

•Notimolan kalokanatal a sowalan i Taywan

•Caayay ho kasapinang finawlan no Taywan

•Sakacingangan onto no Pinpu finacadan

•Romi’ad no Yincuminco i Taywan

•Sowal no Pinpu

•Sapala Fan (Pinpu) finacadan

=== Pinengnengan (參考資料) ===
1.東アジア・ミクロネシア古写真資料画像データベース：写真番号　7042. 東京大學総合研究博物館.

2.行政院原住民委員會. [2020-05-21]. （原始內容存檔於2020-05-25）.

3.段洪坤. 《阿立祖信仰研究》. 臺南市政府文化局. 2013年12月. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-986-03-9416-0&lt;/nowiki&gt;.

4.John Thomson. Illustrations of China and its People. 1873.

5.「平埔族」名詞淺說. 原住民族委員會. （原始內容存檔於2016-06-11）.

6.年長的平埔族婦女 Old Pepohoan Women, La-lung, Formosa. 高雄市立美術館. （原始內容存檔於2016-06-04）.

7.臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典. 中華民國教育部. （原始內容存檔於2013-06-21）.

8.詹素娟. 熟番身份論─以日本時期的身份登錄為中心 (PDF). 中央研究院台灣史研究所. 2008. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2016-10-12）.

9.西拉雅族正名案 憲法法庭判原住民身分法違憲3年內應修法 （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館），中央社，2022-10-28

10.鄭景雯. 循著湯姆生腳步 走訪近150年前早期台灣. 中央通訊社. 2020-12-19 [2022-10-11].

中央研究院平埔文化資訊網

11.臺灣原住民族與世界南島語系民族的關係 （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）, 中華民國行政院原住民族委員會

12.李壬癸. 珍惜台灣南島語言. 台灣本鋪：前衛出版. 2010: 159–182. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-957-801-635-4&lt;/nowiki&gt;.

13.李壬癸. 新港文書研究. 中央研究院語言學研究所. 2010: 1–10. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-986-02-3342-1&lt;/nowiki&gt;.

14.胡家瑜. 大武壠平埔的衣飾收藏與刺繡工藝. 高雄市立歷史博物館. 2014: 2–10. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-986-04-1415-8&lt;/nowiki&gt;.

15.Tsuchida Shigeru, Yamada Yukihiro, Moriguchi Tsunekazu. Linguistic Materials of the Formosan Sinicized Populations I: Siraya and Basai. Department of Linguistics, The University of Tokyo: University of Tokyo. 1991: 8, 29.

16.劉益昌、顏廷伃. 臺灣史前史專論. 中央研究院、聯經出版公司. 2015: 258. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-986-04-6324-8&lt;/nowiki&gt;.

17.日光小林. 陳菊，我們也是原住民！小林村大武壠歌舞文化節籲早日正名. Mata Taiwan. 2016-04-12 [2016-06-16]. （原始內容存檔於2016-07-30）.

18凃順從. 《南瀛公廨誌》. 臺南縣文化局. 2002年1月. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 957-01-0250-0&lt;/nowiki&gt;.

19.Tsuchida Shigeru, Yamada Yukihiro, Moriguchi Tsunekazu. Linguistic Materials of the Formosan Sinicized Populations I: Siraya and Basai. Department of Linguistics, The University of Tokyo: University of Tokyo. 1991: 8, 29.

20.Paul Jen-kuei, Li. 珍惜台灣南島語言. Taipei: Avanguard Publishing House. 2010: 139–208. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-957-801-635-4&lt;/nowiki&gt;.

21.臺灣原住民平埔族群百年分類史系列地圖. hqq~青刊社地圖工作室. 2009-08-06 [2018-01-10]. （原始內容存檔於2018-02-11）.

22.林江義. 台東海岸加走灣馬卡道族的研究. Taipei: 國立政治大學民族研究所. 2004.

23.佟振國. 巴宰語不死 83歲嬤自編辭典. 自由時報. 2016年11月6日 [2019年1月17日]. （原始內容存檔於2019年1月17日）.

24.吳象元. 聯合國列為「語言已失傳」？台灣巴宰族回應：致力於復興傳統但有繁衍危機. 關鍵評論網. 2015年9月18日 [2019年1月17日]. （原始內容存檔於2019年1月17日）.

25.噶哈巫語復振. 噶哈巫語全球資訊網. [2019年1月17日].[永久失效連結]

26.原住民族青年陣線. 【認同我們的語言】#齊莉莎老師發言逐字稿 -原住民族青年陣線. 原住民族委員會. 2017年6月22日 [2019年1月17日]. （原始內容存檔於2021年8月16日）.

27.林家鴻. 耆老全力搶救 經費需要支持. 台灣教會公報.

28.劉秋雲. 道卡斯族語復振的困難與展望. 原住民族文獻. 2013年12月, (12期) [2019-02-18]. （原始內容存檔於2019-02-19）.

29.[1] （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）凱達格蘭族文化會議 今年著重巴賽語復振

中部平埔族群青年聯盟. 是不是平埔原住民該看DNA還是手臂那條線？3分鐘懶人包出爐，讓我們立刻尋根去！. Mata Taiwan. 2016年7月29日 [2017年10月1日]. （原始內容存檔於2017年10月1日）.

30.〈數千平埔原住民上街頭 要求正名〉，2009年5月2日

31.〈政院：修正原住民身分法，正名平埔原住民身分 （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）〉，2016年10月7日

32.行政院會通過「原住民身分法」修正草案. [2019-12-25]. （原始內容存檔於2019-12-25）.

33.存档副本. [2020-06-28]. （原始內容存檔於2020-06-29）.

34.原住民族委員會全球資訊網. [2020-05-15]. （原始內容存檔於2020-05-25）.

35.存档副本 (PDF). [2016-05-11]. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2016-10-12）.

36.林修澈，〈平埔族的分佈與人口〉，收於：潘朝成、劉益昌、施正鋒合編，《臺灣平埔族》。臺北：前衛，2003，頁25-41。

37.臺南市各區族群人口統計-西拉雅人口最新登記數據(2009年1月至4月資料). 台南市政府原住民族事務委員會. 2021-04-19 [2021-04-19]. 原始內容存檔於2021-04-19.

38.呼應蔡英文平埔政策！花蓮富里首開「鄉定原民」先例，2年過去卻不滿百人登記是發生啥事呢？. Mata Taiwan. 2016-08-25 [2018-05-29]. （原始內容存檔於2018-11-06）.

39.西拉雅平埔族註記、高市熟男266人.熟女207人. Kaohsiung City Government. 2016-09-13 [2018-05-29]. （原始內容存檔於2018-05-29）.

40.部落大小聲節目 加蚋埔部落錄製平埔議題. TITV. 2017-11-10 [2018-05-29]. （原始內容存檔於2017-12-05）.

=== Pacefadan (註釋) ===
1.化番指的是受清國政府掌控，但不用輸賦納徭的原住民，熟番則是完全受清國政府掌控差遣的原住民[3]:13。

2.除了過去學者的分類外，也有平埔族群原住民自己主張另成一族。例如原本歸類於巴宰族的牛眠山、守城、大湳、蜈蚣崙四莊居民主張他們是「噶哈巫族」[3]:15。

3.日治時期改作「蕃」。

4.例如，《噶瑪蘭廳志》（1851）就有「平埔番」一詞。

5.下分：巴賽（Basay）、雷朗（Luilang）、多囉美遠（Trobian）等3支

6.下分：道卡斯（Taokas）、巴布拉（Papora）、巴布薩（Babuza）、虎尾壟（Favorlan）等4支

按土田滋、李壬癸等語言學家的研究結果，現復振中的「西拉雅語」若以荷蘭人所留的《馬太福音》及《The Formulary of Christianity in Formosan Siraya Dialect》為基礎，則該語言應為「大滿語」。

=== Pinayaran misa’osi (延伸閱讀) ===</text>
      <sha1>8apz2zg57kte3rd9vlpopwdvkg43hey</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>46931</id>
      <parentid>46930</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-07-07T01:31:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Masaonikar</username>
        <id>570</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Pinayaran misa’osi (延伸閱讀) */</comment>
      <origin>46931</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="35754" sha1="mljiqtmlmtxzl0d2647bxfq4owenmuh" xml:space="preserve">== Pinpu finacadan (平埔族群) ==
Pinpu finacadan, to hatiniay Pinpoco han ko pitahidang, o pisiiked to sapikown to yincumin no Taywan a tahidang koni[2]. O roma a tahidang o Kaosancu; ikor midoedo to mikingkiway, ponkaan, itiya a mafana’ to o ’alomanay a finacadan caay ko cecayay a finacadan sato, anini falican ko pitahidang o Pinpocu fuinacadan hanto. Oya ’alomanay Pinpuco finacadan tangsa anini caay ho haydaen no Conghuaminko sifo o yincuminco caira, dengan oya pakapian i ’Amis finacadan a Kavalan finacadan.

Pinpu finacadan i’ayaw no pikowan no netherland, spain itiya o “Aporicini-アボリジニ” han ko pitahidang; pikowan to no Mancin i, saheto o mapalatamdaway, maecakay finacadan[1], ato Nama no fan, wairudona fan sanay ko pasasi’ayaw[3]:12. Orasaka o Cori sareta, Aporicini-アボリジニ itiraay i “Dafdafay pala” (Pingti caopu), samasa o sowal pangangan o Pingpuah, Pucirin, Pingpufan (Payrang: Pi-poo-hoan; Inkiris Pepohoan[4][5][6]), onini “Pinpu” a sowal todong “Dafdaf” ano eca “enaray” sanay ko todong no sowal[7].

Tangasa to pikowan no Dipong a to’ek “Taywan Fancin demak” a tilidan o yincumin malitosa Kaosancu, Pinpuco[3]:13, kasaniyaro’ a Pinpuco finacadan ona palowaday to pifalic pala “Tongninco” sanay a syakay onto[5][8]. Tangasa no Conghuaminko to’ek a mikowan miteka o rayray no Pinpuco malasawaday to ko finacadan harateng, caay to pala o yincuminco cangra; ikor makerih to ko mikingkiway t ofinacadan no Taywan, onini likisi no Pinpuco miteka a masafaloco’ no syakay, nika o Pinpuco a finacadan ona oya “Pinpuco” koni finacadan, saan to ikor miliyaw a misilsil to kasasiiked masiroma[2][3]:18.

O Saisiyat ato Thao finadan ona nipacomodan i Pinpu a finacadan, nengnengen “Pinpuco”, “mapalatamdaway”, “maecakay finacadan” ato “manta’ finacadan” sanay ko pisiiked, onini o sakanga’ay no papotalay mikowan, caayay pidotoc to no yincuminco i nihamonan no niyah konini pisiiked, saka aniniay a pipangangan no Pinpu ano eca palowad to ngangan a onto. Tangasa 2022 miheca 10 folad 28 romi’ad, ono Conghuaminko kimpo a hoyin saki Silaya finacadan to kacingangan no yincumin a demak i, mihapiw to itiyaay ho “Rikec no kacingangan no yincumin” o caayay ka tatodong i kimpo, patodongen to tolo miheca ko pisalofan, mihayda to no Kaosancu a pisingsi malayincuminco o nano Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no Taywan, midotoc a pakayni sakacingangan nai tatapangan no rikec ko Pinpu finacadan[9].  

=== Likisi (歷史)   ===
O Pinpu a finacadan nai ’ayaw 17 sician katayni no Payrang i Taywan i, malesap nai ka’amis Yilan, Kilong tangasa katimol mililisay to saetip a riyar a dafdaf a sera, itira ira ko kasasiromaan no ponka, sowal, niyaro’ ko pihamon a saniyaro’an no sa’opo.

Pinpu a fuinacadan ka’amis nai Suaw ato Tayal a kasasilaed, katimol nai Fanliaw ato Paiwanfinacadan malalaed, ikor maepec no Payrang o roma i malinah tayra roma a pala, matiya o Hengcun, Puli, Kalingko Posong.

=== Pakayraan no sowal (詞源) ===
“Pinpu” a sowal a padotocan, manga’ay so’edacen nai Cingcao Yongceng pikowan Huangsujin “Taihai sicalu” (ikor no 1742 miheca), onini a tilid masowal ko “kasa Pinpu a saniyaro’” a sowal, ikor nai ci Chen Lunjiong a “Haikuo wencienlu” (1731 miheca) ira masadak ko “Pinpu yincumin” a sowal[3]:13.

Nawhani o ponka no yincumin macacofelay i no Payrang a finacadan, orasaka i ’ayaway no Payrang a rayray no likisi no Taywan masowal ko “Fan” [3]. Nai “Fan” a tilidan, pahecian a sowal a minengneng, “Fan” oya “macengelay” ato “omah” patatekoan, o maomahay a tamdaw sanay ko pitoro’, matiniay ko sa’orip. Nika, itini i romaay finacadan konengneng, “Fan” iraay ko mipelesay, miepecay a sowal[11].

I’ayaw yincumin no Taywan dengan o “niyaro’” ko iraay awaay ko “finacadan” sanay a latrkan[3]:12, orasaka o niyaro’ sato ko pitahidang. Tinako: Tacia kawaliay niyaro’ (tongsya) ato Tacia kaetipay niyaro’ “sisya” maro’ay, sacisowal sato o Tasya a tamdaw. O Pinpu finacadan ano eca Pinpu maecakay finacadan sanay a sowal i matiliday, o sapisiiked toya mangta’ay finacadan ato malafelay finacadan ato lotokay finacadan sanay ko pasasiromaan.

Talacawa nai 18 sician matilid no Mancin o Maecakay a Pinpu sanay ko pitahidang, mika itira i 19 sician mangalef ko nikasowal[4]. Rahodayen ko sowal, i 18 sician matilid o “Pinpu fan”, “Pinpu maecakay fan”, o patoro’ to itiraay i dafdafay no Pintong, dafdafay no Yilan, dafdafay no Posong ato dafdafay no Hengcun a yincumin finacadan. So’elinen ko sowal, o nisowalan no mita anini oya “Pinpu finacadan” tosaay ko pisimed to sasowalen: “Pinpu” ato “Maecakay finacadan”. O cecay a sowal “Pinpu” malifong i kasaniyaro’, oya “maecakay a finacadan” o sowal no mikowanay; nika soelinay, naikoran no Mancin, “Pinpu”, “Maecakay finacadan” itiraay i kasasiroma no finacadan, o mirarakatay a sdowal koni a pitahidang. O pisetek malecaday o pisiiked to sasiroma no sa’etal, tinako itiraay i Hencun, “Maecakay finacadan” snay a pisetek to micamolay to Payrang ato Yincumin, saka “Maecakay finacadan” a niyaro’ han ko pitahidang.  

=== Kasasiiked (分類) ===
Talacowa naira ko tamdawan, kasasiromaroma no tamdaw itiya to masasikihar ko ira ko “sasiiked no rocok”. Nika, kaira no tamdaw ira ko “finacadan” ato “finawlan” ko pisiiked to tamdaw o ikoray to ko nian, mangalef piteka no i’ayaw no 100 miheca picalap no micingcingay ato misatekeday ko pikowanan ho itiya. O Taywan saheto o “masiikeday ko finacadan” saka matiniay ko kamatira no to’ekan mapalowan.  

Ka Dipongan no Taywan o mitakedan a micowat ko pikowan to Taywan itiya, o patodong no pikowan, o pisapinangaw misolap ato sapinang to finacadan ato sera no Taywan, saan micowat misaiked to fanacadan no Taywan ko tayal (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b); tinako oya tayniay nai congko a Minan sa’etal a Ngayngay tamdaw palaPayrangen, ’ayaway nano Ngayngay palaNgayngayen ko pakika.

Miteka, hakasi no Dipong paretatenga oya maro’ay i dafdaf a Pinpu finacadan a yincumin malaPayrang to, dengan to oya “Pinpu finacadan” ano eca “Pinpufan” a nisowalan o pihaop aca, oya nisiikedan a finacadan palao “Takayamacu” patodong. Ikor, o hakasi no Dipong to mamalasawad a ponka no Pinpu finacadan ira to ko masatalolongay a nikafana’an saka, nanoya oya nisowalan a “Pinpu finacadan”, so’elinen halo adihayay kasasiroma no sowal, kasasiroma a ponka no finacadan.

Nikawrira, ’ayaw no 90 no mihecaan, o hakasi sakiPinpu finacadan masasiroma ko pisiiked, ira ko 7 finacadan 14 sangasaw, ira ko 8 finacadan, 9 finacadan, 10 finacadan, 12 finacadan sanay (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b).

Midotoc to aniniay mikingkiway pahecian, saki “Pinpu finacadan”, “Takayamacu” a kasasiiked, caay ko tataparan sanay masasiiked ko finawlan, o nano nai 17 sician ko nisanga’an a likisi, nawhani kasafinacadan a ’orip a sofal ato Palapayrangan a ko saka milafotay to calay. Roma a sowal, o nian “Pinpu finacadan” a kasasiroma no ponka, latek ikaka to cecay no “Pinpucu” ato cecay no “Takasakoco” a kasasiroma, o cecay no “Pinpu finacadan” ato cecay no “Takasako finacadan” latek oya cecayay a finacadan. Tinako sasowalen, nai sowal ato ponka ko pinengneng, samangataay to no ’Amis finacadan a Slaya, Taman ato Makataw finacadan no Taywan a Pinpu finacadan; o sowal ato Saysiyak finacadan mangata to Loylon finacadan no yincuminco.

=== Pakayraan no finacadan (族源) ===
Midoedo to no aniniay nipikingkiw misaheci, pakayraan no Pinpuco a ponka saheto o nai Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no Taywan. Onini a finacadan malesap itini i Taypinyang ato Intoyang, samaraayay manga’ay rapoten koya maraayay to Taywan a Easter Island ato Madagascar.

Dotocen ko kaitiraan, o itiraay i paka’amisay a finacadan no Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan i Taywan ko Pinpu a finacadan. So’elinen o I’ayaway no fa’elohay fokelohan a to’ek ko kaira ano eca talahakel i Taywan ko Pinpu finacadan, o nano mikiriyaray a finacadan. O piwacay no Yincuminco wiyinhuy to yincuminco no Taywan ato Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no hekal a kasakihar i pahapinang to o “nao Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan ko finacadan no Taywan, sakitamdawan ono Malay a tamdawan saka, o paka’amisay no Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan ko Taywan” saan[12].

==== No kaDipongan to’ek a pisilsil (日治時期的分類) ====
Saki Pinpu finacadan a pisilisil, awaay ko masongila’ay a kadadoedo no pisilsil i pikowan no Dipong to Taywan. Itira sa i Netherland a mikowan dengan sa o no kasaniyaro’ a ngangan, oraan sa ko pidoedoan kasasilsil no sa’etal, masa’isal ko pinapina sa’etal no finacadan. Ono i Mancin ni Huang Shujing to “Fansu liukao” a tilid i, malecad to pakayni kasasilsil a palaan misiiked a 13 niyaro’ ko yincumin funacadan.

Tangasa no Dipongan a to’ak, ona Ino Yoshinori, awaya den'nojo a “Taiwan yicumin mondai” (1900) a tilidan itiya to madadoedo ko pisilsil misiiked, ikor to ni Ino Yoshinori a “Taiwan yincumin seici” (1900) a tilidan, itiya masalof ko kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan, kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan ira: Ketagalan, Kavalan, Taokas, Pazih, Papora, Babuza, Arikun, Lloa, Siraya, Makattao 10 finacadan.

Oni Ino Yoshinori a nisiikedan kadadoedo o kacipinangan to pidoedoan, ona Igawa Kazo, Ogawa Tadayoshi, Mabuchi Toichi o pasadakay to kasasiiked siroma no pisilsil (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b). o kalaliyangan ira ko pinapina:

Pakayni to na 2 finacadan Arikun ato Lloa o papalacecayen ko finacadan: o roma a hakasi pasilacecay han koni 2 finacadan, o Hoanya a finacadan han saan. Nika midotoc to no hakasi ca Yung Kayin and Chung Yulan a pisapinang i, paretatenga to Hoanya alatek o nano Folaohua (Fan) a moraraway ko pipasetek. Ono finacadan to inika sasiroma no pihamon, pako niyah sa ko paratatenga.

’Eca ko malecaday to no Ketagalan a finacadan, ano eca padoedoen ho ko pisiiked. Pakayni to sowalan hakasi ca Tsuchida Shigeru aci Lee Inkee paretatenga a nisowalan, oya Ketagalan finacadan salongan malitoloay kasasiroma no sowal saan: Basay, Leilang ato Kulon. Oya Siraiya, Taivoan ato Makattao o masasiromaay ano eca o cecay a finacadan. Tangasa anini o ’alomanay a hakasi a midoedoan tono mikarkaray to notamdawan, sowalan ato lodisan masapinang, patongal no finacadan pihamon to niyah, paretatenga o na toloay ngasaw o masasiromaay caayay kalecad a yincuminco[13][14][15][16][17][18].   

Oni Ikawako no Zang itiniay ni Ino Kasunori saceker mapacomod ko Thao finacadan, o nano Pinpu finacadan ano eca o kaosanco finacadan.

==== Ikoray no kalalood a pisiiked (戰後的分類) ====
Pinapina mihecaan, no hakasi sakiPinpu finacadan a pisiiked, ira to ko fa’elohay a nengneng. No Dipong a hakasi ci Tsuchida Shigeru i 1985 mihecaan misiikedan (nengneng Tsuchida 1985), masiiked ko Pinpu finacadan to 12 finacadan: oya Kavalan, Basay, Ketagalan, Kulon, Taokas, Pazih, Papora, Babuza, Hoanya, Siraya, Makattao, Taivoan a finacadan.

Oni Li Yiyuan misiikedan to Pinpu finacadan masiiked 10 finacadan, oya Kavalan, Kentagalan, Luilang, Taokas, Papora, Babiza, Hoanya, Pazeh, Suisalien(Thau), Siraya finacadan[19]:14.  

Taywan sowalan hakasi ci Li Rengui ira ko masasiromaay a nengneng, nai 1996 miheca “Taywan Pinpu finacadan kasasiiked ato kasasikihar masiiked” a tilid, pasadak to 7 finacadan 14 ko sangasaw a nengneng: Thau, Kavalan, Ketagalan [5], Baburan [6], Pazih, Hoanya, Siraya. Ikor pakayni i sowal fa’elohay kasapinang, I 2006 miheca ato 2010 miheca mihapiw to nitilidan, oya Taivoan ato Makattao nai kaetipay Siraya amasadak[13][14].   

=== Kasamihecaan kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan. (歷年平埔族群分類)[20][21][22][23] ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
| colspan=&quot;19&quot; |'''歷年平埔族群分類'''
|-
|'''年代'''
|'''研究者'''
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; |'''族名'''
|-
|1904
|伊能嘉矩
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Vupuran
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Poavosa
|Arikun
|Lloa
|Pazzehe
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|Makattao
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1930
|移川子之藏
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Vupuran
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazeh
|Sao
|Tao
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1935
|小川尚義
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Vupuran
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazzehe
|Sao
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1944
|小川尚義
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|Luilang
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Papora
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazeh
|Sao
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1951
|張耀錡
|卡瓦蘭

（Kavalan）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |凱達格蘭

（Ketagalan）
|道卡斯

（Taokas）
|拍瀑拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴布薩

（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
|拍宰海

（Pazeh）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |西拉雅

（Siraya）
|四社熟番

（Taivoan）
|-
|1955
|李亦園
|噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|雷朗

（Luilang）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |凱達格蘭

（Ketagalan）
|道卡斯

（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |貓霧拺

（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |和安雅

（Hoanya）
|巴則海

（Pazeh）
|水沙連
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1970
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |台灣省通志
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |卡瓦蘭

（Kavalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |凱達格蘭

（Ketagalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |道卡斯

（Taokas）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |拍瀑拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴布薩

（Babuza／Poavasa）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅（Hoanya）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴則海

（Pazeh／Pazex）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
|Arikun
|Lloa
|馬卡道
|西拉雅
|四社熟番
|-
|1985-1991
|土田滋
|Kavalan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ketagalan
|Basay
|Kulon
|Taokas
|Papora
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazzahe
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|Makatao
|Siraya
|Taivoan
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1991
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |李壬癸
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |凱達格蘭（Ketagalan）
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |巴布薩（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴則海

（Pazeh）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |邵

（Thao）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
|雷朗（Luilang）
|哆囉美遠

（Trobian）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴賽（Basay）
|道卡斯（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
|貓霧拺（Babuza）
|費佛朗

（Favorlang）
|Makatao
|Siraya
|Taivoan
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1996
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |李壬癸
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |猴猴

（Qauqaut）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |凱達格蘭（Ketagalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |龜崙

（Kulon）
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |巴布蘭（Baburan）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴則海

（Pazeh）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |邵

（Thao）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
|雷朗（Luilang）
|哆囉美遠

（Trobian）
|馬賽（Basay）
|道卡斯（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
|貓霧拺（Babuza）
|費佛朗

（Favorlang）
|馬卡道（Makatao）
|西拉雅（Siraya）
|四社熟番（Taivoan）
|-
|2006-2010
|李壬癸
|噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |巴賽（凱達格蘭）

（Basay (Ketagalan)）
|龜崙

（Kulon）
|道卡斯

（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |貓霧拺（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
|巴宰

（Pazih）
|邵

（Thao）
|馬卡道（Makatao）
|西拉雅（Siraya）
|大武壠（Taivoan）
|}

=== Padetengan no finacadan (主要族群) ===
Ka’amis Taywan Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan

Tayal finacadan

Tayal Mie ngasaw

Kaetip ka’amis sowal finacadan

Saysyak finacadan (’ayaway pisiiked)

Kulon finacadan

Pazih finacadan

Pazih finacadan (palowad to sowal) [24][25]

Kahawu finacadan (palowad to sowal) [26][27][28]

Kaetip dafdafay sowal finacadan

Thao finacadan (’ayaway pisiiked)

Taokas finacadan (palowad to sowal) [29]

Papora finacadan

Babuza finacadan

Favorlang finacadan

Hoanya finacadan

Arikun finacadan

Lloa finacadan

Katimol Taywan Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan

Paiwan sowal finacadan

Paiwan Scaro ngasaw

Bunun sowal finacadan

Bunun finacadan Po ngasaw 

Kawali Taywan Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan 

Ka’amisay sowal finacadan

Kavalan finacadan (ira ho ko sowal) 

Houhou finacadan

Ketagalan finacadan

Luilang finacadan

Pazih finacadan (palowad to sowal)[30]

Trobian finacadan

Linao finacadan 

Kaetip katimolay sowal finacadan

Siraya finacadan (palowad to sowal)

Makatao finacadan

Tajialiyang tamdaw

Fangsuo tamdaw

Langqiao tamdaw

Xiaoliuqiu tamdaw

Taivoan finacadan (palowad to sowal) [7]

=== Ponka (文化) ===
Pa’atayan ngangan (姓氏)

Tadamaan ko pa’atayan ngangan no Pinpu finacadan, nawhani masaPayrangay to, saka palasawad hananay to ko tadapa’atayan ngangan ato pipangangan a rocok no Pinpu finacadan, mialaay to tono Payrangan a pa’atayan, midotoc to mikadadoedoedo no finacadan ato sangasaw a pihamon, adihay to ko nipicamol to no Payrang tamdaw, Ngangay tamdaw, roma naikoran to no kalalood mafolaway a Payrang ira aca ko kasasiroma no pa’atayan ngangan, onini pa’atayan ngangan ato pafelian a mikadadoedoedo no finacadan, malo no Pinpu finacadan no niyah pihamonan ko tadamaanay pidotocan[31].

Pafalian a pa’atayan ngangan: Pan

Roma pa’atayan ngangan: Chen, Liu, Huang, Dai, Lai.

Tadamaan pa’atayan ngangan: Bing, Yue, Bang, Yi, Ji, Yi, Li, Mao, Mao, Tong, Nian, Dong, Yan, Ai, He, Cheng, Mai, Hou, Biao, Hong, Shuang, Jiao, Feng, Shi, Zhang, Zhui, Chu, Nai, Wei, Du, Zhen, Yu, Jie, Zhao, Yong, Hu, Zhen, Xie, Mai, Zhang, Xi, Yong, Yi, Jie, Bei, Liu, Shui, Li, Gang, Kun, Zhuo, Ya, Tuo, Mi, Wu, Xin, Kang, Zhang, Chang, Shuang, Gan, Zhuang.

=== Lisin (祭祀) ===
Itini i ka’oripan to romi’ami’adan ko kaira no lisin no Pinpu finacadan, ano sowalen, patodongan no lisin oya serayan a kinaira ko nito’ongan, o pakayraan no pidemak o nikaira no to’asan a pingodo. Siikeden, malitoloay ko pita’ong no Pinpu finacadan to tato’asan:

Comikayay to’asan lisin, mararid ko itiraay tenokan no Taywan a Pazeh finacadan, Papora finacadan,Taokas finacadan, pangangan no lisin itiyaay a lisin a kacomikayan ko todong, mahaenay a lisin roma matiyaay no kaemangay licekah kakomodan sakaira.

Katimolay Siraya finacadan, Makatao finacadan a to’asan lisin oya koreng ko todong tireng no to’asan a mita’ong, matiniay a pita’ong a lekakawa ato ’okak no to’asan pita’ong. Nika ngataay a Taivoan finacadan caay pita’ong to koreng, caay paso’elin t okaitira no to’asan i koreng, o paso’elinan tato’asan itiraay i kapolongan pita’omngan ko pipasayraan mipacakat to kawas.

Ka’amisan no Taywan a Pinpu finacadan Ketagalan finacadan, Kavalan finacadan ano eca Luilang finacadan, pita’ong to to’asan awaay ko todong kaitiraan a mita’ong.

=== Palowasd to serayan (文化復振) ===
Nawhani masaso’otay to ko kacacofel to Payrang, o lakakawa no Pinpu finacadan, sowal to ko kalaswadan. Aniniay hakasi ato teloc no Pinpu finacadan misa’icelay, mikadkad mikilim to lekakawa ato sowal no niyah. Oya Kavalan finacadan mahamon to no Conghuaminko a sifo, palao cecay no finacadan yincuminco no Taywan, oya Siraya finacadan o nano Taynansi a telekan a cecay finawlan a yincumin, itiraay Kompo no Kalingko a Taivoan finacadan, Makatao finacadan, Siraya finacadan o setekan no kofa a yincuminco, nanay masarocod ko pihayda no takarawan sifo no Conghuaminko a mihaydaan.

O Pinpu yincumin a Ketagalan finacadan, Pazih finacadan, Kahawu finacadan, Makatao finacadan, Hoanya finacadan, Papora finacadan, Taokas finacadan a kasafinacadan, nai 1990 miheca miteka palowad to kacingangan onto no Pinpu, mingitangit pihamon no sifo to sakacingangan to yincuminco a Pinpu finacadan[32].

O congtong ci Tsai Ingwen nai 2016 miheca 8 folad 1 romi’ad yicuminco romi’ad pasiyincuminco a mili’ay, miketon mipangalat kacitodong no lekakawa, o kacingangan no Pinpu finacadan citodong to sakacisalongoc ato sakatadamaan. Tangasa i 2016 miheca 10 folad 7 romi’ad misetek k oSincenyin misalof to kacingangan to yincumin, pa’ayaw fa’elohay pihayda t oPinpu finacadan o “Pinpu yincumin” [33], saan i 2017 miheca 8 folad 17 romi’ad mihayda to nipifalic a lalowadan no rikec[34].

=== Finawlan ato kaliposak (人口與分佈) ===
O todong no Pinpu finacadan no Taywan a pipolong to tamdaw, sa’ayaway manengneng to no Netherland pikowan a pipalita to kika, o pisa’osi salongan 4 tangasa 6 ’ofadan itiya. Oya Makatao finacadan itini i Fongsan faloay niyaro’ mata’elifay ko ’ofadan satata’akay finacadan, saka tosa ’alomanay o itiniay i Tansui cepo’ a Kavalan finacadan[35]. O halafinay pikowan no Mancin mapalaPayrang to, pikowan to no Dipong kinapinapinaay mipalita, salongan i 4 tangasa 6 ’ofadan ko ka’aloman[36].  

I 1915 miheca a pipalitaan pahapinang, o Pinpu finacadan tamdaw o i Akao sakowan (aniniay Takaosi, Pintong sa’etal) ko sa’alomanay, makilatosaay no maecakay Fan finacadan ko tamdaw, saheto o aniniay Makatao ato Taivoan pa’atayan a finawlan. Kadadoedo o Taynan sakowan, Nanto sakowan, Kalingko sakowan, macalap ko 30% Pinpu finacadan tamdaw. Manengneng to itiniay tenokan ka’amisay sa’etal no Taywan, dengan o Yilan, Nanto i, kaitiraan no Pinpu finacadan caay toka’aloman[37].
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1905 miheca
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1915 miheca 
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1920 miheca
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1925 miheca
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1930 miheca
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1935 miheca
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1943 miheca
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |46,432
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |47,676
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |48,894
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |51,009
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |53,947
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |57,812
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |62,119
|}
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Kasasiiked  no sakadademak
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1915  mihecaabn tamdaw no finacadan
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Polong  no finacadan % i Taywan
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; | 
|47,676
|100%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Taypi  sakowan
|884
|1.85%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Yilan  sakowan
|2,240
|4.7%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Taoyin  sakowan
|438
|0.92%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Sinco  sakowan
|1,939
|4.07%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Taycong  sakowan
|589
|1.24%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Nanto  sakowan
|5,338
|11.2%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Ciayi  sakowan
|1,729
|3.63%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Taynan  sakowan
|5,920
|12.54%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Akao  sakowan
|21,697
|45.51%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Posong  sakowan
|2,318
|4.86%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Kalingko  sakowan
|4,584
|9.61%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Penho  sakowan
|0
|0%
|}
Midotoc to no Taisho 14 miheca (1925) ato Showa 10 miheca (1935) a pipalita no kitakit, sakowannay to Pinpu finacadan tamdaw ato %. 1925 mihecaan pipalita no kitakit o “maecakay” sanay ho ko sowal a  pitahidang.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Kasa’etal no pikowan
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1925 mihecaan kapolongan no tamdaw
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1925 maecakay tamdaw
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1925 miheca micalapay tamdaw %
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1935 polong no tamdaw
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1935 Pinpu finacadan tamdaw
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1935 miheca polong tamdaw %
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Polong no Taywan
|3,993,408
|51,009
|1.3%
|5,212,426
|57,812
|1.1%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Taypi sakowan
|814,778
|2,622
|0.3%
|1,024,546
|2,358
|0.2%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Sinco sakowan
|597,576
|2,460
|0.4%
|712,309
|2,551
|0.4%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Taycong sakowan
|865,829
|6,519
|0.8%
|1,162,247
|7,210
|0.6%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Taynan sakowan
|1,029,361
|8,177
|0.8%
|1,332,187
|9,422
|0.7%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Takao sakowan
|584,259
|23,319
|4.0%
|732,819
|26,562
|3.6%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Posong sakowan
|42,671
|2,804
|6.6%
|70,710
|3,700
|5.2%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Kalingko sakowan
|58,934
|5,108
|8.7%
|111,497
|6,009
|5.4%
|}
Midotoc to Showa 10 (1935) mihecaan pipalita no kitakit, saka 1 sakowan ato saka 2 sakowan sa’etal Pinpu finacadan tamdaw ato %. Halo salongan saka 3 sakowan ato saka 4 sakowan kadademakan sa’etal (ano Pinpu finacadan tamdaw ira ko 100 tamdawan ano eca fafaeday no calap 5%):

Ikoray no kalaloodan awaayto ko pitoki sa’osi to Pinpu finacadan tamdaw. Pidotocan ni Lin Xiuche to kacomahad mo tamdaw, itira sa I 2000 mihecaan tamdaw no Pinpu finacadan i 10 ’ofad tangasa 20 ’ofad ko ka’aloman no tamdaw[38].

Midotoc to no Taynansi sakowa (2009[39]), Kompo no Kalingko sakowan (2013[40]), Takaosi (2009[41]), Pintong sakowan (2016[42]) a kasaniyaro’ a sifo kadadoedo mafohat “maecakay (Fan)” ko pipasinalit, tangasa 2018 mihecaan, o kasasikowan no niyaro’ makika to Pinpu finacadan a tamdaw:
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; | 
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Siraya finacadan
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Taivoan finacadan
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Makatao finacadan
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Roma/caayay ka sapinang finacadan
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Polongan
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Taynansi
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |11,830
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |11,830
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Takaosi
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |14,099
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |14,099
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Pintungsien
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1,803
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |205
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |2,008
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Kompo kalingko
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1,000
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1,000
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Polongan
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |12,937
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |129
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1,803
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |14,304
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |28,937
|}

=== Pahapinangan (參見) ===
•Cisingkong

•Daduwangkuo

•Sinkang wenshu

•Pinpu tunting

•Tongfanci

•Alizu

•Taicu (Tato’asan pitooran)

•Kongsie (Yincuminco)

•Wangyi (Silaya finacadan)

•Taivoan dadaya lisin

•Cipisuasiao sacepo’

•Pitouyang patireng to tapang

•Longpen fosingkong

•Touse kongsie

•Payrang no Taywan

•Yincumin no Taywan

•Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan sowal

•Yincuminco no Taywan

•Notimolan kalokanatal a sowalan i Taywan

•Caayay ho kasapinang finawlan no Taywan

•Sakacingangan onto no Pinpu finacadan

•Romi’ad no Yincuminco i Taywan

•Sowal no Pinpu

•Sapala Fan (Pinpu) finacadan

=== Pinengnengan (參考資料) ===
1.東アジア・ミクロネシア古写真資料画像データベース：写真番号　7042. 東京大學総合研究博物館.

2.行政院原住民委員會. [2020-05-21]. （原始內容存檔於2020-05-25）.

3.段洪坤. 《阿立祖信仰研究》. 臺南市政府文化局. 2013年12月. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-986-03-9416-0&lt;/nowiki&gt;.

4.John Thomson. Illustrations of China and its People. 1873.

5.「平埔族」名詞淺說. 原住民族委員會. （原始內容存檔於2016-06-11）.

6.年長的平埔族婦女 Old Pepohoan Women, La-lung, Formosa. 高雄市立美術館. （原始內容存檔於2016-06-04）.

7.臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典. 中華民國教育部. （原始內容存檔於2013-06-21）.

8.詹素娟. 熟番身份論─以日本時期的身份登錄為中心 (PDF). 中央研究院台灣史研究所. 2008. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2016-10-12）.

9.西拉雅族正名案 憲法法庭判原住民身分法違憲3年內應修法 （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館），中央社，2022-10-28

10.鄭景雯. 循著湯姆生腳步 走訪近150年前早期台灣. 中央通訊社. 2020-12-19 [2022-10-11].

中央研究院平埔文化資訊網

11.臺灣原住民族與世界南島語系民族的關係 （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）, 中華民國行政院原住民族委員會

12.李壬癸. 珍惜台灣南島語言. 台灣本鋪：前衛出版. 2010: 159–182. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-957-801-635-4&lt;/nowiki&gt;.

13.李壬癸. 新港文書研究. 中央研究院語言學研究所. 2010: 1–10. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-986-02-3342-1&lt;/nowiki&gt;.

14.胡家瑜. 大武壠平埔的衣飾收藏與刺繡工藝. 高雄市立歷史博物館. 2014: 2–10. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-986-04-1415-8&lt;/nowiki&gt;.

15.Tsuchida Shigeru, Yamada Yukihiro, Moriguchi Tsunekazu. Linguistic Materials of the Formosan Sinicized Populations I: Siraya and Basai. Department of Linguistics, The University of Tokyo: University of Tokyo. 1991: 8, 29.

16.劉益昌、顏廷伃. 臺灣史前史專論. 中央研究院、聯經出版公司. 2015: 258. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-986-04-6324-8&lt;/nowiki&gt;.

17.日光小林. 陳菊，我們也是原住民！小林村大武壠歌舞文化節籲早日正名. Mata Taiwan. 2016-04-12 [2016-06-16]. （原始內容存檔於2016-07-30）.

18凃順從. 《南瀛公廨誌》. 臺南縣文化局. 2002年1月. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 957-01-0250-0&lt;/nowiki&gt;.

19.Tsuchida Shigeru, Yamada Yukihiro, Moriguchi Tsunekazu. Linguistic Materials of the Formosan Sinicized Populations I: Siraya and Basai. Department of Linguistics, The University of Tokyo: University of Tokyo. 1991: 8, 29.

20.Paul Jen-kuei, Li. 珍惜台灣南島語言. Taipei: Avanguard Publishing House. 2010: 139–208. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-957-801-635-4&lt;/nowiki&gt;.

21.臺灣原住民平埔族群百年分類史系列地圖. hqq~青刊社地圖工作室. 2009-08-06 [2018-01-10]. （原始內容存檔於2018-02-11）.

22.林江義. 台東海岸加走灣馬卡道族的研究. Taipei: 國立政治大學民族研究所. 2004.

23.佟振國. 巴宰語不死 83歲嬤自編辭典. 自由時報. 2016年11月6日 [2019年1月17日]. （原始內容存檔於2019年1月17日）.

24.吳象元. 聯合國列為「語言已失傳」？台灣巴宰族回應：致力於復興傳統但有繁衍危機. 關鍵評論網. 2015年9月18日 [2019年1月17日]. （原始內容存檔於2019年1月17日）.

25.噶哈巫語復振. 噶哈巫語全球資訊網. [2019年1月17日].[永久失效連結]

26.原住民族青年陣線. 【認同我們的語言】#齊莉莎老師發言逐字稿 -原住民族青年陣線. 原住民族委員會. 2017年6月22日 [2019年1月17日]. （原始內容存檔於2021年8月16日）.

27.林家鴻. 耆老全力搶救 經費需要支持. 台灣教會公報.

28.劉秋雲. 道卡斯族語復振的困難與展望. 原住民族文獻. 2013年12月, (12期) [2019-02-18]. （原始內容存檔於2019-02-19）.

29.[1] （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）凱達格蘭族文化會議 今年著重巴賽語復振

中部平埔族群青年聯盟. 是不是平埔原住民該看DNA還是手臂那條線？3分鐘懶人包出爐，讓我們立刻尋根去！. Mata Taiwan. 2016年7月29日 [2017年10月1日]. （原始內容存檔於2017年10月1日）.

30.〈數千平埔原住民上街頭 要求正名〉，2009年5月2日

31.〈政院：修正原住民身分法，正名平埔原住民身分 （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）〉，2016年10月7日

32.行政院會通過「原住民身分法」修正草案. [2019-12-25]. （原始內容存檔於2019-12-25）.

33.存档副本. [2020-06-28]. （原始內容存檔於2020-06-29）.

34.原住民族委員會全球資訊網. [2020-05-15]. （原始內容存檔於2020-05-25）.

35.存档副本 (PDF). [2016-05-11]. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2016-10-12）.

36.林修澈，〈平埔族的分佈與人口〉，收於：潘朝成、劉益昌、施正鋒合編，《臺灣平埔族》。臺北：前衛，2003，頁25-41。

37.臺南市各區族群人口統計-西拉雅人口最新登記數據(2009年1月至4月資料). 台南市政府原住民族事務委員會. 2021-04-19 [2021-04-19]. 原始內容存檔於2021-04-19.

38.呼應蔡英文平埔政策！花蓮富里首開「鄉定原民」先例，2年過去卻不滿百人登記是發生啥事呢？. Mata Taiwan. 2016-08-25 [2018-05-29]. （原始內容存檔於2018-11-06）.

39.西拉雅平埔族註記、高市熟男266人.熟女207人. Kaohsiung City Government. 2016-09-13 [2018-05-29]. （原始內容存檔於2018-05-29）.

40.部落大小聲節目 加蚋埔部落錄製平埔議題. TITV. 2017-11-10 [2018-05-29]. （原始內容存檔於2017-12-05）.

=== Pacefadan (註釋) ===
1.化番指的是受清國政府掌控，但不用輸賦納徭的原住民，熟番則是完全受清國政府掌控差遣的原住民[3]:13。

2.除了過去學者的分類外，也有平埔族群原住民自己主張另成一族。例如原本歸類於巴宰族的牛眠山、守城、大湳、蜈蚣崙四莊居民主張他們是「噶哈巫族」[3]:15。

3.日治時期改作「蕃」。

4.例如，《噶瑪蘭廳志》（1851）就有「平埔番」一詞。

5.下分：巴賽（Basay）、雷朗（Luilang）、多囉美遠（Trobian）等3支

6.下分：道卡斯（Taokas）、巴布拉（Papora）、巴布薩（Babuza）、虎尾壟（Favorlan）等4支

按土田滋、李壬癸等語言學家的研究結果，現復振中的「西拉雅語」若以荷蘭人所留的《馬太福音》及《The Formulary of Christianity in Formosan Siraya Dialect》為基礎，則該語言應為「大滿語」。

=== Pinayaran misa’osi (延伸閱讀) ===
1.陳炎正編，1979，岸裡社史料集成。臺中：豐原一週雜誌社。

2.村上直次郎編，1995，新港文書。臺北：捷幼。

3.杜正勝，1998，景印解說番社采風圖。臺北：中央研究院歷史語言研究所。

4.洪麗完，2002，臺灣中部平埔族群古文書研究與導讀：道卡斯族崩山八社與拍瀑拉族4社（3冊）。臺中縣豐原市：臺中縣立文化中心。

5.胡家瑜主編，1999，道卡斯新港社古文書。臺北：國立臺灣大學人類學系。

6.岸裡大社文書出版編輯委員會編輯，1988，國立臺灣大學藏岸裡大社文書（5冊）。臺北：國立臺灣大學。

7.劉澤民編著，2000，大肚社古文書。南投市：臺灣省文獻委員會。

8.劉澤民編著，2002，平埔百社古文書專輯。南投市：國史館臺灣文獻館。

9.劉澤民編著，2003，大甲東西社古文書（2冊）。南投市：臺灣文獻館。

10.劉澤民、陳文添、顏義芳編譯，2001，臺灣總督府檔案平埔族關係文獻選輯。南投市：臺灣省文獻委員會。

11.三田裕次藏，1988，臺灣古文書集，張炎憲編。臺北：南天。

12.謝繼昌主編，1999，凱達格蘭古文書。臺北：國立臺灣大學人類學系。

13.宜蘭縣立文化中心編，1994，宜蘭古文書·第壹輯。宜蘭：宜蘭縣立文化中心。

14.伊能嘉矩，1996，平埔族調查旅行：伊能嘉矩&lt;臺灣通信&gt;選集，楊南郡譯註。臺北：遠流。

15.曾振名、童元昭主編，1999，噶瑪蘭西拉雅古文書。臺北：國立臺灣大學人類學系。

16.張炎憲、王世慶、李季樺主編，1993，臺灣平埔族文獻資料選集：竹塹社（上、下）。臺北：中央研究院臺灣史田野研究室。

17.莊英章主編，1988，臺灣平埔族群研究書目彙編，潘英海、翁佳音、詹素娟編輯。臺北：中研院民族學研究所。

18.李壬癸，1996，臺灣平埔族群的種類及其相互關係，見張炎憲、李筱峰、戴寶村編，臺灣史論文精選（上），頁43-68。臺北：玉山社。

19.Tsuchida, Shigeru. 1985. Kulon: Yet Another Austronesian Language in Taiwan? Bulletin of the Institute of Ethnology 60: 1-59.

20.伊能嘉矩，1904，臺灣蕃政志。臺北：臺灣總督府民政部殖產局。

21.伊能嘉矩、粟野傳之丞，1900，臺灣蕃人事情。臺北：臺灣總督府民政局文書課。

22.中央研究院平埔文化資訊網，nd, a，平埔族？平埔族群？，見平埔族群的基本認識[online]。臺北：中央研究院平埔文化資訊網。[引用於2004年11月3日]。全球資訊網網址：[2] （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）。</text>
      <sha1>mljiqtmlmtxzl0d2647bxfq4owenmuh</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>46932</id>
      <parentid>46931</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-07-07T01:32:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Masaonikar</username>
        <id>570</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Pinayaran misa’osi (延伸閱讀) */</comment>
      <origin>46932</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="35794" sha1="5rn8labu8q6oj4vymejux26r6650txy" xml:space="preserve">== Pinpu finacadan (平埔族群) ==
Pinpu finacadan, to hatiniay Pinpoco han ko pitahidang, o pisiiked to sapikown to yincumin no Taywan a tahidang koni[2]. O roma a tahidang o Kaosancu; ikor midoedo to mikingkiway, ponkaan, itiya a mafana’ to o ’alomanay a finacadan caay ko cecayay a finacadan sato, anini falican ko pitahidang o Pinpocu fuinacadan hanto. Oya ’alomanay Pinpuco finacadan tangsa anini caay ho haydaen no Conghuaminko sifo o yincuminco caira, dengan oya pakapian i ’Amis finacadan a Kavalan finacadan.

Pinpu finacadan i’ayaw no pikowan no netherland, spain itiya o “Aporicini-アボリジニ” han ko pitahidang; pikowan to no Mancin i, saheto o mapalatamdaway, maecakay finacadan[1], ato Nama no fan, wairudona fan sanay ko pasasi’ayaw[3]:12. Orasaka o Cori sareta, Aporicini-アボリジニ itiraay i “Dafdafay pala” (Pingti caopu), samasa o sowal pangangan o Pingpuah, Pucirin, Pingpufan (Payrang: Pi-poo-hoan; Inkiris Pepohoan[4][5][6]), onini “Pinpu” a sowal todong “Dafdaf” ano eca “enaray” sanay ko todong no sowal[7].

Tangasa to pikowan no Dipong a to’ek “Taywan Fancin demak” a tilidan o yincumin malitosa Kaosancu, Pinpuco[3]:13, kasaniyaro’ a Pinpuco finacadan ona palowaday to pifalic pala “Tongninco” sanay a syakay onto[5][8]. Tangasa no Conghuaminko to’ek a mikowan miteka o rayray no Pinpuco malasawaday to ko finacadan harateng, caay to pala o yincuminco cangra; ikor makerih to ko mikingkiway t ofinacadan no Taywan, onini likisi no Pinpuco miteka a masafaloco’ no syakay, nika o Pinpuco a finacadan ona oya “Pinpuco” koni finacadan, saan to ikor miliyaw a misilsil to kasasiiked masiroma[2][3]:18.

O Saisiyat ato Thao finadan ona nipacomodan i Pinpu a finacadan, nengnengen “Pinpuco”, “mapalatamdaway”, “maecakay finacadan” ato “manta’ finacadan” sanay ko pisiiked, onini o sakanga’ay no papotalay mikowan, caayay pidotoc to no yincuminco i nihamonan no niyah konini pisiiked, saka aniniay a pipangangan no Pinpu ano eca palowad to ngangan a onto. Tangasa 2022 miheca 10 folad 28 romi’ad, ono Conghuaminko kimpo a hoyin saki Silaya finacadan to kacingangan no yincumin a demak i, mihapiw to itiyaay ho “Rikec no kacingangan no yincumin” o caayay ka tatodong i kimpo, patodongen to tolo miheca ko pisalofan, mihayda to no Kaosancu a pisingsi malayincuminco o nano Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no Taywan, midotoc a pakayni sakacingangan nai tatapangan no rikec ko Pinpu finacadan[9].  

=== Likisi (歷史)   ===
O Pinpu a finacadan nai ’ayaw 17 sician katayni no Payrang i Taywan i, malesap nai ka’amis Yilan, Kilong tangasa katimol mililisay to saetip a riyar a dafdaf a sera, itira ira ko kasasiromaan no ponka, sowal, niyaro’ ko pihamon a saniyaro’an no sa’opo.

Pinpu a fuinacadan ka’amis nai Suaw ato Tayal a kasasilaed, katimol nai Fanliaw ato Paiwanfinacadan malalaed, ikor maepec no Payrang o roma i malinah tayra roma a pala, matiya o Hengcun, Puli, Kalingko Posong.

=== Pakayraan no sowal (詞源) ===
“Pinpu” a sowal a padotocan, manga’ay so’edacen nai Cingcao Yongceng pikowan Huangsujin “Taihai sicalu” (ikor no 1742 miheca), onini a tilid masowal ko “kasa Pinpu a saniyaro’” a sowal, ikor nai ci Chen Lunjiong a “Haikuo wencienlu” (1731 miheca) ira masadak ko “Pinpu yincumin” a sowal[3]:13.

Nawhani o ponka no yincumin macacofelay i no Payrang a finacadan, orasaka i ’ayaway no Payrang a rayray no likisi no Taywan masowal ko “Fan” [3]. Nai “Fan” a tilidan, pahecian a sowal a minengneng, “Fan” oya “macengelay” ato “omah” patatekoan, o maomahay a tamdaw sanay ko pitoro’, matiniay ko sa’orip. Nika, itini i romaay finacadan konengneng, “Fan” iraay ko mipelesay, miepecay a sowal[11].

I’ayaw yincumin no Taywan dengan o “niyaro’” ko iraay awaay ko “finacadan” sanay a latrkan[3]:12, orasaka o niyaro’ sato ko pitahidang. Tinako: Tacia kawaliay niyaro’ (tongsya) ato Tacia kaetipay niyaro’ “sisya” maro’ay, sacisowal sato o Tasya a tamdaw. O Pinpu finacadan ano eca Pinpu maecakay finacadan sanay a sowal i matiliday, o sapisiiked toya mangta’ay finacadan ato malafelay finacadan ato lotokay finacadan sanay ko pasasiromaan.

Talacawa nai 18 sician matilid no Mancin o Maecakay a Pinpu sanay ko pitahidang, mika itira i 19 sician mangalef ko nikasowal[4]. Rahodayen ko sowal, i 18 sician matilid o “Pinpu fan”, “Pinpu maecakay fan”, o patoro’ to itiraay i dafdafay no Pintong, dafdafay no Yilan, dafdafay no Posong ato dafdafay no Hengcun a yincumin finacadan. So’elinen ko sowal, o nisowalan no mita anini oya “Pinpu finacadan” tosaay ko pisimed to sasowalen: “Pinpu” ato “Maecakay finacadan”. O cecay a sowal “Pinpu” malifong i kasaniyaro’, oya “maecakay a finacadan” o sowal no mikowanay; nika soelinay, naikoran no Mancin, “Pinpu”, “Maecakay finacadan” itiraay i kasasiroma no finacadan, o mirarakatay a sdowal koni a pitahidang. O pisetek malecaday o pisiiked to sasiroma no sa’etal, tinako itiraay i Hencun, “Maecakay finacadan” snay a pisetek to micamolay to Payrang ato Yincumin, saka “Maecakay finacadan” a niyaro’ han ko pitahidang.  

=== Kasasiiked (分類) ===
Talacowa naira ko tamdawan, kasasiromaroma no tamdaw itiya to masasikihar ko ira ko “sasiiked no rocok”. Nika, kaira no tamdaw ira ko “finacadan” ato “finawlan” ko pisiiked to tamdaw o ikoray to ko nian, mangalef piteka no i’ayaw no 100 miheca picalap no micingcingay ato misatekeday ko pikowanan ho itiya. O Taywan saheto o “masiikeday ko finacadan” saka matiniay ko kamatira no to’ekan mapalowan.  

Ka Dipongan no Taywan o mitakedan a micowat ko pikowan to Taywan itiya, o patodong no pikowan, o pisapinangaw misolap ato sapinang to finacadan ato sera no Taywan, saan micowat misaiked to fanacadan no Taywan ko tayal (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b); tinako oya tayniay nai congko a Minan sa’etal a Ngayngay tamdaw palaPayrangen, ’ayaway nano Ngayngay palaNgayngayen ko pakika.

Miteka, hakasi no Dipong paretatenga oya maro’ay i dafdaf a Pinpu finacadan a yincumin malaPayrang to, dengan to oya “Pinpu finacadan” ano eca “Pinpufan” a nisowalan o pihaop aca, oya nisiikedan a finacadan palao “Takayamacu” patodong. Ikor, o hakasi no Dipong to mamalasawad a ponka no Pinpu finacadan ira to ko masatalolongay a nikafana’an saka, nanoya oya nisowalan a “Pinpu finacadan”, so’elinen halo adihayay kasasiroma no sowal, kasasiroma a ponka no finacadan.

Nikawrira, ’ayaw no 90 no mihecaan, o hakasi sakiPinpu finacadan masasiroma ko pisiiked, ira ko 7 finacadan 14 sangasaw, ira ko 8 finacadan, 9 finacadan, 10 finacadan, 12 finacadan sanay (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b).

Midotoc to aniniay mikingkiway pahecian, saki “Pinpu finacadan”, “Takayamacu” a kasasiiked, caay ko tataparan sanay masasiiked ko finawlan, o nano nai 17 sician ko nisanga’an a likisi, nawhani kasafinacadan a ’orip a sofal ato Palapayrangan a ko saka milafotay to calay. Roma a sowal, o nian “Pinpu finacadan” a kasasiroma no ponka, latek ikaka to cecay no “Pinpucu” ato cecay no “Takasakoco” a kasasiroma, o cecay no “Pinpu finacadan” ato cecay no “Takasako finacadan” latek oya cecayay a finacadan. Tinako sasowalen, nai sowal ato ponka ko pinengneng, samangataay to no ’Amis finacadan a Slaya, Taman ato Makataw finacadan no Taywan a Pinpu finacadan; o sowal ato Saysiyak finacadan mangata to Loylon finacadan no yincuminco.

=== Pakayraan no finacadan (族源) ===
Midoedo to no aniniay nipikingkiw misaheci, pakayraan no Pinpuco a ponka saheto o nai Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no Taywan. Onini a finacadan malesap itini i Taypinyang ato Intoyang, samaraayay manga’ay rapoten koya maraayay to Taywan a Easter Island ato Madagascar.

Dotocen ko kaitiraan, o itiraay i paka’amisay a finacadan no Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan i Taywan ko Pinpu a finacadan. So’elinen o I’ayaway no fa’elohay fokelohan a to’ek ko kaira ano eca talahakel i Taywan ko Pinpu finacadan, o nano mikiriyaray a finacadan. O piwacay no Yincuminco wiyinhuy to yincuminco no Taywan ato Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan no hekal a kasakihar i pahapinang to o “nao Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan ko finacadan no Taywan, sakitamdawan ono Malay a tamdawan saka, o paka’amisay no Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan ko Taywan” saan[12].

==== No kaDipongan to’ek a pisilsil (日治時期的分類) ====
Saki Pinpu finacadan a pisilisil, awaay ko masongila’ay a kadadoedo no pisilsil i pikowan no Dipong to Taywan. Itira sa i Netherland a mikowan dengan sa o no kasaniyaro’ a ngangan, oraan sa ko pidoedoan kasasilsil no sa’etal, masa’isal ko pinapina sa’etal no finacadan. Ono i Mancin ni Huang Shujing to “Fansu liukao” a tilid i, malecad to pakayni kasasilsil a palaan misiiked a 13 niyaro’ ko yincumin funacadan.

Tangasa no Dipongan a to’ak, ona Ino Yoshinori, awaya den'nojo a “Taiwan yicumin mondai” (1900) a tilidan itiya to madadoedo ko pisilsil misiiked, ikor to ni Ino Yoshinori a “Taiwan yincumin seici” (1900) a tilidan, itiya masalof ko kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan, kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan ira: Ketagalan, Kavalan, Taokas, Pazih, Papora, Babuza, Arikun, Lloa, Siraya, Makattao 10 finacadan.

Oni Ino Yoshinori a nisiikedan kadadoedo o kacipinangan to pidoedoan, ona Igawa Kazo, Ogawa Tadayoshi, Mabuchi Toichi o pasadakay to kasasiiked siroma no pisilsil (takarawan kingkiwyin Pinpu ponka a calay nd, b). o kalaliyangan ira ko pinapina:

Pakayni to na 2 finacadan Arikun ato Lloa o papalacecayen ko finacadan: o roma a hakasi pasilacecay han koni 2 finacadan, o Hoanya a finacadan han saan. Nika midotoc to no hakasi ca Yung Kayin and Chung Yulan a pisapinang i, paretatenga to Hoanya alatek o nano Folaohua (Fan) a moraraway ko pipasetek. Ono finacadan to inika sasiroma no pihamon, pako niyah sa ko paratatenga.

’Eca ko malecaday to no Ketagalan a finacadan, ano eca padoedoen ho ko pisiiked. Pakayni to sowalan hakasi ca Tsuchida Shigeru aci Lee Inkee paretatenga a nisowalan, oya Ketagalan finacadan salongan malitoloay kasasiroma no sowal saan: Basay, Leilang ato Kulon. Oya Siraiya, Taivoan ato Makattao o masasiromaay ano eca o cecay a finacadan. Tangasa anini o ’alomanay a hakasi a midoedoan tono mikarkaray to notamdawan, sowalan ato lodisan masapinang, patongal no finacadan pihamon to niyah, paretatenga o na toloay ngasaw o masasiromaay caayay kalecad a yincuminco[13][14][15][16][17][18].   

Oni Ikawako no Zang itiniay ni Ino Kasunori saceker mapacomod ko Thao finacadan, o nano Pinpu finacadan ano eca o kaosanco finacadan.

==== Ikoray no kalalood a pisiiked (戰後的分類) ====
Pinapina mihecaan, no hakasi sakiPinpu finacadan a pisiiked, ira to ko fa’elohay a nengneng. No Dipong a hakasi ci Tsuchida Shigeru i 1985 mihecaan misiikedan (nengneng Tsuchida 1985), masiiked ko Pinpu finacadan to 12 finacadan: oya Kavalan, Basay, Ketagalan, Kulon, Taokas, Pazih, Papora, Babuza, Hoanya, Siraya, Makattao, Taivoan a finacadan.

Oni Li Yiyuan misiikedan to Pinpu finacadan masiiked 10 finacadan, oya Kavalan, Kentagalan, Luilang, Taokas, Papora, Babiza, Hoanya, Pazeh, Suisalien(Thau), Siraya finacadan[19]:14.  

Taywan sowalan hakasi ci Li Rengui ira ko masasiromaay a nengneng, nai 1996 miheca “Taywan Pinpu finacadan kasasiiked ato kasasikihar masiiked” a tilid, pasadak to 7 finacadan 14 ko sangasaw a nengneng: Thau, Kavalan, Ketagalan [5], Baburan [6], Pazih, Hoanya, Siraya. Ikor pakayni i sowal fa’elohay kasapinang, I 2006 miheca ato 2010 miheca mihapiw to nitilidan, oya Taivoan ato Makattao nai kaetipay Siraya amasadak[13][14].   

=== Kasamihecaan kasasiiked no Pinpu finacadan. (歷年平埔族群分類)[20][21][22][23] ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
| colspan=&quot;19&quot; |'''歷年平埔族群分類'''
|-
|'''年代'''
|'''研究者'''
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; |'''族名'''
|-
|1904
|伊能嘉矩
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Vupuran
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Poavosa
|Arikun
|Lloa
|Pazzehe
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|Makattao
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1930
|移川子之藏
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Vupuran
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazeh
|Sao
|Tao
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1935
|小川尚義
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Vupuran
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazzehe
|Sao
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1944
|小川尚義
|Kavarawan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|Luilang
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ketagalan
|Taokas
|Papora
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazeh
|Sao
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Sirajya
|-
|1951
|張耀錡
|卡瓦蘭

（Kavalan）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |凱達格蘭

（Ketagalan）
|道卡斯

（Taokas）
|拍瀑拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴布薩

（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
|拍宰海

（Pazeh）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |西拉雅

（Siraya）
|四社熟番

（Taivoan）
|-
|1955
|李亦園
|噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|雷朗

（Luilang）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |凱達格蘭

（Ketagalan）
|道卡斯

（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |貓霧拺

（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |和安雅

（Hoanya）
|巴則海

（Pazeh）
|水沙連
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1970
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |台灣省通志
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |卡瓦蘭

（Kavalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |凱達格蘭

（Ketagalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |道卡斯

（Taokas）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |拍瀑拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴布薩

（Babuza／Poavasa）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅（Hoanya）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴則海

（Pazeh／Pazex）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
|Arikun
|Lloa
|馬卡道
|西拉雅
|四社熟番
|-
|1985-1991
|土田滋
|Kavalan
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ketagalan
|Basay
|Kulon
|Taokas
|Papora
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Babuza
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hoanya
|Pazzahe
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|Makatao
|Siraya
|Taivoan
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1991
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |李壬癸
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |凱達格蘭（Ketagalan）
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |巴布薩（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴則海

（Pazeh）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |邵

（Thao）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
|雷朗（Luilang）
|哆囉美遠

（Trobian）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴賽（Basay）
|道卡斯（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
|貓霧拺（Babuza）
|費佛朗

（Favorlang）
|Makatao
|Siraya
|Taivoan
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1996
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |李壬癸
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |猴猴

（Qauqaut）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |凱達格蘭（Ketagalan）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |龜崙

（Kulon）
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |巴布蘭（Baburan）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |巴則海

（Pazeh）
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |邵

（Thao）
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |西拉雅（Siraya）
|-
|雷朗（Luilang）
|哆囉美遠

（Trobian）
|馬賽（Basay）
|道卡斯（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
|貓霧拺（Babuza）
|費佛朗

（Favorlang）
|馬卡道（Makatao）
|西拉雅（Siraya）
|四社熟番（Taivoan）
|-
|2006-2010
|李壬癸
|噶瑪蘭

（Kavalan）
|&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |巴賽（凱達格蘭）

（Basay (Ketagalan)）
|龜崙

（Kulon）
|道卡斯

（Taokas）
|巴布拉

（Papora）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |貓霧拺（Babuza）
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |洪雅

（Hoanya）
|巴宰

（Pazih）
|邵

（Thao）
|馬卡道（Makatao）
|西拉雅（Siraya）
|大武壠（Taivoan）
|}

=== Padetengan no finacadan (主要族群) ===
Ka’amis Taywan Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan

Tayal finacadan

Tayal Mie ngasaw

Kaetip ka’amis sowal finacadan

Saysyak finacadan (’ayaway pisiiked)

Kulon finacadan

Pazih finacadan

Pazih finacadan (palowad to sowal) [24][25]

Kahawu finacadan (palowad to sowal) [26][27][28]

Kaetip dafdafay sowal finacadan

Thao finacadan (’ayaway pisiiked)

Taokas finacadan (palowad to sowal) [29]

Papora finacadan

Babuza finacadan

Favorlang finacadan

Hoanya finacadan

Arikun finacadan

Lloa finacadan

Katimol Taywan Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan

Paiwan sowal finacadan

Paiwan Scaro ngasaw

Bunun sowal finacadan

Bunun finacadan Po ngasaw 

Kawali Taywan Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan 

Ka’amisay sowal finacadan

Kavalan finacadan (ira ho ko sowal) 

Houhou finacadan

Ketagalan finacadan

Luilang finacadan

Pazih finacadan (palowad to sowal)[30]

Trobian finacadan

Linao finacadan 

Kaetip katimolay sowal finacadan

Siraya finacadan (palowad to sowal)

Makatao finacadan

Tajialiyang tamdaw

Fangsuo tamdaw

Langqiao tamdaw

Xiaoliuqiu tamdaw

Taivoan finacadan (palowad to sowal) [7]

=== Ponka (文化) ===
Pa’atayan ngangan (姓氏)

Tadamaan ko pa’atayan ngangan no Pinpu finacadan, nawhani masaPayrangay to, saka palasawad hananay to ko tadapa’atayan ngangan ato pipangangan a rocok no Pinpu finacadan, mialaay to tono Payrangan a pa’atayan, midotoc to mikadadoedoedo no finacadan ato sangasaw a pihamon, adihay to ko nipicamol to no Payrang tamdaw, Ngangay tamdaw, roma naikoran to no kalalood mafolaway a Payrang ira aca ko kasasiroma no pa’atayan ngangan, onini pa’atayan ngangan ato pafelian a mikadadoedoedo no finacadan, malo no Pinpu finacadan no niyah pihamonan ko tadamaanay pidotocan[31].

Pafalian a pa’atayan ngangan: Pan

Roma pa’atayan ngangan: Chen, Liu, Huang, Dai, Lai.

Tadamaan pa’atayan ngangan: Bing, Yue, Bang, Yi, Ji, Yi, Li, Mao, Mao, Tong, Nian, Dong, Yan, Ai, He, Cheng, Mai, Hou, Biao, Hong, Shuang, Jiao, Feng, Shi, Zhang, Zhui, Chu, Nai, Wei, Du, Zhen, Yu, Jie, Zhao, Yong, Hu, Zhen, Xie, Mai, Zhang, Xi, Yong, Yi, Jie, Bei, Liu, Shui, Li, Gang, Kun, Zhuo, Ya, Tuo, Mi, Wu, Xin, Kang, Zhang, Chang, Shuang, Gan, Zhuang.

=== Lisin (祭祀) ===
Itini i ka’oripan to romi’ami’adan ko kaira no lisin no Pinpu finacadan, ano sowalen, patodongan no lisin oya serayan a kinaira ko nito’ongan, o pakayraan no pidemak o nikaira no to’asan a pingodo. Siikeden, malitoloay ko pita’ong no Pinpu finacadan to tato’asan:

Comikayay to’asan lisin, mararid ko itiraay tenokan no Taywan a Pazeh finacadan, Papora finacadan,Taokas finacadan, pangangan no lisin itiyaay a lisin a kacomikayan ko todong, mahaenay a lisin roma matiyaay no kaemangay licekah kakomodan sakaira.

Katimolay Siraya finacadan, Makatao finacadan a to’asan lisin oya koreng ko todong tireng no to’asan a mita’ong, matiniay a pita’ong a lekakawa ato ’okak no to’asan pita’ong. Nika ngataay a Taivoan finacadan caay pita’ong to koreng, caay paso’elin t okaitira no to’asan i koreng, o paso’elinan tato’asan itiraay i kapolongan pita’omngan ko pipasayraan mipacakat to kawas.

Ka’amisan no Taywan a Pinpu finacadan Ketagalan finacadan, Kavalan finacadan ano eca Luilang finacadan, pita’ong to to’asan awaay ko todong kaitiraan a mita’ong.

=== Palowasd to serayan (文化復振) ===
Nawhani masaso’otay to ko kacacofel to Payrang, o lakakawa no Pinpu finacadan, sowal to ko kalaswadan. Aniniay hakasi ato teloc no Pinpu finacadan misa’icelay, mikadkad mikilim to lekakawa ato sowal no niyah. Oya Kavalan finacadan mahamon to no Conghuaminko a sifo, palao cecay no finacadan yincuminco no Taywan, oya Siraya finacadan o nano Taynansi a telekan a cecay finawlan a yincumin, itiraay Kompo no Kalingko a Taivoan finacadan, Makatao finacadan, Siraya finacadan o setekan no kofa a yincuminco, nanay masarocod ko pihayda no takarawan sifo no Conghuaminko a mihaydaan.

O Pinpu yincumin a Ketagalan finacadan, Pazih finacadan, Kahawu finacadan, Makatao finacadan, Hoanya finacadan, Papora finacadan, Taokas finacadan a kasafinacadan, nai 1990 miheca miteka palowad to kacingangan onto no Pinpu, mingitangit pihamon no sifo to sakacingangan to yincuminco a Pinpu finacadan[32].

O congtong ci Tsai Ingwen nai 2016 miheca 8 folad 1 romi’ad yicuminco romi’ad pasiyincuminco a mili’ay, miketon mipangalat kacitodong no lekakawa, o kacingangan no Pinpu finacadan citodong to sakacisalongoc ato sakatadamaan. Tangasa i 2016 miheca 10 folad 7 romi’ad misetek k oSincenyin misalof to kacingangan to yincumin, pa’ayaw fa’elohay pihayda t oPinpu finacadan o “Pinpu yincumin” [33], saan i 2017 miheca 8 folad 17 romi’ad mihayda to nipifalic a lalowadan no rikec[34].

=== Finawlan ato kaliposak (人口與分佈) ===
O todong no Pinpu finacadan no Taywan a pipolong to tamdaw, sa’ayaway manengneng to no Netherland pikowan a pipalita to kika, o pisa’osi salongan 4 tangasa 6 ’ofadan itiya. Oya Makatao finacadan itini i Fongsan faloay niyaro’ mata’elifay ko ’ofadan satata’akay finacadan, saka tosa ’alomanay o itiniay i Tansui cepo’ a Kavalan finacadan[35]. O halafinay pikowan no Mancin mapalaPayrang to, pikowan to no Dipong kinapinapinaay mipalita, salongan i 4 tangasa 6 ’ofadan ko ka’aloman[36].  

I 1915 miheca a pipalitaan pahapinang, o Pinpu finacadan tamdaw o i Akao sakowan (aniniay Takaosi, Pintong sa’etal) ko sa’alomanay, makilatosaay no maecakay Fan finacadan ko tamdaw, saheto o aniniay Makatao ato Taivoan pa’atayan a finawlan. Kadadoedo o Taynan sakowan, Nanto sakowan, Kalingko sakowan, macalap ko 30% Pinpu finacadan tamdaw. Manengneng to itiniay tenokan ka’amisay sa’etal no Taywan, dengan o Yilan, Nanto i, kaitiraan no Pinpu finacadan caay toka’aloman[37].
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1905 miheca
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1915 miheca 
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1920 miheca
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1925 miheca
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1930 miheca
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1935 miheca
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1943 miheca
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |46,432
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |47,676
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |48,894
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |51,009
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |53,947
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |57,812
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |62,119
|}
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Kasasiiked  no sakadademak
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1915  mihecaabn tamdaw no finacadan
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Polong  no finacadan % i Taywan
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; | 
|47,676
|100%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Taypi  sakowan
|884
|1.85%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Yilan  sakowan
|2,240
|4.7%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Taoyin  sakowan
|438
|0.92%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Sinco  sakowan
|1,939
|4.07%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Taycong  sakowan
|589
|1.24%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Nanto  sakowan
|5,338
|11.2%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Ciayi  sakowan
|1,729
|3.63%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Taynan  sakowan
|5,920
|12.54%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Akao  sakowan
|21,697
|45.51%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Posong  sakowan
|2,318
|4.86%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Kalingko  sakowan
|4,584
|9.61%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Penho  sakowan
|0
|0%
|}
Midotoc to no Taisho 14 miheca (1925) ato Showa 10 miheca (1935) a pipalita no kitakit, sakowannay to Pinpu finacadan tamdaw ato %. 1925 mihecaan pipalita no kitakit o “maecakay” sanay ho ko sowal a  pitahidang.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Kasa’etal no pikowan
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1925 mihecaan kapolongan no tamdaw
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1925 maecakay tamdaw
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1925 miheca micalapay tamdaw %
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1935 polong no tamdaw
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1935 Pinpu finacadan tamdaw
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1935 miheca polong tamdaw %
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Polong no Taywan
|3,993,408
|51,009
|1.3%
|5,212,426
|57,812
|1.1%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Taypi sakowan
|814,778
|2,622
|0.3%
|1,024,546
|2,358
|0.2%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Sinco sakowan
|597,576
|2,460
|0.4%
|712,309
|2,551
|0.4%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Taycong sakowan
|865,829
|6,519
|0.8%
|1,162,247
|7,210
|0.6%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Taynan sakowan
|1,029,361
|8,177
|0.8%
|1,332,187
|9,422
|0.7%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Takao sakowan
|584,259
|23,319
|4.0%
|732,819
|26,562
|3.6%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Posong sakowan
|42,671
|2,804
|6.6%
|70,710
|3,700
|5.2%
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Kalingko sakowan
|58,934
|5,108
|8.7%
|111,497
|6,009
|5.4%
|}
Midotoc to Showa 10 (1935) mihecaan pipalita no kitakit, saka 1 sakowan ato saka 2 sakowan sa’etal Pinpu finacadan tamdaw ato %. Halo salongan saka 3 sakowan ato saka 4 sakowan kadademakan sa’etal (ano Pinpu finacadan tamdaw ira ko 100 tamdawan ano eca fafaeday no calap 5%):

Ikoray no kalaloodan awaayto ko pitoki sa’osi to Pinpu finacadan tamdaw. Pidotocan ni Lin Xiuche to kacomahad mo tamdaw, itira sa I 2000 mihecaan tamdaw no Pinpu finacadan i 10 ’ofad tangasa 20 ’ofad ko ka’aloman no tamdaw[38].

Midotoc to no Taynansi sakowa (2009[39]), Kompo no Kalingko sakowan (2013[40]), Takaosi (2009[41]), Pintong sakowan (2016[42]) a kasaniyaro’ a sifo kadadoedo mafohat “maecakay (Fan)” ko pipasinalit, tangasa 2018 mihecaan, o kasasikowan no niyaro’ makika to Pinpu finacadan a tamdaw:
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; | 
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Siraya finacadan
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Taivoan finacadan
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Makatao finacadan
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Roma/caayay ka sapinang finacadan
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Polongan
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Taynansi
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |11,830
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |11,830
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Takaosi
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |14,099
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |14,099
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Pintungsien
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1,803
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |205
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |2,008
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Kompo kalingko
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1,000
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1,000
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |Polongan
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |12,937
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |129
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |1,803
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |14,304
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |28,937
|}

=== Pahapinangan (參見) ===
•Cisingkong

•Daduwangkuo

•Sinkang wenshu

•Pinpu tunting

•Tongfanci

•Alizu

•Taicu (Tato’asan pitooran)

•Kongsie (Yincuminco)

•Wangyi (Silaya finacadan)

•Taivoan dadaya lisin

•Cipisuasiao sacepo’

•Pitouyang patireng to tapang

•Longpen fosingkong

•Touse kongsie

•Payrang no Taywan

•Yincumin no Taywan

•Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan sowal

•Yincuminco no Taywan

•Notimolan kalokanatal a sowalan i Taywan

•Caayay ho kasapinang finawlan no Taywan

•Sakacingangan onto no Pinpu finacadan

•Romi’ad no Yincuminco i Taywan

•Sowal no Pinpu

•Sapala Fan (Pinpu) finacadan

=== Pinengnengan (參考資料) ===
1.東アジア・ミクロネシア古写真資料画像データベース：写真番号　7042. 東京大學総合研究博物館.

2.行政院原住民委員會. [2020-05-21]. （原始內容存檔於2020-05-25）.

3.段洪坤. 《阿立祖信仰研究》. 臺南市政府文化局. 2013年12月. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-986-03-9416-0&lt;/nowiki&gt;.

4.John Thomson. Illustrations of China and its People. 1873.

5.「平埔族」名詞淺說. 原住民族委員會. （原始內容存檔於2016-06-11）.

6.年長的平埔族婦女 Old Pepohoan Women, La-lung, Formosa. 高雄市立美術館. （原始內容存檔於2016-06-04）.

7.臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典. 中華民國教育部. （原始內容存檔於2013-06-21）.

8.詹素娟. 熟番身份論─以日本時期的身份登錄為中心 (PDF). 中央研究院台灣史研究所. 2008. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2016-10-12）.

9.西拉雅族正名案 憲法法庭判原住民身分法違憲3年內應修法 （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館），中央社，2022-10-28

10.鄭景雯. 循著湯姆生腳步 走訪近150年前早期台灣. 中央通訊社. 2020-12-19 [2022-10-11].

中央研究院平埔文化資訊網

11.臺灣原住民族與世界南島語系民族的關係 （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）, 中華民國行政院原住民族委員會

12.李壬癸. 珍惜台灣南島語言. 台灣本鋪：前衛出版. 2010: 159–182. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-957-801-635-4&lt;/nowiki&gt;.

13.李壬癸. 新港文書研究. 中央研究院語言學研究所. 2010: 1–10. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-986-02-3342-1&lt;/nowiki&gt;.

14.胡家瑜. 大武壠平埔的衣飾收藏與刺繡工藝. 高雄市立歷史博物館. 2014: 2–10. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-986-04-1415-8&lt;/nowiki&gt;.

15.Tsuchida Shigeru, Yamada Yukihiro, Moriguchi Tsunekazu. Linguistic Materials of the Formosan Sinicized Populations I: Siraya and Basai. Department of Linguistics, The University of Tokyo: University of Tokyo. 1991: 8, 29.

16.劉益昌、顏廷伃. 臺灣史前史專論. 中央研究院、聯經出版公司. 2015: 258. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-986-04-6324-8&lt;/nowiki&gt;.

17.日光小林. 陳菊，我們也是原住民！小林村大武壠歌舞文化節籲早日正名. Mata Taiwan. 2016-04-12 [2016-06-16]. （原始內容存檔於2016-07-30）.

18凃順從. 《南瀛公廨誌》. 臺南縣文化局. 2002年1月. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 957-01-0250-0&lt;/nowiki&gt;.

19.Tsuchida Shigeru, Yamada Yukihiro, Moriguchi Tsunekazu. Linguistic Materials of the Formosan Sinicized Populations I: Siraya and Basai. Department of Linguistics, The University of Tokyo: University of Tokyo. 1991: 8, 29.

20.Paul Jen-kuei, Li. 珍惜台灣南島語言. Taipei: Avanguard Publishing House. 2010: 139–208. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-957-801-635-4&lt;/nowiki&gt;.

21.臺灣原住民平埔族群百年分類史系列地圖. hqq~青刊社地圖工作室. 2009-08-06 [2018-01-10]. （原始內容存檔於2018-02-11）.

22.林江義. 台東海岸加走灣馬卡道族的研究. Taipei: 國立政治大學民族研究所. 2004.

23.佟振國. 巴宰語不死 83歲嬤自編辭典. 自由時報. 2016年11月6日 [2019年1月17日]. （原始內容存檔於2019年1月17日）.

24.吳象元. 聯合國列為「語言已失傳」？台灣巴宰族回應：致力於復興傳統但有繁衍危機. 關鍵評論網. 2015年9月18日 [2019年1月17日]. （原始內容存檔於2019年1月17日）.

25.噶哈巫語復振. 噶哈巫語全球資訊網. [2019年1月17日].[永久失效連結]

26.原住民族青年陣線. 【認同我們的語言】#齊莉莎老師發言逐字稿 -原住民族青年陣線. 原住民族委員會. 2017年6月22日 [2019年1月17日]. （原始內容存檔於2021年8月16日）.

27.林家鴻. 耆老全力搶救 經費需要支持. 台灣教會公報.

28.劉秋雲. 道卡斯族語復振的困難與展望. 原住民族文獻. 2013年12月, (12期) [2019-02-18]. （原始內容存檔於2019-02-19）.

29.[1] （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）凱達格蘭族文化會議 今年著重巴賽語復振

中部平埔族群青年聯盟. 是不是平埔原住民該看DNA還是手臂那條線？3分鐘懶人包出爐，讓我們立刻尋根去！. Mata Taiwan. 2016年7月29日 [2017年10月1日]. （原始內容存檔於2017年10月1日）.

30.〈數千平埔原住民上街頭 要求正名〉，2009年5月2日

31.〈政院：修正原住民身分法，正名平埔原住民身分 （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）〉，2016年10月7日

32.行政院會通過「原住民身分法」修正草案. [2019-12-25]. （原始內容存檔於2019-12-25）.

33.存档副本. [2020-06-28]. （原始內容存檔於2020-06-29）.

34.原住民族委員會全球資訊網. [2020-05-15]. （原始內容存檔於2020-05-25）.

35.存档副本 (PDF). [2016-05-11]. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2016-10-12）.

36.林修澈，〈平埔族的分佈與人口〉，收於：潘朝成、劉益昌、施正鋒合編，《臺灣平埔族》。臺北：前衛，2003，頁25-41。

37.臺南市各區族群人口統計-西拉雅人口最新登記數據(2009年1月至4月資料). 台南市政府原住民族事務委員會. 2021-04-19 [2021-04-19]. 原始內容存檔於2021-04-19.

38.呼應蔡英文平埔政策！花蓮富里首開「鄉定原民」先例，2年過去卻不滿百人登記是發生啥事呢？. Mata Taiwan. 2016-08-25 [2018-05-29]. （原始內容存檔於2018-11-06）.

39.西拉雅平埔族註記、高市熟男266人.熟女207人. Kaohsiung City Government. 2016-09-13 [2018-05-29]. （原始內容存檔於2018-05-29）.

40.部落大小聲節目 加蚋埔部落錄製平埔議題. TITV. 2017-11-10 [2018-05-29]. （原始內容存檔於2017-12-05）.

=== Pacefadan (註釋) ===
1.化番指的是受清國政府掌控，但不用輸賦納徭的原住民，熟番則是完全受清國政府掌控差遣的原住民[3]:13。

2.除了過去學者的分類外，也有平埔族群原住民自己主張另成一族。例如原本歸類於巴宰族的牛眠山、守城、大湳、蜈蚣崙四莊居民主張他們是「噶哈巫族」[3]:15。

3.日治時期改作「蕃」。

4.例如，《噶瑪蘭廳志》（1851）就有「平埔番」一詞。

5.下分：巴賽（Basay）、雷朗（Luilang）、多囉美遠（Trobian）等3支

6.下分：道卡斯（Taokas）、巴布拉（Papora）、巴布薩（Babuza）、虎尾壟（Favorlan）等4支

按土田滋、李壬癸等語言學家的研究結果，現復振中的「西拉雅語」若以荷蘭人所留的《馬太福音》及《The Formulary of Christianity in Formosan Siraya Dialect》為基礎，則該語言應為「大滿語」。

=== Pinayaran misa’osi (延伸閱讀) ===
1.陳炎正編，1979，岸裡社史料集成。臺中：豐原一週雜誌社。

2.村上直次郎編，1995，新港文書。臺北：捷幼。

3.杜正勝，1998，景印解說番社采風圖。臺北：中央研究院歷史語言研究所。

4.洪麗完，2002，臺灣中部平埔族群古文書研究與導讀：道卡斯族崩山八社與拍瀑拉族4社（3冊）。臺中縣豐原市：臺中縣立文化中心。

5.胡家瑜主編，1999，道卡斯新港社古文書。臺北：國立臺灣大學人類學系。

6.岸裡大社文書出版編輯委員會編輯，1988，國立臺灣大學藏岸裡大社文書（5冊）。臺北：國立臺灣大學。

7.劉澤民編著，2000，大肚社古文書。南投市：臺灣省文獻委員會。

8.劉澤民編著，2002，平埔百社古文書專輯。南投市：國史館臺灣文獻館。

9.劉澤民編著，2003，大甲東西社古文書（2冊）。南投市：臺灣文獻館。

10.劉澤民、陳文添、顏義芳編譯，2001，臺灣總督府檔案平埔族關係文獻選輯。南投市：臺灣省文獻委員會。

11.三田裕次藏，1988，臺灣古文書集，張炎憲編。臺北：南天。

12.謝繼昌主編，1999，凱達格蘭古文書。臺北：國立臺灣大學人類學系。

13.宜蘭縣立文化中心編，1994，宜蘭古文書·第壹輯。宜蘭：宜蘭縣立文化中心。

14.伊能嘉矩，1996，平埔族調查旅行：伊能嘉矩&lt;臺灣通信&gt;選集，楊南郡譯註。臺北：遠流。

15.曾振名、童元昭主編，1999，噶瑪蘭西拉雅古文書。臺北：國立臺灣大學人類學系。

16.張炎憲、王世慶、李季樺主編，1993，臺灣平埔族文獻資料選集：竹塹社（上、下）。臺北：中央研究院臺灣史田野研究室。

17.莊英章主編，1988，臺灣平埔族群研究書目彙編，潘英海、翁佳音、詹素娟編輯。臺北：中研院民族學研究所。

18.李壬癸，1996，臺灣平埔族群的種類及其相互關係，見張炎憲、李筱峰、戴寶村編，臺灣史論文精選（上），頁43-68。臺北：玉山社。

19.Tsuchida, Shigeru. 1985. Kulon: Yet Another Austronesian Language in Taiwan? Bulletin of the Institute of Ethnology 60: 1-59.

20.伊能嘉矩，1904，臺灣蕃政志。臺北：臺灣總督府民政部殖產局。

21.伊能嘉矩、粟野傳之丞，1900，臺灣蕃人事情。臺北：臺灣總督府民政局文書課。

22.中央研究院平埔文化資訊網，nd, a，平埔族？平埔族群？，見平埔族群的基本認識[online]。臺北：中央研究院平埔文化資訊網。[引用於2004年11月3日]。全球資訊網網址：[2] （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）。

=== Papotalay calay (外部連結) ===</text>
      <sha1>5rn8labu8q6oj4vymejux26r6650txy</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
</mediawiki>