অসমীয়া ৱিকিপিডিয়া aswiki https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4 MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.1 first-letter মাধ্যম বিশেষ বাৰ্তা সদস্য সদস্য বাৰ্তা ৱিকিপিডিয়া ৱিকিপিডিয়া বাৰ্তা চিত্ৰ চিত্ৰ বাৰ্তা মিডিয়াৱিকি মিডিয়াৱিকি আলোচনা সাঁচ সাঁচ বাৰ্তা সহায় সহায় বাৰ্তা শ্ৰেণী শ্ৰেণী বাৰ্তা ৱিকিচ'ৰা ৱিকিচ'ৰা আলোচনা MOS MOS talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 5060 605947 365743 2026-05-12T08:20:46Z ~2026-28682-67 49824 The people were Chutias 605947 wikitext text/x-wiki {{unreferenced}} {{বিহু}} '''ফাট বিহু''' ঢকুৱাখনাৰ চাৰিকড়ীয়া নৈৰ মʼহঘূলি চাপৰিত অনুষ্ঠিত হোৱা [[বিহু]]। পূৰ্বতে ব'হাগৰ সাতবিহু যোৱাৰ পিছত [[ঢকুৱাখনা|ঢকুৱাখনাৰ]] (পূৰ্বতে [[হাবুং]]) [[হাৰ্হি দেৱালয়|হাৰ্হি দেৱালয়ত]] কেইবাটাও জনগোষ্ঠীয় লোকে একেলগ হৈ এই বিহু মাৰিছিল। বৰ্তমান ফাট বিহু ব'হাগ মাহৰ শেষৰটো শুক্ৰ, শনি আৰু দেওবাৰে তিনিদিনীয়া কাৰ্যসূচীৰে পালন কৰা হয়। ==নামৰ উৎপত্তি== ফাট শব্দটোৰ উৎপত্তিৰ বিষয়ে বিভিন্ন লোকৰ বিভিন্ন মত আছে। * জনা যায় যে ২০ শতিকাৰ শেষ ভাগৰ লৈকে ফাট বিহু ঢকুৱাখনাৰ হাৰ্হি দেৱালয়ত পালন কৰা হৈছিল। দেৱালয়ৰ ওচৰৰ লোক সকলৰ মতে সেই দেৱালয়টো শদিয়াৰ পৰা ফাটি অহা <nowiki>[[চুতীয়া জনগোষ্ঠী|চুতীয়া]]</nowiki> লোক কিছুমানে ঢকুৱাখনা লৈ আহি স্থাপন কৰিছিল। শদিয়াৰ পৰা ফাটি অহা এই বিহুকে ফাট বিহু বোলা হয়। ওচৰৰ বিভিন্ন জনগোষ্ঠীৰ লোকে নিজৰ নিজ গাঁৱত বিহু শেষ কৰি ৭ বহাগৰ দিনাখন হাৰ্হি দেৱালয়ত ফাট বিহু মাৰিছিল। পাছলৈ এই বিহু মহঘূলি চাপৰিত পতা হৈছিল। * আন কিছু লোকৰ মতে আকৌ ফাট শব্দটো তাই ভাষাৰ শব্দ হয়, যাৰ অৰ্থ হৈছে "নৈ বা গভীৰ পানী থকা ঠাইৰ দাঁতিত বেহা-বেপাৰ, কৰ-কাটল সংগ্ৰহ আদি কামৰ বাবে সমবেত হোৱা ঠাই। " অৱশ্যে এই বিষয়ে বুৰঞ্জীত একো উল্লেখ পোৱা নাযায়। যিহেতু ফাট বিহু মহঘূলি চাপৰিত ২০ শতিকাৰ শেষ ভাগত হে পাতিবলৈ লোৱা হৈছিল, গতিকে এই মত গ্ৰহণযোগ্য নহয়। ==অৱস্থিতি== [[File:'Fato bihu' entrance in Dhakuakhana, Assam.jpg|thumb|ঢকুৱাখনাৰ ফাট বিহুৰ আদৰণি তোৰণ]] [[ঢকুৱাখনা]] মহকুমা বৰ্তমান [[লখিমপুৰ জিলা]]ৰ অন্তৰ্গত যদিও ১৯৮৯ চনলৈকে ধেমাজি মহকুমাৰ অন্তৰ্গত এটা বিস্তৃত অঞ্চল আছিল। সামগ্ৰিকভাৱে ঢকুৱাখনা বুলি ক'লে ২৭.২৬ উত্তৰ অক্ষাংশ আৰু ৯৪.২৪ পূৱ দ্ৰাঘিমাংশৰ পৰা ৯৮.৪২ পূৱ দ্ৰাঘিমাংশৰ অন্তৰ্গত ভৌগোলিক এলেকাৰ ভূখণ্ডক নিৰ্দেশ কৰে। ঢকুৱাখনাৰ মাটিকালি ৬৫৯ বৰ্গকিলোমিটাৰ। ঢকুৱাখনা অঞ্চলটোক [[ব্ৰহ্মপুত্ৰ]] আৰু ইয়াৰ প্ৰধান উপনৈ সোৱণশিৰিয়ে আৱৰি আছে। বৰ্তমান ঢকুৱাখনা নগৰৰ দাঁতিয়েদি বৈ যোৱা চাৰিকড়ীয়া নৈৰ পাৰতে অনুষ্ঠিত হয় ফাট বিহু। ঔপন্যাসিক [[হোমেন বৰগোহাঞি]]য়ে তেখেতৰ ‘গৰখীয়া’ শীৰ্ষক গল্পটোত ফাট বিহু তলিৰ নামটো ম'হঘূলি চাপৰি হিচাপে নামকৰণ কৰিছিল। তেখেতে চাৰিকড়ীয়া নৈৰ উত্তৰ দিশত থকা বৰ্তমান চাৰিকড়ীয়া নৈৰ পকা দলংখনৰ পশ্চিমৰ এটি অৰণ্যময় চাপৰিৰ নাম ম'হ ঘূলি চাপৰি বুলি উল্লেখ কৰিছিল। ১৯৯৬ চনৰ পৰা চাৰিকড়ীয়া নৈৰ পাৰৰ ম'হঘূলি চাপৰিৰ শিশু গছৰ বাগিছাৰ মাজত স্থায়ীভাৱে মঞ্চ সাজি ফাট বিহু অনুষ্ঠিত হৈ আহিছে। [[File:Faat Bihu dance at Harhi dewaloi.jpg|thumb|হাৰ্হি দেৱালয়ত প্ৰতিবছৰে আয়োজিত কৰি অহা পৌৰাণিক ফাট বিহু]] ==ফাট বিহুৰ উৎপত্তি ব্যাখ্যা== ক্ষেত্ৰভিত্তিক অধ্যয়নৰ পৰা জনা যায় যে ফাট বিহু ১৬ শতিকাৰ পৰাই হাৰ্হি দেৱালয়ত উৎযাপন কৰি অহা হৈছিল। ধাৰ্মিক বিশ্বাস জড়িত থকা বাবে ওচৰৰ বিভিন্ন জনগোষ্ঠীৰ দল আহি হাৰ্হি দেৱালয়ৰ বাকৰিত বিহু নাচ প্ৰদৰ্শন কৰিছিল। বহাগৰ বিহুৰ হুঁচৰি গাওঁ বোৰত শেষ কৰি ওচৰৰ গঞা ৰাইজে ৭ বহাগৰ দিনা দেৱালয়ত আহি বিহু মাৰিছিল। ১৯৮০ৰ দশত কিছু লোকে মিলি পৃথক ভাবে "ফাট বিহু" নামকৰণ কৰি খেলপথাৰত পাতিব লৈছিল। সময়ত বিহুৰ দলসমূহে লাহে লাহে দেৱালয়ৰ পৰা আঁতৰি সেই খেলপথাৰত প্ৰদৰ্শন কৰিব ধৰিলে। আজিৰ দিনত হাৰ্হি দেৱালয়ত "ফাট বিহু" উৎযাদন কৰে যদিও আগৰ দৰে বিভিন্ন দলে হুঁচৰি মাৰিবলৈ অহা দেখা নাযায়। ২০১৩ চনৰ পাছত মিচিং জনগোষ্ঠীৰ দলবোৰেও হুঁচৰি মাৰিবলৈ এৰি দিছিল। বৰ্তমান কেৱল ওচৰৰ চুতীয়া জনগোষ্ঠীৰ লোকসকলেহে তাত হুঁচৰি মৰা দেখা যায়। আনপিনে মʼহঘূলি চাপৰিত আৰম্ভ কৰা নতুন "ফাট বিহু" অসম বিখ্যাত হৈ পৰিল। ঢকুৱাখনাৰ ফাট বিহুৰ বৈশিষ্ট্য আৰু ঐতিহাসিক দৃষ্টিকোণৰ ওপৰত ভিত্তি কৰি ফাট বিহুৰ উৎপত্তি বাখ্য সন্দৰ্ভত বিভিন্নজনে বিভিন্ন মত আগবঢ়াইছে- বিশিষ্ট বিহু গৱেষক ভৰত সন্দিকৈৰ মতে, বৰ্তমান ঢকুৱাখনালৈ দৃষ্টি নিক্ষেপ কৰিলে সহজে অনুমান কৰিব পাৰি যে অতীততে চাৰিকড়ীয়া নৈৰ পাৰত, য’ত ফাট বিহু অনুষ্ঠিত হৈছিল; তাত জনবসতি বিশেষ নাছিল। গাওঁবোৰ কিছু দুৰত আছিল। ধান-মাহৰ খেতি পথাৰৰ লগতে ছন পৰি থকা চাপৰিবোৰত থকা গছৰ তলত আৰু মুকলি পথাৰত বিহু মাৰিবলৈ বহু দুৰ-দুৰণীৰ পৰা ডেকা-গাভৰুৰ দল আহিছিল। ভাগ ভাগ হৈ বিহু মাৰিছিল শত শত বিহুদলে। কোনোও কালৈকো চাবলৈ সময়েই নাই। শত সহস্ৰ ঢোল-তাল, পেঁপা-গগনাৰ মাতত আৰু বিহুনামৰ ধ্বনিত মুখৰিত হৈ পৰিছিল আকাশ আৰু চাৰিকড়ীয়া নৈৰ দুয়োপাৰ। সময় উৰি গৈছিল কিন্তু তাৰ প্ৰতি কোৰো ভ্ৰক্ষেপ নাছিল। লানি নিছিগা দৰ্শকৰ ভীৰত গোটেই অঞ্চলটোত বিৰ দি বাট পাবলৈ নোহোৱা হৈছিল। বিহুৰ এনে অনুপম আকৰ্ষণ বা জনপ্ৰিয়তাৰ কাৰণ হ’ল- মানুহৰ আদিম প্ৰবৃত্তি ৰক্ষা আৰু বংশবৃদ্ধিৰ আকাংক্ষা নিবিড়ভাৱে জড়িত হৈ থকা। বিহুগীতসমূহ নাৰীদেহৰ ইন্দ্ৰিয়গ্ৰাহ্য আৰু ইন্দ্ৰিয়ভোগ্যৰ ৰূপৰ বৰ্ণনাৰে ভৰপূৰ নাৰী দেহৰ বন্দনাৰ এটি মাধ্যম। বুজন সংখ্যক বিহুগীত ৰচনা হৈছিল আদিম সমাজত অবাধ যৌন সম্পৰ্কৰ প্ৰচলন থকা কালতেই। {{citation needed}} [[File:Deuri Bihu performance during Faat Bihu 2023.jpg|thumb|২০২৩ চনৰ ফাটবিহুৰ তৃতীয় দিনাৰ মুকলি বিহু প্ৰতিযোগিতাত দেউৰী বিহুৰ এটা দল।]] ড॰ চন্দ্ৰধৰ চমুৱাই ফাট বিহু সম্পৰ্কীয় এখন আলেখ্যত প্ৰকাশ কৰি ফাট বিহুৰ সম্পৰ্কত কৈছে যে, “লুইতপৰীয়া মিছিং ডেকা গাভৰুসকলে ৰং বিৰংৰ পোচাকেৰে ফাট বিহুলৈ ভাগি-ভুঁহৰি আহিছিল বুলি প্ৰকাশ কৰি কৈছে যে, দিনৰ ভাগত বাটৰ কাষত কিম্বা বৰচাপৰি-ম’হঘূলি চাপৰিৰ গছৰ তলত এই বিহু কৰিছিল। পশ্চিমীয়া, বিশেষকৈ বঙ্গীয় সংস্কৃতিৰ প্ৰভাৱত আঢ্যৱন্ত বা সম্ভ্ৰান্ত পৰিয়ালৰ জ্যেষ্ঠ লোকে বিহুৰ নৃত্য গীতক অৱজ্ঞাৰ চকুৰে চাইছিল। সেয়েহে ৰাতি বিহুলৈ ডেকা গাভৰু ওলাই যোৱাটোক বিহু জুপিবলৈ যোৱা বুলি কোৱা হৈছিল। পিছে অনুন্নত সম্প্ৰদায়ৰ ডেকা-গাভৰুৰ মাজত আছিল বিহুৰ প্ৰকৃত প্ৰাণ-প্ৰাচুৰ্য আৰু ঢকুৱাখনাৰ ফাট বিহুৰ প্ৰাণকেন্দ্ৰই আছিল চুতীয়া আৰু মিচিং সম্প্ৰদায়ৰ লোক”। {{citation needed}} সু-সাহিত্যক তথা সাংবাদিক [[হোমেন বৰগোহাঞি]]য়ে এই সম্পৰ্কত লিখিছে যে- “ফাট বিহু ঢকুৱাখনাৰ এটা নিজস্ব উৎসৱ। ঢকুৱাখনাৰ চাৰিওফালে অসংখ্য মিচিং গাওঁ আছে। প্ৰতি বছৰে ব’হাগ বিহুৰ সময়ত বিহু বলীয়া মিচিং ডেকা গাভৰুৱে দল বান্ধি ঢকুৱাখনাৰ চাৰিকড়ীয়া নৈৰ পাৰত বিহু মাৰিবলৈ আহে। এই বিহু চাবলৈ গাওঁ ভুঁই ভাঁহি ভুহৰি আহি হাজাৰ হাজাৰ মানুহ ঢকুৱাখনাত জমা হয়। ঠাইখন লোকে লোকাৰণ্য হয়। সাতদিন সাতৰাতি এই বিহু চলে। কেৱল যে মিচিংসকলেই এই বিহু উৎসৱত অংশ লয় এনে নহয়, ঢকুৱাখনাৰ আহোম, চুতীয়া, কৈৱৰ্ত্ত্য আদি সকলো সম্প্ৰদায়ৰ মানুহেই আনন্দৰ এই বলিয়া বানত নিজক উটুৱাই দিয়ে”। {{citation needed}} ==ক্ৰমবিকাশ== ক্ষেত্ৰভিত্তিক অধ্যয়নৰ পৰা গম পোৱা যায় যে ফাট বিহু ১৬ শতিকাৰ পৰাই হাৰ্হি দেৱালয়ত পতা হৈছিল। শদিয়াৰ পৰা কিছু লোকে ঢকুৱাখনা লৈ আহি হাৰ্হি দেৱালয় স্থাপন কৰিছিল আৰু বহাগৰ প্ৰথম সপ্তাহত থানত বলি দি বিহু উৎযাপন কৰিছিল। ধৰ্মীয় ৰীতি-নীতিৰ মতে এই বিহু পালন কৰা হৈছিল বাবে ওচৰৰ সকলো জনগোষ্ঠীৰ লোকে আগভাগ লৈছিল। দেৱালয়ৰ সেই ফাট বিহু ১৯১৮ চনত স্তব্ধ হৈ পৰিছিল। ইয়াৰ প্ৰামাণিক কাৰণ হ'ল- প্ৰথম বিশ্ব যুদ্ধৰ যেতিয়া অৱসান ঘটিল, তেতিয়া সেই যুদ্ধত ইংৰাজ হাৰিল বুলি এটা উৰাবাতৰি ওলাল। তেতিয়া ঢকুৱাখনাৰ আশে পাশে থকা মিচিং সম্প্ৰদায়ৰ মাজত এটা জনৰৱ উঠিল যে তেওঁলোক স্বাধীন হ'ল। সেয়ে মোহন গাম নামৰ এজন মিচিং প্ৰতাপী লোকৰ নেতৃত্বত ঢকুৱাখনা অঞ্চলত থকা মাৰোৱাৰী দোকানবোৰত লুটপাত আৰম্ভ কৰি দিলে। এই লুটপাতৰ ফলত ফাট বিহু স্তব্ধ হৈ পৰিছিল যদিও পাছলৈ আকৌ আৰম্ভ কৰা হৈছিল। আজিও সেই দেৱালয়ত আগৰ দৰে ৭ বহাগত ফাট বিহ পতা হয়। ১৯৮৬ চনত এচাম লোকে ঢকুৱাখনাৰ চৰকাৰী মজলীয়া বিদ্যালয়ৰ খেলপথাৰত গছৰ ডাল ৰুই "ফাট বিহু" বুলি নামকৰণ কৰি নতুনকৈ বিহু পাতিব লৈছিল। ১৯৮৯ৰ পৰা ১৯৯২ চনৰ লৈকে ঢকুৱাখনা কলেজৰ বিপৰীতে থকা মূগা ফাৰ্মত এই বিহু পাতিছিল। তাৰ পৰা আকৌ চৰকাৰী খেল পথাৰলৈ লৈ অনা হৈছিল। পৰৱৰ্তী সময়ত ১৯৯৬ চনৰ পৰা চাৰিকড়ীয়া নৈৰ পাৰৰ মনোমোহা মহঘূলি চাপৰিৰ শিশু গছৰ বাগিছাৰ মাজত স্থায়ীভাৱে মঞ্চ সাজি ফাট বিহু অনুষ্ঠিত হৈ আহিছে।<ref>কলিতা, জিতৰাম, "ঢকুৱাখনা মহকুমাৰ ঠাইৰ নামৰ ইতিবৃত্ত",p.8.</ref> বিভিন্ন ঠাইত অনুষ্ঠিত হোৱা ব’হাগ বিহুতকৈ ঢকুৱাখনাৰ ফাট বিহু যিকেইটা দিশত বৈচিত্ৰ্যময় সেই দিশকেইটাৰ অন্যতম হ’ল ইয়াৰ প্ৰাকৃতিক সৌন্দৰ্য, ঠাই-ঐতিহ্য, বৈশিষ্ট্যপূৰ্ণ বিহুনাচ, মন-পৰশা সুৰত বিহুনাম আৰু জাতনাম, হুঁচৰি, পোছাক-পৰিচ্ছদ, বিভিন্ন জনগোষ্ঠীৰ অংশ গ্ৰহণ আদি। <!-- এই অংশটোৰ গুৰুত্ব সম্পৰ্কে সন্দেহ আছে ==ফাট বিহুৰ মুখপত্ৰ বিহুৱান== ১৯৬৭ চনৰ পৰা ঢকুৱাখনাৰ ফাট বিহু নতুন ৰূপত ঢকুৱাখনাৰ সৰ্বস্তৰৰ লোকৰ সমন্বয়ত প্ৰাণ পাই উঠিল আৰু প্ৰকাশ পাবলৈ ধৰিলে ‘বিহুৱান’ শীৰ্ষক বছৰেকীয়া মুখপত্ৰ। ১৯৭৬চনৰ পৰা বৰ্তমানলৈকে বিহুৱানৰ সম্পাদক সকলৰ নাম তালিকা- ক্ৰমিক নং বিহুৱানৰ সম্পাদক চন ১ ছৱিলাল জৈন ১৯৭৬ ২ শিৱপ্ৰসাদ গগৈ ১৯৭৭ ৩ তিলেন চমুৱা ১৯৭৯ ৪ জয়চন্দ্ৰ হাজৰিকা ১৯৮০ ৫ ডাঃ বিদ্যেশ্বৰ দলে ১৯৮১ ৬ ভৰত বৰুৱা আৰু কোষেশ্বৰ চমুৱা ১৯৮২ ৭ প্ৰাঞ্জল চমুৱা ১৯৮৫ ৮ বিষ্ণু বৰবৰা ১৯৮৬ ৯ নন্দ চুতীয়া ১৯৮৮ ১৯৮৯ ৰ পৰা ১৯৯৮ লৈ বিহুৱান প্ৰকাশ হোৱা নাছিল ১০ অমিয় কুমাৰ সন্দিকৈ ১৯৯৯ ১১ বিদ্যা দত্ত ২০০০ ১২ অমিয় কুমাৰ সন্দিকৈ ২০০১ ১৩ জগদীশ গগৈ ২০০২ ১৪ ড॰ জিতৰাম কলিতা ২০০৩ ১৫ শিৱ প্ৰসাদ গগৈ ২০০৪ ১৬ শিৱ প্ৰদাস গগৈ ২০০৫ ১৭ পূৰ্ণানন্দ গগৈ ২০০৬ ১৮ ড॰ জিতৰাম কলিতা ২০০৭ ১৯ মৌচুমী গগৈ হাতীবৰুৱা ২০০৮ ২০ ডিম্বেশ্বৰ গগৈ ২০০৯ ২১ শিৱপ্ৰসাদ গগৈ ২০১০ ২২ জিতু কুমাৰ চমুৱা ২০১১ ২৩ কুশল গগৈ ২০১২ ২৪ ২০১৩ ২৫ ২০১৪ ২৬ ২০১৫ <ref> অসম অভিধান, শান্তনু কৌশিক বৰুৱা, বনলতা (ইউনিকোড ৰূপান্তৰ:পঙ্কজ বৰুৱা) </ref> <ref> বিহুৱান, মুখপত্ৰ, ফাট বিহু, ঢকুৱাখনা </ref> <ref> আকাশ প্ৰিয়মৰ ফাট বিহু বিষয়ক লেখা </ref>--> ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== {{reflist}} [[শ্ৰেণী:বিহু]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ঢকুৱাখনা]] dqf07hyt9w76tpek6wokc6e6tkibl0t 605948 605947 2026-05-12T08:22:10Z Ananya Taye 28065 /* নামৰ উৎপত্তি */ 605948 wikitext text/x-wiki {{unreferenced}} {{বিহু}} '''ফাট বিহু''' ঢকুৱাখনাৰ চাৰিকড়ীয়া নৈৰ মʼহঘূলি চাপৰিত অনুষ্ঠিত হোৱা [[বিহু]]। পূৰ্বতে ব'হাগৰ সাতবিহু যোৱাৰ পিছত [[ঢকুৱাখনা|ঢকুৱাখনাৰ]] (পূৰ্বতে [[হাবুং]]) [[হাৰ্হি দেৱালয়|হাৰ্হি দেৱালয়ত]] কেইবাটাও জনগোষ্ঠীয় লোকে একেলগ হৈ এই বিহু মাৰিছিল। বৰ্তমান ফাট বিহু ব'হাগ মাহৰ শেষৰটো শুক্ৰ, শনি আৰু দেওবাৰে তিনিদিনীয়া কাৰ্যসূচীৰে পালন কৰা হয়। ==নামৰ উৎপত্তি== ফাট শব্দটোৰ উৎপত্তিৰ বিষয়ে বিভিন্ন লোকৰ বিভিন্ন মত আছে। * জনা যায় যে ২০ শতিকাৰ শেষ ভাগৰ লৈকে ফাট বিহু ঢকুৱাখনাৰ হাৰ্হি দেৱালয়ত পালন কৰা হৈছিল। দেৱালয়ৰ ওচৰৰ লোক সকলৰ মতে সেই দেৱালয়টো শদিয়াৰ পৰা ফাটি অহা [[চুতীয়া জনগোষ্ঠী|চুতীয়া]] লোক কিছুমানে ঢকুৱাখনা লৈ আহি স্থাপন কৰিছিল। শদিয়াৰ পৰা ফাটি অহা এই বিহুকে ফাট বিহু বোলা হয়। ওচৰৰ বিভিন্ন জনগোষ্ঠীৰ লোকে নিজৰ নিজ গাঁৱত বিহু শেষ কৰি ৭ বহাগৰ দিনাখন হাৰ্হি দেৱালয়ত ফাট বিহু মাৰিছিল। পাছলৈ এই বিহু মহঘূলি চাপৰিত পতা হৈছিল। * আন কিছু লোকৰ মতে আকৌ ফাট শব্দটো তাই ভাষাৰ শব্দ হয়, যাৰ অৰ্থ হৈছে "নৈ বা গভীৰ পানী থকা ঠাইৰ দাঁতিত বেহা-বেপাৰ, কৰ-কাটল সংগ্ৰহ আদি কামৰ বাবে সমবেত হোৱা ঠাই। " অৱশ্যে এই বিষয়ে বুৰঞ্জীত একো উল্লেখ পোৱা নাযায়। যিহেতু ফাট বিহু মহঘূলি চাপৰিত ২০ শতিকাৰ শেষ ভাগত হে পাতিবলৈ লোৱা হৈছিল, গতিকে এই মত গ্ৰহণযোগ্য নহয়। ==অৱস্থিতি== [[File:'Fato bihu' entrance in Dhakuakhana, Assam.jpg|thumb|ঢকুৱাখনাৰ ফাট বিহুৰ আদৰণি তোৰণ]] [[ঢকুৱাখনা]] মহকুমা বৰ্তমান [[লখিমপুৰ জিলা]]ৰ অন্তৰ্গত যদিও ১৯৮৯ চনলৈকে ধেমাজি মহকুমাৰ অন্তৰ্গত এটা বিস্তৃত অঞ্চল আছিল। সামগ্ৰিকভাৱে ঢকুৱাখনা বুলি ক'লে ২৭.২৬ উত্তৰ অক্ষাংশ আৰু ৯৪.২৪ পূৱ দ্ৰাঘিমাংশৰ পৰা ৯৮.৪২ পূৱ দ্ৰাঘিমাংশৰ অন্তৰ্গত ভৌগোলিক এলেকাৰ ভূখণ্ডক নিৰ্দেশ কৰে। ঢকুৱাখনাৰ মাটিকালি ৬৫৯ বৰ্গকিলোমিটাৰ। ঢকুৱাখনা অঞ্চলটোক [[ব্ৰহ্মপুত্ৰ]] আৰু ইয়াৰ প্ৰধান উপনৈ সোৱণশিৰিয়ে আৱৰি আছে। বৰ্তমান ঢকুৱাখনা নগৰৰ দাঁতিয়েদি বৈ যোৱা চাৰিকড়ীয়া নৈৰ পাৰতে অনুষ্ঠিত হয় ফাট বিহু। ঔপন্যাসিক [[হোমেন বৰগোহাঞি]]য়ে তেখেতৰ ‘গৰখীয়া’ শীৰ্ষক গল্পটোত ফাট বিহু তলিৰ নামটো ম'হঘূলি চাপৰি হিচাপে নামকৰণ কৰিছিল। তেখেতে চাৰিকড়ীয়া নৈৰ উত্তৰ দিশত থকা বৰ্তমান চাৰিকড়ীয়া নৈৰ পকা দলংখনৰ পশ্চিমৰ এটি অৰণ্যময় চাপৰিৰ নাম ম'হ ঘূলি চাপৰি বুলি উল্লেখ কৰিছিল। ১৯৯৬ চনৰ পৰা চাৰিকড়ীয়া নৈৰ পাৰৰ ম'হঘূলি চাপৰিৰ শিশু গছৰ বাগিছাৰ মাজত স্থায়ীভাৱে মঞ্চ সাজি ফাট বিহু অনুষ্ঠিত হৈ আহিছে। [[File:Faat Bihu dance at Harhi dewaloi.jpg|thumb|হাৰ্হি দেৱালয়ত প্ৰতিবছৰে আয়োজিত কৰি অহা পৌৰাণিক ফাট বিহু]] ==ফাট বিহুৰ উৎপত্তি ব্যাখ্যা== ক্ষেত্ৰভিত্তিক অধ্যয়নৰ পৰা জনা যায় যে ফাট বিহু ১৬ শতিকাৰ পৰাই হাৰ্হি দেৱালয়ত উৎযাপন কৰি অহা হৈছিল। ধাৰ্মিক বিশ্বাস জড়িত থকা বাবে ওচৰৰ বিভিন্ন জনগোষ্ঠীৰ দল আহি হাৰ্হি দেৱালয়ৰ বাকৰিত বিহু নাচ প্ৰদৰ্শন কৰিছিল। বহাগৰ বিহুৰ হুঁচৰি গাওঁ বোৰত শেষ কৰি ওচৰৰ গঞা ৰাইজে ৭ বহাগৰ দিনা দেৱালয়ত আহি বিহু মাৰিছিল। ১৯৮০ৰ দশত কিছু লোকে মিলি পৃথক ভাবে "ফাট বিহু" নামকৰণ কৰি খেলপথাৰত পাতিব লৈছিল। সময়ত বিহুৰ দলসমূহে লাহে লাহে দেৱালয়ৰ পৰা আঁতৰি সেই খেলপথাৰত প্ৰদৰ্শন কৰিব ধৰিলে। আজিৰ দিনত হাৰ্হি দেৱালয়ত "ফাট বিহু" উৎযাদন কৰে যদিও আগৰ দৰে বিভিন্ন দলে হুঁচৰি মাৰিবলৈ অহা দেখা নাযায়। ২০১৩ চনৰ পাছত মিচিং জনগোষ্ঠীৰ দলবোৰেও হুঁচৰি মাৰিবলৈ এৰি দিছিল। বৰ্তমান কেৱল ওচৰৰ চুতীয়া জনগোষ্ঠীৰ লোকসকলেহে তাত হুঁচৰি মৰা দেখা যায়। আনপিনে মʼহঘূলি চাপৰিত আৰম্ভ কৰা নতুন "ফাট বিহু" অসম বিখ্যাত হৈ পৰিল। ঢকুৱাখনাৰ ফাট বিহুৰ বৈশিষ্ট্য আৰু ঐতিহাসিক দৃষ্টিকোণৰ ওপৰত ভিত্তি কৰি ফাট বিহুৰ উৎপত্তি বাখ্য সন্দৰ্ভত বিভিন্নজনে বিভিন্ন মত আগবঢ়াইছে- বিশিষ্ট বিহু গৱেষক ভৰত সন্দিকৈৰ মতে, বৰ্তমান ঢকুৱাখনালৈ দৃষ্টি নিক্ষেপ কৰিলে সহজে অনুমান কৰিব পাৰি যে অতীততে চাৰিকড়ীয়া নৈৰ পাৰত, য’ত ফাট বিহু অনুষ্ঠিত হৈছিল; তাত জনবসতি বিশেষ নাছিল। গাওঁবোৰ কিছু দুৰত আছিল। ধান-মাহৰ খেতি পথাৰৰ লগতে ছন পৰি থকা চাপৰিবোৰত থকা গছৰ তলত আৰু মুকলি পথাৰত বিহু মাৰিবলৈ বহু দুৰ-দুৰণীৰ পৰা ডেকা-গাভৰুৰ দল আহিছিল। ভাগ ভাগ হৈ বিহু মাৰিছিল শত শত বিহুদলে। কোনোও কালৈকো চাবলৈ সময়েই নাই। শত সহস্ৰ ঢোল-তাল, পেঁপা-গগনাৰ মাতত আৰু বিহুনামৰ ধ্বনিত মুখৰিত হৈ পৰিছিল আকাশ আৰু চাৰিকড়ীয়া নৈৰ দুয়োপাৰ। সময় উৰি গৈছিল কিন্তু তাৰ প্ৰতি কোৰো ভ্ৰক্ষেপ নাছিল। লানি নিছিগা দৰ্শকৰ ভীৰত গোটেই অঞ্চলটোত বিৰ দি বাট পাবলৈ নোহোৱা হৈছিল। বিহুৰ এনে অনুপম আকৰ্ষণ বা জনপ্ৰিয়তাৰ কাৰণ হ’ল- মানুহৰ আদিম প্ৰবৃত্তি ৰক্ষা আৰু বংশবৃদ্ধিৰ আকাংক্ষা নিবিড়ভাৱে জড়িত হৈ থকা। বিহুগীতসমূহ নাৰীদেহৰ ইন্দ্ৰিয়গ্ৰাহ্য আৰু ইন্দ্ৰিয়ভোগ্যৰ ৰূপৰ বৰ্ণনাৰে ভৰপূৰ নাৰী দেহৰ বন্দনাৰ এটি মাধ্যম। বুজন সংখ্যক বিহুগীত ৰচনা হৈছিল আদিম সমাজত অবাধ যৌন সম্পৰ্কৰ প্ৰচলন থকা কালতেই। {{citation needed}} [[File:Deuri Bihu performance during Faat Bihu 2023.jpg|thumb|২০২৩ চনৰ ফাটবিহুৰ তৃতীয় দিনাৰ মুকলি বিহু প্ৰতিযোগিতাত দেউৰী বিহুৰ এটা দল।]] ড॰ চন্দ্ৰধৰ চমুৱাই ফাট বিহু সম্পৰ্কীয় এখন আলেখ্যত প্ৰকাশ কৰি ফাট বিহুৰ সম্পৰ্কত কৈছে যে, “লুইতপৰীয়া মিছিং ডেকা গাভৰুসকলে ৰং বিৰংৰ পোচাকেৰে ফাট বিহুলৈ ভাগি-ভুঁহৰি আহিছিল বুলি প্ৰকাশ কৰি কৈছে যে, দিনৰ ভাগত বাটৰ কাষত কিম্বা বৰচাপৰি-ম’হঘূলি চাপৰিৰ গছৰ তলত এই বিহু কৰিছিল। পশ্চিমীয়া, বিশেষকৈ বঙ্গীয় সংস্কৃতিৰ প্ৰভাৱত আঢ্যৱন্ত বা সম্ভ্ৰান্ত পৰিয়ালৰ জ্যেষ্ঠ লোকে বিহুৰ নৃত্য গীতক অৱজ্ঞাৰ চকুৰে চাইছিল। সেয়েহে ৰাতি বিহুলৈ ডেকা গাভৰু ওলাই যোৱাটোক বিহু জুপিবলৈ যোৱা বুলি কোৱা হৈছিল। পিছে অনুন্নত সম্প্ৰদায়ৰ ডেকা-গাভৰুৰ মাজত আছিল বিহুৰ প্ৰকৃত প্ৰাণ-প্ৰাচুৰ্য আৰু ঢকুৱাখনাৰ ফাট বিহুৰ প্ৰাণকেন্দ্ৰই আছিল চুতীয়া আৰু মিচিং সম্প্ৰদায়ৰ লোক”। {{citation needed}} সু-সাহিত্যক তথা সাংবাদিক [[হোমেন বৰগোহাঞি]]য়ে এই সম্পৰ্কত লিখিছে যে- “ফাট বিহু ঢকুৱাখনাৰ এটা নিজস্ব উৎসৱ। ঢকুৱাখনাৰ চাৰিওফালে অসংখ্য মিচিং গাওঁ আছে। প্ৰতি বছৰে ব’হাগ বিহুৰ সময়ত বিহু বলীয়া মিচিং ডেকা গাভৰুৱে দল বান্ধি ঢকুৱাখনাৰ চাৰিকড়ীয়া নৈৰ পাৰত বিহু মাৰিবলৈ আহে। এই বিহু চাবলৈ গাওঁ ভুঁই ভাঁহি ভুহৰি আহি হাজাৰ হাজাৰ মানুহ ঢকুৱাখনাত জমা হয়। ঠাইখন লোকে লোকাৰণ্য হয়। সাতদিন সাতৰাতি এই বিহু চলে। কেৱল যে মিচিংসকলেই এই বিহু উৎসৱত অংশ লয় এনে নহয়, ঢকুৱাখনাৰ আহোম, চুতীয়া, কৈৱৰ্ত্ত্য আদি সকলো সম্প্ৰদায়ৰ মানুহেই আনন্দৰ এই বলিয়া বানত নিজক উটুৱাই দিয়ে”। {{citation needed}} ==ক্ৰমবিকাশ== ক্ষেত্ৰভিত্তিক অধ্যয়নৰ পৰা গম পোৱা যায় যে ফাট বিহু ১৬ শতিকাৰ পৰাই হাৰ্হি দেৱালয়ত পতা হৈছিল। শদিয়াৰ পৰা কিছু লোকে ঢকুৱাখনা লৈ আহি হাৰ্হি দেৱালয় স্থাপন কৰিছিল আৰু বহাগৰ প্ৰথম সপ্তাহত থানত বলি দি বিহু উৎযাপন কৰিছিল। ধৰ্মীয় ৰীতি-নীতিৰ মতে এই বিহু পালন কৰা হৈছিল বাবে ওচৰৰ সকলো জনগোষ্ঠীৰ লোকে আগভাগ লৈছিল। দেৱালয়ৰ সেই ফাট বিহু ১৯১৮ চনত স্তব্ধ হৈ পৰিছিল। ইয়াৰ প্ৰামাণিক কাৰণ হ'ল- প্ৰথম বিশ্ব যুদ্ধৰ যেতিয়া অৱসান ঘটিল, তেতিয়া সেই যুদ্ধত ইংৰাজ হাৰিল বুলি এটা উৰাবাতৰি ওলাল। তেতিয়া ঢকুৱাখনাৰ আশে পাশে থকা মিচিং সম্প্ৰদায়ৰ মাজত এটা জনৰৱ উঠিল যে তেওঁলোক স্বাধীন হ'ল। সেয়ে মোহন গাম নামৰ এজন মিচিং প্ৰতাপী লোকৰ নেতৃত্বত ঢকুৱাখনা অঞ্চলত থকা মাৰোৱাৰী দোকানবোৰত লুটপাত আৰম্ভ কৰি দিলে। এই লুটপাতৰ ফলত ফাট বিহু স্তব্ধ হৈ পৰিছিল যদিও পাছলৈ আকৌ আৰম্ভ কৰা হৈছিল। আজিও সেই দেৱালয়ত আগৰ দৰে ৭ বহাগত ফাট বিহ পতা হয়। ১৯৮৬ চনত এচাম লোকে ঢকুৱাখনাৰ চৰকাৰী মজলীয়া বিদ্যালয়ৰ খেলপথাৰত গছৰ ডাল ৰুই "ফাট বিহু" বুলি নামকৰণ কৰি নতুনকৈ বিহু পাতিব লৈছিল। ১৯৮৯ৰ পৰা ১৯৯২ চনৰ লৈকে ঢকুৱাখনা কলেজৰ বিপৰীতে থকা মূগা ফাৰ্মত এই বিহু পাতিছিল। তাৰ পৰা আকৌ চৰকাৰী খেল পথাৰলৈ লৈ অনা হৈছিল। পৰৱৰ্তী সময়ত ১৯৯৬ চনৰ পৰা চাৰিকড়ীয়া নৈৰ পাৰৰ মনোমোহা মহঘূলি চাপৰিৰ শিশু গছৰ বাগিছাৰ মাজত স্থায়ীভাৱে মঞ্চ সাজি ফাট বিহু অনুষ্ঠিত হৈ আহিছে।<ref>কলিতা, জিতৰাম, "ঢকুৱাখনা মহকুমাৰ ঠাইৰ নামৰ ইতিবৃত্ত",p.8.</ref> বিভিন্ন ঠাইত অনুষ্ঠিত হোৱা ব’হাগ বিহুতকৈ ঢকুৱাখনাৰ ফাট বিহু যিকেইটা দিশত বৈচিত্ৰ্যময় সেই দিশকেইটাৰ অন্যতম হ’ল ইয়াৰ প্ৰাকৃতিক সৌন্দৰ্য, ঠাই-ঐতিহ্য, বৈশিষ্ট্যপূৰ্ণ বিহুনাচ, মন-পৰশা সুৰত বিহুনাম আৰু জাতনাম, হুঁচৰি, পোছাক-পৰিচ্ছদ, বিভিন্ন জনগোষ্ঠীৰ অংশ গ্ৰহণ আদি। <!-- এই অংশটোৰ গুৰুত্ব সম্পৰ্কে সন্দেহ আছে ==ফাট বিহুৰ মুখপত্ৰ বিহুৱান== ১৯৬৭ চনৰ পৰা ঢকুৱাখনাৰ ফাট বিহু নতুন ৰূপত ঢকুৱাখনাৰ সৰ্বস্তৰৰ লোকৰ সমন্বয়ত প্ৰাণ পাই উঠিল আৰু প্ৰকাশ পাবলৈ ধৰিলে ‘বিহুৱান’ শীৰ্ষক বছৰেকীয়া মুখপত্ৰ। ১৯৭৬চনৰ পৰা বৰ্তমানলৈকে বিহুৱানৰ সম্পাদক সকলৰ নাম তালিকা- ক্ৰমিক নং বিহুৱানৰ সম্পাদক চন ১ ছৱিলাল জৈন ১৯৭৬ ২ শিৱপ্ৰসাদ গগৈ ১৯৭৭ ৩ তিলেন চমুৱা ১৯৭৯ ৪ জয়চন্দ্ৰ হাজৰিকা ১৯৮০ ৫ ডাঃ বিদ্যেশ্বৰ দলে ১৯৮১ ৬ ভৰত বৰুৱা আৰু কোষেশ্বৰ চমুৱা ১৯৮২ ৭ প্ৰাঞ্জল চমুৱা ১৯৮৫ ৮ বিষ্ণু বৰবৰা ১৯৮৬ ৯ নন্দ চুতীয়া ১৯৮৮ ১৯৮৯ ৰ পৰা ১৯৯৮ লৈ বিহুৱান প্ৰকাশ হোৱা নাছিল ১০ অমিয় কুমাৰ সন্দিকৈ ১৯৯৯ ১১ বিদ্যা দত্ত ২০০০ ১২ অমিয় কুমাৰ সন্দিকৈ ২০০১ ১৩ জগদীশ গগৈ ২০০২ ১৪ ড॰ জিতৰাম কলিতা ২০০৩ ১৫ শিৱ প্ৰসাদ গগৈ ২০০৪ ১৬ শিৱ প্ৰদাস গগৈ ২০০৫ ১৭ পূৰ্ণানন্দ গগৈ ২০০৬ ১৮ ড॰ জিতৰাম কলিতা ২০০৭ ১৯ মৌচুমী গগৈ হাতীবৰুৱা ২০০৮ ২০ ডিম্বেশ্বৰ গগৈ ২০০৯ ২১ শিৱপ্ৰসাদ গগৈ ২০১০ ২২ জিতু কুমাৰ চমুৱা ২০১১ ২৩ কুশল গগৈ ২০১২ ২৪ ২০১৩ ২৫ ২০১৪ ২৬ ২০১৫ <ref> অসম অভিধান, শান্তনু কৌশিক বৰুৱা, বনলতা (ইউনিকোড ৰূপান্তৰ:পঙ্কজ বৰুৱা) </ref> <ref> বিহুৱান, মুখপত্ৰ, ফাট বিহু, ঢকুৱাখনা </ref> <ref> আকাশ প্ৰিয়মৰ ফাট বিহু বিষয়ক লেখা </ref>--> ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== {{reflist}} [[শ্ৰেণী:বিহু]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ঢকুৱাখনা]] mwg4pnwzkxtubo3x5kxuh1db85ysr5w 605949 605948 2026-05-12T08:23:28Z Ananya Taye 28065 /* ফাট বিহুৰ উৎপত্তি ব্যাখ্যা */ Unsourced content removed 605949 wikitext text/x-wiki {{unreferenced}} {{বিহু}} '''ফাট বিহু''' ঢকুৱাখনাৰ চাৰিকড়ীয়া নৈৰ মʼহঘূলি চাপৰিত অনুষ্ঠিত হোৱা [[বিহু]]। পূৰ্বতে ব'হাগৰ সাতবিহু যোৱাৰ পিছত [[ঢকুৱাখনা|ঢকুৱাখনাৰ]] (পূৰ্বতে [[হাবুং]]) [[হাৰ্হি দেৱালয়|হাৰ্হি দেৱালয়ত]] কেইবাটাও জনগোষ্ঠীয় লোকে একেলগ হৈ এই বিহু মাৰিছিল। বৰ্তমান ফাট বিহু ব'হাগ মাহৰ শেষৰটো শুক্ৰ, শনি আৰু দেওবাৰে তিনিদিনীয়া কাৰ্যসূচীৰে পালন কৰা হয়। ==নামৰ উৎপত্তি== ফাট শব্দটোৰ উৎপত্তিৰ বিষয়ে বিভিন্ন লোকৰ বিভিন্ন মত আছে। * জনা যায় যে ২০ শতিকাৰ শেষ ভাগৰ লৈকে ফাট বিহু ঢকুৱাখনাৰ হাৰ্হি দেৱালয়ত পালন কৰা হৈছিল। দেৱালয়ৰ ওচৰৰ লোক সকলৰ মতে সেই দেৱালয়টো শদিয়াৰ পৰা ফাটি অহা [[চুতীয়া জনগোষ্ঠী|চুতীয়া]] লোক কিছুমানে ঢকুৱাখনা লৈ আহি স্থাপন কৰিছিল। শদিয়াৰ পৰা ফাটি অহা এই বিহুকে ফাট বিহু বোলা হয়। ওচৰৰ বিভিন্ন জনগোষ্ঠীৰ লোকে নিজৰ নিজ গাঁৱত বিহু শেষ কৰি ৭ বহাগৰ দিনাখন হাৰ্হি দেৱালয়ত ফাট বিহু মাৰিছিল। পাছলৈ এই বিহু মহঘূলি চাপৰিত পতা হৈছিল। * আন কিছু লোকৰ মতে আকৌ ফাট শব্দটো তাই ভাষাৰ শব্দ হয়, যাৰ অৰ্থ হৈছে "নৈ বা গভীৰ পানী থকা ঠাইৰ দাঁতিত বেহা-বেপাৰ, কৰ-কাটল সংগ্ৰহ আদি কামৰ বাবে সমবেত হোৱা ঠাই। " অৱশ্যে এই বিষয়ে বুৰঞ্জীত একো উল্লেখ পোৱা নাযায়। যিহেতু ফাট বিহু মহঘূলি চাপৰিত ২০ শতিকাৰ শেষ ভাগত হে পাতিবলৈ লোৱা হৈছিল, গতিকে এই মত গ্ৰহণযোগ্য নহয়। ==অৱস্থিতি== [[File:'Fato bihu' entrance in Dhakuakhana, Assam.jpg|thumb|ঢকুৱাখনাৰ ফাট বিহুৰ আদৰণি তোৰণ]] [[ঢকুৱাখনা]] মহকুমা বৰ্তমান [[লখিমপুৰ জিলা]]ৰ অন্তৰ্গত যদিও ১৯৮৯ চনলৈকে ধেমাজি মহকুমাৰ অন্তৰ্গত এটা বিস্তৃত অঞ্চল আছিল। সামগ্ৰিকভাৱে ঢকুৱাখনা বুলি ক'লে ২৭.২৬ উত্তৰ অক্ষাংশ আৰু ৯৪.২৪ পূৱ দ্ৰাঘিমাংশৰ পৰা ৯৮.৪২ পূৱ দ্ৰাঘিমাংশৰ অন্তৰ্গত ভৌগোলিক এলেকাৰ ভূখণ্ডক নিৰ্দেশ কৰে। ঢকুৱাখনাৰ মাটিকালি ৬৫৯ বৰ্গকিলোমিটাৰ। ঢকুৱাখনা অঞ্চলটোক [[ব্ৰহ্মপুত্ৰ]] আৰু ইয়াৰ প্ৰধান উপনৈ সোৱণশিৰিয়ে আৱৰি আছে। বৰ্তমান ঢকুৱাখনা নগৰৰ দাঁতিয়েদি বৈ যোৱা চাৰিকড়ীয়া নৈৰ পাৰতে অনুষ্ঠিত হয় ফাট বিহু। ঔপন্যাসিক [[হোমেন বৰগোহাঞি]]য়ে তেখেতৰ ‘গৰখীয়া’ শীৰ্ষক গল্পটোত ফাট বিহু তলিৰ নামটো ম'হঘূলি চাপৰি হিচাপে নামকৰণ কৰিছিল। তেখেতে চাৰিকড়ীয়া নৈৰ উত্তৰ দিশত থকা বৰ্তমান চাৰিকড়ীয়া নৈৰ পকা দলংখনৰ পশ্চিমৰ এটি অৰণ্যময় চাপৰিৰ নাম ম'হ ঘূলি চাপৰি বুলি উল্লেখ কৰিছিল। ১৯৯৬ চনৰ পৰা চাৰিকড়ীয়া নৈৰ পাৰৰ ম'হঘূলি চাপৰিৰ শিশু গছৰ বাগিছাৰ মাজত স্থায়ীভাৱে মঞ্চ সাজি ফাট বিহু অনুষ্ঠিত হৈ আহিছে। [[File:Faat Bihu dance at Harhi dewaloi.jpg|thumb|হাৰ্হি দেৱালয়ত প্ৰতিবছৰে আয়োজিত কৰি অহা পৌৰাণিক ফাট বিহু]] ==ফাট বিহুৰ উৎপত্তি ব্যাখ্যা== ক্ষেত্ৰভিত্তিক অধ্যয়নৰ পৰা জনা যায় যে ফাট বিহু ১৬ শতিকাৰ পৰাই হাৰ্হি দেৱালয়ত উৎযাপন কৰি অহা হৈছিল। ধাৰ্মিক বিশ্বাস জড়িত থকা বাবে ওচৰৰ বিভিন্ন জনগোষ্ঠীৰ দল আহি হাৰ্হি দেৱালয়ৰ বাকৰিত বিহু নাচ প্ৰদৰ্শন কৰিছিল। বহাগৰ বিহুৰ হুঁচৰি গাওঁ বোৰত শেষ কৰি ওচৰৰ গঞা ৰাইজে ৭ বহাগৰ দিনা দেৱালয়ত আহি বিহু মাৰিছিল। ১৯৮০ৰ দশত কিছু লোকে মিলি পৃথক ভাবে "ফাট বিহু" নামকৰণ কৰি খেলপথাৰত পাতিব লৈছিল। সময়ত বিহুৰ দলসমূহে লাহে লাহে দেৱালয়ৰ পৰা আঁতৰি সেই খেলপথাৰত প্ৰদৰ্শন কৰিব ধৰিলে। আজিৰ দিনত হাৰ্হি দেৱালয়ত "ফাট বিহু" উৎযাদন কৰে যদিও আগৰ দৰে বিভিন্ন দলে হুঁচৰি মাৰিবলৈ অহা দেখা নাযায়। ২০১৩ চনৰ পাছত মিচিং জনগোষ্ঠীৰ দলবোৰেও হুঁচৰি মাৰিবলৈ এৰি দিছিল। বৰ্তমান কেৱল ওচৰৰ চুতীয়া জনগোষ্ঠীৰ লোকসকলেহে তাত হুঁচৰি মৰা দেখা যায়। আনপিনে মʼহঘূলি চাপৰিত আৰম্ভ কৰা নতুন "ফাট বিহু" অসম বিখ্যাত হৈ পৰিল। ঢকুৱাখনাৰ ফাট বিহুৰ বৈশিষ্ট্য আৰু ঐতিহাসিক দৃষ্টিকোণৰ ওপৰত ভিত্তি কৰি ফাট বিহুৰ উৎপত্তি বাখ্য সন্দৰ্ভত বিভিন্নজনে বিভিন্ন মত আগবঢ়াইছে- বিশিষ্ট বিহু গৱেষক ভৰত সন্দিকৈৰ মতে, বৰ্তমান ঢকুৱাখনালৈ দৃষ্টি নিক্ষেপ কৰিলে সহজে অনুমান কৰিব পাৰি যে অতীততে চাৰিকড়ীয়া নৈৰ পাৰত, য’ত ফাট বিহু অনুষ্ঠিত হৈছিল; তাত জনবসতি বিশেষ নাছিল। গাওঁবোৰ কিছু দুৰত আছিল। ধান-মাহৰ খেতি পথাৰৰ লগতে ছন পৰি থকা চাপৰিবোৰত থকা গছৰ তলত আৰু মুকলি পথাৰত বিহু মাৰিবলৈ বহু দুৰ-দুৰণীৰ পৰা ডেকা-গাভৰুৰ দল আহিছিল। ভাগ ভাগ হৈ বিহু মাৰিছিল শত শত বিহুদলে। কোনোও কালৈকো চাবলৈ সময়েই নাই। শত সহস্ৰ ঢোল-তাল, পেঁপা-গগনাৰ মাতত আৰু বিহুনামৰ ধ্বনিত মুখৰিত হৈ পৰিছিল আকাশ আৰু চাৰিকড়ীয়া নৈৰ দুয়োপাৰ। সময় উৰি গৈছিল কিন্তু তাৰ প্ৰতি কোৰো ভ্ৰক্ষেপ নাছিল। লানি নিছিগা দৰ্শকৰ ভীৰত গোটেই অঞ্চলটোত বিৰ দি বাট পাবলৈ নোহোৱা হৈছিল। বিহুৰ এনে অনুপম আকৰ্ষণ বা জনপ্ৰিয়তাৰ কাৰণ হ’ল- মানুহৰ আদিম প্ৰবৃত্তি ৰক্ষা আৰু বংশবৃদ্ধিৰ আকাংক্ষা নিবিড়ভাৱে জড়িত হৈ থকা। বিহুগীতসমূহ নাৰীদেহৰ ইন্দ্ৰিয়গ্ৰাহ্য আৰু ইন্দ্ৰিয়ভোগ্যৰ ৰূপৰ বৰ্ণনাৰে ভৰপূৰ নাৰী দেহৰ বন্দনাৰ এটি মাধ্যম। বুজন সংখ্যক বিহুগীত ৰচনা হৈছিল আদিম সমাজত অবাধ যৌন সম্পৰ্কৰ প্ৰচলন থকা কালতেই। {{citation needed}} [[File:Deuri Bihu performance during Faat Bihu 2023.jpg|thumb|২০২৩ চনৰ ফাটবিহুৰ তৃতীয় দিনাৰ মুকলি বিহু প্ৰতিযোগিতাত দেউৰী বিহুৰ এটা দল।]] ড॰ চন্দ্ৰধৰ চমুৱাই ফাট বিহু সম্পৰ্কীয় এখন আলেখ্যত প্ৰকাশ কৰি ফাট বিহুৰ সম্পৰ্কত কৈছে যে, “লুইতপৰীয়া মিছিং ডেকা গাভৰুসকলে ৰং বিৰংৰ পোচাকেৰে ফাট বিহুলৈ ভাগি-ভুঁহৰি আহিছিল বুলি প্ৰকাশ কৰি কৈছে যে, দিনৰ ভাগত বাটৰ কাষত কিম্বা বৰচাপৰি-ম’হঘূলি চাপৰিৰ গছৰ তলত এই বিহু কৰিছিল। পশ্চিমীয়া, বিশেষকৈ বঙ্গীয় সংস্কৃতিৰ প্ৰভাৱত আঢ্যৱন্ত বা সম্ভ্ৰান্ত পৰিয়ালৰ জ্যেষ্ঠ লোকে বিহুৰ নৃত্য গীতক অৱজ্ঞাৰ চকুৰে চাইছিল। সেয়েহে ৰাতি বিহুলৈ ডেকা গাভৰু ওলাই যোৱাটোক বিহু জুপিবলৈ যোৱা বুলি কোৱা হৈছিল। পিছে অনুন্নত সম্প্ৰদায়ৰ ডেকা-গাভৰুৰ মাজত আছিল বিহুৰ প্ৰকৃত প্ৰাণ-প্ৰাচুৰ্য আৰু ঢকুৱাখনাৰ ফাট বিহুৰ প্ৰাণকেন্দ্ৰই আছিল চুতীয়া আৰু মিচিং সম্প্ৰদায়ৰ লোক”। {{citation needed}} ==ক্ৰমবিকাশ== ক্ষেত্ৰভিত্তিক অধ্যয়নৰ পৰা গম পোৱা যায় যে ফাট বিহু ১৬ শতিকাৰ পৰাই হাৰ্হি দেৱালয়ত পতা হৈছিল। শদিয়াৰ পৰা কিছু লোকে ঢকুৱাখনা লৈ আহি হাৰ্হি দেৱালয় স্থাপন কৰিছিল আৰু বহাগৰ প্ৰথম সপ্তাহত থানত বলি দি বিহু উৎযাপন কৰিছিল। ধৰ্মীয় ৰীতি-নীতিৰ মতে এই বিহু পালন কৰা হৈছিল বাবে ওচৰৰ সকলো জনগোষ্ঠীৰ লোকে আগভাগ লৈছিল। দেৱালয়ৰ সেই ফাট বিহু ১৯১৮ চনত স্তব্ধ হৈ পৰিছিল। ইয়াৰ প্ৰামাণিক কাৰণ হ'ল- প্ৰথম বিশ্ব যুদ্ধৰ যেতিয়া অৱসান ঘটিল, তেতিয়া সেই যুদ্ধত ইংৰাজ হাৰিল বুলি এটা উৰাবাতৰি ওলাল। তেতিয়া ঢকুৱাখনাৰ আশে পাশে থকা মিচিং সম্প্ৰদায়ৰ মাজত এটা জনৰৱ উঠিল যে তেওঁলোক স্বাধীন হ'ল। সেয়ে মোহন গাম নামৰ এজন মিচিং প্ৰতাপী লোকৰ নেতৃত্বত ঢকুৱাখনা অঞ্চলত থকা মাৰোৱাৰী দোকানবোৰত লুটপাত আৰম্ভ কৰি দিলে। এই লুটপাতৰ ফলত ফাট বিহু স্তব্ধ হৈ পৰিছিল যদিও পাছলৈ আকৌ আৰম্ভ কৰা হৈছিল। আজিও সেই দেৱালয়ত আগৰ দৰে ৭ বহাগত ফাট বিহ পতা হয়। ১৯৮৬ চনত এচাম লোকে ঢকুৱাখনাৰ চৰকাৰী মজলীয়া বিদ্যালয়ৰ খেলপথাৰত গছৰ ডাল ৰুই "ফাট বিহু" বুলি নামকৰণ কৰি নতুনকৈ বিহু পাতিব লৈছিল। ১৯৮৯ৰ পৰা ১৯৯২ চনৰ লৈকে ঢকুৱাখনা কলেজৰ বিপৰীতে থকা মূগা ফাৰ্মত এই বিহু পাতিছিল। তাৰ পৰা আকৌ চৰকাৰী খেল পথাৰলৈ লৈ অনা হৈছিল। পৰৱৰ্তী সময়ত ১৯৯৬ চনৰ পৰা চাৰিকড়ীয়া নৈৰ পাৰৰ মনোমোহা মহঘূলি চাপৰিৰ শিশু গছৰ বাগিছাৰ মাজত স্থায়ীভাৱে মঞ্চ সাজি ফাট বিহু অনুষ্ঠিত হৈ আহিছে।<ref>কলিতা, জিতৰাম, "ঢকুৱাখনা মহকুমাৰ ঠাইৰ নামৰ ইতিবৃত্ত",p.8.</ref> বিভিন্ন ঠাইত অনুষ্ঠিত হোৱা ব’হাগ বিহুতকৈ ঢকুৱাখনাৰ ফাট বিহু যিকেইটা দিশত বৈচিত্ৰ্যময় সেই দিশকেইটাৰ অন্যতম হ’ল ইয়াৰ প্ৰাকৃতিক সৌন্দৰ্য, ঠাই-ঐতিহ্য, বৈশিষ্ট্যপূৰ্ণ বিহুনাচ, মন-পৰশা সুৰত বিহুনাম আৰু জাতনাম, হুঁচৰি, পোছাক-পৰিচ্ছদ, বিভিন্ন জনগোষ্ঠীৰ অংশ গ্ৰহণ আদি। <!-- এই অংশটোৰ গুৰুত্ব সম্পৰ্কে সন্দেহ আছে ==ফাট বিহুৰ মুখপত্ৰ বিহুৱান== ১৯৬৭ চনৰ পৰা ঢকুৱাখনাৰ ফাট বিহু নতুন ৰূপত ঢকুৱাখনাৰ সৰ্বস্তৰৰ লোকৰ সমন্বয়ত প্ৰাণ পাই উঠিল আৰু প্ৰকাশ পাবলৈ ধৰিলে ‘বিহুৱান’ শীৰ্ষক বছৰেকীয়া মুখপত্ৰ। ১৯৭৬চনৰ পৰা বৰ্তমানলৈকে বিহুৱানৰ সম্পাদক সকলৰ নাম তালিকা- ক্ৰমিক নং বিহুৱানৰ সম্পাদক চন ১ ছৱিলাল জৈন ১৯৭৬ ২ শিৱপ্ৰসাদ গগৈ ১৯৭৭ ৩ তিলেন চমুৱা ১৯৭৯ ৪ জয়চন্দ্ৰ হাজৰিকা ১৯৮০ ৫ ডাঃ বিদ্যেশ্বৰ দলে ১৯৮১ ৬ ভৰত বৰুৱা আৰু কোষেশ্বৰ চমুৱা ১৯৮২ ৭ প্ৰাঞ্জল চমুৱা ১৯৮৫ ৮ বিষ্ণু বৰবৰা ১৯৮৬ ৯ নন্দ চুতীয়া ১৯৮৮ ১৯৮৯ ৰ পৰা ১৯৯৮ লৈ বিহুৱান প্ৰকাশ হোৱা নাছিল ১০ অমিয় কুমাৰ সন্দিকৈ ১৯৯৯ ১১ বিদ্যা দত্ত ২০০০ ১২ অমিয় কুমাৰ সন্দিকৈ ২০০১ ১৩ জগদীশ গগৈ ২০০২ ১৪ ড॰ জিতৰাম কলিতা ২০০৩ ১৫ শিৱ প্ৰসাদ গগৈ ২০০৪ ১৬ শিৱ প্ৰদাস গগৈ ২০০৫ ১৭ পূৰ্ণানন্দ গগৈ ২০০৬ ১৮ ড॰ জিতৰাম কলিতা ২০০৭ ১৯ মৌচুমী গগৈ হাতীবৰুৱা ২০০৮ ২০ ডিম্বেশ্বৰ গগৈ ২০০৯ ২১ শিৱপ্ৰসাদ গগৈ ২০১০ ২২ জিতু কুমাৰ চমুৱা ২০১১ ২৩ কুশল গগৈ ২০১২ ২৪ ২০১৩ ২৫ ২০১৪ ২৬ ২০১৫ <ref> অসম অভিধান, শান্তনু কৌশিক বৰুৱা, বনলতা (ইউনিকোড ৰূপান্তৰ:পঙ্কজ বৰুৱা) </ref> <ref> বিহুৱান, মুখপত্ৰ, ফাট বিহু, ঢকুৱাখনা </ref> <ref> আকাশ প্ৰিয়মৰ ফাট বিহু বিষয়ক লেখা </ref>--> ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== {{reflist}} [[শ্ৰেণী:বিহু]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ঢকুৱাখনা]] ie1qndckvhzu89yrxirtxfjer869m3n 605950 605949 2026-05-12T08:25:37Z Ananya Taye 28065 605950 wikitext text/x-wiki {{unreferenced}} {{বিহু}} '''ফাট বিহু''' ঢকুৱাখনাৰ চাৰিকড়ীয়া নৈৰ মʼহঘূলি চাপৰিত অনুষ্ঠিত হোৱা [[বিহু]]। পূৰ্বতে ব'হাগৰ সাতবিহু যোৱাৰ পিছত [[ঢকুৱাখনা|ঢকুৱাখনাৰ]] (পূৰ্বতে [[হাবুং]]) [[হাৰ্হি দেৱালয়|হাৰ্হি দেৱালয়ত]] কেইবাটাও জনগোষ্ঠীয় লোকে একেলগ হৈ এই বিহু মাৰিছিল। বৰ্তমান ফাট বিহু ব'হাগ মাহৰ শেষৰটো শুক্ৰ, শনি আৰু দেওবাৰে তিনিদিনীয়া কাৰ্যসূচীৰে পালন কৰা হয়। ==নামৰ উৎপত্তি== ফাট শব্দটোৰ উৎপত্তিৰ বিষয়ে বিভিন্ন লোকৰ বিভিন্ন মত আছে। * জনা যায় যে ২০ শতিকাৰ শেষ ভাগৰ লৈকে ফাট বিহু ঢকুৱাখনাৰ হাৰ্হি দেৱালয়ত পালন কৰা হৈছিল। দেৱালয়ৰ ওচৰৰ লোক সকলৰ মতে সেই দেৱালয়টো শদিয়াৰ পৰা ফাটি অহা [[চুতীয়া জনগোষ্ঠী|চুতীয়া]] লোক কিছুমানে ঢকুৱাখনা লৈ আহি স্থাপন কৰিছিল। শদিয়াৰ পৰা ফাটি অহা এই বিহুকে ফাট বিহু বোলা হয়। ওচৰৰ বিভিন্ন জনগোষ্ঠীৰ লোকে নিজৰ নিজ গাঁৱত বিহু শেষ কৰি ৭ বহাগৰ দিনাখন হাৰ্হি দেৱালয়ত ফাট বিহু মাৰিছিল। পাছলৈ এই বিহু মহঘূলি চাপৰিত পতা হৈছিল। * আন কিছু লোকৰ মতে আকৌ ফাট শব্দটো তাই ভাষাৰ শব্দ হয়, যাৰ অৰ্থ হৈছে "নৈ বা গভীৰ পানী থকা ঠাইৰ দাঁতিত বেহা-বেপাৰ, কৰ-কাটল সংগ্ৰহ আদি কামৰ বাবে সমবেত হোৱা ঠাই। " অৱশ্যে এই বিষয়ে বুৰঞ্জীত একো উল্লেখ পোৱা নাযায়। যিহেতু ফাট বিহু মহঘূলি চাপৰিত ২০ শতিকাৰ শেষ ভাগত হে পাতিবলৈ লোৱা হৈছিল, গতিকে এই মত গ্ৰহণযোগ্য নহয়। ==অৱস্থিতি== [[File:'Fato bihu' entrance in Dhakuakhana, Assam.jpg|thumb|ঢকুৱাখনাৰ ফাট বিহুৰ আদৰণি তোৰণ]] [[ঢকুৱাখনা]] মহকুমা বৰ্তমান [[লখিমপুৰ জিলা]]ৰ অন্তৰ্গত যদিও ১৯৮৯ চনলৈকে ধেমাজি মহকুমাৰ অন্তৰ্গত এটা বিস্তৃত অঞ্চল আছিল। সামগ্ৰিকভাৱে ঢকুৱাখনা বুলি ক'লে ২৭.২৬ উত্তৰ অক্ষাংশ আৰু ৯৪.২৪ পূৱ দ্ৰাঘিমাংশৰ পৰা ৯৮.৪২ পূৱ দ্ৰাঘিমাংশৰ অন্তৰ্গত ভৌগোলিক এলেকাৰ ভূখণ্ডক নিৰ্দেশ কৰে। ঢকুৱাখনাৰ মাটিকালি ৬৫৯ বৰ্গকিলোমিটাৰ। ঢকুৱাখনা অঞ্চলটোক [[ব্ৰহ্মপুত্ৰ]] আৰু ইয়াৰ প্ৰধান উপনৈ সোৱণশিৰিয়ে আৱৰি আছে। বৰ্তমান ঢকুৱাখনা নগৰৰ দাঁতিয়েদি বৈ যোৱা চাৰিকড়ীয়া নৈৰ পাৰতে অনুষ্ঠিত হয় ফাট বিহু। ঔপন্যাসিক [[হোমেন বৰগোহাঞি]]য়ে তেখেতৰ ‘গৰখীয়া’ শীৰ্ষক গল্পটোত ফাট বিহু তলিৰ নামটো ম'হঘূলি চাপৰি হিচাপে নামকৰণ কৰিছিল। তেখেতে চাৰিকড়ীয়া নৈৰ উত্তৰ দিশত থকা বৰ্তমান চাৰিকড়ীয়া নৈৰ পকা দলংখনৰ পশ্চিমৰ এটি অৰণ্যময় চাপৰিৰ নাম ম'হ ঘূলি চাপৰি বুলি উল্লেখ কৰিছিল। ১৯৯৬ চনৰ পৰা চাৰিকড়ীয়া নৈৰ পাৰৰ ম'হঘূলি চাপৰিৰ শিশু গছৰ বাগিছাৰ মাজত স্থায়ীভাৱে মঞ্চ সাজি ফাট বিহু অনুষ্ঠিত হৈ আহিছে। [[File:Faat Bihu dance at Harhi dewaloi.jpg|thumb|হাৰ্হি দেৱালয়ত প্ৰতিবছৰে আয়োজিত কৰি অহা পৌৰাণিক ফাট বিহু]] ==ফাট বিহুৰ উৎপত্তি ব্যাখ্যা== ক্ষেত্ৰভিত্তিক অধ্যয়নৰ পৰা জনা যায় যে ফাট বিহু ১৬ শতিকাৰ পৰাই হাৰ্হি দেৱালয়ত উৎযাপন কৰি অহা হৈছিল। ধাৰ্মিক বিশ্বাস জড়িত থকা বাবে ওচৰৰ বিভিন্ন জনগোষ্ঠীৰ দল আহি হাৰ্হি দেৱালয়ৰ বাকৰিত বিহু নাচ প্ৰদৰ্শন কৰিছিল। বহাগৰ বিহুৰ হুঁচৰি গাওঁ বোৰত শেষ কৰি ওচৰৰ গঞা ৰাইজে ৭ বহাগৰ দিনা দেৱালয়ত আহি বিহু মাৰিছিল। ১৯৮০ৰ দশত কিছু লোকে মিলি পৃথক ভাবে "ফাট বিহু" নামকৰণ কৰি খেলপথাৰত পাতিব লৈছিল। সময়ত বিহুৰ দলসমূহে লাহে লাহে দেৱালয়ৰ পৰা আঁতৰি সেই খেলপথাৰত প্ৰদৰ্শন কৰিব ধৰিলে। আজিৰ দিনত হাৰ্হি দেৱালয়ত "ফাট বিহু" উৎযাদন কৰে যদিও আগৰ দৰে বিভিন্ন দলে হুঁচৰি মাৰিবলৈ অহা দেখা নাযায়। ২০১৩ চনৰ পাছত মিচিং জনগোষ্ঠীৰ দলবোৰেও হুঁচৰি মাৰিবলৈ এৰি দিছিল। বৰ্তমান কেৱল ওচৰৰ চুতীয়া জনগোষ্ঠীৰ লোকসকলেহে তাত হুঁচৰি মৰা দেখা যায়। আনপিনে মʼহঘূলি চাপৰিত আৰম্ভ কৰা নতুন "ফাট বিহু" অসম বিখ্যাত হৈ পৰিল। ঢকুৱাখনাৰ ফাট বিহুৰ বৈশিষ্ট্য আৰু ঐতিহাসিক দৃষ্টিকোণৰ ওপৰত ভিত্তি কৰি ফাট বিহুৰ উৎপত্তি বাখ্য সন্দৰ্ভত বিভিন্নজনে বিভিন্ন মত আগবঢ়াইছে- বিশিষ্ট বিহু গৱেষক ভৰত সন্দিকৈৰ মতে, বৰ্তমান ঢকুৱাখনালৈ দৃষ্টি নিক্ষেপ কৰিলে সহজে অনুমান কৰিব পাৰি যে অতীততে চাৰিকড়ীয়া নৈৰ পাৰত, য’ত ফাট বিহু অনুষ্ঠিত হৈছিল; তাত জনবসতি বিশেষ নাছিল। গাওঁবোৰ কিছু দুৰত আছিল। ধান-মাহৰ খেতি পথাৰৰ লগতে ছন পৰি থকা চাপৰিবোৰত থকা গছৰ তলত আৰু মুকলি পথাৰত বিহু মাৰিবলৈ বহু দুৰ-দুৰণীৰ পৰা ডেকা-গাভৰুৰ দল আহিছিল। ভাগ ভাগ হৈ বিহু মাৰিছিল শত শত বিহুদলে। কোনোও কালৈকো চাবলৈ সময়েই নাই। শত সহস্ৰ ঢোল-তাল, পেঁপা-গগনাৰ মাতত আৰু বিহুনামৰ ধ্বনিত মুখৰিত হৈ পৰিছিল আকাশ আৰু চাৰিকড়ীয়া নৈৰ দুয়োপাৰ। সময় উৰি গৈছিল কিন্তু তাৰ প্ৰতি কোৰো ভ্ৰক্ষেপ নাছিল। লানি নিছিগা দৰ্শকৰ ভীৰত গোটেই অঞ্চলটোত বিৰ দি বাট পাবলৈ নোহোৱা হৈছিল। বিহুৰ এনে অনুপম আকৰ্ষণ বা জনপ্ৰিয়তাৰ কাৰণ হ’ল- মানুহৰ আদিম প্ৰবৃত্তি ৰক্ষা আৰু বংশবৃদ্ধিৰ আকাংক্ষা নিবিড়ভাৱে জড়িত হৈ থকা। বিহুগীতসমূহ নাৰীদেহৰ ইন্দ্ৰিয়গ্ৰাহ্য আৰু ইন্দ্ৰিয়ভোগ্যৰ ৰূপৰ বৰ্ণনাৰে ভৰপূৰ নাৰী দেহৰ বন্দনাৰ এটি মাধ্যম। বুজন সংখ্যক বিহুগীত ৰচনা হৈছিল আদিম সমাজত অবাধ যৌন সম্পৰ্কৰ প্ৰচলন থকা কালতেই। {{citation needed}} [[File:Deuri Bihu performance during Faat Bihu 2023.jpg|thumb|২০২৩ চনৰ ফাটবিহুৰ তৃতীয় দিনাৰ মুকলি বিহু প্ৰতিযোগিতাত দেউৰী বিহুৰ এটা দল।]] ড॰ চন্দ্ৰধৰ চমুৱাই ফাট বিহু সম্পৰ্কীয় এখন আলেখ্যত প্ৰকাশ কৰি ফাট বিহুৰ সম্পৰ্কত কৈছে যে, “লুইতপৰীয়া মিছিং ডেকা গাভৰুসকলে ৰং বিৰংৰ পোচাকেৰে ফাট বিহুলৈ ভাগি-ভুঁহৰি আহিছিল বুলি প্ৰকাশ কৰি কৈছে যে, দিনৰ ভাগত বাটৰ কাষত কিম্বা বৰচাপৰি-ম’হঘূলি চাপৰিৰ গছৰ তলত এই বিহু কৰিছিল। পশ্চিমীয়া, বিশেষকৈ বঙ্গীয় সংস্কৃতিৰ প্ৰভাৱত আঢ্যৱন্ত বা সম্ভ্ৰান্ত পৰিয়ালৰ জ্যেষ্ঠ লোকে বিহুৰ নৃত্য গীতক অৱজ্ঞাৰ চকুৰে চাইছিল। সেয়েহে ৰাতি বিহুলৈ ডেকা গাভৰু ওলাই যোৱাটোক বিহু জুপিবলৈ যোৱা বুলি কোৱা হৈছিল। পিছে অনুন্নত সম্প্ৰদায়ৰ ডেকা-গাভৰুৰ মাজত আছিল বিহুৰ প্ৰকৃত প্ৰাণ-প্ৰাচুৰ্য আৰু ঢকুৱাখনাৰ ফাট বিহুৰ প্ৰাণকেন্দ্ৰই আছিল চুতীয়া আৰু মিচিং সম্প্ৰদায়ৰ লোক”। {{citation needed}} ==ক্ৰমবিকাশ== ক্ষেত্ৰভিত্তিক অধ্যয়নৰ পৰা গম পোৱা যায় যে ফাট বিহু ১৬ শতিকাৰ পৰাই হাৰ্হি দেৱালয়ত পতা হৈছিল। শদিয়াৰ পৰা কিছু চুতীয়া জনগোষ্ঠীৰ লোকে ঢকুৱাখনা লৈ আহি হাৰ্হি দেৱালয় স্থাপন কৰিছিল আৰু বহাগৰ প্ৰথম সপ্তাহত থানত বলি দি বিহু উৎযাপন কৰিছিল। ধৰ্মীয় ৰীতি-নীতিৰ মতে এই বিহু পালন কৰা হৈছিল বাবে ওচৰৰ সকলো জনগোষ্ঠীৰ লোকে আগভাগ লৈছিল। দেৱালয়ৰ সেই ফাট বিহু ১৯১৮ চনত স্তব্ধ হৈ পৰিছিল। ইয়াৰ প্ৰামাণিক কাৰণ হ'ল- প্ৰথম বিশ্ব যুদ্ধৰ যেতিয়া অৱসান ঘটিল, তেতিয়া সেই যুদ্ধত ইংৰাজ হাৰিল বুলি এটা উৰাবাতৰি ওলাল। তেতিয়া ঢকুৱাখনাৰ আশে পাশে থকা মিচিং সম্প্ৰদায়ৰ মাজত এটা জনৰৱ উঠিল যে তেওঁলোক স্বাধীন হ'ল। সেয়ে মোহন গাম নামৰ এজন মিচিং প্ৰতাপী লোকৰ নেতৃত্বত ঢকুৱাখনা অঞ্চলত থকা মাৰোৱাৰী দোকানবোৰত লুটপাত আৰম্ভ কৰি দিলে। এই লুটপাতৰ ফলত ফাট বিহু স্তব্ধ হৈ পৰিছিল যদিও পাছলৈ আকৌ আৰম্ভ কৰা হৈছিল। আজিও সেই দেৱালয়ত আগৰ দৰে ৭ বহাগত ফাট বিহ পতা হয়। ১৯৮৬ চনত এচাম লোকে ঢকুৱাখনাৰ চৰকাৰী মজলীয়া বিদ্যালয়ৰ খেলপথাৰত গছৰ ডাল ৰুই "ফাট বিহু" বুলি নামকৰণ কৰি নতুনকৈ বিহু পাতিব লৈছিল। ১৯৮৯ৰ পৰা ১৯৯২ চনৰ লৈকে ঢকুৱাখনা কলেজৰ বিপৰীতে থকা মূগা ফাৰ্মত এই বিহু পাতিছিল। তাৰ পৰা আকৌ চৰকাৰী খেল পথাৰলৈ লৈ অনা হৈছিল। পৰৱৰ্তী সময়ত ১৯৯৬ চনৰ পৰা চাৰিকড়ীয়া নৈৰ পাৰৰ মনোমোহা মহঘূলি চাপৰিৰ শিশু গছৰ বাগিছাৰ মাজত স্থায়ীভাৱে মঞ্চ সাজি ফাট বিহু অনুষ্ঠিত হৈ আহিছে।<ref>কলিতা, জিতৰাম, "ঢকুৱাখনা মহকুমাৰ ঠাইৰ নামৰ ইতিবৃত্ত",p.8.</ref> বিভিন্ন ঠাইত অনুষ্ঠিত হোৱা ব’হাগ বিহুতকৈ ঢকুৱাখনাৰ ফাট বিহু যিকেইটা দিশত বৈচিত্ৰ্যময় সেই দিশকেইটাৰ অন্যতম হ’ল ইয়াৰ প্ৰাকৃতিক সৌন্দৰ্য, ঠাই-ঐতিহ্য, বৈশিষ্ট্যপূৰ্ণ বিহুনাচ, মন-পৰশা সুৰত বিহুনাম আৰু জাতনাম, হুঁচৰি, পোছাক-পৰিচ্ছদ, বিভিন্ন জনগোষ্ঠীৰ অংশ গ্ৰহণ আদি। <!-- এই অংশটোৰ গুৰুত্ব সম্পৰ্কে সন্দেহ আছে ==ফাট বিহুৰ মুখপত্ৰ বিহুৱান== ১৯৬৭ চনৰ পৰা ঢকুৱাখনাৰ ফাট বিহু নতুন ৰূপত ঢকুৱাখনাৰ সৰ্বস্তৰৰ লোকৰ সমন্বয়ত প্ৰাণ পাই উঠিল আৰু প্ৰকাশ পাবলৈ ধৰিলে ‘বিহুৱান’ শীৰ্ষক বছৰেকীয়া মুখপত্ৰ। ১৯৭৬চনৰ পৰা বৰ্তমানলৈকে বিহুৱানৰ সম্পাদক সকলৰ নাম তালিকা- ক্ৰমিক নং বিহুৱানৰ সম্পাদক চন ১ ছৱিলাল জৈন ১৯৭৬ ২ শিৱপ্ৰসাদ গগৈ ১৯৭৭ ৩ তিলেন চমুৱা ১৯৭৯ ৪ জয়চন্দ্ৰ হাজৰিকা ১৯৮০ ৫ ডাঃ বিদ্যেশ্বৰ দলে ১৯৮১ ৬ ভৰত বৰুৱা আৰু কোষেশ্বৰ চমুৱা ১৯৮২ ৭ প্ৰাঞ্জল চমুৱা ১৯৮৫ ৮ বিষ্ণু বৰবৰা ১৯৮৬ ৯ নন্দ চুতীয়া ১৯৮৮ ১৯৮৯ ৰ পৰা ১৯৯৮ লৈ বিহুৱান প্ৰকাশ হোৱা নাছিল ১০ অমিয় কুমাৰ সন্দিকৈ ১৯৯৯ ১১ বিদ্যা দত্ত ২০০০ ১২ অমিয় কুমাৰ সন্দিকৈ ২০০১ ১৩ জগদীশ গগৈ ২০০২ ১৪ ড॰ জিতৰাম কলিতা ২০০৩ ১৫ শিৱ প্ৰসাদ গগৈ ২০০৪ ১৬ শিৱ প্ৰদাস গগৈ ২০০৫ ১৭ পূৰ্ণানন্দ গগৈ ২০০৬ ১৮ ড॰ জিতৰাম কলিতা ২০০৭ ১৯ মৌচুমী গগৈ হাতীবৰুৱা ২০০৮ ২০ ডিম্বেশ্বৰ গগৈ ২০০৯ ২১ শিৱপ্ৰসাদ গগৈ ২০১০ ২২ জিতু কুমাৰ চমুৱা ২০১১ ২৩ কুশল গগৈ ২০১২ ২৪ ২০১৩ ২৫ ২০১৪ ২৬ ২০১৫ <ref> অসম অভিধান, শান্তনু কৌশিক বৰুৱা, বনলতা (ইউনিকোড ৰূপান্তৰ:পঙ্কজ বৰুৱা) </ref> <ref> বিহুৱান, মুখপত্ৰ, ফাট বিহু, ঢকুৱাখনা </ref> <ref> আকাশ প্ৰিয়মৰ ফাট বিহু বিষয়ক লেখা </ref>--> ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== {{reflist}} [[শ্ৰেণী:বিহু]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ঢকুৱাখনা]] aff46jbjrkt6uqtaot3gbu6g1bxw0td 4 5475 605845 605791 2026-05-11T13:29:44Z দিব্য দত্ত 9244 /* পাঠ্যক্ৰমত ৱিকিপিডিয়া */ 605845 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{Village pump pages|প্ৰস্তাৱ|alpha=yes|start=85|ৰাইজৰ চ’ৰাৰ এই পৃষ্ঠাত নতুন ভাব আৰু প্ৰস্তাৱসমূহ আপুনিও যোগ কৰিব পাৰে। <br/>ইয়াৰ বাহিৰে অন্য ৱিকিপিডিয়াৰ নীতি বিষয়ক পৃষ্ঠাসমূহ নৱ-প্ৰস্তাৱিত আৰু প্ৰচলিত নীতি-নিৰ্দেশনাসমূহৰ বিষয়ে আলোচনা কৰিবলৈ কৰিবলৈ অনুগ্ৰহ কৰি ''[[ৱিকিপিডিয়া:ৰাইজৰ চ’ৰা (নীতি)|নীতি]]'' বিভাগৰ পৃষ্ঠা ব্যৱহাৰ কৰক।<br/>কোনো নীতি-নিৰ্দেশনাৰ প্ৰয়োগ বা ব্যৱহাৰ সম্পৰ্কীয় সন্দেহ মৰিষণৰ কাৰণে বিভিন্ন [[:en:Wikipedia:Noticeboards|জাননী ফলক]]সমূহ ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিব পাৰে। যদি আপোনাৰ কাৰিকৰী জ্ঞান আছে তেন্তে উপযুক্তভাৱে অৱদান/আলোচনা/সহায় আগবঢ়াওক।<br/> সততে উদয় হোৱা প্ৰশ্নসমূহৰ এখন সূচী '''[[ৱিকিপিডিয়া:সততে উদিত হোৱা প্ৰশ্নসমূহ|এই FAQ পৃষ্ঠাত]]''' (FAQ: '''F'''requently '''A'''sked '''Q'''uestions) আছে, অনুগ্ৰহ কৰি প্ৰথমে তাত চাই লয় যেন। |WP:VPP}} {{cent}} __TOC__ <span id="below_toc"></span> </noinclude> {{archive box| [[ৱিকিপিডিয়া:ৰাইজৰ চ'ৰা (প্ৰস্তাৱসমূহ)/Archive/0|সবাতোকৈ পুৰণি]]<br /> [[ৱিকিপিডিয়া:ৰাইজৰ চ'ৰা (প্ৰস্তাৱসমূহ)/Archive/1|সংৰক্ষণ ১]]<br /> [[ৱিকিপিডিয়া:ৰাইজৰ চ'ৰা (প্ৰস্তাৱসমূহ)/Archive/2|সংৰক্ষণ ২]]<br /> [[ৱিকিপিডিয়া:ৰাইজৰ চ'ৰা (প্ৰস্তাৱসমূহ)/Archive/3|সংৰক্ষণ ৩ (জানুৱাৰী ২০১২-ডিচেম্বৰ ২০১২)]]<br /> [[ৱিকিপিডিয়া:ৰাইজৰ চ'ৰা (প্ৰস্তাৱসমূহ)/Archive/4|সংৰক্ষণ ৪ (জানুৱাৰী ২০১৩-ডিচেম্বৰ ২০১৩)]]<br /> [[ৱিকিপিডিয়া:ৰাইজৰ চ'ৰা (প্ৰস্তাৱসমূহ)/Archive/5|সংৰক্ষণ ৫ (জানুৱাৰী ২০১৪-ডিচেম্বৰ ২০১৮)]]<br /> [[ৱিকিপিডিয়া:ৰাইজৰ চ'ৰা (প্ৰস্তাৱসমূহ)/Archive/6|সংৰক্ষণ ৬ (জানুৱাৰী ২০১৯-ডিচেম্বৰ ২০২১)]]<br /> [[ৱিকিপিডিয়া:ৰাইজৰ চ'ৰা (প্ৰস্তাৱসমূহ)/Archive/7|সংৰক্ষণ ৭ (জানুৱাৰী ২০২২-ডিচেম্বৰ ২০২২)]]<br /> [[ৱিকিপিডিয়া:ৰাইজৰ চ'ৰা (প্ৰস্তাৱসমূহ)/Archive/8|সংৰক্ষণ ৮ (জানুৱাৰী ২০২৩-ডিচেম্বৰ ২০২৩)]]<br /> [[ৱিকিপিডিয়া:ৰাইজৰ চ'ৰা (প্ৰস্তাৱসমূহ)/Archive/9|সংৰক্ষণ ৯ (জানুৱাৰী ২০২৪-ডিচেম্বৰ ২০২৪)]]<br /> [[ৱিকিপিডিয়া:ৰাইজৰ চ'ৰা (প্ৰস্তাৱসমূহ)/Archive/10|সংৰক্ষণ ১০ (জানুৱাৰী ২০২৫-ডিচেম্বৰ ২০২৫)]] }} ==ৱিকি-জন্মদিন, ২০২৬ উদ্‌যাপন== সন্মানীয় সদস্যসকল, আমি জানো যে, অহা ১৫ জানুৱাৰীত ৱিকিপিডিয়াৰ ২৫বছৰীয়া জন্মদিন। বিগত ২৪ বছৰ ধৰি ৱিকিপিডিয়াই আমাক এখন গোলকীয় গাঁৱৰ অনুভৱ আনি দিছে। ৱিকিপিডিয়াৰ সৈতে সংযুক্ত হৈ ব্যক্তিগতভাৱে মই তৃপ্ত। সেয়ে, উক্ত শুভ দিনটোত মই '''২৫টা পৃষ্ঠা''' সৃষ্টিৰে উদ্‌যাপন কৰিম বুলি থিৰাং কৰিছোঁ। ১৪ জানুৱাৰীৰ ৰাতি ১২ বজাৰ পিছৰপৰা ১৫ জানুৱাৰী ৰাতি ১২ বজালৈ মোৰ এই উদ্‌যাপন চলিব। সন্মানীয় সদস্যসকলৰ কোনোবাই যদি সহযোগ কৰে ইয়াতেই সংযুক্ত হৈ কিবা সংকল্প ল’ব পাৰে বা মোৰ দৰে আপোনালোকেও নিজা নিজা সংকল্প লৈ একোটা পৃষ্ঠা সৃষ্টি কৰি ৱিকি-জন্মদিন উদ্‌যাপন কৰিব পাৰে। আহক আমি সকলোৱে মিলি গৌৰৱেৰে মুক্ত জ্ঞানৰ এই যাত্ৰাক উদ্‌যাপন কৰোঁ। -[[সদস্য:Pranamikaadhikary|Pranamikaadhikary]] ([[সদস্য বাৰ্তা:Pranamikaadhikary|বাৰ্তা]]) 18:06, 12 January 2026 (ইউ.টি.চি.) ===মতামত=== * যিমানটা পাৰোঁ নতুন পৃষ্ঠা সৃষ্টি কৰিবলৈ চেষ্টা কৰিম। — <span style="text-shadow:gray 3px 3px 3px; ">[[User:Kandarpajit Kallol|<font color="#872455">'''কন্দৰ্পজিৎ কল্লোল'''</font>]]&nbsp; ([[User Talk:Kandarpajit Kallol|বাৰ্তা]])</span> 14:36, 13 January 2026 (ইউ.টি.চি.) *:অশেষ ধন্যবাদ। [[সদস্য:Pranamikaadhikary|Pranamikaadhikary]] ([[সদস্য বাৰ্তা:Pranamikaadhikary|বাৰ্তা]]) 17:14, 13 January 2026 (ইউ.টি.চি.) ===সামৰণি=== ৱিকিপিডিয়াৰ জন্মদিন উপলক্ষ্য্যে তলৰ লিংকটোত দিয়া পৃষ্ঠাসমূহ সৃষ্টি কৰা হ’ল। *https://w.wiki/HUBc ==সতীৰ্থ-মিলন== সন্মানীয় সতীৰ্থ, অহা ইং ৩১ জানুৱাৰী ২০২৬ তাৰিখে গুৱাহাটীৰ শংকৰদেৱ কলাক্ষেত্ৰত দিনৰ ১১:০০ বজাৰপৰা ০১:০০ বজাৰ ভিতৰত সম্ভৱপৰ সকলোৱে মুখা-মুখি হোৱাৰ মানস কৰিছোঁ। সকলোৰে উপস্থিতিয়ে আমাৰ মনৰ উদ্যম বৃদ্ধি কৰিব বুলি ভবা হৈছে। যাতায়াত আৰু অন্যান্য খৰচ নিজৰ। সহমত হ’লে তলত সন্মতি দি ৱিকি-স্ৱাক্ষৰ কৰিব বুলি আশা কৰিলোঁ।[[সদস্য:Pranamikaadhikary|Pranamikaadhikary]] ([[সদস্য বাৰ্তা:Pranamikaadhikary|বাৰ্তা]]) 14:35, 23 January 2026 (ইউ.টি.চি.) ===সহমত=== * একো অসুবিধা নহ'লে থাকিম। -[[সদস্য:Nayan j Nath|Nayan j Nath]] ([[সদস্য বাৰ্তা:Nayan j Nath|বাৰ্তা]]) * [[সদস্য:দিম্পল দাস|দিম্পল দাস]] ([[সদস্য বাৰ্তা:দিম্পল দাস|বাৰ্তা]]) 17:24, 25 January 2026 (ইউ.টি.চি.) * [[সদস্য:JonaliB|জোনালী বৰুৱা]] ([[সদস্য বাৰ্তা:JonaliB|বাৰ্তা]]) 08:55, 26 January 2026 (ইউ.টি.চি.) ===উপস্থিতিৰ স্বাক্ষৰ=== [[File:Wiki-Adda (cropped).jpg|thumb|সতীৰ্থ মিলন- ৱিকি সদস্যৰ মুখা-মুখি অনুষ্ঠান]] *[[সদস্য:Pranamikaadhikary|Pranamikaadhikary]] ([[সদস্য বাৰ্তা:Pranamikaadhikary|বাৰ্তা]]) 13:21, 1 February 2026 (ইউ.টি.চি.) *[[সদস্য:Nayan j Nath|Nayan j Nath]] ([[সদস্য বাৰ্তা:Nayan j Nath|বাৰ্তা]]) 13:33, 1 February 2026 (ইউ.টি.চি.) * [[সদস্য:দিম্পল দাস|দিম্পল দাস]] ([[সদস্য বাৰ্তা:দিম্পল দাস|বাৰ্তা]]) 13:35, 1 February 2026 (ইউ.টি.চি.) *[[সদস্য:পাপৰি বৰা|পাপৰি বৰা]] ([[সদস্য বাৰ্তা:পাপৰি বৰা|বাৰ্তা]]) 13:49, 1 February 2026 (ইউ.টি.চি.) ==নাৰীবাদ আৰু লোকগাথা এডিটাথন ২০২৬== ১ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী ২০২৬ৰপৰা আৰম্ভ হ'ব [[ৱিকিপিডিয়া:নাৰীবাদ আৰু লোকগাথা এডিটাথন ২০২৬|নাৰীবাদ আৰু লোকগাথা এডিটাথন-২০২৬]] প্ৰবন্ধ লিখন প্ৰতিযোগিতা। এই প্ৰতিযোগিতাখনৰ এগৰাকী স্থানীয় আয়োজক হিচাপে মই প্ৰতিযোগিতাখনৰ বিচাৰকৰ দায়িত্ব পালন কৰিবলৈ সদস্য [[User:JonaliB|জোনালী বৰুৱা]], [[User:Pranamikaadhikary|প্ৰণামিকা অধিকাৰী]] আৰু [[User:-chanakyakdas|চাণক্য কুমাৰ দাস]] অনুৰোধ জনাইছোঁ। লগতে সদস্যসকলক এই প্ৰতিযোগিতাখনত অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰিবলৈ আহ্বান জনাইছোঁ। অংশগ্ৰহণৰ বাবে ইয়াত [[ৱিকিপিডিয়া:নাৰীবাদ আৰু লোকগাথা এডিটাথন ২০২৬|ক্লিক কৰক]]। -[[সদস্য:Nayan j Nath|Nayan j Nath]] ([[সদস্য বাৰ্তা:Nayan j Nath|বাৰ্তা]]) 11:07, 31 January 2026 (ইউ.টি.চি.) ===মতামত=== প্ৰস্তাৱটো মই দেখাই নাছিলোঁ। সদস্যসকলৰ আপত্তি নাথাকিলে দায়িত্ব পালন কৰাৰ প্ৰতিশ্ৰুতি দিলোঁ।[[সদস্য:Pranamikaadhikary|Pranamikaadhikary]] ([[সদস্য বাৰ্তা:Pranamikaadhikary|বাৰ্তা]]) 13:11, 1 February 2026 (ইউ.টি.চি.) ==ৱিকিপিডিয়া এছিয়ান মাহ ফেজ-২== প্ৰিয় সতীৰ্থসকল, ৱিকিপিডিয়া এছিয়ান মাহত সৃষ্টি কৰা প্ৰবন্ধসমূহ প্ৰতিযোগিতাৰ বাবে খৰধৰকৈ লিখাৰ বাবে কোনো কোনো প্ৰবন্ধত কিছু খুঁটি-নাটি ৰৈ যায়, এই খুঁটি-নাটি সমূহ নাইকিয়া কৰি ইতিমধ্যে লেখা প্ৰবন্ধসমূহ উন্নত কৰাৰ উদ্দেশ্যেৰে ৱিকিপিডিয়া এছিয়ান মাহ ফেজ-২ অনুষ্ঠিত কৰাৰ পৰিকল্পনা কৰা হৈছে। এই সম্পাদনা মেলাত নতুন প্ৰবন্ধ সৃষ্টি কৰা নহয়, ইতিমধ্যে ৱিকিত থকা এছীয় বিষয়ক প্ৰবন্ধসমূহ বিচাৰি উলিয়াই সেইসমূহ সংশোধন আৰু পৰিৱৰ্ধন কৰা হ'ব। এপ্ৰিল মাহৰ ১৫ তাৰিখৰপৰা মে' মাহৰ ১ তাৰিখলৈ অনুষ্ঠিত হ'ব লগা ১৫ দিনীয়া এই সংশোধনী মেলাৰ বাবে মই আয়োজক ৰূপে [[ৱিকিপিডিয়া:ৱিকিপিডিয়া এছিয়ান মাহ ২০২৫|ৱিকিপিডিয়া এছিয়ান মাহ ২০২৫]]-ৰ বিজয়ী [[সদস্য:নৰুনা বৰুৱা|নৰুনা বৰুৱা]] আৰু [[সদস্য:Kandarpajit Kallol|কন্দৰ্পজিৎ কল্লোলৰ]] নাম প্ৰস্তাৱ কৰিলোঁ আৰু আপোনালোকৰ সমৰ্থন আৰু সহযোগিতা আশা কৰিলোঁ। অংশগ্ৰহণকাৰীসকলক অৱদান অনুসৰি একোটিকৈ '''ৱিকিপিডিয়া এছিয়ান মাহ''' টি-চাৰ্ট প্ৰদান কৰা হ'ব। সমান্তৰালকৈ যোৰহাটত এখন অফলাইন কৰ্মশালাৰ আয়োজন কৰা হৈছে। বিনয়েৰে, [[সদস্য:JyotiPN|JyotiPN]] ([[সদস্য বাৰ্তা:JyotiPN|বাৰ্তা]]) 07:28, 13 March 2026 (ইউ.টি.চি.) ===সমৰ্থন=== # [[সদস্য:JyotiPN|JyotiPN]] ([[সদস্য বাৰ্তা:JyotiPN|বাৰ্তা]]) 07:28, 13 March 2026 (ইউ.টি.চি.) # <span style="text-shadow:gray 3px 3px 3px; ">[[User:Kandarpajit Kallol|<font color="#872455">'''কন্দৰ্পজিৎ কল্লোল'''</font>]]&nbsp; ([[User Talk:Kandarpajit Kallol|বাৰ্তা]])</span> 08:40, 13 March 2026 (ইউ.টি.চি.) # [[সদস্য:নৰুনা বৰুৱা|নৰুনা বৰুৱা]] ([[সদস্য বাৰ্তা:নৰুনা বৰুৱা|বাৰ্তা]]) 09:40, 13 March 2026 (ইউ.টি.চি.) ===মন্তব্য=== ==চন্দন চিৰিং ফুকন সোঁৱৰণী উদ্ধৃতি সংযোগ মেলা== *https://w.wiki/KNRd সন্মানীয় সদস্যসকল, অহা ২৭ এপ্ৰিল, '''চন্দন বিয়োগ'''ৰ দিনটোৰ সৈতে সংগতি ৰাখি এটা প্ৰস্তাৱ দিয়া হৈছে। অনুগ্ৰহ কৰি লিংকত গৈ মতামত দিব বুলি আশা কৰিলোঁ।[[সদস্য:Pranamikaadhikary|Pranamikaadhikary]] ([[সদস্য বাৰ্তা:Pranamikaadhikary|বাৰ্তা]]) 13:43, 26 March 2026 (ইউ.টি.চি.) == বড়ো ভাষা আৰু সংস্কৃতি দৃশ্যমানতা প্ৰকল্প == আমি অসমৰ জনগণে ইয়াৰ সকলো জাতি-জনগোষ্ঠীৰ মাজত এক ভাতৃত্ববোধ আৰু সৌহাৰ্দ্যৰে বসবাস কৰি গৌৰৱ অনুভৱ কৰি আহিছোঁ। বড়ো জনগোষ্ঠী ইয়াৰ ভিতৰত আমাৰ অন্যতম গৌৰৱৰ উৎস, আৰু তেওঁলোকৰ সমৃদ্ধ সংস্কৃতি আৰু ঐতিহ্য সংৰক্ষণ আৰু প্ৰচাৰৰ বাবে আমি প্ৰতিশ্ৰুতিবদ্ধ। সাম্প্ৰতিক সময়ত বড়ো সমাজে ৱিকিমিডিয়া প্লেটফৰ্মসমূহত নিজৰ দৃশ্যমানতা বৃদ্ধি কৰাৰ ক্ষেত্ৰতো সক্ৰিয়ভাৱে কাম কৰি আছে। দক্ষিণ এছিয়াৰ অংশীদাৰিত্ব ব্যৱস্থাপক, Wikimedia Foundationৰ প্ৰবীণ দাসৰ সৈতে এক দীঘলীয়া আলোচনা আৰু তেখেতৰ পৰামৰ্শৰ পাছত, মই "Bodo Language & Culture Visibility Project" নামৰ এটা প্ৰকল্প পৰিচালনাৰ পৰিকল্পনা কৰিছোঁ। অসমীয়া ৱিকিসমাজৰ এজন সদস্য হিচাপে, এই পৰিকল্পনাটোৰ বাবে আপোনালোকৰ সমৰ্থন, পৰামৰ্শ আৰু মূল্যৱান মতামত আন্তৰিকতাৰে আশা কৰিছোঁ। -[[সদস্য:Nayan j Nath|Nayan j Nath]] ([[সদস্য বাৰ্তা:Nayan j Nath|বাৰ্তা]]) 13:31, 29 March 2026 (ইউ.টি.চি.) ===সমৰ্থন=== *{{support}}-[[সদস্য:AjayDas|AjayDas]] ([[সদস্য বাৰ্তা:AjayDas|বাৰ্তা]]) 13:34, 29 March 2026 (ইউ.টি.চি.) *{{support}}-[[সদস্য:Jyoti Chiring|Jyoti Chiring]] ([[সদস্য বাৰ্তা:Jyoti Chiring|বাৰ্তা]]) 13:39, 29 March 2026 (ইউ.টি.চি.) *{{support}}-[[সদস্য:হানিফ আলী|হানিফ আলী]] ([[সদস্য বাৰ্তা:হানিফ আলী|বাৰ্তা]]) 14:51, 29 March 2026 (ইউ.টি.চি.) *{{support}}-[[সদস্য:Rakesh Modak|Rakesh Modak]] ([[সদস্য বাৰ্তা:Rakesh Modak|বাৰ্তা]]) 16:28, 29 March 2026 (ইউ.টি.চি.) *{{Support}} কৰিছোঁ৷ -[[User:Kuldhar Rabha|<font color="#cc0099">𝒦𝓊𝓁𝒹𝒽𝒶𝓇 ℛ𝒶𝒷𝒽𝒶</font>]] ^{[[User Talk:Kuldhar Rabha|<font color="#6600cc">(𝒯𝒶𝓁𝓀)</font>]]} 17:05, 29 March 2026 (ইউ.টি.চি.) *{{Support}} -[[সদস্য:চন্দ্ৰিমা ৰাভা|চন্দ্ৰিমা ৰাভা]] ([[সদস্য বাৰ্তা: চন্দ্ৰিমা ৰাভা|বাৰ্তা]]) 22:47, 29 March 2026 (ইউ.টি.চি.) *{{Support}} -[[সদস্য:Rumi Borah~aswiki|Rumi Borah~aswiki]] ([[সদস্য বাৰ্তা:Rumi Borah~aswiki|বাৰ্তা]]) 12:21, 30 March 2026 (ইউ.টি.চি.) *{{Support}} -<span style="text-shadow:gray 3px 3px 3px;">[[User:দিব্য দত্ত|<font color="#663300">'''দিব্য দত্ত'''</font>]]&nbsp;([[User Talk:দিব্য দত্ত|বাৰ্তা]])</span> 13:00, 30 March 2026 (ইউ.টি.চি.) * {{support}}[[সদস্য:Pranamikaadhikary|Pranamikaadhikary]] ([[সদস্য বাৰ্তা:Pranamikaadhikary|বাৰ্তা]]) 05:15, 6 April 2026 (ইউ.টি.চি.) ====মতামত==== ==পাঠ্যক্ৰমত ৱিকিপিডিয়া== সন্মানীয় সদস্যসকলৰ জ্ঞাতাৰ্থে জনাওঁ যে নগাঁও বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ অসমীয়া বিভাগৰ পাঠ্যক্ৰমত ৱিকিপিডিয়াৰ অন্তৰ্ভূক্তিৰ প্ৰস্তাৱ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ অসমীয়া বিভাগৰ পৰা পোৱা গৈছে৷ এই সংক্ৰান্তত আলোচনা কৰিবলৈ জৰুৰীভাৱে আমি মিলিত হোৱাৰ প্ৰয়োজন৷ সেয়ে আজি নিশা ৯ বজাৰ পৰা আধাঘণ্টামানৰ এখনি গুগল মিটৰ আয়োজন কৰা হৈছে৷ আশাকৰোঁ সৰহসংখ্যক সদস্যই আলোচনাটিত সহযোগ কৰিব৷ -[[সদস্য:Nayan j Nath|Nayan j Nath]] ([[সদস্য বাৰ্তা:Nayan j Nath|বাৰ্তা]]) 07:10, 11 May 2026 (ইউ.টি.চি.) মিটিঙৰ লিংক- [https://calendar.app.google/1A5Sve84Jc3Psxv26 meet.google.com/1A5Sve84Jc3Psxv26] r3ev40aqiq9uwp8fom8hx0t5fjrqksq 0 7668 605876 599402 2026-05-11T16:03:48Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 605876 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- In mathematics, Pascal's triangle is a triangular array of the binomial coefficients in a triangle. It is named after the French mathematician, Blaise Pascal. It is known as Pascal's triangle in much of the Western world, although other mathematicians studied it centuries before him in India, Persia, China, Germany, and Italy.[1] The rows of Pascal's triangle are conventionally enumerated starting with row n = 0 at the top. The entries in each row are numbered from the left beginning with k = 0 and are usually staggered relative to the numbers in the adjacent rows. A simple construction of the triangle proceeds in the following manner. On row 0, write only the number 1. Then, to construct the elements of following rows, add the number directly above and to the left with the number directly above and to the right to find the new value. If either the number to the right or left is not present, substitute a zero in its place. For example, the first number in the first row is 0 + 1 = 1, whereas the numbers 1 and 3 in the third row are added to produce the number 4 in the fourth row. --> '''পাস্কেলৰ ত্ৰিভুজ''' হ’ল এটা [[গণিত|গাণিতিক]] [[ত্ৰিভুজ]]। এই ত্ৰিভুজটো এজন [[ফ্ৰান্স|ফ্ৰান্সদেশৰ]] [[গণিতজ্ঞ]] [[ব্লেইজ পাস্কেল|ব্লেইজ পাস্কেলৰ]] নামেৰে নামাকৰণ কৰা হৈছে। এই ত্ৰিভুজৰ সহায়ত কিছুমান গণিতীয় সমাধান কৰিব পাৰি। [[চিত্ৰ:Pascal's triangle 5.svg|right|thumb|250px|পাস্কেলৰ ত্ৰিভুজৰ প্ৰথম ছটা শাৰী]] {{geometry stub}} == তথ্যসূত্ৰ == {{reflist}} == বাহ্যিক সংযোগ == * [http://www.york.ac.uk/depts/maths/histstat/images/triangle.gif The Old Method Chart of the Seven Multiplying Squares] ''(from the Ssu Yuan Yü Chien of Chu Shi-Chieh, 1303, depicting the first nine rows of Pascal's triangle)'' * Implementation of [http://pinch-hitter.livejournal.com/13183.html Pascal Triangle in Java] – with conversion of higher digits to single digits. * [http://www.lib.cam.ac.uk/RareBooks/PascalTraite Pascal's Treatise on the Arithmetic Triangle] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040803130916/http://www.lib.cam.ac.uk/RareBooks/PascalTraite/ |date=2004-08-03 }} ''(page images of Pascal's treatise, 1655; [http://www.lib.cam.ac.uk/RareBooks/PascalTraite/pascalintro.pdf summary] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040803233048/http://www.lib.cam.ac.uk/RareBooks/PascalTraite/pascalintro.pdf |date=2004-08-03 }})'' * [http://jeff560.tripod.com/p.html Earliest Known Uses of Some of the Words of Mathematics (P)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100212043548/http://jeff560.tripod.com/p.html |date=2010-02-12 }} * [http://www.cut-the-knot.org/Curriculum/Combinatorics/LeibnitzTriangle.shtml Leibniz and Pascal triangles] * [http://www.cut-the-knot.org/Curriculum/Algebra/DotPatterns.shtml Dot Patterns, Pascal's Triangle, and Lucas' Theorem] * [http://www.stetson.edu/~efriedma/periodictable/html/O.html Omar Khayyam the mathematician] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110814145755/http://www2.stetson.edu/~efriedma/periodictable/html/O.html |date=2011-08-14 }} * [http://ptri1.tripod.com Info on Pascal's Triangle] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110825073424/http://ptri1.tripod.com/ |date=2011-08-25 }} * [http://mathforum.org/dr.math/faq/faq.pascal.triangle.html Explanation of Pascal's Triangle and common occurrences, including link to interactive version specifying # of rows to view] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110809100544/http://mathforum.org/dr.math/faq/faq.pascal.triangle.html |date=2011-08-09 }} * Implementation of [http://www.pascaltriangle.info Pascal Triangle in SQL] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181002212716/http://www.pascaltriangle.info/ |date=2018-10-02 }} [[শ্ৰেণী:জ্যামিতি]] guew21ro70u68syyh5rrortyn0fah7z 0 31517 605908 553155 2026-05-11T18:20:03Z প্ৰিয়াংকু বৰা 45871 তথ্য অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত কৰা হয় 605908 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox theatre | name = অসম ষ্টাৰ থিয়েটাৰ | image = | image_size = | image_alt = | caption = | image_map = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_caption= | address =[[পাঠশালা]], [[বৰপেটা জিলা]], [[অসম]] | city = বৰপেটা | country = [[ভাৰত]] | designation = | latitude = | longitude = | coord_region = | coord_dim = | architect = | owner = [[কুমুদ শৰ্মা]] | tenant = | operator = | capacity = | type = | opened = ১৯৭০ চন | reopened = | yearsactive = ১৯৭০ চন - | rebuilt = | closed = আশীৰ দশকৰ মাজভাগ | demolished = | othernames = | production = | currentuse = | website = }} '''অসম ষ্টাৰ থিয়েটাৰ''' ১৯৭০ চনৰ ১১ ছেপ্তেম্বৰত প্ৰতিষ্ঠা হোৱা এটা [[ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰ]] দল। [[নটৰাজ থিয়েটাৰ]] আৰু [[মঞ্চৰূপা থিয়েটাৰ]]ৰ পিছত [[পাঠশালা]]ত আৰম্ভ হোৱা নাট্যদল হ'ল অসম ষ্টাৰ থিয়েটাৰ। [[পাঠশালা]]ৰ কুমুদ শৰ্মাৰ প্ৰযোজনাত এই থিয়েটাৰ প্ৰতিষ্ঠা হয়।<ref name=hist>কিশোৰ কুমাৰ কলিতা (লেখক), ''পাঠশালা'', (স: কিশোৰ কুমাৰ কলিতা আৰু ড° ৰনজিৎ ডেকা) আনন্দৰাম বৰুৱা একাডেমী প্ৰকাশন, পাঠশালা, ডিচেম্বৰ, ২০১১, পৃষ্ঠা ১৬৫ </ref> আশীৰ দশকৰ মাজভাগত এই থিয়েটাৰে ইয়াৰ নাট্যযাত্ৰাৰ যৱনিকা পেলায়। ==নাট্য পৰিক্ৰমা== ===প্ৰথম বৰ্ষ=== অসম ষ্টাৰ থিয়েটাৰে ইয়াৰ প্ৰথম বৰ্ষত মঞ্চস্থ কৰা নাটসমূহ হ'ল- ''ৰাজলক্ষ্মী সীতা'', ''সম্ৰাট জাহাঙ্গীৰ'', ''ভক্ত বীৰ'', ''হিন্দুবীৰ'', ''অপৰাধী কোন'', ''মাতৃ পূজা'' আৰু ''নগাকোঁৱৰ''। ইয়াৰে আটাইকেইখন নাটকেই পৰিচালনা কৰিছিল ভ্ৰাম্যমান নাট্যদলৰ চিৰসেউজ অভিনেতা-পৰিচালক [[চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী]]য়ে। । অসম ষ্টাৰ থিয়েটাৰৰ প্ৰথম বৰ্ষৰ শিল্পীসকল আছিল চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী, সুৰেন পাটগিৰী, বলদেৱ শইকীয়া, ৰমা শীল, অনিল ৰয়, সুমিত্ৰা বৰুৱা, লাৱণ্য বৰুৱা, ফুল কুমাৰী ভূঞা আদিয়ে। এই বৰ্ষৰ সংগীত পৰিচালক আছিল প্ৰভাত শৰ্মা আৰু নৃত্য পৰিচালনা কৰিছিল যতীন গোস্বামীয়ে।<ref name=hist /> ===পৰৱৰ্তী নাট্যবৰ্ষ=== অসম ষ্টাৰ থিয়েটাৰত মঞ্চস্থ হোৱা কেইখনমান উল্লেখযোগ্য নাটক হ'ল- ''দেবযানী'', ''নৰ্ত্তকী'', ''অপৰাধী কোন'', ''আদিলশ্বাহ'', ''কল্যাণী'', ''হিটলাৰ'', ''কলংকিনী'', ''বোৱাৰীৰ চকুলো'', ''ৰাধা অনুৰাধা'' আদি।<ref name=hist /> অসম ষ্টাৰ থিয়েটাৰত মঞ্চস্থ [[প্ৰফুল্ল বৰা]] ৰচিত '<nowiki/>''দেৱযানী''' ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰৰ বাবে ৰচনা কৰা প্ৰথম মৌলিক অসমীয়া সামাজিক নাটৰ পাণ্ডুলিপি।<ref>নিবন্ধ : ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰৰ মৌলিক নাট আৰু নাট্যকাৰ প্ৰফুল্ল বৰা। লেখক: দশৰথ দাস। প্ৰান্তিক: ১৬- ৩১ ডিচেম্বৰ। পৃষ্ঠা: ৪৫- ৪৬</ref> ==লুপ্তি== আশীৰ দশকৰ মাজভাগত অসম ষ্টাৰ বন্ধ হৈ যায়।<ref name=hist /> ==কাৰ্য্যালয়== অসম ষ্টাৰ থিয়েটাৰে যদিও পাঠশালাতেই প্ৰতিষ্ঠা লাভ কৰিছিল, পিছলৈ ইয়াৰ আখৰা শিবিৰ [[গুৱাহাটী]]তো আৰম্ভ কৰিছিল।<ref name=hist /> ==লগতে চাওক== * [[অসমৰ ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰৰ তালিকা]] * [[ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰ]] * [[নটৰাজ থিয়েটাৰ]] * [[মঞ্চৰূপা থিয়েটাৰ]] ==তথ্য সংগ্ৰহ== {{Reflist}} {{অসমৰ ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰ}} [[শ্ৰেণী: ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰ]] 4u1dna94ls6kiqmlhm6cwjkh6jfpyob 0 32849 605925 532409 2026-05-12T04:00:26Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 605925 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox book| <!-- See Wikipedia:WikiProject_Novels or Wikipedia:WikiProject_Books --> | name = ব্ৰেকিং ড'ন | title_orig = | translator = | image = [[File:Breaking Dawn cover.jpg|250px|ষ্টিফেনি মেয়াৰৰ ব্ৰেকিং ড'ন]] | image_caption = | author = ষ্টিফেনি মেয়াৰ | illustrator = | cover_artist = গেইল ডুবিনিন (শৈলী)<br>ৰজাৰ হেগাডন (চিত্ৰ) | country =[[আমেৰিকা যুক্তৰাষ্ট্ৰ]] | language = [[ইংৰাজী ভাষা| ইংৰাজী]] | series = টোৱাইলাইট শৃংখলা | subject = | genre = অপ্ৰাকৃতিক প্ৰেমকাহিনী, চেমনীয়া কল্পকাহিনী | publisher = লিটল, ব্ৰাউন এণ্ড কোম্পানী | pub_date =২০০৮ চনৰ ২ আগষ্ট (আমেৰিকা যুক্তৰাষ্ট্ৰ)<br />২০০৮ চনৰ ৪ আগষ্ট (যুক্তৰাজ্য, অষ্ট্ৰেলিয়া) | media_type = মুদ্ৰণ (পকাবন্ধা, কেচাঁবন্ধা) | pages = ৭৫৬ (পকাবন্ধা) | isbn = ISBN 0-316-06792-X | preceded_by = [[ইক্লিপ্স (উপন্যাস)|ইক্লিপ্স]] }} '''ব্ৰেকিং ড'ন''' ({{lang-en|Breaking Dawn}}) আমেৰিকান ঔপন্যাসিকা [[ষ্টিফেনি মেয়াৰ]]ৰ [[টোৱাইলাইট শৃংখলা]]ৰ চতুৰ্থ আৰু অন্তিমখনি উপন্যাস। তিনিটা খণ্ডত বিভক্ত এই উপন্যাসখনৰ প্ৰথম আৰু তৃতীয় খণ্ডটি বেলা স্বানৰ দৃষ্টিকোণৰ পৰা আৰু দ্বিতীয় খণ্ডটি জেকব ব্লেকৰ দৃষ্টিকোণৰ পৰা ৰচনা কৰা হৈছে। তৃতীয় উপন্যাস [[ইক্লিপ্স (উপন্যাস)|ইক্লিপ্স]]ৰ ঠিক পিছৰেপৰাই ইয়াৰ কাহিনীভাগ আৰম্ভ হৈছে য'ত বেলা আৰু এডৱাৰ্ড কালেন বিবাহপাশত আৱদ্ধ হয় ফলত জেকব ব্লেক মৰ্মাহত হৈ পৰে। যেতিয়া বেলাই এক অপ্ৰত্যাশিত পৰিস্থিতিৰ সন্মুখীন হয়,তাইৰ পৰিৱৰ্তনৰ বাবে কৰণীয়খিনি কৰে আৰু তাইৰ প্ৰেমৰ হকে অন্তিম যুদ্ধখন যুঁজিবলৈ সাজু হয়। মেয়াৰে ২০০৩ চনতেই কিতাপখনৰ খচৰা লিখি উলিয়াই যদিও ইয়াক বিকশিত আৰু পৰিৱৰ্তিত কৰে কাৰণ ইয়াৰ মাজতে তেওঁ [[নিউ মুন]] আৰু [[ইক্লিপ্স (উপন্যাস)|ইক্লিপ্স]] লিখে, অৱশ্যে মুখ্য আৰু বিশেষ গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ অংশখিনিৰ কোনো পৰিৱৰ্তন নহয়। লিটল,ব্ৰাউন এণ্ড কোম্পানীয়ে কিতাপখনৰ কথাবোৰ বাহিৰ হৈ নাযাবলৈ বিভিন্ন ব্যৱস্থা হাতত লয়। ২০০৮ চনৰ ২ আগষ্টত আমেৰিকাৰ প্ৰায় ৪,০০০ কিতাপৰ দোকানত মধ্যৰাত্ৰিৰ প্ৰকাশ অনুষ্ঠানত ব্ৰেকিং ড'নে মুক্তি লাভ কৰে।<ref name="Falconer">{{cite news |authors=Dan Glaister and Sarah Falconer |title=Mormon who put new life into vampires |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/books/2008/jul/20/news.booksforchildrenandteenagers |publisher=The Observer |date=2008-07-20 |accessdate=2009-09-19 | location=London}}</ref> প্ৰথম ২৪ ঘন্টাতেই '''ব্ৰেকিং ড'ন'''ৰ প্ৰথম প্ৰকাশৰ ৩.৭ মিলিয়নৰ ১.৩ মিলিয়ন কিতাপ কেৱল আমেৰিকা আৰু ২০,০০০ কিতাপ য়ুকেত বিক্ৰী হয়। ইয়াৰ দ্বাৰা ই হেচ্চেটে বুক গ্ৰুপ য়ুএচএ ৰ বাবে প্ৰথম দিনৰ বিক্ৰীৰ এক অভিলেখ গঢ়ে।<ref name="Milliot">{{cite news | author=Jim Milliot | url=http://www.publishersweekly.com/article/CA6584007.html?nid=2286&source=title&rid=&q=twilight | title='Breaking Dawn' Breaks Hachette Records | date=2008-08-04 | publisher=[[Publishers Weekly]] | accessdate=2008-10-18 | archivedate=2008-12-17 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217125306/http://www.publishersweekly.com/article/CA6584007.html?nid=2286&source=title&rid=&q=twilight | deadurl=yes }}</ref> এই কিতাপখন যথেষ্ট সফল হয়। ২০০৮ত ইয়াৰ ৬ মিলিয়ন কিতাপ বিক্ৰী হয় আৰু [[টোৱাইলাইট (উপন্যাস)|টোৱাইলাইট]], [[নিউ মুন]]ৰ পিছত ২০০৮ৰ তৃতীয় সৰ্বাধিক বিক্ৰী হোৱা কিতাপ হিচাপে পৰিগণিত হয়। ব্ৰেকিং ড'নে সমালোচকৰ পৰা মিশ্ৰিত সঁহাৰি লাভ কৰে আৰু অধিক বয়স্ক বিষয় তথা ধাৰণা সম্পন্ন হোৱা হেতুকে শৃংখলাটিৰ আটাইতকৈ বিতৰ্কিত কিতাপ হৈ পৰে। অৱশ্যে কিতাপখনে "চিলড্ৰেনছ বুক অফ দ্য ইয়েৰ"ৰ "ব্ৰিটিছ বুক এৱাৰ্ড" লাভ কৰে। ই প্ৰায় ৩৮টা ভাষালৈ অনুদিত হয় আৰু ইয়াৰ স্বত্ব প্ৰায় ৫০খন দেশত বিক্ৰী হয়। এই কিতাপখনৰ পৰা দুটা খণ্ডৰ এখন চলচ্চিত্ৰ নিৰ্মিত হয় যাৰ প্ৰথম খণ্ডটিয়ে ১৮ নৱেম্বৰ, ২০১১ত আৰু দ্বিতীয় খণ্ডটিয়ে ১৬ নৱেম্বৰ, ২০১২ত মুক্তি লাভ কৰে। ==কাহিনীৰ সাৰাংশ== ব্ৰেকিং ড'ন তিনিটা ভাগত বিভক্ত। ইয়াৰ প্ৰথম ভাগত বেলা আৰু এডৱাৰ্ডৰ বিয়া তথা ব্ৰাজিলৰ উপকূলীয় অঞ্চলত অৱস্থিত,কাৰ্লাইলে এস্মেৰ কাৰণে কিনা এক ব্যক্তিগত দ্বীপ 'আইলেণ্ড এস্মে'ত তেওঁলোকে কটোৱা মধুচন্দ্ৰিকাৰ বৰ্ণনা আছে। মধুচন্দ্ৰিকাৰ দ্বিতীয় সপ্তাহতেই বেলাই আৱিষ্কাৰ কৰে যে আধা-মানুহ আধা-ভেম্পায়াৰ সন্তান এটিৰে তাই গৰ্ভৱতী আৰু এই ভ্ৰূণটি এক অপ্ৰাকৃতিক গতিত বাঢ়িবলৈ ধৰিছে। কাৰ্লাইলৰ সৈতে সম্পৰ্ক কৰাত তেওঁ বেলাৰ গৰ্ভাৱস্থা নিশ্চিত কৰে আৰু দুয়ো লগে লগে ফোৰ্কছ,ৱাছিংটনলৈ ঘূৰি আহে। ভ্ৰূণটি অসাধাৰণ গতিত বাঢ়িবলৈ ধৰা দেখি এডৱাৰ্ড বেলাৰ স্বাস্থ্য সম্পৰ্কে সজাগ হয় আৰু ভ্ৰূণটিয়ে বেলাক ধ্বংস কৰি পেলাব বুলি ভাবি বেলাক গৰ্ভপাত কৰাবলৈ জোৰ কৰে। কিন্তু গৰ্ভস্থ সন্তানটিৰ লগত এক সম্পৰ্ক অনুভৱ কৰি বেলাই গৰ্ভপাত কৰাবলৈ অমান্তি হয়। কিতাপখনৰ দ্বিতীয় খণ্ডটি আকাৰ পৰিৱৰ্তক জেকব ব্লেকৰ দৃষ্টিকোণৰ পৰা ৰচিত আৰু ই বেলাৰ গৰ্ভাৱস্থা তথা সন্তানজন্মক সামৰি লয়। ইপিনে জেকবৰ কুইলেট কুকুৰনেছীয়া বাঘৰ দলটিয়ে নিৰাপত্তাৰ খাতিৰত বেলা আৰু সন্তানটিক হত্যা কৰিবলৈ থিৰ কৰে। জেকব এই সিদ্ধান্তত মান্তি নহয় আৰু ছেথ তথা লী ক্লিয়েৰৱাটাৰেৰে সৈতে নিজাকৈ এক দল গঠন কৰে। এটা সময়ত বেলাই সন্তান জন্ম দিয়ে। ই বেলাৰ ৰাজহাড়কে ধৰি বেছিভাগ হাড়েই ভাগি পেলাই লগতে বেলাই এক বুজন পৰিমাণৰ তেজ হেৰুৱাই। বেলাক জীয়াই ৰাখিবলৈ এডৱাৰ্ডে বেলাৰ কলিজাত নিজৰ বিষ বিয়পাই দিয়ে। বেলাক মৃত বুলি ভাবি জেকবে নৱজাতিকা ৰেণেস্মেক হত্যা কৰিবলৈ আহে কিন্তু ৰেণেস্মেত সি নিজৰ সাঁচ অংকিত হোৱা (Imprint) দেখা পায়-যি হ'ল এটা প্ৰক্ৰিয়া যাৰ দ্বাৰা স্বয়ংক্ৰিয় ভাৱে কুকুৰনেছীয়া মানুহবোৰে সিহঁতৰ জীৱনসংগী বিচাৰি পায়। বেলাৰ দৃষ্টিকোণৰ পৰা ৰচিত তৃতীয় খণ্ডটিত এক ভেম্পায়াৰলৈ বেলাৰ যন্ত্ৰণাময় ৰূপান্তৰ তথা নতুন জীৱনত বেলাই নিজৰ নতুন শক্তিসমূহক লৈ কৰা অনুভৱৰ বৰ্ণনা আছে। ইপিনে ইৰিণা নামৰ ভেম্পায়াৰ এজনীয়ে ৰেণেস্মেক ভুলক্ৰমে "অমৰ শিশু" অৰ্থাৎ জন্মৰ পিছত ভেম্পায়াৰ হোৱা শিশু বুলি ভাবে। অমৰ শিশুবোৰ অনিয়ন্ত্ৰণশীল হোৱা বাবে "অমৰ শিশু"ৰ নিৰ্মাণ ভল্ট্চুৰিৰ মতে অপৰাধ। ইৰিণাই ৰেণেস্মেৰ কথা ভল্ট্চুৰিক কোৱাত ভল্ট্চুৰিয়ে ৰেণেস্মেৰ লগতে কালেন পৰিয়ালক ধ্বংস কৰিবলৈ সিদ্ধান্ত কৰে। ৰেণেস্মে যে "অমৰ শিশু" নহয় সেয়া ভল্ট্চুৰিক বিশ্বাস জন্মাবলৈ কালেন পৰিয়ালে গোটেই পৃথিৱীৰ পৰা বিভিন্ন ভেম্পায়াৰ দলক নিমন্ত্ৰণ কৰে। সকলো সাক্ষ্য গ্ৰহণৰ পিছত ভল্ট্চুৰিয়ে তেওঁলোকক যে ভুল তথ্য দিয়া হৈছিল সেয়া বুজি পায় আৰু ইৰিণাক মৃত্যুদণ্ড দিয়া হয়। অৱশ্যে ভল্ট্চুৰিয়ে ৰেণেস্মেক হত্যা কৰা উচিত নে অনুচিত তাক লৈ সন্দিহান হয়। সেই সময়তে এলিছ আৰু জেস্পাৰে নেহুৱেল নামৰ ১৫০ বছৰীয়া ৰেণেস্মেৰ দৰে মানুহ আৰু ভেম্পায়াৰৰ বৰ্ণসংকৰ এজনক লগত লৈ তাত উপস্থিত হয়। নেহুৱেলে কয় যে বৰ্ণসংকৰবোৰে কোনো বিপদ কঢ়িয়াই নানে আৰু তেতিয়া ভল্ট্চুৰি সেই ঠাই এৰি গুচি যায়। এডৱাৰ্ড,বেলা আৰু ৰেণেস্মেয়ে সম্প্ৰীতিৰে ঘৰমুৱা হয়। ==পটভূমি== ===বিকাশ=== প্ৰথমতে মেয়াৰে ফৰেভাৰ ড'ন নামৰ এখন কিতাপ লিখিছিল যি আছিল টোৱাইলাইটৰ ছিকুৱেল।<ref name="forever">{{cite web |url=http://www.stepheniemeyer.com/otherprojects_craptastic.html |title=Forever Dawn |publisher=StephenieMeyer.com |accessdate=2008-09-07 |archivedate=2008-10-04 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081004225340/http://www.stepheniemeyer.com/otherprojects_craptastic.html |deadurl=yes }}</ref> মূল কাহিনীটো একে ৰাখি ফৰেভাৰ ড'ন সম্পূৰ্ণৰূপে বেলাৰ দৃষ্টিকোণৰ পৰা ৰচিত হৈছিল য'ত জেকব আৰু কুকুৰনেছীয়া মানুহৰ কথাবোৰ সামান্যতম হে উল্লেখিত হৈছিল,য'ত ভিক্টোৰিয়া আৰু লৰেণ্ট জীৱিত আছিল আৰু ইয়াৰ এক উপসংহাৰো আছিল।<ref name="moviefilm"/> কিতাপখনৰ যিটো অংশ লিখিবলৈ মেয়াৰক আটাইতকৈ বেছি সময় লাগিছিল সেইখিনি আছিল এক ভেম্পায়াৰলৈ বেলাৰ ৰূপান্তৰৰ পিছৰ তিনিমাহৰ বৰ্ণনা,কাৰণ "সেই অংশৰ প্ৰতিটো শব্দ লিখিবলৈ যিমান সময় খৰচ কৰা হৈছিল সেয়া সম্ভৱতঃ বাকী অংশত খৰচ কৰা সময়ৰ প্ৰায় দহগুণ আছিল"।<ref>{{cite book|title=The Twilight Saga: The Official Illustrated Guide|first=Stephenie|last=Meyer|authorlink=Stephenie Meyer|publisher=Little, Brown and Company|month=April|year=2011|isbn=978-0-316-04312-0|chapter=A Conversation with Shannon Hale, On Finding Story Ideas}}</ref> ২০০৩ চনত ভেম্পায়াৰৰ বিষয়ে গৱেষণা কৰি থাকোতে তেওঁৰ ইনকিউবাচ নামৰ এক সন্তান জন্ম দিব পৰা পিশাচৰ লগত পৰিচিতি ঘটে আৰু তেতিয়াই তেওঁৰ মনলৈ বেলা গৰ্ভৱতী হোৱাৰ চিন্তা আহে।<ref name="moviefilm"/> নিজৰ সন্তানটিক হত্যা নকৰিবলৈ বেলাৰ সিদ্ধান্ত মেয়াৰৰ পৰাই অনুপ্ৰাণিত আছিল কাৰণ মেয়াৰক যদি কোনোবাই তেওঁ নিজে জীয়াই থাকিবলৈ তেওঁৰ সন্তানটিক হত্যা কৰিবলৈ ক'লেহেতেন,তেওঁ ফলাফলৰ কথা চিন্তা নকৰি কেৱল তাক জন্ম দিলেহেতেন।<ref name="Chicago">{{cite web|url=http://www.twilightlexicon.com/the-lexicon/personal-correspondence/the-breaking-dawn-concert-tour-chicago-qa/|title=The Breaking Dawn Concert Tour-Chicago Q&A|publisher=Twilight Lexicon|accessdate=July 6, 2011}}</ref> মেয়াৰে বেলাৰ ভেম্পায়াৰ হোৱাৰ পিছৰ অনুভৱ বোৰৰ বিষয়ে আৰু অধিক লিখিব খুজিছিল। সেয়া লিখি তেওঁ "খুব আনন্দ পাইছিল" আৰু কিতাপখন বেলাৰ দৃষ্টিকোণৰ পৰা শেষ কৰিব বিচাৰিছিল কিন্তু ইয়াক "কিছু কঠিন" বুলিও ভাবিছিল কাৰণ তেওঁ কাহিনীটো আৰু সলনি কৰিব নোৱাৰে।<ref name="Seattle">{{cite web|url=http://www.twilightlexicon.com/the-lexicon/personal-correspondence/the-breaking-dawn-concert-tour-seattle-qa/|title=The Breaking Dawn Concert Tour-Seattle Q&A |publisher=Twilight Lexicon|accessdate=July 6, 2011}}</ref> ৰেণেস্মেৰ ব্যতিক্ৰম নামটোৰ কথা সোধাত মেয়াৰে কয় যে "তাইৰ নাম জেনিফাৰ বা এছলী ৰাখিব নোৱাৰি। পৃথিৱীৰ আটাইতকৈ বেছি ব্যতিক্ৰমী শিশুটোক তুমি কি নাম দিবা? বহুতো শিশু নামৰ ৱেবচাইট বিচাৰি মই চলাথ কৰিছিলো। কিন্তু শেষত ভাবিলো যে কোনো মানুহৰ নামেই ইয়াত খাপ নাখাব আৰু প্ৰয়োজনীয়তাৰ ওচৰত আত্মসমৰ্পণ কৰি নিজেই নামটি সৃষ্টি কৰিলো। "<ref name="moviefilm"/> শৃংখলাটি শেষ হোৱাৰ প্ৰসংগত মেয়াৰে কয় <blockquote>টোৱাইলাইট শৃংখলাটি প্ৰকৃতাৰ্থত বেলাৰ কাহিনী আৰু তাইৰ কাহিনী শেষ হোৱাৰ ইয়েই স্বাভাৱিক ঠাই। পথৰ সকলো বাধা আঁতৰাই অৱশেষত তাই চিৰবাঞ্চিত ঠাইত উপস্থিত হয়। মই এই কাহিনীটো আৰু দীঘল কৰি নিব পাৰিলোহেতেন কিন্তু আৰু লিখি থকাটো মোৰ বাবে আনন্দদায়ক নহ'লহেতেন। কাহিনীবোৰত সংঘাত থকাটো প্ৰয়োজনীয় আৰু বেলা কেন্দ্ৰিত সকলো সংঘাতৰ মীমাংসা হৈ গ'ল।<ref name="moviefilm" /></blockquote> ===প্ৰভাৱ=== শ্বেইকছপীয়েৰৰ মাৰ্চেন্ট অৱ ভেনিচ আৰু এ মিডছামাৰ নাইটছ ড্ৰীমে ব্ৰেকিং ড'নক প্ৰভাৱান্বিত কৰিছে।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.stepheniemeyer.com/bd_faq.html|title=Twilight Series - Breaking Dawn - FAQ|publisher=StephenieMeyer.com|accessdate=June 1, 2011|archivedate=July 12, 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160712215353/http://stepheniemeyer.com/bd_faq.html|deadurl=yes}}</ref> মেয়াৰে সিদ্ধান্ত কৰে যে এলিছে তেওঁৰ নিৰ্দেশসমূহ মাৰ্চেন্ট অৱ ভেনিচৰ পৃষ্ঠা এটাত লিখিব আৰু ইয়াৰ দ্বাৰা এয়া ঈংগিত দিয়া হয় যে নাটক খনৰ দৰেই কিতাপখনৰো শেষত এক মানসিক যুঁজ হে হ'ব,শাৰীৰিক নহয়, তদুপৰি মাৰ্চেন্ট অৱ ভেনিচৰ দৰেই ইয়াতো সকলোৰে এক সুখময় পৰিসমাপ্তি ঘটিব। প্ৰথমতে এলিছে চাৰ্লট ব্ৰন্টেৰ জেন আয়াৰ উপন্যাসৰ এটা পৃষ্ঠা ছিঙা কথা আছিল যদিও কাহিনীৰ লগত জেন আয়াৰৰ কোনো সম্পৰ্ক নথকা বাবে মেয়াৰে ইয়াক সলনি কৰে।<ref>{{cite book|title=The Twilight Saga: The Official Illustrated Guide|first=Stephenie|last=Meyer|authorlink=Stephenie Meyer|publisher= Little, Brown and Company|month=April|year=2011|isbn=978-0-316-04312-0|chapter=A Conversation with Shannon Hale, On Literary Inspirations}}</ref> ফৰেভাৰ ড'নতো উল্লেখ থকা সাঁচ অংকিত হোৱা (Imprint) ধাৰণা টো এ মিডছামাৰ নাইটছ ড্ৰীমৰ পৰা লোৱা। মেয়াৰৰ মতে এয়া "সকলো সমস্যা ঠিক কৰি পেলোৱা এক যাদু-যি বাস্তৱ জীৱনত সংঘটিত নহয়,যি এক অলীক কল্পনা" আৰু তেওঁ ইয়াক ইক্লিপ্সতেই প্ৰকাশ কৰিব বিচাৰে যাতে পিছত আৰু বৰ্ণনা কৰিবলগীয়া নহয়।<ref>{{cite book|title=The Twilight Saga: The Official Illustrated Guide|first=Stephenie|last=Meyer|authorlink=Stephenie Meyer|publisher=Little, Brown and Company|month=April|year=2011|isbn=978-0-316-04312-0|chapter=A Conversation with Shannon Hale, On Literary Inspirations}}</ref> ===বেটুপাত=== মেয়াৰে কয় যে ইয়াৰ "বেটুপাতটি খুবেই অৰ্থপূৰ্ণ" আৰু ইয়াক দেখি তেওঁ "খুবেই আনন্দিত" হৈছিল।<ref name="Los Angles">{{cite web|url=http://www.twilightlexicon.com/the-lexicon/personal-correspondence/breaking-dawn-concert-tour-los-angles-qa/|title=Breaking Dawn Concert Tour-Los Angles Q&A|publisher=Twilight Lexicon|accessdate=July 7, 2011}}</ref> বেটুপাতটো প্ৰকৃতাৰ্থত গোটেই শৃংখলাটিত বেলাৰ উত্তৰণৰ এক প্ৰতীক,দবাখেলৰ সকলোতকৈ দূৰ্বল খেলুৱৈ এটা সৈনিক ৰূপে যাত্ৰাৰম্ভ কৰি বেলাই শেষত আটাইতকৈ শক্তিশালী খেলুৱৈ,ৰাণী হৈ পৰে।<ref name="moviefilm">{{cite web|url=http://www.stepheniemeyer.com/bd_faq.html|title=Breaking Dawn FAQ|publisher=StephenieMeyer.com|accessdate=2008-09-07|archivedate=2016-07-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160712215353/http://stepheniemeyer.com/bd_faq.html|deadurl=yes}}</ref> বেটুপাতৰ ডবাখেলৰ পৃষ্ঠখনেও এয়া সূচায় যে "ভল্ট্চুৰিৰে সৈতে শেষৰ যুজঁখন বুদ্ধি আৰু যুক্তিৰেহে যুঁজিব পৰা যাব,শাৰীৰিক শক্তিৰে নহয়। "<ref>{{cite book|title=The Twilight Saga: The Official Illustrated Guide|first=Stephenie|last=Meyer|authorlink=Stephenie Meyer|publisher= Little, Brown and Company|month=April|year=2011|isbn=978-0-316-04312-0|chapter=Frequently Asked Questions}}</ref> ===শীৰ্ষক=== "ব্ৰেকিং ড'ন" অৰ্থাৎ দোকমোকালিয়ে এক নৱজন্মা ভেম্পায়াৰ ৰূপে বেলাৰ নতুন জীৱনৰ আৰম্ভণিৰ কথা বুজাইছে।<ref name="moviefilm"/> প্ৰথমতে মেয়াৰে ইয়াৰ নাম ফৰেভাৰ ড'ন ৰাখিব খুজিছিল যদিও নামটো খুব "সস্তীয়া" যেন লগাত তাক বাদ দিয়ে। কিতাপখনৰ কাহিনী অনুসৰি ইয়াৰ নামটোত এক "বিপদৰ উমান" দিবলৈ তেওঁ "ব্ৰেকিং ড'ন" নামটো পছন্দ কৰে। কিতাপখনৰ এইটো নাম ৰখাৰ অন্য এক কাৰণ হ'ল ই কিতাপখনৰ কাহিনীভাগৰ লগত মিল খায়,যিটো কেন্দ্ৰিত হয় "এক নৱজাগৰণ তথা নতুন দিনৰ দিশে আৰু য'ত বহুতো সমস্যা লুকাই আছে"।<ref name="Los Angles"/> ==মুক্তি== ===ব্যৱসায়=== ৩০ মে',২০০৮ত এণ্টাৰটেইনমেণ্ট ৱিকলী আলোচনীয়ে ব্ৰেকিং ড'নৰ এক ঊদ্ধৃতি প্ৰকাশ কৰে।<ref name="excerpt">{{cite news|url=http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,20203238,00.html?iid=top25-20080530-Stephenie+Meyer%3A+Exclusive+book+preview|title=EW.com Excerpt|publisher=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|accessdate=2008-09-07|date=2008-08-05|archivedate=2008-09-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080912020027/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,20203238,00.html?iid=top25-20080530-Stephenie+Meyer%3A+Exclusive+book+preview|deadurl=yes}}</ref> ২ আগষ্ট,২০০৮ত ইয়াৰ প্ৰকাশৰ প্ৰায় তিনিসপ্তাহ আগৰে পৰা মেয়াৰে ব্ৰেকিং ড'নৰ পৰা "দিনটোৰ উক্তি" হিচাপে প্ৰতিদিনে একোটা উক্তি প্ৰকাশ কৰে। ইয়াৰে প্ৰথম উক্তিটো মেয়াৰৰ ৱেবচাইটত ১২ জুলাই তাৰিখে প্ৰকাশিত হয়।<ref name="quoteaday">{{cite web|url=http://www.stepheniemeyer.com/bd_quotes.html|title=Breaking Dawn Quotes|publisher=StephenieMeyer.com|accessdate=2008-09-07|archivedate=2008-08-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080820071626/http://www.stepheniemeyer.com/bd_quotes.html|deadurl=yes}}</ref> [[ইক্লিপ্স (উপন্যাস)|ইক্লিপ্স]]ৰ এক বিশেষ সংস্কৰণত ব্ৰেকিং ড'নৰ প্ৰথম অধ্যায় "এংগেজ্ড" প্ৰকাশ কৰা হয়।<ref name="release">{{cite web|url=http://www.stepheniemeyer.com/breakingdawn.html|title=Breaking Dawn Release Party.|publisher=StephenieMeyer.com|accessdate=2008-09-07|archivedate=2008-12-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081213002514/http://www.stepheniemeyer.com/breakingdawn.html|deadurl=yes}}</ref> ২ আগষ্ট,২০০৮ত প্ৰায় ৪,০০০ কিতাপৰ দোকানত মধ্যৰাত্ৰি প্ৰকাশ অনুষ্ঠান পাতি আনুষ্ঠানিক ভাৱে ব্ৰেকিং ড'নক মুক্তি দিয়া হয়<ref name="Falconer"/> যাৰ অধিকাংশতেই সাজ-সজ্জা,তথ্য প্ৰতিযোগিতা,হস্তকলা,ফেচ পেইণ্টিং আদি অনুষ্ঠিত হৈছিল।<ref>{{cite web |author=Lauren Wilson |title=Teens clamoring for the next 'Twilight' book |url=http://www.ocregister.com/articles/series-breaking-dawn-2110774-book-twilight |publisher=[[The Orange County Register|OC Register]] |date=2008-07-31 |accessdate=2009-09-19 |archivedate=2009-01-20 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090120093335/http://www.ocregister.com/articles/series-breaking-dawn-2110774-book-twilight |deadurl=yes }}</ref> চকলেট নিৰ্মাণকাৰী সংস্থা গ'ডিভা ই টোৱাইলাইটক বিষয় হিচাপে লৈ এক চকলেট বাৰো নিৰ্মাণ কৰে যাক বাৰ্ণছ এণ্ড নোবেলছৰ কিতাপৰ দোকানত প্ৰকাশ অনুষ্ঠানৰ দিনা মুকলি কৰা হয়।<ref name="chocolate">{{cite web|url=http://moviesblog.mtv.com/2008/07/30/take-a-bite-out-of-the-twilight-chocolate-bar/|title=Twilight Chocolate|publisher=MTV|accessdate=2008-09-07|archivedate=2008-09-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080906210932/http://moviesblog.mtv.com/2008/07/30/take-a-bite-out-of-the-twilight-chocolate-bar/|deadurl=yes}}</ref> ===প্ৰকাশ=== '''ব্ৰেকিং ড'ন''' মুকলি হোৱাৰ আগতেই টোৱাইলাইট শৃংখলাৰ অন্য তিনিখন কিতাপৰ আমেৰিকাত ৮.৫ মিলিয়ন<ref name="Milliot"/> আৰু য়ুকেত ২ মিলিয়ন<ref>{{cite web |title=Breaking Dawn wins Children's Book of the Year Galaxy British Book Award for Stephenie Meyer |url=http://www.littlebrown.co.uk/NewsEvents/News-Archive/Breaking-Dawn-wins-Children-s-Book-of-the-Year |publisher=Little, Brown |accessdate=2009-09-19 |archivedate=2012-04-06 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120406191554/http://www.littlebrown.co.uk/NewsEvents/News-Archive/Breaking-Dawn-wins-Children-s-Book-of-the-Year |deadurl=yes }}</ref> কিতাপ বিক্ৰী হৈছিল। ব্ৰেকিং ড'ন ২০০৮ৰ এক অতি প্ৰত্যাশিত উপন্যাস আছিল যাৰ কথা দ্য গাৰ্ডিয়ানে এনেদৰে লিখিছিল "গোটেই পৃথিৱীৰ চেমনীয়াসকলে ষ্টিফেনি মেয়াৰৰ ভেম্পায়াৰ শৃংখলাৰ পৰৱৰ্তী উপন্যাসখনৰ বাবে অধীৰ আগ্ৰহেৰে বাট চাই আছে"।<ref name="Falconer"/> এই উচ্চ চাহিদা পূৰাবলৈ লিটল,ব্ৰাউন এণ্ড কোম্পানীয়ে ৫০০,০০০খন কিতাপ বেচিকৈ প্ৰকাশ কৰি প্ৰথম প্ৰকাশতেই ৩.৭ মিলিয়ন কিতাপ মুকলি কৰি দিয়ে।<ref name="Milliot"/> প্ৰথম ২৪ ঘন্টাতেই ইয়াৰ আমেৰিকাত ১.৩ মিলিয়ন<ref name="Milliot"/> আৰু য়ুকে ত ২০,০০০ কিতাপ বিক্ৰী হয়<ref>,{{cite news |author=Alison Flood |title=Dream sales for new children's fantasy |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/books/2008/sep/23/booksforchildrenandteenagers.publishing |publisher=The Guardian |date=2008-09-23 |accessdate=2009-09-19 | location=London}}</ref>লগতে কানাডাত প্ৰথমটো সপ্তাহান্তত ১০০,০০০ কিতাপ বিক্ৰী হয়।<ref>{{cite news |title=Disappointed Breaking Dawn fans organize protest |url=http://www.cbc.ca/arts/books/story/2008/08/08/meyer-protest.html |publisher=[[CBC News]] |date=2008-08-08 |accessdate=2009-09-19 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080819230540/http://www.cbc.ca/arts/books/story/2008/08/08/meyer-protest.html |archivedate=2008-08-19 |deadurl=no }}</ref> ব্ৰেকিং ড'নে ইউএচএ টুডেৰ 'শীৰ্ষ ১৫০ সৰ্বাধিক বিক্ৰী হোৱা কিতাপৰ তালিকা'ত প্ৰথম স্থানত অভিষিক্ত হয় আৰু সেই তালিকাত ই প্ৰায় ৫৮ সপ্তাহ কটায়।<ref>{{cite news |title=This week's top 150 best sellers |url=http://content.usatoday.com/life/books/booksdatabase/default.aspx |publisher=USA Today |date=2009-09-13 |accessdate=2009-09-19 }}</ref> ৬মিলিয়নতকৈও অধিক বিক্ৰীৰে ই ২০০৮ৰ সৰ্বাধিক বিক্ৰী হোৱা শিশু গ্ৰন্থ হিচাপে চিহ্নিত হয়।<ref>{{cite web |author=Diane Roback |title=Bestselling Children's Books 2008: Meyer's Deep Run |url=http://www.publishersweekly.com/article/CA6645692.html?q=Stephenie+Meyer+ |publisher=Publishers Weekly |date=2009-03-23 |accessdate=2009-09-19 |archivedate=2012-10-08 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121008103738/http://www.publishersweekly.com/article/CA6645692.html?q=Stephenie+Meyer+ |deadurl=yes }}</ref> ৪ আগষ্ট,২০০৯ত ব্ৰেকিং ড'নৰ এক বিশেষ সংস্কৰণ মুকলি হয় যাৰ লগত ব্ৰেকিং ড'ন কনচাৰ্ট শৃংখলা আৰু মেয়াৰৰ সৈতে এক সাক্ষাৎকাৰৰ ডিভিডি দিয়া হৈছিল।<ref>{{cite web |title=Breaking Dawn Special Edition |url=http://www.amazon.com/dp/031604461X |publisher=Amazon.com |date=2009-08-04 |accessdate=2009-11-15 }}</ref> ==সঁহাৰি== ব্ৰেকিং ড'নে মিশ্ৰিত সঁহাৰি লাভ কৰে। লেভ গ্ৰচমেনে লিখিছে "প্ৰথমতে,যিহেতু এমাজনত বহুতো একতাৰকাযুক্ত মতামত প্ৰকাশ পাইছে,মই সমুখ সমৰত কওঁ : মই ব্ৰেকিং ড'ন ভাল পাইছো"।<ref>{{cite news |1=Lev Grossman |title=Twilight of the Idols: The Breaking Dawn Review (spoilers) |url=http://nerdworld.blogs.time.com/2008/08/04/twilight_of_the/ |publisher=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=2008-08-04 |accessdate=2009-09-19 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> স্কুল লাইব্ৰেৰী জাৰ্ণালৰ কাৰা ভণ ৰেংগল কিনছেয়ে কিতাপখনক মুগ্ধকৰ বুলি কৈ ধনাত্মক মন্তব্য দিয়ে আৰু কয় "এই উপন্যাসখনি আগৰকেইখনতকৈ অধিক ৰহস্যঘন,মেয়াৰৰ কাহিনীৰ ছাকনৈয়া বোৰ চৰিত্ৰৰ বাহিৰ হৈ নাযায়"।<ref>{{cite web |author=Cara von Wrangel |title=Breaking Dawn by Stephenie Meyer |url=http://www.schoollibraryjournal.com/article/CA6586098.html?q=breaking+dawn+captivating |publisher=School Library Journal |date=2008-08-11 |accessdate=2009-09-19 }}</ref> দ্য চাৰ্লট অৱজাৰ্ভাৰে ইয়াক "খুব ভালকৈ গুঠা হৈছে" বুলি কয় যদিও ইয়াৰ দৈৰ্ঘ্যক সমালোচনা কৰি কয় "মই ভাবো (ষ্টিফেনি মেয়াৰে) ইমানবোৰ কথা এখন কিতাপত লিখাটো উচিত নাছিল। ই দুখন কিতাপ হ'ব লাগিছিল। "<ref>{{cite web |author=Lilah Lohr |title=Last 'Twilight' bite has lots to chew on |url=http://www.charlotteobserver.com/books/story/115578.html?q=stephenie%20meyer |publisher=The Charlotte Observer |date=2008-08-12 |accessdate=2009-09-19 }}</ref> চিকাগো ট্ৰিবিউনৰ মেৰী হেৰিছ ৰাছেলে ইয়াক আনন্দদায়ক অধ্যয়ন আখ্যা দি কয় যে ষ্টিফেনি মেয়াৰে "পৰিয়াল,চেমনীয়াসকল আৰু জনপ্ৰিয় সংস্কৃতিৰ বিষয়ে তেওঁৰ ৰসাল লিখনিৰ ধাৰাবাহিকতা বজাই ৰাখিছে",<ref>{{cite news |author=Mary Harris Russell |title="Breaking Dawn," by Stephenie Meyer |url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/entertainment/books/chi-stephenie-meyer-09aug09,0,6606840.story |publisher=Chicago Tribune |date=2008-08-09 |accessdate=2009-09-19 }}</ref> য'তনেকি টাইমে ইয়াক "বেলা আৰু এডৱাৰ্ডৰ মালিতাৰ এক বন্য কিন্তু সন্তোষদায়ক সামৰণি" বুলি অভিহিত কৰি ইয়াক A- ৰ মৰ্যাদা দিয়ে।<ref>{{cite news |title=Breaking Dawn |url=http://www.time.com/time/specials/2007/article/0,28804,1623143_1830841_1830843,00.html |publisher=Time |date=2009-08-07 |accessdate=2009-09-19 |archivedate=2009-06-15 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090615070032/http://www.time.com/time/specials/2007/article/0,28804,1623143_1830841_1830843,00.html |deadurl=yes }}</ref> পাব্লিছাৰ্চ ৱিকলীৰ মতে ব্ৰেকিং ড'নৰ প্ৰধান সমস্যাটো হ'ল "আৱশ্যকীয় ভাৱে,ইয়াত সকলোৱে যি বিচাৰে তাকেই পায়,কিন্তু তেওঁলোকৰ ইচ্ছাই দৰাচলতে এক সবল চৰিত্ৰায়ণ অথবা পৃষ্ঠকাহিনীৰ এক পৰিচয় দাবী কৰে। কোনোৱে একো ত্যাগ কৰিবলগীয়া নহয় আৰু কোনোৱে দীঘলীয়া সময়ৰ কাৰণে একো সহিব লগীয়াও নহয়,এক কথাত ক'বলৈ গ'লে ইয়াৰ কোনো মহত্ত্ব নাই"।<ref name="PW">{{cite web |url=http://www.amazon.com/dp/031606792X|title=Publishers Weekly review|publisher=Amazon.com|accessdate=2008-09-07}}</ref> দ্য এছোছিয়েটেড প্ৰেছ ত প্ৰকাশিত এক প্ৰবন্ধত সাংবাদিক ছাৰা ৰোজে কয় যে এই শৃংখলাৰ অনুৰাগীসকলে "ব্যস্ত চৰিত্ৰবোৰ,উৎকৃষ্ট হাস্যৰস,মনোযোগ আড়ষ্ট কৰা এক ধুনীয়া চিন্তাগ্ৰস্ততা,অনুভূতিৰ খুটিনাটিত প্ৰয়োগ কৰা মনোযোগ" ভাল পাব যদিও "সাধাৰণ পাঠকসকলে অধিক নিৰ্মাণ আৰু কম কাৰ্য্য দেখি হতাশ হ'ব পাৰে"।<ref name="newsok">{{cite web |url=http://newsok.com/breaking-dawn-has-surprises-but-little-action-as-saga-ends/article/3280307|title=NewsOK.com article|publisher=NewsOK.com|accessdate=2008-09-07}}</ref> এন্টাৰটেইনমেন্ট ৱিকলীয়ে ইয়াক 'D'ৰ মৰ্যাদা দিয়ে আৰু জন্মৰ দৃশ্যটো সমালোচনা কৰি কয় যে বেলাৰ মাত্ৰ "এডৱাৰ্ডৰ বাবে এক স্থিৰ অনুৰাগ" আছে, তাৰ বাহিৰে অন্য উদ্দেশ্য নাই।<ref name="EW">{{cite news|url=http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,20217628,00.html?xid=rss-books-reviews-20080808-Breaking+Dawn|title=EW Review|publisher=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|accessdate=2008-09-07|date=2008-08-08|archivedate=2013-06-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130603011107/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,20217628,00.html?xid=rss-books-reviews-20080808-Breaking+Dawn|deadurl=yes}}</ref> দ্য ৱাছিংটন পোষ্টেও ইয়াক ঋণাত্মক ভাৱে সমালোচনা কৰি "মেয়াৰে তেওঁৰ নিজৰে প্ৰিয় সৃষ্টিৰ কলিজাৰে এডাল শেল মাৰি পঠিয়াইছে","ব্ৰেকিং ড'নত এটা শিশুৰ জন্মৰ দৃশ্য আছে যিয়ে সংবেদনশীল লিখনিক জীৱনজুৰি বৰ্জন কৰিবলৈ ইচ্ছা জগাব পাৰে" আদি মন্তব্য দিয়ে।<ref name="stake">{{cite news |url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/08/07/AR2008080702528.html|title=Washington Post Review|publisher=The Washington Post|accessdate=2008-09-07 | first=Elizabeth | last=Hand | date=2008-08-10}}</ref> এন্টাৰটেইনমেন্ট ৱিকলীৰ সৈতে হোৱা এক সাক্ষাৎকাৰত মেয়াৰে কিতাপখনৰ প্ৰতি বহু অনুৰাগীৰ ঋণাত্মক সঁহাৰিক "ৰব প্ৰভাৱ" বুলি অভিহিত কৰে,অৰ্থাং যিদৰে অনুৰাগীসকলে ৰবাৰ্ট পেটিনছনে টোৱাইলাইট চলচ্চিত্ৰত এডৱাৰ্ডৰ ভূমিকাত অভিনয় কৰা কথাটো সহজভাৱে লব পৰা নাছিল,একেদৰে ব্ৰেকিং ডনৰ সামৰণিটো গ্ৰহণ কৰিবলৈও তেওঁলোকক কিছু সময় লাগিব।<ref name="video">{{cite news |url=http://www.ew.com/ew/video/exclusives?lineupId=1155151521&videoId=1717903074|title=First looks|publisher=EW.com|accessdate=2008-09-07}}</ref> ===পুৰস্কাৰ আৰু সন্মান=== ব্ৰেকিং ড'নে "চিলড্ৰেনছ বুক অফ দ্য ইয়েৰ"ৰ "ব্ৰিটিছ বুক এৱাৰ্ড" লাভ কৰে।<ref>{{cite news | author=Hephzibah Anderson | title=Obama's 'Dreams,' Meyer's Vampires Capture 'Nibbie' Book Awards | url=http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601088&sid=atco4IDHLk44&refer=home | publisher=Bloomberg.com | date=2009-04-03 | accessdate=2009-04-11 }}</ref> ২০০৯ৰ "চিলড্ৰেনছ চইজ বুক এৱাৰ্ডছ"ত এই উপন্যাসখন "টীন চইজ বুক অৱ দ্য ইয়েৰ" হিচাপে নিৰ্বাচিত হয় আৰু মেয়াৰে 'বছৰটোৰ লেখক' বা 'অথৰ অৱ দ্য ইয়েৰ' বঁটা লাভ কৰে।<ref>{{cite web |title=Children's Choice Book Award Winners Announced |url=http://www.cbcbooks.org/NewsEvent/details.aspx?id=17 |publisher=Children's Book Council |date=2009-05-13 |accessdate=2009-05-14 |archivedate=2009-05-15 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090515022500/http://www.cbcbooks.org/NewsEvent/details.aspx?id=17 |deadurl=yes }}</ref> ==চলচ্চিত্ৰ অভিযোজন== ছাম্মিট এন্টাৰটেইনমেন্টে ২০০৮ চনৰ নৱেম্বৰ মাহত ঘোষণা কৰে যে তেওঁলোকে মেয়াৰৰ চতুৰ্থ উপন্যাস '''ব্ৰেকিং ড'ন'''ৰ স্বত্ব লাভ কৰিছে।<ref>{{cite news |author=Steven Zeitchik |title='Twilight' film franchise looks ahead |url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/hr/content_display/film/news/e3ifc7bb2290700c27f4a0ada4363d9b59e |publisher=The Hollywood Reporter |date=2008-11-14 |accessdate=2008-12-13 |archivedate=2008-12-04 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081204062709/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/hr/content_display/film/news/e3ifc7bb2290700c27f4a0ada4363d9b59e |deadurl=yes }}</ref> এপ্ৰিল,২০১০ত তেওঁলোকে "টোৱাইলাইট ছাগা : ব্ৰেকিং ড'ন"ৰ চলচ্চিত্ৰ অভিযোজন নিৰ্মাণৰ সেউজ সংকেত দিয়ে। এই ছবিখন দুটা ভাগত নিৰ্মিত হয় যাৰ প্ৰথম ভাগটিয়ে ১৮ নৱেম্বৰ,২০১১ মুক্তি লাভ কৰে।<ref>{{cite news |url=http://thresq.hollywoodreporter.com/2010/05/twilight-breaking-dawn-rob-pattinson-taylor-lautner.html |title=Breaking Legal News & Entertainment Law Blog - THR, ESQ |publisher=Thresq.hollywoodreporter.com |date= |accessdate=2011-06-19 |archivedate=2010-05-14 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100514143051/http://thresq.hollywoodreporter.com/2010/05/twilight-breaking-dawn-rob-pattinson-taylor-lautner.html |deadurl=yes }}</ref> ৬ আগষ্ট,২০১০,শুক্ৰবাৰে ছাম্মিট এন্টাৰটেইনমেন্টে ঘোষণা কৰে যে ইয়াৰ দ্বিতীয় ভাগটি ১৬ নৱেম্বৰ,২০১২ ত মুকলি হ'ব।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ourtwilightchronicles.blogspot.com/2010/08/final-installment-of-breaking-dawn.html |title=Our Twilight Chronicles: Final Installment of Breaking Dawn Release Date: 11/16/12 - Yikes! |publisher=Ourtwilightchronicles.blogspot.com |date=2010-08-06 |accessdate=2011-06-19}}</ref> বিল কনডনে ইয়াৰ দুয়োটা ভাগৰ নিৰ্দেশনা কৰিব আৰু কাৰেন ৰোজেনফেল্ট তথা ৱিক গডফ্ৰেইৰ লগতে ষ্টিফেনি মেয়াৰেও ইয়াৰ সহঃপ্ৰযোজনা কৰিব।<ref name = "Condon">{{cite news | author=Nicole Sperling | title=It's official: Bill Condon will direct Breaking Dawn | url=http://hollywoodinsider.ew.com/2010/04/28/bill-condon-will-direct-twilights-final-chapter-breaking-dawn/ | publisher=Entertainment Weekly | date=2010-04-28 | accessdate=2010-04-28 }}</ref> অভিনেত্ৰী মেগী গ্ৰেচে ইয়াত ইৰিণাৰ চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰিবলৈ চুক্তিবদ্ধ হৈছে আৰু মেকেঞ্জি ফয়ে এডৱাৰ্ড-বেলাৰ আধা ভেম্পায়াৰ-আধা মানুহ সন্তান ৰেণেস্মেৰ চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰিবলৈ চুক্তিবদ্ধ হৈছে।<ref>{{cite news |title=Mackenzie Foy & Maggie Grace to Play in The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn |url=http://thenewsoftoday.com/mackenzie-foy-maggie-grace-to-play-in-the-twilight-saga-breaking-dawn/2795/ |publisher=TheNewsOfToday.com |date=2010-09-28 |accessdate=2010-09-28 |archivedate=2010-10-02 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101002142447/http://thenewsoftoday.com/mackenzie-foy-maggie-grace-to-play-in-the-twilight-saga-breaking-dawn/2795/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref> ==তথ্য সংগ্ৰহ== {{Reflist}} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== * [http://www.stepheniemeyer.com/breakingdawn.html ''Breaking Dawn'' page at StephenieMeyer.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081213002514/http://www.stepheniemeyer.com/breakingdawn.html |date=2008-12-13 }} {{Twilight (series)}} [[শ্ৰেণী:ইংৰাজী গ্ৰন্থ]] [[শ্ৰেণী:আমেৰিকান উপন্যাস]] dd4ivyoe0ubfp0gdkxlr7hxuxvegc6u 0 35460 605926 602693 2026-05-12T04:19:04Z খুং চেং 49750 605926 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:Assamese_Jaapi.png|200px|thumb|অসমীয়া জাপি]] '''জাপি''' অসমীয়া সংস্কৃতিৰ বাহক, [[অসমীয়া জাতি]] আৰু সংস্কৃতিৰ বিশেষ প্ৰতীক ৰূপে সৰ্বজনবিদিত। প্ৰথমে জাপি দেখিবলৈ টুপিৰ দৰে আছিল। কালক্ৰমত তাৰ আকাৰ, ৰং, সজাৰ অৰ্থাৎ তৈয়াৰী কৰা সঁজুলি ভিন্ন ধৰণৰ হ'ল। বাঁহ, বেত, গছৰ পাত জাপি সজাৰ ঘাই উপকৰণ। কোনো কোনো দেশত গছপাত আৰু জন্তুৰ ছালেৰেও জাপি সজা হয়। ৰূপ-সজ্জাৰ ফালৰপৰা ইয়াৰ ভাগ দুটা-ফুলাম জাপি আৰু উকা জাপি। জাপিৰ ইতিহাস বহু পুৰণি। আগৰ দিনত জাপিৰ বিভিন্ন প্ৰকাৰৰ জাপি ব্যৱহাৰ হৈছিল। বৰদৈয়া জাপি, সৰুদৈয়া জাপি আদিও আছিল। ইয়াৰোপৰি পানীজাপি, গৰখীয়া জাপি আদিৰ প্ৰচলন আছিল। জাপি সাধাৰণতে টকৌপাতেৰে তৈয়াৰ কৰা হয়। ২০১৭ চনত ভাৰতীয় ডাক বিভাগে ভাৰতীয় মানুহে মূৰত পৰিধান কৰা ১৬ টা টুপিৰ<ref>https://stampdigest.in/2018/03/14/japi-cap-stamps-on-headgears-of-india-2017/</ref> ডাকটিকট প্ৰচলন কৰিছিল য’ত অসমৰ জাপিয়েও স্থান পাইছিল৷ ==জাপি শব্দটিৰ উৎপত্তি== “জাপি “শব্দটিৰ উৎপত্তি ‘জাপʼ শব্দৰ পৰা হৈছে। যাৰ অৰ্থ টকৌ পাতৰে ভৰ্ত্তি হৈ থকা দম। ==নিৰ্মাণশৈলী== বাঁহ আৰু তাল গছৰ পাত বা টকৌ গছৰ পাত ব্যৱহাৰ কৰি জাপি তৈয়াৰ কৰা হয়। জাপিৰ আকাৰ বিভিন্নধৰণৰ আছে- বৰ জাপি, সৰু জাপি। খেতি-পথাৰত ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা জাপিৰ আকাৰ বৰ জাপিতকৈ সক বহল ঘূৰণীয়া (বৃত্তাকাৰ)। মাজ অংশটোত হালোৱাজনৰ মূৰত খাপ-খাই পৰাকৈ এটা জোঙা কৰা অংশ থাকে। প্ৰথমতে ঘূৰণীয়া আকৃতিৰ (চালনি আকৃতি) মাজত সৰু সৰু ফাক থকা দুখন ছাল (জালি) বৈ তৈয়াৰ কৰি লোৱা হয়, এই চালনি আকৃতিৰ ছাল দুখন বওঁতে একেবাৰে কেন্দ্ৰবিন্দুৰ পৰা আৰম্ভ কৰি ৮ ইঞ্চিমান বৈ হোৱাৰ পাছত এটা অলপ ডাঠ ঘূৰণীয়া শলিৰে বান্ধি ওপৰৰ অংশ জোঙা কৰা হয়। এনেকৈ দুয়োখন ছাল বৈ হোৱাৰ পাছত টকৌ পাত বা তাল পাত ঘূৰণীয়াকৈ কাটি দুইখন ছালৰ মাজত পাৰি দিয়া হয় আৰু ঠায়ে ঠায়ে গাঠি দিয়া হয়।<ref>বৰুৱা,বিৰিঞ্চি কুমাৰ,"অসমৰ লোক-সংস্কৃতি</ref> ==প্ৰকাৰ== ৰূপসজ্জা তথা ব্যৱহাৰৰ ফালৰ পৰা জাপিৰ সুকীয়া সুকীয়া নাম আছে। জাপি কেইপ্ৰকাৰৰ সঠিককৈ ক'বলৈ টান। ''নতুন পোহৰ'' নামৰ ৱেবছাইটটোৰ তথ্য অনুসৰি জাপি ১০ প্ৰকাৰৰ থাকে,<ref>{{cite web|title=জাপিৰ প্ৰকাৰ|url=https://notunpohor.com/2023/05/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF/|publisher=নতুন পোহৰ|accessdate=২৬ ডিচেম্বৰ ২০২৪}}</ref> সেয়া হ'ল - #গৰখীয়া জাপি #পানী জাপি #বনুৱা জাপি #হালোৱা জাপি #উকা জাপি #ফুলাম জাপি #পদুমীয়া জাপি #সৰুদৈয়া‌ জাপি #বৰজাপি #টুপি জাপি [[চিত্র:Assamese Jaapi.jpg|thumb|left|বিহু নৃত্যত ব্যৱহৃত অসমীয়া জাপি]] আনহাতে ''শব্দ অভিধান'' অনুসৰি জাপি কেইবাপ্ৰকাৰৰ আছে।<ref>{{cite web|title=জাপি|url=https://www.xobdo.org/dic/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF|publisher=শব্দ অভিধান|accessdate=২৬ ডিচেম্বৰ ২০২৪}}</ref> যেনে- *ডাং-জাপি, *বৰজাপি, *পানী বা হালোৱা-জাপি, *সৰুদৈয়া জাপি ''ইত্যাদি'' [[শান্তনু কৌশিক বৰুৱা]]ৰ '[[অসম অভিধান (গ্ৰন্থ)|অসম অভিধান]]' অনুসৰি জাপিৰ ভাগ সমূহ হৈছে - গৰখীয়া জাপি, পানী জাপি, বনুৱা জাপি, হালোৱা জাপি, উকা জাপি, ফুলাম জাপি, পদুমীয়া জাপি, সৰুদৈয়া জাপি, বৰজাপি আদি।<ref>{{cite web|title='জাপি'ৰ বিষয়ে জানো আহক|url=https://www.axomiyahahitiyarsaneki.com/2022/04/japi.html?m=1|publisher=অসমীয়া সাহিত্যৰ চানেকি|accessdate=২৬ ডিচেম্বৰ ২০২৪}}</ref> ==ব্যৱহাৰ== “জাপিৰ” ব্যৱহাৰ বহু ক্ষেত্ৰত দেখিবলৈ পোৱা যায়। খেতিয়ক সকলে পৰিধান কৰে কৃষি কাৰ্য্যত বৰ্তি থকাৰ সময়ত ৰʼদ বৰষুণৰ পৰা ৰক্ষা পাবলৈ। বিহু নচাৰ সময়ত ইয়াৰ শোভা বঢ়াবৰ কাৰণে কৰে। অতিথিক আদৰণি জনোৱাৰ চিহ্ন স্বৰূপে তথা সজোৱা বস্তু হিচাপে ইয়াক চʼৰা ঘৰত ৰখা হয়। সাধাৰণ বা অনালংকৃত “জাপি” খেতিয়ক সকলৰ সুৰক্ষাৰ বাবে নিৰমিত হয়। আনহাতে, অলংকৃত “জাপি” অসমীয়া ৰাজ পৰিয়ালৰ লোকসকলে নিজৰ স্থিতাৱস্থাৰ প্ৰতীক চিহ্ন হিচাপে প্ৰয়োগ কৰিছিল।<ref>{{cite web|title=জাপিৰ প্ৰকাৰ|url=https://notunpohor.com/2023/05/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF/|publisher=নতুন পোহৰ|accessdate=২৬ ডিচেম্বৰ ২০২৪}}</ref> ==জীৱিকা== [[শিৱসাগৰ জিলা]]ৰ হাফলুটিং ন-পাম নাথ গাঁওবাসীয়ে কেবাদশক ধৰি ইয়াত জীয়াই ৰাখিছে জাপি নিৰ্মাণৰ পৰম্পৰা। হাফলুটিং নপাম নাথ গাঁৱৰ প্ৰায় প্ৰতিটো পৰিয়ালে পৰম্পৰাগতভাৱে নিৰ্মাণ কৰি আহিছে জাপি। হাফলুটিং ন-পাম নাথ গাঁৱৰ পুৰুষ-মহিলা সকলো জাপি নিৰ্মাণৰ সৈতে জড়িত। জাপি শিল্প গাঁওখনৰ উপাৰ্জনৰ অন্যতম উৎস। বাঁহ, বেত আৰু টকৌপাতেৰে গাঁওবাসীয়ে নিৰ্মাণ কৰি আহিছে জাপি। পূৰ্বপুৰুৰ দিনৰে পৰা ন-পাম নাথ গাঁওবাসীয়ে নিৰ্মাণ কৰি আহিছে জাপি। স্থানীয় বিভিন্ন বজাৰত জাপি বিক্ৰী কৰিবলৈ যায় ন-পাম নাথ গাঁৱৰ লোকসকল। অসমৰ বিভিন্ন প্ৰান্তৰৰ ব্যৱসায়ীয়েও ক্ৰয় কৰে গাঁওবাসীয়ে নিৰ্মাণ কৰা জাপি। গ্ৰাহকৰ সমাদৰ লাভ কৰা ন-পাম গাঁৱৰ জাপি শিল্পৰ লগত জড়িত গাঁওবাসীয়ে কেৱল পৰম্পৰাগত পদ্ধতিৰেই নিৰ্মাণ কৰি আহিছে জাপি।<ref>{{cite web|title=অসমৰ এনে এখন গাঁও য'ত ঘৰে ঘৰে নিৰ্মাণ কৰা হয় জাপি|url=https:/www.etvbharat.com/amp/as/!state/a-village-in-sivasagar-where-the-villagers-kept-the-culture-of-making-japi-alive-ass24050800546|publisher=ইটিভি ভাৰত|accessdate=২৬ ডিচেম্বৰ ২০২৪}}</ref> জাপি হৈছে [[নলবাৰী]] অঞ্চলৰ প্ৰধান কুটিৰ শিল্প। জিলাখনৰ দোমাহীতোলা, সূতাৰকুছি, বালামুগকুছি, শিলাগুটি, তিলানী, বালিলেছা, মুদৈতোলা, দীঘেলী, তেৰেছিয়া, ভদ্ৰা আদি গাঁৱৰ প্ৰায়ভাগ মানুহৰে জীৱিকাৰ একমাত্ৰ উৎস এই জাপিশিল্প। এই শিল্পৰ বাবে প্ৰয়োজনীয় কেঁচা সামগ্ৰী যেনে- বাঁহ, বেত, টকৌপাত ইত্যাদি নলবাৰী অঞ্চলত উভৈনদী। জাপিৰ বাবে কেঁচা বাঁহবোৰ এটা নিৰ্দ্দিষ্ট জোখত(অনুমান ১, ১.৫হাত)কাটি টুকুৰা কৰি লৈ তাৰপৰাই সৰু সৰু খাটি চাচি সাঁচাৰ(টুপী) ওপৰত ৰাখি চালনীৰ দৰে ঘনকৈ বৈ ৰ’দত শুকাই লোৱা হয়। ইয়াৰ পিছত শুকান টকৌ গছৰ পাত সুন্দৰকৈ জাই দুই খলপ লগ লগাই সৰু সৰু সূতাৰে মাজে মাজে গাঁথি দি মুখবোৰ খাংৰাৰ ওপৰত ৰাখি সমানকৈ কাটি জাপি তৈয়াৰ কৰা হয়।<ref>{{cite web|title=জাপি|url=https://as.vikaspedia.in/viewcontent/education/9859b89ae9f0-9b89829b89cd9959c39a49bf/99c9be9aa9bf-1|publisher=বিকাশপেডিয়া|accessdate=২৬ ডিচেম্বৰ ২০২৪}}</ref> [[তেজপুৰ]]ৰ ''জাপি সজীয়া'' গাঁৱখনৰ নামৰ উৎপত্তি জাপিৰ পৰা হৈছে৷ এই গাঁৱখন এসময়ত জাপি নিৰ্মাণৰ বাবে বিখ্যাত আছিল। কিন্তু সময়ৰ সোঁতত বৰ্তমান গাঁওখনৰ মাত্ৰ দুটা পৰিয়ালেহে এই বৃত্তিৰ লগত জড়িত হৈ আছে। তেজপুৰত তৈয়াৰ কৰা জাপি নেদাৰলেণ্ড আৰু আমেৰিকা যুক্তৰাষ্ট্ৰতো সমাদৃত৷ বৰ্তমান জাপি সজীয়া গাঁৱত বুদ্ধদেৱ কেওঁট আৰু তেওঁৰ ভাতৃ নাৰায়ণ কেওঁটে নিৰ্মাণ কৰি আছে। সৰুদৈয়া জাপিৰ পৰা বিহু আৰু অনুষ্ঠান প্ৰতিষ্ঠানত ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা জাপি প্ৰায় ২৪ ইঞ্চিৰ হয় ইয়াৰ মূল্য বৰ্তমান ৫০০ টকা। কোনো ধৰণৰ বাধা নোহোৱাকৈ ১৯৮৪ চনৰ পৰা জাপি সাজিবলৈ আৰম্ভ কৰে বুদ্ধদেৱ কেওঁটে জাপি সাজি পৰিয়াল চলাই আছে। কিন্তু বৰ্তমান এই দুই ভাতৃৰ বাহিৰে তেজপুৰৰ এই গাঁওখনত জাপি সজা লোক প্ৰায় নাই বুলিব পাৰি।<ref>{{cite web|title=জাপি সজীয়া গাঁৱত এভূমুকি|url=https://www.etvbharat.com/amp/assamese/assam/state/sonitpur/jaapi-makers-busy-with-making-of-assamese-traditional-conical-hat-jaapi-in-tezpur/assam20230406212031158158827|publisher=ইটিভি ভাৰত|accessdate=২৬ ডিচেম্বৰ ২০২৪}}</ref> ==তথ্য সংগ্ৰহ== {{Reflist}} {{অসমীয়া লোক-সংস্কৃতি|state=expanded}} [[শ্ৰেণী:অসমৰ সংস্কৃতি]] 7wq08bngtit6iq76qxzooyqkaexq3lr 0 40165 605882 385352 2026-05-11T16:48:39Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 605882 wikitext text/x-wiki '''পুঁজিবাদ''' বা '''ধনতন্ত্ৰ''' ({{Lang-en|Capitalism}}) হৈছে এক প্ৰকাৰৰ অৰ্থনৈতিক ব্যৱস্থা আৰু উৎপাদন পদ্ধতি য’ত ব্যৱসায়, [[উদ্যোগ]] আৰু উৎপাদনৰ কাৰক বা উপাদানসমূহ সম্পূৰ্ণৰূপে নাইবা অধিকাংশই ব্যক্তিগত মালিকাধীন। ব্যক্তিগত প্ৰতিষ্ঠান বা মালিকীস্বত্বৰ উদ্দেশ্যে সাধাৰণতে লাভ আহৰণ কৰা যদিও কোনো অলাভকাৰী প্ৰতিষ্ঠানৰো মালিকীস্বত্ব ব্যক্তিগত হ’ব পাৰে।<ref>[http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/capitalism "Capitalism"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160827071223/http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/capitalism |date=2016-08-27 }} ''Oxford Dictionaries''. "capitalism. an [[economic]] and political system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state." Retrieved 4 January 2013.</ref><ref>Chris Jenks. ''Core Sociological Dichotomies''. "Capitalism, as a mode of production, is an economic system of manufacture and exchange which is geared toward the production and sale of commodities within a market for profit, where the manufacture of commodities consists of the use of the formally free labor of workers in exchange for a wage to create commodities in which the manufacturer extracts surplus value from the labor of the workers in terms of the difference between the wages paid to the worker and the value of the commodity produced by him/her to generate that profit." London, England, UK; Thousand Oaks, California, USA; New Delhi, India: SAGE. p. 383.</ref> পুঁজিবাদৰ বৈশিষ্ট্যসমূহৰ ভিতৰত ব্যক্তিগত সম্পত্তি, মূলধন আহৰণ, মজুৰিপ্ৰাপ্ত বনুৱা আৰু কোনো কোনো ক্ষেত্ৰত পূৰ্ণ প্ৰতিযোগিতা সম্বলিত বজাৰেই প্ৰধান।<ref>Heilbroner, Robert L. [http://www.dictionaryofeconomics.com/article?id=pde2008_C000053 "capitalism."] Durlauf, Steven N.and Lawrence E. Blume, eds., ''The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics''. 2nd ed. (Palgrave Macmillan, 2008) {{DOI|10.1057/9780230226203.0198}}</ref><ref>Louis Hyman and Edward E. Baptist (2014). ''[http://books.simonandschuster.com/American-Capitalism/Louis-Hyman/9781476784311 American Capitalism: A Reader].'' Simon & Schuster. ISBN 9781476784311.</ref> পুঁজিবাদী অৰ্থব্যৱস্থাৰ লেনদেন একোটাত মুক্ত বজাৰত হোৱা প্ৰতিযোগিতাৰ ভিত্তিত মূল্যসমূহ নিৰ্ধাৰণ কৰা হয়।<ref>[http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/capitalism "an economic system characterized by private or corporate ownership of capital goods, by investments that are determined by private decision, and by prices, production, and the distribution of goods that are determined mainly by competition in a free market"]</ref> প্ৰতিযোগিতাৰ মাত্ৰা, অৰ্থনৈতিক হস্তক্ষেপ আৰু নিয়ন্ত্ৰণৰ ভূমিকা আৰু মালিকীস্বত্ব <span class="plainlinks">[http://www.oecdobserver.org/news/archivestory.php/aid/345/Which_model_of_capitalism_.html পুঁজিবাদৰ ভাগ] অনুসৰি ভিন্ন হ’ব পাৰে।<ref name="Modern Economics 1986, p. 54">''Macmillan Dictionary of Modern Economics'', 3rd Ed., 1986, p. 54.</ref> অৰ্থনীতিবিদ, ৰাজনৈতিক অৰ্থনীতিবিদ আৰু ইতিহাসবিদসকলে বিশ্লেষণ কৰি পুঁজিবাদৰ বিভিন্ন ভাগ চিনাক্ত কৰিছে। ইয়াৰ ভিতৰত লেইছেজ ফেয়াৰ বা মুক্ত বজাৰ পুঁজিবাদ, কল্যাণকামী পুঁজিবাদ, ক্ৰ’নি (crony) পুঁজিবাদ, ব্যৱসায়িক প্ৰতিষ্ঠানমুলক পুঁজিবাদ, তৃতীয় পন্থাৰ সামাজিক গণতন্ত্ৰ আৰু ৰাষ্ট্ৰ পুঁজিবাদ। ইয়াৰে প্ৰতিটো ভাগত মুক্ত বজাৰ, মুক্ত মালিকীস্বত্ব, মুক্ত প্ৰতিযোগিতাৰ প্ৰতিৰোধক আৰু সামাজিক নীতিৰ অন্তৰ্ভুক্তিৰ মাত্ৰা ভিন্ন হ’ব পাৰে। মুক্ত বজাৰৰ মাত্ৰা আৰু ব্যক্তিগত সম্পত্তি ধাৰণৰ নিয়ম ৰাজনৈতিক আৰু চৰকাৰী নীতিগত বিষয় হৈ পৰে। বহু দেশত মিশ্ৰ অৰ্থনৈতিক ব্যৱস্থা দেখা যায় য’ত পুঁজিবাদ আৰু পৰিকল্পিত অৰ্থনীতিৰ উপাদানসমূহ মিহলি হৈ পৰে।<ref name="Stilwell"> Stilwell, Frank. “Political Economy: the Contest of Economic Ideas.” First Edition. Oxford University Press. Melbourne, Australia. 2002. </ref> বিভিন্ন সময়ত, বিভিন্ন ঠাইত, বিভিন্ন সংস্কৃতিত আৰু বিভিন্ন ৰাজনৈতিক ব্যৱস্থাত পুঁজিবাদৰ উপস্থিতি পৰিলক্ষিত হৈ আহিছে।<ref name="Scott">{{cite book |title=Industrialism: A Dictionary of Sociology|author=Scott, John|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2005}}</ref> বণিজবাদৰ পতনৰ পিছেৰে পৰা পাশ্চাত্যৰ দেশসমূহত পুঁজিবাদী অৰ্থ ব্যৱস্থাই প্ৰধান ঠাই দখল কৰি আহিছে।<ref name="mercantilism">{{cite encyclopedia |last=LaHaye |first=Laura |editor-last=Henderson |editor-first=David R. |title=Mercantilism |encyclopedia=The Concise Encyclopedia of Economics |year=2008 |publisher=Liberty Fund |location=Library of Economics and Liberty [Online] |url=http://www.econlib.org/library/Enc/Mercantilism.html |access-date=15 June 2015}}</ref> ==বৈশিষ্ট্যসমূহ== এক অৰ্থনৈতিক ব্যৱস্থা বা উৎপাদনৰ এক পদ্ধতি হিচাপে পুঁজিবাদত তলত দিয়া বৈশিষ্ট্যসমূহ পৰিলক্ষিত হয়:<ref>[http://publishing.cdlib.org/ucpressebooks/view?docId=ft3n39n8x3&chunk.id=d0e1212&toc.id=&brand=ucpress]</ref> * লাভ আৰু মূলধন আহৰণ (Capital accumulation)<ref name=ch32>[https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1867-c1/ch32.htm]</ref> * বিনিময় মূল্য বৃদ্ধি কৰাৰ উদ্দেশ্যৰে পণ্যদ্ৰব্যৰ উৎপাদন * ব্যক্তিগত মালিকীস্বত্ব<ref name="Modern Economics 1986, p. 54"/><ref>{{Cite web |title=আৰ্কাইভ কপি |url=https://www.mtholyoke.edu/courses/sgabriel/capitalism_defined.htm |access-date=2015-08-15 |archivedate=2015-09-10 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910213150/https://www.mtholyoke.edu/courses/sgabriel/capitalism_defined.htm |deadurl=yes }}</ref> * মজুৰীপ্ৰাপ্ত বনুৱা<ref>{{Cite web |title=আৰ্কাইভ কপি |url=http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/lmac/self-employed-workers-in-the-uk/2014/rep-self-employed-workers-in-the-uk-2014.html#tab-Self-employed-workers-in-the-UK---2014 |access-date=2015-08-15 |archivedate=2015-09-10 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910024505/http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/lmac/self-employed-workers-in-the-uk/2014/rep-self-employed-workers-in-the-uk-2014.html#tab-Self-employed-workers-in-the-UK---2014 |deadurl=yes }}</ref> * লাভৰ উদ্দেশ্যেৰে ধনৰ বিনিয়োগ<ref>James Fulcher, ''Capitalism A Very Short Introduction'', "the investment of money in order to make a profit, the essential feature of capitalism." p. 14, Oxford, 2004, ISBN 9780192802187.</ref> * যোগান আৰু চাহিদাৰদ্বাৰা প্ৰভাৱিত মূল্য ব্যৱস্থা এটাৰ ব্যৱহাৰ<ref name="Modern Economics 1986, p. 54"/> ==প্ৰকাৰ== * উচ্চ পৰ্যায়ৰ পুঁজিবাদ (Advanced Capitalism)<ref>Lears, T. J. Jackson (1985) "The Concept of Cultural Hegemony"</ref><ref>Holub, Renate (2005) ''Antonio Gramsci: Beyond Marxism and Postmodernism''</ref><ref>Boggs, Carl (2012) ''Ecology and Revolution: Global Crisis and the Political Challenge''</ref> * বিত্ত পুঁজিবাদ (Finance Capitalism)<ref>"Capitalism" by John Scott and [[Gordon Marshall (sociologist)|Gordon Marshall]] in ''A Dictionary of Sociology'' Oxford University Press 2005. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press</ref> * বণিজবাদ (Mercantilism) * মুক্ত-বজাৰ অৰ্থনীতি (Free-market economy) * সামাজিক-বজাৰ অৰ্থনীতি (social-market economy) * ৰাষ্ট্ৰ পুঁজিবাদ (State Capitalism)<ref>[http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/state%20capitalism state capitalism]. [[Merriam-Webster]]. Retrieved July 7, 2015.</ref> * ব্যৱসায়িক প্ৰতিষ্ঠানমুলক পুঁজিবাদ (Corporate Capitalism) * মিশ্ৰ অৰ্থনীতি (Mixed economy) ==তথ্য সংগ্ৰহ== {{Reflist|colwidth=30em}} [[শ্ৰেণী:অৰ্থনীতি]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ৰাজনৈতিক মতাদৰ্শ]] silnlesshz7p2dxdwf3etuplfpu476p 0 40412 605829 444802 2026-05-11T12:14:10Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 605829 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox disease | Name = নিকটদৃষ্টি | Image = Myopia.gif | Caption = | DiseasesDB = 8729 | ICD10 = {{ICD10|H|52|1|h|49}} | ICD9 = {{ICD9|367.1}} | ICDO = | OMIM = | MedlinePlus = 001023 | eMedicineSubj = | eMedicineTopic = | MeshID = D009216 }} '''নিকটদৃষ্টি''' {{En|Myopia}} চকুৰ দৃষ্টিশক্তিৰ এনে এক ত্ৰুটি য'ত দৃষ্টি ৰেখাৰ সমান্তৰাল ভাৱে আঁতৰৰ কোনো উৎসৰ পৰা অহা পোহৰ চকুৰ পৰ্দা (ৰেটিনা)ৰ সলনি পৰ্দাৰ সন্মুখত আপাতিত হয়। তাৰ ফলত আঁতৰৰ উৎসটো স্পষ্টকৈ দেখা পোৱা নাযায়। নিকটদৃষ্টিত আক্ৰান্ত লোকে সাধাৰণতে ওচৰৰ বস্তু স্পষ্টকৈ দেখা পায় । চকু চিকিৎসকসকলে [[চশমা]] বা [[কন্‌টেক্ট লেন্স]]ৰ সহায়ত নিকটদৃষ্টি শুধৰায়। [[প্ৰতিসাৰক শল্য চিকিৎসা]]ৰেও নিকটদৃষ্টি ঠিক কৰিব পাৰি কিন্তু ইয়াৰ কিছুমান কু-প্ৰভাৱ থাকিব পাৰে। শুধৰণি কৰা লেন্সৰ প্ৰতিসাৰক ক্ষমতা ঋণাত্মক (অৱতল লেন্স) যাতে ই মায়'পিক চকুৰ অতিমাত্ৰা ধনাত্মক ডায়'প্টাৰৰ মোকাবিলা কৰিব পাৰে। ঋণাত্মক ডায়'প্টাৰ নিকটদৃষ্টিৰ মাত্ৰা বুজাবলৈকো উল্লেখ কৰা হয় কাৰণ লেন্সৰ এই নিৰ্দিষ্ট ক্ষমতাইহে অৱস্থাটোৰ শুধৰণি কৰে। ''উচ্চ মাত্ৰাৰ নিকটদৃষ্টি'' বুলিলে -৬ ডায়'প্টাৰ বা তাতকৈ বেয়া অৱস্থাক বুজায়।<ref>{{citation|url=http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=21992936|title=Etiopathogenesis and management of high-degree myopia. Part I}}</ref> নিকটদৃষ্টিৰ প্ৰতিৰূপ অৱস্থাক "[[দূৰদৃষ্টি]]" বোলে। ==লক্ষণসমূহ == {{Double image|right|Human_eyesight_two_children_and_ball_with_myopia.jpg|200|Human eyesight two children and ball normal vision color.jpg|200|নিকটদৃষ্টি (''বাওঁফালে''), সাধাৰণ দৃষ্টি (''সোঁফালে'')||}} নিকটদৃষ্টি বা মায়'পিয়াত আক্ৰান্তজনে খুব কাষৰ বস্তু ভালকৈ দেখিলেও দূৰৰ বস্তু ভালকৈ নেদেখে। এনে চকুৰ নিকটবিন্দু ২৫ ছে:মি:তকৈও কম হব পাৰে। == কাৰণ == এই বিকাৰৰ পৰম্পৰাগতভাৱে মানি লোৱা কিছুমান কাৰণ: (ক) চকুৰ লেন্সৰ অত্যধিক বক্ৰতা (খ) অক্ষিগোলকৰ দীঘল অৱস্থা।<ref>[http://www.eyecollege.com/causes_of_myopia.asp মায়'পিয়া সৃষ্টিৰ কাৰণ]</ref> ২০১২ চনত কৰা এক পৰ্যালোচনাত নিকটদৃষ্টিৰ বাবে জগৰীয়া কোনো কাৰণৰে পক্ষত শক্তিশালী প্ৰমাণ পোৱা নাই।<ref name="Sivak2012">{{cite journal|last1=Sivak|first1=Jacob|title=The cause(s) of myopia and the efforts that have been made to prevent it|journal=Clinical and Experimental Optometry|volume=95|issue=6|year=2012|pages=572–582|issn=08164622|doi=10.1111/j.1444-0938.2012.00781.x|pmid=22845416}}</ref> যঁজা সন্তান আৰু তেজৰ সম্পৰ্ক থকা আত্মীয়সকল সমুহীয়াকৈ নিকটদৃষ্টিত ভোগাৰ বেছিকৈ উদাহৰণ থকাৰ বাবে বংশগত কাৰকৰ কথা ভবা হৈছে। আকৌ উন্নত দেশসমূহত এই বিকাৰ বেছিকৈ হোৱাৰ বাবে পৰিবেশজনিত কাৰকো জড়িত থাকিব পাৰে।<ref name="Dolgin">[http://www.nature.com/news/the-myopia-boom-1.17120 Nature News Feature: The myopia boom. Short-sightedness is reaching epidemic proportions. Some scientists think they have found a reason why. Elie Dolgin. Nature, 519:276–278. 19 March 2015. doi:10.1038/519276a]</ref> == প্ৰতিকাৰ == [[চিত্ৰ:Myopia.svg|thumb|right|সহায়ক লেন্স ব্যৱহাৰ কৰি নিকটদৃষ্টি ত্ৰুটি দূৰীকৰণ]] উপযুক্ত ক্ষমতাৰ অৱতল লেন্সৰ ব্যৱহাৰ কৰি এই বিকাৰ প্ৰতিকাৰ কৰিব পাৰি ৷<ref>{{Cite web |title=নিকটদৃষ্টিৰ প্ৰভাৱ |url=http://www.medicinenet.com/myopia/page2.htm |access-date=2015-08-27 |archivedate=2013-10-26 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131026080948/http://www.medicinenet.com/myopia/page2.htm |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref>[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1350946204000564 ৰেটিনা আৰু চকু বিষয়ক বৈজ্ঞানিক অগ্ৰগতি]</ref> [[চিত্ৰ:Briller2.JPG|thumb|right|প্ৰতিকাৰৰ বাবে ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা অৱতল চশমা]] == তথ্যসূত্ৰ == {{reflist}} == বহিঃসংযোগ == * [http://www.mdsupport.org/library/myopic.html Degenerative Myopia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110611144506/http://www.mdsupport.org/library/myopic.html |date=2011-06-11 }} aka "Myopic Macular Degeneration" * [http://www.pupileyes.com/index.php?content=myopia&lang=english pupilEyes – Learn how Myopia happens] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120130073314/http://www.pupileyes.com/index.php?content=myopia&lang=english |date=2012-01-30 }} * [http://www.myopia-manual.de/ ''Myopia Manual — an impartial documentation of all the reasons, therapies and recommendations'']— a comprehensive summary of scientific publications, updated version January 2013, printed version ISBN 1-58961-271-X (2004, sorry, no longer up to date) * [http://www.VisionSimulations.com/ VisionSimulations.com |What the world looks like to people with various diseases and conditions of the eye] * [http://www.ssc.education.ed.ac.uk/resources/vi&multi/eyeconds/Myop.html Scottish Sensory Centre – Medical Info on Myopia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190411020305/http://www.ssc.education.ed.ac.uk/resources/vi%26multi/eyeconds/myop.html |date=2019-04-11 }} * [http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg20427331.100-generation-specs-stopping-the-shortsight-epidemic.html?full=true Generation specs: Stopping the short-sight epidemic] Article reviewing latest research in [[New Scientist]] * [http://healthland.time.com/2012/05/07/why-up-to-90-of-asian-schoolchildren-are-nearsighted/?xid=newsletter-weekly Why Up to 90% of Asian Schoolchildren Are Nearsighted]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} [[Time Magazine]] 7 May 2012 <!-- {{Eye pathology}} --> [[শ্ৰেণী:চিকিৎসা বিজ্ঞান]] 8r7twfs8j4jtbj2ok6q47czqy7z6d9v 3 40580 605912 604492 2026-05-11T19:21:03Z MediaWiki message delivery 8079 /* Tech News: 2026-20 */ নতুন অনুচ্ছেদ 605912 wikitext text/x-wiki == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2015/37|Tech News: 2015-37]] == <section begin="technews-2015-W37"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2015/37|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * You can now mention up to 50 users in a post and they will get a notification. Previously you could notify up to 20 users. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T110306] * A new version of the [[:m:mw:Wikidata Toolkit|Wikidata Toolkit]] has been released. It now has Wikibase API support. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikidata/2015-September/006999.html] * You can now use Wikidata to find all good or featured articles in a Wikipedia version. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T72209] '''Problems''' * There was a problem with [http://tools.wmflabs.org/ Tool Labs] due to [[:w:en:Kernel (operating system)|kernel]] issues. This has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T110827] * The Content Translation tool published some pages with the same reference repeated several times. This has been fixed. [https://cxupdate.wordpress.com/2015/09/03/september-3-update-fixed-duplicated-references-issues-with-norwegian-and-publishing-errors/][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T110007] '''Changes this week''' * The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.26/wmf22|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from September 8. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis from September 9. It will be on all Wikipedias from September 10 ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.26/Roadmap|calendar]]). * The maximum character length when you search for something on the Wikimedia wikis is now 300 characters. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T107947] * The notifications list has been split into two lists. As a first step, notifications about messages on your user talk page will be placed in the second list. Feedback is requested at [[mw:Topic:Sobaaiky57zs7py7|the Echo talk page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T108190][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T108760] '''Meetings''' * You can join the next meeting with the VisualEditor team. During the meeting, you can tell developers which bugs are the most important. The meeting will be on [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?hour=19&min=00&sec=0&day=08&month=09&year=2015 September 8 at 19:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:VisualEditor/Weekly triage meetings|how to join]]. * You can join the Wikitech ambassadors mailing list. The list is for Wikimedians interested in spreading information about Wikimedia technology news. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/wikitech-ambassadors See how to join]. '''Future changes''' * The Wikimedia mailing lists will be moved to a new server and the software will be upgraded. This will happen on [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?hour=14&min=00&sec=0&day=09&month=09&year=2015 September 9 at 14:00 (UTC)]. The mailing lists will not be working during the move. It can take up to four hours. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T110133] * Wikidata will soon be able to store measurements, such as a mountain's height or the distance between two places. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T77977][https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikidata/2015-August/006982.html] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Ambassadors|tech ambassadors]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2015/37|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2015-W37"/> 17:29, 7 September 2015 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=13509330 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2015/38|Tech News: 2015-38]] == <section begin="technews-2015-W38"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2015/38|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' *You can now use the [[mw:Wikidata query service|Wikidata query service]]. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikidata/2015-September/007042.html] *Belarusian-Taraškievica Wikipedia was moved from be-x-old.wikipedia.org to be-tarask.wikipedia.org. This caused some issues, but most of them were resolved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T11823] *Language preferences might not be changed immediately when you adjust them. Language selection might work slower. Please [[:mw:How to report a bug|report any problems]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T92357][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T46649] '''Problems''' *There was a problem when editing [[:w:en:International Standard Book Number|International Standard Book Numbers]] in Visual Editor. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T63558] *The Wikimedia mailing lists should have been upgraded on September 9. It didn't work as planned and will now happen later. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2015-September/083162.html] '''Changes this week''' * The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.26/wmf23|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from September 15. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis from September 16. It will be on all Wikipedias from September 17 ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.26/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * You can join the next meeting with the VisualEditor team. During the meeting, you can tell developers which bugs are the most important. The meeting will be on [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?hour=19&min=00&sec=0&day=15&month=09&year=2015 September 15 at 19:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:VisualEditor/Weekly triage meetings|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' *ContentTranslation will show more data on the Special:ContentTranslationStats page. For example, it will show translation trends and information about deleted translations. [https://cxupdate.wordpress.com/2015/09/11/september-11-cx-update-fixes-in-broken-publishing-in-some-languages/] *The first version of the translation suggestions feature will be deployed soon. [https://cxupdate.wordpress.com/2015/09/11/september-11-cx-update-fixes-in-broken-publishing-in-some-languages/] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Ambassadors|tech ambassadors]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2015/38|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2015-W38"/> 16:17, 14 September 2015 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=13595243 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2015/39|Tech News: 2015-39]] == <section begin="technews-2015-W39"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2015/39|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * There is now an experimental Wikimedia [https://maps.wikimedia.org maps service]. You can [[:mw:Talk:Maps|give feedback here]]. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2015-September/083277.html][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Maps] * Last week a few issues with UploadWizard were fixed. Before this was done, UploadWizard would stop you from uploading your files if something went wrong. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T42921][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T48741][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T61646][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T106968] * More Wikipedias can now use information from any Wikidata item in any Wikipedia article. Previously they could only use the Wikidata item that matched the subject of the article. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T100788] * The VisualEditor welcome dialogue has been changed. The intention is to make it more helpful for new users. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T112354] '''Problems''' * Wikimedia Labs' [[:w:en:HTTPS|HTTPS certificate]] expired for most of Tuesday 15 September. To reach Wikimedia Labs and Tool Labs securely you had to ignore your browser's security error message. There was no risk to data security during this time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T112608] * Last week the notification system was split into two parts. This was temporarily undone because of a bug and performance concerns. It will return to two parts this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T112552][https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-ambassadors/2015-September/001260.html] * UploadWizard couldn't upload files larger than 5 MB when using [[:m:commons:Commons:Chunked uploads|chunked uploads]]. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T111908] '''Changes this week''' * The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.26/wmf24|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from September 22. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis from September 23. It will be on all Wikipedias from September 24 ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.26/Roadmap|calendar]]). * The page move tool has been switched over to the new standard look for forms. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T86865] * You can now choose whether to extend a link or not when editing one in VisualEditor. This means it is easier to choose how much of what you type before and after the link is part of it. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T91285] * Wikibooks can now use data from Wikidata. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T107999] '''Meetings''' * You can join the next meeting with the VisualEditor team. During the meeting, you can tell developers which bugs are the most important. The meeting will be on [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?hour=19&min=00&sec=0&day=22&month=09&year=2015 22 September at 19:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:VisualEditor/Weekly triage meetings|how to join]]. * You can join a meeting with the Wikidata team. It will be on [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?hour=17&min=00&sec=0&day=23&month=09&year=2015 September 23 at 17:00 (UTC)]. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikidata/2015-September/007052.html See how to join]. * You can register to the [[mw:Wikimedia Developer Summit 2016|Wikimedia Developer Summit 2016]] in San Francisco 4–6 January 2016. Gadget, template, bot, and tool developers are welcome as well. [[mw:Wikimedia Developer Summit 2016#Call for participation|Call for participation]] and travel sponsorship requests are open until 2 October. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Ambassadors|tech ambassadors]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2015/39|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2015-W39"/> 18:29, 21 September 2015 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=13726015 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2015/40|Tech News: 2015-40]] == <section begin="technews-2015-W40"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2015/40|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' *In UploadWizard, the dialog to see an image preview has been removed. You already see the images in the thumbnails when you upload them. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T112907] *UploadWizard dialogs look a bit different now. They have been updated to the new [[:mw:OOjs UI|OOUI]] look. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T112117] *You can now edit music scores in VisualEditor. You can add new sheet music scores and get live updates when you edit one. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T112925] *When you send an e-mail to another editor using [[:mw:Extension:EmailUsers|Special:EmailUser]], that user will now get a notification on the wiki as well. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T56130] *You can now see 500 images when you upload images from Flickr with UploadWizard. Before this change the limit was 50. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T44979] *The Wikimedia mailing lists have been upgraded. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T110140] *MediaWiki developers spent a day looking at proposed code changes in [[:mw:Gerrit|Gerrit]]. The goal was to clean up the backlog and give feedback to volunteer developers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T88531] '''Problems''' *Some visitors had problems reaching the Wikimedia sites for an hour on September 24. [http://status.wikimedia.org/8777/156486/Static-assets-(CSS/JS)][http://status.wikimedia.org/8777/163388/Wiki-platform-%5B%5Bw%3Afi%3AMain-Page%5D%5D-(s2)] '''Changes this week''' *The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.27/wmf1|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from September 29. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis from September 30. It will be on all Wikipedias from October 1 ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.26/Roadmap|calendar]]). * There will be a new beta feature that allows editors to use Flow on their user talkpage if they want to. Each wiki [[mw:Flow/Request Flow on a page|can decide]] if they want to enable it. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T98270] * The Content Translation tool can give translation suggestions. This feature will now be available in more languages: English, French, Spanish, Russian, Chinese, Turkish, Japanese, Italian, and Catalan. [https://cxupdate.wordpress.com/2015/09/25/september-24-cx-update-suggestions-in-new-languages-fixes-in-statistics-and-link-adaptation-and-more/] '''Meetings''' *You can join the [[mw:Reading/Strategy/Strategy Process|strategy process]] of the [[mw:Reading|Reading department]] of Wikimedia Engineering. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2015-September/083316.html] *You can join the next meeting with the VisualEditor team. During the meeting, you can tell developers which bugs are the most important. The meeting will be on [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?hour=19&min=00&sec=0&day=29&month=09&year=2015 29 September at 19:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:VisualEditor/Weekly triage meetings|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * The Wikimedia Foundation developers want the community to decide who can use [[:mw:Help:OAuth|OAuth]] in the future. You [[:m:Requests for comment/OAuth handover|can discuss it]] on Meta. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Ambassadors|tech ambassadors]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2015/40|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2015-W40"/> 15:15, 28 September 2015 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=13829249 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2015/41|Tech News: 2015-41]] == <section begin="technews-2015-W41"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2015/41|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' *The link editor in the visual editor now shows results below the search box. This improves the usability on desktop and mobile. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T101169] *The description at [[Special:ChangeEmail]] now clearly explains that the page can also be used to remove your email. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T98799] '''Changes this week''' *The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.27/wmf.2|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from October 6. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis from October 7. It will be on all Wikipedias from October 8 ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.27/Roadmap|calendar]]). *UploadWizard will remind users to add a category. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T51710] *UploadWizard's category selectors will be easier to use. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T112764] *A new [[mw:Help:Extension:Cite|Cite]] error will be shown if a named reference is defined more than once in the same article. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T85386] '''Meetings''' *You can join the next meeting with the VisualEditor team. During the meeting, you can tell developers which bugs are the most important. The meeting will be on [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?hour=19&min=00&sec=0&day=6&month=10&year=2015 6 October at 19:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:VisualEditor/Weekly triage meetings|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' *Wikidata requests your input on [[d:Wikidata:Client editing input|how to improve the editing of Wikidata's data in other locations]], such as Wikipedias. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Ambassadors|tech ambassadors]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2015/41|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2015-W41"/> 18:32, 5 October 2015 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=13953365 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2015/42|Tech News: 2015-42]] == <section begin="technews-2015-W42"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2015/42|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' *The database size lists have been updated. These control special page update frequency and which wikis use global abuse filters. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T114613] '''Changes this week''' *The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.27/wmf.3|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from October 13. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis from October 14. It will be on all Wikipedias from October 15 ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.27/Roadmap|calendar]]). *You will be able to upload images to Wikimedia Commons using the visual editor. When the image is uploaded it will be added to the article you're editing. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T40030] *Pages that show citation error messages will automatically be placed in a hidden category. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T104792] '''Meetings''' *You can join the next meeting with the VisualEditor team. During the meeting, you can tell developers which bugs you think are the most important. The meeting will be on [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?hour=19&min=00&sec=0&day=13&month=10&year=2015 13 October at 19:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:VisualEditor/Weekly triage meetings|how to join]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Ambassadors|tech ambassadors]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2015/42|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2015-W42"/> 16:28, 12 October 2015 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=14074906 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/23|Tech News: 2018-23]] == <section begin="technews-2018-W23"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/23|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:MonoBook|MonoBook skin]] has been optimised for mobile devices. It now looks different. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T195625] * [[m:Planet Wikimedia|Planet Wikimedia]] collects blogs about Wikimedia. It will now use the [https://directory.fsf.org/wiki/Rawdog Rawdog] [[w:en:News aggregator|feed aggregator]] to do this instead of [[w:en:Planet (software)|Planet]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T180498][https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2018-May/090036.html] * Redirect links in [[Special:WhatLinksHere|Special:WhatLinksHere]] now link to the original page and not the target page. This was done earlier and changed the used messages on some pages. This was a problem for wikis that customized the message. A new change fixed this by using the old messages with one more parameter for customization. Wikis that already changed their customized messages will have to move the customization back again. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T189860] '''Problems''' * You will not be able to edit some wikis between 06:00 and 06:30 UTC on 13 June. You can see if [[phab:T195487|your wiki is one of them]]. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|MassMessage]] did not work 24–28 May. This is also why last week's Tech News was late. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T195500] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.32/wmf.7|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 5 June. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 6 June. It will be on all wikis from 7 June ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.32/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] You can join the next meeting with the Editing team. During the meeting, you can tell developers which bugs you think are the most important. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20180605T1830 5 June at 18:30 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Editing team/Weekly triage meetings|how to join]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20180606T15 6 June at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit Review Improvements/New filters for edit review|new filters for edit review]] tools and interface for watchlists will leave [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Beta|beta]]. This is planned to happen in June or early July. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T181193][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T195993] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/23|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2018-W23"/> 21:54, 4 June 2018 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=18103288 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/24|Tech News: 2018-24]] == <section begin="technews-2018-W24"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/24|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * In [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps|the Wikipedia app]] for Android or iOS users can create [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Synced Reading Lists|reading lists]]. The reading lists can be seen on different devices if you are logged in to your account. There is now a browser extension so you can add pages to your reading list from a web browser. At the moment it works with Firefox and Chrome. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Apps/Reading_list_browser_extension] *[[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] There is a new version of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Pywikibot|Pywikibot]]. Pywikibot is a tool to automate tasks on MediaWiki wikis. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/pywikibot/2018-June/009842.html] '''Problems''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:MonoBook|MonoBook skin]] was changed to make it work better for mobile users. This caused some problems. The change was rolled back to fix them. The new version is now back on the wikis. MonoBook users can opt out from the new responsive design. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T195625] '''Changes later this week''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit Review Improvements/New filters for edit review|new filters for edit review]] tools and interface for watchlists will leave [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Beta|beta]]. For most wikis this will happen on 18 June. For the rest it will happen on 25 June. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T181193][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T195993] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.32/wmf.8|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 12 June. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 13 June. It will be on all wikis from 14 June ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.32/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * You can join the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Team|Readers Web team]] IRC office hour. There you can discuss tools to contribute on the mobile web for the existing MediaWiki skins. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20180618T16 18 June at 16:00 (UTC)]. See [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IRC office hours|how to join]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] You can join the next meeting with the Editing team. During the meeting, you can tell developers which bugs you think are the most important. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20180612T1830 12 June at 18:30 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Editing team/Weekly triage meetings|how to join]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20180613T15 13 June at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * You will be able to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE_Technical Wishes/Move files to Commons|move local wiki files to Commons]] and keep their original data intact. This is [[phab:T190716|planned to come]] to the first wikis in June. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/24|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2018-W24"/> 21:55, 11 June 2018 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=18115892 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/25|Tech News: 2018-25]] == <section begin="technews-2018-W25"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/25|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[w:en:Syntax highlighting|Syntax highlighting]] has been a beta feature on Wikimedia wikis with text written from left to right. It is now a normal feature. It is based on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T185030] '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] You can join the next meeting with the Editing team. During the meeting, you can tell developers which bugs you think are the most important. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20180619T1830 19 June at 18:30 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Editing team/Weekly triage meetings|how to join]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20180620T15 20 June at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * Some old web browsers will not be able to read the Wikimedia wikis. This is because they use an insecure way to connect to them. This means that we get less security for everyone else too. This affects about 0.08% of all traffic to the Wikimedia wikis. This affects for example those who read Wikipedia on a [[w:en:PlayStation 3|PlayStation 3]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T147202][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T196371] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit Review Improvements/New filters for edit review|new filters for edit review]] tools and interface for watchlists will leave [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Beta|beta]]. Because there is no new MediaWiki version this week it will happen on 25 June for most wikis. For the rest it will happen in early July. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T181193][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T195993] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] All wikis that have not already done so will switch to use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/RemexHtml|Remex parsing library]] on 5 July. This is [[mw:Parsing/Replacing Tidy|to replace Tidy]]. You [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-ambassadors/2018-June/001867.html can help] fix remaining errors. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Parsing/Replacing_Tidy/FAQ#What_will_editors_need_to_do.3F] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/25|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2018-W25"/> 21:47, 18 June 2018 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=18136222 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/27|Tech News: 2018-27]] == <section begin="technews-2018-W27"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/27|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The database for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Tags|tags]] will be changed. This will happen on 2 July on French Wikipedia and 9 July on all other wikis. Please [[phab:T185355|report]] if recent changes get slower or you can't save edits. This could especially affect editors who use the database on ToolForge. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikidata-tech/2018-June/001283.html] '''Problems''' * Last week's MediaWiki update was rolled back. This was because of a database problem. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T198350] '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] You can join the next meeting with the Editing team. During the meeting, you can tell developers which bugs you think are the most important. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20180703T1830 3 July at 18:30 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Editing team/Weekly triage meetings|how to join]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20180704T15 4 July at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/27|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2018-W27"/> 00:46, 3 July 2018 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=18169586 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/28|Tech News: 2018-28]] == <section begin="technews-2018-W28"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/28|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[w:en:WebM|WebM video files]] have smaller file size but still be of the same quality. Creating WebM files will take longer time. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:TimedMediaHandler/VP9_transition] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit Review Improvements/New filters for edit review|new filters for edit review]] tools and interface for watchlists will leave [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Beta Features|beta]]. This was supposed to already have happened but was delayed. For most wikis this will happen on 9 July. For the rest it will happen on 16 July. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T195993] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] All wikis now use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/RemexHtml|Remex parsing library]] instead of [[mw:Parsing/Replacing Tidy|Tidy]]. This could cause errors. You [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-ambassadors/2018-June/001867.html can help] fix the errors. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Parsing/Replacing_Tidy/FAQ#What_will_editors_need_to_do.3F] '''Problems''' * When you rolled back an edit it could get both the <code>Rollback</code> and <code>Undo</code> tags. This has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T190374] * Rollbacks from autopatrolled users were not marked as patrolled. This has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T198449] '''Changes later this week''' * When you edit a link in the visual editor there will be two separate buttons to change which page the link goes to (target) or its text (label). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T55973][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T124305] * On the mobile version you can find a link to an editor's contributions from their user page. Now this will work even if they haven't created a user page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T197581] * When you edit a discussion on the mobile version you sometimes get your signature automatically added. This will now not happen if you have already added a signature manually. This is to avoid double signatures. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T192725] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured Discussions|Structured discussions]] toolbars will have more style options. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T109123#4400917] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] When you look at Wikimedia code in [[w:en:Gerrit (software)|Gerrit]] there will be a new interface. It is on by default for new users. This is also true for developers. This is to make it easier to understand what is happening. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T196812] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.32/wmf.12|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 10 July. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 11 July. It will be on all wikis from 12 July ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.32/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] You can join the next meeting with the Editing team. During the meeting, you can tell developers which bugs you think are the most important. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20180710T1830 10 July at 18:30 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Editing team/Weekly triage meetings|how to join]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20180711T15 11 July at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * Today all administrators can edit [[w:en:CSS|CSS]] and [[w:en:JavaScript|JavaScript]] for the entire wiki. There will be a new user group for editing CSS and JavaScript. Administrators will no longer automatically be able to do this. This is because it is a security risk when all administrator accounts can edit JavaScript even if they never plan to or do not know how it works. You can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Creation of separate user group for editing sitewide CSS/JS|read more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T190015] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Page Previews|Page previews]] will be on by default for new accounts. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2018-July/090297.html] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/28|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2018-W28"/> 23:10, 9 July 2018 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=18194890 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/29|Tech News: 2018-29]] == <section begin="technews-2018-W29"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/29|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * You can now use [[mw:Help:Extension:GlobalPreferences|global preferences]] on Wikimedia wikis. You can set them on the [[Special:GlobalPreferences|global preferences page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T16950] * You can now see a new log of pages being created at [[Special:Log/create|Special:Log/create]]. It includes pages which are later deleted. It is now available on all Wikimedia wikis except Commons and Wikidata. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T12331] * You can see how many pageviews a wiki had from specific countries. The [https://stats.wikimedia.org/v2/#/en.wikipedia.org/reading/page-views-by-country/normal{{!}}map{{!}}2-Year~2016060100~2018071100{{!}}~total Wikistats2 maps] have now been updated. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2018-July/090327.html] '''Changes later this week''' * Your watchlist will show changes from the last seven days instead of three. If you have already set a length preference it will not change. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T194414] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.32/wmf.13|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from July 17. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from July 18. It will be on all wikis from July 19 ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.32/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] You can join the next meeting with the Editing team. During the meeting, you can tell developers which bugs you think are the most important. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20180717T1830 July 17 at 18:30 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Editing team/Weekly triage meetings|how to join]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20180718T15 July 18 at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * Some articles have messages to readers about problems with the article. For example that it does not cite sources or might not be neutral. Readers do not see these messages on the mobile version. The developers now want to show them. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Projects/Mobile Page Issues|read more and leave feedback]]. * You can use <code><nowiki><inputbox></nowiki></code> to create search boxes for specific pages. For example to search the archives of a community discussion page. Instead of <code><nowiki>prefix:Page name</nowiki></code> you will see a text that explains which pages are being searched. You can [[phab:T198318|read more and leave feedback]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/29|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2018-W29"/> 16:01, 16 July 2018 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=18215334 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/30|Tech News: 2018-30]] == <section begin="technews-2018-W30"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/30|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * When you log in to your account you can choose to keep being logged in. This checkbox now works better than before on the mobile version for users without JavaScript. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T196947] * Wikis that use [[mw:Citoid|Citoid]] can automatically generate citations for Swedish news sites. This only works in the visual editor. This now works for [[w:en:Sveriges radio|Swedish public service radio]]. More will come. Others could use this to add news sites in other languages in the future. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T187023] * Editors can do max 90 edits per minute. This is new since last month. This does not affect bots or administrators. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T56515] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.32/wmf.14|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2018-07-24|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2018-07-25|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2018-07-26|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.32/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20180725T15 {{#time:j xg|2018-07-25|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}} at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/30|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2018-W30"/> 09:44, 24 July 2018 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=18233172 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/31|Tech News: 2018-31]] == <section begin="technews-2018-W31"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/31|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The design on [[Special:Log]] has changed. It will change again soon. Developers are working on fixing problems. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T117737] '''Problems''' * Deployment of 1.32.0-wmf.13 has been partially delayed. All deployments have been resumed and successfully done after bug fixes. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/engineering/2018-July/000577.html][https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/engineering/2018-July/000585.html] * Deployment of 1.32.0-wmf.14 has been partially delayed. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/engineering/2018-July/000587.html][https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/engineering/2018-July/000589.html] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.32/wmf.15|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2018-07-31|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2018-08-01|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2018-08-02|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.32/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] You can join the next meeting with the Editing team. During the meeting, you can tell developers which bugs you think are the most important. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20180731T1830 {{#time:j xg|2018-07-31|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}} at 18:30 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Editing team/Weekly triage meetings|how to join]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20180801T15 {{#time:j xg|2018-08-01|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}} at 15:00 (UTC)] as well as at [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20180801T23 23:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * After [[:m:special:MyLanguage/Creation of separate user group for editing sitewide CSS/JS|a community discussion]], a new group for users will be created. "[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Interface administrators|Interface administrators]]" will be the only users allowed to edit interface pages like [[MediaWiki:Common.css]] or [[MediaWiki:Common.js]]. This is done to avoid technical issues and improve security. That change will be effective by the end of August 2018. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/31|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2018-W31"/> 14:05, 30 July 2018 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=18237696 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/32|Tech News: 2018-32]] == <section begin="technews-2018-W32"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/32|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[Special:NewPages|Special:NewPages]] now has the [[mw:UX standardization|OOUI look]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T117739] '''Problems''' * The MediaWiki version that was released two weeks ago was late to some Wikimedia wikis. This was because of bugs. It was on all wikis 30 July. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incident_documentation/20180724-Train][https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/engineering/2018-July/000591.html] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.32/wmf.16|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 7 August. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 8 August. It will be on all wikis from 9 August. '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] You can join the next meeting with the Editing team. During the meeting, you can tell developers which bugs you think are the most important. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20180807T1830 7 August at 18:30 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Editing team/Weekly triage meetings|how to join]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20180808T15 8 August at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/32|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2018-W32"/> 19:39, 6 August 2018 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=18277179 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/33|Tech News: 2018-33]] == <section begin="technews-2018-W33"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/33|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' *<span title="Advanced item">[[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=]]</span> [[w:en:Cascading Style Sheets|CSS]] in templates can now be stored in a separate page on all wikis. This is called [[mw:Extension:TemplateStyles|TemplateStyles]]. This is to make it easier to edit how templates look. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2018-August/090481.html] '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] You can join the next meeting with the Editing team. During the meeting, you can tell developers which bugs you think are the most important. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20180814T1830 14 August at 18:30 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Editing team/Weekly triage meetings|how to join]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20180815T15 15 August at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * The developers are planning more ways to block users. This could be blocking someone from just a page or a namespace. You can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community health initiative/Per-user page, namespace, and upload blocking|read more]]. You can leave feedback on the [[m:Talk:Community health initiative/Per-user page, namespace, and upload blocking|talk page]]. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikimedia-l/2018-August/090842.html] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/33|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2018-W33"/> 17:53, 13 August 2018 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=18292380 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/34|Tech News: 2018-34]] == <section begin="technews-2018-W34"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/34|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.32/wmf.18|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 21 August. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 22 August. It will be on all wikis from 23 August ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.32/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20180822T15 22 August at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' *The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/2018 Community Wishlist Survey|2018 Community Wishlist Survey]] begins on 29 October. The survey decides what the [[m:Community Tech|Community Tech team]] will work on. You can post proposals from 29 October to 11 November. You can vote on proposals from 16 November to 30 November. *[[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] [[mw:Manual:$wgLegacyJavaScriptGlobals|Legacy JavaScript global variables]] have been deprecated for seven years. They will soon be removed from all wikis. Gadgets and scripts that use them will stop working. You can test your community's gadgets on "group0" wikis. For example [[testwiki:Main Page|Test Wikipedia]] or [[mw:MediaWiki|mediawiki.org]]. The legacy JavaScript global variables are already disabled there. You can [[mw:ResourceLoader/Migration guide (users)#Global wg variables|read the migration guide]] to fix old scripts. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T72470] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/34|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2018-W34"/> 16:46, 20 August 2018 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=18310555 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/35|Tech News: 2018-35]] == <section begin="technews-2018-W35"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/35|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * You can now see moved paragraphs in diffs in the mobile view. It also works on all languages in the desktop view. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T199800] * Bureaucrats on all Wikimedia wikis can now remove the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Interface administrators|interface admin]] user right. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T202298] '''Problems''' * Some diffs show lines in the wrong order. The developers are working on fixing it. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T197157] '''Changes later this week''' * The message you see when you thank a user will change. This is to make it easier to understand. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T159302] * [[w:en:Wikipedia:AutoWikiBrowser|AWB]] will stop adding <code>using AWB</code> in the edit summary. Instead it will add a [[Special:Tags|tag]] that says <code>AWB</code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T111663] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] Some [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|abuse filter]] variables have changed. They are now easier to understand for non-experts. The old variables will still work but filter editors are encouraged to replace them with the new ones. You can find the list of changed variables [[mw:Extension:AbuseFilter/Rules format#Variables|on mediawiki.org]]. They have a note which says <code>Deprecated. Use ... instead</code>. An example is <code>article_text</code> which is now <code>page_title</code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T173889] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] Abuse filters can now use how old a page is. The variable is <code>page_age</code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T30844] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.32/wmf.19|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 28 August. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 29 August. It will be on all wikis from 30 August ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.32/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] You can join the next meeting with the Editing team. During the meeting, you can tell developers which bugs you think are the most important. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20180828T1830 28 August at 18:30 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Editing team/Weekly triage meetings|how to join]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20180829T15 29 August at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * Because of a data centre test you will be able to read but not edit the wikis for up to an hour on 12 September and 10 October. This will start at [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?hour=14&min=00&sec=0&day=12&month=09&year=2018 14:00 (UTC)]. You might lose edits if you try to save during this time. The time when you can't edit might be shorter than an hour. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch 2018|You can read more about this]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/35|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2018-W35"/> 16:16, 27 August 2018 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=18330273 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/36|Tech News: 2018-36]] == <section begin="technews-2018-W36"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/36|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * There is a new user right for users who can edit [[w:en:CSS|CSS]] and [[w:en:JavaScript|JavaScript]] for the entire wiki. Before this all admins could edit CSS and JavaScript. This was a security risk. This group is called [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Interface administrators|interface administrators]]. Administrators can delete user CSS and JavaScript pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T190015][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T200176] * There will be an [[w:en:A/B testing|A/B test]] on the Wikipedia mobile website. It starts this week. It tests how we show templates that show information about an article. The test will last two weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T200792][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Reading/Web/Projects/Mobile_Page_Issues] * You can now use different CSS rules for different skins when you edit templates. This is because of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:TemplateStyles|TemplateStyles]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T197617] * <code>wp10</code> in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/ORES|ORES]] is now called <code>articlequality</code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T196240] * When you get a new message on your talk page you get a yellow message in the toolbar. The preference to show or not show this has been removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T58845] '''Problems''' * [[c:Commons:Upload Wizard|UploadWizard]] had problems with [[mw:Extension:UploadWizard/Campaigns|campaigns]]. Users could not upload files. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T202760] * You can get a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Notifications|notification]] when a link is made to a page you created. This has not worked since June. It was fixed last week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T200119] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.32/wmf.20|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 4 September. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 5 September. It will be on all wikis from 6 September ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.32/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20180905T15 5 September at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * The Wikimedia Foundation [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers|Readers department]] will work on advanced mobile editing. You can [[c:File:Wikimedia Foundation Readers Roadmap Review - 2018-08-27.pdf|read more]] about this and other things they plan to work on over the next year. You can also [[c:File:Wikimedia Foundation Readers Roadmap Review - 27 August 2018.webm|see the presentation]]. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Keegan (WMF)/RelatedSites2|The RelatedSites extension]] will be removed from Wikivoyage. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] Unused projects on the [[wikitech:Portal:Cloud VPS|Wikimedia Cloud virtual private server]] will [[wikitech:Cloud VPS 2018 Purge|be removed]]. This will happen in October. Projects can be marked if they are being used. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2018-August/090735.html] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/36|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2018-W36"/> 16:48, 3 September 2018 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=18344596 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/37|Tech News: 2018-37]] == <section begin="technews-2018-W37"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/37|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * When you added or edited a template with the visual editor the input boxes were very big. This has been fixed. The input boxes will now be smaller until you click on them. Then they will change size to fit the text. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T200834] '''Problems''' * Some diffs showed lines in the wrong order. This was fixed last week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T197157] * Marking a cross-wiki notification as read didn't work every time. The other wiki was not updated. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T121930] * <code><nowiki><maplink></nowiki></code> did not work for a few days. This was because of a bug. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T203427] * <code><nowiki>{{subst:REVISIONUSER}}</nowiki></code> is used by some templates. For a period edits saved with <code><nowiki>{{subst:REVISIONUSER}}</nowiki></code> would save the previous user's name and not your username. This is now fixed. Edits made before the bug was fixed will still be wrong and need to be corrected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T203583] * When you move a page the title still shows the old page name. The developers are working on fixing this. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T203661] '''Changes later this week''' * Because of a data centre test you will be able to read but not edit the wikis for up to an hour on 12 September and 10 October. This will start at [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?hour=14&min=00&sec=0&day=12&month=09&year=2018 14:00 (UTC)]. You might lose edits if you try to save during this time. The time when you can't edit might be shorter than an hour. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch 2018|You can read more about this]]. * Because of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch 2018|the data centre test]] there will be no new version of MediaWiki this week. Changes for this week will come next week instead. '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] You can join the next meeting with the Editing team. During the meeting, you can tell developers which bugs you think are the most important. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20180911T1830 11 Septmber at 18:30 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Editing team/Weekly triage meetings|how to join]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20180912T15 12 September at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Team|The developers]] work on making the wikis work better on mobile phones. There is a list [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Recommendations for mobile friendly articles|of common problems when making content easier to read in the mobile view]]. You can add things to the page and ask others to help. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/37|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2018-W37"/> 22:36, 10 September 2018 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=18369657 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/38|Tech News: 2018-38]] == <section begin="technews-2018-W38"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/38|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Mobile app|Wikimedia Commons mobile app]] has a new version. Images uploaded using Nearby are now automatically added to the associated Wikidata item. You can browse other images on Commons. You can see your achievements and your upload statistics. It has also fixed some bugs. [https://cookiesandcodeblog.wordpress.com/2018/08/10/commons-app-version-2-8-beta/] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] MediaWiki web requests now have a time limit of 60 seconds for GET requests and 200 seconds for POST requests. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T97192] '''Problems''' * You could not see the menu on the notifications page on the mobile version. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T192475] '''Changes later this week''' *[[Special:AncientPages|Special:AncientPages]] can hide disambiguation pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T76287] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.32/wmf.18|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 18 September. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 19 September. It will be on all wikis from 20 September ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.32/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20180919T15 19 September at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Team|The developers]] are testing new mobile web navigation. You can [[mw:Reading/Web/Advanced_mobile contributions/Navigation prototype feedback|use it and give feedback]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/38|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2018-W38"/> 21:58, 17 September 2018 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=18389264 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/39|Tech News: 2018-39]] == <section begin="technews-2018-W39"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/39|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * The [[Special:Preferences|preferences form]] will change to use the standard look. If you see any problems please [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/maniphest/task/edit/form/3/?projects=ui-standardization,mediawiki-special-pages report them on Phabricator]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T117781] *[[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.32/wmf.23|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 25 September. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 26 September. It will be on all wikis from 27 September ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.32/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20180926T15 26 September at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/39|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2018-W39"/> 15:23, 24 September 2018 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=18408633 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/40|Tech News: 2018-40]] == <section begin="technews-2018-W40"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/40|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Ordinary pages can no longer be loaded as [[w:en:JavaScript|javascript]]. You could do this using <code dir=ltr>?action=raw&ctype=text/javascript</code> in the [[w:en:URL|URL]]. Only fully protected pages in the MediaWiki: namespace or user javascript subpages can be loaded as javascript now. This is for better security. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-ambassadors/2018-September/001955.html][https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2018-September/090882.html] '''Problems''' * New and updated translations from [[en:w:translatewiki.net|translatewiki.net]] will not reach the wikis for a while. You can still translate messages on translatewiki.net. The Wikimedia wikis will be updated with the new translations later. This is because of work on the translation system. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-ambassadors/2018-September/001951.html][https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2018-September/090882.html] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.32/wmf.24|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 2 October. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 3 October. It will be on all wikis from 4 October ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.32/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20181003T15 3 October at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. * You can join the meeting with the Wikimedia Foundation Search Platform team. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20181003T15 3 October at 15:00 UTC]. See [[m:IRC office hours#Upcoming office hours|how to join]] if you want to know how the search function works or have questions. '''Future changes''' * Because of a data centre test you will be able to read but not edit the wikis for up to an hour on 10 October. This will start at [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?hour=14&min=00&sec=0&day=10&month=10&year=2018 14:00 (UTC)]. You might lose edits if you try to save during this time. The time when you can't edit might be shorter than an hour. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch 2018 2|You can read more about this]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/40|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2018-W40"/> 17:35, 1 October 2018 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=18433392 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/41|Tech News: 2018-41]] == <section begin="technews-2018-W41"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/41|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Education Program|Education Program extension]] was removed from all Wikimedia projects. You can use the [https://outreachdashboard.wmflabs.org/ Programs and Events Dashboard] or the [https://tools.wmflabs.org/fountain/editathons/ Fountain] instead. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T125618] '''Problems''' * There was a problem when you copied and pasted from a table with the visual editor. It could add <code>href</code> where it shouldn't be. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T108506] '''Changes later this week''' * Because of a data centre test you will be able to read but not edit the wikis for up to an hour on 10 October. This will start at [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?hour=14&min=00&sec=0&day=10&month=10&year=2018 14:00 (UTC)]. You might lose edits if you try to save during this time. The time when you can't edit might be shorter than an hour. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch 2018|You can read more about this]]. * Because of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch 2018|the data centre test]] there will be no new version of MediaWiki this week. Changes for this week will come next week instead. '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20181010T15 10 October at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/41|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2018-W41"/> 23:38, 8 October 2018 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=18453674 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/42|Tech News: 2018-42]] == <section begin="technews-2018-W42"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/42|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * Some pages, edits and users disappeared for a short while after the [[m:Tech/Server switch 2018|server switch]]. Missing content and users was fixed within a day. Some preferences and other things might take a few more days to fix. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T206743] * Wikis are updated with new and updated translations from [[m:translatewiki.net|translatewiki.net]] again. This will happen once a week. The developers are working on fixing the problem so we can have translation updates more often again. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/phame/post/view/121/translationwiki.net_security_incident/] '''Changes later this week''' * When you create an abuse filter that prevents edits you can now write a specific error message for it. Before this all abuse filters that prevented edits had the same error message. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T27086] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.32/wmf.26|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 16 October. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 17 October. It will be on all wikis from 18 October ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.32/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * There will be no more meetings with the Editing team. This is because not enough Wikimedians were interested. To tell developers which bugs you think are the most important you can use [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/ Phabricator] as normal. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Editing_team/Weekly_triage_meetings] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20181017T15 17 October at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/42|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2018-W42"/> 22:41, 15 October 2018 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=18470532 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/43|Tech News: 2018-43]] == <section begin="technews-2018-W43"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/43|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.33/wmf.1|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 23 October. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 24 October. It will be on all wikis from 25 October ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.33/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20181024T15 24 October at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2019|Community Wishlist Survey]] begins on 29 October. The survey decides what the [[m:Community Tech|Community Tech team]] will work on. You can post proposals from 29 October to 11 November. You can vote on proposals from 16 November to 30 November. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/43|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2018-W43"/> 23:12, 22 October 2018 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=18491932 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/44|Tech News: 2018-44]] == <section begin="technews-2018-W44"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/44|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * You can post proposals for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2019|Community Wishlist Survey]]. The survey decides what the [[m:Community Tech|Community Tech team]] will work on. You can post proposals until 11 November. You can vote on proposals from 16 November to 30 November. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The wikis now have a [[:w:en:Content Security Policy|content security policy report]]. This means that you might get a warning in your javascript console when you load external resources in your user scripts. For security reasons it is recommended that you don't do this. It might not be possible to load external resources in your scripts in the future. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-ambassadors/2018-October/001994.html] '''Problems''' * Your watchlist can show which changes you have already seen. This did not work for a few days. It has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T207472] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.33/wmf.2|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 30 October. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 31 October. It will be on all wikis from 1 November ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.33/Roadmap|calendar]]). * The 2006 wikitext editor is no longer available. It will be removed from [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|Special:Preferences]]. It has not been the standard editor for a long time. It was replaced by the [[mw:Extension:WikiEditor|2010 wikitext editor]]. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Contributors/Projects/Removal_of_the_2006_wikitext_editor][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T30856] '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20181031T15 31 October at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/44|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2018-W44"/> 20:09, 29 October 2018 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=18519160 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/45|Tech News: 2018-45]] == <section begin="technews-2018-W45"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/45|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * You can now use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:TemplateWizard|TemplateWizard]] to edit templates. This works only with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:WikiEditor|2010 wikitext editor]] and not in the visual editor or the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2017 wikitext editor|2017 wikitext editor]]. If you click on [[File:OOjs UI icon puzzle-ltr.svg|17px|link=|Puzzle icon]] you can enter the information in a pop-up. You can turn on TemplateWizard in your beta feature preferences. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T202545] '''Changes later this week''' * You can choose to see edit conflicts in a two-column view. This is a beta feature. You can find it in your preferences. The interface for the two-column edit conflict will change. You can [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Edit Conflicts#Solution: Solving edit conflicts line by line (new beta feature)|read more]]. * When you edit with the visual editor you can use the "Automatic" citation tab. This helps you generate citations. You will now be able to write plain text citations or the title of a journal article or a book in this tab. This will search the [[:w:en:Crossref|Crossref]] and [[:w:en:WorldCat|WorldCat]] databases and add the top result. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T198567] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.33/wmf.3|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 6 November. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 7 November. It will be on all wikis from 8 November ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.33/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20181107T15 7 November at 16:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/45|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2018-W45"/> 17:29, 5 November 2018 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=18540415 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/46|Tech News: 2018-46]] == <section begin="technews-2018-W46"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/46|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Some old mobile browsers can use the watchlist again. This has not worked for a while. These browsers are called [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Compatibility#Basic (Grade_C)|grade C browsers]]. This helps for example Windows Phone 8.1 with Internet Explorer and Lumia 535 with Windows 10. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T196893] '''Problems''' * You can choose to see edit conflicts in a two-column view. This is a beta feature. You can find it in your preferences. Users who use this view saw the edit conflict resolution page when they wanted to see a preview. This has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T208840][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T209012][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T209036] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.33/wmf.4|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 13 November. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 14 November. It will be on all wikis from 15 November ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.33/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20181114T15 14 November at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * You can use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation|content translation]] tool to translate articles. The developers are working on [[mw:Content translation/V2|a new version]]. One of the changes will be a maintenance category. Articles where users add a lot of text from machine translation without changing it will be in that category. This is so the community can review it. The users will also have been warned before they publish the article that it has a lot of unchanged text from machine translations. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T190798] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/46|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2018-W46"/> 19:22, 12 November 2018 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=18568837 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/47|Tech News: 2018-47]] == <section begin="technews-2018-W47"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/47|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * You can vote on proposals in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2019|Community Wishlist Survey]]. The survey decides what the [[m:Community Tech|Community Tech team]] will work on. You can vote until 30 November. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] There is an [[:w:en:A/B testing|A/B test]] for <code>sameAs</code> data. This is to make it easier to find the right information with a search engine. This changes the [[:w:en:Metadata|metadata]] for a wiki page. It doesn't change how the page looks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T209306] '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20181121T15 21 November at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * The Wikimedia wikis use templates to show readers there are problems with the content on some pages. For example if there are no sources or the page needs to be rewritten. The mobile website will soon show more information when you use these templates. Some templates may need to be updated. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2018-November/091113.html] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Education Program|Education Program extension]] was removed from all Wikimedia projects. The [[:w:en:Table (database)|database tables]] used by the extension will be archived. This will happen in a month. If you want the information on your wiki you should move it to a normal wiki page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T174802] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/47|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2018-W47"/> 23:29, 19 November 2018 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=18611020 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/48|Tech News: 2018-48]] == <section begin="technews-2018-W48"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/48|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * On wikis with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Translate|translatable pages]] you could create a mess when you moved a page that had translatable subpages. A subpage is when you use <code>/</code> to create a new page: <code>/wiki/Page/Subpage</code>. The subpages would be moved but not the translations. The subpages are no longer automatically be moved. This is to make it safer to move pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T114592] '''Changes later this week''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:AdvancedSearch|advanced search interface]] will be available by default on all Wikimedia wikis. It makes it easier to use some of the special search functions that most editors don't know exist. It's already active on German, Farsi, Arabic and Hungarian Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T193182] * [[Special:UnusedCategories|Special:UnusedCategories]] show empty categories with no files or other categories. You can soon choose to not show soft redirect categories or some maintenance categories there. You can do this with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words|magic word]] <code><nowiki>__EXPECTUNUSEDCATEGORY__</nowiki></code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T96041] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.33/wmf.6|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 27 November. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 28 November. It will be on all wikis from 29 November ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.33/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20181128T16 28 November at 16:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The <code>mw.util.jsMessage()</code> function was deprecated in 2012. It will be removed next week. [[:w:en:Wikipedia:Reporting JavaScript errors|Look for the warning]] <code>Use of "mw.util.jsMessage" is deprecated</code> in the JavaScript console to know if you use an affected script or gadget. If you are a gadget maintainer you should check if your JavaScript code contains <code>mw.util.jsMessage</code>. There is a [[mw:ResourceLoader/Migration guide (users)#mw.util.jsMessage|migration guide]]. It explains how to use <code>mw.notify</code> instead. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T193901] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/48|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2018-W48"/> 22:22, 26 November 2018 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=18638702 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/49|Tech News: 2018-49]] == <section begin="technews-2018-W49"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/49|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Admins will not be able to unblock themselves if they are blocked by someone other than themselves. This is because it can cause damage if someone else takes over an admin account and other admins can't block them. If this is a problem for your community you can [[phab:T150826|report it on Phabricator]]. You can also ask questions [[m:Tech|on Meta]]. There is a discussion [[phab:T150826|on Phabricator]] about how to solve this if two admins fight with each other on a small wiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T150826] * Small [[:w:en:Scalable Vector Graphics|SVG images]] are now bigger when you see them in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:MediaViewer|MediaViewer]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T71237] * You can go to a section from the edit summary by clicking on the section name. Before this you had to click on the arrow. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T165189] * When you jumped to a footnote that was referenced several times in an article it could be difficult to see where you were in the text. Now there are jump marks and highlights to help you find your way back. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Footnote_highlighting][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T194511] '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20181205T23 5 December at 16:00 (UTC)] and [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20181205T23 at 23:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/49|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2018-W49"/> 16:13, 3 December 2018 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=18671340 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/50|Tech News: 2018-50]] == <section begin="technews-2018-W50"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/50|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.33/wmf.8|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 11 December. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 12 December. It will be on all wikis from 13 December ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.33/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20181212T16 12 December at 16:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * New accounts will need passwords that are at least 8 characters long. Admins, interface admins, bureaucrats, oversighters, CentralNotice admins, global renamers, check users, stewards and some other user groups will need passwords that are at least 10 characters long. This is because an attacker could cause damage to the wikis if they took over these accounts. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Security_Team/Password_strengthening_2019][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Password_policy] * When you hover over a footnote it will show you the reference as a pop-up. This is so you don't have to jump down to the bottom of the page to see a reference. This will happen in 2019. Some wikis already have gadgets that do this. You will be able to turn it off. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/ReferencePreviews] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/50|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2018-W50"/> 17:34, 10 December 2018 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=18699559 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/51|Tech News: 2018-51]] == <section begin="technews-2018-W51"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/51|Translations]] are available. '''Tech News''' * Because of the [[w:en:Christmas and holiday season|holidays]] the next issue of Tech News will be sent out on 7 January 2019. '''Recent changes''' * Some templates that show notices about the content of the page will now be shown on the mobile website. In many cases they were hidden before. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Reading/Web/Projects/Mobile_Page_Issues][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T210553] * Admins can no longer unblock themselves, except for self-blocks. A blocked admin can block the user who blocked them but no one else. This is so no one can block all admins on a wiki without being stopped. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T150826] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:ParserMigration|ParserMigration extension]] has been removed. It compared the result of two versions of the MediaWiki wikitext parsing pipeline. It was used when we moved to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/RemexHtml|Remex parsing library]] instead of [[mw:Parsing/Replacing Tidy|Tidy]]. '''Problems''' * <code><nowiki><ref></nowiki></code> tags can use parameters such as "name" or "group". For example <code><nowiki><ref name="adams" group="books"></nowiki></code>. If a <code><nowiki><ref></nowiki></code> tag has more than two parameters all parameters are ignored. You don't get a warning that they don't work. This will soon be fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T211576] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.33/wmf.9|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 18 December. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 19 December. It will be on all wikis from 20 December ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.33/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20181219T16 19 December at 16:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * The Wikimedia Foundation [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps|Android app team]] are working on making it easier to edit on mobile phones. You can [[mw:Android editing features|read more]] about these plans. If you have an Android phone and speak at least two languages you can help testing in English. Tell [[:m:User:Dchen (WMF)|Dchen (WMF)]] you want to be part of the testing by writing on her talk page or email her. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] <code>tiles.wmflabs.org</code> and <code>wma.wmflabs.org</code> will stop working. They have no maintainers and run an old operating system. Tools which use it could stop working. This includes [[:w:en:Mapnik|the mapnik gadget]], hill shading, and hike and bike layers. New maintainers could help out and keep it going. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2018-December/091216.html] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/51|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2018-W51"/> 20:35, 17 December 2018 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=18718987 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/02|Tech News: 2019-02]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W02"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/02|Translations]] are available. ''Tech News writers, editors and translators wish you a pleasant 2019 year.'' '''Recent changes''' * RelatedSites extension has been undeployed. It was used to create interwiki links on Wikivoyage, now handled by Wikidata. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T128326] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] MediaWiki logstash logging is moving to a new infrastructure. This is an ongoing deployment. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Logging_infrastructure_design_document.pdf] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] [https://codesearch.wmflabs.org codesearch.wmflabs.org] has been updated, with new and updated repositories and a new search options for code. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-ambassadors/2019-January/002045.html] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] On several wikis, an account named "{{int:abusefilter-blocker}}" has been created on December 17 to perform some technical maintenance on AbuseFilter. This account has sysop rights but it's a system user and no human can use it. The account already existed on wikis where AbuseFilter can perform blocks, which are issued using this account. See [[:phabricator:T212268|T212268]] for more information and future plans. '''Problems''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] In [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]], the "{{int:abusefilter-action-throttle}}" action takes three parameters: count, period and groups. They must now strictly respect the requirements listed [[:mw:Extension:AbuseFilter/Actions#Throttling|on mediawiki.org]]. A list of broken filters is [[:phabricator:P7956|on Phabricator]]. If you're familiar with AbuseFilter, please take a look and fix them. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T209565] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.33/wmf.12|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from January 8. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from January 9. It will be on all wikis from January 10 ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.33/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * Search Platform Office Hours is rescheduled to January 9. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2019-January/091280.html Check the details] for time and date. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/02|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W02"/> 18:30, 7 January 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=18759682 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/03|Tech News: 2019-03]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W03"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/03|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * You can now use [[:w:en:Google Translate|Google Translate]] in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation|content translation tool]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T90208][https://wikimediafoundation.org/2019/01/09/you-can-now-use-google-translate-to-translate-articles-on-wikipedia/] * You can now add [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:File captions|captions]] to files on Commons. Captions are short descriptions of the file. They can be translated to all languages we use. They can't use wikitext markup. * Earlier a [[:w:en:Attribute (computing)|quoted HTML attribute]] had to be followed by a space. Now it doesn't. This means that some pages could look different when you save them even if you didn't edit that part of the text. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Topic:Uqhg1it7nojfnjfg][https://github.com/wikimedia/mediawiki/commit/59bb8864a23f3df120789c7619ef07acefa27b9c] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] Templates with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateStyles|<nowiki><templatestyles></nowiki>]] could not show the difference between the live template and the [[w:en:Sandbox (software development)|sandbox]] version when they were tested. This has now been fixed. <nowiki><templatestyles></nowiki> has a new <code>wrapper</code> parameter now. You can use it for selectors like <code dir="ltr">.mw-parser-output <nowiki><wrapper parameter value> <selector from CSS page></nowiki></code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T200441] '''Problems''' * When you see an edit in the recent changes feed or in the history of a page some of them have [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Tags|tags]]. Some tags are added automatically. You can also add tags manually. Tags for edits that have been added manually can be edited. This didn't work for a little while. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T212703] '''Changes later this week''' *You can move files from your wiki to Wikimedia Commons and keep the file history with the new [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Move files to Commons|FileExporter]]. It will be a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Beta Features|beta feature]] on all wikis from 16 January. If you want to test it you [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|activate it]] and check [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Move files to Commons/Configuration file documentation|your wiki's configuration file]]. * Users who could cause more damage to the wikis if someone took over their account have to have more secure passwords. This includes administrators and other user groups. They can't use passwords that are in a list of common passwords. Accounts with common passwords are easy to take over. The list of common passwords was made longer a few weeks ago and has a different error message. Some user groups have been added to those who can't use common passwords. This is to protect all accounts with user rights that could cause damage. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/#/c/operations/mediawiki-config/+/481115/] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]] variable <code>minor_edit</code> has been removed. It was deprecated in 2016. Now you can't use it. You can fix the filters using it. You can find them if you use the search bar on [[Special:AbuseFilter|Special:AbuseFilter]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.33/wmf.13|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from January 15 <section end="technews-2019-W03"/> 17:55, 14 January 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=18781471 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/04|Tech News: 2019-04]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W04"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/04|Translations]] are available. '''Tech News''' * Some people did not get last week's issue of Tech News. This was because of a problem with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|MassMessage]]. If you did not get last week's issue, you can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/03|read it on Meta]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T213942] '''Recent changes''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation|content translation tool]] can now use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation/V2|version 2]] as the default version for users who turned on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Beta Features|beta feature]]. For example it adds the tracking category <code>{{int:cx-unreviewed-translation-category}}</code> to translations that might have used machine translations without fixing the problems. This is so others can find them. You can find this category in <code>Special:TrackingCategories</code> on Wikipedias. * [https://mediawiki2latex-large.wmflabs.org https://mediawiki2latex-large.wmflabs.org] can now convert collects of up to 800 pages to [[:w:en:PDF|PDF]], [[:w:en:EPUB|EPUB]] or [[:w:en:OpenDocument|ODT]]. Previously this was 200 pages. '''Problems''' * When a template was edited with the visual editor, it would sometimes put all information on one line. This makes it difficult to read for editors who use the wikitext editor. It also makes it more difficult to see what happened in a diff. This problem affected edits made between 8 and 17 January and is now fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T213922] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|MassMessage]] is used to post a message to many pages. It has not been working reliably. Some messages have not been posted to everyone. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T213942][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T139380] * Because of a database problem that had to be fixed immediately you could not edit most wikis for a couple of minutes on 17 January (UTC). This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T213858] '''Changes later this week''' * You will be able to use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateStyles|template styles]] in the <code>Module</code> namespace. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T200914] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.33/wmf.14|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 22 January. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 23 January. It will be on all wikis from 24 January ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.33/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190123T16 23 January at 16:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/04|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W04"/> 20:37, 21 January 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_targets/8&oldid=18802332 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/05|Tech News: 2019-05]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W05"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/05|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The Wikimedia servers use [[:w:en:HHVM|HHVM]] to run the [[:w:en:PHP|PHP]] code. They are [[mw:Wikimedia Technology/Annual Plans/FY2019/TEC4: PHP7 Migration/Goals|going to use PHP7]] and stop using HHVM. You can test PHP7 with a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Beta Features/PHP7|new beta feature]]. That way you can [[mw:Talk:Beta Features/PHP7|help find and report]] problems. '''Problems''' * When someone moves a page to a name that already exists that page that had the name the article is moved to is deleted. For a couple of months this didn't always work. Some users saw an error message instead. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T210739] '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190130T16 30 January at 16:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/05|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W05"/> 18:16, 28 January 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=18821217 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/06|Tech News: 2019-06]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W06"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/06|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * It was easy to untick a box by accident in [[Special:Preferences|Special:Preferences]]. This will now be fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T213517] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.33/wmf.16|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 5 February. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 6 February. It will be on all wikis from 7 February ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.33/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190206T16 6 February at 16:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/06|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W06"/> 17:12, 4 February 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=18846213 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/07|Tech News: 2019-07]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W07"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/07|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * You can use the <code>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Recommendations for mobile friendly articles on Wikimedia wikis#Making page issues (ambox templates) mobile friendly|ambox]]</code> [[:w:en:Cascading Style Sheets|CSS]] class to show page issues to mobile readers. When you use <code>ambox</code> there are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Recommendations for mobile friendly articles on Wikimedia wikis#Making page issues (ambox templates) mobile friendly|classes]] you can use. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.33/wmf.17|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 12 February. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 13 February. It will be on all wikis from 14 February ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.33/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190213T16 13 February at 16:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/07|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W07"/> 18:46, 11 February 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=18862544 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/08|Tech News: 2019-08]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W08"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/08|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * When you [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Thanks|thank]] someone on the mobile web you will now have two seconds to cancel the thank. This is in case you clicked on the thank button by accident. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T63737] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.33/wmf.18|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 19 February. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 20 February. It will be on all wikis from 21 February ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.33/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190220T16 20 February at 16:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * There is a proposal to add a red link to mobile search results if there is no page with that name. This is how it works on desktop. You can [[mw:Talk:Readers/Web/Advanced mobile contributions|leave feedback]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T211006] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/08|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W08"/> 23:14, 18 February 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=18883065 --> == Talk to us about talking == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-rtl.svg|alt="icon depicting two speech Bubbles"|frameless|right|120px]] The Wikimedia Foundation is planning a [[mw:Talk pages consultation 2019|global consultation about communication]]. The goal is to bring Wikimedians and wiki-minded people together to improve tools for communication. We want all contributors to be able to talk to each other on the wikis, whatever their experience, their skills or their devices. We are looking for input from as many different parts of the Wikimedia community as possible. It will come from multiple projects, in multiple languages, and with multiple perspectives. We are currently planning the consultation. We need your help. '''We need volunteers to help talk to their communities or user groups.''' You can help by hosting a discussion at your wiki. Here's what to do: # First, [[mw:Talk pages consultation 2019/Participant group sign-up|sign up your group here.]] # Next, create a page (or a section on a Village pump, or an e-mail thread – whatever is natural for your group) to collect information from other people in your group. This is not a vote or decision-making discussion: we are just collecting feedback. # Then ask people what they think about communication processes. We want to hear stories and other information about how people communicate with each other on and off wiki. Please consider asking these five questions: ## When you want to discuss a topic with your community, what tools work for you, and what problems block you? ## What about talk pages works for newcomers, and what blocks them? ## What do others struggle with in your community about talk pages? ## What do you wish you could do on talk pages, but can't due to the technical limitations? ## What are the important aspects of a "wiki discussion"? # Finally, please go to [[mw:Talk:Talk pages consultation 2019|Talk pages consultation 2019 on Mediawiki.org]] and report what you learned from your group. Please include links if the discussion is available to the public. '''You can also help build the list of the many different ways people talk to each other.''' Not all groups active on wikis or around wikis use the same way to discuss things: it can happen on wiki, on social networks, through external tools... Tell us [[mw:Talk pages consultation 2019/Tools in use|how your group communicates]]. You can read more about [[mw:Talk pages consultation 2019|the overall process]] on mediawiki.org. If you have questions or ideas, you can [[mw:Talk:Talk pages consultation 2019|leave feedback about the consultation process]] in the language you prefer. Thank you! We're looking forward to talking with you. </div> [[user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] 15:09, 21 February 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Trizek_(WMF)/Sandbox&oldid=18890731 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/09|Tech News: 2019-09]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W09"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/09|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * There is a [https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewSoftware?id=324715238&mt=8 new version] of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/iOS FAQ|iOS Wikipedia app]]. It has for example [[:w:en:Syntax highlighting|syntax highlighting]] and new toolbars to make it easier to write wikitext. It also has night mode, a find-on-page function and other things. You can [[mw:Talk:Wikimedia Apps|give feedback and suggestions]]. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/iOS/Editing_program] '''Changes later this week''' * When you look at your watchlist or the recent changes page you can use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit Review Improvements/New filters for edit review|new filters for edit review]]. There you can choose tags to filter different edits. Empty tags will no longer be shown. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T182219] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.33/wmf.19|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 26 February. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 27 February. It will be on all wikis from 28 February ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.33/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190227T16 27 February at 16:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps|Wikipedia app]] for Android will invite users to add Wikidata descriptions to Wikidata objects that have Wikipedia articles but no Wikidata descriptions. It will only invite users who have added a number of Wikidata descriptions in the app without being reverted. This is to avoid spam and bad edits. You can [[mw: Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/AppEditorTasks|read more]] and [[mw:Talk:Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Android/AppEditorTasks|leave feedback]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/09|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W09"/> 21:17, 25 February 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=18898106 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/10|Tech News: 2019-10]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W10"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/10|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.33/wmf.20|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 5 March. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 6 March. It will be on all wikis from 7 March ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.33/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190306T16 6 March at 16:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * You can [[mw:Talk pages consultation 2019/Participant group sign-up|give feedback]] on the future of talk pages. * The mobile website will use the standard [[:w:en:Font|fonts]] on your computer or phone instead of a generic font. This will make it easier to read text in many scripts. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Design/Projects/Improve_mobile_reading_experience][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T175877] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/10|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W10"/> 16:38, 4 March 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=18912959 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/11|Tech News: 2019-11]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W11"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/11|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Pages can use [[:wikidata:Property:P625|geocoordinates]] from Wikidata with the <code>mw.wikibase.entity:formatStatements</code> [[w:Lua (programming language)|Lua]] function or the <code>#statements</code> [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Parser functions|parser function]]. If they do, they will now be shown using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer#<maplink>|a Kartographer <code><maplink></code>]] if the wiki can use Kartographer. You can report bugs or ask questions [[phab:T210926|on Phabricator]]. * There is now an [[:wikitech:EventStreams|EventStream]] to see when [https://stream.wikimedia.org/?doc#!/Streams/get_v2_stream_page_links_change links are added or removed] on Wikimedia wikis. You can read the [[phab:T115119|discussions and plans]]. '''Problems''' * Some wikis will not be able to edit for a short period of time on 19 March ([[:w:en:Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]). This will start at [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190319T15 15:00 UTC]. It will last up to 15 minutes but probably shorter. You can [[phab:T217441|see the list of affected wikis]]. This is because of network maintenance. You can still read the wikis. * Editors who use Firefox to edit with the visual editor had a problem with copying text. When they tried to select text that included footnotes, templates or block images in the middle they would often only get part of the text. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T214976] * Some maps didn't work for a while on 8 March. This has been fixed. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incident_documentation/20190308-wdqs][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T217898] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.33/wmf.21|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 12 March. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 13 March. It will be on all wikis from 14 March ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.33/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190313T16 13 March at 16:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/11|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W11"/> 19:30, 11 March 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=18925338 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/12|Tech News: 2019-12]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W12"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/12|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * When you use [[:m:Help:Reverting#Advanced features|rollback]] you will be able to get a confirmation prompt on most wikis. It asks you if you wanted to do the rollback. This is to avoid misclicks. You will have to [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|opt in]] to get it. On German Wikipedia it will be an opt-out feature from 28 March. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T199534][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Rollback] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.33/wmf.22|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 19 March. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 20 March. It will be on all wikis from 21 March ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.33/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190320T16 20 March at 16:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * Admins will be able to block someone from editing a page or a namespace. This already works on a few Wikimedia wikis. You can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community health initiative/Partial blocks|read more]]. If your wiki wants to be an early tester of this, you can [[m:Talk:Community health initiative/Partial blocks|tell the developers]]. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikimedia-l/2018-August/090842.html] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] [[:wikitech:Help:Toolforge|Toolforge]] will [[:wikitech:News/Toolforge Trusty deprecation|shut down the Ubuntu Trusty job grid]]. This will happen the week of 25 March. Tools that use this grid needs to be moved to the new Debian Stretch job grid. If they haven't, they will be taken offline. Maintainers can restart the tools later. Users may not be able to use them in the meanwhile. You can see a [[:toolforge:trusty-tools/|list of affected tools]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/12|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W12"/> 19:44, 18 March 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=18939566 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/13|Tech News: 2019-13]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W13"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/13|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation/V2|new version of the content translation tool]] will be used for all new translations. The older version will still be used for translations that were started with it. Most users won’t see any change. More than 80% of the published translations are already using the new version. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T212646] '''Problems''' * There was a problem with editing with [[:w:en:Safari (web browser)|Safari]] on [[:w:en:IOS|iOS]]. When you wrote an edit summary you couldn't save the edit. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T218352] * The editing toolbar sometimes disappears when you scroll on [[:w:en:IOS|iOS]] devices. This will be fixed soon. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T218414] * Wikis can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:System message|over-ride interface messages]] on-wiki. A problem meant that sometimes an old versions of any changed messages were shown instead. This included the sitenotice and other important parts of the interface. This was fixed at around 2019-03-22 16:00 (UTC). Logged-out users may still get the wrong message. Purging the page should fix it for them. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T218918] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.33/wmf.23|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 26 March. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 27 March. It will be on all wikis from 28 March ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.33/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190327T16 27 March at 16:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/13|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W13"/> 18:05, 25 March 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=18947493 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/14|Tech News: 2019-14]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W14"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/14|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Notifications|Notifications]] tell you about things that happen on the wiki. You can turn on notifications about [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Notifications/Notifications_types#echo-category-title-article-linked|new links to pages you created]]. For performance reasons you can no longer get e-mails about this. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T219444] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.33/wmf.24|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 2 April. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 3 April. It will be on all wikis from 4 April ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.33/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190403T16 3 April at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/14|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W14"/> 16:29, 1 april 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=18980992 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/15|Tech News: 2019-15]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W15"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/15|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * More wikis are now testing visual editor section editing for mobile users. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor on mobile/Section editing|read more]]. * Admins on French and Polish Wikipedia can [[m:Community health initiative/Partial blocks|block someone from editing a page or a namespace]]. If your wiki wants to get these blocks before they are available to all wikis, you can [[m:Talk:Community health initiative/Partial blocks|tell the developers]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T219327][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T219218] '''Problems''' * You will be able read but not edit most wikis for 30 minutes on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190411T05 11 April at 05:00 (UTC)]. This is because of a hardware problem. You can [[phab:T220080|see a list of the affected wikis]]. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2019-April/091900.html] * A map update caused some problems on 29 March and 30 March. It was rolled back. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T217087] * Pages on some Wikivoyages had problems with the top headline. This has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T97891#5079408] '''Changes later this week''' * When you add an edit summary the VisualEditor will search your recent edit summaries in case you want to re-use one. This works in both the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User guide|visual]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2017 wikitext editor|wikitext]] modes on desktop. It also works [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile|on the mobile site]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T50274] * The Wikimedia wikis will get a [[:w:en:URL shortening|URL shortener]]. This will work from 11 April. You can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia URL Shortener|read more]]. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikidata/2019-April/012893.html] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The <code><nowiki>{{REVISIONID}}</nowiki></code> magic word will no longer work. This is for performance reasons. When you preview a page it will return <code>""</code> (empty string). When you read a page it will return <code>"-"</code> (dash). For now this will only affect content namespaces. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T137900] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.33/wmf.25|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 9 April. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 10 April. It will be on all wikis from 11 April ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.33/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190410T15 10 April at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * You will be able to preview references. This means that when you hover over the link you will get a popup that shows you a preview of the reference. It will work much like [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Page Previews|page previews]]. This is so you don't have to go to the bottom of the page to see a reference. This will now be available as a beta feature on German and Arabic Wikipedia. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/ReferencePreviews][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T67114] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The Wikidata [[:w:en:JSON|JSON]] output will change. Empty containers will be serialised as empty objects. This is a breaking change that will affect tools that use JSON outputs and APIs. It will happen on 30 April. You can [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikidata/2019-April/012891.html read more and see how to test your code]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/15|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W15"/> 18:25, 8 april 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=18988936 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/16|Tech News: 2019-16]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W16"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/16|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' *All wikis now have the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:TemplateWizard|TemplateWizard]] for the wikitext editor. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.34/wmf.1|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 16 April. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 17 April. It will be on all wikis from 18 April ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.34/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190417T15 17 April at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * Wikidata will get a new [[:wikidata:Help:Property constraints portal#Constraint statements on properties|constraint status]] called <code> suggestion</code>. This [[mailarchive:wikidata/2019-April/012911.html|will change]] how the <code>WikibaseQualityConstraints</code> constraint checking API works. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikidata/2019-April/012910.html][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T204439] * You can test the [[c:Commons:Structured data/Get involved/Feedback requests/Depicts testing|<code>depicts</code> property]] for structured data on Commons. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/16|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W16"/> 23:00, 15 april 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=19011282 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/17|Tech News: 2019-17]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W17"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/17|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/AdvancedSearch|advanced search]] function [[:w:en:URL|URL]] now shows which namespaces you search in. The namespace field is collapsed by default on the search page. You can also [[gerrit:plugins/gitiles/mediawiki/extensions/AdvancedSearch/+/refs/heads/master/docs/adding_fields.md|add new fields]] to the search interface through a [[:w:en:Hooking|hook]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T217445][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T217443][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T217446] * The wikis now look slightly different in the mobile web version. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2019-April/091978.html] '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190423T15 23 April at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * Wikipedia articles will have the <code>[https://schema.org/sameAs sameAs]</code> [https://schema.org/Property meta property]. It adds structured data. This makes it easier for search engines to find Wikipedia articles. It also makes it easier to reuse content. There will an [[:w:en:A/B testing|A/B test]]. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Reading/Seach_Engine_Optimization/sameAs_test][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T209306] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/17|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W17"/> 19:08, 23 april 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=19030007 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/18|Tech News: 2019-18]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W18"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/18|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps|Wikipedia app]] for Android now invites users to add Wikidata descriptions to Wikidata objects that have Wikipedia articles but no Wikidata descriptions. It will only invite users who have added a number of Wikidata descriptions in the app without being reverted. This is to avoid spam and bad edits. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Android/AppEditorTasks][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T205125] '''Problems''' * Tech News was late last week because of a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:MassMessage|MassMessage]] bug. Other newsletters had the same problem. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T221570] '''Changes later this week''' * You will see when you last refreshed the recent changes page. This is so you can see how recent the changes are. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T200353] * When you write a comment in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured Discussions|Structured Discussions]] but have not posted it yet your [[:w:en:Web browser|web browser]] will save it in <code>[[:w:en:Web storage#Local and session storage|local storage]]</code> instead of <code>[[:w:en:Web storage#Local and session storage|session storage]]</code>. This means you do not lose them even if you close your web browser. Structured Discussions used to be called Flow. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T93612] * You will be able to turn off [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Notifications/Notifications types#Milestone|milestone notifications]]. Milestone notifications congratulate you when you have made certain numbers of edits. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T169924] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.33/wmf.3|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 30 April. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 1 May. It will be on all wikis from 2 May ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.33/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190501T15 1 May at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The Wikidata <code>wb_terms</code> table will be dropped. This will affect some Wikidata tools. They need to be updated. The table has become too big which is causing problems. This will happen on 29 May. You can [[mailarchive:wikidata/2019-April/012987.html|read more]]. You can ask for help if you need it. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] Wikimedia wikis will soon use a token when you log out. This changes how the API works. Some tools might need to be updated. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T25227] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/18|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W18"/> 22:28, 29 april 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=19046269 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/19|Tech News: 2019-19]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W19"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/19|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * [[Special:Watchlist|Special:Watchlist]] can show the wrong information. It does not always show which edits are read and which are unread. The developers are working on solving the problem. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T218511] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.34/wmf.5|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 7 May. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 8 May. It will be on all wikis from 9 May ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.33/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190507T15 8 May at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/19|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W19"/> 16:28, 6 মে' 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=19073915 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/20|Tech News: 2019-20]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W20"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/20|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.34/wmf.5|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 14 May. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 15 May. It will be on all wikis from 16 May ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.34/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190514T15 15 May at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/20|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W20"/> 00:49, 14 মে' 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=19091659 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/21|Tech News: 2019-21]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W21"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/21|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The report for phase 1 of the talk pages consultation 2019 [[mw:special:MyLanguage/Talk pages consultation_2019/Phase 1 report|has been published]]. Communities are invited to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages consultation 2019/Participant group sign-up#Phase2|start phase 2 of the consultation]] on their wikis. '''Problems''' * File descriptions for files from Commons were not shown properly on other Wikimedia wikis for a few days. For example the image descriptions and license information were missing. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T222935][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T222954] * Some diffs show an error message when you try to see them. The developers are working on fixing it. It could be because of some edit comments. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T222857][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T222628] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.34/wmf.6|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2019-05-21|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2019-05-22|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2019-05-23|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.34/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190521T15 {{#time:j xg|2019-05-22|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}} at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * The [[mw:Content translation/V2|content translation tool]] on Wikipedia can use machine translations. There is a system to stop translations where the editors do not fix machine translation mistakes. This warns or stops them if they seem to just copy what the machine translation gives them. If this system is too strict or not strict enough you can [[mw:Talk:Content translation|tell the language team]]. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Content_translation/Translating/Translation_quality] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The Wikidata <code>wbeditentity</code> [[:w:en:Application programming interface|API]] endpoint will remove all aliases if the request includes an empty alias. This is how it supposed to work. It has not been working this way because of a bug. This will start on 12 June. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikidata/2019-May/013051.html] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/21|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W21"/> 13:04, 20 মে' 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=19108030 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/22|Tech News: 2019-22]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W22"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/22|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] Big changes to the [[w:en:Replication (computing)|replica database]] will happen on 3 June. Some tools on [[:wikitech:Help:Cloud Services Introduction|Cloud Services]] will stop working if the maintainers do not update them to use the new schema. This probably affects tools that query for revisions or log entries made by a user. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T223406][https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/cloud-announce/2019-May/000172.html] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.34/wmf.7|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 28 May. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 29 May. It will be on all wikis from 30 May ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.34/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190529T15 29 May at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/22|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W22"/> 15:34, 27 May 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=19120221 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/23|Tech News: 2019-23]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W23"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/23|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * You can now write all special letters in all African Wikipedia languages. This works in the desktop version. [https://aharoni.wordpress.com/2019/05/25/happy-africa-day-keyboards-for-all-african-wikipedia-languages/] * There is now a field called <code>[[:c:Commons:Depicts|depicts]]</code> on Commons. This is a way to show what is in a picture with the help of Wikidata. It is still in development. [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Village_pump#Adding_qualifiers_to_Depicts] * Some tools on Toolforge may break on or after 3 June because of database changes. Maintainers should update their tools to use the new schema. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T223406][https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/cloud-announce/2019-May/000172.html] '''Problems''' * You will be able to read but not to edit Wikimedia Commons for 30 minutes on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190619T05 19 June at 05:00 (UTC)]. This is to fix a hardware problem. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T224516] '''Changes later this week''' * Some wikis have one tab for the visual editor and one tab for a wikitext editor. Others wikis just have one tab. If your wiki has two tabs, clicking a link to create a new page has always opened a wikitext editor. It will now open the editor you used the last time you edited. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T223793] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.34/wmf.8|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 4 May. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 5 May. It will be on all wikis from 6 May ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.34/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190605T15 5 May at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/23|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W23"/> 15:25, 3 June 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=19133752 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/24|Tech News: 2019-24]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W24"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/24|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * When you create a PDF from a page on the wiki this is now done by [[mw:Proton|Proton]]. Before this we used [[mw:Electron|Electron]]. It should look the same but work better. Both use Chromium. This is a different system from when you collect several articles into a book and make a PDF from them. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T210651][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T186748] * The Flagged Revisions extension now uses the standard OOUI icons. There will be additional minor fixes for positioning in the next deployment. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T155878] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] Bots and other scripts that do not set an identifiable [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User-Agent policy|User-Agent]] may find their requests strictly rate-limited until they identify themselves properly. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T224891] '''Problems''' * Please check if the Flagged Revisions configuration on your wiki is as you expect (or as it was a few weeks ago). If not, please [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/maniphest/task/edit/form/1/?projects=Wikimedia-Site-Requests%2CMediaWiki-extensions-FlaggedRevs report it]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T225144] '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190612T15 12 June at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/24|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W24"/> 17:07, 10 June 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=19143311 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/25|Tech News: 2019-25]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W25"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/25|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * You will be able to read but not to edit Wikimedia Commons for 30 minutes on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190619T05 19 June at 05:00 (UTC)]. This is to fix a hardware problem. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T224516] '''Changes later this week''' * [[:w:en:MIDI|MIDI]] files can soon be played without the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Score|Score extension]]. You can then add them with <code><nowiki>[[File:Filename.midi]]</nowiki></code>. Later <code>override_midi</code> and <code>override_audio</code> will stop working. Instead you will need to add the MIDI file below the music score. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T135597] * A new video player will soon replace the old one. You will be able to enable it as a beta feature in [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|your preferences]]. It will later be enabled for everyone if there are no big problems. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T148103] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.34/wmf.10|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 18 June. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 19 June. It will be on all wikis from 20 June ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.34/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190619T15 19 June at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] Some gadgets and user scripts still use the old <code>wgEnableAPI</code> and <code>wgEnableWriteAPI</code> values. These values are always true. They will soon be removed. This might break the gadgets and scripts. You should fix your gadgets to not use these values. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/c/mediawiki/core/+/504076] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/25|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W25"/> 20:38, 17 June 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=19152213 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/26|Tech News: 2019-26]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W26"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/26|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.34/wmf.10|new version]] of MediaWiki for last week was not fully released due to issues. It was removed from most wikis on Tuesday and from test wikis on Thursday. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2019-June/092212.html] * Most wikis were slow and then briefly read-only last week due to one of the database servers having a problem. It is now replaced. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T225981] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.34/wmf.11|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 25 June. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 26 June. It will be on all wikis from 27 June ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.34/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * You can watch or join the next [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2019-June/092210.html Wikimedia Language showcase]. It will be about the usage of Machine Translation in Wikimedia projects. The showcase will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190626T13 26 June at 13:00 (UTC)]. A recording will be kept for later viewing * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190626T15 26 June at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/26|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W26"/> 17:30, 24 June 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=19168431 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/27|Tech News: 2019-27]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W27"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/27|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The development of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata Bridge|Wikidata Bridge]] has started. The goal is to allow Wikidata edits from Wikipedia. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikidata/2019-June/013216.html] '''Problems''' * Sometimes pages load slowly for users routed to the Amsterdam data center. Investigation is in progress. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T226048] * Wikidata query service was overloaded between 11:50 UTC until 13:15 UTC on June 24. It has been fixed. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incident_documentation/20190624-wdqs] '''Changes later this week''' * You will be able to read but not to edit all wikis for a short amount of time, on 3 July at 06:00 (UTC). This is to move a database. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T226358] * There is no deployment of a new version of MediaWiki on the wikis this week ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.34/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190703T15 3 July at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/27|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W27"/> 21:23, 1 July 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=19175317 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/28|Tech News: 2019-28]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W28"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/28|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * For event organizers, if you [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mass_account_creation#Requesting_temporary_lift_of_IP_cap|request a temporary lift of the IP cap]] for mass account creation, this will now also raise the edit rate limit for those new accounts at the event, which will prevent another bottleneck. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T204583] * Administrators at all Wiktionary, Wikivoyage, and Wikisource wikis are now able to use the new [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community_health_initiative/Partial_blocks|partial blocks]] feature. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T218626] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.34/wmf.13|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 9 July. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 10 July. It will be on all wikis from 11 July ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.34/Roadmap|calendar]]). * The design of MediaWiki's software windows will change for desktop users. Layout will be simpler, buttons will be bolder and clearer, and close buttons will be just icons. This is like the mobile design. This will affect ContentTranslation, VisualEditor, TemplateWizard, and other tools. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T226045] '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190710T15 10 July at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * Wikidata will be in read-only mode on 30 July from 05:00 to 05:30 UTC because of a server switch. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T227063] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] There will be a change in the name format of new Wikidata RDF dumps starting on 15 July. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T226153] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/28|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W28"/> 20:13, 8 July 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=19192465 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/29|Tech News: 2019-29]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W29"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/29|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The mobile web will get more advanced editing tools. Seven more Wikipedias can use them now. This works for Arabic, Indonesian, Italian, Persian, Japanese, Spanish and Thai Wikipedia. You can try the tools on the mobile web and give feedback. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:CKoerner_(WMF)/Advanced_mobile_contribution_options_second_update] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The abuse filter system user will soon do maintenance edits on broken abuse filters. This user is called <code>{{int:abusefilter-blocker}}</code> and has administrator rights. This is meant to fix technical problems. It will not do any other changes. You [[phab:T209565|can read more]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.34/wmf.14|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 16 July. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 17 July. It will be on all wikis from 18 July ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.34/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190717T15 17 July at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps|Wikipedia app]] for Android will invite users to add image captions to images on Commons. It will only invite users who have added a number of edits in the app without being reverted. This is to avoid spam and bad edits. You can [[mw:Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/AppEditorTasks|read more]] and [[mw:Talk:Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Android/AppEditorTasks|leave feedback]]. [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Village_pump/Archive/2019/03#Edit_action_feed_(Android_Wikipedia_app)] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/29|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W29"/> 15:30, 15 July 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=19199404 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/30|Tech News: 2019-30]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W30"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/30|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Communities interested by easing newcomers' first steps can now benefit from the Growth team experiments on their wikis. Check [[mw:Growth/Communities/How to get the Growth experiments on your wiki|the conditions and the request process]]. * The [[m:Coolest_Tool_Award|Coolest Tool Award 2019]] is looking for nominations. You can recommend tools by July 29. The awarded tools will be presented at Wikimania. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2019-July/092301.html] '''Problems''' * The release of the last version of MediaWiki (1.34.0-wmf.14) has been blocked for groups 1 and 2. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-ambassadors/2019-July/002184.html] '''Changes later this week''' * Phabricator database will be moved to a different server. Writes will be blocked on Thursday 25 July, between 05:30 and 06:00 AM UTC. Reads will remain unaffected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T228243] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.34/wmf.15|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 23 July. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 24 July. It will be on all wikis from 25 July ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.34/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190723T15 24 July at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Edit cards|Some items in the visual editor]] will change later this week. This will make it easier to edit links, citations, and templates on both desktop and mobile. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T225834][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T221247] * With [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:AdvancedSearch|advanced search]] turned on you will be able to choose the sorting order of the search results when you do a search. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T225479][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T197525] * Users who edit from IP addresses whitelisted on a [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Mass_account_creation#Requesting temporary lift of_IP cap|request for temporary lift of the IP cap for mass account creation]] will bypass CAPTCHAs. This will happen in August. If you think this should not happen for some reason, please [[:phab:T227487|let us know]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The variable <code>user_wpzero</code> will be removed from AbuseFilter. [[phab:T227843#5344413|A list of filters needing a fix is provided]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/30|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W30"/> 13:08, 22 July 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=19224936 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/31|Tech News: 2019-31]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W31"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/31|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * Wikidata will be in read-only mode on 30 July from 05:00 to 05:30 UTC because of a server switch. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T227063] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.34/wmf.16|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 30 July. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 31 July. It will be on all wikis from 1 August ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.34/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190731T15 31 July at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/31|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W31"/> 21:42, 29 July 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=19235136 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/32|Tech News: 2019-32]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W32"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/32|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.34/wmf.17|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 6 August. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 7 August. It will be on all wikis from 8 August ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.34/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Problems''' *A change in [[mw:Extension:RelatedArticles|RelatedArticles extension]] accidentally enabled it for everyone, not just for mobile users. This has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T181242][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T229644] '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190807T15 7 August at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * Today everyone can see [[:w:en:IP addresses|IP addresses]] if someone edits without an account. In the future this could be more hidden. This is to protect unregistered editors so fewer can see their IP address. This would only happen after we make sure the tools for vandal fighting can still be effective. You can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP_Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation|read more]] and [[m:Talk:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation|comment]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/32|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W32"/> 13:25, 5 August 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=19263690 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/33|Tech News: 2019-33]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W33"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/33|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Editors using the mobile website on Wikipedia can opt-in to new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Advanced_mobile_contributions|advanced features]] via your settings page. This will give access to more interface links, special pages, and tools. Feedback on the discussion page is appreciated. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T228916] * Due to the absence of volunteer maintenance of Cologne Blue skin, the link to activate it will be hidden. The skin will still work, but editors using it are encouraged to switch to another skin. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T223824] '''Changes later this week''' * Due to Wikimania, there is no deployment this week. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments#Week_of_August_12th] '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190813T15 13 August at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * The "Wikidata item" link will be moved from "Tools" to "In other projects" section on all Wikimedia projects, starting on August 21. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikidata/2019-August/013316.html Full announcement], [[phab:T66315|Phabricator task]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/33|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W33"/> 18:20, 12 August 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=19280448 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/34|Tech News: 2019-34]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W34"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/34|Translations]] are available. '''Tech News''' * There will be no Tech News issue next week. The next issue of Tech News will be sent out on 2 September 2019. '''Problems''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] Some abuse filters stopped working because of a code change. Only variables for the current action will work. Variables defined inside a branch may not work outside of that branch. You can [[phab:T230256|read more]] to see how to fix the filters. * Only six accounts can be created from one [[:w:en:IP address|IP address]] per day. Between 12 August and August 15 this was two accounts per day. This was because of a security issue. It is now six accounts per day again. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T230521] '''Changes later this week''' * Only a limited number of accounts can be created from one [[:w:en:IP address|IP address]]. An IP address can be [[:w:en:Whitelisting |whitelisted]] so that it can create as many accounts as needed. This is useful at events where many new persons learn to edit. IP addresses that are whitelisted for this reason will also not show [[w:en:CAPTCHA|CAPTCHAs]] when you create accounts. This will happen on Wednesday. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T227487] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.34/wmf.19|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 20 August. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 21 August. It will be on all wikis from 22 August ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.34/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190821T15 21 August at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * There is an [[:w:en: Request for Comments|RFC]] about creating a new global user group with the right to edit [[:mw:Extension:AbuseFilter|abuse filters]]. This will be used to fix broken filters and make sure all filters will still work when software changes happen. You can [[:m:Requests for comment/Creating abusefilter-manager global group|read more and comment]]. * <code>Special:Contributions/newbies</code> will no longer be working. This is because of performance reasons. It showed edits by new accounts. You can see this in the recent changes feed instead. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T220447] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/34|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W34"/> 15:21, 19 August 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=19310286 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/36|Tech News: 2019-36]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W36"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/36|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * You can use the new [[wikidata:Wikidata:Development/Termbox|termbox]] interface if you edit Wikidata on a mobile device. This is to edit labels, descriptions and aliases easier on the mobile pages. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikidata/2019-August/013355.html] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.34/wmf.20|new version]] of MediaWiki has been deployed during the last week. * The previously announced change of positions of the "Wikidata item" link on all wikis has been rollbacked due to unexpected cache issues. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T66315#5431632] * The limit for rollbacks has been increased from 10 to 100 rollbacks per minute. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T228708] * The advanced version of the edit review pages (Recent Changes, Watchlist, and Related Changes) now include two new filters. These filters are for "All contents" and "All discussions". They will filter the view to just those namespaces. However the "All discussions" filter does not include pseudo talk pages, like discussions that are in the ''Project:'' or ''Wikipedia:'' namespaces. But it will include changes happening on ''Project talk:'' or the ''Wikipedia talk:''. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T201520] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.34/wmf.21|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2019-09-03|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2019-09-04|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2019-09-05|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.34/Roadmap|calendar]]). * When you log in, the software checks your password to see if it follows the [[Special:MyLanguage/Password policy|Password policy]]. From this week, it will also complain if your password is one of the most common passwords in the world. If your password is not strong enough, please consider to [[Special:PasswordReset|change your password]] for a [[w:en:Password strength|stronger password]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T151425] '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190904T15 {{#time:j xg|2019-09-04|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}} at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * You will be able to read but not to edit Wikidata for up to 30 minutes on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190910T05 September 10 at 05:00 (UTC)]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T230788] * You will be able to read but not to edit some mid-sized wikis for up to 30 minutes [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190917T05 September 17 at 05:00 (UTC)]. You can [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wikimedia/operations-mediawiki-config/master/dblists/s2.dblist see which wikis]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T230788] * You will be able to read but not to edit some mid-sized wikis for up to 30 minutes [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190924T05 September 24 at 05:00 (UTC)]. You can [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wikimedia/operations-mediawiki-config/master/dblists/s3.dblist see which wikis]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T230788] * You will be able to read but not to edit Wikimedia Commons for up to 30 minutes on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190926T05 September 26 at 05:00 (UTC)]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T230788] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/36|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W36"/> 09:08, 4 September 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=19350205 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/40|Tech News: 2019-40]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W40"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/40|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * Last week's Tech News had delivery problems. Some did not get the newsletter. Some got it more than one time. The problem where some pages got it three times should now be fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T232379] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.34/wmf.25|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2019-10-01|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2019-10-02|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2019-10-03|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.34/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20191002T15 {{#time:j xg|2019-10-02|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}} at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * The Wikimedia Foundation [[m:Community Tech|Community Tech team]] is working on a [[:m:Community Tech/Watchlist Expiry|watchlist expiry feature]]. This means you can put things on your watchlist for a period of time instead of forever. They are looking for [[:m:Community Tech/Watchlist Expiry#Open Questions|feedback on the questions they have]]. * [[Special:Contributions|Special:Contributions]] will get the standard [[mw:UX standardization|OOUI look]]. This makes it easier to use on mobile and makes it look like other <code>Special:</code> pages. There is a [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/User:Jdlrobson/compactspecialcontributions.css script] you can use to make the form smaller if you want to. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T117736] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/40|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W40"/> 16:51, 30 September 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_target_list_8&oldid=19425409 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/41|Tech News: 2019-41]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W41"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/41|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The [[mw:Extension:AbuseFilter|abuse filter function]] now has a faster [[w:en:Parsing|parser]]. This is to shorten the waiting time when you save an edit. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T156095] '''Problems''' * There is a problem in the visual editor when you copy or delete text with footnotes. It will be fixed soon. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T234489] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/wmf.1|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 8 October. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 9 October. It will be on all wikis from 10 October ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20191009T15 9 October at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * The [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2020|Community Wishlist Survey]] has a new format. It will focus on wikis that typically get less support. It will probably go back to the normal format next year. It is not decided exactly how it will work this year. You can [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist Survey 2020|leave feedback]]. * The [[:w:en:URL|URL]] of the Wikimedia wiki main pages could be changed. This is because the current URLs cause several problems. For example <code>https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:Main_Page</code> would be <code>https://www.wikidata.org/</code> instead. You can [[phab:T120085|tell the developers]] if this would cause problems for your wiki. * There is a new [[mw:Technical Community Newsletter/2019/October|technical community newsletter]]. You can read more about the work of Wikimedia's technical community. [[mw:Technical Community Newsletter/Subscribe|Subscribe]] to get the information in the future. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] [[w:en:Outreachy|Outreachy]] is an internship program for groups who are underrepresented in free and open-source software. There are seven Wikimedia projects about coding, documentation and quality assurance in the next round. Persons who fit the criteria [https://www.outreachy.org/apply/project-selection/#wikimedia can apply]. The last day to apply is 5 November. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/41|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W41"/> 15:36, 7 October 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_target_list_8&oldid=19425409 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/42|Tech News: 2019-42]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W42"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/42|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * You can now use [[:mw: Reading/Web/Advanced mobile contributions |more advanced editing tools]] on the mobile web. You can turn them on and off in your preferences in the mobile version. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T233612] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/wmf.2|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 15 October. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 16 October. It will be on all wikis from 17 October ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.34/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20191016T15 16 October at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * [[w:en:Internet Explorer|Internet Explorer]] 6 and 7 are no longer [[:mw:Compatibility|supported]]. This means the browsers might start looking a bit weird. They will not get security support. You [[:wikitech:HTTPS/Browser Recommendations|can't read]] Wikimedia wikis in Internet Explorer on Windows XP or Windows versions that are older than Windows XP. This is because almost no one uses the browsers anymore. Supporting them made the wikis less secure for everyone else. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T232563] * In the future section headings might have a share link. This is to make it easier to link to the section. You can [[phab:T18691|read more and discuss]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/42|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W42"/> 23:55, 14 October 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_target_list_8&oldid=19459969 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/43|Tech News: 2019-43]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W43"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/43|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|'''''[[$technews|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[$ambassadors|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[$bot|bot]] • [[$contribute|Contribute]] • [[$translate|Translate]] • [[$tech|Get help]] • [[$talk|Give feedback]] • [[$list|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'']] The [[w:en:Application programming interface|API]] sandbox and help pages now show more clearly when API modules are marked as <code>internal</code>. API modules marked as internal were probably internal before. It was easier to miss. You should look for non-internal alternatives. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T185508] '''Problems''' * There is a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Translate|translation tool]] we use on wikis with more than one language. For a few days it did not create pages for new languages when someone translated a page. The languages did not show in the language bar. This has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T235027] * The history and diffs can show wrong content. This is because of a cache problem. It will soon be fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T235188] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/wmf.3|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 22 October. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 23 October. It will be on all wikis from 24 October ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.34/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/ReferencePreviews|Reference Previews]] will be a beta feature on [[phab:T235083|all Wikipedias and some Wikivoyages]]. It shows you a preview of the footnote when you hover over or click on the number. It has been a beta feature on German and Arabic Wikipedia since April. '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20191023T15 23 October]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/43|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W43"/> 14:44, 21 October 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Trizek_(WMF)/sandbox/temp_MassMessage_list&oldid=19479668 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/44|Tech News: 2019-44]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W44"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/44|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * You can post proposals for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2020|Community Wishlist Survey]]. The survey decides what the [[m:Community Tech|Community Tech team]] will work on. You can post proposals until 11 November. You can vote on proposals from 20 November to 2 December. This year the wishlist will focus on Wikibooks, Wiktionary, Wikiquote, Wikisource, Wikiversity, Wikispecies, Wikivoyage and Wikinews. You can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2020#newformat|read more]] about the format for this year. * Mobile users now have a specific design for their Watchlist. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T225127][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T235414] * You can share feedback and ideas on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|Desktop Improvements]] project. The goal is to make the interface easier to use for readers and editors without removing any functionality. The Foundation's Readers Web team will work on this over the next two years. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OOUI|OOUI]] now allows using <code>px</code> (pixels) instead of <code>em</code> ([[:w:en:Em (typography)|em]]) for some specific cases. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/design/2019-October/002646.html][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T220671] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/wmf.4|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2019-10-29|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2019-10-30|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2019-10-31|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20191030T15 {{#time:j xg|2019-10-30|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}} at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * There will be no software changes from 19 December to 2 January. The first MediaWiki version next year will come the week of 6 January. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2019-October/092682.html] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] Gadgets and user scripts can access variables about the current page in JavaScript. In 2015, this information was moved from global variables named <code dir=ltr>wg*</code> to <code style="white-space:nowrap;">mw.config</code>. The old global variables will be removed later this year. You can [[Phab:T72470|know more about it and tell the developers]] if you want to try this out on your wiki first. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/44|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W44"/> 16:26, 28 October 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_target_list_8&oldid=19459969 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/45|Tech News: 2019-45]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W45"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/45|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * At [[Special:Contributions|Special:Contributions]] you could see up to 5000 edits at the same time if you edited the [[:w:en:URL|URL]]. This has been lowered to 500. This is to stop requests which break the sites. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T234450] '''Changes later this week''' * <code>MediaWiki:ipb-default-expiry</code> can set the default length to block a user for your wiki. You will be able to use <code>MediaWiki:ipb-default-expiry-ip</code> to set a different default block length for IP editors. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T219126] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/wmf.5|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 5 November. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 6 November. It will be on all wikis from 7 November ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20191106T15 6 November at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/45|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W45"/> 16:48, 4 November 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_target_list_8&oldid=19523133 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/46|Tech News: 2019-46]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W46"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/46|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [https://mediawiki2latex-large.wmflabs.org MediaWiki2LaTeX] can put different pages from a Wikimedia wiki into a [[:w:en:PDF|PDF]]. It can now make a PDF with around 5000 pages. Previously this was 800 pages. '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20191113T16 13 November at 16:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * Wikimedia will take part in [[:w:en:Google Code-in|Google Code-in]]. This is for young students who want to help with open source software. You can [[:mw:Google Code-in/2019|read more]]. Experienced technical Wikimedians can mentor students. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/46|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W46"/> 22:04, 11 November 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_target_list_8&oldid=19523133 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/47|Tech News: 2019-47]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W47"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/47|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * You will be able to read but not to edit some wikis for up to 30 minutes [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20191126T06 on 26 November at 06:00 (UTC)]. You can [[phab:T238046|see which wikis]]. It will probably last much shorter than 30 minutes. This will also affect the <code>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CentralAuth|centralauth]]</code> database. This could for example affect changing passwords, logging in to new wikis, changing emails or [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CentralAuth/Global rename|global renames]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T238046] '''Changes later this week''' * You can soon vote on proposals for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2020|Community Wishlist Survey]]. The survey decides what the [[m:Community Tech|Community Tech team]] will work on. You can vote on proposals from 20 November to 2 December. This year the wishlist will focus on Wikibooks, Wiktionary, Wikiquote, Wikisource, Wikiversity, Wikispecies, Wikivoyage and Wikinews. You can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2020#newformat|read more]] about the format for this year. * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20191120T16 20 November at 16:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/47|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W47"/> 20:17, 18 November 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_target_list_8&oldid=19523133 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/48|Tech News: 2019-48]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W48"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/48|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * The mobile beta mode will be disabled to have less maintenance. The developers will focus on the [[mw:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|desktop improvements]] project. You can turn on [[mw:Reading/Web/Advanced mobile contributions|advanced mobile contributions mode]] if you want to see the categories. You could also jump back to the top. This can instead be done with a [[w:en:User:Jdlrobson/scripts/backtotop.js|gadget or user script]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T237290] * [[:mw:Parsoid|Parsoid]] is software we use for the visual editor, content translation, Flow and the Android app. This has been rewritten. It will come to the wikis gradually over the next two weeks. It has been tested, but there could be some diffs or previews that don't look right. If you see any you can [[phab:T229015|report them]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T229015] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/wmf.8|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 26 November. It will be on the other wikis next week ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/Roadmap|calendar]]). This is because of holidays. '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20191127T16 27 November at 16:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * You will switch between the article and the talk page in a new way in the mobile view in the future. It will use tabs. This is more like in the desktop view. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T230695] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/48|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W48"/> 16:52, 25 November 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_target_list_8&oldid=19523133 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/49|Tech News: 2019-49]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W49"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/49|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Mix'n'match|Mix'n'match]] is a tool to connect Wikidata items to information in other databases. It can be used to find subjects that are missing in a Wikipedia. It now has more than 3000 datasets. Before it was closer to 2000. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/wmf.8|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 3 December. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 4 December. It will be on all wikis from 5 December ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20191204T16 4 December at 16:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] There will be a new schema for [https://dumps.wikimedia.org/ XML dumps]. Scripts and apps that use them will need to be updated. If they are not updated they will no longer work. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T238972] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The <code><nowiki>{{REVISIONID}}</nowiki></code> magic word will no longer work in the content namespaces. This is for performance reasons. When you preview a page it returns <code>""</code> (empty string). When you read a page it returns <code>"-"</code> (dash). In the future this will also affect other namespaces. The next ones are file and category namespaces. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T235957] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/49|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W49"/> 16:59, 2 December 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_target_list_8&oldid=19605481 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/50|Tech News: 2019-50]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W50"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/50|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Wikimedia projects use [https://translatewiki.net/ Translatewiki] to translate the wiki interface. You can now use [https://tools.wmflabs.org/watch-translations/ WatchTranslations] to watch projects there. You would get an email if there are missing translations to your language. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T238216] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] There is a new dataset you can use. It shows the number of editors per country per month for a number of countries. You can [[:wikitech:Analytics/Data Lake/Edits/Geoeditors/Public|read the documentation]] and [https://dumps.wikimedia.org/other/geoeditors/readme.html download the dataset]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/wmf.10|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 10 December. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 11 December. It will be on all wikis from 12 December ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20191211T16 11 December at 16:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * You can test a new [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Book referencing|reference tool]]. It makes it possible to reference different parts of a source without repeating all information. You can test it on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Beta Cluster|beta cluster]]. You can see [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Draft:Cut_the_Crap#cite_ref-3 an example article]. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Topic:Vc9k7gf9kvqxkkva] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/50|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W50"/> 16:39, 9 December 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_target_list_8&oldid=19605481 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/51|Tech News: 2019-51]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W51"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/51|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Linter|Linter extension]] helps you find technical errors in articles. It did not show new changes last week. This was because of an [[:w:en:Application programming interface|API]] problem. It is now working again. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T240057] * [[Special:Watchlist|Special:Watchlist]] can show the wrong information again. It does not always show which edits are read and which are unread. This is because of a database problem. The developers are working on solving the problem. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T218511] '''Changes later this week''' * You can get email notifications. You can get them immediately, a summary every day or a summary once every week. If you choose a summary you can soon choose not to get notifications you have already marked as read on the wiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T169386] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/wmf.11|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 17 December. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 18 December. It will be on all wikis from 19 December ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20191218T16 18 December at 16:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community health initiative/Partial blocks|partial blocks]] feature is now stable. It will come to most wikis on 6 January. Your wiki can ask to wait. Contact [[User talk:NKohli (WMF)|NKohli (WMF)]] if you don't want it now. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T218626] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/51|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W51"/> 00:18, 17 December 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_target_list_8&oldid=19643564 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/52|Tech News: 2019-52]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W52"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/52|Translations]] are available. '''Tech News''' * Because of the [[w:en:Christmas and holiday season|holidays]] the next issue of Tech News will be sent out on 6 January 2020. '''Recent changes''' * All mobile site users now have new features. Features include: tabs for page/discussion; an expanded user-menu; direct access to history pages. These features were initially part of the "[[mw:special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Advanced mobile contributions|advanced mode]]". '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week or next week. '''Future changes''' * You can use <code>setlang</code> in the [[:w:en:URL|URL]] to change the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:UniversalLanguageSelector|user interface language]]. This will no longer happen automatically. When you open the link you will be asked to confirm the language change. This will not happen if [[:w:en:Javascript|Javascript]] is not working in your browser. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T63115] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/52|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W52"/> 20:08, 23 December 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_target_list_8&oldid=19658611 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/02|Tech News: 2020-02]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W02"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/02|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * When trying to move a page, if the target title already exists then a warning message is shown. The warning message will now include a link to the target title. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T184357] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/wmf.14|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 7 January. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 8 January. It will be on all wikis from 9 January ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/02|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W02"/> 21:23, 6 January 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_target_list_8&oldid=19686133 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/03|Tech News: 2020-03]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W03"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/03|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * You can no longer read Wikimedia wikis if your browser use very old [[:w:en:Transport Layer Security|TLS]]. This is because it is a security problem for everyone. It can lead to [[:w:en:Downgrade attack|downgrade attacks]]. Since 9 December you just see a warning. Soon the browser will not connect to the wikis at all. Most are users on Android systems older than 4.4. You can read the [[:wikitech:HTTPS/Browser Recommendations|browser recommendations]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T238038] * [[Special:LinkSearch|Special:LinkSearch]] has been moved from the "{{int:specialpages-group-redirects}}" section on [[Special:SpecialPages|Special:SpecialPages]] to the "{{int:specialpages-group-pages}}" section. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T242146] '''Changes later this week''' *[[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] Wikis can protect pages so that only some users can edit them. The standard protection levels are {{int:protect-level-autoconfirmed}} and {{int:Protect-level-sysop}}. If your wiki use more protection levels the technical name might be renamed for standardisation. This doesn't affect what users see. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T230103] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/wmf.15|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 14 January. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 15 January. It will be on all wikis from 16 January ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * [[:wikitech:Nova Resource:Catgraph/Deepcat|Deepcat]] and [[:wikitech:Nova Resource:Catgraph|Catgraph]] will stop working. This will happen at the end of January. This is because you can now use the normal search function instead. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2020-January/092936.html] * You can use <code><nowiki><ref follow="…"></nowiki></code> to merge footnotes that follow each other. It is meant to be used for digitised books on Wikisource. If the order of the footnotes is wrong no error was shown but the bad <nowiki><ref></nowiki> was shown outside the <nowiki><references /></nowiki> list. This will change and you will see an error message instead. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T240858] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/03|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W03"/> [[সদস্য:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[সদস্য বাৰ্তা:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 18:41, 13 January 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_target_list_8&oldid=19686133 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/04|Tech News: 2020-04]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W04"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/04|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/wmf.16|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 21 January. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 22 January. It will be on all wikis from 23 January ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * There is a [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/Improving tools|new suggestion]] for what to show when someone edits without registering an account. This is to give unregistered editors better privacy and make some anti-vandalism work go faster. You can [[:m:Talk:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/Improving tools|give feedback]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Pywikibot|Pywikibot]] is a Python [[:w:en:Library (computing)|library]] to automate work on wikis. It will no longer support [[:w:en:Python (programming language)|Python 2]]. Use the <code>python2</code> tag if you need to continue running Python 2 scripts. The Pywikibot team strongly recommends to migrate to Python 3. You can [[:phab:T242120|get help]] to do so. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/pywikibot/2020-January/009976.html] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The weekly MediaWiki branch cut will soon become automated. The timing for this cut may change. You can discuss [[phab:T242446|in Phabricator]] if this affects you. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2020-January/092939.html] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Technical Community Newsletter/2020/January|read about]] coming technical events and mentoring interns. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/04|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W04"/> 19:42, 20 January 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_target_list_8&oldid=19732098 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/05|Tech News: 2020-05]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W05"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/05|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * Some mobile diffs have problems. A couple of buttons are not shown. Structured data diffs on Commons are confusing. The developers are working on fixing it. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T242310][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T243235] * Administrators on wikis that use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured Discussions|Structured Discussions]] can't move discussion pages. This is a bug. The developers are working on fixing it. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T231783] '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''Future changes''' * There is JavaScript code on Special:Undelete for administrators that makes it possible to automatically select multiple checkboxes by holding the "Shift" key and clicking. This code is also loaded by accident on other special pages and on articles. This makes pages slower to load. This will be fixed. If you know of other special pages where this is useful please tell the developers at [[phab:T232688]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/05|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W05"/> 18:53, 27 January 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_target_list_8&oldid=19751689 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/06|Tech News: 2020-06]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W06"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/06|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/wmf.18|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 4 February. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 5 February. It will be on all wikis from 6 February ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/06|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W06"/> 20:05, 3 February 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_target_list_8&oldid=19771613 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/07|Tech News: 2020-07]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W07"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/07|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * There is a new version of the [[:c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Mobile app|Wikimedia Commons app]] for Android. It should fix the failed uploads problem. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2020-February/093042.html] '''Problems''' * There was a problem with the new MediaWiki version last week. It deleted some messages by accident. The new version was late because it was stopped to fix things. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T233866] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Main page|MediaWiki action API]] is used by various tools like bots and gadgets. Some error codes will change. Some parameter values that do not follow the standard will no longer work. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2020-February/093048.html] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/wmf.19|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 11 February. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 12 February. It will be on all wikis from 13 February ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/07|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W07"/> 19:12, 10 February 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_target_list_8&oldid=19795497 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/08|Tech News: 2020-08]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W08"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/08|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Pages on Wikidata and Commons now load faster. You can read more about [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Performance Team/Page load performance|page load performance]]. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikidata/2020-February/013827.html][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/ResourceLoader/Developing_with_ResourceLoader] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/wmf.20|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 18 February. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 19 February. It will be on all wikis from 20 February ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/08|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W08"/> 16:18, 17 February 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_target_list_8&oldid=19816101 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/09|Tech News: 2020-09]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W09"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/09|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/wmf.21|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 25 February. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 26 February. It will be on all wikis from 27 February ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * There will be a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/replying|reply button]] after each post on a talk page if you want one. This will soon be a beta feature on the Arabic, French, Dutch and Hungarian Wikipedias. You will have to turn it on if you want to use it. It will come to more wikis later. You can [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Talk:Cats test the reply button]. It was briefly shown earlier than planned by mistake on the four first wikis last week. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/09|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W09"/> 21:00, 24 February 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_target_list_8&oldid=19816101 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/10|Tech News: 2020-10]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W10"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/10|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * Readers who were not logged in briefly saw the interface in a language decided by their browser. It should normally be in the language of the wiki. This happened for a short period of time last week. This was because of a bug. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T246071] '''Changes later this week''' * If you forget your password you can ask for a new one to be sent to your email address. You need to know your email address or your username. You will now be able to choose that you need to enter both your email address and your username. This will be a preference. This is to get fewer password reset emails someone else asked for. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Community_Tech/Password_Reset_Update] * When you asked for a new password you could see if the username didn't exist on [[Special:PasswordReset|Special:PasswordReset]]. Now the page will show the username you entered and tell you an email has been sent if the username exists. This is for better security. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Community_Tech/Password_Reset_Update] * On [[Special:WhatLinksHere|Special:WhatLinksHere]] you can see what other pages link to a page. You can see if the link is from a redirect. You can now see which section the redirect links to. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T103281] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/wmf.22|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2020-03-03|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2020-03-04|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2020-03-05|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * The developers are working on a [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Edit Conflicts#Edit conflicts on talk pages|new interface]] to solve edit conflicts on talk pages. You can [[mw:Help talk:Two Column Edit Conflict View|give feedback]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T230231] * There is a [[:m:Abuse filter manager/vote|vote]] on the creation of a new user group called [[:m:Abuse filter manager|abuse filter manager]]. The vote runs from March 1 to March 31 on Meta. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] <code>wgMFSpecialCaseMainPage</code> was used for the mobile site. It was deprecated in 2017. It will stop working in April. Wikis should see if they use it. If they do they should fix it. You can [[phab:T246401|read more and ask for help]]. This affects 183 wikis. There is a [[phab:T246401|list]]. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Mobile_Gateway/Mobile_homepage_formatting#MFSpecialCaseMainPage] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/10|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W10"/> 00:36, 3 March 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_target_list_8&oldid=19816101 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/11|Tech News: 2020-11]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W11"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/11|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * There is a new search word called <code>articletopic</code>. You can use it to search for articles on a specific topic. It is available on the Arabic, Czech, English and Vietnamese Wikipedias. It will come to more Wikipedias soon. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T240559][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/ORES/Articletopic][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Search/articletopic] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/wmf.23|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 10 March. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 11 March. It will be on all wikis from 12 March ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * There is a plan for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/New requirements for user signatures|new requirements for user signatures]]. You can [[mw:Talk:New requirements for user signatures|give feedback]]. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps|Wikipedia Android app]] will do [[:mw:Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/AppEditorTasks#Push Notifications for editors|push notifications]] if users want them. This could help you see for example when someone wrote on your talk page or your edit was reverted. This will come later this year. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T146032] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/11|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W11"/> 17:15, 9 March 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_target_list_8&oldid=19881740 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/12|Tech News: 2020-12]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W12"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/12|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] There is a new [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Main page|API]] module for changing the content model of existing pages. Use <code>action=changecontentmodel</code> to specify the new model. You can read the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:ChangeContentModel|documentation on mediawiki.org]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T107174] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/wmf.24|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 17 March. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 18 March. It will be on all wikis from 19 March ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * If you edit a page at the same time as someone else you can get an edit conflict. There is [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Edit Conflicts#Solution: Two Column Edit Conflict View|a new two-column interface]] to make it easier to solve this. It will soon be active by default on the German, Arabic, and Farsi Wikipedias. It will be on by default on more wikis within the next months. You will be able to opt out of the new interface. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T139601][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T244863] * You can see [[:mw:Talk pages project/Updates#12 March 2020|a proposed design]] for replying to comments in an easier way. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/12|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W12"/> 21:13, 16 March 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_target_list_8&oldid=19899639 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/13|Tech News: 2020-13]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W13"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/13|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * Some development will be slower than planned. This is because of the [[:w:2019–20 coronavirus pandemic|current pandemic]]. You can see [[:wikitech:Deployments/Covid-19|the new deployment guidelines]]. This is to avoid risks when some persons could be unavailable. * There was a problem when adding interwiki links. The tool you use to add interwiki links could suggest the wrong project to link to. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T247712][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T247562] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/wmf.25|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 24 March. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 25 March. It will be on all wikis from 26 March ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * There is [[mw:Growth|a project]] to make editing easier for newcomers. The developers are trying to understand what initiatives different Wikipedias have to welcome newcomers. They also want to know which templates are often used for maintenance activities. You can help this project by [[mw:Growth/March 2020 inventory|checking if your wiki's pages are listed on Wikidata]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/13|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W13"/> 17:08, 23 March 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_target_list_8&oldid=19899639 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/14|Tech News: 2020-14]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W14"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/14|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The beta version of the [[:mw:Wikimedia Apps|Wikipedia app]] for Android can now help users [[:mw:Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/AppEditorTasks#Suggested Edits 4.0 - Tag Commons images to improve search|add tags]] on Commons. These tags are called [[c:Commons:Depicts|depicts]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T239690] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/wmf.26|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 31 March. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 1 April. It will be on all wikis from 2 April ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * The video player will change to be simpler and more modern. The current beta feature will become the video player for everyone. The old player will be removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T248418] * There is a project to make templates easier to use. The next few weeks the developers will present ideas on the [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Templates|project page]]. You can watch that page if you are interested in giving feedback. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2020-March/093240.html] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/14|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W14"/> 17:26, 30 March 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_target_list_8&oldid=19939500 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/15|Tech News: 2020-15]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W15"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/15|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * There was a problem with user pages not being shown properly on desktop. This was because of a bug. It will soon be fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T248141] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/wmf.27|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 7 April. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 8 April. It will be on all wikis from 9 April ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * MediaWiki will use a newer version of [[:w:en:Unicode|Unicode]]. Some characters that did not have an upper case equivalent before do now. Titles beginning with one of these characters will be moved. A list of these titles can be seen [[phab:P10817|on Phabricator]]. The titles will be renamed by the user <code>Maintenance script</code>. This will start on 13 April 2020. You can rename them before this if you wish and the new title can be different from the one the script would rename it to. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T219279] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/15|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W15"/> 19:03, 6 April 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_target_list_8&oldid=19961136 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/16|Tech News: 2020-16]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W16"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/16|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * You can now use the <code>[[:mw:Help:CirrusSearch#Articletopic|articletopic]]</code> search word on all Wikipedias. It searches articles by topic. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T240559] * You can see wiki tools in the new [https://tools.wmflabs.org/tools-gallery/ Tools Gallery]. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Technical_Community_Newsletter/2020/April] * You can see edits from the [[:wikitech:Help:Cloud Services Introduction|Wikimedia Cloud Services]] in a new [https://wmcs-edits.wmflabs.org/#wmcs-edits dashboard]. * When you use filters on a history page you sometimes don't see any edits. There is a text explaining this now. Before it was just empty. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T227578] * There is a new [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/ Wikimedia Technical Blog]. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_technical_blog_editorial_guidelines] '''Problems''' * There was a problem with the Wikidata database last week. Some wikis went down for twenty minutes. Wikidata and other projects showed error messages. Interwiki links were not shown, some tools did not work and other problems. Some of this was fixed quickly. The developers are working on fixing the rest. [https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Wikidata:Project_chat&oldid=1153486952#Update_about_the_database_breakage][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incident_documentation/20200407-Wikidata%27s_wb_items_per_site_table_dropped][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T249565] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/wmf.28|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from April 14. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from April 15. It will be on all wikis from April 16 ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * Some graphs have not worked on mobile. This will soon be fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T133085] * The article tab on talk pages of redirects links to the target of the redirect. It could link to the redirect page itself instead. You can [[phab:T5324|leave feedback on this]]. * For pages using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:SyntaxHighlight|syntax highlighting]], the use of the deprecated <code><nowiki><source></nowiki></code> tag, as well as the use of the deprecated <code>enclose</code> parameter, will add tracking categories. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/16|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W16"/> 15:31, 13 April 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_target_list_8&oldid=19979862 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/17|Tech News: 2020-17]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W17"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/17|Translations]] are available. '''Tech News''' * The next issue of Tech News will be sent out on 4 May 2020. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The [[m:Small wiki toolkits|small wiki toolkits]] is to help smaller wikis that need technical skills. They can learn and share technical skills. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2020-April/093296.html] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] Over-qualified CSS selectors in Wikimedia skins have been removed. <code>div#content</code> is now <code>.mw-body</code>. <code>div.portal</code> is now <code>.portal</code>. <code>div#footer</code> is now <code>#footer</code>. This is so the skins can use [[:w:en:HTML5|HTML5]] elements. If your gadgets or user styles used them you will have to update them. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T248137] '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''Future changes''' * Some things on the wikis might look weird or not work in [[:w:en:Internet Explorer 8|Internet Explorer 8]] in the future. Internet Explorer 8 was replaced in 2011. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T248061] * The font in the diffs will change. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T250393] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/wmf.30|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 28 April next week. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 29 April next week. It will be on all wikis from 30 April next week ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/17|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W17"/> 18:46, 20 April 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_target_list_8&oldid=20001327 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/19|Tech News: 2020-19]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W19"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/19|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * [[phab:T251153|Some wikis]] will be on read-only for a few minutes on 5 May. This will happen around [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20200505T05 05:00 UTC]. This is for database maintenance. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T251153] * [[phab:T251157|Some wikis]] will be on read-only for a few minutes on 7 May. This will also affect [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CentralAuth|CentralAuth]]. This can for example affect global renames, password changes, changing or confirming your email address and logging in to new wikis. This will happen around [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20200507T05 05:00 UTC]. This is for database maintenance. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T251157] '''Changes later this week''' * You can get a notification when someone links to a page you created. You can soon turn these notifications off for individual pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T46787] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/wmf.31|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 5 May. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 6 May. It will be on all wikis from 7 May ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/19|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W19"/> 17:00, 4 May 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_target_list_8&oldid=20041699 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/20|Tech News: 2020-20]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W20"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/20|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Everyone can now import photos from [[w:en:Flickr|Flickr]] to Commons with the [[c:Special:UploadWizard|UploadWizard]]. Before this only autopatrollers on Commons could import photos from Flickr. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T90004] '''Problems''' * [[phab:T251502|Commons]] will be on read-only for a few minutes on 12 May. This will happen around [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20200512T05 05:00 UTC]. This is for database maintenance. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T251502] * [[phab:T251984|Several wikis including Wikidata]] will be on read-only for a few minutes on 19 May. This will happen around [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20200519T05 05:00 UTC]. English Wikipedia will be on read-only for a few minutes on 21 May [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20200521T05 05:00 UTC]. This is for database maintenance. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T251984][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T251985] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/wmf.32|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 12 May. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 13 May. It will be on all wikis from 14 May ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] JavaScript scripts and gadgets can no longer check multiple keys at once via <code>mw.config.exists()</code> or <code>mw.user.tokens.exists()</code>. You can use <code>exists()</code> or <code>get()</code> to check one at a time instead. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T251855] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/20|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W20"/> 20:42, 11 May 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_target_list_8&oldid=20078394 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/21|Tech News: 2020-21]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W21"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/21|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * If you forget your password you can ask for a new one to be sent to your email address. You need to know your email address or your username. You can choose that you need to enter both your email address and your username. This is a preference. This is to get fewer password reset emails someone else asked for. This is now available on all Wikimedia wikis. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Community_Tech/Password_Reset_Update#May_11,_2020][https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikimedia-l/2020-May/094804.html] '''Problems''' * There is a bug that creates problems for iPhone users with [[:w:en:IOS 13|iOS 13]] and [[w:en:Safari (web browser)|Safari]]. If you use an iPhone to read or edit Wikipedia and see bugs on the mobile site you can [[mw:Skin talk:Minerva Neue|report them]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T252223] * [[phab:T251984|Several wikis including Wikidata]] will be on read-only for a few minutes on 19 May. This will happen around [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20200519T05 05:00 UTC]. English Wikipedia will be on read-only for a few minutes on 21 May [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20200521T05 05:00 UTC]. This is for database maintenance. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T251984][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T251985] '''Changes later this week''' * The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps|Wikipedia app]] for Android can let users [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/AppEditorTasks#Suggested Edits 4.0 - Tag Commons images to improve search (to be released May 2020)|add]] [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Depicts|depicts]] on Commons. The beta version used [[:c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Structured data/Computer-aided tagging|computer-aided tagging]]. This was removed to get more specific depicts. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Android/AppEditorTasks#Suggested_Edits_4.0_-_Tag_Commons_images_to_improve_search_(to_be_released_May_2020)] * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''Future changes''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|Graphs]] will be [[:w:en:Rendering (computer graphics)|rendered]] in the reader's browser. This will use [[w:en:JavaScript|Javascript]]. Graphs will hopefully work better for everyone who uses Javascript. It will not work for users who don't use Javascript. This will not affect diagrams in image files. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T236892] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] Some CSS for the skins has been simplified. This affects <code>div#p-personal</code>, <code>div#p-navigation</code>, <code>div#p-interaction</code>, <code>div#p-tb</code>, <code>div#p-lang</code>, <code>div#p-namespaces</code>, <code>div#p-variants</code> and <code>div#footer</code>. They will have to remove <code>div</code>. You will have to update your gadgets, scripts or user styles. This is so we can use [[:w:en:HTML5|HTML5]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T252467] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] Some CSS for [[mw:Skin:Vector|the Vector skin]] has been changed. This affects <code>#p-variants</code>, <code>#p-namespaces</code>, <code>#p-personal</code>, <code>#p-views</code> and <code>#p-cactions</code>. They can no longer use <code>> ul</code>. You might need to update your gadgets, scripts or user styles. [[phab:T252447|See how]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/21|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W21"/> 17:20, 18 May 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_target_list_8&oldid=20078394 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/22|Tech News: 2020-22]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W22"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/22|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * The visual editor will now work in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Modern|Modern skin]]. The changes that needed to happen for this to work could cause problems for some scripts or gadgets. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T177243] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/wmf.34|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from May 26. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from May 27. It will be on all wikis from May 28 ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/22|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W22"/> 14:18, 25 May 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_target_list_8&oldid=20114992 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/23|Tech News: 2020-23]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W23"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/23|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * There is a new beta version of the [[:c:Commons:Mobile app|Wikimedia Commons app]] for Android. It has a new zoom function when you look at images. It can also suggest places when you upload geotagged photos. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2020-May/093431.html] '''Problems''' * There was a problem with the Commons database on 27 May. Commons could not be edited for eight minutes. Because of this problem the database was moved. This caused another short read-only time on 29 May. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incident_documentation/20200528-s4_(commonswiki)_on_read-only_for_8_minutes][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T253808][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T253825] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Vector|Vector skin]] had a problem where you couldn't add links to the article in other languages. You couldn't see the section if there were no links to other languages already. It also removed [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation|content translation]] links and links to language settings. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T252800] '''Changes later this week''' * You can get a notification when someone links to a page you created. You can turn these notifications off for individual pages. You can soon turn them off also in the notifications you get. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T46787] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/wmf.35|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 2 June. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 3 June. It will be on all wikis from 4 June ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/23|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W23"/> 22:32, 1 June 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_target_list_8&oldid=20114992 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/24|Tech News: 2020-24]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W24"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/24|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Some articles have tables that can be sorted in different ways. For example a list of countries can be sorted alphabetically but you can click on the size column to sort them by size. If you clicked on the column a second time it would sort the countries from the bottom to the top instead. A third click will now take you back to the original sorting. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T226697] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Lint_errors/self-closed-tag|Self-closed tags]] now work as in the [[:w:en:HTML5|HTML5]] specifications. This means you should stop using some of them. <code><nowiki><b/></nowiki></code> is an example of a self-closed tag that won't work. <code>area, base, br, col, embed, hr, img, input, keygen, link, meta, param, source, track, wbr</code> can be self-closed. Pages with tags that should not be self-closed have been listed in [[:wikidata:Q25885956|a tracking category]] since 2016. They will be listed in [[Special:LintErrors/self-closed-tag]]. This doesn't affect <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code> or <code><nowiki><ref /></nowiki></code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T134423] * There is a banner called <code>WikidataPageBanner</code>. It is for example used by the Wikivoyages, Wikimedia Russia and the Catalan, Basque, Galician and Turkish Wikipedias. It will now been seen by mobile visitors too. Before this it was only seen on desktop. The wikis should update instructions on <code>MediaWiki:Sitenotice</code> so that editors know to test and style for mobile too. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T254534][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T254295] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can now edit [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|MassMessage]] descriptions through the [[:w:en:Application programming interface|API]]. This is useful for tools and gadgets. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T226929] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/wmf.36|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 9 June. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 10 June. It will be on all wikis from 11 June ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * A temporary fix helped wikis make their main pages more mobile friendly. This was in 2012. It has not been recommended since 2017. It will not work after 13 July. Wikis should use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateStyles|TemplateStyles]] instead. 118 wikis need to fix this. You can [[phab:T254287|read more and see if your wiki is affected]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T254287] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/24|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W24"/> 21:12, 8 June 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_target_list_8&oldid=20156271 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/25|Tech News: 2020-25]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W25"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/25|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] [[m:Toolforge|Toolforge]] hosts several tools created by the Wikimedia community like edit counters or enhanced editors. It is changing the domain from '''tools.wmflabs.org''' to '''toolforge.org'''. The routing scheme is moving from '''tools.wmflabs.org/toolname''' to '''toolname.toolforge.org'''. You can [[:wikitech:News/Toolforge.org|read the details]]. Tools that use OAuth will have to be updated to keep working. You can [[:wikitech:Help:Cloud_ Services Introduction|ask for help]]. '''Problems''' * There is a Wikidata item link in the sidebar on many pages. This disappeared for a couple of days for users who have the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:MonoBook|Monobook]] skin. This was because of a bug. It has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T254485] * Editing, logging in and logging out didn't work properly for a short period of time last week. It was soon fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T255179] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/wmf.37|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 16 June. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 17 June. It will be on all wikis from 18 June ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Pywikibot|Pywikibot]] is a Python [[:w:en:Library (computing)|library]] to automate work on wikis. It will not support [[:w:en:Python (programming language)|Python 2]] after the new version in July. Support for Python 3.4 and MediaWiki below 1.19 will also be dropped. You should migrate to Python 3. You can [[:phab:T242120|ask for help]]. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/pywikibot-announce/2020-June/000015.html] * The selectors <code>.menu</code> and <code>.vectorMenu</code> will no longer work in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Vector|Vector]] skin. This can affect gadgets and user scripts. <code>.menu</code> should be replaced by <code>ul</code>. <code>.vectorMenu</code> should be replaced by <code>.vector-menu</code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T254797] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/25|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W25"/> 21:38, 15 June 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_target_list_8&oldid=20156271 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/26|Tech News: 2020-26]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W26"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/26|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * There are some [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth|new tools]] to make it easier for newcomers to start editing. They are available on [https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/growthexperiments.dblist some wikis]. These wikis had a problem with the visual editor for a short period of time last week. This was because of a bug in the new tools. It was soon fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T255607] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] Some user scripts and gadgets stopped working because of a change to [[:w:en:CSS|CSS]] selectors. <code>.vectorTabs</code> should be replaced with <code>.vector-menu-tabs</code> to fix this. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T255718] '''Changes later this week''' * The developers are working on a [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Edit Conflicts#Edit conflicts on talk pages|new interface]] to solve edit conflicts on talk pages. This will be released on 24 June. You can [[mw:mw:Help talk:Paragraph-based Edit Conflict Interface|give feedback]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T230231] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/wmf.38|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 23 June. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 24 June. It will be on all wikis from 25 June ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * A temporary fix helped wikis make their main pages more mobile friendly. This was in 2012. It has not been recommended since 2017. It will not work after 13 July. Wikis should use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateStyles|TemplateStyles]] instead. 91 wikis still need to fix this. You can [[phab:T254287|read more and see if your wiki is affected]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T254287] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/26|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W26"/> 18:49, 22 June 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_target_list_8&oldid=20156271 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/27|Tech News: 2020-27]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W27"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/27|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * Everyone was logged out. This was because a few users saw the wikis as if they were logged in to someone else's account. The problem should be fixed now. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2020-June/093543.html] * Some readers didn't see new edits to pages. If the page had been recently changed they saw an older version of the page instead. This only affected readers who were logged out. It lasted for ten days. It has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T256444] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/wmf.39|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 30 June. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 1 July. It will be on all wikis from 1 July ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Modern|Modern]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Monobook|Monobook]] skins use the ID <code>searchGoButton</code> for the go button. This is <code>searchButton</code> for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Vector|Vector]]. To have the same ID for all skins it will change to <code>searchButton</code> in Monobook and Modern too. This will affect gadgets and user scripts. It will happen on 23 July. They should be updated to use <code>searchButton</code>. You can [[phab:T255953|read more and see a list of affected scripts]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/27|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W27"/> 16:31, 29 June 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_target_list_8&oldid=20228133 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/28|Tech News: 2020-28]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W28"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/28|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguageExtension:Score|Score]] extension has been disabled for now. This is because of a security issue. It will work again as soon as the security issue has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T257066] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/wmf.40|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 7 July. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 8 July. It will be on all wikis from 9 July ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * Abstract Wikipedia is a new Wikimedia project. It will collect language-independent information that can be easily read in different languages. It builds on Wikidata. The name is preliminary. You can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia|read more]]. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2020-July/093571.html] * The [[mw:Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS|iOS Wikipedia app]] developers are thinking about new experimental tools. If you use an iPhone you can help them by [[mw:Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/2020 survey|answering the survey]]. * Some [[mw:New requirements for user signatures#Outcome|rules for user signatures]] will soon be enforced. [[Special:LintErrors|Lint errors]] and invalid HTML will no longer be allowed in user signatures. Nested substitution will not be allowed. A link to your user page, user talk page or user contributions will be required. You can [https://signatures.toolforge.org/check check if your signature works with the new rules]. This is because the signatures can cause problems for tools or other text on the page. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/28|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W28"/> 20:19, 6 July 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_target_list_8&oldid=20228133 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/29|Tech News: 2020-29]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W29"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/29|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Users can [[mw:Extension:Thanks|thank]] others for their edits. [[mw:Extension:CheckUser|Checkusers]] can now see user data related to that action. This can help identify [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Sock puppetry|sock puppets]] who harass others using thanks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T252226] '''Problems''' * Everyone was logged out a couple of weeks ago to fix a security problem. The problem was not entirely fixed. Because of this everyone was logged out once again last week. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2020-June/093543.html][https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-ambassadors/2020-July/002327.html] '''Changes later this week''' * Wikis that are not for one specific language can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Translate|translate]] pages. Sometimes parts of translations are outdated or missing. Outdated translations are marked with a <span style="background-color:#fdd">pink background</span>. Missing translations will also be marked in the future. This markup can sometimes break things. It can soon be disabled by using <code><translate nowrap></translate></code> on the source page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T256625] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/wmf.41|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 14 July. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 15 July. It will be on all wikis from 16 July ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] Wikimedia code review plans to use [[:w:en:GitLab|GitLab]]. It would be hosted on Wikimedia servers. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2020-July/093577.html][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Technical_Community_Newsletter/2020/July][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Topic:Vpbt50rwxgb2r6qn][https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2020-July/093607.html] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/29|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W29"/> 16:30, 13 July 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_target_list_8&oldid=20228133 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/30|Tech News: 2020-30]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W30"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/30|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * A temporary fix helped wikis make their main pages more mobile friendly. This was in 2012. It has not been recommended since 2017. The mobile main page special casing stopped working 14 July. 60 wikis now have main pages that don't work well on mobile. You can see which ones, how to fix it and how to get help [[phab:T254287|in Phabricator]]. This is the same problem that was reported in Tech News [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/24|2020/24]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/26|2020/26]]. '''Problems''' * There is a problem with the interlanguage links. The interlanguage links are the links that help you find a specific page in a different language. The sorting is broken. The developers are working on a solution. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T257625] * Some users keep getting the notifications for the same event. Some of these are old events. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T257714] * Some users have trouble logging in. This is probably a [[:w:en:HTTP cookie|browser cookie]] problem. The developers are working on understanding the problem. If you have trouble logging in you can see the details [[phab:T258121|on Phabricator]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T258121] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.1|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 21 July. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 22 July. It will be on all wikis from 23 July ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * There is a <code>{{int:printableversion}}</code> link. This will disappear. That is because web browsers today can create a printable version or show how it will look in print anyway. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T167956] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/30|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W30"/> 19:06, 20 July 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_target_list_8&oldid=20228133 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/31|Tech News: 2020-31]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W31"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/31|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[m:Small wiki toolkits/Starter kit|Starter kit]] is now available for wiki communities. This page lists technical resources, tools, and recommendations. These are essential to operate a wiki project. This is mostly useful for smaller wikis where the community has limited experience with this. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2020-July/093633.html] * The first features of the [[mw:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|Desktop Improvements]] project are available for logged-in users on all wikis. In order to use them, uncheck ''{{int:prefs-vector-enable-vector-1-label}}'' in your [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|local]] or [[Special:GlobalPreferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|global]] preferences in section ''{{int:prefs-skin-prefs}}''. More improvements are planned. [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|Feedback is welcome]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] On multiple wikis, a UTCLiveClock gadget is available. For wikis that import the gadget [[:mw:MediaWiki:Gadget-UTCLiveClock.js|directly from mediawiki.org]], end users can now [[mw:MediaWiki_talk:Gadget-UTCLiveClock.js#Time_zones|choose a different timezone to show instead of UTC]]. '''Problems''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The deployment train for MediaWiki has been blocked this week. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2020-July/093640.html][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T257969] * Translation Notification Bot was sending the same message multiple times to every translator. This has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T144780] * Some users were receiving the same notification multiple times. This has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T257766] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.2|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from July 28. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from July 29. It will be on all wikis from JUly 30 ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/31|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W31"/> 13:53, 27 July 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_target_list_8&oldid=20228133 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/32|Tech News: 2020-32]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W32"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/32|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * All queries to the [[mw:Wikidata Query Service|Wikidata Query Service]] failed between 17:50 and 17:59 UTC on Thursday 23 July. Some queries failed during a longer period. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incident_documentation/20200723-wdqs-outage] * Interlanguage links were ordered incorrectly for the past few weeks. This problem was also mentioned in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/30|Tech News two weeks ago]]. The problem is now fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T257625] * There is a problem with the [[Special:GlobalPreferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|global preferences]] for the "{{int:prefs-vector-enable-vector-1-label}}" option. Developers are working on fixing it. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T258493] * A bug in the Wikibase extension had disabled the "move" and "create" types of protection in the main (Gallery) namespace on Wikimedia Commons. New protections could not be added, and existing protections were not enforced, allowing some page moves and page creations that should not have been possible. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T258323] '''Changes later this week''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:TimedMediaHandler/VideoJS Player|video player]] will change to be simpler and more modern. This week, the current beta feature will become the video player for everyone on most non-Wikipedia wikis. The old player will be removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T248418] * Users' <code>global.js</code> and <code>global.css</code> pages will now also be loaded on the mobile site. You can read [[mw:Help:Extension:GlobalCssJs#Per-skin_customization|documentation]] for how to avoid applying styles to the mobile skin. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T138727] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] In the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:MonoBook|MonoBook]] skin, the <code>searchGoButton</code> identifier is now <code>searchButton</code>. This may affect CSS and JS gadgets. Migration instructions can be found in [[phab:T255953|T255953]]. This was previously mentioned in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/27|issue 27]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] Bot operators can use Pywikibot to regularly archive discussions. The behavior when the bot uses <code>counter</code> to prevent large archives was changed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T215247] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.3|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from August 4. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from August 5. It will be on all wikis from August 6 ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/32|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W32"/> 15:43, 3 August 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_target_list_8&oldid=20336426 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/33|Tech News: 2020-33]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W33"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/33|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Move_files_to_Commons|FileImporter and FileExporter]] became standard features on all Wikis during the first week of August. They help you transfer files from local wikis to Wikimedia Commons with the original file information and history intact. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T140462] '''Problems''' * The mobile skin displays a message at the bottom of the page about who edited last. This message showed raw wikitext. This has now been fixed. Some messages in [[mw:Structured Discussions|Structured Discussions]] and [[mw:Content translation|content translation]] may still appear as raw wikitext. Developers are working on it. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259565] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.4|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from August 11. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from August 12. It will be on all wikis from August 13 ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on September 1. This is planned between 13:30 and 15:30 UTC. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T243314][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T244808] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/33|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W33"/> 16:06, 10 August 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_target_list_8&oldid=20353642 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/34|Tech News: 2020-34]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W34"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/34|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * If you revert an edit using the undo link your edit is marked with an <code>undo</code> tag. This will now only happen if you don't change anything in the edit window before publishing the undo. This is to keep users from marking edits as undos when they actually do something else. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259014] * The new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OOUI|OOUI version]] will not work with [[:w:en:Internet Explorer 8|Internet Explorer 8]]. This means the wikis will look strange and not work well in Internet Explorer 8. This was reported in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/17|Tech/News/2020/17]]. This is because keeping the wikis working with very old browsers creates other problems. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2020-August/093718.html] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.5|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 18 August. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 19 August. It will be on all wikis from 20 August ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on September 1. This is planned between 13:30 and 15:30 UTC. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis next week. This is a reminder. You can help by [[m:Tech/Server switch 2020|translating the announcement message]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T243314][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T244808] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/34|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W34"/> 20:41, 17 August 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=20366028 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/35|Tech News: 2020-35]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W35"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/35|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.6|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 25 August. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 26 August. It will be on all wikis from 27 August ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/35|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W35"/> 17:59, 24 August 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=20389773 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/35|Tech News: 2020-35]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W35"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/35|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.6|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 25 August. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 26 August. It will be on all wikis from 27 August ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/35|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W35"/> 11:12, 26 August 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=20389773 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/36|Tech News: 2020-36]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W36"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/36|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * This is a reminder. All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on September 1. This is planned between 14:00 and 15:00 UTC. Please check on the details on [[m:Tech/Server switch 2020|the announcement message]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T243314][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T244808] '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/36|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W36"/> 20:12, 31 August 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=20411995 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/37|Tech News: 2020-37]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W37"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/37|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * Normally pages can be moved to a title that has no existing page yet or to a page that has only one revision, which is a redirect to the page to be moved. A new user right allows editors to move pages over one-revision pages that redirect to anywhere. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T239277] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.8|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 8 September. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 9 September. It will be on all wikis from 10 September ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] All MediaWiki [[:w:en:API|API]] modules will now use <code>watchlist</code> instead of <code>watch</code>. This was inconsistent before. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T247915] '''Future changes''' * The [[mw:Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android|Wikipedia Android app]] team might work on patrolling tools in the future. You can let them know what tools would be useful for you or for less experienced patrollers. See the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/Patrolling conversation|page on mediawiki.org]]. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/OTRS|OTRS]] will be updated to a new version. This will probably take around two days. OTRS agents will not have access to the system during these days. Emails that come in during the update will be delivered when the update is done. The plan is to start around 08:00 UTC on 14 September. This could change. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T187984] * The Wikipedia Android app will send [[:mw:Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/AppEditorTasks#Push Notifications for editors|push notifications]] if users want them. This could help you see for example when someone wrote on your talk page or your edit was reverted. This will need [[:w:en:Google Play Services|Google Play Services]] to work. It will also be possible to get the app without Google Play Services but push notifications will not work. Google Play Services is also used to make the app work for [[:w:en:Android KitKat|Android 4.4]] users. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Android#Updates][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T146032] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] Wikimedia code review could move to [[:w:en:GitLab|GitLab]]. It would be hosted on Wikimedia servers. You can take part in the [[mw:GitLab consultation|consultation]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] Dropdown menus in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Vector|the Vector skin]] use a <code>.menu</code> class. This will not work in the future. Scripts can use <code>nav ul</code> instead. <code>.vectorTabs</code> and <code>.vectorMenu</code> will also not work. Some scripts need to be updated. You can [[phab:T262092|read more in Phabricator]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/37|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W37"/> 16:00, 7 September 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=20427670 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/38|Tech News: 2020-38]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W38"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/38|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * The [[mw:Wikimedia Apps|Wikipedia apps]] briefly showed pages without [[w:en:CSS|CSS]] last week. This meant they looked wrong. It was quickly fixed but cached pages without CSS were shown for a few hours. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incident_documentation/20200909-mobileapps_config_change][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T262437] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.9|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 15 September. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 16 September. It will be on all wikis from 17 September ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/38|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W38"/> 16:19, 14 September 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=20446737 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/38|Tech News: 2020-38]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W38"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/38|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * The [[mw:Wikimedia Apps|Wikipedia apps]] briefly showed pages without [[w:en:CSS|CSS]] last week. This meant they looked wrong. It was quickly fixed but cached pages without CSS were shown for a few hours. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incident_documentation/20200909-mobileapps_config_change][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T262437] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.9|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 15 September. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 16 September. It will be on all wikis from 17 September ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/38|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W38"/> 00:19, 15 September 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=20446737 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/39|Tech News: 2020-39]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W39"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/39|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * There is a new tag for reverted edits. For example you can see it in the recent changes feed or in the article history. It is added to edits when they have been undone, rollbacked or manually reverted to an older version of the page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T254074][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T164307] '''Changes later this week''' * The number of times you can do something in a period of time on wiki is limited. This could be the number of edits per minute or the number of users you email in a day. Some users are not affected by all limits because of their user rights. They could soon see the limit even if it does not affect them. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T258888] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.10|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 22 September. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 23 September. It will be on all wikis from 24 September ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/39|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W39"/> 21:28, 21 September 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=20461072 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/40|Tech News: 2020-40]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W40"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/40|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Admins can now see links to diffs of deleted revisions on [[Special:AbuseLog|Special:AbuseLog]]. This uses the interface of [[Special:Undelete|Special:Undelete]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T261630] * Editors are automatically added to some user groups. For example editors are added to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Autoconfirmed users|autoconfirmed users]] when they have edited enough times and long enough. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|Abuse filters]] can hinder users from automatically getting user rights for a period of time. They can also remove rights user have. Wikis can now ask to change how long this period of time is for their wiki [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/maniphest/task/edit/form/1/?projectPHIDs=Wikimedia-Site-requests in Phabricator]. It is currently five days. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T231756] '''Problems''' * [[m:Tech/News/2019/34|Last year]] some abuse filters stopped working because of a new change. If they tried to use variables that were unavailable for that action they would fail. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T230256] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.11|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 29 September. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 30 September. It will be on all wikis from 1 October ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * You can't see the language links to other language versions from the talk page or history page. They are also not shown when you edit an article. This could change. It is not decided if for example the history page should link to another history page or to the article. You can take part in the [[phab:T262472|discussion in Phabricator]]. * The link colours could change. This is to make the difference between links and other text more clear. You can [[phab:T213778|read more in Phabricator]]. * In your preferences you can choose to get different notifications on the web or by email. You will see <code>Apps</code> as one of the alternatives later this week. This is because the [[mw:Wikimedia Apps|Android and iOS Wikipedia apps]] will use push notifications for those who want them. You can see the [https://test.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-echo preferences] on the test wiki. The goal is to have push notifications on Android in October and on iOS in early 2021. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T262936] * You can soon put pages on your watchlist for a limited time. This could be useful if you want to watch something for a shorter time but don't want it on your watchlist forever. It now works on [[mw:MediaWiki|mediawiki.org]] and will come to more wikis later. You can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Tech/Watchlist Expiry|read more]] and [[m:Community Tech/Watchlist Expiry/Release Schedule|see when it will come to other wikis]]. * You can see what Wikimedians think are the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|best new technical tools this year]]. You can also nominate them. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/40|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W40"/> 21:24, 28 September 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=20483264 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/41|Tech News: 2020-41]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W41"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/41|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * There is a [https://consultation-stats.toolforge.org/ new tool] where you can see which home wiki users have in discussions on Meta. This can help show which communities are not part of the discussion on wikis where we make decisions that affect many other wikis. * You can now thank users for file uploads or for changing the language of a page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T254992] '''Problems''' * There were many errors with the new MediaWiki version last week. The new version was rolled back. Updates that should have happened last week are late. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T263177] * Everyone was logged out. This was because a user reported being logged in to someone else's account. The problem should be fixed now. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2020-October/093922.html] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] Many pages have [[:w:en:JavaScript|JavaScript]] errors. You can [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2020/09/28/diving-into-wikipedias-ocean-of-errors/ read more] and now [[:w:en:User:Jdlrobson/User scripts with client errors|see a list of user scripts with errors]]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.12|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 6 October. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 7 October. It will be on all wikis from 8 October ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Letters immediately after a link are shown as part of the link. For example the entire word in <code><nowiki>[[Child]]ren</nowiki></code> is linked. On Arabic wikis this works at both the start and end of a word. Previously on Arabic wikis numbers and other non-letter Unicode characters were shown as part of the link at the start of a word but not at the end. Now only Latin and Arabic letters will extend links on Arabic wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T263266] '''Future changes''' * You will be able to read but not to edit the wikis for up to an hour on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1603807200 27 October around 14:00 (UTC)]. It will probably be shorter than an hour. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T264364] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/41|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W41"/> 16:25, 5 October 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=20515061 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/41|Tech News: 2020-41]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W41"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/41|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * There is a [https://consultation-stats.toolforge.org/ new tool] where you can see which home wiki users have in discussions on Meta. This can help show which communities are not part of the discussion on wikis where we make decisions that affect many other wikis. * You can now thank users for file uploads or for changing the language of a page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T254992] '''Problems''' * There were many errors with the new MediaWiki version last week. The new version was rolled back. Updates that should have happened last week are late. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T263177] * Everyone was logged out. This was because a user reported being logged in to someone else's account. The problem should be fixed now. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2020-October/093922.html] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] Many pages have [[:w:en:JavaScript|JavaScript]] errors. You can [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2020/09/28/diving-into-wikipedias-ocean-of-errors/ read more] and now [[:w:en:User:Jdlrobson/User scripts with client errors|see a list of user scripts with errors]]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.12|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 6 October. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 7 October. It will be on all wikis from 8 October ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Letters immediately after a link are shown as part of the link. For example the entire word in <code><nowiki>[[Child]]ren</nowiki></code> is linked. On Arabic wikis this works at both the start and end of a word. Previously on Arabic wikis numbers and other non-letter Unicode characters were shown as part of the link at the start of a word but not at the end. Now only Latin and Arabic letters will extend links on Arabic wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T263266] '''Future changes''' * You will be able to read but not to edit the wikis for up to an hour on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1603807200 27 October around 14:00 (UTC)]. It will probably be shorter than an hour. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T264364] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/41|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W41"/> 17:25, 5 October 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=20515061 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/42|Tech News: 2020-42]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W42"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/42|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * Because of the problems with the MediaWiki version two weeks ago last week's updates are also late. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T263177][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T263178][https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2020-October/093944.html] '''Changes later this week''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Live preview|Live previews]] didn't show the templates used in the preview if you just edited a section. This has now been fixed. You can also test [[w:en:CSS|CSS]] and [[w:en:JavaScript|JavaScript]] pages even if you have the live preview enabled. Previously this didn't work well. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T102286][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T186390] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.13|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 13 October. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 14 October. It will be on all wikis from 15 October ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] A new stable version of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Pywikibot|Pywikibot]] is coming soon. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/pywikibot/2020-October/010056.html] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/42|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W42"/> 15:25, 12 October 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=20528295 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/43|Tech News: 2020-43]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W43"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/43|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.14|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2020-10-20|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2020-10-21|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2020-10-22|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * You will be able to read but not to edit the wikis for up to an hour on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1603807200 {{#time:j xg|2020-10-27|en}} around 14:00 (UTC)]. It will probably be shorter than an hour. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T264364] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] In the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]] extension, the <code dir=ltr>rmspecials()</code> function will be updated soon so that it does not remove the "space" character. Wikis are advised to wrap all the uses of <code dir=ltr>rmspecials()</code> with <code dir=ltr>rmwhitespace()</code> wherever necessary to keep filters' behavior unchanged. You can use the search function on [[Special:AbuseFilter]] to locate its usage. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T263024] * Some gadgets and user-scripts use the HTML div with the ID <code dir=ltr style="white-space:nowrap;">#jump-to-nav</code>. This div will be removed soon. Maintainers should replace these uses with either <code dir=ltr>#siteSub</code> or <code dir=ltr style="white-space:nowrap;">#mw-content-text</code>. A list of affected scripts is at the top of [[phab:T265373]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/43|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W43"/> 16:32, 19 October 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=20550811 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/44|Tech News: 2020-44]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W44"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/44|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * You will be able to read but not to edit the wikis for up to an hour on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1603807200 October 27 around 14:00 (UTC)]. It will probably be shorter than an hour. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T264364] * Last week, links to "diffs" from mobile watchlists and recentchanges were linking to page-revisions instead of diffs. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T265654] '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''Future changes''' * Since the introduction of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Interface administrators|interface administrators]] user group in 2018, administrators couldn’t view the deleted history of CSS/JS pages. Now they can. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T202989] * There was a problem with the [[Special:Tags|Change Tags]]. The software would apply the "{{int:Tag-mw-reverted}}" tag to any page actions such as page-protection changes if they came directly after a reverted edit. This has now been fixed for new edits. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T265312] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/replying|Reply tool]] will be offered as an opt-in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Beta Feature|Beta Feature]] on most Wikipedias in November. Another announcement will be made once the date is finalized. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T266303] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/44|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W44"/> 17:39, 26 October 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=20574890 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/44|Tech News: 2020-44]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W44"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/44|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * You will be able to read but not to edit the wikis for up to an hour on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1603807200 October 27 around 14:00 (UTC)]. It will probably be shorter than an hour. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T264364] * Last week, links to "diffs" from mobile watchlists and recentchanges were linking to page-revisions instead of diffs. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T265654] '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''Future changes''' * Since the introduction of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Interface administrators|interface administrators]] user group in 2018, administrators couldn’t view the deleted history of CSS/JS pages. Now they can. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T202989] * There was a problem with the [[Special:Tags|Change Tags]]. The software would apply the "{{int:Tag-mw-reverted}}" tag to any page actions such as page-protection changes if they came directly after a reverted edit. This has now been fixed for new edits. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T265312] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/replying|Reply tool]] will be offered as an opt-in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Beta Feature|Beta Feature]] on most Wikipedias in November. Another announcement will be made once the date is finalized. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T266303] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/44|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W44"/> 19:23, 26 October 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=20574890 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/45|Tech News: 2020-45]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W45"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/45|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * You can no longer read Wikimedia wikis if your browser uses very old [[:w:en:Transport Layer Security|TLS]]. This is because it is a security problem for everyone. It could lead to [[:w:en:Downgrade attack|downgrade attacks]]. Since October 29, 2020, users who use old TLS versions will not be able to connect to Wikimedia projects. A list of [[:wikitech:HTTPS/Browser Recommendations|browser recommendations]] is available. All modern operating systems and browsers are always able to reach Wikimedia projects. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T258405] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] There is a new automatic [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Tracking categories|tracking category]] available: [[:{{ns:14}}:{{MediaWiki:nonnumeric-formatnum}}|Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments]]. It collects pages which use the <code><nowiki>{{formatnum}}</nowiki></code> parser function with invalid (non-numeric) input, ''e.g.'' <code><nowiki>{{formatnum:TECHNEWS}}</nowiki></code>. Note that <code><nowiki>{{formatnum:123,456}}</nowiki></code> is also invalid input: as described in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic_words#formatnum|documentation]], the argument should be <u>unformatted</u> so that it can be reliably and correctly localised. The tracking category will help identify problematic usage and double-formatting. The new tracking category's name can be [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:Translate&showMessage=nonnumeric-formatnum&group=core&optional=1&action=translate translated at translatewiki]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T237467] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.16|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from November 3. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from November 4. It will be on all wikis from November 5 ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Administrators and stewards will be able to use a special page (Special:CreateLocalAccount) to force local account creation for a global account. This is useful when account creation is blocked for that user (by a block or a filter). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259721] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/replying|Reply tool]] will be offered as an opt-in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Beta Feature|Beta Feature]] on most Wikipedias on November 4. This change excludes the English, Russian, and German-language Wikipedias, plus a few smaller Wikipedias with special circumstances. You can read [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|the help page]] and [[mw:Help:DiscussionTools/Why can't I reply to this comment?|the troubleshooting guide]] for more information. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T266303] '''Future changes''' * A discussion has been restarted about using a Unicode minus sign (− U+2212) in the output of <code><nowiki>{{formatnum}}</nowiki></code> when it is given a negative argument. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T10327] * In the future [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation|IP addresses of unregistered users will not be shown for everyone]]. They will get an alias instead. There will be a new user right or an opt-in function for more vandal fighters to see the IPs of unregistered users. There would be some criteria for who gets the user right or opt-in. There will also be other new tools to help handle vandalism. This is early in the process and the developers are still collecting information from the communities before they suggest solutions. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/45|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W45"/> 16:10, 2 November 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=20604769 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/46|Tech News: 2020-46]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W46"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/46|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''Future changes''' * You can see [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews|reference previews]]. This shows a preview of the footnote when you hover over it. This has been a [[mw:Beta Features|beta feature]]. It will move out of beta and be enabled by default. There will be an option not to use it. The developers are looking for small or medium-sized wikis to be the first ones. You can [[m:User talk:Michael Schönitzer (WMDE)|let them know]] if your wiki is interested. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-ambassadors/2020-November/002373.html] * From November 16 the categories will not be sorted in order for a short time. This is because the developers are upgrading to a new version of the [[:w:en:International Components for Unicode|internationalisation library]]. They will use a script to fix the existing categories. This can take a few hours or a few days depending on how big the wiki is. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Technical Operations/ICU announcement|read more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T264991][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T267145] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/46|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W46"/> 15:50, 9 November 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=20634159 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/47|Tech News: 2020-47]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W47"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/47|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Listings on category pages are sorted on each wiki for that language using a [[:w:en:International Components for Unicode|library]]. For a brief period on 16 November, changes to categories will not be sorted correctly for most languages. This is because the developers are upgrading to a new version of the library. They will then use a script to fix the existing categories. This will take a few hours or a few days depending on how big the wiki is. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Technical Operations/ICU announcement|read more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T264991][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T267145] '''Changes later this week''' * If you merged two pages in a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Namespaces|namespace]] where pages can't redirect this used to break the merge history. This will now be fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T93469] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.18|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2020-11-17|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2020-11-18|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2020-11-19|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021|Community Wishlist Survey]] is now open for proposals. The survey decides what the [[m:Community Tech|Community Tech team]] will work on. You can post proposals from 16 to 30 November. You can vote on proposals from 8 December to 21 December. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/47|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W47"/> 15:37, 16 November 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=20669023 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/48|Tech News: 2020-48]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W48"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/48|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Timestamps in [[Special:Log|Special:Log]] are now links. They go to Special:Log for only that entry. This is how timestamps work on for example the history page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T207562] '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The Wikimedia [[wikitech:Portal:Cloud VPS|Cloud VPS]] hosts technical projects for the Wikimedia movement. Developers need to [[wikitech:News/Cloud VPS 2020 Purge|claim projects]] they use. This is because old and unused projects are removed once a year. Unclaimed projects can be shut down from 1 December. Unclaimed projects can be deleted from 1 January. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2020-November/094054.html] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/48|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W48"/> 17:19, 23 November 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=20698111 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/49|Tech News: 2020-49]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W49"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/49|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.20|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2020-12-01|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2020-12-02|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2020-12-03|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * The [[mw:Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS|iOS Wikipedia app]] will show readers more of the article history. They can see new updates and easier see how the article has changed over time. This is an experiment. It will first be shown only to some iOS app users as a [[:w:en:A/B testing|test]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T241253][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/iOS/Breaking_Down_the_Wall] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The [[wikitech:Wiki replicas|Wiki Replicas]] can be used for [[:w:en:SQL|SQL]] queries. You can use [https://quarry.wmflabs.org/ Quarry], [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/PAWS PAWS] or other ways to do this. To make the Wiki Replicas stable there will be two changes. Cross-database <code>JOINS</code> will no longer work. You can also only query a database if you connect to it directly. This will happen in February 2021. If you think this affects you and you need help you can [[phab:T268498|post on Phabricator]] or on [[wikitech:Talk:News/Wiki Replicas 2020 Redesign|Wikitech]]. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/News/Wiki_Replicas_2020_Redesign] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/49|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W49"/> 17:45, 30 November 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=20728523 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/50|Tech News: 2020-50]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W50"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/50|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * You can now put pages on your watchlist for a limited period of time. Some wikis already had this function. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Community_Tech/Watchlist_Expiry][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Watchlist_expiry] '''Changes later this week''' * Information from Wikidata that is used on a wiki page can be shown in recent changes and watchlists on a Wikimedia wiki. To see this you need to turn on showing Wikidata edits in your watchlist in the preferences. Changes to the Wikidata description in the language of a Wikimedia wiki will then be shown in recent changes and watchlists. This will not show edits to languages that are not relevant to your wiki. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikidata/2020-November/014402.html][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T191831] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.21|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2020-12-08|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2020-12-09|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2020-12-10|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * You can vote on proposals in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021|Community Wishlist Survey]] between 8 December and 21 December. The survey decides what the [[m:Community Tech|Community Tech team]] will work on. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/50|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W50"/> 16:15, 7 December 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=20754641 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/51|Tech News: 2020-51]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W51"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/51|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * There is a [[mw:Wikipedia for KaiOS|Wikipedia app]] for [[:w:en:KaiOS|KaiOS]] phones. It was released in India in September. It can now be downloaded in other countries too. [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2020/12/10/growing-wikipedias-reach-with-an-app-for-kaios-feature-phones/] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.22|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2020-12-15|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2020-12-16|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2020-12-17|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/51|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W51"/> 21:34, 14 December 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=20803489 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/52|Tech News: 2020-52]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W52"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/52|Translations]] are available. '''Tech News''' * Because of the [[w:en:Christmas and holiday season|holidays]] the next issue of Tech News will be sent out on 11 January 2021. '''Recent changes''' * The <code><nowiki>{{citation needed}}</nowiki></code> template shows when a statement in a Wikipedia article needs a source. If you click on it when you edit with the visual editor there is a popup that explains this. Now it can also show the reason and when it was added. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T270107] '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week or next week. '''Future changes''' * You can [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Geoinformation/Ideas|propose and discuss]] what technical improvements should be done for geographic information. This could be coordinates, maps or other related things. * Some wikis use [[mw:Writing systems/LanguageConverter|LanguageConverter]] to switch between writing systems or variants of a language. This can only be done for the entire page. There will be a <code><nowiki><langconvert></nowiki></code> tag that can convert a piece of text on a page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T263082] * Oversighters and stewards can hide entries in [[Special:AbuseLog|Special:AbuseLog]]. They can soon hide multiple entries at once using checkboxes. This works like hiding normal edits. It will happen in early January. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T260904] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/52|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W52"/> 20:54, 21 December 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=20833836 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/02|Tech News: 2021-02]] == <section begin="technews-2021-W02"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/02|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * You can choose to be reminded when you have not added an edit summary. This can be done in your preferences. This could conflict with the [[:w:en:CAPTCHA|CAPTCHA]]. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T12729] * You can link to specific log entries. You can get these links for example by clicking the timestamps in the log. Until now, such links to private log entries showed no entry even if you had permission to view private log entries. The links now show the entry. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T269761] * Admins can use the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|abuse filter tool]] to automatically prevent bad edits. Three changes happened last week: ** The filter editing interface now shows syntax errors while you type. This is similar to JavaScript pages. It also shows a warning for regular expressions that match the empty string. New warnings will be added later. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T187686] ** [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Meta:Oversighters|Oversighters]] can now hide multiple filter log entries at once using checkboxes on [[Special:AbuseLog]]. This is how the usual revision deletion works. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T260904] ** When a filter matches too many actions after it has been changed it is "throttled". The most powerful actions are disabled. This is to avoid many editors getting blocked when an administrator made a mistake. The administrator will now get a notification about this "throttle". * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] There is a new tool to [https://skins.wmflabs.org/?#/add build new skins]. You can also [https://skins.wmflabs.org/?#/ see] existing [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Skins|skins]]. You can [[mw:User talk:Jdlrobson|give feedback]]. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2020-December/094130.html] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] Bots using the API no longer watch pages automatically based on account preferences. Setting the <code>watchlist</code> to <code>watch</code> will still work. This is to reduce the size of the watchlist data in the database. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T258108] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto|Scribunto's]] [[:mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#File metadata|file metadata]] now includes length. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T209679] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] [[:w:en:CSS|CSS]] and [[:w:en:JavaScript|JavaScript]] code pages now have link anchors to [https://patchdemo.wmflabs.org/wikis/40e4795d4448b55a6d8c46ff414bcf78/w/index.php/MediaWiki:En.js#L-125 line numbers]. You can use wikilinks like [[:w:en:MediaWiki:Common.js#L-50]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T29531] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] There was a [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.25|new version]] of MediaWiki last week. You can read [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.25/Changelog|a detailed log]] of all 763 changes. Most of them are very small and will not affect you. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.26|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-01-12|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-01-13|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-01-14|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/02|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2021-W02"/> 15:42, 11 January 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=20950047 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/03|Tech News: 2021-03]] == <section begin="technews-2021-W03"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/03|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.27|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-01-19|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-01-20|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-01-21|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth|Growth team]] plans to add features to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Personalized first day/Newcomer tasks/Experiment analysis, November 2020|get more visitors to edit]] to more Wikipedias. You can help [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:Translate&group=ext-growthexperiments&language=&filter=&action=translate translating the interface]. * You will be able to read but not to edit Wikimedia Commons for a short time on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20210126T07 {{#time:j xg|2021-01-26|en}} at 07:00 (UTC)]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T271791] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|MassMessage]] posts could be automatically timestamped in the future. This is because MassMessage senders can now send pages using MassMessage. Pages are more difficult to sign. If there are times when a MassMessage post should not be timestamped you can [[phab:T270435|let the developers know]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/03|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2021-W03"/> 16:10, 18 January 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=20974628 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/04|Tech News: 2021-04]] == <section begin="technews-2021-W04"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/04|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * You will be able to read but not to edit Wikimedia Commons for a short time on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20210126T07 {{#time:j xg|2021-01-26|en}} at 07:00 (UTC)]. You will not be able to read or edit [[:wikitech:Main Page|Wikitech]] for a short time on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20210128T09 {{#time:j xg|2021-01-28|en}} at 09:00 (UTC)]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T271791][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T272388] '''Changes later this week''' * [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Bracket Matching|Bracket matching]] will be added to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] syntax highlighter on the first wikis. The first wikis are German and Catalan Wikipedia and maybe other Wikimedia wikis. This will happen on 27 January. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T270238] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.28|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-01-26|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-01-27|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-01-28|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/04|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2021-W04"/> 18:31, 25 January 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21007423 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/04|Tech News: 2021-04]] == <section begin="technews-2021-W04"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/04|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * You will be able to read but not to edit Wikimedia Commons for a short time on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20210126T07 {{#time:j xg|2021-01-26|en}} at 07:00 (UTC)]. You will not be able to read or edit [[:wikitech:Main Page|Wikitech]] for a short time on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20210128T09 {{#time:j xg|2021-01-28|en}} at 09:00 (UTC)]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T271791][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T272388] '''Changes later this week''' * [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Bracket Matching|Bracket matching]] will be added to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] syntax highlighter on the first wikis. The first wikis are German and Catalan Wikipedia and maybe other Wikimedia wikis. This will happen on 27 January. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T270238] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.28|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-01-26|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-01-27|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-01-28|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/04|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2021-W04"/> 20:48, 25 January 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21007423 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/05|Tech News: 2021-05]] == <section begin="technews-2021-W05"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/05|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * [[:w:en:IPv6|IPv6 addresses]] were written in lowercase letters in diffs. This caused dead links since [[Special:Contributions|Special:Contributions]] only accepted uppercase letters for the IPs. This has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T272225] '''Changes later this week''' * You can soon use Wikidata to link to pages on the multilingual Wikisource. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T138332] * Often editors use a "non-breaking space" to make a gap between two items when reading but still show them together. This can be used to avoid a line break. You will now be able to add new ones via the special character tool in the 2010, 2017, and visual editors. The character will be shown in the visual editor as a space with a grey background. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T70429][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T96666] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=| Advanced item]] Wikis use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|abuse filters]] to stop bad edits being made. Filter maintainers can now use syntax like <code>1.2.3.4 - 1.2.3.55</code> as well as the <code>1.2.3.4/27</code> syntax for IP ranges. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T218074] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.29|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-02-02|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-02-03|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-02-04|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * [[mw:Skin:Minerva Neue|Minerva]] is the skin Wikimedia wikis use for mobile traffic. When a page is protected and you can't edit it you can normally read the source wikicode. This doesn't work on Minerva on mobile devices. This is being fixed. Some text might overlap. This is because your community needs to update [[MediaWiki:Protectedpagetext|MediaWiki:Protectedpagetext]] to work on mobile. You can [[phab:T208827|read more]]. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Recommendations_for_mobile_friendly_articles_on_Wikimedia_wikis#Inline_styles_should_not_use_properties_that_impact_sizing_and_positioning][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Recommendations_for_mobile_friendly_articles_on_Wikimedia_wikis#Avoid_tables_for_anything_except_data] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] [[:wikitech:Portal:Cloud VPS|Cloud VPS]] and [[:wikitech:Portal:Toolforge|Toolforge]] will change the IP address they use to contact the wikis. The new IP address will be <code>185.15.56.1</code>. This will happen on February 8. You can [[:wikitech:News/CloudVPS NAT wikis|read more]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/05|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2021-W05"/> 22:39, 1 February 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21033195 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/06|Tech News: 2021-06]] == <section begin="technews-2021-W06"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/06|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps|Wikipedia app]] for Android now has watchlists and talk pages in the app. [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=org.wikipedia] '''Changes later this week''' * You can see edits to chosen pages on [[Special:Watchlist|Special:Watchlist]]. You can add pages to your watchlist on every wiki you like. The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|GlobalWatchlist]] extension will come to Meta on 11 February. There you can see entries on watched pages on different wikis on the same page. The new watchlist will be found on [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Special:GlobalWatchlist]] on Meta. You can choose which wikis to watch and other preferences on [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlistSettings|Special:GlobalWatchlistSettings]] on Meta. You can watch up to five wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T260862] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.30|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-02-09|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-02-10|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-02-11|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * When admins [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Protecting and unprotecting pages|protect]] pages the form will use the [[mw:UX standardization|OOUI look]]. [[Special:Import|Special:Import]] will also get the new look. This will make them easier to use on mobile phones. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T235424][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T108792] * Some services will not work for a short period of time from 07:00 UTC on 17 February. There might be problems with new [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia URL Shortener|short links]], new translations, new notifications, adding new items to your [[mw:Reading/Reading Lists|reading lists]] or recording [[:w:en:Email#Tracking of sent mail|email bounces]]. This is because of database maintenance. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T273758] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] [[m:Tech/News/2021/05|Last week]] Tech News reported that the IP address [[:wikitech:Portal:Cloud VPS|Cloud VPS]] and [[:wikitech:Portal:Toolforge|Toolforge]] use to contact the wikis will change on 8 February. This is delayed. It will happen later instead. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/News/CloudVPS_NAT_wikis] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/06|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2021-W06"/> 17:42, 8 February 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21082948 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/07|Tech News: 2021-07]] == <section begin="technews-2021-W07"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/07|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * There were problems with recent versions of MediaWiki. Because the updates caused problems the developers rolled back to an earlier version. Some updates and new functions will come later than planned. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2021-February/094255.html][https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2021-February/094271.html] * Some services will not work for a short period of time from 07:00 UTC on 17 February. There might be problems with new [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia URL Shortener|short links]], new translations, new notifications, adding new items to your [[mw:Reading/Reading Lists|reading lists]] or recording [[:w:en:Email#Tracking of sent mail|email bounces]]. This is because of database maintenance. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T273758] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.31|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-02-16|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-02-17|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-02-18|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/07|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2021-W07"/> 17:56, 15 February 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21105437 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/08|Tech News: 2021-08]] == <div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/08|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The visual editor will now use [[:c:Commons:Structured data/Media search|MediaSearch]] to find images. You can search for images on Commons in the visual editor when you are looking for illustrations. This is to help editors find better images. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259896] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:SyntaxHighlight|syntax highlighter]] now works with more languages: [[:w:en:Futhark (programming language)|Futhark]], [[:w:en:Graphviz|Graphviz]]/[[:w:en:DOT (graph description language)|DOT]], CDDL and AMDGPU. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T274741] '''Problems''' * Editing a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:EasyTimeline|timeline]] might have removed all text from it. This was because of a bug and has been fixed. You might need to edit the timeline again for it to show properly. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T274822] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.32|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-02-23|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-02-24|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-02-25|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] There is a [[:m:Wikimedia Rust developers user group|user group]] for developers and users interested in working on Wikimedia wikis with the [[:w:en:Rust (programming language)|Rust programming language]]. You can join or tell others who want to make your wiki better in the future. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/08|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div> ---- 00:18, 23 February 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21134058 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/09|Tech News: 2021-09]] == <div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/09|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Wikis using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature summary|Growth team tools]] can now show the name of a newcomer's mentor anywhere [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship/Integrating_mentorship|through a magic word]]. This can be used for welcome messages or userboxes. * A new version of the [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:VideoCutTool|VideoCutTool]] is now available. It enables cropping, trimming, audio disabling, and rotating video content. It is being created as part of the developer outreach programs. '''Problems''' * There was a problem with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Job queue|job queue]]. This meant some functions did not save changes and mass messages were delayed. This did not affect wiki edits. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T275437] * Some editors may not be logged in to their accounts automatically in the latest versions of Firefox and Safari. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T226797] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.33|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-03-02|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-03-03|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-03-04|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/09|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div> ---- 19:08, 1 March 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21161722 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/10|Tech News: 2021-10]] == <section begin="technews-2021-W10"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/10|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation/Section translation|Section translation]] now works on Bengali Wikipedia. It helps mobile editors translate sections of articles. It will come to more wikis later. The first focus is active wikis with a smaller number of articles. You can [https://sx.wmflabs.org/index.php/Main_Page test it] and [[mw:Talk:Content translation/Section translation|leave feedback]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:FlaggedRevs|Flagged revisions]] now give admins the review right. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T275293] * When someone links to a Wikipedia article on Twitter this will now show a preview of the article. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T276185] '''Problems''' * Many graphs have [[:w:en:JavaScript|JavaScript]] errors. Graph editors can check their graphs in their browser's developer console after editing. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T275833] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.34|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-03-09|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-03-10|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-03-11|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]). * The [[mw:Talk pages project/New discussion|New Discussion]] tool will soon be a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:DiscussionTools|discussion tools]] beta feature for on most Wikipedias. The goal is to make it easier to start new discussions. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T275257] '''Future changes''' * There will be a number of changes to make it easier to work with templates. Some will come to the first wikis in March. Other changes will come to the first wikis in June. This is both for those who use templates and those who create or maintain them. You can [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Templates|read more]]. * [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews|Reference Previews]] will become a default feature on some wikis on 17 March. They will share a setting with [[mw:Page Previews|Page Previews]]. If you prefer the Reference Tooltips or Navigation-Popups gadget you can keep using them. If so Reference Previews won't be shown. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T271206][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Talk:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/ReferencePreviews] * New JavaScript-based functions will not work in [[:w:en:Internet Explorer 11|Internet Explorer 11]]. This is because Internet Explorer is an old browser that doesn't work with how JavaScript is written today. Everything that works in Internet Explorer 11 today will continue working in Internet Explorer for now. You can [[mw:Compatibility/IE11|read more]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/10|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2021-W10"/> 17:51, 8 March 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21175593 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/11|Tech News: 2021-11]] == <section begin="technews-2021-W11"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/11|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Wikis that are part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|desktop improvements]] project can now use a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Features/Search|search function]]. The desktop improvements and the new search will come to more wikis later. You can also [[mw:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements#Deployment plan and timeline|test it early]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] Editors who put up banners or change site-wide [[:w:en:JavaScript|JavaScript]] code should use the [https://grafana.wikimedia.org/d/000000566/overview?viewPanel=16&orgId=1 client error graph] to see that their changes has not caused problems. You can [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2021/03/08/sailing-steady%e2%80%8a-%e2%80%8ahow-you-can-help-keep-wikimedia-sites-error-free read more]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T276296] '''Problems''' * Due to [[phab:T276968|database issues]] the [https://meta.wikimedia.beta.wmflabs.org Wikimedia Beta Cluster] was read-only for over a day. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.34|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-03-16|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-03-17|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-03-18|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * You can add a [[:w:en:Newline|newline]] or [[:w:en:Carriage return|carriage return]] character to a custom signature if you use a template. There is a proposal to not allow them in the future. This is because they can cause formatting problems. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/New_requirements_for_user_signatures#Additional_proposal_(2021)][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T272322] * You will be able to read but not edit [[phab:T276899|12 wikis]] for a short period of time on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20210323T06 {{#time:j xg|2021-03-23|en}} at 06:00 (UTC)]. This could take 30 minutes but will probably be much faster. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can use [https://quarry.wmflabs.org/ Quarry] for [[:w:en:SQL|SQL]] queries to the [[wikitech:Wiki replicas|Wiki Replicas]]. Cross-database <code>JOINS</code> will no longer work from 23 March. There will be a new field to specify the database to connect to. If you think this affects you and you need help you can [[phab:T268498|post on Phabricator]] or on [[wikitech:Talk:News/Wiki Replicas 2020 Redesign|Wikitech]]. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/PAWS PAWS] and other ways to do [[:w:en:SQL|SQL]] queries to the Wiki Replicas will be affected later. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/News/Wiki_Replicas_2020_Redesign] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/11|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2021-W11"/> 23:23, 15 March 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21226057 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/12|Tech News: 2021-12]] == <section begin="technews-2021-W12"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/12|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * There is a [[mw:Wikipedia for KaiOS|Wikipedia app]] for [[:w:en:KaiOS|KaiOS]] phones. They don't have a touch screen so readers navigate with the phone keys. There is now a [https://wikimedia.github.io/wikipedia-kaios/sim.html simulator] so you can see what it looks like. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Replying|reply tool]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/New discussion|new discussion tool]] are now available as the "{{int:discussiontools-preference-label}}" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] in almost all wikis except German Wikipedia. '''Problems''' * You will be able to read but not edit [[phab:T276899|twelve wikis]] for a short period of time on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20210323T06 {{#time:j xg|2021-03-23|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}} at 06:00 (UTC)]. This can also affect password changes, logging in to new wikis, global renames and changing or confirming emails. This could take 30 minutes but will probably be much faster. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.36|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-03-23|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-03-24|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-03-25|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[:w:en:Syntax highlighting|Syntax highlighting]] colours will change to be easier to read. This will soon come to the [[phab:T276346|first wikis]]. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Improved_Color_Scheme_of_Syntax_Highlighting] '''Future changes''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:FlaggedRevs|Flagged revisions]] will no longer have multiple tags like "tone" or "depth". It will also only have one tier. This was changed because very few wikis used these features and they make the tool difficult to maintain. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T185664][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T277883] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] Gadgets and user scripts can access variables about the current page in JavaScript. In 2015 this was moved from <code dir=ltr>wg*</code> to <code dir=ltr>mw.config</code>. <code dir=ltr>wg*</code> will soon no longer work. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T72470] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/12|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2021-W12"/> 16:53, 22 March 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21244806 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/13|Tech News: 2021-13]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="tech-newsletter-content"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/13|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Some very old [[:w:en:Web browser|web browsers]] [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Compatibility|don’t work]] well with the Wikimedia wikis. Some old code for browsers that used to be supported is being removed. This could cause issues in those browsers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T277803] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] [[:m:IRC/Channels#Raw_feeds|IRC recent changes feeds]] have been moved to a new server. Make sure all tools automatically reconnect to <code>irc.wikimedia.org</code> and not to the name of any specific server. Users should also consider switching to the more modern [[:wikitech:Event Platform/EventStreams|EventStreams]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T224579] '''Problems''' * When you move a page that many editors have on their watchlist the history can be split. It might also not be possible to move it again for a while. This is because of a [[:w:en:Job queue|job queue]] problem. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T278350] * Some translatable pages on Meta could not be edited. This was because of a bug in the translation tool. The new MediaWiki version was delayed because of problems like this. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T278429][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T274940] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.37|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-03-30|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-03-31|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-04-01|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/13|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="tech-newsletter-content"/> </div> 17:31, 29 March 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21267131 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/13|Tech News: 2021-13]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="tech-newsletter-content"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/13|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Some very old [[:w:en:Web browser|web browsers]] [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Compatibility|don’t work]] well with the Wikimedia wikis. Some old code for browsers that used to be supported is being removed. This could cause issues in those browsers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T277803] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] [[:m:IRC/Channels#Raw_feeds|IRC recent changes feeds]] have been moved to a new server. Make sure all tools automatically reconnect to <code>irc.wikimedia.org</code> and not to the name of any specific server. Users should also consider switching to the more modern [[:wikitech:Event Platform/EventStreams|EventStreams]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T224579] '''Problems''' * When you move a page that many editors have on their watchlist the history can be split. It might also not be possible to move it again for a while. This is because of a [[:w:en:Job queue|job queue]] problem. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T278350] * Some translatable pages on Meta could not be edited. This was because of a bug in the translation tool. The new MediaWiki version was delayed because of problems like this. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T278429][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T274940] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.37|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-03-30|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-03-31|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-04-01|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/13|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="tech-newsletter-content"/> </div> 20:39, 29 March 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21267131 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/14|Tech News: 2021-14]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="tech-newsletter-content"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/14|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Editors can collapse part of an article so you have to click on it to see it. When you click a link to a section inside collapsed content it will now expand to show the section. The browser will scroll down to the section. Previously such links didn't work unless you manually expanded the content first. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T276741] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid|citoid]] [[:w:en:API|API]] will use for example <code>2010-12-XX</code> instead of <code>2010-12</code> for dates with a month but no days. This is because <code>2010-12</code> could be confused with <code>2010-2012</code> instead of <code>December 2010</code>. This is called level 1 instead of level 0 in the [https://www.loc.gov/standards/datetime/ Extended Date/Time Format]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T132308] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.38|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-04-06|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-04-07|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-04-08|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] [[:wikitech:PAWS|PAWS]] can now connect to the new [[:wikitech:Wiki Replicas|Wiki Replicas]]. Cross-database <code>JOINS</code> will no longer work from 28 April. There is [[:wikitech:News/Wiki Replicas 2020 Redesign#How should I connect to databases in PAWS?|a new way to connect]] to the databases. Until 28 April both ways to connect to the databases will work. If you think this affects you and you need help you can post [[phab:T268498|on Phabricator]] or on [[wikitech:Talk:News/Wiki Replicas 2020 Redesign|Wikitech]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/14|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="tech-newsletter-content"/> </div> 19:41, 5 April 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21287348 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/16|Tech News: 2021-16]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="tech-newsletter-content"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/16|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Email to the Wikimedia wikis are handled by groups of Wikimedia editors. These volunteer response teams now use [https://github.com/znuny/Znuny Znuny] instead of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/OTRS|OTRS]]. The functions and interface remain the same. The volunteer administrators will give more details about the next steps soon. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T279303][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T275294] * If you use [[Mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|syntax highlighting]], you can see line numbers in the 2010 and 2017 wikitext editors when editing templates. This is to make it easier to see line breaks or talk about specific lines. Line numbers will soon come to all namespaces. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T267911][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Line_Numbering][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Talk:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Line_Numbering] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] Because of a technical change there could be problems with gadgets and scripts that have an edit summary area that looks [https://phab.wmfusercontent.org/file/data/llvdqqnb5zpsfzylbqcg/PHID-FILE-25vs4qowibmtysl7cbml/Screen_Shot_2021-04-06_at_2.34.04_PM.png similar to this one]. If they look strange they should use <code>mw.loader.using('mediawiki.action.edit.styles')</code> to go back to how they looked before. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T278898] * The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/wmf.1|latest version]] of MediaWiki came to the Wikimedia wikis last week. There was no Tech News issue last week. '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''Future changes''' * The user group <code>oversight</code> will be renamed <code>suppress</code>. This is for [[phab:T109327|technical reasons]]. This is the technical name. It doesn't affect what you call the editors with this user right on your wiki. This is planned to happen in two weeks. You can comment [[phab:T112147|in Phabricator]] if you have objections. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/16|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="tech-newsletter-content"/> </div> 16:49, 19 April 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21356080 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/17|Tech News: 2021-17]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="tech-newsletter-content"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/17|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Templates have parameters that can have specific values. It is possible to suggest values for editors with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:TemplateData|TemplateData]]. You can soon see them as a drop-down list in the visual editor. This is to help template users find the right values faster. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T273857][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Suggested_values_for_template_parameters][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Talk:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Suggested_values_for_template_parameters] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/wmf.3|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-04-27|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-04-28|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-04-29|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/17|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="tech-newsletter-content"/> </div> 21:25, 26 April 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21391118 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/18|Tech News: 2021-18]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="tech-newsletter-content"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/18|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[w:en:Wikipedia:Twinkle|Twinkle]] is a gadget on English Wikipedia. It can help with maintenance and patrolling. It can [[m:Grants:Project/Rapid/SD0001/Twinkle localisation/Report|now be used on other wikis]]. You can get Twinkle on your wiki using the [https://github.com/wikimedia-gadgets/twinkle-starter twinkle-starter] GitHub repository. '''Problems''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation|content translation tool]] did not work for many articles for a little while. This was because of a bug. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T281346] * Some things will not work for about a minute on 5 May. This will happen [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20210505T0600 around 06:00 UTC]. This will affect the content translation tool and notifications among other things. This is because of an upgrade to avoid crashes. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T281212] '''Changes later this week''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference Previews|Reference Previews]] will become a default feature on a number of wikis on 5 May. This is later than planned because of some changes. You can use it without using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Page Previews|Page Previews]] if you want to. The earlier plan was to have the preference to use both or none. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T271206][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Talk:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/ReferencePreviews] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/wmf.4|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-05-04|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-05-05|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-05-06|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The [[:w:en:CSS|CSS]] classes <code dir=ltr>.error</code>, <code dir=ltr>.warning</code> and <code dir=ltr>.success</code> do not work for mobile readers if they have not been specifically defined on your wiki. From June they will not work for desktop readers. This can affect gadgets and templates. The classes can be defined in [[MediaWiki:Common.css]] or template styles instead. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T280766] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/18|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="tech-newsletter-content"/> </div> 15:44, 3 মে' 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21418010 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/18|Tech News: 2021-18]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="tech-newsletter-content"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/18|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[w:en:Wikipedia:Twinkle|Twinkle]] is a gadget on English Wikipedia. It can help with maintenance and patrolling. It can [[m:Grants:Project/Rapid/SD0001/Twinkle localisation/Report|now be used on other wikis]]. You can get Twinkle on your wiki using the [https://github.com/wikimedia-gadgets/twinkle-starter twinkle-starter] GitHub repository. '''Problems''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation|content translation tool]] did not work for many articles for a little while. This was because of a bug. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T281346] * Some things will not work for about a minute on 5 May. This will happen [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20210505T0600 around 06:00 UTC]. This will affect the content translation tool and notifications among other things. This is because of an upgrade to avoid crashes. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T281212] '''Changes later this week''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference Previews|Reference Previews]] will become a default feature on a number of wikis on 5 May. This is later than planned because of some changes. You can use it without using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Page Previews|Page Previews]] if you want to. The earlier plan was to have the preference to use both or none. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T271206][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Talk:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/ReferencePreviews] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/wmf.4|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-05-04|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-05-05|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-05-06|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The [[:w:en:CSS|CSS]] classes <code dir=ltr>.error</code>, <code dir=ltr>.warning</code> and <code dir=ltr>.success</code> do not work for mobile readers if they have not been specifically defined on your wiki. From June they will not work for desktop readers. This can affect gadgets and templates. The classes can be defined in [[MediaWiki:Common.css]] or template styles instead. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T280766] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/18|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="tech-newsletter-content"/> </div> 12:57, 4 মে' 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21418010 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/19|Tech News: 2021-19]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="tech-newsletter-content"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/19|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/wmf.5|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-05-11|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-05-12|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-05-13|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * You can see what participants plan to work on at the online [[mw:Wikimedia Hackathon 2021|Wikimedia hackathon]] 22–23 May. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/19|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="tech-newsletter-content"/> </div> 15:10, 10 মে' 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21428676 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/19|Tech News: 2021-19]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="tech-newsletter-content"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/19|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/wmf.5|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-05-11|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-05-12|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-05-13|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * You can see what participants plan to work on at the online [[mw:Wikimedia Hackathon 2021|Wikimedia hackathon]] 22–23 May. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/19|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="tech-newsletter-content"/> </div> 16:26, 10 মে' 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21428676 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/20|Tech News: 2021-20]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="tech-newsletter-content"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/20|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * There is a new toolbar in [[mw:Talk pages project/Replying|the Reply tool]]. It works in the wikitext source mode. You can enable it in [[Special:Preferences#mw-htmlform-discussion|your preferences]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T276608] [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Talk_pages_project/Replying#13_May_2021] [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Talk_pages_project/New_discussion#13_May_2021] * Wikimedia [https://lists.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo mailing lists] are being moved to [[:w:en:GNU Mailman|Mailman 3]]. This is a newer version. For the [[:w:en:Character encoding|character encoding]] to work it will change from <code>[[:w:en:UTF-8|UTF-8]]</code> to <code>utf8mb3</code>. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/IEYQ2HS3LZF2P3DAYMNZYQDGHWPVMTPY/][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T282621] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] An [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/14|earlier issue]] of Tech News said that the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid|citoid]] [[:w:en:API|API]] would handle dates with a month but no days in a new way. This has been reverted for now. There needs to be more discussion of how it affects different wikis first. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T132308] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] <code>MediaWiki:Pageimages-blacklist</code> will be renamed <code>MediaWiki:Pageimages-denylist</code>. The list can be copied to the new name. It will happen on 19 May for some wikis and 20 May for some wikis. Most wikis don't use it. It lists images that should never be used as thumbnails for articles. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T282626] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/wmf.6|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-05-18|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-05-19|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-05-20|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/20|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="tech-newsletter-content"/> </div> 13:50, 17 মে' 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21464279 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/21|Tech News: 2021-21]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="tech-newsletter-content"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/21|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The Wikimedia movement has been using [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/IRC|IRC]] on a network called [[:w:en:Freenode|Freenode]]. There have been changes around who is in control of the network. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IRC/Group_Contacts|Wikimedia IRC Group Contacts]] have [[m:Special:Diff/21476411|decided]] to move to the new [[:w:en:Libera Chat|Libera Chat]] network instead. This is not a formal decision for the movement to move all channels but most Wikimedia IRC channels will probably leave Freenode. There is a [[:m:IRC/Migrating_to_Libera_Chat|migration guide]] and ongoing Wikimedia [[m:Wikimedia Forum#Freenode (IRC)|discussions about this]]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/wmf.7|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-05-25|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-05-26|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-05-27|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/21|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="tech-newsletter-content"/> </div> 17:08, 24 মে' 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21477606 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/22|Tech News: 2021-22]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="tech-newsletter-content"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/22|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * There was an issue on the Vector skin with the text size of categories and notices under the page title. It was fixed last Monday. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T283206] '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/22|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="tech-newsletter-content"/> </div> 17:06, 31 মে' 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21516076 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/23|Tech News: 2021-23]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="tech-newsletter-content"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/23|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/wmf.9|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-06-08|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-06-09|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-06-10|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * The Wikimedia movement uses [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Phabricator|Phabricator]] for technical tasks. This is where we collect technical suggestions, bugs and what developers are working on. The company behind Phabricator will stop working on it. This will not change anything for the Wikimedia movement now. It could lead to changes in the future. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/YAXOD46INJLAODYYIJUVQWOZFIV54VUI/][https://admin.phacility.com/phame/post/view/11/phacility_is_winding_down_operations/][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T283980] * Searching on Wikipedia will find more results in some languages. This is mainly true for when those who search do not use the correct [[:w:en:Diacritic|diacritics]] because they are not seen as necessary in that language. For example searching for <code>Bedusz</code> doesn't find <code>Będusz</code> on German Wikipedia. The character <code>ę</code> isn't used in German so many would write <code>e</code> instead. This will work better in the future in some languages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T219550] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The [[:w:en:Cross-site request forgery|CSRF token parameters]] in the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Main page|action API]] were changed in 2014. The old parameters from before 2014 will stop working soon. This can affect bots, gadgets and user scripts that still use the old parameters. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/IMP43BNCI32C524O5YCUWMQYP4WVBQ2B/][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T280806] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/23|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="tech-newsletter-content"/> </div> 20:03, 7 June 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21551759 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/23|Tech News: 2021-23]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="tech-newsletter-content"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/23|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/wmf.9|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-06-08|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-06-09|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-06-10|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * The Wikimedia movement uses [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Phabricator|Phabricator]] for technical tasks. This is where we collect technical suggestions, bugs and what developers are working on. The company behind Phabricator will stop working on it. This will not change anything for the Wikimedia movement now. It could lead to changes in the future. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/YAXOD46INJLAODYYIJUVQWOZFIV54VUI/][https://admin.phacility.com/phame/post/view/11/phacility_is_winding_down_operations/][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T283980] * Searching on Wikipedia will find more results in some languages. This is mainly true for when those who search do not use the correct [[:w:en:Diacritic|diacritics]] because they are not seen as necessary in that language. For example searching for <code>Bedusz</code> doesn't find <code>Będusz</code> on German Wikipedia. The character <code>ę</code> isn't used in German so many would write <code>e</code> instead. This will work better in the future in some languages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T219550] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The [[:w:en:Cross-site request forgery|CSRF token parameters]] in the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Main page|action API]] were changed in 2014. The old parameters from before 2014 will stop working soon. This can affect bots, gadgets and user scripts that still use the old parameters. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/IMP43BNCI32C524O5YCUWMQYP4WVBQ2B/][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T280806] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/23|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="tech-newsletter-content"/> </div> 22:35, 7 June 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21551759 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/24|Tech News: 2021-24]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="tech-newsletter-content"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/24|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Logged-in users on the mobile web can choose to use the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Advanced mobile contributions|advanced mobile mode]]. They now see categories in a similar way as users on desktop do. This means that some gadgets that have just been for desktop users could work for users of the mobile site too. If your wiki has such gadgets you could decide to turn them on for the mobile site too. Some gadgets probably need to be fixed to look good on mobile. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T284763] * Language links on Wikidata now works for [[:oldwikisource:Main Page|multilingual Wikisource]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T275958] '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''Future changes''' * In the future we [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation|can't show the IP]] of unregistered editors to everyone. This is because privacy regulations and norms have changed. There is now a rough draft of how [[m:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation#Updates|showing the IP to those who need to see it]] could work. * German Wikipedia, English Wikivoyage and 29 smaller wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on 22 June. This is planned between 5:00 and 5:30 UTC. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T284530] * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes in the week of 28 June. More information will be published in Tech News later. It will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T281515][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T281209] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/24|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="tech-newsletter-content"/> </div> 20:26, 14 June 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21587625 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/25|Tech News: 2021-25]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="tech-newsletter-content"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/25|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The <code>otrs-member</code> group name is now <code>vrt-permissions</code>. This could affect abuse filters. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T280615] '''Problems''' * You will be able to read but not edit German Wikipedia, English Wikivoyage and 29 smaller wikis for a few minutes on 22 June. This is planned between [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20210623T0500 5:00 and 5:30 UTC]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T284530] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/wmf.11|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-06-22|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-06-23|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-06-24|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/25|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="tech-newsletter-content"/> </div> 15:50, 21 June 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21593987 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/26|Tech News: 2021-26]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="tech-newsletter-content"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/26|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Wikis with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth|Growth features]] now can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure Growth features directly on their wiki]]. This uses the new special page <code>Special:EditGrowthConfig</code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T285423] * Wikisources have a new [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Tech/OCR Improvements|OCR tool]]. If you don't want to see the "extract text" button on Wikisource you can add <code>.ext-wikisource-ExtractTextWidget { display: none; }</code> to your [[Special:MyPage/common.css|common.css page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T285311] '''Problems''' *You will be able to read but not edit the Wikimedia wikis for a few minutes on 29 June. This is planned at [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20210629T1400 14:00 UTC]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T281515][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T281209] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/wmf.12|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-06-29|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-06-30|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-07-01|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * <code>Threshold for stub link formatting</code>, <code>thumbnail size</code> and <code>auto-number headings</code> can be set in preferences. They are expensive to maintain and few editors use them. The developers are planning to remove them. Removing them will make pages load faster. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/User:SKim (WMF)/Performance Dependent User Preferences|read more and give feedback]]. * A toolbar will be added to the [[mw:Talk pages project/Replying|Reply tool]]'s wikitext source mode. This will make it easier to link to pages and to ping other users. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T276609][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Talk_pages_project/Replying#Status_updates] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/26|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="tech-newsletter-content"/> </div> 16:32, 28 June 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21653312 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/27|Tech News: 2021-27]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="tech-newsletter-content"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/27|Translations]] are available. '''Tech News''' * The next issue of Tech News will be sent out on 19 July. '''Recent changes''' * [[:wikidata:Q4063270|AutoWikiBrowser]] is a tool to make repetitive tasks easier. It now uses [[:w:en:JSON|JSON]]. <code>Wikipedia:AutoWikiBrowser/CheckPage</code> has moved to <code>Wikipedia:AutoWikiBrowser/CheckPageJSON</code> and <code>Wikipedia:AutoWikiBrowser/Config</code>. <code>Wikipedia:AutoWikiBrowser/CheckPage/Version</code> has moved to <code>Wikipedia:AutoWikiBrowser/CheckPage/VersionJSON</code>. The tool will eventually be configured on the wiki so that you don't have to wait until the new version to add templates or regular expression fixes. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T241196] '''Problems''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] helps saving online sources on some wikis. It adds them to [[:w:en:Wayback Machine|Wayback Machine]] and links to them there. This is so they don't disappear if the page that was linked to is removed. It currently has a problem with linking to the wrong date when it moves pages from <code>archive.is</code> to <code>web.archive.org</code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T283432] '''Changes later this week''' * The tool to [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Finding and inserting templates|find, add and remove templates]] will be updated. This is to make it easier to find and use the right templates. It will come to the first wikis on 7 July. It will come to more wikis later this year. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Removing_a_template_from_a_page_using_the_VisualEditor][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T284553] * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''Future changes''' * Some Wikimedia wikis use [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Flagged Revisions|Flagged Revisions]] or pending changes. It hides edits from new and unregistered accounts for readers until they have been patrolled. The auto review action in Flagged Revisions will no longer be logged. All old logs of auto-review will be removed. This is because it creates a lot of logs that are not very useful. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T285608] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/27|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="tech-newsletter-content"/> </div> 17:34, 5 July 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21694636 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/29|Tech News: 2021-29]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="tech-newsletter-content"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/29|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The tool to [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Finding and inserting templates|find, add and remove templates]] was updated. This is to make it easier to find and use the right templates. It was supposed to come to the first wikis on 7 July. It was delayed to 12 July instead. It will come to more wikis later this year. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Removing_a_template_from_a_page_using_the_VisualEditor][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T284553] * [[Special:UnconnectedPages|Special:UnconnectedPages]] lists pages that are not connected to Wikidata. This helps you find pages that can be connected to Wikidata items. Some pages should not be connected to Wikidata. You can use the magic word <code><nowiki>__EXPECTED_UNCONNECTED_PAGE__</nowiki></code> on pages that should not be listed on the special page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T97577] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/wmf.15|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-07-20|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-07-21|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-07-22|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] How media is structured in the [[:w:en:Parsing|parser's]] HTML output will soon change. This can affect bots, gadgets, user scripts and extensions. You can [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/L2UQJRHTFK5YG3IOZEC7JSLH2ZQNZRVU/ read more]. You can test it on [[:testwiki:Main Page|Testwiki]] or [[:test2wiki:Main Page|Testwiki 2]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The parameters for how you obtain [[mw:API:Tokens|tokens]] in the MediaWiki API were changed in 2014. The old way will no longer work from 1 September. Scripts, bots and tools that use the parameters from before the 2014 change need to be updated. You can [[phab:T280806#7215377|read more]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/29|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="tech-newsletter-content"/> </div> 15:32, 19 July 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21755027 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/30|Tech News: 2021-30]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="tech-newsletter-content"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/30|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * A [[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/wmf.14|new version]] of MediaWiki came to the Wikimedia wikis the week before last week. This was not in Tech News because there was no newsletter that week. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/wmf.16|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-07-27|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-07-28|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-07-29|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * If you use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:MonoBook|Monobook skin]] you can choose to switch off [[:w:en:Responsive web design|responsive design]] on mobile. This will now work for more skins. If <code>{{int:monobook-responsive-label}}</code> is unticked you need to also untick the new [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|preference]] <code>{{int:prefs-skin-responsive}}</code>. Otherwise it will stop working. Interface admins can automate this process on your wiki. You can [[phab:T285991|read more]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/30|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="tech-newsletter-content"/> </div> 21:11, 26 July 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21771634 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/31|Tech News: 2021-31]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="tech-newsletter-content"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/31|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] If your wiki uses markup like <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki><div class="mw-content-ltr"></nowiki></code></bdi> or <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki><div class="mw-content-rtl"></nowiki></code></bdi> without the required <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>dir</code></bdi> attribute, then these will no longer work in 2 weeks. There is a short-term fix that can be added to your local wiki's Common.css page, which is explained at [[phab:T287701|T287701]]. From now on, all usages should include the full attributes, for example: <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki><div class="mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr" lang="en"></nowiki></code></bdi> or <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki><div class="mw-content-rtl" dir="rtl" lang="he"></nowiki></code></bdi>. This also applies to some other HTML tags, such as <code>span</code> or <code>code</code>. You can find existing examples on your wiki that need to be updated, using the instructions at [[phab:T287701|T287701]]. * Reminder: Wikimedia has [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IRC/Migrating to Libera Chat|migrated to the Libera Chat IRC network]], from the old Freenode network. Local documentation should be updated. '''Problems''' * Last week, all wikis had slow access or no access for 30 minutes. There was a problem with generating dynamic lists of articles on the Russian Wikinews, due to the bulk import of 200,000+ new articles over 3 days, which led to database problems. The problematic feature has been disabled on that wiki and developers are discussing if it can be fixed properly. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T287380][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incident_documentation/2021-07-26_ruwikinews_DynamicPageList] '''Changes later this week''' * When adding links to a page using [[mw:VisualEditor|VisualEditor]] or the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2017 wikitext editor|2017 wikitext editor]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Disambiguator|disambiguation pages]] will now only appear at the bottom of search results. This is because users do not often want to link to disambiguation pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T285510] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/wmf.17|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-08-03|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-08-04|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-08-05|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * The [[mw:Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android|team of the Wikipedia app for Android]] is working on communication in the app. The developers are working on how to talk to other editors and get notifications. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/Communication|read more]]. They are looking for users who want to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/Communication/UsertestingJuly2021|test the plans]]. Any editor who has an Android phone and is willing to download the app can do this. * The [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Beta Feature]] for {{int:discussiontools-preference-label}} will be updated in the coming weeks. You will be able to [[mw:Talk pages project/Notifications|subscribe to individual sections]] on a talk page at more wikis. You can test this now by adding <code>?dtenable=1</code> to the end of the talk page's URL ([https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Meta_talk:Sandbox?dtenable=1 example]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/31|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="tech-newsletter-content"/> </div> 20:48, 2 August 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21818289 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/32|Tech News: 2021-32]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="tech-newsletter-content"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/32|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * You can read but not edit 17 wikis for a few minutes on 10 August. This is planned at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1628571650 05:00 UTC]. This is because of work on the database. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T287449] '''Changes later this week''' * The [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2021:Hackathon|Wikimania Hackathon]] will take place remotely on 13 August, starting at 5:00 UTC, for 24 hours. You can participate in many ways. You can still propose projects and sessions. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/wmf.18|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-08-10|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-08-11|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-08-12|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The old CSS <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki><div class="visualClear"></div></nowiki></code></bdi> will not be supported after 12 August. Instead, templates and pages should use <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki><div style="clear:both;"></div></nowiki></code></bdi>. Please help to replace any existing uses on your wiki. There are global-search links available at [[phab:T287962|T287962]]. '''Future changes''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is a place for Wikipedia editors to get access to sources. There is an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:TheWikipediaLibrary|extension]] which has a new function to tell users when they can take part in it. It will use notifications. It will start pinging the first users in September. It will ping more users later. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T288070] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] [[w:en:Vue.js|Vue.js]] will be the [[w:en:JavaScript|JavaScript]] framework for MediaWiki in the future. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/SOZREBYR36PUNFZXMIUBVAIOQI4N7PDU/] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/32|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="tech-newsletter-content"/> </div> 16:21, 9 August 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21856726 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/33|Tech News: 2021-33]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="tech-newsletter-content"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/33|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * You can add language links in the sidebar in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|new Vector skin]] again. You do this by connecting the page to a Wikidata item. The new Vector skin has moved the language links but the new language selector cannot add language links yet. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T287206] '''Problems''' * There was a problem on wikis which use the Translate extension. Translations were not updated or were replaced with the English text. The problems have been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T288700][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T288683][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T288719] '''Changes later this week''' * A [[mw:Help:Tags|revision tag]] will soon be added to edits that add links to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Disambiguator|disambiguation pages]]. This is because these links are usually added by accident. The tag will allow editors to easily find the broken links and fix them. If your wiki does not like this feature, it can be [[mw:Help:Tags#Deleting a tag added by the software|hidden]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T287549] *Would you like to help improve the information about tools? Would you like to attend or help organize a small virtual meetup for your community to discuss the list of tools? Please get in touch on the [[m:Toolhub/The Quality Signal Sessions|Toolhub Quality Signal Sessions]] talk page. We are also looking for feedback [[m:Talk:Toolhub/The Quality Signal Sessions#Discussion topic for "Quality Signal Sessions: The Tool Maintainers edition"|from tool maintainers]] on some specific questions. * In the past, edits to any page in your user talk space ignored your [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Notifications#mute|mute list]], e.g. sub-pages. Starting this week, this is only true for edits to your talk page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T288112] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/wmf.19|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-08-17|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-08-18|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-08-19|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/33|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="tech-newsletter-content"/> </div> 19:28, 16 August 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21889213 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/34|Tech News: 2021-34]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="tech-newsletter-content"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/34|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Score|Score]] extension (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki><score></nowiki></code></bdi> notation) has been re-enabled on public wikis and upgraded to a newer version. Some musical score functionality may no longer work because the extension is only enabled in "safe mode". The security issue has been fixed and an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Score/2021 security advisory|advisory published]]. '''Problems''' * You will be able to read but not edit [[phab:T289130|some wikis]] for a few minutes on {{#time:j xg|2021-08-25|en}}. This will happen around [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1629871217 06:00 UTC]. This is for database maintenance. During this time, operations on the CentralAuth will also not be possible. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/wmf.20|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-08-24|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-08-25|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-08-26|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/34|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="tech-newsletter-content"/> </div> 21:59, 23 August 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21923254 --> == Read-only reminder == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="MassMessage"/> A maintenance operation will be performed on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1629871231 {{#time: l F d H:i e|2021-08-25T06:00|en}}]. It should only last for a few minutes. This will affect your wiki as well as 11 other wikis. During this time, publishing edits will not be possible. Also during this time, operations on the CentralAuth will not be possible (GlobalRenames, changing/confirming e-mail addresses, logging into new wikis, password changes). For more details about the operation and on all impacted services, please check [[phab:T289130|on Phabricator]]. A banner will be displayed 30 minutes before the operation. Please help your community to be aware of this maintenance operation. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}<section end="MassMessage"/> </div> 20:35, 24 August 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21927201 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/35|Tech News: 2021-35]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="tech-newsletter-content"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/35|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Some musical score syntax no longer works and may needed to be updated, you can check [[:Category:{{MediaWiki:score-error-category}}]] on your wiki for a list of pages with errors. '''Problems''' * Musical scores were unable to render lyrics in some languages because of missing fonts. This has been fixed now. If your language would prefer a different font, please file a request in Phabricator. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T289554] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The parameters for how you obtain [[mw:API:Tokens|tokens]] in the MediaWiki API were changed in 2014. The old way will no longer work from 1 September. Scripts, bots and tools that use the parameters from before the 2014 change need to be updated. You can [[phab:T280806#7215377|read more]] about this. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/wmf.21|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-08-31|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-09-01|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-09-02|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * You will be able to read but not edit [[phab:T289660|Commons]] for a few minutes on {{#time:j xg|2021-09-06|en}}. This will happen around [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1630818058 05:00 UTC]. This is for database maintenance. * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes in the week of 13 September. More information will be published in Tech News later. It will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T287539] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/35|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="tech-newsletter-content"/> </div> 16:02, 30 August 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21954810 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/36|Tech News: 2021-36]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="tech-newsletter-content"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/36|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The wikis that have [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature_summary|Growth features]] deployed have been part of A/B testing since deployment, in which some newcomers did not receive the new features. Now, all of the newcomers on 21 of the smallest of those wikis will be receiving the features. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T289786] '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] In 2017, the provided jQuery library was upgraded from version 1 to 3, with a compatibility layer. The migration will soon finish, to make the site load faster for everyone. If you maintain a gadget or user script, check if you have any JQMIGRATE errors and fix them, or they will break. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T280944][https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/6Z2BVLOBBEC2QP4VV4KOOVQVE52P3HOP/] * Last year, the Portuguese Wikipedia community embarked on an experiment to make log-in compulsory for editing.&nbsp; The [[m:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/Impact report for Login Required Experiment on Portuguese Wikipedia|impact report of this trial]] is ready. Moving forward, the Anti-Harassment Tools team is looking for projects that are willing to experiment with restricting IP editing on their wiki for a short-term experiment. [[m:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/Login Required Experiment|Learn more]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/36|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="tech-newsletter-content"/> </div> 15:20, 6 September 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21981010 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/37|Tech News: 2021-37]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="tech-newsletter-content"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/37|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * 45 new Wikipedias now have access to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature summary|Growth features]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T289680] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Deployment table|A majority of Wikipedias]] now have access to the Growth features. The Growth team [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/FAQ|has published an FAQ page]] about the features. This translatable FAQ covers the description of the features, how to use them, how to change the configuration, and more. '''Problems''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on 14 September. This is planned at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1631628002 14:00 UTC]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T287539] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/wmf.23|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-09-14|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-09-15|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-09-16|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Starting this week, Wikipedia in Italian will receive weekly software updates on Wednesdays. It used to receive the updates on Thursdays. Due to this change, bugs will be noticed and fixed sooner. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T286664] * You can add language links in the sidebar in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|the new Vector skin]] again. You do this by connecting the page to a Wikidata item. The new Vector skin has moved the language links but the new language selector cannot add language links yet. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T287206] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:SyntaxHighlight|syntax highlight]] tool marks up code with different colours. It now can highlight 23 new code languages. Additionally, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>golang</code></bdi> can now be used as an alias for the [[d:Q37227|Go programming language]], and a special <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>output</code></bdi> mode has been added to show a program's output. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T280117][https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/c/mediawiki/extensions/SyntaxHighlight_GeSHi/+/715277/] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/37|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="tech-newsletter-content"/> </div> 15:36, 13 September 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=22009517 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/38|Tech News: 2021-38]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="tech-newsletter-content"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/38|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Growth features are now deployed to almost all Wikipedias. [[phab:T290582|For the majority of small Wikipedias]], the features are only available for experienced users, to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/FAQ#enable|test the features]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/FAQ#config|configure them]]. Features will be available for newcomers starting on 20 September 2021. * MediaWiki had a feature that would highlight local links to short articles in a different style. Each user could pick the size at which "stubs" would be highlighted. This feature was very bad for performance, and following a consultation, has been removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T284917] * A technical change was made to the MonoBook skin to allow for easier maintenance and upkeep. This has resulted in some minor changes to HTML that make MonoBook's HTML consistent with other skins. Efforts have been made to minimize the impact on editors, but please ping [[m:User:Jon (WMF)|Jon (WMF)]] on wiki or in [[phab:T290888|phabricator]] if any problems are reported. '''Problems''' * There was a problem with search last week. Many search requests did not work for 2 hours because of an accidental restart of the search servers. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incident_documentation/2021-09-13_cirrussearch_restart] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/wmf.1|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-09-21|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-09-22|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-09-23|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The [[s:Special:ApiHelp/query+proofreadinfo|meta=proofreadpage API]] has changed. The <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>piprop</nowiki></code></bdi> parameter has been renamed to <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>prpiprop</nowiki></code></bdi>. API users should update their code to avoid unrecognized parameter warnings. Pywikibot users should upgrade to 6.6.0. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T290585] '''Future changes''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#Replying|Reply tool]] will be deployed to the remaining wikis in the coming weeks. It is currently part of "{{int:discussiontools-preference-label}}" in [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Beta features]] at most wikis. You will be able to turn it off in [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion|Editing Preferences]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T262331] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki_1.37/Deprecation_of_legacy_API_token_parameters|previously announced]] change to how you obtain tokens from the API has been delayed to September 21 because of an incompatibility with Pywikibot. Bot operators using Pywikibot can follow [[phab:T291202|T291202]] for progress on a fix, and should plan to upgrade to 6.6.1 when it is released. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/38|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="tech-newsletter-content"/> </div> 18:33, 20 September 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=22043415 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/39|Tech News: 2021-39]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2021-W39"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/39|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[w:en:IOS|iOS 15]] has a new function called [https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT212614 Private Relay] (Apple website). This can hide the user's IP when they use [[w:en:Safari (software)|Safari]] browser. This is like using a [[w:en:Virtual private network|VPN]] in that we see another IP address instead. It is opt-in and only for those who pay extra for [[w:en:ICloud|iCloud]]. It will come to Safari users on [[:w:en:OSX|OSX]] later. There is a [[phab:T289795|technical discussion]] about what this means for the Wikimedia wikis. '''Problems''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] Some gadgets and user-scripts add items to the [[m:Customization:Explaining_skins#Portlets|portlets]] (article tools) part of the skin. A recent change to the HTML may have made those links a different font-size. This can be fixed by adding the CSS class <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>.vector-menu-dropdown-noicon</code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T291438] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/wmf.2|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-09-28|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-09-29|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-09-30|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/Roadmap|calendar]]). * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Onboarding_new_Wikipedians#New_experience|GettingStarted extension]] was built in 2013, and provides an onboarding process for new account holders in a few versions of Wikipedia. However, the recently developed [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature_summary|Growth features]] provide a better onboarding experience. Since the vast majority of Wikipedias now have access to the Growth features, GettingStarted will be deactivated starting on 4 October. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T235752] * A small number of users will not be able to connect to the Wikimedia wikis after 30 September. This is because an old [[:w:en:root certificate|root certificate]] will no longer work. They will also have problems with many other websites. Users who have updated their software in the last five years are unlikely to have problems. Users in Europe, Africa and Asia are less likely to have immediate problems even if their software is too old. You can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/HTTPS/2021 Let's Encrypt root expiry|read more]]. * You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Notifications|receive notifications]] when someone leaves a comment on user talk page or mentions you in a talk page comment. Clicking the notification link will now bring you to the comment and highlight it. Previously, doing so brought you to the top of the section that contained the comment. You can find [[phab:T282029|more information in T282029.]] '''Future changes''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#Replying|Reply tool]] will be deployed to the remaining wikis in the coming weeks. It is currently part of "{{int:discussiontools-preference-label}}" in [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Beta features]] at most wikis. You will be able to turn it off in [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion|Editing Preferences]]. [[phab:T288485|See the list of wikis.]] [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T262331] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/39|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2021-W39"/> </div> 22:24, 27 September 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=22077885 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/40|Tech News: 2021-40]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="tech-newsletter-content"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/40|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * A more efficient way of sending changes from Wikidata to Wikimedia wikis that show them has been enabled for the following 10 wikis: mediawiki.org, the Italian, Catalan, Hebrew and Vietnamese Wikipedias, French Wikisource, and English Wikivoygage, Wikibooks, Wiktionary and Wikinews. If you notice anything strange about how changes from Wikidata appear in recent changes or your watchlist on those wikis you can [[phab:T48643|let the developers know]]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/wmf.3|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-10-05|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-10-06|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-10-07|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] Some gadgets and bots that use the API to read the AbuseFilter log might break. The <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>hidden</code></bdi> property will no longer say an entry is <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>implicit</code></bdi> for unsuppressed log entries about suppressed edits. If your bot needs to know this, do a separate revision query. Additionally, the property will have the value <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>false</code></bdi> for visible entries; previously, it wasn't included in the response. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T291718] * A more efficient way of sending changes from Wikidata to Wikimedia wikis that show them will be enabled for ''all production wikis''. If you notice anything strange about how changes from Wikidata appear in recent changes or your watchlist you can [[phab:T48643|let the developers know]]. '''Future changes''' * You can soon get cross-wiki notifications in the [[mw:Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS|iOS Wikipedia app]]. You can also get notifications as push notifications. More notification updates will follow in later versions. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/iOS/Notifications#September_2021_update] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The JavaScript variables <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>wgExtraSignatureNamespaces</code></bdi>, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>wgLegalTitleChars</code></bdi>, and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>wgIllegalFileChars</code></bdi> will soon be removed from <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Interface/JavaScript#mw.config|mw.config]]</code></bdi>. These are not part of the "stable" variables available for use in wiki JavaScript. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T292011] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The JavaScript variables <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>wgCookiePrefix</code></bdi>, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>wgCookieDomain</code></bdi>, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>wgCookiePath</code></bdi>, and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>wgCookieExpiration</code></bdi> will soon be removed from mw.config. Scripts should instead use <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mw.cookie</code></bdi> from the "<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">[[mw:ResourceLoader/Core_modules#mediawiki.cookie|mediawiki.cookie]]</bdi>" module. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T291760] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/40|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="tech-newsletter-content"/> </div> 16:33, 4 October 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=22101208 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/41|Tech News: 2021-41]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2021-W41"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/41|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/wmf.4|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-10-12|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-10-13|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-10-14|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/Roadmap|calendar]]). * The [[mw:Manual:Table_of_contents#Auto-numbering|"auto-number headings" preference]] is being removed. You can read [[phab:T284921]] for the reasons and discussion. This change was [[m:Tech/News/2021/26|previously]] announced. [[mw:Snippets/Auto-number_headings|A JavaScript snippet]] is available which can be used to create a Gadget on wikis that still want to support auto-numbering. '''Meetings''' * You can join a meeting about the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|Desktop Improvements]]. A demonstration version of the [[mw:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Features/Sticky Header|newest feature]] will be shown. The event will take place on Tuesday, 12 October at 16:00 UTC. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Updates/Talk to Web/12-10-2021|See how to join]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/41|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2021-W41"/> </div> 15:31, 11 October 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=22152137 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/42|Tech News: 2021-42]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2021-W42"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/42|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' *[[m:Toolhub|Toolhub]] is a catalogue to make it easier to find software tools that can be used for working on the Wikimedia projects. You can [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/LF4SSR4QRCKV6NPRFGUAQWUFQISVIPTS/ read more]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/wmf.5|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-10-19|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-10-20|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-10-21|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * The developers of the [[mw:Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android|Wikipedia Android app]] are working on [[mw:Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/Communication|communication in the app]]. You can now answer questions in [[mw:Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/Communication/UsertestingOctober2021|survey]] to help the development. * 3–5% of editors may be blocked in the next few months. This is because of a new service in Safari, which is similar to a [[w:en:Proxy server|proxy]] or a [[w:en:VPN|VPN]]. It is called iCloud Private Relay. There is a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Apple iCloud Private Relay|discussion about this]] on Meta. The goal is to learn what iCloud Private Relay could mean for the communities. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise|Wikimedia Enterprise]] is a new [[w:en:API|API]] for those who use a lot of information from the Wikimedia projects on other sites. It is a way to get big commercial users to pay for the data. There will soon be a copy of the Wikimedia Enterprise dataset. You can [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-ambassadors@lists.wikimedia.org/message/B2AX6PWH5MBKB4L63NFZY3ADBQG7MSBA/ read more]. You can also ask the team questions [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/88994018553 on Zoom] on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?hour=15&min=00&sec=0&day=22&month=10&year=2021 22 October 15:00 UTC]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/42|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2021-W42"/> </div> 20:54, 18 October 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=22176877 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/43|Tech News: 2021-43]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2021-W43"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/43|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest_Tool_Award|Coolest Tool Award 2021]] is looking for nominations. You can recommend tools until 27 October. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/wmf.6|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-10-26|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-10-27|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-10-28|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' *[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Diff|Diff pages]] will have an improved copy and pasting experience. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Copy paste diffs|The changes]] will allow the text in the diff for before and after to be treated as separate columns and will remove any unwanted syntax. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T192526] * The version of the [[w:en:Liberation fonts|Liberation fonts]] used in SVG files will be upgraded. Only new thumbnails will be affected. Liberation Sans Narrow will not change. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T253600] '''Meetings''' * You can join a meeting about the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey|Community Wishlist Survey]]. News about the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Warn when linking to disambiguation pages|disambiguation]] and the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Real Time Preview for Wikitext|real-time preview]] wishes will be shown. The event will take place on Wednesday, 27 October at 14:30 UTC. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Updates/Talk to Us|See how to join]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/43|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2021-W43"/> </div> 20:08, 25 October 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=22232718 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/44|Tech News: 2021-44]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2021-W44"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/44|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * There is a limit on the amount of emails a user can send each day. This limit is now global instead of per-wiki. This change is to prevent abuse. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T293866] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/wmf.7|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-11-02|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-11-03|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-11-04|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/44|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2021-W44"/> </div> 20:28, 1 November 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=22269406 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/45|Tech News: 2021-45]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2021-W45"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/45|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Mobile IP editors are now able to receive warning notices indicating they have a talk page message on the mobile website (similar to the orange banners available on desktop). These notices will be displayed on every page outside of the main namespace and every time the user attempts to edit. The notice on desktop now has a slightly different colour. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T284642][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T278105] '''Changes later this week''' * [[phab:T294321|Wikidata will be read-only]] for a few minutes on 11 November. This will happen around [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1636610400 06:00 UTC]. This is for database maintenance. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T294321] * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''Future changes''' * In the future, unregistered editors will be given an identity that is not their [[:w:en:IP address|IP address]]. This is for legal reasons. A new user right will let editors who need to know the IPs of unregistered accounts to fight vandalism, spam, and harassment, see the IP. You can read the [[m:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation#IP Masking Implementation Approaches (FAQ)|suggestions for how that identity could work]] and [[m:Talk:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation|discuss on the talk page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/45|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2021-W45"/> </div> 20:37, 8 November 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=22311003 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/46|Tech News: 2021-46]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2021-W46"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/46|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Most [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Maximum_file_size#MAXTHUMB|large file uploads]] errors that had messages like "<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>stashfailed</code></bdi>" or "<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>DBQueryError</code></bdi>" have now been fixed. An [[wikitech:Incident documentation/2021-11-04 large file upload timeouts|incident report]] is available. '''Problems''' * Sometimes, edits made on iOS using the visual editor save groups of numbers as telephone number links, because of a feature in the operating system. This problem is under investigation. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T116525] * There was a problem with search last week. Many search requests did not work for 2 hours because of a configuration error. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incident_documentation/2021-11-10_cirrussearch_commonsfile_outage] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/wmf.9|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-11-16|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-11-17|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-11-18|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/46|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2021-W46"/> </div> 22:07, 15 November 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=22338097 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/47|Tech News: 2021-47]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2021-W47"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/47|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. *The template dialog in VisualEditor and in the [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|new wikitext mode]] Beta feature will be [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/VisualEditor template dialog improvements|heavily improved]] on [[phab:T286992|a few wikis]]. Your [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/VisualEditor template dialog improvements|feedback is welcome]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/47|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2021-W47"/> </div> 20:03, 22 November 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=22366010 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/48|Tech News: 2021-48]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2021-W48"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/48|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/wmf.11|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-11-30|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-12-01|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-12-02|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/48|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2021-W48"/> </div> 21:15, 29 November 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=22375666 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/49|Tech News: 2021-49]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2021-W49"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/49|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * MediaWiki 1.38-wmf.11 was scheduled to be deployed on some wikis last week. The deployment was delayed because of unexpected problems. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/wmf.12|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-12-07|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-12-08|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-12-09|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/Roadmap|calendar]]). * At all Wikipedias, a Mentor Dashboard is now available at <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>Special:MentorDashboard</nowiki></code></bdi>. It allows registered mentors, who take care of newcomers' first steps, to monitor their assigned newcomers' activity. It is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature summary|Growth features]]. You can learn more about [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Communities/How_to_configure_the_mentors%27_list|activating the mentor list]] on your wiki and about [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Mentor dashboard|the mentor dashboard project]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The predecessor to the current [[mw:API|MediaWiki Action API]] (which was created in 2008), <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=ajax</nowiki></code></bdi>, will be removed this week. Any scripts or bots using it will need to switch to the corresponding API module. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T42786] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] An old ResourceLoader module, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>jquery.jStorage</nowiki></code></bdi>, which was deprecated in 2016, will be removed this week. Any scripts or bots using it will need to switch to <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mediawiki.storage</nowiki></code></bdi> instead. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T143034] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/49|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2021-W49"/> </div> 21:59, 6 December 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=22413926 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/50|Tech News: 2021-50]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2021-W50"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/50|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * There are now default [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Namespace#Other_namespace_aliases|short aliases]] for the "Project:" namespace on most wikis. E.g. On Wikibooks wikis, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>[[WB:]]</nowiki></code></bdi> will go to the local language default for the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>[[Project:]]</nowiki></code></bdi> namespace. This change is intended to help the smaller communities have easy access to this feature. Additional local aliases can still be requested via [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting wiki configuration changes|the usual process]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T293839] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/wmf.13|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-12-14|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-12-15|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-12-16|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/50|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2021-W50"/> </div> 22:28, 13 December 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=22441074 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/51|Tech News: 2021-51]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2021-W51"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/51|Translations]] are available. '''Tech News''' * Because of the [[w:en:Christmas and holiday season|holidays]] the next issue of Tech News will be sent out on 10 January 2022. '''Recent changes''' * Queries made by the DynamicPageList extension (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki><DynamicPageList></nowiki></code></bdi>) are now only allowed to run for 10 seconds and error if they take longer. This is in response to multiple outages where long-running queries caused an outage on all wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T287380#7575719] '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week or next week. '''Future changes''' * The developers of the Wikipedia iOS app are looking for testers who edit in multiple languages. You can [[mw:Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/202112 testing|read more and let them know if you are interested]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The Wikimedia [[wikitech:Portal:Cloud VPS|Cloud VPS]] hosts technical projects for the Wikimedia movement. Developers need to [[wikitech:News/Cloud VPS 2021 Purge|claim projects]] they use. This is because old and unused projects are removed once a year. Unclaimed projects can be shut down from February. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/2B7KYL5VLQNHGQQHMYLW7KTUKXKAYY3T/] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/51|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2021-W51"/> </div> 22:06, 20 December 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=22465395 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/02|Tech News: 2022-02]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W02"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/02|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] A <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>oauth_consumer</code></bdi> variable has been added to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]] to enable identifying changes made by specific tools. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T298281] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] Gadgets are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/ResourceLoader/Migration_guide_(users)#Package_Gadgets|now able to directly include JSON pages]]. This means some gadgets can now be configured by administrators without needing the interface administrator permission, such as with the Geonotice gadget. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T198758] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] Gadgets [[mw:Extension:Gadgets#Options|can now specify page actions]] on which they are available. For example, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>|actions=edit,history</code></bdi> will load a gadget only while editing and on history pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T63007] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] Gadgets can now be loaded on demand with the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>withgadget</code></bdi> URL parameter. This can be used to replace [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Snippets/Load JS and CSS by URL|an earlier snippet]] that typically looks like <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>withJS</code></bdi> or <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>withCSS</code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T29766] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] At wikis where [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Communities/How to configure the mentors' list|the Mentorship system is configured]], you can now use the Action API to get a list of a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Mentor_dashboard|mentor's]] mentees. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T291966] * The heading on the main page can now be configured using <span class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">[[MediaWiki:Mainpage-title-loggedin]]</span> for logged-in users and <span class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">[[MediaWiki:Mainpage-title]]</span> for logged-out users. Any CSS that was previously used to hide the heading should be removed. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Small_wiki_toolkits/Starter_kit/Main_page_customization#hide-heading] [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T298715] * Four special pages (and their API counterparts) now have a maximum database query execution time of 30 seconds. These special pages are: RecentChanges, Watchlist, Contributions, and Log. This change will help with site performance and stability. You can read [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/IPJNO75HYAQWIGTHI5LJHTDVLVOC4LJP/ more details about this change] including some possible solutions if this affects your workflows. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T297708] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Features/Sticky Header|sticky header]] has been deployed for 50% of logged-in users on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Frequently asked questions#pilot-wikis|more than 10 wikis]]. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|Desktop Improvements]]. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Participate|how to take part in the project]]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/wmf.17|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-01-11|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-01-12|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-01-13|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Events''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2022|Community Wishlist Survey 2022]] begins. All contributors to the Wikimedia projects can propose for tools and platform improvements. The proposal phase takes place from {{#time:j xg|2022-01-10|en}} 18:00 UTC to {{#time:j xg|2022-01-23|en}} 18:00 UTC. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist_Survey/FAQ|Learn more]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/02|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W02"/> </div> 01:24, 11 January 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=22562156 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/03|Tech News: 2022-03]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W03"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/03|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * When using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:WikiEditor|WikiEditor]] (also known as the 2010 wikitext editor), people will now see a warning if they link to disambiguation pages. If you click "{{int:Disambiguator-review-link}}" in the warning, it will ask you to correct the link to a more specific term. You can [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Warn when linking to disambiguation pages#Jan 12, 2021: Turning on the changes for all Wikis|read more information]] about this completed 2021 Community Wishlist item. * You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#subscribe|automatically subscribe to all of the talk page discussions]] that you start or comment in using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary|DiscussionTools]]. You will receive [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Notifications|notifications]] when another editor replies. This is available at most wikis. Go to your [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion|Preferences]] and turn on "{{int:discussiontools-preference-autotopicsub}}". [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T263819] * When asked to create a new page or talk page section, input fields can be [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Creating_pages_with_preloaded_text|"preloaded" with some text]]. This feature is now limited to wikitext pages. This is so users can't be tricked into making malicious edits. There is a discussion about [[phab:T297725|if this feature should be re-enabled]] for some content types. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/wmf.18|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-01-18|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-01-19|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-01-20|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Events''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2022|Community Wishlist Survey 2022]] continues. All contributors to the Wikimedia projects can propose for tools and platform improvements. The proposal phase takes place from {{#time:j xg|2022-01-10|en}} 18:00 UTC to {{#time:j xg|2022-01-23|en}} 18:00 UTC. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist_Survey/FAQ|Learn more]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/03|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W03"/> </div> 19:55, 17 January 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=22620285 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/04|Tech News: 2022-04]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W04"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/04|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/wmf.19|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-01-25|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-01-26|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-01-27|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/Roadmap|calendar]]). * The following languages can now be used with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:SyntaxHighlight|syntax highlighting]]: BDD, Elpi, LilyPond, Maxima, Rita, Savi, Sed, Sophia, Spice, .SRCINFO. * You can now access your watchlist from outside of the user menu in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|new Vector skin]]. The watchlist link appears next to the notification icons if you are at the top of the page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T289619] '''Events''' * You can see the results of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|Coolest Tool Award 2021]] and learn more about 14 tools which were selected this year. * You can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist_Survey/Help_us|translate, promote]], or comment on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Proposals|the proposals]] in the Community Wishlist Survey. Voting will begin on {{#time:j xg|2022-01-28|en}}. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/04|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W04"/> </div> 21:38, 24 January 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=22644148 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/05|Tech News: 2022-05]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W05"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/05|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] If a gadget should support the new <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>?withgadget</code></bdi> URL parameter that was [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/02|announced]] 3 weeks ago, then it must now also specify <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>supportsUrlLoad</code></bdi> in the gadget definition ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets#supportsUrlLoad|documentation]]). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T29766] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/wmf.20|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-02-01|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-02-02|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-02-03|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * A change that was [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/16|announced]] last year was delayed. It is now ready to move ahead: ** The user group <code>oversight</code> will be renamed <code>suppress</code>. This is for [[phab:T109327|technical reasons]]. This is the technical name. It doesn't affect what you call the editors with this user right on your wiki. This is planned to happen in three weeks. You can comment [[phab:T112147|in Phabricator]] if you have objections. As usual, these labels can be translated on translatewiki ([[phab:T112147|direct links are available]]) or by administrators on your wiki. '''Events''' * You can vote on proposals in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2022|Community Wishlist Survey]] between 28 January and 11 February. The survey decides what the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Tech|Community Tech team]] will work on. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/05|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W05"/> </div> 17:42, 31 January 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=22721804 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/06|Tech News: 2022-06]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W06"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/06|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * English Wikipedia recently set up a gadget for dark mode. You can enable it there, or request help from an [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Interface administrators|interface administrator]] to set it up on your wiki ([[w:en:Wikipedia:Dark mode (gadget)|instructions and screenshot]]). * Category counts are sometimes wrong. They will now be completely recounted at the beginning of every month. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T299823] '''Problems''' * A code-change last week to fix a bug with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Live preview|Live Preview]] may have caused problems with some local gadgets and user-scripts. Any code with skin-specific behaviour for <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>vector</code></bdi> should be updated to also check for <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>vector-2022</code></bdi>. [[phab:T300987|A code-snippet, global search, and example are available]]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/wmf.21|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-02-08|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-02-09|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-02-10|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/06|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W06"/> </div> 21:16, 7 February 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=22765948 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/07|Tech News: 2022-07]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W07"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/07|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Purge|Purging]] a category page with fewer than 5,000 members will now recount it completely. This will allow editors to fix incorrect counts when it is wrong. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T85696] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/wmf.22|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-02-15|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-02-16|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-02-17|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] In the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]] extension, the <code dir=ltr>rmspecials()</code> function has been updated so that it does not remove the "space" character. Wikis are advised to wrap all the uses of <code dir=ltr>rmspecials()</code> with <code dir=ltr>rmwhitespace()</code> wherever necessary to keep filters' behavior unchanged. You can use the search function on [[Special:AbuseFilter]] to locate its usage. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T263024] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/07|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W07"/> </div> 19:19, 14 February 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=22821788 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/08|Tech News: 2022-08]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W08"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/08|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[Special:Nuke|Special:Nuke]] will now provide the standard deletion reasons (editable at <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[MediaWiki:Deletereason-dropdown]]</bdi>) to use when mass-deleting pages. This was [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Admins and patrollers/Mass-delete to offer drop-down of standard reasons, or templated reasons.|a request in the 2022 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T25020] * At Wikipedias, all new accounts now get the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature_summary|Growth features]] by default when creating an account. Communities are encouraged to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Account_creation|update their help resources]]. Previously, only 80% of new accounts would get the Growth features. A few Wikipedias remain unaffected by this change. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T301820] * You can now prevent specific images that are used in a page from appearing in other locations, such as within PagePreviews or Search results. This is done with the markup <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>class=notpageimage</nowiki></code></bdi>. For example, <code><nowiki>[[File:Example.png|class=notpageimage]]</nowiki></code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T301588] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] There has been a change to the HTML of Special:Contributions, Special:MergeHistory, and History pages, to support the grouping of changes by date in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Minerva_Neue|the mobile skin]]. While unlikely, this may affect gadgets and user scripts. A [[phab:T298638|list of all the HTML changes]] is on Phabricator. '''Events''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Results|Community Wishlist Survey results]] have been published. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Updates/2022 results#leaderboard|ranking of prioritized proposals]] is also available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/wmf.23|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-02-22|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-02-23|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-02-24|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * The software to play videos and audio files on pages will change soon on all wikis. The old player will be removed. Some audio players will become wider after this change. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:TimedMediaHandler/VideoJS_Player|The new player]] has been a beta feature for over four years. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T100106][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T248418] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Toolforge's underlying operating system is being updated. If you maintain any tools there, there are two options for migrating your tools into the new system. There are [[wikitech:News/Toolforge Stretch deprecation|details, deadlines, and instructions]] on Wikitech. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/cloud-announce@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/EPJFISC52T7OOEFH5YYMZNL57O4VGSPR/] * Administrators will soon have [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/(Un)delete associated talk page|the option to delete/undelete]] the associated "talk" page when they are deleting a given page. An API endpoint with this option will also be available. This was [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Admins and patrollers/(Un)delete associated talk page|a request from the 2021 Wishlist Survey]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/08|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W08"/> </div> 19:12, 21 February 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=22847768 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/09|Tech News: 2022-09]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W09"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/09|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * When searching for edits by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Tags|change tags]], e.g. in page history or user contributions, there is now a dropdown list of possible tags. This was [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Miscellaneous/Improve plain-text change tag selector|a request in the 2022 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T27909] * Mentors using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Mentor_dashboard|Growth Mentor dashboard]] will now see newcomers assigned to them who have made at least one edit, up to 200 edits. Previously, all newcomers assigned to the mentor were visible on the dashboard, even ones without any edit or ones who made hundred of edits. Mentors can still change these values using the filters on their dashboard. Also, the last choice of filters will now be saved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T301268][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T294460] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The user group <code>oversight</code> was renamed <code>suppress</code>. This is for [[phab:T109327|technical reasons]]. You may need to update any local references to the old name, e.g. gadgets, links to Special:Listusers, or uses of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic_words|NUMBERINGROUP]]. '''Problems''' * The recent change to the HTML of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Tracking changes|tracking changes]] pages caused some problems for screenreaders. This is being fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T298638] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/wmf.24|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-03-01|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-03-02|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-03-03|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * Working with templates will become easier. [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Templates|Several improvements]] are planned for March 9 on most wikis and on March 16 on English Wikipedia. The improvements include: Bracket matching, syntax highlighting colors, finding and inserting templates, and related visual editor features. * If you are a template developer or an interface administrator, and you are intentionally overriding or using the default CSS styles of user feedback boxes (the classes: <code dir=ltr>successbox, messagebox, errorbox, warningbox</code>), please note that these classes and associated CSS will soon be removed from MediaWiki core. This is to prevent problems when the same class-names are also used on a wiki. Please let us know by commenting at [[phab:T300314]] if you think you might be affected. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/09|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W09"/> </div> 23:00, 28 February 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=22902593 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/10|Tech News: 2022-10]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W10"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/10|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * There was a problem with some interface labels last week. It will be fixed this week. This change was part of ongoing work to simplify the support for skins which do not have active maintainers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T301203] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/wmf.25|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-03-08|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-03-09|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-03-10|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/10|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W10"/> </div> 21:16, 7 March 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=22958074 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/11|Tech News: 2022-11]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W11"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/11|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * In the Wikipedia Android app [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Android/Communication#Updates|it is now possible]] to change the toolbar at the bottom so the tools you use more often are easier to click on. The app now also has a focused reading mode. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T296753][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T254771] '''Problems''' * There was a problem with the collection of some page-view data from June 2021 to January 2022 on all wikis. This means the statistics are incomplete. To help calculate which projects and regions were most affected, relevant datasets are being retained for 30 extra days. You can [[m:Talk:Data_retention_guidelines#Added_exception_for_page_views_investigation|read more on Meta-wiki]]. * There was a problem with the databases on March 10. All wikis were unreachable for logged-in users for 12 minutes. Logged-out users could read pages but could not edit or access uncached content then. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incident_documentation/2022-03-10_MediaWiki_availability] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/wmf.26|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-03-15|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-03-16|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-03-17|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/Roadmap|calendar]]). * When [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:System_message#Finding_messages_and_documentation|using <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>uselang=qqx</code></bdi> to find localisation messages]], it will now show all possible message keys for navigation tabs such as "{{int:vector-view-history}}". [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T300069] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Access to [[{{#special:RevisionDelete}}]] has been expanded to include users who have <code dir=ltr>deletelogentry</code> and <code dir=ltr>deletedhistory</code> rights through their group memberships. Before, only those with the <code dir=ltr>deleterevision</code> right could access this special page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T301928] * On the [[{{#special:Undelete}}]] pages for diffs and revisions, there will be a link back to the main Undelete page with the list of revisions. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T284114] '''Future changes''' * The Wikimedia Foundation has announced the IP Masking implementation strategy and next steps. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation#feb25|announcement can be read here]]. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Android FAQ|Wikipedia Android app]] developers are working on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/Communication|new functions]] for user talk pages and article talk pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T297617] '''Events''' * The [[mw:Wikimedia Hackathon 2022|Wikimedia Hackathon 2022]] will take place as a hybrid event on 20-22 May 2022. The Hackathon will be held online and there are grants available to support local in-person meetups around the world. Grants can be requested until 20 March. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/11|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W11"/> </div> 22:08, 14 March 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=22993074 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/12|Tech News: 2022-12]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W12"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/12|Translations]] are available. '''New code release schedule for this week''' * There will be four MediaWiki releases this week, instead of just one. This is an experiment which should lead to fewer problems and to faster feature updates. The releases will be on all wikis, at different times, on Monday, Tuesday, and Wednesday. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Release Engineering Team/Trainsperiment week|read more about this project]]. '''Recent changes''' * You can now set how many search results to show by default in [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-searchoptions|your Preferences]]. This was the 12th most popular wish in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Results|Community Wishlist Survey 2022]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T215716] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The Jupyter notebooks tool [[wikitech:PAWS|PAWS]] has been updated to a new interface. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T295043] '''Future changes''' * Interactive maps via [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] will soon work on wikis using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:FlaggedRevs|FlaggedRevisions]] extension. [https://wikimedia.sslsurvey.de/Kartographer-Workflows-EN/ Please tell us] which improvements you want to see in Kartographer. You can take this survey in simple English. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Geoinformation] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/12|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W12"/> </div> 16:01, 21 March 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23034693 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/13|Tech News: 2022-13]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W13"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/13|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * There is a simple new Wikimedia Commons upload tool available for macOS users, [[c:Commons:Sunflower|Sunflower]]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.5|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-03-29|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-03-30|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-03-31|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of regular database maintenance. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-03-29|en}} at 7:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s3.dblist targeted wikis]) and on {{#time:j xg|2022-03-31|en}} at 7:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s5.dblist targeted wikis]). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T301850][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T303798] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/13|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W13"/> </div> 19:55, 28 March 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23073711 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/14|Tech News: 2022-14]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W14"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/14|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * For a few days last week, edits that were suggested to newcomers were not tagged in the [[{{#special:recentchanges}}]] feed. This bug has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304747] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.6|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-04-05|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-04-06|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-04-07|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-04-07|en}} at 7:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s4.dblist targeted wikis]). '''Future changes''' * Starting next week, Tech News' title will be translatable. When the newsletter is distributed, its title may not be <code dir=ltr>Tech News: 2022-14</code> anymore. It may affect some filters that have been set up by some communities. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T302920] * Over the next few months, the "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" Growth feature [[phab:T304110|will become available to more Wikipedias]]. Each week, a few wikis will get the feature. You can test this tool at [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth#deploymentstable|a few wikis where "Link recommendation" is already available]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/14|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W14"/> </div> 21:01, 4 April 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23097604 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-15</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W15"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/15|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * There is a new public status page at <span class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">[https://www.wikimediastatus.net/ www.wikimediastatus.net]</span>. This site shows five automated high-level metrics where you can see the overall health and performance of our wikis' technical environment. It also contains manually-written updates for widespread incidents, which are written as quickly as the engineers are able to do so while also fixing the actual problem. The site is separated from our production infrastructure and hosted by an external service, so that it can be accessed even if the wikis are briefly unavailable. You can [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2022/03/31/announcing-www-wikimediastatus-net/ read more about this project]. * On Wiktionary wikis, the software to play videos and audio files on pages has now changed. The old player has been removed. Some audio players will become wider after this change. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:TimedMediaHandler/VideoJS_Player|The new player]] has been a beta feature for over four years. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T100106][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T248418] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.7|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-04-12|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-04-13|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-04-14|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/15|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W15"/> </div> 19:45, 11 April 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23124108 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-16</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W16"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/16|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.8|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-04-19|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-04-20|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-04-21|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-04-19|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s7.dblist targeted wikis]) and on {{#time:j xg|2022-04-21|en}} at 7:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s8.dblist targeted wikis]). * Administrators will now have [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2021/(Un)delete associated talk page|the option to delete/undelete the associated "Talk" page]] when they are deleting a given page. An API endpoint with this option is also available. This concludes the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Admins and patrollers/(Un)delete associated talk page|11th wish of the 2021 Community Wishlist Survey]]. * On [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements#test-wikis|selected wikis]], 50% of logged-in users will see the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Features/Table of contents|table of contents]]. When scrolling up and down the page, the table of contents will stay in the same place on the screen. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|Desktop Improvements]] project. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304169] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Message boxes produced by MediaWiki code will no longer have these CSS classes: <code dir=ltr>successbox</code>, <code dir=ltr>errorbox</code>, <code dir=ltr>warningbox</code>. The styles for those classes and <code dir=ltr>messagebox</code> will be removed from MediaWiki core. This only affects wikis that use these classes in wikitext, or change their appearance within site-wide CSS. Please review any local usage and definitions for these classes you may have. This was previously announced in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/09|28 February issue of Tech News]]. '''Future changes''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] will become compatible with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:FlaggedRevs|FlaggedRevisions page stabilization]]. Kartographer maps will also work on pages with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Pending changes|pending changes]]. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Geoinformation#Project_descriptions] The Kartographer documentation has been thoroughly updated. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer/Getting_started] [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/Maps] [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/16|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W16"/> </div> 23:12, 18 April 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23167004 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-17</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W17"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/17|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * On [https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/dblists/group1.dblist many wikis] (group 1), the software to play videos and audio files on pages has now changed. The old player has been removed. Some audio players will become wider after this change. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:TimedMediaHandler/VideoJS_Player|The new player]] has been a beta feature for over four years. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T100106][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T248418] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.9|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-04-26|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-04-27|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-04-28|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-04-26|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s2.dblist targeted wikis]). * Some very old browsers and operating systems are no longer supported. Some things on the wikis might look weird or not work in very old browsers like Internet Explorer 9 or 10, Android 4, or Firefox 38 or older. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T306486] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/17|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W17"/> </div> 22:56, 25 April 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23187115 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-18</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W18"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/18|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * On [https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/dblists/group2.dblist all remaining wikis] (group 2), the software to play videos and audio files on pages has now changed. The old player has been removed. Some audio players will become wider after this change. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:TimedMediaHandler/VideoJS_Player|The new player]] has been a beta feature for over four years. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T100106][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T248418] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.10|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-05-03|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-05-04|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-05-05|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * The developers are working on talk pages in the [[mw:Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS|Wikipedia app for iOS]]. You can [https://wikimedia.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_9GBcHczQGLbQWTY give feedback]. You can take the survey in English, German, Hebrew or Chinese. * [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/VisualEditor_template_dialog_improvements#Status_and_next_steps|Most wikis]] will receive an [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/VisualEditor_template_dialog_improvements|improved template dialog]] in VisualEditor and New Wikitext mode. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T296759] [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T306967] * If you use syntax highlighting while editing wikitext, you can soon activate a [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Improved_Color_Scheme_of_Syntax_Highlighting#Color-blind_mode|colorblind-friendly color scheme]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T306867] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Several CSS IDs related to MediaWiki interface messages will be removed. Technical editors should please [[phab:T304363|review the list of IDs and links to their existing uses]]. These include <code dir=ltr>#mw-anon-edit-warning</code>, <code dir=ltr>#mw-undelete-revision</code> and 3 others. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/18|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W18"/> </div> 19:34, 2 মে' 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23232924 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-19</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W19"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/19|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * You can now see categories in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android|Wikipedia app for Android]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T73966] '''Problems''' * Last week, there was a problem with Wikidata's search autocomplete. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T307586] * Last week, all wikis had slow access or no access for 20 minutes, for logged-in users and non-cached pages. This was caused by a problem with a database change. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T307647] '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T305217#7894966] * [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Geoinformation#Current issues|Incompatibility issues]] with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] and the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:FlaggedRevs|FlaggedRevs extension]] will be fixed: Deployment is planned for May 10 on all wikis. Kartographer will then be enabled on the [[phab:T307348|five wikis which have not yet enabled the extension]] on May 24. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|Vector (2022)]] skin will be set as the default on several more wikis, including Arabic and Catalan Wikipedias. Logged-in users will be able to switch back to the old Vector (2010). See the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Updates/2022-04 for the largest wikis|latest update]] about Vector (2022). '''Future meetings''' * The next [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Updates/Talk to Web|open meeting with the Web team]] about Vector (2022) will take place on 17 May. The following meetings are currently planned for: 7 June, 21 June, 5 July, 19 July. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/19|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W19"/> </div> 15:23, 9 মে' 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23256717 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-20</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W20"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/20|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * Some wikis can soon use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|add a link]] feature. This will start on Wednesday. The wikis are {{int:project-localized-name-cawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ptwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-simplewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-svwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ukwiki/en}}. This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304542] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2022|Wikimedia Hackathon 2022]] will take place online on May 20–22. It will be in English. There are also local [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2022/Meetups|hackathon meetups]] in Germany, Ghana, Greece, India, Nigeria and the United States. Technically interested Wikimedians can work on software projects and learn new skills. You can also host a session or post a project you want to work on. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.12|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-05-17|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-05-18|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-05-19|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * You can soon edit translatable pages in the visual editor. Translatable pages exist on for examples Meta and Commons. [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2022/05/12/mediawiki-1-38-brings-support-for-editing-translatable-pages-with-the-visual-editor/] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/20|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W20"/> </div> 18:58, 16 মে' 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23291515 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-21</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W21"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/21|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Administrators using the mobile web interface can now access Special:Block directly from user pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T307341] * The <span class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">[https://www.wiktionary.org/ www.wiktionary.org]</span> portal page now uses an automated update system. Other [[m:Project_portals|project portals]] will be updated over the next few months. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304629] '''Problems''' * The Growth team maintains a mentorship program for newcomers. Previously, newcomers weren't able to opt out from the program. Starting May 19, 2022, newcomers are able to fully opt out from Growth mentorship, in case they do not wish to have any mentor at all. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T287915] * Some editors cannot access the content translation tool if they load it by clicking from the contributions menu. This problem is being worked on. It should still work properly if accessed directly via Special:ContentTranslation. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308802] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.13|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-05-24|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-05-25|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-05-26|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Gadget and user scripts developers are invited to give feedback on a [[mw:User:Jdlrobson/Extension:Gadget/Policy|proposed technical policy]] aiming to improve support from MediaWiki developers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308686] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/21|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W21"/> </div> 00:21, 24 May 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23317250 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-22</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W22"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/22|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] In the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]] extension, an <code dir=ltr>ip_in_ranges()</code> function has been introduced to check if an IP is in any of the ranges. Wikis are advised to combine multiple <code dir=ltr>ip_in_range()</code> expressions joined by <code>|</code> into a single expression for better performance. You can use the search function on [[Special:AbuseFilter|Special:AbuseFilter]] to locate its usage. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T305017] * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/IP Info feature|IP Info feature]] which helps abuse fighters access information about IPs, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/IP Info feature#May 24, 2022|has been deployed]] to all wikis as a beta feature. This comes after weeks of beta testing on test.wikipedia.org. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.14|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-05-31|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-06-01|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-06-02|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-05-31|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s5.dblist targeted wikis]). * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#New topic tool|New Topic Tool]] will be deployed for all editors at most wikis soon. You will be able to opt out from within the tool and in [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion|Preferences]]. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Talk_pages_project/New_discussion][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T287804] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The [[:mw:Special:ApiHelp/query+usercontribs|list=usercontribs API]] will support fetching contributions from an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Range blocks#Non-technical explanation|IP range]] soon. API users can set the <code>uciprange</code> parameter to get contributions from any IP range within [[:mw:Manual:$wgRangeContributionsCIDRLimit|the limit]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T177150] * A new parser function will be introduced: <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{{=}}</nowiki></code></bdi>. It will replace existing templates named "=". It will insert an [[w:en:Equals sign|equal sign]]. This can be used to escape the equal sign in the parameter values of templates. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T91154] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/22|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W22"/> </div> 20:29, 30 May 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23340178 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-23</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W23"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/23|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.15|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-06-07|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-06-08|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-06-09|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] A new <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>str_replace_regexp()</code></bdi> function can be used in [[Special:AbuseFilter|abuse filters]] to replace parts of text using a [[w:en:Regular expression|regular expression]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T285468] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/23|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W23"/> </div> 02:46, 7 June 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23366979 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-24</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W24"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/24|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * All wikis can now use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] maps. Kartographer maps now also work on pages with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Pending changes|pending changes]]. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Geoinformation#Project_descriptions][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T307348] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.16|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-06-14|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-06-15|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-06-16|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-06-14|en}} at 06:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s6.dblist targeted wikis]). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T300471] * Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" ({{int:project-localized-name-abwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-acewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-adywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-afwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-akwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-alswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-amwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-anwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-angwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-arcwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-arzwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-astwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-atjwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-avwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-aywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-azwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-azbwiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304548] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#New topic tool|New Topic Tool]] will be deployed for all editors at Commons, Wikidata, and some other wikis soon. You will be able to opt out from within the tool and in [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion|Preferences]]. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Talk_pages_project/New_discussion][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T287804] '''Future meetings''' * The next [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Updates/Talk to Web|open meeting with the Web team]] about Vector (2022) will take place today (13 June). The following meetings will take place on: 28 June, 12 July, 26 July. '''Future changes''' * By the end of July, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|Vector 2022]] skin should be ready to become the default across all wikis. Discussions on how to adjust it to the communities' needs will begin in the next weeks. It will always be possible to revert to the previous version on an individual basis. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Updates/2022-04 for the largest wikis|Learn more]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/24|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W24"/> </div> 16:59, 13 June 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23389956 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-25</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W25"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/25|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android|Wikipedia App for Android]] now has an option for editing the whole page at once, located in the overflow menu (three-dots menu [[File:Ic more vert 36px.svg|15px|link=|alt=]]). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T103622] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Some recent database changes may affect queries using the [[m:Research:Quarry|Quarry tool]]. Queries for <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>site_stats</code></bdi> at English Wikipedia, Commons, and Wikidata will need to be updated. [[phab:T306589|Read more]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] A new <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>user_global_editcount</code></bdi> variable can be used in [[Special:AbuseFilter|abuse filters]] to avoid affecting globally active users. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T130439] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.17|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-06-21|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-06-22|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-06-23|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Users of non-responsive skins (e.g. MonoBook or Vector) on mobile devices may notice a slight change in the default zoom level. This is intended to optimize zooming and ensure all interface elements are present on the page (for example the table of contents on Vector 2022). In the unlikely event this causes any problems with how you use the site, we'd love to understand better, please ping <span class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Jon (WMF)|Jon (WMF)]]</span> to any on-wiki conversations. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T306910] '''Future changes''' * The Beta Feature for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] will be updated throughout July. Discussions will look different. You can see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability/Prototype|some of the proposed changes]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Parsoid's HTML output will soon stop annotating file links with different <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>typeof</code></bdi> attribute values, and instead use <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mw:File</code></bdi> for all types. Tool authors should adjust any code that expects: <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mw:Image</code></bdi>, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mw:Audio</code></bdi>, or <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mw:Video</code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T273505] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/25|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W25"/> </div> 20:18, 20 June 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23425855 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-26</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W26"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/26|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise|Wikimedia Enterprise]] API service now has self-service accounts with free on-demand requests and monthly snapshots ([https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/docs/ API documentation]). Community access [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise/FAQ#community-access|via database dumps & Wikimedia Cloud Services]] continues. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Wiktionary#lua|All Wikimedia wikis can now use Wikidata Lexemes in Lua]] after creating local modules and templates. Discussions are welcome [[d:Wikidata_talk:Lexicographical_data#You_can_now_reuse_Wikidata_Lexemes_on_all_wikis|on the project talk page]]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.18|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-06-28|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-06-29|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-06-30|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-06-28|en}} at 06:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s7.dblist targeted wikis]). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T311033] * Some global and cross-wiki services will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-06-30|en}} at 06:00 UTC. This will impact ContentTranslation, Echo, StructuredDiscussions, Growth experiments and a few more services. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T300472] * Users will be able to sort columns within sortable tables in the mobile skin. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T233340] '''Future meetings''' * The next [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Updates/Talk to Web|open meeting with the Web team]] about Vector (2022) will take place tomorrow (28 June). The following meetings will take place on 12 July and 26 July. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/26|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W26"/> </div> 20:03, 27 June 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23453785 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-27</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W27"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/27|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.19|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-07-05|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-07-06|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-07-07|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-07-05|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s6.dblist targeted wikis]) and on {{#time:j xg|2022-07-07|en}} at 7:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s4.dblist targeted wikis]). * The Beta Feature for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] will be updated throughout July. Discussions will look different. You can see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability/Prototype|some of the proposed changes]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=| Advanced item]] This change only affects pages in the main namespace in Wikisource. The Javascript config variable <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>proofreadpage_source_href</code></bdi> will be removed from <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Interface/JavaScript#mw.config|mw.config]]</code></bdi> and be replaced with the variable <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>prpSourceIndexPage</code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T309490] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/27|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W27"/> </div> 19:32, 4 July 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23466250 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-28</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W28"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/28|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * In the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|Vector 2022 skin]], the page title is now displayed above the tabs such as Discussion, Read, Edit, View history, or More. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Updates#Page title/tabs switch|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T303549] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] It is now possible to easily view most of the configuration settings that apply to just one wiki, and to compare settings between two wikis if those settings are different. For example: [https://noc.wikimedia.org/wiki.php?wiki=jawiktionary Japanese Wiktionary settings], or [https://noc.wikimedia.org/wiki.php?wiki=eswiki&compare=eowiki settings that are different between the Spanish and Esperanto Wikipedias]. Local communities may want to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting_wiki_configuration_changes|discuss and propose changes]] to their local settings. Details about each of the named settings can be found by [[mw:Special:Search|searching MediaWiki.org]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308932] *The Anti-Harassment Tools team [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/IP Info feature#May|recently deployed]] the IP Info Feature as a [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Beta Feature at all wikis]]. This feature allows abuse fighters to access information about IP addresses. Please check our update on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/IP Info feature#April|how to find and use the tool]]. Please share your feedback using a link you will be given within the tool itself. '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-07-12|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s3.dblist targeted wikis]). '''Future changes''' * The Beta Feature for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] will be updated throughout July. Discussions will look different. You can see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability/Prototype|some of the proposed changes]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/28|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W28"/> </div> 19:25, 11 July 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23502519 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-29</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W29"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/29|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * The feature on mobile web for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:NearbyPages|Nearby Pages]] was missing last week. It will be fixed this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T312864] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.21|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-07-19|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-07-20|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-07-21|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * The [[mw:Technical_decision_making/Forum|Technical Decision Forum]] is seeking [[mw:Technical_decision_making/Community_representation|community representatives]]. You can apply on wiki or by emailing <span class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">TDFSupport@wikimedia.org</span> before 12 August. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/29|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W29"/> </div> 23:00, 18 July 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23517957 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-30</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W30"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/30|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The <span class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">[https://www.wikibooks.org/ www.wikibooks.org]</span> and <span class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">[https://www.wikiquote.org/ www.wikiquote.org]</span> portal pages now use an automated update system. Other [[m:Project_portals|project portals]] will be updated over the next few months. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T273179] '''Problems''' * Last week, some wikis were in read-only mode for a few minutes because of an emergency switch of their main database ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s7.dblist targeted wikis]). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T313383] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.22|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-07-26|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-07-27|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-07-28|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]). * The external link icon will change slightly in the skins Vector legacy and Vector 2022. The new icon uses simpler shapes to be more recognizable on low-fidelity screens. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T261391] * Administrators will now see buttons on user pages for "{{int:changeblockip}}" and "{{int:unblockip}}" instead of just "{{int:blockip}}" if the user is already blocked. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308570] '''Future meetings''' * The next [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Updates/Talk to Web|open meeting with the Web team]] about Vector (2022) will take place tomorrow (26 July). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/30|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W30"/> </div> 19:27, 25 July 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23545370 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-31</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W31"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/31|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Improved [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Displaying_a_formula#Phantom|LaTeX capabilities for math rendering]] are now available in the wikis thanks to supporting <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>Phantom</code></bdi> tags. This completes part of [[m:Community_Wishlist_Survey_2022/Editing/Missing_LaTeX_capabilities_for_math_rendering|the #59 wish]] of the 2022 Community Wishlist Survey. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.23|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-08-02|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-08-03|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-08-04|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]). * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:WikiEditor/Realtime_Preview|Realtime Preview]] will be available as a Beta Feature on wikis in [https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists%2Fgroup0.dblist Group 0]. This feature was built in order to fulfill [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist_Survey_2021/Real_Time_Preview_for_Wikitext|one of the Community Wishlist Survey proposals]]. '''Future changes''' * The Beta Feature for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] will be updated throughout August. Discussions will look different. You can see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability/Prototype|some of the proposed changes]]. '''Future meetings''' * This week, three meetings about [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|Vector (2022)]] with live interpretation will take place. On Tuesday, interpretation in Russian will be provided. On Thursday, meetings for Arabic and Spanish speakers will take place. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Updates/Talk to Web|See how to join]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/31|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W31"/> </div> 21:22, 1 August 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23615613 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-32</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W32"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/32|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Meta:GUS2Wiki/Script|GUS2Wiki]] copies the information from [[{{#special:GadgetUsage}}]] to an on-wiki page so you can review its history. If your project isn't already listed on the [[d:Q113143828|Wikidata entry for Project:GUS2Wiki]] you can either run GUS2Wiki yourself or [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Meta:GUS2Wiki/Script#Opting|make a request to receive updates]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T121049] '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-08-09|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s5.dblist targeted wikis]) and on {{#time:j xg|2022-08-11|en}} at 7:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s2.dblist targeted wikis]). '''Future meetings''' * The [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/Hackathon|Wikimania Hackathon]] will take place online from August 12–14. Don't miss [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/Hackathon/Schedule|the pre-hacking showcase]] to learn about projects and find collaborators. Anyone can [[phab:/project/board/6030/|propose a project]] or [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/Hackathon/Schedule|host a session]]. [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/Hackathon/Newcomers|Newcomers are welcome]]! '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/32|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W32"/> </div> 19:50, 8 August 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23627807 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-33</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W33"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/33|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The Persian (Farsi) Wikipedia community decided to block IP editing from October 2021 to April 2022. The Wikimedia Foundation's Product Analytics team tracked the impact of this change. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/IP Editing Restriction Study/Farsi Wikipedia|An impact report]] is now available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.25|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-08-16|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-08-17|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-08-18|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-08-16|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s1.dblist targeted wikis]) and on {{#time:j xg|2022-08-18|en}} at 7:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s8.dblist targeted wikis]). * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:WikiEditor/Realtime_Preview|Realtime Preview]] will be available as a Beta Feature on wikis in [https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists%2Fgroup1.dblist Group 1]. This feature was built in order to fulfill [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist_Survey_2021/Real_Time_Preview_for_Wikitext|one of the Community Wishlist Survey proposals]]. '''Future changes''' * The Beta Feature for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] will be updated throughout August. Discussions will look different. You can see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability/Prototype|some of the proposed changes]]. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Talk_pages_project/Usability#4_August_2022][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Talk_pages_project/Usability#Phase_1:_Topic_containers][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T312672] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/33|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W33"/> </div> 21:09, 15 August 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23658001 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-34</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W34"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/34|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Two problems with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] maps have been fixed. Maps are no longer shown as empty when a geoline was created via VisualEditor. Geolines consisting of points with QIDs (e.g., subway lines) are no longer shown with pushpins. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T292613][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308560] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.26|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-08-23|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-08-24|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-08-25|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-08-25|en}} at 7:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s4.dblist targeted wikis]). * The colours of links and visited links will change. This is to make the difference between links and other text more clear. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T213778] '''Future changes''' * The new [{{int:discussiontools-topicsubscription-button-subscribe}}] button [[mw:Talk pages project/Notifications#12 August 2022|helps newcomers get answers]]. The Editing team is enabling this tool everywhere. You can turn it off in [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion|your preferences]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T284489] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/34|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W34"/> </div> 00:13, 23 August 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23675501 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-35</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W35"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/35|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:WikiEditor/Realtime_Preview|Realtime Preview]] is available as a Beta Feature on wikis in [https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists%2Fgroup2.dblist Group 2]. This feature was built in order to fulfill [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist_Survey_2021/Real_Time_Preview_for_Wikitext|one of the Community Wishlist Survey proposals]]. Please note that when this Beta feature is enabled, it may cause conflicts with some wiki-specific Gadgets. '''Problems''' * In recent months, there have been inaccurate numbers shown for various [[{{#special:statistics}}]] at Commons, Wikidata, and English Wikipedia. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T315693] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.27|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-08-30|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-08-31|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-09-01|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-08-30|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s6.dblist targeted wikis]) and on {{#time:j xg|2022-09-01|en}} at 7:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s7.dblist targeted wikis]). '''Future changes''' * The Wikimedia Foundation wants to improve how Wikimedia communities report harmful incidents by building the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Private Incident Reporting System|Private Incident Reporting System (PIRS)]] to make it easy and safe for users to make reports. You can leave comments on the talk page, by answering the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Private Incident Reporting System#Phase 1|questions provided]]. If you have ever faced a harmful situation that you wanted to report/reported, join a PIRS interview to share your experience. To sign up [[m:Special:EmailUser/MAna_(WMF)|please email]] <span class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:MAna (WMF)|Madalina Ana]]</span>. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/35|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W35"/> </div> 23:06, 29 August 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23725814 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-36</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W36"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/36|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.28|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-09-06|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-09-07|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-09-08|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-09-06|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s1.dblist targeted wikis]) and on {{#time:j xg|2022-09-08|en}} at 7:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s3.dblist targeted wikis]). * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] On Special pages that only have one tab, the tab-bar's row will be hidden in the Vector-2022 skin to save space. The row will still show if Gadgets use it. Gadgets that currently append directly to the CSS id of <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>#p-namespaces</code></bdi> should be updated to use the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>[[mw:ResourceLoader/Core_modules#addPortletLink|mw.util.addPortletLink]]</code></bdi> function instead. Gadgets that style this id should consider also targeting <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>#p-associated-pages</code></bdi>, the new id for this row. [[phab:T316908|Examples are available]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T316908][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T313409] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/36|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W36"/> </div> 23:22, 5 September 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23757743 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-37</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W37"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/37|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The search servers have been upgraded to a new major version. If you notice any issues with searching, please report them on [[phab:project/view/1849/|Phabricator]]. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/XPCTYYTN67FVFKN6XOHULJVGUO44J662] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.1|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-09-13|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-09-14|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-09-15|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:SyntaxHighlight|Syntax highlighting]] is now tracked as an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:$wgExpensiveParserFunctionLimit|expensive parser function]]. Only 500 expensive function calls can be used on a single page. Pages that exceed the limit are added to a [[:Category:{{MediaWiki:expensive-parserfunction-category}}|tracking category]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T316858] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/37|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W37"/> </div> 01:50, 13 September 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23787318 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-38</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W38"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/38|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Two database fields in the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>templatelinks</nowiki></code></bdi> table are now being dropped: <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>tl_namespace</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>tl_title</nowiki></code></bdi>. Any queries that rely on these fields need to be changed to use the new normalization field called <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>tl_target_id</nowiki></code></bdi>. See <span class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">[[phab:T299417|T299417]]</span> for more information. This is part of [[w:Database normalization|normalization]] of links tables. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/U2U6TXIBABU3KDCVUOITIGI5OJ4COBSW/][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/User:ASarabadani_(WMF)/Database_for_devs_toolkit/Concepts/Normalization] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.2|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-09-20|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-09-21|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-09-22|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). * In [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] maps, you can use icons on markers for common points of interest. On Tuesday, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer/Icons|previous icon set]] will be updated to [https://de.wikipedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Hilfe:Extension:Kartographer/Icons version maki 7.2]. That means, around 100 new icons will be available. Additionally, all existing icons were updated for clarity and to make them work better in international contexts. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T302861][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Geoinformation#Update_maki_icons] '''Future changes''' * In a [[m:Content_Partnerships_Hub/Software/Volunteer_developers_discussion_at_Wikimania_2022|group discussion at Wikimania]], more than 30 people talked about how to make content partnership software in the Wikimedia movement more sustainable. What kind of support is acceptable for volunteer developers? Read the summary and [[m:Talk:Content Partnerships Hub/Software/Volunteer developers discussion at Wikimania 2022|leave your feedback]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/38|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W38"/> </div> <span class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</span> 22:16, 19 September 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23826293 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-39</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W39"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/39|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Parsoid clients should be updated to allow for space-separated multi-values in the <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr"><code>rel</code></bdi> attribute of links. Further details are in <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[phab:T315209|T315209]]</bdi>. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.3|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-09-27|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-09-28|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-09-29|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Diffs|Visual diffs]] will become available to all users, except at the Wiktionaries and Wikipedias. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T314588] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#Mobile|Talk pages on the mobile site]] will change at the Arabic, Bangla, Chinese, French, Haitian Creole, Hebrew, Korean, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. They should be easier to use and provide more information. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T318302] [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Talk_pages_project/Mobile] * In the [[mw:Lua/Scripting|{{ns:828}}]] namespace, pages ending with <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr"><code>.json</code></bdi> will be treated as JSON, just like they already are in the {{ns:2}} and {{ns:8}} namespaces. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T144475] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/39|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W39"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:30, 27 September 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23860085 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-40</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W40"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/40|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] maps can now show geopoints from Wikidata, via QID or SPARQL query. Previously, this was only possible for geoshapes and geolines. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T307695] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Geoinformation/Geopoints_via_QID] * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest_Tool_Award|Coolest Tool Award 2022]] is looking for nominations. You can recommend tools until 12 October. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.4|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-10-04|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-10-05|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-10-06|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#Mobile|Talk pages on the mobile site]] will change at the Arabic, Bangla, Chinese, French, Haitian Creole, Hebrew, Korean, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. They should be easier to use and provide more information. (Last week's release was delayed) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T318302] [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Talk_pages_project/Mobile] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>scribunto-console</code></bdi> API module will require a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Tokens|CSRF token]]. This module is documented as internal and use of it is not supported. [[phab:T212071|[5]]] * The Vector 2022 skin will become the default across the smallest Wikimedia projects. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements#Deployment_plan_and_timeline|Learn more]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/40|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W40"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:24, 4 October 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23885489 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-41</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W41"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/41|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.5|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-10-11|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-10-12|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-10-13|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]). * On some wikis, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] maps in full size view will be able to display nearby articles. After a feedback period, more wikis will follow. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T316782][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Geoinformation/Nearby_articles] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/41|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W41"/> </div> 14:09, 10 October 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23912412 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-42</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W42"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/42|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The recently implemented feature of [[phab:T306883|article thumbnails in Special:Search]] will be limited to Wikipedia projects only. Further details are in [[phab:T320510|T320510]]. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Structured_Data_Across_Wikimedia/Search_Improvements] * A bug that caused problems in loading article thumbnails in Special:Search has been fixed. Further details are in [[phab:T320406|T320406]]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.6|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-10-18|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-10-19|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-10-20|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Lua module authors can use <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua_reference_manual#mw.loadJsonData|mw.loadJsonData()]]</code></bdi> to load data from JSON pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T217500] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Lua module authors can enable <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua_reference_manual#Strict_library|require( "strict" )]]</code></bdi> to add errors for some possible code problems. This replaces "[[wikidata:Q16748603|Module:No globals]]" on most wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T209310] '''Future changes''' * The [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Beta Feature]] for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] will be updated at most wikis. The "{{int:discussiontools-replylink}}" button will look different after this change. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T320683] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/42|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W42"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:46, 17 October 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23943992 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-43</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W43"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/43|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * There have been some minor visual fixes in Special:Search, regarding audio player alignment and image placeholder height. Further details are in [[phab:T319230|T319230]]. * On Wikipedias, a new [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-searchoptions|preference]] has been added to hide article thumbnails in Special:Search. Full details are in [[phab:T320337|T320337]]. '''Problems''' * Last week, three wikis ({{int:project-localized-name-frwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-jawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ruwiki/en}}) had read-only access for 25 minutes. This was caused by a hardware problem. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T320990] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.7|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-10-25|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-10-26|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-10-27|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-10-25|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s5.dblist targeted wikis]) and on {{#time:j xg|2022-10-27|en}} at 7:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s4.dblist targeted wikis]). * Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" ({{int:project-localized-name-aswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-banwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-barwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bat smgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bclwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-be x oldwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bhwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-biwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bjnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bmwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bpywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-brwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bugwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bxrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-idwiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304549] * Starting on Wednesday October 26, 2022, the list of mentors will be upgraded [[d:Q14339834 | at wikis where Growth mentorship is available]]. The mentorship system will continue to work as it does now. The signup process [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Communities/How to configure the mentors' list#add|will be replaced]], and a new management option will be provided. Also, this change simplifies [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Communities/How to configure the mentors' list#create|the creation of mentorship systems at Wikipedias]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T314858][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T310905][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Structured_mentor_list] * Pages with titles that start with a lower-case letter according to Unicode 11 will be renamed or deleted. There is a list of affected pages at <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:Unicode 11 case map migration]]</bdi>. More information can be found at [[phab:T292552|T292552]]. * The Vector 2022 skin will become the default across the smallest Wikipedias. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements#smallest-1|Learn more]]. '''Future changes''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Replying|Reply tool]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/New discussion|New Topic tool]] will soon get a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Special characters|special characters menu]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T249072] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/43|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W43"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:23, 24 October 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23975411 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-44</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W44"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/44|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * When using keyboard navigation on a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] map, the focus will become more visible. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T315997] * In {{#special:RecentChanges}}, you can now hide the log entries for new user creations with the filter for "{{int:rcfilters-filter-newuserlogactions-label}}". [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T321155] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.8|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-11-01|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-11-02|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-11-03|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|maps dialog]] in VisualEditor now has some help texts. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T318818] * It is now possible to select the language of a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] map in VisualEditor via a dropdown menu. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T318817] * It is now possible to add a caption to a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] map in VisualEditor. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T318815] * It is now possible to hide the frame of a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] map in VisualEditor. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T318813] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/44|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W44"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:16, 31 October 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23977539 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-45</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W45"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/45|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * An updated version of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/EventCenter/Registration|Event Registration]] tool is now available for testing at [[testwiki:|testwiki]] and [[test2wiki:| test2wiki]]. The tool provides features for event organizers and participants. Your feedback is welcome at our [[m:Talk:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Registration|project talkpage]]. More information about [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Registration|the project]] is available. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T318592] '''Problems''' * Twice last week, for about 45 minutes, some files and thumbnails failed to load and uploads failed, mostly for logged-in users. The cause is being investigated and an incident report will be available soon. '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/45|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W45"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:32, 8 November 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24001035 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-46</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W46"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/46|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * At Wikidata, an interwiki link can now point to a redirect page if certain conditions are met. This new feature is called [[wikidata:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Sitelinks_to_redirects|sitelinks to redirects]]. It is needed when one wiki uses one page to cover multiple concepts but another wiki uses more pages to cover the same concepts. Your [[wikidata:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata talk:Sitelinks to redirects|feedback on the talkpage]] of the new proposed guideline is welcome. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T278962] * The <span class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">[https://www.wikinews.org/ www.wikinews.org]</span>, <span class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">[https://www.wikiversity.org/ www.wikiversity.org]</span>, and <span class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">[https://www.wikivoyage.org/ www.wikivoyage.org]</span> portal pages now use an automated update system. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T273179] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.10|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-11-15|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-11-16|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-11-17|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). * There will be a new link to directly "Edit template data" on Template pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T316759] '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Wikis where mobile [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] are enabled ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Deployment Status|these ones]]) will soon use full CSS styling to display any templates that are placed at the top of talk pages. To adapt these “talk page boxes” for narrow mobile devices you can use media queries, such as in [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module:Message_box/tmbox.css&oldid=1097618699#L-69 this example]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T312309] * Starting in January 2023, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Tech|Community Tech]] will be [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Updates/2023 Changes Update|running the Community Wishlist Survey (CWS) every two years]]. This means that in 2024, there will be no new proposals or voting. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/46|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W46"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:55, 14 November 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24071290 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-47</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W47"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/47|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The display of non-free media in the search bar and for article thumbnails in Special:Search has been deactivated. Further details are in [[phab:T320661|T320661]]. '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-11-22|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s2.dblist targeted wikis]) and on {{#time:j xg|2022-11-24|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s7.dblist targeted wikis]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/47|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W47"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:22, 21 November 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24071290 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-48</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W48"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/48|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * A new preference, “Enable limited width mode”, has been added to the [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|Vector 2022 skin]]. The preference is also available as a toggle on every page if your monitor is 1600 pixels or wider. It allows for increasing the width of the page for logged-out and logged-in users. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T319449] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.12|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-11-29|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-11-30|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-12-01|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-11-29|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s3.dblist targeted wikis]) and on {{#time:j xg|2022-12-01|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s1.dblist targeted wikis]). * Mathematical formulas shown in SVG image format will no longer have PNG fall-backs for browsers that don't support them. This is part of work to modernise the generation system. Showing only PNG versions was the default option until in February 2018. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikimedia-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/3BGOKWJIZGL4TC4HJ22ICRU2SEPWGCR4/][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T311620][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T186327] * On [[phab:P40224|some wikis]] that use flagged revisions, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:FlaggedRevs#Special:Contributions|a new checkbox will be added]] to Special:Contributions that enables you to see only the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Pending changes|pending changes]] by a user. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T321445] '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] How media is structured in the parser's HTML output will change early next week at [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train#Wednesday group1 wikis] (but not Wikimedia Commons or Meta-Wiki). This change improves the accessibility of content, and makes it easier to write related CSS. You may need to update your site-CSS, or userscripts and gadgets. There are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser_Unification/Media_structure/FAQ|details on what code to check, how to update the code, and where to report any related problems]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T314318] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/48|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W48"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:03, 28 November 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24114342 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-49</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W49"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/49|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The Wikisources use a tool called ProofreadPage. ProofreadPage uses OpenSeadragon which is an open source tool. The OpenSeadragon JavaScript API has been significantly re-written to support dynamically loading images. The functionality provided by the older version of the API should still work but it is no longer supported. User scripts and gadgets should migrate over to the newer version of the API. The functionality provided by the newer version of the API is [[mw:Extension:Proofread_Page/Page_viewer#JS_API|documented on MediaWiki]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308098][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Proofread_Page/Edit-in-Sequence] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.13|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-12-06|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-12-07|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-12-08|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/49|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W49"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:41, 6 December 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24151590 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-50</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W50"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/50|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * An [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Mobile|A/B test has begun]] at 15 Wikipedias for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#Mobile|DiscussionTools on mobile]]. Half of the editors on the [[mw:Reading/Web/Mobile|mobile web site]] will have access to the {{int:discussiontools-replybutton}} tool and other features. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T321961] * The character <code>=</code> cannot be used in new usernames, to make usernames work better with templates. Existing usernames are not affected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T254045] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.14|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-12-13|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-12-14|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-12-15|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The HTML markup used by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk_pages_project/Usability#Phase_1:_Topic_containers|show discussion metadata below section headings]] will be inserted after these headings, not inside of them. This change improves the accessibility of discussion pages for screen reader software. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T314714] '''Events''' * The fourth edition of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest_Tool_Award|Coolest Tool Award]] will happen online on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1671210002 Friday 16 December 2022 at 17:00 UTC]! The event will be live-streamed on YouTube in the [https://www.youtube.com/user/watchmediawiki MediaWiki channel] and added to Commons afterwards. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/50|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W50"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:35, 12 December 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24216570 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-51</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W51"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/51|Translations]] are available. '''Tech News''' * Because of the [[w:en:Christmas and holiday season|holidays]] the next issue of Tech News will be sent out on 9 January 2023. '''Recent changes''' * On a user's contributions page, you can filter it for edits with a tag like 'reverted'. Now, you can also filter for all edits that are not tagged like that. This was part of a Community Wishlist 2022 request. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T119072] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] A new function has been used for gadget developers to add content underneath the title on article pages. This is considered a stable API that should work across all skins. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/ResourceLoader/Core_modules#addSubtitle|Documentation is available]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T316830] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[test2wiki:|One of our test wikis]] is now being served from a new infrastructure powered by [[w:Kubernetes|Kubernetes]] ([[wikitech:MediaWiki On Kubernetes|read more]]). More Wikis will switch to this new infrastructure in early 2023. Please test and let us know of any issues. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T290536] '''Problems''' * Last week, all wikis had no edit access for 9 minutes. This was caused by a database problem. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incidents/2022-12-13_sessionstore] '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week or next week. * The word "{{int:discussiontools-replybutton}}" is very short in some languages, such as Arabic ("<bdi lang="ar">ردّ</bdi>"). This makes the {{int:discussiontools-preference-label}} button on talk pages difficult to use. An arrow icon will be added to those languages. This will only be visible to editors who have the [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Beta Feature]] turned on. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Talk_pages_project/Usability#Status] [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T323537] '''Future changes''' * Edits can be automatically "tagged" by the system software or the {{int:Abusefilter}} system. Those tags link to a help page about the tags. Soon they will also link to Recent Changes to let you see other edits tagged this way. This was a Community Wishlist 2022 request. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T301063] * The Trust & Safety tools team [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Private Incident Reporting System/Timeline and Updates|have shared new plans]] for building the Private Incident Reporting System. The system will make it easier for editors to ask for help if they are harassed or abused. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Real Time Preview for Wikitext|Realtime Preview for Wikitext]] is coming out of beta as an enabled feature for every user of the 2010 Wikitext [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Editor|editor]] in the week of January 9, 2023. It will be available to use via the toolbar in the 2010 Wikitext editor. The feature was the 4th most popular wish of the Community Wishlist Survey 2021. '''Events''' * You can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2023/Participate|register for the Wikimedia Hackathon 2023]], taking place on May 19–21 in Athens, Greece. You can also apply for a scholarship until January 14th. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/51|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W51"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:00, 20 December 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24258101 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-02</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W02"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/02|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * You can use tags to filter edits in the recent changes feed or on your watchlist. You can now use tags to filter out edits you don't want to see. Previously you could only use tags to focus on the edits with those tags. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T174349] * [[Special:WhatLinksHere|Special:WhatLinksHere]] shows all pages that link to a specific page. There is now a [https://wlh.toolforge.org prototype] for how to sort those pages alphabetically. You can see the discussion in the [[phab:T4306|Phabricator ticket]]. * You can now use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Thanks|thanks]] function on your watchlist and the user contribution page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T51541] * A wiki page can be moved to give it a new name. You can now get a dropdown menu with common reasons when you move a page. This is so you don't have to write the explanation every time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T325257] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Matrix.org|Matrix]] is a chat tool. You can now use <code>matrix:</code> to create Matrix links on wiki pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326021] * You can filter out translations when you look at the recent changes on multilingual wikis. This didn't hide translation pages. You can now also hide subpages which are translation pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T233493] '''Changes later this week''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Real Time Preview for Wikitext|Realtime preview for wikitext]] is a tool which lets editors preview the page when they edit wikitext. It will be enabled for all users of the 2010 wikitext editor. You will find it in the editor toolbar. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2023-01-10|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s5.dblist targeted wikis]) and on {{#time:j xg|2023-01-12|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s6.dblist targeted wikis]). * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.18|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-10|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-11|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-12|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/02|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W02"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:08, 10 January 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24342971 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-03</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W03"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/03|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The URLs in "{{int:last}}" links on page history now contain <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>diff=prev&oldid=[revision ID]</nowiki></code></bdi> in place of <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>diff=[revision ID]&oldid=[revision ID]</nowiki></code></bdi>. This is to fix a problem with links pointing to incorrect diffs when history was filtered by a tag. Some user scripts may break as a result of this change. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T243569] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.19|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-17|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-18|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-19|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Some [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability|changes to the appearance of talk pages]] have only been available on <code>{{ns:1}}:</code> and <code>{{ns:3}}:</code> namespaces. These will be extended to other talk namespaces, such as <code>{{ns:5}}:</code>. They will continue to be unavailable in non-talk namespaces, including <code>{{ns:4}}:</code> pages (e.g., at the Village Pump). You can [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion|change your preferences]] ([[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]]). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T325417] *On Wikisources, when an image is zoomed or panned in the Page: namespace, the same zoom and pan settings will be remembered for all Page: namespace pages that are linked to a particular Index: namespace page. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/c/mediawiki/extensions/ProofreadPage/+/868841] * The Vector 2022 skin will become the default for the English Wikipedia desktop users. The change will take place on January 18 at 15:00 UTC. [[:en:w:Wikipedia:Vector 2022|Learn more]]. '''Future changes''' * The 2023 edition of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023|Community Wishlist Survey]], which invites contributors to make technical proposals and vote for tools and improvements, starts next week on 23 January 2023 at 18:00 UTC. You can start drafting your proposals in [[m:Community Wishlist Survey/Sandbox|the CWS sandbox]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/03|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W03"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:11, 17 January 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24381020 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-04</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W04"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/04|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * Last week, for ~15 minutes, all wikis were unreachable for logged-in users and non-cached pages. This was caused by a timing issue. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incidents/2023-01-17_MediaWiki] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.20|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-24|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-25|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-26|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). * If you have the Beta Feature for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project|DiscussionTools]] enabled, the appearance of talk pages will add more information about discussion activity. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Talk_pages_project/Usability#Status][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T317907] * The 2023 edition of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023|Community Wishlist Survey]] (CWS), which invites contributors to make technical proposals and vote for tools and improvements, starts on Monday 23 January 2023 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1674496814 18:00 UTC]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/04|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W04"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:46, 23 January 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24418874 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-05</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W05"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/05|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * Last week, for ~15 minutes, some users were unable to log in or edit pages. This was caused by a problem with session storage. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incidents/2023-01-24_sessionstore_quorum_issues] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.21|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-31|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-01|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-02|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Wikis that use localized numbering schemes for references need to add new CSS. This will help to show citation numbers the same way in all reading and editing modes. If your wiki would prefer to do it yourselves, please see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Cite CSS|details and example CSS to copy from]], and also add your wiki to the list. Otherwise, the developers will directly help out starting the week of February 5. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/05|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W05"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:06, 31 January 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24455949 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-06</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W06"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/06|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * In the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|Vector 2022 skin]], logged-out users using the full-width toggle will be able to see the setting of their choice even after refreshing pages or opening new ones. This only applies to wikis where Vector 2022 is the default. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T321498] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.22|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-07|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-08|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-09|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Previously, we announced when some wikis would be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. These switches will not be announced any more, as the read-only time has become non-significant. Switches will continue to happen at 7AM UTC on Tuesdays and Thursdays. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T292543#8568433] * Across all the wikis, in the Vector 2022 skin, logged-in users will see the page-related links such as "What links here" in a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements/Features/Page_tools|new side menu]]. It will be displayed on the other side of the screen. This change had previously been made on Czech, English, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328692] *[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023|Community Wishlist Survey 2023]] will stop receiving new proposals on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1675706431 Monday, 6 February 2023, at 18:00 UTC]. Proposers should complete any edits by then, to give time for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist_Survey/Help_us|translations]] and review. Voting will begin on Friday, 10 February. '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Gadgets and user scripts will be changing to load on desktop and mobile sites. Previously they would only load on the desktop site. It is recommended that wiki administrators audit the [[MediaWiki:Gadgets-definition|gadget definitions]] prior to this change, and add <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>skins=…</code></bdi> for any gadgets which should not load on mobile. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328610 More details are available]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/06|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W06"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 10:21, 6 February 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24491749 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-07</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W07"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/07|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * On wikis where patrolled edits are enabled, changes made to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Communities/How to configure the mentors' list|mentor list]] by autopatrolled mentors are not correctly marked as patrolled. It will be fixed later this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328444] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.23|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-14|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-15|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-16|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). * The Reply tool and other parts of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#Mobile|DiscussionTools]] will be deployed for all editors using the mobile site. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk_pages_project/Mobile#Status_Updates|read more about this decision]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T298060] '''Future changes''' * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 1. This is planned for [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1677679222 14:00 UTC]. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328287][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T327920][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/07|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W07"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:49, 14 February 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24540832 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-08</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W08"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/08|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * Last week, during planned maintenance of Cloud Services, unforeseen complications forced the team to turn off all tools for 2–3 hours to prevent data corruption. Work is ongoing to prevent similar problems in the future. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T329535] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.23|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-21|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-22|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-23|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). *The voting phase for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023|Community Wishlist Survey 2023]] ends on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1677261621 24 February at 18:00 UTC]. The results of the survey will be announced on 28 February. '''Future changes''' * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 1. This is planned for [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1677679222 14:00 UTC]. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328287][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T327920][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/08|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W08"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:58, 21 February 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24570514 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-09</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W09"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/09|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * Last week, in some areas of the world, there were problems with loading pages for 20 minutes and saving edits for 55 minutes. These issues were caused by a problem with our caching servers due to unforseen events during a routine maintenance task. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incidents/2023-02-22_wiki_outage][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incidents/2023-02-22_read_only] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.25|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-28|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-01|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-02|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 1. This is planned for [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1677679222 14:00 UTC]. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server_switch] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/09|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W09"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:47, 27 February 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24634242 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-10</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W10"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/10|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The Community Wishlist Survey 2023 edition has been concluded. Community Tech has [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Results|published the results]] of the survey and will provide an update on what is next in April 2023. * On wikis which use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Writing_systems|LanguageConverter]] to handle multiple writing systems, articles which used custom conversion rules in the wikitext (primarily on Chinese Wikipedia) would have these rules applied inconsistently in the table of contents, especially in the Vector 2022 skin. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T306862] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.26|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-07|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-08|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-09|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). * A search system has been added to the [[Special:Preferences|Preferences screen]]. This will let you find different options more easily. Making it work on mobile devices will happen soon. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T313804] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/10|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W10"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:50, 6 March 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24676916 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-11</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W11"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/11|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.27|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-14|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-15|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-16|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" ({{int:project-localized-name-cbk_zamwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cdowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cebwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-chwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-chrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-chywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ckbwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-csbwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cuwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cvwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-itwiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304542][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304550] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/11|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W11"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:20, 13 March 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24700189 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-12</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W12"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/12|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * Last week, some users experienced issues loading image thumbnails. This was due to incorrectly cached images. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T331820] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.1|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-21|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-22|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-23|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] A link to the user's [[{{#special:CentralAuth}}]] page will appear on [[{{#special:Contributions}}]] — some user scripts which previously added this link may cause conflicts. This feature request was [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Admins and patrollers/Add link to CentralAuth on Special:Contributions|voted #17 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The [[{{#special:AbuseFilter}}]] edit window will be resizable and larger by default. This feature request was [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Anti-harassment/Make the AbuseFilter edit window resizable and larger by default|voted #80 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. * There will be a new option for Administrators when they are unblocking a user, to add the unblocked user’s user page to their watchlist. This will work both via [[{{#special:Unblock}}]] and via the API. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T257662] '''Meetings''' * You can join the next meeting with the Wikipedia mobile apps teams. During the meeting, we will discuss the current features and future roadmap. The meeting will be on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1679677204 24 March at 17:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Office Hours|details and how to join]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/12|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W12"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:26, 21 March 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24732558 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-13</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W13"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/13|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]] condition limit was increased from 1000 to 2000. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T309609] * [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global AbuseFilter#Locally disabled actions|Some Global AbuseFilter]] actions will no longer apply to local projects. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332521] * Desktop users are now able to subscribe to talk pages by clicking on the {{int:discussiontools-newtopicssubscription-button-subscribe-label}} link in the {{int:toolbox}} menu. If you subscribe to a talk page, you receive [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Notifications|notifications]] when new topics are started on that talk page. This is separate from putting the page on your watchlist or subscribing to a single discussion. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T263821] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.2|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-28|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-29|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-30|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * You will be able to choose [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Diffs|visual diffs]] on all [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Page history|history pages]] at the Wiktionaries and Wikipedias. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T314588] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The legacy [[mw:Mobile Content Service|Mobile Content Service]] is going away in July 2023. Developers are encouraged to switch to Parsoid or another API before then to ensure service continuity. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/4MVQQTONJT7FJAXNVOFV3WWVVMCHRINE/] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/13|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W13"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:14, 28 March 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24780854 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-14</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W14"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/14|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The system for automatically creating categories for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Babel|Babel]] extension has had several important changes and fixes. One of them allows you to insert templates for automatic category descriptions on creation, allowing you to categorize the new categories. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T211665][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T64714][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T170654][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T184941][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T33074] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.3|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-04|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-05|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-06|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Some older [[w:en:Web browser|Web browsers]] will stop being able to use [[w:en:JavaScript|JavaScript]] on Wikimedia wikis from this week. This mainly affects users of Internet Explorer 11. If you have an old web browser on your computer you can try to upgrade to a newer version. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T178356] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The deprecated <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>jquery.hoverIntent</code></bdi> module has been removed. This module could be used by gadgets and user scripts, to create an artificial delay in how JavaScript responds to a hover event. Gadgets and user scripts should now use jQuery <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>hover()</code></bdi> or <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>on()</code></bdi> instead. Examples can be found in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/ResourceLoader/Migration_guide_(users)#jquery.hoverIntent|migration guide]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T311194] * Some of the links in [[{{#special:SpecialPages}}]] will be re-arranged. There will be a clearer separation between links that relate to all users, and links related to your own user account. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T333242] * You will be able to hide the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Replying|Reply button]] in archived discussion pages with a new <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>__ARCHIVEDTALK__</nowiki></code></bdi> magic word. There will also be a new <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>.mw-archivedtalk</code></bdi> CSS class for hiding the Reply button in individual sections on a page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T249293][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T295553][https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/c/mediawiki/extensions/DiscussionTools/+/738221] '''Future changes''' * The Vega software that creates data visualizations in pages, such as graphs, will be upgraded to the newest version in the future. Graphs that still use the very old version 1.5 syntax may stop working properly. Most existing uses have been found and updated, but you can help to check, and to update any local documentation. [[phab:T260542|Examples of how to find and fix these graphs are available]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/14|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W14"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:40, 3 April 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24820268 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-15</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W15"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/15|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] In the visual editor, it is now possible to edit captions of images in galleries without opening the gallery dialog. This feature request was [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Editing/Editable gallery captions in Visual Editor|voted #61 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T190224] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] You can now receive notifications when another user edits your user page. See the "{{int:Echo-category-title-edit-user-page}}" option in [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-echo|your Preferences]]. This feature request was [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Anti-harassment/Notifications for user page edits|voted #3 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T3876] '''Problems''' * There was a problem with all types of CentralNotice banners still being shown to logged-in users even if they had [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-centralnotice-banners|turned off]] specific banner types. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T331671] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.4|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-11|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-12|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-13|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" ({{int:project-localized-name-arywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-dawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-dinwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-dsbwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-eewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-elwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-emlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-eowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-etwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-euwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-extwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tumwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ffwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fiu_vrowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fjwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-frpwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-frrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-furwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gcrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gdwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-glwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-glkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gomwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gotwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-guwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gvwiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304551][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308133] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/15|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W15"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:05, 10 April 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24851886 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-16</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W16"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/16|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * You can now see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer#Show_nearby_articles|nearby articles on a Kartographer map]] with the button for the new feature "{{int:Kartographer-sidebar-nearbybutton}}". Six wikis have been testing this feature since October. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Geoinformation/Nearby_articles#Implementation][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334079] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Special:GlobalWatchlist]] page now has links for "{{int:globalwatchlist-markpageseen}}" for each entry. This feature request was [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Notifications, Watchlists and Talk Pages/Button to mark a single change as read in the global watch list|voted #161 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334246] '''Problems''' * At Wikimedia Commons, some thumbnails have not been getting replaced correctly after a new version of the image is uploaded. This should be fixed later this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T331138][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T333042] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] For the last few weeks, some external tools had inconsistent problems with logging-in with OAuth. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332650] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.5|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-18|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-19|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-20|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/16|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W16"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:55, 18 April 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24881071 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-17</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W17"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/17|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The date-selection menu on pages such as [[{{#special:Contributions}}]] will now show year-ranges that are in the current and past decade, instead of the current and future decade. This feature request was [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Miscellaneous/Change year range shown in date selection popup|voted #145 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334316] '''Problems''' * Due to security issues with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|Graph extension]], graphs have been disabled in all Wikimedia projects. Wikimedia Foundation teams are working to respond to these vulnerabilities. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334940] * For a few days, it was not possible to save some kinds of edits on the mobile version of a wiki. This has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334797][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334799][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334794] '''Changes later this week''' * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on April 26. This is planned for [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1682517653 14:00 UTC]. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server_switch] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.6|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-25|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-26|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-27|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * The Editing team plans an A/B test for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability|a usability analysis of the Talk page project]]. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability/Analysis|planned measurements are available]]. Your wiki [[phab:T332946|may be invited to participate]]. Please suggest improvements to the measurement plan at [[mw:Talk:Talk pages project/Usability|the discussion page]]. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2023-2024|The Wikimedia Foundation annual plan 2023-2024 draft is open for comment and input]] until May 19. The final plan will be published in July 2023 on Meta-wiki. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/17|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W17"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:04, 24 April 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24933592 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-18</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W18"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/18|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The content attribution tools [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Who Wrote That?|Who Wrote That?]], [[xtools:authorship|XTools Authorship]], and [[xtools:blame|XTools Blame]] now support the French and Italian Wikipedias. More languages will be added in the near future. This is part of the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Reading/Extend "Who Wrote That?" tool to more wikis|#7 wish in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T243711][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T270490][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334891] * The [[:commons:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons|Video2commons]] tool has been updated. This fixed several bugs related to YouTube uploads. [https://github.com/toolforge/video2commons/pull/162/commits] * The [[{{#special:Preferences}}]] page has been redesigned on mobile web. The new design makes it easier to browse the different categories and settings at low screen widths. You can also now access the page via a link in the Settings menu in the mobile web sidebar. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Moderator_Tools/Content_moderation_on_mobile_web/Preferences] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.7|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-02|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-03|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-04|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/18|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W18"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:45, 2 May 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24966974 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-19</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W19"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/19|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] Last week, Community Tech released the first update for providing [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Better diff handling of paragraph splits|better diffs]], the #1 request in the 2022 Community Wishlist Survey. [[phab:T324759|This update]] adds legends and tooltips to inline diffs so that users unfamiliar with the blue and yellow highlights can better understand the type of edits made. * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] When you close an image that is displayed via MediaViewer, it will now return to the wiki page instead of going back in your browser history. This feature request was [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Reading/Return to the article when closing the MediaViewer|voted #65 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T236591] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:SyntaxHighlight|SyntaxHighlight]] extension now supports <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr"><code>wikitext</code></bdi> as a selected language. Old alternatives that were used to highlight wikitext, such as <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr"><code>html5</code></bdi>, <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr"><code>moin</code></bdi>, and <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr"><code>html+handlebars</code></bdi>, can now be replaced. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T29828] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Creating pages with preloaded text|Preloading text to new pages/sections]] now supports preloading from localized MediaWiki interface messages. [https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Martin_Urbanec_(WMF)?action=edit&section=new&preload=MediaWiki:July Here is an example] at the {{int:project-localized-name-cswiki/en}} that uses <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>preload=MediaWiki:July</nowiki></code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T330337] '''Problems''' * Graph Extension update: Foundation developers have completed upgrading the visualization software to Vega5. Existing community graphs based on Vega2 are no longer compatible. Communities need to update local graphs and templates, and shared lua modules like <bdi lang="de" dir="ltr">[[:de:Modul:Graph]]</bdi>. The [https://vega.github.io/vega/docs/porting-guide/ Vega Porting guide] provides the most comprehensive detail on migration from Vega2 and [https://www.mediawiki.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Graph:PageViews&action=history here is an example migration]. Vega5 has currently just been enabled on mediawiki.org to provide a test environment for communities. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334940#8813922] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.8|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-09|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-10|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-11|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Until now, all new OAuth apps went through manual review. Starting this week, apps using identification-only or basic authorizations will not require review. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T67750] '''Future changes''' * During the next year, MediaWiki will stop using IP addresses to identify logged-out users, and will start automatically assigning unique temporary usernames. Read more at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/Updates|IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/Updates]]. You can [[m:Talk:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation#What should it look like?|join the discussion]] about the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/Updates#What will temporary usernames look like?|format of the temporary usernames]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332805] * There will be an [[:w:en:A/B testing|A/B test]] on 10 Wikipedias where the Vector 2022 skin is the default skin. Half of logged-in desktop users will see an interface where the different parts of the page are more clearly separated. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Updates/2023-05 Zebra9 A/B test|read more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T333180][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335972] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] <code>jquery.tipsy</code> will be removed from the MediaWiki core. This will affect some user scripts. Many lines with <code>.tipsy(</code> can be commented out. <code>OO.ui.PopupWidget</code> can be used to keep things working like they are now. You can [[phab:T336019|read more]] and [[:mw:Help:Locating broken scripts|read about how to find broken scripts]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336019] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/19|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W19"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:36, 9 May 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24998636 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-20</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W20"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/20|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * Citations that are automatically generated based on [[d:Q33057|ISBN]] are currently broken. This affects citations made with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User_guide/Citations-Full#Automatic|VisualEditor Automatic tab]], and the use of the citoid API in gadgets and user scripts. Work is ongoing to restore this feature. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336298] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.9|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-16|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-17|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-18|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" ({{int:project-localized-name-gorwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hakwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hawwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hifwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hsbwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-htwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-igwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ilowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-inhwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iuwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-jamwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-jvwiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308134] '''Future changes''' * There is a recently formed team at the Wikimedia Foundation which will be focusing on experimenting with new tools. Currently they are building [[m:Wikimedia_Foundation_Annual_Plan/2023-2024/Draft/Future_Audiences#FA2.2_Conversational_AI|a prototype ChatGPT plugin that allows information generated by ChatGPT to be properly attributed]] to the Wikimedia projects. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Gadget and userscript developers should replace <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>jquery.cookie</code></bdi> with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mediawiki.cookie</code></bdi>. The <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>jquery.cookie</code></bdi> library will be removed in ~1 month, and staff developers will run a script to replace any remaining uses at that time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336018] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/20|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W20"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:45, 15 May 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25011501 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-21</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W21"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/21|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The "recent edits" time period for page watchers is now 30 days. It used to be 180 days. This was a [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Notifications, Watchlists and Talk Pages/Change information about the number of watchers on a page|Community Wishlist Survey proposal]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336250] '''Changes later this week''' * An [[mw:special:MyLanguage/Growth/Positive reinforcement#Impact|improved impact module]] will be available at Wikipedias. The impact module is a feature available to newcomers [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature summary#Newcomer homepage|at their personal homepage]]. It will show their number of edits, how many readers their edited pages have, how many thanks they have received and similar things. It is also accessible by accessing Special:Impact. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336203] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.10|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-23|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-24|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-25|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/21|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W21"/> </div> 16:55, 22 May 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25028325 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-22</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W22"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/22|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Citations can once again be added automatically from ISBNs, thanks to Zotero's ISBN searches. The current data sources are the Library of Congress (United States), the Bibliothèque nationale de France (French National Library), and K10plus ISBN (German repository). Additional data source searches can be [[mw:Citoid/Creating Zotero translators|proposed to Zotero]]. The ISBN labels in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User_guide/Citations-Full#Automatic|VisualEditor Automatic tab]] will reappear later this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336298#8859917] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The page [[{{#special:EditWatchlist}}]] now has "{{int:watchlistedit-normal-check-all}}" options to select all the pages within a namespace. This feature request was [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Notifications, Watchlists and Talk Pages/Watchlist edit - "check all" checkbox|voted #161 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334252] '''Problems''' * For a few days earlier this month, the "Add interlanguage link" item in the Tools menu did not work properly. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337081] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.11|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-30|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-31|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-01|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * VisualEditor will be switched to a new backend on [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/source/mediawiki-config/browse/master/dblists/small.dblist small] and [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/source/mediawiki-config/browse/master/dblists/medium.dblist medium] wikis this week. Large wikis will follow in the coming weeks. This is part of the effort to move Parsoid into MediaWiki core. The change should have no noticeable effect on users, but if you experience any slow loading or other strangeness when using VisualEditor, please report it on the phabricator ticket linked here. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T320529] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/22|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W22"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:04, 29 May 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25079963 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-23</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W23"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/23|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:RealMe|RealMe]] extension allows you to mark URLs on your user page as verified for Mastodon and similar software. * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] Citation and footnote editing can now be started from the reference list when using the visual editor. This feature request was [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Citations/Allow citations to be edited in the references section with VisualEditor|voted #2 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T54750] * Previously, clicking on someone else's link to Recent Changes with filters applied within the URL could unintentionally change your preference for "{{int:Rcfilters-group-results-by-page}}". This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T202916#8874081] '''Problems''' * For a few days last week, some tools and bots returned outdated information due to database replication problems, and may have been down entirely while it was being fixed. These issues have now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337446] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.12|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-06|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-07|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-08|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Bots will no longer be prevented from making edits because of URLs that match the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:SpamBlacklist|spam blacklist]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T313107] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/23|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W23"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:52, 5 June 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25114640 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-24</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W24"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/24|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The content attribution tools [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Who Wrote That?|Who Wrote That?]], [[xtools:authorship|XTools Authorship]], and [[xtools:blame|XTools Blame]] now support the Dutch, German, Hungarian, Indonesian, Japanese, Polish and Portuguese Wikipedias. This was the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Reading/Extend "Who Wrote That?" tool to more wikis|#7 wish in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334891] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured Data Across Wikimedia/Search Improvements#Search Preview panel|Search Preview panel]] has been deployed on four Wikipedias (Catalan, Dutch, Hungarian and Norwegian). The panel will show an image related to the article (if existing), the top sections of the article, related images (coming from MediaSearch on Commons), and eventually the sister projects associated with the article. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T306341] * The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:RealMe#Verifying_a_link_on_non-user_pages|RealMe]] extension now allows administrators to verify URLs for any page, for Mastodon and similar software. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T324937] * The default project license [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikimediaannounce-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/7G6XPWZPQFLZ2JANN3ZX6RT4DVUI3HZQ/ has been officially upgraded] to CC BY-SA 4.0. The software interface messages have been updated. Communities should feel free to start updating any mentions of the old CC BY-SA 3.0 licensing within policies and related documentation pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T319064] '''Problems''' * For three days last month, some Wikipedia pages edited with VisualEditor or DiscussionTools had an unintended <code><nowiki>__TOC__</nowiki></code> (or its localized form) added during an edit. There is [[mw:Parsoid/Deployments/T336101_followup|a listing of affected pages sorted by wiki]], that may still need to be fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336101] * Currently, the "{{int:Visualeditor-dialog-meta-categories-defaultsort-label}}" feature in VisualEditor is broken. Existing <code><nowiki>{{DEFAULTSORT:...}}</nowiki></code> keywords incorrectly appear as missing templates in VisualEditor. Developers are exploring how to fix this. In the meantime, those wishing to edit the default sortkey of a page are advised to switch to source editing. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337398] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Last week, an update to the delete form may have broken some gadgets or user scripts. If you need to manipulate (empty) the reason field, replace <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>#wpReason</code></bdi> with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr" style="white-space: nowrap;"><code>#wpReason > input</code></bdi>. See [https://cs.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki%3AGadget-CleanDeleteReasons.js&diff=22859956&oldid=12794189 an example fix]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337809] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.13|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-13|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-14|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-15|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * VisualEditor will be switched to a new backend on English Wikipedia on Monday, and all other [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/source/mediawiki-config/browse/master/dblists/large.dblist large] wikis on Thursday. The change should have no noticeable effect on users, but if you experience any slow loading or other strangeness when using VisualEditor, please report it on the phabricator ticket linked here. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T320529] '''Future changes''' * From 5 June to 17 July, the Foundation's [[:mw:Wikimedia Security Team|Security team]] is holding a consultation with contributors regarding a draft policy to govern the use of third-party resources in volunteer-developed gadgets and scripts. Feedback and suggestions are warmly welcome at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Third-party resources policy|Third-party resources policy]] on meta-wiki. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/24|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W24"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 14:52, 12 June 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25133779 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-25</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W25"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/25|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Flame graphs are now available in WikimediaDebug. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/JXNQD3EHG5V5QW5UXFDPSHQG4MJ3FWJQ/][https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2023/06/08/flame-graphs-arrive-in-wikimediadebug/] '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. * There is now a toolbar search popup in the visual editor. You can trigger it by typing <code>\</code> or pressing <code>ctrl + shift + p</code>. It can help you quickly access most tools in the editor. [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Visual_editor_toolbar_search_feature.png][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T66905] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/25|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W25"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:09, 19 June 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25159510 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-26</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W26"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/26|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The Action API modules and Special:LinkSearch will now add a trailing <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>/</code></bdi> to all <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>prop=extlinks</code></bdi> responses for bare domains. This is part of the work to remove duplication in the <code>externallinks</code> database table. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337994] '''Problems''' * Last week, search was broken on Commons and Wikidata for 23 hours. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T339810][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incidents/2023-06-18_search_broken_on_wikidata_and_commons] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.15|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-27|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-28|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-29|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The Minerva skin now applies more predefined styles to the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>.mbox-text</code></bdi> CSS class. This enables support for mbox templates that use divs instead of tables. Please make sure that the new styles won't affect other templates in your wiki. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/c/mediawiki/skins/MinervaNeue/+/930901/][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T339040] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Gadgets will now load on both desktop and mobile by default. Previously, gadgets loaded only on desktop by default. Changing this default using the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>|targets=</code></bdi> parameter is also deprecated and should not be used. You should make gadgets work on mobile or disable them based on the skin (with the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>|skins=</code></bdi> parameter in <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">MediaWiki:Gadgets-definition</bdi>) rather than whether the user uses the mobile or the desktop website. Popular gadgets that create errors on mobile will be disabled by developers on the Minerva skin as a temporary solution. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T127268] * All namespace tabs now have the same browser [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Keyboard_shortcuts|access key]] by default. Previously, custom and extension-defined namespaces would have to have their access keys set manually on-wiki, but that is no longer necessary. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T22126] * The review form of the Flagged Revisions extension now uses the standardized [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|user interface components]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T191156] '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] How media is structured in the parser's HTML output will change in the coming weeks at [[:wikitech:Deployments/Train#Thursday|group2 wikis]]. This change improves the accessibility of content. You may need to update your site-CSS, or userscripts and gadgets. There are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser_Unification/Media_structure/FAQ|details on what code to check, how to update the code, and where to report any related problems]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T314318] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/26|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W26"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:19, 26 June 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25202311 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-27</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W27"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/27|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] As part of the rolling out of the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Multimedia and Commons/Audio links that play on click|audio links that play on click]] wishlist proposal, [https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/small.dblist small wikis] will now be able to use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Phonos#Inline audio player mode|inline audio player]] that is implemented by the [[mw:Extension:Phonos|Phonos]] extension. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336763] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] From this week all gadgets automatically load on mobile and desktop sites. If you see any problems with gadgets on your wikis, please adjust the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets#Options|gadget options]] in your gadget definitions file. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328610] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.16|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-04|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-05|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-06|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/27|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W27"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:51, 3 July 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25231546 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-28</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W28"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/28|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured Data Across Wikimedia/Section-level Image Suggestions|Section-level Image Suggestions feature]] has been deployed on seven Wikipedias (Portuguese, Russian, Indonesian, Catalan, Hungarian, Finnish and Norwegian Bokmål). The feature recommends images for articles on contributors' watchlists that are a good match for individual sections of those articles. * [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global AbuseFilter|Global abuse filters]] have been enabled on all Wikimedia projects, except English and Japanese Wikipedias (who opted out). This change was made following a [[:m:Requests for comment/Make global abuse filters opt-out|global request for comments]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341159] * [[{{#special:BlockedExternalDomains}}]] is a new tool for administrators to help fight spam. It provides a clearer interface for blocking plain domains (and their subdomains), is more easily searchable, and is faster for the software to process for each edit on the wiki. It does not support regex (for complex cases), nor URL path-matching, nor the [[MediaWiki:Spam-whitelist|MediaWiki:Spam-whitelist]], but otherwise it replaces most of the functionalities of the existing [[MediaWiki:Spam-blacklist|MediaWiki:Spam-blacklist]]. There is a Python script to help migrate all simple domains into this tool, and more feature details, within [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:BlockedExternalDomains|the tool's documentation]]. It is available at all wikis except for Meta-wiki, Commons, and Wikidata. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337431] * The WikiEditor extension was updated. It includes some of the most frequently used features of wikitext editing. In the past, many of its messages could only be translated by administrators, but now all regular translators on translatewiki can translate them. Please check [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:MessageGroupStats?group=ext-wikieditor&messages=&x=D#sortable:0=asc the state of WikiEditor localization into your language], and if the "Completion" for your language shows anything less than 100%, please complete the translation. See [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-ambassadors@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/D4YELU2DXMZ75PGELUOKXXMFF3FH45XA/ a more detailed explanation]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.17|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-11|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-12|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-13|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * The default protocol of [[{{#special:LinkSearch}}]] and API counterparts has changed from http to both http and https. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T14810] * [[{{#special:LinkSearch}}]] and its API counterparts will now search for all of the URL provided in the query. It used to be only the first 60 characters. This feature was requested fifteen years ago. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T17218] '''Future changes''' * There is an experiment with a [[:w:en:ChatGPT|ChatGPT]] plugin. This is to show users where the information is coming from when they read information from Wikipedia. It has been tested by Wikimedia Foundation staff and other Wikimedians. Soon all ChatGPT plugin users can use the Wikipedia plugin. This is the same plugin which was mentioned in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/20|Tech News 2023/20]]. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_Annual_Plan/2023-2024/Draft/Future_Audiences#FA2.2_Conversational_AI] * There is an ongoing discussion on a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Third-party resources policy|proposed Third-party resources policy]]. The proposal will impact the use of third-party resources in gadgets and userscripts. Based on the ideas received so far, policy includes some of the risks related to user scripts and gadgets loading third-party resources, some best practices and exemption requirements such as code transparency and inspectability. Your feedback and suggestions are warmly welcome until July 17, 2023 on [[m:Talk:Third-party resources policy|on the policy talk page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/28|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W28"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:54, 10 July 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25278797 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-29</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W29"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/29|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] We are now serving 1% of all global user traffic from [[:en:Kubernetes|Kubernetes]] (you can [[wikitech:MediaWiki On Kubernetes|read more technical details]]). We are planning to increment this percentage regularly. You can [[phab:T290536|follow the progress of this work]]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.18|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-18|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-19|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-20|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] MediaWiki [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:System_message|system messages]] will now look for available local fallbacks, instead of always using the default fallback defined by software. This means wikis no longer need to override each language on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Language#Fallback_languages|fallback chain]] separately. For example, English Wikipedia doesn't have to create <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>en-ca</code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>en-gb</code></bdi> subpages with a transclusion of the base pages anymore. This makes it easier to maintain local overrides. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T229992] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>action=growthsetmentorstatus</code></bdi> API will be deprecated with the new MediaWiki version. Bots or scripts calling that API should use the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>action=growthmanagementorlist</code></bdi> API now. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T321503] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/29|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W29"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:08, 17 July 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25289122 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-30</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W30"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/30|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] On July 18, the Wikimedia Foundation launched a survey about the [[:mw:Technical_decision_making|technical decision making process]] for people who do technical work that relies on software that is maintained by the Foundation or affiliates. If this applies to you, [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/885471 please take part in the survey]. The survey will be open for three weeks, until August 7. You can find more information in [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/Q7DUCFA75DXG3G2KHTO7CEWMLCYTSDB2/|the announcement e-mail on wikitech-l]]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.19|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-25|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-26|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-27|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/30|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W30"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 02:20, 25 July 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25332248 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-31</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W31"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/31|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The [[mw:Synchronizer|Synchronizer]] tool is now available to keep Lua modules synced across Wikimedia wikis, along with [[mw:Multilingual Templates and Modules|updated documentation]] to develop global Lua modules and templates. * The tag filter on [[{{#special:NewPages}}]] and revision history pages can now be inverted. For example, you can hide edits that were made using an automated tool. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334337][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334338] * The Wikipedia [[:w:en:ChatGPT|ChatGPT]] plugin experiment can now be used by ChatGPT users who can use plugins. You can participate in a [[:m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2023-2024/Draft/Future Audiences#Announcing monthly Future Audiences open "office hours"|video call]] if you want to talk about this experiment or similar work. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_Annual_Plan/2023-2024/Draft/Future_Audiences#FA2.2_Conversational_AI] '''Problems''' * It was not possible to generate a PDF for pages with non-Latin characters in the title, for the last two weeks. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T342442] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.20|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-01|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-02|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-03|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Starting on Tuesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" ({{int:project-localized-name-kawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kaawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kabwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kbdwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kbpwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kmwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-knwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kshwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kuwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kwwiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308135] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/31|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W31"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:54, 31 July 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25362228 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-32</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W32"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/32|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Mobile Web editors can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Advanced_mobile_contributions#August_1,_2023_-_Full-page_editing_added_on_mobile|edit a whole page at once]]. To use this feature, turn on "{{int:Mobile-frontend-mobile-option-amc}}" in your settings and use the "{{int:Minerva-page-actions-editfull}}" button in the "{{int:Minerva-page-actions-overflow}}" menu. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T203151] '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/32|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W32"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:21, 7 August 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25420038 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-33</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W33"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/33|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The Content translation system is no longer using Youdao's [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Content_translation/Translating/Initial_machine_translation|machine translation service]]. The service was in place for several years, but due to no usage, and availability of alternatives, it was deprecated to reduce maintenance overheads. Other services which cover the same languages are still available. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T329137] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.22|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-15|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-16|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-17|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" ({{int:project-localized-name-lawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ladwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lbwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lbewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lezwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lfnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-liwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lijwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lmowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ltgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lvwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-maiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-map_bmswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mdfwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kywiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308136] <!-- TODO replace wiki codes --> '''Future changes''' * A few gadgets/user scripts which add icons to the Minerva skin need to have their CSS updated. There are more details available including a [[phab:T344067|search for all existing instances and how to update them]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/33|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W33"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 06:00, 15 August 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25428668 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-34</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W34"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/34|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [https://gdrive-to-commons.toolforge.org/ GDrive to Commons Uploader] tool is now available. It enables [[m:Special:MyLanguage/GDrive to Commons Uploader|securely selecting and uploading files]] from your Google Drive directly to Wikimedia Commons. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T267868] * From now on, we will announce new Wikimedia wikis in Tech News, so you can update any tools or pages. ** Since the last edition, two new wikis have been created: *** a Wiktionary in [[d:Q7121294|Pa'O]] ([[wikt:blk:|<code>wikt:blk:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T343540] *** a Wikisource in [[d:Q34002|Sundanese]] ([[s:su:|<code>s:su:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T343539] ** To catch up, the next most recent six wikis are: *** Wikifunctions ([[f:|<code>f:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T275945] *** a Wiktionary in [[d:Q2891049|Mandailing]] ([[wikt:btm:|<code>wikt:btm:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335216] *** a Wikipedia in [[d:Q5555465|Ghanaian Pidgin]] ([[w:gpe:|<code>w:gpe:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335969] *** a Wikinews in [[d:Q3111668|Gungbe]] ([[n:guw:|<code>n:guw:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334394] *** a Wiktionary in [[d:Q33522|Kabardian]] ([[wikt:kbd:|<code>wikt:kbd:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T333266] *** a Wikipedia in [[d:Q35570|Fante]] ([[w:fat:|<code>w:fat:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335016] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.23|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-22|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-23|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-24|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] There is an existing [[mw:Stable interface policy|stable interface policy]] for MediaWiki backend code. There is a [[mw:User:Jdlrobson/Stable interface policy/frontend|proposed stable interface policy for frontend code]]. This is relevant for anyone who works on gadgets or Wikimedia frontend code. You can read it, discuss it, and let the proposer know if there are any problems. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344079] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/34|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W34"/> </div> 15:25, 21 August 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25497111 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-35</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W35"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/35|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] As part of the changes for the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Better diff handling of paragraph splits|better diff handling of paragraph splits]], improved detection of splits is being rolled out. Over the last two weeks, we deployed this support to [[wikitech:Deployments/Train#Groups|group0]] and group1 wikis. This week it will be deployed to group2 wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341754] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] All [[{{#special:Contributions}}]] pages now show the user's local edit count and the account's creation date. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T324166] * Wikisource users can now use the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>prpbengalicurrency</code></bdi> label to denote Bengali currency characters as page numbers inside the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki><pagelist></nowiki></code></bdi> tag. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T268932] * Two preferences have been relocated. The preference "{{int:visualeditor-preference-visualeditor}}" is now shown on the [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|"{{int:prefs-editing}}" tab]] at all wikis. Previously it was shown on the "{{int:prefs-betafeatures}}" tab at some wikis. The preference "{{int:visualeditor-preference-newwikitexteditor-enable}}" is now also shown on the "{{int:prefs-editing}}" tab at all wikis, instead of the "{{int:prefs-betafeatures}}" tab. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335056][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344158] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.24|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-29|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-30|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-31|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] New signups for a Wikimedia developer account will start being pushed towards <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[https://idm.wikimedia.org/ idm.wikimedia.org]</bdi>, rather than going via Wikitech. [[wikitech:IDM|Further information about the new system is available]]. * All right-to-left language wikis, plus Korean, Armenian, Ukrainian, Russian, and Bulgarian Wikipedias, will have a link in the sidebar that provides a short URL of that page, using the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia URL Shortener|Wikimedia URL Shortener]]. This feature will come to more wikis in future weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T267921] '''Future changes''' * The removal of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:DoubleWiki|DoubleWiki extension]] is being discussed. This extension currently allows Wikisource users to view articles from multiple language versions side by side when the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><=></code></bdi> symbol next to a specific language edition is selected. Comments on this are welcomed at [[phab:T344544|the phabricator task]]. * A proposal has been made to merge the second hidden-categories list (which appears below the wikitext editing form) with the main list of categories (which is further down the page). [[phab:T340606|More information is available on Phabricator]]; feedback is welcome! '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/35|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W35"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 14:00, 28 August 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25510866 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-36</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W36"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/36|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[m:Wikisource_EditInSequence|EditInSequence]], a feature that allows users to edit pages faster on Wikisource has been moved to a Beta Feature based on community feedback. To enable it, you can navigate to the [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta features tab in Preferences]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308098] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] As part of the changes for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Generate Audio for IPA|Generate Audio for IPA]] and [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Multimedia and Commons/Audio links that play on click|Audio links that play on click]] wishlist proposals, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Phonos#Inline_audio_player_mode|inline audio player mode]] of [[mw:Extension:Phonos|Phonos]] has been deployed to all projects. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336763] * There is a new option for Administrators when they are changing the usergroups for a user, to add the user’s user page to their watchlist. This works both via [[{{#special:UserRights}}]] and via the API. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T272294] * One new wiki has been created: ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q34318|Talysh]] ([[w:tly:|<code>w:tly:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345166] '''Problems''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:LoginNotify|LoginNotify extension]] was not sending notifications since January. It has now been fixed, so going forward, you may see notifications for failed login attempts, and successful login attempts from a new device. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344785] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.25|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-05|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-06|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-07|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" ({{int:project-localized-name-mhrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-miwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-minwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mrjwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mtwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mwlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-myvwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mznwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nahwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-napwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ndswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nds_nlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-newiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-newwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-novwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nqowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nrmwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nsowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nvwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ocwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-olowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-omwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-orwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-oswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pagwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pamwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-papwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pcdwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pdcwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pflwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pihwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pmswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pnbwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pntwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pswiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308137][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308138] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/36|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W36"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:34, 4 September 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25566983 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-37</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W37"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/37|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/ORES|ORES]], the revision evaluation service, is now using a new open-source infrastructure on all wikis except for English Wikipedia and Wikidata. These two will follow this week. If you notice any unusual results from the Recent Changes filters that are related to ORES (for example, "{{int:ores-rcfilters-damaging-title}}" and "{{int:ores-rcfilters-goodfaith-title}}"), please [[mw:Talk:Machine Learning|report them]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T342115] * When you are logged in on one Wikimedia wiki and visit a different Wikimedia wiki, the system tries to log you in there automatically. This has been unreliable for a long time. You can now visit the login page to make the system try extra hard. If you feel that made logging in better or worse than it used to be, your feedback is appreciated. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326281] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.26|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-12|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-13|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-14|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Technical decision making|Technical Decision-Making Forum Retrospective]] team invites anyone involved in the technical field of Wikimedia projects to signup to and join [[mw:Technical decision making/Listening Sessions|one of their listening sessions]] on 13 September. Another date will be scheduled later. The goal is to improve the technical decision-making processes. * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] As part of the changes for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Better diff handling of paragraph splits|Better diff handling of paragraph splits]] wishlist proposal, the inline switch widget in diff pages is being rolled out this week to all wikis. The inline switch will allow viewers to toggle between a unified inline or two-column diff wikitext format. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336716] '''Future changes''' * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on 20 September. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|This is planned at 14:00 UTC.]] More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345263] * The Enterprise API is launching a new feature called "[http://breakingnews-beta.enterprise.wikimedia.com/ breaking news]". Currently in BETA, this attempts to identify likely "newsworthy" topics as they are currently being written about in any Wikipedia. Your help is requested to improve the accuracy of its detection model, especially on smaller language editions, by recommending templates or identifiable editing patterns. See more information at [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise/Breaking news|the documentation page]] on MediaWiki or [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise/FAQ#What is Breaking News|the FAQ]] on Meta. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/37|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W37"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:08, 11 September 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25589064 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-38</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W38"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/38|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] MediaWiki now has a [[mw:Stable interface policy/frontend|stable interface policy for frontend code]] that more clearly defines how we deprecate MediaWiki code and wiki-based code (e.g. gadgets and user scripts). Thank you to everyone who contributed to the content and discussions. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T346467][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344079] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.27|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-19|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-20|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-21|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on September 20. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|This is planned at 14:00 UTC.]] [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345263] * All wikis will have a link in the sidebar that provides a short URL of that page, using the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia URL Shortener|Wikimedia URL Shortener]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T267921] '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The team investigating the Graph Extension posted [[mw:Extension:Graph/Plans#Proposal|a proposal for reenabling it]] and they need your input. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/38|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W38"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:20, 18 September 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25623533 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-39</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W39"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/39|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The Vector 2022 skin will now remember the pinned/unpinned status for the Table of Contents for all logged-out users. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T316060] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.28|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-26|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-27|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-28|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The ResourceLoader <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mediawiki.ui</nowiki></code></bdi> modules are now deprecated as part of the move to Vue.js and Codex. There is a [[mw:Codex/Migrating_from_MediaWiki_UI|guide for migrating from MediaWiki UI to Codex]] for any tools that use it. More [[phab:T346468|details are available in the task]] and your questions are welcome there. * Gadget definitions will have a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets#Options|new "namespaces" option]]. The option takes a list of namespace IDs. Gadgets that use this option will only load on pages in the given namespaces. '''Future changes''' * New variables will be added to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]]: <code><bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">global_account_groups</bdi></code> and <code><bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">global_account_editcount</bdi></code>. They are available only when an account is being created. You can use them to prevent blocking automatic creation of accounts when users with many edits elsewhere visit your wiki for the first time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345632][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter/Rules_format] '''Meetings''' * You can join the next meeting with the Wikipedia mobile apps teams. During the meeting, we will discuss the current features and future roadmap. The meeting will be on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1698426015 27 October at 17:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Office_Hours#October_2023|details and how to join]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/39|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W39"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:51, 26 September 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25655264 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-40</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W40"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/40|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * There is a new [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-rendering-advancedrendering|user preference]] for "{{int:tog-forcesafemode}}". This setting will make pages load without including any on-wiki JavaScript or on-wiki stylesheet pages. It can be useful for debugging broken JavaScript gadgets. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T342347] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Gadget definitions now have a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets#Options|new "<var>contentModels</var>" option]]. The option takes a list of page content models, like <code><bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">wikitext</bdi></code> or <code><bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">css</bdi></code>. Gadgets that use this option will only load on pages with the given content models. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.29|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-03|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-04|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-05|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The Vector 2022 skin will no longer use the custom styles and scripts of Vector legacy (2010). The change will be made later this year or in early 2024. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Features/Loading Vector 2010 scripts|how to adjust the CSS and JS pages on your wiki]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T331679] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/40|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W40"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:27, 3 October 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25686930 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-41</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W41"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/41|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q33291|Fon]] ([[w:fon:|<code>w:fon:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T347935] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.30|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-10|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-11|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-12|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" ({{int:project-localized-name-swwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-wawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-warwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-wowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-xalwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-xhwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-xmfwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-yiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-yowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zeawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zh_min_nanwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zuwiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308139] * At some wikis, newcomers are suggested images from Commons to add to articles without any images. Starting on Tuesday, newcomers at these wikis will be able to add images to unillustrated article sections. The specific wikis are listed under "Images recommendations" [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Deployment table|at the Growth team deployment table]]. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add an image|learn more about this feature.]] [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345940] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] In the mobile web skin (Minerva) the CSS ID <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>#page-actions</nowiki></code></bdi> will be replaced with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>#p-views</nowiki></code></bdi>. This change is to make it consistent with other skins and to improve support for gadgets and extensions in the mobile skin. A few gadgets may need to be updated; there are [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T348267 details and search-links in the task]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/41|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W41"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 14:39, 9 October 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25712895 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-42</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W42"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/42|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Unified login|Unified login]] system's edge login should now be fixed for some browsers (Chrome, Edge, Opera). This means that if you visit a new sister project wiki, you should be logged in automatically without the need to click "Log in" or reload the page. Feedback on whether it's working for you is welcome. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T347889] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Interface/Edit_notice|Edit notices]] are now available within the MobileFrontend/Minerva skin. This feature was inspired by [[w:en:Wikipedia:EditNoticesOnMobile|the gadget on English Wikipedia]]. See more details in [[phab:T316178|T316178]]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.1|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-17|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-18|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-19|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * In 3 weeks, in the Vector 2022 skin, code related to <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>addPortletLink</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>#p-namespaces</nowiki></code></bdi> that was deprecated one year ago will be removed. If you notice tools that should appear next to the "Discussion" tab are then missing, please tell the gadget's maintainers to see [[phab:T347907|instructions in the Phabricator task]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/42|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W42"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:47, 16 October 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25745824 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-43</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W43"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/43|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * There is a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language engineering/Newsletter/2023/October|Language and internationalization newsletter]], written quarterly. It contains updates on new feature development, improvements in various language-related technical projects, and related support work. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Source map support has been enabled on all wikis. When you open the debugger in your browser's developer tools, you should be able to see the unminified JavaScript source code. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T47514] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.2|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-24|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-25|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-26|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/43|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W43"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:17, 23 October 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25782286 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-44</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W44"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/44|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The Structured Content team, as part of its project of [[:commons:Commons:WMF support for Commons/Upload Wizard Improvements|improving UploadWizard on Commons]], made some UX improvements to the upload step of choosing own vs not own work ([[phab:T347590|T347590]]), as well as to the licensing step for own work ([[phab:T347756|T347756]]). * The Design Systems team has released version 1.0.0 of [[wmdoc:codex/latest/|Codex]], the new design system for Wikimedia. See the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Design_Systems_Team/Announcing_Codex_1.0|full announcement about the release of Codex 1.0.0]]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.3|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-31|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-01|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-02|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Listings on category pages are sorted on each wiki for that language using a [[:w:en:International Components for Unicode|library]]. For a brief period on 2 November, changes to categories will not be sorted correctly for many languages. This is because the developers are upgrading to a new version of the library. They will then use a script to fix the existing categories. This will take a few hours or a few days depending on how big the wiki is. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Technical Operations/ICU announcement|read more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345561][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T267145] * Starting November 1, the impact module (Special:Impact) will be upgraded by the Growth team. The new impact module shows newcomers more data regarding their impact on the wiki. It was tested by a few wikis during the last few months. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336203] '''Future changes''' * There is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph/Plans#Roadmap|a proposed plan]] for re-enabling the Graph Extension. You can help by reviewing this proposal and [[mw:Extension_talk:Graph/Plans#c-PPelberg_(WMF)-20231020221600-Update:_20_October|sharing what you think about it]]. * The WMF is working on making it possible for administrators to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Community_configuration_2.0|edit MediaWiki configuration directly]]. This is similar to previous work on Special:EditGrowthConfig. [[phab:T349757|A technical RfC is running until November 08, where you can provide feedback.]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/44|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W44"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:21, 30 October 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25801989 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-45</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W45"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/45|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * In the Vector 2022 skin, the default font-size of a number of navigational elements (tagline, tools menu, navigational links, and more) has been increased slightly to match the font size used in page content. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T346062] '''Problems''' * Last week, there was a problem displaying some recent edits on [https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s5.dblist a few wikis], for 1-6 hours. The edits were saved but not immediately shown. This was due to a database problem. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350443] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.4|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-07|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-08|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-09|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). * The Growth team will reassign newcomers from former mentors to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Structured mentor list|the currently active mentors]]. They have also changed the notification language to be more user-friendly. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T330071][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T327493] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/45|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W45"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:06, 6 November 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25838105 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-46</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W46"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/46|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Four new wikis have been created: ** a Wikipedia in [[d:Q7598268|Moroccan Amazigh]] ([[w:zgh:|<code>w:zgh:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350216] ** a Wikipedia in [[d:Q35159|Dagaare]] ([[w:dga:|<code>w:dga:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350218] ** a Wikipedia in [[d:Q33017|Toba Batak]] ([[w:bbc:|<code>w:bbc:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350320] ** a Wikiquote in [[d:Q33151|Banjar]] ([[q:bjn:|<code>q:bjn:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350217] '''Problems''' * Last week, users who previously visited Meta-Wiki or Wikimedia Commons and then became logged out on those wikis could not log in again. The problem is now resolved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350695] * Last week, some pop-up dialogs and menus were shown with the wrong font size. The problem is now resolved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350544] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.5|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-14|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-15|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-16|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * Reference Previews are coming to many wikis as a default feature. They are popups for references, similar to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Page Previews|PagePreviews feature]]. [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews#Opt-out feature|You can opt out]] of seeing them. If you are [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-gadgets|using the gadgets]] Reference Tooltips or Navigation Popups, you won’t see Reference Previews. [[phab:T282999|Deployment]] is planned for November 22, 2023. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Canary (also known as heartbeat) events will be produced into [https://stream.wikimedia.org/?doc#/streams Wikimedia event streams] from December 11. Streams users are advised to filter out these events, by discarding all events where <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>meta.domain == "canary"</nowiki></code></bdi>. Updates to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Pywikibot|Pywikibot]] or [https://github.com/ChlodAlejandro/wikimedia-streams wikimedia-streams] will discard these events by default. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T266798] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/46|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W46"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:52, 13 November 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25859263 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-47</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W47"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/47|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" ({{int:project-localized-name-quwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-rmwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-rmywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-rnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-roa_rupwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-roa_tarawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ruewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-rwwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sahwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-satwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-scwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-scnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-scowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sdwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-shwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-siwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-skwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-slwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-smwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sqwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-srwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-srnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-stwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-stqwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-suwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-szlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tcywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tetwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-thwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-towiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tpiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ttwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-twwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tyvwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-udmwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ugwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-uzwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-vewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-vecwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-vepwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-vlswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-vowiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308141][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308142][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308143] * The Vector 2022 skin will have some minor visual changes to drop-down menus, column widths, and more. These changes were added to four Wikipedias last week. If no issues are found, these changes will proceed to all wikis this week. These changes will make it possible to add new menus for readability and dark mode. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements/Updates#November_2023:_Visual_changes,_more_deployments,_and_shifting_focus|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T347711] '''Future changes''' * There is [[mw:Extension talk:Graph/Plans#Update: 15 November|an update on re-enabling the Graph Extension]]. To speed up the process, Vega 2 will not be supported and only [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335325 some protocols] will be available at launch. You can help by sharing what you think about the plan. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/47|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W47"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:55, 21 November 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25884616 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-48</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W48"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/48|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.7|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-28|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-29|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-30|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). There is no new MediaWiki version next week. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] MediaWiki's JavaScript system will now allow <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>async</code>/<code>await</code></bdi> syntax in gadgets and user scripts. Gadget authors should remember that users' browsers may not support it, so it should be used appropriately. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T343499] * The deployment of "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add_a_link|Add a link]]" announced [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/47|last week]] was postponed. It will resume this week. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/48|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W48"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:09, 27 November 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25906379 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-49</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W49"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/49|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The spacing between paragraphs on Vector 2022 has been changed from 7px to 14px to match the size of the text. This will make it easier to distinguish paragraphs from sentences. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T351754] * The "{{int:Visualeditor-dialog-meta-categories-defaultsort-label}}" feature in VisualEditor is working again. You no longer need to switch to source editing to edit <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{{DEFAULTSORT:...}}</nowiki></code></bdi> keywords. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337398] '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * On 6 December, people who have the enabled the preference for "{{int:Discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}" will notice the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability|talk page usability improvements]] appear on pages that include the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>__NEWSECTIONLINK__</nowiki></code></bdi> magic word. If you notice any issues, please [[phab:T352232|share them with the team on Phabricator]]. '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The Toolforge [[wikitech:News/Toolforge Grid Engine deprecation|Grid Engine shutdown process]] will start on December 14. Maintainers of [[toolforge:grid-deprecation|tools that still use this old system]] should plan to migrate to Kubernetes, or tell the team your plans on Phabricator in the task about your tool, before that date. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/VIWWQKMSQO2ED3TVUR7KPPWRTOBYBVOA/] * Communities using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured_Discussions|Structured Discussions]] are being contacted regarding [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured_Discussions/Deprecation|the upcoming deprecation of Structured Discussions]]. You can read more about this project, and share your comments, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured_Discussions/Deprecation|on the project's page]]. '''Events''' * Registration & Scholarship applications are now open for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2024|Wikimedia Hackathon 2024]] that will take place from 3–5 May in Tallinn, Estonia. Scholarship applications are open until 5 January 2024. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/49|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W49"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:50, 4 December 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25914435 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-50</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W50"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/50|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * On Wikimedia Commons, there are some minor user-interface improvements for the "choosing own vs not own work" step in the UploadWizard. This is part of the Structured Content team's project of [[:commons:Commons:WMF support for Commons/Upload Wizard Improvements|improving UploadWizard on Commons]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352707][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352709] '''Problems''' * There was a problem showing the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Personalized first day/Newcomer homepage|Newcomer homepage]] feature with the "impact module" and their page-view graphs, for a few days in early December. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352352][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352349] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.9|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-12|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-13|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-14|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=]] The [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/796964 2023 Developer Satisfaction Survey] is seeking the opinions of the Wikimedia developer community. Please take the survey if you have any role in developing software for the Wikimedia ecosystem. The survey is open until 5 January 2024, and has an associated [[foundation:Legal:December_2023_Developer_Satisfaction_Survey|privacy statement]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/50|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W50"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 02:13, 12 December 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25945501 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-51</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W51"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/51|Translations]] are available. '''Tech News''' * The next issue of Tech News will be sent out on 8 January 2024 because of [[w:en:Christmas and holiday season|the holidays]]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.10|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-19|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-20|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-21|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). There is no new MediaWiki version next week. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * Starting December 18, it won't be possible to activate Structured Discussions on a user's own talk page using the Beta feature. The Beta feature option remains available for users who want to deactivate Structured Discussions. This is part of [[mw:Structured Discussions/Deprecation|Structured Discussions' deprecation work]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T248309] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] There will be full support for redirects in the Module namespace. The "Move Page" feature will leave an appropriate redirect behind, and such redirects will be appropriately recognized by the software (e.g. hidden from [[{{#special:UnconnectedPages}}]]). There will also be support for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#Renaming or moving modules|manual redirects]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T120794] '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The MediaWiki JavaScript documentation is moving to a new format. During the move, you can read the old docs using [https://doc.wikimedia.org/mediawiki-core/REL1_41/js/ version 1.41]. Feedback about [https://doc.wikimedia.org/mediawiki-core/master/js/ the new site] is welcome on the [[mw:Talk:JSDoc_WMF_theme|project talk page]]. * The Wishathon is a new initiative that encourages collaboration across the Wikimedia community to develop solutions for wishes collected through the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey|Community Wishlist Survey]]. The first community Wishathon will take place from 15–17 March. If you are interested in a project proposal as a user, developer, designer, or product lead, you can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:WishathonMarch2024|register for the event and read more]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/51|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W51"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:18, 18 December 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25959059 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-02</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W02"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/02|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [https://mediawiki2latex.wmflabs.org/ mediawiki2latex] is a tool that converts wiki content into the formats of LaTeX, PDF, ODT, and EPUB. The code now runs many times faster due to recent improvements. There is also an optional Docker container you can [[b:de:Benutzer:Dirk_Hünniger/wb2pdf/install#Using_Docker|install]] on your local machine. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The way that Random pages are selected has been updated. This will slowly reduce the problem of some pages having a lower chance of appearing. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T309477] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.13|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-09|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-10|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-11|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/02|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W02"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:20, 9 January 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26026251 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-03</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W03"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/03|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Pages that use the JSON [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:ContentHandler|contentmodel]] will now use tabs instead of spaces for auto-indentation. This will significantly reduce the page size. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326065] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets|Gadgets]] and personal user scripts may now use JavaScript syntax introduced in ES6 (also known as "ES2015") and ES7 ("ES2016"). MediaWiki validates the source code to protect other site functionality from syntax errors, and to ensure scripts are valid in all [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Compatibility#Browsers|supported browsers]]. Previously, Gadgets could use the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>requiresES6</nowiki></code></bdi> option. This option is no longer needed and will be removed in the future. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T75714] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Bot passwords|Bot passwords]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/Owner-only consumers|owner-only OAuth consumers]] can now be restricted to allow editing only specific pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T349957] * You can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Thanks|thank]] edits made by bots. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341388] * An update on the status of the Community Wishlist Survey for 2024 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Future Of The Wishlist/January 4, 2024 Update|has been published]]. Please read and give your feedback. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.14|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-16|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-17|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-18|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * Starting on January 17, it will not be possible to login to Wikimedia wikis from some specific old versions of the Chrome browser (versions 51–66, released between 2016 and 2018). Additionally, users of iOS 12, or Safari on Mac OS 10.14, may need to login to each wiki separately. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344791] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>jquery.cookie</code></bdi> module was deprecated and replaced with the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mediawiki.cookie</code></bdi> module last year. A script has now been run to replace any remaining uses, and this week the temporary alias will be removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T354966] '''Future changes''' * Wikimedia Deutschland is working to [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Reusing references|make reusing references easier]]. They are looking for people who are interested in participating in [https://wikimedia.sslsurvey.de/User-research-into-Reusing-References-Sign-up-Form-2024/en/ individual video calls for user research in January and February]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/03|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W03"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:13, 16 January 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26074460 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-04</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W04"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/04|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * A bug in UploadWizard prevented linking to the userpage of the uploader when uploading. It has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T354529] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.15|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-23|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-24|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-25|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/04|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W04"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:04, 23 January 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26096197 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-05</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W05"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/05|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Starting Monday January 29, all talk pages messages' timestamps will become a link. This link is a permanent link to the comment. It allows users to find the comment they are looking for, even if this comment was moved elsewhere. This will affect all wikis except for the English Wikipedia. You can read more about this change [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/01/29/talk-page-permalinks-dont-lose-your-threads/ on Diff] or [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#Talk_pages_permalinking|on Mediawiki.org]].<!-- The Diff post will be published on Monday morning UTC--> [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T302011] * There are some improvements to the CAPTCHA to make it harder for spam bots and scripts to bypass it. If you have feedback on this change, please comment on [[phab:T141490|the task]]. Staff are monitoring metrics related to the CAPTCHA, as well as secondary metrics such as account creations and edit counts. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.16|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-30|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-31|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-01|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] On February 1, a link will be added to the "Tools" menu to download a [[w:en:QR code|QR code]] that links to the page you are viewing. There will also be a new [[{{#special:QrCode}}]] page to create QR codes for any Wikimedia URL. This addresses the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Mobile and apps/Add ability to share QR code for a page in any Wikimedia project|#19 most-voted wish]] from the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Results|2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T329973] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets|Gadgets]] which only work in some skins have sometimes used the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>targets</code></bdi> option to limit where you can use them. This will stop working this week. You should use the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>skins</code></bdi> option instead. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328497] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/05|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W05"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:31, 29 January 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26137870 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-06</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W06"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/06|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' *The mobile site history pages now use the same HTML as the desktop history pages. If you hear of any problems relating to mobile history usage please point them to [[phab:T353388|the phabricator task]]. *On most wikis, admins can now block users from making specific actions. These actions are: uploading files, creating new pages, moving (renaming) pages, and sending thanks. The goal of this feature is to allow admins to apply blocks that are adequate to the blocked users' activity. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community health initiative/Partial blocks#action-blocks|Learn more about "action blocks"]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T242541][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T280531] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.17|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-06|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-07|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-08|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * Talk pages permalinks that included diacritics and non-Latin script were malfunctioning. This issue is fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356199] '''Future changes''' * [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews#24WPs|24 Wikipedias]] with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reference_Tooltips|Reference Tooltips]] as a default gadget are encouraged to remove that default flag. This would make [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference_Previews|Reference Previews]] the new default for reference popups, leading to a more consistent experience across wikis. For [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews#46WPs|46 Wikipedias]] with less than 4 interface admins, the change is already scheduled for mid-February, [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews#Reference Previews to become the default for previewing references on more wikis.|unless there are concerns]]. The older Reference Tooltips gadget will still remain usable and will override this feature, if it is available on your wiki and you have enabled it in your settings. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/ReferencePreviews#Reference_Previews_to_become_the_default_for_previewing_references_on_more_wikis][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T355312] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/06|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W06"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:22, 5 February 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26180971 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-07</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W07"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/07|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[d:Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS graph split|WDQS Graph Split experiment]] is working and loaded onto 3 test servers. The team in charge is testing the split's impact and requires feedback from WDQS users through the UI or programmatically in different channels. [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata_talk:SPARQL_query_service/WDQS_graph_split][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356773][https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/User:Sannita_(WMF)] Users' feedback will validate the impact of various use cases and workflows around the Wikidata Query service. [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:SPARQL_query_service/WDQS_backend_update/October_2023_scaling_update][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikidata_Query_Service/User_Manual#Federation] '''Problems''' *There was a bug that affected the appearance of visited links when using mobile device to access wiki sites. It made the links appear black; [[phab:T356928|this issue]] is fixed. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.18|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-13|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-14|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-15|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] As work continues on the grid engine deprecation,[https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/News/Toolforge_Grid_Engine_deprecation] tools on the grid engine will be stopped starting on February 14th, 2024. If you have tools actively migrating you can ask for an extension so they are not stopped. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Portal:Toolforge/About_Toolforge#Communication_and_support] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/07|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W07"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 05:49, 13 February 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26223994 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-08</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W08"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/08|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * If you have the "{{int:Tog-enotifwatchlistpages}}" option enabled, edits by bot accounts no longer trigger notification emails. Previously, only minor edits would not trigger the notification emails. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356984] * There are changes to how user and site scripts load for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Vector/2022| Vector 2022]] on specific wikis. The changes impacted the following Wikis: all projects with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Vector|Vector legacy]] as the default skin, Wikivoyage, and Wikibooks. Other wikis will be affected over the course of the next three months. Gadgets are not impacted. If you have been affected or want to minimize the impact on your project, see [[Phab:T357580| this ticket]]. Please coordinate and take action proactively. *Newly auto-created accounts (the accounts you get when you visit a new wiki) now have the same local notification preferences as users who freshly register on that wiki. It is effected in four notification types listed in the [[phab:T353225|task's description]]. *The maximum file size when using [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Upload_Wizard|Upload Wizard]] is now 5 GiB. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T191804] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.19|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-20|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-21|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-22|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Selected tools on the grid engine have been [[wikitech:News/Toolforge_Grid_Engine_deprecation|stopped]] as we prepare to shut down the grid on March 14th, 2024. The tool's code and data have not been deleted. If you are a maintainer and you want your tool re-enabled reach out to the [[wikitech:Portal:Toolforge/About_Toolforge#Communication_and_support|team]]. Only tools that have asked for extension are still running on the grid. * The CSS <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/filter filter]</code></bdi> property can now be used in HTML <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>style</code></bdi> attributes in wikitext. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308160] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/08|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W08"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 15:37, 19 February 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26254282 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-09</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W09"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/09|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor_on_mobile|mobile visual editor]] is now the default editor for users who never edited before, at a small group of wikis. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor_on_mobile/VE_mobile_default#A/B_test_results| Research ]] shows that users using this editor are slightly more successful publishing the edits they started, and slightly less successful publishing non-reverted edits. Users who defined the wikitext editor as their default on desktop will get the wikitext editor on mobile for their first edit on mobile as well. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352127] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/ResourceLoader/Core modules#mw.config|mw.config]] value <code>wgGlobalGroups</code> now only contains groups that are active in the wiki. Scripts no longer have to check whether the group is active on the wiki via an API request. A code example of the above is: <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>if (/globalgroupname/.test(mw.config.get("wgGlobalGroups")))</code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356008] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.20|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-27|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-28|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-29|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''Future changes''' * The right to change [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Tags|edit tags]] (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>changetags</code></bdi>) will be removed from users in Wikimedia sites, keeping it by default for admins and bots only. Your community can ask to retain the old configuration on your wiki before this change happens. Please indicate in [[phab:T355639|this ticket]] to keep it for your community before the end of March 2024. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/09|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W09"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:23, 26 February 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26294125 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-10</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W10"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/10|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>Special:Book</code></bdi> page (as well as the associated "Create a book" functionality) provided by the old [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Collection|Collection extension]] has been removed from all Wikisource wikis, as it was broken. This does not affect the ability to download normal books, which is provided by the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Wikisource|Wikisource extension]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358437] * [[m:Wikitech|Wikitech]] now uses the next-generation [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid|Parsoid]] wikitext parser by default to generate all pages in the Talk namespace. Report any problems on the [[mw:Talk:Parsoid/Parser_Unification/Known_Issues|Known Issues discussion page]]. You can use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:ParserMigration|ParserMigration]] extension to control the use of Parsoid; see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration|ParserMigration help documentation]] for more details. * Maintenance on [https://etherpad.wikimedia.org etherpad] is completed. If you encounter any issues, please indicate in [[phab:T316421|this ticket]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=| Advanced item]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets|Gadgets]] allow interface admins to create custom features with CSS and JavaScript. The <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>Gadget</code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>Gadget_definition</code></bdi> namespaces and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>gadgets-definition-edit</code></bdi> user right were reserved for an experiment in 2015, but were never used. These were visible on Special:Search and Special:ListGroupRights. The unused namespaces and user rights are now removed. No pages are moved, and no changes need to be made. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T31272] * A usability improvement to the "Add a citation" in Wikipedia workflow has been made, the insert button was moved to the popup header. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T354847] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.21|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-05|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-06|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-07|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''Future changes''' * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 20. This is planned at 14:00 UTC. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358233] * The HTML markup of headings and section edit links will be changed later this year to improve accessibility. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Heading_HTML_changes|Heading HTML changes]] for details. The new markup will be the same as in the new Parsoid wikitext parser. You can test your gadget or stylesheet with the new markup if you add <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>?useparsoid=1</code></bdi> to your URL ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration#Selecting_a_parser_using_a_URL_query_string|more info]]) or turn on Parsoid read views in your user options ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration#Enabling_via_user_preference|more info]]). * '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/10|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W10"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:47, 4 March 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26329807 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-11</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W11"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/11|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.22|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-12|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-13|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-14|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * After consulting with various communities, the line height of the text on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Minerva Neue|Minerva skin]] will be increased to its previous value of 1.65. Different options for typography can also be set using the options in the menu, as needed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358498] *The active link color in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Minerva Neue|Minerva]] will be changed to provide more consistency with our other platforms and best practices. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358516] * [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Structured data|Structured data on Commons]] will no longer ask whether you want to leave the page without saving. This will prevent the “information you’ve entered may not be saved” popups from appearing when no information have been entered. It will also make file pages on Commons load faster in certain cases. However, the popups will be hidden even if information has indeed been entered. If you accidentally close the page before saving the structured data you entered, that data will be lost. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T312315] '''Future changes''' * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 20. This is planned at 14:00 UTC. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358233][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server_switch] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/11|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W11"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:04, 11 March 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26374013 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-12</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W12"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/12|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The notice "Language links are at the top of the page" that appears in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Vector/2022|Vector 2022 skin]] main menu has been removed now that users have learned the new location of the Language switcher. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T353619] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP_Editing:_Privacy_Enhancement_and_Abuse_Mitigation/IP_Info_feature|IP info feature]] displays data from Spur, an IP addresses database. Previously, the only data source for this feature was MaxMind. Now, IP info is more useful for patrollers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341395] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The Toolforge Grid Engine services have been shut down after the final migration process from Grid Engine to Kubernetes. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Obsolete:Toolforge/Grid][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/News/Toolforge_Grid_Engine_deprecation][https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2022/03/14/toolforge-and-grid-engine/] * Communities can now customize the default reasons for undeleting a page by creating [[MediaWiki:Undelete-comment-dropdown]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326746] '''Problems''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/RevisionSlider|RevisionSlider]] is an interface to interactively browse a page's history. Users in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:RevisionSlider/Developing_a_RTL-accessible_feature_in_MediaWiki_-_what_we%27ve_learned_while_creating_the_RevisionSlider|right-to-left]] languages reported RevisionSlider reacting wrong to mouse clicks. This should be fixed now. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352169] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.23|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-19|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-20|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-21|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 20. This is planned at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1710943200 14:00 UTC]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358233][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server_switch] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/12|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W12"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:40, 18 March 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26410165 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-13</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W13"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/13|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] An update was made on March 18th 2024 to how various projects load site, user JavaScript and CSS in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Vector/2022|Vector 2022 skin]]. A [[phab:T360384|checklist]] is provided for site admins to follow. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.24|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-26|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-27|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-28|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/13|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W13"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:57, 25 March 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26446209 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-14</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W14"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/14|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Users of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility_for_reading|reading accessibility]] beta feature will notice that the default line height for the standard and large text options has changed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T359030] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.25|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-02|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-03|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-04|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''Future changes''' * The Wikimedia Foundation has an annual plan. The annual plan decides what the Wikimedia Foundation will work on. You can now read [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Product & Technology OKRs#Draft Key Results|the draft key results]] for the Product and Technology department. They are suggestions for what results the Foundation wants from big technical changes from July 2024 to June 2025. You can [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Product & Technology OKRs|comment on the talk page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/14|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W14"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 03:36, 2 April 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26462933 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-15</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W15"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/15|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Web browsers can use tools called [[:w:en:Browser extension|extensions]]. There is now a Chrome extension called [[m:Future Audiences/Experiment:Citation Needed|Citation Needed]] which you can use to see if an online statement is supported by a Wikipedia article. This is a small experiment to see if Wikipedia can be used this way. Because it is a small experiment, it can only be used in Chrome in English. * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] A new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit Recovery|Edit Recovery]] feature has been added to all wikis, available as a [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|user preference]]. Once you enable it, your in-progress edits will be stored in your web browser, and if you accidentally close an editing window or your browser or computer crashes, you will be prompted to recover the unpublished text. Please leave any feedback on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Edit-recovery feature|project talk page]]. This was the #8 wish in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey. * Initial results of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check|Edit check]] experiments [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit_check#4_April_2024|have been published]]. Edit Check is now deployed as a default feature at [[phab:T342930#9538364|the wikis that tested it]]. [[mw:Talk:Edit check|Let us know]] if you want your wiki to be part of the next deployment of Edit check. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T342930][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361727] * Readers using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Minerva Neue|Minerva skin]] on mobile will notice there has been an improvement in the line height across all typography settings. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T359029] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.26|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-09|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-10|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-11|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * New accounts and logged-out users will get the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor|visual editor]] as their default editor on mobile. This deployment is made at all wikis except for the English Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361134] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/15|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W15"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:38, 8 April 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26564838 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-16</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W16"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/16|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * Between 2 April and 8 April, on wikis using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:FlaggedRevs|Flagged Revisions]], the "{{Int:tag-mw-reverted}}" tag was not applied to undone edits. In addition, page moves, protections and imports were not autoreviewed. This problem is now fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361918][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361940] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.1|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-16|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-17|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-18|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#DEFAULTSORT|Default category sort keys]] will now affect categories added by templates placed in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Cite|footnotes]]. Previously footnotes used the page title as the default sort key even if a different default sort key was specified (category-specific sort keys already worked). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T40435] * A new variable <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>page_last_edit_age</code></bdi> will be added to [[Special:AbuseFilter|abuse filters]]. It tells how many seconds ago the last edit to a page was made. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T269769] '''Future changes''' * Volunteer developers are kindly asked to update the code of their tools and features to handle [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]]. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers/2024-04 CTA|Learn more]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Four database fields will be removed from database replicas (including [[quarry:|Quarry]]). This affects only the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>abuse_filter</code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>abuse_filter_history</code></bdi> tables. Some queries might need to be updated. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361996] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/16|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W16"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:29, 15 April 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26564838 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-17</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W17"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/17|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Starting this week, newcomers editing Wikipedia [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Positive reinforcement#Leveling up 3|will be encouraged]] to try structured tasks. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature summary#Newcomer tasks|Structured tasks]] have been shown to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Personalized first day/Structured tasks/Add a link/Experiment analysis, December 2021|improve newcomer activation and retention]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T348086] * You can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|nominate your favorite tools]] for the fifth edition of the Coolest Tool Award. Nominations will be open until May 10. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.2|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-23|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-24|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-25|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''Future changes''' * This is the last warning that by the end of May 2024 the Vector 2022 skin will no longer share site and user scripts/styles with old Vector. For user-scripts that you want to keep using on Vector 2022, copy the contents of [[{{#special:MyPage}}/vector.js]] to [[{{#special:MyPage}}/vector-2022.js]]. There are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Features/Loading Vector 2010 scripts|more technical details]] available. Interface administrators who foresee this leading to lots of technical support questions may wish to send a mass message to your community, as was done on French Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T362701] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/17|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W17"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:28, 22 April 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26647188 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-18</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W18"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/18|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' [[File:Talk_pages_default_look_(April_2023).jpg|thumb|alt=Screenshot of the visual improvements made on talk pages|Example of a talk page with the new design, in French.]] * The appearance of talk pages changed for the following wikis: {{int:project-localized-name-azwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-dewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-idwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ptwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-rowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-thwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ukwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-viwiki/en}}. These wikis participated to a test, where 50% of users got the new design, for one year. As this test [[Mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability/Analysis|gave positive results]], the new design is deployed on these wikis as the default design. It is possible to opt-out these changes [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|in user preferences]] ("{{int:discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}"). The deployment will happen at all wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341491] * Seven new wikis have been created: ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q33014|Betawi]] ([[w:bew:|<code>w:bew:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T357866] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q35708|Kusaal]] ([[w:kus:|<code>w:kus:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T359757] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q35513|Igala]] ([[w:igl:|<code>w:igl:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361644] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary}} in [[d:Q33541|Karakalpak]] ([[wikt:kaa:|<code>wikt:kaa:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T362135] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource}} in [[d:Q9228|Burmese]] ([[s:my:|<code>s:my:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361085] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource}} in [[d:Q9237|Malay]] ([[s:ms:|<code>s:ms:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363039] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource}} in [[d:Q8108|Georgian]] ([[s:ka:|<code>s:ka:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363085] * You can now [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Support#Early_access:_Watch_Message_Groups_on_Translatewiki.net watch message groups/projects] on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/translatewiki.net|Translatewiki.net]]. Initially, this feature will notify you of added or deleted messages in these groups. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T348501] * Dark mode is now available on all wikis, on mobile web for logged-in users who opt into the [[Special:MobileOptions|advanced mode]]. This is the early release of the feature. Technical editors are invited to [https://night-mode-checker.wmcloud.org/ check for accessibility issues on wikis]. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Updates/2024-04|more detailed guidelines]]. '''Problems''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] maps can use an alternative visual style without labels, by using <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mapstyle="osm"</nowiki></code></bdi>. This wasn't working in previews, creating the wrong impression that it wasn't supported. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T362531] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.3|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-30|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-01|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-02|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/18|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W18"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 03:34, 30 April 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26689057 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-19</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W19"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/19|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' [[File:Talk_pages_default_look_(April_2023).jpg|thumb|alt=Screenshot of the visual improvements made on talk pages|Example of a talk page with the new design, in French.]] * The appearance of talk pages changed for all wikis, except for Commons, Wikidata and most Wikipedias ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/18|a few]] have already received this design change). You can read the detail of the changes [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|on ''Diff'']]. It is possible to opt-out these changes [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|in user preferences]] ("{{int:discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}"). The deployment will happen at remaining wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352087][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T319146] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Interface admins now have greater control over the styling of article components on mobile with the introduction of the <code>SiteAdminHelper</code>. More information on how styles can be disabled can be found [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:WikimediaMessages#Site_admin_helper|at the extension's page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363932] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise|Wikimedia Enterprise]] has added article body sections in JSON format and a curated short description field to the existing parsed Infobox. This expansion to the API is also available via Wikimedia Cloud Services. [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/article-sections-and-description/] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.4|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-07|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-08|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-09|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * When you look at the Special:Log page, the first view is labelled "All public logs", but it only shows some logs. This label will now say "Main public logs". [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T237729] '''Future changes''' * A new service will be built to replace [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|Extension:Graph]]. Details can be found in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph/Plans|the latest update]] regarding this extension. * Starting May 21, English Wikipedia and German Wikipedia will get the possibility to activate "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]". This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to all Wikipedias]]. These communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|activate and configure the feature locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308144] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/19|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W19"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:45, 6 May 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26729363 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-20</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W20"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/20|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * On Wikisource there is a special page listing pages of works without corresponding scan images. Now you can use the new magic word <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>__EXPECTWITHOUTSCANS__</code></bdi> to exclude certain pages (list of editions or translations of works) from that list. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344214] * If you use the [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|user-preference]] "{{int:tog-uselivepreview}}", then the template-page feature "{{int:Templatesandbox-editform-legend}}" will now also work without reloading the page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T136907] * [[mw:Special:Mylanguage/Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] maps can now specify an alternative text via the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>alt=</nowiki></code></bdi> attribute. This is identical in usage to the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>alt=</nowiki></code></bdi> attribute in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Images#Syntax|image and gallery syntax]]. An exception for this feature is wikis like Wikivoyage where the miniature maps are interactive. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328137] * The old [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GuidedTour|Guided Tour]] for the "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit Review Improvements/New filters for edit review|New Filters for Edit Review]]" feature has been removed. It was created in 2017 to show people with older accounts how the interface had changed, and has now been seen by most of the intended people. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T217451] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.5|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-14|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-15|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-16|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The [[{{#special:search}}]] results page will now use CSS flex attributes, for better accessibility, instead of a table. If you have a gadget or script that adjusts search results, you should update your script to the new HTML structure. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T320295] '''Future changes''' * In the Vector 2022 skin, main pages will be displayed at full width (like special pages). The goal is to keep the number of characters per line large enough. This is related to the coming changes to typography in Vector 2022. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Updates|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T357706] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Two columns of the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:pagelinks table|pagelinks]]</code></bdi> database table (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>pl_namespace</code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>pl_title</code></bdi>) are being dropped soon. Users must use two columns of the new <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>[[mw:special:MyLanguage/Manual:linktarget table|linktarget]]</code></bdi> table instead (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>lt_namespace</code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>lt_title</code></bdi>). In your existing SQL queries: *# Replace <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>JOIN pagelinks</code></bdi> with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>JOIN linktarget</code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>pl_</code></bdi> with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>lt_</code></bdi> in the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>ON</code></bdi> statement *# Below that add <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>JOIN pagelinks ON lt_id = pl_target_id</code></bdi> ** See <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[phab:T222224]]</bdi> for technical reasoning. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T222224][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T299947] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/20|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W20"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:59, 13 May 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26762074 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-21</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W21"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/21|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Nuke|Nuke]] feature, which enables administrators to mass delete pages, will now correctly delete pages which were moved to another title. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T43351] * New changes have been made to the UploadWizard in Wikimedia Commons: the overall layout has been improved, by following new styling and spacing for the form and its fields; the headers and helper text for each of the fields was changed; the Caption field is now a required field, and there is an option for users to copy their caption into the media description. [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:WMF_support_for_Commons/Upload_Wizard_Improvements#Changes_to_%22Describe%22_workflow][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361049] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.6|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-21|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-22|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-23|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The HTML used to render all headings [[mw:Heading_HTML_changes|is being changed to improve accessibility]]. It will change on 22 May in some skins (Timeless, Modern, CologneBlue, Nostalgia, and Monobook). Please test gadgets on your wiki on these skins and [[phab:T13555|report any related problems]] so that they can be resolved before this change is made in all other skins. The developers are also considering the introduction of a [[phab:T337286|Gadget API for adding buttons to section titles]] if that would be helpful to tool creators, and would appreciate any input you have on that. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/21|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W21"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:04, 20 May 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26786311 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-22</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W22"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/22|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Several bugs related to the latest updates to the UploadWizard on Wikimedia Commons have been fixed. For more information, see [[:phab:T365107|T365107]] and [[:phab:T365119|T365119]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] In March 2024 a new [[mw:ResourceLoader/Core_modules#addPortlet|addPortlet]] API was added to allow gadgets to create new portlets (menus) in the skin. In certain skins this can be used to create dropdowns. Gadget developers are invited to try it and [[phab:T361661|give feedback]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Some CSS in the Minerva skin has been removed to enable easier community configuration. Interface editors should check the rendering on mobile devices for aspects related to the classes: <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>.collapsible</code></bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>.multicol</code></bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>.reflist</code></bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>.coordinates</code></bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>.topicon</code></bdi>. [[phab:T361659|Further details are available on replacement CSS]] if it is needed. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.7|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-28|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-29|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-30|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * When you visit a wiki where you don't yet have a local account, local rules such as edit filters can sometimes prevent your account from being created. Starting this week, MediaWiki takes your global rights into account when evaluating whether you can override such local rules. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T316303] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/22|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W22"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:15, 28 May 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26832205 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-23</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W23"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/23|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * It is now possible for local administrators to add new links to the bottom of the site Tools menu without JavaScript. [[mw:Manual:Interface/Sidebar#Add or remove toolbox sections|Documentation is available]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T6086] * The message name for the definition of the tracking category of WikiHiero has changed from "<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>MediaWiki:Wikhiero-usage-tracking-category</code></bdi>" to "<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>MediaWiki:Wikihiero-usage-tracking-category</code></bdi>". [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/c/mediawiki/extensions/wikihiero/+/1035855] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q5317225|Kadazandusun]] ([[w:dtp:|<code>w:dtp:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T365220] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.8|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-04|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-05|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-06|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''Future changes''' * Next week, on wikis with the Vector 2022 skin as the default, logged-out desktop users will be able to choose between different font sizes. The default font size will also be increased for them. This is to make Wikimedia projects easier to read. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Updates/2024-06 deployments|Learn more]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/23|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W23"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:35, 3 June 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26844397 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-24</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W24"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/24|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The software used to render SVG files has been updated to a new version, fixing many longstanding bugs in SVG rendering. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T265549] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The HTML used to render all headings [[mw:Heading HTML changes|is being changed to improve accessibility]]. It was changed last week in some skins (Vector legacy and Minerva). Please test gadgets on your wiki on these skins and [[phab:T13555|report any related problems]] so that they can be resolved before this change is made in Vector-2022. The developers are still considering the introduction of a [[phab:T337286|Gadget API for adding buttons to section titles]] if that would be helpful to tool creators, and would appreciate any input you have on that. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The HTML markup used for citations by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid|Parsoid]] changed last week. In places where Parsoid previously added the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mw-reference-text</code></bdi> class, Parsoid now also adds the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>reference-text</code></bdi> class for better compatibility with the legacy parser. [[mw:Specs/HTML/2.8.0/Extensions/Cite/Announcement|More details are available]]. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/1036705] '''Problems''' * There was a bug with the Content Translation interface that caused the tools menus to appear in the wrong location. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366374] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.9|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-11|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-12|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-13|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The new version of MediaWiki includes another change to the HTML markup used for citations: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid|Parsoid]] will now generate a <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki><span class="mw-cite-backlink"></nowiki></code></bdi> wrapper for both named and unnamed references for better compatibility with the legacy parser. Interface administrators should verify that gadgets that interact with citations are compatible with the new markup. [[mw:Specs/HTML/2.8.0/Extensions/Cite/Announcement|More details are available]]. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/1035809] * On multilingual wikis that use the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki><translate></nowiki></code></bdi> system, there is a feature that shows potentially-outdated translations with a pink background until they are updated or confirmed. From this week, confirming translations will be logged, and there is a new user-right that can be required for confirming translations if the community [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting wiki configuration changes|requests it]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T49177] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/24|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W24"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:20, 10 June 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26893898 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-25</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W25"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/25|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * People who attempt to add an external link in the visual editor will now receive immediate feedback if they attempt to link to a domain that a project has decided to block. Please see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit_check#11_June_2024|Edit check]] for more details. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366751] * The new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CommunityConfiguration|Community Configuration extension]] is available [[testwiki:Special:CommunityConfiguration|on Test Wikipedia]]. This extension allows communities to customize specific features to meet their local needs. Currently only Growth features are configurable, but the extension will support other [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Community_configuration#Use_cases|Community Configuration use cases]] in the future. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T323811][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T360954] * The dark mode [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] is now available on category and help pages, as well as more special pages. There may be contrast issues. Please report bugs on the [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Accessibility_for_reading|project talk page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366370] '''Problems''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Cloud Services tools were not available for 25 minutes last week. This was caused by a faulty hardware cable in the data center. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incidents/2024-06-11_WMCS_Ceph] * Last week, styling updates were made to the Vector 2022 skin. This caused unforeseen issues with templates, hatnotes, and images. Changes to templates and hatnotes were reverted. Most issues with images were fixed. If you still see any, [[phab:T367463|report them here]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367480] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.10|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-18|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-19|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-20|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * Starting June 18, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#ref|Reference Edit Check]] will be deployed to [[phab:T361843|a new set of Wikipedias]]. This feature is intended to help newcomers and to assist edit-patrollers by inviting people who are adding new content to a Wikipedia article to add a citation when they do not do so themselves. During [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit_check#Reference_Check_A/B_Test|a test at 11 wikis]], the number of citations added [https://diff.wikimedia.org/?p=127553 more than doubled] when Reference Check was shown to people. Reference Check is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Configuration|community configurable]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361843]<!-- NOTE: THE DIFF BLOG WILL BE PUBLISHED ON MONDAY --> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mailing_lists|Mailing lists]] will be unavailable for roughly two hours on Tuesday 10:00–12:00 UTC. This is to enable migration to a new server and upgrade its software. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367521] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/25|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W25"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:49, 17 June 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26911987 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-26</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W26"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/26|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Editors will notice that there have been some changes to the background color of text in the diff view, and the color of the byte-change numbers, last week. These changes are intended to make text more readable in both light mode and dark mode, and are part of a larger effort to increase accessibility. You can share your comments or questions [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading|on the project talkpage]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361717] * The text colors that are used for visited-links, hovered-links, and active-links, were also slightly changed last week to improve their accessibility in both light mode and dark mode. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366515] '''Problems''' * You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#Talk pages permalinking|copy permanent links to talk page comments]] by clicking on a comment's timestamp. [[mw:Talk pages project/Permalinks|This feature]] did not always work when the topic title was very long and the link was used as a wikitext link. This has been fixed. Thanks to Lofhi for submitting the bug. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356196] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.11|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-25|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-26|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-27|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * Starting 26 June, all talk pages messages' timestamps will become a link at English Wikipedia, making this feature available for you to use at all wikis. This link is a permanent link to the comment. It allows users to find the comment they were linked to, even if this comment has since been moved elsewhere. You can read more about this feature [[DiffBlog:/2024/01/29/talk-page-permalinks-dont-lose-your-threads/|on Diff]] or [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#Talk pages permalinking|on Mediawiki.org]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T365974] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/26|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W26"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:33, 24 June 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26989424 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-27</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W27"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/27|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Over the next three weeks, dark mode will become available for all users, both logged-in and logged-out, starting with the mobile web version. This fulfils one of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist_Survey_2023/Reading/Dark_mode|top-requested community wishes]], and improves low-contrast reading and usage in low-light settings. As part of these changes, dark mode will also work on User-pages and Portals. There is more information in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility_for_reading/Updates#June_2024:_Typography_and_dark_mode_deployments,_new_global_preferences|the latest Web team update]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366364] * Logged-in users can now set [[m:Special:GlobalPreferences#mw-prefsection-rendering-skin-skin-prefs|global preferences for the text-size and dark-mode]], thanks to a combined effort across Foundation teams. This allows Wikimedians using multiple wikis to set up a consistent reading experience easily, for example by switching between light and dark mode only once for all wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341278] * If you use a very old web browser some features might not work on the Wikimedia wikis. This affects Internet Explorer 11 and versions of Chrome, Firefox and Safari older than 2016. This change makes it possible to use new [[d:Q46441|CSS]] features and to send less code to all readers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T288287][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:How_to_make_a_MediaWiki_skin#Using_CSS_variables_for_supporting_different_themes_e.g._dark_mode] * Wikipedia Admins can customize local wiki configuration options easily using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Community Configuration|Community Configuration]]. Community Configuration was created to allow communities to customize how some features work, because each language wiki has unique needs. At the moment, admins can configure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature_summary|Growth features]] on their home wikis, in order to better recruit and retain new editors. More options will be provided in the coming months. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366458] * Editors interested in language issues that are related to [[w:en:Unicode|Unicode standards]], can now discuss those topics at [[mw:Talk:WMF membership with Unicode Consortium|a new conversation space in MediaWiki.org]]. The Wikimedia Foundation is now a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/WMF membership with Unicode Consortium|member of the Unicode Consortium]], and the coordination group can collaboratively review the issues discussed and, where appropriate, bring them to the attention of the Unicode Consortium. * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q2891049|Mandailing]] ([[w:btm:|<code>w:btm:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368038] '''Problems''' * Editors can once again click on links within the visual editor's citation-preview, thanks to a bug fix by the Editing Team. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368119] '''Future changes''' * Please [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/758713?lang=en help us to improve Tech News by taking this short survey]. The goal is to better meet the needs of the various types of people who read Tech News. The survey will be open for 2 weeks. The survey is covered by [https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Legal:Tech_News_Survey_2024_Privacy_Statement this privacy statement]. Some translations are available. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/27|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W27"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:59, 1 July 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27038456 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-28</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W28"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/28|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * At the Wikimedia Foundation a new task force was formed to replace the disabled Graph with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project|more secure, easy to use, and extensible Chart]]. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Newsletter:Chart Project|subscribe to the newsletter]] to get notified about new project updates and other news about Chart. * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents]] extension is now available on Meta-wiki, Igbo Wikipedia, and Swahili Wikipedia, and can be requested on your wiki. This extension helps in managing and making events more visible, giving Event organizers the ability to use tools like the Event registration tool. To learn more about the deployment status and how to request this extension for your wiki, visit the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment_status|CampaignEvents page on Meta-wiki]]. * Editors using the iOS Wikipedia app who have more than 50 edits can now use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/iOS Suggested edits#Add an image|Add an Image]] feature. This feature presents opportunities for small but useful contributions to Wikipedia. * Thank you to [[mw:MediaWiki Product Insights/Contributor retention and growth/Celebration|all of the authors]] who have contributed to MediaWiki Core. As a result of these contributions, the [[mw:MediaWiki Product Insights/Contributor retention and growth|percentage of authors contributing more than 5 patches has increased by 25% since last year]], which helps ensure the sustainability of the platform for the Wikimedia projects. '''Problems''' * A problem with the color of the talkpage tabs always showing as blue, even for non-existent pages which should have been red, affecting the Vector 2022 skin, [[phab:T367982|has been fixed]]. '''Future changes''' * The Trust and Safety Product team wants to introduce [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] with as little disruption to tools and workflows as possible. Volunteer developers, including gadget and user-script maintainers, are kindly asked to update the code of their tools and features to handle temporary accounts. The team has [[mw:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers|created documentation]] explaining how to do the update. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers/2024-04 CTA|Learn more]]. '''Tech News survey''' * Please [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/758713?lang=en help us to improve Tech News by taking this short survey]. The goal is to better meet the needs of the various types of people who read Tech News. The survey will be open for 1 more week. The survey is covered by [https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Legal:Tech_News_Survey_2024_Privacy_Statement this privacy statement]. Some translations are available. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/28|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W28"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:32, 8 July 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27080357 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-29</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W29"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/29|Translations]] are available. '''Tech News survey''' * Please [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/758713?lang=en help us to improve Tech News by taking this short survey]. The goal is to better meet the needs of the various types of people who read Tech News. The survey will be open for 3 more days. The survey is covered by [https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Legal:Tech_News_Survey_2024_Privacy_Statement this privacy statement]. Some translations are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Wikimedia developers can now officially continue to use both [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Gerrit|Gerrit]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]], due to a June 24 decision by the Wikimedia Foundation to support software development on both platforms. Gerrit and GitLab are both code repositories used by developers to write, review, and deploy the software code that supports the MediaWiki software that the wiki projects are built on, as well as the tools used by editors to create and improve content. This decision will safeguard the productivity of our developers and prevent problems in code review from affecting our users. More details are available in the [[mw:GitLab/Migration status|Migration status]] page. * The Wikimedia Foundation seeks applicants for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Proposal|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] (PTAC). This group will bring technical contributors and Wikimedia Foundation together to co-define a more resilient, future-proof technological platform. Council members will evaluate and consult on the movement's product and technical activities, so that we develop multi-generational projects. We are looking for a range of technical contributors across the globe, from a variety of Wikimedia projects. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Proposal#Joining the PTAC as a technical volunteer|Please apply here by August 10]]. * Editors with rollback user-rights who use the Wikipedia App for Android can use the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/Anti Vandalism|Edit Patrol]] features. These features include a new feed of Recent Changes, related links such as Undo and Rollback, and the ability to create and save a personal library of user talk messages to use while patrolling. If your wiki wants to make these features available to users who do not have rollback rights but have reached a certain edit threshold, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android#Contact us|you can contact the team]]. You can [[diffblog:2024/07/10/ِaddressing-vandalism-with-a-tap-the-journey-of-introducing-the-patrolling-feature-in-the-mobile-app/|read more about this project on Diff blog]]. * Editors who have access to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/The_Wikipedia_Library|The Wikipedia Library]] can once again use non-open access content in SpringerLinks, after the Foundation [[phab:T368865|contacted]] them to restore access. You can read more about [[m:Tech/News/Recently_resolved_community_tasks|this and 21 other community-submitted tasks that were completed last week]]. '''Changes later this week''' * This week, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Updates/2024-07 deployments|dark mode will be available on a number of Wikipedias]], both desktop and mobile, for logged-in and logged-out users. Interface admins and user script maintainers are encouraged to check gadgets and user scripts in the dark mode, to find any hard-coded colors and fix them. There are some [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Recommendations for night mode compatibility on Wikimedia wikis|recommendations for dark mode compatibility]] to help. '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Next week, functionaries, volunteers maintaining tools, and software development teams are invited to test the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] feature on testwiki. Temporary accounts is a feature that will help improve privacy on the wikis. No further temporary account deployments are scheduled yet. Please [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|share your opinions and questions on the project talk page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T348895] * Editors who upload files cross-wiki, or teach other people how to do so, may wish to join a Wikimedia Commons discussion. The Commons community is discussing limiting who can upload files through the cross-wiki upload/Upload dialog feature to users auto-confirmed on Wikimedia Commons. This is due to the large amount of copyright violations uploaded this way. There is a short summary at [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Cross-wiki upload|Commons:Cross-wiki upload]] and [[c:Commons:Village pump/Proposals#Deactivate cross-wiki uploads for new users|discussion at Commons:Village Pump]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/29|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' You can also get other news from the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin]]. </div><section end="technews-2024-W29"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:31, 16 July 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27124561 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-30</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W30"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/30|Translations]] are available. '''Feature News''' * Stewards can now [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_blocks|globally block]] accounts. Before [[phab:T17294|the change]] only IP addresses and IP ranges could be blocked globally. Global account blocks are useful when the blocked user should not be logged out. [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_locks|Global locks]] (a similar tool logging the user out of their account) are unaffected by this change. The new global account block feature is related to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|Temporary Accounts]] project, which is a new type of user account that replaces IP addresses of unregistered editors that are no longer made public. * Later this week, Wikimedia site users will notice that the Interface of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:FlaggedRevs|FlaggedRevs]] (also known as "Pending Changes") is improved and consistent with the rest of the MediaWiki interface and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Wikimedia's design system]]. The FlaggedRevs interface experience on mobile and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:MinervaNeue|Minerva skin]] was inconsistent before it was fixed and ported to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Codex]] by the WMF Growth team and some volunteers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T191156] * Wikimedia site users can now submit account vanishing requests via [[m:Special:GlobalVanishRequest|GlobalVanishRequest]]. This feature is used when a contributor wishes to stop editing forever. It helps you hide your past association and edit to protect your privacy. Once processed, the account will be locked and renamed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367329] * Have you tried monitoring and addressing vandalism in Wikipedia using your phone? [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/10/%d9%90addressing-vandalism-with-a-tap-the-journey-of-introducing-the-patrolling-feature-in-the-mobile-app/ A Diff blog post on Patrolling features in the Mobile App] highlights some of the new capabilities of the feature, including swiping through a feed of recent changes and a personal library of user talk messages for use when patrolling from your phone. * Wikimedia contributors and GLAM (galleries, libraries, archives, and museums) organisations can now learn and measure the impact Wikimedia Commons is having towards creating quality encyclopedic content using the [https://doc.wikimedia.org/generated-data-platform/aqs/analytics-api/reference/commons.html Commons Impact Metrics] analytics dashboard. The dashboard offers organizations analytics on things like monthly edits in a category, the most viewed files, and which Wikimedia articles are using Commons images. As a result of these new data dumps, GLAM organisation can more reliably measure their return on investment for programs bringing content into the digital Commons. [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/19/commons-impact-metrics-now-available-via-data-dumps-and-api/] '''Project Updates''' * Come share your ideas for improving the wikis on the newly reopened [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist|Community Wishlist]]. The Community Wishlist is Wikimedia’s forum for volunteers to share ideas (called wishes) to improve how the wikis work. The new version of the wishlist is always open, works with both wikitext and Visual Editor, and allows wishes in any language. '''Learn more''' * Have you ever wondered how Wikimedia software works across over 300 languages? This is 253 languages more than the Google Chrome interface, and it's no accident. The Language and Product Localization Team at the Wikimedia Foundation supports your work by adapting all the tools and interfaces in the MediaWiki software so that contributors in our movement who translate pages and strings can translate them and have the sites in all languages. Read more about the team and their upcoming work on [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/17/building-towards-a-robust-multilingual-knowledge-ecosystem-for-the-wikimedia-movement/ Diff]. * How can Wikimedia build innovative and experimental products while maintaining such heavily used websites? A recent [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/09/on-the-value-of-experimentation/ blog post] by WMF staff Johan Jönsson highlights the work of the [[m:Future Audiences#Objectives and Key Results|WMF Future Audience initiative]], where the goal is not to build polished products but test out new ideas, such as a [[m:Future_Audiences/Experiments: conversational/generative AI|ChatGPT plugin]] and [[m:Future_Audiences/Experiment:Add a Fact|Add a Fact]], to help take Wikimedia into the future. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/30|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' You can also get other news from the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin]]. </div><section end="technews-2024-W30"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:05, 23 July 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27142915 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-31</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W31"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/31|Translations]] are available. '''Feature news''' * Editors using the Visual Editor in languages that use non-Latin characters for numbers, such as Hindi, Manipuri and Eastern Arabic, may notice some changes in the formatting of reference numbers. This is a side effect of preparing a new sub-referencing feature, and will also allow fixing some general numbering issues in Visual Editor. If you notice any related problems on your wiki, please share details at the [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|project talkpage]]. '''Bugs status''' * Some logged-in editors were briefly unable to edit or load pages last week. [[phab:T370304|These errors]] were mainly due to the addition of new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Linter|linter]] rules which led to caching problems. Fixes have been applied and investigations are continuing. * Editors can use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/IP Info|IP Information tool]] to get information about IP addresses. This tool is available as a Beta Feature in your preferences. The tool was not available for a few days last week, but is now working again. Thank you to Shizhao for filing the bug report. You can read about that, and [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks#2024-07-25|28 other community-submitted tasks]] that were resolved last week. '''Project updates''' * There are new features and improvements to Phabricator from the Release Engineering and Collaboration Services teams, and some volunteers, including: the search systems, the new task creation system, the login systems, the translation setup which has resulted in support for more languages (thanks to Pppery), and fixes for many edge-case errors. You can [[phab:phame/post/view/316/iterative_improvements/|read details about these and other improvements in this summary]]. * There is an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|update on the Charts project]]. The team has decided which visualization library to use, which chart types to start focusing on, and where to store chart definitions. * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikivoyage}} in [[d:Q9056|Czech]] ([[voy:cs:|<code>voy:cs:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370905] '''Learn more''' * There is a [[diffblog:2024/07/26/the-journey-to-open-our-first-data-center-in-south-america/|new Wikimedia Foundation data center]] in São Paulo, Brazil which helps to reduce load times. * There is new [[diffblog:2024/07/22/the-perplexing-process-of-uploading-images-to-wikipedia/|user research]] on problems with the process of uploading images. * Commons Impact Metrics are [[diffblog:2024/07/19/commons-impact-metrics-now-available-via-data-dumps-and-api/|now available]] via data dumps and API. * The latest quarterly [[mw:Technical Community Newsletter/2024/July|Technical Community Newsletter]] is now available. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/31|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W31"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:11, 29 July 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27164109 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-32</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W32"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/32|Translations]] are available. '''Feature news''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Two new parser functions will be available this week: <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic_words#dir|#dir]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> and <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic_words#bcp47|#bcp47]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code>. These will reduce the need for <code>Template:Dir</code> and <code>Template:BCP47</code> on Commons and allow us to [[phab:T343131|drop 100 million rows]] from the "what links here" database. Editors at any wiki that use these templates, can help by replacing the templates with these new functions. The templates at Commons will be updated during the Hackathon at Wikimania. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T359761][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366623] * Communities can request the activation of the visual editor on entire namespaces where discussions sometimes happen (for instance ''Wikipedia:'' or ''Wikisource:'' namespaces) if they understand the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/FAQ#WPNS|known limitations]]. For discussions, users can already use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] in these namespaces. * The tracking category "Pages using Timeline" has been renamed to "Pages using the EasyTimeline extension" [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3ATimeline-tracking-category&namespace=8 in TranslateWiki]. Wikis that have created the category locally should rename their local creation to match. '''Project updates''' * Editors who help to organize WikiProjects and similar on-wiki collaborations, are invited to share ideas and examples of successful collaborations with the Campaigns and Programs teams. You can fill out [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Campaigns/WikiProjects|a brief survey]] or share your thoughts [[m:Talk:Campaigns/WikiProjects|on the talkpage]]. The teams are particularly looking for details about successful collaborations on non-English wikis. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] The new parser is being rolled out on {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikivoyage}} wikis over the next few months. The {{int:project-localized-name-enwikivoyage}} and {{int:project-localized-name-hewikivoyage}} were [[phab:T365367|switched]] to Parsoid last week. For more information, see [[mw:Parsoid/Parser_Unification|Parsoid/Parser Unification]]. '''Learn more''' * There will be more than 200 sessions at Wikimania this week. Here is a summary of some of the [[diffblog:2024/08/05/interested-in-product-and-tech-here-are-some-wikimania-sessions-you-dont-want-to-miss/|key sessions related to the product and technology area]]. * The latest [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2024/07-02|Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin]] is available. * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2024/July|Language and Internationalization newsletter]] is available. It includes: New design previews for Translatable pages; Updates about MinT for Wiki Readers; the release of Translation dumps; and more. * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters/31|Growth newsletter]] is available. * The latest monthly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Reports/July 2024|MediaWiki Product Insights newsletter]] is available. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/32|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W32"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:44, 5 August 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27233905 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-33</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W33"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/33|Translations]] are available. '''Feature news''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]] editors and maintainers can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter/Actions#Show a CAPTCHA|make a CAPTCHA show if a filter matches an edit]]. This allows communities to quickly respond to spamming by automated bots. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T20110] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Stewards|Stewards]] can now specify if global blocks should prevent account creation. Before [[phab:T17273|this change]] by the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product|Trust and Safety Product]] Team, all global blocks would prevent account creation. This will allow stewards to reduce the unintended side-effects of global blocks on IP addresses. '''Project updates''' * [[wikitech:Help talk:Toolforge/Toolforge standards committee#August_2024_committee_nominations|Nominations are open on Wikitech]] for new members to refresh the [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Toolforge standards committee|Toolforge standards committee]]. The committee oversees the Toolforge [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Right to fork policy|Right to fork policy]] and [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Abandoned tool policy|Abandoned tool policy]] among other duties. Nominations will remain open until at least 2024-08-26. * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q2880037|West Coast Bajau]] ([[w:bdr:|<code>w:bdr:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T371757] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/33|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W33"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:22, 12 August 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27253654 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-34</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W34"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/34|Translations]] are available. '''Feature news''' * Editors who want to re-use references but with different details such as page numbers, will be able to do so by the end of 2024, using a new [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Sub-referencing in a nutshell|sub-referencing]] feature. You can read more [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|about the project]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Test|how to test the prototype]]. * Editors using tracking categories to identify which pages use specific extensions may notice that six of the categories have been renamed to make them more easily understood and consistent. These categories are automatically added to pages that use specialized MediaWiki extensions. The affected names are for: [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Aintersection-category&namespace=8 DynamicPageList], [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Akartographer-tracking-category&namespace=8 Kartographer], [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Aphonos-tracking-category&namespace=8 Phonos], [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Arss-tracking-category&namespace=8 RSS], [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Ascore-use-category&namespace=8 Score], [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Awikihiero-usage-tracking-category&namespace=8 WikiHiero]. Wikis that have created the category locally should rename their local creation to match. Thanks to Pppery for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T347324] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Technical volunteers who edit modules and want to get a list of the categories used on a page, can now do so using the <code><bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">categories</bdi></code> property of <code><bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">[[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#Title objects|mw.title objects]]</bdi></code>. This enables wikis to configure workflows such as category-specific edit notices. Thanks to SD001 for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T50175][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T85372] '''Bugs status''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Your help is needed to check if any pages need to be moved or deleted. A maintenance script was run to clean up unreachable pages (due to Unicode issues or introduction of new namespaces/namespace aliases). The script tried to find appropriate names for the pages (e.g. by following the Unicode changes or by moving pages whose titles on Wikipedia start with <code>Talk:WP:</code> so that their titles start with <code>Wikipedia talk:</code>), but it may have failed for some pages, and moved them to <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">[[Special:PrefixIndex/T195546/]]</bdi> instead. Your community should check if any pages are listed there, and move them to the correct titles, or delete them if they are no longer needed. A full log (including pages for which appropriate names could be found) is available in [[phab:P67388]]. * Editors who volunteer as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship|mentors]] to newcomers on their wiki are once again able to access lists of potential mentees who they can connect with to offer help and guidance. This functionality was restored thanks to [[phab:T372164|a bug fix]]. Thank you to Mbch331 for filing the bug report. You can read about that, and 18 other community-submitted tasks that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Project updates''' * The application deadline for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Proposal|Product & Technology Advisory Council]] (PTAC) has been extended to September 16. Members will help by providing advice to Foundation Product and Technology leadership on short and long term plans, on complex strategic problems, and help to get feedback from more contributors and technical communities. Selected members should expect to spend roughly 5 hours per month for the Council, during the one year pilot. Please consider applying, and spread the word to volunteers you think would make a positive contribution to the committee. '''Learn more''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award#2024 Winners|2024 Coolest Tool Awards]] were awarded at Wikimania, in seven categories. For example, one award went to the ISA Tool, used for adding structured data to files on Commons, which was recently improved during the [[m:Event:Wiki Mentor Africa ISA Hackathon 2024|Wiki Mentor Africa Hackathon]]. You can see video demonstrations of each tool at the awards page. Congratulations to this year's recipients, and thank you to all tool creators and maintainers. * The latest [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2024/08-01|Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin]] is available, and includes some highlights from Wikimania, an upcoming Language community meeting, and other news from the movement. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/34|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W34"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:55, 20 August 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27307284 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-35</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W35"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/35|Translations]] are available. '''Feature news''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Administrators can now test the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] feature on test2wiki. This was done to allow cross-wiki testing of temporary accounts, for when temporary accounts switch between projects. The feature was enabled on testwiki a few weeks ago. No further temporary account deployments are scheduled yet. Temporary Accounts is a project to create a new type of user account that replaces IP addresses of unregistered editors which are no longer made public. Please [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|share your opinions and questions on the project talk page]]. * Later this week, editors at wikis that use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:FlaggedRevs|FlaggedRevs]] (also known as "Pending Changes") may notice that the indicators at the top of articles have changed. This change makes the system more consistent with the rest of the MediaWiki interface. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T191156] '''Bugs status''' * Editors who use the 2010 wikitext editor, and use the Character Insert buttons, will [[phab:T361465|no longer]] experience problems with the buttons adding content into the edit-summary instead of the edit-window. You can read more about that, and 26 other community-submitted tasks that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Project updates''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] Please review and vote on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas|Focus Areas]], which are groups of wishes that share a problem. Focus Areas were created for the newly reopened Community Wishlist, which is now open year-round for submissions. The first batch of focus areas are specific to moderator workflows, around welcoming newcomers, minimizing repetitive tasks, and prioritizing tasks. Once volunteers have reviewed and voted on focus areas, the Foundation will then review and select focus areas for prioritization. * Do you have a project and are willing to provide a three (3) month mentorship for an intern? [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Outreachy|Outreachy]] is a twice a year program for people to participate in a paid internship that will start in December 2024 and end in early March 2025, and they need mentors and projects to work on. Projects can be focused on coding or non-coding (design, documentation, translation, research). See the Outreachy page for more details, and a list of past projects since 2013. '''Learn more''' * If you're curious about the product and technology improvements made by the Wikimedia Foundation last year, read [[diffblog:2024/08/21/wikimedia-foundation-product-technology-improving-the-user-experience/|this recent highlights summary on Diff]]. * To learn more about the technology behind the Wikimedia projects, you can now watch sessions from the technology track at Wikimania 2024 on Commons. This week, check out: ** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Ohrid - Day 2 - Community Configuration - Shaping On-Wiki Functionality Together.webm|Community Configuration - Shaping On-Wiki Functionality Together]] (55 mins) - about the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Community Configuration|Community Configuration]] project. ** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Belgrade - Day 1 - Future of MediaWiki. A sustainable platform to support a collaborative user base and billions of page views.webm|Future of MediaWiki. A sustainable platform to support a collaborative user base and billions of page views]] (30 mins) - an overview for both technical and non technical audiences, covering some of the challenges and open questions, related to the [[mw:MediaWiki Product Insights|platform evolution, stewardship and developer experiences]] research. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/35|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W35"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:34, 26 August 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27341211 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-36</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W36"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/36|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Editors and volunteer developers interested in data visualisation can now test the new software for charts. Its early version is available on beta Commons and beta Wikipedia. This is an important milestone before making charts available on regular wikis. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|read more about this project update]] and help to test the charts. '''Feature news''' * Editors who use the [[{{#special:Unusedtemplates}}]] page can now filter out pages which are expected to be there permanently, such as sandboxes, test-cases, and templates that are always substituted. Editors can add the new magic word [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#EXPECTUNUSEDTEMPLATE|<code dir="ltr"><nowiki>__EXPECTUNUSEDTEMPLATE__</nowiki></code>]] to a template page to hide it from the listing. Thanks to Sophivorus and DannyS712 for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T184633] * Editors who use the New Topic tool on discussion pages, will [[phab:T334163|now be reminded]] to add a section header, which should help reduce the quantity of newcomers who add sections without a header. You can read more about that, and {{formatnum:28}} other community-submitted tasks that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. * Last week, some Toolforge tools had occasional connection problems. The cause is still being investigated, but the problems have been resolved for now. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373243] * Translation administrators at multilingual wikis, when editing multiple translation units, can now easily mark which changes require updates to the translation. This is possible with the [[phab:T298852#10087288|new dropdown menu]]. '''Project updates''' * A new draft text of a policy discussing the use of Wikimedia's APIs [[m:Special:MyLanguage/API Policy Update 2024|has been published on Meta-Wiki]]. The draft text does not reflect a change in policy around the APIs; instead, it is an attempt to codify existing API rules. Comments, questions, and suggestions are welcome on [[m:Talk:API Policy Update 2024|the proposed update’s talk page]] until September 13 or until those discussions have concluded. '''Learn more''' * To learn more about the technology behind the Wikimedia projects, you can now watch sessions from the technology track at Wikimania 2024 on Commons. This week, check out: ** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Ohrid - Day 2 - Charts, the successor of Graphs - A secure and extensible tool for data visualization.webm|Charts, the successor of Graphs - A secure and extensible tool for data visualization]] (25 mins) – about the above-mentioned Charts project. ** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Ohrid - Day 3 - State of Language Technology and Onboarding at Wikimedia.webm|State of Language Technology and Onboarding at Wikimedia]] (90 mins) – about some of the language tools that support Wikimedia sites, such as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation|Content]]/[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation/Section translation|Section Translation]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MinT|MinT]], and LanguageConverter; also the current state and future of languages onboarding. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368772] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/36|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W36"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:08, 3 September 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27390268 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-37</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W37"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/37|Translations]] are available. '''Feature news''' * Starting this week, the standard [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|syntax highlighter]] will receive new colors that make them compatible in dark mode. This is the first of many changes to come as part of a major upgrade to syntax highlighting. You can learn more about what's to come on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|help page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T365311][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259059] * Editors of wikis using Wikidata will now be notified of only relevant Wikidata changes in their watchlist. This is because the Lua functions <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>entity:getSitelink()</code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mw.wikibase.getSitelink(qid)</code></bdi> will have their logic unified for tracking different aspects of sitelinks to reduce junk notifications from [[m:Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects/Projects/Watchlist Wikidata Sitelinks Tracking|inconsistent sitelinks tracking]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T295356] '''Project updates''' * Users of all Wikis will have access to Wikimedia sites as read-only for a few minutes on September 25, starting at 15:00 UTC. This is a planned datacenter switchover for maintenance purposes. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370962] * Contributors of [[phab:T363538#10123348|11 Wikipedias]], including English will have a new <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>MOS</code></bdi> namespace added to their Wikipedias. This improvement ensures that links beginning with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>MOS:</code></bdi> (usually shortcuts to the [[w:en:Wikipedia:Manual of Style|Manual of Style]]) are not broken by [[w:en:Mooré|Mooré]] Wikipedia (language code <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mos</code></bdi>). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363538] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/37|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W37"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:53, 9 September 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27424457 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-38</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W38"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/38|Translations]] are available. '''Improvements and Maintenance''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] Editors interested in templates can help by reading the latest Wishlist focus area, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|Template recall and discovery]], and share your feedback on the talkpage. This input helps the Community Tech team to decide the right technical approach to build. Everyone is also encouraged to continue adding [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist|new wishes]]. * The new automated [[{{#special:NamespaceInfo}}]] page helps editors understand which [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Namespaces|namespaces]] exist on each wiki, and some details about how they are configured. Thanks to DannyS712 for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T263513] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Reference check|References Check]] is a feature that encourages editors to add a citation when they add a new paragraph to a Wikipedia article. For a short time, the corresponding tag "Edit Check (references) activated" was erroneously being applied to some edits outside of the main namespace. This has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373692] * It is now possible for a wiki community to change the order in which a page’s categories are displayed on their wiki. By default, categories are displayed in the order they appear in the wikitext. Now, wikis with a consensus to do so can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting wiki configuration changes|request]] a configuration change to display them in alphabetical order. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373480] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Tool authors can now access ToolsDB's [[wikitech:Portal:Data Services#ToolsDB|public databases]] from both [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Research:Quarry|Quarry]] and [[wikitech:Superset|Superset]]. Those databases have always been accessible to every [[wikitech:Portal:Toolforge|Toolforge]] user, but they are now more broadly accessible, as Quarry can be accessed by anyone with a Wikimedia account. In addition, Quarry's internal database can now be [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Research:Quarry#Querying Quarry's own database|queried from Quarry itself]]. This database contains information about all queries that are being run and starred by users in Quarry. This information was already public through the web interface, but you can now query it using SQL. You can read more about that, and {{formatnum:20}} other community-submitted tasks that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. * Any pages or tools that still use the very old CSS classes <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mw-message-box</code></bdi> need to be updated. These old classes will be removed next week or soon afterwards. Editors can use a [https://global-search.toolforge.org/?q=mw-message-box&regex=1&namespaces=&title= global-search] to determine what needs to be changed. It is possible to use the newer <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>cdx-message</code></bdi> group of classes as a replacement (see [https://doc.wikimedia.org/codex/latest/components/demos/message.html#css-only-version the relevant Codex documentation], and [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tech/Header&diff=prev&oldid=27449042 an example update]), but using locally defined onwiki classes would be best. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374499] '''Technical project updates''' * Next week, all Wikimedia wikis will be read-only for a few minutes. This will start on September 25 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1727276400 15:00 UTC]. This is a planned datacenter switchover for maintenance purposes. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|This maintenance process also targets other services.]] The previous switchover took 3 minutes, and the Site Reliability Engineering teams use many tools to make sure that this essential maintenance work happens as quickly as possible. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370962] '''Tech in depth''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] The latest monthly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Reports/August 2024|MediaWiki Product Insights newsletter]] is available. This edition includes details about: research about [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Hooks|hook]] handlers to help simplify development, research about performance improvements, work to improve the REST API for end-users, and more. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] To learn more about the technology behind the Wikimedia projects, you can now watch sessions from the technology track at Wikimania 2024 on Commons. This week, check out: ** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Auditorium Kyiv - Day 4 - Hackathon Showcase.webm|Hackathon Showcase]] (45 mins) - 19 short presentations by some of the Hackathon participants, describing some of the projects they worked on, such as automated testing of maintenance scripts, a video-cutting command line tool, and interface improvements for various tools. There are [[phab:T369234|more details and links available]] in the Phabricator task. ** [[c:File:Co-Creating a Sustainable Future for the Toolforge Ecosystem.webm|Co-Creating a Sustainable Future for the Toolforge Ecosystem]] (40 mins) - a roundtable discussion for tool-maintainers, users, and supporters of Toolforge about how to make the platform sustainable and how to evaluate the tools available there. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/38|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W38"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:03, 17 September 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27460876 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-39</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W39"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/39|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * All wikis will be [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|read-only]] for a few minutes on Wednesday September 25 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1727276400 15:00 UTC]. Reading the wikis will not be interrupted, but editing will be paused. These twice-yearly processes allow WMF's site reliability engineering teams to remain prepared to keep the wikis functioning even in the event of a major interruption to one of our data centers. '''Updates for editors''' [[File:Add alt text from a halfsheet, with the article behind.png|thumb|A screenshot of the interface for the Alt Text suggested-edit feature]] * Editors who use the iOS Wikipedia app in Spanish, Portuguese, French, or Chinese, may see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/iOS Suggested edits project/Alt Text Experiment|Alt Text suggested-edit experiment]] after editing an article, or completing a suggested edit using "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/iOS Suggested edits project#Hypothesis 2 Add an Image Suggested Edit|Add an image]]". Alt-text helps people with visual impairments to read Wikipedia articles. The team aims to learn if adding alt-text to images is a task that editors can be successful with. Please share any feedback on [[mw:Talk:Wikimedia Apps/iOS Suggested edits project/Alt Text Experiment|the discussion page]]. * The Codex color palette has been updated with new and revised colors for the MediaWiki user interfaces. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Design System Team/Color/Design documentation#Updates|most noticeable changes]] for editors include updates for: dark mode colors for Links and for quiet Buttons (progressive and destructive), visited Link colors for both light and dark modes, and background colors for system-messages in both light and dark modes. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] It is now possible to include clickable wikilinks and external links inside code blocks. This includes links that are used within <code><nowiki><syntaxhighlight></nowiki></code> tags and on code pages (JavaScript, CSS, Scribunto and Sanitized CSS). Uses of template syntax <code><nowiki>{{…}}</nowiki></code> are also linked to the template page. Thanks to SD0001 for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368166] * Two bugs were fixed in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Account vanishing|GlobalVanishRequest]] system by improving the logging and by removing an incorrect placeholder message. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370595][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T372223] * View all {{formatnum:25}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:25|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] From [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise|Wikimedia Enterprise]]: ** The API now enables 5,000 on-demand API requests per month and twice-monthly HTML snapshots freely (gratis and libre). More information on the updates and also improvements to the software development kits (SDK) are explained on [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/enhanced-free-api/ the project's blog post]. While Wikimedia Enterprise APIs are designed for high-volume commercial reusers, this change enables many more community use-cases to be built on the service too. ** The Snapshot API (html dumps) have added beta Structured Contents endpoints ([https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/structured-contents-snapshot-api/ blog post on that]) as well as released two beta datasets (English and French Wikipedia) from that endpoint to Hugging Face for public use and feedback ([https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/hugging-face-dataset/ blog post on that]). These pre-parsed data sets enable new options for researchers, developers, and data scientists to use and study the content. '''In depth''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] The Wikidata Query Service (WDQS) is used to get answers to questions using the Wikidata data set. As Wikidata grows, we had to make a major architectural change so that WDQS could remain performant. As part of the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS graph split|WDQS Graph Split project]], we have new SPARQL endpoints available for serving the "[https://query-scholarly.wikidata.org scholarly]" and "[https://query-main.wikidata.org main]" subgraphs of Wikidata. The [http://query.wikidata.org query.wikidata.org endpoint] will continue to serve the full Wikidata graph until March 2025. After this date, it will only serve the main graph. For more information, please see [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/September 2024 scaling update|the announcement on Wikidata]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/39|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W39"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:37, 23 September 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27493779 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-40</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W40"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/40|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Readers of [[phab:T375401|42 more wikis]] can now use Dark Mode. If the option is not yet available for logged-out users of your wiki, this is likely because many templates do not yet display well in Dark Mode. Please use the [https://night-mode-checker.wmcloud.org/ night-mode-checker tool] if you are interested in helping to reduce the number of issues. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Recommendations for night mode compatibility on Wikimedia wikis|recommendations page]] provides guidance on this. Dark Mode is enabled on additional wikis once per month. * Editors using the 2010 wikitext editor as their default can access features from the 2017 wikitext editor by adding <code dir=ltr>?veaction=editsource</code> to the URL. If you would like to enable the 2017 wikitext editor as your default, it can be set in [[Special:Preferences#mw-input-wpvisualeditor-newwikitext|your preferences]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T239796] * For logged-out readers using the Vector 2022 skin, the "donate" link has been moved from a collapsible menu next to the content area into a more prominent top menu, next to "Create an account". This restores the link to the level of prominence it had in the Vector 2010 skin. [[mw:Readers/2024 Reader and Donor Experiences#Donor Experiences (Key Result WE 3.2 and the related hypotheses)|Learn more]] about the changes related to donor experiences. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373585] * The CampaignEvents extension provides tools for organizers to more easily manage events, communicate with participants, and promote their events on the wikis. The extension has been [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|enabled]] on Arabic Wikipedia, Igbo Wikipedia, Swahili Wikipedia, and Meta-Wiki. [[w:zh:Wikipedia:互助客栈/其他#引進CampaignEvents擴充功能|Chinese Wikipedia has decided]] to enable the extension, and discussions on the extension are in progress [[w:es:Wikipedia:Votaciones/2024/Sobre la política de Organizadores de Eventos|on Spanish Wikipedia]] and [[d:Wikidata:Project chat#Enabling the CampaignEvents Extention on Wikidata|on Wikidata]]. To learn how to enable the extension on your wiki, you can visit [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents|the CampaignEvents page on Meta-Wiki]]. * View all {{formatnum:22}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:22|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Developers with an account on Wikitech-wiki should [[wikitech:Wikitech/SUL-migration|check if any action is required]] for their accounts. The wiki is being changed to use the single-user-login (SUL) system, and other configuration changes. This change will help reduce the overall complexity for the weekly software updates across all our wikis. '''In depth''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|server switch]] was completed successfully last week with a read-only time of [[wikitech:Switch Datacenter#Past Switches|only 2 minutes 46 seconds]]. This periodic process makes sure that engineers can switch data centers and keep all of the wikis available for readers, even if there are major technical issues. It also gives engineers a chance to do maintenance and upgrades on systems that normally run 24 hours a day, and often helps to reveal weaknesses in the infrastructure. The process involves dozens of software services and hundreds of hardware servers, and requires multiple teams working together. Work over the past few years has reduced the time from 17 minutes down to 2–3 minutes. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/66ZW7B2MG63AESQVTXDIFQBDBS766JGW/] '''Meetings and events''' * October 4–6: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiIndaba conference 2024|WikiIndaba Conference's Hackathon]] in Johannesburg, South Africa * November 4–6: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2024|MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2024]] in Vienna, Austria '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/40|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W40"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:21, 30 September 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27530062 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-41</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W41"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/41|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Communities can now request installation of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Automoderator|Automoderator]] on their wiki. Automoderator is an automated anti-vandalism tool that reverts bad edits based on scores from the new "Revert Risk" machine learning model. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AutoModerator/Deploying|read details about the necessary steps]] for installation and configuration. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336934] '''Updates for editors''' * Translators in wikis where [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation/Section translation#Try the tool|the mobile experience of Content Translation is available]], can now customize their articles suggestion list from 41 filtering options when using the tool. This topic-based article suggestion feature makes it easy for translators to self-discover relevant articles based on their area of interest and translate them. You can [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&active-list=suggestions try it with your mobile device]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368422] * View all {{formatnum:12}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:12|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * It is now possible for <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki><syntaxhighlight></nowiki></code></bdi> code blocks to offer readers a "Copy" button if the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>copy=1</nowiki></code></bdi> attribute is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:SyntaxHighlight#copy|set on the tag]]. Thanks to SD0001 for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T40932] * Customized copyright footer messages on all wikis will be updated. The new versions will use wikitext markup instead of requiring editing raw HTML. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375789] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Later this month, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] will be rolled out on several pilot wikis. The final list of the wikis will be published in the second half of the month. If you maintain any tools, bots, or gadgets on [[phab:T376499|these 11 wikis]], and your software is using data about IP addresses or is available for logged-out users, please check if it needs to be updated to work with temporary accounts. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers|Guidance on how to update the code is available]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Rate limiting has been enabled for the code review tools [[Wikitech:Gerrit|Gerrit]] and [[Wikitech:GitLab|GitLab]] to address ongoing issues caused by malicious traffic and scraping. Clients that open too many concurrent connections will be restricted for a few minutes. This rate limiting is managed through [[Wikitech:nftables|nftables]] firewall rules. For more details, see Wikitech's pages on [[Wikitech:Firewall#Throttling with nftables|Firewall]], [[Wikitech:GitLab/Abuse and rate limiting|GitLab limits]] and [[Wikitech:Gerrit/Operations#Throttling IPs|Gerrit operations]]. * Five new wikis have been created: ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q49224|Komering]] ([[w:kge:|<code>w:kge:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374813] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q36096|Mooré]] ([[m:mos:|<code>m:mos:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374641] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary}} in [[d:Q36213|Madurese]] ([[wikt:mad:|<code>wikt:mad:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374968] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikiquote}} in [[d:Q2501174|Gorontalo]] ([[q:gor:|<code>q:gor:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375088] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikinews}} in [[d:Q56482|Shan]] ([[n:shn:|<code>n:shn:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375430] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/41|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W41"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:43, 7 October 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27557422 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-42</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W42"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/42|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The Structured Discussion extension (also known as Flow) is starting to be removed. This extension is unmaintained and causes issues. It will be replaced by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]], which is used on any regular talk page. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured Discussions/Deprecation#Deprecation timeline|A first set of wikis]] are being contacted. These wikis are invited to stop using Flow, and to move all Flow boards to sub-pages, as archives. At these wikis, a script will move all Flow pages that aren't a sub-page to a sub-page automatically, starting on 22 October 2024. On 28 October 2024, all Flow boards at these wikis will be set in read-only mode. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Structured_Discussions/Deprecation][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370722] * WMF's Search Platform team is working on making it easier for readers to perform text searches in their language. A [[phab:T332342|change last week]] on over 30 languages makes it easier to find words with accents and other diacritics. This applies to both full-text search and to types of advanced search such as the <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">''hastemplate''</bdi> and <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">''incategory''</bdi> keywords. More technical details (including a few other minor search upgrades) are available. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/User:TJones_%28WMF%29/Notes/Language_Analyzer_Harmonization_Notes#ASCII-folding/ICU-folding_%28T332342%29] * View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check|EditCheck]] was installed at Russian Wikipedia, and fixes were made for some missing user interface styles. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Editors who use the Toolforge tool [[toolforge:copyvios|Earwig's Copyright Violation Detector]] will now be required to log in with their Wikimedia account before running checks using the "search engine" option. This change is needed to help prevent external bots from misusing the system. Thanks to Chlod for these improvements. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:New_pages_patrol/Reviewers#Authentication_is_now_required_for_search_engine_checks_on_Earwig's_Copyvio_Tool] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Phabricator|Phabricator]] users can create tickets and add comments on existing tickets via Email again. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Phabricator/Help#Using email|Sending email to Phabricator]] has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356077] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Some HTML elements in the interface are now wrapped with a <code><nowiki><bdi></nowiki></code> element, to make our HTML output more aligned with Web standards. More changes like this will be coming in future weeks. This change might break some tools that rely on the previous HTML structure of the interface. Note that relying on the HTML structure of the interface is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Stable interface policy/Frontend#What is not stable?|not recommended]] and might break at any time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375975] '''In depth''' * The latest monthly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Reports/September 2024|MediaWiki Product Insights newsletter]] is available. This edition includes: updates on Wikimedia's authentication system, research to simplify feature development in the MediaWiki platform, updates on Parser Unification and MathML rollout, and more. * The latest quarterly [[mw:Technical Community Newsletter/2024/October|Technical Community Newsletter]] is now available. This edition include: research about improving topic suggestions related to countries, improvements to PHPUnit tests, and more. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/42|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W42"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:22, 14 October 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27597254 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-43</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W43"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/43|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Mobile Apps team has released an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Navigation Refresh#Phase 1: Creating a user Profile Menu (T373714)|update]] to the iOS app's navigation, and it is now available in the latest App store version. The team added a new Profile menu that allows for easy access to editor features like Notifications and Watchlist from the Article view, and brings the "Donate" button into a more accessible place for users who are reading an article. This is the first phase of a larger planned [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Navigation Refresh|navigation refresh]] to help the iOS app transition from a primarily reader-focused app, to an app that fully supports reading and editing. The Wikimedia Foundation has added more editing features and support for on-wiki communication based on volunteer requests in recent years. [[File:IOS App Navigation refresh first phase 05.png|thumb|iOS Wikipedia App's profile menu and contents]] '''Updates for editors''' * Wikipedia readers can now download a browser extension to experiment with some early ideas on potential features that recommend articles for further reading, automatically summarize articles, and improve search functionality. For more details and to stay updated, check out the Web team's [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments|Content Discovery Experiments page]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Newsletter:Web team's projects|subscribe to their newsletter]]. * Later this month, logged-out editors of [[phab:T376499|these 12 wikis]] will start to have [[mw:Special:Mylanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] created. The list may slightly change - some wikis may be removed but none will be added. Temporary account is a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/User account types|type of user account]]. It enhances the logged-out editors' privacy and makes it easier for community members to communicate with them. If you maintain any tools, bots, or gadgets on these 12 wikis, and your software is using data about IP addresses or is available for logged-out users, please check if it needs to be updated to work with temporary accounts. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers|Guidance on how to update the code is available]]. Read more about the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates|deployment plan across all wikis]]. * View all {{formatnum:33}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:33|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the [[w:nr:Main Page|South Ndebele]], [[w:rsk:Главни бок|Pannonian Rusyn]], [[w:ann:Uwu|Obolo]], [[w:iba:Lambar Keterubah|Iban]] and [[w:tdd:ᥞᥨᥝᥴ ᥘᥣᥲ ᥖᥥᥰ|Tai Nüa]] Wikipedia languages were created last week. [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36785][https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35660][https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36614][https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33424][https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36556] * It is now possible to create functions on Wikifunctions using Wikidata lexemes, through the new [[f:Z6005|Wikidata lexeme type]] launched last week. When you go to one of these functions, the user interface provides a lexeme selector that helps you pick a lexeme from Wikidata that matches the word you type. After hitting run, your selected lexeme is retrieved from Wikidata, transformed into a Wikidata lexeme type, and passed into the selected function. Read more about this in [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-10-17#Function of the Week: select representation from lexeme|the latest Wikifunctions newsletter]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Users of the Wikimedia sites can now format dates more easily in different languages with the new <code dir="ltr">{{[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserFunctions##timef|#timef]]:…}}</code> parser function. For example, <code dir="ltr"><nowiki>{{#timef:now|date|en}}</nowiki></code> will show as "<bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">{{#timef:now|date|en}}</bdi>". Previously, <code dir="ltr"><nowiki>{{#time:…}}</nowiki></code> could be used to format dates, but this required knowledge of the order of the time and date components and their intervening punctuation. <code dir="ltr">#timef</code> (or <code dir="ltr">#timefl</code> for local time) provides access to the standard date formats that MediaWiki uses in its user interface. This may help to simplify some templates on multi-lingual wikis like Commons and Meta. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T223772][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserFunctions##timef] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Commons and Meta users can now efficiently [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#Localization|retrieve the user's language]] using <code dir="ltr"><nowiki>{{USERLANGUAGE}}</nowiki></code> instead of using <code dir="ltr"><nowiki>{{int:lang}}</nowiki></code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T4085] * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Tech Advisory Council]] (PTAC) now has its pilot members with representation across Africa, Asia, Europe, North America and South America. They will work to address the [[Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy/Initiatives/Technology Council|Movement Strategy's Technology Council]] initiative of having a co-defined and more resilient technological platform. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Movement_Strategy/Initiatives/Technology_Council] '''In depth''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters/32|Growth newsletter]] is available. It includes: an upcoming Newcomer Homepage Community Updates module, new Community Configuration options, and details on new projects. * The Wikimedia Foundation is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Security Team#CNA Partnership|now an official partner of the CVE program]], which is an international effort to catalog publicly disclosed cybersecurity vulnerabilities. This partnership will allow the Security Team to instantly publish [[w:en:Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures|common vulnerabilities and exposures]] (CVE) records that are affecting MediaWiki core, extensions, and skins, along with any other code the Foundation is a steward of. * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist|Community Wishlist]] is now [[m:Community Wishlist/Updates#October 16, 2024: Conversations Made Easier: Machine-Translated Wishes Are Here!|testing machine translations]] for Wishlist content. Volunteers can now read machine-translated versions of wishes and dive into discussions even before translators arrive to translate content. '''Meetings and events''' * 24 October - Wiki Education Speaker Series Webinar - [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/N4XTB4G55BUY3M3PNGUAKQWJ7A4UOPAK/ Open Source Tech: Building the Wiki Education Dashboard], featuring Wikimedia interns and a Web developer in the panel. * 20–22 December 2024 - [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Indic Wikimedia Hackathon Bhubaneswar 2024|Indic Wikimedia Hackathon Bhubaneswar 2024]] in Odisha, India. A hackathon for community members, including developers, designers and content editors, to build technical solutions that improve contributors' experiences. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/43|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W43"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:53, 21 October 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27634672 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-44</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W44"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/44|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Later in November, the Charts extension will be deployed to the test wikis in order to help identify and fix any issue. A security review is underway to then enable deployment to pilot wikis for broader testing. You can read [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates#October 2024: Working towards production deployment|the October project update]] and see the [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Charts latest documentation and examples on Beta Wikipedia]. * View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, [[w:en:PediaPress|Pediapress.com]], an external service that creates books from Wikipedia, can now use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Maps|Wikimedia Maps]] to include existing pre-rendered infobox map images in their printed books on Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375761] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Wikis can use [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GuidedTour|the Guided Tour extension]] to help newcomers understand how to edit. The Guided Tours extension now works with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Dark mode|dark mode]]. Guided Tour maintainers can check their tours to see that nothing looks odd. They can also set <code>emitTransitionOnStep</code> to <code>true</code> to fix an old bug. They can use the new flag <code>allowAutomaticBack</code> to avoid back-buttons they don't want. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T73927#10241528] * Administrators in the Wikimedia projects who use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Nuke|Nuke Extension]] will notice that mass deletions done with this tool have the "Nuke" tag. This change will make reviewing and analyzing deletions performed with the tool easier. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366068] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/44|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W44"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:57, 28 October 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27668811 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-45</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W45"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/45|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Stewards can now make [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global blocks|global account blocks]] cause global [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Autoblock|autoblocks]]. This will assist stewards in preventing abuse from users who have been globally blocked. This includes preventing globally blocked temporary accounts from exiting their session or switching browsers to make subsequent edits for 24 hours. Previously, temporary accounts could exit their current session or switch browsers to continue editing. This is an anti-abuse tool improvement for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|Temporary Accounts]] project. You can read more about the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates|progress on key features for temporary accounts]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368949] * Wikis that have the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|CampaignEvents extension enabled]] can now use the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Event list#October 29, 2024: Collaboration List launched|Collaboration List]] feature. This list provides a new, easy way for contributors to learn about WikiProjects on their wikis. Thanks to the Campaign team for this work that is part of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Product %26 Technology OKRs#WE KRs|the 2024/25 annual plan]]. If you are interested in bringing the CampaignEvents extension to your wiki, you can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status#How to Request the CampaignEvents Extension for your wiki|follow these steps]] or you can reach out to User:Udehb-WMF for help. * The text color for red links will be slightly changed later this week to improve their contrast in light mode. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370446] * View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, on multilingual wikis, users [[phab:T216368|can now]] hide translations from the WhatLinksHere special page. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * XML [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Data dumps|data dumps]] have been temporarily paused whilst a bug is investigated. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/xmldatadumps-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/BXWJDPO5QI2QMBCY7HO36ELDCRO6HRM4/] '''In depth''' * Temporary Accounts have been deployed to six wikis; thanks to the Trust and Safety Product team for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|this work]], you can read about [[phab:T340001|the deployment plans]]. Beginning next week, Temporary Accounts will also be enabled on [[phab:T378336|seven other projects]]. If you are active on these wikis and need help migrating your tools, please reach out to [[m:User:Udehb-WMF|User:Udehb-WMF]] for assistance. * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2024/October|Language and Internationalization newsletter]] is available. It includes: New languages supported in translatewiki or in MediaWiki; New keyboard input methods for some languages; details about recent and upcoming meetings, and more. '''Meetings and events''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2024|MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2024]] is happening in Vienna, Austria and online from 4 to 6 November 2024. The conference will feature discussions around the usage of MediaWiki software by and within companies in different industries and will inspire and onboard new users. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/45|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W45"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:51, 4 November 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27693917 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-46</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W46"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/46|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * On wikis with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Translate|Translate extension]] enabled, users will notice that the FuzzyBot will now automatically create translated versions of categories used on translated pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T285463] * View all {{formatnum:29}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:29|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the submitted task to use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:SecurePoll|SecurePoll extension]] for English Wikipedia's special [[w:en:Wikipedia:Administrator elections|administrator election]] was resolved on time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T371454] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] In <code dir="ltr">[[mw:MediaWiki_1.44/wmf.2|1.44.0-wmf-2]]</code>, the logic of Wikibase function <code>getAllStatements</code> changed to behave like <code>getBestStatements</code>. Invoking the function now returns a copy of values which are immutable. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T270851] * [https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/ Wikimedia REST API] users, such as bot operators and tool maintainers, may be affected by ongoing upgrades. The API will be rerouting some page content endpoints from RESTbase to the newer [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:REST API|MediaWiki REST API]] endpoints. The [[phab:T374683|impacted endpoints]] include getting page/revision metadata and rendered HTML content. These changes will be available on testwiki later this week, with other projects to follow. This change should not affect existing functionality, but active users of the impacted endpoints should verify behavior on testwiki, and raise any concerns on the related [[phab:T374683|Phabricator ticket]]. '''In depth''' * Admins and users of the Wikimedia projects [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator_Tools/Automoderator#Usage|where Automoderator is enabled]] can now monitor and evaluate important metrics related to Automoderator's actions. [https://superset.wmcloud.org/superset/dashboard/unified-automoderator-activity-dashboard/ This Superset dashboard] calculates and aggregates metrics about Automoderator's behaviour on the projects in which it is deployed. Thanks to the Moderator Tools team for this Dashboard; you can visit [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Automoderator/Unified Activity Dashboard|the documentation page]] for more information about this work. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T369488] '''Meetings and events''' * 21 November 2024 ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 21 November 2024 8:00 UTC|8:00 UTC]] & [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 21 November 2024 16:00 UTC|16:00 UTC]]) - [[c:Commons:WMF support for Commons/Commons community calls|Community call]] with Wikimedia Commons volunteers and stakeholders to help prioritize support efforts for 2025-2026 Fiscal Year. The theme of this call is how content should be organised on Wikimedia Commons. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/46|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W46"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:08, 12 November 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27732268 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-47</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W47"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/47|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Users of Wikimedia sites will now be warned when they create a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Redirects|redirect]] to a page that doesn't exist. This will reduce the number of broken redirects to red links in our projects. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326057] * View all {{formatnum:42}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:42|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Pywikibot/Overview|Pywikibot]], which automates work on MediaWiki sites, was upgraded to 9.5.0 on Toolforge. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378676] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * On wikis that use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:FlaggedRevs|FlaggedRevs extension]], pages created or moved by users with the appropriate permissions are marked as flagged automatically. This feature has not been working recently, and changes fixing it should be deployed this week. Thanks to Daniel and Wargo for working on this. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379218][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368380] '''In depth''' * There is a new [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/11/05/say-hi-to-temporary-accounts-easier-collaboration-with-logged-out-editors-with-better-privacy-protection Diff post] about Temporary Accounts, available in more than 15 languages. Read it to learn about what Temporary Accounts are, their impact on different groups of users, and the plan to introduce the change on all wikis. '''Meetings and events''' * Technical volunteers can now register for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2025|2025 Wikimedia Hackathon]], which will take place in Istanbul, Turkey. [https://pretix.eu/wikimedia/hackathon2025/ Application for travel and accommodation scholarships] is open from '''November 12 to December 10 2024'''. The registration for the event will close in mid-April 2025. The Wikimedia Hackathon is an annual gathering that unites the global technical community to collaborate on existing projects and explore new ideas. * Join the [[C:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:WMF%20support%20for%20Commons/Commons%20community%20calls|Wikimedia Commons community calls]] this week to help prioritize support for Commons which will be planned for 2025–2026. The theme will be how content should be organised on Wikimedia Commons. This is an opportunity for volunteers who work on different things to come together and talk about what matters for the future of the project. The calls will take place '''November 21, 2024, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 21 November 2024 8:00 UTC|8:00 UTC]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 21 November 2024 16:00 UTC|16:00 UTC]]'''. * A [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community meetings#29 November 2024|Language community meeting]] will take place '''November 29, 16:00 UTC''' to discuss updates and technical problem-solving. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/47|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W47"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 02:01, 19 November 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27806858 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-48</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W48"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/48|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] A new version of the standard wikitext editor-mode [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|syntax highlighter]] will be available as a [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] later this week. This brings many new features and bug fixes, including right-to-left support, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Template folding|template folding]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Autocompletion|autocompletion]], and an improved search panel. You can learn more on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|help page]]. * The 2010 wikitext editor now supports common keyboard shortcuts such <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>Ctrl</code>+<code>B</code></bdi> for bold and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>Ctrl</code>+<code>I</code></bdi> for italics. A full [[mw:Help:Extension:WikiEditor#Keyboard shortcuts|list of all six shortcuts]] is available. Thanks to SD0001 for this improvement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T62928] * Starting November 28, Flow/Structured Discussions pages will be automatically archived and set to read-only at the following wikis: <bdi>bswiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>elwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>euwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>fawiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>fiwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>frwikiquote</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>frwikisource</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>frwikiversity</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>frwikivoyage</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>idwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>lvwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>plwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>ptwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>urwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>viwikisource</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>zhwikisource</bdi>. This is done as part of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured_Discussions/Deprecation|StructuredDiscussions deprecation work]]. If you need any assistance to archive your page in advance, please contact [[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]. * View all {{formatnum:25}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:25|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a user creating a new AbuseFilter can now only set the filter to "protected" [[phab:T377765|if it includes a protected variable]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]], which can be used in JavaScript, CSS, JSON, and Lua pages, [[phab:T377663|now offers]] live autocompletion. Thanks to SD0001 for this improvement. The feature can be temporarily disabled on a page by pressing <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>Ctrl</code>+<code>,</code></bdi> and un-selecting "<bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">Live Autocompletion</bdi>". * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Tool-maintainers who use the Graphite system for tracking metrics, need to migrate to the newer Prometheus system. They can check [https://grafana.wikimedia.org/d/K6DEOo5Ik/grafana-graphite-datasource-utilization?orgId=1 this dashboard] and the list in the Description of the [[phab:T350592|task T350592]] to see if their tools are listed, and they should claim metrics and dashboards connected to their tools. They can then disable or migrate all existing metrics by following the instructions in the task. The Graphite service will become read-only in April. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/KLUV4IOLRYXPQFWD6WKKJUHMWE77BMSZ/] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/NewPP parser report|New PreProcessor parser performance report]] has been fixed to give an accurate count for the number of Wikibase entities accessed. It had previously been resetting after 400 entities. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T279069] '''Meetings and events''' * A [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community meetings#29 November 2024|Language community meeting]] will take place November 29 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1732896000 16:00 UTC]. There will be presentations on topics like developing language keyboards, the creation of the Mooré Wikipedia, the language support track at [[m:Wiki Indaba|Wiki Indaba]], and a report from the Wayuunaiki community on their experiences with the Incubator and as a new community over the last 3 years. This meeting will be in English and will also have Spanish interpretation. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/48|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W48"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:42, 25 November 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27847039 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-49</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W49"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/49|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Two new parser functions were added this week. The <code dir="ltr"><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#interwikilink|#interwikilink]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> function adds an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Links#Interwiki links|interwiki link]] and the <code dir="ltr"><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#interlanguagelink|#interlanguagelink]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> function adds an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Links#Interlanguage links|interlanguage link]]. These parser functions are useful on wikis where namespaces conflict with interwiki prefixes. For example, links beginning with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>MOS:</code></bdi> on English Wikipedia [[phab:T363538|conflict with the <code>mos</code> language code prefix of Mooré Wikipedia]]. * Starting this week, Wikimedia wikis no longer support connections using old RSA-based HTTPS certificates, specifically rsa-2048. This change is to improve security for all users. Some older, unsupported browser or smartphone devices will be unable to connect; Instead, they will display a connectivity error. See the [[wikitech:HTTPS/Browser_Recommendations|HTTPS Browser Recommendations page]] for more-detailed information. All modern operating systems and browsers are always able to reach Wikimedia projects. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/CTYEHVNSXUD3NFAAMG3BLZVTVQWJXJAH/] * Starting December 16, Flow/Structured Discussions pages will be automatically archived and set to read-only at the following wikis: <bdi>arwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>cawiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>frwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>mediawikiwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>orwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>wawiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>wawiktionary</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>wikidatawiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>zhwiki</bdi>. This is done as part of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured_Discussions/Deprecation|StructuredDiscussions deprecation work]]. If you need any assistance to archive your page in advance, please contact [[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380910] * This month the Chart extension was deployed to production and is now available on Commons and Testwiki. With the security review complete, pilot wiki deployment is expected to start in the first week of December. You can see a working version [[testwiki:Charts|on Testwiki]] and read [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|the November project update]] for more details. * View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug with the "Download as PDF" system was fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T376438] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * In late February, temporary accounts will be rolled out on at least 10 large wikis. This deployment will have a significant effect on the community-maintained code. This is about Toolforge tools, bots, gadgets, and user scripts that use IP address data or that are available for logged-out users. The Trust and Safety Product team wants to identify this code, monitor it, and assist in updating it ahead of the deployment to minimize disruption to workflows. The team asks technical editors and volunteer developers to help identify such tools by adding them to [[mw:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers/Impacted tools|this list]]. In addition, review the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers|updated documentation]] to learn how to adjust the tools. Join the discussions on the [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|project talk page]] or in the [[discord:channels/221049808784326656/1227616742340034722|dedicated thread]] on the [[w:Wikipedia:Discord|Wikimedia Community Discord server (in English)]] for support and to share feedback. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/49|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W49"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:23, 2 December 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27873992 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-50</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W50"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/50|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Technical documentation contributors can find updated resources, and new ways to connect with each other and the Wikimedia Technical Documentation Team, at the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Documentation|Documentation hub]] on MediaWiki.org. This page links to: resources for writing and improving documentation, a new <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">#wikimedia-techdocs</bdi> IRC channel on libera.chat, a listing of past and upcoming documentation events, and ways to request a documentation consultation or review. If you have any feedback or ideas for improvements to the documentation ecosystem, please [[mw:Wikimedia Technical Documentation Team#Contact us|contact the Technical Documentation Team]]. '''Updates for editors''' [[File:Edit Check on Desktop.png|thumb|Layout change for the Edit Check feature]] * Later this week, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check|Edit Check]] will be relocated to a sidebar on desktop. Edit check is the feature for new editors to help them follow policies and guidelines. This layout change creates space to present people with [[mw:Edit check#1 November 2024|new Checks]] that appear ''while'' they are typing. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check#Reference Check A/B Test|initial results]] show newcomers encountering Edit Check are 2.2 times more likely to publish a new content edit that includes a reference and is not reverted. * The Chart extension, which enables editors to create data visualizations, was successfully made available on MediaWiki.org and three pilot wikis (Italian, Swedish, and Hebrew Wikipedias). You can see a working examples [[testwiki:Charts|on Testwiki]] and read [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|the November project update]] for more details. * Translators in wikis where the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation/Section translation#Try the tool|mobile experience of Content Translation is available]], can now discover articles in Wikiproject campaigns of their interest from the "[https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=specialcx&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=collections&active-list=suggestions&from=es&to=en All collection]" category in the articles suggestion feature. Wikiproject Campaign organizers can use this feature, to help translators to discover articles of interest, by adding the <code dir=ltr><nowiki><page-collection> </page-collection></nowiki></code> tag to their campaign article list page on Meta-wiki. This will make those articles discoverable in the Content Translation tool. For more detailed information on how to use the tool and tag, please refer to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Translation suggestions: Topic-based & Community-defined lists/How to use the features|the step-by-step guide]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378958] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Nuke|Nuke]] feature, which enables administrators to mass delete pages, now has a [[phab:T376379#10310998|multiselect filter for namespace selection]]. This enables users to select multiple specific namespaces, instead of only one or all, when fetching pages for deletion. * The Nuke feature also now [[phab:T364225#10371365|provides links]] to the userpage of the user whose pages were deleted, and to the pages which were not selected for deletion, after page deletions are queued. This enables easier follow-up admin-actions. Thanks to Chlod and the Moderator Tools team for both of these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T364225#10371365] * The Editing Team is working on making it easier to populate citations from archive.org using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki|Citoid]] tool, the auto-filled citation generator. They are asking communities to add two parameters preemptively, <code dir=ltr>archiveUrl</code> and <code dir=ltr>archiveDate</code>, within the TemplateData for each citation template using Citoid. You can see an [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template%3ACite_web%2Fdoc&diff=1261320172&oldid=1260788022 example of a change in a template], and a [https://global-search.toolforge.org/?namespaces=10&q=%5C%22citoid%5C%22%3A%20%5C%7B&regex=1&title= list of all relevant templates]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374831] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikivoyage}} in [[d:Q9240|Indonesian]] ([[voy:id:|<code>voy:id:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380726] * Last week, all wikis had problems serving pages to logged-in users and some logged-out users for 30–45 minutes. This was caused by a database problem, and investigation is ongoing. [https://www.wikimediastatus.net/incidents/3g2ckc7bp6l9] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:19}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:19|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add Link]] feature has been fixed. Previously, the list of sections which are excluded from Add Link was partially ignored in certain cases. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380455][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380329] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Codex]], the design system for Wikimedia, now has an early-stage [[gitiles:design/codex-php|implementation in PHP]]. It is available for general use in MediaWiki extensions and Toolforge apps through [https://packagist.org/packages/wikimedia/codex Composer], with use in MediaWiki core coming soon. More information is available in [[wmdoc:design-codex-php/main/index.html|the documentation]]. Thanks to Doğu for the inspiration and many contributions to the library. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379662] * [https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/ Wikimedia REST API] users, such as bot operators and tool maintainers, may be affected by ongoing upgrades. On December 4, the MediaWiki Interfaces team began rerouting page/revision metadata and rendered HTML content endpoints on [[testwiki:|testwiki]] from RESTbase to comparable MediaWiki REST API endpoints. The team encourages active users of these endpoints to verify their tool's behavior on testwiki and raise any concerns on the related [[phab:T374683|Phabricator ticket]] before the end of the year, as they intend to roll out the same change across all Wikimedia projects in early January. These changes are part of the work to replace the outdated [[mw:RESTBase/deprecation|RESTBase]] system. * The [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/986172 2024 Developer Satisfaction Survey] is seeking the opinions of the Wikimedia developer community. Please take the survey if you have any role in developing software for the Wikimedia ecosystem. The survey is open until 3 January 2025, and has an associated [[foundation:Legal:Developer Satisfaction Survey 2024 Privacy Statement|privacy statement]]. * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''Meetings and events''' * The next meeting in the series of [[c:Commons:WMF support for Commons/Commons community calls|Wikimedia Foundation discussions with the Wikimedia Commons community]] will take place on [[m:Event:Commons community discussion - 12 December 2024 08:00 UTC|December 12 at 8:00 UTC]] and [[m:Event:Commons community discussion - 12_December 2024 16:00 UTC|at 16:00 UTC]]. The topic of this call is new media and new contributors. Contributors from all wikis are welcome to attend. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/50|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W50"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:16, 9 December 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27919424 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-51</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W51"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/51|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Interested in improving event management on your home wiki? The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] offers organizers features like event registration management, event/wikiproject promotion, finding potential participants, and more - all directly on-wiki. If you are an organizer or think your community would benefit from this extension, start a discussion to enable it on your wiki today. To learn more about how to enable this extension on your wiki, visit the [[m:CampaignEvents/Deployment status#How to Request the CampaignEvents Extension for your wiki|deployment status page]]. '''Updates for editors''' * Users of the iOS Wikipedia App in Italy and Mexico on the Italian, Spanish, and English Wikipedias, can see a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Personalized Wikipedia Year in Review|personalized Year in Review]] with insights based on their reading and editing history. * Users of the Android Wikipedia App in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia can see the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/Rabbit Holes|Rabbit Holes]] feature. This feature shows a suggested search term in the Search bar based on the current article being viewed, and a suggested reading list generated from the user’s last two visited articles. * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot|global reminder bot]] is now active and running on nearly 800 wikis. This service reminds most users holding temporary rights when they are about to expire, so that they can renew should they want to. See [[m:Global reminder bot/Technical details|the technical details page]] for more information. * The next issue of Tech News will be sent out on 13 January 2025 because of the end of year holidays. Thank you to all of the translators, and people who submitted content or feedback, this year. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was [[phab:T374988|fixed]] in the Android Wikipedia App which had caused translatable SVG images to show the wrong language when they were tapped. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * There is no new MediaWiki version next week. The next deployments will start on 14 January. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar/2025] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/51|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W51"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:25, 16 December 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27942374 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-03</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W03"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/03|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Single User Login system is being updated over the next few months. This is the system which allows users to fill out the login form on one Wikimedia site and get logged in on all others at the same time. It needs to be updated because of the ways that browsers are increasingly restricting cross-domain cookies. To accommodate these restrictions, login and account creation pages will move to a central domain, but it will still appear to the user as if they are on the originating wiki. The updated code will be enabled this week for users on test wikis. This change is planned to roll out to all users during February and March. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3#Deployment|the SUL3 project page]] for more details and a timeline. '''Updates for editors''' * On wikis with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:PageAssessments|PageAssessments]] installed, you can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:PageAssessments#Search|filter search results]] to pages in a given WikiProject by using the <code dir=ltr>inproject:</code> keyword. (These wikis: {{int:project-localized-name-arwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-enwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-enwikivoyage/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-frwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-huwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-newiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zhwiki/en}}) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378868] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q34129|Tigre]] ([[w:tig:|<code>w:tig:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381377] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:35}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:35|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, there was a bug with updating a user's edit-count after making a rollback edit, which is now fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382592] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Wikimedia REST API users, such as bot operators and tool maintainers, may be affected by ongoing upgrades. Starting the week of January 13, we will begin rerouting [[phab:T374683|some page content endpoints]] from RESTbase to the newer MediaWiki REST API endpoints for all wiki projects. This change was previously available on testwiki and should not affect existing functionality, but active users of the impacted endpoints may raise issues directly to the [[phab:project/view/6931/|MediaWiki Interfaces Team]] in Phabricator if they arise. * Toolforge tool maintainers can now share their feedback on Toolforge UI, an initiative to provide a web platform that allows creating and managing Toolforge tools through a graphic interface, in addition to existing command-line workflows. This project aims to streamline active maintainers’ tasks, as well as make registration and deployment processes more accessible for new tool creators. The initiative is still at a very early stage, and the Cloud Services team is in the process of collecting feedback from the Toolforge community to help shape the solution to their needs. [[wikitech:Wikimedia Cloud Services team/EnhancementProposals/Toolforge UI|Read more and share your thoughts about Toolforge UI]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] For tool and library developers who use the OAuth system: The identity endpoint used for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For Developers#Identifying the user|OAuth 1]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For Developers#Identifying the user 2|OAuth 2]] returned a JSON object with an integer in its <code>sub</code> field, which was incorrect (the field must always be a string). This has been fixed; the fix will be deployed to Wikimedia wikis on the week of January 13. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382139] * Many wikis currently use [[:mw:Parsoid/Parser Unification/Cite CSS|Cite CSS]] to render custom footnote markers in Parsoid output. Starting January 20 these rules will be disabled, but the developers ask you to ''not'' clean up your <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[MediaWiki:Common.css]]</bdi> until February 20 to avoid issues during the migration. Your wikis might experience some small changes to footnote markers in Visual Editor and when using experimental Parsoid read mode, but if there are changes these are expected to bring the rendering in line with the legacy parser output. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370027] '''Meetings and events''' * The next meeting in the series of [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:WMF support for Commons/Commons community calls|Wikimedia Foundation Community Conversations with the Wikimedia Commons community]] will take place on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 15 January 2025 08:00 UTC|January 15 at 8:00 UTC]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 15 January 2025 16:00 UTC|at 16:00 UTC]]. The topic of this call is defining the priorities in tool investment for Commons. Contributors from all wikis, especially users who are maintaining tools for Commons, are welcome to attend. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/03|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W03"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:42, 14 January 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28048614 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-04</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W04"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/04|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Administrators can mass-delete multiple pages created by a user or IP address using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Nuke|Extension:Nuke]]. It previously only allowed deletion of pages created in the last 30 days. It can now delete pages from the last 90 days, provided it is targeting a specific user or IP address. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380846] * On [[phab:P72148|wikis that use]] the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Patrolled edits|Patrolled edits]] feature, when the rollback feature is used to revert an unpatrolled page revision, that revision will now be marked as "manually patrolled" instead of "autopatrolled", which is more accurate. Some editors that use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:New filters for edit review/Filtering|filters]] on Recent Changes may need to update their filter settings. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T302140] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the Visual Editor's "Insert link" feature did not always suggest existing pages properly when an editor started typing, which has now been [[phab:T383497|fixed]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The Structured Discussion extension (also known as Flow) is being progressively removed from the wikis. This extension is unmaintained and causes issues. It will be replaced by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]], which is used on any regular talk page. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured Discussions/Deprecation#Deprecation timeline|The last group of wikis]] ({{int:project-localized-name-cawikiquote/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fiwikimedia/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gomwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kabwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ptwikibooks/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sewikimedia/en}}) will soon be contacted. If you have questions about this process, please ping [[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] at your wiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380912] * The latest quarterly [[mw:Technical_Community_Newsletter/2025/January|Technical Community Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes: updates about services from the Data Platform Engineering teams, information about Codex from the Design System team, and more. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/04|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W04"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:37, 21 January 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28129769 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-05</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W05"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/05|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Patrollers and admins - what information or context about edits or users could help you to make patroller or admin decisions more quickly or easily? The Wikimedia Foundation wants to hear from you to help guide its upcoming annual plan. Please consider sharing your thoughts on this and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product & Technology OKRs|13 other questions]] to shape the technical direction for next year. '''Updates for editors''' * iOS Wikipedia App users worldwide can now access a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Personalized Wikipedia Year in Review/How your data is used|personalized Year in Review]] feature, which provides insights based on their reading and editing history on Wikipedia. This project is part of a broader effort to help welcome new readers as they discover and interact with encyclopedic content. * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] Edit patrollers now have a new feature available that can highlight potentially problematic new pages. When a page is created with the same title as a page which was previously deleted, a tag ('Recreated') will now be added, which users can filter for in [[{{#special:RecentChanges}}]] and [[{{#special:NewPages}}]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T56145] * Later this week, there will be a new warning for editors if they attempt to create a redirect that links to another redirect (a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Redirects#Double redirects|double redirect]]). The feature will recommend that they link directly to the second redirect's target page. Thanks to the user SomeRandomDeveloper for this improvement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326056] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Wikimedia wikis allow [[w:en:WebAuthn|WebAuthn]]-based second factor checks (such as hardware tokens) during login, but the feature is [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Miscellaneous/Fix security key (WebAuthn) support|fragile]] and has very few users. The MediaWiki Platform team is temporarily disabling adding new WebAuthn keys, to avoid interfering with the rollout of [[mw:MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3|SUL3]] (single user login version 3). Existing keys are unaffected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378402] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * For developers that use the [[wikitech:Data Platform/Data Lake/Edits/MediaWiki history dumps|MediaWiki History dumps]]: The Data Platform Engineering team has added a couple of new fields to these dumps, to support the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|Temporary Accounts]] initiative. If you maintain software that reads those dumps, please review your code and the updated documentation, since the order of the fields in the row will change. There will also be one field rename: in the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mediawiki_user_history</code></bdi> dump, the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>anonymous</code></bdi> field will be renamed to <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>is_anonymous</code></bdi>. The changes will take effect with the next release of the dumps in February. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/LKMFDS62TXGDN6L56F4ABXYLN7CSCQDI/] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/05|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W05"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:15, 27 January 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28149374 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-06</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W06"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/06|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Editors who use the "Special characters" editing-toolbar menu can now see the 32 special characters you have used most recently, across editing sessions on that wiki. This change should help make it easier to find the characters you use most often. The feature is in both the 2010 wikitext editor and VisualEditor. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T110722] * Editors using the 2010 wikitext editor can now create sublists with correct indentation by selecting the line(s) you want to indent and then clicking the toolbar buttons.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380438] You can now also insert <code><nowiki><code></nowiki></code> tags using a new toolbar button.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383010] Thanks to user stjn for these improvements. * Help is needed to ensure the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki|citation generator]] works properly on each wiki. ** (1) Administrators should update the local versions of the page <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Citoid-template-type-map.json</code> to include entries for <code dir=ltr>preprint</code>, <code dir=ltr>standard</code>, and <code dir=ltr>dataset</code>; Here are example diffs to replicate [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki%3ACitoid-template-type-map.json&diff=1189164774&oldid=1165783565 for 'preprint'] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki%3ACitoid-template-type-map.json&diff=1270832208&oldid=1270828390 for 'standard' and 'dataset']. ** (2.1) If the citoid map in the citation template used for these types of references is missing, [[mediawikiwiki:Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki#Step 2.a: Create a 'citoid' maps value for each citation template|one will need to be added]]. (2.2) If the citoid map does exist, the TemplateData will need to be updated to include new field names. Here are example updates [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template%3ACitation%2Fdoc&diff=1270829051&oldid=1262470053 for 'preprint'] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template%3ACitation%2Fdoc&diff=1270831369&oldid=1270829480 for 'standard' and 'dataset']. The new fields that may need to be supported are <code dir=ltr>archiveID</code>, <code dir=ltr>identifier</code>, <code dir=ltr>repository</code>, <code dir=ltr>organization</code>, <code dir=ltr>repositoryLocation</code>, <code dir=ltr>committee</code>, and <code dir=ltr>versionNumber</code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383666] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/en}} in [[d:Q15637215|Central Kanuri]] ([[w:knc:|<code>w:knc:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T385181] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Wikisource/Wikimedia OCR|OCR (optical character recognition) tool]] used for Wikisource now supports a new language, Church Slavonic. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384782] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/06|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W06"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:09, 4 February 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28203495 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-07</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W07"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/07|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Product and Technology Advisory Council (PTAC) has published [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/February 2025 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|a draft of their recommendations]] for the Wikimedia Foundation's Product and Technology department. They have recommended focusing on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/February 2025 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback/Mobile experiences|mobile experiences]], particularly contributions. They request community [[m:Talk:Product and Technology Advisory Council/February 2025 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|feedback at the talk page]] by 21 February. '''Updates for editors''' * The "Special pages" portlet link will be moved from the "Toolbox" into the "Navigation" section of the main menu's sidebar by default. This change is because the Toolbox is intended for tools relating to the current page, not tools relating to the site, so the link will be more logically and consistently located. To modify this behavior and update CSS styling, administrators can follow the instructions at [[phab:T385346|T385346]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T333211] * As part of this year's work around improving the ways readers discover content on the wikis, the Web team will be running an experiment with a small number of readers that displays some suggestions for related or interesting articles within the search bar. Please check out [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments#Experiment 1: Display article recommendations in more prominent locations, search|the project page]] for more information. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Template editors who use TemplateStyles can now customize output for users with specific accessibility needs by using accessibility related media queries (<code dir=ltr>[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/@media/prefers-reduced-motion prefers-reduced-motion]</code>, <code dir=ltr>[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/@media/prefers-reduced-transparency prefers-reduced-transparency]</code>, <code dir=ltr>[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/@media/prefers-contrast prefers-contrast]</code>, and <code dir=ltr>[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/@media/forced-colors forced-colors]</code>). Thanks to user Bawolff for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384175] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:22}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:22|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the global blocks log will now be shown directly on the {{#special:CentralAuth}} page, similarly to global locks, to simplify the workflows for stewards. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T377024] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Wikidata [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Default values for labels and aliases|now supports a special language as a "default for all languages"]] for labels and aliases. This is to avoid excessive duplication of the same information across many languages. If your Wikidata queries use labels, you may need to update them as some existing labels are getting removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T312511] * The function <code dir="ltr">getDescription</code> was invoked on every Wiki page read and accounts for ~2.5% of a page's total load time. The calculated value will now be cached, reducing load on Wikimedia servers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383660] * As part of the RESTBase deprecation [[mw:RESTBase/deprecation|effort]], the <code dir="ltr">/page/related</code> endpoint has been blocked as of February 6, 2025, and will be removed soon. This timeline was chosen to align with the deprecation schedules for older Android and iOS versions. The stable alternative is the "<code dir="ltr">morelike</code>" action API in MediaWiki, and [[gerrit:c/mediawiki/services/mobileapps/+/982154/13/pagelib/src/transform/FooterReadMore.js|a migration example]] is available. The MediaWiki Interfaces team [[phab:T376297|can be contacted]] for any questions. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/GFC2IJO7L4BWO3YTM7C5HF4MCCBE2RJ2/] '''In depth''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/January|Language and Internationalization newsletter]] is available. It includes: Updates about the "Contribute" menu; details on some of the newest language editions of Wikipedia; details on new languages supported by the MediaWiki interface; updates on the Community-defined lists feature; and more. * The latest [[mw:Extension:Chart/Project/Updates#January 2025: Better visibility into charts and tabular data usage|Chart Project newsletter]] is available. It includes updates on the progress towards bringing better visibility into global charts usage and support for categorizing pages in the Data namespace on Commons. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/07|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W07"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:12, 11 February 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28231022 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-08</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W08"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/08|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Communities using growth tools can now showcase one event on the <code>{{#special:Homepage}}</code> for newcomers. This feature will help newcomers to be informed about editing activities they can participate in. Administrators can create a new event to showcase at <code>{{#special:CommunityConfiguration}}</code>. To learn more about this feature, please read [[diffblog:2025/02/12/community-updates-module-connecting-newcomers-to-your-initiatives/|the Diff post]], have a look [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Community updates module|at the documentation]], or contact [[mw:Talk:Growth|the Growth team]]. '''Updates for editors''' [[File:Page Frame Features on desktop.png|thumb|Highlighted talk pages improvements]] * Starting next week, talk pages at these wikis – {{int:project-localized-name-eswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-frwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-itwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-jawiki/en}} – will get [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|a new design]]. This change was extensively tested as a Beta feature and is the last step of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary|talk pages improvements]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379102] * You can now navigate to view a redirect page directly from its action pages, such as the history page. Previously, you were forced to first go to the redirect target. This change should help editors who work with redirects a lot. Thanks to user stjn for this improvement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T5324] * When a Cite reference is reused many times, wikis currently show either numbers like "1.23" or localized alphabetic markers like "a b c" in the reference list. Previously, if there were so many reuses that the alphabetic markers were all used, [[MediaWiki:Cite error references no backlink label|an error message]] was displayed. As part of the work to [[phab:T383036|modernize Cite customization]], these errors will no longer be shown and instead the backlinks will fall back to showing numeric markers like "1.23" once the alphabetic markers are all used. * The log entries for each change to an editor's user-groups are now clearer by specifying exactly what has changed, instead of the plain before and after listings. Translators can [[phab:T369466|help to update the localized versions]]. Thanks to user Msz2001 for these improvements. * A new filter has been added to the [[{{#special:Nuke}}]] tool, which allows administrators to mass delete pages, to enable users to filter for pages in a range of page sizes (in bytes). This allows, for example, deleting pages only of a certain size or below. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378488] * Non-administrators can now check which pages are able to be deleted using the [[{{#special:Nuke}}]] tool. Thanks to user MolecularPilot for this and the previous improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T376378] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:25}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:25|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed in the configuration for the AV1 video file format, which enables these files to play again. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382193] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Parsoid Read Views is going to be rolling out to most Wiktionaries over the next few weeks, following the successful transition of Wikivoyage to Parsoid Read Views last year. For more information, see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parsoid/Parser Unification]] project page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T385923][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T371640] * Developers of tools that run on-wiki should note that <code dir=ltr>mw.Uri</code> is deprecated. Tools requiring <code dir=ltr>mw.Uri</code> must explicitly declare <code dir=ltr>mediawiki.Uri</code> as a ResourceLoader dependency, and should migrate to the browser native <code dir=ltr>URL</code> API soon. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384515] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/08|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W08"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:17, 17 February 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28275610 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-09</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W09"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/09|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Administrators can now customize how the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User language|Babel feature]] creates categories using [[{{#special:CommunityConfiguration/Babel}}]]. They can rename language categories, choose whether they should be auto-created, and adjust other settings. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374348] * The <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[https://www.wikimedia.org/ wikimedia.org]</bdi> portal has been updated – and is receiving some ongoing improvements – to modernize and improve the accessibility of our portal pages. It now has better support for mobile layouts, updated wording and links, and better language support. Additionally, all of the Wikimedia project portals, such as <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[https://wikibooks.org wikibooks.org]</bdi>, now support dark mode when a reader is using that system setting. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373204][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368221][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Project_portals] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary/en}} in [[d:Q33965|Santali]] ([[wikt:sat:|<code>wikt:sat:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386619] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed that prevented clicking on search results in the web-interface for some Firefox for Android phone configurations. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381289] '''Meetings and events''' * The next Language Community Meeting is happening soon, February 28th at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1740751200 14:00 UTC]. This week's meeting will cover: highlights and technical updates on keyboard and tools for the Sámi languages, Translatewiki.net contributions from the Bahasa Lampung community in Indonesia, and technical Q&A. If you'd like to join, simply [[mw:Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Community meetings#28 February 2025|sign up on the wiki page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/09|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W09"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:42, 25 February 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28296129 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-10</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W10"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/10|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * All logged-in editors using the mobile view can now edit a full page. The "{{int:Minerva-page-actions-editfull}}" link is accessible from the "{{int:minerva-page-actions-overflow}}" menu in the toolbar. This was previously only available to editors using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Advanced mobile contributions|Advanced mobile contributions]] setting. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T387180] * Interface administrators can now help to remove the deprecated Cite CSS code matching "<code dir="ltr">mw-ref</code>" from their local <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[MediaWiki:Common.css]]</bdi>. The list of wikis in need of cleanup, and the code to remove, [https://global-search.toolforge.org/?q=mw-ref%5B%5E-a-z%5D&regex=1&namespaces=8&title=.*css can be found with this global search] and in [https://ace.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Common.css&oldid=145662#L-139--L-144 this example], and you can learn more about how to help on the [[mw:Parsoid/Parser Unification/Cite CSS|CSS migration project page]]. The Cite footnote markers ("<code dir="ltr">[1]</code>") are now rendered by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid|Parsoid]], and the deprecated CSS is no longer needed. The CSS for backlinks ("<code dir="ltr">mw:referencedBy</code>") should remain in place for now. This cleanup is expected to cause no visible changes for readers. Please help to remove this code before March 20, after which the development team will do it for you. * When editors embed a file (e.g. <code><nowiki>[[File:MediaWiki.png]]</nowiki></code>) on a page that is protected with cascading protection, the software will no longer restrict edits to the file description page, only to new file uploads.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T24521] In contrast, transcluding a file description page (e.g. <code><nowiki>{{:File:MediaWiki.png}}</nowiki></code>) will now restrict edits to the page.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T62109] * When editors revert a file to an earlier version it will now require the same permissions as ordinarily uploading a new version of the file. The software now checks for 'reupload' or 'reupload-own' rights,[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304474] and respects cascading protection.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T140010] * When administrators are listing pages for deletion with the Nuke tool, they can now also list associated talk pages and redirects for deletion, alongside pages created by the target, rather than needing to manually delete these pages afterwards. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T95797] * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/03|previously noted]] update to Single User Login, which will accommodate browser restrictions on cross-domain cookies by moving login and account creation to a central domain, will now roll out to all users during March and April. The team plans to enable it for all new account creation on [[wikitech:Deployments/Train#Tuesday|Group0]] wikis this week. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3#Deployment|the SUL3 project page]] for more details and an updated timeline. * Since last week there has been a bug that shows some interface icons as black squares until the page has fully loaded. It will be fixed this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T387351] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/en}} in [[d:Q2044560|Sylheti]] ([[w:syl:|<code>w:syl:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386441] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed with loading images in very old versions of the Firefox browser on mobile. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386400] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.19|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/10|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W10"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 02:31, 4 March 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28334563 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-11</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W11"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/11|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Editors who use password managers at multiple wikis may notice changes in the future. The way that our wikis provide information to password managers about reusing passwords across domains has recently been updated, so some password managers might now offer you login credentials that you saved for a different Wikimedia site. Some password managers already did this, and are now doing it for more Wikimedia domains. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3|SUL3 project]] which aims to improve how our unified login works, and to keep it compatible with ongoing changes to the web-browsers we use. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T385520][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384844] * The Wikipedia Apps Team is inviting interested users to help improve Wikipedia’s offline and limited internet use. After discussions in [[m:Afrika Baraza|Afrika Baraza]] and the last [[m:Special:MyLanguage/ESEAP Hub/Meetings|ESEAP call]], key challenges like search, editing, and offline access are being explored, with upcoming focus groups to dive deeper into these topics. All languages are welcome, and interpretation will be available. Want to share your thoughts? [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Improving Wikipedia Mobile Apps for Offline & Limited Internet Use|Join the discussion]] or email <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">aramadan@wikimedia.org</bdi>! * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 19. This is planned at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1742392800 14:00 UTC]. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.20|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters/33|Growth newsletter]] is available. It includes: the launch of the Community Updates module, the most recent changes in Community Configuration, and the upcoming test of in-article suggestions for first-time editors. * An old API that was previously used in the Android Wikipedia app is being removed at the end of March. There are no current software uses, but users of the app with a version that is older than 6 months by the time of removal (2025-03-31), will no longer have access to the Suggested Edits feature, until they update their app. You can [[diffblog:2025/02/24/sunset-of-wikimedia-recommendation-api/|read more details about this change]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/11|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W11"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:10, 10 March 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28372257 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-12</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W12"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/12|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Twice a year, around the equinoxes, the Wikimedia Foundation's Site Reliability Engineering (SRE) team performs [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|a datacenter server switchover]], redirecting all traffic from one primary server to its backup. This provides reliability in case of a crisis, as we can always fall back on the other datacenter. [http://listen.hatnote.com/ Thanks to the Listen to Wikipedia] tool, you can hear the switchover take place: Before it begins, you'll hear the steady stream of edits; Then, as the system enters a brief read-only phase, the sound stops for a couple of minutes, before resuming after the switchover. You can [[diffblog:2025/03/12/hear-that-the-wikis-go-silent-twice-a-year/|read more about the background and details of this process on the Diff blog]]. If you want to keep an ear out for the next server switchover, listen to the wikis on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1742392800 March 19 at 14:00 UTC]. '''Updates for editors''' * The [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-edits&active-list=suggestions&from=en&to=es improved Content Translation tool dashboard] is now available in [[phab:T387820|10 Wikipedias]] and will be available for all Wikipedias [[phab:T387821|soon]]. With [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation#Improved translation experience|the unified dashboard]], desktop users can now: Translate new sections of an article; Discover and access topic-based [https://ig.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&active-list=suggestions&from=en&to=ig&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-edits article suggestion filters] (initially available only for mobile device users); Discover and access the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Translation suggestions: Topic-based & Community-defined lists|Community-defined lists]] filter, also known as "Collections", from wiki-projects and campaigns. * On Wikimedia Commons, a [[c:Commons:WMF support for Commons/Upload Wizard Improvements#Improve category selection|new system to select the appropriate file categories]] has been introduced: if a category has one or more subcategories, users will be able to click on an arrow that will open the subcategories directly within the form, and choose the correct one. The parent category name will always be shown on top, and it will always be possible to come back to it. This should decrease the amount of work for volunteers in fixing/creating new categories. The change is also available on mobile. These changes are part of planned improvements to the UploadWizard. * The Community Tech team is seeking wikis to join a pilot for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Multiblocks|Multiblocks]] feature and a refreshed Special:Block page in late March. Multiblocks enables administrators to impose multiple different types of blocks on the same user at the same time. If you are an admin or steward and would like us to discuss joining the pilot with your community, please leave a message on the [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Multiblocks|project talk page]]. * Starting March 25, the Editing team will test a new feature for Edit Check at [[phab:T384372|12 Wikipedias]]: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Multi-check|Multi-Check]]. Half of the newcomers on these wikis will see all [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#ref|Reference Checks]] during their edit session, while the other half will continue seeing only one. The goal of this test is to see if users are confused or discouraged when shown multiple Reference Checks (when relevant) within a single editing session. At these wikis, the tags used on edits that show References Check will be simplified, as multiple tags could be shown within a single edit. Changes to the tags are documented [[phab:T373949|on Phabricator]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379131] * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot|Global reminder bot]], which is a service for notifying users that their temporary user-rights are about to expire, now supports using the localized name of the user-rights group in the message heading. Translators can see the [[m:Global reminder bot/Translation|listing of existing translations and documentation]] to check if their language needs updating or creation. * The [[Special:GlobalPreferences|GlobalPreferences]] gender setting, which is used for how the software should refer to you in interface messages, now works as expected by overriding the local defaults. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386584] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:26}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:26|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the Wikipedia App for Android had a bug fixed for when a user is browsing and searching in multiple languages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379777] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Later this week, the way that Codex styles are loaded will be changing. There is a small risk that this may result in unstyled interface message boxes on certain pages. User generated content (e.g. templates) is not impacted. Gadgets may be impacted. If you see any issues [[phab:T388847|please report them]]. See the linked task for details, screenshots, and documentation on how to fix any affected gadgets. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.21|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/12|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W12"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:49, 17 March 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28412594 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-13</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W13"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/13|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Wikimedia Foundation is seeking your feedback on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product & Technology OKRs|drafts of the objectives and key results that will shape the Foundation's Product and Technology priorities]] for the next fiscal year (starting in July). The objectives are broad high-level areas, and the key-results are measurable ways to track the success of their objectives. Please share your feedback on the talkpage, in any language, ideally before the end of April. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] will be released to multiple wikis (see [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status#Global Deployment Plan|deployment plan]] for details) in April 2025, and the team has begun the process of engaging communities on the identified wikis. The extension provides tools to organize, manage, and promote collaborative activities (like events, edit-a-thons, and WikiProjects) on the wikis. The extension has three tools: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaboration list|Collaboration List]], and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Invitation list|Invitation Lists]]. It is currently on 13 Wikipedias, including English Wikipedia, French Wikipedia, and Spanish Wikipedia, as well as Wikidata. Questions or requests can be directed to the [[mw:Help talk:Extension:CampaignEvents|extension talk page]] or in Phabricator (with <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr" style="white-space: nowrap;">#campaigns-product-team</bdi> tag). * Starting the week of March 31st, wikis will be able to set which user groups can view private registrants in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]], as part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents]] extension. By default, event organizers and the local wiki admins will be able to see private registrants. This is a change from the current behavior, in which only event organizers can see private registrants. Wikis can change the default setup by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting wiki configuration changes|requesting a configuration change]] in Phabricator (and adding the <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr" style="white-space: nowrap;">#campaigns-product-team</bdi> tag). Participants of past events can cancel their registration at any time. * Administrators at wikis that have a customized <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[MediaWiki:Sidebar]]</bdi> should check that it contains an entry for the {{int:specialpages}} listing. If it does not, they should add it using <code dir=ltr style="white-space: nowrap;">* specialpages-url|specialpages</code>. Wikis with a default sidebar will see the link moved from the page toolbox into the sidebar menu in April. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T388927] * The Minerva skin (mobile web) combines both Notice and Alert notifications within the bell icon ([[File:OOjs UI icon bell.svg|16px|link=|class=skin-invert]]). There was a long-standing bug where an indication for new notifications was only shown if you had unseen Alerts. This bug is now fixed. In the future, Minerva users will notice a counter atop the bell icon when you have 1 or more unseen Notices and/or Alerts. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344029] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * VisualEditor has introduced a [[mw:VisualEditor/Hooks|new client-side hook]] for developers to use when integrating with the VisualEditor target lifecycle. This hook should replace the existing lifecycle-related hooks, and be more consistent between different platforms. In addition, the new hook will apply to uses of VisualEditor outside of just full article editing, allowing gadgets to interact with the editor in DiscussionTools as well. The Editing Team intends to deprecate and eventually remove the old lifecycle hooks, so any use cases that this new hook does not cover would be of interest to them and can be [[phab:T355555|shared in the task]]. * Developers who use the <code dir=ltr>mw.Api</code> JavaScript library, can now identify the tool using it with the <code dir=ltr>userAgent</code> parameter: <code dir=ltr>var api = new mw.Api( { userAgent: 'GadgetNameHere/1.0.1' } );</code>. If you maintain a gadget or user script, please set a user agent, because it helps with library and server maintenance and with differentiating between legitimate and illegitimate traffic. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373874][https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Policy:Wikimedia_Foundation_User-Agent_Policy] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.22|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/13|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W13"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:43, 24 March 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28443127 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-14</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W14"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/14|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The Editing team is working on a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit Check|Edit check]]: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check#26 March 2025|Peacock check]]. This check's goal is to identify non-neutral terms while a user is editing a wikipage, so that they can be informed that their edit should perhaps be changed before they publish it. This project is at the early stages, and the team is looking for communities' input: [[phab:T389445|in this Phabricator task]], they are gathering on-wiki policies, templates used to tag non-neutral articles, and the terms (jargon and keywords) used in edit summaries for the languages they are currently researching. You can participate by editing the table on Phabricator, commenting on the task, or directly messaging [[m:user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3|Single User Login]] has now been updated on all wikis to move login and account creation to a central domain. This makes user login compatible with browser restrictions on cross-domain cookies, which have prevented users of some browsers from staying logged in. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:35}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:35|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting on March 31st, the MediaWiki Interfaces team will begin a limited release of generated OpenAPI specs and a SwaggerUI-based sandbox experience for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:REST API|MediaWiki REST APIs]]. They invite developers from a limited group of non-English Wikipedia communities (Arabic, German, French, Hebrew, Interlingua, Dutch, Chinese) to review the documentation and experiment with the sandbox in their preferred language. In addition to these specific Wikipedia projects, the sandbox and OpenAPI spec will be available on the [[testwiki:Special:RestSandbox|on the test wiki REST Sandbox special page]] for developers with English as their preferred language. During the preview period, the MediaWiki Interfaces Team also invites developers to [[mw:MediaWiki Interfaces Team/Feature Feedback/REST Sandbox|share feedback about your experience]]. The preview will last for approximately 2 weeks, after which the sandbox and OpenAPI specs will be made available across all wiki projects. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.23|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Sometimes a small, [[gerrit:c/operations/cookbooks/+/1129184|one line code change]] can have great significance: in this case, it means that for the first time in years we're able to run all of the stack serving <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[http://maps.wikimedia.org/ maps.wikimedia.org]</bdi> - a host dedicated to serving our wikis and their multi-lingual maps needs - from a single core datacenter, something we test every time we perform a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|datacenter switchover]]. This is important because it means that in case one of our datacenters is affected by a catastrophe, we'll still be able to serve the site. This change is the result of [[phab:T216826|extensive work]] by two developers on porting the last component of the maps stack over to [[w:en:Kubernetes|kubernetes]], where we can allocate resources more efficiently than before, thus we're able to withstand more traffic in a single datacenter. This work involved a lot of complicated steps because this software, and the software libraries it uses, required many long overdue upgrades. This type of work makes the Wikimedia infrastructure more sustainable. '''Meetings and events''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Workshop Spring 2025|MediaWiki Users and Developers Workshop Spring 2025]] is happening in Sandusky, USA, and online, from 14–16 May 2025. The workshop will feature discussions around the usage of MediaWiki software by and within companies in different industries and will inspire and onboard new users. Registration and presentation signup is now available at the workshop's website. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/14|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W14"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:06, 1 April 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28473566 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-15</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W15"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/15|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * From now on, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Interface administrators|interface admins]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Central notice administrators|centralnotice admins]] are technically required to enable [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|two-factor authentication]] before they can use their privileges. In the future this might be expanded to more groups with advanced user-rights. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T150898] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The Design System Team is preparing to release the next major version of Codex (v2.0.0) on April 29. Editors and developers who use CSS from Codex should see the [[mw:Codex/Release Timeline/2.0|2.0 overview documentation]], which includes guidance related to a few of the breaking changes such as <code dir=ltr style="white-space: nowrap;">font-size</code>, <code dir=ltr style="white-space: nowrap;">line-height</code>, and <code dir=ltr style="white-space: nowrap;">size-icon</code>. * The results of the [[mw:Developer Satisfaction Survey/2025|Developer Satisfaction Survey (2025)]]&nbsp; are now available. Thank you to all participants. These results help the Foundation decide what to work on next and to review what they recently worked on. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.24|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2025|2025 Wikimedia Hackathon]] will take place in Istanbul, Turkey, between 2–4 May. Registration for attending the in-person event will close on 13 April. Before registering, please note the potential need for a [https://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkish-representations.en.mfa visa] or [https://www.mfa.gov.tr/visa-information-for-foreigners.en.mfa e-visa] to enter the country. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/15|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W15"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:53, 7 April 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28507470 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-16</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W16"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/16|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Later this week, the default thumbnail size will be increased from 220px to 250px. This changes how pages are shown in all wikis and has been requested by some communities for many years, but wasn't previously possible due to technical limitations. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T355914] * File thumbnails are now stored in discrete sizes. If a page specifies a thumbnail size that's not among the standard sizes (20, 40, 60, 120, 250, 330, 500, 960), then MediaWiki will pick the closest larger thumbnail size but will tell the browser to downscale it to the requested size. In these cases, nothing will change visually but users might load slightly larger images. If it doesn't matter which thumbnail size is used in a page, please pick one of the standard sizes to avoid the extra in-browser down-scaling step. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Images#Thumbnail_sizes][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T355914] '''Updates for editors''' * The Wikimedia Foundation are working on a system called [[m:Edge Uniques|Edge Uniques]] which will enable [[:w:en:A/B testing|A/B testing]], help protect against [[:w:en:Denial-of-service attack|Distributed denial-of-service attacks]] (DDoS attacks), and make it easier to understand how many visitors the Wikimedia sites have. This is so that they can more efficiently build tools which help readers, and make it easier for readers to find what they are looking for. * To improve security for users, a small percentage of logins will now require that the account owner input a one-time password [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:EmailAuth|emailed to their account]]. It is recommended that you [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-personal-email|check]] that the email address on your account is set correctly, and that it has been confirmed, and that you have an email set for this purpose. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T390662] * "Are you interested in taking a short survey to improve tools used for reviewing or reverting edits on your Wiki?" This question will be [[phab:T389401|asked at 7 wikis starting next week]], on Recent Changes and Watchlist pages. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools|Moderator Tools team]] wants to know more about activities that involve looking at new edits made to your Wikimedia project, and determining whether they adhere to your project's policies. * On April 15, the full Wikidata graph will no longer be supported on <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">[https://query.wikidata.org/ query.wikidata.org]</bdi>. After this date, scholarly articles will be available through <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr" style="white-space:nowrap;">[https://query-scholarly.wikidata.org/ query-scholarly.wikidata.org]</bdi>, while the rest of the data hosted on Wikidata will be available through the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">[https://query.wikidata.org/ query.wikidata.org]</bdi> endpoint. This is part of the scheduled split of the Wikidata Graph, which was [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/September 2024 scaling update|announced in September 2024]]. More information is [[d:Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS graph split|available on Wikidata]]. * The latest quarterly [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Newsletter/First quarter of 2025|Wikimedia Apps Newsletter]] is now available. It covers updates, experiments, and improvements made to the Wikipedia mobile apps. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Technical Community Newsletter/2025/April|Technical Community Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes: an invitation for tool maintainers to attend the Toolforge UI Community Feedback Session on April 15th; recent community metrics; and recent technical blog posts. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.25|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/16|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W16"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:25, 15 April 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28540654 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-17</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W17"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/17|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Main Page|Wikifunctions]] is now integrated with [[w:dag:Solɔɣu|Dagbani Wikipedia]] since April 15. It is the first project that will be able to call [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Introduction|functions from Wikifunctions]] and integrate them in articles. A function is something that takes one or more inputs and transforms them into a desired output, such as adding up two numbers, converting miles into metres, calculating how much time has passed since an event, or declining a word into a case. Wikifunctions will allow users to do that through a simple call of [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Catalogue|a stable and global function]], rather than via a local template. [https://www.wikifunctions.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status_updates/2025-04-16] * A new type of lint error has been created: [[Special:LintErrors/empty-heading|{{int:linter-category-empty-heading}}]] ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Lint errors/empty-heading|documentation]]). The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Linter|Linter extension]]'s purpose is to identify wikitext patterns that must or can be fixed in pages and provide some guidance about what the problems are with those patterns and how to fix them. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368722] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:37}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:37|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Following its publication on HuggingFace, the "Structured Contents" dataset, developed by Wikimedia Enterprise, is [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/kaggle-dataset/ now also available on Kaggle]. This Beta initiative is focused on making Wikimedia data more machine-readable for high-volume reusers. They are releasing this beta version in a location that open dataset communities already use, in order to seek feedback, to help improve the product for a future wider release. You can read more about the overall [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/structured-contents-snapshot-api/#open-datasets Structured Contents project], and about the [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/structured-contents-wikipedia-infobox/ first release that's freely usable]. * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''Meetings and events''' * The Editing and Machine Learning Teams invite interested volunteers to a video meeting to discuss [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Peacock check|Peacock check]], which is the latest [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check|Edit check]] that will detect "peacock" or "overly-promotional" or "non-neutral" language whilst an editor is typing. Editors who work with newcomers, or help to fix this kind of writing, or are interested in how we use artificial intelligence in our projects are encouraged to attend. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Editing team/Community Conversations#Next Conversation|meeting will be on April 28, 2025]] at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1745863200 18:00–19:00 UTC] and hosted on Zoom. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/17|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W17"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:01, 21 April 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28578245 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-18</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W18"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/18|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Event organizers who host collaborative activities on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status#Global Deployment Plan|multiple wikis]], including Bengali, Japanese, and Korean Wikipedias, will have access to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] this week. Also, admins in the Wikipedia where the extension is enabled will automatically be granted the event organizer right soon. They won't have to manually grant themselves the right before they can manage events as [[phab:T386861|requested by a community]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:19}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:19|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The release of the next major version of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Codex]], the design system for Wikimedia, is scheduled for 29 April 2025. Technical editors will have access to the release by the week of 5 May 2025. This update will include a number of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Release_Timeline/2.0#Breaking_changes|breaking changes]] and minor [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Release_Timeline/2.0#Visual_changes|visual changes]]. Instructions on handling the breaking and visual changes are documented on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Release Timeline/2.0#|this page]]. Pre-release testing is reported in [[phab:T386298|T386298]], with post-release issues tracked in [[phab:T392379|T392379]] and [[phab:T392390|T392390]]. * Users of [[wikitech:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Wiki_Replicas|Wiki Replicas]] will notice that the database views of <code dir="ltr">ipblocks</code>, <code dir="ltr">ipblocks_ipindex</code>, and <code dir="ltr">ipblocks_compat</code> are [[phab:T390767|now deprecated]]. Users can query the <code dir="ltr">[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block_table|block]]</code> and <code dir="ltr">[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block_target_table|block_target]]</code> new views that mirror the new tables in the production database instead. The deprecated views will be removed entirely from Wiki Replicas in June, 2025. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.27|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/April|Language and Internationalization Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes an overview of the improved [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=es&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-edits&active-list=suggestions&from=en#/ Content Translation Dashboard Tool], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/April#Language Support for New and Existing Languages|support for new languages]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/April#Wiki Loves Ramadan Articles Made In Content Translation Mobile Workflow|highlights from the Wiki Loves Ramadan campaign]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Research:Languages Onboarding Experiment 2024 - Executive Summary|results from the Language Onboarding Experiment]], an analysis of topic diversity in articles, and information on upcoming community meetings and events. '''Meetings and events''' * The [[Special:MyLanguage/Grants:Knowledge_Sharing/Connect/Calendar|Let's Connect Learning Clinic]] will take place on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1745937000 April 29 at 14:30 UTC]. This edition will focus on "Understanding and Navigating Conflict in Wikimedia Projects". You can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Learning Clinic %E2%80%93 Understanding and Navigating Conflict in Wikimedia Projects (Part_1)|register now]] to attend. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2025|2025 Wikimedia Hackathon]], which brings the global technical community together to connect, brainstorm, and hack existing projects, will take place from May 2 to 4th, 2025, at Istanbul, Turkey. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/18|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W18"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:32, 28 April 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28585685 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-19</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W19"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/19|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Wikimedia Foundation has shared the latest draft update to their [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026|annual plan]] for next year (July 2025–June 2026). This includes an [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026|executive summary]] (also on [[diffblog:2025/04/25/sharing-the-wikimedia-foundations-2025-2026-draft-annual-plan/|Diff]]), details about the three main [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals|goals]] ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product & Technology OKRs|Infrastructure]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Volunteer Support|Volunteer Support]], and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Effectiveness|Effectiveness]]), [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Global Trends|global trends]], and the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Budget Overview|budget]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Financial Model|financial model]]. Feedback and questions are welcome on the [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026|talk page]] until the end of May. '''Updates for editors''' * For wikis that have the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|CampaignEvents extension enabled]], two new feature improvements have been released: ** Admins can now choose which namespaces are permitted for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]] via [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Community Configuration|Community Configuration]] ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Permitted namespaces|documentation]]). The default setup is for event registration to be permitted in the Event namespace, but other namespaces (such as the project namespace or WikiProject namespace) can now be added. With this change, communities like WikiProjects can now more easily use Event Registration for their collaborative activities. ** Editors can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Transclusion|transclude]] the Collaboration List on a wiki page ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Collaboration list/Transclusion|documentation]]). The Collaboration List is an automated list of events and WikiProjects on the wikis, accessed via {{#special:AllEvents}} ([[w:en:Special:AllEvents|example]]). Now, the Collaboration List can be added to all sorts of wiki pages, such as: a wiki mainpage, a WikiProject page, an affiliate page, an event page, or even a user page. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Developers who use the <code dir=ltr>moment</code> library in gadgets and user scripts should revise their code to use alternatives like the <code dir=ltr>Intl</code> library or the new <code dir=ltr>mediawiki.DateFormatter</code> library. The <code dir=ltr>moment</code> library has been deprecated and will begin to log messages in the developer console. You can see a global search for current uses, and [[phab:T392532|ask related questions in this Phabricator task]]. * Developers who maintain a tool that queries the Wikidata term store tables (<code dir=ltr style="white-space: nowrap;">wbt_*</code>) need to update their code to connect to a separate database cluster. These tables are being split into a separate database cluster. Tools that query those tables via the wiki replicas must be adapted to connect to the new cluster instead. [[wikitech:News/2025 Wikidata term store database split|Documentation and related links are available]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T390954] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.28|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The latest [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|Chart Project newsletter]] is available. It includes updates on preparing to expand the deployment to additional wikis as soon as this week (starting May 6) and scaling up over the following weeks, plus exploring filtering and transforming source data. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/19|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W19"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:15, 6 May 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28665011 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-20</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W20"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/20|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia URL Shortener|"Get shortened URL"]] link on the sidebar now includes a [[phab:T393309|QR code]]. Wikimedia site users can now use it by scanning or downloading it to quickly share and access shared content from Wikimedia sites, conveniently. '''Updates for editors''' * The Wikimedia Foundation is working on a system called [[m:Edge Uniques|Edge Uniques]], which will enable [[w:en:A/B testing|A/B testing]], help protect against [[w:en:Denial-of-service attack|distributed denial-of-service attacks]] (DDoS attacks), and make it easier to understand how many visitors the Wikimedia sites have. This is to help more efficiently build tools which help readers, and make it easier for readers to find what they are looking for. Tech News has [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/16|previously written about this]]. The deployment will be gradual. Some might see the Edge Uniques cookie the week of 19 May. You can discuss this on the [[m:Talk:Edge Uniques|talk page]]. * Starting May 19, 2025, Event organisers in wikis with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] enabled can use [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]] in the project namespace (e.g., Wikipedia namespace, Wikidata namespace). With this change, communities don't need admins to use the feature. However, wikis that don't want this change can remove and add the permitted namespaces at [[Special:CommunityConfiguration/CampaignEvents]]. * The Wikipedia project now has a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/en}} in [[d:Q36720|Nupe]] ([[w:nup:|<code>w:nup:</code>]]). This is a language primarily spoken in the North Central region of Nigeria. Speakers of this language are invited to contribute to [[w:nup:Tatacin feregi|new Wikipedia]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Developers can now access pre-parsed Dutch Wikipedia, amongst others (English, German, French, Spanish, Italian, and Portuguese) through the [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/docs/snapshot/#structured-contents-snapshot-bundle-info-beta Structured Contents snapshots (beta)]. The content includes parsed Wikipedia abstracts, descriptions, main images, infoboxes, article sections, and references. * The <code dir="ltr">/page/data-parsoid</code> REST API endpoint is no longer in use and will be deprecated. It is [[phab:T393557|scheduled to be turned off]] on June 7, 2025. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.1|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/News/2025_Cloud_VPS_VXLAN_IPv6_migration IPv6 support] is a newly introduced Cloud virtual network that significantly boosts Wikimedia platforms' scalability, security, and readiness for the future. If you are a technical contributor eager to learn more, check out [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2025/05/06/wikimedia-cloud-vps-ipv6-support/ this blog post] for an in-depth look at the journey to IPv6. '''Meetings and events''' * The 2nd edition of 2025 of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Afrika Baraza|Afrika Baraza]], a virtual platform for African Wikimedians to connect, will take place on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1747328400 May 15 at 17:00 UTC]. This edition will focus on discussions regarding [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026|Wikimedia Annual planning and progress]]. * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MENA Connect Community Call|MENA Connect Community Call]], a virtual meeting for [[w:en:Middle East and North Africa|MENA]] Wikimedians to connect, will take place on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1747501200 May 17 at 17:00 UTC]. You can [[m:Event:MENA Connect (Wiki_Diwan) APP Call|register now]] to attend. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/20|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W20"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:38, 12 May 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28714188 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-21</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W21"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/21|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Editing Team and the Machine Learning Team are working on a new check for newcomers: [[mw:Edit check/Peacock check|Peacock check]]. Using a prediction model, this check will encourage editors to improve the tone of their edits, using artificial intelligence. We invite volunteers to review the first version of the Peacock language model for the following languages: Arabic, Spanish, Portuguese, English, and Japanese. Users from these wikis interested in reviewing this model are [[mw:Edit check/Peacock check/model test|invited to sign up at MediaWiki.org]]. The deadline to sign up is on May 23, which will be the start date of the test. '''Updates for editors''' * From May 20, 2025, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Oversight policy|oversighters]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Meta:CheckUsers|checkusers]] will need to have their accounts secured with two-factor authentication (2FA) to be able to use their advanced rights. All users who belong to these two groups and do not have 2FA enabled have been informed. In the future, this requirement may be extended to other users with advanced rights. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mandatory two-factor authentication for users with some extended rights|Learn more]]. * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Multiblocks|Multiblocks]] will begin mass deployment by the end of the month: all non-Wikipedia projects plus Catalan Wikipedia will adopt Multiblocks in the week of May 26, while all other Wikipedias will adopt it in the week of June 2. Please [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Multiblocks|contact the team]] if you have concerns. Administrators can test the new user interface now on your own wiki by browsing to [{{fullurl:Special:Block|usecodex=1}} {{#special:Block}}?usecodex=1], and can test the full multiblocks functionality [[testwiki:Special:Block|on testwiki]]. Multiblocks is the feature that makes it possible for administrators to impose different types of blocks on the same user at the same time. See the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Manage blocks|help page]] for more information. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T377121] * Later this week, the [[{{#special:SpecialPages}}]] listing of almost all special pages will be updated with a new design. This page has been [[phab:T219543|redesigned]] to improve the user experience in a few ways, including: The ability to search for names and aliases of the special pages, sorting, more visible marking of restricted special pages, and a more mobile-friendly look. The new version can be [https://meta.wikimedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Special:SpecialPages previewed] at Beta Cluster now, and feedback shared in the task. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T219543] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Chart extension]] is being enabled on more wikis. For a detailed list of when the extension will be enabled on your wiki, please read the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project#Deployment Timeline|deployment timeline]]. * [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Main Page|Wikifunctions]] will be deployed on May 27 on five Wiktionaries: [[wikt:ha:|Hausa]], [[wikt:ig:|Igbo]], [[wikt:bn:|Bengali]], [[wikt:ml:|Malayalam]], and [[wikt:dv:|Dhivehi/Maldivian]]. This is the second batch of deployment planned for the project. After deployment, the projects will be able to call [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Introduction|functions from Wikifunctions]] and integrate them in their pages. A function is something that takes one or more inputs and transforms them into a desired output, such as adding up two numbers, converting miles into metres, calculating how much time has passed since an event, or declining a word into a case. Wikifunctions will allow users to do that through a simple call of [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Catalogue|a stable and global function]], rather than via a local template. * Later this week, the Wikimedia Foundation will publish a hub for [[diffblog:2024/07/09/on-the-value-of-experimentation/|experiments]]. This is to showcase and get user feedback on product experiments. The experiments help the Wikimedia movement [[diffblog:2023/07/13/exploring-paths-for-the-future-of-free-knowledge-new-wikipedia-chatgpt-plugin-leveraging-rich-media-social-apps-and-other-experiments/|understand new users]], how they interact with the internet and how it could affect the Wikimedia movement. Some examples are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future Audiences/Generated Video|generated video]], the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future Audiences/Roblox game|Wikipedia Roblox speedrun game]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future Audiences/Discord bot|the Discord bot]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:29}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:29|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, there was a bug with creating an account using the API, which has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T390751] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Gadgets and user scripts that interact with [[{{#special:Block}}]] may need to be updated to work with the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Manage blocks|manage blocks interface]]. Please review the [[mw:Help:Manage blocks/Developers|developer guide]] for more information. If you need help or are unable to adapt your script to the new interface, please let the team know on the [[mw:Help talk:Manage blocks/Developers|talk page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T377121] * The <code dir=ltr>mw.title</code> object allows you to get information about a specific wiki page in the [[w:en:Wikipedia:Lua|Lua]] programming language. Starting this week, a new property will be added to the object, named <code dir=ltr>isDisambiguationPage</code>. This property allows you to check if a page is a disambiguation page, without the need to write a custom function. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T71441] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] User script developers can use a [[toolforge:gitlab-content|new reverse proxy tool]] to load javascript and css from [[gitlab:|gitlab.wikimedia.org]] with <code dir=ltr>mw.loader.load</code>. The tool's author hopes this will enable collaborative development workflows for user scripts including linting, unit tests, code generation, and code review on <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">gitlab.wikimedia.org</bdi> without a separate copy-and-paste step to publish scripts to a Wikimedia wiki for integration and acceptance testing. See [[wikitech:Tool:Gitlab-content|Tool:Gitlab-content on Wikitech]] for more information. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.2|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * The 12th edition of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Workshop 2025|Wiki Workshop 2025]], a forum that brings together researchers that explore all aspects of Wikimedia projects, will be held virtually on 21-22 May. Researchers can [https://pretix.eu/wikimedia/wikiworkshop2025/ register now]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/21|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W21"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:13, 19 May 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28724712 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-22</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W22"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/22|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * A community-wide discussion about a very delicate issue for the development of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia|Abstract Wikipedia]] is now open on Meta: where to store the abstract content that will be developed through functions from Wikifunctions and data from Wikidata. The discussion is open until June 12 at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content|Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content]], and every opinion is welcomed. The decision will be made and communicated after the consultation period by the Foundation. '''Updates for editors''' * Since last week, on all wikis except [[phab:T388604|the largest 20]], people using the mobile visual editor will have [[phab:T385851|additional tools in the menu bar]], accessed using the new <code>+</code> toolbar button. To start, the new menu will include options to add: citations, hieroglyphs, and code blocks. Deployment to the remaining wikis is [[phab:T388605|scheduled]] to happen in June. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] The <code dir=ltr>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserFunctions##ifexist|#ifexist]]</code> parser function will no longer register a link to its target page. This will improve the usefulness of [[{{#special:WantedPages}}]], which will eventually only list pages that are the target of an actual red link. This change will happen gradually as the source pages are updated. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T14019] * This week, the Moderator Tools team will launch [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|a new filter to Recent Changes]], starting at Indonesian Wikipedia. This new filter highlights edits that are likely to be reverted. The goal is to help Recent Changes patrollers identify potentially problematic edits. Other wikis will benefit from this filter in the future. * Upon clicking an empty search bar, logged-out users will see suggestions of articles for further reading. The feature will be available on both desktop and mobile. Readers of Catalan, Hebrew, and Italian Wikipedias and some sister projects will receive the change between May 21 and mid-June. Readers of other wikis will receive the change later. The goal is to encourage users to read the wikis more. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments/Search Suggestions|Learn more]]. * Some users of the Wikipedia Android app can use a new feature for readers, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/TrivaGame|WikiGames]], a daily trivia game based on real historical events. The release has started as an A/B test, available to 50% of users in the following languages: English, French, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, Arabic, Chinese, and Turkish. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Newsletter|Newsletter extension]] that is available on MediaWiki.org allows the creation of [[mw:Special:Newsletters|various newsletters]] for global users. The extension can now publish new issues as section links on an existing page, instead of requiring a new page for each issue. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T393844] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The previously deprecated <code dir=ltr>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Ipblocks table|ipblocks]]</code> views in [[wikitech:Help:Wiki Replicas|Wiki Replicas]] will be removed in the beginning of June. Users are encouraged to query the new <code dir=ltr>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block table|block]]</code> and <code dir=ltr>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block target table|block_target]]</code> views instead. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.3|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Wikidata and Sister Projects|Wikidata and Sister Projects]] is a multi-day online event that will focus on how Wikidata is integrated to Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia projects. The event runs from May 29 – June 1. You can [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Wikidata and Sister Projects#Sessions|read the Program schedule]] and [[d:Special:RegisterForEvent/1291|register]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/22|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W22"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:05, 26 May 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28788673 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-23</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W23"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/23|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Chart extension]] is now available on all Wikimedia wikis. Editors can use this new extension to create interactive data visualizations like bar, line, area, and pie charts. Charts are designed to replace many of the uses of the legacy [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|Graph extension]]. '''Updates for editors''' * It is now easier to configure automatic citations for your wiki within the visual editor's [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki|citation generator]]. Administrators can now set a default template by using the <code dir=ltr>_default</code> key in the local <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[MediaWiki:Citoid-template-type-map.json]]</bdi> page ([[mw:Special:Diff/6969653/7646386|example diff]]). Setting this default will also help to future-proof your existing configurations when [[phab:T347823|new item types]] are added in the future. You can still set templates for individual item types as they will be preferred to the default template. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384709] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting the week of June 2, bots logging in using <code dir=ltr>action=login</code> or <code dir=ltr>action=clientlogin</code> will fail more often. This is because of stronger protections against suspicious logins. Bots using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Bot passwords|bot passwords]] or using a loginless authentication method such as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/Owner-only consumers|OAuth]] are not affected. If your bot is not using one of those, you should update it; using <code dir=ltr>action=login</code> without a bot password was deprecated [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/3EEMN7VQX5G7WMQI5K2GP5JC2336DPTD/|in 2016]]. For most bots, this only requires changing what password the bot uses. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395205] * From this week, Wikimedia wikis will allow ES2017 features in JavaScript code for official code, gadgets, and user scripts. The most visible feature of ES2017 is <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>async</code>/<code>await</code></bdi> syntax, allowing for easier-to-read code. Until this week, the platform only allowed up to ES2016, and a few months before that, up to ES2015. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381537] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.4|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * Scholarship applications to participate in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM Wiki 2025|GLAM Wiki Conference 2025]] are now open. The conference will take place from 30 October to 1 November, in Lisbon, Portugal. GLAM contributors who lack the means to support their participation can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM Wiki 2025/Scholarships|apply here]]. Scholarship applications close on June 7th. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/23|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W23"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:55, 2 June 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28819186 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-24</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W24"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/24|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product|Trust and Safety Product team]] is finalizing work needed to roll out [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] on large Wikipedias later this month. The team has worked with stewards and other users with extended rights to predict and address many use cases that may arise on larger wikis, so that community members can continue to effectively moderate and patrol temporary accounts. This will be the second of three phases of deployment – the last one will take place in September at the earliest. For more information about the recent developments on the project, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates|see this update]]. If you have any comments or questions, write on the [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|talk page]], and [[m:Event:CEE Catch up Nr. 10 (June 2025)|join a CEE Catch Up]] this Tuesday. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist expiry|watchlist expiry]] feature allows editors to watch pages for a limited period of time. After that period, the page is automatically removed from your watchlist. Starting this week, you can set a preference for the default period of time to watch pages. The [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-watchlist-pageswatchlist|preferences]] also allow you to set different default watch periods for editing existing pages, pages you create, and when using rollback. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T265716] [[File:Talk pages default look (April 2023).jpg|thumb|alt=Screenshot of the visual improvements made on talk pages|Example of a talk page with the new design, in French.]] * The appearance of talk pages will change at almost all Wikipedias ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/19|some]] have already received this design change, [[phab:T379264|a few]] will get these changes later). You can read details about the changes [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|on ''Diff'']]. It is possible to opt out of these changes [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion|in user preferences]] ("{{int:discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}"). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T319146][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T392121] * Users with specific extended rights (including administrators, bureaucrats, checkusers, oversighters, and stewards) can now have IP addresses of all temporary accounts [[phab:T358853|revealed automatically]] during time-limited periods where they need to combat high-speed account-hopping vandalism. This feature was requested by stewards. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386492] * This week, the Moderator Tools and Machine Learning teams will continue the rollout of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|a new filter to Recent Changes]], releasing it to several more Wikipedias. This filter utilizes the Revert Risk model, which was created by the Research team, to highlight edits that are likely to be reverted and help Recent Changes patrollers identify potentially problematic contributions. The feature will be rolled out to the following Wikipedias: {{int:project-localized-name-afwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hawwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-simplewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}. The rollout will continue in the coming weeks to include [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|the rest of the Wikipedias in this project]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391964] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * AbuseFilter editors active on Meta-Wiki and large Wikipedias are kindly asked to update AbuseFilter to make it compatible with temporary accounts. A link to the instructions and the private lists of filters needing verification are [[phab:T369611|available on Phabricator]]. * Lua modules now have access to the name of a page's associated thumbnail image, and on [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/g/operations/mediawiki-config/+/2e4ab14aa15bb95568f9c07dd777065901eb2126/wmf-config/InitialiseSettings.php#10849 some wikis] to the WikiProject assessment information. This is possible using two new properties on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#added-by-extensions|mw.title objects]], named <code dir=ltr>pageImage</code> and <code dir=ltr>pageAssessments</code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T131911][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380122] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.5|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/24|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W24"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:17, 10 June 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28846858 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-25</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W25"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/25|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * You can [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/359761?lang=en nominate your favorite tools] for the sixth edition of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|Coolest Tool Award]]. Nominations are anonymous and will be open until June 25. You can re-use the survey to nominate multiple tools. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:33}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:33|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.6|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Foundation staff and technical volunteers use Wikimedia APIs to build the tools, applications, features, and integrations that enhance user experiences. Over the coming years, the MediaWiki Interfaces team will be investing in Wikimedia web (HTTP) APIs to better serve technical volunteer needs and protect Wikimedia infrastructure from potential abuse. You can [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2025/06/12/apis-as-a-product-investing-in-the-current-and-next-generation-of-technical-contributors/ read more about their plans to evolve the APIs in this Techblog post]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/25|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W25"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:39, 16 June 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28870688 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-26</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W26"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/26|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * This week, the Moderator Tools and Machine Learning teams will continue the rollout of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|a new filter to Recent Changes]], releasing it to the third and last batch of Wikipedias. This filter utilizes the Revert Risk model, which was created by the Research team, to highlight edits that are likely to be reverted and help Recent Changes patrollers identify potentially problematic contributions. The feature will be rolled out to the following Wikipedias: {{int:project-localized-name-azwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-swwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tlwiki/en}}. The rollout will continue in the coming weeks to include [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|the rest of the Wikipedias in this project]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391964] '''Updates for editors''' * Last week, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] were rolled out on Czech, Korean, and Turkish Wikipedias. This and next week, deployments on larger Wikipedias will follow. [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|Share your thoughts]] about the project. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T340001] * Later this week, the Editing team will release [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Multi check|Multi Check]] to all Wikipedias (except English Wikipedia). This feature shows multiple [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Reference check|Reference checks]] within the editing experience. This encourages users to add citations when they add multiple new paragraphs to a Wikipedia article. This feature was previously available as an A/B test. [https://analytics.wikimedia.org/published/reports/editing/multi_check_ab_test_report_final.html#summary-of-results The test shows] that users who are shown multiple checks are 1.3 times more likely to add a reference to their edit, and their edit is less likely to be reverted (-34.7%). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395519] * A few pages need to be renamed due to software updates and to match more recent Unicode standards. All of these changes are related to title-casing changes. Approximately 71 pages and 3 files will be renamed, across 15 wikis; the complete list is in [[phab:T396903|the task]]. The developers will rename these pages next week, and they will fix redirects and embedded file links a few minutes later via a system settings update. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:24}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:24|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed that had caused pages to scroll upwards when text near the top was selected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T364023] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Editors can now use Lua modules to filter and transform tabular data for use with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Extension:Chart]]. This can be used for things like selecting a subset of rows or columns from the source data, converting between units, statistical processing, and many other useful transformations. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Transforms|Information on how to use transforms is available]]. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates] * The <code dir=ltr>all_links</code> variable in [[Special:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]] is now renamed to <code dir=ltr>new_links</code> for consistency with other variables. Old usages will still continue to work. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391811] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.7|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters/34|Growth newsletter]] is available. It includes: the recent updates for the "Add a Link" Task, two new Newcomer Engagement Features, and updates to Community Configuration. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/26|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W26"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:21, 23 June 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28870688 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-27</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W27"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/27|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] has been enabled on all Wikipedias. The extension makes it easier to organize and participate in collaborative activities, like edit-a-thons and WikiProjects, on the wikis. The extension has three features: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaboration list|Collaboration List]], and [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Invitation list|Invitation List]]. To request the extension for your wiki, visit the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status#How to Request the CampaignEvents Extension for your wiki|Deployment information page]]. '''Updates for editors''' * AbuseFilter maintainers can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:IPReputation/AbuseFilter variables|match against IP reputation data]] in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilters]]. IP reputation data is information about the proxies and VPNs associated with the user's IP address. This data is not shown publicly and is not generated for actions performed by registered accounts. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T354599] * Hidden content that is within [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Collapsible elements|collapsible parts of wikipages]] will now be revealed when someone searches the page using the web browser's "Find in page" function (Ctrl+F or ⌘F) in supporting browsers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T327893][https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference/Global_attributes/hidden#browser_compatibility] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] A new feature, called [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData/Template discovery|Favourite Templates]], will be deployed later this week on all projects (except English Wikipedia, which will receive the feature next week), following a piloting phase on Polish and Arabic Wikipedia, and Italian and English Wikisource. The feature will provide a better way for new and experienced contributors to recall and discover templates via the template dialog, by allowing users to put templates on a special "favourite list". The feature works with both the visual editor and the wikitext editor. The feature is a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|community wishlist focus area]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed that had caused some Notifications to be sent multiple times. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T397103] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.8|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/27|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W27"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:41, 30 June 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28917415 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-28</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W28"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/28|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Temporary accounts|Temporary accounts]] have been rolled out on 18 large and medium-sized Wikipedias, including German, Japanese, French, and Chinese. Now, about 1/3 of all logged-out activity across wikis is coming from temporary accounts. Users involved in patrolling may be interested in two new documentation pages: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Access to IP|Access to IP]], explaining everything related to access to temporary account IP addresses, and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Repository|Repository]] with a list of new gadgets and user scripts. '''Updates for editors''' * Anyone can play an experimental new game, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/New Engagement Experiments/WikiRun|WikiRun]], that lets you race through Wikipedia by clicking from one article to another, aiming to reach a target page in as few steps and in as little time as possible. The project's goal is to explore new ways of engaging readers. [https://wikirun-game.toolforge.org/ Try playing the game] and let the team know what you think [[mw:Talk:New Engagement Experiments/WikiRun|on the talk page]]. * Users of the Wikipedia Android app in some languages can now play the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/TrivaGame|trivia game]]. ''Which came first?'' is a simple history game where you guess which of two events happened earlier on today's date. It was previously available as an A/B test. It is now available to all users in English, German, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Russian, Arabic, Turkish, and Chinese. The goal of the feature is to help engage with new generations of readers. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/22] * Users of the iOS Wikipedia App in some languages may see a new tabbed browsing feature that enables you to open multiple tabs while reading. This feature makes it easier to explore related topics and switch between articles. The A/B test is currently running in Arabic, English, and Japanese in selected regions. More details are available on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Tabbed Browsing (Tabs)|Tabbed Browsing project page]]. * Bureaucrats on Wikimedia wikis can now use [[{{#special:VerifyOATHForUser}}]] to check if users have enabled [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|two-factor authentication]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T265726] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] A new feature related to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|Template Recall and Discovery]] will be deployed later this week to all Wikimedia projects: a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData/Template discovery#Template categories|template category browser]] will be introduced to assist users in finding templates to put in their “favourite” list. The browser will allow users to browse a list of templates which have been organised into a given category tree. The feature has been requested by the community [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Wishes/Select templates by categories|through the Community Wishlist]]. * It is now possible to access watchlist preferences from the watchlist page. Also the redundant button to edit the watchlist has been removed. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Moderator_Tools/Watchlist] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As part of [[mw:MediaWiki_1.44|MediaWiki 1.44]] there is now a unified built-in Notifications system that makes it easier for developers to send, manage, and customize notifications. Check out the updated documentation at [[mw:Manual:Notifications|Manual:Notifications]], information about migration in [[phab:T388663|T388663]] and details on deprecated hooks in [[phab:T389624|T389624]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.9|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Event:WikidataCon 2025|WikidataCon 2025]], the conference dedicated to Wikidata is now open for [https://pretalx.com/wikidatacon-2025/cfp session proposals] and for [[d:Special:RegisterForEvent/1340|registration]]. This year's event will be held online from October 31 – November 02 and will explore on the theme of "Connecting People through Linked Open Data". '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/28|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W28"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:06, 8 July 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28930584 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-29</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W29"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/29|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData/Template discovery#Featured templates|Featured templates]], a new feature related to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|Template Recall and Discovery]] will be deployed this week to all Wikimedia projects: With this feature, editors will be able to quickly access a list of templates that are likely to be useful. These templates will be displayed in a list, under the "featured" tab of the template discovery interface. Administrators can define the list via the Community Configuration interface. The feature fulfills a request by the community [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Wishes/Easy access Templates|through the Community Wishlist]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367428][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T392896] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the request to add Malayalam fonts in the [[oldWikisource:Special:MyLanguage/Wikisource:WS Export|Wikisource Book Export Tool]] was resolved and now, the rendering of Malayalam letters in exported Wikisource books are accurate. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374457] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.10|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Developers, designers, and all Wikimedians are invited to [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/7953/ submit a project idea] for the Wikimania Hackathon 2025. Read [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/06/30/call-for-projects-wikimania-hackathon-2025-is-coming-to-nairobi/ this Diff blog post] for more details. '''Meetings and events''' * [[m:WikiIndaba conference 2025|WikiIndaba 2025]] scholarship application and program submission is open until 23:59 GMT on July 20. WikiIndaba is a regional conference for African Wikimedians both on the continent and in the diaspora to unite and grow together. Submit [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdJTv68R1OPASXXDfpIl8EWiMLTM-TDwh6_5gNVvFuWccFZ2Q/viewform your scholarship application] and [https://ee.kobotoolbox.org/x/BI3omIfH program proposal] now! * [https://br.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiCon_Brasil_2025 WikiCon Brasil 2025] will take place on July 19-20 in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. The Brazilian community members are encouraged to register and attend! '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/29|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W29"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:10, 14 July 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28980963 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-30</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W30"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/30|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The Translation Suggestions feature in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation|Content Translation tool]] now has another level of article filters added to the "[https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-edits&active-list=suggestions&from=en&to=fi#/ ... More]" category. Translators who use the Suggestions feature can now select and receive article suggestions that are customized to geographical locations of their interest using the new "{{int:Cx-sx-suggestions-filters-tab-regions}}" filter. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T113257] * Administrators can now limit "Add a Link" to newcomers. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|"Add a Link"]] Structured Task [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Constructive activation experimentation#Enwiki A/B test & "Add a Link" Improvements (Wiki Experiences 1.2.11 & 1.2.16)|helps new account holders start editing]], but some communities have requested the ability to restrict it to its intended audience: newcomers. Administrators can configure this setting within the [[Special:CommunityConfiguration/GrowthSuggestedEdits|Community Configuration]] feature. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:29}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:29|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * For AbuseFilter editors on [[phab:T392144|some wikis]], it is now possible to filter edits based on the RevertRisk score of the edit being attempted. It is only populated if the action being evaluated is an edit. For more information, please see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:ORES/AbuseFilter variables#What variables are available for use|ORES/AbuseFilter variables]] documentation. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Beta Cluster|Beta Cluster]] wikis have [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/YDABPV75LADRQCXMJAFWUP256N4EQ25B/|been moved]] from <code dir=ltr>beta.wmflabs.org</code> to <code dir=ltr>beta.wmcloud.org</code>. Users may need to update URLs in any tools, or in their password managers. Any related issues can be [[phab:T289318|reported in the task]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.11|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiCite 2025|WikiCite 2025]] will take place from 29–31 August, both online and in-person in Bern, Switzerland. The event's goals are to reconnect communities, institutions, and individuals working with open citations, bibliographic data, and the Wikidata/Wikibase ecosystem. Registration is open and the call for proposals will be announced soon. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikidata@lists.wikimedia.org/message/KQZUG3ETKLBWPBYSB2YAWZIRPWHS24TG/] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/30|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W30"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:43, 21 July 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29005283 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-31</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W31"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/31|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Community Tech team will be focusing on wishes related to Watchlists and Recent Changes pages, over the next few months. They are looking for feedback. Please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates#July 24, 2025: Watchlists and Recent Changes pages|read the latest update]], and if you have ideas, please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist|submit a wish]] on the topic. '''Updates for editors''' * The Wikimedia Commons community has decided to block [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Upload dialog|cross-wiki uploads]] to Wikimedia Commons, for all users without autoconfirmed rights on that wiki, starting on August 16. This is because of [[:c:Commons:Cross-wiki media upload tool/History|widespread problems]] related to files that are uploaded by newcomers. Users who are affected by this will get an error message with a link to the less restrictive UploadWizard on Commons. Please help translating the [[:c:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki:Abusefilter-disallowed-cross-wiki-upload|message]] or give feedback on the message text. Please also update your local help pages to explain this restriction. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370598] * On wikis with temporary accounts enabled and Meta-Wiki, administrators may now set up a footer for the Special:Contributions pages of temporary accounts, similar to those which can be shown on IP and user-account pages. They may do it by creating the page named <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Sp-contributions-footer-temp</code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398347] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.12|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Wikimania|Wikimania 2025]] will run from August 6–9. The [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/schedule/ program is available] for you to plan which sessions you want to attend. Most sessions will be live-streamed, with exceptions for those that show the "no camera" icon. If you are joining online to watch live-streams and use the interactive features, please [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Registration|register]] for a free virtual ticket. For example, you may be interested in technical sessions such as: ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/KFEFVG/ Temporary Accounts: Enhancing privacy for our unregistered editors] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/TVCVAB/ Building a Sustainable Future for Wikimedia Contributors] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/WTRQCJ/ A dozen visions for wikitext!] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/8YKKP9/ Coordinate Across Stakeholders with the Product and Technology Advisory Council] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2025|MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference, Fall 2025]] will be held 28–30 October 2025 in Hanover, Germany. This event is organized by and for the third-party MediaWiki community. You can propose sessions and register to attend. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/31|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W31"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:27, 29 July 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29051727 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-32</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W32"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/32|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Editors can now enable the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/User Info|User Info card]]. This feature adds an icon next to usernames on history pages and similar user-contribution log pages. When you tap or click on the icon, it displays data related to that user account such as the number of edits, reverted edits, blocks, and more. It's part of a broader project to make it easier for moderators to evaluate account trustworthiness. The feature can be enabled in [[testwiki:Special:GlobalPreferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|your global preferences]], and later this week it will be available in local preferences. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386439] * Everybody is invited to share comments on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaborative contributions|Collaborative Contributions]], a project recently launched by the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Connection Team|Connection team]]. The project aims to create a new way to display the impact of collaborative editing activities (such as edit-a-thons, backlog drives, and WikiProjects) on the wikis. Post your comments on the [[m:Talk:CampaignEvents/Collaborative contributions|project talk page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378035] * Administrators can now define the default block duration for temporary accounts. To do that, they need to create a page named <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Ipb-default-expiry-temporary-account</code> and use a value defined in <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Ipboptions</code>. This allows administrators to easily block temporary accounts for 90 days, which is functionally equivalent to an indefinite block. The advantage of this solution is that it does not clutter Special:BlockList. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block and unblock#Default block duration options|More documentation]] is available. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398626] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Gadgets can now include <code dir=ltr>.vue</code> files. This makes it easier to develop modern user interfaces using [[mw:Vue.js|Vue.js]], in particular using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Codex]], the official design system of Wikimedia. [[wmdoc:codex/latest/icons/overview.html|Codex icons]] can be loaded through the gadget definition. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets#Pages|The documentation]] has examples. For user scripts that use Vue.js, an [[mw:API:CodexIcons|API module]] now exists to load Codex icons. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T340460][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T311099] * Module developers can now use a [[mw:Help:Extension:Translate/Message Bundles/Lua reference|Lua interface]] to simplify the preparation of Lua modules for translation on Meta-Wiki. This improvement makes it easier for translators to find and edit module strings without dealing with raw Lua code. It helps prevent mistakes that could break the module during translation. Module developers and translators are invited to [[commons:File:Translatable modules video demo July 2025.webm|watch the demo video]], read more about [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Translatable modules|translatable modules]] to understand how it works, refer to Meta-Wiki's [[m:Module:User Wikimedia project|Module:User Wikimedia project]] for example usage, and [[mw:Talk:Translatable modules|share their feedback]] on how well it addresses the challenges in their workflow. The interface still has some performance issues, so it should not be used in widely used modules yet. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T359918] * Developers of external tools that connect to Wikimedia pages must set a user-agent that complies with [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Wikimedia Foundation User-Agent Policy|the user-agent policy]]. This policy will start to be more strongly enforced in August because of external crawlers that are [[diffblog:2025/04/01/how-crawlers-impact-the-operations-of-the-wikimedia-projects/|overusing]] Wikimedia's resources. Tools that are hosted on Wikimedia's Toolforge or Cloud VPS will not be affected by this for now, but should still set a user-agent. [[phab:T400119|More technical details are available]], and related questions are welcome in that task. * Parsoid Read Views is going to be rolling out to some smaller Wikipedias over the next few weeks, following the successful transition of Wikivoyages and Wiktionaries to Parsoid Read Views. For more information, see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parsoid/Parser Unification]] project page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/profile/7694/] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.13|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Wikimania|Wikimania 2025]] will run from August 6–9. The [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/schedule/ program is available] for you to plan which sessions you want to attend. Most sessions will be live-streamed, with exceptions for those that show the "no camera" icon. If you are joining online to watch live-streams and use the interactive features, please [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Registration|register]] for a free virtual ticket. For example, you may be interested in technical sessions such as: ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/GEH9DH/ Wikimedia’s knowledge infrastructure in a changing internet: Establishing sustainable pathways for content reuse] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/7ELN9Q/ Wikifunctions is coming soon to a wiki near you!] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/ZMGVJV/ Shaping the Future of Wikipedia’s Reader Experience] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/KCKTFZ/ Making Wikipedia More Readable: What Comes Next] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/32|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W32"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 03:41, 5 August 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29083927 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-33</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W33"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/33|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The WikiEditor toolbar now includes [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:WikiEditor#Keyboard shortcuts|its keyboard shortcuts]] in the tooltips for its buttons. This will help to improve the discoverability of this feature. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400583] * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] published a set of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/August 2025 draft PTAC proposals for feedback|proposed experiments]] the Wikimedia Foundation can try to improve communication with community. Feedback on the proposals are welcomed until August 22 on [[m:Talk:Product and Technology Advisory Council/August 2025 draft PTAC proposals for feedback|this talk page]]. * The search bar on the Minerva skin (mobile) has been updated to use the same type-ahead search component that is used on the Vector 2022 skin. There are no changes in search functionality but there are minor visual changes. Specifically, the close-search button has been changed from an "X" to a back arrow. This helps to distinguish it from the other "X" button that is used to clear any text. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T393944] * Editors on some wikis will see a new toggle for "Group results by page" on watchlist, related changes, and recent changes pages. This is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Watchlist/Experiment|an A/B experiment]] that is planned to start on August 11, and will run for 3–6 weeks on the Bengali, Chinese, Czech, French, Greek, Portuguese, and Urdu Wikipedias. The experiment will examine how making this feature more discoverable might affect editors' ability to find the edits they are looking for. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T396789] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The multiwiki datasets of [[:wikt:en:Module:Unicode data|Unicode data]] have been moved to [[c:Category:Unicode Module Datasets|Category:Unicode Module Datasets]] on Wikimedia Commons, to follow the idea of "One common data source, multiple local wikis". Most wikis have been updated to use the Commons version. You can ask questions at [[c:Category talk:Unicode Module Datasets|the talkpage]]. [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Module_talk:Unicode_data#Data_from_commons] * Lua code can add warnings when something is wrong, by using the <code dir=ltr>mw.addWarning()</code> function. It is now possible to add more than one warning, instead of new warnings replacing old ones. If you maintain a Lua module that used warnings, you should check it still works as expected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398390] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.14|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/33|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W33"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:30, 11 August 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29106516 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-34</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W34"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/34|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Later this week, people who are logged-in and have the "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary|Discussion tools]]" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Beta Feature]] enabled will gain the ability to "Thank" individual comments directly from talk pages, rather than needing to navigate to page history. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary#Comment actions|Learn more about this feature]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400849] * An A/B test comparing two versions of the desktop donate link launched on testwiki on 12 August and on English Wikipedia 14 August for 0.1% of logged out users on the desktop site. The experiment will run for three weeks, ending on 12 September. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395716] * An A/A test to measure the baseline for reader retention was launched 12 August using [[wikitech:Experimentation Lab|Experimentation Lab]]. This measures the percentage of users who revisit a wiki after their initial visit over a 14-day period. No visual changes are expected. The experiment will run through 31 August. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399227] * Five new wikis have been created: ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource/en}} in [[d:Q34057|Tagalog]] ([[s:tl:|<code>s:tl:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T388639] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource/en}} in [[d:Q36213|Madurese]] ([[s:mad:|<code>s:mad:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391747] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/en}} in [[d:Q3450749|Rakhine]] ([[w:rki:|<code>w:rki:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T392490] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikibooks/en}} in [[d:Q13324|Minangkabau]] ([[b:min:|<code>b:min:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395452] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary/en}} in [[d:Q7598268|Standard Moroccan Amazigh]] ([[wikt:zgh:|<code>wikt:zgh:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399684] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:46}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:46|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.15|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/34|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W34"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:39, 19 August 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29127690 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-35</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W35"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/35|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Template authors can now use additional CSS properties, since the CSS sanitizer used by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateStyles|TemplateStyles]] was updated. For example: <code>width: fit-content</code>; <code>ruby-align</code>; relative units such as <code>lh</code>; and custom strings in <code>list-style-type</code>. These improvements are a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Wishes/Allow use of modern CSS in templates by updating the TemplateStyles CSS sanitizer|Community Wishlist wish]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T271958][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T277755][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T293633][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T295088][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326906][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T340057][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T360725][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T371809][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375344][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T394619] * On large wikis, the default time period to display edits from, within the Special:RecentChanges page, has been changed from 7 days to 1 day. This is part of a performance improvement project. This should have no user-facing impact due to the quantity of edits on these wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399455] * Administrators can now access the [[{{#special:BlockedExternalDomains}}]] page from the [[{{#special:CommunityConfiguration}}]] list page. This makes it easier to find. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T393240] * Wikimedia Commons videos were not shown in the Videos tab in Google Search. The problem was investigated and reported to Google who have now fixed the issue. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T396168][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Community_Wishlist/Wishes/Do_something_about_Google_%26_DuckDuckGo_search_not_indexing_media_files_and_categories_on_Commons] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary/en}} in [[d:Q33014|Betawi]] ([[wikt:bew:|<code>wikt:bew:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402130] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:39}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:39|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Two fields of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Recentchanges table|recentchanges database table]] are being removed. <code>rc_new</code> and <code>rc_type</code> are being removed in favor of <code>rc_source</code>. Queries to these older fields will start to fail starting this week and developers should use <code>rc_source</code> instead. These older fields were deprecated over 10 years ago and should not be in use. This is part of work to improve the performance and stability of queries to the recentchanges table. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400696] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.16|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/July|Language and Internationalization Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes: support for new languages in MediaWiki and translatewiki; the start of the Language Onboarding and Development project to help support the growth of new and small wikis; updates on research projects; and more. '''Meetings and events''' * The next [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Community meetings#29 August 2025|Language Community Meeting]] is happening soon, August 29th at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1756479600 15:00 UTC]. This week's meeting will cover: the Avro keyboard developers from Wikimedia Bangladesh, who were recently awarded a national award for their contributions to this keyboard; and other topics. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/35|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W35"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:13, 26 August 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29175124 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-36</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W36"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/36|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Editing team wants to compile a list of templates, jargon terms, and policies used in edit summaries when a copyright violation is removed. This will help them identify the number of edits reverted due to copyright issues. We invite community members from the following Wikis to list these terms in [[Phab:T402601|T402601]], or to share their list with [[User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek_(WMF)]]: {{int:project-localized-name-arwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-dewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-enwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-eswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-frwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-idwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-itwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-jawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-plwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ptwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ukwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-viwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zhwiki/en}}. This project is open until September 9th 2025. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] has been enabled for all Wikisources. The extension makes it easier to organize and participate in collaborative activities, like edit-a-thons and WikiProjects, on the wikis. The extension has three features: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaboration list|Collaboration List]], and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Connection Team/Invitation list|Invitation List]]. To request the extension for your wiki, visit the Deployment information page. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/CampaignEvents/Deployment_status#How_to_Request_the_CampaignEvents_Extension_for_your_wiki] * The lists in the footer of the editing interface, such as "Templates used on this page," will now be organized into columns when there is enough space. This enhancement minimizes scrolling when editing lengthy articles on Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401066] * On September 3rd, 2025 we will increase the sampling percentages of our [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Watchlist/Experiment#Scope of the experiment|group by toggle experiment]] of the <code>Special:RecentChanges</code>, <code>Special:Watchlist</code>, and <code>Special:RelatedChanges</code> pages on the Chinese, French, and Portuguese Wikipedias to 100 percent, allowing more editors to be part of this experiment. This adjustment is intended to ensure we have sufficient data to make informed decisions when evaluating the experiment results. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402958][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T396789] * Upon clicking an empty search bar, logged-out users will see suggestions of articles for further reading on English Wikipedia beginning the week of September 22. The feature will be available on both desktop and mobile. All non-English wikis received this change in June and July. The goal is to make it easier for users to find articles. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments/Search Suggestions|Learn more]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:37}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:37|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.17|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Wikifunctions now has a new capability called "lightweight enumeration types", an enumeration type is simply a fixed set of values that's in the type's definition. This capability makes it quick and easy to define such a type, and allows for the reuse of values that are already present in Wikidata. Here is [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-07-19|a newsletter]] to learn more. * The latest [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Newsletter updates#August 2025: Newsletter #1|Readers Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes: the formation of two new teams — Reader Growth and Reader Experience; insights into declining pageviews and account creations; highlights from the Wikimania Nairobi panel on improving the reading experience; upcoming experiments to engage new and existing readers; and more. '''Meetings and events''' * Spotlight on some Wikimania 2025 Sessions: ** Identifying AI-generated text by searching for ISBNs whose checksums fail: Mathias Schindler of WMDE [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dw9o8Lsl974&t=15910s shared tools to help communities search for these]. ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/TCHZKH/ La durabilité du mouvement Wikimedia face aux défis actuels et futurs]: This session explored how Wikimedia can stay a trusted source of knowledge in the age of generative AI, information overload, and disinformation. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/36|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W36"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:51, 1 September 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29196010 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-37</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W37"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/37|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Editing team is working on a new check: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Paste check|Paste check]]. This check informs newcomers who paste text into Wikipedia that the content might not be accepted. This check is an effort to increase the likelihood that the new content people are adding to Wikipedia is aligned with the Movement's commitment to offering information under a free content license. This check will soon be tested at a few wikis. If your community is interested in this test, please [[phab:T403680|tell us in this task]], or [[mw:Talk:Edit check|contact the team]]. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Later this week, users of the "{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] will be able to use a [[w:en:Lint (software)|linting tool]] to see errors or other potential problems in wikitext in real time. See the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Linting|help page for more information]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381577] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] When browsing a wiki (like <code dir=ltr>en.wikipedia.org</code>), the software responds in one of two ways: a desktop page, or a redirect to a mobile version on an "m" domain (like <code dir=ltr>en.m.wikipedia.org</code>). Over the next three weeks, MediaWiki will start displaying the mobile version to mobile devices directly on the standard domain, without this redirect. This change does not affect existing m-dot URLs, or the "Desktop view" opt-out. [[mw:Requests for comment/Mobile domain sunsetting/2025 Announcement|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T214998] * When an edit changes the categories of a page, the changes to the category membership counts are now happening asynchronously. This improves the speed of saving edits, especially when moving many pages to or from the same category, and reduces the risk of site outages, but it means that the counts can show outdated information for a few minutes. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T365303] * Edits on Wikidata to qualifiers (properties and values) and references (properties and values) in a Wikidata item statement will now not add entries to the RecentChanges or Watchlist pages on all other Wikis. This is a temporary change to improve performance while other solutions are created. Wikidata's own pages remain unchanged. [[m:Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects/Reduce change propagation noise#Phase 1: Turn off (temporarily) Qualifiers and References Wikidata edits to the Recent Changes tables|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401286][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400698] * Japanese-language wikis have had a major upgrade to the way that search works. The new search should generally give more accurate and more relevant search results. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T318269] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.18|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/37|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W37"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:15, 9 September 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29238161 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-38</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W38"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/38|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * References lists that are made using the <code dir=ltr><nowiki><references/></nowiki></code> [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Cite#references-tag|tag]] will now automatically display with columns in Vector 2022 when readers are using its 'standard' settings for text-size and page-width. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334941] * Starting in the week of October 6, on [[gitiles:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/small.dblist|small wikis]] and [[gitiles:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/medium.dblist|medium wikis]] that have the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] enabled, all autoconfirmed users will be able to use [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]] as an organizer. No changes will be made for [[gitiles:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/large.dblist|large wikis]] unless requested in Phabricator. This change is being made to make it easier for more people to use Event Registration, especially on wikis that are less likely to have policies related to the Event Organizer right. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Proposal to grant autoconfirmed users on small and medium wikis the organizer access to the event registration tool|Learn more]]. * Users that search using regular expressions (regex) can now use additional features including: ** for the <code dir=ltr>intitle:</code> keyword: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#Metacharacters|metacharacters]] for start-of-line (<code dir=ltr>^</code>) and end-of-line (<code dir=ltr>$</code>) anchors [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T317599] ** for both <code dir=ltr>intitle:</code> and <code dir=ltr>insource:</code> keywords: shorthand [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#Character_Classes|character classes]] for digits (<code dir=ltr>\d</code>), whitespace (<code dir=ltr>\s</code>), and word characters (<code dir=ltr>\w</code>); and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#Escape codes|escape codes]] for line feed (<code dir=ltr>\r</code>), newline (<code dir=ltr>\n</code>), tab (<code dir=ltr>\t</code>), and unicode (e.g. <code dir=ltr>\uHHHH</code>). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403212] * When you search for text that looks like an IP, the system will now show search results. It used to take you to the contributions for that IP instead of showing search results. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T306325] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on September 24. This is planned at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1758726000 15:00 UTC]. This is for the datacenter server switchover backup tests which happen twice a year. You can [[diffblog:2025/03/12/hear-that-the-wikis-go-silent-twice-a-year/|read more about the background and details of this process on the Diff blog]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:24}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:24|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed that affected users who used the page-tabs to switch from wikitext editing of a section into the visualeditor. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401043] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The MediaWiki Interfaces team is redesigning the Wikimedia REST API Sandbox with Codex. If you have feedback on improvements for the API documentation or what makes developer experiences smooth (or frustrating), you’re invited to [https://calendar.google.com/calendar/u/0/appointments/schedules/AcZssZ2aZzbXeQvjOF7gB1fJXiwAYemQjKf4sXNaRODPA7_obFyNBwkzNkoVCoTF-aeov89kIjXHbCQm join an upcoming discovery interview], or [[mw:MediaWiki Interfaces Team/Developer Feedback/Wikimedia Web APIs|leave feedback onwiki]]. [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/C4FBAOA57PH6G5ORVMAUF5TGYBLZDU5Q/|Learn more]]. * Edits to Wikidata aliases (an alternative name for an item or a property) will now be shown in RecentChanges and Watchlist entries on other wikis less often, reducing unnecessary notifications. This will reduce the overall quantity of 'noisy' entries. Wikidata's own pages remain unchanged. [[m:Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects/Reduce change propagation noise#Phase 1: More granular Alias tracking|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401288] * The new [https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode17.0.0/ Unicode 17.0] version has been released. The [[:c:Category:Unicode Module Datasets|datasets on Commons]] for the [[:d:Q39301585|Module:Unicode data]] have been updated. Wikipedias that do not use the Commons datasets should either update their own data or switch to the Commons datasets. * Users of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise|Wikimedia Enterprise]] Structured Contents endpoints can now access [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/parsed-wikipedia-tables/ Parsed Tables]. The new Parsed Tables feature extracts and represents Wikipedia tables in structured JSON. This improves machine accessibility as part of the [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/api/structured-contents/ Structured Contents initiative]. Structured Contents output is freely available through the [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/docs/on-demand/#article-structured-contents-beta On-demand API], or through Wikimedia Cloud Services. * A [https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/wikimedia-foundation/english-wikipedia-people-dataset dataset of English Wikipedia biographical information] from [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise|Wikimedia Enterprise]] has been published on Kaggle, for evaluation and research. This provides structured data from more than 1.5 million biographies, including birth and death dates, education, affiliations, careers, awards, and more (from a June 2024 snapshot). * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.19|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2026:Scholarships|Scholarship applications]] for Wikimania 2026 in Paris, France, are open until October 31. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/38|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W38"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:08, 15 September 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29263921 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-39</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W39"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/39|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1758726000 On September 24th at 15:00 UTC], all Wikimedia sites users will experience a brief read-only period due to a scheduled [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|datacenter server switchover]]. The Wikimedia Foundation's Site Reliability Engineering (SRE) team will redirect all traffic from one primary server to its backup. You can listen to the switchover using the [http://listen.hatnote.com/ "Listen to Wikipedia"] tool, where you will hear edits stop for a few minutes during the read-only phase, then resume. This twice-yearly datacenter server switchover ensures reliability by testing the backup datacenter, so that our sites can stay online even if the primary datacenter fails. You can [[diffblog:2025/03/12/hear-that-the-wikis-go-silent-twice-a-year/|read more about the process on the Diff blog]]. '''Updates for editors''' * Editors of [[f:Special:Mylanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-09-12#Next round of Wiktionaries to receive embedded Wikifunctions calls|60 more Wiktionaries]] will soon be able to call [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Introduction|functions from Wikifunctions]] and integrate them into their pages. A function takes one or more inputs and transforms them into a desired output, like adding numbers, converting miles to meters, calculating elapsed time, or declining a word into a case. They will join the other [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-08-29#Wikifunctions available on 65 Wiktionaries|65 Wiktionary language editions]], which already have access to embedded Wikifunctions calls. Later this year, plans are in place to expand to more Wiktionaries and the Incubator. * A new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#Technical metadata of another page|parser function]] has been added: <code><nowiki>{{#contentmodel}}</nowiki></code>. Template editors and admins can use it to get the localized or canonical name of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:ChangeContentModel|content model]] of a specific page. The function makes it easier to create and edit system messages, such as ''MediaWiki:editinginterface'', even when you switch types of pages, like wiki, JavaScript, CSS or JSON page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328254] * Adding or editing a <code>DISPLAYTITLE</code> for an article using VisualEditor will no longer be broken. Editors who use VisualEditor mode to modify the <code><nowiki>{{DISPLAYTITLE}}</nowiki></code> would no longer have the literal text "DISPLAYTITLE" or its localized variant added to their articles. A list of pages that may have been affected and might need cleanup is documented in [[phab:P83438|this ticket]]. * Beta users of the Wikipedia Android app can now try the redesigned [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/Activity Tab Experiment|Activity tab]], which replaces the Edits tab. The new tab offers personalized insights into reading, editing, and donation activity, while simplifying navigation and making app use more engaging. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:12}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:12|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.20|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Wikifunctions users can now import many essential facts involving [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Z6011|geo-coordinates]], [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Z6010|quantities]] and [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Z6064|time]] values from Wikidata. This is made possible by the creation of Wikifunctions types for these values, which makes them available for use by functions in Wikifunctions. Learn more about how this works in [[c:File:ImportingWikidataDatatypesIntoWikifunctions.webm|this video]] and Wikifunctions' [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-08-01#News in Types I: Wikidata quantity|August 1 newsletter]] (for quantities) and [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-08-22#News in Types: Wikidata geo-coordinate|August 22 newsletter]] (for geo-coordinates). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/39|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W39"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:56, 22 September 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29305556 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-40</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W40"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/40|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * A major software upgrade has been made to [[phab:|Phabricator]]. The update introduces performance improvements, a refreshed search interface, enhancements to Maniphest task search, updates to user profile pages and project workboards, new Herald automation features, as well as general text input, mobile experience improvements and more. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/phame/post/view/321/iterative_improvements_september_2025/] '''Updates for editors''' * The Community Tech team will release the new Community Wishlist extension on October 1, that will improve the way wishes will be submitted. The new extension will allow users to add tags to their wishes to better categorise them, and (in a future iteration) to filter them by status, tags and focus areas. It will also be possible to support individual wishes again, as requested by the community in many instances. The old system will be retired. There will be a brief period of downtime while the extension is deployed and wishes are migrated to the new system. You can read more about this [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates|in the latest update]] or you can consult the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CommunityRequests|current documentation on MediaWiki]]. * As announced [[diffblog:2025/09/02/better-detecting-bots-and-replacing-our-captcha/|on Diff blog]], the production trial of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/hCaptcha|hCaptcha]] service for bot detection has begun. The trial is currently using hCaptcha to protect account creation on Chinese, Persian, Portuguese, Indonesian, Japanese, and Turkish Wikipedias, where it will replace our existing [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:ConfirmEdit#FancyCaptcha|CAPTCHA]] (FancyCaptcha). The goal with the trial is to better block bots while also improving usability and accessibility for users who encounter CAPTCHA challenges. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents]] extension has been [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|deployed]] to Wikimedia Commons. The extension makes it easier to organize and participate in collaborative activities, like edit-a-thons and WikiProjects, on the wikis. On Commons, anyone who is a registered user can use it as an event participant. To use it as an organizer, someone needs to have the [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Event organizers|event organizer right]]. * [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]], a new feature to re-use references with different details has been released to German Wikipedia. You can [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#test|test the feature]] on testwiki or [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmcloud.org/wiki/Sub-referencing on betawiki] as well. Please share your thoughts on [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Templates used in sub-references|using templates in sub-references]] or [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Pilot wikis|volunteer to become a pilot wiki]]. * On wikis using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship|Mentorship]] system, communities can now opt experienced editors out of Mentorship through [[{{#special:CommunityConfiguration/Mentorship}}]]. Within this setting, communities may define thresholds, based on edit count and account age, to decide when an editor is considered experienced enough to no longer receive Mentorship. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403563] * The Editing Team and the Machine Learning Team are working on a new check for newcomers: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Tone Check|Tone check]]. Using a prediction model, this check will encourage editors to improve the tone of their edits, using artificial intelligence. We invite volunteers to review the first version of the Tone language model for the following languages: Arabic, Czech, German, Hebrew, Indonesian, Dutch, Polish, Russian, Turkish, Chinese, Farsi, Italian, Norwegian, Romanian and Latvian. Users from these wikis interested in reviewing this model are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit_check/Tone_Check/Model_evaluation|invited to sign up at MediaWiki.org]]. The deadline to sign up is on October 3, which will be the start date of the test. * The rollout of [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Manage blocks|multiblocks]] had the side effect that non-active block logs may have been shown on {{#special:Contributions}} and on blocked users' user and user_talk pages. This issue will be fully resolved in a few days. As part of the fix, [{{fullurl:Special:Allmessages|prefix=sp-contributions-blocked-notice}} messages prefixed with <code>sp-contributions-blocked-notice</code>] will be removed and replaced with [{{fullurl:Special:Allmessages|prefix=blocked-notice-logextract}} those prefixed with <code>blocked-notice-logextract</code>] in a few weeks. Please help translate the new messages and update any local overrides if needed. * There was a bug with links added using visual editor if they included characters such as <code dir=ltr><nowiki>[ ] |</nowiki></code> after the fragment identifier (<code><nowiki>#</nowiki></code>). They were not encoded properly creating an incorrect link. This has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404823] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikiquote/en}} in [[d:Q9237|Malay]] ([[q:ms:|<code>q:ms:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404698] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/User Info|User Info Card]] now displays currently active global lock/blocks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401128] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Later this week, editors using Lua modules will be able to use the <code>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#mw.title.newBatch|mw.title.newBatch]]</code> function to look up the existence of up to 25 pages at once, in a way that only increases the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Parser functions#Expensive parser functions|expensive function]] count once. * A new [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group|Unsupported Tools Working Group]] has been formed as part of ongoing efforts to collectively determine technical work priorities, similar to the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product & Technology Advisory Council]] (PTAC). The working group will help prioritize and review requests for support of unmaintained extensions, gadgets, bots, and tools. For the first cycle, the group will be prioritizing an unsupported Wikimedia Commons tool. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.21|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/40|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W40"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:54, 29 September 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29355230 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-41</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W41"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/41|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#paste|Paste Check]] is a new Edit Check feature to help avoid and fight copyright violations. When editors paste text into an article, Paste Check prompts them to confirm the origin and licensing of the content. Starting Wednesday, 8 October, [[phab:T403680|22 wikis will test Paste Check]]. Paste Check will help new volunteers understand and follow the policies and guidelines necessary to make constructive contributions to Wikipedia projects. '''Updates for editors''' * Mobile devices will receive mobile articles directly on the standard domain (like <code>en.wikipedia.org</code>), instead of via a redirect to an "m" domain (like <code>en.m.wikipedia.org</code>). This change improves performance. This week it will be enabled on Wikipedias. The existing mobile URLs and the "Desktop view" opt-out remain available. [[mw:Requests for comment/Mobile domain sunsetting/2025 Announcement|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T214998] * New [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#creationdate and lasteditdate|date filters]], <code dir=ltr>creationdate:</code> and <code dir=ltr>lasteditdate:</code>, are now available in the wiki search engine. This allows users to filter search results by a page's first or last revision date. The filters support comparison operators (e.g. <code dir=ltr>>2024</code>) and relative dates (e.g. <code dir=ltr>today-1d</code>), making it easier to find recently updated content or pages within specific age ranges. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403593] * [[f:|Wikifunctions]] now supports rich text in embedded calls across the 150 wikis where it's enabled. To showcase this, the team created a [[f:Z26333|Latin declination table]] that Wiktionary editors can use to automatically generate noun forms, producing clear, formatted results — see an [[f:Wikifunctions:Embedded function calls/Wiktionary tables demonstration|example output]]. If you need any help or have any feedback, please [[f:Wikifunctions:Project chat|contact the Wikifunctions Team]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T397402] * An edit link will now appear inside the categories box on article pages for logged in users, which will directly launch the VisualEditor category dialog. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T291691] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:34}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:34|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, there was a problem downloading pdf files last week and that has been resolved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T405957] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The field <code dir=ltr>rev_sha1</code> in the revision database table is being removed in favor of <code dir=ltr>content_sha1</code> in the content database table. See [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/cloud@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/2D2M3SP4WHR6BXXKTZ2PBLZQYR3EGQVR/ the announcement] for more information. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web|Reader Experience team]] will roll out [[w:en:Light-on-dark color scheme|Dark Mode]] user interface on all Wikimedia sites on October 29, 2025. All anonymous users of Wikimedia sites will have the option to activate a color scheme that features light-colored text on a dark background. This is designed to provide a more comfortable reading experience, especially in low-light situations. Template authors and technical contributors are encouraged to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Updates/2024-04|learn how to make pages ready for Dark mode]] and address any compatibility issues found in templates in their wiki before the enablement. Please contact the Web team for questions or any support on [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading#|this talk page]] before the enablement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395628] * Starting on Monday, October 6, API endpoints under the <code>rest.php</code> path will be rerouted through a new internal API Gateway. Individual wikis will be updated based on the standard release groups, with total traffic increased over time. This change is expected to be non-breaking and non-disruptive. If any issues are observed, please file a Phabricator ticket to the [[phab:tag/serviceops/|Service Ops team board]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400130] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.22|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/41|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W41"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:24, 6 October 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29400897 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-42</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W42"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/42|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Last week, improvements to account security and two-factor authentication (2FA) features were enabled across all wikis. These changes include user interface improvements for [https://auth.wikimedia.org/metawiki/wiki/Special:AccountSecurity Special:AccountSecurity], the support of multiple 2FA methods via authenticator apps and portable security keys (previously users could only enable one method), and a new Recovery Codes module which facilitates fewer account lockouts due to lost two-factor apps and devices. As part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] project, work is continuing through the rest of 2025 on further user experience improvements, and support for passkeys as an alternate second factor. '''Updates for editors''' * Another part of the Account security project is making 2FA generally available to all users. Along with editors with advanced privileges, such as administrators and bureaucrats, 40% of editors now have access to 2FA. You can check if you have access at [https://auth.wikimedia.org/metawiki/wiki/Special:AccountSecurity Special:AccountSecurity]. Instructions for activation are on the linked page. The plan is to continue increasing availability if it is determined that the user support capabilities are able to support global usage. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400579] * This week, users at wikis where talk page [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability|Usability Improvements]] are already available by default (everywhere ''except'' the 12 wikis listed in [[phab:T379264|T379264]]) will gain the ability to Thank a comment directly from the talk page it appears on. Before this change, Thanking could only be done by visiting the revision history of the talk page. You can [[diffblog:2025/10/13/revolutionizing-gratitude-a-new-era-of-thanking-comments/|learn more about this change]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366095] * Users who have not [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-personal-email|verified their email address]] will soon be receiving monthly Notification reminders to do so. This is because users who have verified their email can more easily recover their account. These reminders will not be sent if the user is inactive or removes the unverified email from their account. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Email_confirmation][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T58074] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a fix was made for an occasional error with saving translated paragraphs in the Content Translation tool, and the related error messages are now easier to see. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T376531] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The Unsupported Tools Working Group has chosen [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons|Video2Commons]] as the first tool for its pilot cycle. The group will explore ways to improve and sustain the tool over the coming months. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group|Learn more on Meta]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.23|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/42|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W42"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:00, 13 October 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29434481 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-43</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W43"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/43|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * To optimize how user data is stored in our databases, the saved preferences of users who haven't logged in for over five years and have fewer than 100 edits will be cleared. When those users return, default settings will apply. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406724] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, there was a broken link from the GlobalContributions interface message to the XTools GlobalContributions page which has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406415] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The work to reroute all traffic to API endpoints under the <code dir=ltr><nowiki>rest.php</nowiki></code> route through a common API gateway is now complete. If any issues are observed, please file a phabricator ticket to the [[phab:tag/serviceops/|Service Ops team board]]. * Edits to Wikidata references or qualifiers will now be shown in RecentChanges and Watchlist entries on other wikis less often, reducing unnecessary notifications. This will reduce the overall quantity of 'noisy' entries. Wikidata's own pages remain unchanged. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401290] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.24|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/43|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W43"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:37, 20 October 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29478670 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-44</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W44"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/44|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The Wikipedia iOS app has launched an A/B/C test of improvements made to the tabbed browsing feature for select regions and languages. The test, named “More dynamic tabs”, explores new tab experiences and includes “Did you know” and “Because you read” article recommendations. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Tabbed Browsing (Tabs)/New Tab Experience and Recommendations Experiment|read more on the project page]]. * Autoconfirmed users on [[gitiles:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/small.dblist|small]] and [[gitiles:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/medium.dblist|medium wikis]] with the CampaignEvents extension can now use [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]] without the Event Organizer right. This feature lets organizers enable registration, manage participants, and lets users register with one click instead of signing event pages. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue of flashing colors when holding or pressing the arrow keys under the dark mode settings in Vector 2022 has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402285] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The CampaignEvents extension will be deployed to all remaining wikis during the week of 17 November 2025. The extension currently includes three features: Event Registration, Collaboration List, and Invitation List. For this rollout, Invitation List will not be enabled on Wikifunctions and MediaWiki unless requested by those communities. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|Visit the deployment page to learn more]]. * The SwaggerUI-based REST sandbox experience is now live on all wiki projects. The sandbox can be accessed through the [[{{#special:RestSandbox}}]] page. Please report any issues to the MediaWiki Interfaces team board, or join the discussion on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Interfaces Team/Feature Feedback/REST Sandbox|project launch]] page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/6931/] * Transform endpoints with a trailing slash path in the MediaWiki REST API are now marked as deprecated. They will remain functional during this time, but removal is expected by the end of January 2026. All API users currently calling them are encouraged to transition to the non-trailing slash versions. Both endpoint variations can be found and tested using the [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?api=mw-extra&title=Special%3ARestSandbox REST Sandbox]. See the [[mw:API/Deprecation|MediaWiki REST API Deprecation]] page for more detailed information about the API deprecation policies and procedures. * A dedicated [[mw:API:REST API/Changelog|changelog now exists for the MediaWiki REST API]]. The changelog provides an overview of these changes, making it easier for developers to keep track of improvements and iterations. Announcements will also continue to flow through the standard communication channels, including Tech News and email distribution lists, but can now be more easily referenced from a central location. If you have feedback about the style, structure, or content of this changelog, please [[mw:API talk:REST API/Changelog|join the discussion]]. * Administrators can delete the tracking category which was previously added by the JsonConfig extension, as it is no longer used. See the categories linked from [[d:Q130635582#sitelinks-wikipedia|Q130635582]]. It is OK if there are still pages listed in the category as that is just a caching issue, and they will be automatically cleared out the next time each page is edited. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378352] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.25|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/44|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W44"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:32, 27 October 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29513638 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-45</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W45"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/45|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Administrators will now find that [[{{#special:MergeHistory}}]] is now significantly more flexible about what it can merge. It can now merge sections taken from the middle of the history of the source (rather than only the start) and insert revisions anywhere in the history of the destination page (rather than only the start). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382958] * For users with "{{int:discussiontools-preference-autotopicsub}}" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|enabled in their preferences]], starting a new topic or adding a reply to an existing topic will now subscribe them to replies to that topic. Previously, this would only happen if the DiscussionTools "{{int:Skin-action-addsection}}" or "{{int:Discussiontools-replybutton}}" widgets were used. When DiscussionTools was originally launched existing accounts were not opted in to automatic topic subscriptions, so this change should primarily affect newer accounts and users who have deliberately changed their preferences since that time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T290778] * Scribunto modules can now be used to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#SVG library|generate SVG images]]. This can be used to build charts, graphics and other visualizations dynamically through Lua, reducing the need to compose them externally and upload them as files. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T405861] * Wikimedia sites now provide all anonymous users with the option to enable a dark mode color scheme, featuring light-colored text on a dark background. This enhancement aims to deliver a more enjoyable reading experience, especially in dimly lit environments. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395628] * Users with large watchlists have long faced timeouts when editing [[Special:EditWatchlist|Special:EditWatchlist]]. The page now loads entries in smaller sections instead of all at once due to a paging update, allowing everyone to edit their watchlists smoothly. As part of the database update, sorting by expiry has been removed because it was over 100× slower than sorting by title. A [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Community_Wishlist/W454 community wish] has been created to explore alternative ways to restore sort-by-expiry. If this feature is important to you, please support the wish! [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T41510] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the fixing of the persisting highlighting when using VisualEditor find and replace during a query. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T407318] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Since 2019 the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia URL Shortener|Wikimedia URL Shortener]] at https://w.wiki is available for all Wikimedia wikis to create short links to articles, permalinks, diffs, etc. It is available in the sidebar as "Get shortened URL". There are 30 wikis that also install an older "ShortUrl" extension. The old extension will soon be removed. This means <code>/s/</code> URLs will not be advertised under article titles via HTML <code dir=ltr>class="title-shortlink"</code>. The <code>/s/</code> URLs will keep working. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T107188] * On Thursday, October 30, the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Interfaces Team|MediaWiki Interfaces]] and [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Site Reliability Engineering|SRE Service Operations]] teams began rerouting Action API traffic through a common API gateway. Individual wikis will be updated based on the standard release groups, with total traffic increased over time. This change is expected to be non-breaking and non-disruptive. If any issues are observed, please file a Phabricator ticket to the [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/tag/serviceops/ Service Ops team] board. * MediaWiki Train deployments will pause for the final two weeks of 2025: 22 December and 29 December. Backport windows will also pause between Monday, 22 December 2025 and Thursday, 2 January 2026. A backport window is a scheduled time to add things like bug fixes and configuration changes. There are seven deployment trains remaining for 2025. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/SMWTEAES4SDLDUSK4HMWNBSKNCXZAWYN/] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.26|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * In 2025, the Wikimedia Foundation reported that AI systems and search engines increasingly use Wikipedia content without driving users to the site, contributing to an 8% drop in human pageviews compared to 2024. After detecting bots disguised as humans, Wikimedia updated its traffic data to reflect this shift. Read more about current user trends on Wikipedia in [[diffblog:2025/10/17/new-user-trends-on-wikipedia/|a Diff blog post]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/45|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W45"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:35, 3 November 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29552512 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-46</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W46"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/46|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' [[File:Talk pages default look (April 2023).jpg|thumb|alt=Screenshot of the visual improvements made on talk pages|Example of a talk page with the new design, in French.]] * Starting November 12, users will see a change in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary#Usability improvements|appearance of talk pages]] on [[Phab:T379264|some Wikipedias]]. Almost [[phab:T392121|all wikis]] have received this design change; [[phab:T409297|English Wikipedia]] will get these changes later. You can read more [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|on ''Diff'']]. Users can opt out of these changes [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|in their user preferences]] in "{{int:discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}". [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379264] * MediaWiki can now display a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Protection indicators|page indicator]] automatically while a page is protected. This feature is disabled by default. It can be enabled by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting wiki configuration changes|community request]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T12347] * Using the "{{int:showpreview}}" or "{{int:showdiff}}" buttons in the wikitext editor will now carry over certain URL parameters like '[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Parameters to index.php#useskin|useskin]]', '[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Parameters to index.php#uselang|uselang]]' and '[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Section#Editing sections|section]]'. This update also fixes an issue where, if the browser crashed while previewing an edit to a single section, saving this edit could overwrite the entire page with just that section’s content. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T62744][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T24029][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T155097] * Wikivoyage wikis can use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer#Markers and counters|colored map markers in the article text]]. The text of these markers will now be shown in contrasting black or white color, instead of always being white. Local workarounds for the problem can be removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T369454] * The Activity tab in the Wikipedia Android app is now available for all users. The new tab offers personalized insights into reading, editing, and donation activity, while simplifying navigation and making app use more engaging. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Android/Activity_Tab_Experiment] * The Reader Growth team is launching an experiment called "Image browsing" to test how to make it easier for readers to browse and discover images on Wikipedia articles. This experiment, a mobile-only A/B test, will go live on English Wikipedia in the week of November 17 and will run for four weeks, affecting 0.05% of users on English wiki. The test launched on November 3 on Arabic, Chinese, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese wikis, affecting up to 10% of users on those wikis. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Readers/Reader_Growth/WE3.1.3_Image_Browsing] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example the inability to lock accounts on mobile sites has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T256185] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[wikitech:Help talk:Toolforge/Toolforge standards committee#November 2025 committee nominations|Nominations are open on Wikitech]] for new [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Toolforge standards committee|Toolforge standards committee]] members. The committee oversees the Toolforge [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Right to fork policy|Right to fork policy]] and [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Abandoned tool policy|Abandoned tool policy]] among other duties. Nominations will remain open through 2025-11-28. * The [[w:JSON Web Token#Standard fields|JWT issuer field]] in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For Developers#OAuth 2|OAuth 2 access tokens]] for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Unified login|SUL wikis]] has been changed to <code><nowiki>https://meta.wikimedia.org</nowiki></code>. Old access tokens will still work. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399199] * The [[w:JSON Web Token#Standard fields|JWT subject field]] in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For Developers#OAuth 2|OAuth 2 access tokens]] will soon change from <code><user id></code> to <code dir=ltr style="white-space:nowrap">mw:<identity type>:<user id></code>, where <code><identity type></code> is typically <code dir=ltr>CentralAuth:</code><!-- not a typo --> (for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Unified login|SUL wikis]]) or <code dir=ltr style="white-space:nowrap">local:<wiki id></code> (for other wikis). This is to avoid conflicts between different user ID types, and to make OAuth 2 access tokens and the <code>sessionJwt</code> cookie more similar. Old access tokens will still work. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399199] * MediaWiki's block messages ([[MediaWiki:Blockedtext|blockedtext]], [[MediaWiki:Blockedtext-partial|blockedtext-partial]], [[MediaWiki:Autoblockedtext|autoblockedtext]], [[MediaWiki:Systemblockedtext|systemblockedtext]], [[MediaWiki:Blockedtext-tempuser|blockedtext-tempuser]], [[MediaWiki:Autoblockedtext-tempuser|autoblockedtext-tempuser]]) now support additional parameters indicating whether the user is blocked from editing their own user talk page <code><nowiki>$9</nowiki></code> or emailing other users <code><nowiki>$</nowiki><nowiki>10</nowiki></code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T285612] * A <code>REL1_45</code> branch for MediaWiki core and each of the extensions and skins in Wikimedia git has been created. This is the first step in the release process for MediaWiki 1.45.0, scheduled for late November 2025. If you are working on a critical bug fix or working on a new feature, you may need to take note of this change. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/ZUY7TY3Z6XPZWZVAZV63OPO5OW52Q6GE/] * The process for generating CirrusSearch dumps has been updated due to slowing performance. If you encounter any issues migrating to the replacement dumps, please contact the Search Platform Team for support. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366248][https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/3KQPOR6ACVN6OVLMLZPIBXQSWQKW4E3K/] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.2|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/46|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W46"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:38, 10 November 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29606150 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-47</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W47"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/47|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] is experimenting with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4_Reading lists|reading lists on mobile web]], allowing logged-in readers with no edits to save private lists of articles for later. The experiment is running on Arabic, Chinese, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese Wikipedias since the week of 10 November, and will begin on English Wikipedia the week of 17 November. * Users who can’t receive their email verification code during login can now get help by submitting a form on a new special page. This update is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]]&nbsp;initiative. If your account has an email address, please make sure you still have access to it. When logging in from a new device or location without 2FA, you may be asked to enter a 6-digit code sent by email to finish logging in.&nbsp;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security#Why are you requiring me to enter a code from my email to log in? Can I opt out of this?|Learn more]]. * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource}} in [[d:Q13324|Minangkabau]] ([[s:min:|<code>s:min:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408317] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parser Unification]] project, the Content Transform Team rolled out Parsoid as the default parser to many low-traffic Wikipedias and is preparing the next step to high traffic ones. This message is an invitation for you to opt-in to Parsoid, as described in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration|Extension:ParserMigration]] documentation, and identify any issues you might encounter with your own workflow using bots, gadgets, or user scripts. Please, let us know through the ''"Report Visual Bug"'' link in the Tools sidebar or create a phab ticket and tag the [[phab:project/view/5846|Content Transform Team in Phabricator]]. * Unsupported Tools: Several issues with [[:c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons|Video2Commons]] have been fixed, including filename-related upload failures, black-video imports, and retry handling. AV1 support has also been added. Ongoing work focuses on backend stability, ffmpeg errors, subtitle imports, metadata handling, and playlist uploads. To track specific tasks, check the [[phab:tag/video2commons/|Phabricator board]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.3|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * Save the date for the next Wikimedia Hackathon happening in Milan, Italy from May 1–3, 2026. Registration will open in January 2026. [https://pretix.eu/wikimedia/Hackathon-2026/ Scholarship applications are currently open], and will close on November 28, 2025. If you have any questions, please email <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">hackathon@wikimedia.org</bdi>. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/47|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W47"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:27, 17 November 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29627455 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-48</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W48"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/48|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Last week, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Search Platform|Wikimedia Search Team]] recreated the "DWIM" (Do What I Mean) gadget functionality server-side, for Russian and Hebrew Wikipedias. This feature adds cross-keyboard suggestions to the standard search-box suggestions. For example, searching for ''<span lang="und" dir="ltr">cxfcnmt</span>'' on Russian Wikipedia will now add suggestions for ''<span lang="ru" dir="ltr">счастье</span>'' ("happiness") that the user probably intended. They plan to enable this feature for other Russian and Hebrew wikis this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408734] * Later this week, users of the "{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] will have syntax highlighting available in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]]. This requires that the "{{int:discussiontools-preference-sourcemodetoolbar}}" preference be set. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T407918] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|Campaign events extension]] – the set of tools for coordinating events and other on-wiki collaborations has now been deployed to all Wikimedia wikis. A new feature known as [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaborative contributions|Collaborative contribution]] to help organizers and participants see the impact of activities has also been added. Join the upcoming [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Connection learning session 3|learning session]] to see the new feature in action and share your feedback. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:24}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:24|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the bug which stopped CodeReviewBot from working, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T410417] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Users of Wikimedia API can join a usability study to help validate the new design of Wikimedia REST API sandboxes. Interested participants should fill the [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/487662 recruitment survey]. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/IREJRRWTZTGCYWQHDMSNJFTQAEPOOAE3/] * The MediaWiki Interfaces team is deprecating XSLT stylesheets within the Action API. Support for <code dir=ltr>format=xml'''&xlst={stylesheet}'''</code> will be removed from Wikimedia projects by the end of November, 2025. In addition, it will soon be disabled by default in MediaWiki release versions: v1.43 (LTS), v1.44, and v1.45. Support for XSLT stylesheets will be fully removed from MediaWiki v1.46 (expected to release between April and May 2026). [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/5AX7UWAVVUNUSBOIRHMNOKWOZ5EZI3JX/] * The WDQS legacy endpoint ([https://query-legacy-full.wikidata.org/ query-legacy-full.wikidata.org]) will be decommissioned at the end of December 2025, and finally closed down on 7th January 2026. After this date, users should expect requests to query.wikidata.org that require the full graph to fail or return invalid results if they are not rewritten to use SPARQL federation. The team encourages users to ensure that tools and workflows use the supported WDQS endpoints (<span dir=ltr><nowiki>https://query.wikidata.org/</nowiki></span> - Main graph or <span dir=ltr><nowiki>https://query-scholarly.wikidata.org/</nowiki></span> - Scholarly graph). For support with migrating use cases, please review the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Data_access|Data Access]] and [[d:Wikidata:Request_a_query|Request a Query]] pages for details and assistance on alternative access methods. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.4|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/48|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W48"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 15:57, 24 November 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29702226 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-49</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W49"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/49|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The Wikipedia Year in Review 2025 will be available on December 2 for users of iOS and Android Wikipedia apps, featuring new personalized insights, updated reading highlights, and refreshed designs. Learn more on the review's [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Wikipedia Year in Review/Updates|project page]]. * The Growth team is working on improving the text and presentation of the Verification Email sent to new users to make them more welcoming, useful and informative. Some new text have been drafted for A/B testing and you can help by translating them. See [[phab:T396155|Phabricator]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]] will now be deployed at Japanese, Urdu and Chinese Wikipedias on December 2. Add a link is based on a prediction model that suggests links to be added to articles. While this feature has already been available on most Wikipedias, the prediction model could not support certain languages. A new model has now been developed to handle these languages, and it will be gradually rolled out to other Wikipedias over time. If you would like to know more, please contact [[mw:user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:34}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:34|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where search boxes on some Commons pages showed no results due to switch from SpecialSearch to MediaSearch, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399476] * Two new wikis have been created: ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q36846|Toki Pona]] ([[w:tok:|<code>w:tok:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404457] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikiquote}} in [[d:Q33655|Nigerian Pidgin]] ([[q:pcm:|<code>q:pcm:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408318] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.5|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The Wikimedia Foundation is in the early stages of exploring approaches to '''Article guidance'''. The initiative aims to identify interventions that could help new editors easily understand and apply existing Wikipedia practices and policies when creating an article. The project is in the exploration and early experimental design phase. All community members are encouraged to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|learn more]] about the project, and share their thoughts on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Article guidance|the talk page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/49|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W49"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:58, 1 December 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29732328 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-50</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W50"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/50|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Anybody who wishes to secure their user account can now use [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|two-factor authentication]] (2FA). This is available to all registered users of all Wikimedia projects. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] initiative. Later, 2FA will be required for all users who can take security- or privacy-sensitive actions. '''Updates for editors''' * Following last week's deployments, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]] feature, which allows editors to add suggested links during editing, will be available to an additional [[Phab:T410469|33 Wikipedias]] starting on 9 December. This expansion is possible thanks to the new prediction model that now supports all languages, including those that were previously not covered. While the feature has been available on most Wikipedias for some time, this rollout brings us closer to using the improved model everywhere. If you have any questions or would like more details please contact [[mw:user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]. * Last week, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Search Platform|Search Platform team]] added [[w:en:Transliteration|transliterated]] as-you-type search suggestions to Georgian wikis. If there are only a few regular search suggestions, then queries in Latin or Cyrillic script [[phab:T127003|are now rewritten into Georgian script]] to look for more matches. For example, searching for either <bdi lang="ka-Latn" dir="ltr">''bedniereba''</bdi> or <bdi lang="ka-Cyrl" dir="ltr">''бедниереба''</bdi> will now suggest the existing article about <bdi lang="ka" dir="ltr">ბედნიერება</bdi> ("happiness"). You can recommend other languages where transliterated suggestions would be useful [[phab:T375215|on Phabricator]] for future development. * Later this week, a controlled experiment will begin for editors on the 100 largest Wikipedias who are editing a section in the mobile web visual editor. 50% of these editors will notice a new "Edit full page" button that will enable them to expand their editing session to the whole page. This feature is intended to make it easier for people on mobile web to edit any article section, regardless of which section-edit icon they tapped to begin. The experiment will last ~4 weeks. You can find [[phab:T409112|more details]] about the project. * Later this week, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth|Reader Growth team]] will launch a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/WE3.1.14 Expanded Mobile Sections|mobile web experiment]] to expand all article sections by default (currently they are collapsed by default) and pin the section header the user is currently reading to the top of the page. The experiment will affect 10% of users on Arabic, Chinese, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409485] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Wikipedia Year in Review/2025 Year in Review|Wikipedia Year in Review 2025]], a feature in the Wikipedia mobile apps (iOS and Android) that provides users with a personalised summary of their engagement with Wikipedia over the year, is now available on the iOS and Android apps. This edition includes expanded personalised insights, improved reading highlights, new donor messaging, and updated designs. Open the app to view your Year in Review and explore your reading journey from 2025. * A recent software bug caused edits made with VisualEditor to make unintended changes to wikitext, including removing whitespace and replacing spaces with underscores in wikilinks inside citations. This was partially fixed last week, and further fixes are in progress. Editors who used VisualEditor between November 28 and December 2 should review their edits for unexpected modifications. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411238] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the incorrect handling of URLs copied from the address bar of Microsoft Edge users, has been resolved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341281] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting this week, users of the "{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] will have [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] as the editor for Lua, JavaScript, CSS, JSON and Vue content models, instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]]. With this, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Linting|linters]] will be upgraded. This is part of a larger effort to eventually replace CodeEditor and provide a consistent code editing experience. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373711] * Developers are encouraged to take the [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/552643 2025 Developer Satisfaction Survey], which remains open until 5 January 2026. If you build software for the Wikimedia ecosystem and would like to share your experiences or feedback, your participation is greatly appreciated. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/W4WBKO6Q55UWWCCSFWQATKEXBEHP3QNR/] * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/50|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W50"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:46, 8 December 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29738112 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-51</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W51"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/51|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:18}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:18|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, one of the fixes addressed an issue for temporary accounts adding an external URL, which triggered an hCaptcha request in more cases than intended, and did not display the required popup on the first attempt to publish the edit. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411927] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * To improve database and site performance, external links to Wikimedia projects will no longer be stored in the database. This means they will not be searchable in [[{{#special:LinkSearch}}]], will not be checked by the Spam Blacklist or AbuseFilter as new links, and will not be in the <code dir=ltr>externallinks</code> table on database replicas. In the future this may be extended to other highly-linked trusted websites on a per-wiki basis, such as Creative Commons links on Wikimedia Commons. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T405005] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.7|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/51|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W51"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:03, 15 December 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29796010 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-52</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W52"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/52|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * From January, edit filters [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter/Access flags|can be set]] to automatically suppress their details such as rules and list of attempted edits and actions. This will help oversighters use edit filters to prevent doxxing or other suppressible material. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T290324] * The next issue of Tech News will be sent out on 12 January 2026 because of the end of year holidays. Thank you to all of the translators, and people who submitted content or feedback, this year. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:16}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:16|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the crash that occurred when tapping "First Steps" in the Wikipedia Android Year in Review has now been fixed, and the feature opens as expected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411546] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Interface elements such as diffs and categories generated by MediaWiki used to have the attribute <code dir=ltr>data-mw="interface"</code> to distinguish from wiki content. The attribute has been replaced with <code dir=ltr>data-mw-interface=""</code>, to avoid potential conflicts with other <code dir=ltr>data-mw</code> attributes, which are generated by Parsoid. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409187] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] There is no new MediaWiki version this week or next week. '''Meetings and events''' * The [[mw:Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026|Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026]] will take place on 13-14 March 2026 in Arnhem, the Netherlands. Applications just opened mid-December and will close in mid-January or earlier if capacity is reached. With space for approximately 100 participants, early application is encouraged. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/52|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W52"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:46, 22 December 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29831856 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-03</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W03"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/03|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Wikimedia Foundation has shared some guiding questions for the July 2026–June 2027 Annual Plan on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Product & Technology OKRs|Meta]] and ''[[diffblog:2025/12/10/shaping-wikimedia-foundations-2026-2027-annual-goals-key-questions-for-the-wikimedia-movement/|Diff]]''. These focus on global trends, faster and healthier experimentation, better support for newcomers, strengthening editors and advanced users, improving collaboration across projects, and growing and retaining readership. Feedback and ideas are welcome on the [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027|talk page]]. '''Updates for editors''' * As part of the current work of Community Tech team on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/W372|Multiple watchlists]] project, the display of [[Special:EditWatchlist|EditWatchlist]] will be updated as a first step towards multiple watchlists. Additionally, the pagination on [[Special:Search|Search]] will be updated too, as a part of the work on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/W186|Revamp pagination / page navigation]] wish. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411596] * [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|The Global Watchlist]] is a MediaWiki [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] that lets you see your watchlists from different wikis on the same page. It was recently updated to look more like the regular [[Special:Watchlist|Watchlist]], such as preparing it for temporary accounts in IP masking (including rerouting user links to contributions pages), making page titles bold, and opening links in edit summaries and tags in new browser tabs. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398361][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T298919][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T273526][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T286309] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:28}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:28|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where global blocks did not have the option to disable sending emails, has now been fixed, and will be available for use in the week of January 13. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401293] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Citation tool|VisualEditor citation tool]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference Previews|Reference Previews]] now support "map" as a reference type. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411083] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.10|MediaWiki]]/[[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.11|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/03|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W03"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:34, 12 January 2026 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29907192 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-04</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W04"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/04|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The tray shown on [[Special:Diff|Special:Diff]] in mobile view has been redesigned. It is now collapsed by default, and incorporates a link to undo the edit being viewed, making it easier for mobile editors and reviewers to take action while keeping the interface uncluttered. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402297] * [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|The Global Watchlist]] lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on one page. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] continues to improve — it now automatically determines the text direction (ensuring correct display of sites with unusual domain names) and shows detailed descriptions for log actions. Later this week, a new permanent link for page creations and CSS classes for each entry element will be added. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T412505][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T287929][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T262768][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414135] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the previously observed issue in Vector 2022, where anchor link targets were obscured by the sticky header, has now been addressed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406114] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As mentioned in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/44|October 2025 deprecation announcement]], MediaWiki Interfaces team will begin sunsetting all transform endpoints containing a trailing slash from the MediaWiki REST API the week of January 26. Changes are expected to roll out to all wikis on or before January 30th. All API users currently calling them are encouraged to transition to the non-trailing slash versions. Both endpoint variations can be found, compared, and tested using the [https://test.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RestSandbox REST Sandbox]. If you have questions or encounter any problems, please file a ticket in Phabricator to the [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/view/6931/ #MW-Interfaces-Team board]. * Interactive reference documentation for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia REST API|Wikimedia REST API]] has moved. Requests to API docs previously hosted through [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/RESTBase|RESTBase]] (e.g.: <code dir=ltr>https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/</code>) are now redirected to the [[w:en:Special:RestSandbox|REST Sandbox]]. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata Platform|WMF Wikidata Platform team]] (WDP) has published its [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Wikidata Platform team/Newsletter|January 2026 newsletter]]. It includes updates on the legacy full-graph endpoint decommissioning, the User-Agent policy change, the monthly Blazegraph migration office hours, and efforts to reduce regressions caused by the legacy endpoint shutdown. As a reminder, you can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/WDP team updates|subscribe to the WDP newsletter]]! * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.12|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * The [[mw:Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026|Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026]] will take place on 13-14 March 2026 in Arnhem, the Netherlands. Applications opened mid-December and will close soon or when capacity is reached. It's a two-day, technically oriented hackathon bringing together Wikimedians from the region. Hope to see you there! '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/04|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W04"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:30, 19 January 2026 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29943403 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-05</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W05"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/05|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Wikimedia Foundation invites comments on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Year1 Reflections and Proposed Way Forward 2026 Update|proposed future]] of the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] until 28 February. * All users with registered accounts can now use passkeys for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|two-factor authentication]] (2FA). Passkeys are a simple way to log in without using a second device. They verify the user's identity using a fingerprint, face scan, or a PIN code. To set up a passkey, first set up a regular 2FA method. Currently, to log in with a passkey, users must also use a password. Later this quarter, passwordless login will allow users to log in with a single click and a passkey. Users with advanced rights will also be required to have 2FA enabled. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] project. * Unregistered contributors on blocked IPs or blocked IP ranges can now interact on-wiki to appeal a block by creating a temporary account to appeal a block on the user talk page, unless the "prevent this user from editing their own talk page" is enabled. This solves the problem of logged-out users unable to use the default unblock process via user talk page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398673] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) methods description on the management page has been updated. It is now clearer and easier for users to understand and make use of. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332385] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * A new AbuseFilter variable, <code>account_type</code>, has been added to provide a reliable way to determine the account type being created in the <code>createaccount</code> and <code>autocreateaccount</code> actions. As part of this change, the variable <code>accountname</code> has been renamed to <code>account_name</code>, and <code>accountname</code> is now deprecated. Edit filter managers should update any filters that use hardcoded account type checks or the deprecated variable. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414049] * Image thumbnails that are requested in non-standard sizes, and using non-standard methods such as direct requests to <code dir=ltr><nowiki>upload.wikimedia.org/…</nowiki></code> will stop working in the near future. This change is to prevent ongoing external abuse by web-scrapers and bots. Some users with custom CSS/JS, Interface Admins who can fix gadgets and local skins, and Tool-authors, will need to update their code to use standard thumbnail sizes. [[phab:T414805|Details, search-links, and examples of how to fix them, are available in the task]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.13|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/05|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W05"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:18, 26 January 2026 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29969530 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-06</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W06"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/06|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The "{{int:pageinfo-toolboxlink}}" feature, which gives validating information about a page ([{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|action=info}} example]), now automatically includes a table of contents. If there is a local [[{{ns:8}}:Pageinfo-header]] page created by individual users, it can now be removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363726] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, VisualEditor previously added bold or italic formatting inside link descriptions, making the wikicode complex. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409669] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * There was no XML dump on 20 January. Additionally, from now on, dumps will be generated once per month only. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414389] * The MediaWiki Interfaces team removed support for all transform endpoints containing a trailing slash from the [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/API:REST%20API MediaWiki REST API]. All API users currently calling those endpoints are encouraged to transition to the non-trailing slash versions. If you have questions or encounter any problems, please file a ticket in phabricator to the [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/view/6931/ #MW-Interfaces-Team board]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.14|MediaWiki]] '''Weekly highlight''' * Users are reminded that the Wikimedia Foundation has shared some guiding questions for the July 2026–June 2027 Annual Plan on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Product & Technology OKRs|Meta]] and ''[[diffblog:2025/12/10/shaping-wikimedia-foundations-2026-2027-annual-goals-key-questions-for-the-wikimedia-movement/|Diff]]''. These focus on global trends, faster and healthier experimentation, better support for newcomers, strengthening editors and advanced users, improving collaboration across projects, and growing and retaining readership. Feedback and ideas are welcome on the [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027|talk page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/06|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W06"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:44, 2 February 2026 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30000986 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-07</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W07"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] Logged-in contributors who manage large or complex watchlists can now organise and filter watched pages in ways that improve their workflows with the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist labels|Watchlist labels]] feature. By adding custom labels (for example: pages you created, pages being monitored for vandalism, or discussion pages) users can more quickly identify what needs attention, reduce cognitive load, and respond more efficiently. This improves watchlist usability, especially for highly active editors. * A new feature available on [[Special:Contributions|Special:Contributions]] shows [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] that are likely operated by the same person, and so makes patrolling less time-consuming. Upon checking contributions of a temporary account, users with access to temporary account IP addresses can now see a view of contributions from the related temporary accounts. The feature looks up all the IPs associated with a given temporary account within the data retention period and shows all the contributions of all temporary accounts that have used these IPs. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts#February 2026: Improvements to the patroller tooling|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415674] * When editors preview a wikitext edit, the reminder box that they are only seeing a preview (which is shown at the top), now has a grey/neutral background instead of a yellow/warning background. This makes it easier to distinguish preview notes from actual warnings (for example, edit conflicts or problematic redirect targets), which will now be shown in separate warning or error boxes. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414742] * The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]] lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on one page. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] continues to improve — it now properly supports more than one Wikibase site, for example both [[d:|Wikidata]] and [[testwikidata:|testwikidata]]. In addition, issues regarding text direction have been fixed for users who prefer Wikidata or other Wikibase sites in right-to-left (RTL) languages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415440][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415458] * The automatic "magic links" for ISBN, RFC, and PMID numbers have been [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic links|deprecated in wikitext since 2021]] due to inflexibility and difficulties with localization. Several wikis have successfully replaced RFC and PMID magic links with equivalent external links, but a template was often required to replace the functionality of the ISBN magic link. There is now a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#isbn|built-in parser function]] <code dir=ltr><nowiki>{{#isbn}}</nowiki></code> available to replace the basic functionality of the ISBN magic link. This makes it easier for wikis who wish to migrate off of the deprecated magic link functionality to do so. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T145604] * Two new wikis have been created: ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q35401|Jju]] ([[w:kaj:|<code>w:kaj:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413283] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q1186896|Nawat]] ([[w:ppl:|<code>w:ppl:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413273] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * A new global user group has been created: [[{{int:grouppage-local-bot}}|{{int:group-local-bot}}]]. It will be used internally by the software to allow community bots to bypass rate limits that are applied to abusive [[w:en:Web scraping|web scrapers]]. Accounts that are approved as bots on at least one Wikimedia wiki will be automatically added to this group. It will not change what user permissions the bot has. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415588] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.15|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Spring 2026|MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference, Spring 2026]] will be held March 25–27 in Salt Lake City, USA. This event is organized by and for the third-party MediaWiki community. You can propose sessions and register to attend. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/AZBWVI46SDEB65PGR5J6E4TYOQQEZXM7/] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W07"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:31, 9 February 2026 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30026671 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-08</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W08"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/08|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Site Reliability Engineering|SRE Team]] will be performing a cleanup of Wikimedia's [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Etherpad|Etherpad]] instance, the web-based editor for real-time collaborative document editing. All pads will be permanently deleted after 30 April, 2026 – if there are still migration projects in progress at that point the team can revisit the date on a case by case basis. Please create local backups of any content you wish to keep, as deleted data cannot be recovered. This cleanup helps reduce database size and minimize infrastructure footprint. Etherpad will continue to support real-time collaboration, but long-term storage should not be expected. Additional cleanups may occur in the future without prior notice. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415237] '''Updates for editors''' * The Information Retrieval team will be launching an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Information Retrieval/Phase 1|Android mobile app experiment]] that tests hybrid search capabilities which can handle both semantic and keyword queries. The improvement of on-platform search will enable readers to find what they’re looking for directly on Wikipedia more easily. The experiment will first be launched on Greek Wikipedia in late February, followed by English, French, and Portuguese in March. [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/01/08/semantic-search-making-it-easier-to-find-the-information-readers-want/ Read more] on Diff blog. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Readers/Information_Retrieval] * The Reader Growth team will run [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/WE3.10.2 Mobile Table of Contents|an experiment]] for mobile web users, that adds a table of contents and automatically expands all article sections, to learn more about navigation issues they face. The test will be available on Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. * Previously, site notices ([[{{ns:8}}:Sitenotice]] and [[{{ns:8}}:Anonnotice]]) would only render on the desktop site. Now, they will render on all platforms. Users on mobile web will now see these notices and be informed. Site administrators should be prepared to test and fix notices on mobile devices to avoid interference with articles. To opt out, interface admins can add <code dir="ltr">#siteNotice { display: none; }</code> to [[{{ns:8}}:Minerva.css]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T138572][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416644] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:19}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:19|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue on [[Special:RecentChanges|Special:RecentChanges]] has been fixed. Previously, clicking hide in the active filters caused the "view new changes since…" button to disappear, though it should have remained visible. The button now behaves as expected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406339] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * New documentation is now available to help editors debug on-site search features. It supports troubleshooting when pages do not appear in results, when ranking seems unexpected, and when you need to inspect what content is being indexed, helping make search behavior easier to understand and analyze. [[mw:Help:CirrusSearch/Debug|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411169] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.16|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/08|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W08"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:17, 16 February 2026 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30086330 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-09</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W09"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/09|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Reference Check|Reference Check]] has been deployed to English Wikipedia, completing its rollout across all Wikipedias. The feature prompts newcomers to add a citation before publishing new content, helping reduce common citation-related reverts and improve verifiability. In A/B testing, the impact was substantial: newcomers shown Reference Check were approximately 2.2 times more likely to include a reference on desktop and about 17.5 times more likely on mobile web. [https://analytics.wikimedia.org/published/reports/editing/reference_check_ab_test_report_final_2025.html] '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:InterwikiSorting|InterwikiSorting extension]], which allowed for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Interwiki sorting order|sorting of interwiki links]], has been undeployed from Wikipedia. As a result, editors who had enabled interwiki link sorting in non-compact mode (full list format) will now see links reordered. The links moving forward will be listed in the alphabetical order of language code. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T253764] * Later this week, people who are editing a page-section using the mobile visual editor, will notice a new "Edit full page" button. When tapped, you will be able to edit the entire article. This helps when the change you want to make is outside the section you initially opened. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T387175][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409112] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|The Reader Experience team]] is inviting editors to assess whether dark mode should still be considered "beta" on their wiki, based on their experience of how well it functions on desktop and mobile. If the feature is deemed mature, editors can update the interface messages in <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:skin-theme-description</code> and <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Vector-night-mode-beta-tag</code> to indicate that dark mode is ready and no longer considered beta. * The improved [[mw:Wikimedia_Apps/Team/iOS/Activity_Tab|Activity tab]] which displays user-insights is now available to all users of the Wikipedia iOS app (version 7.9.0 and later). Following earlier A/B testing that showed higher account creation among users with access to the feature, it has been rolled out to 100% of users along with some updates. The Activity tab now shows your edited articles in the timeline, offers editing impact insights like contribution counts and article view trends, and customization options to improve in-app experience for users. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug that prevented [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] from working on mobile has now been fixed, restoring full functionality. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415303] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]] lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on one page. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] that makes this possible continues to improve. The latest upgrade is the inclusion of a [[mw:Extension:GlobalWatchlist#hook|new hook]], <code dir=ltr>ext.globalwatchlist.rebuild</code>, which fires after each watchlist rebuild. This allows you to run gadgets and user scripts for the Special page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T275159] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.17|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/09|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W09"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:04, 23 February 2026 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30119102 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-10</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W10"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/10|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Wikipedia 25 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments|Birthday mode]] is now live on Betawi, Breton, Chinese, Czech, Dutch, English, French, Gorontalo, Indonesian, Italian, Luxembourgish, Madurese, Sicilian, Spanish, Thai, and Vietnamese Wikipedias! This limited-time campaign feature celebrates 25 years of Wikipedia with a birthday mascot, Baby Globe. When turned on, Baby Globe is shown on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments/article configuration|~2,500 articles]], waiting to be discovered by readers. Communities can choose to turn Birthday mode on by getting consensus from their community and asking an admin to enable the feature and customize it via [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments#Community Configuration Demo|community configuration]] on the local wiki. '''Updates for editors''' * [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]], a new feature to re-use references with different details has been released to Swedish Wikipedia, Polish Wikipedia and [[:phab:T418209|a couple of other wikis]]. You can [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#test|try the feature]] on these projects or on testwiki and [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmcloud.org/wiki/Sub-referencing betawiki]. Learnings from the first pilot wiki German Wikipedia have been [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing/Learnings|published in a report]]. Reach out to the Wikimedia Deutschland team if you are [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Pilot wikis|interested in becoming a pilot wiki]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Paste check|Paste Check]] will become available at all Wikipedias this week. The feature prompts newcomers who are pasting text they are not likely to have written into VisualEditor to consider whether doing so risks a copyright violation. Paste Check [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Tags|tags]] all edits where it is shown for potential review. Local administrators can configure various aspects of the feature via [[{{#special:EditChecks}}]]. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Paste Check#A/B Experiment|Research]] across 22 wikis found that Paste Check resulted in an 18% decrease in relative reverted-edits compared to the control group. Translators can [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=ext-visualeditor-ve-mw-editcheck&filter=&optional=1&action=translate help to localize] this and related features. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] will be standardizing the user menu in the top right for all mobile users so that it is closer to the desktop experience. Currently this user menu is only visible to users with Advanced Mobile Controls (AMC) turned on. The only change is that a couple buttons previously in the left-side menu will move to the top right for users who do not have AMC turned on. This change is expected to go out March 9 and seeks to improve the user interface. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413912] * Starting in the week of March 2, the emails sent out when an email address was added, removed, or changed for an account will switch to a substantially nicer and clearer HTML email from the prior plaintext one. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T410807] * Notifications are currently limited to 2,000 historic entries per user, and extend back to 2013 when the feature was released. This is going to be changed to only store Notifications from the last 5 years, but up to 10,000 of them. This will help with long-term infrastructure health and help to prevent more recent notifications from disappearing too soon. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383948] * The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]] which lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on a single page continues to see improvements. The latest update improves label usage experience. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] now allows activating the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Language#Fallback languages|language fallback system]] for Wikidata items without labels in the viewed language, and showing those labels in the user’s preferred Wikidata language if no <code dir=ltr>uselang=</code> URL parameter is provided. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373686][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416111] * The Wikipedia Android team has started a beta test of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Information Retrieval/Phase 1|hybrid search]] on Greek Wikipedia. Hybrid search capabilities can handle both semantic and keyword queries enabling readers to find what they’re looking for directly on Wikipedia more easily. * For security reasons, members of certain user groups are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mandatory two-factor authentication for users with some extended rights|required to have two-factor authentication]] (2FA) enabled. Currently, 2FA is required to use the group, but not to be a member of it. Given that this model still has some vulnerabilities, the situation will [[phab:T418580|gradually change in March]]. Members of these groups will be unable to disable last 2FA method on their account, and it will be impossible to add users without 2FA to these groups. Users will still be able to add new authentication methods or remove them, as long as at least one method is continuously enabled. In the second half of March, users without 2FA will be removed from these groups. This applies to: CentralNotice administrators, checkusers, interface administrators, suppressors, Wikidata staff, Wikifunctions staff, WMF Office IT and WMF Trust & Safety. Nothing will change for other users. See the linked task for deployment schedule. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418580] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue preventing users from creating an instance in [https://www.wikibase.cloud/ Wikibase.cloud] has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416807] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * To help ensure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]], over the next month the Wikimedia Foundation will implement global API rate limits across our APIs. In early March, stricter limits will be applied to unidentified requests from outside Toolforge/WMCS and API requests that are made from web browsers. In April, higher limits will be applied to identified traffic. These limits are intentionally set as high as possible to minimise impact on the community. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]]. * The Wikidata Query Service Linked Data Fragment (LDF) endpoint will be decommissioned in February. This endpoint served limited traffic, which was successfully migrated to other data access methods that were better suited to support existing use cases. The hardware used to support the LDF endpoint will be reallocated to support the ongoing backend migration efforts. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415696] * The new Parsoid parser [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Updates|continues to be deployed to additional wikis]], improving platform sustainability and making it easier to introduce new reading and editing features. Parsoid is now the default parser on 488 WMF wikis (268 Wikipedias), now covering more than 10% of all Wikipedia page views. * The process and criteria for [[Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise#Access|requesting exceptional access]] to the high volume feed of the ''Wikimedia Enterprise'' APIs (at no cost for mission-aligned usecases), [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Enterprise#Exceptional access criteria|have now been published]]. This is to provide more thorough and clearer documentation for users. * [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/ Tech Blog], the blog dedicated to the Wikimedia technical community [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2026/02/24/a-tech-blog-diff/ will be migrating] to [[diffblog:|Diff]], the community news and event blog. The migration should be complete in April 2026, after which new posts will be accepted for publishing. Readers will be able to access posts – old and new – on the landing page at https://diff.wikimedia.org/techblog. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.18|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/10|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W10"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:52, 2 March 2026 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30137798 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-11</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W11"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/11|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on Wednesday, 25 March 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1774450800 15:00 UTC]. This is for the datacenter server switchover backup tests, [[wikitech:Deployments/Yearly calendar|which happen twice a year]]. During the switchover, all Wikimedia website traffic is shifted from one primary data center to the backup data center to test availability and prevent service disruption even in emergencies. * Last week, all wikis had 2 hours of read-only time, and extended unavailability for user-scripts and gadgets. This was due to a security incident which has since been resolved. Work is ongoing to prevent re-occurrences. For current information please see the [[m:Steward's noticeboard#Statement on Meta about today's user script security incident|post on the Stewards' noticeboard]] ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Product and Technology/Product Safety and Integrity/March 2026 User Script Incident|translations]]). '''Updates for editors''' * Users facing multiple blocks on mobile will now see the reasons for each block separately, instead of a generic message. This helps them understand why they are blocked and what steps they can take to resolve the issue. For example, users affected for using common VPNs (such as [[Special:MyLanguage/Apple iCloud Private Relay|iCloud Private Relay]]) will receive clearer guidance on what they need to do to start editing again. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T357118] * Later this week, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Suggestion Mode]] will become available as a beta feature within the visual editor at all Wikipedias. This feature proactively suggests various types of actions that people can consider taking to improve Wikipedia articles, and learn about related guidelines. The feature is locally configurable, and can also be locally expanded with custom Suggestions. Current settings can be seen at [[Special:EditChecks]] and there are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Suggestion mode#For administrators %E2%80%93 local customization|instructions for how administrators can customize]] the links to point to local guidelines. The feature is connected to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check|Edit check]] which suggests improvements while someone is writing new content. In the future, the Editing team plans to evaluate the feature's impact with newcomers through a controlled experiment. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404600] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where the cursor became misaligned during the use of CodeMirror’s syntax highlighting, which makes wikitext and code easier to read, has now been fixed. This problem specifically affected users who defined a font rule in a custom stylesheet while creating a new topic with DiscussionTools. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418793] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * API rate limiting update: To help ensure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]], global API rate limits will be applied this week to requests without a compliant User-Agent that originate from outside Toolforge/WMCS and to unauthenticated requests made from web browsers. Higher limits will be applied to identified traffic in April. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]]. * The new GraphQL API has been released. The API was developed as a flexible alternative to select features of the Wikidata Query Service (WDQS), to improve developer experience and foster adaptability, and efficient data access. Try it out and [[d:Wikidata:Wikibase GraphQL#Feedback and development|give feedback]]. You can also [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/GraphQLAPI/apply sign up for usability tests]. * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group|PTAC Unsupported Tools Working Group]] continued improvements to [[commons:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons#|Video2Commons]] in February, with fixes addressing authentication errors, large-file handling, task queue visibility, and clearer upload behavior. Work is still ongoing in some areas, including changes related to deprecated server-side uploads. Read [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group#February 2026|this update]] to learn more. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.19|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The Article Guidance team invites experienced Wikipedia editors from selected [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Pilot wikis and collaborators#Collaborators|pilot wikis]] and interested contributors from other Wikipedias to fill out this questionnaire which is available in [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfmLeVWnxmsCbPoI_UF2jyRcn73WRGWCVPHzerXb4Cz97X_Ag/viewform English], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSd6rzr4XXQw8r4024fE3geTPFe13M_6w7Mitj-YJi0sOlWTAw/viewform?usp=header Arabic], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdok3-RfB18lcugYTUMGkpwmqG_8p760Wv4dCXitOXOszjUDw/viewform?usp=header Bengali], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfjTfYp4jEo0akA4B1e-Nfg3QZPCudUjhJzHzzDi6AHyAaMGA/viewform?usp=header Japanese], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScteVoI29Aue4xc72dekk-6RYtvmMgQxzMI900UOawrFrSTWg/viewform?usp=header Portuguese], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSetdxnYwL3ub2vqA7awCg5hJZPMIYcDPaiTe12rY9h0GYnVlw/viewform?usp=header Persian], and [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScNvfJF-Ot-4pzA4qAN771_0QDJ4Li19YcUsaTgSKW8Nc7U_Q/viewform?usp=header Turkish]. Your answers will help the team customize guidance for less experienced editors and help them learn community policies and practices while creating an article. Learn more [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|on the project page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/11|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W11"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:53, 9 March 2026 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30213008 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-12</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W12"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/12|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] beta feature, also known as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror 6]], has been used for wikitext syntax highlighting since November 2024. It will be promoted out of beta by May 2026 in order to bring improvements and new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Features|features]] to all editors who use the standard syntax highlighter. If you have any questions or concerns about promoting the feature out of beta, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help talk:Extension:CodeMirror|please share]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259059] * Some changes to local user groups are performed by stewards on Meta-Wiki and logged there only. Now, interwiki rights changes will be logged both on Meta-Wiki and the wiki of the target user to make it easier to access a full record of user's rights changes on a local wiki. Past log entries for such changes will be backfilled in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T6055] * On wikis using [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Flagged Revisions|Flagged Revisions]], the number of pending changes shown on [[{{#Special:PendingChanges}}]] previously counted pages which were no longer pending review, because they have been removed from the system without being reviewed, e.g. due to being deleted, moved to a different namespace, or due to wiki configuration changes. The count will be correct now. On some wikis the number shown will be much smaller than before. There should be no change to the list of pages itself. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413016] * Wikifunctions composition language has been rewritten, resulting in a new version of the language. This change aims to increase service stability by reducing the orchestrator's memory consumption. This rewrite also enables substantial latency reduction, code simplification, and better abstractions, which will open the door to later feature additions. Read more about [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-03-11|the changes]]. * Users can now sort search results alphabetically by page title. The update gives an additional option to finding pages more easily and quickly. Previously, results could be sorted by Edit date, Creation date, or Relevance. To use the new option, open 'Advanced Search' on the search results page and select 'Alphabetically' under 'Sorting Order'. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403775] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:28}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:28|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the bug that prevented UploadWizard on Wikimedia Commons from importing files from Flickr has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419263] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * A new special page, [[{{#special:LintTemplateErrors}}]], has been created to list transcluded pages that are flagged as containing lint errors to help users discover them easily. The list is sorted by the number of transclusions with errors. For example: [[{{#special:LintTemplateErrors}}/night-mode-unaware-background-color]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T170874] * Users of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] beta feature have been using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] for syntax highlighting when editing JavaScript, CSS, JSON, Vue and Lua content pages, for some time now. Along with promoting CodeMirror 6 out of beta, the plan is to replace CodeEditor as the standard editor for these content models by May 2026. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help talk:Extension:CodeMirror|Feedback or concerns are welcome]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] JavaScript modules will soon be upgraded to CodeMirror 6. Leading up to the upgrade, loading the <code dir=ltr>ext.CodeMirror</code> or <code dir=ltr>ext.CodeMirror.lib</code> modules from gadgets and user scripts was deprecated in July 2025. The use of the <code dir=ltr>ext.CodeMirror.switch</code> hook was also deprecated in March 2025. Contributors can now make their scripts or gadgets compatible with CodeMirror 6. See the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror#Gadgets and user scripts|migration guide]] for more information. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373720] * The MediaWiki Interfaces team is expanding coverage of REST API module definitions to include [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:REST API/Extensions|extension APIs]]. REST API modules are groups of related endpoints that can be independently managed and versioned. Modules now exist for [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414470 GrowthExperiments] and [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419053 Wikifunctions] APIs. As we migrate extension APIs to this structure, documentation will move out of the main MediaWiki OpenAPI spec and REST Sandbox view, and will instead be accessible via module-specific options in the dropdown on the [https://test.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RestSandbox REST Sandbox] (i.e., [[{{#Special:RestSandbox}}]], available on all wiki projects). * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto|Scribunto]] extension provides different pieces of information about the wiki where the module is being used via the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual|mw.site]] library. Starting last week, the library also provides a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#mw.site.wikiId|way]] of accessing the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Wiki ID|wiki ID]] that can be used to facilitate cross-wiki module maintenance. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T146616] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.20|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|2026 Coolest Tool Award]] celebrating outstanding community tools, is now open for nominations! Nominate your favorite tool using the [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/435684?lang=en nomination survey] form by 23 March 2026. For more information on privacy and data handling, please see the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Legal:Coolest_Tool_Award_2026_Survey_Privacy_Statement|survey privacy statement]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/12|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W12"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:36, 16 March 2026 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30260505 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-13</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W13"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/13|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Wikimedia site users can now log in without a password using passkeys. This is a secure method supported by fingerprint, facial recognition, or PIN. With this change, all users who opt for passwordless login will find it easier, faster, and more secure to log in to their accounts using any device. The new passkey login option currently appears as an autofill suggestion in the username field. An additional [[phab:T417120|"Log in with passkey" button]] will soon be available for users who have already registered a passkey. This update will improve security and user experience. The [[c:File:Passwordless_login_screencast.webm|screen recording]] demonstrates the passwordless login process step by step. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on Wednesday, 25 March 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1774450800 15:00 UTC]. This is for the datacenter server switchover backup tests, [[wikitech:Deployments/Yearly calendar|which happen twice a year]]. During the switchover, all Wikimedia website traffic is shifted from one primary data center to the backup data center to test availability and prevent service disruption even in emergencies. '''Updates for editors''' * Wikimedia site users can now export their notifications older than 5 years using a [[toolforge:echo-chamber|new Toolforge tool]]. This will ensure that users retain their important notifications and avoid them being lost based on the planned change to delete notifications older than 5 years, as previously announced. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383948] * Wikipedia editors in Indonesian, Thai, Turkish, and Simple English now have access to Special:PersonalDashboard. This is an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Dashboard|early version of an experience]] that introduces newer editors to patrolling workflows, making it easier for them to move from making edits to participating in more advanced moderation work on their project. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402647] * The [[Special:Block]] now has two minor interface changes. Administrators can now easily perform indefinite blocks through a dedicated radio button in the expiry section. Also, choosing an indefinite expiry provides a different set of common reasons to select from, which can be changed at: [[MediaWiki:Ipbreason-indef-dropdown]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401823] * Mobile editors [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#Logged-out|at several wikis]] can now see an improved logged-out edit warning, thanks to the recent updates from the Growth team. These changes released last week are part of ongoing efforts and tests to enhance [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments|account creation experience on mobile]] and then increase participation. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408484] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:36}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:36|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the bug that prevented mobile web users from seeing the block information when affected by multiple blocks has been fixed. They can now see messages of all the blocks currently affecting them when they access Wikipedia. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Images built using Toolforge will soon get the upgraded buildpacks version, bringing support for newer language versions and other upstream improvements and fixes. If you use Toolforge Build Service, review the recent [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/cloud-announce@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/EMYTA32EV2V5SQ2JIEOD2CL66YFIZEKV/ cloud-announce email] and update your build configuration as necessary to ensure your tools are compatible. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Help:Toolforge/Building_container_images&oldid=2392097#Buildpack_environment_upgrade_process][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380127] * The [https://api.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page API Portal] documentation wiki will shut down in June 2026. API keys created on the API Portal will continue to work normally. api.wikimedia.org endpoints will be deprecated gradually starting in July 2026. Documentation on the API Portal is moving to [[mw:Wikimedia APIs|mediawiki.org]]. Learn more on the [[wikitech:API Portal/Deprecation|project page]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.21|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]] is considering improvements to [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names|automatically generated reference names in VisualEditor]]. Please check out the [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Proposed solutions|proposed solutions]] and participate in the [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Request for comment|request for comment]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/13|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W13"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:51, 23 March 2026 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30268305 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-14</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W14"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/14|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Beta version of [[abstract:|Abstract Wikipedia]] a new Wikimedia project which is language-independent, was launched last week. The project allows communities to build Wikipedia articles in their native language, which can be readily accessed by other users in their own languages. The wiki is powered by instructions from Wikifunctions and also based on structured content from Wikidata. [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-03-26|Read more]]. '''Updates for editors''' * The Growth team is running an A/B test to evaluate a clearer, more user-friendly message that promotes account creation on wikis. Currently when logged-out mobile users begin editing, they see a jarring warning message that can feel abrupt and discouraging. This also presents temporary account editing as the default rather than encouraging account creation. The test is running on ten Wikipedias, including Arabic, French, Spanish and German. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#2. Improve logged-out warning message (T415160)|Read more]]. * The Wikimedia Apps team is inviting feedback on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Future of Editing on the Mobile Apps|how editing should work on the Wikipedia mobile apps]]. The discussion focuses on improving how users access editing tools when they tap "Edit". This is part of a broader effort to convert readers who develop an interest in editing, to access a more user-friendly pathway to start contributing. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:45}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:45|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where citation fetching from the large newspaper archive [https://www.newspapers.com Newspapers.com] was no longer working, due to a block in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid|Citoid]] requests, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419903] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.22|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/14|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W14"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:26, 30 March 2026 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30329462 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-15</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W15"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/15|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] now includes a new group goal-setting feature, enabling organizers to set and track event goals such as the number of articles created and participating contributors in real time. Similarly, participants can work toward shared targets and see their collective impact as the event unfolds. The feature is now available on all Wikimedia wikis. Learn more in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Collaborative contributions#Goal setting|the documentation]]. * [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] The new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist labels|watchlist labels]] feature (announced in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Tech News 2026-07]]) is now available via VisualEditor, the source editor, and the 'watchstar' (or watch link, for skins that don't have a star icon). Previously it was only possible to assign labels via [[Special:EditWatchlist|EditWatchlist]]. In all three places it is a new field following the expiry field. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where talk pages on mobile with Parsoid are unusable after empty section headers, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419171] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|sub-referencing feature]], which lets editors add details to an existing reference without duplicating it, will be gradually rolled out to [[phab:T414094|more wikis]] later this year. Wikis using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reference Tooltips|Reference Tooltips]] gadget are encouraged to update their version (typically at [[m:MediaWiki:Gadget-ReferenceTooltips.js|MediaWiki:Gadget-ReferenceTooltips.js]] as shown [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?diff=1344408362 here]) to ensure compatibility. Other reference-related gadgets may also be affected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416304] * All Wikinews editions will be closed and switched to read-only mode on 4 May 2026. Content will remain accessible, but no new edits or articles can be added. This closure was approved by the Board of Trustees of the Wikimedia Foundation following extended discussions. [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard#Board of Trustees Approves Closure of Wikinews|Read more]]. * The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Action API|Action API]] has had several formats for requested output. One of them, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>format=php</nowiki></code></bdi>, is being removed soon. Please ensure your scripts or bots use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Data formats#Output|JSON format]]. This removal should affect very few scripts and bots. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T118538] * The [[Special:NamespaceInfo|Special:NamespaceInfo]] page now includes namespace aliases. For example "WP" for the "Project" ("Wikipedia") namespace on the German Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381455] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.23|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/15|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W15"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:19, 6 April 2026 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30362761 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-15</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W15"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/15|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] now includes a new group goal-setting feature, enabling organizers to set and track event goals such as the number of articles created and participating contributors in real time. Similarly, participants can work toward shared targets and see their collective impact as the event unfolds. The feature is now available on all Wikimedia wikis. Learn more in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Collaborative contributions#Goal setting|the documentation]]. * [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] The new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist labels|watchlist labels]] feature (announced in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Tech News 2026-07]]) is now available via VisualEditor, the source editor, and the 'watchstar' (or watch link, for skins that don't have a star icon). Previously it was only possible to assign labels via [[Special:EditWatchlist|EditWatchlist]]. In all three places it is a new field following the expiry field. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where talk pages on mobile with Parsoid are unusable after empty section headers, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419171] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|sub-referencing feature]], which lets editors add details to an existing reference without duplicating it, will be gradually rolled out to [[phab:T414094|more wikis]] later this year. Wikis using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reference Tooltips|Reference Tooltips]] gadget are encouraged to update their version (typically at [[w:en:MediaWiki:Gadget-ReferenceTooltips.js|MediaWiki:Gadget-ReferenceTooltips.js]] as shown [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?diff=1344408362 here]) to ensure compatibility. Other reference-related gadgets may also be affected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416304] * All Wikinews editions will be closed and switched to read-only mode on 4 May 2026. Content will remain accessible, but no new edits or articles can be added. This closure was approved by the Board of Trustees of the Wikimedia Foundation following extended discussions. [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard#Board of Trustees Approves Closure of Wikinews|Read more]]. * The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Action API|Action API]] has had several formats for requested output. One of them, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>format=php</nowiki></code></bdi>, is being removed soon. Please ensure your scripts or bots use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Data formats#Output|JSON format]]. This removal should affect very few scripts and bots. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T118538] * The [[Special:NamespaceInfo|Special:NamespaceInfo]] page now includes namespace aliases. For example "WP" for the "Project" ("Wikipedia") namespace on the German Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381455] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.23|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/15|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W15"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 04:41, 7 April 2026 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30362761 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-16</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W16"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/16|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Experienced editors are invited to [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Main_Page test] the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Article guidance]] feature, designed to help less-experienced editors create well-structured, policy-compliant Wikipedia articles. Testing instructions are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Test feature guide|available]]. Also, after reviewing [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Category:Pages_using_article_guidance the outlines], please provide feedback on the [[mw:Talk:Article guidance|project talk page]]. Based on your input, the feature will be refined and transferred to the pilot Wikipedias to translate and adapt. Check out [[c:File:Article Guidance workflow demo - April 2026.webm|the video]] explaining the feature. '''Updates for editors''' * On most wikis, all autoconfirmed users can now use [[Special:ChangeContentModel|Special:ChangeContentModel]] page to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:ChangeContentModel|create new pages with custom content models]], such as mass message lists, making custom page formats more accessible. Check [[Special:ListGroupRights|Special:ListGroupRights]] for the status of your wiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T248294] * The Growth team has launched an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account_Creation_Experiments|account creation experiment]] to evaluate whether adding an account creation button to the mobile web header increases new account registrations and encourages more mobile users to contribute to the wikis. The experiment is currently live on Hindi, Indonesian, Bengali, Thai, and Hebrew Wikipedia, and targets 10% of logged-out mobile web users. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where VisualEditor could get stuck loading on Windows devices with animations turned off, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382856] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting later this week, {{int:group-abusefilter}} who have the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] beta feature enabled will have [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] as the editor at [[Special:AbuseFilter|Special:AbuseFilter]]. This is part of the broader effort to make the user experience more consistent across all editors. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399673][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332] * Tools and bots that access the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Notifications/API|Notifications API]] (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=query&meta=notifications</nowiki></code></bdi>) will need to update their OAuth or BotPassword grants to also include access to private notifications. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T421991] * Due to a library upgrade, listings on category pages may be displayed out of order starting on Monday, 20th April. A migration script will be run to correct this, and will take hours to days depending on the size of the wiki (up to a week for English Wikipedia). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T422544] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.24|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/16|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W16"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 15:19, 13 April 2026 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30380527 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-17</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W17"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/17|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * After two years of development, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]], also known as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror 6]], is to be promoted out of beta on Tuesday, April 21. It brings better code and wikitext readability, reduction in typing errors, and other [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|benefits]] to all users of the standard syntax highlighter. A huge thank you to volunteer [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/p/Bhsd/ Bhsd] who developed many of the new features, including [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Code folding|code folding]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Autocompletion|autocompletion]], and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Linting|linting]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259059] * A major update to the Wikipedia app for iOS is now rolling out, redesigning the interface to align with Apple's latest "Liquid Glass" visual design. [https://apps.apple.com/us/app/wikipedia/id324715238 Download the latest version] and explore the update. '''Updates for editors''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|Reading lists]] is a feature which allows readers to save articles to a list for reading later. This feature is now in beta on Arabic, French, Indonesian, Vietnamese, and Chinese Wikipedias and by default for all new accounts on all Wikipedias. * An experiment which explores extending [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Mobile page previews|Page Previews to mobile web]] will be launched in the week of April 20 on Arabic, English, French, Italian, Polish, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. Page Previews are pop-ups that display a thumbnail, lead paragraph, and a link to open the full article of a blue link, thereby improving content discovery. The feature is already available on desktop and in the apps. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/List of experiments in Product and Technology#Template|Read more about this experiment and others]]. * On several wikis, logged-in editors who haven't [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Email confirmation|confirmed their email addresses]] can now see a banner encouraging them to do so. Having the email address confirmed allows a user to restore access to the account if they lose it. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security#Encouraging users to confirm their email addresses|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T421366] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:15}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:15|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where editing very large wiki pages in the 2017 wikitext editor caused slow loading, preview and scrolling lag, and performance issues when selecting, cutting, or pasting content, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T184857] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As part of the promotion of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] from a beta feature, all users will use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] for syntax highlighting when editing JavaScript, CSS, JSON, Vue and Lua content pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332] * The <code>mirrors.wikimedia.org</code> service for Debian and Ubuntu users will sunset and stop working on May 15. The resources for the service will be replaced with new and better options. Some users may need to switch to a different server which should take about a minute. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/LJYRIS4WB66HIRCAO4GIDTXCMDVZRBMA/ You can read more]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416707] * The <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>image</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>oldimage</nowiki></code></bdi> table will be removed from [[wikitech:Help:Wiki Replicas|wikireplicas]]. If your tools or queries access <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>image</nowiki></code></bdi> or <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>oldimage</nowiki></code></bdi> directly, please update them to use the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>file</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>filerevision</nowiki></code></bdi> table before 28 May. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T28741] * Following the recent implementation of global API rate limits on unidentified traffic, the Wikimedia Foundation will continue efforts to ensure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]] by applying global limits to identified API traffic beginning the last week of April. These limits are intentionally set as high as possible to minimise impact on the community. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits/FAQ|Frequently Asked Questions]]. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Attribution API|Attribution API]] is now available as a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Stability policy|beta]]. The API fetches information for crediting Wikimedia articles and media files wherever they are used. Reference documentation is available through the REST Sandbox special page available on all Wikimedia wikis (such as the [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?api=attribution.v0-beta&title=Special%3ARestSandbox REST sandbox on English Wikipedia]). Share your feedback on the [[mw:Talk:Attribution API|project talk page]]. * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/17|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W17"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 15:01, 20 April 2026 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30432763 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-18</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W18"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/18|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * There is a change in how new users are autoconfirmed that will improve anti-vandalism protection. Currently, users who have had an account for a few days and made a few edits are automatically added to the [[{{int:grouppage-autoconfirmed/{{CONTENTLANGUAGE}}}}|{{int:group-autoconfirmed}}]] group. This configuration tends to be exploited by some vandals, who create accounts and start to use them only after some time. To mitigate this, the configuration will be updated next week so that – for the purpose of becoming autoconfirmed – the account age will be counted from their first edit, instead of registration date. The numeric value of the age threshold will remain the same. This change will be deployed only to wikis which require at least one edit as part of the autoconfirmation conditions. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418484] * All Wikipedia users with new accounts and those who activated the "automatically enable most beta features" option in their preference can now use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|reading lists]] beta feature to save articles for later reading. This helps organize reading interests in one place for convenient access. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where infobox images have huge padding in Firefox, has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423676] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As a reminder, the global API rate limits will be applied this week to identified API traffic. This is to help ensure [[mw:MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]]. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, including the actual rate limits, see [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]] and [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits/FAQ|Frequently Asked Questions]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.26|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/18|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W18"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:06, 27 April 2026 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30458046 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-19</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W19"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/19|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Article guidance]] team invites experienced editors of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Pilot wikis and collaborators|pilot Wikipedias]]—Arabic, Bangla, Japanese, Portuguese, Persian, Turkish, Simple English, Spanish, and French—to help translate and adapt [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Category:Pages_using_article_guidance sample outlines]. These outlines will guide editors in creating clear, well-structured, and policy-compliant articles when using [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Special:NewArticle the feature] once it is launched in May 2026. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance#Adapting a sample outline in a Wikipedia|Simple instructions]] on how to translate and adapt the outlines are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] has published [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/May 2026 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|draft recommendations]] on a model that affiliates can follow when contributing to the technical space. Community members are invited to provide feedback on the recommendation until May 8th [[:m:Talk:Product and Technology Advisory Council/May 2026 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|on the talk page]]. * The number of available thumbnail size preferences in MediaWiki is being reduced to three standardized options—Small (180px), Regular (250px), and Large (400px), as part of ongoing efforts to improve performance and reduce strain on thumbnail services. As a result, existing preferences will be mapped to the nearest new size (for example, smaller selections like 120px or 150px will render at 180px, while larger ones like 300px or 360px will render at 400px). The preferences interface will soon be updated to reflect these changes, and users who wish to opt out or provide feedback can do so. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424909] * From now on, even when a permission expires automatically, users will receive an Echo notification similar to the standard notification for permission changes. There is a difference between this and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot|Global reminder bot]] in that the latter reminds users a week ''before'' the rights are due to expire, so that they can renew the rights. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the problem where the ULS language selector in [[m:Special:Translate|Special:Translate]] would scroll vertically when it shouldn't, has been resolved. Previously, when users opened the "Translate to English" dropdown and typed certain inputs, the dialog would scroll vertically by a few pixels even when there was enough space to display all results. The dropdown no longer shifts unnecessarily when filtering languages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358864] * The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]], which lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on a single page, continues to improve. For example, watchlists for Wikibase sites such as [[:d:|Wikidata]] now support [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:EntitySchema|EntitySchema]] elements for better tracking. The Live Updates mode now refreshes the special page every 60 seconds to comply with the updated [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|global API rate limits]] for improved real-time responsiveness. Additionally, a directionality bug that displayed links as "changes 3" instead of "3 changes" in mixed-direction lists has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415450][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424422][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418091] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The second phase of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|global API rate limits]] has been rolled out to reduce the [[diffblog:2026/03/26/quo-vadis-crawlers-progress-and-whats-next-on-safeguarding-our-infrastructure/|impact of AI crawlers]] and ensure fair, sustainable access to Wikimedia resources, prioritising human and mission-aligned traffic. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits#Limits|Limits]] have been shifted from per-hour to per-minute, producing smoother traffic patterns and more predictable API load. Community users are not expected to be affected, and no action is required. Early indications show some User-Agent-based requestors are adjusting behaviour, and around 64% of automated API traffic has been identified. Monitoring continues, and Wikimedia Enterprise remains available for commercial support. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.27|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/19|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W19"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:44, 4 May 2026 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30498077 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-20</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W20"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/20|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Community Tech has published [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/How to write a good wish|new guidance]] explaining how wishes on Community Wishlist are triaged and prioritized. The documentation is intended to help contributors write stronger proposals by clarifying the factors that influence prioritization decisions. Beyond vote counts, the guidance highlights considerations such as potential impact on the community when determining which wishes move forward. '''Updates for editors''' * The Reader Growth team is launching an experiment to test a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader_Growth/Share_Card|Share Card feature]] that allows readers to create visually engaging cards from Wikipedia articles or selected article sections and share them online, with each card linking back to the original article to help expand readership and article discovery. The mobile-only A/B test will be available to a portion of readers on Arabic, Chinese, French, Vietnamese, and English Wikipedia to better understand reading and sharing habits, and is scheduled to begin the week of May 18 and run for four weeks. * The Android and iOS Wikipedia apps recently released the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/25th_Birthday_Reading_Challenge|25-day reading challenge]] into Beta, as part of efforts to drive reader engagement by encouraging users to complete reading milestones. To track their reading streak during the challenge, App users can add a widget featuring Baby Globe to their home screen. The challenge officially begins May 11. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:17}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:17|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the global preference for enabling syntax highlighting in wikitext could unexpectedly disable itself after being turned on, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T425286] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The ResourceLoader module <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mediawiki.ui.input</nowiki></code></bdi>, deprecated since [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/39|September 2023]], will be removed this week. There is a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Migrating_from_MediaWiki_UI|guide for migrating from MediaWiki UI to Codex]] for any tools that use it. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T420125] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.2|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/20|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W20"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:21, 11 May 2026 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30524429 --> boj4wyqcz12nfgumf91yg6hks4yeg06 0 45352 605911 576373 2026-05-11T18:45:52Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 605911 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Global Multihazard Proportional Economic Loss Risk Deciles (5457317101).jpg|thumb|right|300x300px|ঘূৰ্ণীবতাহ, খৰাং, ভূমিকম্প, বানপানী, ভূমিস্খলন আৰু আগ্নেয়গিৰি উদ্গিৰণৰ দৰে প্ৰাকৃতিক দুৰ্যোগৰ ফলত বিশ্বব্যাপী বহু বিপদৰ আনুপাতিক অৰ্থনৈতিক ক্ষতি]] '''প্ৰাকৃতিক দুৰ্যোগ''' ({{lang-en|Natural Disaster}}) হৈছে পৃথিৱীৰ [[পৃথিৱীৰ বায়ুমণ্ডল|বায়ুমণ্ডল]], [[জলমণ্ডল]], জীৱমণ্ডল বা ভূমণ্ডলৰ ভয়াৱহ বতৰ বা প্ৰাকৃতিক প্ৰক্ৰিয়াৰ ফলত হোৱা এক বিপৰ্যয়জনক পৰিঘটনা। প্ৰাকৃতিক দুৰ্যোগৰ কিছুমান উদাহৰণ হ’ল: [[বানপানী]], ঘূৰ্ণীবতাহ, টৰ্ণেডো, [[ভূমিকম্প]], আগ্নেয়গিৰিৰ উদ্গিৰণ, [[ছুনামি]], [[বনজুই]], শিলাবৃষ্টি, খৰাং, বজ্ৰপাত, ক্ৰান্তীয় ঘূৰ্ণীবতাহ।<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Natural Hazards {{!}} National Risk Index |url=https://hazards.fema.gov/nri/natural-hazards |access-date=2022-06-08 |website=hazards.fema.gov}}</ref> প্ৰাকৃতিক দুৰ্যোগৰ ফলত মানুহৰ লগতে আন বেলেগ প্ৰাণীৰো জীৱন হেৰুৱাব পাৰে বা সম্পত্তিৰ ক্ষতি কৰিব পাৰে, আৰু সাধাৰণতে ইয়াৰ পিছত কিছু অৰ্থনৈতিক ক্ষতিৰ সৃষ্টি হয়। ক্ষতিৰ ভয়াৱহতা প্ৰভাৱিত জনসংখ্যাৰ স্থিতিস্থাপকতা আৰু উপলব্ধ আন্তঃগাঁথনিৰ ওপৰত নিৰ্ভৰ কৰে।<ref>{{cite book| author=G. Bankoff, G. Frerks, D. Hilhorst (''eds.'')| year=2003| title=Mapping Vulnerability: Disasters, Development and People| publisher=Routledge| isbn= 1-85383-964-7}}{{page needed|date=December 2020}}</ref> পণ্ডিতসকলে কৈ আহিছে যে প্ৰাকৃতিক দুৰ্যোগ শব্দটো অনুপযুক্ত আৰু ইয়াক পৰিত্যাগ কৰা উচিত। ইয়াৰ পৰিৱৰ্তে দুৰ্যোগৰ সহজ শব্দটো ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিব পৰা যাব, লগতে বিপদৰ শ্ৰেণী (বা প্ৰকাৰ)ও নিৰ্দিষ্ট কৰিব পৰা যাব।<ref name=":4" /><ref>Cannon, Terry. (1994). [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/248360551_Vulnerability_Analysis_and_The_Explanation_Of_'Natural'_Disasters Vulnerability Analysis and The Explanation Of 'Natural' Disasters]. Disasters, Development and Environment.</ref><ref name=":2" /> দুৰ্যোগ হ’ল কোনো দুৰ্বল সম্প্ৰদায়ক প্ৰভাৱিত কৰা প্ৰাকৃতিক বা মানৱসৃষ্ট বিপদ। দুৰ্বল সমাজ এখনৰ উন্মোচনৰ লগতে বিপদৰ সংমিশ্ৰণেই দুৰ্যোগৰ সৃষ্টি কৰে। আধুনিক যুগত প্ৰাকৃতিক, মানৱসৃষ্ট আৰু মানৱ ত্বৰান্বিত দুৰ্যোগৰ মাজৰ বিভাজন অংকন কৰাটো যথেষ্ট কঠিন।<ref name=":1">{{cite web | title=Why natural disasters aren't all that natural | website=openDemocracy | date=2020-11-26 | url=https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/why-natural-disasters-arent-all-that-natural/ | access-date=2020-12-29 | archive-date=2020-11-29 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129131113/https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/why-natural-disasters-arent-all-that-natural/ | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Gould |first1=Kevin A. |last2=Garcia |first2=M. Magdalena |last3=Remes |first3=Jacob A.C. |title=Beyond 'natural-disasters-are-not-natural': the work of state and nature after the 2010 earthquake in Chile |journal=Journal of Political Ecology |date=1 December 2016 |volume=23 |issue=1 |pages=93 |doi=10.2458/v23i1.20181 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | last=Smith | first=Neil | title=There's No Such Thing as a Natural Disaster | website=Items | date=2006-06-11 | url=https://items.ssrc.org/understanding-katrina/theres-no-such-thing-as-a-natural-disaster/ | access-date=2020-12-29 | archive-date=2021-01-22 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122104324/https://items.ssrc.org/understanding-katrina/theres-no-such-thing-as-a-natural-disaster/ | url-status=live }}</ref> মানৱ পছন্দ আৰু স্থাপত্য,<ref>{{cite book |last1=Coburn |first1=Andrew W. |last2=Spence |first2=Robin JS |last3=Pomonis |first3=Antonios |chapter=Factors determining human casualty levels in earthquakes: mortality prediction in building collapse |pages=5989–5994 |chapter-url=https://www.iitk.ac.in/nicee/wcee/article/10_vol10_5989.pdf |title=Proceedings of the tenth world conference on earthquake engineering |volume=10 |year=1992 |isbn=978-90-5410-060-7 |access-date=2020-12-29 |archive-date=2020-11-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112013312/http://www.iitk.ac.in/nicee/wcee/article/10_vol10_5989.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> অগ্নি,<ref>{{cite web | title=Wildfire Causes and Evaluations (U.S. National Park Service) | website=NPS.gov Homepage (U.S. National Park Service) | date=2018-11-27 | url=https://www.nps.gov/articles/wildfire-causes-and-evaluation.htm | access-date=2020-12-29 | archive-date=2021-01-01 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210101030717/https://www.nps.gov/articles/wildfire-causes-and-evaluation.htm | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="auto">{{cite web | last=DeWeerdt | first=Sarah | title=Humans cause 96% of wildfires that threaten homes in the U.S. | website=Anthropocene | date=2020-09-15 | url=https://www.anthropocenemagazine.org/2020/09/humans-cause-most-wildfires-that-threaten-homes-in-the-united-states/ | access-date=2020-12-29 | archive-date=2020-12-10 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201210055715/https://www.anthropocenemagazine.org/2020/09/humans-cause-most-wildfires-that-threaten-homes-in-the-united-states/ | url-status=live }}</ref> সম্পদ ব্যৱস্থাপনা<ref name="auto"/><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Smil |first1=Vaclav |title=China's great famine: 40 years later |journal=BMJ |date=18 December 1999 |volume=319 |issue=7225 |pages=1619–1621 |doi=10.1136/bmj.319.7225.1619 |pmid=10600969 |pmc=1127087 }}</ref> আৰু [[গোলকীয় উষ্ণতা বৃদ্ধি|জলবায়ু পৰিৱৰ্তনৰ]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=McGuire |first1=Bill |title=Waking the Giant: How a changing climate triggers earthquakes, tsunamis, and volcanoes |date=2012 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-959226-5 |url=https://1lib.eu/book/2583950/77162a |access-date=2020-12-29 |archive-date=2022-04-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220418223658/http://ww25.1lib.eu/book/2583950/77162a?subid1=20220419-0836-58aa-a5d2-62fa1ec4a512 |url-status=live |archivedate=2022-04-18 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220418223658/http://ww25.1lib.eu/book/2583950/77162a?subid1=20220419-0836-58aa-a5d2-62fa1ec4a512 }}{{page needed|date=December 2020}}</ref> দৰে কাৰ্য্যকলাপে সম্ভাৱ্যভাৱে প্ৰাকৃতিক দুৰ্যোগৰ সৃষ্টি কৰাত ভূমিকা পালন কৰে। আচলতে ''প্ৰাকৃতিক দুৰ্যোগ'' শব্দটোক ইতিমধ্যে ১৯৭৬ চনত ভুল নাম বুলি কোৱা হৈছিল।<ref name=":2" /> অপৰ্যাপ্ত নিৰ্মাণ নীতি, মানুহৰ প্ৰান্তীয়কৰণ, বৈষম্য, সম্পদৰ অতিমাত্ৰা শোষণ, চৰম নগৰীয়া বিস্তাৰ আৰু জলবায়ু পৰিৱৰ্তনৰ ফলত প্ৰাকৃতিক দুৰ্যোগ আৰু বেছি ভয়াৱহ হ’ব পাৰে।<ref name=":1" /> বিশ্বৰ জনসংখ্যাৰ দ্ৰুত বৃদ্ধি আৰু প্ৰায়ে বিপজ্জনক পৰিৱেশত ইয়াৰ একাগ্ৰতা বৃদ্ধিয়ে দুৰ্যোগৰ কম্পাঙ্ক আৰু ভয়াৱহতা দুয়োটাকে বৃদ্ধি কৰিছে। চৰম জলবায়ু (যেনে ক্ৰান্তীয় অঞ্চলৰ) আৰু অস্থিৰ ভূ-ৰূপ, বনাঞ্চল ধ্বংস, অপৰিকল্পিত বৃদ্ধিৰ প্ৰসাৰ আৰু অভিযন্তাহীন নিৰ্মাণে দুৰ্যোগ প্ৰৱণ প্ৰাকৃতিক স্থানৰ সৈতে জনবসতিপূৰ্ণ অঞ্চলৰ অধিক দুৰ্বল সংযোগস্থলৰ সৃষ্টি কৰে। দীৰ্ঘদিনীয়া প্ৰাকৃতিক দুৰ্যোগৰ দ্বাৰা ভোগা উন্নয়নশীল দেশসমূহত প্ৰায়ে দুৰ্যোগ প্ৰতিৰোধ আৰু ব্যৱস্থাপনাৰ বাবে অপৰ্যাপ্ত সমৰ্থনৰ সৈতে অকাৰ্যকৰী যোগাযোগ ব্যৱস্থা থাকে।<ref>{{Citation |last=Zorn |first=Matija |title=Natural Disasters and Less Developed Countries |date=2018 |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59002-8_4 |work=Nature, Tourism and Ethnicity as Drivers of (De)Marginalization: Insights to Marginality from Perspective of Sustainability and Development |series=Perspectives on Geographical Marginality |volume=3 |pages=59–78 |editor-last=Pelc |editor-first=Stanko |place=Cham |publisher=Springer International Publishing |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-3-319-59002-8_4 |isbn=978-3-319-59002-8 |access-date=2022-06-08 |editor2-last=Koderman |editor2-first=Miha}}</ref> দুৰ্বল জনসংখ্যা নথকা অঞ্চলত যদি কোনো প্ৰতিকূল পৰিঘটনা সংঘটিত হয় তেন্তে দুৰ্যোগৰ স্তৰলৈ উঠি নাযায়।<ref>{{cite book| author=D. Alexander| year=2002| title=Principles of Emergency planning and Management| publisher=Harpended: Terra publishing| isbn= 1-903544-10-6}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author1=B. Wisner |author2=P. Blaikie |author3=T. Cannon |author4=I. Davis |name-list-style=amp | year=2004| title=At Risk – Natural hazards, people's vulnerability and disasters| publisher=Wiltshire: Routledge| isbn= 0-415-25216-4}}{{page needed|date=December 2020}}</ref> এবাৰ দুৰ্বল জনসংখ্যাই দুৰ্যোগৰ সন্মুখীন হ’লে সম্প্ৰদায়টোক মেৰামতি কৰিবলৈ বহু বছৰ সময় লাগিব পাৰে আৰু সেই মেৰামতিৰ সময়ছোৱাই অধিক দুৰ্বলতাৰ সৃষ্টি কৰিব পাৰে। প্ৰাকৃতিক দুৰ্যোগৰ বিপৰ্যয়জনক পৰিণতিই ক্ষতিগ্ৰস্ত সম্প্ৰদায়ৰ মানসিক স্বাস্থ্যতো প্ৰভাৱ পেলায়, যাৰ ফলত প্ৰায়ে আঘাতৰ পিছৰ লক্ষণ দেখা দিয়ে। এই বৃদ্ধি পোৱা আৱেগিক অভিজ্ঞতাসমূহক সামূহিক প্ৰক্ৰিয়াকৰণৰ জৰিয়তে সমৰ্থন কৰিব পাৰি, যাৰ ফলত স্থিতিস্থাপকতা আৰু সম্প্ৰদায়ৰ সংযোগ বৃদ্ধি পায়।<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Kieft|first1=J.|last2=Bendell|first2=J|year=2021|title=The responsibility of communicating difficult truths about climate influenced societal disruption and collapse: an introduction to psychological research|url=https://insight.cumbria.ac.uk/id/eprint/5950|journal=Institute for Leadership and Sustainability (IFLAS) Occasional Papers|volume=7|pages=1–39|access-date=2021-04-03|archive-date=2021-03-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210310074519/https://insight.cumbria.ac.uk/id/eprint/5950/|url-status=live}}</ref> {{TOC limit|3}} == পৰিভাষা == প্ৰাকৃতিক [[বিপদ]]ৰ পৰিঘটনাৰ পিছত কোনো সমাজ বা সম্প্ৰদায়ৰ ওপৰত হোৱা অতি ক্ষতিকাৰক প্ৰভাৱক প্ৰাকৃতিক দুৰ্যোগ বোলে। "[[দুৰ্যোগ]]" শব্দটোৰ সংজ্ঞা এনেধৰণৰ: "দুৰ্যোগ হ’ল নিজৰ সম্পদ ব্যৱহাৰ কৰি মোকাবিলা কৰাৰ ক্ষমতা অতিক্ৰম কৰা সম্প্ৰদায়ৰ কাৰ্য্যকলাপত গুৰুতৰ ব্যাঘাত। প্ৰাকৃতিক, মানৱসৃষ্ট আৰু প্ৰযুক্তিগত বিপদৰ লগতে বিভিন্ন কাৰকে কোনো সম্প্ৰদায়ৰ উন্মোচন আৰু দুৰ্বলতাক প্ৰভাৱিত কৰি দুৰ্যোগৰ সৃষ্টি কৰিব পাৰে।" <ref>{{Cite web |title=What is a disaster? |url=https://www.ifrc.org/our-work/disasters-climate-and-crises/what-disaster |access-date=2023-05-24 |website=www.ifrc.org – IFRC|language=en}}</ref> আমেৰিকাৰ ফেডাৰেল ইমাৰ্জেন্সি মেনেজমেণ্ট এজেন্সীয়ে (ফেমা) প্ৰাকৃতিক দুৰ্যোগ আৰু প্ৰাকৃতিক বিপদৰ মাজৰ সম্পৰ্ক তলত দিয়া ধৰণে ব্যাখ্যা কৰিছে: "প্ৰাকৃতিক বিপদ আৰু প্ৰাকৃতিক দুৰ্যোগৰ মাজত সম্পৰ্ক আছে যদিও একে নহয়। প্ৰাকৃতিক বিপদ হ'ল কোনো এটা পৰিঘটনাৰ ভাবুকি যিয়ে সম্ভৱতঃ নেতিবাচক প্ৰভাৱ পেলাব। প্ৰাকৃতিক দুৰ্যোগ হ'ল প্ৰাকৃতিক বিপদৰ প্ৰকৃত সংঘটনৰ পিছত হোৱা নেতিবাচক প্ৰভাৱ এটা সম্প্ৰদায়ৰ যথেষ্ট ক্ষতি কৰে।" <ref name=":3" /> প্ৰাকৃতিক বিপদ আৰু দুৰ্যোগৰ মাজৰ পাৰ্থক্যৰ উদাহৰণ হ’ল [[ভূমিকম্প]] হৈছে সেই বিপদ যিয়ে ১৯০৬ চনৰ ছান ফ্ৰান্সিস্কো ভূমিকম্পৰ দুৰ্যোগৰ সৃষ্টি কৰিছিল। ''প্ৰাকৃতিক বিপদ''<ref>{{cite book|last1=Organization of American States, Department of Regional Development|last2=Organization of American States, Natural Hazards Project|last3=United States Agency for International Development, Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance|title=Disaster, planning and development: managing natural hazards to reduce loss|date=1990|publisher=Organization of American States|location=Washington, D.C.|url=http://www.oas.org/dsd/publications/Unit/oea54e/oea54e.pdf|access-date=21 July 2014}}</ref> হৈছে এনে এক প্ৰাকৃতিক পৰিঘটনা যিয়ে [[মানুহ]] আৰু অন্যান্য [[প্ৰাণী]], বা [[প্ৰাকৃতিক পৰিৱেশ|পৰিৱেশৰ]] ওপৰত নেতিবাচক প্ৰভাৱ পেলাব পাৰে। প্ৰাকৃতিক বিপদৰ পৰিঘটনাক দুটা বহল ভাগত ভাগ কৰিব পাৰি: ভূ-ভৌতিক আৰু [[জীৱবিজ্ঞান|জৈৱিক]]।<ref>{{cite book|last1=Burton|first1=I.|title=The environment as hazard|last2=Kates|first2=R.W.|last3=White|first3=G.F.|date=1993|publisher=[[Guilford Press]]|isbn=978-0898621594}}</ref> প্ৰাকৃতিক বিপদসমূহ মানুহৰ দ্বাৰা সৃষ্টি হোৱা প্ৰক্ৰিয়াৰ দ্বাৰা উত্তেজিত বা প্ৰভাৱিত হ’ব পাৰে, যেনে- ভূমি ব্যৱহাৰৰ পৰিৱৰ্তন, নিষ্কাশন আৰু নিৰ্মাণ।<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Gill |first1=Joel C. |last2=Malamud |first2=Bruce D. |date=2017-03-01 |title=Anthropogenic processes, natural hazards, and interactions in a multi-hazard framework |journal=Earth-Science Reviews |volume=166 |pages=246–269 |bibcode=2017ESRv..166..246G |doi=10.1016/j.earscirev.2017.01.002 |doi-access=free}}</ref> ফেমাৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় বিপদ সূচকাংকত ১৮টা প্ৰাকৃতিক বিপদ অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত কৰা হৈছে: হিমস্খলন, উপকূলীয় বানপানী, শীতল ঢৌ, খৰাং, [[ভূমিকম্প]], শিলাবৃষ্টি, গৰমৰ ঢৌ, গ্ৰীষ্মমণ্ডলীয় ঘূৰ্ণীবতাহ, বৰফৰ ধুমুহা, ভূমিস্খলন, বিজুলী, নদীৰ বানপানী, প্ৰচণ্ড বতাহ, টৰ্নেডো, [[ছুনামি]], আগ্নেয়গিৰিৰ কাৰ্যকলাপ, বন্য অগ্নি, শীতকালীন বতৰ।<ref name=":3" /> ইয়াৰ উপৰিও টৰ্নেডো আৰু ধূলিৰ ধুমুহাও দেখা যায়। === সমালোচনা === ''প্ৰাকৃতিক দুৰ্যোগ'' শব্দটোক ইতিমধ্যে ১৯৭৬ চনত ভুল নামকৰণ বুলি কোৱা হৈছে।<ref name=":2" /> দুৰ্যোগ হৈছে কোনো দুৰ্বল সম্প্ৰদায়ক প্ৰভাৱিত কৰা প্ৰাকৃতিক বিপদৰ ফল। কিন্তু দুৰ্যোগৰ পৰা হাত সাৰিব পাৰি। ভূমিকম্প, খৰাং, বানপানী, ধুমুহা আৰু অন্যান্য পৰিঘটনাই মানুহৰ কৰ্ম আৰু নিষ্ক্ৰিয়তাৰ বাবে দুৰ্যোগৰ সৃষ্টি কৰে। ভূমি আৰু নীতিৰ পৰিকল্পনা আৰু নিয়ন্ত্ৰণমুক্তকৰণে আৰু বেয়া পৰিস্থিতিৰ সৃষ্টি কৰিব পাৰে। ইয়াৰ লগত প্ৰায়ে উন্নয়নমূলক কাৰ্য্যকলাপ জড়িত হৈ থাকে যিয়ে দুৰ্যোগৰ আশংকাক আওকাণ কৰে বা হ্ৰাস কৰাত ব্যৰ্থ হয়। উন্নয়নৰ ব্যৰ্থতাৰ ফলত দুৰ্যোগৰ সৃষ্টি হ’লেও দুৰ্যোগৰ বাবে কেৱল প্ৰকৃতিক দোষাৰোপ কৰা হয়। সমাজসমূহে প্ৰস্তুতি চলাব নোৱাৰাৰ ফলতো দুৰ্যোগৰ সৃষ্টি হয়। এনে বিফলতাৰ উদাহৰণ হ’ল অপৰ্যাপ্ত নিৰ্মাণ নীতি, মানুহৰ প্ৰান্তীয়কৰণ, বৈষম্য, সম্পদৰ অতিমাত্ৰা শোষণ, চৰম নগৰীয়া বিস্তাৰ আৰু জলবায়ু পৰিৱৰ্তন।<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Why natural disasters aren't all that natural |url=https://www.preventionweb.net/news/why-natural-disasters-arent-all-natural |access-date=2022-06-06 |website=www.preventionweb.net |date=14 September 2017 |language=en}}</ref> দুৰ্যোগক কেৱল প্ৰাকৃতিক পৰিঘটনা বুলি সংজ্ঞায়িত কৰিলে দুৰ্যোগৰ কাৰণসমূহ বুজিবলৈ আৰু দুৰ্যোগৰ আশংকা হ্ৰাস, দুৰ্যোগ ব্যৱস্থাপনা, ক্ষতিপূৰণ, বীমা আৰু দুৰ্যোগ প্ৰতিৰোধৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত ৰাজনৈতিক আৰু আৰ্থিক দায়িত্ব বিতৰণৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত গুৰুতৰ প্ৰভাৱ পৰে।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Time to say goodbye to "natural" disasters |url=https://www.preventionweb.net/blog/time-say-goodbye-natural-disasters |access-date=2022-06-06 |website=www.preventionweb.net |language=en}}</ref> দুৰ্যোগৰ বৰ্ণনা কৰিবলৈ ''প্ৰাকৃতিক'' ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিলে মানুহক বিপথে পৰিচালিত কৰা হয় যে ইয়াৰ বিধ্বংসী ফলাফল অনিবাৰ্য, আমাৰ নিয়ন্ত্ৰণৰ বাহিৰত আৰু ই কেৱল এটা প্ৰাকৃতিক প্ৰক্ৰিয়াৰ অংশ। বিপদ (ভূমিকম্প, হাৰিকেন, মহামাৰী, খৰাং ইত্যাদি) অনিবাৰ্য, কিন্তু ইয়াৰ দ্বাৰা সমাজত যি প্ৰভাৱ পৰে সেয়া নহয়। এইদৰে ''প্ৰাকৃতিক দুৰ্যোগ'' শব্দটো অনুপযুক্ত আৰু ইয়াক সৰল শব্দ ''দুৰ্যোগ''ৰ সপক্ষে পৰিত্যাগ কৰা উচিত, লগতে বিপদৰ শ্ৰেণী (বা প্ৰকাৰ)ও নিৰ্দিষ্ট কৰা উচিত।<ref name=":4">Kevin Blanchard [https://www.preventionweb.net/blog/nonaturaldisasters-changing-discourse-disaster-reporting #NoNaturalDisasters – Changing the discourse of natural disaster reporting] (16 November 2018)</ref> == স্কেল == {{main|মৃতকৰ সংখ্যা অনুসৰি প্ৰাকৃতিক দুৰ্যোগৰ তালিকা|প্ৰাকৃতিক দুৰ্যোগৰ আশংকা অনুসৰি দেশৰ তালিকা}} [[File:Number-of-natural-disaster-events-Our World In Data.png|thumb|লিপিবদ্ধ প্ৰাকৃতিক দুৰ্যোগৰ সংখ্যা (১৯০০–২০২২)]] ফেমাৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় বিপদ সূচকাংকত অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত ১৮টা প্ৰাকৃতিক বিপদৰ কিছুমানৰ এতিয়া জলবায়ু পৰিৱৰ্তনৰ প্ৰভাৱৰ বাবে সংঘটিত হোৱাৰ সম্ভাৱনা অধিক, আৰু ইয়াৰ তীব্ৰতা অধিক।<ref name=":3" /> গৰমৰ ঢৌ, খৰাং, বনজুই আৰু উপকূলীয় বানপানীৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত এই কথা প্ৰযোজ্য।<ref>IPCC, 2022: [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg2/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGII_SummaryForPolicymakers.pdf Summary for Policymakers] [H.-O. Pörtner, D.C. Roberts, E.S. Poloczanska, K. Mintenbeck, M. Tignor, A. Alegría, M. Craig, S. Langsdorf, S. Löschke, V. Möller, A. Okem (eds.)]. In: [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg2/ Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change] [H.-O. Pörtner, D.C. Roberts, M. Tignor, E.S. Poloczanska, K. Mintenbeck, A. Alegría, M. Craig, S. Langsdorf, S. Löschke, V. Möller, A. Okem, B. Rama (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge and New York, pp. 3–33, {{doi|10.1017/9781009325844.001}}.</ref>{{rp|9}} === অঞ্চল আৰু দেশ অনুসৰি === ২০১৯ চনৰ হিচাপত প্ৰাকৃতিক দুৰ্যোগৰ বাবে অক্ষমতা-সামঞ্জস্যপূৰ্ণ জীৱন বছৰ (ডেলী)ৰ সৰ্বাধিক অংশ হেৰুৱাই পেলোৱা দেশসমূহ হ’ল বাহামা, হাইটি, জিম্বাবুৱে আৰু [[আৰ্মেনিয়া]] (সম্ভৱতঃ স্পিটক ভূমিকম্পৰ বাবে)।<ref>{{cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Global health estimates: Leading causes of DALYs |url=https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/themes/mortality-and-global-health-estimates/global-health-estimates-leading-causes-of-dalys |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106063038/https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/themes/mortality-and-global-health-estimates/global-health-estimates-leading-causes-of-dalys |archive-date=2021-01-06 |access-date= |website=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=2019 WHO DALY report data |url=https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/gho-documents/global-health-estimates/ghe2019_dalys-2019-country.xlsx |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220331221157/https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/gho-documents/global-health-estimates/ghe2019_dalys-2019-country.xlsx |archive-date=2022-03-31 |access-date= |website=}}</ref> এছিয়া-পেচিফিক অঞ্চলটো বিশ্বৰ আটাইতকৈ দুৰ্যোগ প্ৰৱণ অঞ্চল।<ref>Asia-Pacific World’s Most Disaster-Prone Region</ref> এছিয়া-পেচিফিকত এজন ব্যক্তিৰ প্ৰাকৃতিক দুৰ্যোগৰ সন্মুখীন হোৱাৰ সম্ভাৱনা আন অঞ্চলত বাস কৰা কোনো ব্যক্তিতকৈ পাঁচগুণ বেছি।<ref>{{cite web |title=Asia-Pacific: the world's most disaster-prone region – World |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/world/factbox-asia-pacific-worlds-most-disaster-prone-region |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181004103905/https://reliefweb.int/report/world/factbox-asia-pacific-worlds-most-disaster-prone-region |archive-date=2018-10-04 |access-date=2018-10-04 |website=ReliefWeb|date=10 October 2017 }}</ref> ১৯৯৫ চনৰ পৰা ২০১৫ চনৰ ভিতৰত আমেৰিকা, চীন আৰু ভাৰতত সৰ্বাধিক প্ৰাকৃতিক দুৰ্যোগ সংঘটিত হৈছিল।<ref name="vecono">{{cite news |date=29 Aug 2017 |title=Weather-related disasters are increasing |newspaper=[[The Economist]] |url=https://www.economist.com/blogs/graphicdetail/2017/08/daily-chart-19 |url-status=live |access-date=30 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170830021140/https://www.economist.com/blogs/graphicdetail/2017/08/daily-chart-19 |archive-date=30 August 2017}}</ref> ২০১২ চনত বিশ্বজুৰি ৯০৫টা প্ৰাকৃতিক দুৰ্যোগ সংঘটিত হৈছিল, ইয়াৰে ৯৩% বতৰ সম্পৰ্কীয় দুৰ্যোগ। সামগ্ৰিক খৰচ আছিল ১৭০এণ্ডনন-ব্ৰেকিং স্পেচ; বিলিয়ন মাৰ্কিন ডলাৰ আৰু বীমাকৃত লোকচান আছিল ৭০এণ্ডনন-ব্ৰেকিং স্পেচ; বিলিয়ন ডলাৰ। ২০১২ চনটো আছিল মধ্যমীয়া বছৰ। ৪৫% বতৰ বিজ্ঞান (ধুমুহা), ৩৬% জলবিজ্ঞান (বানপানী), ১২% জলবায়ুবিজ্ঞান (তাপৰ ঢৌ, ঠাণ্ডা ঢৌ, খৰাং, বন্য অগ্নিকাণ্ড) আৰু ৭% ভূ-ভৌতিক পৰিঘটনা (ভূমিকম্প আৰু আগ্নেয়গিৰিৰ বিস্ফোৰণ)। ১৯৮০ চনৰ পৰা ২০১১ চনৰ ভিতৰত ভূ-ভৌতিক পৰিঘটনাই সকলো প্ৰাকৃতিক বিপৰ্যয়ৰ ১৪% অংশ গ্ৰহণ কৰিছিল।<ref>[http://www.worldwatch.org/natural-catastrophes-2012-dominated-us-weather-extremes-0 Natural Catastrophes in 2012 Dominated by U.S. Weather Extremes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130702190117/http://www.worldwatch.org/natural-catastrophes-2012-dominated-us-weather-extremes-0|date=2013-07-02}} [[Worldwatch Institute]] May 29, 2013</ref> === লেহেমীয়া আৰু দ্ৰুত আৰম্ভণিৰ পৰিঘটনা === প্ৰাকৃতিক বিপদ বিভিন্ন সময়ৰ স্কেলৰ লগতে এলেকাৰ স্কেলতো দেখা যায়। টৰ্নেডো আৰু ক্ষন্তেকীয়া বানপানী দ্ৰুতভাৱে আৰম্ভ হোৱা পৰিঘটনা, অৰ্থাৎ ই কম সতৰ্কবাণীৰ সময়ৰ সৈতে সংঘটিত হয় আৰু ই অল্পকালীন। লাহে লাহে আৰম্ভ হোৱা পৰিঘটনাবোৰেও অতি ক্ষতিকাৰক হ’ব পাৰে, উদাহৰণস্বৰূপে [[খৰাং]] হৈছে এটা প্ৰাকৃতিক বিপদ যি লাহে লাহে, কেতিয়াবা বছৰৰ পিছত বছৰ ধৰি বিকশিত হয়।<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-12-01 |title=Natural hazards and disaster risk reduction |url=https://public-old.wmo.int/en/our-mandate/focus-areas/natural-hazards-and-disaster-risk-reduction |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231218182313/https://public-old.wmo.int/en/our-mandate/focus-areas/natural-hazards-and-disaster-risk-reduction |url-status=dead |archive-date=December 18, 2023 |access-date=2023-05-18 |website=public.wmo.int |language=en |archivedate=2023-12-18 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231218182313/https://public-old.wmo.int/en/our-mandate/focus-areas/natural-hazards-and-disaster-risk-reduction |deadurl=yes }}</ref> == প্ৰভাৱ == [[File:Number-of-deaths-from-natural-disasters.png|thumb|প্ৰাকৃতিক দুৰ্যোগৰ ফলত বিশ্বব্যাপী মৃত্যুৰ হাৰ (১৯০০–২০২২)]] [[File:Damage-costs-from-natural-disasters.png|thumb|প্ৰাকৃতিক দুৰ্যোগৰ ফলত হোৱা বিশ্বব্যাপী ক্ষতিৰ ব্যয় (১৯৮০–২০২২)]]প্ৰাকৃতিক দুৰ্যোগৰ ফলত জীৱন হেৰুৱা, আঘাত বা অন্যান্য স্বাস্থ্যজনিত প্ৰভাৱ, সম্পত্তিৰ ক্ষতি, জীৱিকা আৰু সেৱাৰ ক্ষতি, সামাজিক আৰু অৰ্থনৈতিক বিঘিনি বা পৰিৱেশৰ ক্ষতি হ’ব পাৰে। [[ভূমিকম্প]], ভূমিস্খলন, আগ্নেয়গিৰিৰ বিস্ফোৰণ, [[বানপানী]], হাৰিকেন, টৰ্নেডো, তুষাৰপাত, [[ছুনামি]], ঘূৰ্ণীবতাহ, বন্য অগ্নিকাণ্ড, [[বৈশ্বিক মহামাৰী|মহামাৰী]] আদি বিভিন্ন পৰিঘটনা এই সকলোবোৰ প্ৰাকৃতিক বিপদ যিয়ে প্ৰতি বছৰে হাজাৰ হাজাৰ লোকৰ মৃত্যুৰ লগতে কোটি কোটি টকাৰ বাসস্থান আৰু সম্পত্তি ধ্বংস কৰে।<ref name=":02">{{Cite journal |last1=Cueto |first1=Lavinia Javier |last2=Agaton |first2=Casper Boongaling |year=2021 |title=Pandemic and Typhoon: Positive Impacts of a Double Disaster on Mental Health of Female Students in the Philippines |journal=Behavioral Sciences |language=en |volume=11 |issue=5 |pages=64 |doi=10.3390/bs11050064 |pmc=8147095 |pmid=33946801 |doi-access=free}}</ref> কিন্তু বিশ্বৰ জনসংখ্যাৰ দ্ৰুত বৃদ্ধি আৰু প্ৰায়ে বিপজ্জনক পৰিৱেশত ইয়াৰ একাগ্ৰতা বৃদ্ধিয়ে দুৰ্যোগৰ কম্পাঙ্ক আৰু ভয়াৱহতা দুয়োটাকে বৃদ্ধি কৰিছে। গ্ৰীষ্মমণ্ডলীয় জলবায়ু আৰু অস্থিৰ ভূ-ৰূপৰ লগতে বনাঞ্চল ধ্বংস, অপৰিকল্পিত বৃদ্ধিৰ প্ৰসাৰৰ লগে লগে অইঞ্জিনিয়াৰিং নিৰ্মাণে দুৰ্যোগ প্ৰৱণ অঞ্চলসমূহক অধিক দুৰ্বল কৰি তোলে। অট্টালিকা নিৰ্মাণ, আন্তঃগাঁথনি, চিকিৎসাৰ সুবিধাৰ মানদণ্ড কম হোৱাৰ বাবে প্ৰাকৃতিক দুৰ্যোগৰ ফলত মৃত্যুৰ হাৰ দুৰ্বল উন্নত দেশসমূহত সৰ্বাধিক।<ref name="Rosling2018"/> বিশ্বজুৰি দেশসমূহৰ উন্নতি বৃদ্ধি, প্ৰস্তুতি বৃদ্ধি, উন্নত শিক্ষা, উন্নত পদ্ধতি, আৰু আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় সংস্থাসমূহৰ পৰা পোৱা সাহায্যৰ বাবে যোৱা ১০০ বছৰত প্ৰাকৃতিক দুৰ্যোগৰ ফলত হোৱা মুঠ মৃত্যুৰ সংখ্যা ৭৫% হ্ৰাস পাইছে। যিহেতু একে সময়ছোৱাতে বিশ্বৰ জনসংখ্যা বৃদ্ধি পাইছে, সেয়েহে জনমূৰি মৃত্যুৰ সংখ্যা হ্ৰাস পোৱাটো অধিক, মূল পৰিমাণৰ ৬% লৈ হ্ৰাস পাইছে।<ref name="Rosling2018">{{cite book | last1=Rosling | first1=H. | last2=Rosling | first2=O. | last3=Rönnlund | first3=A.R. | title=Factfulness: Ten Reasons We're Wrong About the World – and Why Things Are Better Than You Think | publisher=Flatiron Books | year=2018 | isbn=978-1-250-10781-7 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fpZNDwAAQBAJ | pages=107–109, 299–325}}</ref> === পৰিৱেশৰ ওপৰত === প্ৰাকৃতিক দুৰ্যোগ আৰু সশস্ত্ৰ সংঘাতৰ দৰে জৰুৰীকালীন অৱস্থাত অধিক আৱৰ্জনা উৎপন্ন হ’ব পাৰে, আনহাতে আৱৰ্জনা ব্যৱস্থাপনাক অন্যান্য সেৱাৰ তুলনাত কম অগ্ৰাধিকাৰ দিয়া হয়। বৰ্তমানৰ আৱৰ্জনা ব্যৱস্থাপনা সেৱা আৰু আন্তঃগাঁথনিসমূহ বিঘ্নিত হ’ব পাৰে, যাৰ ফলত সম্প্ৰদায়সমূহ অপৰিচালিত আৱৰ্জনা আৰু বৃদ্ধি পোৱা আৱৰ্জনাসমূহৰ সন্মুখীন হ’ব পাৰে। এনে পৰিস্থিতিত মানুহৰ স্বাস্থ্য আৰু পৰিৱেশৰ ওপৰত প্ৰায়ে নেতিবাচক প্ৰভাৱ পৰে।<ref name="UNEP">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2021-10-21 |title=Drowning in Plastics – Marine Litter and Plastic Waste Vital Graphics |url=http://www.unep.org/resources/report/drowning-plastics-marine-litter-and-plastic-waste-vital-graphics |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220321122658/https://www.unep.org/resources/report/drowning-plastics-marine-litter-and-plastic-waste-vital-graphics |archive-date=2022-03-21 |access-date=2022-03-23 |website=UNEP – UN Environment Programme |language=en}}{{CC-notice|by4}}</ref> প্ৰাকৃতিক দুৰ্যোগ (যেনে ভূমিকম্প, চুনামী, হাৰিকেন)ৰ ফলত কম সময়ৰ ভিতৰতে যথেষ্ট পৰিমাণৰ আৱৰ্জনা সৃষ্টি হোৱাৰ সম্ভাৱনা থাকে। আৱৰ্জনা ব্যৱস্থাপনা ব্যৱস্থাসমূহ কাৰ্য্যক্ষম হোৱাৰ বাহিৰত বা কৰ্তন কৰা হ’ব পাৰে, পুনৰুদ্ধাৰ কৰিবলৈ প্ৰায়ে যথেষ্ট সময় আৰু ধনৰ প্ৰয়োজন হয়। উদাহৰণস্বৰূপে, ২০১১ চনত জাপানত হোৱা ছুনামীৰ ফলত বিপুল পৰিমাণৰ ধ্বংসাৱশেষৰ সৃষ্টি হৈছিল: জাপানৰ পৰিৱেশ মন্ত্ৰালয়ে ৫০ লাখ টন আৱৰ্জনা বুলি অনুমান কৰিছে। এই আৱৰ্জনাবোৰৰ কিছু অংশ, বেছিভাগেই প্লাষ্টিক আৰু ষ্টাইৰ’ফ’ম ২০১১ চনৰ শেষৰ ফালে কানাডা আৰু আমেৰিকাৰ উপকূলত ধুই পেলোৱা হৈছিল। আমেৰিকাৰ পশ্চিম উপকূলৰ কাষে কাষে ইয়াৰ ফলত আৱৰ্জনাসমূহৰ পৰিমাণ ১০ গুণ বৃদ্ধি পায় আৰু হয়তো বিদেশী প্ৰজাতি পৰিবহণ কৰা হৈছিল। ধুমুহা প্লাষ্টিকৰ আৱৰ্জনাৰো গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ উৎপাদক। ল' এট অল (২০২০)ৰ এক অধ্যয়নত ২০১৮ চনত [[হংকং|হংকঙত]] হোৱা আমফানৰ পিছত জৰীপ কৰা বিলসমূহত মাইক্ৰ’প্লাষ্টিকৰ পৰিমাণ ১০০% বৃদ্ধি পোৱাৰ কথা উল্লেখ কৰা হৈছে।<ref name="UNEP" /> দুৰ্যোগ সাহায্য অভিযানৰ সময়ত যথেষ্ট পৰিমাণৰ প্লাষ্টিক আৱৰ্জনা উৎপন্ন হ’ব পাৰে। ২০১০ চনত হাইটিত হোৱা ভূমিকম্পৰ পিছত সাহায্য অভিযানৰ পৰা আৱৰ্জনা উৎপন্ন হোৱাটোক "দ্বিতীয় দুৰ্যোগ" বুলি কোৱা হৈছিল। আমেৰিকাৰ সেনাই জনোৱা মতে, লাখ লাখ পানীৰ বটল আৰু ষ্টাইৰ’ফ’ম খাদ্যৰ পেকেজ বিতৰণ কৰা হৈছে যদিও কোনো কাৰ্যকৰী আৱৰ্জনা ব্যৱস্থাপনা ব্যৱস্থা নাছিল। জৰুৰীকালীন আশ্ৰয় শিবিৰৰ বাবে ৭ লাখৰো অধিক প্লাষ্টিকৰ টাৰ্পলিন আৰু এক লাখ টেণ্টৰ প্ৰয়োজন হৈছিল। প্লাষ্টিকৰ আৱৰ্জনা বৃদ্ধিৰ লগতে নিষ্কাশনৰ দুৰ্বল পদ্ধতিৰ ফলত মুকলি নিষ্কাশন চেনেল বন্ধ হৈ পৰিছিল, যাৰ ফলত [[ৰোগ|ৰোগৰ]] সম্ভাৱনা বৃদ্ধি পাইছিল।<ref name="UNEP" /> সংঘাতৰ ফলত সম্প্ৰদায়সমূহৰ বৃহৎ পৰিসৰৰ স্থানচ্যুতিৰ সৃষ্টি হ’ব পাৰে। এই পৰিস্থিতিত বাস কৰা লোকসকলক প্ৰায়ে ন্যূনতম আৱৰ্জনা ব্যৱস্থাপনাৰ সুবিধা প্ৰদান কৰা হয়। প্লাষ্টিককে ধৰি মিশ্ৰিত আৱৰ্জনা পেলোৱাৰ বাবে বাৰ্ন পিট বহুলভাৱে ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়। বায়ু প্ৰদূষণৰ ফলত শ্বাস-প্ৰশ্বাস আৰু অন্যান্য ৰোগৰ সৃষ্টি হ’ব পাৰে। উদাহৰণস্বৰূপে, আলজেৰিয়াৰ টিণ্ডুফৰ ওচৰৰ পাঁচটা শিবিৰত প্ৰায় ৪৫ বছৰ ধৰি ছাহৰাৱী শৰণাৰ্থীসকলে বাস কৰি আহিছে। আৱৰ্জনা সংগ্ৰহ সেৱাৰ বাবে পুঁজিৰ অভাৱ আৰু পুনঃব্যৱহাৰৰ কোনো সুবিধা নথকাৰ বাবে শিবিৰসমূহৰ ৰাজপথ আৰু আশে-পাশে প্লাষ্টিক বানপানীত বুৰ গৈছে। ইয়াৰ বিপৰীতে ছিৰিয়াৰ পৰা অহা শৰণাৰ্থীসকলৰ বাবে জৰ্ডানৰ আজৰাক শিবিৰত আৱৰ্জনা ব্যৱস্থাপনা সেৱা আছে; প্ৰতিদিনে উৎপাদিত ২০.৭ টন আৱৰ্জনাসমূহৰ ভিতৰত ১৫% পুনঃব্যৱহাৰযোগ্য।<ref name="UNEP" /> === দুৰ্বল গোটসমূহৰ ওপৰত === ==== নাৰী ==== সমগ্ৰ বিশ্বৰ বহু ঠাইৰ সামাজিক, ৰাজনৈতিক আৰু সাংস্কৃতিক প্ৰেক্ষাপটৰ বাবেই নাৰী প্ৰায়েই দুৰ্যোগৰ দ্বাৰা অসমতাপূৰ্ণভাৱে প্ৰভাৱিত হয়।<ref name="pmid21629495">{{cite journal |last1=Nour |first1=Nawal N |date=2011 |title=Maternal Health Considerations During Disaster Relief |journal=Reviews in Obstetrics and Gynecology |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=22–27 |pmc=3100103 |pmid=21629495}}</ref> ২০০৪ চনৰ ভাৰত মহাসাগৰৰ ছুনামীত পুৰুষতকৈ মহিলাৰ মৃত্যুৰ সংখ্যা বেছি, ইয়াৰ কাৰণ আংশিকভাৱে কম সংখ্যক মহিলাই সাঁতুৰিব জানিছিল।<ref name="pmid21629495" /> প্ৰাকৃতিক দুৰ্যোগৰ সময়ত আৰু পিছত মহিলাসকল লিংগভিত্তিক হিংসাৰ দ্বাৰা প্ৰভাৱিত হোৱাৰ আশংকা বৃদ্ধি পায় আৰু যৌন হিংসাৰ প্ৰতি ক্ৰমান্বয়ে দুৰ্বল হৈ পৰে। আৰক্ষী বলবৎকৰণত ব্যাঘাত জন্মা, শিথিল নিয়ম, আৰু স্থানচ্যুতি আদিয়ে লিংগভিত্তিক হিংসা আৰু যৌন নিৰ্যাতনৰ আশংকা বৃদ্ধি কৰাত অৰিহণা যোগায়।<ref name="pmid21629495" /> যৌন হিংসাৰ দ্বাৰা আক্ৰান্ত মহিলাসকলৰ যৌন সংক্ৰমণ, অনন্য শাৰীৰিক আঘাত আৰু দীৰ্ঘম্যাদী মানসিক পৰিণতিৰ সম্ভাৱনা যথেষ্ট বৃদ্ধি পায়।<ref name="pmid21629495" /> এই সকলোবোৰ দীৰ্ঘম্যাদী স্বাস্থ্যৰ ফলাফলে দুৰ্যোগৰ পুনৰুদ্ধাৰৰ সময়ছোৱাৰ পিছত সমাজত সফল পুনৰ সংযোগত বাধা দিব পাৰে।<ref name="pmid21629495" /> [[এলজিবিটি সমাজ|এলজিবিটি মানুহ]] আৰু অনুপ্ৰৱেশকাৰীৰ উপৰিও নাৰীসকলো অসমতাপূৰ্ণভাৱে প্ৰাকৃতিক দুৰ্যোগৰ বাবে ধৰ্মভিত্তিক বলিদানৰ বলি হয়: ধৰ্মান্ধ ধৰ্মীয় নেতা বা অনুগামীসকলে দাবী কৰিব পাৰে যে কোনো দেৱতা বা দেৱতাসকলে নাৰীৰ স্বাধীন, মুক্ত চিন্তাধাৰাৰ আচৰণত ক্ৰোধিত হৈছে, যেনে ‘অবিনয়ী’ সাজ-পোছাক, যৌন সম্পৰ্ক বা গৰ্ভপাত কৰা।<ref>{{Cite news |author=Lord |first=Leighann |date=1 October 2019 |title=The easiest way to respond to a natural disaster? Blame God or global warming |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/commentisfree/2015/sep/01/easiest-way-respond-natural-disaster-blame-god-global-warming |url-status=live |access-date=28 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190928143012/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/commentisfree/2015/sep/01/easiest-way-respond-natural-disaster-blame-god-global-warming |archive-date=28 September 2019}}</ref> উদাহৰণস্বৰূপে, হিন্দুত্ববাদী দল হিন্দু মক্কল কট্চী আদিয়ে ২০১৮ চনৰ আগষ্ট মাহত কেৰালাত হোৱা বানপানীৰ বাবে সবৰীমালা মন্দিৰত প্ৰৱেশৰ অধিকাৰৰ বাবে মহিলাৰ সংগ্ৰামক দোষাৰোপ কৰিছিল, যিটো কথিতভাৱে ক্ৰোধিত দেৱতা অয়্যাপ্পনে সংঘটিত কৰিছিল।<ref>{{Cite news |date=15 August 2018 |title=Kerala flood blamed on women's entry into Sabarimala by Hindu Makkal Katchi |work=[[The New Indian Express]] |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2018/aug/15/kerala-flood-blamed-on-womens-entry-into-sabarimala-by-hindu-makkal-katchi-1858022.html |url-status=live |access-date=28 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190928144328/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2018/aug/15/kerala-flood-blamed-on-womens-entry-into-sabarimala-by-hindu-makkal-katchi-1858022.html |archive-date=28 September 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |author=Asmita Nandy |date=20 August 2018 |title=Hate Mongers on Twitter Blamed Women, Beef, Muslims, Christians and Communism for Causing the Kerala Floods |work=[[The Quint]] |url=https://www.thequint.com/videos/kerala-floods-women-in-sabarimala-beef-muslims-christians |url-status=live |access-date=28 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190928145554/https://www.thequint.com/videos/kerala-floods-women-in-sabarimala-beef-muslims-christians |archive-date=28 September 2019}}</ref> ইৰাণৰ ইছলামিক ধৰ্মগুৰু কাজেম চেদ্দিকীয়ে মহিলাসকলে অবিনয়ী সাজ-পোছাক পৰিধান কৰা আৰু যৌনতা বিয়পাই দিয়াৰ অভিযোগৰ প্ৰতিক্ৰিয়া স্বৰূপে আমেৰিকাৰ ছাত্ৰী জেনিফাৰ মেকক্ৰেইটে ২০১০ চনৰ ২৬ এপ্ৰিলত [[বুবকুৱেক]] অনুষ্ঠানৰ আয়োজন কৰিছিল: তেওঁ বিশ্বৰ মহিলাসকলক সকলো একেদৰেই অবিন্যস্ত সাজ-পোছাক পৰিধান কৰাত অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰিবলৈ উৎসাহিত কৰিছিল মহিলাৰ এনে আচৰণৰ ফলত ভূমিকম্পৰ কাৰ্যকলাপ কোনো বিশেষ বৃদ্ধি নহয় বুলি প্ৰমাণ কৰিবলৈ নিয়মীয়াকৈ ভূমিকম্পবিজ্ঞান পৰীক্ষা কৰা সময়।<ref>{{cite news |author=Pat Pilcher |date=26 April 2010 |title=Islamic cleric causes Boobquake |work=The New Zealand Herald |url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/technology/news/article.cfm?c_id=5&objectid=10641150 |url-status=live |access-date=28 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200215145002/https://www.nzherald.co.nz/technology/news/article.cfm?c_id=5&objectid=10641150 |archive-date=15 February 2020}}</ref> প্ৰাকৃতিক দুৰ্যোগৰ সময়ত আৰু পিছত নিয়মিত স্বাস্থ্যজনিত আচৰণত বাধাৰ সৃষ্টি হয়। ইয়াৰ উপৰিও দুৰ্যোগৰ ফলত স্বাস্থ্যসেৱা ব্যৱস্থাও বিকল হৈ পৰিছে, যাৰ ফলত গৰ্ভনিৰোধক ঔষধৰ সুবিধা আৰু অধিক হ্ৰাস পাইছে।<ref name="pmid21629495" /> এই সময়ত অসুৰক্ষিত যৌন সম্পৰ্কৰ ফলত প্ৰসৱ, অনাকাংক্ষিত গৰ্ভধাৰণ আৰু যৌন সংক্ৰমণ (এছটিআই)ৰ হাৰ বৃদ্ধি পাব পাৰে।<ref name="pmid21629495" /><ref name="pmid21375788">{{cite journal |last1=Harville |first1=Emily |last2=Xiong |first2=Xu |last3=Buekens |first3=Pierre |date=November 2010 |title=Disasters and Perinatal Health: A Systematic Review |journal=Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey |volume=65 |issue=11 |pages=713–728 |doi=10.1097/OGX.0b013e31820eddbe |pmc=3472448 |pmid=21375788}}</ref> এছটিআই প্ৰতিৰোধৰ বাবে ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা পদ্ধতিসমূহ (যেনে কণ্ডম ব্যৱহাৰ) দুৰ্যোগৰ আশে-পাশে থকা সময়ত প্ৰায়ে পাহৰি যোৱা হয় বা উপলব্ধ নহয়। স্বাস্থ্যসেৱাৰ আন্তঃগাঁথনিৰ অভাৱ আৰু চিকিৎসাৰ অভাৱে ব্যক্তিসকলে এছটিআই লাভ কৰাৰ পিছত চিকিৎসা কৰাৰ ক্ষমতাত বাধাৰ সৃষ্টি কৰে। তদুপৰি এইচ আই ভি/এইডছ প্ৰতিৰোধ, নিৰীক্ষণ বা চিকিৎসাৰ স্বাস্থ্যৰ প্ৰচেষ্টা প্ৰায়ে ব্যাঘাত জন্মায়, যাৰ ফলত এইচ আই ভি জটিলতাৰ হাৰ বৃদ্ধি পায় আৰু জনসংখ্যাৰ জৰিয়তে ভাইৰাছৰ সংক্ৰমণ বৃদ্ধি পায়।<ref name="pmid21629495" /> প্ৰাকৃতিক দুৰ্যোগৰ দ্বাৰা অসমতাপূৰ্ণভাৱে প্ৰভাৱিত হোৱা গোটসমূহৰ ভিতৰত গৰ্ভৱতী মহিলাও অন্যতম। অপৰ্যাপ্ত পুষ্টি, বিশুদ্ধ পানীৰ অভাৱ, স্বাস্থ্য-সেৱা সেৱাৰ অভাৱ আৰু দুৰ্যোগৰ পিছত মানসিক চাপৰ ফলত মাতৃৰ ৰোগ আৰু মৃত্যুৰ হাৰ যথেষ্ট বৃদ্ধি পাব পাৰে। তদুপৰি এই সময়ছোৱাত স্বাস্থ্যসেৱাৰ সম্পদৰ নাটনিয়ে আনকি নিয়মীয়া প্ৰসূতিৰ জটিলতাকো জৰুৰীকালীন অৱস্থালৈ ৰূপান্তৰিত কৰিব পাৰে।<ref>{{Cite news |last=Meyers |first=Talya |date=23 December 2019 |title=Pregnant women are particularly vulnerable to disasters. |work=Direct Relief |url=https://www.directrelief.org/2019/12/pregnant-women-are-particularly-vulnerable-to-disasters/ |url-status=live |access-date=21 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001050314/https://www.directrelief.org/2019/12/pregnant-women-are-particularly-vulnerable-to-disasters/ |archive-date=1 October 2020}}</ref> দুৰ্যোগৰ সময়ত আৰু তাৰ পিছত মহিলাৰ প্ৰসৱৰ পূৰ্বে, প্ৰসৱৰ সময়ত আৰু প্ৰসৱৰ পিছৰ যত্নত ব্যাঘাত জন্মিব পাৰে।<ref name="pmid21375788" /> প্ৰাকৃতিক দুৰ্যোগৰ ফলত ক্ষতিগ্ৰস্ত মহিলাসকলৰ ভিতৰত জন্মৰ সময়ত কম ওজনৰ শিশু, অকালতে জন্ম লোৱা আৰু মূৰৰ পৰিধি কম হোৱা শিশুৰ হাৰ যথেষ্ট বেছি।<ref name="pmid21629495" /><ref name="pmid20502312">{{cite journal |author1=American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Committee on Health Care for Underserved Women |date=June 2010 |title=Committee Opinions No. 457: Preparing for Disasters: Perspectives on Women |journal=Obstetrics & Gynecology |volume=115 |issue=6 |pages=1339–1342 |doi=10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181e45a6f |pmid=20502312|doi-access=free }}</ref> === চৰকাৰ আৰু ভোটদান প্ৰক্ৰিয়াৰ ওপৰত === {{quote frame|খাদ্য-পানীৰ বাবে সকলোৱে হাহাকাৰ কৰিছে। খাদ্য, পানী, ইন্ধন নাই। নিৰুদ্দেশ হৈছে চৰকাৰ। |২০১৮ চনৰ চুলাৱেছিত ভূমিকম্প আৰু ছুনামীৰ পিছত সাহায্য কৰ্মী লিয়ান গগালী।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/10/8/indonesia-earthquake-and-tsunami-all-the-latest-updates|title=Indonesia earthquake and tsunami: All the latest updates|website=www.aljazeera.com|access-date=2020-12-29|archive-date=2020-12-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201226070037/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/10/8/indonesia-earthquake-and-tsunami-all-the-latest-updates|url-status=live}}</ref>|align=right|width=20em}} দুৰ্যোগে চৰকাৰী ক্ষমতাক জোৰ দিয়ে, কিয়নো চৰকাৰে ৰুটিনৰ লগতে জৰুৰীকালীন অভিযান চলাবলৈ চেষ্টা কৰে।<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Clarke |first1=Daniel J. |url=https://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/32368 |title=Dull Disasters? How planning ahead will make a difference |last2=Dercon |first2=Stefan |date=2016 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-878557-6 |language=English |access-date=2021-10-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211004224335/https://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/32368 |archive-date=2021-10-04 |url-status=live}}</ref> ভোটদান আচৰণৰ কিছুমান তত্ত্ববিদে প্ৰস্তাৱ দিয়ে যে নাগৰিকসকলে দুৰ্যোগৰ প্ৰতি সঁহাৰিৰ ওপৰত ভিত্তি কৰি চৰকাৰী ফলপ্ৰসূতাৰ বিষয়ে তথ্য আপডেট কৰক, যিয়ে পৰৱৰ্তী নিৰ্বাচনত তেওঁলোকৰ ভোটৰ পছন্দত প্ৰভাৱ পেলায়।<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Ashworth |first1=Scott |last2=Bueno de Mesquita |first2=Ethan |last3=Friedenberg |first3=Amanda |date=May 2017 |title=Accountability and Information in Elections |url=https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/mic.20150349 |url-status=live |journal=American Economic Journal: Microeconomics |language=en |volume=9 |issue=2 |pages=95–138 |doi=10.1257/mic.20150349 |s2cid=17843113 |issn=1945-7669 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211004225730/https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257%2Fmic.20150349 |archive-date=2021-10-04 |access-date=2022-04-18}}</ref> সঁচাকৈয়ে, আমেৰিকাৰ তথ্যৰ ভিত্তিত কিছুমান প্ৰমাণে প্ৰকাশ কৰে যে যদিহে নাগৰিকে তেওঁলোকক দুৰ্যোগৰ প্ৰতি সঁহাৰি জনোৱাৰ বাবে দায়ী বুলি অনুভৱ কৰে<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Gasper |first1=John T. |last2=Reeves |first2=Andrew |date=April 2011 |title=Make It Rain? Retrospection and the Attentive Electorate in the Context of Natural Disasters |journal=American Journal of Political Science |volume=55 |issue=2 |pages=340–355 |doi=10.1111/j.1540-5907.2010.00503.x |jstor=23025055}}</ref> বা ভালদৰে সম্পন্ন কৰা সাহায্য কামৰ ধাৰণাসমূহৰ ভিত্তিত ভোট লাভ কৰে তেন্তে বৰ্তমানৰ দলসমূহে ভোট হেৰুৱাব পাৰে।<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last1=Healy |first1=Andrew |last2=Malhotra |first2=Neil |date=August 2009 |title=Myopic Voters and Natural Disaster Policy |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/american-political-science-review/article/abs/myopic-voters-and-natural-disaster-policy/039708A3223EC114365ADF56F1D26423 |url-status=live |journal=American Political Science Review |language=en |volume=103 |issue=3 |pages=387–406 |doi=10.1017/S0003055409990104 |issn=1537-5943 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211004224325/https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/american-political-science-review/article/abs/myopic-voters-and-natural-disaster-policy/039708A3223EC114365ADF56F1D26423 |archive-date=2021-10-04 |access-date=2021-10-04 |s2cid=32422707}}</ref> পিছৰ অধ্যয়নটোৱে এইটোও প্ৰকাশ কৰিছে যে অৱশ্যে ভোটাৰসকলে দুৰ্যোগৰ বাবে প্ৰস্তুতিৰ বাবে বৰ্তমানৰ দলসমূহক পুৰস্কৃত নকৰে, যাৰ ফলত এনে প্ৰস্তুতিত বিনিয়োগ কৰিবলৈ চৰকাৰী প্ৰৰোচনাত প্ৰভাৱ পৰিব পাৰে।<ref name=":0" /> কিন্তু আমেৰিকাৰ ওপৰত ভিত্তি কৰিও আন প্ৰমাণ পোৱা গৈছে যে নাগৰিকে কেৱল প্ৰতিক্ৰিয়া প্ৰকাশ কৰি প্ৰাকৃতিক দুৰ্যোগৰ পিছত হোৱা কষ্টৰ বাবে বৰ্তমানৰ দলটোক দোষাৰোপ কৰিব পাৰে, যাৰ ফলত বৰ্তমানৰ পক্ষই ভোট হেৰুৱাব পাৰে।<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Achen |first1=Christopher |url=https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9781400888740-007/html |title=Blind Retrospection: Electoral Responses to Droughts, Floods, and Shark Attacks |last2=Bartels |first2=Larry |year=2017 |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-1-4008-8874-0 |language=en |doi=10.1515/9781400888740-007 |access-date=2021-10-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211004224328/https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9781400888740-007/html |archive-date=2021-10-04 |url-status=live}}</ref> ভাৰতৰ এটা অধ্যয়নত দেখা গৈছে যে যিবোৰ অঞ্চলত বাতৰি কাকতৰ বাতৰি, নিৰ্বাচনী ভোটদান, আৰু সাক্ষৰতা বেছি, সেইবোৰ অঞ্চলত দুৰ্যোগৰ পিছত বৰ্তমানৰ দলসমূহে অধিক সকাহ প্ৰদান কৰে – লেখকসকলে যুক্তি আগবঢ়ায় যে এই ফলাফলসমূহে ইংগিত দিয়ে যে বৰ্তমানৰ দলসমূহে অধিক ৰাজনৈতিকভাৱে অৱগত নাগৰিক থকা অঞ্চলসমূহৰ প্ৰতি সাহায্যৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত অধিক সঁহাৰি জনায় যিয়ে তেওঁলোকক দুৰ্বল সাহায্যৰ বাবে শাস্তি দিয়াৰ সম্ভাৱনা বেছি হ’ব।<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Besley |first1=Timothy |last2=Burgess |first2=Robin |date=2001-05-01 |title=Political agency, government responsiveness and the role of the media |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0014292101001337 |url-status=live |journal=European Economic Review |series=15th Annual Congress of the European Economic Association |language=en |volume=45 |issue=4 |pages=629–640 |doi=10.1016/S0014-2921(01)00133-7 |issn=0014-2921 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200623231654/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0014292101001337 |archive-date=2020-06-23 |access-date=2021-10-04}}</ref> ৰাজ্যৰ ভিতৰত হোৱা হিংসাত্মক সংঘাতে ৰাজ্য, সম্প্ৰদায় আৰু ব্যক্তিৰ দুৰ্যোগ সাহায্য প্ৰদানৰ ক্ষমতা দুৰ্বল কৰি প্ৰাকৃতিক দুৰ্যোগৰ প্ৰভাৱ আৰু অধিক বৃদ্ধি কৰিব পাৰে। প্ৰাকৃতিক দুৰ্যোগেও ৰাজ্যসমূহৰ বিদ্ৰোহীৰ বিৰুদ্ধে যুঁজ দিয়াৰ ক্ষমতা দুৰ্বল কৰি ৰাজ্যৰ ভিতৰত চলি থকা সংঘাত আৰু অধিক ভয়াৱহ কৰি তুলিব পাৰে।<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Nel |first1=Philip |last2=Righarts |first2=Marjolein |date=1 March 2008 |title=Natural Disasters and the Risk of Violent Civil Conflict |journal=International Studies Quarterly |volume=52 |issue=1 |pages=159–185 |citeseerx=10.1.1.408.6031 |doi=10.1111/j.1468-2478.2007.00495.x |jstor=29734228}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Brancati |first1=Dawn |date=October 2007 |title=Political Aftershocks: The Impact of Earthquakes on Intrastate Conflict |journal=Journal of Conflict Resolution |volume=51 |issue=5 |pages=715–743 |doi=10.1177/0022002707305234 |jstor=27638575 |ssrn=2558790 |id={{ProQuest|224558525}} |s2cid=154551510}}</ref> চীন আৰু জাপানৰ ইতিহাসত বৃহৎ প্ৰাকৃতিক দুৰ্যোগৰ পিছত যুগৰ নাম বা ৰাজধানী চহৰ আৰু সম্ৰাটৰ ৰাজপ্ৰসাদ সলনি কৰাটো নিয়মিত হৈ আহিছে, মূলতঃ জনসাধাৰণৰ কষ্টৰ সৈতে জড়িত হোৱা আৰু উত্তাল ভয়ৰ দৰে ৰাজনৈতিক কাৰণত (অৰ্থাৎ পূব এছিয়াৰ চৰকাৰী বুৰঞ্জীত এনে আশংকাক পৰিৱৰ্তনৰ প্ৰয়োজনীয় অভাগ্যৰ নাম বা ঠাই হিচাপে নিম্ন প্ৰফাইলভাৱে লিপিবদ্ধ কৰা হৈছিল)।<ref>{{cite web |date=September 3, 2018 |title=Name of Japan's next era to avoid initial letters used to refer to past four eras |url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2018/09/03/national/name-japans-next-era-avoid-initial-letters-used-refer-past-four-eras/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181004103819/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2018/09/03/national/name-japans-next-era-avoid-initial-letters-used-refer-past-four-eras/ |archive-date=October 4, 2018 |access-date=October 4, 2018 |website=The Japan Times |archivedate=October 4, 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181004103819/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2018/09/03/national/name-japans-next-era-avoid-initial-letters-used-refer-past-four-eras/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref> == ভূতাত্ত্বিক বিপদৰ ফলত সৃষ্টি হোৱা দুৰ্যোগ == === ভূমিস্খলন === {{excerpt|ভূমিস্খলন}} {{see also|ভূমিস্খলনৰ তালিকা|হিমস্খলনৰ তালিকা}} [[File:Wikipedia Landslide.jpg|thumb|কেলিফৰ্ণিয়াৰ ছান মাটিও কাউণ্টিত ভূমিস্খলন]] === হিমস্খলন === {{excerpt|হিমস্খলন|paragraphs=1-2, 5}} === ভূমিকম্প === {{main|ভূমিকম্প}} {{see also|ভূমিকম্পৰ তালিকা|মাটিৰ তৰলীকৰণ}} [[Image:Sanfranciscoearthquake1906.jpg|thumb|right|১৯০৬ চনত ভূমিকম্পৰ ফলত ছান ফ্ৰান্সিস্কো বিধ্বস্ত হয়]] [[File:Earthquake-deaths.png|thumb|বিশ্বজুৰি ভূমিকম্পত মৃত্যু হোৱা লোকৰ সংখ্যা (১৯৬০–২০১৭)]] [[File:Number of recorded earthquake disaster events from 1901, OWID.png|thumb|বিশ্বজুৰি ৰেকৰ্ড কৰা ভূমিকম্পৰ সংখ্যা (১৯০১–২০১৯)]] [[ভূমিকম্প]] হ’ল হৈছে পৃথিৱীৰ ভূগৰ্ভৰ অশ্মমণ্ডলত হঠাতে শক্তি মুক্ত হোৱাৰ ফলত ভূ-পৃষ্ঠত সৃষ্টি হোৱা জোকাৰণি। পৃথিৱীৰ পৃষ্ঠত কম্পন, কঁপনি, আৰু কেতিয়াবা মাটিৰ বিচ্যুতিৰ দ্বাৰা ভূমিকম্পৰ প্ৰকাশ পায়। ভূতাত্ত্বিক [[চ্যুতি (ভূতাত্ত্বিক)|চ্যুতিৰ]] ভিতৰত পিছলি যোৱাৰ ফলত ভূমিকম্পৰ সৃষ্টি হয়। ভূমিকম্পৰ উৎপত্তিস্থল ভূগৰ্ভস্থ বিন্দুটোক ভূমিকম্পীয় কেন্দ্ৰ বোলা হয়। পৃষ্ঠত কেন্দ্ৰৰ পোনে পোনে ওপৰৰ বিন্দুটোক এপিচেণ্টাৰ বোলা হয়। ভূমিকম্পই নিজেই মানুহ বা বন্যপ্ৰাণীৰ মৃত্যু খুব কমেইহে কৰে – সাধাৰণতে ইয়াৰ ফলত হোৱা গৌণ পৰিঘটনা, যেনে অট্টালিকাৰ ভাঙি পৰা, জুই, [[ছুনামি]] আৰু আগ্নেয়গিৰিৰ বিস্ফোৰণ আদিয়েই মৃত্যুৰ কাৰণ হয়। ইয়াৰে বহুতো সম্ভৱতঃ উন্নত নিৰ্মাণ, সুৰক্ষা ব্যৱস্থা, আগতীয়া সতৰ্কবাণী আৰু পৰিকল্পনাৰ দ্বাৰা এৰাই চলিব পাৰি। === ছিংকহ'ল === {{main|ছিংকহ'ল}} {{see also|ছিংকহ'লৰ তালিকা}}পৃষ্ঠীয় স্তৰৰ কোনো ধৰণৰ ধ্বংসৰ ফলত মাটিত হোৱা বিষণ্ণতা বা ফুটাক '''ছিংকহ'ল''' বোলে। যেতিয়া প্ৰাকৃতিক খহনীয়া, মানুহৰ খনন বা মাটিৰ তলৰ খননে মাটিক অতি দুৰ্বল কৰি পেলায়, যাৰ ফলত ইয়াৰ ওপৰত নিৰ্মিত গঠনবোৰক সহায় কৰিব নোৱাৰি, তেতিয়া মাটি ভাঙি ছিঙিব পাৰে। উদাহৰণস্বৰূপে, ২০১০ চনত গুৱেটামালা চহৰৰ ছিংকহ'লত এজনৰ মৃত্যু হৈছিল, যেতিয়া ট্ৰপিকেল ষ্টৰ্ম আগাথাৰ পৰা হোৱা প্ৰচণ্ড বৰষুণৰ ফলত পাইপ লিক হৈ পিউমিচ বেডড্ৰকলৈ ডাইভাৰ্ট কৰা হৈছিল, যাৰ ফলত এটা কাৰখানাৰ অট্টালিকাৰ তলৰ মাটি হঠাতে ভাঙি পৰিছিল।<ref>{{Cite news |last=Tuckman |first=Jo |date=2010-06-03 |title=Guatemala City residents fearful after factory disappears into sinkhole |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/jun/03/guatemala-city-sinkhole |access-date=2024-01-07 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> === উপকূলীয় খহনীয়া === {{see also|উপকূলীয় ব্যৱস্থাপনা|ভূ-ৰূপ#উপকূলীয় আৰু সাগৰীয় ভূ-ৰূপ|উপকূলীয় উন্নয়নৰ বিপদ|উপকূলীয় ভূগোল|উপকূলীয় অভিযান্ত্ৰিক বিদ্যা|উপকূলীয় ৰূপগতিবিদ্যা|জৈৱ খহনীয়া|l2=উপকূলীয় আৰু সাগৰীয় ভূ-ৰূপ}} উপকূলীয় খহনীয়া হৈছে এক ভৌতিক প্ৰক্ৰিয়া যাৰ দ্বাৰা বিশ্বৰ উপকূলীয় অঞ্চলসমূহৰ তীৰৰেখাসমূহ স্থানান্তৰিত আৰু পৰিৱৰ্তন হয়, মূলতঃ জোৱাৰ আৰু ধুমুহাৰ ঢৌৰ দ্বাৰা প্ৰভাৱিত হ’ব পৰা ঢৌ আৰু সোঁতৰ প্ৰতিক্ৰিয়াত।<ref>{{cite book |last1=Komar |first1=Paul D. |title=CRC handbook of coastal processes and erosion |date=1983 |publisher=[[CRC Press]] |isbn=9780849302251}}</ref> উপকূলীয় খহনীয়া দীৰ্ঘম্যাদী প্ৰক্ৰিয়াৰ ফলত হ'ব পাৰে ([[বালিয়াতটৰ বিৱৰ্তন]]ও চাওক) লগতে গ্ৰীষ্মমণ্ডলীয় ঘূৰ্ণীবতাহৰ দৰে এপিচ'ডিক পৰিঘটনা বা অন্যান্য গুৰুতৰ ধুমুহাৰ পৰিঘটনাৰ ফলত হ'ব পাৰে। উপকূলীয় খহনীয়া উপকূলীয় বিপদসমূহৰ ভিতৰত অন্যতম। ই আন্তঃগাঁথনি, মূলধনী সম্পত্তি আৰু সম্পত্তিৰ প্ৰতি ভাবুকিৰ সৃষ্টি কৰে। === আগ্নেয়গিৰিৰ উদ্গিৰণ === {{see also|আগ্নেয়গিৰিৰ উদ্গিৰণৰ প্ৰকাৰ|বৃহত্তম আগ্নেয়গিৰিৰ উদ্গিৰণৰ তালিকা}} [[Image:Puu Oo cropped.jpg|thumb|right|পুউ ও]] [[আগ্নেয়গিৰি|আগ্নেয়গিৰিয়ে]] কেইবাটাও দিশত ব্যাপক ধ্বংস আৰু ফলস্বৰূপে দুৰ্যোগৰ সৃষ্টি কৰিব পাৰে। এটা বিপদ হ’ল আগ্নেয়গিৰিৰ উদ্গিৰণ নিজেই, বিস্ফোৰণৰ বল আৰু সৰি পৰা শিলে ক্ষতি কৰিবলৈ সক্ষম হয়। আগ্নেয়গিৰিৰ বিস্ফোৰণৰ সময়তো লাভা নিৰ্গত হ’ব পাৰে; আগ্নেয়গিৰিৰ পৰা ওলাই যোৱাৰ লগে লগে ইয়াৰ অতি উত্তাপৰ বাবে অট্টালিকা, উদ্ভিদ আৰু জীৱ-জন্তু ধ্বংস কৰিব পাৰে। ইয়াৰ উপৰিও আগ্নেয়গিৰিৰ ছাই ডাৱৰ গঠন কৰিব পাৰে (সাধাৰণতে ঠাণ্ডা হোৱাৰ পিছত) আৰু ওচৰৰ স্থানত ডাঠকৈ বসতি স্থাপন কৰিব পাৰে। পানীৰ লগত মিহলি হ’লে ইয়াৰ দ্বাৰা কংক্ৰিটৰ দৰে পদাৰ্থ গঠন হয়। পৰ্যাপ্ত পৰিমাণে ছাইৰ ওজনৰ ফলত ছাদ ভাঙিব পাৰে। কম পৰিমাণেও উশাহ ল’লে মানুহৰ ক্ষতি হ’ব – ইয়াৰ স্থায়িত্ব পিহি লোৱা কাঁচৰ দৰে আৰু সেয়েহে ডিঙি আৰু হাওঁফাওঁত ছিদ্ৰ হয়। আগ্নেয়গিৰিৰ ছাই চলন্ত যন্ত্ৰ যেনে ইঞ্জিনৰ ঘৰ্ষণৰ ক্ষতিও কৰিব পাৰে। আগ্নেয়গিৰিৰ উদ্গিৰণৰ ওচৰৰ চৌপাশত মানুহৰ মূল হত্যাকাৰী হ’ল পাইৰ’ক্লাষ্টিক প্ৰবাহ, যিটো গৰম ছাইৰ ডাৱৰেৰে গঠিত যি আগ্নেয়গিৰিৰ ওপৰৰ বতাহত জমা হৈ পৰে আৰু যেতিয়া বিস্ফোৰণে গেছবোৰ উঠাবলৈ আৰু সমৰ্থন নকৰে তেতিয়া ঢালৰ পৰা তললৈ লৰালৰিকৈ তললৈ নামি যায়। বিশ্বাস কৰা হয় যে পম্পেই পাইৰ’ক্লাষ্টিক প্ৰবাহৰ ফলত ধ্বংস হৈছিল। লাহাৰ হৈছে আগ্নেয়গিৰিৰ বোকা বা ভূমিস্খলন। ১৯৫৩ চনত টাংগীৱাই দুৰ্যোগৰ ফলত এটা লাহাৰৰ ফলত হোৱা দুৰ্যোগৰ লগতে ১৯৮৫ চনৰ আৰ্মেৰোৰ ট্ৰেজেডীত আৰ্মেৰো চহৰক সমাধিস্থ কৰা হৈছিল আৰু আনুমানিক ২৩ হাজাৰ লোকৰ মৃত্যু হৈছিল। আগ্নেয়গিৰিৰ উদ্গিৰণ সূচকাংকত ৮ (সৰ্বোচ্চ স্তৰ) ৰেটিং পোৱা আগ্নেয়গিৰিবোৰক ছুপাৰভলকেন বুলি জনা যায়। টোবা কেটাষ্ট্ৰফ তত্ত্বৰ মতে, ৭৫,০০০ৰ পৰা ৮০,০০০ বছৰ আগতে সুমাট্ৰাৰ বৰ্তমানৰ টোবা হ্ৰদত হোৱা ছুপাৰভলকেনিক বিস্ফোৰণৰ ফলত মানুহৰ জনসংখ্যা ১০,০০০ বা আনকি ১০০০টা প্ৰজনন যোৰলৈ হ্ৰাস পাইছিল, যাৰ ফলত মানুহৰ বিৱৰ্তনত বটলনেকৰ সৃষ্টি হৈছিল<ref>{{cite news |last1=GibbonsJan. 19 |first1=Ann |title=Human Ancestors Were an Endangered Species |url=https://www.science.org/content/article/human-ancestors-were-endangered-species |work=Science |publisher=AAAS |date=19 January 2010 |access-date=29 December 2020 |archive-date=8 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201208042514/https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2010/01/human-ancestors-were-endangered-species |url-status=live }}</ref> আৰু সকলোৰে তিনি চতুৰ্থাংশৰ মৃত্যু হৈছিল উত্তৰ গোলাৰ্ধত উদ্ভিদ জীৱন। কিন্তু এই তত্ত্বৰ সত্যতাক লৈ যথেষ্ট বিতৰ্ক চলি আছে। ছুপাৰভলকেনৰ পৰা হোৱা মূল বিপদ হ’ল ছাইৰ বিশাল ডাৱৰ, যিয়ে বহু বছৰ ধৰি জলবায়ু আৰু উষ্ণতাৰ ওপৰত বিশ্বব্যাপী বিপৰ্যয়জনক প্ৰভাৱ পেলাইছে। == পানীৰ বিপদৰ ফলত সৃষ্টি হোৱা দুৰ্যোগ == [[File:Limpopo.jpg|thumb|২০০০ চনৰ মোজাম্বিক বানপানীৰ সময়ত লিম্পোপো নদী]] জলবিজ্ঞান দুৰ্যোগ হ’ল পৃথিৱীৰ পানীৰ গুণাগুণ বা ভূপৃষ্ঠৰ তলৰ স্থলভাগত বা বায়ুমণ্ডলত পানীৰ বিতৰণ বা গতিবিধিৰ হিংস্ৰ, হঠাৎ আৰু ধ্বংসাত্মক পৰিৱৰ্তন। === বানপানী === {{main|বানপানী}} {{see also|বানপানীৰ তালিকা}} [[বানপানী]] হ'ল সাধাৰণ পৰিস্থিতিত শুকান হৈ থকা পৃথিৱীৰ স্থলভাগ জলমগ্ন হোৱা অৱস্থা। সাধাৰণতে কোনো হ্ৰদ বা নদীৰ পানী বাঢ়ি ওফন্দি বানপানীৰ সৃষ্টি কৰে।<ref>MSN Encarta Dictionary. [http://encarta.msn.com/encnet/features/dictionary/DictionaryResults.aspx?refid=1861612277 Flood.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110204203836/http://encarta.msn.com/encnet/features/dictionary/DictionaryResults.aspx?refid=1861612277 |date=2011-02-04 }} Retrieved on 2006-12-28. 2009-10-31.</ref> ইউৰোপীয় ইউনিয়নৰ বান নিৰ্দেশনাই বানপানীৰ সংজ্ঞা দিয়ে যে সাধাৰণতে পানীৰে শুকান ভূমিক অস্থায়ীভাৱে আৱৰি ৰখা।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2007:288:0027:0034:EN:PDF|title=Directive 2007/60/EC Chapter 1 Article2|access-date=2011-11-14|archive-date=2015-11-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151106094442/http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2007:288:0027:0034:EN:PDF|url-status=live}}</ref> ‘প্ৰবাহিত পানী’ৰ অৰ্থত এই শব্দটো জোৱাৰ-ভাটাৰ প্ৰবাহৰ ক্ষেত্ৰতো প্ৰয়োগ হ’ব পাৰে। [[নদী]] বা হ্ৰদৰ দৰে পানীৰ আয়তন সাধাৰণতকৈ বেছি হোৱাৰ ফলত বানপানীৰ সৃষ্টি হ’ব পাৰে, যাৰ ফলত পানীৰ কিছু অংশ সাধাৰণ সীমাৰ পৰা ওলাই যাব পাৰে।<ref>Glossary of Meteorology (June 2000). [http://amsglossary.allenpress.com/glossary/search?id=flood1 Flood.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070824054504/http://amsglossary.allenpress.com/glossary/search?id=flood1 |date=2007-08-24 }} Retrieved on 2009-01-09.</ref> বৰষুণৰ ঋতুভিত্তিক পৰিৱৰ্তন আৰু বৰফ গলি যোৱাৰ লগে লগে হ্ৰদ বা অন্য পানীৰ আকাৰ ভিন্ন হ'ব যদিও বানপানীক গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ বুলি গণ্য কৰা নহয় যদিহে পানীয়ে মানুহে ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা মাটি, যেনে গাঁও, চহৰ বা অন্যান্য বসতিপ্ৰধান অঞ্চল, পথ বা কৃষিভূমিৰ বিস্তৃত অঞ্চল সামৰি লোৱা নাই। === ছুনামি === [[File:1755 Lisbon earthquake.jpg|thumb|right|300x300px|১৭৫৫ চনৰ লিছবন ভূমিকম্পৰ পিছত ধ্বংসাৱশেষ আৰু জুইৰ শিখাত লিছবনক চিত্ৰিত কৰা তামত অংকন কৰা ছবি। বন্দৰত থকা জাহাজবোৰক আগুৰি ধৰা ছুনামি। ]] {{main|ছুনামি}} {{see also|ঐতিহাসিক ছুনামিৰ তালিকা}} ছুনামি এটা জাপানী শব্দ। ছু (Tsu) মানে বন্দৰ আৰু নামি (nami) মানে ঢৌ। ছুনামিৰ অৰ্থ হ'ল সাগৰৰ বিশাল ঢৌ। বিশেষ কেইটামান কাৰণত সমুদ্ৰ-তৰংগ যেতিয়া উপকূলভাগত আছাৰ খাই পৰি মহাতংৰগলৈ ৰূপান্তৰিত হয়,তাকে ছুনামি কোৱা হয়। ছুনামি হ'ল প্ৰবল জলোচ্ছ্বাস। সকলো ছুনামি ভয়াবহ নহয়। সমুদ্ৰ গৰ্ভত হোৱা ভূমিকম্প,নিমজ্জিত আগ্নেয়গিৰিৰ আকস্মিক উদগীৰণ,ভূমিস্খলন আদি কাৰণত সাধাৰণতে [[ছুনামি|ছুনামিৰ]] সৃষ্টি হয়। ২০০৪ চনৰ বক্সিং ডে’ৰ চুনামীৰ দৰে সাগৰৰ তলৰ ভূমিকম্পৰ ফলত বা ১৯৫৮ চনত আলাস্কাৰ লিটুয়া উপসাগৰত হোৱা ভূমিস্খলনৰ ফলত বা চেণ্টোৰিনিৰ প্ৰাচীন উদগীৰণৰ দৰে আগ্নেয়গিৰিৰ উদগীৰণৰ ফলত চুনামী হ’ব পাৰে। ২০১১ চনৰ ১১ মাৰ্চত জাপানৰ ফুকছিমাৰ ওচৰত ছুনামী সংঘটিত হৈ প্ৰশান্ত মহাসাগৰৰ মাজেৰে বিয়পি পৰে। === লিমনিক উদ্গিৰণ === {{main|লিমনিক উদ্গিৰণ}} লিমনিক বিস্ফোৰণ, যাক হ্ৰদৰ ওলোটা বুলিও কোৱা হয়, তেতিয়া হ্ৰদৰ গভীৰ পানীৰ পৰা হঠাতে গেছ, সাধাৰণতে [[কাৰ্বন ডাই অক্সাইড]], বিস্ফোৰণ ঘটে, যাৰ ফলত বন্যপ্ৰাণী, পশুধন আৰু মানুহৰ শ্বাসৰুদ্ধকৰ ভাবুকি আহি পৰে। এনে বিস্ফোৰণেও হ্ৰদটোত চুনামীৰ সৃষ্টি কৰিব পাৰে কাৰণ বৃদ্ধি পোৱা গেছে পানী স্থানান্তৰিত কৰে। বিজ্ঞানীসকলৰ মতে ভূমিস্খলন, বিস্ফোৰণ বা [[আগ্নেয়গিৰি|আগ্নেয়গিৰিৰ]] কাৰ্যকলাপে এনে উদ্গিৰণৰ সূচনা কৰিব পাৰে। আজিলৈকে মাত্ৰ দুটা লিমনিক বিস্ফোৰণহে পৰ্যবেক্ষণ আৰু ৰেকৰ্ড কৰা হৈছে। ১৯৮৪ চনত কেমেৰুণত মনোউন হ্ৰদত লিমনিক বিস্ফোৰণৰ ফলত ওচৰৰ ৩৭জন বাসিন্দাৰ মৃত্যু হয়; ১৯৮৬ চনত ওচৰৰ নিয়ছ হ্ৰদত বহুত ডাঙৰ বিস্ফোৰণত ১৭০০ৰ পৰা ১৮০০ লোকৰ মৃত্যু হয়। == চৰম বতৰৰ বিপদৰ ফলত হোৱা দুৰ্যোগ == === গৰম আৰু শুকান অৱস্থা === ==== তাপপ্ৰবাহ ==== {{main|তাপপ্ৰবাহ}} {{see also|তাপপ্ৰবাহৰ তালিকা}} তাপপ্ৰবাহ হ’ল অস্বাভাৱিক আৰু অত্যধিক উষ্ণ বতৰৰ সময়ছোৱা। তাপপ্ৰবাহ বিৰল আৰু ইয়াৰ বাবে বতৰৰ পৰিঘটনাৰ নিৰ্দিষ্ট সংমিশ্ৰণৰ প্ৰয়োজন হয়, আৰু ইয়াৰ ভিতৰত উষ্ণতাৰ ওলোটা, কাটাবাটিক বতাহ বা অন্যান্য পৰিঘটনাও থাকিব পাৰে। শেহতীয়া ইতিহাসৰ আটাইতকৈ বেয়া গৰমৰ ঢৌ আছিল ২০০৩ চনৰ ইউৰোপীয় গৰমৰ ঢৌ। অষ্ট্ৰেলিয়াৰ ভিক্টোৰিয়াত গ্ৰীষ্মকালীন গৰমৰ ঢৌৱে এনে পৰিস্থিতিৰ সৃষ্টি কৰিছিল যিয়ে ২০০৯ চনত হোৱা বৃহৎ জোপোহা জুইক ইন্ধন যোগাইছিল। মেলবৰ্ণত একেৰাহে তিনিদিন ৪০ ডিগ্ৰী চেলছিয়াছ (১০৪ ডিগ্ৰী ফাৰেনহাইট)তকৈ অধিক উষ্ণতা দেখা গৈছিল, কিছুমান আঞ্চলিক অঞ্চল বহু বেছি উষ্ণতাৰ মাজেৰে ফুলি উঠে। সামূহিকভাৱে "ব্লেক চেটাৰ্ডে" নামেৰে জনাজাত এই জোপোহাৰ জুই আংশিকভাৱে অগ্নিসংযোগকাৰীৰ কাৰ্য্য আছিল। ২০১০ চনৰ উত্তৰ গোলাৰ্ধৰ গ্ৰীষ্মকালত তীব্ৰ গৰমৰ ঢৌৰ সৃষ্টি হৈছিল আৰু ইয়াৰ ফলত ২০০০ৰো অধিক লোকৰ মৃত্যু হৈছিল। গৰমৰ ফলত শ শ বন্য অগ্নিকাণ্ড সংঘটিত হয় যাৰ ফলত ব্যাপক বায়ু প্ৰদূষণ হোৱাৰ লগতে হাজাৰ হাজাৰ বৰ্গ কিলোমিটাৰ বনাঞ্চল জ্বলি যায়। ==== খৰাং ==== {{main|খৰাং}} {{see also|খৰাঙৰ তালিকা}} {{excerpt|খৰাং|paragraphs=1|file=no}} সুপৰিচিত ঐতিহাসিক খৰাংসমূহৰ ভিতৰত ১৯৯৭–২০০৯ চনত অষ্ট্ৰেলিয়াত হোৱা সহস্ৰাব্দৰ খৰাং পৰিস্থিতিয়ে দেশখনৰ বহু অংশত পানী যোগানৰ সংকটৰ সৃষ্টি কৰিছিল। ফলত প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে বহুতো ডিচেলাইনেচন প্লাণ্ট নিৰ্মাণ কৰা হ’ল। ২০১১ চনত টেক্সাছ ৰাজ্যই গোটেই কেলেণ্ডাৰ বৰ্ষটো খৰাং জৰুৰীকালীন ঘোষণাৰ অধীনত জীয়াই আছিল আৰু যথেষ্ট অৰ্থনৈতিক ক্ষতিৰ সন্মুখীন হৈছিল।<ref>{{cite web |title=Billion-Dollar Weather and Climate Disasters: Events &#124; National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) |url=http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/billions/events |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140401025100/http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/billions/events |archive-date=2014-04-01 |access-date=2015-03-20 |website=www.ncdc.noaa.gov}}</ref> খৰাং পৰিস্থিতিৰ ফলত বাষ্ট্ৰ’পৰ জুই লাগে। ==== ধূলিৰ ধুমুহা ==== {{excerpt|ধূলিৰ ধুমুহা|paragraphs=1|file=no}} ==== জুইৰ ধুমুহা ==== {{excerpt|জুইৰ ধুমুহা|paragraphs=1|file=no}} ==== বনজুই ==== [[File:The Rim Fire in the Stanislaus National Forest near in California began on Aug. 17, 2013-0004.jpg|thumb|right|upright=1.2|কেলিফৰ্ণিয়াত বনজুই। ]] {{main|বনজুই}} {{see also|বনজুইৰ তালিকা}} বনজুই হৈছে বৃহৎ জুই যি প্ৰায়ে বন্যভূমি অঞ্চলৰ পৰা আৰম্ভ হয়। সাধাৰণ কাৰণসমূহৰ ভিতৰত বজ্ৰপাত আৰু খৰাং আদি যদিও মানুহৰ গাফিলতি বা অগ্নিসংযোগৰ ফলতো বনজুই আৰম্ভ হ’ব পাৰে। জনবসতিপূৰ্ণ অঞ্চললৈ বিয়পিব পাৰে আৰু এইদৰে মানুহ আৰু সম্পত্তিৰ লগতে বন্যপ্ৰাণীৰ বাবেও ভাবুকি হ’ব পাৰে। উল্লেখযোগ্য বন্য অগ্নিকাণ্ডৰ ভিতৰত ১৮৭১ চনত আমেৰিকাত হোৱা পেষ্টিগো অগ্নিকাণ্ড, য’ত কমেও ১৭০০ লোকৰ মৃত্যু হৈছিল আৰু ২০০৯ চনত অষ্ট্ৰেলিয়াত হোৱা ভিক্টোৰিয়ান যুগৰ জোপোহা জুই।<ref>{{cite web |title=2009 Victorian Bushfires {{!}} Victorian Government |url=http://www.vic.gov.au/2009-bushfires |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210428081631/https://www.vic.gov.au/2009-bushfires |archive-date=2021-04-28 |access-date=2021-04-25 |website=www.vic.gov.au |language=en |archivedate=2021-04-28 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210428081631/https://www.vic.gov.au/2009-bushfires |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=US Department of Commerce |first=NOAA |title=The Peshtigo Fire |url=https://www.weather.gov/grb/peshtigofire |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210425083245/https://www.weather.gov/grb/peshtigofire |archive-date=2021-04-25 |access-date=2021-04-25 |website=www.weather.gov |language=EN-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Massive fire burns in Wisconsin |url=https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/massive-fire-burns-in-wisconsin |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415163821/https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/massive-fire-burns-in-wisconsin |archive-date=2021-04-15 |access-date=2021-04-25 |website=History.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=corporateName=National Museum of Australia; address=Lawson Crescent |first=Acton Peninsula |title=National Museum of Australia – Black Saturday bushfires |url=https://www.nma.gov.au/defining-moments/resources/black-saturday-bushfires |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423060348/https://www.nma.gov.au/defining-moments/resources/black-saturday-bushfires |archive-date=2021-04-23 |access-date=2021-04-25 |website=www.nma.gov.au |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Bushfire – Black Saturday, Victoria, 2009 {{!}} Australian Disaster Resilience Knowledge Hub |url=http://knowledge.aidr.org.au/resources/bushfire-black-saturday-victoria-2009/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210326082700/https://knowledge.aidr.org.au/resources/bushfire-black-saturday-victoria-2009/ |archive-date=2021-03-26 |access-date=2021-04-25 |website=knowledge.aidr.org.au}}</ref> === ধুমুহা === ==== ক্ৰান্তীয় ঘূৰ্ণীবতাহ ==== {{see also|ক্ৰান্তীয় ঘূৰ্ণীবতাহ আৰু জলবায়ু পৰিৱৰ্তন}} টাইফুন, ঘূৰ্ণীবতাহ, ঘূৰ্ণীবতাহৰ ধুমুহা আৰু হাৰিকেন একেটা পৰিঘটনাৰ বাবে বেলেগ বেলেগ নাম: সাগৰৰ ওপৰত গঠন হোৱা গ্ৰীষ্মমণ্ডলীয় ধুমুহা। সাগৰৰ পৰা বাষ্পীভৱন হোৱা পানী ওলাই ধুমুহাত পৰিণত হোৱাৰ ফলত ইয়াৰ সৃষ্টি হয়। ইয়াৰ বৈশিষ্ট্য হৈছে প্ৰচণ্ড বতাহ, প্ৰচণ্ড বৰষুণ আৰু ধুমুহা। কোনটো শব্দ ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয় সেইটো নিৰ্ণায়ক কাৰকটো ধুমুহাৰ উৎপত্তি ক’ৰ ওপৰত নিৰ্ভৰ কৰে। আটলাণ্টিক আৰু উত্তৰ-পূব প্ৰশান্ত মহাসাগৰীয় অঞ্চলত "হাৰিকেন" শব্দটো ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়; উত্তৰ-পশ্চিম প্ৰশান্ত মহাসাগৰীয় অঞ্চলত ইয়াক "টাইফুন" বুলি কোৱা হয়; দক্ষিণ প্ৰশান্ত মহাসাগৰ আৰু ভাৰত মহাসাগৰত এটা "ঘূৰ্ণীবতাহ" সংঘটিত হয়। এতিয়ালৈকে হোৱা আটাইতকৈ মাৰাত্মক হাৰিকেন আছিল ১৯৭০ চনৰ ভোলা ঘূৰ্ণীবতাহ; আটাইতকৈ মাৰাত্মক আটলাণ্টিক হাৰিকেন আছিল ১৭৮০ চনৰ গ্ৰেট হাৰিকেন, যিয়ে মাৰ্টিনিক, চেণ্ট ইউষ্টেটিয়াছ আৰু বাৰ্বাডোছক ধ্বংস কৰিছিল। আন এটা উল্লেখযোগ্য হাৰিকেন হ’ল ২০০৫ চনত আমেৰিকাৰ উপসাগৰীয় উপকূল ধ্বংস কৰা হাৰিকেন কেটৰিনা। মানৱৰ দ্বাৰা প্ৰৰোচিত জলবায়ু পৰিৱৰ্তনৰ পৰিণতিত হাৰিকেনে অধিক তীব্ৰতৰ হৈ উঠিব পাৰে আৰু অধিক প্ৰচণ্ড বৰষুণৰ সৃষ্টি কৰিব পাৰে। ==== বজ্ৰপাতৰ ধুমুহা ==== [[File:Cumulonimbus NOAA gov.jpg|thumb|right|এটা ক্লাছিক এনভিল আকৃতিৰ, আৰু স্পষ্টভাৱে বিকশিত কুমুলোনিম্বাছ ইনকাছ]] {{main|বজ্ৰপাতৰ ধুমুহা}} তীব্ৰ ধুমুহা, ধূলিৰ ডাৱৰ আৰু আগ্নেয়গিৰিৰ বিস্ফোৰণে বিজুলীৰ সৃষ্টি কৰিব পাৰে। সাধাৰণতে ধুমুহাৰ লগত জড়িত ক্ষতি, যেনে বতাহ, শিলাবৃষ্টি আৰু বানপানীৰ বাহিৰেও বিজুলীৰ ফলত নিজেই অট্টালিকাৰ ক্ষতি হ’ব পাৰে, জুই জ্বলিব পাৰে আৰু প্ৰত্যক্ষ সংস্পৰ্শত মৃত্যু হ’ব পাৰে। বিশেষকৈ মাৰাত্মক বিজুলীৰ কাণ্ডৰ ভিতৰত ২০০৭ চনত উত্তৰ-পশ্চিম পাকিস্তানৰ এখন দুৰ্গম পাহাৰীয়া গাঁও উশ্বৰী দাৰাত হোৱা আক্ৰমণত ৩০জন লোকৰ মৃত্যু হৈছিল; <ref>{{cite news |date=20 July 2007 |title=Lightning kills 30 people in Pakistan's north |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-pakistan-lightning/lightning-kills-30-people-in-pakistans-north-idUSISL17716520070720 |url-status=live |access-date=29 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200404010831/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-pakistan-lightning/lightning-kills-30-people-in-pakistans-north-idUSISL17716520070720 |archive-date=4 April 2020}}</ref> লেনছা বিমান ৫০৮ৰ দুৰ্ঘটনাত ৯১জন লোকৰ মৃত্যু হয়; আৰু ইজিপ্তৰ ড্ৰংকাত ১৯৯৪ চনত বিজুলীৰ ফলত হোৱা ইন্ধন বিস্ফোৰণত ৪৬৯জন লোকৰ মৃত্যু হৈছিল।<ref>{{cite web |title=An appraisal of underground gas storage technologies |url=https://www.hse.gov.uk/research/rrhtm/rr605.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201025143802/https://www.hse.gov.uk/research/rrhtm/rr605.htm |archive-date=2020-10-25 |access-date=2020-12-29 |website=Health and Safety Executive |archivedate=2020-10-25 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201025143802/https://www.hse.gov.uk/research/rrhtm/rr605.htm |deadurl=yes }}</ref> বজ্ৰপাতৰ ফলত হোৱা বেছিভাগ মৃত্যু আমেৰিকা আৰু এছিয়াৰ দৰিদ্ৰ দেশসমূহত হয়, য’ত বিজুলীৰ প্ৰভাৱ সাধাৰণ আৰু এড’ব বোকা ইটাৰ আৱাসই বিশেষ সুৰক্ষা প্ৰদান নকৰে।<ref>{{cite news |date=31 July 2015 |title=Deadly lightning strike in Mexico reveals plight of poorest citizens |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jul/31/deadly-lightning-mexico-government-failure |url-status=live |access-date=17 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170106110244/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jul/31/deadly-lightning-mexico-government-failure |archive-date=6 January 2017}}</ref> ==== টৰ্নেডো ==== [[File:Roping tornado.jpg|thumb|right|upright|ৰছীৰ টৰ্নেডো এটা বিলুপ্ত অৱস্থাত, টেকামছে, ওকলাহোমা। ]] {{see also|টৰ্নেডো আৰু টৰ্নেডোৰ প্ৰাদুৰ্ভাৱৰ তালিকা}} টৰ্নেডো হৈছে পৃথিৱীৰ পৃষ্ঠ আৰু কিউমুলোনিম্বাছ ডাৱৰ বা বিৰল ক্ষেত্ৰত কিউমুলাছ ডাৱৰৰ গুৰি দুয়োটাৰে সংস্পৰ্শত থকা হিংস্ৰ আৰু বিপজ্জনক ঘূৰ্ণনশীল বায়ুৰ স্তম্ভ। ইয়াক টুইষ্টাৰ বা ঘূৰ্ণীবতাহ বুলিও কোৱা হয়<ref>{{cite web |title=Definition of CYCLONE |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/cyclone |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210105190603/https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/cyclone |archive-date=2021-01-05 |access-date=2020-12-29 |website=www.merriam-webster.com}}</ref> যদিও বতৰ বিজ্ঞানত ঘূৰ্ণীবতাহ শব্দটো বহল অৰ্থত যিকোনো বন্ধ নিম্ন চাপৰ পৰিসঞ্চালনক বুজাবলৈ ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়। টৰ্নেডোবোৰ বহু আকৃতি আৰু আকাৰৰ যদিও সাধাৰণতে দৃশ্যমান ঘনীভূতকৰণ ফানেলৰ ৰূপ লয়, যাৰ সংকীৰ্ণ মূৰটোৱে পৃথিৱীখন স্পৰ্শ কৰে আৰু প্ৰায়ে ধ্বংসাৱশেষ আৰু ধূলিৰ ডাৱৰে আগুৰি থাকে। টৰ্নেডো এটা এটাকৈ হ'ব পাৰে, বা ছুপাৰচেলৰ সৈতে জড়িত বৃহৎ টৰ্নেডোৰ প্ৰাদুৰ্ভাৱত বা বজ্ৰপাতৰ বিকাশৰ অন্যান্য বৃহৎ অঞ্চলত হ'ব পাৰে। বেছিভাগ টৰ্নেডোৰ বতাহৰ গতিবেগ ঘণ্টাত ১৮০ কিলোমিটাৰতকৈ কম, ইয়াৰ দৈৰ্ঘ্য প্ৰায় ৭৫ মিটাৰ (২৫০ ফুট) আৰু বিয়পি পৰাৰ আগতে কেইকিলোমিটাৰমান যাত্ৰা কৰে। অতি চৰম টৰ্নেডোৱে বতাহৰ গতিবেগ ঘণ্টাত ৪৮০ কিলোমিটাৰতকৈ অধিক লাভ কৰিব পাৰে, ৩ কিলোমিটাৰতকৈ অধিক দৈৰ্ঘ্য লাভ কৰিব পাৰে আৰু মাটিত হয়তো ১০০ কিলোমিটাৰতকৈও অধিক (৬০ মাইল) থাকিব পাৰে।<ref name="fastest wind">{{cite web |author=Wurman, Joshua |date=2008-08-29 |title=Doppler on Wheels |url=http://cswr.org/dow/DOW.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070205124033/http://www.cswr.org/dow/dow.htm |archive-date=2007-02-05 |access-date=2009-12-13 |publisher=Center for Severe Weather Research |archivedate=2007-02-05 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070205124033/http://www.cswr.org/dow/dow.htm |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref name="widest tornado">{{cite web |date=2005-10-02 |title=Hallam Nebraska Tornado |url=http://www.crh.noaa.gov/oax/archive/hallam/hallam.php |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140820095200/http://www.crh.noaa.gov/oax/archive/hallam/hallam.php |archive-date=2014-08-20 |access-date=2009-11-15 |work=[[National Weather Service]] |publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]}}</ref><ref name="SPC FAQ">{{cite web |author=Roger Edwards |date=2006-04-04 |title=The Online Tornado FAQ |url=http://www.spc.ncep.noaa.gov/faq/tornado/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060929185156/http://www.spc.ncep.noaa.gov/faq/tornado/ |archive-date=2006-09-29 |access-date=2006-09-08 |work=[[National Weather Service]] |publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] |archivedate=2006-09-29 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060929185156/http://www.spc.ncep.noaa.gov/faq/tornado/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref> === ঠাণ্ডা বতৰৰ পৰিঘটনা === ==== তুষাৰপাত ==== [[File:Elkton, Maryland 2009 Blizzard.jpg|thumb|right|300x300px|২০০৯ চনত মেৰিলেণ্ডত হোৱা এটা তুষাৰপাত]] {{main|তুষাৰপাত}} তুষাৰপাত হৈছে শীতকালীন তীব্ৰ ধুমুহা যাৰ বৈশিষ্ট্য হৈছে প্ৰচণ্ড বৰফ আৰু প্ৰচণ্ড বতাহ। যেতিয়া তীব্ৰ বতাহে ইতিমধ্যে সৰি পৰা বৰফক আলোড়িত কৰে, তেতিয়া ইয়াক মাটিৰ তুষাৰপাত বুলি জনা যায়। বিশেষকৈ যিবোৰ অঞ্চলত বৰফ পৰে সেইবোৰ অঞ্চলত তুষাৰপাতৰ ফলত স্থানীয় অৰ্থনৈতিক কাৰ্যকলাপত প্ৰভাৱ পৰিব পাৰে। ১৮৮৮ চনৰ গ্ৰেট ব্লিজাৰ্ডে আমেৰিকাক প্ৰভাৱিত কৰিছিল, যেতিয়া বহু টন ঘেঁহুৰ শস্য ধ্বংস হৈছিল। এছিয়াত ১৯৭২ চনৰ ইৰাণ তুষাৰপাত আৰু ২০০৮ চনৰ আফগানিস্তান তুষাৰপাত, ইতিহাসৰ আটাইতকৈ মাৰাত্মক তুষাৰপাত আছিল; প্ৰথমটোত উইচকনচিনৰ সমান আকাৰৰ অঞ্চল সম্পূৰ্ণৰূপে বৰফেৰে পুতি থোৱা আছিল। ১৯৯৩ চনৰ ছুপাৰষ্টৰ্মৰ উৎপত্তি মেক্সিকো উপসাগৰত হৈছিল আৰু উত্তৰ দিশলৈ যাত্ৰা কৰিছিল, যাৰ ফলত আমেৰিকাৰ ২৬খন ৰাজ্যৰ লগতে কানাডাতো ক্ষতিসাধন হৈছিল আৰু ৩০০ৰো অধিক লোকৰ মৃত্যু হৈছিল।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.n-d-a.org/snow-hail-storm.php|title=Natural Hazards – Snow & Hail Storms|website=www.n-d-a.org|access-date=2017-02-26|archive-date=2017-02-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170203144851/http://www.n-d-a.org/snow-hail-storm.php|url-status=live|archivedate=2017-02-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170203144851/http://www.n-d-a.org/snow-hail-storm.php|deadurl=yes}}</ref> ==== শিলাবৃষ্টি ==== [[File:Granizo.jpg|thumb|right|প্ৰায় ৬ চে.মি. (২+১⁄২ ইঞ্চি) ব্যাসৰ এটা ডাঙৰ শিল]] {{main|শিলাবৃষ্টি}} {{see also|ব্যয়বহুল বা মাৰাত্মক শিলাবৃষ্টিৰ তালিকা}} শিলাবৃষ্টি হৈছে মাটিত খুন্দা মৰাৰ আগতে গলি যোৱা বৰফৰ ৰূপত হোৱা বৰষুণ। শিলাবৃষ্টিৰ ধুমুহা বজ্ৰপাতৰ দ্বাৰা উৎপন্ন হয়। শিলাবৃষ্টিৰ শিলৰ ব্যাস সাধাৰণতে ৫ৰ পৰা ১৫০ মিলিমিটাৰ (১⁄৪ আৰু ৬ ইঞ্চি)ৰ ভিতৰত হয়। এইবোৰে যি স্থানত পৰে সেই স্থানৰ ক্ষতি কৰিব পাৰে। শিলাবৃষ্টিৰ ধুমুহাই বিশেষকৈ খেতিপথাৰৰ বাবে বিধ্বংসী ৰূপ ধাৰণ কৰিব পাৰে, শস্য নষ্ট কৰিব পাৰে আৰু সঁজুলিৰ ক্ষতিসাধন কৰিব পাৰে। ১৯৮৪ চনৰ ১২ জুলাইত জাৰ্মানীৰ মিউনিখত বিশেষভাৱে ক্ষতিকাৰক শিলাবৃষ্টিৰ ধুমুহাই প্ৰায় ২ বিলিয়ন ডলাৰৰ বীমাৰ দাবীৰ সৃষ্টি কৰে। ==== বৰফৰ ধুমুহা ==== {{main|বৰফৰ ধুমুহা}} বৰফৰ ধুমুহা হৈছে এক প্ৰকাৰৰ শীতকালীন ধুমুহা যাৰ বৈশিষ্ট্য হৈছে ঠাণ্ডা বৰষুণ। আমেৰিকাৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় বতৰ বিজ্ঞান কেন্দ্ৰই বৰফৰ ধুমুহাক এনে ধুমুহা বুলি সংজ্ঞায়িত কৰিছে যাৰ ফলত উন্মুক্ত পৃষ্ঠত কমেও ১⁄৪ ইঞ্চি (৬.৩৫ মিলিমিটাৰ) বৰফ জমা হয়। ==== শীত প্ৰবাহ ==== {{main|শীত প্ৰবাহ}} শীত প্ৰবাহ ঢৌ, যাক কিছুমান অঞ্চলত ঠাণ্ডা স্নেপ বা ঠাণ্ডা মন্ত্ৰ বুলি জনা যায়, বতৰৰ শীতলতাৰ দ্বাৰা পৃথক হোৱা বতৰৰ পৰিঘটনা। বিশেষকৈ আমেৰিকাৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় বতৰ সেৱাই ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা ধৰণে শীত প্ৰবাহ হ’ল ২৪ ঘণ্টাৰ ভিতৰত উষ্ণতা দ্ৰুতভাৱে হ্ৰাস পোৱা, যাৰ বাবে কৃষি, উদ্যোগ, বাণিজ্য আৰু সামাজিক কাৰ্যকলাপৰ প্ৰতি যথেষ্ট বৃদ্ধি পোৱা সুৰক্ষাৰ প্ৰয়োজন হয়। শীতল তৰংগৰ নিৰ্দিষ্ট মাপকাঠী নিৰ্ণয় কৰা হয় উষ্ণতা কিমান হাৰত হ্ৰাস পায় আৰু ইয়াৰ ন্যূনতম স্তৰলৈ নামি যায়। এই ন্যূনতম উষ্ণতা ভৌগোলিক অঞ্চল আৰু বছৰৰ সময়ৰ ওপৰত নিৰ্ভৰশীল। == বহু-বিপদ বিশ্লেষণ == ওপৰত উল্লেখ কৰা প্ৰতিটো প্ৰাকৃতিক বিপদৰ প্ৰকাৰৰ বৈশিষ্ট্য অতি বেলেগ, ইহঁতে প্ৰভাৱিত কৰা স্থানীয় আৰু কালিক স্কেল, বিপদৰ কম্পাঙ্ক আৰু উভতি অহাৰ সময়, আৰু তীব্ৰতা আৰু প্ৰভাৱৰ পৰিমাপৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত। এই জটিলতাৰ ফলত "একক-বিপদ" মূল্যায়ন সাধাৰণ হৈ পৰে, য'ত এটা বিশেষ বিপদৰ প্ৰকাৰৰ পৰা বিপদৰ সম্ভাৱনা বাধাগ্ৰস্ত হয়। এই উদাহৰণসমূহত বিপদসমূহক প্ৰায়ে বিচ্ছিন্ন বা স্বাধীন বুলি গণ্য কৰা হয়। ইয়াৰ বিকল্প হ'ল "বহু-বিপদ" পদ্ধতি যিয়ে সকলো সম্ভাৱ্য প্ৰাকৃতিক বিপদ আৰু ইয়াৰ পাৰস্পৰিক ক্ৰিয়া বা আন্তঃসম্পৰ্ক চিনাক্ত কৰিব বিচাৰে।<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kappes |first1=Melanie S. |last2=Keiler |first2=Margreth |last3=von Elverfeldt |first3=Kirsten |last4=Glade |first4=Thomas |year=2012 |title=Challenges of analyzing multi-hazard risk: a review |url=https://boris.unibe.ch/17542/1/Kappes2012_Article_ChallengesOfAnalyzingMulti-haz.pdf |journal=Natural Hazards |volume=64 |issue=2 |pages=1925–1958 |doi=10.1007/s11069-012-0294-2 |bibcode=2012NatHa..64.1925K |s2cid=108636952}}</ref><ref name="Gilletal2014">{{cite journal |last1=Gill |first1=Joel C. |last2=Malamud |first2=Bruce D. |date=December 2014 |title=Reviewing and visualizing the interactions of natural hazards |url=https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/reviewing-and-visualizing-the-interactions-of-natural-hazards(614b146d-63d1-48a0-944a-e87a4a6ed464).html |journal=[[Reviews of Geophysics]] |volume=52 |issue=4 |pages=680–722 |bibcode=2014RvGeo..52..680G |doi=10.1002/2013RG000445 |doi-access=free}}</ref> বহুতো উদাহৰণ আছে যে এটা প্ৰাকৃতিক বিপদে আন এটা বা ততোধিক প্ৰাকৃতিক বিপদৰ সম্ভাৱনা বৃদ্ধি কৰে বা বৃদ্ধি কৰে। উদাহৰণস্বৰূপে, ভূমিকম্পই ভূমিস্খলনৰ সূচনা কৰিব পাৰে, আনহাতে বনজুইৰ ফলত ভৱিষ্যতে ভূমিস্খলনৰ সম্ভাৱনা বৃদ্ধি পাব পাৰে।<ref name="Gilletal2014" /> ২১টা প্ৰাকৃতিক বিপদৰ মাজেৰে এনে পাৰস্পৰিক ক্ৰিয়াৰ বিশদ পৰ্যালোচনাই ৯০টা সম্ভাৱ্য পাৰস্পৰিক ক্ৰিয়াৰ চিনাক্তকৰণ কৰে, যাৰ সম্ভাৱনা আৰু স্থানীয় গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ ভিন্ন।<ref name="Gilletal2014" /> এই প্ৰাকৃতিক বিপদ আৰু নৃতত্ত্বৰ প্ৰক্ৰিয়াৰ মাজতো পাৰস্পৰিক ক্ৰিয়া-কলাপ থাকিব পাৰে।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Reviewing and visualising relationships between anthropic processes and natural hazards within a multi-hazard framework |url=https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2014/EGU2014-3049.pdf |access-date=10 September 2023 |website=Copernicus Office}}</ref> উদাহৰণস্বৰূপে, ভূগৰ্ভস্থ পানী নিষ্কাশনে ভূগৰ্ভস্থ পানী সম্পৰ্কীয় ডুব যোৱাৰ সূচনা কৰিব পাৰে।<ref>{{cite web |title=Land Subsidence |url=http://water.usgs.gov/edu/earthgwlandsubside.html |access-date=11 May 2017 |work=USGS Water Science School}}</ref> যিকোনো অঞ্চলত (যেনে, দুৰ্যোগৰ আশংকা হ্ৰাসৰ উদ্দেশ্যে) ফলপ্ৰসূ বিপদ বিশ্লেষণত আদৰ্শগতভাৱে সকলো প্ৰাসংগিক বিপদ আৰু ইয়াৰ পাৰস্পৰিক ক্ৰিয়াৰ পৰীক্ষা অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত কৰা উচিত। বিপদ হ্ৰাসৰ বাবে অধিক উপযোগী হ’বলৈ বিপদ বিশ্লেষণক বিপদ মূল্যায়নলৈ সম্প্ৰসাৰিত কৰিব লাগে য’ত প্ৰতিটো বিপদৰ প্ৰতি নিৰ্মিত পৰিৱেশৰ দুৰ্বলতাক লক্ষ্য কৰা হয়। এই পদক্ষেপটো ভূমিকম্পীয় বিপদৰ বাবে ভালদৰে বিকশিত কৰা হৈছে, য’ত গঠন আৰু আন্তঃগাঁথনিৰ ওপৰত ভৱিষ্যতৰ ভূমিকম্পৰ সম্ভাৱ্য প্ৰভাৱৰ মূল্যায়ন কৰা হয়, লগতে চৰম বতাহৰ পৰা হোৱা বিপদ আৰু কম পৰিমাণে বানপানীৰ আশংকাৰ বাবেও মূল্যায়ন কৰা হয়। অন্যান্য ধৰণৰ প্ৰাকৃতিক বিপদৰ বাবে বিপদৰ গণনা অধিক প্ৰত্যাহ্বানজনক, মূলতঃ কাৰণ এটা বিপদৰ তীব্ৰতা আৰু বিভিন্ন মাত্ৰাৰ ক্ষতিৰ সম্ভাৱনা (ভংগুৰতা বক্ৰ) সংযোগ কৰা কাৰ্য্যৰ অভাৱ।<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Douglas |first=J. |date=2007-04-05 |title=Physical vulnerability modelling in natural hazard risk assessment |url=https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00330925/file/nhess-7-283-2007.pdf |journal=Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. |volume=7 |issue=2 |pages=283–288 |bibcode=2007NHESS...7..283D |doi=10.5194/nhess-7-283-2007 |issn=1684-9981 |doi-access=free}}</ref> == সঁহাৰি == {{Main|দুৰ্যোগৰ প্ৰতি সঁহাৰি|দুৰ্যোগ ব্যৱস্থাপনা}} দুৰ্যোগ ব্যৱস্থাপনা হৈছে নাগৰিক সুৰক্ষা (বা নাগৰিক প্ৰতিৰক্ষা) কৰ্তৃপক্ষৰ এটা মূল কাম। ইয়াত দুৰ্যোগৰ চাৰিওটা পৰ্যায়কে সম্বোধন কৰিব লাগে: প্ৰশমন আৰু প্ৰতিৰোধ, দুৰ্যোগৰ প্ৰতি সঁহাৰি, পুনৰুদ্ধাৰ আৰু প্ৰস্তুতি।[[File:Haiti earthquake damage.jpg|thumb|হাইতিৰ ভূমিকম্পৰ ফলত হোৱা ক্ষতি]] === প্ৰশমন আৰু প্ৰতিৰোধ === {{Excerpt|দুৰ্যোগ ব্যৱস্থাপনা#প্ৰশমন কৌশল|paragraphs=2|file=0}} ==== দুৰ্যোগৰ আশংকা হ্ৰাস ==== {{excerpt|দুৰ্যোগৰ আশংকা হ্ৰাস}} === সঁহাৰি === {{Excerpt|দুৰ্যোগৰ প্ৰতি সঁহাৰি|paragraphs=1|file=0}} === পুনৰুদ্ধাৰ === [[File:Driving through flash flood.jpg|thumb|কৃত্ৰিম বানপানীৰ মাজেৰে গাড়ী চলাই থকা]] {{Excerpt|দুৰ্যোগ ব্যৱস্থাপনা#পুনৰুদ্ধাৰ|paragraphs=1,2|file=0}} === প্ৰস্তুতি === {{Excerpt|দুৰ্যোগ ব্যৱস্থাপনা#প্ৰস্তুতি|paragraphs=1|file=0}} == সমাজ-সংস্কৃতি == === আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় আইন === সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ ৪৪/১৮২ নং প্ৰস্তাৱৰ দ্বাৰা ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ মানৱীয় বিষয়ৰ সমন্বয়ৰ কাৰ্যালয় গঠন কৰা হৈছিল। প্ৰতিবন্ধী ব্যক্তিৰ অধিকাৰ চুক্তিৰ অধীনত, "ৰাষ্ট্ৰসমূহে আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় মানৱীয় আইন আৰু আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় মানৱ অধিকাৰ আইনকে ধৰি আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় আইনৰ অধীনত নিজৰ বাধ্যবাধকতা অনুসৰি সশস্ত্ৰ সংঘাতৰ পৰিস্থিতি, মানৱীয় জৰুৰীকালীন অৱস্থা আৰু প্ৰাকৃতিক দুৰ্যোগৰ সংঘটনকে ধৰি বিপদজনক পৰিস্থিতিত বিশেষভাৱে সক্ষম ব্যক্তিসকলৰ সুৰক্ষা নিশ্চিত কৰাৰ বাবে সকলো প্ৰয়োজনীয় ব্যৱস্থা গ্ৰহণ কৰিব লাগিব।" <ref>{{cite web |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=13 December 2006 |title=Article 11 – Situations of risk and humanitarian emergencies |url=https://www.un.org/development/desa/disabilities/convention-on-the-rights-of-persons-with-disabilities/article-11-situations-of-risk-and-humanitarian-emergencies.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210903131917/https://www.un.org/development/desa/disabilities/convention-on-the-rights-of-persons-with-disabilities/article-11-situations-of-risk-and-humanitarian-emergencies.html |archive-date=3 September 2021 |access-date=3 September 2021 |website= |publisher=United Nations |quote=}}</ref> ১৯৯৮ চনৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ অভ্যন্তৰীণ স্থানচ্যুতিৰ নিৰ্দেশনামূলক নীতি আৰু ২০০৯ চনৰ কাম্পালা সন্ধিয়েও প্ৰাকৃতিক দুৰ্যোগৰ বাবে স্থানচ্যুত হোৱা লোকসকলক সুৰক্ষা প্ৰদান কৰে।<ref>{{cite report |url=https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-329056 |title=Towards recognition and protection of forced environmental migrants in the public international law: Refugee or IDPs umbrella? |last1=Terminski |first1=Bogumil |date=2012 |access-date=2020-12-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220418223713/https://www.ssoar.info/ssoar/handle/document/32905 |archive-date=2022-04-18 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=May 2019 |title=2009 Kampala Convention on IDPs |url=https://www.unhcr.org/5cd569877.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211211144624/https://www.unhcr.org/5cd569877.pdf |archive-date=11 December 2021 |access-date=3 September 2021 |website= |publisher=UNHCR |quote=}}</ref> == লগতে চাওক == {{div col}} * [[ঈশ্বৰৰ কাৰ্য্য]] * [[নাগৰিক প্ৰতিৰক্ষা]] * [[দুৰ্যোগ সাহায্য]] * [[দুৰ্যোগৰ আশংকা হ্ৰাস]] * [[দুৰ্যোগ ব্যৱস্থাপনা]] * [[পৰিৱেশ দুৰ্যোগ]] * [[পৰিৱেশৰ জৰুৰীকালীন অৱস্থা]] * [[বিশ্বব্যাপী বিপৰ্যয়জনক বিপদ]] * [[পৰিৱেশ দুৰ্যোগৰ তালিকা]] * [[সামাজিক দুৰ্বলতা]] * [[নগৰীয়া অনুসন্ধান আৰু উদ্ধাৰ]] * [[দুৰ্যোগৰ আশংকা হ্ৰাসৰ বিশ্ব সন্মিলন]] * [[বন্য প্ৰাণীৰ দুখ]] {{div col end}} == তথ্য উৎস == {{ৰেফলিষ্ট}} == বাহ্যিক সংযোগ == {{Wikiquote|Natural disasters|প্ৰাকৃতিক দুৰ্যোগ}} {{commons|Category:Natural disasters}} * {{cite web | url=http://go.worldbank.org/BCQUXRXOW0 | archive-url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20100409011106/http://go.worldbank.org/BCQUXRXOW0 | url-status=dead | archive-date=2010-04-09 | title=World Bank's Hazard Risk Management | publisher=World Bank | access-date=2007-06-30 }} * {{cite web | url=http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/billions | title=Billion-dollar Weather and Climate Disasters | publisher=NCDC }} * {{cite web | url=http://www.gdacs.org | title=Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System | publisher=[[European Commission]] and [[United Nations]] website initiative }} * {{cite web | url=http://site.ebrary.com/lib/disaster/home.action | title= Natural Disaster and Extreme Weather. Searchable Information Center | publisher= [[Ebrary]] }} {{কৰ্তৃপক্ষ নিয়ন্ত্ৰণ}} [[শ্ৰেণী:প্ৰাকৃতিক দুৰ্যোগ| ]] [[শ্ৰেণী:প্ৰাকৃতিক বিপদ]] [[শ্ৰেণী:দুৰ্যোগ]] kk5qnnn508zq4daxioov3zhm7780s1s 3 54531 605959 207741 2026-05-12T11:40:21Z ~2026-28660-16 49833 /* ফটো সাংবাদিক ঢকুৱাখনাৰ */ নতুন অনুচ্ছেদ 605959 wikitext text/x-wiki {{tmbox | type = notice | image = [[চিত্ৰ:Assamese Jaapi.png|135px|left]] | imageright = [[চিত্ৰ:Wikipedia-logo-v2-as.svg|135px]] | style = border: 1px blue solid; | textstyle = | text = {{Center|<big>{{#if: {{{1}}} |'''নমস্কাৰ, {{#if: | {{{1}}} | {{BASEPAGENAME}} }}<br/>}}}} {{Center|'''[[অসমীয়া ৱিকিপিডিয়া]]লৈ আপোনাক [[ৱিকিপিডিয়া:আদৰণি|আদৰণি জনাইছোঁ]]!'''</big><br/><br/> আপোনাৰ আগ্ৰহৰ বাবে ধন্যবাদ। আশা কৰোঁ আপুনি সদায় আমাৰ লগত জড়িত হৈ থাকিব। নৱাগত সকলৰ বাবে তলত দিয়া পৃষ্ঠাকেইখন অতি উপযোগী, অনুগ্ৰহ কৰি পৃষ্ঠাকেইখন এবাৰ চকু ফুৰাই চাই যেন।}}<br/> {{Center| '''ৱিকিপিডিয়াত সম্পাদনাৰ সহায়'''<br/> <big> [[ৱিকিপিডিয়া:পৰিচয়|ৱিকিপিডিয়াৰ বিষয়ে অলপ]]</big><br/> <big> [[সহায়:সৰল সম্পাদনা|সম্পাদনাৰ থুলমুল আভাস]]</big><br/> <big> [[ৱিকিপিডিয়া:সহায়িকা|ৱিকিপিডিয়া সম্পাদনাৰ বিষয়ে প্ৰয়োজনীয় আভাস]]</big><br/> <big> [[সহায়:নতুন প্ৰবন্ধ আৰম্ভ কৰক|প্ৰবন্ধ এটা কেনেকৈ আৰম্ভ কৰিব?]]</big><br/> <br> '''ৱিকিপিডিয়াৰ সম্পাদনাৰ নিয়ম নীতি'''<br/> <big> [[ৱিকিপিডিয়া:পাঁচটা স্তম্ভ|ৱিকিপিডিয়াৰ পঞ্চশীল নীতি]]</big><br/> <big> [[ৱিকিপিডিয়া:ৱিকিপিডিয়া কি নহয়|ৱিকিপিডিয়া কি নহয়]]</big><br/> }} <br/> '''ইয়াৰ উপৰিও ফে'চবুকত [https://www.facebook.com/groups/assamwikigroup/ {{Like|''Assamese Wikipedia Community''}}] বুলি আমাৰ এটা আলোচনা গোট আৰু [https://www.facebook.com/aswikipedia/ {{Like|''অসমীয়া ৱিকিপিডিয়া- Assamese Wikipedia''}}] নামৰ এটা পৃষ্ঠা আছে। ৱিকিপিডিয়ানসকলক লগ পাবলৈ আৰু ৱিকিপিডিয়াৰ বিষয়ে জানিবলৈ আপুনিও সেইবোৰৰ সদস্য হৈ ল'ব পাৰে।''' আশা কৰোঁ ৱিকিপিডিয়াত সম্পাদনা কৰি আৰু এজন [[ৱিকিপিডিয়া:ৱিকিপিডিয়ান|ৱিকিপিডিয়ান]] হোৱাটো উপভোগ কৰিব। <center>{{Wikipedia in Social Media}}</center> | small = / yes | smallimage = none / [[Image:Some image.svg|30px]] | smallimageright = none / [[Image:Some image.svg|30px]] | smalltext = আদৰণি }} <!-- This welcome message is delivered by [[User:WikitanvirBot]] on behalf of the community. See [[Special:PermaLink/178496]] for details. --> == ফটো সাংবাদিক ঢকুৱাখনাৰ == া [[বিশেষ:বৰঙনিসমূহ/&#126;2026-28660-16|&#126;2026-28660-16]] ([[সদস্য বাৰ্তা:&#126;2026-28660-16|talk]]) 11:40, 12 May 2026 (ইউ.টি.চি.) iu0p82yenuyvl7xemiezv9fcuzo0snw 605960 605959 2026-05-12T11:42:00Z ~2026-28660-16 49833 /* ফটো সাংবাদিক ঢকুৱাখনাৰ, ( নিউজ এজেঞঁ ) */ 605960 wikitext text/x-wiki {{tmbox | type = notice | image = [[চিত্ৰ:Assamese Jaapi.png|135px|left]] | imageright = [[চিত্ৰ:Wikipedia-logo-v2-as.svg|135px]] | style = border: 1px blue solid; | textstyle = | text = {{Center|<big>{{#if: {{{1}}} |'''নমস্কাৰ, {{#if: | {{{1}}} | {{BASEPAGENAME}} }}<br/>}}}} {{Center|'''[[অসমীয়া ৱিকিপিডিয়া]]লৈ আপোনাক [[ৱিকিপিডিয়া:আদৰণি|আদৰণি জনাইছোঁ]]!'''</big><br/><br/> আপোনাৰ আগ্ৰহৰ বাবে ধন্যবাদ। আশা কৰোঁ আপুনি সদায় আমাৰ লগত জড়িত হৈ থাকিব। নৱাগত সকলৰ বাবে তলত দিয়া পৃষ্ঠাকেইখন অতি উপযোগী, অনুগ্ৰহ কৰি পৃষ্ঠাকেইখন এবাৰ চকু ফুৰাই চাই যেন।}}<br/> {{Center| '''ৱিকিপিডিয়াত সম্পাদনাৰ সহায়'''<br/> <big> [[ৱিকিপিডিয়া:পৰিচয়|ৱিকিপিডিয়াৰ বিষয়ে অলপ]]</big><br/> <big> [[সহায়:সৰল সম্পাদনা|সম্পাদনাৰ থুলমুল আভাস]]</big><br/> <big> [[ৱিকিপিডিয়া:সহায়িকা|ৱিকিপিডিয়া সম্পাদনাৰ বিষয়ে প্ৰয়োজনীয় আভাস]]</big><br/> <big> [[সহায়:নতুন প্ৰবন্ধ আৰম্ভ কৰক|প্ৰবন্ধ এটা কেনেকৈ আৰম্ভ কৰিব?]]</big><br/> <br> '''ৱিকিপিডিয়াৰ সম্পাদনাৰ নিয়ম নীতি'''<br/> <big> [[ৱিকিপিডিয়া:পাঁচটা স্তম্ভ|ৱিকিপিডিয়াৰ পঞ্চশীল নীতি]]</big><br/> <big> [[ৱিকিপিডিয়া:ৱিকিপিডিয়া কি নহয়|ৱিকিপিডিয়া কি নহয়]]</big><br/> }} <br/> '''ইয়াৰ উপৰিও ফে'চবুকত [https://www.facebook.com/groups/assamwikigroup/ {{Like|''Assamese Wikipedia Community''}}] বুলি আমাৰ এটা আলোচনা গোট আৰু [https://www.facebook.com/aswikipedia/ {{Like|''অসমীয়া ৱিকিপিডিয়া- Assamese Wikipedia''}}] নামৰ এটা পৃষ্ঠা আছে। ৱিকিপিডিয়ানসকলক লগ পাবলৈ আৰু ৱিকিপিডিয়াৰ বিষয়ে জানিবলৈ আপুনিও সেইবোৰৰ সদস্য হৈ ল'ব পাৰে।''' আশা কৰোঁ ৱিকিপিডিয়াত সম্পাদনা কৰি আৰু এজন [[ৱিকিপিডিয়া:ৱিকিপিডিয়ান|ৱিকিপিডিয়ান]] হোৱাটো উপভোগ কৰিব। <center>{{Wikipedia in Social Media}}</center> | small = / yes | smallimage = none / [[Image:Some image.svg|30px]] | smallimageright = none / [[Image:Some image.svg|30px]] | smalltext = আদৰণি }} <!-- This welcome message is delivered by [[User:WikitanvirBot]] on behalf of the community. See [[Special:PermaLink/178496]] for details. --> == ফটো সাংবাদিক ঢকুৱাখনাৰ, ( নিউজ এজেঞঁ ) == া [[বিশেষ:বৰঙনিসমূহ/&#126;2026-28660-16|&#126;2026-28660-16]] ([[সদস্য বাৰ্তা:&#126;2026-28660-16|talk]]) 11:40, 12 May 2026 (ইউ.টি.চি.) pj3btoh4g997z4j3n802p7imau12f46 0 74786 605872 512282 2026-05-11T15:26:00Z ~2026-28610-05 49815 /* বঁটা আৰু সন্মান */ 605872 wikitext text/x-wiki {{পোখালি}}{{infobox writer | name = আলেকজেণ্ডাৰ গ্ৰাহাম বেল | image = Alexander Graham Bell.jpg | imagesize = | alt = | caption = | pseudonym = | birth_name = | Parents_name = পিতৃৰ নাম আলেকজেণ্ডাৰ মেলভিল বে'ল আৰু মাতৃৰ নাম এলিজা গ্ৰেইস সাইমন্ডস বে'ল। | birth_date = [[৩ মাৰ্চ]] ১৮৪৭ | birth_place = [[ইংলেণ্ডৰ এডিনবাৰ্গ]] | death_date = [[২ আগষ্ট]] ১৯২২ | death_place = | occupation = | nationality = [[ব্ৰিটিছ]] | ethnicity = | citizenship = | language = | education = | alma_mater = | period = | genre = | subject = | movement = | notableworks = | notableworks = | partner = | children = | relatives = | influences = | influenced = | awards = #১৮৮৩ চনত নেচনেল অকাডেমী অৱ চাইন্সৰ সদস্য পদ লাভ। #১৯০২ চনত আলবাৰ্ট মেডেল লাভ কৰে। #১৯১৪ চনত আইইই এডিসন মেডেল লাভ কৰে। | signature = | signature_alt = | website = }} '''আলেকজেণ্ডাৰ গ্ৰাহাম বেল''' ({{lang-en|Alexander Graham Bell}}) হৈছে বিজ্ঞানী আৰু উদ্ভাৱক। তেওঁ [[টেলিফোন]] আৱিষ্কাৰ কৰিছিল। ==জন্ম আৰু বংশ পৰিচয়== ১৮৪৭ চনৰ ৩ মাৰ্চত ইংলেণ্ডৰ এডিনবাৰ্গ চহৰত আলেকজেণ্ডাৰ গ্ৰাহাম বেলৰ জন্ম হয়।<ref>বিশ্বৰ বৰণ্য বিজ্ঞানী, ডঃ শিৱনাথ বৰ্মন, দ্বিতীয় প্ৰকাশ : জানুৱাৰী ২০০৪, পৃষ্ঠা: ১৩৪ </ref>তেখেতৰ পিতৃৰ নাম আলেকজেণ্ডাৰ মেলভিল বেল আৰু মাতৃৰ নাম এলিজা গ্ৰেইস সাইমন্ডস বেল। ==শিক্ষা== গ্ৰাহাম বেলে এডিনবাৰ্গ স্কুল আৰু পিছলৈ এডিনবাৰ্গ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ত অধ্যয়ন কৰিছিল। পৰৱৰ্তী সময়ত ইয়াতেই স্নাতক ডিগ্ৰী লাভ কৰি লণ্ডন বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ত নাম লগায়।<ref>বিশ্বৰ বৰণ্য বিজ্ঞানী, ডঃ শিৱনাথ বৰ্মন, দ্বিতীয় প্ৰকাশ : জানুৱাৰী ২০০৪, পৃষ্ঠা:১৩৪</ref> শেষত জাৰ্মানীৰ উজবাৰ্গ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় পৰা তেওঁ ডক্টৰেট উপাধি লাভ কৰে।<ref>বিশ্বৰ বৰণ্য বিজ্ঞানী, ডঃ শিৱনাথ বৰ্মন, দ্বিতীয় প্ৰকাশ : জানুৱাৰী ২০০৪, পৃষ্ঠা: ১৩৪</ref> ==চাকৰি জীৱন== উদ্ভাৱক আৰু বিজ্ঞানী হিচাপে তেওঁ কৰ্মজীৱন আগবঢ়ায়। ===পৰিচিতৰ কাৰণ=== প্ৰথম টেলিফোন আৱিষ্কাৰক হিচাপে খ্যাত। ১৮৭৬ চনৰ জানুৱাৰী মাহত গ্ৰাহাম বেলে টেলিফোন যন্ত্ৰ আবিষ্কাৰ কৰি উলিয়াই।<ref>বিশ্বৰ বৰণ্য বিজ্ঞানী, ডঃ শিৱনাথ বৰ্মন, দ্বিতীয় প্ৰকাশ : জানুৱাৰী ২০০৪, পৃষ্ঠা: ১৩৫</ref> ==বঁটা আৰু সন্মান== #১৮৮৩ চনত নেচনেল একাডেমী অৱ চাইন্সৰ সদস্য পদ লাভ। #১৯০২ চনত আলবাৰ্ট মেডেল লাভ কৰে। #১৯১৪ চনত আই এডিসন মেডেল লাভ কৰে। ==মৃত্যু== ১৯২২ চনত দুই আগষ্ট তাৰিখে গ্ৰাহাম বেলৰ মৃত্যু হয়।<ref>বিশ্বৰ বৰণ্য বিজ্ঞানী, ডঃ শিৱনাথ বৰ্মন, দ্বিতীয় প্ৰকাশ : জানুৱাৰী ২০০৪, পৃষ্ঠা: ১৩৭ </ref> ==তথ্য সংগ্ৰহ== {{Reflist}} [[শ্ৰেণী:যুক্তৰাজ্যৰ ব্যক্তি]] [[শ্ৰেণী:বিজ্ঞানী]] [[শ্ৰেণী:উদ্ভাৱক]] 9zopbva3qgzsiz5d01juxawfhjdyhx7 0 82642 605859 601571 2026-05-11T13:54:22Z ~2026-28469-01 49811 605859 wikitext text/x-wiki '''আব্দুছ ছাত্তাৰ''' ==শিক্ষা== ১৯৪৫ চনত তেওঁ দৰ্শন বিষয়ত সন্মানসহ কটন কলেজৰ পৰা বি এ পৰীক্ষাত উত্তীৰ্ণ হয়। তেওঁ দিল্লীৰ জামিয়া মিলিয়া ইছলামিয়াত বুনিয়াদী শিক্ষকৰ প্ৰশিক্ষণো লয়। ১৯৪৯ চনত তেওঁ কলিকতা বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ পৰা এম এ পাছ কৰে।<ref>ভাৰত ৰত্নৰ পৰা পদ্মশ্ৰীলৈ - সমীন কলিতা; পৃষ্ঠা:২০৩</ref> ==কৰ্মজীৱন== শিক্ষক হিচাপে চাকৰি জীৱন আৰম্ভ কৰা ছাত্তাৰ চাহেবে আফগানিস্তানৰ কাবুলস্থিত ইবনেচিনা' কলেজতো পঞ্চাছৰ দশকত কেইটামান বছৰ ইংৰাজী বিষয়ৰ অধ্যাপক হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল।<ref name="আছা" /> অসমলৈ ঘূৰি অহাৰ পাছত অসম চৰকাৰৰ শিক্ষা বিভাগত যোগদান কৰি বিভিন্ন পদত অধিষ্ঠিত হৈ অৱশেষত স্কুলসমূহৰ উপপৰিদৰ্শক (D.I. of Schools) ৰূপে যোৰহাটত কাৰ্যভাৰ গ্ৰহণ কৰে আৰু ১৯৮৩ চনত স্কুলসমূহৰ সহকাৰী পৰিদৰ্শক (Asst. Inspector of Schools) হিচাপে চাকৰিৰ পৰা অৱসৰ গ্ৰহণ কৰে।<ref name="আছা" /> বিভিন্ন ধৰণৰ সাংস্কৃতিক আৰু সামাজিক অনুষ্ঠানৰ লগত জড়িত এই সাহিত্যিকজনাই অসম সাহিত্য সভা পত্ৰিকা সম্পাদক (১৯৭১-৭২), প্ৰধান সম্পাদক, অসম সাহিত্য সভা (১৯৭৭), অসম প্ৰকাশন পৰিষদৰ উপসভাপতি ইত্যাদিৰ দায়িত্ব বহন কৰিছিল। সাহিত্য অকাডেমিৰ উপদেষ্টা সমিতিৰ সদস্য হিচাপেও দুবাৰকৈ মনোনীত হৈছিল।<ref name="আছা">{{cite book | title=সংমিশ্ৰণত অসমীয়া সংস্কৃতি | publisher=সাহিত্যিকা | author=আব্দুছ ছাত্তাৰ | year=২০১৭ | location=যোৰহাট | pages=বকলা পৃষ্ঠা}}</ref> ==সাহিত্যিক অৱদান== তেখেতৰ সাহিত্যিক অৱদানসমূহৰ ভিতৰত * সংমিশ্ৰণত অসমীয়া সংস্কৃতি<br> (অসমীয়া মানুহৰ জীৱনৰ ওপৰত সাংস্কৃতিক প্ৰভাৱ সম্বন্ধীয় তথ্য-পাতিৰ আলোচনা আৰু বিশেষকৈ অসমীয়া ভাষাৰ শব্দমালাত মূল ফাৰ্চী, আৰবী আৰু পস্তু শব্দাৱলীৰ প্ৰভাৱ আৰু প্ৰচলন আৰু সেই শব্দসমূহৰ চলন্তি অসমীয়া ৰূপৰ ইতিবৃত্ত)<br> * প্ৰসংগ-কোষ * কৃষ্ণকান্ত সন্দিকৈ ([[কৃষ্ণকান্ত সন্দিকৈ]]ৰ বিস্তৃত জীৱনী) * সাহিত্যিকা * বিদেশত দুদিনমান * নতুন সুৰ * বাহাদুৰ গাঁওবুঢ়া, * অসমীয়া সাহিত্যত বিবিধ আলোচনা, * গান্ধীজীৰ জীৱন কথা, * দৃষ্টি আৰু সৃষ্টি ইত্যাদি উল্লেখযোগ্য।<ref name="আছা" /> ==সন্মান== # অসম চৰকাৰৰ পৰা সাহিত্যিক পেঞ্চন লাভ । # ২৬ জানুৱাৰী ১৯৮৭ চনত ভাৰত চৰকাৰৰ ‘পদ্মশ্ৰী’ সন্মান লাভ ==মৃত্যু== আব্দুছ ছাত্তাৰৰ ১৯৮৭ চনৰ ২৮ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰীত ৬৫ বছৰ বয়সত যোৰহাটত প্ৰয়াণ ঘটে। ==তথ্য উৎস== {{Reflist}} [[শ্ৰেণী:পদ্মশ্ৰী বঁটা বিজয়ী]] [[শ্ৰেণী:অসমীয়া সাহিত্যিক]] 4bdzukolq26npb2h8ajzckmcelzr5oh 0 97652 605878 570255 2026-05-11T16:29:01Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 605878 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = পাইদী জয়ৰাজ | image = | image_size =170px | birth_name = <!---PLEASE CITE A RELIABLE SOURCE---> | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1909|9|28}} | birth_place =ছিৰছিলা, হায়দৰাবাদ ষ্টেট, [[বৃটিছ ভাৰত]]<br />(বৰ্তমানৰ [[তেলেংগানা]])<ref>{{Cite web|last=Paithari|first=Raghu|title=Sircilla-born Jairaj still remains unsung in film industry|url=https://telanganatoday.com/sircilla-born-jairaj-still-remains-unsung-in-film-industry|access-date=2020-09-20|website=Telangana Today|language=en-US}}</ref> | death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|2000|8|11|1909|9|28}} | death_place =[[মুম্বাই]], [[মহাৰাষ্ট্ৰ]] | awards =[[দাদা চাহেব ফাল্কে বঁটা]] (১৯৮০) | alma mater =নিজাম কলেজ | spouse = {{marriage|সাবিত্ৰী|1940}} | occupation = | yearsactive =১৯২৯-১৯৯৫ }} '''পাইদী জয়ৰাজ''' ({{lang-en| Paidi Jairaj }} ; জন্ম ২৮ ছেপ্টেম্বৰ ১৯০৯ – ১১ আগষ্ট ২০০০) এজন ভাৰতীয় অভিনেতা, পৰিচালক আৰু প্ৰযোজক, যিয়ে মূলতঃ হিন্দী চলচ্চিত্ৰৰ বাবে বিশেষভাবে পৰিচিত। তেওঁ মাৰাঠী, গুজৰাটী, তেলেগু ভাষাৰ চলচ্চিত্ৰ আৰু [[তেলেগু থিয়েটাৰ]]ৰ সৈতেও জড়িত আছিল। <ref name="rediff.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/entertai/2000/jul/24jai.htm|title=rediff.com, Movies: Jairaj's son asked to vacate father's flat}}</ref> টকী বা সবাক চলচ্চিত্ৰৰ আগমণৰ সময়তে ১৯৩১ চনত তেওঁ উৰ্দু আৰু ইংৰাজী ভাষাত নিৰ্মিত ''চিকাৰী'' ছবিখনেৰে টকীত অভিনয় জীৱন আৰম্ভ কৰে। পৰৱৰ্তী সময়ত [[ভি শান্তাৰাম]], [[অশোক কুমাৰ]], [[পৃথ্বীৰাজ কাপুৰ]], মতিলাল আদিৰ সৈতে প্ৰায় দুটা দশক ধৰি তেওঁ অন্যতম আগশাৰীৰ অভিনেতা হিচাপে পৰিগণিত হয়। প্ৰায় ১৭০ খন পূৰ্ণদৈৰ্ঘ্য ছবিত বিভিন্ন চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰে। তেওঁ ''মোহৰ'', ''মালা'' (১৯৪৩),''প্ৰতিমা'', ''ৰাজঘৰ'', ''সাগৰ'' (১৯৫১) আদি কেইখনমান ছবি পৰিচালনা কৰিছিল, যি কেইখনৰ প্ৰযোজকো তেৱেঁ আছিল। ১৯৮০ চনত তেওঁলৈ ভাৰতীয় চলচ্চিত্ৰলৈ আগবঢ়োৱা অৱদানৰ বাবে ভাৰতৰ চলচ্চিত্ৰৰ সৰ্বোচ্চ বঁটা- [[দাদাচাহেব ফাল্কে বঁটা]] আগবঢ়োৱা হয়। <ref name="auto">Luminaries of 20th Century, Potti Sreeramulu Telugu University, Hyderabad, 2005</ref> <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dff.nic.in/dadasahebphalke.asp|title=::DIRECTORATE OF FILM FESTIVALS::|access-date=28 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140427193700/http://dff.nic.in/dadasahebphalke.asp|archive-date=27 April 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==কৰ্মজীৱন== নিজাম কলেজত স্নাতক মহলাত অধ্যয়ন কৰি থকাৰ সময়ততে জয়ৰাজৰ থিয়েটাৰ আৰু চলচ্চিত্ৰৰ প্ৰতি আগ্ৰহ জন্মে আৰু ১৯২৯ চনত বম্বেলৈ ৰাওনা হয়।<ref name="cinejosh.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.cinejosh.com/telugu-andhra-others-photos/18765/5/19/paidi-jairaj-105-jayanthi-utsavam.html|title=Paidi Jairaj 105 Jayanthi Utsavam}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ১৯২৯ চনত ''ষ্টাৰ ক্লিং ইউথ'' নামৰ নিৰ্বাক ছবিখনৰ জৰিয়তে তেওঁ অভিনয় জগতত আত্মপ্ৰকাশ কৰে। তাৰ পিছত তেওঁ ''ট্ৰাইএংগল অৱ লাভ'', ''মাথ্ৰু ভূমি'', ''অল ফৰ লাভাৰ'', ''মহাসাগৰ মোথি'', ''ফ্লাইট ইনটু ডেথ'', ''মাই হিৰো'' আদি প্ৰায় এঘাৰখন নিৰ্বাক ছবিত অভিনয় কৰে।<ref name="rediff.com" /><ref name="auto" /> বাচকবনীয়া ছবিৰ ভিতৰত তেওঁ ''অমৰ সিং ৰাথোৰ'' (১৯৫৭), ''পৃথ্বীৰাজ চৌহান'' ৯১৯৫৯), আৰু ''মহাৰাণা প্ৰতাপ''ৰ (১৯৬০) চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰিছিল। ''শ্বাহজাহান'' (১৯৪৭),''টিপু চুলতান'' (১৯৫৯) আৰু ''হাইদৰ আলী''ৰ (১৯৬২) চৰিত্ৰতো তেওঁ অভিনয় কৰিছিল। বিশিষ্ট অভিনয় কৰা তেওঁৰ আন আন ছবিসমূহ হ’ল- ''চাছি পুন্নু'' (১৯৪৭), ''হাতেমতাই'' (১৯৫৬), ''চন্দ্ৰশেখৰ আজাদ'' (১৯৬৩), ''দুৰ্গাদাস'' (১৯৬৪) আদি । জয়ৰাজে ১৯৪০ আৰু ১৯৫০-ৰ দশকত সুৰাইয়াৰ সৈতে ছখন ছবি কৰিছিল; ইয়াৰে পাঁচখন- ''হামাৰী বাত'' (১৯৪৩),''ছিংগাৰ'' (১৯৪৯),''অমৰ কাহানী'' (১৯৪৯),''ৰাজপুত'' (১৯৫১) আৰু ''ৰেশম''ত (১৯৫২) তেওঁৰ নায়ক হিচাপে আৰু ষষ্ঠখন ছবি ''লাল কুঁৱৰ''ত (১৯৫২) দ্বিতীয় নায়ক হিচাপে অভিনয় কৰিছিল। ১৯৫২ চনত তেওঁ নিজাববীয়াকৈ ''সাগৰ'' পৰিচালনা আৰু প্ৰযোজনা কৰে। কিন্তু ছবিখন দৰ্শকে ভালদৰে গ্ৰহণ কৰা নাছিল।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.saddahaq.com/the-inevitable-celluloid-man|title=Paidi Jairaj - The Invincible Celluloid Man|first=Vidya|last=Mahajan|access-date=2023-08-08|archivedate=2017-10-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171020135441/https://www.saddahaq.com/the-inevitable-celluloid-man|deadurl=yes}}</ref> == চলচ্চিত্ৰপঞ্জী == ===অভিনেতা ৰূপে=== {{refbegin|4}} * জগমগাতি জৱানী (১৯৩০) *চিকাৰী (১৯৩২) *মায়াজাল (১৯৩৩) *পতিত পাৱন (১৯৩৩) *ঔৰত কা দিল (১৯৩৩) *মজদুৰ (১৯৩৪) *শেৰ দিল ঔৰত (১৯৩৫) *জীৱন নাটক (১৯৩৫) *তুফানী খাজানা (১৯৩৭) *ভাবী (১৯৩৮) *মধুৰ মিলন (১৯৩৮) *জুগাৰী (১৯৩৯) *ফৰজন্দে বতন (১৯৩৯) *চম্বে দি কালি (১৯৪০) *প্ৰভাত (১৯৪১) *মালা (১৯৪১) *স্বামী (১৯৪১) *নয়ী দুনীয়া (১৯৪২) *খিলোনা (১৯৪২) *তামান্না (১৯৪২) *নয়ী কহানী (১৯৪৩) *হামাৰী বাত (১৯৪৩) *প্ৰেম সংগীত (১৯৪৩) *পান্না (১৯৪৪) *ৰাহত (১৯৪৫) *চাহজাহান (১৯৪৬) *চালগীৰা (১৯৪৬) *ৰাজপুতানী (১৯৪৬) *মনমানী (১৯৪৭) *সাজন কা ঘৰ (১৯৪৮) *অঞ্জুমন(১৯৪৮) *আজাদী কী ৰাহ পৰ (১৯৪৮) *দাৰোগাজী (১৯৪৯) *ৰুমাল (১৯৪৯) *শিংগাৰ (১৯৪৯) *অমৰ কহানী (১৯৪৯) *ৰাজপুত (১৯৫১) *সাগৰ (১৯৫১) *লাল কুঁৱৰ (১৯৫২) *ৰেশম (১৯৫২) *বাদবান (১৯৫৪) *তীৰন্দাজ (১৯৫৫) *ইনাচানিয়ত (১৯৫৫) *পৰিৱাৰ (১৯৫৬) *হাতিম তাই (১৯৫৬) *মুমতাজ মহল (১৯৫৭) *পৰদেশী (১৯৫৭) *চাৰ দিল চাৰ ৰহেঁ (১৯৫৯) *মিঃ চুপাৰমেন কী ৱাপছী (১৯৬০) *লালকিল্লা (১৯৬০) *বীৰ দুৰ্গাদাস (১৯৬০) *চম্বে কী কালী (১৯৬০, পাঞ্জাবী) *ৰাজিয়া চুলতান (১৯৬১) *আচ কা পঞ্চি (১৯৬১) *জয় চিতোড় (১৯৬১) *পিক পকেট (১৯৬২) *নাইন আৱাৰছ্ টু ৰাম (১৯৬২) *গু-এ-বকৱালী (১৯৬২) *খুফিয়া মহল (১৯৬৪) *বাগী হাচিনা (১৯৬৫) *মুজৰিম কৌন খুনী কৌন (১৯৬৫) *মায়া (১৯৬৬) *বহাৰো কে স্বপ্নে (১৯৬৭) *নীল কমল (১৯৬৮) *গুনাহ ঔৰ কানুন (১৯৭০) *জীৱন মৃত্যু (১৯৭০) *নাদান (১৯৭১) *চোটি বহু (১৯৭১) *চিংগাৰী (১৯৭১) *ছাহজাদা (১৯৭২) *গেহৰী চাল (১৯৭৩) *সুৰজ ঔৰ চন্দা (১৯৭৩) *চালিয়া (১৯৭৩) *নাগ মেৰা সাথী (১৯৭৩) *চোৰ চোৰ (১৯৭৪) *ফাচলা (১৯৭৪) *শোলে (১৯৭৫) *কালা সোণা (১৯৭৫) *ধৰ্মাত্মা (১৯৭৫) *যোদীদাস খুমান (১৯৭৫) *হিমালয় সে উচাঁ (১৯৭৫) *তুফান (১৯৭৫) *হেৰাফেৰী (১৯৭৬) *ছৰচ (১৯৭৬) *বৈৰাগ (১৯৭৬) *নাগচম্পা (১৯৭৬) *চালিয়া বাবু (১৯৭৭) *কাচ্চা চোৰ (১৯৭৭) *মুকদ্দৰ কা ছিকন্দৰ (১৯৭৮) *ডন (১৯৭৮) *আখৰী ডাকু (১৯৭৮) *খুন কা বদলা খুন (১৯৭৮) *অহিংসা (১৯৭৯) *খানদান (১৯৭৯) *নাগিন ঔৰ সুহাগন (১৯৭৯) *জ্যোতি বনে জ্বালা (১৯৮০) *চুনোতি (১৯৮০) *জজবাত (১৯৮০) *শিৱশক্তি (১৯৮০) *ফিফটি ফিফটি (১৯৮১) *খুন ঔৰ পানী (১৯৮১) *ক্ৰান্তি (১৯৮১) *অৰ্দ্ধসত্য (১৯৮৩) *মাচুম (১৯৮৩) *কৰাটে (১৯৮৩) *পুকাৰ (১৯৮৩) *পাঁচৱী মঞ্জিল (১৯৮৩) *বিন্দিয়া চমকেগি (১৯৮৪) *উচিঁ উড়ান (১৯৮৪) *জিন্দা লাচ (১৯৮৬) *খুন ভৰী মাংগ (১৯৮৮) *লম্বু দাদা (১৯৯২) *মেৰী আন (১৯৯৩) *বেতাজ বাদশাহ (১৯৯৪) *গড এণ্ড গান (১৯৯৫) {{refend}} ==বঁটা== *[[দাদা চাহেব ফাল্কে বঁটা]] - ১৯৮০ ==তথ্যউৎস== {{reflist|2}} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== *{{IMDb name|2191654|P. Jairaj}} *[http://www.pitara.com/news-for-kids/world-news/talkie-star-from-the-silent-era/ ''Talkie Star from the Silent Era''](by B. Sumangal) {{commons category}} {{Dadasaheb Phalke Award|state=collapsed}} {{Authority control}} [[শ্ৰেণী:নিৰ্বাক চলচ্চিত্ৰৰ অভিনেতা]] [[শ্ৰেণী:হিন্দী চলচ্চিত্ৰৰ অভিনেতা]] [[শ্ৰেণী:হিন্দী ভাষাৰ চলচ্চিত্ৰ পৰিচালক]] [[শ্ৰেণী:চলচ্চিত্ৰ প্ৰযোজক]] [[শ্ৰেণী:তেলুগু ব্যক্তি]] [[শ্ৰেণী:দাদাচাহেব ফাল্কে বঁটা বিজয়ী]] 7c8e1uvy3haaz20yd5qfjp4dzp5778f 0 97879 605927 374698 2026-05-12T05:07:43Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 605927 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Map Bangladesh RoadRail.png|thumb|বৰ্তমানৰ ৰেল আৰু পথ সংযোগৰ সৈতে [[বাংলাদেশ]]ৰ মানচিত্ৰ।]] '''ভাৰত আৰু বাংলাদেশৰ মাজৰ পৰিবহণে''' দুয়োখন দেশৰ বাবে বহু ঐতিহাসিক আৰু ৰাজনৈতিক তাৎপৰ্য্য বহন কৰে। উল্লেখ্য যে বংগ আৰু ভাৰত বিভাজনৰ পৰা আৰম্ভ কৰি প্ৰায় ৪৩ বছৰ ধৰি দুয়োখন দেশৰ মাজত কোনো স্থল পৰিবহণ সংযোগ নাছিল। কলকাতা–ঢাকা বাছ (১৯৯৯) আৰু ঢাকা–আগৰতলা বাছ (২০০১) আছিল দুয়োখন দেশৰ মাজৰ প্ৰাথমিক পথ সংযোগ; পৰবৰ্তী সময়ত বাংলাদেশৰ ৰাজধানী ঢাকাৰ মাজেৰে প্ৰত্যক্ষভাৱে কলকাতা-আগৰতলা বাছ সেৱা চালু কৰা হয়। ৪৩ বছৰ ধৰি বন্ধ হৈ থকা কলকাতা আৰু ঢাকাৰ মাজত ৰেলপথ পুনৰুজ্জীৱিত কৰাৰ উদ্দেশ্যে মৈত্ৰী এক্সপ্ৰেছ (অনু: বন্ধুত্ব এক্সপ্ৰেছ) আৰম্ভ কৰা হয়।<ref name="TOI">{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Kolkata-Dhaka_train_service_resumes_after_43_years/articleshow/2950159.cms |title=Kolkata-Dhaka Moitree Express flagged off |date=14 April 2008 |work=[[The Times of India]] |publisher=Times Internet Limited |access-date=21 April 2008}}</ref> ==ৰে'ল সেৱা== [[File:Railway map Bangladesh de.svg|thumb|বৰ্তমানৰ ৰেল আৰু প্ৰস্তাৱিত ৰেল সংযোগৰ সৈতে [[বাংলাদেশ]]ৰ মানচিত্ৰ।]] ভাৰত আৰু বাংলাদেশৰ মাজত ঐতিহাসিক সংযোগকে ধৰি সম্পূৰ্ণ ৰেল সংযোগ আৰু ইয়াৰ বৰ্তমানৰ অৱস্থা তলত দিয়া ধৰণৰ: {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! ভাৰতীয় ক্ৰছিং !! বাংলাদেশী ক্ৰছিং !! সীমান্ত<ref group=rail-note>বাংলাদেশৰ সীমান্তৰ ওপৰত ভিত্তি কৰি</ref> !! স্থিতি !! বৰ্তমান ৰেল সেৱা !! ঐতিহাসিক ৰেল সেৱা |- | [[w:en:Gede railway station|গেদে]] || [[w:en:Darshana railway station|দৰ্শনা]] || পশ্চিমীয়া || বৰ্তমান || [[w:en:Maitree Express|মৈত্ৰী এক্সপ্ৰেছ]] আৰু মালবাহী ৰে'ল || [[w:en:East Bengal Express|ইষ্ট বেংগল এক্সপ্ৰেছ]], [[w:en:East Bengal Mail|ইষ্ট বেংগল]]<ref name="idsa">{{cite web|last1=Thapliyal|first1=Sangeeta|title=India-Bangladesh Transportation Links: A Move for Closer Cooperation|url=http://www.idsa-india.org/an-mar9-8.html|publisher=[[Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses]]|access-date=17 November 2017|archivedate=12 October 2000|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20001012050222/http://idsa-india.org/an-mar9-8.html|deadurl=yes}}</ref> |- | [[w:en:Petrapole|পেট্ৰাপোল]] || [[w:en:Benapole railway station|বেনাপোল]] || পশ্চিমীয়া || বৰ্তমান || [[w:en:Bandhan Express|বন্ধন এক্সপ্ৰেছ]] আৰু মালবাহী গাড়ী || [[w:en:Barisal Express|বৰিশাল এক্সপ্ৰেছ]]<ref name="idsa" /> |- | [[w:en:Singhabad railway station|সিংহাবাদ]] || [[w:en:Rajshahi|ৰাজশাহী]] || পশ্চিমীয়া || বৰ্তমান || মালবাহী || |- | [[W:en:Radhikapur railway station|ৰাধিকাপুৰ]] || [[w:en:Birol, Bangladesh|বিৰোল]] || পশ্চিমীয়া || বৰ্তমান || মালবাহী || |- | [[w:en:Haldibari|হলদিবাড়ী]] || [[w:en:Chilahati|চিলাহাটী]] || উত্তৰ || বৰ্তমান || [[w:en:Mitali Express|মিতালী এক্সপ্ৰেছ]] || |- | [[w:en:Changrabandha railway station|চাংৰাবন্ধা]] || [[w:en:Burimari railway station|বুঢ়ীমাৰি]] || উত্তৰ || নিষ্ক্ৰিয় <ref group=rail-note>বৰ্তমান নিষ্ক্ৰিয় যদিও পুনৰুদ্ধাৰ কৰিবলৈ চিন্তা-চৰ্চা কৰা হৈছে</ref> || || |- | [[w:en:Mahishasan|মহিষাসন]] || [[w:en:Shahbazpur, Maulvibazar|শ্বাহবাজপুৰ]] || উত্তৰ || পুনৰুদ্ধাৰ কৰা হৈছে <ref group=rail-note>এটা মিটাৰ গেজ লাইন আছিল যদিও বন্ধ কৰি দিয়া হৈছিল। যদিও, সম্প্ৰতি পুনৰুদ্ধাৰৰ প্ৰচেষ্টা হাতত লোৱা হৈছে।</ref> || || |- | [[w:en:Agartala|আগৰতলা]] || [[w:en:Akhaura|আখাউড়া]] || উত্তৰ || পুনৰুদ্ধাৰ কৰা হৈছে<ref group=rail-note> [[w:en:Ircon International|IRCON]] দ্বাৰা এটা নতুন লাইন সত্তা বিকশিত কৰা হৈছে, আৰু ইয়াৰ খৰচ ভাৰতে বহন কৰিবলগীয়া হৈছে। বৰ্তমানে চলি থকা আগৰতলা-আখৌৰা নতুন ৰে’ল সংযোগ প্ৰকল্পৰ বাবে ভূমি অধিগ্ৰহণ ২০১৭ চনৰ অক্টোবৰ মাহতেই দুয়োখন দেশত সম্পূৰ্ণ হৈছিল আৰু ২০১৮ চনত ট্ৰেক স্থাপন সম্পূৰ্ণ হৈছিল। </ref> || || |} {{reflist|group=rail-note}} ==তথ্য সংগ্ৰহ== {{reflist}} p9y715mppfbtf0j35xdetc10lldpo3k 0 103862 605915 428740 2026-05-11T22:34:30Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 605915 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox dancer | name = বসুন্ধৰা দোৰাস্বামী | image = Vasundhara Doraisawmy-018.jpg | alt = | caption = | full_name = | birth_name = | birth_date = ১৯৪৯ | birth_place = | death_date = | death_place = | occupation = ভাৰতনাট্যম নৃত্যশিল্পী, নৃত্য পৰিচালক | years_active = | current_group = | former_groups = | dances = [[ভাৰতনাট্যম]] | website = }} বসুন্ধৰা দোৰাস্বামী ([[ইংৰাজী ভাষা|ইংৰাজী]]: Vasundhara Doraswamy) হৈছে ভৰতনাট্যম নৃত্যশিল্পী, নৃত্য পৰিচালক, নৃত্য গুৰু। তেওঁ মহীশূৰৰ “বসুন্ধৰা পাৰফৰ্মিং আৰ্টছ চেণ্টাৰ”ৰ প্ৰতিষ্ঠাপক আৰু পৰিচালক। ইয়াৰ উপৰিও তেওঁ অষ্টাংগ বিন্যাস যোগৰ শাখাত প্ৰয়াত শ্ৰী পট্টাভি জয়ছৰ অন্যতম শিষ্য<ref name="Hindu" /> আৰু বসুন্ধৰা শৈলীত নিজাকৈ উপডমেইন গঢ়ি তুলিছে।<ref>{{cite book |last1=Paul |first1=George |title=Vasundhara - Odyssey of a Dancer |date=29 October 2019 |publisher=Notion Press |isbn=9781646505050 |pages=212}}</ref> ==প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন== দক্ষিণ কৰ্ণাটকৰ মুডবিদ্ৰীত বসুন্ধৰা দোৰাস্বামীৰ জন্ম হৈছিল। তেওঁৰ পিতৃৰ নাম পণ্ডিত নাগৰাজ আৰু মাতৃৰ নাম আছিল বৰডা দেৱী। মুৰুলীধৰ ৰাওৰ তত্বাৱধানত বসুন্ধৰাই ৪ বছৰ বয়সৰ পৰাই ভাৰতনাট্যম শিকিছিল<ref>{{cite web|last1=Paul|first1=George|title=Book Review - Odyssey of a Dancer|url=https://narthaki.com/info/bookrev/bkrev36.html|website=Nartaki|publisher=Nartaki|access-date=14 September 2021}}</ref> আৰু ৫ বছৰ বয়সত ৰাজ্যিক পৰ্যায়ৰ প্ৰতিযোগিতাত সোণৰ পদক লাভ কৰিছিল। এই সাফল্যই তেওঁৰ সম্ভাৱনা উজ্জ্বল কৰি তুলিছিল আৰু তেওঁৰ পিতৃ-মাতৃয়ে পাণ্ডনালুৰ মীনাক্ষী সুন্দৰম পিল্লাইৰ ছাত্ৰ প্ৰয়াত শ্ৰীৰাজৰত্নম পিল্লাইৰ তত্বাৱধান নৃত্য শিক্ষা অব্যাহত ৰাখিছিল। বসুন্ধৰাই নিজৰ নিষ্ঠাবান প্ৰশিক্ষণৰ জৰিয়তে কৰ্ণাটক মাধ্যমিক শিক্ষা ব'ৰ্ডৰ দ্বাৰা পৰিচালিত বিদ্যাৰ্থ পৰীক্ষাত ১ম স্থান দখল কৰে আৰু একেৰাহে তিনিটা স্বৰ্ণ পদক লাভ কৰে।<ref name="energy">{{cite web|last1=Cavale|first1=Sangeetha|title=Yoga and the energy of dance|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/bangalore-times/Yoga-and-the-energy-of-dance/articleshow/5588586.cms|website=Times|publisher=Times of India|access-date=2 April 2002}}</ref> তেওঁৰ বিবাহ হৈছিল প্ৰয়াত শ্ৰী এইচ. ডোৰাস্বামীৰ সৈতে<ref name="Hindu" /> আৰু তেওঁলোকৰ এজন পুত্ৰ আছে যিয়ে অষ্ট্ৰেলিয়াত থাকে আৰু তেওঁৰ বোৱাৰী মেঘলা ভাট হীৰাছেৱে “আৰ্ট অৱ বিন্যাছা স্কুল অৱ ডান্স” পৰিচালনা কৰি তেওঁৰ পৰম্পৰা অব্যাহত ৰাখিছে। মেঘলা মেলবৰ্ণৰ FIMDV (Federation of Indian Music & Dance Victoria)ৰো সম্পাদিকা। ==কেৰিয়াৰ== ১৯৮৮ চনত বসুন্ধৰাই যোগ আৰু ভাৰতনাট্যমৰ মাজৰ সম্পৰ্কৰ ওপৰত তেওঁৰ অধ্যয়নৰ<ref>{{cite web|last1=Sobers|first1=Venkatnag|title=World is a stage for Vasundhara|url=https://starofmysore.com/world-is-a-stage-for-vasundhara/|website=Feature Article|publisher=Star of Mysore|access-date=15 September 2021}}</ref> বাবে পি.এইচ.ডি. লাভ কৰে।<ref name="yoga" /> তেওঁ লোককথাত স্নাতকোত্তৰ ডিগ্ৰীধাৰী আৰু ‘টাং-টা’ আৰু ‘কালৰিপ্পায়াট্টু’<ref name="kallari">{{cite web|last1=Kumar|first1=Sujit Chandra|title=When the body becomes all eyes|url=https://www.pressreader.com/india/deccan-chronicle/20131020/282467116627481|website=Deccan Chronicle|publisher=DC|access-date=19 September 2021}}</ref> যুদ্ধ কলাৰ এক নিখুঁত প্ৰতিষ্ঠাপক যিয়ে তেওঁৰ নৃত্যৰ বহুবিষয়ক দৃষ্টিভংগীৰ সন্ধানৰ নিশ্চয়তা প্ৰদান কৰে।<ref name="yoga">{{cite web|title=Tapping yoga for creativity|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/dance/tapping-yoga-for-creativity/article1018194.ece|website=The Hindu|publisher=The Hindu Newspaper|access-date=30 December 2010}}</ref> বসুন্ধৰাই যোগ আৰু নৃত্যৰ সম্পৰ্কৰ ওপৰত "নাট্য যোগ দৰ্শন" নামৰ এখন গ্ৰন্থ প্ৰকাশ কৰিছে।<ref>{{cite web|last1=Desk|first1=IAR|title=Vasundhara Doraswamy’s Yoga Guide for Dancers|url=https://indiaartreview.com/2021/09/17/vasundhara-doraswamys-yoga-guide-for-dancers/|website=India Art Review|publisher=India Art Review|access-date=19 September 2021|archivedate=19 September 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210919033940/https://indiaartreview.com/2021/09/17/vasundhara-doraswamys-yoga-guide-for-dancers/|deadurl=yes}}</ref> কৰ্ণাটক ৰাজ্যৰ লোকসংগীতৰ যক্ষগন সংগীতৰ সৈতে ভাৰতনাট্যমৰ একক অভিযোজন কৰি সৃষ্টি কৰা ‘পাঞ্চালী’ তেওঁৰ অন্যতম নৃত্য পৰিচালনা।<ref name="yoga" /> গংগা লাহৰী, আম্বে, দক্ষায়নী,পাঞ্চালী,<ref>{{cite web|last1=Probal|first1=Gupta|title=Aesthetic innovation within the traditional boundary|url=http://www.narthaki.com/info/rev10/rev859.html|website=Nartaki|access-date=19 September 2021}}</ref> শকুন্তকুঞ্জনা আদি হৈছে তেওঁৰ শক্তিশালী নাৰীমুখী বিষয়বস্তুৰে কৰা একক প্ৰযোজনা।<ref>{{cite web|title=Kshatra Draupadi - leaves audiences in awe|url=http://citytoday.news/vasundhara-doraswamys-dance-leaves-audience-in-awe/|website=City Today|access-date=19 September 2021|archivedate=25 February 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200225123544/https://citytoday.news/vasundhara-doraswamys-dance-leaves-audience-in-awe/|deadurl=yes}}</ref> বসুন্ধৰাক কৰ্ণাটক ৰাজ্য চৰকাৰৰ নৃত্যৰ বাবে সৰ্বোচ্চ ৰাজ্যিক বঁটা "শান্তলা নাট্য শ্ৰী বঁটা"<ref>{{cite news|title=Kannada Being Suppressed: URA|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bengaluru/Kannada-Being-Suppressed-URA/2014/05/24/article2242461.ece|access-date=19 September 2021}}{{dead link|date=February 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> আৰু ৰাজ্যোৎসৱ বঁটাৰে সন্মানিত কৰা হয়। তেওঁ আজিলৈকে কৰ্ণাটক সংগীত নৃত্য একাডেমীৰ পৰা সন্মানীয় "কৰ্ণাটক কলা তিলক"<ref name="Hindu" /> বঁটা লাভ কৰা আটাইতকৈ কম বয়সীয়া আৰু লগতে উডুপিৰ শ্ৰী কৃষ্ণ মটৰ পৰা “আস্থানা নৃত্য ৰত্ন” বঁটা প্ৰাপক একমাত্ৰ নৃত্যশিল্পী। দূৰদৰ্শন ইণ্ডিয়াৰ “চন্দনা বঁটা”, পদ্ম ভূষণ সৰোজা বৈদ্যনাথনৰ “শ্ৰেষ্ঠ কলা প্ৰচাৰক”,<ref name="award">{{cite news|title='Shreshta Kala Pracharak' award to Vasundhara|url=http://www.bangalorefirst.in/?p=4815|access-date=21 August 2016|publisher=Bangalore First|date=15 April 2013}}</ref> পদ্ম বিভূষণ শ্ৰী বালামুৰালি কৃষ্ণৰ “কলা বিপাঞ্চি”, “নাট্য জ্যোতি” আৰু “আৰ্টিষ্ট অৱ দ্য মিলেনিয়াম বঁটা” আদি লাভ কৰিছে।<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ganga|first1=Madappa|title=attendance Annual Dance Awards|url=http://bangalore.citizenmatters.in/events/attendance-annual-dance-awards|access-date=30 November 2014|publisher=Alliance Française de Bangalore}}</ref> তেওঁ হৈছে দূৰদৰ্শনৰ এগৰাকী এ গ্ৰেডপ্ৰাপ্ত শিল্পী।<ref name="Hindu">{{cite news|last1=Nathan|first1=Archana|title=The sacred framework|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/the-sacred-framework/article8077516.ece|access-date=21 August 2016|agency=The Hindu|work=The Hindu}}</ref> তেওঁ হৈছে ইউনেস্কোৰ তত্বাৱধানত পেৰিছত অনুষ্ঠিত হোৱা ‘বিশ্ব শান্তি’ সন্মিলনত ১৩৭খন দেশক প্ৰতিনিধিত্ব কৰা ২৫০০ জনীয়া দৰ্শকৰ সন্মুখত অনুষ্ঠান পৰিৱেশন কৰিবলৈ ভাৰতৰ পৰা আমন্ত্ৰিত হোৱা একমাত্ৰ ভাৰতনাট্যম নৃত্যশিল্পী।<ref name="UNESCO">{{cite web|last1=Paul|first1=George|title=VASUNDHARA MAKES HISTORY BY PERFORMING AT THE UNESCO|url=http://www.narthaki.com/info/reviews/review95.html|website=narthaki|access-date=1 January 2003}}</ref> বসুন্ধৰাক ২০১৯ বৰ্ষৰ কেন্দ্ৰীয় সংগীত নাটক একাডেমীৰ বঁটাৰে সন্মানিত কৰা হয়। বসুন্ধৰাই নিয়মিতভাৱে বিশ্বব্যাপী ভাৰতনাট্যম আৰু যোগৰ কৰ্মশালা পৰিবেশন আৰু পৰিচালনা কৰে।<ref name="usa">{{cite web|last1=Dr|first1=Krishnan|title=Classical Bharatanatyam Dance Performance in Birmingham by Vasundhara Doraswamy|url=http://www.pravasiherald.com/index.php/pravasih/comments/doraswamy130904/|publisher=Parasi Herald|access-date=4 September 2013|archivedate=17 April 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170417072540/http://www.pravasiherald.com/index.php/pravasih/comments/doraswamy130904/|deadurl=yes}}</ref> তেওঁ ব্ৰিটেইনৰ ভাৰতীয় বিদ্যা ভৱনৰ বাবে গ্ৰীষ্মকালীন শিবিৰ পৰিচালনা কৰে। আইচিচিআৰ [ভাৰতীয় সাংস্কৃতিক সম্পৰ্ক পৰিষদ]ক প্ৰতিনিধিত্ব কৰি তেওঁ চেক গণৰাজ্য, পোলেণ্ড, ফ্ৰান্স,<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Vasundhara|first1=Filliozat|title=Journée du Sanskrit|journal=Célébration du Bicentenaire (1815-2015)|date=29 June 2015|pages=31|url=http://mj.guezennec.free.fr/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/journee-sanskrit.pdf|access-date=9 September 2016|archivedate=17 April 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170417075703/http://mj.guezennec.free.fr/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/journee-sanskrit.pdf|deadurl=yes}}</ref> জাৰ্মানী, যুক্তৰাজ্য আৰু অষ্ট্ৰিয়া ভ্ৰমণ কৰিছে।<ref name="iccr">{{cite web|title=ICCR Programmes|url=http://iccr.tripod.com/indexseptem.htm|website=Indian Council for Cultural Relations|publisher=Indian Council for Cultural Relations|date=1 September 1998}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> শেহতীয়াকৈ তেওঁ আমেৰিকা, ছিংগাপুৰ, পেৰিছ আৰু অষ্ট্ৰেলিয়া ভ্ৰমণ কৰিছে।<ref>{{cite web|last1=Paritosh|first1=Parasher|title=Garba comes to Australia|url=http://www.rediff.com/us/2001/sep/03aus1.htm|website=Rediff|access-date=3 September 2001}}</ref><ref name="indianlink">{{cite web|last1=Jabbal|first1=Preeti|title=Bharatanatyam meets ballet|url=http://www.indianlink.com.au/bharatanatyam-meets-ballet/|website=Indian Link|publisher=Indian Link Melbourne|access-date=30 May 2016}}</ref> বসুন্ধৰা হৈছে আমেৰিকাৰ আলাবামা বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ<ref>{{cite web|title=Mindfulness Practices for the Academic with Guru Dr. Vasundahra Doraswamy|url=http://events.ua.edu/event/27027|website=University Of Alabama|access-date=27 August 2015|archivedate=6 September 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906031303/http://events.ua.edu/event/27027|deadurl=yes}}</ref> অতিথি অধ্যাপক।<ref name="usa" /> যোৱা ১৫ বছৰতকৈও অধিক কাল তেওঁ প্ৰতি গ্ৰীষ্মকালত লুইছভিললৈ যায় আৰু ২০১২ চনত লুইছভিলৰ কলাক্ষেত্ৰলৈ তেওঁৰ অৱদানক স্বীকৃতি দি আমেৰিকাৰ লুইছভিলৰ মেয়ৰে "লুইছভিলৰ সন্মানীয় নাগৰিক" আৰু "জীৱনজোৰা কৃতিত্ব বঁটা" প্ৰদান কৰিছে।<ref>{{cite news|title=Dr. Vasundhara awarded Hon. Citizenship of Louisville, USA|url=http://www.bangalorefirst.in/?p=2165|access-date=3 July 2012|agency=Bangalore First|publisher=Bangalore First|date=3 July 2012}}</ref> ==তথ্য সংগ্ৰহ== {{Reflist}} [[শ্ৰেণী:ভাৰতীয় নাৰী]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ভাৰতীয় নৃত্যশিল্পী]] ef8zsgsqi3hto3q85ott0kjwj9f7tdo 0 103899 605922 416125 2026-05-12T00:55:20Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 605922 wikitext text/x-wiki '''বিবাহ প্ৰতিবন্ধক''' ({{Lang-en|Marriage bar}}) হৈছে [[বিবাহ|বিবাহিত]] মহিলাৰ নিয়োগক বাধা দিয়াৰ এক প্ৰথা।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.history.com/news/great-depression-married-women-employment|title = Why Many Married Women Were Banned from Working During the Great Depression| date=8 November 2021 }}</ref> ১৯ শতিকাৰ শেষৰ ফালৰ পৰা ১৯৭০ চনলৈকে [[ইংৰাজী ভাষা|ইংৰাজী ভাষী]] দেশসমূহত সাধাৰণতে এই প্ৰথা দৃষ্টিগোচৰ হৈছিল ৷ <ref name="auto">{{cite book|title=Labor Economics|first=George J.|last=Borjas|edition=4th|year=2007|page=402|location=London|publisher=McGraw-Hill|isbn=978-0073402826}}</ref> এই প্ৰথাই প্ৰায়ে এগৰাকী মহিলাৰ বিবাহৰ সময়ত নিয়োগ বন্ধ কৰাৰ আহ্বান জনাইছিল। ইয়াৰ উপৰি, সন্তান থকা বিধৱা মহিলাসকলকো কেতিয়াবা বিবাহিত বুলি গণ্য কৰা হৈছিল, যাৰ ফলত তেওঁলোকক নিযুক্তি-প্ৰদান বাধাপ্ৰাপ্ত হৈছিল।<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title = "Must a woman . . . give it all up when she marries?": The Debate over Employing Married Women as Teachers|url = http://montanawomenshistory.org/must-a-woman-give-it-all-up-when-she-marries-the-debate-over-employing-married-women-as-teachers/|website = Women's History Matters|date = 18 December 2014|access-date = 2015-11-04|language = en-US|archivedate = 2015-12-24|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20151224185141/http://montanawomenshistory.org/must-a-woman-give-it-all-up-when-she-marries-the-debate-over-employing-married-women-as-teachers/|deadurl = yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|jstor=23196053|journal=Saothar|volume=12|pages=47–52|last1=O'Leary|first1=Eoin|title=The Irish National Teachers' Organisation and the Marriage Bar for Women National Teachers, 1933-1958 |year=1987}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/standard/history/scotland_britain_1880_now/employment_women/revision/3/|title=BBC - Standard Grade Bitesize History - Women and work : Revision, Page 3|work=bbc.co.uk|access-date=8 October 2015}}</ref> এই প্ৰথাৰ অৰ্থনৈতিক ন্যায্যতা নাছিল আৰু ইয়াৰ কঠিন প্ৰয়োগে প্ৰায়ে কৰ্মক্ষেত্ৰত বিঘ্নিত কৰিছিল। কিন্তু যুদ্ধৰ সময়ত শ্ৰমিকৰ চাহিদা বৃদ্ধি পোৱাৰ বাবে বিবাহ প্ৰতিবন্ধক বহুলভাৱে শিথিল কৰা হৈছিল। ক্লাউডিয়া গোল্ডিনে ১৯৩১ আৰু ১৯৪০ চনৰ ফাৰ্মৰ স্তৰৰ তথ্য ব্যৱহাৰ কৰি ইয়াৰ নিৰ্ণায়কসমূহ অন্বেষণ কৰিছিল৷ তেওঁৰ গৱেষণাই কৈছে যে ইয়াৰ সৈতে ভিতৰৰ পৰা পদোন্নতি, কাৰ্যকালভিত্তিক দৰমহা আৰু অন্যান্য আধুনিক কৰ্মচাৰীৰ পদ্ধতিৰ সম্পৰ্ক আছে।<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.nber.org/papers/w2747|doi=10.3386/w2747|title=Marriage Bars: Discrimination Against Married Women Workers, 1920's to 1950's|year=1988|last1=Goldin|first1=Claudia|series=Working Paper Series |s2cid=153507595|doi-access=free}}</ref> ১৯৬০ চনৰ পৰাই এই প্ৰথাক নিয়োগৰ বৈষম্য আৰু যৌন বৈষম্য বুলি বহুলভাৱে গণ্য কৰা হৈছে৷ বৈষম্য বিৰোধী আইন অনুসৰি ইয়াক বন্ধ কৰা হৈছে,নতুবা নিষিদ্ধ কৰা হৈছে। নেদাৰলেণ্ডত ১৯৫৭ চনত,<ref>''The Economics of Imperfect Labor Markets: Second Edition'', by Tito Boeri, Jan van Ours, pp. 105</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://rm.coe.int/CoERMPublicCommonSearchServices/DisplayDCTMContent?documentId=090000168045ae0e|title=Dutch gender and LGBT-equality policy, 2013-16}}</ref><ref name="auto1">{{cite web | url=http://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/Gender/publication/Netherlands_2015_Review_BPFA_Report_of_the_Netherlands_Government.pdf | title=2015 Review BPFA Report of the Netherlands Government | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151005144755/http://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/Gender/publication/Netherlands_2015_Review_BPFA_Report_of_the_Netherlands_Government.pdf | archive-date=2015-10-05}}</ref> [[অষ্ট্ৰেলিয়াৰ নাৰী|অষ্ট্ৰেলিয়া]]ত ১৯৬৬ চনত,<ref>{{cite web | url=https://insidestory.org.au/the-long-slow-demise-of-the-marriage-bar/ | title=The long, slow demise of the "marriage bar" • Inside Story | date=8 December 2016 }}</ref> আৰু আয়াৰলেণ্ডত ১৯৭৩ চনত এই প্ৰতিবন্ধক আঁতৰোৱা হয়।<ref>{{cite web |url=https://martindale.cc.lehigh.edu/sites/martindale.cc.lehigh.edu/files/Patterson.pdf |title=Women of Ireland: Change Toward Social and Political Equality in the 21st Century Irish Republic |first=Rachel A. |last=Patterson |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151008154655/https://martindale.cc.lehigh.edu/sites/martindale.cc.lehigh.edu/files/Patterson.pdf |archive-date=October 8, 2015 |access-date=March 30, 2024 |archivedate=October 8, 2015 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151008154655/https://martindale.cc.lehigh.edu/sites/martindale.cc.lehigh.edu/files/Patterson.pdf |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Galligan|title="Women and National Identity in the Republic of Ireland".|date=1997|pages=45–53}}</ref> == তাৰতম্য == "বিবাহ প্ৰতিবন্ধক" হৈছে বিবাহিত মহিলাৰ বিৰুদ্ধে সকলো বৈষম্যমূলক নিযুক্তি পদ্ধতিক সামৰি ল'বলৈ ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা এটা শব্দ৷ ১৯০০ চনত নিয়োগকৰ্তাসকলৰ বাবে দুটা ভিন্নতা সাধাৰণ আছিল : (ক) "নিযুক্তি প্ৰতিবন্ধক" হৈছে বিবাহিত মহিলাক নিযুক্তি দিয়া প্ৰতিৰোধৰ শ্ৰেণীবিভাজন আৰু (খ) "বাহাল প্ৰতিবন্ধক" (retain bar) হৈছে বিবাহিত শ্ৰমিকক ৰখাত বাধা।<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|last=Goldin|first=Claudia|date=October 1988|title=Marriage Bars: Discrimination Against Married Women Workers, 1920s to 1950s|journal=NBER Working Paper No. 2747|doi=10.3386/w2747|doi-access=free}}</ref> আপাত দৃষ্টিত বৈষম্যমূলক প্ৰথাৰ পৰা হাত সাৰিবলৈ বহু নিয়োগকৰ্তাই বিবাহিত মহিলাসকলক স্থায়ীৰ পৰিৱৰ্তে পৰিপূৰক কৰ্মচাৰী হিচাপেহে শ্ৰেণীভুক্ত কৰিবলৈ বিবাহ প্ৰতিবন্ধক ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিছিল। উদাহৰণস্বৰূপে, লয়ডছ বেংকত ১৯৪৯ চনলৈকে এইটো প্ৰথা বৰ্তি আছিল। তাৰ পিছতহে এই প্ৰথা বন্ধ কৰি দিয়া হয়৷<ref name="auto2">{{Cite web|title=1901-1950 - Lloyds Banking Group plc|url=https://www.lloydsbankinggroup.com/our-group/our-heritage/timeline/1901-1950/|website=www.lloydsbankinggroup.com}}</ref> মহিলাসকলক পূৰ্ণকালীন কৰ্মচাৰীৰ পৰিৱৰ্তে পৰিপূৰক হিচাপে শ্ৰেণীভুক্ত কৰিলে নিয়োগকৰ্তাসকলে মহিলাসকলক নিৰ্দিষ্ট দৰমহা দিয়াৰ পৰা বিৰত থাকিব পাৰে, অথবা মহিলাসকলক অধিক সহজে চাকৰিৰ পৰা বৰ্খাস্ত কৰিব পাৰে। == যুক্তৰাজ্যৰ ইতিহাস == [[যুক্তৰাজ্য|ব্ৰিটেইন]]ত সকলো শিক্ষকৰ বাবে আৰু বিবিচিত ১৯৪৪ চনত বিবাহৰ প্ৰতিবন্ধক আঁতৰোৱা হয়।<ref>{{Cite web|title=BBC - History - Themes - Women - Teaching|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/wales/history/sites/themes/society/women_teaching.shtml|access-date=2021-11-13|website=www.bbc.co.uk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Victorian Women Teachers|url=https://www.chardmuseum.co.uk/victorian-classroom|access-date=2021-11-13|website=Chard Museum|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=University|first=London Metropolitan|title=Winning Equal Pay: The value of women's work|url=http://www.unionhistory.info/equalpay/display.php?irn=100273&QueryPage=/equalpay/index.php|access-date=2021-11-13|website=www.unionhistory.info|language=en}}</ref> ১৯৩২ চনৰ পৰা ১৯৪৪ চনৰ ভিতৰত বিবিচিৰ বিবাহৰ প্ৰতিবন্ধক আছিল যদিও ই আংশিক নিষেধাজ্ঞা আছিল আৰু এই নীতিৰ ওপৰত বিবিচিৰ দুৰ্বল মতামতৰ বাবে ইয়াক সম্পূৰ্ণৰূপে বলবৎ কৰা হোৱা নাছিল।<ref name="BBCauto5">{{cite journal|title=A Marriage Bar of Convenience? The BBC and Married Women's Work 1923–39|first=Kate|last=Murphy|date=1 December 2014|journal=Twentieth Century British History|volume=25|issue=4|pages=533–561|doi=10.1093/tcbh/hwu002|pmid=25608371|url=http://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/33051/3/BBC%20Marriage%20Bar%20-%20second%20revision%20-%20final.pdf}}</ref> ব্ৰিটেইনৰ আন কেইবাটাও চাকৰিত ১৯৭০ চনৰ কোনোবা এটা সময়লৈকে বিবাহৰ প্ৰতিবন্ধক আছিল৷ উদাহৰণস্বৰূপে ১৯৭৫ চনলৈকে এই প্ৰথা বৰ্তি থকা ব্ৰিটিছ ভূতাত্ত্বিক জৰীপৰ কথা ক'ব পাৰি।<ref name="British">{{cite journal|author=Pennington, Catherine|url=http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/514086/|date=August 1, 2016|journal=GeoBlogy|title=The historic role of women scientists at BGS and a look at what is happening today }}</ref>বিবাহ প্ৰতিবন্ধকে বিবাহিত মহিলাক অসামৰিক সেৱাত যোগদান কৰাত নিষেধাজ্ঞা আৰোপ কৰিছিল। ১৯৪৬ চনত গৃহ অসামৰিক সেৱাৰ বাবে আৰু ১৯৭৩ চনত বিদেশ সেৱাৰ বাবে ইয়াক বিলুপ্ত কৰা হয়৷ তেতিয়ালৈকে মহিলাসকলে বিয়া হোৱাৰ সময়ত পদত্যাগ কৰিবলগীয়া হৈছিল।<ref>{{Cite web|title=Women in the UK Civil Service - History|url=https://www.civilservant.org.uk/women-history.html|access-date=2021-11-13|website=www.civilservant.org.uk}}</ref>১৯৭৫ চনৰ যৌন বৈষম্য আইন অনুসৰি সমগ্ৰ ব্ৰিটেইনতে বিবাহৰ প্ৰতিবন্ধক থকাটো অবৈধ কৰা হয়৷ == আমেৰিকাত ইতিহাস == ১৮০০ চনৰ শেষৰ ফালে [[আমেৰিকা যুক্তৰাষ্ট্ৰ|আমেৰিকা]]ত বিবাহ প্ৰতিবন্ধক প্ৰথাৰ সৃষ্টি হয়। শিক্ষকতা আৰু কেৰাণী উদ্যোগত বিবাহৰ প্ৰতিবন্ধক প্ৰায়ে দেখা গৈছিল। বহু মহিলাই নিজৰ চাকৰি ৰখাৰ প্ৰয়াসত নিজৰ বৈবাহিক অৱস্থা লুকুৱাই ৰাখিছিল৷ ১৯৬৪ চনত ''বিবাহ প্ৰতিবন্ধক আইন'' অনুসৰি ইয়াক নিষিদ্ধ কৰা হৈছিল৷ ১৯৬৪ চনৰ নাগৰিক অধিকাৰ আইনখনে জাতি, ৰং, লিংগ বা জাতিগত উৎপত্তিৰ ভিত্তিত নিয়োগৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত বৈষম্য নিষিদ্ধ কৰা হৈছিল৷<ref>{{cite web |last1=Houseman |first1=Susan |title=Anti-discrimination Laws |url=https://www.dol.gov/oasam/programs/history/herman/reports/futurework/conference/staffing/9.7_discrimination.htm |website=United States Department of Labor |access-date=6 December 2018 | author-link = Susan Houseman|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180907032301/https://www.dol.gov/oasam/programs/history/herman/reports/futurework/conference/staffing/9.7_discrimination.htm |archive-date=7 September 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref> সমগ্ৰ আমেৰিকাত সাধাৰণ হ'লেও কিছুমান ভৌগোলিক অঞ্চল আৰু সময়ত বিবাহৰ প্ৰতিবন্ধক শিথিল কৰা হৈছিল৷<ref name=":1" /> চহৰ অঞ্চলৰ বিপৰীতে গ্ৰাম্য অঞ্চলত প্ৰায়ে শিক্ষকৰ প্ৰয়োজন হৈছিল৷ গতিকে তেওঁলোকে বিবাহিত মহিলাক নিযুক্তি দিবলৈ ইচ্ছুক আছিল। [[প্ৰথম বিশ্বযুদ্ধ]]ৰ সময়ত বিবাহৰ বাধা কম আছিল৷ কাৰণ যুদ্ধৰ প্ৰচেষ্টাৰ সহায়ত মহিলাৰ প্ৰয়োজন আছিল।<ref name=":1" /> [[দ্বিতীয় বিশ্বযুদ্ধ]]ৰ আৰম্ভণিতে ৮৭% স্কুল পৰিষদে বিবাহিত মহিলাক নিযুক্তি নিদিলে আৰু ৭০% স্কুল পৰিষদে বিবাহিত এগৰাকী মহিলাক ধৰি ৰাখিব নোৱাৰিলে। কিন্তু ১৯৫১ চনত মাত্ৰ ১৮% স্কুল পৰিষদত "নিযুক্তি প্ৰতিবন্ধক" আৰু ১০% "বাহাল প্ৰতিবন্ধক" আছিল।<ref name=":2" /> বিবাহ প্ৰতিবন্ধকে সাধাৰণতে শিক্ষিত, মধ্যবিত্তীয় বিবাহিত মহিলা, বিশেষকৈ স্থানীয়ভাৱে জন্মগ্ৰহণ কৰা শ্বেতাংগ মহিলাসকলক প্ৰভাৱিত কৰিছিল। তেওঁলোকৰ বৃত্তি আছিল শিক্ষকতা আৰু কেৰাণীৰ কাম। উৎপাদন, ওৱেট্ৰেছ আৰু ঘৰুৱা বনকৰা মহিলাৰ দায়িত্বত থকা নিম্ন শ্ৰেণীৰ মহিলা আৰু বৰ্ণৰ মহিলাসকল প্ৰায়ে বিবাহ প্ৰতিবন্ধকৰ দ্বাৰা প্ৰভাৱিত হোৱা নাছিল।<ref name=":2" /> ১৯৬৪ চনত নাগৰিক অধিকাৰ আইন গৃহীত হোৱাৰ পাছতহে আমেৰিকাত বিবাহিত মহিলা শিক্ষকৰ বিৰুদ্ধে থকা বৈষম্য বন্ধ হৈছিল।[3] == ন্যায্যতা == ১৯৪৬ চনত ব্ৰিটিছ ৰক্ষণশীল আলোচনী ''দ্য স্পেক্টেটৰ''ত প্ৰকাশিত এটা প্ৰবন্ধত বিবাহ প্ৰতিবন্ধকৰ ন্যায্যতা প্ৰদানৰ বাবে কেইটামান কাৰণ উল্লেখ কৰা হৈছিল।<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title = The Marriage Bar » 22 Aug 1946 » The Spectator Archive|url = http://archive.spectator.co.uk/article/23rd-august-1946/2/the-marriage-bar|website = The Spectator Archive|access-date = 2015-11-04}}</ref> প্ৰবন্ধটোত কোৱা হৈছিল যে বিবাহিত মহিলাসকলক স্বামীয়ে সহায় কৰিছিল, সেয়েহে তেওঁলোকক চাকৰিৰ প্ৰয়োজন নাছিল।<ref name=":0" />তদুপৰি, সমৰ্থকসকলে "প্ৰকৃততে" নিয়োগৰ প্ৰয়োজন বুলি ভবাসকলৰ বাবে বিবাহ প্ৰতিবন্ধকে অধিক সুযোগ প্ৰদান কৰিছিল বুলি কয়; যেনে: একক মহিলা।[22] স্পেক্টেটৰে দিয়া আন এটা যুক্তিত কোৱা হৈছে যে বিবাহিত মহিলাসকলতকৈ অবিবাহিত মহিলাসকল অধিক নিৰ্ভৰযোগ্য আৰু গতিশীল, <ref name=":0" />কাৰণ তেওঁলোকৰ পৰিয়াল বা অন্যান্য জৰুৰী দায়িত্ব নাছিল।<ref name=":0" /> বিশেষকৈ প্ৰথম বিশ্বযুদ্ধ অন্ত পৰাৰ পিছত বিবাহৰ প্ৰতিবন্ধক সামাজিক আৰু অৰ্থনৈতিক অস্থিৰতাৰ সৈতেও জড়িত আছিল। কিন্তু যিবোৰ ঠাইত বিবাহিত মহিলাক তত্ত্বাৱধায়ক হিচাপে লোৱাৰ অতি শক্তিশালী পৰম্পৰা আছিল, সেইবোৰ ঠাইত বিবাহৰ বাধা প্ৰায়ে পৰম্পৰাৰ ওপৰত ন্যায্য আছিল।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.striking-women.org/module/women-and-work/inter-war-years-1918-1939|title=The inter-war years: 1918-1939 &#124; Striking Women|website=www.striking-women.org}}</ref> == একেধৰণৰ প্ৰথা == বিবাহ প্ৰতিবন্ধকৰ সৈতে প্ৰত্যক্ষভাৱে জড়িত নহ’লেও কিছুমান বাস্তৱিকতে বৈষম্যমূলক নিযুক্তিৰ প্ৰথাই মহিলাসকলৰ বাবে ১৯০০ চনৰ আৰম্ভণিতে বিবাহ প্ৰতিবন্ধকৰ দৰেই উদ্বেগ সৃষ্টি কৰিছিল। উদাহৰণস্বৰূপে,গৰ্ভৱতী মহিলাৰ বিৰুদ্ধে কিছুমান বৈষম্যমূলক প্ৰথাৰ ফলত ১৯৭৮ চনৰ [[গৰ্ভাৱস্থা বৈষম্য আইন]] প্ৰণয়ন কৰা হয়। == লগতে চাওক == * [[লিংগ অনুসৰি মজুৰিৰ ব্যৱধান]] * [[লিংগ বৈষম্য]] * [[ভাৰতত লিংগ অনুসৰি মজুৰিৰ ব্যৱধান]] == তথ্যসূত্ৰ == {{reflist|30em}} == অধিক তথ্য == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20091002232105/http://www.apsc.gov.au/media/briggs201106.htm বিবাহ প্ৰতিবন্ধক উঠাই দিয়াৰ ৪০ বছৰীয়া জয়ন্তী উদযাপন] - অষ্ট্ৰেলিয়ান পাব্লিক চাৰ্ভিচৰ বিবাহ প্ৰতিবন্ধক সম্পৰ্কে ২০০৬ চনত লায়নেল ব্ৰিগছে প্ৰদান কৰা ভাষণৰ প্ৰতিলিপি। [[শ্ৰেণী:নাৰীৰ অধিকাৰ]] [[শ্ৰেণী:নাৰীবাদ]] [[শ্ৰেণী:লিংগ বৈষম্য]] [[শ্ৰেণী:বিবাহ]] 0x5pox3iv7t94r5w907udar3bybjw12 10 107565 605886 577721 2026-05-11T17:26:24Z Pujaborah12 46355 /* মাইনা গাম */ Minor edit 605886 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = মাইনা গাম | image =MainaGam.jpg | image_size = 200px | caption = Indian Story Writer | birth_date = ১ জানুৱাৰী ১৯৯৯ | nationality = ভাৰতীয় | occupation = লেখক (ইংৰাজী: Writer) }} ==মাইনা গাম == অসমৰ ব্ৰহ্মপুত্ৰ নদীৰ মাজমজিয়াত অৱস্থিত চিত্ৰময় দ্বীপ মাজুলীত মাইনা গাম ৰ জন্ম হৈছিল। এই নদীৰ পাৰৰ দ্বীপটোৰ সজীৱ সংস্কৃতি আৰু প্ৰাকৃতিক সৌন্দৰ্য্যৰ মাজত ডাঙৰ-দীঘল হোৱা মাইনাই প্ৰকৃতি আৰু অঞ্চলটোৰ চহকী ঐতিহ্য দুয়োটাৰে সৈতে গভীৰ সম্পৰ্ক ৰাখি ডাঙৰ-দীঘল হৈছিল। ==কিতাপ== *বৈদ্যুতিক সুৰক্ষা আৰু সুৰক্ষা[https://www.barnesandnoble.com/w/electrical-safety-and-protection-maina-gam/1146436430?ean=2940180480767] *মৌলিক বৈদ্যুতিক আৰু ইলেক্ট্ৰিচিয়ান তত্ত্বৰ কিতাপ: বৈদ্যুতিক অভিযান্ত্ৰিকী [https://www.amazon.com/Basic-Electrical-Electrician-Theory-Book-ebook/dp/B0DKBJFF9D?ref_=Oct_d_onr_d_5363_2&pd_rd_w=YXqSj&content-id=amzn1.sym.ef6f06ea-36e0-4e0f-9535-627c4ba3aa58&pf_rd_p=ef6f06ea-36e0-4e0f-9535-627c4ba3aa58&pf_rd_r=3E9GXBH6CDFTF9Y4JAKE&pd_rd_wg=7KmYd&pd_rd_r=789ea09c-836c-4934-ac0f-02b4a05970da&pd_rd_i=B0DKBJFF9D] ==যোগাযোগ == *ৱেবছাইট :[https://ayangokum.blogspot.com/?m=1] *ফেচবুক :[https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100008107606557&mibextid=ZbWKwL] *ইনষ্টাগ্ৰাম:[https://www.instagram.com/mainagamgam?igsh=ZHUzcHBwZXg3d3Jx] *জিমেইল :maingamofficial@gmail.com 2xrjnyxdzqb1rqvhj5yaw73zmjnxqc0 605887 605886 2026-05-11T17:27:02Z Pujaborah12 46355 /* কিতাপ */ Minor edit 605887 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = মাইনা গাম | image =MainaGam.jpg | image_size = 200px | caption = Indian Story Writer | birth_date = ১ জানুৱাৰী ১৯৯৯ | nationality = ভাৰতীয় | occupation = লেখক (ইংৰাজী: Writer) }} ==মাইনা গাম == অসমৰ ব্ৰহ্মপুত্ৰ নদীৰ মাজমজিয়াত অৱস্থিত চিত্ৰময় দ্বীপ মাজুলীত মাইনা গাম ৰ জন্ম হৈছিল। এই নদীৰ পাৰৰ দ্বীপটোৰ সজীৱ সংস্কৃতি আৰু প্ৰাকৃতিক সৌন্দৰ্য্যৰ মাজত ডাঙৰ-দীঘল হোৱা মাইনাই প্ৰকৃতি আৰু অঞ্চলটোৰ চহকী ঐতিহ্য দুয়োটাৰে সৈতে গভীৰ সম্পৰ্ক ৰাখি ডাঙৰ-দীঘল হৈছিল। ==কিতাপ== *বৈদ্যুতিক সুৰক্ষা আৰু সুৰক্ষা *মৌলিক বৈদ্যুতিক আৰু ইলেক্ট্ৰিচিয়ান তত্ত্বৰ কিতাপ: বৈদ্যুতিক অভিযান্ত্ৰিকী ==যোগাযোগ == *ৱেবছাইট :[https://ayangokum.blogspot.com/?m=1] *ফেচবুক :[https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100008107606557&mibextid=ZbWKwL] *ইনষ্টাগ্ৰাম:[https://www.instagram.com/mainagamgam?igsh=ZHUzcHBwZXg3d3Jx] *জিমেইল :maingamofficial@gmail.com qowwbeq3cj3bevzlcagggzayjn0qhsl 605888 605887 2026-05-11T17:27:47Z Pujaborah12 46355 /* যোগাযোগ */ Minor edit 605888 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = মাইনা গাম | image =MainaGam.jpg | image_size = 200px | caption = Indian Story Writer | birth_date = ১ জানুৱাৰী ১৯৯৯ | nationality = ভাৰতীয় | occupation = লেখক (ইংৰাজী: Writer) }} ==মাইনা গাম == অসমৰ ব্ৰহ্মপুত্ৰ নদীৰ মাজমজিয়াত অৱস্থিত চিত্ৰময় দ্বীপ মাজুলীত মাইনা গাম ৰ জন্ম হৈছিল। এই নদীৰ পাৰৰ দ্বীপটোৰ সজীৱ সংস্কৃতি আৰু প্ৰাকৃতিক সৌন্দৰ্য্যৰ মাজত ডাঙৰ-দীঘল হোৱা মাইনাই প্ৰকৃতি আৰু অঞ্চলটোৰ চহকী ঐতিহ্য দুয়োটাৰে সৈতে গভীৰ সম্পৰ্ক ৰাখি ডাঙৰ-দীঘল হৈছিল। ==কিতাপ== *বৈদ্যুতিক সুৰক্ষা আৰু সুৰক্ষা *মৌলিক বৈদ্যুতিক আৰু ইলেক্ট্ৰিচিয়ান তত্ত্বৰ কিতাপ: বৈদ্যুতিক অভিযান্ত্ৰিকী ==যোগাযোগ == *জিমেইল :maingamofficial@gmail.com obxje59a0og7ycg9tw99t9l0b4v4wbp 605889 605888 2026-05-11T17:29:16Z Pujaborah12 46355 /* সাহিত্যিক যাত্ৰা */ Minor edit 605889 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = মাইনা গাম | image =MainaGam.jpg | image_size = 200px | caption = Indian Story Writer | birth_date = ১ জানুৱাৰী ১৯৯৯ | nationality = ভাৰতীয় | occupation = লেখক (ইংৰাজী: Writer) }} ==মাইনা গাম == অসমৰ ব্ৰহ্মপুত্ৰ নদীৰ মাজমজিয়াত অৱস্থিত চিত্ৰময় দ্বীপ মাজুলীত মাইনা গাম ৰ জন্ম হৈছিল। এই নদীৰ পাৰৰ দ্বীপটোৰ সজীৱ সংস্কৃতি আৰু প্ৰাকৃতিক সৌন্দৰ্য্যৰ মাজত ডাঙৰ-দীঘল হোৱা মাইনাই প্ৰকৃতি আৰু অঞ্চলটোৰ চহকী ঐতিহ্য দুয়োটাৰে সৈতে গভীৰ সম্পৰ্ক ৰাখি ডাঙৰ-দীঘল হৈছিল। ==সাহিত্যিক যাত্ৰা == জীৱনৰ কেনভাছ (Jibonor Canvas): এইখন তেওঁৰ এখন জনপ্ৰিয় কাব্য সংকলন, য’ত মানুহৰ আৱেগ আৰু জীৱনৰ বিভিন্ন ৰঙৰ কাব্যিক প্ৰকাশ ঘটিছে। ==যোগাযোগ == *জিমেইল :maingamofficial@gmail.com 7u3ys9h6lws9gu2l6m24vet0cayhr7f 605890 605889 2026-05-11T17:29:46Z Pujaborah12 46355 /* মাইনা গাম */ Information 605890 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = মাইনা গাম | image =MainaGam.jpg | image_size = 200px | caption = Indian Story Writer | birth_date = ১ জানুৱাৰী ১৯৯৯ | nationality = ভাৰতীয় | occupation = লেখক (ইংৰাজী: Writer) }} ==মাইনা গাম == মাইনা গাম বৰ্তমানৰ অসমীয়া সাহিত্য জগতৰ এগৰাকী উদীয়মান লেখক আৰু কবি। ১৯৯৯ চনৰ ১ জানুৱাৰীত বিশ্বৰ বৃহত্তম নদী দ্বীপ মাজুলীত তেওঁৰ জন্ম হয়। মাজুলীৰ প্ৰাকৃতিক সৌন্দৰ্য আৰু ইয়াৰ চহকী সাংস্কৃতিক পৰিৱেশৰ মাজত ডাঙৰ-দীঘল হোৱা বাবে তেওঁৰ লিখনিত প্ৰকৃতি, মানৱতা আৰু সমাজৰ প্ৰতি থকা দায়বদ্ধতা স্পষ্টকৈ ফুটি উঠে। ==সাহিত্যিক যাত্ৰা == জীৱনৰ কেনভাছ (Jibonor Canvas): এইখন তেওঁৰ এখন জনপ্ৰিয় কাব্য সংকলন, য’ত মানুহৰ আৱেগ আৰু জীৱনৰ বিভিন্ন ৰঙৰ কাব্যিক প্ৰকাশ ঘটিছে। ==যোগাযোগ == *জিমেইল :maingamofficial@gmail.com k9e44lko4v10wbaezwtqq09f4kh6rgl 605891 605890 2026-05-11T17:30:17Z Pujaborah12 46355 /* লেখক পৰিচিতি: মাইনা গাম */ Information edit 605891 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = মাইনা গাম | image =MainaGam.jpg | image_size = 200px | caption = Indian Story Writer | birth_date = ১ জানুৱাৰী ১৯৯৯ | nationality = ভাৰতীয় | occupation = লেখক (ইংৰাজী: Writer) }} ==লেখক পৰিচিতি: মাইনা গাম == মাইনা গাম বৰ্তমানৰ অসমীয়া সাহিত্য জগতৰ এগৰাকী উদীয়মান লেখক আৰু কবি। ১৯৯৯ চনৰ ১ জানুৱাৰীত বিশ্বৰ বৃহত্তম নদী দ্বীপ মাজুলীত তেওঁৰ জন্ম হয়। মাজুলীৰ প্ৰাকৃতিক সৌন্দৰ্য আৰু ইয়াৰ চহকী সাংস্কৃতিক পৰিৱেশৰ মাজত ডাঙৰ-দীঘল হোৱা বাবে তেওঁৰ লিখনিত প্ৰকৃতি, মানৱতা আৰু সমাজৰ প্ৰতি থকা দায়বদ্ধতা স্পষ্টকৈ ফুটি উঠে। ==সাহিত্যিক যাত্ৰা == জীৱনৰ কেনভাছ (Jibonor Canvas): এইখন তেওঁৰ এখন জনপ্ৰিয় কাব্য সংকলন, য’ত মানুহৰ আৱেগ আৰু জীৱনৰ বিভিন্ন ৰঙৰ কাব্যিক প্ৰকাশ ঘটিছে। ==যোগাযোগ == *জিমেইল :maingamofficial@gmail.com 821vizryz95bg9mrwxv4mhuwgiixodg 605892 605891 2026-05-11T17:31:24Z Pujaborah12 46355 /* লেখক পৰিচিতি: মাইনা গাম (Maina Gam ) */ Minor edit 605892 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = মাইনা গাম | image =MainaGam.jpg | image_size = 200px | caption = Indian Story Writer | birth_date = ১ জানুৱাৰী ১৯৯৯ | nationality = ভাৰতীয় | occupation = লেখক (ইংৰাজী: Writer) }} ==লেখক পৰিচিতি: মাইনা গাম (Maina Gam )== মাইনা গাম বৰ্তমানৰ অসমীয়া সাহিত্য জগতৰ এগৰাকী উদীয়মান লেখক আৰু কবি। ১৯৯৯ চনৰ ১ জানুৱাৰীত বিশ্বৰ বৃহত্তম নদী দ্বীপ মাজুলীত তেওঁৰ জন্ম হয়। মাজুলীৰ প্ৰাকৃতিক সৌন্দৰ্য আৰু ইয়াৰ চহকী সাংস্কৃতিক পৰিৱেশৰ মাজত ডাঙৰ-দীঘল হোৱা বাবে তেওঁৰ লিখনিত প্ৰকৃতি, মানৱতা আৰু সমাজৰ প্ৰতি থকা দায়বদ্ধতা স্পষ্টকৈ ফুটি উঠে। ==সাহিত্যিক যাত্ৰা == জীৱনৰ কেনভাছ (Jibonor Canvas): এইখন তেওঁৰ এখন জনপ্ৰিয় কাব্য সংকলন, য’ত মানুহৰ আৱেগ আৰু জীৱনৰ বিভিন্ন ৰঙৰ কাব্যিক প্ৰকাশ ঘটিছে। ==যোগাযোগ == *জিমেইল :maingamofficial@gmail.com i992acl3fvi5dzs0iswn8vjpqfmo199 605893 605892 2026-05-11T17:31:56Z Pujaborah12 46355 /* লেখক পৰিচিতি: মাইনা গাম Maina Gam */ Minor edit 605893 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = মাইনা গাম | image =MainaGam.jpg | image_size = 200px | caption = Indian Story Writer | birth_date = ১ জানুৱাৰী ১৯৯৯ | nationality = ভাৰতীয় | occupation = লেখক (ইংৰাজী: Writer) }} ==লেখক পৰিচিতি: মাইনা গাম Maina Gam == মাইনা গাম বৰ্তমানৰ অসমীয়া সাহিত্য জগতৰ এগৰাকী উদীয়মান লেখক আৰু কবি। ১৯৯৯ চনৰ ১ জানুৱাৰীত বিশ্বৰ বৃহত্তম নদী দ্বীপ মাজুলীত তেওঁৰ জন্ম হয়। মাজুলীৰ প্ৰাকৃতিক সৌন্দৰ্য আৰু ইয়াৰ চহকী সাংস্কৃতিক পৰিৱেশৰ মাজত ডাঙৰ-দীঘল হোৱা বাবে তেওঁৰ লিখনিত প্ৰকৃতি, মানৱতা আৰু সমাজৰ প্ৰতি থকা দায়বদ্ধতা স্পষ্টকৈ ফুটি উঠে। ==সাহিত্যিক যাত্ৰা == জীৱনৰ কেনভাছ (Jibonor Canvas): এইখন তেওঁৰ এখন জনপ্ৰিয় কাব্য সংকলন, য’ত মানুহৰ আৱেগ আৰু জীৱনৰ বিভিন্ন ৰঙৰ কাব্যিক প্ৰকাশ ঘটিছে। ==যোগাযোগ == *জিমেইল :maingamofficial@gmail.com rhs60wie012dg59soxo5xphirjaso10 605894 605893 2026-05-11T17:33:50Z Pujaborah12 46355 /* লেখক পৰিচিতি: মাইনা গাম Maina Gam */ Minor edit 605894 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = মাইনা গাম | image =MainaGam.jpg | image_size = 200px | caption = Indian Story Writer | birth_date = ১ জানুৱাৰী ১৯৯৯ | nationality = ভাৰতীয় | occupation = লেখক (ইংৰাজী: Writer) }} ==লেখক পৰিচিতি: মাইনা গাম Maina Gam == মাইনা গাম বৰ্তমানৰ অসমীয়া সাহিত্য জগতৰ এগৰাকী উদীয়মান লেখক আৰু কবি। ১৯৯৯ চনৰ ১ জানুৱাৰীত বিশ্বৰ বৃহত্তম নদী দ্বীপ মাজুলীত তেওঁৰ জন্ম হয়। মাজুলীৰ প্ৰাকৃতিক সৌন্দৰ্য আৰু ইয়াৰ চহকী সাংস্কৃতিক পৰিৱেশৰ মাজত ডাঙৰ-দীঘল হোৱা বাবে তেওঁৰ লিখনিত প্ৰকৃতি, মানৱতা আৰু সমাজৰ প্ৰতি থকা দায়বদ্ধতা স্পষ্টকৈ ফুটি উঠে। গামে অতি কম বয়সৰ পৰাই কবিতা আৰু চুটিগল্পৰ জৰিয়তে সাহিত্য জগতত খোজ পেলায়। তেওঁৰ লিখনিত কাব্যিকতাৰ লগতে ৰহস্যধৰ্মী (Mystery) আৰু সমাজ সচেতনতামূলক বিষয়ৰ প্ৰাধান্য দেখা যায়। ==সাহিত্যিক যাত্ৰা == জীৱনৰ কেনভাছ (Jibonor Canvas): এইখন তেওঁৰ এখন জনপ্ৰিয় কাব্য সংকলন, য’ত মানুহৰ আৱেগ আৰু জীৱনৰ বিভিন্ন ৰঙৰ কাব্যিক প্ৰকাশ ঘটিছে। ==যোগাযোগ == *জিমেইল :maingamofficial@gmail.com 0fgl0f73lido8xquil9gm1roai1xuab 0 108106 605883 532623 2026-05-11T16:59:55Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 605883 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = পুলক বন্দ্যোপাধ্যায় | image = Pulak Bandyopadhyay.jpg | image_size = 160px | caption = | birth_name = | birth_date ={{Birth date|1931|05|31}} | death_date = {{Death date and age|1999|09|07|1931|05|31}} <!-- (DEATH date then BIRTH date) --> | birth_place = সালকিয়া, হাওড়া, [[পশ্চিম বংগ]] | death_place = | residence = | occupation = গীতিকাৰ, সুৰকাৰ | years_active = | spouse = | partner = | children = | parents = | relatives = | awards = | website = | signature = }} {{Listen | type = music | filename = আমি_খাতার_পাতায়_চেয়েছিলাম.mp3 | title = আমি_খাতাৰ_পাতায়_চেয়েছিলাম (কিতাপখন পঢ়িবলৈ_বুজিছিলো) | description = গীতিকাৰ পুলক বন্দ্যোপাধ্যায়, সুৰকাৰ [[মান্না দে]] এবং সংগীত শিল্পী [[আশা ভোছলে]] | pos = }} '''পুলক বন্দ্যোপাধ্যায়''' (২ মে ১৯৩১ – ৭ চেপ্তেম্বৰ ১৯৯৯)<ref name="পুলক বন্দ্যোপাধ্যায় ">{{cite web | url=https://www.gaanerpata.com/pulak/ | title=গানেৰ পাতা ডটকম | accessdate=8 October 2024}}</ref> এজন ভাৰতীয় বাঙালী গীতিকাৰ, সুৰকাৰ আৰু চাৰি হাজাৰৰো অধিক গীতৰ স্ৰষ্টা।<ref name="কেন নদীতে ঝাঁপ দিয়েছিলেন পুলক">{{cite web | url=https://www.prothomalo.com/entertainment/song/e6x3ph3ao4 | title=প্ৰথম আলো | accessdate=8 October 2024}}</ref> ==জন্ম আৰু প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন== পুলক বন্দ্যোপাধ্যায়ৰ জন্ম হাওড়াৰ সালকিয়াত।<ref name="নয়াবাৰ্তা">{{cite web | url=https://nayabarta.com/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%9D%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%81%E0%A6%AA-%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87/ | title=কেন নদীতে ঝাঁপ দিয়েছিলেন পুলক | accessdate=9 October 2024}}</ref> পিতৃ কান্তিভূষণ বন্দ্যোপাধ্যায় আছিল শান্তিনিকেতনৰ আৰম্ভণিৰ সময়ৰ ছাত্ৰ আৰু নিৰ্বাকযুগৰ চলচ্চিত্ৰ-নায়ক।<ref>{{cite book | title=কথায় কথায় ৰাত হয়ে যায় | publisher=সাহিত্য সংসদ্ | author=পুলক বন্দ্যোপাধ্যায় | year=১৯৫৬ | pages=৮}}</ref> হাওৰাৰ এংলো সংস্কৃত স্কুলত পুলক বন্দ্যোপাধ্যায়ৰ পঢ়া-শুনা আৰম্ভ আৰু পৰৱৰ্তী সময়ত কলকাতাৰ স্কটিশ চাৰ্চ কলেজৰ পৰা বাংলা বিষয়ত অনাৰ্চসহ স্নাতক।<ref name="ফিচাৰ">{{cite web | url=https://www.newsg24.com/feature-news/16245/ | title=পুলক বন্দ্যোপাধ্যায়েৰ চলে যাওয়াৰ দিন আজ | accessdate=8 October 2024}}</ref> পুলক বন্দ্যোপাধ্যায়‍ে মাত্ৰ ১৭ বছৰ বয়সতে‍ চলচ্চিত্ৰৰ বাবে‍ গীত ৰচনা কৰিছিল আৰু সৰোজ মুখোপাধ্যায়ৰ ''অভিমান'' বোলছবিত তেওঁ ৰচিত গীতে‍ প্ৰথম প্ৰাণ পাইছিল।<ref name="ফিচাৰ"/> ==কৰ্ম-জীৱন== সঙ্গীত, নাটক আৰু সাহিত্যত পুলক বন্দ্যোপাধ্যায়‍ৰ পৰিয়ালৰ যথেষ্ট খ্যাতি আছিল আৰু পৰিয়ালৰ সেই পৰিৱেশেই তেওঁক এজন গীতিকাৰ হিচাপে‍ প্ৰতিষ্ঠিত হোৱাত সহায় কৰিছিল।<ref name="চিন্তন">{{cite web | url=https://chintannews.com/tribute-to-eminent-personality-pulak-bandopadhyay-on-his-birthday/ | title=জন্মদিনে বিশিষ্ট ব্যক্তিত্ব পুলক বন্দোপাধ্যায়কে শ্ৰদ্ধাঞ্জলি | accessdate=9 October 2024 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> পঞ্চম/ষষ্ঠ শ্ৰেণীত পঢি় থাকেোঁতই ''আনন্দবাজাৰ''ৰ ''আনন্দমেলা''ত তেওঁৰ কবিতা ছপা হৈছিল আৰু তাৰ বাবদ আলোচনীৰ পৰা পাঁচ টকা মাননি লাভ কৰিছিল।<ref>{{cite book | title=কথায় কথায় ৰাত হয়ে যায় | publisher=সাহিত্য সংসদ্ | author=পুলক বন্দ্যোপাধ্যায় | year=১৯৫৬ | pages=৭}}</ref> কলেজীয়া জীৱনৰ আৰম্ভণিতেই তেওঁৰ গল্প মাহেকীয়া ''ভাৰতবৰ্ষ'' আলোচনীত ছপা হৈছিল।<ref name="মিলনসাগৰ">{{cite web | url=https://www.milansagar.com/kobi/pulak_bandyopadhyay/kobi-pulakbandopadhyay.html | title=কবিদেৰ সভা | accessdate=9 October 2024}}</ref> বাংলা আধুনিক গীতৰ জগতত এসময়ত মান্না দে আৰু পুলক বন্দ্যোপাধ্যায়ৰ জুটি‍ আছিল এক জনপ্ৰিয় জুটি। মান্না দেই গোৱা প্ৰেমৰ গীতবোৰৰ সিংহভাগৰে‍ই গীতিকাৰ পুলক বন্দ্যোপাধ্যায়।<ref name="ফিচাৰ"/> পুলক বন্দ্যোপাধ্যায় ৰচিত গীতত মান্না দে, হেমন্ত মুখোপাধ্যায়, গীতা দত্ত, লতা মঙ্গেশকৰ, আশা ভোছলে, হৈমন্তী শুক্লা, শ্যামল মিত্ৰ, ভূপেন হাজৰি‍কা, আৰতী মুখোপাধ্যায়সহ অনেক বিখ্যাত শিল্পীয়ে‍ কণ্ঠ নিগৰাইছিল।<ref name="ফিচাৰ"/> তেওঁ গীত ৰচনাৰ লগতে‍ উপন্যাস, চিত্ৰনাট্য আৰু শিশু সাহিত্য ৰচনা কৰি থৈ‍ গৈছে। তেওঁ ''প্ৰান্তৰেখা'', ''ৰাগ-অনুৰাগ'', ''নন্দিতা'', ''হাৰানো প্ৰাপ্তি নিৰুদ্দেশ'', ''বন্দীবলাকা'', ''নাগপঞ্চমী'', ''নাগজ্য‍োতি'' আদি চলচ্চিত্ৰৰ চিত্ৰনাট্য আৰু সংলাপ ৰচনা কৰিছিল।<ref name="মিলনসাগৰ"/> তেওঁৰ গীতৰ সংকলন ''আমাৰ প্ৰিয় গান'', শিশু কবিতাৰ সংকলন ''বাহাত্তুৰে‍'' আৰু গল্প সংকলন ''শেষ সংলাপ''। তেওঁৰ আত্মজীৱনীমূলক গ্ৰন্থ ''কথায় কথায় ৰাত হয়ে যায়''।<ref name="ফিচাৰ ডেস্ক">{{cite web | url=https://www.jagonews24.com/feature/article/792411 | title=পুলক বন্দ্যোপাধ্যায়েৰ প্ৰয়াণ | accessdate=9 October 2024}}</ref> পুলক বন্দ্যোপাধ্যায় ৰচিত বাংলা আধুনিক গীতসমূহৰ ভিতৰত শ্ৰ‍োতাৰ পৰিচিত দুটিমান গীত হ'ল - ‘ক ফোঁটা চোখেৰ জল’, ‘তুমি নিজেৰ মুখে বললে যেদিন’, ‘পৌষেৰ কাছাকাছি ৰোদমাখা সেই দিন’, ‘চিৰদিনই তুমি যে আমাৰ’, ‘বহুদূৰ থেকে এ কথা’, ‘ভালোবাসা ছাড়া আৰ আছে কী’, ‘ৰঙ্গিলা বাঁশিতে কে ডাকে’, ‘আমাৰ বলাৰ কিছু ছিল না’, ‘নিঝুম সন্ধ্যায় পান্থ পাখিৰা’, ‘এক বৈশাখে দেখা হলো দুজনায়’, ‘আজ মন চেয়েছে আমি হাৰি‍য়ে যাব হাৰি‍য়ে যাব’, ‘মা মাগো মা, মা গো মা, আমি এলাম তোমাৰ কোলে’।<ref name="কেন নদীতে ঝাঁপ দিয়েছিলেন পুলক"/> ==মৃত্যু== ১৯৯৯ চনৰ ৭ চেপ্তেম্বৰ তাৰিখে গঙ্গা নদীত নাৱৰ পৰা জঁপিয়াই তেওঁ আত্মহত্যা কৰে।<ref name="আনন্দবাজাৰ পত্ৰিকা">{{cite web | url=https://www.anandabazar.com/rabibashoriyo/untold-story-of-bengali-lyricist-music-composer-pulak-bandyopadhyay-1.660722 | title=সুৰেৰ ওপৰ গান লেখাৰ আশ্চৰ্য গুণ | accessdate=9 October 2024}}</ref><ref name="অৰিত্ৰ সোম">{{cite web | url=https://www.prohor.in/pulak-bandyopadhyay-killed-himself-by-drowning-in-ganges | title=লঞ্চ থেকে গঙ্গায় ঝাঁপ দিয়ে আত্মহনন; কোন অৱসাদ গ্ৰাস কৰে‍ছিল পুলক বন্দ্যোপাধ্যায়কে? | accessdate=9 October 2024}}</ref> সে ঘটনাৰ দুদিন পূৰ্বে‍ অৰ্থাৎ ৭ চেপ্তেম্বৰ তাৰিখে তেওঁ লিখি‍ছিল এনেদৰে -‘আমাকে একটু জায়গা দাও মায়েৰ মন্দিৰে‍ বসি’ আৰু শেষৰফালে‍ লিখি‍ছিল, ‘যখন এমন হয়, জীৱনটা মনে হয় ব্যৰ্থ আৱৰ্জনা/ ভাবি গঙ্গায় ঝাঁপ দি, ৰে‍লেৰ লাইনে মাথা ৰাখি’।<ref name="কেন নদীতে ঝাঁপ দিয়েছিলেন পুলক"/> ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== [[শ্ৰেণী:ভাৰতীয় সংগীতজ্ঞ]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ভাৰতীয় গীতিকাৰ]] [[শ্ৰেণী:বঙালী ব্যক্তি]] [[শ্ৰেণী:মৃত ব্যক্তি]] g98iwlxobz72z5qlcrw3idppuwy6pdu 0 110284 605871 455724 2026-05-11T15:25:23Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 605871 wikitext text/x-wiki '''পাকিস্তানৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় প্ৰতীকচিহ্ন {{lang_en|National Symbols of Pakistan}}'''পাকিস্তানত কেইবাটাও চৰকাৰী ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় প্ৰতীক আছে, যাৰ ভিতৰত আছে এখন পতাকা, এটা প্ৰতীক, এটা ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় সংগীত, এটা স্মাৰক টাৱাৰ আৰু লগতে কেইবাজনো ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় নায়ক। প্ৰতীকবোৰ [[পাকিস্তান]]ৰ অস্তিত্বৰ বিভিন্ন পৰ্যায়ত গ্ৰহণ কৰা হৈছিল আৰু তেওঁলোকৰ সংজ্ঞা বা ব্যৱহাৰ নিয়ন্ত্ৰণ কৰা বিভিন্ন নিয়ম আৰু নিয়ম আছে। আটাইতকৈ পুৰণি প্ৰতীক হৈছে ১৯৪০ চনৰ ২৩ মাৰ্চত অল ইণ্ডিয়া মুছলিম লীগে গৃহীত কৰা লাহোৰ প্ৰস্তাৱ, আৰু যিয়ে ভাৰতৰ মুছলমানসকলৰ বাবে এখন পৃথক দেশ গঠনৰ চৰকাৰী দাবী উপস্থাপন কৰে। মিনাৰ-ই-পাকিস্তান স্মাৰক টাৱাৰ যিটো ১৯৬৮ চনত লাহোৰ প্ৰস্তাৱ গৃহীত হোৱা স্থানত নিৰ্মাণ কৰা হৈছিল। ১৯৪৭ চনৰ ১৪ আগষ্টত স্বাধীনতা অৰ্জন কৰাৰ ঠিক আগতে ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় পতাকা গ্ৰহণ কৰা হৈছিল। ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় সংগীত আৰু ৰাজ্যিক প্ৰতীক প্ৰত্যেকটো ১৯৫৪ চনত গ্ৰহণ কৰা হৈছিল। ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় জন্তু, চৰাই, ফুল আৰু গছকে ধৰি আন কেইবাটাও চিহ্ন আছে। ===মিনাৰ-ই পাকিস্তান=== [[File:All India Muslim League Working Committee Lahore 1940.jpg|thumb|লাহোৰত মুছলিম লীগ ৱৰ্কিং কমিটি, ১৯৪০]] লাহোৰ প্ৰস্তাৱ (কাৰাৰদাদ-ই-লাহোৰ) (উৰ্দু: قرارداد لاھور), যাক পাকিস্তান প্ৰস্তাৱ বুলিও জনা যায়। লাহোৰৰ মিণ্টো পাৰ্কত (বৰ্তমানৰ ইকবাল পাৰ্ক) তিনিদিনীয়া সাধাৰণ অধিৱেশন উপলক্ষে সৰ্বভাৰতীয় মুছলিম লীগে গ্ৰহণ কৰা এক আনুষ্ঠানিক ৰাজনৈতিক বিবৃতি আছিল।<ref name="robinson">{{Cite journal |last = Robinson |first = Francis |title = The Muslims and Partition |journal = History Today |volume = 47 |issue = 9 |pages = 40–46 |publisher = History Today Ltd |location = London |date = September 1997 |url = http://www.historytoday.com/MainArticle.aspx?m=10381&amid=10381 |access-date = 29 November 2007 |archive-date = 9 June 2009 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090609191914/http://www.historytoday.com/MainArticle.aspx?m=10381&amid=10381 |url-status = dead |archivedate = 9 June 2009 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20090609191914/http://www.historytoday.com/MainArticle.aspx?m=10381&amid=10381 |deadurl = yes }}</ref>প্ৰস্তাৱটোত ব্ৰিটিছ ভাৰতত অধিক মুছলমান স্বায়ত্তশাসনৰ আহ্বান জনোৱা হৈছিল আৰু ইয়াক মুখ্যতঃ পৃথক মুছলমান ৰাজ্যৰ দাবী হিচাপে ব্যাখ্যা কৰা হৈছে।<ref name="jaffrelot">{{cite book | last = Jaffrelot | first = Christophe | title = A History of Pakistan and its Origins | publisher = Anthem Press | year = 2004 | location = London | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=Q9sI_Y2CKAcC&q=A+history+of+Pakistan+and+its+origins&pg=PP1 | isbn = 1-84331-149-6 | page = 16 }}</ref>ভাৰতীয় মুছলমানসকলৰ বাবে পৃথক ৰাজ্যৰ ধাৰণাটো প্ৰথমে ১৯৩০ চনত মুহাম্মাদ ইকবালে<ref name="critique">{{cite book | last = Mir | first = Mustansir | title = Iqbal | publisher = I. B. Tauris | year = 2006 | location = London; New York | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=svYphqj8h7UC&q=Iqbal | isbn = 1-84511-094-3 | page = 138 }}</ref> পৰামৰ্শ দিছিল আৰু ১৯৩৩ চনত চৌধুৰী ৰহমত আলীয়ে তেওঁৰ পাকিস্তান ঘোষণা পত্ৰিকাত পাকিস্তানৰ নাম প্ৰস্তাৱ কৰিছিল।<ref name="rahmatali">{{cite journal | last = Brown | first = W. Norman | title = India's Pakistan Issue | journal = Proceedings | volume = 91 | issue = 2 | page = 161 | publisher = American Philosophical Society | date = 19 October 1946 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=fpWH6doabbYC&q=Proceedings,+American+Philosophical+Society+(vol.+91,+no.+2) | access-date = 29 November 2007 | isbn = 978-1-4223-8093-2 }}</ref>আৰম্ভণিতে, মুহাম্মাদ আলী জিন্না আৰু অন্যান্য নেতাসকল হিন্দু-মুছলমান ঐক্যৰ পক্ষত আছিল, কিন্তু ১৯৩০-ৰ দশকৰ অস্থিৰ ৰাজনৈতিক পৰিৱেশ আৰু ধৰ্মীয় শত্ৰুতাই এই ধাৰণাটো অধিক আকৰ্ষণীয় কৰি তুলিছিল।<ref name="talbot">{{cite book | last = Talbot | first = Ian | title = Pakistan: A Modern History | publisher = Oxford University Press | year = 1999 | location = New Delhi; New York | isbn = 0-19-565073-5 }}</ref><ref name="blood">{{cite book | last = Blood | first = Peter R. | title = Pakistan: A Country Study | publisher = Federal Research Division, Library of Congress | year = 1995 | location = Washington, D.C. | pages = [https://archive.org/details/pakistancountrys00bloo/page/28 28]–29 | url = https://archive.org/details/pakistancountrys00bloo | url-access = registration | quote = Pakistan: A Country Study. | isbn = 0-8444-0834-4 }}</ref>জিন্নাই তেওঁৰ ভাষণত ভাৰতীয় জাতীয় কংগ্ৰেছ আৰু জাতীয়তাবাদী মুছলমানসকলক সমালোচনা কৰে, আৰু দুই ৰাষ্ট্ৰৰ তত্ত্ব আৰু পৃথক মুছলমান মাতৃভূমিৰ দাবীৰ কাৰণসমূহক সমৰ্থন কৰে।<ref name="wolpert">{{cite book | last = Wolpert | first = Stanley A. | author-link = Stanley Wolpert | title = Jinnah of Pakistan | publisher = Oxford University Press | year = 1984 | location = New York | isbn = 0-19-503412-0 }}</ref>পঞ্জাৱৰ মুখ্যমন্ত্ৰী চিকন্দৰ হায়াত খানে লাহোৰ প্ৰস্তাৱৰ প্ৰাথমিক খচৰা প্ৰস্তুত কৰিছিল। যিটো আলোচনা আৰু সংশোধনৰ বাবে সৰ্বভাৰতীয় মুছলিম লীগৰ বিষয় সমিতিৰ ওচৰত দাখিল কৰা হৈছিল। বিষয় সমিতিয়ে প্ৰস্তাৱটো বজাই ৰাখিছিল। <ref name="tinker">{{cite book | last = Tinker | first = Hugh | title = Men Who Overturned Empires: Fighters, Dreamers, and Schemers | publisher = University of Wisconsin Press | year = 1987 | location = Madison | isbn = 0-299-11460-0 | page = 50 }}</ref>মুছলিম লীগৰ সাধাৰণ অধিৱেশনত বংগৰ মুখ্যমন্ত্ৰী এ কে চন্দ্ৰশেখৰ ৰাও উপস্থিত আছিল। ফজলুল হকৰ দ্বাৰা উত্থাপিত হৈছিল আৰু আন মুছলমান নেতাসকলৰ দ্বাৰা সমৰ্থিত আছিল। লাহোৰ প্ৰস্তাৱৰ মূল পাঠ ১৯৪০ চনৰ ২৪ মাৰ্চত গৃহীত হৈছিল। ১৯৪১ চনত ই মুছলিম লীগৰ সংবিধানৰ অংশ হৈ পৰে। ১৯৪৬ চনৰ ভিতৰত, ই মুছলিম লীগৰ পৃথক মুছলমান ৰাজ্যৰ সংগ্ৰামৰ আধাৰ গঠন কৰে।<ref name="struggle">{{cite book | last = Qureshi | first = Ishtiaq Husain | title = The Struggle for Pakistan | url = https://archive.org/details/struggleforpakis0000qure | url-access = registration | publisher = University of Karachi | year = 1965 | location = Karachi }}</ref> বিবৃতিটোত ঘোষণা কৰা হৈছিল: ''ভৌগোলিক সংলগ্ন গোটবোৰ এনে অঞ্চলত নিৰ্ধাৰণ নকৰালৈকে মুছলমানসকলৰ বাবে কোনো সাংবিধানিক পৰিকল্পনা কাৰ্যকৰী বা গ্ৰহণযোগ্য নহ'ব যিবোৰ প্ৰয়োজন অনুসৰি এনে আঞ্চলিক পুনৰ সমন্বয়ৰ সৈতে গঠন কৰিব লাগে। ভাৰতৰ উত্তৰ-পশ্চিম আৰু পূব অঞ্চলৰ দৰে যিবোৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত মুছলমানসকল সংখ্যাগতভাৱে সংখ্যাগৰিষ্ঠ সেইবোৰক স্বতন্ত্ৰ ৰাজ্য গঠন কৰিবলৈ গোট বদ্ধ কৰিব লাগে য'ত উপাদান গোটবোৰ স্বায়ত্তশাসিত আৰু সাৰ্বভৌম হ'ব...সেই পৰ্যাপ্ত, কাৰ্যকৰী আৰু বাধ্যতামূলক সুৰক্ষা সংবিধানত বিশেষভাৱে গোটবোৰত আৰু অঞ্চলবোৰত সংখ্যালঘুসকলৰ ধৰ্মীয়, সাংস্কৃতিক, অৰ্থনৈতিক, ৰাজনৈতিক, প্ৰশাসনিক আৰু অন্যান্য অধিকাৰৰ সুৰক্ষাৰ বাবে তেওঁলোকৰ পৰামৰ্শৰ সৈতে প্ৰদান কৰা হ'ব। এনেদৰে মুছলমানসকলৰ নিৰাপত্তাৰ বাবে ব্যৱস্থা কৰা উচিত য'ত তেওঁলোক সংখ্যালঘু আছিল। <ref name="ashop">{{cite book | last = Qureshi | first = Ishtiaq Husain | title = A Short History of Pakistan | publisher = University of Karachi | year = 1967 | location = Karachi }}</ref> [[File:Minar-e-Pakistan by ZILL NIAZI 2.jpg|thumb|220x220px|মিনাৰ ই পাকিস্তান]] ===ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় পতাকা=== [[File:Flag of Pakistan.svg|thumb|ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় পতাকা]] ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় পতাকাখন পাকিস্তানৰ প্ৰতিষ্ঠাপক মহম্মদ আলী জিন্নাই ডিজাইন কৰিছিল আৰু মুছলিম লীগৰ মূল পতাকাৰ ওপৰত আধাৰিত আছিল। স্বাধীনতাৰ কেইদিনমান আগতে ১৯৪৭ চনৰ ১১ আগষ্টত সংবিধান সভাই ইয়াক গ্ৰহণ কৰিছিল । ===ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় সংগীত=== পতাকা উত্তোলনৰ সৈতে জড়িত যিকোনো অনুষ্ঠানৰ সময়ত পাকিস্তান বা Qaumī Tarāna (উৰ্দু: قومى ترانہ)ৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় সংগীত বজোৱা হয়, উদাহৰণ স্বৰূপে সংকল্প দিৱস (২৩ মাৰ্চ) আৰু স্বাধীনতা দিৱস (১৪ আগষ্ট)। পাকিস্তান স্বাধীন হোৱাৰ সময়ত সংবিধান সভাই ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় সংগীত গ্ৰহণ কৰা নাছিল, সেয়েহে যেতিয়া স্বাধীনতা অনুষ্ঠানত পতাকা উত্তোলন কৰা হৈছিল তেতিয়া ইয়াৰ সৈতে "পাকিস্তান জিন্দাবাদ, আজাদী পাণ্ডাবাদ" গানটো আছিল। মুহাম্মাদ আলী জিন্নাই লাহোৰস্থিত এজন হিন্দু লেখক জগন নাথ আজাদক পাকিস্তানৰ বাবে ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় সংগীত লিখিবলৈ কৈছিল।<ref name="first_anthem">{{cite web | url = http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=story_19-6-2005_pg7_31 | title = Jagan Nath Azad wrote Pakistan's first anthem | publisher = Daily Times of Pakistan | access-date = 29 November 2007 }}</ref> ===ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় প্ৰতীক=== [[File:State emblem of Pakistan.svg|thumb|ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় প্ৰতীক]] ৰাজ্যিক প্ৰতীকটো ১৯৫৪ চনত গ্ৰহণ কৰা হৈছিল আৰু ই পাকিস্তানৰ আদৰ্শগত ভেটি, ইয়াৰ অৰ্থনীতিৰ আধাৰ, ইয়াৰ সাংস্কৃতিক ঐতিহ্য আৰু ইয়াৰ পথপ্ৰদৰ্শক নীতিৰ প্ৰতীক।<ref name="emblem1">{{cite web |url = http://www.infopak.gov.pk/Eemblem.aspx |title = The State Emblem |publisher = Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of Pakistan |access-date = 29 November 2007 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070701023430/http://www.infopak.gov.pk/Eemblem.aspx |archive-date = 1 July 2007 |archivedate = 1 July 2007 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20070701023430/http://www.infopak.gov.pk/Eemblem.aspx |deadurl = yes }}</ref> প্ৰতীকৰ চাৰিটা উপাদান হৈছে এটা ঢালৰ ওপৰত এটা অৰ্ধচন্দ্ৰ আৰু তৰাৰ ক্ৰেষ্ট, যাক পুষ্পস্তৱকে আগুৰি আছে, যাৰ তলত এখন স্ক্ৰ'ল আছে।প্ৰতীকৰ ক্ৰেষ্ট আৰু সেউজীয়া ৰং হৈছে ইছলামৰ পৰম্পৰাগত প্ৰতীক। কেন্দ্ৰত থকা চতুৰ্থাংশ ঢালত কপাহ, ঘেঁহু, চাহ আৰু মৰাপাট দেখুওৱা হৈছে, যিবোৰ স্বাধীনতাৰ সময়ত পাকিস্তানৰ মুখ্য শস্য আছিল আৰু কৃষি অৰ্থনীতিৰ আধাৰ সূচায়। ঢালৰ চাৰিওফালে থকা পুষ্পস্তৱকে পৰম্পৰাগত মোগল কলাত ব্যৱহৃত ফুলৰ নক্সাপ্ৰতিনিধিত্ব কৰে আৰু পাকিস্তানৰ সাংস্কৃতিক ঐতিহ্যৰ ওপৰত গুৰুত্ব আৰোপ কৰে। ===মূলমন্ত্ৰ=== ঢালটো সমৰ্থন কৰা স্ক্ৰ'লখনত উৰ্দুত মুহাম্মাদ আলী জিন্নাৰ মূলমন্ত্ৰ আছে, য'ত সোঁফালৰ পৰা বাওঁফাললৈ লিখা আছে: (ایمان ، اتحاد ، نظم و ضبط) "ইমান, ইত্তেহাদ, নাজম অ জবত" যাক "বিশ্বাস, একতা, অনুশাসন" বুলি অনুবাদ কৰা হৈছে আৰু পাকিস্তানৰ বাবে পথপ্ৰদৰ্শক নীতি হিচাপে প্ৰকাশ কৰে। ==তথ্যৰ উৎস== [[শ্ৰেণী: পাকিস্তান]] [[শ্ৰেণী: আইনসভা]] nn5tb63o7e889zl4q9uke3m8q7uqx3y 0 110686 605928 461482 2026-05-12T05:54:45Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 605928 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox university | name = ভাৰতীয় বেংক ব্যৱস্থাপনা প্ৰতিষ্ঠান, গুৱাহাটী | image = [[চিত্ৰ:Logo of IIBM, Guwahati.png|250px]] | logo_size = | established = {{start date|1980}}<ref name="RBI" /> | type = স্বায়ত্তশাসিত প্ৰতিষ্ঠান | director = ইউজিন ইমানুৱেল কাৰ্থাক | chairman = ড০ এম. ডি. পাত্ৰ, [[ভাৰতীয় ৰিজাৰ্ভ বেংক]]ৰ উপ-গভৰ্নৰ | city = জৱাহৰনগৰ, খানাপাৰা, [[গুৱাহাটী]] | state = [[অসম]] | country = [[ভাৰত]] | postgrad = | faculty = | campus = | parent = [[ভাৰতীয় ৰিজাৰ্ভ বেংক]] | website = {{url|https://iibm.ac.in/}} | coor = }} '''ভাৰতীয় বেংক ব্যৱস্থাপনা প্ৰতিষ্ঠান''' বা '''ইণ্ডিয়ান ইনষ্টিটিউট অৱ বেংক মেনেজমেণ্ট''' ({{lang-en|Indian Institute of Bank Management}}) [[অসম]] [[গুৱাহাটী]]ত অৱস্থিত এখন স্বায়ত্তশাসিত শৈক্ষিক গৱেষণা, প্ৰশিক্ষণ তথা বেংকিং পৰামৰ্শদাতা প্ৰতিষ্ঠান।<ref name="IIBM">{{cite web | url=https://iibm.ac.in/index.php | title=IIBM, Guwahati Homepage | publisher=IIBM, Guwahati | work=IIBM, Guwahati | accessdate=3 January 2025}}</ref> পূৰ্বতে এই প্ৰতিষ্ঠানখন উত্তৰ পূৰ্বাঞ্চল বেংক ব্যৱস্থাপনা প্ৰতিষ্ঠান বা নৰ্থ ইষ্টাৰ্ণ ইনষ্টিটিউট অৱ বেংক মেনেজমেণ্ট নামেৰে জনাজাত আছিল। [[ভাৰতীয় ৰিজাৰ্ভ বেংক]], [[নাবাৰ্ড]], [[ভাৰতীয় ষ্টেট বেংক]], [[ইউকো বেংক]], [[চেণ্ট্ৰেল বেংক অফ ইণ্ডিয়া]], [[ইণ্ডিয়ান বেংক]], [[ইউনিয়ন বেংক অফ ইণ্ডিয়া]] আৰু [[পঞ্জাৱ নেচনেল বেংক]]ৰ পৃষ্ঠপোষকতাত এই প্ৰতিষ্ঠানখন গঢ় লৈ উঠিছে। ৰিজাৰ্ভ বেংকৰ উপ-গভৰ্নৰ ড০ এম. ডি. পাত্ৰ বৰ্তমান প্ৰতিষ্ঠানখনৰ পৰিচালনা পৰিষদৰ অধ্যক্ষ।<ref name="Director" /> ==বৰ্ণনা== ১৯৮০ চনত ভাৰতীয় বেংক ব্যৱস্থাপনা প্ৰতিষ্ঠান গুৱাহাটীত প্ৰতিষ্ঠা কৰা হৈছিল।<ref name="RBI">{{cite web | url=https://www.rbi.org.in/scripts/Bs_viewcontent.aspx?Id=4005 | title=Appointment of Director, Indian Institute of Bank Management (IIBM), Guwahati - 202 | publisher=RBI | work=RBI | accessdate=3 January 2025}}</ref> বেংক ব্যৱস্থাপনাৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত সৰ্বভাৰতীয় দৃষ্টিভংগী আৰু উত্তৰ-পূব অঞ্চলৰ প্ৰতি বিশেষ গুৰুত্বৰ সৈতে ইয়াক প্ৰতিষ্ঠা কৰা হৈছিল। প্ৰতিষ্ঠানটোৱে বেংকৰ কৰ্মীসকলক উচ্চমানৰ প্ৰশিক্ষণ প্ৰদান কৰে, বিভিন্ন বেংকৰ নতুনকৈ নিযুক্তি পোৱা বিষয়া আৰু কৰ্মচাৰীসকলৰ বাবে কোম্পানীত প্ৰশিক্ষণ কাৰ্যসূচী পৰিচালনা কৰে, গৱেষণা অধ্যয়নক প্ৰসাৰিত কৰে আৰু বেংক, বিত্তীয় প্ৰতিষ্ঠান আৰু ৰাজ্য চৰকাৰসমূহক পৰামৰ্শদাতা হিচাপে সেৱা প্ৰদান কৰে। এই প্ৰতিষ্ঠান খন [[ভাৰতীয় ৰিজাৰ্ভ বেংক]], [[নাবাৰ্ড]], [[ভাৰতীয় ষ্টেট বেংক]], [[ইউকো বেংক]], [[চেণ্ট্ৰেল বেংক অফ ইণ্ডিয়া]], [[ইণ্ডিয়ান বেংক]], [[ইউনিয়ন বেংক অফ ইণ্ডিয়া]] আৰু [[পঞ্জাৱ নেচনেল বেংক]]ৰ পৃষ্ঠপোষকতাত গঠিত হোৱা এক স্বায়ত্তশাসিত প্ৰতিষ্ঠান। ইয়াৰ পৰিচালনা পৰিষদত বেংকিং ব্যৱস্থাৰ শীৰ্ষ কাৰ্যবাহী যেনে বেংকৰ চেয়াৰমেন, নাবাৰ্ড, অন্যান্য বেংকৰ পৰিচালন সঞ্চালক আৰু মুখ্য কাৰ্যবাহী বিষয়া আৰু অন্যান্য বিশেষজ্ঞসকল থাকে। ইয়াৰ পৰিচালন পৰিষদৰ অধ্যক্ষতা ভাৰতীয় ৰিজাৰ্ভ বেংকৰ উপ-গভৰ্নৰে কৰে।<ref name="Director">{{cite web | url=https://iibm.ac.in/Eugene-Emmanuel-Karthak.php | title=Our Director | publisher=IIBM, Guwahati | work=IIBM, Guwahati | accessdate=3 January 2025}}</ref> ==শিক্ষা আৰু গৱেষণা== ভাৰতীয় বেংক ব্যৱস্থাপনা প্ৰতিষ্ঠানটনে বেংকিং সেৱাৰ লগত জড়িত বেংকৰ কৰ্মচাৰীসকলক উচ্চমানৰ প্ৰশিক্ষণ প্ৰদান কৰে। ই বিভিন্ন বেংকৰ নতুনকৈ নিযুক্তি পোৱা বিষয়া আৰু কৰ্মচাৰীসকলৰ বাবে কোম্পানীত প্ৰশিক্ষণ কাৰ্যসূচী পৰিচালনা কৰে। বেংকিং সেৱাৰ লগত জড়িত সকলো দিশ সামৰি গৱেষণা প্ৰসাৰিত কৰা ইয়াৰ অন্যতম প্ৰধান কাম। তদুপৰি ই বেংক, বিত্তীয় প্ৰতিষ্ঠান আৰু ৰাজ্য চৰকাৰসমূহক বেংকিং বিষয়ক পৰামৰ্শদাতা হিচাপে সেৱা প্ৰদান কৰে।<ref name="Message">{{cite web | url=https://www.iibm.ac.in/Directors-Message.php | title=Director's message | publisher=IIBM, Guwahati | work=IIBM, Guwahati | accessdate=3 January 2025}}</ref> ===প্ৰশিক্ষণ=== ভাৰতীয় ৰিজাৰ্ভ বেংক আৰু অন্যান্য ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয়কৃত বেংকৰলগতে অন্যান্য বেংকিং প্ৰতিষ্ঠানৰ বিষয়া কৰ্মচাৰীৰ বাবে ইয়াত শিক্ষা আৰু গৱেষণাৰ লগতে প্ৰশিক্ষণৰ ব্যৱস্থা আছে। শৈক্ষিক শিক্ষাবৰ্ষত ই সময়ে সময়ে বিভিন্ন প্ৰশিক্ষণ কাৰ্যসূচীৰ আয়োজন কৰে। ===গৱেষণা=== বেংকিং অধ্যয়নৰ ওপৰত গৱেষণা, অধ্যয়ন, প্ৰভাৱ আৰু মূল্যাঙ্কন চলাবলৈ প্ৰতিষ্ঠানটোৰ আভ্যন্তৰীণ দক্ষতা আছে। বৰ্তমানৰ কাৰ্যক্ষম গৱেষণা কাৰ্যসূচীত উত্তৰ-পূৰ্বাঞ্চলৰ অনানুষ্ঠানিক গ্ৰাম্য বিত্তীয় বজাৰৰ ওপৰত অধ্যয়ন অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত আছে। ইয়াৰ আইআইবিএম ডিজেষ্ট নামৰ মাহেকীয়া গৱেষণা-পত্ৰিকা আছে। ===পৰামৰ্শদাতা কাৰ্য্যকলাপ=== *মেঘালয় সমবায় এপেক্স বেংকৰ বাবে পাৰফৰমেন্স মেনেজমেণ্ট চিষ্টেমৰ এইচ আৰ মেনুৱেল ডিজাইন কৰা: প্ৰতিষ্ঠানটোৱে কৰ্মচাৰীৰ ব্যক্তিগত কৰ্মক্ষমতাক সাংগঠনিক লক্ষ্য আৰু উদ্দেশ্যৰ সৈতে সংযুক্ত কৰি আধুনিক পৰিৱেশন ব্যৱস্থাপনা ব্যৱস্থা আৰু এইচ আৰ মেনুৱেল ডিজাইন কৰি আছে ই ব্যক্তিসকলৰ কৰ্মক্ষমতাক পৰিমাণীকৰণযোগ্যভাৱে জুখিব, ব্যৱস্থাটোক নিৰ্দ্বিধায় আৰু স্বচ্ছ কৰি তুলিব। * মেঘালয় সমবায় বেংকৰ জমা আৰু ঋণ সামগ্ৰীৰ বাবে ব্যৱসায়িক প্ৰক্ৰিয়া পুনৰ অভিযান্ত্ৰিকীকৰণ: এমচিএবিৰ জমা আৰু ঋণৰ সামগ্ৰীৰ সৈতে জড়িত ব্যৱসায়িক প্ৰক্ৰিয়াসমূহ পুনৰ গঠন কৰা, বেংকৰ উৎপাদনশীলতা আৰু সামগ্ৰিক সেৱাৰ মানদণ্ডৰ যথেষ্ট বৃদ্ধি উপলব্ধি কৰাৰ লক্ষ্যৰে ইয়াক আৰম্ভ কৰা হৈছে। * বেংকৰ বাবে নিযুক্তি পৰীক্ষা: প্ৰতিষ্ঠানটোৱে উত্তৰ-পূৰ্বাঞ্চলৰ বিভিন্ন সমবায় বেংকৰ লগতে অন্যান্য সংস্থাসমূহৰ বাবেও নিযুক্তি পৰীক্ষা আৰু বিভাগীয় প্ৰচাৰ পৰীক্ষা অনুষ্ঠিত কৰাৰ কামত নিয়োজিত হৈ আছে। ইয়াৰ উপৰিও প্ৰতিষ্ঠানটোৱে ঋণ আদায় এজেণ্টৰ বাবে কাৰ্যসূচী, বিচি এজেণ্টৰ বাবে বেচিক আৰু এডভান্স চাৰ্টিফিকেট পাঠ্যক্ৰম আদিও আগবঢ়ায়।<ref name="IIBF">{{cite web | url=https://www.iibf.org.in/iib_other_atis.asp | title=List of Accredited Institutions for conducting JAIIB/CAIIB & DB&F classes | publisher=Indian Institute of Banking and Finance | work=Indian Institute of Banking and Finance | accessdate=3 January 2025 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ==সা-সুবিধাসমূহ== প্ৰতিষ্ঠানটোত অত্যাধুনিক শ্ৰেণীকোঠা, কনফাৰেন্স ৰুম, সুবিধা থকা হোষ্টেল আৰু পুথিভঁৰাল আদিৰ সুবিধা আছে। ডিজিটেল যুগত বেংকসমূহৰ প্ৰশিক্ষণৰ প্ৰয়োজনীয়তা পূৰণৰ বাবে প্ৰতিষ্ঠানটোত দ্ৰুতবেগী ইণ্টাৰনেট সংযোগৰ সৈতে এটা অত্যাধুনিক কম্পিউটাৰ চেণ্টাৰো আছে। এই প্ৰতিষ্ঠান ইনক্লুছিভ বেংকিং, ফাইনেন্সিং মাইক্ৰ’, ক্ষুদ্ৰ আৰু মজলীয়া উদ্যোগ, কৃষি আৰু অকৃষি খণ্ডৰ বিত্ত, শাখা ব্যৱস্থাপনা, খুচুৰা বেংকিং, চাইবাৰ সুৰক্ষা আৰু জলবায়ু পৰিৱৰ্তনৰ বিপদ আদি ক্ষেত্ৰত অৱদানৰ বাবে পৰিচিত। ক্ৰমান্বয়ে নতুন বিত্তীয় প্ৰতিষ্ঠান যেনে ফিনটেক কোম্পানী, ক্ষুদ্ৰ বিত্তীয় বেংক, এনবিএফচি আদিয়ে বেংকিং ইক' চিষ্টেমৰ অংশ হৈ পৰিছে। ভাৰতীয় বেংক ব্যৱস্থাপনা প্ৰতিষ্ঠানে এই সত্তাসমূহৰ প্ৰয়োজনীয়তাসমূহ পূৰণ কৰাৰ লগতে ৰাজ্য আৰু কেন্দ্ৰীয় চৰকাৰ উভয়কে সেৱা প্ৰদান কৰাৰ দিশত কাৰ্যপন্থা হাতত লৈছে। ইয়াৰ উপৰিও ইয়াৰ গুণগত গৱেষণাৰ জৰিয়তে নিজৰ গ্ৰাহকক নীতিগত ইনপুট প্ৰদান কৰিবলৈ আৰু আলোচনা চক্ৰ আৰু কৰ্মশালা আদিৰ জৰিয়তে ইয়াক প্ৰচাৰ কৰিবলৈ চেষ্টা চলাই আহিছে।<ref name="Director" /> ==অৱস্থান== ভাৰতীয় বেংক ব্যৱস্থাপনা প্ৰতিষ্ঠান [[অসম]]ৰ [[কামৰূপ মহানগৰ জিলা]]ৰ [[গুৱাহাটী]]ৰ খানাপাৰাৰ জৱাহৰনগৰত অৱস্থিত। ইয়াৰ নিকটৱৰ্তী ৰেল ষ্টেচন পল্টন বজাৰত অৱস্থিত [[গুৱাহাটী ৰেল ষ্টেচন]]ৰ পৰা ১০ কিলোমিটাৰ আৰু বিমান বন্দৰ [[লোকপ্ৰিয় গোপীনাথ বৰদলৈ আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় বিমানবন্দৰ]]ৰ পৰা ৩২ কিলোমিটাৰ নিলগত অৱস্থিত। ই গুৱাহাটীৰ আন্তঃৰাজ্যিক বাছ আস্থানৰ পৰা ১১ কিলোমিটাৰ দূৰত অৱস্থিত। খানাপাৰাপৰা বিভিন্ন বাছৰ সমাগমৰ বাবে আৰু নিয়মিত চিটি বাছ চলাচল কৰে বাবে ইয়াত যাতায়তৰ সু-ব্যৱস্থা আছে। ==চিত্ৰভঁৰাল== <gallery mode="packed" heights="244"> Indian Institute of Bank Management, Guwahati.jpg|প্ৰতিষ্ঠানখনৰ প্ৰশাসনিক ভৱন Indian Institute of Bank Management, Guwahati-3.jpg|প্ৰতিষ্ঠানৰ অন্তৰ্ভাগৰ কিছু অংশ </gallery> ==তথ্য উৎস== {{ৰেফলিষ্ট}} [[শ্ৰেণী:অসমৰ শৈক্ষিক প্ৰতিষ্ঠান]] [[শ্ৰেণী:অসমৰ গৱেষণা প্ৰতিষ্ঠানসমূহ]] [[শ্ৰেণী:গুৱাহাটী]] [[শ্ৰেণী:বেংকিং]] rwshkgl3vnd7xl6pf4tk9992v1nzzt5 0 114765 605835 527786 2026-05-11T12:54:31Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 605835 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Ricevuta dal Sindaco Paolo Truzzu in Municipio l'Ambasciatrice dell'India, Neena Malhotra (cropped).jpg|thumb|নীনা মালহোত্ৰা]] '''নীনা মালহোত্ৰা''' {{lang-en|:Neena Malhotra}} ভাৰতীয় বৈদেশিক সেৱাৰ ১৯৯২ ব্যাচৰ এগৰাকী বিষয়া । ২০২০ চনৰ ছেপ্টেম্বৰ পৰা ২০২৪ চনৰ এপ্ৰিললৈকে তেওঁ ইটালী, ৰিপাব্লিক অৱ ছান মেৰিনো, আৰু ৰোমত ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সংগঠনসমূহৰ ভাৰতীয় ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত আছিল আৰু তেওঁ ৰোমত থাকি কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল।<ref name="appoint">{{cite news |title=Dr Neena Malhotra Named India's Next Envoy To Italy |url=http://www.businessworld.in/article/Dr-Neena-Malhotra-named-India-s-next-envoy-to-Italy/04-09-2020-316486/ |work=BW Businessworld |date=4 September 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Embassy of India, Rome, Italy : Ambassador's Profile |url=https://indianembassyrome.gov.in/page/ambassador-s-profile/ |access-date=2024-02-17 |website=indianembassyrome.gov.in |archivedate=2024-01-25 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240125220709/https://indianembassyrome.gov.in/page/ambassador-s-profile/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref> বৈদেশিক পৰিক্ৰমা মন্ত্ৰালয়ত বিশেষ কৰ্তব্যৰত বিষয়া হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰাৰ পিছত ২০২৪ চনৰ অক্টোবৰ মাহত ছুইডেন ৰাজ্যত ভাৰতৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত হিচাবে নিযুক্তি লাভ কৰে।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Neena Malhotra nominated as India's Ambassador to Sweden |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/world/asia/neena-malhotra-nominated-as-indias-ambassador-to-sweden20241024203823/ |access-date=2024-11-23 |website=ANI News |language=en |archivedate=2025-01-20 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250120203535/https://www.aninews.in/news/world/asia/neena-malhotra-nominated-as-indias-ambassador-to-sweden20241024203823/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref> ==কৰ্ম জীৱন== মালহোত্ৰাই নিজৰ কেৰিয়াৰৰ আৰম্ভণিতে নিউয়ৰ্ক আৰু পেৰিছত সেৱা আগবঢ়াইছে। ২০২০ চনৰ আৰম্ভণিতে মালহোট্ৰাক যুটীয়া সচিব (পূব আৰু দক্ষিণ আফ্ৰিকা)ৰ পৰা অতিৰিক্ত সচিব (ভাৰত-প্ৰশান্ত মহাসাগৰীয়)লৈ স্থানান্তৰ কৰা হয়।<ref name="africa">{{cite news |title=Ministry of External Affairs undertakes path breaking restructuring exercise |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/ministry-of-external-affairs-undertakes-path-breaking-restructuring-exercise/articleshow/73790362.cms |work=Economic Times |date=31 January 2020}}</ref> ২০২০ চনৰ ছেপ্টেম্বৰ মাহত <ref>{{Cite web |author=News Desk |date=2020-09-03 |title=Dr. Neena Malhotra appointed as the next Ambassador to Italy |url=https://www.indiaties.in/7126/dr-neena-malhotra-appointed-as-the-next-ambassador-to-italy/ |access-date=2024-02-17 |website=IndiaTIES |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ঘোষণা কৰা হয় যে মালহোট্ৰা ইটালী, ৰিপাব্লিক অৱ ছান মেৰিনো আৰু ৰোমত ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সংগঠনসমূহৰ ভাৰতীয় ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত হ'ব।<ref>{{Cite web |author=News Desk |date=2020-09-03 |title=Dr. Neena Malhotra appointed as the next Ambassador to Italy |url=https://www.indiaties.in/7126/dr-neena-malhotra-appointed-as-the-next-ambassador-to-italy/ |access-date=2024-02-17 |website=IndiaTIES |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> তেওঁ নতুন দিল্লীৰ ভাৰতীয় কৃষি গৱেষণা প্ৰতিষ্ঠান (আই এ আৰ আই)ৰ পৰা পি এইচ ডি ডিগ্ৰী লাভ কৰিছে।<ref>https://www.fao.org/fileadmin/user_upload/gsb/Files/Substitute_Representatives/English/INDIA-CV-MALHOTRA-EN.pdf</ref> ==বিতৰ্ক== ২০০৬ চনৰ পৰা ২০০৯ চনলৈকে নীনা মালহোত্ৰাই নিউয়ৰ্কৰ কনছুলেট জেনেৰেলত প্ৰেছ কাউন্সেলাৰ হিচাপে কাম কৰিছিল। ২০১০ চনত, তেওঁ আৰু তেওঁৰ স্বামীৰ বিৰুদ্ধে [[নিউয়ৰ্কৰ ছাউথাৰ্ণ ডিষ্ট্ৰিক্ট কোৰ্ট]]ত দাসত্ব সম্পৰ্কীয় এটা গোচৰ ৰজু কৰিছিল তেওঁলোকৰে শান্তি গুৰুঙ নামৰ এগৰাকী গৃহ সহায়িকাই। গোচৰটোত অভিযোগ কৰা হৈছে যে, গুৰুঙক মজিয়াত মাটিত শুবলৈ বাধ্য কৰা হৈছিল, যদিও খালী কোঠা আছিল। প্ৰতিদিনে ১৬ ঘণ্টাৰ কঠোৰ গৃহকৰ্ম কৰিবলৈ বাধ্য কৰা হৈছিল। নীনা মালহোত্রাক প্ৰতিদিনে মালিচ কৰিবলৈ বাধ্য কৰা হৈছিল,যিটো কামে গুৰুঙক "অতি অস্বস্তিকৰ" কৰি তুলিছিল। <ref name="presscounselor">{{cite news |title=Proposal to ensure increased wages for domestic helps revived |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/proposal-to-ensure-increased-wages-for-domestic-helps-revived/1210145/ |work=Indian Express |date=21 December 2013}}</ref>লগতে মালহোত্ৰা পৰিয়ালে ভাবুকি দিছিল যে যদি তাই পলাই যায় আৰু ঘূৰি নাহে তেন্তে আমেৰিকাৰ চৰকাৰী সংস্থাসমূহে তাইক নিৰ্যাতন চলাব।<ref name="lawsuit">{{cite web |title=Shanti Gurung v. Jogesh Malhotra, et al. |url=http://files.courthousenews.com/2014/01/14/Malhotra.pdf }}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> গুৰুঙৰ মতে দৈনন্দিন গালি-গালাজ খাই জীৱন-যাপন কৰিব লগাত পৰিছিল। তাই প্ৰায়ে ভোকত আছিল, যথেষ্ট ওজন কমিছিল, জাৰত লবলৈ পৰ্যাপ্ত কাপোৰ নাছিল আৰু শাৰীৰিক ৰোগত আক্ৰান্ত হৈছিল।<ref name="lawsuit"/>এই ঘটনাই কূটনৈতিক জগতত তীব্ৰ প্ৰতিক্ৰিয়া সৃষ্টি কৰিছিল।<ref name="lawsuit"/> গোচৰ অনুসৰি নীনা মালহোত্ৰাই গুৰুঙৰ বাবে এ-৩ ভিছা লাভ কৰিবলৈ আমেৰিকা চৰকাৰৰ আগত ভুল তথ্য প্ৰকাশ কৰিছিল। নতুন দিল্লীত থকা আমেৰিকাৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূতাবাসত জমা দিয়া চুক্তিপত্ৰত গুৰুঙক প্ৰতি ঘণ্টাত $7 (USD) দিয়া হ'ব বুলি দেখুৱোৱা হৈছিল। কিন্তু বাস্তৱতে, মালহোত্রাই গুৰুঙক কেৱল ৫,০০০ ভাৰতীয় টকা (~$108) মাহিলী দৰমহা দিব বুলি কোৱা হৈছিল। তেওঁক "পাতলীয়া ৰন্ধা-বঢ়া, লঘু পৰিষ্কাৰ, আৰু কেতিয়াবা বাসভৱন পাৰ্টিত সহায় কৰাৰ" নামত তিনিবছৰ চাকৰি কৰিবলৈ দিয়া হৈছিল। এই সকলো ক্ষেত্ৰতে গুৰুঙে অভিযোগ কৰিছিল যে তেওঁ প্ৰতিশ্ৰুতি দিয়া মজুৰি লাভ কৰা নাছিল।<ref name="lawsuit"/> এই অভিযোগসমূহে নীনা মালহোত্রাৰ বিৰুদ্ধে গম্ভীৰ নৈতিক আৰু আইনী বিতৰ্ক সৃষ্টি কৰিছিল।<ref name="lawsuit"/> আমেৰিকাৰ জিলা ন্যায়াধীশ আৰু ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ অৰ্থনৈতিক আৰু সামাজিক পৰিষদত আমেৰিকাৰ প্ৰাক্তন ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত ভিক্টৰ মাৰেৰ'ই এই গোচৰৰ সভাপতিত্ব কৰিছিল।<ref name="FJC">{{cite web|url=https://www.fjc.gov/node/1391016|access-date=7 October 2019|title=Federal Judicial Center: Victor Marrero}}</ref> মাৰেৰ'ই শান্তি গুৰুঙৰ সপক্ষে ৰায়দান কৰে আৰু ২০১২ চনত আমেৰিকাৰ দণ্ডাধীশ ন্যায়াধীশ ফ্ৰেংক মাছৰ তথ্যৰ ভিত্তিত মালহোত্ৰাপৰিয়ালৰ বিৰুদ্ধে ১,৪৫৮,৩৩৫ মাৰ্কিন ডলাৰৰ ৰায়দান কৰে।<ref name="IFS torture">{{cite web|title=US court asks Indian diplomat to pay $1.5m to 'tortured' maid|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/nri/us-canada-news/US-court-asks-Indian-diplomat-to-pay-1-5m-to-tortured-maid/articleshow/12010886.cms|work=[[The Times of India]]|accessdate=21 December 2016}}</ref><ref name="lawsuit"/> ২০১৬ চনৰ হিচাপত এই ৰায়দানৰ বেতন দিয়া হোৱা নাই।<ref name="immunity">{{cite journal |last1=Vandenberg |first1=Martina E. |last2=Bessell |first2=Sarah |title=Diplomatic Immunity and the Abuse of Domestic Workers: Criminal and Civil Remedies in the United States |journal=Duke Journal of Comparative & International Law |date=2016 |volume=26 |issue=595 |page=598 |url=https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1492&context=djcil}}</ref> গুৰুঙক প্ৰতিনিধিত্ব কৰিছিল গিবছন, ডান এণ্ড ক্ৰাচাৰৰ মিচেল এলান কাৰ্লিনে।<ref name="lawsuit"/> ভাৰতীয় বৈদেশিক পৰিক্ৰমা মন্ত্ৰালয়ৰ তদন্তৰ দ্বাৰা মালহোত্ৰাক সকলো অভিযোগৰ পৰা মুক্ত কৰা হয়<ref name="lawsuit"/> আৰু দিল্লী উচ্চ ন্যায়ালয়ে দাসীগৰাকী আৰু তেওঁৰ উকীলসকলক ভাৰতত কোনো ধৰণৰ আইনী ব্যৱস্থা গ্ৰহণ কৰাত বাধা দিয়ে।<ref>{{Cite web |last=DHNS |title=Diplomat gets clean chit in slavery case |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/diplomat-gets-clean-chit-slavery-2498928 |access-date=2024-02-17 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref> প্ৰভু দয়াল আৰু দেৱানী খব্ৰাগাড়েককে ধৰি আমেৰিকাত ভাৰতীয় কূটনীতিবিদসকলৰ সৈতে একেধৰণৰ পৰিস্থিতিৰ সৈতে অন্যান্য কিছুমান একেধৰণৰ অভিযোগৰ প্ৰতি লক্ষ্য ৰাখি কব পাৰি যে আমেৰিকাত ভাৰতীয় কূটনীতিবিদসকলক লক্ষ্য কৰি লোৱা যেন অনুভব হয়।[উদ্ধৃতিৰ প্ৰয়োজন]।<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-03-17 |title=HC restrains maid from pursuing ‘slavery’ case against Indian diplomats in US |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/crime/hc-restrains-maid-from-pursuing-slavery-case-against-indian-diplomats-in-us/ |access-date=2024-02-17 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> ২০১৩ চনত পাছপ’ৰ্ট আৰু ভিছা বিভাগৰ যুটীয়া সচিব হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰি থকাৰ সময়তে মালহোত্ৰাই সমকামিতাৰ ভিত্তিত আমেৰিকাৰ কূটনৈতিক পত্নীৰ বাবে ভিছা অস্বীকাৰ কৰিছিল। ইণ্ডিয়ান এক্সপ্ৰেছৰ উদ্ধৃতিৰে আন এজন ভাৰতীয় কূটনৈতিক বিষয়াই কয় যে সমকামী দম্পতীক পৰিয়ালৰ সদস্য হিচাপে ভিছা দিয়াটো পূৰ্বতে সাধাৰণ প্ৰথা আছিল।<ref name="IFS Visa denial 2013">{{cite web|title=IFS officer denies visa to spouse of gay American diplomat, moved out|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/ifs-officer-denies-visa-to-spouse-of-gay-diplomat-is-moved-out/1201023/|publisher=[[The Indian Express]]|accessdate=20 January 2017}}</ref> মালহোত্ৰক এম ই এয়ে আৰ্কাইভ আৰু ৰেকৰ্ড ব্যৱস্থাপনা বিভাগলৈ বদলি কৰে।<ref name="IFS Visa denial 2013"/> ==তথ্য সূত্ৰ== {{ Reflist}} iimp5ump05dy62gfmlf78ktvpz3evh3 0 115472 605921 496766 2026-05-12T00:41:33Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 605921 wikitext text/x-wiki '''বিদ্যুৎ গোৰে''' ({{Lang-en|Vidyut Gore}}, জন্ম-৬ ডিচেম্বৰ ১৯৭৬), এগৰাকী ভাৰতীয় অংশকালীন [[ব্লগাৰ (সেৱা)|ব্লগাৰ]], নতুন সংবাদ মাধ্যমৰ সাংবাদিক, প্ৰচাৰক আৰু কৰ্মী। ভাৰতীয় পৰিয়ালত [[ঘৰুৱা নিৰ্যাতন]] উন্মোচন কৰা কামৰ বাবে তেওঁ বিশেষ পৰিচিতি লাভ কৰিছিল৷<ref name="fem" /> তেওঁ ভাৰতৰ ৰাজনৈতিক আৰু ৰাজহুৱা দুৰ্নীতি উন্মোচনৰ দিশত কৰি থকা কামসমূহ ভাৰতীয় সংবাদ মাধ্যম আৰু আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় সংবাদ মাধ্যম দুয়োটাতে প্ৰকাশ পাইছে।<ref name="nyt-20120328a" /><ref name="I2day-20130730a" /><ref name="id2" /> ভাৰতীয় ডিজিটেল চেন্সৰশ্বিপৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত দেখা দিয়া প্ৰত্যাহ্বানসমূহ,<ref name="mint" /> শৈক্ষিক অধ্যয়ন,<ref name="aa1" /> আৰু [[ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘ]]ৰ চিএছটিডি অধ্যয়নক তেওঁ গুৰুত্ব আৰোপ কৰিছে৷<ref name="un1" /><ref name="un2" /> সামাজিক আৰু ৰাজনৈতিক বিষয়ত ভাৰতীয় মূলসুঁতিৰ সংবাদ মাধ্যমে তেওঁৰ বহুবাৰ উদ্ধৃতি দিছে।<ref name="EconTimes" /><ref name="FridayTimes" /><ref name="IndiaTimes" /> ২০১৯ চনৰ আগষ্ট মাহত তেওঁ অল্ট চৰকাৰ স্পুফ বিকল্প চৰকাৰী ৰ'ল-প্লে প্ৰকল্প আৰম্ভ কৰে যিয়ে বিভিন্ন সংবাদ মাধ্যমৰ দৃষ্টি আকৰ্ষণ কৰিছে।<ref name="TheHindu-20190914" /><ref name="Yahoo-F-AS1" /><ref name="ThePrint-AS1" /> ==ডিজিটেল সাংবাদিকতা== ২০১৩ চনত গোৰৰ অৱদানক ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ উন্নয়নৰ বাবে বিজ্ঞান আৰু প্ৰযুক্তি আয়োগে "ইণ্টাৰনেটৰ বিশ্বব্যাপী শাসনক [[গণতন্ত্ৰ|গণতান্ত্ৰিকীকৰ]]ণ"ৰ কৰ্মগোটে স্বীকৃতি দিয়ে।<ref name="un1" /><ref name="un2" />গোৰে গ্ৰাম্য বিষয়ত পালাগুম্মি ছাইনাথৰ ডিজিটেল পিপলছ আৰ্কাইভ অৱ ৰুৰেল ইণ্ডিয়া,<ref name="psainath" />আৰু ইংৰাজী-হিন্দী ভাষাৰ অন্যান্য ডিজিটেল বাতৰি ৱেবছাইট যেনে-দ্য কুইণ্ট,<ref name="quint" /> ইণ্ডিয়া টুডেৰ অনলাইন ডেইলীঅ' নিউজ চাইট,<ref name="DailyO" /> আৰু ভাৰতীয় ডিজিটেল মিডিয়া উদ্যোগী নিখিল পাৱাৰ নিউজ চাইট, মিডিয়ানামাত অৰিহণা যোগাইছে।<ref name="MediaNama" /><ref name="MediaNama-2" /> ==ব্যক্তিগত জীৱন== গোৰ ইণ্ডিয়ান ছ'চাইটি ফৰ এপ্লাইড বিহেভিয়াৰ ছায়েন্স (আই এছ এ বি এছ)ৰ প্ৰাক্তন ছাত্ৰী আৰু তেওঁ নিজকে "অৰাজনৈতিক" বুলি অভিহিত কৰে।<ref name="eShe"/> গোৰে হিমালয়ৰ ট্ৰেকিং গাইড আৰু কৰ্পৰেট প্ৰশিক্ষক আছিল, তাৰ পিছত বিয়া হৈ মুম্বাইৰ বিৰাৰত বিদ্যুৎ কালে হিচাপে বসতি স্থাপন কৰিছিল আৰু ২০০৯ চনত পুত্ৰৰ জন্মৰ লগে লগে পূৰ্ণকালীন মাতৃলৈ পৰিণত হৈছিল।<ref name="fem" /><ref name="nyt-20120328a" /><ref name="I2day-20130730a" /><ref name="Telegraph"/> গোৰৰ পুত্ৰৰ জন্মগত অসুবিধাৰ বাবে তেওঁ ঘৰতে অধিক থাকিবলৈ বাধ্য হৈছিল৷ ইয়াৰ ফলত তেওঁ ৰাজনৈতিক ব্লগিঙক এটা মাধ্যম হিচাপে মনোনিৱেশ কৰিছিল।<ref name="eShe">{{cite web|url=https://eshe.in/2019/05/04/vidyut-gore/|website=eShe|date=4 May 2019|author=AEKTA KAPOOR|access-date=16 October 2019|title=From 'Jumla' to 'Urban Naxal', Her Soaps Make a Political Statement|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190504142716/https://eshe.in/2019/05/04/vidyut-gore/|archive-date=4 May 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> বিড়ম্বনাৰ কথাটো হ'ল, তেওঁ লক্ষ্য কৰিছিল যে তেওঁৰ পৰিয়াল আৰু তেওঁৰ তেতিয়াৰ স্বামী [[ভাৰতীয় জনতা পাৰ্টি]]ৰ সমৰ্থক আছিল, আৰু তেওঁলোকে তেওঁৰ ব্লগটো কেতিয়াও পঢ়া নাছিল।<ref name="nyt-20120328a" /> তেওঁ বৰ্ণনা কৰিছিল যে এই সময়ছোৱাত তেওঁৰ বিবাহ "বিচ্ছিন্ন হৈ পৰিছিল"৷ এসময়ত তেওঁ বিবাহ বিচ্ছেদ কৰিছিল।<ref name="eShe"/> == তথ্যসূত্ৰ == {{Reflist|3|refs= <ref name="TheHindu-20190914">{{cite news|newspaper=The Hindu|title=Meet India's spoof PM of an Alt Sarkar on Twitter|first=Susanna Myrtle|last=Lazarus|access-date=17 September 2019|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/meet-indias-spoof-pm/article29416638.ece|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190917081246/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/meet-indias-spoof-pm/article29416638.ece|archive-date=17 September 2019}}</ref> <ref name="nyt-20120328a">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/03/28/world/asia/28iht-letter28.html|title=When Home Is No Refuge for Women|last=Roy|first=Nilanjana S.|date=27 March 2012|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=15 March 2019|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|quote=Vidyut Kale is a corporate trainer and blogger who has written extensively about witnessing domestic violence in her family as a child, and then confronting abuse — emotional, financial and sexual — in her own marriage.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327133110/https://www.nytimes.com/2012/03/28/world/asia/28iht-letter28.html|archive-date=27 March 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="fem">{{Cite web|url=https://www.femina.in/achievers/vidyut-kale-on-being-politically-incorrect-45862.html|title=Blogger Vidyut Kale on being politically incorrect|publisher=[[Femina (India)|femina.in]]|language=en|access-date=15 March 2019|date=2 May 2017|author=Hemchhaya De|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327184434/https://www.femina.in/achievers/vidyut-kale-on-being-politically-incorrect-45862.html|archive-date=27 March 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="mint">{{Cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/Leisure/VViKHUnyEZzuxOSQumBhEL/Free-Speech--Virtual-empowerment.html|title=liveMint: Free Speech {{!}} Virtual empowerment|last=Sathe|first=Gopal|date=2 November 2012|publisher=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]]|language=en|access-date=23 March 2019|quote=Blogger Vidyut Kale has run www.aamjanta.com for six years. Mumbai-based Kale has written about corruption in the past and when someone sends her proof about a scam or a particular case, she posts the details on her website.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327195250/https://www.livemint.com/Leisure/VViKHUnyEZzuxOSQumBhEL/Free-Speech--Virtual-empowerment.html|archive-date=27 March 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="Yahoo-F-AS1">{{cite web|url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/poll-twitter-birthed-spoof-alternative-042515852.html|website=Yahoo finance |url-status=live|first=Manavi|last=Kapur|date=29 August 2019|access-date=17 September 2019 |title=A poll on Twitter has birthed an all-spoof alternative Indian government |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190901013310/https://finance.yahoo.com/news/poll-twitter-birthed-spoof-alternative-042515852.html|archive-date=1 September 2019}}</ref> <ref name="ThePrint-AS1">{{cite web|url=https://theprint.in/india/with-altsarkar-india-gets-a-new-government-and-prime-minister-on-twitter/280892/|website=ThePrint |title=With #AltSarkar, India gets a new 'government' and 'prime minister' — on Twitter|first=Sanya|last=Dhingra|date=23 August 2019|access-date=1 September 2019|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190901173042/https://theprint.in/india/with-altsarkar-india-gets-a-new-government-and-prime-minister-on-twitter/280892/|archive-date=1 September 2019}}</ref> <ref name="id2">{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/north/story/kapil-sibal-sarcasm-sites-spoof-websites-vidyut-kale-rahul-modi-172679-2013-08-03|title=After Narendra Modi, Rahul Gandhi, Kapil Sibal gets a sarcastic site on himself|publisher=[[India Today]]|date=3 August 2013|access-date=23 March 2019|quote=The daredevil homemaker-cum-blogger shot into news with her blogs on the Keenan and Reuben murders in Mumbai. It was her efforts that helped the poor families get the attention that their case required and helped prevent the killers from going scot-free.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190323094922/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/north/story/kapil-sibal-sarcasm-sites-spoof-websites-vidyut-kale-rahul-modi-172679-2013-08-03|archive-date=23 March 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="aa1">{{cite journal|url=http://ijlljs.in/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Namrata_Chakraborty_-_Article_for_ijlljs_vol_3_issue_3.pdf|title=HUMAN RIGHTS AND DIGITAL MEDIA: A STUDY ON THE STATUS OF FREE SPEECH IN VIRTUAL WORLD WITH RESPECT TO US, UK & INDIAN OUTLOOK|author=Namrata Chakraborty ([[Symbiosis Law School]])|journal=International Journal of Law and Legal Jurisprudence Studies|volume=3|issue=3|pages=384–385|quote=Indian Scenario: Vidyut Kale|date=July 2016|issn=2348-8212|access-date=27 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180411214542/http://ijlljs.in/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Namrata_Chakraborty_-_Article_for_ijlljs_vol_3_issue_3.pdf|archive-date=11 April 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="I2day-20130730a">{{Cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/north/story/narendra-modi-rahul-gandhi-sarcasm-sites-spoof-websites-172144-2013-07-30|title=Meet the brain behind the sarcasm sites on Narendra Modi and Rahul Gandhi|date=27 March 2012|work=[[India Today]]|access-date=15 March 2019|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327221813/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/north/story/narendra-modi-rahul-gandhi-sarcasm-sites-spoof-websites-172144-2013-07-30|archive-date=27 March 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="un1">{{cite web | url=https://itforchange.net/list-of-organisations-and-individuals-supporting-civil-society-input-to-un-working-group-looking-at | title=List of organisations and individuals supporting civil society input to the UN Working Group looking at institutional mechanisms for global governance of the Internet | publisher=IT For Change | date=September 2013 | access-date=27 March 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327202125/https://itforchange.net/list-of-organisations-and-individuals-supporting-civil-society-input-to-un-working-group-looking-at | archive-date=27 March 2019 |url-status=live| df=dmy-all }}</ref> <ref name="un2">{{cite web | url=https://itforchange.net/sites/default/files/1091/WGEC%20-%20Joint%20response%20by%2043%20civil%20society%20organisations%20.pdf | title=Response to the questionnaire issued by CSTD Working Group on Enhanced Cooperation | publisher=[[United Nations Commission on Science and Technology for Development]] | date=September 2013 | access-date=27 March 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327202254/https://itforchange.net/sites/default/files/1091/WGEC%20-%20Joint%20response%20by%2043%20civil%20society%20organisations%20.pdf | archive-date=27 March 2019 | url-status=live | df=dmy-all | archivedate=27 March 2019 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327202254/https://itforchange.net/sites/default/files/1091/WGEC%20-%20Joint%20response%20by%2043%20civil%20society%20organisations%20.pdf | deadurl=yes }}</ref> <ref name="psainath">{{cite web|url=https://psainath.org/author/vidyut/|title=Articles by Vidyut Kayle|website=psainath.org|access-date=27 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327172351/https://psainath.org/author/vidyut/|archive-date=27 March 2019|url-status=live|archivedate=27 March 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327172351/https://psainath.org/author/vidyut/|deadurl=yes}}</ref> <ref name="quint">{{cite web|url=https://www.thequint.com/voices/opinion/opinion-aadhaar-data-leak-supreme-court-hearing-privacy-uidai|title=Dear Centre & UIDAI, Please Stop Misdirecting Us on Aadhaar|date=18 May 2018|publisher=[[The Quint]]|access-date=27 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327175111/https://www.thequint.com/voices/opinion/opinion-aadhaar-data-leak-supreme-court-hearing-privacy-uidai|archive-date=27 March 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="DailyO">{{cite web|url=https://www.dailyo.in/user/2847/vidyut|title=Articles by Vidyut Kale|publisher=DailyO|quote=She is a blogger and commentator on social and socio-political issues|access-date=27 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327180219/https://www.dailyo.in/user/2847/vidyut|archive-date=27 March 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="MediaNama">{{cite web|url=https://www.medianama.com/2018/05/223-cracked-aadhaar-enrollment-and-updation-software/|title=Cracked Aadhaar enrollment and updation software for sale on the black market: Report|publisher=[[MediaNama]]|author1=Vidyut Kale|author2=Nikhil Pahwa|date=1 May 2018|access-date=27 March 2019|quote=Vidyut is a commentator on socio-political issues with a keen interest in behavioral sciences, digital rights and security and manages to engage her various proficiencies to bring an unusual perspective to issues related with the intersection of tech and people.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327201014/https://www.medianama.com/2018/05/223-cracked-aadhaar-enrollment-and-updation-software/|archive-date=27 March 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="MediaNama-2">{{cite web|url=https://www.medianama.com/author/vidyut/|title=Articles by Vidyut Kale|date=29 May 2018 |publisher=[[MediaNama]]|access-date=27 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327214107/https://www.medianama.com/author/vidyut/|archive-date=27 March 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="Telegraph">{{cite web |title=Girls just wanna have... a voice |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/girls-just-wanna-have-a-voice/cid/1289150 |access-date=23 March 2019 |publisher=[[The Telegraph (Calcutta)|The Telegraph]] |date=8 March 2014 |author=Prasun Chaudhuri |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190323032550/https://www.telegraphindia.com/states/west-bengal/girls-just-wanna-have-a-voice/cid/1289150 |archive-date=23 March 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="EconTimes">{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/news/Activists-bemoan-absence-of-active-Pirate-Party-in-India/articleshow/34542968.cms|title=Activists bemoan absence of "active" Pirate Party in India|author=Kim Arora|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=2 May 2014|access-date=23 March 2019|quote=Mumbai-based blogger and activist Vidyut Kale became active with the Indian Pirate Party last year.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331110613/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/news/Activists-bemoan-absence-of-active-Pirate-Party-in-India/articleshow/34542968.cms|archive-date=31 March 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="FridayTimes">{{cite web|url=https://www.thefridaytimes.com/peace-after-pathankot/|publisher=[[The Friday Times]]|title=Peace after Pathankot|author=Khuldune Shahid|date=8 January 2016|access-date=23 March 2019|quote=Indian sociopolitical blogger Vidyut Kale believes that while critics of Modi will not spare the opportunity to question him, most of them – except Shiv Sena – are very pro-talks.}}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <ref name="IndiaTimes">{{cite web|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/team-aib-apologises-to-christian-community/articleshow/46180411.cms|title=Team AIB apologises to Christian community|date=10 February 2015|author=DIVYA RAJAGOPAL|access-date=25 March 2019|quote="Knowing the state of breaking law to create outrage, profiting from it, and ENDORSING them with public apology after apology. AIB FAIL," tweeted Vidyut Kale, blogger and a frequenter commentator on the micro blogging site Twitter.|publisher=[[India Times]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328120023/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/team-aib-apologises-to-christian-community/articleshow/46180411.cms|archive-date=28 March 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> }} [[শ্ৰেণী:ভাৰতৰ মহিলা সমাজকৰ্মী]] [[শ্ৰেণী:সমাজকৰ্মী]] 2qo1yknttwh8pjkoryq1gls4ijrdvhe 0 116383 605924 501883 2026-05-12T03:35:55Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 605924 wikitext text/x-wiki [[চিত্র:Haishangguanyin.jpg|thumb|250x250px| গুৱান য়িন মূৰ্তি, যিটো বিশ্বৰ আটাইতকৈ ডাঙৰ নাৰী মূৰ্তি।]] '''বৌদ্ধ ধৰ্মত নাৰীৰ অৱস্থান''' ধৰ্মতত্ত্ব, ইতিহাস, নৃতত্ত্ব, আৰু নাৰীবাদকে ধৰি বিভিন্ন দৃষ্টিকোণৰ পৰা আলোচনা কৰিব পাৰি। ধৰ্মতত্ত্বৰ দৃষ্টিকোণৰ পৰা সংস্কাৰৰ ভিতৰত নাৰীৰ মৰ্যাদা, বৌদ্ধ সমাজত, ঘৰত, সকলোতে নাৰীক ভাল ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা আদি অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত।বৌদ্ধ ধৰ্মত নাৰীৰ ইতিহাস, আৰু অন্যান্য ধৰ্মৰ দৰে [[বৌদ্ধ ধৰ্ম]]তো নাৰীৰ মৰ্যাদা বিভিন্ন স্তৰত বহু পৰিমাণে ভিন্ন।<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J6Ci86jyYq4C&|title=Blossoms of the Dharma: Living as a Buddhist Nun|first=Khandro|year=1999|publisher=North Atlantic Books|isbn=978-1-55643-325-2}}</ref> [[গৌতম বুদ্ধ|বুদ্ধই]] শিকাইছিল যে এগৰাকী পত্নীয়ে স্বামীৰ আজ্ঞাকাৰী হ’ব লাগে ^{(০৫:৩৩)}, আৰু লগতে শিকাইছিল যে স্বামীয়ে নিজৰ পত্নীক সন্মান কৰিব লাগে। ফুৰে বাৰ্নাৰ্ড আৰু মিৰাণ্ডা শ্ব’ৰ দৰে কিছুমান পণ্ডিতে এই কথাত একমত যে বৌদ্ধ ধৰ্মৰ শিক্ষাই প্ৰথম অৱস্থাত লিংগ বিষয়ক ব্যাপকভাৱে আলোচনা কৰিছিল আৰু ইয়াক অতিশয় মনোযোগ দিছিল।<ref>{{Cite book|title=Passionate Enlightenment: Women in Tantric Buddhism|first=Miranda|year=1994|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=0-691-01090-0}}</ref> == প্ৰাক-বৌদ্ধ ধৰ্ম == যি সামাজিক স্তৰত বৌদ্ধ ধৰ্মৰ উত্থান ঘটিছিল, সেই সময়ত পুৰুষতকৈ নাৰীক নিম্ন স্থানত ৰখা হৈছিল। উদাহৰণস্বৰূপে, নাৰীৰ ব্যৱহাৰৰ সন্দৰ্ভত বৌদ্ধ ধৰ্মৰ ধাৰণা বহু দিশত সলনি হৈছিল আৰু বৌদ্ধ ধৰ্মৰ আগমনৰ লগে লগে ই গুচি গ’ল। বুদ্ধৰ সময়ত হিন্দু ধৰ্মত নাৰীৰ প্ৰতি কিছু পৰিমাণে হ'লেও বৰ্ণবাদী আছিল। অৰ্থাৎ মহিলাগৰাকী পিতৃ, স্বামী বা ভাতৃৰ তত্ত্বাৱধানত থাকিব আৰু তেওঁলোকৰ সম্পূৰ্ণ আজ্ঞা পালন কৰিব লাগিব, আৰু কোনো ধৰণে স্বাধীন হ’ব নালাগিব।<ref name="ReferenceA">{{Cite book|title=The First Buddhist Women: Translations and Commentary on the ''Therigatha''|url=https://archive.org/details/firstbuddhistwom00murc|first=Susan|year=1991|publisher=Parallax Press|isbn=0-938077-42-2}}</ref> বৌদ্ধ ধৰ্মৰ সাৰ্বজনীন বাৰ্তা হৈছে যে নাৰী সমাজৰ সকলো ক্ষেত্ৰতে প্ৰৱেশ কৰিব লাগে। কিন্তু ইয়াত লিংগ, জাতি, জাতি, ধৰ্মৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত বৰ্ণবাদক বাদ দিয়া হৈছিল। বৌদ্ধ ধৰ্মই নাৰীক সন্ন্যাসী হ’বলৈ আৰু পুৰুষৰ সৈতে আধ্যাত্মিক মিলন কৰিবলৈ, প্ৰাৰ্থনা আৰু পূজা আদি বিভিন্ন ধৰ্মীয় কাম-কাজ কৰিবলৈ অধিকাৰ প্ৰদান কৰিছে।<ref name="ReferenceA"/> ==উদীয়মান বৌদ্ধ ধৰ্ম== [[বৌদ্ধ ধৰ্ম]]ৰ প্ৰতিষ্ঠাপক [[গৌতম বুদ্ধ]]ই মহিলাসকলক পূৰ্ণ সদস্য হিচাপে মঠ সমাজত যোগদান আৰু অংশগ্ৰহণৰ অনুমতি দিছিল। কিন্তু বুদ্ধই মঠ-মন্দিৰৰ লগত বৌদ্ধ মহিলাৰ সঙ্গতিৰ ওপৰত কিছুমান চৰ্ত ৰাখিছিল। ইয়াৰ দ্বাৰা প্ৰথম বৌদ্ধ পৰিষদৰ মতামত সমৰ্থন কৰা হয়। উদীয়মান বৌদ্ধ ধৰ্মত সাধাৰণতে সন্ন্যাসীৰ ওপৰত মঠৰ নিয়ন্ত্ৰণ বজাই ৰখা হৈছিল। গৱেষক ডায়েনা পলে কয় যে "আৰম্ভণি বৌদ্ধ ধৰ্মৰ সময়ত" নাৰীৰ ভূমিকা সম্পৰ্কে পৰম্পৰাগত দৃষ্টিভংগী পুৰুষতকৈ হীন আছিল আৰু আন গৱেষকসকলে কয় যে ভাৰতীয় বৌদ্ধ ধৰ্মৰ প্ৰাৰম্ভিক কালত "ঘৃণাৰ জাতি"ৰ উন্মেষ ঘটিছিল। কিন্তু কিছুমান স্পষ্টভাৱে উল্লেখ কৰা ঘৃণনীয় মতবাদৰ উপস্থিতিৰ পিছতো সমগ্ৰ প্ৰাচীন "ভাৰতীয় বৌদ্ধ ধৰ্ম"ত নাৰীৰ ভূমিকাক ঘৃণা কৰা হৈছিল। কিছুমান ধাৰাভাষ্যকাৰে গৌতম বুদ্ধৰ শিক্ষাক মানৱ জাতিৰ অৱনতিৰ বাবে নাৰীক জগৰীয়া কৰা বুলি ব্যাখ্যা কৰিছে যদিও বৌদ্ধ ব্যাখ্যাত সাধাৰণতে নাৰীক কামুক বুলি চিত্ৰিত কৰা হৈছে। কিন্তু আদিম বৌদ্ধ ধৰ্মত নাৰীৰ কিছু কম ইতিবাচক প্ৰতিচ্ছবি থকাৰ পাছতো পীটক সুত্ত থেৰাবাদতো এনে উদাহৰণ পোৱা যায় যে লিংগৰ ধাৰণা নিৰ্বাণ বা জ্ঞান লাভৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত বাধা হ’ব পাৰে। == নাৰীৰ আধ্যাত্মিক অৰ্জন == বৌদ্ধ বিদ্যালয় আৰু পৰম্পৰাসমূহে নাৰীৰ আধ্যাত্মিক সফলতাৰ সম্ভাৱনাৰ ওপৰত ভিন্ন মতামত ৰাখে আৰু পশ্চিম আৰু মধ্যপ্ৰাচ্যৰ নাৰীবাদী পণ্ডিতসকলে সন্তোষজনক আৰু নিৰপেক্ষ ধাৰণা প্ৰদান নকৰে। তেওঁলোকে কয় যে পুৰুষ-মহিলাৰ মাজত কোনো সমতা নাই।<ref name="Bernard Faure 2003 3">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RvO0vO575owC|title=The Power of Denial: Buddhism, Purity, and Gender|year=2003|publisher=Princeton University Press|chapter=Introduction|isbn=0-691-09171-4}}</ref> === আধ্যাত্মিক প্ৰগতিৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত নাৰীৰ সীমা === বৌদ্ধ পৰম্পৰাত ধৰ্মীয় কৰ্তৃত্বৰ পদবীত সাধাৰণতে ব্যক্তিৰ আধ্যাত্মিক কৃতিত্বৰ প্ৰতিফলন হয়। উদাহৰণস্বৰূপে, দেৱতাসকলে মানুহতকৈ উচ্চ ক্ষেত্ৰত বাস কৰে আৰু এইটো এটা নিৰ্দিষ্ট স্তৰৰ আধ্যাত্মিক প্ৰাপ্তিৰ বাবে। বৌদ্ধ ধৰ্মত এগৰাকী নাৰীয়ে পাঁচটা বাধাৰ সন্মুখীন হয়, কিন্তু তেওঁ ব্ৰহ্মা, চকুৰা বা বুদ্ধৰ ৰজা হ’ব নোৱাৰিব। ইয়াৰ ভিত্তি হৈছে গৌতম বুদ্ধই পালি কেননত নিকায় মঘিমাৰ বোদাটোকা-সুত্তত কোৱা কথাষাৰৰ "আলোকিতসকলৰ ভিতৰত এজন হোৱাটো অসম্ভৱ।" === বৌদ্ধ ধৰ্মত নাৰীৰ সীমা === [[বৌদ্ধ ধৰ্ম|বৌদ্ধ ধৰ্মত]] জ্ঞান লাভ কৰিবলৈ সাধাৰণতে জ্ঞান লাভৰ বাবে অনুকূল পৰিৱেশ থকাটো প্ৰয়োজন। সেয়ে ‘বুদ্ধ’ শব্দটোৱে সাধাৰণতে এনে এজন ব্যক্তিক বুজায় যিজন জ্ঞানপ্ৰাপ্ত (অৰ্থাৎ সত্য বা ''ধৰ্ম'' বিচাৰি উলিয়াবলৈ জাগ্ৰত হৈছে)। বৌদ্ধ ধৰ্মৰ মতে সাধাৰণ জীৱনৰ পৰা বিচ্ছিন্ন এই অৱস্থাৰ বাবে প্ৰয়োজনীয় স্তৰৰ (তপস্যাচৰ্চা) প্ৰয়োজন। আৰু ইয়াৰ বাবে বহু চৰ্ত আছে। প্ৰাথমিক বৌদ্ধ ধৰ্ম আৰু মধ্যযুগীয় বৌদ্ধ ধৰ্মৰ মাজৰ সংযোগ হ’ল, প্ৰাচীন বৌদ্ধ গ্ৰন্থত [[গৌতম বুদ্ধ|গৌতম বুদ্ধৰ]] বাণী হৈছে এগৰাকী নাৰীয়ে জ্ঞান লাভ কৰিব পাৰে। বাস্তৱত বৌদ্ধ ধৰ্মত উপনীত হোৱাটো নাৰীৰ বাবে কঠিন। এই কথাই কোৱা হৈছে যে নাৰীয়ে বৌদ্ধ ধৰ্মত উপনীত হ’ব নোৱাৰে। বিংশ শতিকাত তিব্বতী বৌদ্ধ বিদ্যালয়ৰ নন টেনজিন পালমোৱে জ্ঞান-প্ৰাপ্তিৰ অৱস্থাত উপনীত হৈ কয়, "মই এগৰাকী নাৰী হিচাপে জ্ঞান-প্ৰাপ্তি লাভ কৰাৰ প্ৰতিজ্ঞা কৰিছিলো - ইয়াক লাভ কৰিবলৈ যিমানেই সময় নালাগিব।" ==বৌদ্ধ ধৰ্মত মহিলাৰ শ্ৰেণীবিভাজন== [[বৌদ্ধ ধৰ্ম]]ত মহিলাৰ স্তৰবৃত্ত পূব [[এছিয়া]]ৰ কেইবাটাও অঞ্চলত প্ৰচলিত হৈছে, আৰু [[শ্ৰীলংকা]]ৰ দৰে কিছুমান দেশত ইয়াক পুনৰুজ্জীৱিত কৰা হৈছে। পশ্চিমীয়া কিছুমান দেশত ইয়াৰ বিয়পিবলৈ আৰম্ভ কৰিছে। উদাহৰণস্বৰূপে, বৌদ্ধ ধৰ্মই শেহতীয়াকৈ [[আমেৰিকা]]ত প্ৰৱেশ কৰিছে ৷ == বিবাহ আৰু পাৰিবাৰিক জীৱন == কিছুমান গৱেষকে [[গৌতম বুদ্ধ]]ৰ শিক্ষাৰ বহু দিশৰ সমালোচনা কৰে, য’ত বিবাহ সম্পৰ্কীয় বিষয়বোৰো আছে। এই শিক্ষাৰ মাজত প্ৰেমৰ প্ৰতি আহ্বান, সহনশীলতা, দয়াৰ আচৰণ কৰা, দুখীয়াক দান দিয়া, ধন-সম্পত্তি আৰু বিলাসীতা ত্যাগ কৰা, নিজকে কঠোৰতা আৰু ৰুক্ষতাৰ দিশলৈ লৈ যোৱা, অবৈধ যৌন সম্পৰ্ক, অবৈধ বিবাহ বা ব্যভিচাৰ, অবৈধ অৰ্থৰ পৰা আঁতৰি থাকিবলৈ উৎসাহিত আৰু সন্ত্ৰাসবাদৰ প্ৰতি আহ্বান জনায়। আমি দেখিবলৈ পাওঁ যে বুদ্ধৰ বেছিভাগ শিক্ষাই ত্যাগ, অটিজিম, মানুহৰ পৰা দূৰত্বৰ আহ্বান জনাইছে আৰু তপস্যা বা ধ্যান-ধাৰণাৰ প্ৰতি সচেতনতাৰ দ্বাৰা এই কথা বৃদ্ধি পায়। বিবাহৰ নিয়ম, আৰু পত্নী হিচাপে নাৰীৰ মৰ্যাদা সম্পৰ্কেও উল্লেখ কৰিছে। ==বৌদ্ধ ধৰ্মৰ কিছুমান মহান নাৰী== [[বৌদ্ধ ধৰ্ম]]ৰ ইতিহাস বহু মহান নাৰীৰ নামেৰে ভৰি আছে, যাৰ জীৱন কিংবদন্তি হৈ পৰিছে। পালি ভাষাত ৰচিত থেৰিগাথা নামৰ এখন গ্ৰন্থত নাৰীৰ আধ্যাত্মিক উন্নতিৰ বিষয়ে আলোচনা কৰা বুলি জনা যায়। এই সম্ভ্ৰান্ত মহিলাসকলৰ ভিতৰত উল্লেখযোগ্য হ’ল মহাপাজাপতি গৌতমী, ক্ষেমা, পাটাচৰা, অম্ৰপালী বা অম্বাপালী, আৰু ইছিদাসী বা ঋষিদাসী। এইসকল আছিল বৌদ্ধ সন্ন্যাসী। বৌদ্ধ ধৰ্মৰ কিছুমান বিশিষ্ট গৃহস্থ মহিলা হ’ল- সামাৱতী, খুজ্জুত্তৰা, বিশাখা ইত্যাদি। ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== ===Scripture=== *[https://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/kn/thig/index.html Therigatha Verses of the Elder Nuns] *[https://www.accesstoinsight.org/lib/authors/bodhi/bl143.html Discourses of the Ancient Nuns (Bhikkhuni-samyutta)] ===Articles=== *[https://web.archive.org/web/20080614062025/http://www.shambhalasun.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=3219&Itemid=336 Women and Buddhism at the Shambhala Sun Magazine] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20091027124120/http://www.geocities.com/zennun12_8/index.html Zen, Women, and Buddhism] *[https://archive.today/20120801200443/http://www.dharmafellowship.org/library/essays/women-buddhas.htm Women Buddhas: A Short List of Female Saints, Teachers and Practitioners in Tibetan Buddhism] *[https://archive.today/20120804061022/http://www.khandro.net/108_female_siddhas.htm 108 Female Siddhas, Dakinis, Yoginis and Tantric Adepts] *[https://lhamo.tripod.com/9deity.htm#Machig- Female Buddhas and Bodhisattvas according to Tibetan Buddhist tradition]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} WAiB * [https://lhamo.tripod.com/4ordin.htm Women Active in Buddhism: Resources on Women's Ordination]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [https://www.sakyadhita.org/ Sakyadhita: the International Association of Buddhist Women] * [https://www.buddhanet.net/mag_nuns.htm Buddhanet: Women in Buddhism] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240926152634/http://www.buddhanet.net/mag_nuns.htm |date=2024-09-26 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20011230170742/http://www.khandro.net/Buddhism_women.htm Role of Women in Buddhism] * [https://www.buddhanet.net/e-learning/history/women.htm Buddhanet:Women in Buddhism] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241007205302/http://buddhanet.net/e-learning/history/women.htm |date=2024-10-07 }} ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== [[শ্ৰেণী:নাৰী|বৌদ্ধ ধৰ্ম]] [[শ্ৰেণী:নাৰীবাদ]] [[শ্ৰেণী:নাৰীবাদী]] [[শ্ৰেণী:বৌদ্ধ ধৰ্ম]] [[শ্ৰেণী:সমাজ সংস্কাৰক]] p5wubdylx0za9h4rnehzx7bmygt47cp 0 119417 605895 519778 2026-05-11T17:38:49Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 605895 wikitext text/x-wiki '''পেট্ৰিচিয়া আমিৰা''' ({{Lang-en|Patricia Amira}}) কেনিয়াৰ মহিলা আৰু কিশোৰী অধিকাৰৰ সমৰ্থক, সম্প্ৰচাৰক, ৰাজহুৱা বক্তা আৰু সন্মিলনৰ মডাৰেটৰ। ২০০৯ চনৰ পৰা ২০১৩ চনলৈকে সমগ্ৰ আফ্ৰিকাৰ লগতে ইউৰোপ আৰু আমেৰিকাত প্ৰচাৰিত হোৱা তেওঁৰ টেলিভিছন শ্ব’ ‘দ্য পেট্ৰিচিয়া শ্ব’ৰ বাবে তেওঁ বিশেষ স্বীকৃতি লাভ কৰে। ==প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন== কেনিয়াৰ নাইৰোবিত আমিৰাৰ জন্ম হৈছিল। তেওঁ ১৯৮১ চনৰ পৰা ১৯৮৫ চনৰ ভিতৰত জেনেভাৰ আন্তৰ্জাতিক বিদ্যালয়, ১৯৮৫ চনৰ পৰা ১৯৮৮ চনলৈকে ইংলেণ্ডৰ নৰ্থ ইয়ৰ্কশ্বাৰৰ ৰিচমণ্ডৰ কনভেণ্ট অৱ দ্য এছমপচনত আৰু ১৯৮৯ চনৰ পৰা ১৯৯২ চনলৈকে ৰিজেণ্টছ ইউনিভাৰ্চিটি লণ্ডনত অধ্যয়ন কৰে।<ref>{{cite web |title=Patricia Amira, Education |url=https://www.linkedin.com/in/patriciaamira/details/education/ |website=LinkedIn |access-date=5 October 2023}}</ref> ==মিডিয়া কেৰিয়াৰ== ২০০০ চনত আমিৰাই কেনিয়াৰ সংবাদ মাধ্যমৰ উদাৰীকৰণৰ পিছত স্থাপন হোৱা দ্বিতীয়টো স্বতন্ত্ৰ ৰেডিঅ’ ষ্টেচন ৯৮.৪ কেপিটেল এফ এমত কাম কৰিবলৈ আৰম্ভ কৰে। পিছলৈ তেওঁ টেলিভিছনলৈ গুচি যায়, ২০০৯ চনৰ পৰা ২০১৩ চনৰ ভিতৰত সমগ্ৰ আফ্ৰিকাৰ লগতে ইউৰোপ আৰু আমেৰিকাত ছিণ্ডিকেট কৰা ''দ্য পেট্ৰিচিয়া শ্ব'''ৰ বিষয়বস্তুৰ সৃষ্টি, আয়োজনৰ লগত জড়িত হৈ থাকে।<ref>{{cite web |last1=Gallafent |first1=Alex |last2=Mullins |first2=Lisa |title=Oprah Winfrey's Influence Around the World |url=https://theworld.org/stories/2011-05-25/oprah-winfreys-influence-around-world |website=The World |access-date=5 October 2023}}</ref><ref name="KA">{{cite web |title=Patricia Amira is one of Africa’s Top 40 Most Powerful Media Personalities |url=https://kadigest.com/patricia-amira-is-one-of-africas-top-40most-powerful-media-personalities/ |website=KA Digest |access-date=5 October 2023 |archivedate=5 October 2023 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231005153517/https://kadigest.com/patricia-amira-is-one-of-africas-top-40most-powerful-media-personalities/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref name="Equality">{{cite web |title=Our Team - Patricia Amira |url=https://www.equalitynow.org/staff_members/patricia-amira-kenya/ |website=Equality Now |access-date=5 October 2023 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> তেওঁ ২০১৮ চনৰ কাঁন চলচ্চিত্ৰ মহোৎসৱত প্ৰিমিয়াৰ হোৱা ''ৰফিক'' নামৰ এখন ছবিত অভিনয় কৰিছে, যিখন ছবি মহোৎসৱত প্ৰদৰ্শিত হোৱা প্ৰথমখন কেনিয়াৰ ছবি। পাৰিবাৰিক আৰু ৰাজনৈতিক হেঁচাত দুগৰাকী যুৱতীৰ মাজত হোৱা ৰোমাঞ্চ আৰু কেনিয়াত [[এলজিবিটি]]ৰ অধিকাৰৰ আধাৰত ছবিখন নিৰ্মিত। আমিৰাই এগৰাকী ছোৱালীৰ মাতৃৰ চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰিছিল।<ref>{{cite web |title=The 2018 Official Selection |url=https://www.festival-cannes.com/en/press/press-releases/the-2018-official-selection/ |website=Cannes Film Festival |access-date=5 October 2023}}</ref> ==নাৰীৰ অধিকাৰ== আমিৰা মহিলা আৰু ছোৱালীৰ মানৱ অধিকাৰ সুৰক্ষা আৰু প্ৰসাৰৰ পোষকতা কৰিবলৈ ১৯৯২ চনত প্ৰতিষ্ঠা হোৱা আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় বেচৰকাৰী সংস্থা ইকুৱেলিটি নাওৰ ব’ৰ্ডৰ সহ-সভাপতি। ই চৰকাৰসমূহক বিশ্বজুৰি মহিলা আৰু ছোৱালীৰ অধিকাৰ সুৰক্ষিত আৰু প্ৰসাৰ কৰা আইন গ্ৰহণ, উন্নতি আৰু বলবৎ কৰিবলৈ উৎসাহিত কৰাৰ বাবে কাম কৰে৷ লগতে [[মহিলাৰ বিৰুদ্ধে হিংসা|যৌন হিংসা]]ৰ অন্ত পেলোৱা, [[বাল্য বিবাহ]] আৰু [[মহিলাৰ যৌনাংগ বিকৃতকৰণ|মহিলাৰ যৌনাংগ বিকৃতি]]ৰ দৰে ক্ষতিকাৰক প্ৰথাৰ অন্ত পেলোৱা, মহিলা আৰু ছোৱালীৰ সৰবৰাহকে ধৰি [[যৌন নিৰ্যাতন|যৌন শোষ]]ণৰ অন্ত পেলোৱা আৰু আইনত যৌন বৈষম্যৰ অন্ত পেলোৱাত মনোনিৱেশ কৰে।<ref name="Equality" /> ==স্বীকৃতি== আমিৰাৰ এই কামক ফৰ্বছ আফ্ৰিকাই স্বীকৃতি দিছে, যিয়ে ২০১১ চনত তেওঁক আফ্ৰিকাৰ ৪০ গৰাকী শক্তিশালী মিডিয়া ব্যক্তিত্বৰ ভিতৰত অন্যতম বুলি গণ্য কৰিছিল। ২০১৪ চনত ফৰ্বছ আফ্ৰিকে তেওঁক আফ্ৰিকাৰ ১০০ গৰাকী প্ৰভাৱশালী মহিলাৰ ভিতৰত অন্যতম বুলি গণ্য কৰিছিল। ২০১৩ চনত তেওঁ মহিলা, প্ৰেৰণা আৰু উদ্যোগ মিডিয়া বঁটা লাভ কৰে।<ref name="KA" /><ref name="Equality" /><ref>{{cite web |title=EVENTSGraça Machel, Toyin Saraki, Dee Poku, Folake Folarin-Coker, Zizi Cardow, Patricia Amira & More Top Female African Influencers at the WIE Conference in Cape Town |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2013/05/graca-machel-toyin-saraki-dee-poku-folake-folarin-coker-zizi-cardow-patricia-amira-more-top-female-african-entrepreneurs-at-the-wie-conference-in-cape-town-photos-scoop/ |website=Bellanaija |access-date=5 October 2023}}</ref> == তথ্যসূত্ৰ == [[শ্ৰেণী:কেনিয়াৰ নাৰী অধিকাৰ কৰ্মী]] eq2x45mmcbo1k91vanmn7ywd3hra1qe 0 123467 605861 524655 2026-05-11T14:36:03Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 605861 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|গছ-গছনি, শেলাই আৰু বেক্টেৰিয়াত পোৱা সেউজীয়া ৰং}} {{multiple image|caption_align=center|header_align=center | align = right | direction = vertical | width = 300 | header = বিভিন্ন স্কেলত পত্ৰহৰিৎ | image1 = Mélisse Feuilles FR 2013b.jpg | alt1 = লেমন বামৰ পাত | caption1 = পত্ৰহৰিতৰ বাবে বহু গছ-গছনি আৰু শেলাইৰ সেউজীয়া ৰং হয়। | image2 = Plagiomnium affine laminazellen.jpeg | alt2 = গছৰ কোষৰ মাইক্ৰ'স্ক'পৰ ছবি, য'ত ক্ল'ৰ'প্লাষ্ট সৰু সেউজীয়া বল হিচাপে দেখা যায় | caption2 = মাইক্ৰ'স্ক'পৰ জৰিয়তে দেখা গ'লে, পত্ৰহৰিৎ গছৰ কোষৰ ভিতৰত [[chloroplast|ক্ল'ৰ'প্লাষ্ট]] নামৰ গঠনত কেন্দ্ৰীভূত হৈ থাকে। | image3 = Why are plants green.svg | alt3 = এখন পাতে নীলা আৰু ৰঙা পোহৰ শোষণ কৰে, কিন্তু সেউজীয়া পোহৰ প্ৰতিফলিত কৰে | caption3 = গছ-গছনি সেউজীয়া দেখা যায় কাৰণ পত্ৰহৰিতে মুখ্যতঃ নীলা আৰু ৰঙা তৰংগদৈৰ্ঘ্য শোষণ কৰে কিন্তু সেউজীয়া পোহৰ, কোষৰ দেৱালৰ দৰে গঠনৰ দ্বাৰা প্ৰতিফলিত হয় আৰু কম শোষিত হয়।<ref name=JBE>{{cite journal |doi=10.1080/00219266.2020.1858930|doi-access=free |title=Chlorophyll does not reflect green light – how to correct a misconception |year=2020 | vauthors = Virtanen O, Constantinidou E, Tyystjärvi E |journal=Journal of Biological Education |volume=56 |issue=5 |pages=1–8 }}</ref> | image4 = Chlorophyll d structure.svg | alt4 = পত্ৰহৰিৎ ডিৰ গঠন | caption4 = পত্ৰহৰিতৰ কেইবাটাও প্ৰকাৰ আছে, কিন্তু সকলোৱে এই ডায়াগ্ৰামৰ সোঁফালে গঠিত [[chlorin|ক্ল'ৰিন]] [[magnesium|মেগনেছিয়াম]] [[ligand|লিগেণ্ড]] ভাগ কৰে। }} '''পত্ৰহৰিৎ''' ({{Lang-en|Chlorophyll}}) হৈছে [[cyanobacteria|চায়ানোবেক্টেৰিয়া]] আৰু [[alga|শেলাই]] তথা [[plant|গছ-গছনি]]ৰ [[chloroplast|ক্ল'ৰ'প্লাষ্ট]]ত পোৱা কেইবাটাও সম্পৰ্কিত সেউজীয়া [[pigment|ৰঞ্জক পদাৰ্থ]]ৰ ভিতৰত এটা।<ref>{{cite web | title =Chlorophyll | vauthors = May P | publisher=[[University of Bristol]] | url=http://www.chm.bris.ac.uk/motm/chlorophyll/chlorophyll_h.htm}}</ref> ইয়াক হৰিৎকণা বুলিও জনা যায়। ইয়াৰ নাম প্ৰাচীন গ্ৰীক শব্দ {{lang|grc|χλωρός}} ( "পাতল সেউজীয়া") আৰু {{lang|grc|φύλλον}} ("পাত")ৰ পৰা উদ্ভৱ হৈছে।<ref name=OnlineEtDict>{{cite encyclopedia |title=chlorophyll |dictionary=[[Online Etymology Dictionary]] |url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=chlorophyll&allowed_in_frame=0}}</ref> পত্ৰহৰিতে গছ-গছনিক পোহৰৰ পৰা [[energy|শক্তি]] শোষণ কৰিবলৈ সক্ষম কৰে। এই ৰঞ্জক পদাৰ্থসমূহ [[oxygenic photosynthesis|অক্সিজেনিক সালোক সংশ্লেষণ]]ত জড়িত, যিটো [[bacteriochlorophyll|বেক্টেৰিওপত্ৰহৰিৎ]]ৰ বিপৰীতে, যি কেৱল বেক্টেৰিয়াত পোৱা যায় আৰু [[anoxygenic photosynthesis|অক্সিজেনবিহীন সালোক সংশ্লেষণ]]ত জড়িত।<ref>{{cite web | vauthors = Udayangani S | date = 31 March 2020 | work = differencebetween.com | title = Difference Between Bacteriochlorophyll and Chlorophyll| url = https://www.differencebetween.com/difference-between-bacteriochlorophyll-and-chlorophyll/}}</ref> পত্ৰহৰিতে [[Diffuse sky radiation|নীলা অংশ]]ৰ লগতে [[electromagnetic spectrum|ইলেক্ট্ৰ'মেগনেটিক স্পেকট্ৰাম]]ৰ ৰঙা অংশত পোহৰ অধিক শক্তিশালীভাৱে শোষণ কৰে।<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Muneer S, Kim EJ, Park JS, Lee JH | title = Influence of green, red and blue light emitting diodes on multiprotein complex proteins and photosynthetic activity under varying light intensities in lettuce leaves (Lactuca sativa L.) | journal = International Journal of Molecular Sciences | volume = 15 | issue = 3 | pages = 4657–70 | date = March 2014 | pmid = 24642884 | pmc = 3975419 | doi = 10.3390/ijms15034657 | doi-access = free }}</ref> ইয়াৰ বিপৰীতে, সেউজীয়া আৰু ওচৰৰ সেউজীয়া অংশত ই কম শোষণ কৰে। সেয়েহে পত্ৰহৰিৎযুক্ত কলাসমূহ সেউজীয়া দেখা যায় কাৰণ কোষৰ দেৱালৰ দৰে গঠনে প্ৰতিফলিত কৰা সেউজীয়া পোহৰ কম শোষিত হয়।<ref name=JBE/> সেউজীয়া গছৰ ফটোচিষ্টেমত দুটা প্ৰকাৰৰ পত্ৰহৰিৎ থাকে: [[chlorophyll a|পত্ৰহৰিৎ এ]] আৰু [[chlorophyll b|পত্ৰহৰিৎ বি]]।<ref>{{cite web | vauthors = Speer BR | year = 1997 | title = Photosynthetic Pigments | work = UCMP Glossary (online) | publisher = [[University of California Museum of Paleontology]] | url = http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/glossary/gloss3/pigments.html | access-date = 2010-07-17 }}</ref> ==ইতিহাস== পত্ৰহৰিৎ প্ৰথমে ১৮১৭ চনত [[Joseph Bienaimé Caventou|জোচেফ বিয়েনাইমে কেভেণ্ট']] আৰু [[Pierre Joseph Pelletier|পিয়েৰ জোচেফ পেলেটিয়েৰ]]ৰ দ্বাৰা পৃথক কৰি নামকৰণ কৰা হৈছিল।<ref>See: * {{cite journal | vauthors = Delépine M | author-link = :fr:Marcel Delépine | date = September 1951 | title = Joseph Pelletier and Joseph Caventou | journal = [[Journal of Chemical Education]] | volume = 28 | issue = 9 | page = 454 | doi = 10.1021/ed028p454 | bibcode = 1951JChEd..28..454D }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Pelletier PJ, Caventou JB | date = 1817 | url = https://archive.org/stream/journaldepharma22unkngoog#page/n444/mode/2up | title = Notice sur la matière verte des feuilles | trans-title = Notice on the green material in leaves | language = French | journal = Journal de Pharmacie | volume = 3 | pages = 486–491 }} On p. 490, the authors propose a new name for chlorophyll. From p. 490: ''"Nous n'avons aucun droit pour nommer une substance connue depuis long-temps, et à l'histoire de laquelle nous n'avons ajouté que quelques faits; cependant nous proposerons, sans y mettre aucune importance, le nom de ''chlorophyle'', de ''chloros'', couleur, et ''{{math|φύλλον}}'', feuille : ce nom indiquerait le rôle qu'elle joue dans la nature."'' (We have no right to name a substance [that has been] known for a long time, and to whose story we have added only a few facts; however, we will propose, without giving it any importance, the name ''chlorophyll'', from ''chloros'', color, and {{math|φύλλον}}, leaf : this name would indicate the role that it plays in nature.)</ref> ১৯০৬ চনত পত্ৰহৰিৎত [[magnesium|মেগনেছিয়াম]]ৰ উপস্থিতি আৱিষ্কাৰ কৰা হৈছিল,<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Willstätter R | date = 1906 | title = Zur Kenntniss der Zusammensetzung des Chlorophylls | trans-title = Contribution to the knowledge of the composition of chlorophyll | language = de | journal = Annalen der Chemie | volume = 350 | issue = 1–2 | pages = 48–82 | doi = 10.1002/jlac.19063500103 | quote = From p. 49: ''"Das Hauptproduct der alkalischen Hydrolyse bilden tiefgrüne Alkalisalze. In ihnen liegen complexe Magnesiumverbindungen vor, die das Metall in einer gegen Alkali auch bei hoher Temperatur merkwürdig widerstandsfähigen Bindung enthalten."'' (Deep green alkali salts form the main product of alkali hydrolysis. In them, complex magnesium compounds are present, which contain the metal in a bond that is extraordinarily resistant to alkali even at high temperature.) | url = http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uva.x002455980; view=1up; seq=436}}</ref> আৰু এইটোৱে জীৱিত কলাত এই মৌলৰ প্ৰথম সনাক্তকৰণ আছিল।<ref name="motilva">{{Cite book | vauthors = Motilva MJ | contribution = Chlorophylls{{Snd}} from functionality in food to health relevance | year = 2008 | title = 5th Pigments in Food congress- for quality and health | publisher = University of Helsinki | type = Print | isbn = 978-952-10-4846-3 }}</ref> ১৯০৫ৰ পৰা ১৯১৫ চনলৈ জাৰ্মান ৰসায়নবিদ [[Richard Willstätter|ৰিচাৰ্ড উইলষ্টেটাৰ]]ৰ প্ৰাৰম্ভিক কামৰ পিছত, ১৯৪০ চনত [[Hans Fischer|হান্স ফিচাৰ]]ৰ দ্বাৰা পত্ৰহৰিৎ এৰ সাধাৰণ গঠন স্পষ্ট কৰা হৈছিল। ১৯৬০ চনত, যেতিয়া পত্ৰহৰিৎ এৰ অধিকাংশ [[stereochemistry|ষ্টেৰিওকেমিষ্ট্ৰী]] জনা গৈছিল, [[Robert Burns Woodward|ৰবাৰ্ট বাৰ্নছ উডৱাৰ্ড]]ৰ দ্বাৰা এই অণুৰ সম্পূৰ্ণ সংশ্লেষণ প্ৰকাশিত হৈছিল।<ref name="motilva"/><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Woodward RB, Ayer WA, Beaton JM, Bickelhaupt F, Bonnett R, Buchschacher P, Closs G, Dutler H, Hannah J, Hauck F, Itô S, Langemann A, Le Goff E, Leimgruber W, Lwowski W, Sauer J, Valenta Z, Volz H |date=July 1960|title=The total synthesis of chlorophyll|journal=[[Journal of the American Chemical Society]]|volume=82|issue=14|pages=3800–3802|doi=10.1021/ja01499a093|url=http://media.iupac.org/publications/pac/1961/pdf/0203x0383.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110410023814/http://media.iupac.org/publications/pac/1961/pdf/0203x0383.pdf |archive-date=2011-04-10 |url-status=live}}</ref> ১৯৬৭ চনত, [[Ian Fleming (chemist)|ইয়ান ফ্লেমিং]]ৰ দ্বাৰা শেষৰ বাকী থকা ষ্টেৰিওকেমিকেল স্পষ্টীকৰণ সম্পূৰ্ণ হৈছিল,<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Fleming I |author-link=Ian Fleming (chemist) |date=14 October 1967 |title=Absolute Configuration and the Structure of Chlorophyll |journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]] |volume=216 |issue=5111 |pages=151–152 |s2cid=4262313 |doi=10.1038/216151a0 |bibcode = 1967Natur.216..151F }}</ref> আৰু ১৯৯০ চনত উডৱাৰ্ড আৰু সহ-লেখকসকলে এটা আপডেট কৰা সংশ্লেষণ প্ৰকাশ কৰিছিল।<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Woodward RB, Ayer WA, Beaton JM, Bickelhaupt F, Bonnett R, Buchschacher P, Closs GL, Dutler H, Hannah J, Hauck FP, Itǒ S, Langemann A, Le Goff E, Leimgruber W, Lwowski W, Sauer J, Valenta Z, Volz H |year=1990|title=The total synthesis of chlorophyll ''a''|journal=[[Tetrahedron (journal)|Tetrahedron]] |volume=46 |issue=22 |pages=7599–7659 |doi=10.1016/0040-4020(90)80003-Z }}</ref> [[Chlorophyll f|পত্ৰহৰিৎ এফ]]ৰ উপস্থিতি ২০১০ চনত [[cyanobacteria|চায়ানোবেক্টেৰিয়া]] আৰু অন্যান্য অক্সিজেনিক অণুজীৱত, যিয়ে [[stromatolites|ষ্ট্ৰ'মাট'লাইট]] গঠন কৰে, ঘোষণা কৰা হৈছিল; <ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Jabr F | date = August 2010 | url = http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=new-form-chlorophyll | title = A New Form of Chlorophyll? | journal = Scientific American }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn19338-infrared-chlorophyll-could-boost-solar-cells.html | title = Infrared chlorophyll could boost solar cells. | work = New Scientist | date = 19 August 2010 | access-date = 15 April 2012 }}</ref> NMR, অপটিকেল আৰু ভৰ স্পেকট্ৰাৰ ওপৰত ভিত্তি কৰি C₅₅H₇₀O₆N₄Mg ৰ আণৱিক সূত্ৰ আৰু (2-[[formyl]])-পত্ৰহৰিৎ এৰ গঠন নিৰ্ণয় কৰা হৈছিল।<ref name=ChlF>{{cite journal | vauthors = Chen M, Schliep M, Willows RD, Cai ZL, Neilan BA, Scheer H | title = A red-shifted chlorophyll | journal = Science | volume = 329 | issue = 5997 | pages = 1318–9 | date = September 2010 | pmid = 20724585 | doi = 10.1126/science.1191127 | bibcode = 2010Sci...329.1318C | s2cid = 206527174 }}</ref> ==সালোক সংশ্লেষণ== [[File:Chlorophyll ab spectra-en.svg|thumb|right|[[Absorbance]] spectra of free chlorophyll&nbsp; ''a'' ('''<span style="color:#0169c9; ">blue</span>''') and ''b'' ('''<span style="color:red; ">red</span>''') in a solvent. The spectra of chlorophyll molecules are slightly modified ''in vivo'' depending on specific pigment-protein interactions. {{legend|#0169C9|পত্ৰহৰিৎ&nbsp; ''এ''}} {{legend|red|পত্ৰহৰিৎ&nbsp; ''বি''}}]] পত্ৰহৰিৎ [[photosynthesis| সালোক সংশ্লেষণ]]ৰ বাবে অতি গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ, যিয়ে গছ-গছনিক [[light|পোহৰ]]ৰ পৰা শক্তি শোষণ কৰিবলৈ সক্ষম কৰে।<ref>{{cite web | vauthors = Carter JS | year =1996 | title =Photosynthesis | publisher =[[University of Cincinnati]] | url =http://biology.clc.uc.edu/courses/bio104/photosyn.htm | url-status =dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130629204107/http://biology.clc.uc.edu/courses/bio104/photosyn.htm | archive-date =2013-06-29 }}</ref> পত্ৰহৰিতৰ অণুসমূহ [[photosystem|ফটোচিষ্টেম]]ৰ ভিতৰত আৰু চাৰিওফালে সজোৱা হৈ থাকে, যিবোৰ [[chloroplast|ক্ল'ৰ'প্লাষ্ট]]ৰ [[thylakoid|থাইলেকয়ড]] পৰ্দাত সন্নিৱিষ্ট থাকে।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Photosynthesis, Chloroplast {{!}} Learn Science at Scitable |url=https://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/photosynthetic-cells-14025371/ |access-date=2024-10-19 |website=www.nature.com |language=en}}</ref> এই জটিলতাত পত্ৰহৰিতে তিনিটা কাৰ্য্য সম্পাদন কৰে: # পত্ৰহৰিতৰ অধিকাংশ (প্ৰতি ফটোচিষ্টেমত কেইবাশ অণু পৰ্যন্ত)ৰ কাম হৈছে পোহৰ শোষণ কৰা। # এই কেন্দ্ৰসমূহে তাৰ পিছত দ্বিতীয় কাৰ্য্য সম্পাদন কৰে: [[resonance energy transfer|ৰেজনেন্স শক্তি স্থানান্তৰ]]ৰ জৰিয়তে সেই শক্তি ফটোচিষ্টেমৰ [[reaction center|প্ৰতিক্ৰিয়া কেন্দ্ৰ]]ত থকা নিৰ্দিষ্ট পত্ৰহৰিৎ যোৰলৈ স্থানান্তৰ কৰা। # এই নিৰ্দিষ্ট যোৰে পত্ৰহৰিতৰ চূড়ান্ত কাৰ্য্য সম্পাদন কৰে: চাৰ্জ পৃথক্কৰণ, যিয়ে মুক্ত প্ৰ'টন (H{{sup|+}}) আৰু ইলেক্ট্ৰন (e{{sup|−}}) উৎপন্ন কৰে, যিয়ে পৃথকে জৈৱ সংশ্লেষণৰ প্ৰক্ৰিয়াক চালিত কৰে। বৰ্তমানে গৃহীত দুটা ফটোচিষ্টেম ইউনিট হৈছে {{nobr|[[photosystem I|ফটোচিষ্টেম I]]}} আৰু {{nobr|[[photosystem II|ফটোচিষ্টেম II]]}}, যাৰ নিজৰ সুকীয়া প্ৰতিক্ৰিয়া কেন্দ্ৰ আছে, যাক ক্ৰমে [[P700|পি৭০০]] আৰু [[P680|পি৬৮০]] নাম দিয়া হৈছে। এই কেন্দ্ৰসমূহৰ নামকৰণ কৰা হৈছে তেওঁলোকৰ ৰঙা-শিখৰ শোষণ সৰ্বাধিকৰ তৰংগদৈৰ্ঘ্য (নেন'মিটাৰত)ৰ নামেৰে। প্ৰতিটো ফটোচিষ্টেমত থকা পত্ৰহৰিতৰ প্ৰকাৰৰ পৰিচয়, কাৰ্য্য আৰু বৰ্ণালী গুণাগুণ একে আন আৰু তেওঁলোকৰ চাৰিওফালৰ প্ৰ'টিন গঠনৰ দ্বাৰা নিৰ্ধাৰিত হয়। প্ৰতিক্ৰিয়া কেন্দ্ৰৰ পত্ৰহৰিতৰ কাম হৈছে পোহৰৰ শক্তি শোষণ কৰি ফটোচিষ্টেমৰ অন্যান্য অংশলৈ স্থানান্তৰ কৰা। ফটনৰ শোষিত শক্তি এটা ইলেক্ট্ৰনলৈ স্থানান্তৰিত হয়, যাক চাৰ্জ পৃথক্কৰণ প্ৰক্ৰিয়া বোলা হয়। পত্ৰহৰিতৰ পৰা ইলেক্ট্ৰন আঁতৰোৱাটো এটা জাৰণ প্ৰতিক্ৰিয়া। পত্ৰহৰিতে উচ্চ শক্তিৰ ইলেক্ট্ৰন এটা [[electron transport chain|ইলেক্ট্ৰন পৰিবহণ শৃংখল]] নামৰ আণৱিক মধ্যৱৰ্তীৰ শাৰীলৈ দান কৰে। চাৰ্জযুক্ত প্ৰতিক্ৰিয়া কেন্দ্ৰৰ পত্ৰহৰিৎ (P680⁺) তাৰ পিছত পানীৰ পৰা ইলেক্ট্ৰন গ্ৰহণ কৰি ইয়াৰ মূল অৱস্থালৈ হ্ৰাস পায়। P680⁺ হ্ৰাস কৰা ইলেক্ট্ৰন শেষত পানীৰ জাৰণৰ পৰা O₂ আৰু H⁺লৈ আহে। এই প্ৰতিক্ৰিয়াৰ জৰিয়তে সালোক সংশ্লেষণ কৰা জীৱ যেনে গছ-গছনিয়ে O₂ গেছ উৎপন্ন কৰে, যি পৃথিৱীৰ বায়ুমণ্ডলৰ প্ৰায় সকলো O₂ৰ উৎস। ফটোচিষ্টেম I সাধাৰণতে ফটোচিষ্টেম IIৰ সৈতে শৃংখলত কাম কৰে; সেয়েহে ফটোচিষ্টেম Iৰ P700⁺ সাধাৰণতে ফটোচিষ্টেম IIৰ পৰা অহা ইলেক্ট্ৰনৰ দ্বাৰা হ্ৰাস পায়। ইলেক্ট্ৰনৰ প্ৰবাহ প্ৰতিক্ৰিয়া কেন্দ্ৰৰ পত্ৰহৰিতৰ ৰঞ্জকৰ দ্বাৰা উৎপন্ন হয়, যি থাইলেকয়ড পৰ্দাৰ সিপাৰে H⁺ আয়ন পাম্প কৰিবলৈ ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়, এটা [[proton-motive force|প্ৰ'টন-চালিত বল]] স্থাপন কৰে, যি মুখ্যতঃ [[Adenosine triphosphate|এটিপি]] (সঞ্চিত ৰাসায়নিক শক্তি) উৎপন্ন কৰিবলৈ বা NADP⁺ক [[NADPH|এনএডিপিএইচ]]লৈ হ্ৰাস কৰিবলৈ ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়। NADPH হৈছে এটা সৰ্বজনীন [[redox|ৰিডক্স]] এজেণ্ট, যি CO₂ক চেনিলৈ হ্ৰাস কৰিবলৈ আৰু অন্যান্য জৈৱ সংশ্লেষণ প্ৰতিক্ৰিয়াত ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়। প্ৰতিক্ৰিয়া কেন্দ্ৰৰ পত্ৰহৰিৎ-প্ৰ'টিন জটিলতাসমূহে অন্য পত্ৰহৰিৎ ৰঞ্জকৰ সহায় অবিহনে পোহৰ শোষণ কৰি চাৰ্জ পৃথক্কৰণ ঘটনা সম্পাদন কৰিব পাৰে, কিন্তু নিৰ্দিষ্ট পোহৰৰ তীব্ৰতাত এনে হোৱাৰ সম্ভাৱনা কম। সেয়েহে, ফটোচিষ্টেম আৰু এণ্টেনা ৰঞ্জক প্ৰ'টিনত থকা অন্য পত্ৰহৰিৎসমূহে সহযোগিতাৰে পোহৰৰ শক্তি শোষণ কৰি প্ৰতিক্ৰিয়া কেন্দ্ৰলৈ প্ৰবাহিত কৰে। পত্ৰহৰিৎ এৰ উপৰিও, [[accessory pigment|আনুষঙ্গিক ৰঞ্জক]] নামৰ অন্য ৰঞ্জক থাকে, যি এই ৰঞ্জক-প্ৰ'টিন এণ্টেনা জটিলতাত পোৱা যায়। ==ৰাসায়নিক গঠন== [[Image:Chlorophyll-a-3D-vdW.png|thumb|পত্ৰহৰিৎ এৰ স্থান-পূৰ্ণ মডেল]] কেইবাটাও পত্ৰহৰিৎ জনা যায়। সকলোকে চাৰিটা পাইৰ'লৰ দৰে আঙুঠিৰ বাহিৰত পঞ্চম, কিট'ন-যুক্ত আঙুঠিৰ উপস্থিতিৰ দ্বাৰা [[chlorin|ক্ল'ৰিন]]ৰ পেৰেণ্ট ডেৰিভেটিভ হিচাপে সংজ্ঞায়িত কৰা হয়। অধিকাংশ পত্ৰহৰিৎ [[chlorin|ক্ল'ৰিন]] হিচাপে শ্ৰেণীভুক্ত, যি [[porphyrins|পৰ্ফাইৰিন]] (হিম'গ্ল'বিনত পোৱা)ৰ হ্ৰাসিত আত্মীয়। ইহঁত [[uroporphyrinogen III|ইউৰ'পৰ্ফাইৰিন'জেন III]] নামৰ পূৰ্বসূৰীৰ সৈতে এটা সাধাৰণ জৈৱ সংশ্লেষণ পথ ভাগ কৰে। হিমৰ বিপৰীতে, যি N4 কেন্দ্ৰত লোহাৰ সৈতে বান্ধ খাই থাকে, অধিকাংশ পত্ৰহৰিৎ [[magnesium|মেগনেছিয়াম]]ৰ সৈতে বান্ধ খাই থাকে। Mg²⁺ কেন্দ্ৰৰ সৈতে সংযুক্ত অক্ষীয় [[ligand|লিগেণ্ড]]সমূহ প্ৰায়ে স্পষ্টতাৰ বাবে বাদ দিয়া হয়। ক্ল'ৰিন আঙুঠিৰ সৈতে বিভিন্ন পাৰ্শ্ব শৃংখল সংযুক্ত থাকে, সাধাৰণতে এটা দীঘল [[phytyl|ফাইটিল]] শৃংখল ({{chem2|C20H39O}})। ভূমিজ গছত সৰ্বাধিক বিস্তৃত ৰূপ হৈছে পত্ৰহৰিৎ এ। পত্ৰহৰিৎ এৰ স্থানত [[methyl|মিথাইল]] গোট থাকে, যিটো পত্ৰহৰিৎ বিৰ [[formyl|ফৰ্মাইল]] গোটৰ স্থানত থাকে। এই পাৰ্থক্যই শোষণ বৰ্ণালীক প্ৰভাৱিত কৰে, যাৰ ফলত গছ-গছনিয়ে দৃশ্যমান পোহৰৰ অধিক অংশ শোষণ কৰিব পাৰে। পত্ৰহৰিতৰ গঠনসমূহ তলত সাৰাংশিত কৰা হৈছে:<ref>{{cite book |doi=10.1007/1-4020-4516-6_1 |chapter=An Overview of Chlorophylls and Bacteriochlorophylls: Biochemistry, Biophysics, Functions and Applications |title=Chlorophylls and Bacteriochlorophylls |series=Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration |year=2006 | vauthors = Scheer H |volume=25 |pages=1–26 |isbn=978-1-4020-4515-8 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Taniguchi M, Lindsey JS | title = Synthetic Chlorins, Possible Surrogates for Chlorophylls, Prepared by Derivatization of Porphyrins | journal = Chemical Reviews | volume = 117 | issue = 2 | pages = 344–535 | date = January 2017 | pmid = 27498781 | doi = 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00696 | osti = 1534468 }}</ref>{{clear}} {| class="wikitable" | ! [[Chlorophyll a|পত্ৰহৰিৎ এ]] ! [[Chlorophyll b|পত্ৰহৰিৎ বি]] ! [[Chlorophyll c1|পত্ৰহৰিৎ চি১]] ! [[Chlorophyll c2|পত্ৰহৰিৎ চি২]] ! [[Chlorophyll d|পত্ৰহৰিৎ ডি]] ! [[Chlorophyll f|পত্ৰহৰিৎ এফ]]<ref name=ChlF /> |- ! [[Molecular formula|আণৱিক সূত্ৰ]] | C₅₅H₇₂O₅N₄Mg | C₅₅H₇₀O₆N₄Mg | C₃₅H₃₀O₅N₄Mg | C₃₅H₂₈O₅N₄Mg | C₅₄H₇₀O₆N₄Mg | C₅₅H₇₀O₆N₄Mg |- ! C2 গোট | [[methyl group|−CH₃]] | −CH₃ | −CH₃ | −CH₃ | −CH₃ | −CHO |- ! C3 গোট | [[Vinyl group|−CH=CH₂]] | −CH=CH₂ | −CH=CH₂ | −CH=CH₂ | [[formyl|−CHO]] | −CH=CH₂ |- ! C7 গোট | −CH₃ | −CHO | −CH₃ | −CH₃ | −CH₃ | −CH₃ |- ! C8 গোট | [[ethyl group|−CH₂CH₃]] | −CH₂CH₃ | −CH₂CH₃ | −CH=CH₂ | −CH₂CH₃ | −CH₂CH₃ |- ! C17 গোট | −CH₂CH₂COO−Phytyl | −CH₂CH₂COO−Phytyl | [[acrylate|−CH=CHCOOH]] | −CH=CHCOOH | −CH₂CH₂COO−Phytyl | −CH₂CH₂COO−Phytyl |- ! C17−C18 বান্ধনি | একক<br />(ক্ল'ৰিন) | একক<br />(ক্ল'ৰিন) | দ্বৈত<br />(পৰ্ফাইৰিন) | দ্বৈত<br />(পৰ্ফাইৰিন) | একক<br />(ক্ল'ৰিন) | একক<br />(ক্ল'ৰিন) |- ! উপস্থিতি | সৰ্বজনীন | প্ৰধানকৈ গছ | বিভিন্ন শেলাই | বিভিন্ন শেলাই | চায়ানোবেক্টেৰিয়া | চায়ানোবেক্টেৰিয়া |} <div class="skin-invert-image><gallery caption="পত্ৰহৰিতৰ গঠন"> chlorophyll a.svg|পত্ৰহৰিৎ এ chlorophyll b.svg|পত্ৰহৰিৎ বি chlorophyll c1.svg|পত্ৰহৰিৎ চি১ chlorophyll c2.svg|পত্ৰহৰিৎ চি২ Chlorophyll d.svg|পত্ৰহৰিৎ ডি Chlorophyll f_vert.svg|পত্ৰহৰিৎ এফ </gallery></div> পত্ৰহৰিৎ ই হৈছে এটা ৰঞ্জক, যি ১৯৬৬ চনত শেলাইৰ পৰা নিষ্কাশিত হৈছিল কিন্তু ৰাসায়নিকভাৱে বৰ্ণনা কৰা হোৱা নাই। আখৰযুক্ত পত্ৰহৰিতৰ উপৰিও, প্ৰকৃতিত পত্ৰহৰিৎ গঠনৰ বিভিন্ন পাৰ্শ্ব শৃংখলৰ পৰিৱৰ্তন জনা যায়। উদাহৰণস্বৰূপে, [[Prochlorococcus|প্ৰ'ক্ল'ৰ'ককাছ]], এটা চায়ানোবেক্টেৰিয়া, ৮-ভিনাইল পত্ৰহৰিৎ এ আৰু বি ব্যৱহাৰ কৰে।<ref name="Chen19">{{cite journal | vauthors = Chen M |title=Chlorophylls d and f: Synthesis, occurrence, light-harvesting, and pigment organization in chlorophyll-binding protein complexes |journal=Advances in Botanical Research |date=2019 |volume=90 |pages=121–139 |doi=10.1016/bs.abr.2019.03.006|isbn=9780081027523 |s2cid=149632511 }}</ref> ==পত্ৰহৰিতৰ পৰিমাণৰ জোখ-মাখ== [[File:Chlorophyll Extraktion.jpg|thumb|পত্ৰহৰিতে জৈৱ দ্ৰাৱকত গাঢ় সেউজীয়া দ্ৰৱণ গঠন কৰে। ]] পত্ৰহৰিৎসমূহ প্ৰ'টিনৰ পৰা জৈৱ দ্ৰাৱকলৈ নিষ্কাশিত কৰিব পাৰি।<ref name=Marker1972>{{Cite journal | vauthors = Marker AF | year = 1972 | title = The use of acetone and methanol in the estimation of chlorophyll in the presence of phaeophytin in plant | journal = Freshwater Biology | volume = 2 | pages = 361–385 | doi = 10.1111/j.1365-2427.1972.tb00377.x | issue = 4 }}</ref><ref name=Jeffrey1969>{{Cite journal | vauthors = Jeffrey SW, Shibata | date = February 1969 | title = Some Spectral Characteristics of Chlorophyll c from Tridacna crocea Zooxanthellae | journal = [[Biological Bulletin]] | volume = 136 | issue = 1 | pages = 54–62 | doi = 10.2307/1539668 | jstor = 1539668 | url = https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/25503 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |vauthors=Gilpin L |date=21 March 2001 |title=Methods for analysis of benthic photosynthetic pigment |publisher=School of Life Sciences, [[Napier University]] |url=http://www.lifesciences.napier.ac.uk/teaching/MB/benchl01.html |access-date=2010-07-17 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080414215124/http://www.lifesciences.napier.ac.uk/teaching/MB/benchl01.html |archive-date=April 14, 2008 |archivedate=2008-04-14 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080414215124/http://www.lifesciences.napier.ac.uk/teaching/MB/benchl01.html |deadurl=yes }}</ref> এইদৰে, পাতত পত্ৰহৰিতৰ ঘনত্বৰ আনুমানিক জোখ কৰিব পাৰি।<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Cate TM, Perkins TD | title = Chlorophyll content monitoring in sugar maple (Acer saccharum) | journal = Tree Physiology | volume = 23 | issue = 15 | pages = 1077–9 | date = October 2003 | pmid = 12975132 | doi = 10.1093/treephys/23.15.1077 | doi-access = free }}</ref> [[chlorophyll a|পত্ৰহৰিৎ এ]] আৰু [[chlorophyll b|পত্ৰহৰিৎ বি]] পৃথক কৰাৰ পদ্ধতিও আছে। [[diethyl ether|ডাইইথাইল ইথাৰ]]ত, পত্ৰহৰিৎ এৰ আনুমানিক শোষণ সৰ্বাধিক ৪৩০ নেন'মিটাৰ আৰু ৬৬২ নেন'মিটাৰত, আৰু পত্ৰহৰিৎ বিৰ আনুমানিক সৰ্বাধিক ৪৫৩ নেন'মিটাৰ আৰু ৬৪২ নেন'মিটাৰত।<ref>{{cite book | vauthors = Gross J | year = 1991 | title = Pigments in vegetables: chlorophylls and carotenoids | publisher = Van Nostrand Reinhold | isbn = 978-0442006570 }}</ref> পত্ৰহৰিৎ এৰ শোষণ শিখৰ ৪৬৫ নেন'মিটাৰ আৰু ৬৬৫ নেন'মিটাৰত। পত্ৰহৰিৎ এ [[fluorescence|ফ্ল'ৰেছেন্স]] ৬৭৩ নেন'মিটাৰ (সৰ্বাধিক) আৰু ৭২৬ নেন'মিটাৰত। পত্ৰহৰিৎ এৰ শিখৰ [[Molar absorptivity|ম'লাৰ শোষণ গুণাঙ্ক]] ১০^৫&nbsp; M^−১&nbsp; cm^−১ৰ ওপৰত, যি সৰু-অণু জৈৱ যৌগৰ বাবে সৰ্বোচ্চৰ ভিতৰত।<ref>{{Cite journal | vauthors = Porra RJ, Thompson WA, Kriedemann PE |year=1989|title=Determination of accurate extinction coefficients and simultaneous equations for assaying chlorophylls a and b extracted with four different solvents: verification of the concentration of chlorophyll standards by atomic absorption spectroscopy|journal= Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Bioenergetics|volume= 975|issue=3|pages=384–394 |doi=10.1016/S0005-2728(89)80347-0}}</ref> ৯০% এচিটন-পানীত, পত্ৰহৰিৎ এৰ শোষণ তৰংগদৈৰ্ঘ্যৰ শিখৰ ৪৩০ নেন'মিটাৰ আৰু ৬৬৪ নেন'মিটাৰ; পত্ৰহৰিৎ বিৰ শিখৰ ৪৬০ নেন'মিটাৰ আৰু ৬৪৭ নেন'মিটাৰ; পত্ৰহৰিৎ চি১ৰ শিখৰ ৪৪২ নেন'মিটাৰ আৰু ৬৩০ নেন'মিটাৰ; পত্ৰহৰিৎ চি২ৰ শিখৰ ৪৪৪ নেন'মিটাৰ আৰু ৬৩০ নেন'মিটাৰ; পত্ৰহৰিৎ ডিৰ শিখৰ ৪০১ নেন'মিটাৰ, ৪৫৫ নেন'মিটাৰ আৰু ৬৯৬ নেন'মিটাৰ।<ref>{{cite book | veditors = Larkum AW, Douglas S, Raven JA | title = Photosynthesis in algae|year=2003|publisher=Kluwer|location=London|isbn=978-0-7923-6333-0}}</ref> ৰেচিঅ' ফ্ল'ৰেছেন্স নিৰ্গমনৰ দ্বাৰা পত্ৰহৰিতৰ পৰিমাণ জোখা যায়। পত্ৰহৰিৎ এৰ ফ্ল'ৰেছেন্স নিম্ন তৰংগদৈৰ্ঘ্যত উত্তেজিত কৰি, {{val|705|10|u=nm}} আৰু {{val|735|10|u=nm}}ত ফ্ল'ৰেছেন্স নিৰ্গমনৰ অনুপাতে ৰাসায়নিক পৰীক্ষাৰ সৈতে তুলনা কৰিলে পত্ৰহৰিতৰ পৰিমাণৰ ৰৈখিক সম্পৰ্ক প্ৰদান কৰে। ''F''₇₃₅/''F''₇₀₀ অনুপাতে ৰাসায়নিক পৰীক্ষাৰ সৈতে ০.৯৬ৰ [[correlation coefficient|সহসম্বন্ধ গুণাঙ্ক]] প্ৰদান কৰে, ৪১ mg m^−২ৰ পৰা ৬৭৫ mg m^−২লৈ। গিটেলছনে পত্ৰহৰিতৰ পৰিমাণৰ প্ৰত্যক্ষ পঢ়াৰ বাবে এটা সূত্ৰও উদ্ভাৱন কৰিছিল mg m^−২ত। এই সূত্ৰই ৪১ mg m^−২ৰ পৰা ৬৭৫ mg m^−২ৰ ভিতৰত ০.৯৫ৰ সহসম্বন্ধ ''r''^২ মানৰ সৈতে পত্ৰহৰিতৰ পৰিমাণ জোখাৰ নিৰ্ভৰযোগ্য পদ্ধতি প্ৰদান কৰে।<ref>{{cite journal| vauthors = Gitelson AA, Buschmann C, Lichtenthaler HK |date=1999 |title=The Chlorophyll Fluorescence Ratio ''F''₇₃₅/''F''₇₀₀ as an Accurate Measure of Chlorophyll Content in Plants |journal=Remote Sens. Environ. |volume=69 |issue=3 |pages=296–302|doi=10.1016/S0034-4257(99)00023-1 |bibcode=1999RSEnv..69..296G }}</ref> পত্ৰহৰিতৰ ঘনত্ব গছৰ পাতৰ মাজেৰে পোহৰৰ সংক্ৰমণ জোখাৰ দ্বাৰাও আনুমানিক কৰিব পাৰি।<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Najm AA, Kashani A, Paknejad F, Ardakani MR, Hadi MR|title=Using by rapid field test methods to assess the Potato canopy nitrogen status in the presence of organic and inorganic nitrogen fertilizer|journal=International Journal of Advanced Life Sciences|volume=8|issue=3|pages=328–339|year=2015|issn=2320-1827|url=https://unitedlifejournals.in/ms_files/ijals/14._Using_rapid_filed_test_methods_to_assess_the_potato_canopy.pdf}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> [[Dualex|ডুৱেলেক্স]] আৰু SPADৰ দৰে অপটিকেল চেন্সৰৰ দ্বাৰা পাতৰ পত্ৰহৰিতৰ পৰিমাণৰ মূল্যায়ন গৱেষকসকলক বাস্তৱ সময়ত আৰু অ-ধ্বংসাত্মক জোখ-মাখ কৰিবলৈ সক্ষম কৰে।<ref>{{Cite web |vauthors=Cerovic ZG |title=New proximal sensors of vegetation: towards a non destructive quantitative estimation of plant constituents |url=http://www.ese.u-psud.fr/IMG/pdf/CerovicEbernburg2012.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140822115631/http://www.ese.u-psud.fr/IMG/pdf/CerovicEbernburg2012.pdf |archive-date=2014-08-22 |date=October 2012 |place=Ebernburg |access-date=2024-07-12 |archivedate=2014-08-22 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140822115631/http://www.ese.u-psud.fr/IMG/pdf/CerovicEbernburg2012.pdf |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Huan YU, Hua-Song WU, Zhi-Jie WA |title= Evaluation of SPAD and Dualex for In-Season Corn Nitrogen Status Estimation |journal= Acta Agronomica Sinic |volume=36 |issue=5|pages=840–847|year=2010| ISSN= 1875-2780|doi=10.1016/S1875-2780(09)60051-1}}</ref> গৱেষণাই দেখুৱাইছে যে এই পদ্ধতিসমূহৰ লেবৰেটৰীত পত্ৰহৰিতৰ জোখ-মাখৰ সৈতে ইতিবাচক সহসম্বন্ধ আছে।<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Vos J, Bom H |title= Hand-held chlorophyll meter: a promising tool to assess the nitrogen status of potato foliage |journal= Potato Res |volume=36|issue= |pages=301–308 |year=1993|doi=10.1007/BF02361796}}</ref> ==জৈৱ সংশ্লেষণ== {{Main|Chlorophyllide}} কিছুমান গছত, পত্ৰহৰিৎ [[glutamate|গ্লুটামেট]]ৰ পৰা উদ্ভৱ হয় আৰু [[heme|হিম]] আৰু [[siroheme|চিৰ'হিম]]ৰ সৈতে ভাগ কৰা এটা শাখাযুক্ত [[biosynthetic pathway|জৈৱ সংশ্লেষণ পথ]]ৰ জৰিয়তে সংশ্লেষিত হয়।<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Battersby AR | title = Tetrapyrroles: the pigments of life | journal = Natural Product Reports | volume = 17 | issue = 6 | pages = 507–26 | date = December 2000 | pmid = 11152419 | doi = 10.1039/B002635M }}</ref><ref name="akhtar94">{{cite book |doi=10.1002/9780470514535.ch8|chapter=The Modification of Acetate and Propionate Side Chains During the Biosynthesis of Haem and Chlorophylls: Mechanistic and Stereochemical Studies|title=Ciba Foundation Symposium 180 - the Biosynthesis of the Tetrapyrrole Pigments|series=Novartis Foundation Symposia|year=2007| vauthors = Akhtar M |volume=180|pages=131–155|pmid=7842850|isbn=9780470514535}}</ref><ref name="Review" >{{cite journal | vauthors = Willows RD | title = Biosynthesis of chlorophylls from protoporphyrin IX | journal = Natural Product Reports | volume = 20 | issue = 3 | pages = 327–41 | date = June 2003 | pmid = 12828371 | doi = 10.1039/B110549N }}</ref> [[Chlorophyll synthase|পত্ৰহৰিৎ চিন্থেছ]]<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Schmid HC, Rassadina V, Oster U, Schoch S, Rüdiger W | title = Pre-loading of chlorophyll synthase with tetraprenyl diphosphate is an obligatory step in chlorophyll biosynthesis | journal = Biological Chemistry | volume = 383 | issue = 11 | pages = 1769–78 | date = November 2002 | pmid = 12530542 | doi = 10.1515/BC.2002.198 | url = https://epub.ub.uni-muenchen.de/17847/1/bc.2002.198.pdf | s2cid = 3099209 }}</ref> হৈছে এটা এনজাইম যিয়ে পত্ৰহৰিৎ এৰ জৈৱ সংশ্লেষণ সম্পূৰ্ণ কৰে:<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Eckhardt U, Grimm B, Hörtensteiner S | title = Recent advances in chlorophyll biosynthesis and breakdown in higher plants | journal = Plant Molecular Biology | volume = 56 | issue = 1 | pages = 1–14 | date = September 2004 | pmid = 15604725 | doi = 10.1007/s11103-004-2331-3 | s2cid = 21174896 | url = https://boris.unibe.ch/102079/ | url-access = subscription }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Bollivar DW | title = Recent advances in chlorophyll biosynthesis | journal = Photosynthesis Research | volume = 90 | issue = 2 | pages = 173–94 | date = November 2006 | pmid = 17370354 | doi = 10.1007/s11120-006-9076-6 | s2cid = 23808539 }}</ref> :পত্ৰহৰিৎাইড এ + ফাইটিল ডাইফছফেট <math>\rightleftharpoons</math> পত্ৰহৰিৎ এ + ডাইফছফেট এই পৰিৱৰ্তনে [[chlorophyllide|পত্ৰহৰিৎাইড এ]]ৰ কাৰ্বক্সিলিক এচিড গোটৰ এটা এষ্টাৰ গঠন কৰে ২০-কাৰ্বন [[diterpene|ডাইটাৰ্পিন]] এলকহল [[phytol|ফাইটল]]ৰ সৈতে। পত্ৰহৰিৎ বি একে এনজাইমৰ দ্বাৰা [[chlorophyllide|পত্ৰহৰিৎাইড বি]]ৰ ওপৰত কাম কৰি তৈয়াৰ হয়। পত্ৰহৰিৎ ডি আৰু এফৰ বাবেও একে কথা জনা যায়, দুয়োটা সংশ্লিষ্ট পত্ৰহৰিৎাইডৰ পৰা তৈয়াৰ হয়, যি শেষত পত্ৰহৰিৎাইড এৰ পৰা তৈয়াৰ হয়।<ref name="Tsuzuki">{{cite journal | vauthors = Tsuzuki Y, Tsukatani Y, Yamakawa H, Itoh S, Fujita Y, Yamamoto H | title = Effects of Light and Oxygen on Chlorophyll ''d'' Biosynthesis in a Marine Cyanobacterium ''Acaryochloris''&nbsp; ''marina'' | journal = Plants | volume = 11 | issue = 7 | pages = 915 | date = March 2022 | pmid = 35406896 | doi = 10.3390/plants11070915 | pmc = 9003380 | doi-access = free }}</ref> [[Angiosperm|এঞ্জিঅ'স্পাৰ্ম]] গছত, জৈৱ সংশ্লেষণ পথৰ পিছৰ পদক্ষেপসমূহ পোহৰৰ ওপৰত নিৰ্ভৰশীল। এনে গছ অন্ধকাৰত গজিলে [[etiolation|ইটিঅ'লেটেড]] অৰ্থাৎ পাণ্ডুৰ হয়। [[Non-vascular plant|অ-ভাস্কুলাৰ গছ]] আৰু সেউজীয়া শেলাইৰ এটা অতিৰিক্ত পোহৰ-স্বাধীন [[enzyme|এনজাইম]] থাকে আৰু অন্ধকাৰতো সেউজীয়া হৈ গজে।<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Muraki N, Nomata J, Ebata K, Mizoguchi T, Shiba T, Tamiaki H, Kurisu G, Fujita Y | title = X-ray crystal structure of the light-independent protochlorophyllide reductase | journal = Nature | volume = 465 | issue = 7294 | pages = 110–4 | date = May 2010 | pmid = 20400946 | doi = 10.1038/nature08950 | bibcode = 2010Natur.465..110M | s2cid = 4427639 }}</ref> পত্ৰহৰিৎ [[proteins|প্ৰ'টিন]]ৰ সৈতে বান্ধ খাই থাকে। [[Protochlorophyllide|প্ৰ'ট'পত্ৰহৰিৎাইড]], জৈৱ সংশ্লেষণৰ এটা মধ্যৱৰ্তী পদাৰ্থ, পোহৰ-নিৰ্ভৰশীল আৰু পোহৰ-স্বাধীন দুয়োটা প্ৰক্ৰিয়াৰ জৰিয়তে পত্ৰহৰিৎাইডলৈ হ্ৰাস পায়। [[Angiosperm|এঞ্জিঅ'স্পাৰ্ম]] গছত, এই পৰিৱৰ্তন পোহৰৰ ওপৰত নিৰ্ভৰশীল, যাৰ ফলত অন্ধকাৰত গজিলে গছ [[etiolation|ইটিঅ'লেটেড]] অৰ্থাৎ পাণ্ডুৰ হয়।<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Muraki N, Nomata J, Ebata K, Mizoguchi T, Shiba T, Tamiaki H, Kurisu G, Fujita Y | title = X-ray crystal structure of the light-independent protochlorophyllide reductase | journal = Nature | volume = 465 | issue = 7294 | pages = 110–4 | date = May 2010 | pmid = 20400946 | doi = 10.1038/nature08950 | bibcode = 2010Natur.465..110M | s2cid = 4427639 }}</ref> [[Non-vascular plant|অ-ভাস্কুলাৰ গছ]] আৰু সেউজীয়া শেলাইৰ এটা অতিৰিক্ত পোহৰ-স্বাধীন [[enzyme|এনজাইম]] থাকে, যাৰ ফলত ইহঁত অন্ধকাৰতো সেউজীয়া হৈ গজে। পত্ৰহৰিতৰ জৈৱ সংশ্লেষণৰ পথ [[5-aminolevulinic acid|৫-এমিন'লেভুলিনিক এচিড]] (ALA)ৰ পৰা আৰম্ভ হয়, যি গ্লুটামেটৰ পৰা সংশ্লেষিত হয়।<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Beale SI | title = Biosynthesis of chlorophylls and bacteriochlorophylls | journal = Chemical Reviews | volume = 109 | issue = 4 | pages = 1651–74 | date = April 2009 | pmid = 19296594 | doi = 10.1021/cr800511m }}</ref> এই পথত কেইবাটাও পদক্ষেপ জড়িত, য’ত পৰ্ফাইৰিন গঠনৰ মধ্যৱৰ্তী পদাৰ্থ যেনে [[uroporphyrinogen III|ইউৰ'পৰ্ফাইৰিন'জেন III]] আৰু [[protoporphyrin IX|প্ৰ'ট'পৰ্ফাইৰিন IX]] সৃষ্টি হয়।<ref name="Review"/> প্ৰ'ট'পৰ্ফাইৰিন IXত [[magnesium|মেগনেছিয়াম]]ৰ সন্নিবেশৰ জৰিয়তে পত্ৰহৰিতৰ গঠনৰ দিশত পথ আগবাঢ়ে, যি [[magnesium chelatase|মেগনেছিয়াম কেলাটেছ]] এনজাইমৰ দ্বাৰা অনুঘটিত হয়।<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Reid JD, Hunter CN | title = Magnesium chelatase: Structure, function and regulation in chlorophyll biosynthesis | journal = Biochemical Society Transactions | volume = 30 | issue = 4 | pages = 643–8 | date = August 2002 | pmid = 12196156 | doi = 10.1042/bst0300643 }}</ref> তাৰ পিছত, [[protochlorophyllide|প্ৰ'ট'পত্ৰহৰিৎাইড]]লৈ ৰূপান্তৰৰ আগতে কেইবাটাও হ্ৰাস আৰু পৰিৱৰ্তন ঘটে। শেষত, [[chlorophyll synthase|পত্ৰহৰিৎ চিন্থেছ]] এনজাইমে [[phytol|ফাইটিল]] শৃংখল সংযোজন কৰি পত্ৰহৰিৎ এ বা বি গঠন কৰে।<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Schmid HC, Rassadina V, Oster U, Schoch S, Rüdiger W | title = Pre-loading of chlorophyll synthase with tetraprenyl diphosphate is an obligatory step in chlorophyll biosynthesis | journal = Biological Chemistry | volume = 383 | issue = 11 | pages = 1769–78 | date = November 2002 | pmid = 12530542 | doi = 10.1515/BC.2002.198 | url = https://epub.ub.uni-muenchen.de/17847/1/bc.2002.198.pdf | s2cid = 3099209 }}</ref> ==পত্ৰহৰিতৰ বিতৰণ== পত্ৰহৰিৎ প্ৰধানকৈ [[chloroplast|ক্ল'ৰ'প্লাষ্ট]]ৰ ভিতৰত, [[thylakoid|থাইলেকয়ড]] পৰ্দাত পোৱা যায়, য’ত ই সালোক সংশ্লেষণৰ পোহৰ-নিৰ্ভৰশীল প্ৰতিক্ৰিয়াৰ বাবে সজোৱা থাকে।<ref>{{cite web |title=Photosynthesis, Chloroplast | Learn Science at Scitable |url=https://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/photosynthetic-cells-14025371/ |access-date=2024-10-19 |website=www.nature.com |language=en}}</ref> পত্ৰহৰিৎ এ আৰু বি প্ৰধানকৈ ভূমিজ গছ আৰু সেউজীয়া শেলাইত পোৱা যায়, আনহাতে পত্ৰহৰিৎ চি১ আৰু চি২ বিভিন্ন শেলাই যেনে [[diatom|ডায়াটম]], [[dinoflagellate|ডাইন'ফ্লেজেলেট]], আৰু [[brown algae|ব্ৰাউন শেলাই]]ত পোৱা যায়।<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Jeffrey SW, Shibata | date = February 1969 | title = Some Spectral Characteristics of Chlorophyll c from Tridacna crocea Zooxanthellae | journal = Biological Bulletin | volume = 136 | issue = 1 | pages = 54–62 | doi = 10.2307/1539668 | jstor = 1539668 | url = https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/25503 }}</ref> পত্ৰহৰিৎ ডি আৰু এফ [[cyanobacteria|চায়ানোবেক্টেৰিয়া]]ত পোৱা যায়, বিশেষকৈ যিবোৰে [[stromatolites|ষ্ট্ৰ'মাট'লাইট]] গঠন কৰে।<ref name=ChlF/> পত্ৰহৰিৎ এফৰ আৱিষ্কাৰে ইংগিত দিয়ে যে কিছুমান জীৱই সাধাৰণতকৈ বহুত বেছি তৰংগদৈৰ্ঘ্যৰ পোহৰ (যেনে নিকট-ইনফ্ৰাৰেড) শোষণ কৰিব পাৰে।<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn19338-infrared-chlorophyll-could-boost-solar-cells.html | title = Infrared chlorophyll could boost solar cells. | work = New Scientist | date = 19 August 2010 | access-date = 15 April 2012 }}</ref> পত্ৰহৰিতৰ বিতৰণ গছৰ পাতৰ মধ্যে অভিন্ন নহয়। পাতৰ ওপৰৰ তৰপত, য’ত পোহৰৰ তীব্ৰতা বেছি, পত্ৰহৰিতৰ ঘনত্ব বেছি হয়, আৰু তলৰ তৰপত, য’ত পোহৰ কম, ঘনত্ব কম হয়।<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Vogelmann TC, Martin G | title = The functional significance of palisade tissue: penetration of directional light | journal = Plant, Cell & Environment | volume = 16 | issue = 1 | pages = 65–72 | date = January 1993 | doi = 10.1111/j.1365-3040.1993.tb00852.x }}</ref> এই বিতৰণে পোহৰ শোষণৰ দক্ষতা বৃদ্ধি কৰে। ==বৰ্ণালী গুণ== পত্ৰহৰিতৰ বৰ্ণালী গুণাগুণ ইয়াৰ সালোক সংশ্লেষণৰ ভূমিকাৰ বাবে গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ। পত্ৰহৰিৎ এ আৰু বিৰ শোষণ শিখৰ দৃশ্যমান পোহৰৰ নীলা আৰু ৰঙা অঞ্চলত থাকে, সেউজীয়া অঞ্চলত কম শোষণৰ সৈতে।<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Muneer S, Kim EJ, Park JS, Lee JH | title = Influence of green, red and blue light emitting diodes on multiprotein complex proteins and photosynthetic activity under varying light intensities in lettuce leaves (Lactuca sativa L.) | journal = International Journal of Molecular Sciences | volume = 15 | issue = 3 | pages = 4657–70 | date = March 2014 | pmid = 24642884 | pmc = 3975419 | doi = 10.3390/ijms15034657 | doi-access = free }}</ref> পত্ৰহৰিৎ এৰ শোষণ শিখৰ [[diethyl ether|ডাইইথাইল ইথাৰ]]ত ৪৩০ নেন'মিটাৰ আৰু ৬৬২ নেন'মিটাৰত, আৰু পত্ৰহৰিৎ বিৰ শিখৰ ৪৫৩ নেন'মিটাৰ আৰু ৬৪২ নেন'মিটাৰত।<ref>{{cite book | vauthors = Gross J | year = 1991 | title = Pigments in vegetables: chlorophylls and carotenoids | publisher = Van Nostrand Reinhold | isbn = 978-0442006570 }}</ref> ৯০% এচিটন-পানীত, পত্ৰহৰিৎ এৰ শিখৰ ৪৩০ নেন'মিটাৰ আৰু ৬৬৪ নেন'মিটাৰত, পত্ৰহৰিৎ বিৰ শিখৰ ৪৬০ নেন'মিটাৰ আৰু ৬৪৭ নেন'মিটাৰত, পত্ৰহৰিৎ চি১ৰ শিখৰ ৪৪২ নেন'মিটাৰ আৰু ৬৩০ নেন'মিটাৰত, পত্ৰহৰিৎ চি২ৰ শিখৰ ৪৪৪ নেন'মিটাৰ আৰু ৬৩০ নেন'মিটাৰত, আৰু পত্ৰহৰিৎ ডিৰ শিখৰ ৪০১ নেন'মিটাৰ, ৪৫৫ নেন'মিটাৰ আৰু ৬৯৬ নেন'মিটাৰত।<ref>{{cite book | veditors = Larkum AW, Douglas S, Raven JA | title = Photosynthesis in algae | year = 2003 | publisher = Kluwer | location = London | isbn = 978-0-7923-6333-0 }}</ref> পত্ৰহৰিৎ এৰ [[fluorescence|ফ্ল'ৰেছেন্স]] নিৰ্গমন ৬৭৩ নেন'মিটাৰ (সৰ্বাধিক) আৰু ৭২৬ নেন'মিটাৰত ঘটে।<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Porra RJ, Thompson WA, Kriedemann PE | year = 1989 | title = Determination of accurate extinction coefficients and simultaneous equations for assaying chlorophylls a and b extracted with four different solvents: verification of the concentration of chlorophyll standards by atomic absorption spectroscopy | journal = Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Bioenergetics | volume = 975 | issue = 3 | pages = 384–394 | doi = 10.1016/S0005-2728(89)80347-0 }}</ref> ফ্ল'ৰেছেন্সৰ অনুপাত (F₇₃₅/F₇₀₀) পত্ৰহৰিতৰ পৰিমাণৰ সৈতে সহসম্বন্ধিত, যি ৪১ mg m^−২ৰ পৰা ৬৭৫ mg m^−২ৰ ভিতৰত ০.৯৬ৰ [[correlation coefficient|সহসম্বন্ধ গুণাঙ্ক]] প্ৰদান কৰে।<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Gitelson AA, Buschmann C, Lichtenthaler HK | date = 1999 | title = The Chlorophyll Fluorescence Ratio ''F''₇₃₅/''F''₇₀₀ as an Accurate Measure of Chlorophyll Content in Plants | journal = Remote Sens. Environ. | volume = 69 | issue = 3 | pages = 296–302 | doi = 10.1016/S0034-4257(99)00023-1 | bibcode = 1999RSEnv..69..296G }}</ref> এই বৰ্ণালী গুণাগুণে গৱেষকসকলক পত্ৰহৰিতৰ ঘনত্ব নিৰ্ধাৰণৰ বাবে অ-ধ্বংসাত্মক পদ্ধতি ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিবলৈ সক্ষম কৰে। ==ৰন্ধন ব্যৱহাৰ== পত্ৰহৰিৎ প্ৰাকৃতিক সেউজীয়া [[food coloring|খাদ্য ৰং]] হিচাপে ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়। ইয়াক [[spinach|পালেং]], [[nettle|বিছা]], আৰু [[grass|ঘাঁহ]]ৰ দৰে উৎসৰ পৰা নিষ্কাশিত কৰা হয়।<ref>{{cite book | vauthors = Motilva MJ | contribution = Chlorophylls{{Snd}} from functionality in food to health relevance | year = 2008 | title = 5th Pigments in Food congress- for quality and health | publisher = University of Helsinki | type = Print | isbn = 978-952-10-4846-3 }}</ref> পত্ৰহৰিৎিন, পত্ৰহৰিতৰ এটা পানী-দ্ৰৱণীয় ডেৰিভেটিভ, খাদ্যৰ বাবে বহুলভাৱে ব্যৱহৃত হয় কাৰণ ই অধিক স্থিতিশীল।<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Inoue H, Yamashita T, Furusawa H, Furusawa I | title = Food application of chlorophylls | journal = Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture | volume = 67 | issue = 2 | pages = 195–200 | date = February 1995 | doi = 10.1002/jsfa.2740670209 }}</ref> ইয়াক পাষ্টা, চচ, পানীয়, আৰু মিঠাইৰ দৰে খাদ্যত সেউজীয়া ৰং দিবলৈ ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়। ইউৰোপীয় সংঘত, পত্ৰহৰিৎিনক E140 হিচাপে তালিকাভুক্ত কৰা হয়।<ref>{{cite web | title = E140 Chlorophylls and Chlorophyllins | url = https://www.food.gov.uk/business-guidance/approved-additives-and-e-numbers | website = Food Standards Agency | access-date = 2024-07-12 }}</ref> পত্ৰহৰিতৰ ৰন্ধন ব্যৱহাৰে খাদ্যৰ দৃশ্যমান আকৰ্ষণ বৃদ্ধি কৰে আৰু কিছুমান ক্ষেত্ৰত এণ্টিঅক্সিডেণ্ট গুণৰ যোগান ধৰে।<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Ferruzzi MG, Blakeslee J | title = Digestion, absorption, and cancer preventative activity of dietary chlorophyll derivatives | journal = Nutrition Research | volume = 27 | issue = 1 | pages = 1–12 | date = January 2007 | doi = 10.1016/j.nutres.2006.12.003 }}</ref> ==জৈৱিক ব্যৱহাৰ== পত্ৰহৰিতৰ জৈৱিক গুৰুত্ব মুখ্যতঃ ইয়াৰ সালোক সংশ্লেষণৰ ভূমিকাত নিহিত হৈ আছে। ইয়াৰ উপৰিও, পত্ৰহৰিতৰ ডেৰিভেটিভসমূহৰ সম্ভাৱ্য স্বাস্থ্য উপকাৰিতাৰ বাবে অধ্যয়ন কৰা হৈছে। পত্ৰহৰিৎিনৰ এণ্টিঅক্সিডেণ্ট গুণ থাকিব পাৰে, যি কোষক অক্সিডেটিভ ক্ষতিৰ পৰা ৰক্ষা কৰিব পাৰে।<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Ferruzzi MG, Blakeslee J | title = Digestion, absorption, and cancer preventative activity of dietary chlorophyll derivatives | journal = Nutrition Research | volume = 27 | issue = 1 | pages = 1–12 | date = January 2007 | doi = 10.1016/j.nutres.2006.12.003 }}</ref> কিছুমান গৱেষণাই পৰামৰ্শ দিয়ে যে পত্ৰহৰিৎিনে [[detoxification|বিষমুক্তকৰণ]] প্ৰক্ৰিয়াত সহায় কৰিব পাৰে আৰু [[anti-inflammatory|প্ৰদাহ-বিৰোধী]] প্ৰভাৱ থাকিব পাৰে।<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Balder HF, Vogel J, Jansen MC, Weijenberg MP, van den Brandt PA, Westenbrink S, van der Meer R, Goldbohm RA | title = Heme and chlorophyll intake and risk of colorectal cancer in the Netherlands cohort study | journal = Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention | volume = 15 | issue = 4 | pages = 717–25 | date = April 2006 | pmid = 16614114 | doi = 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-05-0792 | doi-access = free }}</ref> তথাপিও, এই দাবীসমূহৰ বাবে অধিক গৱেষণাৰ প্ৰয়োজন। পত্ৰহৰিতৰ অণুসমূহে [[photodynamic therapy|ফট'ডাইনামিক থেৰাপী]]তো সম্ভাৱনা দেখুৱাইছে, য’ত ইহঁতক কৰ্কট কোষ ধ্বংস কৰিবলৈ পোহৰ-সক্ৰিয় ৰঞ্জক হিচাপে ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়।<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Dougherty TJ, Gomer CJ, Henderson BW, Jori G, Kessel D, Korbelik M, Moan J, Peng Q | title = Photodynamic therapy | journal = Journal of the National Cancer Institute | volume = 90 | issue = 12 | pages = 889–905 | date = June 1998 | pmid = 9637138 | doi = 10.1093/jnci/90.12.889 | pmc = 2268890 }}</ref> পত্ৰহৰিৎ ডেৰিভেটিভ যেনে [[chlorin e6|ক্ল'ৰিন ই৬]]ক এই উদ্দেশ্যে অধ্যয়ন কৰা হৈছে।<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Huang Z | title = A review of progress in clinical photodynamic therapy | journal = Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment | volume = 4 | issue = 3 | pages = 283–93 | date = June 2005 | pmid = 15896084 | doi = 10.1177/153303460500400308 | pmc = 1317568 }}</ref> ইয়াৰ উপৰিও, পত্ৰহৰিতৰ এণ্টিমাইক্ৰ'বিয়েল গুণৰ বাবে খাদ্য সংৰক্ষণ আৰু চিকিৎসা প্ৰয়োগৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত সম্ভাৱনা অন্বেষণ কৰা হৈছে।<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Luksiene Z, Zukauskas A | title = Prospects of photosensitization in control of pathogenic and harmful micro-organisms | journal = Journal of Applied Microbiology | volume = 107 | issue = 6 | pages = 2031–40 | date = December 2009 | pmid = 19486402 | doi = 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04341.x }}</ref> ==অতিৰিক্ত পাঠ== * [[Bacteriochlorophyll|বেক্টেৰিওপত্ৰহৰিৎ]] * [[Chlorin|ক্ল'ৰিন]] * [[Photosynthesis| সালোক সংশ্লেষণ]] * [[Photosystem|ফটোচিষ্টেম]] * [[Porphyrin|পৰ্ফাইৰিন]] * [[Phytol|ফাইটল]] ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== {{Reflist}} [[শ্ৰেণী:উদ্ভিদবিজ্ঞান]] hllf44ljs9qjxx5sxcnyllj6fxc1gz1 3 126208 605957 544067 2026-05-12T10:45:36Z Neriah 29129 পৃষ্ঠা [[সদস্য বাৰ্তা:Crushcrushcrush1]]ৰ পৰা [[সদস্য বাৰ্তা:Crushcrushcrush]]লৈ Neriahয়ে স্থানান্তৰ কৰিলে: Automatically moved page while renaming the user "[[Special:CentralAuth/Crushcrushcrush1|Crushcrushcrush1]]" to "[[Special:CentralAuth/Crushcrushcrush|Crushcrushcrush]]" 544067 wikitext text/x-wiki {{tmbox | type = notice | image = [[চিত্ৰ:Assamese Jaapi.png|135px|left]] | imageright = [[চিত্ৰ:Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg|135px]] | style = border: 1px blue solid; | textstyle = | text = {{Center|<big>{{#if: {{{1}}} |'''নমস্কাৰ, {{#if: | {{{1}}} | {{BASEPAGENAME}} }}<br/>}}}} {{Center|'''[[অসমীয়া ৱিকিপিডিয়া]]লৈ আপোনাক [[ৱিকিপিডিয়া:আদৰণি|আদৰণি জনাইছোঁ]]! '''</big><br/><br/> আপোনাৰ আগ্ৰহৰ বাবে ধন্যবাদ। আশা কৰোঁ আপুনি সদায় আমাৰ লগত জড়িত হৈ থাকিব। নৱাগত সকলৰ বাবে তলত দিয়া পৃষ্ঠাকেইখন অতি উপযোগী, অনুগ্ৰহ কৰি পৃষ্ঠাকেইখন এবাৰ চকু ফুৰাই চাই যেন। }}<br/> {{Center| '''ৱিকিপিডিয়াত সম্পাদনাৰ সহায়'''<br/> <big> [[ৱিকিপিডিয়া:পৰিচয়|ৱিকিপিডিয়াৰ বিষয়ে অলপ]]</big><br/> <big> [[সহায়:সৰল সম্পাদনা|সম্পাদনাৰ থুলমুল আভাস]]</big><br/> <big> [[ৱিকিপিডিয়া:সহায়িকা|ৱিকিপিডিয়া সম্পাদনাৰ বিষয়ে প্ৰয়োজনীয় আভাস]]</big><br/> <big> [[সহায়:নতুন প্ৰবন্ধ আৰম্ভ কৰক|প্ৰবন্ধ এটা কেনেকৈ আৰম্ভ কৰিব?]]</big><br/> <big> [[ৱিকিপিডিয়া:সততে উদিত প্ৰশ্নসমূহ|সততে উদিত প্ৰশ্নসমূহ]] </big><br/> <br> '''ৱিকিপিডিয়াৰ সম্পাদনাৰ নিয়ম নীতি'''<br/> <big> [[ৱিকিপিডিয়া:পাঁচটা স্তম্ভ|ৱিকিপিডিয়াৰ পঞ্চশীল নীতি]]</big><br/> <big> [[ৱিকিপিডিয়া:ৱিকিপিডিয়া কি নহয়|ৱিকিপিডিয়া কি নহয়]]</big><br/> }} <br/> '''ইয়াৰ উপৰিও ফে’চবুকত [https://www.facebook.com/groups/assamwikigroup/ {{Like|''Assamese Wikipedia Community''}}] বুলি আমাৰ এটা আলোচনা গোট আৰু [https://facebook.com/aswikipedia {{Like|''অসমীয়া ৱিকিপিডিয়া''}}] নামৰ এটা পৃষ্ঠা আছে। ৱিকিপিডিয়ানসকলক লগ পাবলৈ আৰু ৱিকিপিডিয়াৰ বিষয়ে জানিবলৈ আপুনিও সেইবোৰৰ সদস্য হৈ ল’ব পাৰে। ''' আশা কৰোঁ ৱিকিপিডিয়াত সম্পাদনা কৰি আৰু এজন [[ৱিকিপিডিয়া:ৱিকিপিডিয়ান|ৱিকিপিডিয়ান]] হোৱাটো উপভোগ কৰিব। <div class="center">{{Wikipedia in Social Media}}</div> | small = / yes | smallimage = none / [[Image:Some image.svg|30px]] | smallimageright = none / [[Image:Some image.svg|30px]] | smalltext = আদৰণি }} — [[সদস্য:AdoroniBot|AdoroniBot]] ([[সদস্য বাৰ্তা:AdoroniBot|বাৰ্তা]]) 07:19, 18 October 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- This welcome message is delivered by [[User:AdoroniBot|AdoroniBot]] on behalf of Assamese Wikimedia Community. --> 10lmd6d6s7h54te91lrsdg9zqdvqznl 0 126540 605930 548619 2026-05-12T06:13:21Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 605930 wikitext text/x-wiki '''ভাৰতৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় ক্ৰিকেট দল(মহিলা)''', যাক ''উইমেন ইন ব্লু'' বুলিও কোৱা হয়, ই আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় ক্ৰিকেটত ভাৰতক প্ৰতিনিধিত্ব কৰি আহিছে।<ref>{{Cite news|title=Women in Blue's journey through the T20 Women's World Cup|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/sport/womens-t20-world-cup/2020/mar/08/women-in-blues-journey-through-the-t20-womens-world-cup-2113824.html|access-date=2020-12-02|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> ভাৰতৰ ক্ৰিকেট নিয়ন্ত্ৰণ ব’ৰ্ডৰদ্বাৰা পৰিচালিত আৰু টেষ্ট, এদিনীয়া আৰু টি-২০ মৰ্যাদা থকা আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় ক্ৰিকেট পৰিষদৰ সম্পূৰ্ণ সদস্য। এছিয়ান গেমছৰ বৰ্তমানৰ চেম্পিয়নৰ লগতে ২০২৫ চনৰ মহিলা ক্ৰিকেট বিশ্বকাপ চেম্পিয়ন। [[হৰমনপ্ৰীত কৌৰ]] অধিনায়ক হোৱাৰ বিপৰীতে [[স্মৃতি মান্ধানা]] এই দলৰ উপ-অধিনায়ক। দলটোৱে ৪১খন টেষ্ট মেচ খেলি ৮খনত জয়, ৬খনত পৰাজয় আৰু ২৭খনত অমীমাংসিত হৈ ৰৈছে। ১৯৭৬ চনৰ ৩১ অক্টোবৰত তেওঁলোকৰ প্ৰথম আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় মেচখন আছিল বাংগালুৰুৰ [[এম চিন্নাস্বামী ষ্টেডিয়াম]]ত [[ৱেষ্ট ইণ্ডিজ]]ৰ বিৰুদ্ধে টেষ্ট খেল যিখন অমীমাংসিতভাবে সমাপ্ত হয়।<ref>{{Cite web |title=IND-W vs WI-W Cricket Scorecard, 1st Test at Bengaluru, October 31 - November 02, 1976 |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/west-indies-women-tour-of-india-1976-77-62212/india-women-vs-west-indies-women-1st-test-67452/full-scorecard |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20250808085054/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/west-indies-women-tour-of-india-1976-77-62212/india-women-vs-west-indies-women-1st-test-67452/full-scorecard |archive-date=2025-08-08 |access-date=2025-09-28 |website=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}</ref> দলটোৱে ৩৪২খন এদিনীয়া মেচ খেলিছে, ১৮৮খনত জয়, ১৪৭খনত পৰাজয়, ২খন টাই আৰু ৫খন ফলাফল নোহোৱাকৈ শেষ হৈছে। ২০২৫ চনৰ হিচাপত ভাৰত এদিনীয়া দলৰ ৰেংকিঙত তৃতীয় স্থানত আছে। ভাৰতে তিনিবাৰকৈ বিশ্বকাপৰ ফাইনেলত প্ৰৱেশ কৰিছে, ২০০৫ চনত অষ্ট্ৰেলিয়াৰ হাতত ৯৮ ৰাণত পৰাস্ত হৈছিল, ২০১৭ চনত ইংলেণ্ডৰ হাতত ৯ ৰানত পৰাস্ত হৈছিল, ২০২৫ চনত দক্ষিণ আফ্ৰিকাক ৫২ ৰানত পৰাস্ত কৰিছিল। ২০০৪, ২০০৫-০৬, ২০০৬, ২০০৮ চনত ৪ বাৰকৈ এদিনীয়া [[ওমেন এছিয়া কাপ]] জয় কৰিছে। দলটোৱে ২০৪খন টি-২০ আই মেচ খেলিছে, ১১১খনত জয়, ৮৬খনত পৰাজয়, ১খনত টাই আৰু ৬খনত কোনো ফলাফল নোহোৱাকৈ শেষ হৈছে। ২০২৫ চনৰ হিচাপত ভাৰতে[[ICC Women's ODI and T20I Team Rankings| টি-২০ আই টিম ৰেংকিং]]ত তৃতীয় স্থানত আছে। ২০২৫ চনৰ আইচিচি মহিলা বিশ্বকাপত জয়লাভ কৰি ভাৰতে এবাৰ টি-২০ বিশ্বকাপৰ ফাইনেলত প্ৰৱেশ কৰিছে, ২০২০ চনত অষ্ট্ৰেলিয়াৰ হাতত ৮৫ ৰাণত পৰাস্ত হৈছিল। ২০১২, ২০১৬, ২০২২ চনত ৩ বাৰকৈ টি-২০ আই এছিয়া কাপত জয়লাভ কৰিছে। ইয়াৰ উপৰি ২০২২ চনৰ এছিয়ান গেমছত সোণৰ পদক, আৰু ২০২২ চনৰ কমনৱেলথ গেমছত ৰূপৰ পদক লাভ কৰিছে। ==ইতিহাস== [[File:Snehal Pradhan (10 March 2009, Sydney) 2.jpg|right|240px|thumb|alt=Eight female cricketers stand on a field. Two players are in red practice jerseys; three other players in red jerseys are facing toward them; a player in a blue shirt is facing away and hides another player in a blue game shirt. In the upper left corner is a fan with an Indian flag.|ছিডনীত মহিলা ক্ৰিকেট বিশ্বকাপৰ খেলৰ পূৰ্বে ভাৰতীয় ক্ৰিকেট দলৰ সদস্য]] ১৭০০ চনৰ আৰম্ভণিতে ব্ৰিটিছে ভাৰতলৈ ক্ৰিকেট আনিছিল আৰু ১৭২১ চনত প্ৰথম ক্ৰিকেট খেল অনুষ্ঠিত হৈছিল।<ref>{{Cite web |title=India Cricket API - Cricket Data for all Indian leagues |url=https://www.sportmonks.com/cricket-api/india/ |access-date=2023-10-17 |website=Sportmonks |language=en-US}}</ref> [[গুজৰাট]]ৰ কোলিসকল সাগৰীয় জলদস্যু আছিল আৰু তেওঁলোকক বৃটিছে বে-আইনী ঘোষণা কৰি ৰাখিছিল। পিছত এই খেলৰ প্ৰতি আকৰ্ষিত কৰাত কোলিসকলে ক্ৰিকেট খেল গ্ৰহণ কৰিছিল আৰু বৃটিছ তেওঁলোকৰ উদ্দেশ্যত সফল হৈছিল।<ref>{{Cite book |last=Downing |first=Clement |title=A History of the Indian Wars |year=1978 |page=189 |oclc=5905776}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Drew |first=John |date=6 December 2021 |title=The Christmas the Kolis took to cricket |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/views/in-focus/news/the-christmas-the-kolis-took-cricket-2910376 |access-date=5 December 2021 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Drew |first=John |date=21 December 2021 |title=How East India traders brought cricket to Indian shores 300 years ago this fortnight |url=https://scroll.in/article/1013180/how-east-india-traders-brought-cricket-to-indian-shores-300-years-ago-this-fortnight |access-date=1 November 2023 |website=Scroll.in |language=en-US}}</ref> প্ৰথম ভাৰতীয় ক্ৰিকেট ক্লাৱ পাৰ্চী সম্প্ৰদায়ে বোম্বাইত স্থাপন কৰিছিল, ১৮৪৮ চনত; ১৮৭৭ চনত ইউৰোপীয়সকলৰ বিৰুদ্ধে ক্লাৱটোৱে প্ৰথমখন মেচ খেলে।<ref>{{cite news|url = http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2279/is_1998_Nov/ai_53542832/pg_3|title = Cricket and Politics in Colonial India|work = Ramachandra Guha| access-date = 7 December 2009 | year=1998}}</ref> ১৯১১ চনত ভাৰতীয় পুৰুষৰ ক্ৰিকেট দল গঠন কৰি ইংলেণ্ড ভ্ৰমণ কৰে আৰু ইংলেণ্ড কাউণ্টি দলৰ সৈতে খেলে।<ref>{{cite web|url = http://cricketarchive.co.uk/Archive/Seasons/ENG/1911_ENG_India_in_England_1911.html|title = India in England, 1911|work = CricketArchive|access-date = 7 December 2009|archive-date = 18 March 2009|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090318074148/http://cricketarchive.co.uk/Archive/Seasons/ENG/1911_ENG_India_in_England_1911.html|url-status = dead|archivedate = 18 March 2009|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20090318074148/http://cricketarchive.co.uk/Archive/Seasons/ENG/1911_ENG_India_in_England_1911.html|deadurl = yes}}</ref> ১৯৩২ চনত ইংলেণ্ডৰ বিৰুদ্ধে ভাৰতৰ পুৰুষ দলটোৱে টেষ্ট ক্ৰিকেটত আত্মপ্ৰকাশ কৰে।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/151765.html|title=England v India 1932|date=30 July 2007|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=7 December 2009}}</ref> ১৯৩৪ চনত ইংলেণ্ড আৰু অষ্ট্ৰেলিয়াৰ মাজত প্ৰথম মহিলা টেষ্ট খেল হৈছিল।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stats.cricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=8;filter=advanced;orderby=start;size=200;template=results;type=aggregate;view=results |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120720153748/http://stats.cricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=8;filter=advanced;orderby=start;size=200;template=results;type=aggregate;view=results |url-status=dead |archive-date=20 July 2012 |title=List of women's Test matches |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=7 December 2009 }}</ref> ভাৰতত মহিলা ক্ৰিকেট আহিছিল বহু পিছত; ১৯৭৩ চনত ভাৰতীয় ক্ৰিকেট সংস্থা (WCAI) গঠন কৰা হয়।<ref>{{cite book|last=Stoddart|first=Brian|author2=Keith A. P. Sandiford|title=The imperial game: cricket, culture, and society|publisher=Manchester University Press |year=1998|page=5|isbn=978-0-7190-4978-1| oclc=40430869}}</ref> ভাৰতীয় মহিলা দলটোৱে ১৯৭৬ চনত ৱেষ্ট ইণ্ডিজৰ বিৰুদ্ধে প্ৰথম টেষ্ট মেচ খেলিছিল।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stats.cricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=8;team=1863;template=results;type=aggregate;view=results |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120715233404/http://stats.cricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=8;team=1863;template=results;type=aggregate;view=results |url-status=dead |archive-date=15 July 2012 |title=India women Test matches |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=7 December 2009 }}</ref> ১৯৭৮ চনৰ নৱেম্বৰ মাহত পাটনাৰ মইন-উল-হক ষ্টেডিয়ামত [[শান্থা ৰঙ্গস্বামী]]ৰ অধিনায়কত্বত ৱেষ্ট ইণ্ডিজৰ বিৰুদ্ধে ভাৰতে প্ৰথম টেষ্ট জয়ৰ ৰেকৰ্ড গঢ়িছিল।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/womens-world-cup/news/441451|title=One more game, and it can change India's fortunes: Mithali Raj|website=Icc-cricket.com|access-date=17 November 2021|archive-date=28 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170928010002/https://www.icc-cricket.com/womens-world-cup/news/441451|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/west-indies-women-tour-of-india-1976-77-62212/india-women-vs-west-indies-women-4th-test-67455/full-scorecard|title=Full Scorecard of WI Women vs IND Women 4th Test 1976/77 - Score Report |work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=17 November 2021}}</ref>[[File:Indian Batswoman at Cricket Worlds Cup 2010.jpg|thumb|150px|right|ক্ৰিকেট বিশ্বকাপ ২০১০ত ভাৰতীয় বেটছমেন]] [[File:Mithali Raj Truro 2012.jpg|thumb|150px|ভাৰতীয় মহিলা দলৰ অধিনায়ক [[মিতালী ৰাজ]]]] মহিলা ক্ৰিকেটৰ শাসকীয় সংস্থা ডব্লিউ চি এ আই [[International Women's Cricket Council|আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় মহিলা ক্ৰিকেট পৰিষদ]]ৰ সৈতে জড়িত আছিল। আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় ক্ৰিকেট পৰিষদৰ মহিলা ক্ৰিকেটৰ বিকাশৰ পদক্ষেপৰ অংশ হিচাপে ভাৰতীয় ক্ৰিকেট সংস্থাক ২০০৬/০৭ চনত [[ভাৰতীয় ক্ৰিকেট নিয়ন্ত্ৰণ ব'ৰ্ড]]ৰ সৈতে একত্ৰিত কৰা হয়।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://in.rediff.com/cms/print.jsp?docpath=//cricket/2006/nov/14message.htm |title=Better days for women's cricket? |date=14 November 2006 |publisher=[[Rediff]] |access-date=7 December 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604020307/http://in.rediff.com/cms/print.jsp?docpath=%2F%2Fcricket%2F2006%2Fnov%2F14message.htm |archive-date=4 June 2011 }}</ref> ২০২১ চনত বিচিচিআইয়ে ঘোষণা কৰে যে [[ৰমেশ পাৱাৰ]] ভাৰতীয় মহিলা ক্ৰিকেট দলৰ মুখ্য প্ৰশিক্ষক হ’ব।.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sportstiger.com/just-in-ramesh-powar-appointed-head-coach-of-indian-womens-cricket-team/ |title=Ramesh Powar appointed head coach of Indian Women's Cricket Team |work=SportsTiger |date=13 May 2021 |access-date=13 May 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/ramesh-powar-appointed-head-coach-of-indian-women-s-cricket-team-101620904617509.html |title=Ramesh Powar appointed Head Coach of Indian Women's Cricket Team |work=Hindustan Times |date=13 May 2021 |access-date=13 May 2021}}</ref> ২০২২ চনত ভাৰতীয় মহিলাই ২৩ বছৰৰ ভিতৰত ইংলেণ্ডৰ মাটিত ১ম শৃংখলা জয় কৰি ইতিহাসৰ জয়যাত্ৰা ৰচনা কৰে।<ref>{{cite news |last1=InsideSport |title=Indian Women script history by winning 1st series on England soil in 23 years |url=https://www.insidesport.in/ind-w-vs-eng-w-highlights-harmanpreet-kaur-143-renuka-four-for-crush-england-in-2nd-odi-indian-women-script-history-by-winning-1st-series-on-england-soil-watch-highlights/}}</ref> ২০২৫ চনৰ জুলাই মাহত ইংলেণ্ডৰ বিৰুদ্ধে মহিলাৰ টি-২০ শৃংখলাত প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে জয়লাভ কৰি ভাৰতে পাঁচখন মেচৰ শৃংখলাত ৩-১ গ’লত অপ্ৰতিৰোধ্য অগ্ৰগতি লাভ কৰে। ৱৰ্চেষ্টাৰত অনুষ্ঠিত হোৱা চতুৰ্থ টি-২০ আইত এই গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ জয় লাভ কৰে, য’ত ভাৰতীয় স্পিনাৰ [[ৰাধা যাদৱ]], [[দীপ্তি শৰ্মা]], আৰু নৱাগত [[শ্ৰী সৰণী]]য়ে ইংলেণ্ডক ১২৬/৭ত সীমাবদ্ধ কৰি ৰাখে। অ’পেনাৰ [[শেফালী বাৰ্মা]] আৰু [[স্মৃতি মান্ধানা]]ই ছয় উইকেটৰ আৰামদায়ক চেজ স্থাপন কৰে, ১৮টা বল বাকী থকা অৱস্থাত অন্ত পেলায়। এই জয় এক ঐতিহাসিক অগ্ৰগতি হিচাপে পৰিগণিত হৈছিল, কিয়নো ইয়াৰ পূৰ্বে ভাৰতে ঘৰুৱা বা বিদেশত ইংলেণ্ডৰ বিৰুদ্ধে কেতিয়াও টি-২০ শৃংখলাত জয়ী হোৱা নাছিল। অনুশাসিত বলিং আৰু চোকা ফিল্ডিঙে উজ্জ্বল কৰি তোলা এই প্ৰদৰ্শনে ২০২৬ চনত ইংলেণ্ডত অনুষ্ঠিত হ’বলগীয়া আইচিচি মহিলা টি-২০ বিশ্বকাপৰ পূৰ্বে এক অতি গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ প্ৰস্তুতি হিচাপে কাম কৰিছিল।<ref>{{Cite web |last=media |first=news and |title=India women register maiden T20 series win against England |url=https://www.en.etemaaddaily.com/sports/cricket/india-women-register-maiden-t20-series-win-against-england:178331 |access-date=2025-07-11 |website=www.en.etemaaddaily.com |language=english }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ==নিয়ন্ত্ৰক সংস্থা== *মূল প্ৰবন্ধ:[[ভাৰতীয় ক্ৰিকেট নিয়ন্ত্ৰণ ব'ৰ্ড]] ভাৰতৰ ক্ৰিকেট নিয়ন্ত্ৰণ ব’ৰ্ড (বিচিচিআই) ভাৰতীয় ক্ৰিকেট দল আৰু ভাৰতৰ প্ৰথম শ্ৰেণীৰ ক্ৰিকেটৰ নিয়ন্ত্ৰণকাৰী সংস্থা। ১৯২৮ চনৰ পৰা চলি থকা এই ব’ৰ্ডখনে আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় ক্ৰিকেট পৰিষদত ভাৰতক প্ৰতিনিধিত্ব কৰে। ই বিশ্বৰ আটাইতকৈ ধনী ক্ৰীড়া সংস্থাসমূহৰ ভিতৰত অন্যতম। ২০০৬ চনৰ পৰা ২০১০ চনলৈকে ই ভাৰতৰ মেচৰ সংবাদ মাধ্যমৰ অধিকাৰ ৬১২,০০০,০০০ মাৰ্কিন ডলাৰত বিক্ৰী কৰিছিল।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2006/02/18/stories/2006021803840100.htm|access-date=11 January 2007|title=Nimbus Bags Cricket Rights for $612 m|work=The Hindu|location=India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070110084913/http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2006/02/18/stories/2006021803840100.htm|archive-date=10 January 2007|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> ই ভাৰতীয় দলৰ পৃষ্ঠপোষকতা, ইয়াৰ ভৱিষ্যত ভ্ৰমণ আৰু দল নিৰ্বাচন পৰিচালনা কৰে। আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় ক্ৰিকেট পৰিষদে ইয়াৰ ভৱিষ্যত ভ্ৰমণ কাৰ্যসূচীৰ জৰিয়তে ভাৰতৰ আগন্তুক খেলসমূহ নিৰ্ধাৰণ কৰে। ===বাছনি সমিতি=== *অধিক তথ্যঃ [[ভাৰতৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় ক্ৰিকেট দলৰ নিৰ্বাচক]] ২০২৫ চনৰ ২৮ ছেপ্টেম্বৰত ভাৰতীয় ক্ৰিকেট নিয়ন্ত্ৰণ ব'ৰ্ডে (BCCI) নতুন সৰ্বভাৰতীয় মহিলা বাছনি সমিতি নিযুক্তি দিয়াৰ কথা ঘোষণা কৰে।<ref>{{Cite web|title="Amita Sharma appointed chairperson of Indian women’s cricket team selection committee"|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/womens-cricket/amita-sharma-appointed-india-women-cricket-selection-committee-chairperson-neetu-david-bcci-agm-news/article70104866.ece|access-date=28 September 2025|website=Sportstar}}</ref> পাঁচজনীয়া বাছনি সমিতিৰ মুৰব্বী ভাৰতৰ প্ৰাক্তন সোঁহাত মধ্যম বেগী বলাৰ অমিতা শৰ্মাই। *[[অমিতা শৰ্মা]] (মুখ্য নিৰ্বাচক) *[[শ্যামা দে]] *[[জয়া শৰ্মা]] *[[সুলক্ষণা নাইক]] *[[শ্ৰাৱন্তি নাইডু]] ==পোছাকৰ বিৱৰ্তন== ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== [[শ্ৰেণী:ক্ৰিকেট]] 3gsdsgicsnyty1o7ompdg8f5477uzs0 0 127530 605953 605728 2026-05-12T08:57:07Z যদুমণি 32127 605953 wikitext text/x-wiki {{সম্পাদনা দ্বন্দ্ব}}[[File:Man-and-lady-kimono.JPG|thumb|upright|পৰম্পৰাগত কাপোৰ পিন্ধা জাপানৰ ওছাকা চহৰত তোলা এজন পুৰুষ আৰু এগৰাকী মহিলাৰ ফটো]] জাপানত সাধাৰণতে দুই প্ৰকাৰৰ কাপোৰ পিন্ধা হয়: জাপানৰ পৰম্পৰাগত কাপোৰ ৱাফুকু (和服, wafuku) আৰু পশ্চিমীয়া কাপোৰ (洋服, yōfuku)। জাতীয় সাজ কিমোনো হৈছে ৱাফুকু(和服, wafuku) আৰু জাপানৰ পৰম্পৰাগত সাজ-পোছাক হিচাপে স্বীকৃতি নোপোৱা বাকী সকলো ধৰণৰ পশ্চিমীয়া কাপোৰক ইৱফুকু (洋服, yōfuku) বুলি ধৰা হয়। পৰম্পৰাগত জাপানৰ পোছাক-পৰিচ্ছদে দেশৰ সংস্কৃতিৰ ইতিহাসক দীৰ্ঘদিন ধৰি প্ৰতিনিধিত্ব কৰি আহিছে। ইয়াত হেইয়ান যুগত বিকশিত ৰঙৰ সঁফুৰা, টাং বংশৰ কাপোৰ আৰু সাংস্কৃতিক পৰম্পৰাৰ পৰা গ্ৰহণ কৰা চিলোৱাট, জাপানী সংস্কৃতি, প্ৰকৃতি আৰু পৰম্পৰাগত সাহিত্যৰ পৰা আহৰণ কৰা বুটা, কিছুমান কাপোৰৰ বাবে ৰেচমৰ ব্যৱহাৰ আৰু ইডো যুগৰ শেষৰ ফালে মূলতঃ সম্পূৰ্ণৰূপে বিকাশ হোৱা পৰিধানৰ শৈলী আদি অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত। পৰম্পৰাগত জাপানী ফেশ্বনৰ আটাইতকৈ পৰিচিত ৰূপটো হৈছে কিমোনো। কিমোনো শব্দটোৰ আক্ষৰিক অৰ্থ হৈছে "পিন্ধিবলগীয়া কিবা এটা" বা "কান্ধত পিন্ধা বস্তু"।<ref> Assmann, Stephanie. "Between Tradition and Innovation: The Reinvention of the Kimono in Japanese Consumer Culture." Fashion Theory: The Journal of Dress, Body & Culture 12, no. 3 (September 2008): 359-376. Art & Architecture Source, EBSCOhost (accessed November 1, 2016)</ref> আন প্ৰকাৰৰ পৰম্পৰাগত ফেশ্বনৰ ভিতৰত আইনু জনগোষ্ঠীৰ কাপোৰ (আট্টুছ নামেৰে জনাজাত)<ref> "Ryukyu and Ainu Textiles". kyohaku.go.jp. Kyoto National Museum. Archived from the original on 10 July 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.</ref> আৰু ৰ্যুকিউয়ান জনগোষ্ঠীৰ কাপোৰ যিটো ৰ্যুছ' (琉装) নামেৰে জনাজাত,<ref> Boivin, Mai (22 April 2013). "Okinawa Traditional Costume – Ryuso". insideokinawa.wordpress.com. Archived from the original on 18 October 2016. Retrieved 10 July 2020.</ref><ref> "Traditional Costume that Represents Okinawa's Culture and National Features, the "Ryusou"". okinawatravelinfo.com. Archived from the original on 14 July 2016.</ref> ইয়াৰ ভিতৰত আটাইতকৈ উল্লেখযোগ্য হ'ল ৰ্যুকিউ দ্বীপপুঞ্জত উৎপাদিত বিংগাটা আৰু বাশ্বফু<ref> "Ryukyu and Ainu Textiles". kyohaku.go.jp. Kyoto National Museum. Archived from the original on 10 July 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.</ref> হ'ল পৰম্পৰাগত কাপোৰ। ==ইতিহাস== === য়ায়োই যুগ (নৱপ্ৰস্তৰ যুগৰ পৰা লোহা যুগ)=== [[File:Yayoi people attires.JPG|thumb|পুনৰ তৈয়াৰ কৰি উলিওৱা য়ায়োই কাপোৰ]] য়ায়োই যুগৰ সাজ-পোছাকৰ বিষয়ে বহু কমকৈ জনা যায়। তৃতীয় শতিকাৰ ৱেইজি ৱৰেনচুয়ান (魏志倭人伝 (গিচি ৱাজিণ্ডেন), চীনা পণ্ডিত চেন শ্বৌৱেৰ সংকলিত তিনিখন ৰাজ্যৰ বিষয়ে লিখা এটা অংশত<ref> 魏志倭人伝 Archived 2010-10-16 at the Wayback Machine, Chinese texts and its Japanese translation</ref> জাপানত পিন্ধা কাপোৰৰ কিছু বৰ্ণনা আছে। ইয়াত বহল কাপোৰ (সম্ভৱতঃ দুগুণ প্ৰস্থ)ৰ বৰ্ণনা কৰা হৈছে, যিটো কঁকাল আৰু কান্ধত বান্ধি আকৃতিহীন কাপোৰ তৈয়াৰ কৰা হয়।<ref> "The Costume Museum - The Rebirth of The Tale of Genji". www.iz2.or.jp. The Costume Museum, Kyoto. Retrieved 16 October 2021. See "Explanation" button for relevant costumes.</ref> === কোফুন যুগ (৩০০–৫৩৮ খ্ৰীষ্টাব্দ) === খ্ৰীষ্টীয় ৫ম শতিকালৈকে জাপানত পিন্ধা কাপোৰৰ কলাত্মক প্ৰমাণ কম।<ref> Kennedy, Alan. "Japanese Traditional Dress and Adornment". LoveToKnow.</ref> হানিৱাৰ ওপৰত ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা মাটিৰ ভাস্কৰ্য্যৰ পৰা কোফুন যুগৰ কাপোৰৰ বিষয়ে জনা যায়।<ref> Department of Asian Art. "Kofun Period (ca. 300–710)". www.metmuseum.org. MET Museum.</ref> এইবোৰ ৫ম আৰু ষষ্ঠ শতিকাত ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হৈছিল, যদিও বেছিভাগ হানিৱাৰ ওপৰত কোনো ভাস্কৰ্য্য নাই।<ref> Department of Asian Art. "Kofun Period (ca. 300–710)". www.metmuseum.org. MET Museum.</ref> এই ভাস্কৰ্য্যৰবোৰে সম্ভৱতঃ দৈনন্দিন সাজ-পোছাকক প্ৰতিনিধিত্ব নকৰে; ই ঘোঁৰাত উঠি যুদ্ধ কৰা সকলক প্ৰতিনিধিত্ব কৰিব পাৰে। বহুতে কৱচ পিন্ধে।<ref> Kennedy, Alan. "Japanese Traditional Dress and Adornment". LoveToKnow.</ref> === অশোক যুগ (৫৩৮–৭১০ খ্ৰীষ্টাব্দ)=== অশোক যুগৰ আৰম্ভণি হৈছিল বৌদ্ধ ধৰ্মৰ প্ৰৱৰ্তনৰ লগে লগে, আৰু জাপানত চীনা আখৰৰ লিখা ব্যৱস্থাৰ পৰা; এই সময়ছোৱাত জাপানৰ ওপৰত চীনৰ প্ৰভাৱ যথেষ্ট শক্তিশালী আছিল।<ref> Kennedy, Alan. "Japanese Traditional Dress and Adornment". LoveToKnow.</ref> সম্ৰাজ্ঞী ছুইকোৰ (৫৯৩–৬২৮) ৰাজত্বকালত টেনজুকোকু শ্বুচো মণ্ডলাত দেখুওৱা চিত্ৰসমূহৰ পৰা বিচাৰ কৰিলে পুৰুষ আৰু মহিলাৰ দৰবাৰৰ সাজ-পোছাক অতি মিল আছিল। দুয়োজনে ঘূৰণীয়া ডিঙিৰ সন্মুখত ফাষ্টনিং হো পিন্ধিছিল আৰু ইয়াৰ ওপৰত উপৰা-উপৰি নোহোৱাকৈ লেপেল আছিল, সন্মুখত কলাৰ আৰু কফত কাপোৰৰ প্ৰান্ত আছিল, সম্ভৱতঃ এটা তলৰ কাপোৰ; আঁঠুৰ দৈৰ্ঘ্যৰ ওপৰৰ ৰান স্কাৰ্টটোৰ এটা মিল থকা প্ৰান্ত আছিল। ৰানৰ তলত আৰু তাৰ তললৈ প্ৰায় আঁঠুৰ দৈৰ্ঘ্যলৈকে বিস্তৃত হৈ হিৰামি নামৰ অধিক গধুৰভাৱে প্লিট কৰা কনট্ৰাষ্টেণ্ট স্কাৰ্ট পিন্ধিছিল। হিৰামিৰ তলত পুৰুষে সংকীৰ্ণ হাকামা পিন্ধিছিল যাৰ তলৰ প্ৰান্তৰ বিপৰীত আৰু মহিলাসকলে পিছলৈ যাবলৈ যথেষ্ট দীঘলকৈ প্লিটেড মো পিন্ধিছিল।<ref> "The Costume Museum - The Rebirth of The Tale of Genji". www.iz2.or.jp. The Costume Museum, Kyoto. Retrieved 16 October 2021. See "Explanation" button for relevant costumes.</ref> ==তথ্য সংগ্ৰহ== {{ৰেফলিষ্ট}} [[শ্ৰেণী:পোচাক]] [[শ্ৰেণী:জাপান]] [[শ্ৰেণী:চমু বৰ্ণনা থকা প্ৰবন্ধসমূহ]] 06rzrv0jgj7hxefqscqzojb6cgyekj5 605954 605953 2026-05-12T09:34:12Z যদুমণি 32127 [[ৱিকিপিডিয়া:লাচিত বৰ্ণাশুদ্ধি নিবাৰক|লাচিত বৰ্ণাশুদ্ধি নিবাৰকৰ]] সহায়ত বৰ্ণাশুদ্ধি নিবাৰণ কৰা হ’ল। 605954 wikitext text/x-wiki {{সম্পাদনা দ্বন্দ্ব}} [[File:Man-and-lady-kimono.JPG|thumb|upright|পৰম্পৰাগত কাপোৰ পিন্ধা জাপানৰ ওছাকা চহৰত তোলা এজন পুৰুষ আৰু এগৰাকী মহিলাৰ ফটো]] জাপানত সাধাৰণতে দুইপ্ৰকাৰৰ কাপোৰ পিন্ধা হয়: জাপানৰ পৰম্পৰাগত কাপোৰ ৱাফুকু (和服, wafuku) আৰু পশ্চিমীয়া কাপোৰ (洋服, yōfuku)। জাতীয় সাজ কিমোনো হৈছে ৱাফুকু(和服, wafuku) আৰু জাপানৰ পৰম্পৰাগত সাজ-পোছাক হিচাপে স্বীকৃতি নোপোৱা বাকী সকলো ধৰণৰ পশ্চিমীয়া কাপোৰক ইৱফুকু (洋服, yōfuku) বুলি ধৰা হয়। পৰম্পৰাগত জাপানৰ পোছাক-পৰিচ্ছদে দেশৰ সংস্কৃতিৰ ইতিহাসক দীৰ্ঘদিন ধৰি প্ৰতিনিধিত্ব কৰি আহিছে। ইয়াত হেইয়ান যুগত বিকশিত ৰঙৰ সঁফুৰা, টাং বংশৰ কাপোৰ আৰু সাংস্কৃতিক পৰম্পৰাৰপৰা গ্ৰহণ কৰা চিলোৱাট, জাপানী সংস্কৃতি, প্ৰকৃতি আৰু পৰম্পৰাগত সাহিত্যৰপৰা আহৰণ কৰা বুটা, কিছুমান কাপোৰৰ বাবে ৰেচমৰ ব্যৱহাৰ আৰু ইডো যুগৰ শেষৰফালে মূলতঃ সম্পূৰ্ণৰূপে বিকাশ হোৱা পৰিধানৰ শৈলী আদি অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত। পৰম্পৰাগত জাপানী ফেশ্বনৰ আটাইতকৈ পৰিচিত ৰূপটো হৈছে কিমোনো। কিমোনো শব্দটোৰ আক্ষৰিক অৰ্থ হৈছে "পিন্ধিবলগীয়া কিবা এটা" বা "কান্ধত পিন্ধা বস্তু।" <ref> Assmann, Stephanie. "Between Tradition and Innovation: The Reinvention of the Kimono in Japanese Consumer Culture." Fashion Theory: The Journal of Dress, Body & Culture 12, no. 3 (September 2008): 359-376. Art & Architecture Source, EBSCOhost (accessed November 1, 2016)</ref> আনপ্ৰকাৰৰ পৰম্পৰাগত ফেশ্বনৰ ভিতৰত আইনু জনগোষ্ঠীৰ কাপোৰ (আট্টুছ নামেৰে জনাজাত)<ref> "Ryukyu and Ainu Textiles". kyohaku.go.jp. Kyoto National Museum. Archived from the original on 10 July 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.</ref> আৰু ৰ্যুকিউয়ান জনগোষ্ঠীৰ কাপোৰ যিটো ৰ্যুছ' (琉装) নামেৰে জনাজাত,<ref> Boivin, Mai (22 April 2013). "Okinawa Traditional Costume – Ryuso". insideokinawa.wordpress.com. Archived from the original on 18 October 2016. Retrieved 10 July 2020.</ref><ref> "Traditional Costume that Represents Okinawa's Culture and National Features, the "Ryusou"". okinawatravelinfo.com. Archived from the original on 14 July 2016.</ref> ইয়াৰ ভিতৰত আটাইতকৈ উল্লেখযোগ্য হ'ল ৰ্যুকিউ দ্বীপপুঞ্জত উৎপাদিত বিংগাটা আৰু বাশ্বফু<ref> "Ryukyu and Ainu Textiles". kyohaku.go.jp. Kyoto National Museum. Archived from the original on 10 July 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.</ref> হ'ল পৰম্পৰাগত কাপোৰ। ==ইতিহাস== === য়ায়োই যুগ (নৱপ্ৰস্তৰ যুগৰপৰা লোহা যুগ)=== [[File:Yayoi people attires.JPG|thumb|পুনৰ তৈয়াৰ কৰি উলিওৱা য়ায়োই কাপোৰ]] য়ায়োই যুগৰ সাজ-পোছাকৰ বিষয়ে বহু কমকৈ জনা যায়। তৃতীয় শতিকাৰ ৱেইজি ৱৰেনচুয়ান (魏志倭人伝 (গিচি ৱাজিণ্ডেন), চীনা পণ্ডিত চেন শ্বৌৱেৰ সংকলিত তিনিখন ৰাজ্যৰ বিষয়ে লিখা এটা অংশত<ref> 魏志倭人伝 Archived 2010-10-16 at the Wayback Machine, Chinese texts and its Japanese translation</ref> জাপানত পিন্ধা কাপোৰৰ কিছু বৰ্ণনা আছে। ইয়াত বহল কাপোৰ (সম্ভৱতঃ দুগুণ প্ৰস্থ)ৰ বৰ্ণনা কৰা হৈছে, যিটো কঁকাল আৰু কান্ধত বান্ধি আকৃতিহীন কাপোৰ তৈয়াৰ কৰা হয়।<ref> "The Costume Museum - The Rebirth of The Tale of Genji". www.iz2.or.jp. The Costume Museum, Kyoto. Retrieved 16 October 2021. See "Explanation" button for relevant costumes.</ref> === কোফুন যুগ (৩০০–৫৩৮ খ্ৰীষ্টাব্দ) === খ্ৰীষ্টীয় ৫ম শতিকালৈকে জাপানত পিন্ধা কাপোৰৰ কলাত্মক প্ৰমাণ কম।<ref> Kennedy, Alan. "Japanese Traditional Dress and Adornment". LoveToKnow.</ref> হানিৱাৰ ওপৰত ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা মাটিৰ ভাস্কৰ্য্যৰপৰা কোফুন যুগৰ কাপোৰৰ বিষয়ে জনা যায়।<ref> Department of Asian Art. "Kofun Period (ca. 300–710)". www.metmuseum.org. MET Museum.</ref> এইবোৰ ৫ম আৰু ষষ্ঠ শতিকাত ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হৈছিল, যদিও বেছিভাগ হানিৱাৰ ওপৰত কোনো ভাস্কৰ্য্য নাই।<ref> Department of Asian Art. "Kofun Period (ca. 300–710)". www.metmuseum.org. MET Museum.</ref> এই ভাস্কৰ্য্যৰবোৰে সম্ভৱতঃ দৈনন্দিন সাজ-পোছাকক প্ৰতিনিধিত্ব নকৰে; ই ঘোঁৰাত উঠি যুদ্ধ কৰাসকলক প্ৰতিনিধিত্ব কৰিব পাৰে। বহুতে কৱচ পিন্ধে।<ref> Kennedy, Alan. "Japanese Traditional Dress and Adornment". LoveToKnow.</ref> === অশোক যুগ (৫৩৮–৭১০ খ্ৰীষ্টাব্দ)=== অশোক যুগৰ আৰম্ভণি হৈছিল বৌদ্ধ ধৰ্মৰ প্ৰৱৰ্তনৰ লগে লগে, আৰু জাপানত চীনা আখৰৰ লিখা ব্যৱস্থাৰ পৰা; এই সময়ছোৱাত জাপানৰ ওপৰত চীনৰ প্ৰভাৱ যথেষ্ট শক্তিশালী আছিল।<ref> Kennedy, Alan. "Japanese Traditional Dress and Adornment". LoveToKnow.</ref> সম্ৰাজ্ঞী ছুইকোৰ (৫৯৩–৬২৮) ৰাজত্বকালত টেনজুকোকু শ্বুচো মণ্ডলাত দেখুওৱা চিত্ৰসমূহৰপৰা বিচাৰ কৰিলে পুৰুষ আৰু মহিলাৰ দৰবাৰৰ সাজ-পোছাক অতি মিল আছিল। দুয়োজনে ঘূৰণীয়া ডিঙিৰ সন্মুখত ফাষ্টনিং হো পিন্ধিছিল আৰু ইয়াৰ ওপৰত উপৰা-উপৰি নোহোৱাকৈ লেপেল আছিল, সন্মুখত কলাৰ আৰু কফত কাপোৰৰ প্ৰান্ত আছিল, সম্ভৱতঃ এটা তলৰ কাপোৰ; আঁঠুৰ দৈৰ্ঘ্যৰ ওপৰৰ ৰান স্কাৰ্টটোৰ এটা মিল থকা প্ৰান্ত আছিল। ৰানৰ তলত আৰু তাৰ তললৈ প্ৰায় আঁঠুৰ দৈৰ্ঘ্যলৈকে বিস্তৃত হৈ হিৰামি নামৰ অধিক গধুৰভাৱে প্লিট কৰা কনট্ৰাষ্টেণ্ট স্কাৰ্ট পিন্ধিছিল। হিৰামিৰ তলত পুৰুষে সংকীৰ্ণ হাকামা পিন্ধিছিল যাৰ তলৰ প্ৰান্তৰ বিপৰীত আৰু মহিলাসকলে পিছলৈ যাবলৈ যথেষ্ট দীঘলকৈ প্লিটেড মো পিন্ধিছিল।<ref> "The Costume Museum - The Rebirth of The Tale of Genji". www.iz2.or.jp. The Costume Museum, Kyoto. Retrieved 16 October 2021. See "Explanation" button for relevant costumes.</ref> ==তথ্য সংগ্ৰহ== {{ৰেফলিষ্ট}} [[শ্ৰেণী:পোছাক]] [[শ্ৰেণী:জাপান]] [[শ্ৰেণী:চমু বৰ্ণনা থকা প্ৰবন্ধসমূহ]] 2dohgnruihwuiksfk28oiasbwya2nu9 605955 605954 2026-05-12T10:11:42Z যদুমণি 32127 605955 wikitext text/x-wiki {{সম্পাদনা দ্বন্দ্ব}} [[File:Man-and-lady-kimono.JPG|thumb|upright|পৰম্পৰাগত কাপোৰ পিন্ধা জাপানৰ ওছাকা চহৰত তোলা এজন পুৰুষ আৰু এগৰাকী মহিলাৰ ফটো]] জাপানত সাধাৰণতে দুইপ্ৰকাৰৰ কাপোৰ পিন্ধা হয়: জাপানৰ পৰম্পৰাগত কাপোৰ ৱাফুকু (和服, wafuku) আৰু পশ্চিমীয়া কাপোৰ (洋服, yōfuku)। জাতীয় সাজ কিমোনো হৈছে ৱাফুকু(和服, wafuku) আৰু জাপানৰ পৰম্পৰাগত সাজ-পোছাক হিচাপে স্বীকৃতি নোপোৱা বাকী সকলো ধৰণৰ পশ্চিমীয়া কাপোৰক ইৱফুকু (洋服, yōfuku) বুলি ধৰা হয়। পৰম্পৰাগত জাপানৰ পোছাক-পৰিচ্ছদে দেশৰ সংস্কৃতিৰ ইতিহাসক দীৰ্ঘদিন ধৰি প্ৰতিনিধিত্ব কৰি আহিছে। ইয়াত হেইয়ান যুগত বিকশিত ৰঙৰ সঁফুৰা, টাং বংশৰ কাপোৰ আৰু সাংস্কৃতিক পৰম্পৰাৰপৰা গ্ৰহণ কৰা চিলোৱাট, জাপানী সংস্কৃতি, প্ৰকৃতি আৰু পৰম্পৰাগত সাহিত্যৰপৰা আহৰণ কৰা বুটা, কিছুমান কাপোৰৰ বাবে ৰেচমৰ ব্যৱহাৰ আৰু ইডো যুগৰ শেষৰফালে মূলতঃ সম্পূৰ্ণৰূপে বিকাশ হোৱা পৰিধানৰ শৈলী আদি অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত। পৰম্পৰাগত জাপানী ফেশ্বনৰ আটাইতকৈ পৰিচিত ৰূপটো হৈছে কিমোনো। কিমোনো শব্দটোৰ আক্ষৰিক অৰ্থ হৈছে "পিন্ধিবলগীয়া কিবা এটা" বা "কান্ধত পিন্ধা বস্তু।" <ref> Assmann, Stephanie. "Between Tradition and Innovation: The Reinvention of the Kimono in Japanese Consumer Culture." Fashion Theory: The Journal of Dress, Body & Culture 12, no. 3 (September 2008): 359-376. Art & Architecture Source, EBSCOhost (accessed November 1, 2016)</ref> আনপ্ৰকাৰৰ পৰম্পৰাগত ফেশ্বনৰ ভিতৰত আইনু জনগোষ্ঠীৰ কাপোৰ (আট্টুছ নামেৰে জনাজাত)<ref> "Ryukyu and Ainu Textiles". kyohaku.go.jp. Kyoto National Museum. Archived from the original on 10 July 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.</ref> আৰু ৰ্যুকিউয়ান জনগোষ্ঠীৰ কাপোৰ যিটো ৰ্যুছ' (琉装) নামেৰে জনাজাত,<ref> Boivin, Mai (22 April 2013). "Okinawa Traditional Costume – Ryuso". insideokinawa.wordpress.com. Archived from the original on 18 October 2016. Retrieved 10 July 2020.</ref><ref> "Traditional Costume that Represents Okinawa's Culture and National Features, the "Ryusou"". okinawatravelinfo.com. Archived from the original on 14 July 2016.</ref> ইয়াৰ ভিতৰত আটাইতকৈ উল্লেখযোগ্য হ'ল ৰ্যুকিউ দ্বীপপুঞ্জত উৎপাদিত বিংগাটা আৰু বাশ্বফু<ref> "Ryukyu and Ainu Textiles". kyohaku.go.jp. Kyoto National Museum. Archived from the original on 10 July 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.</ref> হ'ল পৰম্পৰাগত কাপোৰ। আধুনিক জাপানী ফেশ্বনত বেছিভাগেই 'য়োফুকু' (পশ্চিমীয়া পোছাক) অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত, যদিও বহুতো প্ৰখ্যাত জাপানী ফেশ্বন ডিজাইনাৰ—যেনে ইছেই মিয়াক, ইয়োজী য়ামামোটো আৰু ৰেই কাৱাকুবোৱে —পৰম্পৰাগত ফেশ্বনৰ পৰা অনুপ্ৰাণিত হৈছে আৰু কেতিয়াবা পৰম্পৰাগত প্ৰভাৱ থকা পোছাক ডিজাইন কৰিছে। তেওঁলোকৰ কামসমূহে বিশ্বব্যাপী ফেশ্বন উদ্যোগত এক সন্মিলিত প্ৰভাৱ পেলাইছে আৰু তেওঁলোকৰ বহুতো কৃতি বিশ্বৰ বিভিন্ন প্ৰান্তৰ ফেশ্বন শ্ব'ত প্ৰদৰ্শিত হৈছে। লগতে, তেওঁলোকে স্বয়ং জাপানী ফেশ্বন উদ্যোগটোৰ ওপৰতো প্ৰভাৱ পেলাইছে, য'ত বহুতো ডিজাইনাৰে জাপানী 'ষ্ট্ৰীট ফেশ্বন'ৰ পৰা সমল আহৰণ কৰিছে অথবা ইয়াত অৰিহণা যোগাইছে। পৰম্পৰাগত জাপানী পোছাক-পৰিচ্ছদে এক ভিন্ন সংস্কৃতিৰ প্ৰতিনিধিত্ব হিচাপে পশ্চিমীয়া বিশ্বত ব্যাপক আকৰ্ষণ লাভ কৰিছে। ১৮৬০-ৰ দশকত পোনপ্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে জনপ্ৰিয়তা লাভ কৰা 'জাপানিজিম' ধাৰাৰ অধীনত পশ্চিমীয়া দেশসমূহলৈ পৰম্পৰাগত পোছাক ৰপ্তানি কৰা হৈছিল—ইয়াৰে কিছুমান পোছাক কেৱল ৰপ্তানিৰ বাবে নিৰ্মাণ কৰা হৈছিল যিবোৰ জাপানী লোকসকলে দৈনন্দিন পিন্ধা পোছাকতকৈ গঠনশৈলীত পৃথক আছিল। অতি সোনকালেই এইসমূহ পশ্চিমৰ শিল্পী আৰু ফেশ্বন ডিজাইনাৰসকলৰ মাজত জনপ্ৰিয় হৈ পৰিছিল। জাপানী পোছাকৰ প্ৰতি থকা এই আকৰ্ষণ দ্বিতীয় বিশ্বযুদ্ধৰ সময়লৈকেও অব্যাহত আছিল, যি সময়ত "গেইশা গাৰ্লছ" (geisha girls)-ৰ দৰে জাপানী সংস্কৃতিৰ কিছুমান গতানুগতিক ধাৰণা বহুলভাৱে বিয়পি পৰিছিল। সময়ৰ লগে লগে, পৰম্পৰাগত আৰু আধুনিক জাপানী পোছাকক লৈ গঢ়ি উঠা আগ্ৰহ তথা চিত্ৰায়ণে সাংস্কৃতিক আত্মসাৎ আৰু পোছাকৰ জৰিয়তে কোনো এক সংস্কৃতিক কিদৰে গতানুগতিক বা সংকীৰ্ণ ৰূপত উপস্থাপন কৰিব পাৰি, সেই সন্দৰ্ভত বিতৰ্কৰ সূচনা কৰিছে। ২০১৬ চনত বষ্টন মিউজিয়াম অৱ আৰ্টছত আয়োজিত "কিমোনো ৱেডনেচডে" অনুষ্ঠানটো ইয়াৰ এক অন্যতম উদাহৰণ হৈ পৰিছিল।<ref>Valk, Julie. "The 'Kimono Wednesday' protests: identity politics and how the kimono became more than Japanese." Asian Ethnologyno. 2 (2015): 379. Literature Resource Center, EBSCOhost (accessed October 31, 2016).</ref> ==ইতিহাস== === য়ায়োই যুগ (নৱপ্ৰস্তৰ যুগৰপৰা লোহা যুগ)=== [[File:Yayoi people attires.JPG|thumb|পুনৰ তৈয়াৰ কৰি উলিওৱা য়ায়োই কাপোৰ]] য়ায়োই যুগৰ সাজ-পোছাকৰ বিষয়ে বহু কমকৈ জনা যায়। তৃতীয় শতিকাৰ ৱেইজি ৱৰেনচুয়ান (魏志倭人伝 (গিচি ৱাজিণ্ডেন), চীনা পণ্ডিত চেন শ্বৌৱেৰ সংকলিত তিনিখন ৰাজ্যৰ বিষয়ে লিখা এটা অংশত<ref> 魏志倭人伝 Archived 2010-10-16 at the Wayback Machine, Chinese texts and its Japanese translation</ref> জাপানত পিন্ধা কাপোৰৰ কিছু বৰ্ণনা আছে। ইয়াত বহল কাপোৰ (সম্ভৱতঃ দুগুণ প্ৰস্থ)ৰ বৰ্ণনা কৰা হৈছে, যিটো কঁকাল আৰু কান্ধত বান্ধি আকৃতিহীন কাপোৰ তৈয়াৰ কৰা হয়।<ref> "The Costume Museum - The Rebirth of The Tale of Genji". www.iz2.or.jp. The Costume Museum, Kyoto. Retrieved 16 October 2021. See "Explanation" button for relevant costumes.</ref> === কোফুন যুগ (৩০০–৫৩৮ খ্ৰীষ্টাব্দ) === {{Image frame|content= <gallery mode=packed heights=250> File:Japanese Figurines (30028363686).jpg|সংগ্ৰহালয়-পুনৰ্নিৰ্মাণৰ মূৰ্তি (ধৰ্মীয় অনুষ্ঠান পৰিচালনা কৰা; নোট শ্বাইড) File:HaniwaChieftainIbaraki500CE.jpg|{{transliteration|ja|হানিৱা ফিগাৰ File:Japanese Figure (30062324725).jpg|পুনৰ্গঠন File:Japanese Figure (29435641613).jpg|{{transliteration|ja|পুনৰ্গঠনৰ সৈতে হানিৱাৰ মূৰ্তি File:Haniwa, Tomb Culture 300-500 AD, Honshu, Japan - AMNH - DSC06256.JPG|ৰঙা ৰঞ্জক পদাৰ্থৰে সজাই তোলা হোনছুৰ পৰা অহা চিত্ৰ (পুনৰ্নিৰ্মাণ?)। File:Yokohama Silk Museum 043.JPG File:Yokohama Silk Museum 045.JPG|{{transliteration|ja|পুনৰ্গঠনৰ সৈতে হানিৱাৰ মূৰ্তি File:Yokohama Silk Museum 044.JPG File:Periodo kofun, haniwa, donna, VI sec, 01.JPG|ষষ্ঠ শতিকাৰ চিত্ৰ File:Tanko-Armor-Kofun-Period-by-Sugiyama-Sueo.png|[[Tankō|পাতল কৱচ]] File:Wrestler, 5th-6th century AD, Japan, earthenware - Art Institute of Chicago - DSC00112.JPG|কঁকালৰ কাপোৰত চিত্ৰ </gallery> |caption=|border=no|align=right}} খ্ৰীষ্টীয় ৫ম শতিকালৈকে জাপানত পিন্ধা কাপোৰৰ কলাত্মক প্ৰমাণ কম।<ref> Kennedy, Alan. "Japanese Traditional Dress and Adornment". LoveToKnow.</ref> হানিৱাৰ ওপৰত ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা মাটিৰ ভাস্কৰ্য্যৰপৰা কোফুন যুগৰ কাপোৰৰ বিষয়ে জনা যায়।<ref> Department of Asian Art. "Kofun Period (ca. 300–710)". www.metmuseum.org. MET Museum.</ref> এইবোৰ ৫ম আৰু ষষ্ঠ শতিকাত ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হৈছিল, যদিও বেছিভাগ হানিৱাৰ ওপৰত কোনো ভাস্কৰ্য্য নাই।<ref> Department of Asian Art. "Kofun Period (ca. 300–710)". www.metmuseum.org. MET Museum.</ref> এই ভাস্কৰ্য্যৰবোৰে সম্ভৱতঃ দৈনন্দিন সাজ-পোছাকক প্ৰতিনিধিত্ব নকৰে; ই ঘোঁৰাত উঠি যুদ্ধ কৰাসকলক প্ৰতিনিধিত্ব কৰিব পাৰে। বহুতে কৱচ পিন্ধে।<ref> Kennedy, Alan. "Japanese Traditional Dress and Adornment". LoveToKnow.</ref> কোফুন যুগত, পোছাকৰ সোঁফালটো বাওঁফালৰ ওপৰত জাপি দি পিন্ধা হৈছিল (চীনৰ দৰে নহয়), আৰু এই জাপি দিয়া অংশটো সোঁফালে ফিতাৰে বন্ধা হৈছিল। হাত আৰু পটলুংবোৰ চুঙা আকৃতিৰ আছিল। মহিলাসকলে প্ৰায়ে স্কাৰ্ট পৰিধান কৰিছিল, আনহাতে পুৰুষসকলে আঁঠুৰ অলপ তলত গাৰ্টাৰে বন্ধা পটলুং পিন্ধিছিল, যাতে সেইবোৰ আঁঠুৰ ওপৰত ফুলি থাকে আৰু মুক্তভাৱে চলাচল কৰাত সুবিধা হয়। 'মো' নামৰ মেৰিয়াই পিন্ধা স্কাৰ্টবোৰ পুৰুষ আৰু মহিলা উভয়ে পিন্ধিছিল, কেতিয়াবা এইবোৰ হাকামাৰ (এৱিধ জাপানী পটলুং) ওপৰতো পৰিধান কৰা হৈছিল।<ref>Kennedy, Alan. [https://fashion-history.lovetoknow.com/clothing-around-world/japanese-traditional-dress-adornment "Japanese Traditional Dress and Adornment"]. LoveToKnow.</ref><ref>[https://www.iz2.or.jp/english/fukusyoku/fukusei/index.htm "The Costume Museum - The Rebirth of The Tale of Genji".] www.iz2.or.jp. The Costume Museum, Kyoto. Retrieved 16 October 2021. See "Explanation" button for relevant costumes.</ref> কোফুন যুগত চীনা দূতসকলৰ জৰিয়তে জাপানলৈ পৰম্পৰাগত চীনা পোছাকৰ পৰিচয় ঘটিছিল। দুই দেশৰ মাজত হোৱা প্ৰব্ৰজন আৰু টাং ৰাজবংশৰ ৰাজসভালৈ যোৱা দূতসকলৰ ফলত চীনা শৈলীৰ সাজ-পাৰ, ৰূপ আৰু সংস্কৃতি জাপানী ৰাজকীয় সমাজত অত্যন্ত জনপ্ৰিয় হৈ পৰিছিল। জাপানী সাম্ৰাজ্যবাদী ৰাজসভাই অতি ক্ষিপ্ৰতাৰে চীনা শৈলীৰ সাজ-পাৰ আৰু পোছাক গ্ৰহণ কৰিছিল। খ্ৰীষ্টীয় চতুৰ্থ শতিকাৰ আৰম্ভণিতে জাপানৰ পুৰোহিত-ৰাণী আৰু জনজাতীয় মুৰব্বীসকলৰ ছবিত তেওঁলোকক চীনৰ হান ৰাজবংশৰ দৰে একে ধৰণৰ পোছাক পিন্ধা দেখা গৈছিল। শ্বুছুইন মন্দিৰত সংৰক্ষিত 'শ্বিবুৰী' টাই-ডাই কাপোৰৰ আটাইতকৈ পুৰণি নমুনাৰ উৎস চীন দেশ বুলি প্ৰমাণ পোৱা গৈছে, কাৰণ সেই সময়ত এনে কাপোৰ উৎপাদন কৰাৰ বাবে জাপানৰ সক্ষমতা সীমিত আছিল<ref>Wada, Yoshiko Iwamoto; Rice, Mary Kellogg; Barton, Jane (2011). Shibori: The Inventive Art of Japanese Shaped Resist Dyeing (3rd ed.). New York: Kodansha USA, Inc. pp. 11–13. [[আন্তৰ্জাতিক মান গ্ৰন্থ সংখ্যা|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-56836-396-7|978-1-56836-396-7.]]</ref> (চাওক: [[:en:Tanmono|তানমোনো]])। === অশোক যুগ (৫৩৮–৭১০ খ্ৰীষ্টাব্দ)=== অশোক যুগৰ আৰম্ভণি হৈছিল বৌদ্ধ ধৰ্মৰ প্ৰৱৰ্তনৰ লগে লগে, আৰু জাপানত চীনা আখৰৰ লিখা ব্যৱস্থাৰ পৰা; এই সময়ছোৱাত জাপানৰ ওপৰত চীনৰ প্ৰভাৱ যথেষ্ট শক্তিশালী আছিল।<ref> Kennedy, Alan. "Japanese Traditional Dress and Adornment". LoveToKnow.</ref> সম্ৰাজ্ঞী ছুইকোৰ (৫৯৩–৬২৮) ৰাজত্বকালত টেনজুকোকু শ্বুচো মণ্ডলাত দেখুওৱা চিত্ৰসমূহৰপৰা বিচাৰ কৰিলে পুৰুষ আৰু মহিলাৰ দৰবাৰৰ সাজ-পোছাক অতি মিল আছিল। দুয়োজনে ঘূৰণীয়া ডিঙিৰ সন্মুখত ফাষ্টনিং হো পিন্ধিছিল আৰু ইয়াৰ ওপৰত উপৰা-উপৰি নোহোৱাকৈ লেপেল আছিল, সন্মুখত কলাৰ আৰু কফত কাপোৰৰ প্ৰান্ত আছিল, সম্ভৱতঃ এটা তলৰ কাপোৰ; আঁঠুৰ দৈৰ্ঘ্যৰ ওপৰৰ ৰান স্কাৰ্টটোৰ এটা মিল থকা প্ৰান্ত আছিল। ৰানৰ তলত আৰু তাৰ তললৈ প্ৰায় আঁঠুৰ দৈৰ্ঘ্যলৈকে বিস্তৃত হৈ হিৰামি নামৰ অধিক গধুৰভাৱে প্লিট কৰা কনট্ৰাষ্টেণ্ট স্কাৰ্ট পিন্ধিছিল। হিৰামিৰ তলত পুৰুষে সংকীৰ্ণ হাকামা পিন্ধিছিল যাৰ তলৰ প্ৰান্তৰ বিপৰীত আৰু মহিলাসকলে পিছলৈ যাবলৈ যথেষ্ট দীঘলকৈ প্লিটেড মো পিন্ধিছিল।<ref> "The Costume Museum - The Rebirth of The Tale of Genji". www.iz2.or.jp. The Costume Museum, Kyoto. Retrieved 16 October 2021. See "Explanation" button for relevant costumes.</ref> ==তথ্য সংগ্ৰহ== {{ৰেফলিষ্ট}} [[শ্ৰেণী:পোছাক]] [[শ্ৰেণী:জাপান]] [[শ্ৰেণী:চমু বৰ্ণনা থকা প্ৰবন্ধসমূহ]] nf7maxe3lehf8zm7w2wnkehgpf1ygn3 605956 605955 2026-05-12T10:21:37Z যদুমণি 32127 /* অশোক যুগ (৫৩৮–৭১০ খ্ৰীষ্টাব্দ) */ 605956 wikitext text/x-wiki {{সম্পাদনা দ্বন্দ্ব}} [[File:Man-and-lady-kimono.JPG|thumb|upright|পৰম্পৰাগত কাপোৰ পিন্ধা জাপানৰ ওছাকা চহৰত তোলা এজন পুৰুষ আৰু এগৰাকী মহিলাৰ ফটো]] জাপানত সাধাৰণতে দুইপ্ৰকাৰৰ কাপোৰ পিন্ধা হয়: জাপানৰ পৰম্পৰাগত কাপোৰ ৱাফুকু (和服, wafuku) আৰু পশ্চিমীয়া কাপোৰ (洋服, yōfuku)। জাতীয় সাজ কিমোনো হৈছে ৱাফুকু(和服, wafuku) আৰু জাপানৰ পৰম্পৰাগত সাজ-পোছাক হিচাপে স্বীকৃতি নোপোৱা বাকী সকলো ধৰণৰ পশ্চিমীয়া কাপোৰক ইৱফুকু (洋服, yōfuku) বুলি ধৰা হয়। পৰম্পৰাগত জাপানৰ পোছাক-পৰিচ্ছদে দেশৰ সংস্কৃতিৰ ইতিহাসক দীৰ্ঘদিন ধৰি প্ৰতিনিধিত্ব কৰি আহিছে। ইয়াত হেইয়ান যুগত বিকশিত ৰঙৰ সঁফুৰা, টাং বংশৰ কাপোৰ আৰু সাংস্কৃতিক পৰম্পৰাৰপৰা গ্ৰহণ কৰা চিলোৱাট, জাপানী সংস্কৃতি, প্ৰকৃতি আৰু পৰম্পৰাগত সাহিত্যৰপৰা আহৰণ কৰা বুটা, কিছুমান কাপোৰৰ বাবে ৰেচমৰ ব্যৱহাৰ আৰু ইডো যুগৰ শেষৰফালে মূলতঃ সম্পূৰ্ণৰূপে বিকাশ হোৱা পৰিধানৰ শৈলী আদি অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত। পৰম্পৰাগত জাপানী ফেশ্বনৰ আটাইতকৈ পৰিচিত ৰূপটো হৈছে কিমোনো। কিমোনো শব্দটোৰ আক্ষৰিক অৰ্থ হৈছে "পিন্ধিবলগীয়া কিবা এটা" বা "কান্ধত পিন্ধা বস্তু।" <ref> Assmann, Stephanie. "Between Tradition and Innovation: The Reinvention of the Kimono in Japanese Consumer Culture." Fashion Theory: The Journal of Dress, Body & Culture 12, no. 3 (September 2008): 359-376. Art & Architecture Source, EBSCOhost (accessed November 1, 2016)</ref> আনপ্ৰকাৰৰ পৰম্পৰাগত ফেশ্বনৰ ভিতৰত আইনু জনগোষ্ঠীৰ কাপোৰ (আট্টুছ নামেৰে জনাজাত)<ref> "Ryukyu and Ainu Textiles". kyohaku.go.jp. Kyoto National Museum. Archived from the original on 10 July 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.</ref> আৰু ৰ্যুকিউয়ান জনগোষ্ঠীৰ কাপোৰ যিটো ৰ্যুছ' (琉装) নামেৰে জনাজাত,<ref> Boivin, Mai (22 April 2013). "Okinawa Traditional Costume – Ryuso". insideokinawa.wordpress.com. Archived from the original on 18 October 2016. Retrieved 10 July 2020.</ref><ref> "Traditional Costume that Represents Okinawa's Culture and National Features, the "Ryusou"". okinawatravelinfo.com. Archived from the original on 14 July 2016.</ref> ইয়াৰ ভিতৰত আটাইতকৈ উল্লেখযোগ্য হ'ল ৰ্যুকিউ দ্বীপপুঞ্জত উৎপাদিত বিংগাটা আৰু বাশ্বফু<ref> "Ryukyu and Ainu Textiles". kyohaku.go.jp. Kyoto National Museum. Archived from the original on 10 July 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.</ref> হ'ল পৰম্পৰাগত কাপোৰ। আধুনিক জাপানী ফেশ্বনত বেছিভাগেই 'য়োফুকু' (পশ্চিমীয়া পোছাক) অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত, যদিও বহুতো প্ৰখ্যাত জাপানী ফেশ্বন ডিজাইনাৰ—যেনে ইছেই মিয়াক, ইয়োজী য়ামামোটো আৰু ৰেই কাৱাকুবোৱে —পৰম্পৰাগত ফেশ্বনৰ পৰা অনুপ্ৰাণিত হৈছে আৰু কেতিয়াবা পৰম্পৰাগত প্ৰভাৱ থকা পোছাক ডিজাইন কৰিছে। তেওঁলোকৰ কামসমূহে বিশ্বব্যাপী ফেশ্বন উদ্যোগত এক সন্মিলিত প্ৰভাৱ পেলাইছে আৰু তেওঁলোকৰ বহুতো কৃতি বিশ্বৰ বিভিন্ন প্ৰান্তৰ ফেশ্বন শ্ব'ত প্ৰদৰ্শিত হৈছে। লগতে, তেওঁলোকে স্বয়ং জাপানী ফেশ্বন উদ্যোগটোৰ ওপৰতো প্ৰভাৱ পেলাইছে, য'ত বহুতো ডিজাইনাৰে জাপানী 'ষ্ট্ৰীট ফেশ্বন'ৰ পৰা সমল আহৰণ কৰিছে অথবা ইয়াত অৰিহণা যোগাইছে। পৰম্পৰাগত জাপানী পোছাক-পৰিচ্ছদে এক ভিন্ন সংস্কৃতিৰ প্ৰতিনিধিত্ব হিচাপে পশ্চিমীয়া বিশ্বত ব্যাপক আকৰ্ষণ লাভ কৰিছে। ১৮৬০-ৰ দশকত পোনপ্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে জনপ্ৰিয়তা লাভ কৰা 'জাপানিজিম' ধাৰাৰ অধীনত পশ্চিমীয়া দেশসমূহলৈ পৰম্পৰাগত পোছাক ৰপ্তানি কৰা হৈছিল—ইয়াৰে কিছুমান পোছাক কেৱল ৰপ্তানিৰ বাবে নিৰ্মাণ কৰা হৈছিল যিবোৰ জাপানী লোকসকলে দৈনন্দিন পিন্ধা পোছাকতকৈ গঠনশৈলীত পৃথক আছিল। অতি সোনকালেই এইসমূহ পশ্চিমৰ শিল্পী আৰু ফেশ্বন ডিজাইনাৰসকলৰ মাজত জনপ্ৰিয় হৈ পৰিছিল। জাপানী পোছাকৰ প্ৰতি থকা এই আকৰ্ষণ দ্বিতীয় বিশ্বযুদ্ধৰ সময়লৈকেও অব্যাহত আছিল, যি সময়ত "গেইশা গাৰ্লছ" (geisha girls)-ৰ দৰে জাপানী সংস্কৃতিৰ কিছুমান গতানুগতিক ধাৰণা বহুলভাৱে বিয়পি পৰিছিল। সময়ৰ লগে লগে, পৰম্পৰাগত আৰু আধুনিক জাপানী পোছাকক লৈ গঢ়ি উঠা আগ্ৰহ তথা চিত্ৰায়ণে সাংস্কৃতিক আত্মসাৎ আৰু পোছাকৰ জৰিয়তে কোনো এক সংস্কৃতিক কিদৰে গতানুগতিক বা সংকীৰ্ণ ৰূপত উপস্থাপন কৰিব পাৰি, সেই সন্দৰ্ভত বিতৰ্কৰ সূচনা কৰিছে। ২০১৬ চনত বষ্টন মিউজিয়াম অৱ আৰ্টছত আয়োজিত "কিমোনো ৱেডনেচডে" অনুষ্ঠানটো ইয়াৰ এক অন্যতম উদাহৰণ হৈ পৰিছিল।<ref>Valk, Julie. "The 'Kimono Wednesday' protests: identity politics and how the kimono became more than Japanese." Asian Ethnologyno. 2 (2015): 379. Literature Resource Center, EBSCOhost (accessed October 31, 2016).</ref> ==ইতিহাস== === য়ায়োই যুগ (নৱপ্ৰস্তৰ যুগৰপৰা লোহা যুগ)=== [[File:Yayoi people attires.JPG|thumb|পুনৰ তৈয়াৰ কৰি উলিওৱা য়ায়োই কাপোৰ]] য়ায়োই যুগৰ সাজ-পোছাকৰ বিষয়ে বহু কমকৈ জনা যায়। তৃতীয় শতিকাৰ ৱেইজি ৱৰেনচুয়ান (魏志倭人伝 (গিচি ৱাজিণ্ডেন), চীনা পণ্ডিত চেন শ্বৌৱেৰ সংকলিত তিনিখন ৰাজ্যৰ বিষয়ে লিখা এটা অংশত<ref> 魏志倭人伝 Archived 2010-10-16 at the Wayback Machine, Chinese texts and its Japanese translation</ref> জাপানত পিন্ধা কাপোৰৰ কিছু বৰ্ণনা আছে। ইয়াত বহল কাপোৰ (সম্ভৱতঃ দুগুণ প্ৰস্থ)ৰ বৰ্ণনা কৰা হৈছে, যিটো কঁকাল আৰু কান্ধত বান্ধি আকৃতিহীন কাপোৰ তৈয়াৰ কৰা হয়।<ref> "The Costume Museum - The Rebirth of The Tale of Genji". www.iz2.or.jp. The Costume Museum, Kyoto. Retrieved 16 October 2021. See "Explanation" button for relevant costumes.</ref> === কোফুন যুগ (৩০০–৫৩৮ খ্ৰীষ্টাব্দ) === {{Image frame|content= <gallery mode=packed heights=250> File:Japanese Figurines (30028363686).jpg|সংগ্ৰহালয়-পুনৰ্নিৰ্মাণৰ মূৰ্তি (ধৰ্মীয় অনুষ্ঠান পৰিচালনা কৰা; নোট শ্বাইড) File:HaniwaChieftainIbaraki500CE.jpg|{{transliteration|ja|হানিৱা ফিগাৰ File:Japanese Figure (30062324725).jpg|পুনৰ্গঠন File:Japanese Figure (29435641613).jpg|{{transliteration|ja|পুনৰ্গঠনৰ সৈতে হানিৱাৰ মূৰ্তি File:Haniwa, Tomb Culture 300-500 AD, Honshu, Japan - AMNH - DSC06256.JPG|ৰঙা ৰঞ্জক পদাৰ্থৰে সজাই তোলা হোনছুৰ পৰা অহা চিত্ৰ (পুনৰ্নিৰ্মাণ?)। File:Yokohama Silk Museum 043.JPG File:Yokohama Silk Museum 045.JPG|{{transliteration|ja|পুনৰ্গঠনৰ সৈতে হানিৱাৰ মূৰ্তি File:Yokohama Silk Museum 044.JPG File:Periodo kofun, haniwa, donna, VI sec, 01.JPG|ষষ্ঠ শতিকাৰ চিত্ৰ File:Tanko-Armor-Kofun-Period-by-Sugiyama-Sueo.png|[[Tankō|পাতল কৱচ]] File:Wrestler, 5th-6th century AD, Japan, earthenware - Art Institute of Chicago - DSC00112.JPG|কঁকালৰ কাপোৰত চিত্ৰ </gallery> |caption=|border=no|align=right}} খ্ৰীষ্টীয় ৫ম শতিকালৈকে জাপানত পিন্ধা কাপোৰৰ কলাত্মক প্ৰমাণ কম।<ref> Kennedy, Alan. "Japanese Traditional Dress and Adornment". LoveToKnow.</ref> হানিৱাৰ ওপৰত ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা মাটিৰ ভাস্কৰ্য্যৰপৰা কোফুন যুগৰ কাপোৰৰ বিষয়ে জনা যায়।<ref> Department of Asian Art. "Kofun Period (ca. 300–710)". www.metmuseum.org. MET Museum.</ref> এইবোৰ ৫ম আৰু ষষ্ঠ শতিকাত ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হৈছিল, যদিও বেছিভাগ হানিৱাৰ ওপৰত কোনো ভাস্কৰ্য্য নাই।<ref> Department of Asian Art. "Kofun Period (ca. 300–710)". www.metmuseum.org. MET Museum.</ref> এই ভাস্কৰ্য্যৰবোৰে সম্ভৱতঃ দৈনন্দিন সাজ-পোছাকক প্ৰতিনিধিত্ব নকৰে; ই ঘোঁৰাত উঠি যুদ্ধ কৰাসকলক প্ৰতিনিধিত্ব কৰিব পাৰে। বহুতে কৱচ পিন্ধে।<ref> Kennedy, Alan. "Japanese Traditional Dress and Adornment". LoveToKnow.</ref> কোফুন যুগত, পোছাকৰ সোঁফালটো বাওঁফালৰ ওপৰত জাপি দি পিন্ধা হৈছিল (চীনৰ দৰে নহয়), আৰু এই জাপি দিয়া অংশটো সোঁফালে ফিতাৰে বন্ধা হৈছিল। হাত আৰু পটলুংবোৰ চুঙা আকৃতিৰ আছিল। মহিলাসকলে প্ৰায়ে স্কাৰ্ট পৰিধান কৰিছিল, আনহাতে পুৰুষসকলে আঁঠুৰ অলপ তলত গাৰ্টাৰে বন্ধা পটলুং পিন্ধিছিল, যাতে সেইবোৰ আঁঠুৰ ওপৰত ফুলি থাকে আৰু মুক্তভাৱে চলাচল কৰাত সুবিধা হয়। 'মো' নামৰ মেৰিয়াই পিন্ধা স্কাৰ্টবোৰ পুৰুষ আৰু মহিলা উভয়ে পিন্ধিছিল, কেতিয়াবা এইবোৰ হাকামাৰ (এৱিধ জাপানী পটলুং) ওপৰতো পৰিধান কৰা হৈছিল।<ref>Kennedy, Alan. [https://fashion-history.lovetoknow.com/clothing-around-world/japanese-traditional-dress-adornment "Japanese Traditional Dress and Adornment"]. LoveToKnow.</ref><ref>[https://www.iz2.or.jp/english/fukusyoku/fukusei/index.htm "The Costume Museum - The Rebirth of The Tale of Genji".] www.iz2.or.jp. The Costume Museum, Kyoto. Retrieved 16 October 2021. See "Explanation" button for relevant costumes.</ref> কোফুন যুগত চীনা দূতসকলৰ জৰিয়তে জাপানলৈ পৰম্পৰাগত চীনা পোছাকৰ পৰিচয় ঘটিছিল। দুই দেশৰ মাজত হোৱা প্ৰব্ৰজন আৰু টাং ৰাজবংশৰ ৰাজসভালৈ যোৱা দূতসকলৰ ফলত চীনা শৈলীৰ সাজ-পাৰ, ৰূপ আৰু সংস্কৃতি জাপানী ৰাজকীয় সমাজত অত্যন্ত জনপ্ৰিয় হৈ পৰিছিল। জাপানী সাম্ৰাজ্যবাদী ৰাজসভাই অতি ক্ষিপ্ৰতাৰে চীনা শৈলীৰ সাজ-পাৰ আৰু পোছাক গ্ৰহণ কৰিছিল। খ্ৰীষ্টীয় চতুৰ্থ শতিকাৰ আৰম্ভণিতে জাপানৰ পুৰোহিত-ৰাণী আৰু জনজাতীয় মুৰব্বীসকলৰ ছবিত তেওঁলোকক চীনৰ হান ৰাজবংশৰ দৰে একে ধৰণৰ পোছাক পিন্ধা দেখা গৈছিল। শ্বুছুইন মন্দিৰত সংৰক্ষিত 'শ্বিবুৰী' টাই-ডাই কাপোৰৰ আটাইতকৈ পুৰণি নমুনাৰ উৎস চীন দেশ বুলি প্ৰমাণ পোৱা গৈছে, কাৰণ সেই সময়ত এনে কাপোৰ উৎপাদন কৰাৰ বাবে জাপানৰ সক্ষমতা সীমিত আছিল<ref>Wada, Yoshiko Iwamoto; Rice, Mary Kellogg; Barton, Jane (2011). Shibori: The Inventive Art of Japanese Shaped Resist Dyeing (3rd ed.). New York: Kodansha USA, Inc. pp. 11–13. [[আন্তৰ্জাতিক মান গ্ৰন্থ সংখ্যা|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-56836-396-7|978-1-56836-396-7.]]</ref> (চাওক: [[:en:Tanmono|তানমোনো]])। === অশোক যুগ (৫৩৮–৭১০ খ্ৰীষ্টাব্দ)=== {{Image frame|content= <gallery mode=packed heights=250> File:Tenjyukoku embroidery (cropped to upper two thirds).jpg|টেনজুকোকু শ্বুচো মণ্ডলাৰ অংশ, সম্ৰাজ্ঞী ছুইকোৰ ৰাজত্বকালৰ এম্ব্ৰয়ডাৰী (৫৯৩–৬২৮) File:Takamat1.jpg|গগুৰিয়েও প্ৰভাৱত মহিলাৰ পোছাক, ওভাৰলেপিং কলাৰ আৰু মো স্কাৰ্টৰ সৈতে।<ref name="Jill">{{cite book |last1=Liddell |first1=Jill |title=The Story of the Kimono |date=1989 |publisher=E.P. Dutton |isbn=978-0525245742 |page=28}}</ref> (তাকামাটছুজুকা সমাধি, সপ্তম শতিকা) File:Yokohama Silk Museum 048.JPG|পূৰ্বৰ ছবিখনত আটাইতকৈ বাওঁফালৰ মূৰ্তিটোৰ পোছাকৰ প্ৰতিৰূপ; ষ্ট্ৰাইপ আৰু ফ্ৰিলৰ সৈতে ম' File:Yokohama Silk Museum 047.JPG|পূৰ্বৰ ছবিখনত কেন্দ্ৰ-সোঁফালৰ মূৰ্তিটোৰ পোছাকৰ প্ৰতিৰূপ File:Yokohama Silk Museum 046.JPG|সমসাময়িক পুৰুষৰ পোছাক, সেউজীয়া হো, বগা হাকামা, আৰু কানমুৰি টুপিৰ সৈতে। এই পুনৰ্গঠন সম্ভৱতঃ পুৰণি; মহিলাৰ সাজ-পোছাকৰ দৰে তলত চুটি প্লিটযুক্ত ফ্ৰিল থাকিব লাগে।<ref name=iz2_1/> </gallery> |border=no|align=center}} অশোক যুগৰ আৰম্ভণি হৈছিল বৌদ্ধ ধৰ্মৰ প্ৰৱৰ্তনৰ লগে লগে, আৰু জাপানত চীনা আখৰৰ লিখা ব্যৱস্থাৰ পৰা; এই সময়ছোৱাত জাপানৰ ওপৰত চীনৰ প্ৰভাৱ যথেষ্ট শক্তিশালী আছিল।<ref> Kennedy, Alan. "Japanese Traditional Dress and Adornment". LoveToKnow.</ref> সম্ৰাজ্ঞী ছুইকোৰ (৫৯৩–৬২৮) ৰাজত্বকালত টেনজুকোকু শ্বুচো মণ্ডলাত দেখুওৱা চিত্ৰসমূহৰপৰা বিচাৰ কৰিলে পুৰুষ আৰু মহিলাৰ দৰবাৰৰ সাজ-পোছাক অতি মিল আছিল। দুয়োজনে ঘূৰণীয়া ডিঙিৰ সন্মুখত ফাষ্টনিং হো পিন্ধিছিল আৰু ইয়াৰ ওপৰত উপৰা-উপৰি নোহোৱাকৈ লেপেল আছিল, সন্মুখত কলাৰ আৰু কফত কাপোৰৰ প্ৰান্ত আছিল, সম্ভৱতঃ এটা তলৰ কাপোৰ; আঁঠুৰ দৈৰ্ঘ্যৰ ওপৰৰ ৰান স্কাৰ্টটোৰ এটা মিল থকা প্ৰান্ত আছিল। ৰানৰ তলত আৰু তাৰ তললৈ প্ৰায় আঁঠুৰ দৈৰ্ঘ্যলৈকে বিস্তৃত হৈ হিৰামি নামৰ অধিক গধুৰভাৱে প্লিট কৰা কনট্ৰাষ্টেণ্ট স্কাৰ্ট পিন্ধিছিল। হিৰামিৰ তলত পুৰুষে সংকীৰ্ণ হাকামা পিন্ধিছিল যাৰ তলৰ প্ৰান্তৰ বিপৰীত আৰু মহিলাসকলে পিছলৈ যাবলৈ যথেষ্ট দীঘলকৈ প্লিটেড মো পিন্ধিছিল।<ref> "The Costume Museum - The Rebirth of The Tale of Genji". www.iz2.or.jp. The Costume Museum, Kyoto. Retrieved 16 October 2021. See "Explanation" button for relevant costumes.</ref> ==তথ্য সংগ্ৰহ== {{ৰেফলিষ্ট}} [[শ্ৰেণী:পোছাক]] [[শ্ৰেণী:জাপান]] [[শ্ৰেণী:চমু বৰ্ণনা থকা প্ৰবন্ধসমূহ]] ckx3hw36q1awwicfwa21uvzr7s4qpmm 0 128560 605877 605361 2026-05-11T16:08:31Z যদুমণি 32127 অনুবাদ কৰি থকা হৈছে 605877 wikitext text/x-wiki {{সম্পাদনা দ্বন্দ্ব}} {{Infobox bridge | bridge_name = বান্দ্ৰা-ৱৰ্লী সাগৰীয় সংযোগ | image = Bandra–Worli Sea Link.jpg | caption = বান্দ্ৰা দুৰ্গৰ পৰা দৃশ্য | official_name = ৰাজীৱ গান্ধী সাগৰীয় সংযোগ | other_name = | carries = ৮-লেন (প্ৰতি দিশত ৪খনকৈ লেন) | crosses = মহিম উপসাগৰ | location = [[মুম্বাই]], [[মহাৰাষ্ট্ৰ]], [[ভাৰত]] | owner = মহাৰাষ্ট্ৰ চৰকাৰ | maint = মহাৰাষ্ট্ৰ ৰাজ্যিক পথ উন্নয়ন নিগম (MSRDC) | designer = আকাশ বেনাৰ্জী | engineering = | design = কেবল্-ষ্টেইড্ (Cable-stayed) মুখ্য স্পেন; দুয়োটা মূৰে কংক্ৰিট-তীখাৰ প্ৰিকাষ্ট চেগমেণ্ট ভায়াডাক্ট | material = | length = ৫.৬ কি:মি: | width = ২ x ২০ মিটাৰ | height = ১২৬ মিটাৰ | mainspan = ২ x ২৫০ মিটাৰ | spans = | pierswater = | load = | clearance = | builder = হিন্দুস্তান কনষ্ট্ৰাকশ্যন কোম্পানী (HCC India) | fabricator = | begin = ২০০০ | complete = ৩০ জুন, ২০০৯ | cost = | open = ২৪ মাৰ্চ, ২০১০ | inaugurated = | toll = ৮৫ টকা (গাড়ী) <br /> ১১০ টকা (LCV) <br /> ১৪৫ টকা (গধুৰ বাহন) | traffic = | preceded = | followed = | heritage = | collapsed = | closed = | replaces = | coordinates = {{coord|19.0364|72.8172|region:IN_scale:10000_type:landmark|display=inline,title}} | mapframe-marker = bridge }} '''ৰাজীৱ গান্ধী সাগৰীয় সেতু'''<ref name=toi-naming>{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/Bandra-Worli-sealink-named-Rajiv-Gandhi-Sealink/articleshow/4753472.cms | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121025135739/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-07-08/mumbai/28209337_1_bandra-worli-sealink-rajiv-gandhi-sealink-haji-ali | url-status=live | archive-date=25 October 2012 | title = Bandra-Worli sealink named 'Rajiv Gandhi Sealink'|date=8 July 2009|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=23 August 2009}}</ref> বা '''বান্দ্ৰা–ৱৰ্লি সাগৰীয় সংযোগ''' হৈছে ৫.৬ কিলোমিটাৰ দীঘল, ৮ লেন বহল কেবল ষ্টেড দলং যিয়ে মুম্বাইৰ পশ্চিম উপকণ্ঠ অঞ্চলৰ বান্দ্ৰাক দক্ষিণ মুম্বাইৰ ৱৰ্লিৰ সৈতে সংযোগ কৰে। ই মুম্বাই ট্ৰেন্স হাৰ্বাৰ লিংকৰ পিছত দ্বিতীয় দীঘলীয়া সাগৰীয় দলং, লগতে মুম্বাই ট্ৰেন্স হাৰ্বাৰ লিংক, ভূপেন হাজৰিকা সেতু, দিবাং ৰিভাৰ ব্ৰীজ আৰু মহাত্মা গান্ধী সেতুৰ পিছত ভাৰতৰ ৫ম দীঘলীয়া দলং। ইয়াৰ দুয়োফালে প্ৰি-ষ্ট্ৰেছড কংক্ৰিট-ষ্টীলৰ ভায়াডাক্ট থাকে।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bandra Worli Sea Link |url=https://www.tylin.com/work/projects/bandra-worli-sea-link |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231209181856/https://www.tylin.com/work/projects/bandra-worli-sea-link |archive-date=2023-12-09 |access-date=2024-06-22 |website=[[T. Y. Lin International]]}}</ref> ইয়াক প্ৰস্তাৱিত পশ্চিম ফ্ৰীৱে'ৰ অংশ হিচাপে পৰিকল্পনা কৰা হৈছিল যিয়ে পশ্চিম উপকণ্ঠ অঞ্চলক মুম্বাইৰ মূল ব্যৱসায়িক জিলাৰ নৰিমান পইণ্টৰ সৈতে সংযোগ কৰিব, কিন্তু এতিয়া ইয়াক কাণ্ডীৱলীলৈ যোৱা উপকূলীয় পথৰ অংশ হিচাপে লোৱাৰ পৰিকল্পনা কৰা হৈছে।<ref>{{Cite news |last=Fernandes |first=Jocelyn |date=2024-03-12 |title=Mumbai Coastal Road opens to the public today: Features, toll, route to use and more. Check details here |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/mumbai-coastal-road-opens-to-the-public-today-features-toll-route-to-use-and-more-check-details-here-11710222481009.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240312072650/https://www.livemint.com/news/india/mumbai-coastal-road-opens-to-the-public-today-features-toll-route-to-use-and-more-check-details-here-11710222481009.html |archive-date=2024-03-12 |access-date=2024-06-22 |work=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]]}}</ref> [[File:Bandra Worli Sealink Reflection.jpg|thumb| বান্দ্ৰা-ৱৰ্লি সাগৰীয় সংযোগ প্ৰাথমিক বাৰিষাৰ সময়ত]] ৫.৬ কিলোমিটাৰ (৩.৫ মাইল) দৈৰ্ঘ্যৰ এই দলংখন মহাৰাষ্ট্ৰ ৰাজ্যিক পথ উন্নয়ন নিগমৰ (এমএছআৰডিচি)ৰ কাম আৰম্ভ কৰিছিল, আৰু হিন্দুস্তান কনষ্ট্ৰাকচন কোম্পানীয়ে নিৰ্মাণ কৰিছিল। ২০০৯ চনৰ ৩০ জুনত দলংখনৰ আঠটা লেনৰ ভিতৰত প্ৰথম চাৰিটা লেন জনসাধাৰণৰ বাবে মুকলি কৰা হয়।<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bandraworlisealink.com/details.html |title=Refer to Package IV – Project Status |publisher=Bandraworlisealink.com |date=1 July 2009 |access-date=31 August 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100724044455/http://bandraworlisealink.com/details.html |archive-date=24 July 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref>২০১০ চনৰ ২৪ মাৰ্চৰ পৰা আটাইকেইটা লেন কাৰ্যক্ষম হয়। সাগৰীয় সংযোগে বান্দ্ৰা আৰু ৱৰ্লিৰ মাজত শীৰ্ষ সময়ত যাত্ৰাৰ সময় ২০ – ৩০ মিনিটৰ পৰা ১০ মিনিটলৈ হ্ৰাস কৰে।<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/bandra-worli-sea-link-extendedto-haji-ali/323162/ |title=Bandra-Worli sea link extended up to Haji Ali |work=Business Standard |date=16 May 2008 |access-date=31 August 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607184945/http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/bandra-worli-sea-link-extendedto-haji-ali/323162/ |archive-date=7 June 2011 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> ২০১৮ চনলৈকে বি ডব্লিউ এছ এলৰ গড় দৈনিক প্ৰায় ৩২,৩১২ খন বাহনৰ যাতায়ত আছিল।<ref>{{cite news|author=Chittaranjan Tembhekar |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/Sea-link-finances-cause-concern/articleshow/5079109.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121025135754/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-10-02/mumbai/28088251_1_bandra-worli-sea-link-toll-collection-msrdc |url-status=live |archive-date=25 October 2012 |title=Sea link finances cause concern – Mumbai – City |date=2 October 2009 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=3 August 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sharma |first=R |date=30 April 2018 |title=Bandra-Worli sea link: Traffic falls 13% in 2017-18 |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/business/roadways-bandra-worli-sea-link-traffic-falls-13-in-2017-18-1150211/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230505102444/https://www.financialexpress.com/business/roadways-bandra-worli-sea-link-traffic-falls-13-in-2017-18-1150211/ |archive-date=5 May 2023 |access-date=5 May 2023 |website=Financial Express}}</ref> ==ইতিহাস== মহিম ক’জৱে আছিল পশ্চিম উপকণ্ঠ অঞ্চলক [[মুম্বাই]]ৰ কেন্দ্ৰীয় ব্যৱসায়িক জিলাৰ সৈতে সংযোগ কৰা একমাত্ৰ পথ। এই উত্তৰ-দক্ষিণ-পশ্চিম কৰিড’ৰটো বটলনেকত পৰিণত হৈছিল আৰু ভিৰ হোৱা সময়ত ই অত্যন্ত জনবহুল হৈ পৰিছিল। ৱেষ্টাৰ্ণ ফ্ৰীৱে প্ৰকল্পটোৱে মুম্বাইৰ সমগ্ৰ পশ্চিম উপকূলটোক সামৰি লোৱাৰ প্ৰস্তাৱ দিয়া হৈছিল যাতে যানজঁট লাঘৱ হয়। এই ফ্ৰীৱে' ব্যৱস্থাৰ প্ৰথম পৰ্যায় হিচাপে মাহিম উপসাগৰৰ ওপৰত থকা বান্দ্ৰা–ৱৰ্লি ছি লিংক নামৰ এখন দলং প্ৰস্তাৱ কৰা হৈছিল, যিয়ে মাহিম ক'জৱেলৈ বিকল্প পথ প্ৰদান কৰিছিল।<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kingdang |first=Shubra |last2=Diwanji |first2=S |last3=Kaul |first3=Rakesh |last4=Gower |first4=Len |date=2009-11-30 |title=Making of Bandra-Worli Sea Link |url=https://mycoordinates.org/making-of-bandra-worli-sea-link/all/1/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100118080143/http://mycoordinates.org/making-of-bandra-worli-sea-link/all/1 |archive-date=2010-01-18 |access-date=2024-06-22 |website=Coordinates}}</ref> এই দলংখনে বান্দ্ৰাৰ ৱেষ্টাৰ্ণ এক্সপ্ৰেছ হাইৱে আৰু স্বামী বিবেকানন্দ ৰোডৰ সংযোগস্থল ৱৰ্লিৰ খান আব্দুল গফ্ফাৰ খান ৰোডৰ সৈতে সংযোগ কৰে। ৱৰ্লি ছিফেচৰ পৰা মুম্বাইৰ ধমনী এনি বেছাণ্ট ৰোডৰ সৈতে সংযোগ হয়। [[মহাৰাষ্ট্ৰ]] ৰাজ্যিক পথ উন্নয়ন নিগম লিমিটেড (এম এছ আৰ ডি চি)ৰ উদ্যোগত এই প্ৰকল্পৰ কাম আৰম্ভ হৈছিল। নিৰ্মাণৰ ঠিকা হিন্দুস্তান কনষ্ট্ৰাকচন কোম্পানী (HCC)ক দিয়া হয়, প্ৰকল্প পৰিচালনাৰ নেতৃত্বত ব্ৰিটেইনৰ দাৰ আল-হাণ্ডাছাহৰ কাৰ্যালয়।<ref>{{Citation|last=luckystreak03|title=Bandra Worli Sea Link|date=2007-03-11|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DVJGxnfrWno|access-date=2018-03-20|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160411205516/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DVJGxnfrWno|archive-date=11 April 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref> ১৯৯৯ চনত বসিত আচাৰৱালাই আধাৰশিলা স্থাপন কৰিছিল। মূল পৰিকল্পনাত ৬.৬ বিলিয়ন ₹ (৭৮ মিলিয়ন মাৰ্কিন ডলাৰ) খৰচ হ'ব বুলি অনুমান কৰা হৈছিল যিটো পাঁচ বছৰৰ ভিতৰত সম্পূৰ্ণ হ'ব।<ref name=dna-lookback-5>{{cite news|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/slideshow_looking-back-frustration-and-elation-of-building-the-bandra-worli-sea-link_1560872-5#top|title=Looking back: Frustration and elation of building the Bandra Worli Sea Link – Slide 5|newspaper=DNA India|date=30 June 2011|access-date=8 September 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110808214645/http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/slideshow_looking-back-frustration-and-elation-of-building-the-bandra-worli-sea-link_1560872-5#top|archive-date=8 August 2011|df=dmy-all}}</ref> কিন্তু প্ৰকল্পটোৰ বাবে বহুতো জনস্বাৰ্থৰ মামলা চলিছিল, ৫ বছৰৰ পলমৰ ফলত খৰচ ১৬ বিলিয়ন ₹ (১৯ কোটি মাৰ্কিন ডলাৰ) লৈ বৃদ্ধি পাইছিল,<ref name="dna-https://www.youtube.com/watch?v">{{cite news|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/slideshow_looking-back-frustration-and-elation-of-building-the-bandra-worli-sea-link_1560872-4#top|title=Looking back: Frustration and elation of building the Bandra Worli Sea Link – Slide 4|newspaper=DNA India|date=30 June 2011|access-date=8 September 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811105652/http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/slideshow_looking-back-frustration-and-elation-of-building-the-bandra-worli-sea-link_1560872-4#top|archive-date=11 August 2011|df=dmy-all}}</ref> কেৱল অতিৰিক্ত সুতৰ খৰচ ₹৭ বিলিয়ন (৮৩ মিলিয়ন মাৰ্কিন ডলাৰ)।<ref name=dna-lookback-5/> ==পৰিকল্পনা== সামগ্ৰিক প্ৰকল্পটো পাঁচটা অংশৰে গঠিত আছিল, সামগ্ৰিক সময়সূচী ত্বৰান্বিত কৰিবলৈ পৃথকে পৃথকে চুক্তিবদ্ধ কৰা হৈছিল। * '''পেকেজ I(১)''': ৱৰ্লিৰ লাভ গ্ৰ’ভ জংচনৰ ওপৰত উৰণীয়া সেতু নিৰ্মাণ। * '''পেকেজ II(২)''': বান্দ্ৰাৰ ৱেষ্টাৰ্ণ এক্সপ্ৰেছ হাইৱে আৰু এছ ভি ৰোডৰ সংযোগস্থলত ক্লভাৰলিফ ইন্টাৰচেঞ্জ নিৰ্মাণ। * '''তৃতীয় পেকেজ(৩)''': আদান-প্ৰদানৰ পৰা বান্দ্ৰা ফালে টোল প্লাজালৈকে ৰাজহুৱা প্ৰমেনেডৰ সৈতে কঠিন এপ্ৰ’চ পথ নিৰ্মাণ *'''পেকেজ IV(৪)''': বান্দ্ৰাৰ শেষৰ ফালে ৱৰ্লিৰ পৰা টোল প্লাজালৈকে উত্তৰ আৰু দক্ষিণৰ ভায়াডাক্টৰ সৈতে কেন্দ্ৰীয় কেবল-ষ্টেড স্পেন নিৰ্মাণ। * '''পেকেজ V(৫)''': খান আব্দুল গফ্ফৰ খান পথৰ উন্নতি। পেকেজ IV '''(৪)''' আছিল মূল পৰ্যায়, আন পেকেজসমূহে সমৰ্থনকাৰী আন্তঃগাঁথনি প্ৰদান কৰিছিল। === ভূতত্ত্ব === দলঙৰ ডিজাইন আৰম্ভ হোৱাৰ পূৰ্বে পৰিকল্পিত পথৰ অধীনত সাগৰৰ তলৰ জৰীপ কৰা হৈছিল। দলঙৰ তলৰ সাগৰীয় ভূতত্ত্ব বেছাল্ট, আগ্নেয়গিৰিৰ টাফ আৰু ব্ৰেচিয়াৰে গঠিত আৰু কিছুমান আন্তঃট্ৰেপিয়ান নিক্ষেপ আছে। এইবোৰৰ ওপৰত সম্পূৰ্ণ বতৰত ক্ষতিগ্ৰস্ত শিল আৰু অৱশিষ্ট মাটি থাকে। এই শিলবোৰৰ শক্তি অতি দুৰ্বলৰ পৰা অতি শক্তিশালী আৰু ইয়াৰ অৱস্থা অতি বতৰৰ ক্ষতিগ্ৰস্ত আৰু ভাঙি পৰাৰ পৰা আৰম্ভ কৰি সতেজ, বিশাল আৰু অক্ষতলৈকে। বতৰৰ ক্ষতিগ্ৰস্ত শিলৰ বিচনাবোৰৰ ওপৰত পৰিবহণ মাটি, চূণশিলযুক্ত বেলেগ শিল আৰু মোটা দানাযুক্ত গোটৰ পাতল বিচনাখন আৰু অধিক আবৃত। এই স্তৰবোৰৰ ওপৰত ৯ মিটাৰ ডাঠ সাগৰীয় মাটিৰ স্তৰ থাকে যিটো গাঢ় বাদামী ৰঙৰ মাটিৰ পলিৰে গঠিত আৰু তাৰ ওপৰত কিছু মিহি বালি পলিত সোমাই থকা বতৰৰ ক্ষতিগ্ৰস্ত, গাঢ় বাদামী বেছাল্টিক শিলবোৰ থাকে। === নক্সা === বিডব্লিউএসএল ভাৰতৰ মুকলি সাগৰত নিৰ্মিত প্ৰথমটো কেবল-ষ্টেইড দলং হিচাপে ডিজাইন কৰা হৈছিল। ইয়াৰ তলৰ ভূ-তাত্ত্বিক গঠনৰ বাবে, পায়লনসমূহৰ জ্যামিতি অত্যন্ত জটিল আৰু বান্দ্ৰা চেনেলৰ ওপৰত থকা মূল স্প্যানটো কংক্ৰিট ডেকৰ সহায়ত নিৰ্মাণ কৰা এতিয়ালৈকে অন্যতম দীঘল স্প্যান। এই অভিযান্ত্ৰিক জটিলতাসমূহৰ সৈতে দলংখনৰ নান্দনিকতাৰ ভাৰসাম্য ৰক্ষা কৰাটো প্ৰকল্পটোৰ বাবে এক ডাঙৰ প্ৰত্যাহ্বান আছিল। ভায়াডাক্টৰ ছুপাৰষ্ট্ৰাকচাৰসমূহ (superstructure) ভাৰতত নিৰ্মাণ কৰা আটাইতকৈ গধুৰ প্ৰি-কাষ্ট ছেগমেণ্ট আছিল। কেইবাটাও উলম্ব আৰু অনুভূমিক বক্ৰৰেখাৰ মাজেৰে অভাৰহেড গেণ্ট্ৰি ব্যৱহাৰ কৰি স্প্যান-বাই-স্প্যান পদ্ধতিৰে এইবোৰ নিৰ্মাণ কৰা হৈছিল। দলঙৰ ডেকৰ ২০,০০০ টন বান্দ্ৰা-এণ্ড স্পেন পৰিকল্পনা আৰু উচ্চতাৰ বিচ্যুতিৰ অতি ঘনিষ্ঠ সহনশীলতাৰ ভিতৰত ষ্টে কেবলৰ দ্বাৰা সমৰ্থিত। ==চিত্ৰ== <gallery> File:Mumbai Bandra-Worli Sea Link.jpg|thumb|বান্দ্ৰা–ৱৰ্লি সাগৰীয় সংযোগ File:Gateway to Connectivity The Bandra-Worli Sea Link.jpg|thumb|ৱৰ্লি আকাশৰ বিপৰীতে দেখা অগ্ৰভূমিত বি ডব্লিউ এছ এলৰ উত্তৰ ভায়াডাক্ট। বান্দ্ৰা দুৰ্গৰ পৰা দৃশ্য File:Bandra -Worli Sea Link.jpg|thumb|মাহিম উপসাগৰৰ ওপৰেৰে বিস্তৃত দাদাৰ চৌপাটিৰ পৰা বান্দ্ৰা ৱৰ্লি সাগৰীয় লিংকৰ সূৰ্যাস্তৰ দৃশ্য File:BWSL Cable Stay Bridge.jpg|thumb|বি ডব্লিউ এছ এলৰ আটাইতকৈ ডাঙৰ পাইলন টাৱাৰবোৰ ১২৮ মিটাৰ (৪২০ ফুট) উচ্চতাত </gallery> ==তথ্য সংগ্ৰহ== {{Reflist}} [[শ্ৰেণী:দলং]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ভাৰতৰ দলং]] 6nllj54fm3eyih451hi9f12mzs4bng2 605884 605877 2026-05-11T17:04:01Z যদুমণি 32127 অনুবাদ কৰি থকা হৈছে । 605884 wikitext text/x-wiki {{সম্পাদনা দ্বন্দ্ব}} {{Infobox bridge | bridge_name = বান্দ্ৰা-ৱৰ্লী সাগৰীয় সংযোগ | image = Bandra–Worli Sea Link.jpg | caption = বান্দ্ৰা দুৰ্গৰপৰা দৃশ্য | official_name = ৰাজীৱ গান্ধী সাগৰীয় সংযোগ | other_name = | carries = ৮-লেন (প্ৰতি দিশত ৪খনকৈ লেন) | crosses = মহিম উপসাগৰ | location = [[মুম্বাই]], [[মহাৰাষ্ট্ৰ]], [[ভাৰত]] | owner = মহাৰাষ্ট্ৰ চৰকাৰ | maint = মহাৰাষ্ট্ৰ ৰাজ্যিক পথ উন্নয়ন নিগম (MSRDC) | designer = আকাশ বেনাৰ্জী | engineering = | design = কেবল্-ষ্টেইড্ (Cable-stayed) মুখ্য স্পেন; দুয়োটা মূৰে কংক্ৰিট-তীখাৰ প্ৰিকাষ্ট ছেগমেণ্ট ভায়াডাক্ট | material = | length = ৫.৬ কি:মি: | width = ২ x ২০ মিটাৰ | height = ১২৬ মিটাৰ | mainspan = ২ x ২৫০ মিটাৰ | spans = | pierswater = | load = | clearance = | builder = হিন্দুস্তান কনষ্ট্ৰাকশ্যন কোম্পানী (HCC India) | fabricator = | begin = ২০০০ | complete = ৩০ জুন, ২০০৯ | cost = | open = ২৪ মাৰ্চ, ২০১০ | inaugurated = | toll = ৮৫ টকা (গাড়ী) <br /> ১১০ টকা (LCV) <br /> ১৪৫ টকা (গধুৰ বাহন) | traffic = | preceded = | followed = | heritage = | collapsed = | closed = | replaces = | coordinates = {{coord|19.0364|72.8172|region:IN_scale:10000_type:landmark|display=inline,title}} | mapframe-marker = bridge }} '''ৰাজীৱ গান্ধী সাগৰীয় সেতু'''<ref name=toi-naming>{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/Bandra-Worli-sealink-named-Rajiv-Gandhi-Sealink/articleshow/4753472.cms | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121025135739/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-07-08/mumbai/28209337_1_bandra-worli-sealink-rajiv-gandhi-sealink-haji-ali | url-status=live | archive-date=25 October 2012 | title = Bandra-Worli sealink named 'Rajiv Gandhi Sealink'|date=8 July 2009|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=23 August 2009}}</ref> বা '''বান্দ্ৰা–ৱৰ্লি সাগৰীয় সংযোগ''' হৈছে ৫.৬ কিলোমিটাৰ দীঘল, ৮ লেন বহল কেবল ষ্টেড দলং যিয়ে মুম্বাইৰ পশ্চিম উপকণ্ঠ অঞ্চলৰ বান্দ্ৰাক দক্ষিণ মুম্বাইৰ ৱৰ্লিৰ সৈতে সংযোগ কৰে। ই মুম্বাই ট্ৰেন্স হাৰ্বাৰ লিংকৰ পিছত দ্বিতীয় দীঘলীয়া সাগৰীয় দলং, লগতে মুম্বাই ট্ৰেন্স হাৰ্বাৰ লিংক, ভূপেন হাজৰিকা সেতু, দিবাং ৰিভাৰ ব্ৰীজ আৰু মহাত্মা গান্ধী সেতুৰ পিছত ভাৰতৰ ৫ম দীঘলীয়া দলং। ইয়াৰ দুয়োফালে প্ৰি-ষ্ট্ৰেছড কংক্ৰিট-ষ্টীলৰ ভায়াডাক্ট থাকে।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bandra Worli Sea Link |url=https://www.tylin.com/work/projects/bandra-worli-sea-link |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231209181856/https://www.tylin.com/work/projects/bandra-worli-sea-link |archive-date=2023-12-09 |access-date=2024-06-22 |website=[[T. Y. Lin International]]}}</ref> ইয়াক প্ৰস্তাৱিত পশ্চিম ফ্ৰীৱে'ৰ অংশ হিচাপে পৰিকল্পনা কৰা হৈছিল যিয়ে পশ্চিম উপকণ্ঠ অঞ্চলক মুম্বাইৰ মূল ব্যাৱসায়িক জিলাৰ নৰিমান পইণ্টৰ সৈতে সংযোগ কৰিব, কিন্তু এতিয়া ইয়াক কাণ্ডীৱলীলৈ যোৱা উপকূলীয় পথৰ অংশ হিচাপে লোৱাৰ পৰিকল্পনা কৰা হৈছে।<ref>{{Cite news |last=Fernandes |first=Jocelyn |date=2024-03-12 |title=Mumbai Coastal Road opens to the public today: Features, toll, route to use and more. Check details here |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/mumbai-coastal-road-opens-to-the-public-today-features-toll-route-to-use-and-more-check-details-here-11710222481009.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240312072650/https://www.livemint.com/news/india/mumbai-coastal-road-opens-to-the-public-today-features-toll-route-to-use-and-more-check-details-here-11710222481009.html |archive-date=2024-03-12 |access-date=2024-06-22 |work=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]]}}</ref> [[File:Bandra Worli Sealink Reflection.jpg|thumb| বান্দ্ৰা-ৱৰ্লি সাগৰীয় সংযোগ প্ৰাথমিক বাৰিষাৰ সময়ত]] ৫.৬ কিলোমিটাৰ (৩.৫ মাইল) দৈৰ্ঘ্যৰ এই দলংখন মহাৰাষ্ট্ৰ ৰাজ্যিক পথ উন্নয়ন নিগমৰ (এমএছআৰডিচি)ৰ কাম আৰম্ভ কৰিছিল, আৰু হিন্দুস্তান কনষ্ট্ৰাকচন কোম্পানীয়ে নিৰ্মাণ কৰিছিল। ২০০৯ চনৰ ৩০ জুনত দলংখনৰ আঠটা লেনৰ ভিতৰত প্ৰথম চাৰিটা লেন জনসাধাৰণৰ বাবে মুকলি কৰা হয়।<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bandraworlisealink.com/details.html |title=Refer to Package IV – Project Status |publisher=Bandraworlisealink.com |date=1 July 2009 |access-date=31 August 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100724044455/http://bandraworlisealink.com/details.html |archive-date=24 July 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref>২০১০ চনৰ ২৪ মাৰ্চৰপৰা আটাইকেইটা লেন কাৰ্যক্ষম হয়। সাগৰীয় সংযোগে বান্দ্ৰা আৰু ৱৰ্লিৰ মাজত শীৰ্ষ সময়ত যাত্ৰাৰ সময় ২০ – ৩০ মিনিটৰপৰা ১০ মিনিটলৈ হ্ৰাস কৰে।<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/bandra-worli-sea-link-extendedto-haji-ali/323162/ |title=Bandra-Worli sea link extended up to Haji Ali |work=Business Standard |date=16 May 2008 |access-date=31 August 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607184945/http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/bandra-worli-sea-link-extendedto-haji-ali/323162/ |archive-date=7 June 2011 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> ২০১৮ চনলৈকে বি ডব্লিউ এছ এলৰ গড় দৈনিক প্ৰায় ৩২,৩১২খন বাহনৰ যাতায়াত আছিল।<ref>{{cite news|author=Chittaranjan Tembhekar |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/Sea-link-finances-cause-concern/articleshow/5079109.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121025135754/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-10-02/mumbai/28088251_1_bandra-worli-sea-link-toll-collection-msrdc |url-status=live |archive-date=25 October 2012 |title=Sea link finances cause concern – Mumbai – City |date=2 October 2009 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=3 August 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sharma |first=R |date=30 April 2018 |title=Bandra-Worli sea link: Traffic falls 13% in 2017-18 |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/business/roadways-bandra-worli-sea-link-traffic-falls-13-in-2017-18-1150211/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230505102444/https://www.financialexpress.com/business/roadways-bandra-worli-sea-link-traffic-falls-13-in-2017-18-1150211/ |archive-date=5 May 2023 |access-date=5 May 2023 |website=Financial Express}}</ref> ==ইতিহাস== মহিম ক’জৱে আছিল পশ্চিম উপকণ্ঠ অঞ্চলক [[মুম্বাই]]ৰ কেন্দ্ৰীয় ব্যাৱসায়িক জিলাৰ সৈতে সংযোগ কৰা একমাত্ৰ পথ। এই উত্তৰ-দক্ষিণ-পশ্চিম কৰিড’ৰটো বটলনেকত পৰিণত হৈছিল আৰু ভিৰ হোৱা সময়ত ই অত্যন্ত জনবহুল হৈ পৰিছিল। ৱেষ্টাৰ্ণ ফ্ৰীৱে প্ৰকল্পটোৱে মুম্বাইৰ সমগ্ৰ পশ্চিম উপকূলটোক সামৰি লোৱাৰ প্ৰস্তাৱ দিয়া হৈছিল যাতে যান-জঁট লাঘৱ হয়। এই ফ্ৰীৱে' ব্যৱস্থাৰ প্ৰথম পৰ্যায় হিচাপে মাহিম উপসাগৰৰ ওপৰত থকা বান্দ্ৰা–ৱৰ্লি ছি লিংক নামৰ এখন দলং প্ৰস্তাৱ কৰা হৈছিল, যিয়ে মাহিম ক'জৱেলৈ বিকল্প পথ প্ৰদান কৰিছিল।<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kingdang |first=Shubra |last2=Diwanji |first2=S |last3=Kaul |first3=Rakesh |last4=Gower |first4=Len |date=2009-11-30 |title=Making of Bandra-Worli Sea Link |url=https://mycoordinates.org/making-of-bandra-worli-sea-link/all/1/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100118080143/http://mycoordinates.org/making-of-bandra-worli-sea-link/all/1 |archive-date=2010-01-18 |access-date=2024-06-22 |website=Coordinates}}</ref> এই দলংখনে বান্দ্ৰাৰ ৱেষ্টাৰ্ণ এক্সপ্ৰেছ হাইৱে আৰু স্বামী বিবেকানন্দ ৰোডৰ সংযোগস্থল ৱৰ্লিৰ খান আব্দুল গফ্ফাৰ খান ৰোডৰ সৈতে সংযোগ কৰে। ৱৰ্লি ছিফেচৰপৰা মুম্বাইৰ ধমনী এনি বেছাণ্ট ৰোডৰ সৈতে সংযোগ হয়। [[মহাৰাষ্ট্ৰ]] ৰাজ্যিক পথ উন্নয়ন নিগম লিমিটেড (এম এছ আৰ ডি চি)ৰ উদ্যোগত এই প্ৰকল্পৰ কাম আৰম্ভ হৈছিল। নিৰ্মাণৰ ঠিকা হিন্দুস্তান কনষ্ট্ৰাকচন কোম্পানী (HCC)ক দিয়া হয়, প্ৰকল্প পৰিচালনাৰ নেতৃত্বত ব্ৰিটেইনৰ দাৰ আল-হাণ্ডাছাহৰ কাৰ্যালয়।<ref>{{Citation|last=luckystreak03|title=Bandra Worli Sea Link|date=2007-03-11|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DVJGxnfrWno|access-date=2018-03-20|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160411205516/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DVJGxnfrWno|archive-date=11 April 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref> ১৯৯৯ চনত বসিত আচাৰৱালাই আধাৰশিলা স্থাপন কৰিছিল। মূল পৰিকল্পনাত ৬.৬ বিলিয়ন ₹ (৭৮ মিলিয়ন মাৰ্কিন ডলাৰ) খৰচ হ'ব বুলি অনুমান কৰা হৈছিল যিটো পাঁচ বছৰৰ ভিতৰত সম্পূৰ্ণ হ'ব।<ref name=dna-lookback-5>{{cite news|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/slideshow_looking-back-frustration-and-elation-of-building-the-bandra-worli-sea-link_1560872-5#top|title=Looking back: Frustration and elation of building the Bandra Worli Sea Link – Slide 5|newspaper=DNA India|date=30 June 2011|access-date=8 September 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110808214645/http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/slideshow_looking-back-frustration-and-elation-of-building-the-bandra-worli-sea-link_1560872-5#top|archive-date=8 August 2011|df=dmy-all}}</ref> কিন্তু প্ৰকল্পটোৰ বাবে বহুতো জনস্বাৰ্থৰ মামলা চলিছিল, ৫ বছৰৰ পলমৰ ফলত খৰচ ১৬ বিলিয়ন ₹ (১৯ কোটি মাৰ্কিন ডলাৰ) লৈ বৃদ্ধি পাইছিল,<ref name="dna-https://www.youtube.com/watch?v">{{cite news|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/slideshow_looking-back-frustration-and-elation-of-building-the-bandra-worli-sea-link_1560872-4#top|title=Looking back: Frustration and elation of building the Bandra Worli Sea Link – Slide 4|newspaper=DNA India|date=30 June 2011|access-date=8 September 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811105652/http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/slideshow_looking-back-frustration-and-elation-of-building-the-bandra-worli-sea-link_1560872-4#top|archive-date=11 August 2011|df=dmy-all}}</ref> কেৱল অতিৰিক্ত সুতৰ খৰচ ₹৭ বিলিয়ন (৮৩ মিলিয়ন মাৰ্কিন ডলাৰ)।<ref name=dna-lookback-5/> ==পৰিকল্পনা== সামগ্ৰিক প্ৰকল্পটো পাঁচটা অংশৰে গঠিত আছিল, সামগ্ৰিক সময়সূচী ত্বৰান্বিত কৰিবলৈ পৃথকে পৃথকে চুক্তিবদ্ধ কৰা হৈছিল। * '''পেকেজ I(১)''': ৱৰ্লিৰ লাভ গ্ৰ’ভ জংচনৰ ওপৰত উৰণীয়া সেতু নিৰ্মাণ। * '''পেকেজ II(২)''': বান্দ্ৰাৰ ৱেষ্টাৰ্ণ এক্সপ্ৰেছ হাইৱে আৰু এছ ভি ৰোডৰ সংযোগস্থলত ক্লভাৰলিফ ইণ্টাৰচেঞ্জ নিৰ্মাণ। * '''তৃতীয় পেকেজ(৩)''': আদান-প্ৰদানৰপৰা বান্দ্ৰা ফালে টোল প্লাজালৈকে ৰাজহুৱা প্ৰমেনেডৰ সৈতে কঠিন এপ্ৰ’চ পথ নিৰ্মাণ *'''পেকেজ IV(৪)''': বান্দ্ৰাৰ শেষৰফালে ৱৰ্লিৰপৰা টোল প্লাজালৈকে উত্তৰ আৰু দক্ষিণৰ ভায়াডাক্টৰ সৈতে কেন্দ্ৰীয় কেবল-ষ্টেড স্পেন নিৰ্মাণ। * '''পেকেজ V(৫)''': খান আব্দুল গফ্ফৰ খান পথৰ উন্নতি। পেকেজ IV '''(৪)''' আছিল মূল পৰ্যায়, আন পেকেজসমূহে সমৰ্থনকাৰী আন্তঃগাঁথনি প্ৰদান কৰিছিল। === ভূতত্ত্ব === দলঙৰ ডিজাইন আৰম্ভ হোৱাৰ পূৰ্বে পৰিকল্পিত পথৰ অধীনত সাগৰৰ তলৰ জৰীপ কৰা হৈছিল। দলঙৰ তলৰ সাগৰীয় ভূতত্ত্ব বেছাল্ট, আগ্নেয়গিৰিৰ টাফ আৰু ব্ৰেচিয়াৰে গঠিত আৰু কিছুমান আন্তঃট্ৰেপিয়ান নিক্ষেপ আছে। এইবোৰৰ ওপৰত সম্পূৰ্ণ বতৰত ক্ষতিগ্ৰস্ত শিল আৰু অৱশিষ্ট মাটি থাকে। এই শিলবোৰৰ শক্তি অতি দুৰ্বলৰপৰা অতি শক্তিশালী আৰু ইয়াৰ অৱস্থা অতি বতৰৰ ক্ষতিগ্ৰস্ত আৰু ভাঙি পৰাৰপৰা আৰম্ভ কৰি সতেজ, বিশাল আৰু অক্ষতলৈকে। বতৰৰ ক্ষতিগ্ৰস্ত শিলৰ বিছনাবোৰৰ ওপৰত পৰিবহণ মাটি, চূণশিলযুক্ত বেলেগ শিল আৰু মোটা দানাযুক্ত গোটৰ পাতল বিছনাখন আৰু অধিক আবৃত। এই স্তৰবোৰৰ ওপৰত ৯ মিটাৰ ডাঠ সাগৰীয় মাটিৰ স্তৰ থাকে যিটো গাঢ় বাদামী ৰঙৰ মাটিৰ পলিৰে গঠিত আৰু তাৰ ওপৰত কিছু মিহি বালি পলিত সোমাই থকা বতৰৰ ক্ষতিগ্ৰস্ত, গাঢ় বাদামী বেছাল্টিক শিলবোৰ থাকে। === নক্সা === বিডব্লিউএসএল ভাৰতৰ মুকলি সাগৰত নিৰ্মিত প্ৰথমটো কেবল-ষ্টেইড দলং হিচাপে ডিজাইন কৰা হৈছিল। ইয়াৰ তলৰ ভূ-তাত্ত্বিক গঠনৰ বাবে, পায়লনসমূহৰ জ্যামিতি অত্যন্ত জটিল আৰু বান্দ্ৰা চেনেলৰ ওপৰত থকা মূল স্প্যানটো কংক্ৰিট ডেকৰ সহায়ত নিৰ্মাণ কৰা এতিয়ালৈকে অন্যতম দীঘল স্প্যান। এই অভিযান্ত্ৰিক জটিলতাসমূহৰ সৈতে দলংখনৰ নান্দনিকতাৰ ভৰসাম্য ৰক্ষা কৰাটো প্ৰকল্পটোৰ বাবে এক ডাঙৰ প্ৰত্যাহ্বান আছিল। ভায়াডাক্টৰ ছুপাৰষ্ট্ৰাকচাৰসমূহ (superstructure) ভাৰতত নিৰ্মাণ কৰা আটাইতকৈ গধুৰ প্ৰি-কাষ্ট ছেগমেণ্ট আছিল। কেইবাটাও উলম্ব আৰু অনুভূমিক বক্ৰৰেখাৰ মাজেৰে অভাৰহেড গেণ্ট্ৰি ব্যৱহাৰ কৰি স্প্যান-বাই-স্প্যান পদ্ধতিৰে এইবোৰ নিৰ্মাণ কৰা হৈছিল। দলঙৰ ডেকৰ ২০,০০০ টন বান্দ্ৰা-এণ্ড স্পেন পৰিকল্পনা আৰু উচ্চতাৰ বিচ্যুতিৰ অতি ঘনিষ্ঠ সহনশীলতাৰ ভিতৰত ষ্টে কেবলৰদ্বাৰা সমৰ্থিত। বান্দ্ৰা-ৱৰ্লী ছি লিংক আছিল মুম্বাইৰ প্ৰথমটো আন্তঃগাঁথনি প্ৰকল্প য’ত ভূমিকম্প প্ৰতিৰোধী 'ছেইচমিক এৰেষ্টাৰ' ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হৈছিল। ইয়াৰ ফলত দলংখনে [[ৰিখটাৰ স্কেল]]ত ৭.০ প্ৰাবল্য পৰ্যন্ত [[ভূমিকম্প]] সহ্য কৰিবলৈ সক্ষম হ’ব।<ref>[http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report_eastern-freeway-to-have-seismic-arresters_1809399 Eastern freeway to have seismic arresters - Mumbai - DNA] [https://web.archive.org/web/20130313043134/http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report_eastern-freeway-to-have-seismic-arresters_1809399 Archived] 13 March 2013 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]]. Dnaindia.com. Retrieved on 6 December 2013.</ref> === ভেটি আৰু উপগাঁথনি === দলংখনৰ গাঁথনি নিৰ্মাণৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত ডাঙৰ অভিযান্ত্ৰিক প্ৰত্যাহ্বানৰ সৃষ্টি হৈছিল। ইয়াৰ ভিতৰত সাগৰৰ তলিৰ সামুদ্ৰিক ভূ-তত্ত্বৰ বাবে অত্যন্ত পৰিৱৰ্তনশীল ভূ-কাৰিকৰী অৱস্থা অন্যতম আছিল। কেতিয়াবা, আনকি এটা পাইলৰ বাবে নিৰ্ধাৰিত ক্ষেত্ৰফলৰ ভেটিও অত্যন্ত অসমান আছিল। এক পৰিৱৰ্তনশীল আন্তঃজোৱাৰ মণ্ডলৰ উপস্থিতিয়ে অধিক জটিলতাৰ সৃষ্টি কৰিছিল, য’ত ভেটিৰ কিছু অংশ ভাটাত উন্মুক্ত হৈ পৰিছিল আৰু জোৱাৰৰ সময়ত পানীত ডুবি গৈছিল। বি ডব্লিউ এচ এল-ৰকেবল-ষ্টেইড দলংসমূহৰ ভেটিসমূহ ২,০০০ মিলিমিটাৰ (৬.৬ ফুট) ব্যাসৰ ১২০টা ৰিইনফ'ৰ্চড কংক্ৰিট পাইলেৰে গঠিত। ভায়াডাক্টসমূহৰ বাবে ১,৫০০ মিলিমিটাৰ (৪.৯ ফুট) ব্যাসৰ ৪৮৪টা পাইল ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হৈছে। এই ৬০৪টা পাইল অত্যন্ত ক্ষয়প্ৰাপ্ত আগ্নেয় পদাৰ্থৰপৰা আৰম্ভ কৰি বিশাল শক্তিশালী শিলা পৰ্যন্ত বিভিন্ন ভূ-কাৰিকৰী পৰিৱেশত মাটিৰ তলত ৬ মিটাৰৰপৰা ৩৪ মিটাৰ গভীৰতালৈকে স্থাপন কৰা হৈছিল। === পাইল খুঁটা === দলংখনৰ আটাইতকৈ ডাঙৰ পাইলসমূহ ১২৮ মিটাৰ (৪২০ ফুট) উচ্চতাৰ হীৰা সদৃশ কংক্ৰিট খুঁটাৰে গঠিত। ইয়াত তলৰফালে ক্ৰমান্বয়ে বহল হৈ যোৱা খুঁটা, ওপৰৰফালে একত্ৰিত হোৱা খুঁটা, আৰু কেবলসমূহ ধৰি ৰাখিবলৈ এটা সংলগ্ন টাৱাৰ হেড আছে। ইয়াৰ উপৰি, টাৱাৰটোৰ উচ্চতা অনুসৰি ইয়াৰ প্ৰস্থচ্ছেদ একেৰাহে পৰিৱৰ্তনশীল। দলংখনৰ পাইল খুঁটাসমূহৰ প্ৰস্থচ্ছেদ উচ্চতাৰ লগত ক্ৰমান্বয়ে কমি গৈছে। এইবোৰত প্ৰতি ৩ মিটাৰ উচ্চতাত পথালি খাঁজ আছে, যিবোৰে ইনচাৰ্টসমূহ স্থাপনত সুবিধা কৰি দিছিল। বৃত্তাকাৰ অংশবোৰত থকা উলম্ব খাঁজবোৰৰ বাবে বিশেষ ফৰ্ম লাইনাৰৰ প্ৰয়োজন হৈছিল আৰু সাঁচ খোলাৰ সময়তো বিশেষ সাৱধানতাৰ প্ৰয়োজন হৈছিল। টাৱাৰৰ খুঁটাবোৰ দুয়ো দিশত হেলনীয়া আছিল, যাৰ ফলত ইয়াৰ সংৰেখন আৰু ছ’লজাৰ বগাই যোৱাৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত প্ৰত্যাহ্বানৰ সৃষ্টি হৈছিল। নিৰ্মাণৰ গাঁঠিবোৰ কেৱল ৩ মিটাৰ ব্যৱধানতহে অনুমতি দিয়া হৈছিল। পাইল খুঁটাসমূহ নিৰ্মাণ কৰিবলৈ অষ্ট্ৰিয়াৰ 'ডকা' কোম্পানীক তেওঁলোকৰ SKE-100 স্বয়ংক্ৰিয় ক্লাইম্বিং শ্বাটাৰ ছিষ্টেমৰ ওপৰত ভিত্তি কৰি এটা বিশেষ স্বয়ংক্ৰিয় ক্লাইম্বিং শ্বাটাৰ ফৰ্মৱৰ্ক প্ৰণালী প্ৰস্তুত কৰিবলৈ দায়িত্ব দিয়া হৈছিল। এইটো নিৰ্মাণস্থলীতে তৈয়াৰ কৰা হৈছিল আৰু ডেক লেভেলৰ তলৰ টাৱাৰৰ খুঁটাসমূহ ওপৰলৈ উঠোৱাৰ সকলো কামত ইয়াক ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হৈছিল। === প্ৰি-কাষ্ট চোতাল === প্ৰি-কাষ্ট চোতালখন পুনৰুদ্ধাৰ কৰা মাটিত আছিল। প্ৰকল্পটোৰ বাবে ২৩৪২টা কংক্ৰিট-ষ্টীলৰ প্ৰি-কাষ্ট ছেগমেণ্টৰ ঢালাই, সংৰক্ষণ আৰু পৰিচালনাৰ ব্যৱস্থা কৰা হৈছিল চোতালখনে। চোতালখনৰ সংৰক্ষণ ক্ষমতাৰ প্ৰয়োজনীয়তা আছিল প্ৰায় ৪৭০টা প্ৰিকাষ্ট ছেগমেণ্ট। যিহেতু উপলব্ধ ক্ষেত্ৰখন সীমিত আছিল, সেয়েহে ছেগমেণ্টবোৰ তিনিটা স্তৰলৈকে ষ্টেকত সংৰক্ষণ কৰা হৈছিল। === গাঁথনি === বি ডব্লিউ এছ এল প্ৰতিটো দিশত যাতায়াতৰ বাবে যমজ অবিৰত কংক্ৰিটৰ বক্স গাৰ্ডাৰ দলঙৰ অংশৰে গঠিত। কেবল-ষ্টেড অংশৰ বাহিৰে প্ৰতিটো দলঙৰ অংশ সাধাৰণতে ৫০ মিটাৰ (১৬০ ফুট) দূৰত্বত থকা ঘাটত সমৰ্থিত হয়। প্ৰতিটো অংশই ব্ৰেক-ডাউন লেন আৰু কংক্ৰিটৰ বাধাৰ সৈতে চাৰিটা লেন যাতায়াত সমৰ্থন কৰিব পৰাকৈ ডিজাইন কৰা হৈছে। ছেকচনসমূহে এফালে সেৱাৰ চাইড-ৱাকৰো ব্যৱস্থা কৰে। দলঙৰ প্ৰান্তিককৰণ উলম্ব আৰু অনুভূমিক বক্ৰৰ সৈতে সংজ্ঞায়িত কৰা হয়। দলংখন তিনিটা সুকীয়া অংশৰে গঠিত: উত্তৰ মূৰৰ ভায়াডাক্ট, কেন্দ্ৰীয় কেবল-ষ্টেড স্পেন আৰু দক্ষিণ মূৰৰ ভায়াডাক্ট। দুয়োটা ভায়াডাক্টতে প্ৰিকাষ্ট ছেগমেণ্টেল কনষ্ট্ৰাকচন ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হৈছিল। বান্দ্ৰা চেনেলত কেবল ষ্টেড দলংখনৰ ৫০ মিটাৰ-২৫০ মিটাৰ-২৫০ মিটাৰ-৫০ মিটাৰ বিন্যাস ব্যৱস্থা আৰু ৱৰ্লি চেনেলত ৫০ মিটাৰ-৫০ মিটাৰ-১৫০ মিটাৰ-৫০ মিটাৰ-৫০ মিটাৰ বিন্যাস ব্যৱস্থা আছে। [[চিত্ৰ:Bandra - Worli sea link & city lights... (17005067647).jpg|center|thumb|680x680px|পটভূমিত মুম্বাইৰ আকাশৰ ৰেখাৰ সৈতে বান্দ্ৰা-ৱৰ্লি সাগৰীয় সংযোগ, সূৰ্যাস্তৰ সময়ত]] === উত্তৰ আৰু দক্ষিণৰ ভায়াডাক্ট === মাজৰ কেবল-ষ্টেইড বিন্যাসসমূহৰ দুয়োকাষে থকা ভায়াডাক্টবোৰ ৩০০ মিটাৰ (৯৮০ ফুট) গোটত বিভক্ত কৰা হৈছে, যিবোৰত ৫০ মিটাৰৰ (১৬০ ফুট) ছটাকৈ নিৰন্তৰ বিন্যাস আছে। প্ৰতিটো গোটৰ শেষত প্ৰসাৰণ গাঁঠি প্ৰদান কৰা হৈছে। দলংখনৰ উপৰিসংৰচনা আৰু নিম্নগাঁথনি আইআৰচি ক'ডৰ অনুসৰি ডিজাইন কৰা হৈছে। ইয়াৰ নিৰ্দেশনাসমূহ আইআৰচি মানদণ্ডৰ সৈতে সংগতিপূৰ্ণ আৰু বিশেষ সামগ্ৰীৰ বাবে অতিৰিক্ত নিৰ্দেশাৱলী অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত কৰা হৈছে। ইয়াৰ ভেটি ১.৫ মিটাৰ (৪ ফুট ১১ ইঞ্চি) ব্যাসৰ ড্ৰিল কৰা পাইল (প্ৰতিটো পিয়াৰৰ বাবে চাৰিটাকৈ) আৰু পাইল কেপেৰে গঠিত। দলঙৰ বেয়াৰিংসমূহ ডিস্ক্ চানেকীৰ। দলংখনৰ বাবে মডুলাৰ এক্সপানচন জয়ণ্টসমূহ ছুইজাৰলেণ্ডৰ চিভিল ইঞ্জিনিয়াৰিং প্ৰতিষ্ঠান 'মাজেবা'ই যোগান ধৰিছিল।<ref>[https://www.mageba-group.com/ch/de/1023/Asien/Indien/19564/Bandra-Worli-Sea-Link.htm "Bandra Worli Sea Link"]. mageba-group.com (in German). Retrieved 6 September 2022.</ref> ভায়াডাক্টসমূহ প্ৰি-কাষ্ট, পোষ্ট-টেনচনযুক্ত, ছেগমেণ্টেল কংক্ৰিট-ষ্টীল বক্স গিৰ্ডাৰ ছেকচন ব্যৱহাৰ কৰি নিৰ্মাণ কৰা হৈছিল। প্ৰি-কাষ্ট ছেগমেণ্টসমূহৰ উপৰিসংৰচনা স্থাপন কৰিবলৈ নিৰ্মাণস্থলীত স্বয়ংক্ৰিয়ভাৱে উৎক্ষেপণ কৰিব পৰা ক্ষমতা সম্পন্ন এটা অভাৰহেড গেণ্ট্ৰি ক্ৰেন বিশেষভাৱে তৈয়াৰ কৰা হৈছিল। প্ৰি-কাষ্ট ছেগমেণ্টসমূহ প্ৰথমতে নামমাত্ৰ প্ৰি-ষ্ট্ৰেছিঙৰ সৈতে উচ্চ শক্তিৰ ইপোক্সি আঠা ব্যৱহাৰ কৰি সংযোগ কৰা হয়। পিয়াৰৰ কাষৰ শেষৰ ছেগমেণ্টবোৰ চুটি আৰু এইবোৰ "কাষ্ট-ইন-চিটু জয়ণ্ট।" প্ৰাথমিক নিৰন্তৰ টেণ্ডনসমূহৰ ওপৰত চাপ প্ৰয়োগ কৰাৰ আগতে বিন্যাসৰ জ্যামিতিক সালসলনি কৰি লোৱা হয়। ছেগমেণ্টৰ প্ৰকাৰসমূহ ইয়াৰ ৱেবৰ ডাঠ আৰু কোষত ঢলা ডায়াফ্ৰামৰপ্ৰকাৰৰ ওপৰত ভিত্তি কৰি নিৰ্ধাৰণ কৰা হৈছে। প্ৰতিটো ছেগমেণ্টৰ ওজন ১১০ ৰপৰা ১৪০ টনৰ ভিতৰত। ছেগমেণ্টৰ দৈৰ্ঘ্য ৩,০০০ ৰপৰা ৩,২০০ মিলিমিটাৰৰ (৯.৮ ৰপৰা ১০.৫ ফুট) ভিতৰত। প্ৰতিটো ৫০ মিটাৰ (১৬০ ফুট) বিন্যাসৰ সংস্থাপন সম্পূৰ্ণ হোৱাৰ পিছত ডেক পোষ্ট-টেনচনিং কৰা হয়। === কেবল-ষ্টেড বিন্যাস === বান্দ্ৰা চেনেলৰ কেবল-ষ্টেইড অংশটোৰ দৈৰ্ঘ্য এক্সপানচন জয়ণ্টসমূহৰ মাজত ৬০০ মিটাৰ (২,০০০ ফুট) আৰু ইয়াত দুটা ২৫০ মিটাৰৰ কেবল সমৰ্থিত মূল স্প্যান আছে, যাৰ দুয়োকাষে ৫০ মিটাৰৰ পৰম্পৰাগত এপ্ৰ’চ স্প্যান আছে। পিল কেপ লেভেলৰপৰা ১২৮ মিটাৰ উচ্চতাৰ এটা কেন্দ্ৰীয় টাৱাৰে 'ছেমি-হাৰ্প' বিন্যাসত চাৰিখন কেবল ষ্টেই সমতলৰ জৰিয়তে উপৰিসংৰচনাটো ধৰি ৰাখিছে। দলংখনৰ ডেকৰ সমান্তৰালভাৱে কেবলৰ ব্যৱধান হৈছে ৬.০ মিটাৰ। [[চিত্ৰ:Sea Link by Manan Jain.jpg|thumb|মূল কেবল-ষ্টেড বিন্যাস]] ৱৰ্লী চেনেলৰ কেবল-ষ্টেইড অংশটো এক্সপানচন জয়ণ্টসমূহৰ মাজত ২৫০ মিটাৰ (৮২০ ফুট) দীঘল আৰু ইয়াত এটা ১৫০ মিটাৰৰ কেবল সমৰ্থিত মূল স্প্যান আছে, যাৰ প্ৰতিটো দিশত দুটাকৈ ৫০ মিটাৰৰ পৰম্পৰাগত এপ্ৰ’চ স্প্যান আছে। ৫৫ মিটাৰ উচ্চতাৰ এটা কেন্দ্ৰীয় টাৱাৰে ছেমি-হাৰ্প বিন্যাসত চাৰিখন কেবল ষ্টেই সমতলৰ সহায়ত পিল কেপ লেভেলৰ ওপৰত উপৰিসংৰচনাটোক সমৰ্থন দিছে। ইয়াতো দলঙৰ ডেকৰ কাষে কাষে কেবলৰ ব্যৱধান ৬.০ মিটাৰ। উপৰিসংৰচনাটো যমজ প্ৰি-কাষ্ট কংক্ৰিট বক্স গিৰ্ডাৰেৰে গঠিত, যাৰ প্ৰস্থচ্ছেদ 'মাছৰ পেটৰ' দৰে আৰু ই এপ্ৰ’চ স্প্যানসমূহৰ সৈতে একে। এটা সাধাৰণ প্ৰি-কাষ্ট ছেগমেণ্টৰ দৈৰ্ঘ্য ৩.০ মিটাৰ আৰু আটাইতকৈ গধুৰ ছেগমেণ্টটোৰ ওজন প্ৰায় ১৪০ টন। এপ্ৰ’চসমূহৰ বাবে ব্যৱহৃত 'স্প্যান-বাই-স্প্যান' পদ্ধতিৰ বিপৰীতে কেবল সমৰ্থিত উপৰিসংৰচনা নিৰ্মাণৰ বাবে 'বেলেন্সড ক্যাণ্টিলিভাৰ' (balanced cantilever) পদ্ধতি ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হৈছে। প্ৰতিটো দ্বিতীয় ছেগমেণ্টৰ বাবে কেবল এনকাৰেজৰ ব্যৱস্থা কৰা হৈছে। বান্দ্ৰা চেনেলত মুঠ ২৬৪টা কেবল ষ্টেই ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হৈছে, যাৰ দৈৰ্ঘ্য প্ৰায় ৮৫ মিটাৰৰপৰা প্ৰায় ২৫০ মিটাৰ পৰ্যন্ত। টাৱাৰটো ক্লাইম্বিং ফৰ্ম পদ্ধতি ব্যৱহাৰ কৰি কাষ্ট ইন-চিটু ৰিইনফ'ৰ্চড কংক্ৰিটেৰে নিৰ্মাণ কৰা হৈছে। টাৱাৰটোৰ সামগ্ৰিক আকৃতি এটা ওলোটা "Y" সদৃশ আৰু ইয়াৰ হেলনীয়া খুঁটাবোৰ দলংখনৰ অক্ষৰ সমান্তৰালভাৱে অৱস্থিত। ফৰ্মড পকেট ব্যৱহাৰ কৰি টাৱাৰ কেবল এনকাৰেজ ৰিচেছসমূহ প্ৰস্তুত কৰা হৈছে আৰু স্থানীয় কেবল-শক্তিক প্ৰতিৰোধ কৰিবলৈ টাৱাৰ হেডত ট্ৰেন্সভাৰ্চ আৰু লংগিটিউডিনেল বাৰ পোষ্ট-টেনচনিঙৰ ব্যৱস্থা কৰা হৈছে। ৱৰ্লী চেনেলত মুঠ ১৬০টা কেবল ষ্টেই ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হৈছে, যাৰ দৈৰ্ঘ্য সৰ্বনিম্ন প্ৰায় ৩০ মিটাৰৰপৰা সৰ্বাধিক প্ৰায় ৮০ মিটাৰ পৰ্যন্ত। বান্দ্ৰা চেনেলৰ দৰেই ইয়াতো টাৱাৰটো ক্লাইম্বিং ফৰ্ম পদ্ধতিৰে কাষ্ট ইন-চিটু ৰিইনফ'ৰ্চড কংক্ৰিটেৰে নিৰ্মাণ কৰা হৈছে, কিন্তু ইয়াৰ সামগ্ৰিক আকৃতি হেলনীয়া খুঁটাৰ সৈতে "I" সদৃশ। একেদৰে, ইয়াতো ফৰ্মড পকেট ব্যৱহাৰ কৰি টাৱাৰ কেবল এনকাৰেজ ৰিচেছসমূহ তৈয়াৰ কৰা হৈছে। মূল টাৱাৰটোৰ ভেটিত ২৫ মিটাৰ দৈৰ্ঘ্যৰ ২ মিটাৰ ড্ৰিল কৰা খাদ আছে। শুকান ঠাইত ছয় মিটাৰ দ ভেটি নিৰ্মাণৰ বাবে কফাৰডেম আৰু ট্ৰেমি ছিল নিৰ্মাণ ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হৈছে। == দলংখনৰ ব্যৱস্থাপনা == === টোল সংগ্ৰহ === টোল প্লাজাৰ বান্দ্ৰা শেষত ১৬টা লেন আছে। ইলেক্ট্ৰনিক টোল সংগ্ৰহ ব্যৱস্থাৰে সজ্জিত টোল প্লাজা। দুয়োটা মূৰত টোল সংগ্ৰহৰ বিকল্পসমূহৰ ভিতৰত আছে: * সঘনাই অহা-যোৱা কৰা লোকৰ বাবে বাহনত সংস্থাপিত অন-ব'ৰ্ড ইউনিটৰ জৰিয়তে স্বয়ংক্ৰিয় ইলেক্ট্ৰনিক পেমেণ্ট ব্যৱস্থা যিয়ে বাহনসমূহক ৰৈ নোযোৱাকৈ পাৰ হ'বলৈ সক্ষম কৰে।<ref>Chittaranjan Tembhekar (2 August 2012). [https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/Sea-link-test-drive-successful-e-toll-starts-today/articleshow/15320178.cms "Sea link test drive successful, e-toll starts today"]. [[দ্য টাইম্‌ছ অৱ ইণ্ডিয়া|The Times of India]].</ref> * পৰ পৰিচালিত লেনসমূহত স্মাৰ্ট কাৰ্ডৰ জৰিয়তে অৰ্ধ-স্বয়ংক্ৰিয় নগদবিহীন ইলেক্ট্ৰনিক পৰিশোধ। * টোল এটেনডেণ্টক নগদ ধনৰ জৰিয়তে পৰিশোধ কৰাৰ বাবে মেনুৱেল টোল সংগ্ৰহ ব্যৱস্থা। {| style="margin:0 auto; text-align:center; " class="wikitable" |- ! rowspan="2"| বাহন!! colspan="3" | টোল (প্ৰযোজ্য: ০১/এপ্ৰিল/২০২১)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bandra Worli Sea Link (BWSL) updated Toll rates as of April 2021 |date=April 2021|url=https://www.thelivemirror.com/mumbai-bandra-worli-sea-link-toll-costlier/}}</ref> |- ! একক যাত্ৰা||উভতি অহা যাত্ৰা||দিনটোৰ বাবে |- | [[কাৰ]] || {{INRConvert|85}} | {{INRConvert|127.5}} | {{INRConvert|212.5}} |- | টেম্প'/[[Light commercial vehicle|লঘু বাণিজ্যিক বাহন]] | {{INRConvert|130}} | {{INRConvert|195}} | {{INRConvert|325}} |- | ট্ৰাক/বাচ || {{INRConvert|175}} | {{INRConvert|262.5}} | {{INRConvert|437.5}} |} === বিদ্যুৎ যোগান আৰু পোহৰ === ==চিত্ৰ== <gallery> File:Mumbai Bandra-Worli Sea Link.jpg|thumb|বান্দ্ৰা–ৱৰ্লি সাগৰীয় সংযোগ File:Gateway to Connectivity The Bandra-Worli Sea Link.jpg|thumb|ৱৰ্লি আকাশৰ বিপৰীতে দেখা অগ্ৰভূমিত বি ডব্লিউ এছ এলৰ উত্তৰ ভায়াডাক্ট। বান্দ্ৰা দুৰ্গৰপৰা দৃশ্য File:Bandra -Worli Sea Link.jpg|thumb|মাহিম উপসাগৰৰ ওপৰেৰে বিস্তৃত দাদাৰ চৌপাটিৰপৰা বান্দ্ৰা ৱৰ্লি সাগৰীয় লিংকৰ সূৰ্যাস্তৰ দৃশ্য File:BWSL Cable Stay Bridge.jpg|thumb|বি ডব্লিউ এছ এলৰ আটাইতকৈ ডাঙৰ পাইলন টাৱাৰবোৰ ১২৮ মিটাৰ (৪২০ ফুট) উচ্চতাত </gallery> ==তথ্য সংগ্ৰহ== {{Reflist}} [[শ্ৰেণী:দলং]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ভাৰতৰ দলং]] ase9cjs1t5zswdb68o1sg4sfgcnr9cf 605942 605884 2026-05-12T07:40:58Z যদুমণি 32127 /* বিদ্যুৎ যোগান আৰু পোহৰ */ 605942 wikitext text/x-wiki {{সম্পাদনা দ্বন্দ্ব}} {{Infobox bridge | bridge_name = বান্দ্ৰা-ৱৰ্লী সাগৰীয় সংযোগ | image = Bandra–Worli Sea Link.jpg | caption = বান্দ্ৰা দুৰ্গৰপৰা দৃশ্য | official_name = ৰাজীৱ গান্ধী সাগৰীয় সংযোগ | other_name = | carries = ৮-লেন (প্ৰতি দিশত ৪খনকৈ লেন) | crosses = মহিম উপসাগৰ | location = [[মুম্বাই]], [[মহাৰাষ্ট্ৰ]], [[ভাৰত]] | owner = মহাৰাষ্ট্ৰ চৰকাৰ | maint = মহাৰাষ্ট্ৰ ৰাজ্যিক পথ উন্নয়ন নিগম (MSRDC) | designer = আকাশ বেনাৰ্জী | engineering = | design = কেবল্-ষ্টেইড্ (Cable-stayed) মুখ্য স্পেন; দুয়োটা মূৰে কংক্ৰিট-তীখাৰ প্ৰিকাষ্ট ছেগমেণ্ট ভায়াডাক্ট | material = | length = ৫.৬ কি:মি: | width = ২ x ২০ মিটাৰ | height = ১২৬ মিটাৰ | mainspan = ২ x ২৫০ মিটাৰ | spans = | pierswater = | load = | clearance = | builder = হিন্দুস্তান কনষ্ট্ৰাকশ্যন কোম্পানী (HCC India) | fabricator = | begin = ২০০০ | complete = ৩০ জুন, ২০০৯ | cost = | open = ২৪ মাৰ্চ, ২০১০ | inaugurated = | toll = ৮৫ টকা (গাড়ী) <br /> ১১০ টকা (LCV) <br /> ১৪৫ টকা (গধুৰ বাহন) | traffic = | preceded = | followed = | heritage = | collapsed = | closed = | replaces = | coordinates = {{coord|19.0364|72.8172|region:IN_scale:10000_type:landmark|display=inline,title}} | mapframe-marker = bridge }} '''ৰাজীৱ গান্ধী সাগৰীয় সেতু'''<ref name=toi-naming>{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/Bandra-Worli-sealink-named-Rajiv-Gandhi-Sealink/articleshow/4753472.cms | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121025135739/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-07-08/mumbai/28209337_1_bandra-worli-sealink-rajiv-gandhi-sealink-haji-ali | url-status=live | archive-date=25 October 2012 | title = Bandra-Worli sealink named 'Rajiv Gandhi Sealink'|date=8 July 2009|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=23 August 2009}}</ref> বা '''বান্দ্ৰা–ৱৰ্লি সাগৰীয় সংযোগ''' হৈছে ৫.৬ কিলোমিটাৰ দীঘল, ৮ লেন বহল কেবল ষ্টেড দলং যিয়ে মুম্বাইৰ পশ্চিম উপকণ্ঠ অঞ্চলৰ বান্দ্ৰাক দক্ষিণ মুম্বাইৰ ৱৰ্লিৰ সৈতে সংযোগ কৰে। ই মুম্বাই ট্ৰেন্স হাৰ্বাৰ লিংকৰ পিছত দ্বিতীয় দীঘলীয়া সাগৰীয় দলং, লগতে মুম্বাই ট্ৰেন্স হাৰ্বাৰ লিংক, ভূপেন হাজৰিকা সেতু, দিবাং ৰিভাৰ ব্ৰীজ আৰু মহাত্মা গান্ধী সেতুৰ পিছত ভাৰতৰ ৫ম দীঘলীয়া দলং। ইয়াৰ দুয়োফালে প্ৰি-ষ্ট্ৰেছড কংক্ৰিট-ষ্টীলৰ ভায়াডাক্ট থাকে।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bandra Worli Sea Link |url=https://www.tylin.com/work/projects/bandra-worli-sea-link |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231209181856/https://www.tylin.com/work/projects/bandra-worli-sea-link |archive-date=2023-12-09 |access-date=2024-06-22 |website=[[T. Y. Lin International]]}}</ref> ইয়াক প্ৰস্তাৱিত পশ্চিম ফ্ৰীৱে'ৰ অংশ হিচাপে পৰিকল্পনা কৰা হৈছিল যিয়ে পশ্চিম উপকণ্ঠ অঞ্চলক মুম্বাইৰ মূল ব্যাৱসায়িক জিলাৰ নৰিমান পইণ্টৰ সৈতে সংযোগ কৰিব, কিন্তু এতিয়া ইয়াক কাণ্ডীৱলীলৈ যোৱা উপকূলীয় পথৰ অংশ হিচাপে লোৱাৰ পৰিকল্পনা কৰা হৈছে।<ref>{{Cite news |last=Fernandes |first=Jocelyn |date=2024-03-12 |title=Mumbai Coastal Road opens to the public today: Features, toll, route to use and more. Check details here |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/mumbai-coastal-road-opens-to-the-public-today-features-toll-route-to-use-and-more-check-details-here-11710222481009.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240312072650/https://www.livemint.com/news/india/mumbai-coastal-road-opens-to-the-public-today-features-toll-route-to-use-and-more-check-details-here-11710222481009.html |archive-date=2024-03-12 |access-date=2024-06-22 |work=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]]}}</ref> [[File:Bandra Worli Sealink Reflection.jpg|thumb| বান্দ্ৰা-ৱৰ্লি সাগৰীয় সংযোগ প্ৰাথমিক বাৰিষাৰ সময়ত]] ৫.৬ কিলোমিটাৰ (৩.৫ মাইল) দৈৰ্ঘ্যৰ এই দলংখন মহাৰাষ্ট্ৰ ৰাজ্যিক পথ উন্নয়ন নিগমৰ (এমএছআৰডিচি)ৰ কাম আৰম্ভ কৰিছিল, আৰু হিন্দুস্তান কনষ্ট্ৰাকচন কোম্পানীয়ে নিৰ্মাণ কৰিছিল। ২০০৯ চনৰ ৩০ জুনত দলংখনৰ আঠটা লেনৰ ভিতৰত প্ৰথম চাৰিটা লেন জনসাধাৰণৰ বাবে মুকলি কৰা হয়।<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bandraworlisealink.com/details.html |title=Refer to Package IV – Project Status |publisher=Bandraworlisealink.com |date=1 July 2009 |access-date=31 August 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100724044455/http://bandraworlisealink.com/details.html |archive-date=24 July 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref>২০১০ চনৰ ২৪ মাৰ্চৰপৰা আটাইকেইটা লেন কাৰ্যক্ষম হয়। সাগৰীয় সংযোগে বান্দ্ৰা আৰু ৱৰ্লিৰ মাজত শীৰ্ষ সময়ত যাত্ৰাৰ সময় ২০ – ৩০ মিনিটৰপৰা ১০ মিনিটলৈ হ্ৰাস কৰে।<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/bandra-worli-sea-link-extendedto-haji-ali/323162/ |title=Bandra-Worli sea link extended up to Haji Ali |work=Business Standard |date=16 May 2008 |access-date=31 August 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607184945/http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/bandra-worli-sea-link-extendedto-haji-ali/323162/ |archive-date=7 June 2011 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> ২০১৮ চনলৈকে বি ডব্লিউ এছ এলৰ গড় দৈনিক প্ৰায় ৩২,৩১২খন বাহনৰ যাতায়াত আছিল।<ref>{{cite news|author=Chittaranjan Tembhekar |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/Sea-link-finances-cause-concern/articleshow/5079109.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121025135754/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-10-02/mumbai/28088251_1_bandra-worli-sea-link-toll-collection-msrdc |url-status=live |archive-date=25 October 2012 |title=Sea link finances cause concern – Mumbai – City |date=2 October 2009 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=3 August 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sharma |first=R |date=30 April 2018 |title=Bandra-Worli sea link: Traffic falls 13% in 2017-18 |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/business/roadways-bandra-worli-sea-link-traffic-falls-13-in-2017-18-1150211/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230505102444/https://www.financialexpress.com/business/roadways-bandra-worli-sea-link-traffic-falls-13-in-2017-18-1150211/ |archive-date=5 May 2023 |access-date=5 May 2023 |website=Financial Express}}</ref> ==ইতিহাস== মহিম ক’জৱে আছিল পশ্চিম উপকণ্ঠ অঞ্চলক [[মুম্বাই]]ৰ কেন্দ্ৰীয় ব্যাৱসায়িক জিলাৰ সৈতে সংযোগ কৰা একমাত্ৰ পথ। এই উত্তৰ-দক্ষিণ-পশ্চিম কৰিড’ৰটো বটলনেকত পৰিণত হৈছিল আৰু ভিৰ হোৱা সময়ত ই অত্যন্ত জনবহুল হৈ পৰিছিল। ৱেষ্টাৰ্ণ ফ্ৰীৱে প্ৰকল্পটোৱে মুম্বাইৰ সমগ্ৰ পশ্চিম উপকূলটোক সামৰি লোৱাৰ প্ৰস্তাৱ দিয়া হৈছিল যাতে যান-জঁট লাঘৱ হয়। এই ফ্ৰীৱে' ব্যৱস্থাৰ প্ৰথম পৰ্যায় হিচাপে মাহিম উপসাগৰৰ ওপৰত থকা বান্দ্ৰা–ৱৰ্লি ছি লিংক নামৰ এখন দলং প্ৰস্তাৱ কৰা হৈছিল, যিয়ে মাহিম ক'জৱেলৈ বিকল্প পথ প্ৰদান কৰিছিল।<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kingdang |first=Shubra |last2=Diwanji |first2=S |last3=Kaul |first3=Rakesh |last4=Gower |first4=Len |date=2009-11-30 |title=Making of Bandra-Worli Sea Link |url=https://mycoordinates.org/making-of-bandra-worli-sea-link/all/1/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100118080143/http://mycoordinates.org/making-of-bandra-worli-sea-link/all/1 |archive-date=2010-01-18 |access-date=2024-06-22 |website=Coordinates}}</ref> এই দলংখনে বান্দ্ৰাৰ ৱেষ্টাৰ্ণ এক্সপ্ৰেছ হাইৱে আৰু স্বামী বিবেকানন্দ ৰোডৰ সংযোগস্থল ৱৰ্লিৰ খান আব্দুল গফ্ফাৰ খান ৰোডৰ সৈতে সংযোগ কৰে। ৱৰ্লি ছিফেচৰপৰা মুম্বাইৰ ধমনী এনি বেছাণ্ট ৰোডৰ সৈতে সংযোগ হয়। [[মহাৰাষ্ট্ৰ]] ৰাজ্যিক পথ উন্নয়ন নিগম লিমিটেড (এম এছ আৰ ডি চি)ৰ উদ্যোগত এই প্ৰকল্পৰ কাম আৰম্ভ হৈছিল। নিৰ্মাণৰ ঠিকা হিন্দুস্তান কনষ্ট্ৰাকচন কোম্পানী (HCC)ক দিয়া হয়, প্ৰকল্প পৰিচালনাৰ নেতৃত্বত ব্ৰিটেইনৰ দাৰ আল-হাণ্ডাছাহৰ কাৰ্যালয়।<ref>{{Citation|last=luckystreak03|title=Bandra Worli Sea Link|date=2007-03-11|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DVJGxnfrWno|access-date=2018-03-20|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160411205516/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DVJGxnfrWno|archive-date=11 April 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref> ১৯৯৯ চনত বসিত আচাৰৱালাই আধাৰশিলা স্থাপন কৰিছিল। মূল পৰিকল্পনাত ৬.৬ বিলিয়ন ₹ (৭৮ মিলিয়ন মাৰ্কিন ডলাৰ) খৰচ হ'ব বুলি অনুমান কৰা হৈছিল যিটো পাঁচ বছৰৰ ভিতৰত সম্পূৰ্ণ হ'ব।<ref name=dna-lookback-5>{{cite news|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/slideshow_looking-back-frustration-and-elation-of-building-the-bandra-worli-sea-link_1560872-5#top|title=Looking back: Frustration and elation of building the Bandra Worli Sea Link – Slide 5|newspaper=DNA India|date=30 June 2011|access-date=8 September 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110808214645/http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/slideshow_looking-back-frustration-and-elation-of-building-the-bandra-worli-sea-link_1560872-5#top|archive-date=8 August 2011|df=dmy-all}}</ref> কিন্তু প্ৰকল্পটোৰ বাবে বহুতো জনস্বাৰ্থৰ মামলা চলিছিল, ৫ বছৰৰ পলমৰ ফলত খৰচ ১৬ বিলিয়ন ₹ (১৯ কোটি মাৰ্কিন ডলাৰ) লৈ বৃদ্ধি পাইছিল,<ref name="dna-https://www.youtube.com/watch?v">{{cite news|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/slideshow_looking-back-frustration-and-elation-of-building-the-bandra-worli-sea-link_1560872-4#top|title=Looking back: Frustration and elation of building the Bandra Worli Sea Link – Slide 4|newspaper=DNA India|date=30 June 2011|access-date=8 September 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811105652/http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/slideshow_looking-back-frustration-and-elation-of-building-the-bandra-worli-sea-link_1560872-4#top|archive-date=11 August 2011|df=dmy-all}}</ref> কেৱল অতিৰিক্ত সুতৰ খৰচ ₹৭ বিলিয়ন (৮৩ মিলিয়ন মাৰ্কিন ডলাৰ)।<ref name=dna-lookback-5/> ==পৰিকল্পনা== সামগ্ৰিক প্ৰকল্পটো পাঁচটা অংশৰে গঠিত আছিল, সামগ্ৰিক সময়সূচী ত্বৰান্বিত কৰিবলৈ পৃথকে পৃথকে চুক্তিবদ্ধ কৰা হৈছিল। * '''পেকেজ I(১)''': ৱৰ্লিৰ লাভ গ্ৰ’ভ জংচনৰ ওপৰত উৰণীয়া সেতু নিৰ্মাণ। * '''পেকেজ II(২)''': বান্দ্ৰাৰ ৱেষ্টাৰ্ণ এক্সপ্ৰেছ হাইৱে আৰু এছ ভি ৰোডৰ সংযোগস্থলত ক্লভাৰলিফ ইণ্টাৰচেঞ্জ নিৰ্মাণ। * '''তৃতীয় পেকেজ(৩)''': আদান-প্ৰদানৰপৰা বান্দ্ৰা ফালে টোল প্লাজালৈকে ৰাজহুৱা প্ৰমেনেডৰ সৈতে কঠিন এপ্ৰ’চ পথ নিৰ্মাণ *'''পেকেজ IV(৪)''': বান্দ্ৰাৰ শেষৰফালে ৱৰ্লিৰপৰা টোল প্লাজালৈকে উত্তৰ আৰু দক্ষিণৰ ভায়াডাক্টৰ সৈতে কেন্দ্ৰীয় কেবল-ষ্টেড স্পেন নিৰ্মাণ। * '''পেকেজ V(৫)''': খান আব্দুল গফ্ফৰ খান পথৰ উন্নতি। পেকেজ IV '''(৪)''' আছিল মূল পৰ্যায়, আন পেকেজসমূহে সমৰ্থনকাৰী আন্তঃগাঁথনি প্ৰদান কৰিছিল। === ভূতত্ত্ব === দলঙৰ ডিজাইন আৰম্ভ হোৱাৰ পূৰ্বে পৰিকল্পিত পথৰ অধীনত সাগৰৰ তলৰ জৰীপ কৰা হৈছিল। দলঙৰ তলৰ সাগৰীয় ভূতত্ত্ব বেছাল্ট, আগ্নেয়গিৰিৰ টাফ আৰু ব্ৰেচিয়াৰে গঠিত আৰু কিছুমান আন্তঃট্ৰেপিয়ান নিক্ষেপ আছে। এইবোৰৰ ওপৰত সম্পূৰ্ণ বতৰত ক্ষতিগ্ৰস্ত শিল আৰু অৱশিষ্ট মাটি থাকে। এই শিলবোৰৰ শক্তি অতি দুৰ্বলৰপৰা অতি শক্তিশালী আৰু ইয়াৰ অৱস্থা অতি বতৰৰ ক্ষতিগ্ৰস্ত আৰু ভাঙি পৰাৰপৰা আৰম্ভ কৰি সতেজ, বিশাল আৰু অক্ষতলৈকে। বতৰৰ ক্ষতিগ্ৰস্ত শিলৰ বিছনাবোৰৰ ওপৰত পৰিবহণ মাটি, চূণশিলযুক্ত বেলেগ শিল আৰু মোটা দানাযুক্ত গোটৰ পাতল বিছনাখন আৰু অধিক আবৃত। এই স্তৰবোৰৰ ওপৰত ৯ মিটাৰ ডাঠ সাগৰীয় মাটিৰ স্তৰ থাকে যিটো গাঢ় বাদামী ৰঙৰ মাটিৰ পলিৰে গঠিত আৰু তাৰ ওপৰত কিছু মিহি বালি পলিত সোমাই থকা বতৰৰ ক্ষতিগ্ৰস্ত, গাঢ় বাদামী বেছাল্টিক শিলবোৰ থাকে। === নক্সা === বিডব্লিউএসএল ভাৰতৰ মুকলি সাগৰত নিৰ্মিত প্ৰথমটো কেবল-ষ্টেইড দলং হিচাপে ডিজাইন কৰা হৈছিল। ইয়াৰ তলৰ ভূ-তাত্ত্বিক গঠনৰ বাবে, পায়লনসমূহৰ জ্যামিতি অত্যন্ত জটিল আৰু বান্দ্ৰা চেনেলৰ ওপৰত থকা মূল স্প্যানটো কংক্ৰিট ডেকৰ সহায়ত নিৰ্মাণ কৰা এতিয়ালৈকে অন্যতম দীঘল স্প্যান। এই অভিযান্ত্ৰিক জটিলতাসমূহৰ সৈতে দলংখনৰ নান্দনিকতাৰ ভৰসাম্য ৰক্ষা কৰাটো প্ৰকল্পটোৰ বাবে এক ডাঙৰ প্ৰত্যাহ্বান আছিল। ভায়াডাক্টৰ ছুপাৰষ্ট্ৰাকচাৰসমূহ (superstructure) ভাৰতত নিৰ্মাণ কৰা আটাইতকৈ গধুৰ প্ৰি-কাষ্ট ছেগমেণ্ট আছিল। কেইবাটাও উলম্ব আৰু অনুভূমিক বক্ৰৰেখাৰ মাজেৰে অভাৰহেড গেণ্ট্ৰি ব্যৱহাৰ কৰি স্প্যান-বাই-স্প্যান পদ্ধতিৰে এইবোৰ নিৰ্মাণ কৰা হৈছিল। দলঙৰ ডেকৰ ২০,০০০ টন বান্দ্ৰা-এণ্ড স্পেন পৰিকল্পনা আৰু উচ্চতাৰ বিচ্যুতিৰ অতি ঘনিষ্ঠ সহনশীলতাৰ ভিতৰত ষ্টে কেবলৰদ্বাৰা সমৰ্থিত। বান্দ্ৰা-ৱৰ্লী ছি লিংক আছিল মুম্বাইৰ প্ৰথমটো আন্তঃগাঁথনি প্ৰকল্প য’ত ভূমিকম্প প্ৰতিৰোধী 'ছেইচমিক এৰেষ্টাৰ' ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হৈছিল। ইয়াৰ ফলত দলংখনে [[ৰিখটাৰ স্কেল]]ত ৭.০ প্ৰাবল্য পৰ্যন্ত [[ভূমিকম্প]] সহ্য কৰিবলৈ সক্ষম হ’ব।<ref>[http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report_eastern-freeway-to-have-seismic-arresters_1809399 Eastern freeway to have seismic arresters - Mumbai - DNA] [https://web.archive.org/web/20130313043134/http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report_eastern-freeway-to-have-seismic-arresters_1809399 Archived] 13 March 2013 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]]. Dnaindia.com. Retrieved on 6 December 2013.</ref> === ভেটি আৰু উপগাঁথনি === দলংখনৰ গাঁথনি নিৰ্মাণৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত ডাঙৰ অভিযান্ত্ৰিক প্ৰত্যাহ্বানৰ সৃষ্টি হৈছিল। ইয়াৰ ভিতৰত সাগৰৰ তলিৰ সামুদ্ৰিক ভূ-তত্ত্বৰ বাবে অত্যন্ত পৰিৱৰ্তনশীল ভূ-কাৰিকৰী অৱস্থা অন্যতম আছিল। কেতিয়াবা, আনকি এটা পাইলৰ বাবে নিৰ্ধাৰিত ক্ষেত্ৰফলৰ ভেটিও অত্যন্ত অসমান আছিল। এক পৰিৱৰ্তনশীল আন্তঃজোৱাৰ মণ্ডলৰ উপস্থিতিয়ে অধিক জটিলতাৰ সৃষ্টি কৰিছিল, য’ত ভেটিৰ কিছু অংশ ভাটাত উন্মুক্ত হৈ পৰিছিল আৰু জোৱাৰৰ সময়ত পানীত ডুবি গৈছিল। বি ডব্লিউ এচ এল-ৰকেবল-ষ্টেইড দলংসমূহৰ ভেটিসমূহ ২,০০০ মিলিমিটাৰ (৬.৬ ফুট) ব্যাসৰ ১২০টা ৰিইনফ'ৰ্চড কংক্ৰিট পাইলেৰে গঠিত। ভায়াডাক্টসমূহৰ বাবে ১,৫০০ মিলিমিটাৰ (৪.৯ ফুট) ব্যাসৰ ৪৮৪টা পাইল ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হৈছে। এই ৬০৪টা পাইল অত্যন্ত ক্ষয়প্ৰাপ্ত আগ্নেয় পদাৰ্থৰপৰা আৰম্ভ কৰি বিশাল শক্তিশালী শিলা পৰ্যন্ত বিভিন্ন ভূ-কাৰিকৰী পৰিৱেশত মাটিৰ তলত ৬ মিটাৰৰপৰা ৩৪ মিটাৰ গভীৰতালৈকে স্থাপন কৰা হৈছিল। === পাইল খুঁটা === দলংখনৰ আটাইতকৈ ডাঙৰ পাইলসমূহ ১২৮ মিটাৰ (৪২০ ফুট) উচ্চতাৰ হীৰা সদৃশ কংক্ৰিট খুঁটাৰে গঠিত। ইয়াত তলৰফালে ক্ৰমান্বয়ে বহল হৈ যোৱা খুঁটা, ওপৰৰফালে একত্ৰিত হোৱা খুঁটা, আৰু কেবলসমূহ ধৰি ৰাখিবলৈ এটা সংলগ্ন টাৱাৰ হেড আছে। ইয়াৰ উপৰি, টাৱাৰটোৰ উচ্চতা অনুসৰি ইয়াৰ প্ৰস্থচ্ছেদ একেৰাহে পৰিৱৰ্তনশীল। দলংখনৰ পাইল খুঁটাসমূহৰ প্ৰস্থচ্ছেদ উচ্চতাৰ লগত ক্ৰমান্বয়ে কমি গৈছে। এইবোৰত প্ৰতি ৩ মিটাৰ উচ্চতাত পথালি খাঁজ আছে, যিবোৰে ইনচাৰ্টসমূহ স্থাপনত সুবিধা কৰি দিছিল। বৃত্তাকাৰ অংশবোৰত থকা উলম্ব খাঁজবোৰৰ বাবে বিশেষ ফৰ্ম লাইনাৰৰ প্ৰয়োজন হৈছিল আৰু সাঁচ খোলাৰ সময়তো বিশেষ সাৱধানতাৰ প্ৰয়োজন হৈছিল। টাৱাৰৰ খুঁটাবোৰ দুয়ো দিশত হেলনীয়া আছিল, যাৰ ফলত ইয়াৰ সংৰেখন আৰু ছ’লজাৰ বগাই যোৱাৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত প্ৰত্যাহ্বানৰ সৃষ্টি হৈছিল। নিৰ্মাণৰ গাঁঠিবোৰ কেৱল ৩ মিটাৰ ব্যৱধানতহে অনুমতি দিয়া হৈছিল। পাইল খুঁটাসমূহ নিৰ্মাণ কৰিবলৈ অষ্ট্ৰিয়াৰ 'ডকা' কোম্পানীক তেওঁলোকৰ SKE-100 স্বয়ংক্ৰিয় ক্লাইম্বিং শ্বাটাৰ ছিষ্টেমৰ ওপৰত ভিত্তি কৰি এটা বিশেষ স্বয়ংক্ৰিয় ক্লাইম্বিং শ্বাটাৰ ফৰ্মৱৰ্ক প্ৰণালী প্ৰস্তুত কৰিবলৈ দায়িত্ব দিয়া হৈছিল। এইটো নিৰ্মাণস্থলীতে তৈয়াৰ কৰা হৈছিল আৰু ডেক লেভেলৰ তলৰ টাৱাৰৰ খুঁটাসমূহ ওপৰলৈ উঠোৱাৰ সকলো কামত ইয়াক ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হৈছিল। === প্ৰি-কাষ্ট চোতাল === প্ৰি-কাষ্ট চোতালখন পুনৰুদ্ধাৰ কৰা মাটিত আছিল। প্ৰকল্পটোৰ বাবে ২৩৪২টা কংক্ৰিট-ষ্টীলৰ প্ৰি-কাষ্ট ছেগমেণ্টৰ ঢালাই, সংৰক্ষণ আৰু পৰিচালনাৰ ব্যৱস্থা কৰা হৈছিল চোতালখনে। চোতালখনৰ সংৰক্ষণ ক্ষমতাৰ প্ৰয়োজনীয়তা আছিল প্ৰায় ৪৭০টা প্ৰিকাষ্ট ছেগমেণ্ট। যিহেতু উপলব্ধ ক্ষেত্ৰখন সীমিত আছিল, সেয়েহে ছেগমেণ্টবোৰ তিনিটা স্তৰলৈকে ষ্টেকত সংৰক্ষণ কৰা হৈছিল। === গাঁথনি === বি ডব্লিউ এছ এল প্ৰতিটো দিশত যাতায়াতৰ বাবে যমজ অবিৰত কংক্ৰিটৰ বক্স গাৰ্ডাৰ দলঙৰ অংশৰে গঠিত। কেবল-ষ্টেড অংশৰ বাহিৰে প্ৰতিটো দলঙৰ অংশ সাধাৰণতে ৫০ মিটাৰ (১৬০ ফুট) দূৰত্বত থকা ঘাটত সমৰ্থিত হয়। প্ৰতিটো অংশই ব্ৰেক-ডাউন লেন আৰু কংক্ৰিটৰ বাধাৰ সৈতে চাৰিটা লেন যাতায়াত সমৰ্থন কৰিব পৰাকৈ ডিজাইন কৰা হৈছে। ছেকচনসমূহে এফালে সেৱাৰ চাইড-ৱাকৰো ব্যৱস্থা কৰে। দলঙৰ প্ৰান্তিককৰণ উলম্ব আৰু অনুভূমিক বক্ৰৰ সৈতে সংজ্ঞায়িত কৰা হয়। দলংখন তিনিটা সুকীয়া অংশৰে গঠিত: উত্তৰ মূৰৰ ভায়াডাক্ট, কেন্দ্ৰীয় কেবল-ষ্টেড স্পেন আৰু দক্ষিণ মূৰৰ ভায়াডাক্ট। দুয়োটা ভায়াডাক্টতে প্ৰিকাষ্ট ছেগমেণ্টেল কনষ্ট্ৰাকচন ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হৈছিল। বান্দ্ৰা চেনেলত কেবল ষ্টেড দলংখনৰ ৫০ মিটাৰ-২৫০ মিটাৰ-২৫০ মিটাৰ-৫০ মিটাৰ বিন্যাস ব্যৱস্থা আৰু ৱৰ্লি চেনেলত ৫০ মিটাৰ-৫০ মিটাৰ-১৫০ মিটাৰ-৫০ মিটাৰ-৫০ মিটাৰ বিন্যাস ব্যৱস্থা আছে। [[চিত্ৰ:Bandra - Worli sea link & city lights... (17005067647).jpg|center|thumb|680x680px|পটভূমিত মুম্বাইৰ আকাশৰ ৰেখাৰ সৈতে বান্দ্ৰা-ৱৰ্লি সাগৰীয় সংযোগ, সূৰ্যাস্তৰ সময়ত]] === উত্তৰ আৰু দক্ষিণৰ ভায়াডাক্ট === মাজৰ কেবল-ষ্টেইড বিন্যাসসমূহৰ দুয়োকাষে থকা ভায়াডাক্টবোৰ ৩০০ মিটাৰ (৯৮০ ফুট) গোটত বিভক্ত কৰা হৈছে, যিবোৰত ৫০ মিটাৰৰ (১৬০ ফুট) ছটাকৈ নিৰন্তৰ বিন্যাস আছে। প্ৰতিটো গোটৰ শেষত প্ৰসাৰণ গাঁঠি প্ৰদান কৰা হৈছে। দলংখনৰ উপৰিসংৰচনা আৰু নিম্নগাঁথনি আইআৰচি ক'ডৰ অনুসৰি ডিজাইন কৰা হৈছে। ইয়াৰ নিৰ্দেশনাসমূহ আইআৰচি মানদণ্ডৰ সৈতে সংগতিপূৰ্ণ আৰু বিশেষ সামগ্ৰীৰ বাবে অতিৰিক্ত নিৰ্দেশাৱলী অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত কৰা হৈছে। ইয়াৰ ভেটি ১.৫ মিটাৰ (৪ ফুট ১১ ইঞ্চি) ব্যাসৰ ড্ৰিল কৰা পাইল (প্ৰতিটো পিয়াৰৰ বাবে চাৰিটাকৈ) আৰু পাইল কেপেৰে গঠিত। দলঙৰ বেয়াৰিংসমূহ ডিস্ক্ চানেকীৰ। দলংখনৰ বাবে মডুলাৰ এক্সপানচন জয়ণ্টসমূহ ছুইজাৰলেণ্ডৰ চিভিল ইঞ্জিনিয়াৰিং প্ৰতিষ্ঠান 'মাজেবা'ই যোগান ধৰিছিল।<ref>[https://www.mageba-group.com/ch/de/1023/Asien/Indien/19564/Bandra-Worli-Sea-Link.htm "Bandra Worli Sea Link"]. mageba-group.com (in German). Retrieved 6 September 2022.</ref> ভায়াডাক্টসমূহ প্ৰি-কাষ্ট, পোষ্ট-টেনচনযুক্ত, ছেগমেণ্টেল কংক্ৰিট-ষ্টীল বক্স গিৰ্ডাৰ ছেকচন ব্যৱহাৰ কৰি নিৰ্মাণ কৰা হৈছিল। প্ৰি-কাষ্ট ছেগমেণ্টসমূহৰ উপৰিসংৰচনা স্থাপন কৰিবলৈ নিৰ্মাণস্থলীত স্বয়ংক্ৰিয়ভাৱে উৎক্ষেপণ কৰিব পৰা ক্ষমতা সম্পন্ন এটা অভাৰহেড গেণ্ট্ৰি ক্ৰেন বিশেষভাৱে তৈয়াৰ কৰা হৈছিল। প্ৰি-কাষ্ট ছেগমেণ্টসমূহ প্ৰথমতে নামমাত্ৰ প্ৰি-ষ্ট্ৰেছিঙৰ সৈতে উচ্চ শক্তিৰ ইপোক্সি আঠা ব্যৱহাৰ কৰি সংযোগ কৰা হয়। পিয়াৰৰ কাষৰ শেষৰ ছেগমেণ্টবোৰ চুটি আৰু এইবোৰ "কাষ্ট-ইন-চিটু জয়ণ্ট।" প্ৰাথমিক নিৰন্তৰ টেণ্ডনসমূহৰ ওপৰত চাপ প্ৰয়োগ কৰাৰ আগতে বিন্যাসৰ জ্যামিতিক সালসলনি কৰি লোৱা হয়। ছেগমেণ্টৰ প্ৰকাৰসমূহ ইয়াৰ ৱেবৰ ডাঠ আৰু কোষত ঢলা ডায়াফ্ৰামৰপ্ৰকাৰৰ ওপৰত ভিত্তি কৰি নিৰ্ধাৰণ কৰা হৈছে। প্ৰতিটো ছেগমেণ্টৰ ওজন ১১০ ৰপৰা ১৪০ টনৰ ভিতৰত। ছেগমেণ্টৰ দৈৰ্ঘ্য ৩,০০০ ৰপৰা ৩,২০০ মিলিমিটাৰৰ (৯.৮ ৰপৰা ১০.৫ ফুট) ভিতৰত। প্ৰতিটো ৫০ মিটাৰ (১৬০ ফুট) বিন্যাসৰ সংস্থাপন সম্পূৰ্ণ হোৱাৰ পিছত ডেক পোষ্ট-টেনচনিং কৰা হয়। === কেবল-ষ্টেড বিন্যাস === বান্দ্ৰা চেনেলৰ কেবল-ষ্টেইড অংশটোৰ দৈৰ্ঘ্য এক্সপানচন জয়ণ্টসমূহৰ মাজত ৬০০ মিটাৰ (২,০০০ ফুট) আৰু ইয়াত দুটা ২৫০ মিটাৰৰ কেবল সমৰ্থিত মূল স্প্যান আছে, যাৰ দুয়োকাষে ৫০ মিটাৰৰ পৰম্পৰাগত এপ্ৰ’চ স্প্যান আছে। পিল কেপ লেভেলৰপৰা ১২৮ মিটাৰ উচ্চতাৰ এটা কেন্দ্ৰীয় টাৱাৰে 'ছেমি-হাৰ্প' বিন্যাসত চাৰিখন কেবল ষ্টেই সমতলৰ জৰিয়তে উপৰিসংৰচনাটো ধৰি ৰাখিছে। দলংখনৰ ডেকৰ সমান্তৰালভাৱে কেবলৰ ব্যৱধান হৈছে ৬.০ মিটাৰ। [[চিত্ৰ:Sea Link by Manan Jain.jpg|thumb|মূল কেবল-ষ্টেড বিন্যাস]] ৱৰ্লী চেনেলৰ কেবল-ষ্টেইড অংশটো এক্সপানচন জয়ণ্টসমূহৰ মাজত ২৫০ মিটাৰ (৮২০ ফুট) দীঘল আৰু ইয়াত এটা ১৫০ মিটাৰৰ কেবল সমৰ্থিত মূল স্প্যান আছে, যাৰ প্ৰতিটো দিশত দুটাকৈ ৫০ মিটাৰৰ পৰম্পৰাগত এপ্ৰ’চ স্প্যান আছে। ৫৫ মিটাৰ উচ্চতাৰ এটা কেন্দ্ৰীয় টাৱাৰে ছেমি-হাৰ্প বিন্যাসত চাৰিখন কেবল ষ্টেই সমতলৰ সহায়ত পিল কেপ লেভেলৰ ওপৰত উপৰিসংৰচনাটোক সমৰ্থন দিছে। ইয়াতো দলঙৰ ডেকৰ কাষে কাষে কেবলৰ ব্যৱধান ৬.০ মিটাৰ। উপৰিসংৰচনাটো যমজ প্ৰি-কাষ্ট কংক্ৰিট বক্স গিৰ্ডাৰেৰে গঠিত, যাৰ প্ৰস্থচ্ছেদ 'মাছৰ পেটৰ' দৰে আৰু ই এপ্ৰ’চ স্প্যানসমূহৰ সৈতে একে। এটা সাধাৰণ প্ৰি-কাষ্ট ছেগমেণ্টৰ দৈৰ্ঘ্য ৩.০ মিটাৰ আৰু আটাইতকৈ গধুৰ ছেগমেণ্টটোৰ ওজন প্ৰায় ১৪০ টন। এপ্ৰ’চসমূহৰ বাবে ব্যৱহৃত 'স্প্যান-বাই-স্প্যান' পদ্ধতিৰ বিপৰীতে কেবল সমৰ্থিত উপৰিসংৰচনা নিৰ্মাণৰ বাবে 'বেলেন্সড ক্যাণ্টিলিভাৰ' (balanced cantilever) পদ্ধতি ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হৈছে। প্ৰতিটো দ্বিতীয় ছেগমেণ্টৰ বাবে কেবল এনকাৰেজৰ ব্যৱস্থা কৰা হৈছে। বান্দ্ৰা চেনেলত মুঠ ২৬৪টা কেবল ষ্টেই ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হৈছে, যাৰ দৈৰ্ঘ্য প্ৰায় ৮৫ মিটাৰৰপৰা প্ৰায় ২৫০ মিটাৰ পৰ্যন্ত। টাৱাৰটো ক্লাইম্বিং ফৰ্ম পদ্ধতি ব্যৱহাৰ কৰি কাষ্ট ইন-চিটু ৰিইনফ'ৰ্চড কংক্ৰিটেৰে নিৰ্মাণ কৰা হৈছে। টাৱাৰটোৰ সামগ্ৰিক আকৃতি এটা ওলোটা "Y" সদৃশ আৰু ইয়াৰ হেলনীয়া খুঁটাবোৰ দলংখনৰ অক্ষৰ সমান্তৰালভাৱে অৱস্থিত। ফৰ্মড পকেট ব্যৱহাৰ কৰি টাৱাৰ কেবল এনকাৰেজ ৰিচেছসমূহ প্ৰস্তুত কৰা হৈছে আৰু স্থানীয় কেবল-শক্তিক প্ৰতিৰোধ কৰিবলৈ টাৱাৰ হেডত ট্ৰেন্সভাৰ্চ আৰু লংগিটিউডিনেল বাৰ পোষ্ট-টেনচনিঙৰ ব্যৱস্থা কৰা হৈছে। ৱৰ্লী চেনেলত মুঠ ১৬০টা কেবল ষ্টেই ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হৈছে, যাৰ দৈৰ্ঘ্য সৰ্বনিম্ন প্ৰায় ৩০ মিটাৰৰপৰা সৰ্বাধিক প্ৰায় ৮০ মিটাৰ পৰ্যন্ত। বান্দ্ৰা চেনেলৰ দৰেই ইয়াতো টাৱাৰটো ক্লাইম্বিং ফৰ্ম পদ্ধতিৰে কাষ্ট ইন-চিটু ৰিইনফ'ৰ্চড কংক্ৰিটেৰে নিৰ্মাণ কৰা হৈছে, কিন্তু ইয়াৰ সামগ্ৰিক আকৃতি হেলনীয়া খুঁটাৰ সৈতে "I" সদৃশ। একেদৰে, ইয়াতো ফৰ্মড পকেট ব্যৱহাৰ কৰি টাৱাৰ কেবল এনকাৰেজ ৰিচেছসমূহ তৈয়াৰ কৰা হৈছে। মূল টাৱাৰটোৰ ভেটিত ২৫ মিটাৰ দৈৰ্ঘ্যৰ ২ মিটাৰ ড্ৰিল কৰা খাদ আছে। শুকান ঠাইত ছয় মিটাৰ দ ভেটি নিৰ্মাণৰ বাবে কফাৰডেম আৰু ট্ৰেমি ছিল নিৰ্মাণ ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হৈছে। == দলংখনৰ ব্যৱস্থাপনা == === টোল সংগ্ৰহ === টোল প্লাজাৰ বান্দ্ৰা শেষত ১৬টা লেন আছে। ইলেক্ট্ৰনিক টোল সংগ্ৰহ ব্যৱস্থাৰে সজ্জিত টোল প্লাজা। দুয়োটা মূৰত টোল সংগ্ৰহৰ বিকল্পসমূহৰ ভিতৰত আছে: * সঘনাই অহা-যোৱা কৰা লোকৰ বাবে বাহনত সংস্থাপিত অন-ব'ৰ্ড ইউনিটৰ জৰিয়তে স্বয়ংক্ৰিয় ইলেক্ট্ৰনিক পেমেণ্ট ব্যৱস্থা যিয়ে বাহনসমূহক ৰৈ নোযোৱাকৈ পাৰ হ'বলৈ সক্ষম কৰে।<ref>Chittaranjan Tembhekar (2 August 2012). [https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/Sea-link-test-drive-successful-e-toll-starts-today/articleshow/15320178.cms "Sea link test drive successful, e-toll starts today"]. [[দ্য টাইম্‌ছ অৱ ইণ্ডিয়া|The Times of India]].</ref> * পৰ পৰিচালিত লেনসমূহত স্মাৰ্ট কাৰ্ডৰ জৰিয়তে অৰ্ধ-স্বয়ংক্ৰিয় নগদবিহীন ইলেক্ট্ৰনিক পৰিশোধ। * টোল এটেনডেণ্টক নগদ ধনৰ জৰিয়তে পৰিশোধ কৰাৰ বাবে মেনুৱেল টোল সংগ্ৰহ ব্যৱস্থা। {| style="margin:0 auto; text-align:center; " class="wikitable" |- ! rowspan="2"| বাহন!! colspan="3" | টোল (প্ৰযোজ্য: ০১/এপ্ৰিল/২০২১)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bandra Worli Sea Link (BWSL) updated Toll rates as of April 2021 |date=April 2021|url=https://www.thelivemirror.com/mumbai-bandra-worli-sea-link-toll-costlier/}}</ref> |- ! একক যাত্ৰা||উভতি অহা যাত্ৰা||দিনটোৰ বাবে |- | [[কাৰ]] || {{INRConvert|85}} | {{INRConvert|127.5}} | {{INRConvert|212.5}} |- | টেম্প'/[[Light commercial vehicle|লঘু বাণিজ্যিক বাহন]] | {{INRConvert|130}} | {{INRConvert|195}} | {{INRConvert|325}} |- | ট্ৰাক/বাচ || {{INRConvert|175}} | {{INRConvert|262.5}} | {{INRConvert|437.5}} |} [[চিত্ৰ:Bandra-Worli Sea Link night.jpg|thumb|নিৰ্মাণৰ সময়ত প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে বান্দ্ৰা-ৱৰ্লি ছি লিংকৰ মূল কেবল স্পেন পোহৰাই তুলিছিল।]] === বিদ্যুৎ যোগান আৰু পোহৰ === এই সেতুখনত এক নিৰ্ভৰযোগ্য আৰু অতিৰিক্ত বিদ্যুৎ যোগানৰ ব্যৱস্থা আছে, যিটো ডিজেল জেনেৰেটৰ আৰু অটো মেইনছ ফেইলৰ পেনেলৰ দ্বাৰা সমৰ্থিত। এই ব্যৱস্থাই গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ কাৰ্যসমূহ যেনে নিৰীক্ষণ, তদাৰকীবিন্যাস, জৰুৰীকালীন সঁজুলি আৰু বিমান চালনা তথা প্রতিবন্ধক নিৰ্দেশকৰ দৰে যোগাযোগ সেৱাসমূহ অব্যাহত ৰাখে। BWSL-এ কেৱল শক্তি সঞ্চয়কাৰী আলোক ব্যৱস্থাহে ব্যৱহাৰ কৰে। === তদাৰকী আৰু নিৰাপত্তা === [[চিত্ৰ:Bandra-Worli Sea Link (BWSL).JPG|thumb|আলোকিত বান্দ্ৰা-ৱৰ্লি সাগৰীয় সংযোগ ৱৰ্লি স্কাইলাইন।]] এটা বুদ্ধিমান সেতু ব্যৱস্থাপনা প্ৰণালীয়ে যান-বাহনৰ তথ্য, তদাৰকী, নিৰীক্ষণ আৰু নিয়ন্ত্ৰণ ব্যৱস্থা প্ৰদান কৰে। ইয়াত চিচিটিভি, স্বয়ংক্ৰিয় যান-বাহন গণক আৰু বাহন শ্ৰেণীবিভাজন প্ৰণালী, পৰিৱৰ্তনশীল বাৰ্তা ফলক, দূৰৱৰ্তী বতৰৰ তথ্য প্ৰণালী আৰু জৰুৰীকালীন টেলিফোন অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত থাকে। ইয়াৰ নিয়ন্ত্ৰণ কেন্দ্ৰটো ইলেক্ট্ৰনিক টোল সংগ্ৰহ কেন্দ্ৰৰ সৈতে টোল প্লাজাৰ ওচৰত অৱস্থিত। এই নিয়ন্ত্ৰণ ব্যৱস্থাত সমগ্ৰ বি.ডব্লিউ.এচ.এল. জুৰি বিস্তৃত হৈ থকা ফাইবাৰ-অপটিক কেবল ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়। ইয়াত টোল সংগ্ৰহ আৰু উন্নত যান-বাহন ব্যৱস্থাপনা প্ৰণালী স্থাপন কৰা হৈছে। যান-বাহন আইন বলবৎ কৰাৰ বাবে, এই সেতুখনত এনফৰ্চমেণ্ট বিষয়াৰ দ্বাৰা কোনো বাহন ৰখোৱাৰ নিৰ্দেশ দিলে বা বাহন বিকল হ’লে পাৰ্শ্বৱৰ্তী ঠাইত ৰখাৰ সুবিধা আছে। চি-লিংকত যাতায়াত কৰা বাহনসমূহৰ বাবে সেতুখনত ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ বিস্ফোৰক স্কেনাৰ ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়।<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111003042330/http://www.mynews.in/News/Mumbai-Bandra-Worli_sea_link_N26393.html "Mumbai police commissioner asks MSRDC to ensure security of Bandra-Worli sealink"]. Mynews.in. 22 September 2009. Archived from [http://www.mynews.in/News/Mumbai-Bandra-Worli_sea_link_N26393.html the original] on 3 October 2011. Retrieved 3 August 2010</ref> প্ৰতিখন বাহনৰ ওপৰত আৰু তলত থকা ছেন্সৰৰ জৰিয়তে পৰীক্ষা কৰিবলৈ ২০ ছেকেণ্ডতকৈও কম সময় লাগে। প্ৰতিটো স্কেনাৰে প্ৰতি ঘণ্টাত ১৮০ খনতকৈও অধিক গাড়ী স্কেন কৰিব পাৰে।<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20121018181410/http://www.hindustantimes.com/tabloid-news/mumbai/Your-car-will-be-scanned/Article1-578713.aspx "Your car will be scanned - Hindustan Times"]. Archived from [http://www.hindustantimes.com/tabloid-news/mumbai/Your-car-will-be-scanned/Article1-578713.aspx the original] on 18 October 2012. Retrieved 3 August 2010.</ref><ref>Source: DNAIndia. [https://web.archive.org/web/20110617023440/http://news.indiainfo.com/bandra-worli-sea-link-will-get-hi-tech-security-1461695.html "Bandra-Worli Sea Link will get hi-tech security"]. News.indiainfo.com. Archived from [http://news.indiainfo.com/bandra-worli-sea-link-will-get-hi-tech-security-1461695.html the origina]l on 17 June 2011. Retrieved 3 August 2010.</ref> ==চিত্ৰ== <gallery> File:Mumbai Bandra-Worli Sea Link.jpg|thumb|বান্দ্ৰা–ৱৰ্লি সাগৰীয় সংযোগ File:Gateway to Connectivity The Bandra-Worli Sea Link.jpg|thumb|ৱৰ্লি আকাশৰ বিপৰীতে দেখা অগ্ৰভূমিত বি ডব্লিউ এছ এলৰ উত্তৰ ভায়াডাক্ট। বান্দ্ৰা দুৰ্গৰপৰা দৃশ্য File:Bandra -Worli Sea Link.jpg|thumb|মাহিম উপসাগৰৰ ওপৰেৰে বিস্তৃত দাদাৰ চৌপাটিৰপৰা বান্দ্ৰা ৱৰ্লি সাগৰীয় লিংকৰ সূৰ্যাস্তৰ দৃশ্য File:BWSL Cable Stay Bridge.jpg|thumb|বি ডব্লিউ এছ এলৰ আটাইতকৈ ডাঙৰ পাইলন টাৱাৰবোৰ ১২৮ মিটাৰ (৪২০ ফুট) উচ্চতাত </gallery> ==তথ্য সংগ্ৰহ== {{Reflist}} [[শ্ৰেণী:দলং]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ভাৰতৰ দলং]] 88e6n2duvt3p68b09qdd92yky2riclb 605943 605942 2026-05-12T07:45:26Z যদুমণি 32127 /* তদাৰকী আৰু নিৰাপত্তা */ 605943 wikitext text/x-wiki {{সম্পাদনা দ্বন্দ্ব}} {{Infobox bridge | bridge_name = বান্দ্ৰা-ৱৰ্লী সাগৰীয় সংযোগ | image = Bandra–Worli Sea Link.jpg | caption = বান্দ্ৰা দুৰ্গৰপৰা দৃশ্য | official_name = ৰাজীৱ গান্ধী সাগৰীয় সংযোগ | other_name = | carries = ৮-লেন (প্ৰতি দিশত ৪খনকৈ লেন) | crosses = মহিম উপসাগৰ | location = [[মুম্বাই]], [[মহাৰাষ্ট্ৰ]], [[ভাৰত]] | owner = মহাৰাষ্ট্ৰ চৰকাৰ | maint = মহাৰাষ্ট্ৰ ৰাজ্যিক পথ উন্নয়ন নিগম (MSRDC) | designer = আকাশ বেনাৰ্জী | engineering = | design = কেবল্-ষ্টেইড্ (Cable-stayed) মুখ্য স্পেন; দুয়োটা মূৰে কংক্ৰিট-তীখাৰ প্ৰিকাষ্ট ছেগমেণ্ট ভায়াডাক্ট | material = | length = ৫.৬ কি:মি: | width = ২ x ২০ মিটাৰ | height = ১২৬ মিটাৰ | mainspan = ২ x ২৫০ মিটাৰ | spans = | pierswater = | load = | clearance = | builder = হিন্দুস্তান কনষ্ট্ৰাকশ্যন কোম্পানী (HCC India) | fabricator = | begin = ২০০০ | complete = ৩০ জুন, ২০০৯ | cost = | open = ২৪ মাৰ্চ, ২০১০ | inaugurated = | toll = ৮৫ টকা (গাড়ী) <br /> ১১০ টকা (LCV) <br /> ১৪৫ টকা (গধুৰ বাহন) | traffic = | preceded = | followed = | heritage = | collapsed = | closed = | replaces = | coordinates = {{coord|19.0364|72.8172|region:IN_scale:10000_type:landmark|display=inline,title}} | mapframe-marker = bridge }} '''ৰাজীৱ গান্ধী সাগৰীয় সেতু'''<ref name=toi-naming>{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/Bandra-Worli-sealink-named-Rajiv-Gandhi-Sealink/articleshow/4753472.cms | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121025135739/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-07-08/mumbai/28209337_1_bandra-worli-sealink-rajiv-gandhi-sealink-haji-ali | url-status=live | archive-date=25 October 2012 | title = Bandra-Worli sealink named 'Rajiv Gandhi Sealink'|date=8 July 2009|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=23 August 2009}}</ref> বা '''বান্দ্ৰা–ৱৰ্লি সাগৰীয় সংযোগ''' হৈছে ৫.৬ কিলোমিটাৰ দীঘল, ৮ লেন বহল কেবল ষ্টেড দলং যিয়ে মুম্বাইৰ পশ্চিম উপকণ্ঠ অঞ্চলৰ বান্দ্ৰাক দক্ষিণ মুম্বাইৰ ৱৰ্লিৰ সৈতে সংযোগ কৰে। ই মুম্বাই ট্ৰেন্স হাৰ্বাৰ লিংকৰ পিছত দ্বিতীয় দীঘলীয়া সাগৰীয় দলং, লগতে মুম্বাই ট্ৰেন্স হাৰ্বাৰ লিংক, ভূপেন হাজৰিকা সেতু, দিবাং ৰিভাৰ ব্ৰীজ আৰু মহাত্মা গান্ধী সেতুৰ পিছত ভাৰতৰ ৫ম দীঘলীয়া দলং। ইয়াৰ দুয়োফালে প্ৰি-ষ্ট্ৰেছড কংক্ৰিট-ষ্টীলৰ ভায়াডাক্ট থাকে।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bandra Worli Sea Link |url=https://www.tylin.com/work/projects/bandra-worli-sea-link |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231209181856/https://www.tylin.com/work/projects/bandra-worli-sea-link |archive-date=2023-12-09 |access-date=2024-06-22 |website=[[T. Y. Lin International]]}}</ref> ইয়াক প্ৰস্তাৱিত পশ্চিম ফ্ৰীৱে'ৰ অংশ হিচাপে পৰিকল্পনা কৰা হৈছিল যিয়ে পশ্চিম উপকণ্ঠ অঞ্চলক মুম্বাইৰ মূল ব্যাৱসায়িক জিলাৰ নৰিমান পইণ্টৰ সৈতে সংযোগ কৰিব, কিন্তু এতিয়া ইয়াক কাণ্ডীৱলীলৈ যোৱা উপকূলীয় পথৰ অংশ হিচাপে লোৱাৰ পৰিকল্পনা কৰা হৈছে।<ref>{{Cite news |last=Fernandes |first=Jocelyn |date=2024-03-12 |title=Mumbai Coastal Road opens to the public today: Features, toll, route to use and more. Check details here |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/mumbai-coastal-road-opens-to-the-public-today-features-toll-route-to-use-and-more-check-details-here-11710222481009.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240312072650/https://www.livemint.com/news/india/mumbai-coastal-road-opens-to-the-public-today-features-toll-route-to-use-and-more-check-details-here-11710222481009.html |archive-date=2024-03-12 |access-date=2024-06-22 |work=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]]}}</ref> [[File:Bandra Worli Sealink Reflection.jpg|thumb| বান্দ্ৰা-ৱৰ্লি সাগৰীয় সংযোগ প্ৰাথমিক বাৰিষাৰ সময়ত]] ৫.৬ কিলোমিটাৰ (৩.৫ মাইল) দৈৰ্ঘ্যৰ এই দলংখন মহাৰাষ্ট্ৰ ৰাজ্যিক পথ উন্নয়ন নিগমৰ (এমএছআৰডিচি)ৰ কাম আৰম্ভ কৰিছিল, আৰু হিন্দুস্তান কনষ্ট্ৰাকচন কোম্পানীয়ে নিৰ্মাণ কৰিছিল। ২০০৯ চনৰ ৩০ জুনত দলংখনৰ আঠটা লেনৰ ভিতৰত প্ৰথম চাৰিটা লেন জনসাধাৰণৰ বাবে মুকলি কৰা হয়।<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bandraworlisealink.com/details.html |title=Refer to Package IV – Project Status |publisher=Bandraworlisealink.com |date=1 July 2009 |access-date=31 August 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100724044455/http://bandraworlisealink.com/details.html |archive-date=24 July 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref>২০১০ চনৰ ২৪ মাৰ্চৰপৰা আটাইকেইটা লেন কাৰ্যক্ষম হয়। সাগৰীয় সংযোগে বান্দ্ৰা আৰু ৱৰ্লিৰ মাজত শীৰ্ষ সময়ত যাত্ৰাৰ সময় ২০ – ৩০ মিনিটৰপৰা ১০ মিনিটলৈ হ্ৰাস কৰে।<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/bandra-worli-sea-link-extendedto-haji-ali/323162/ |title=Bandra-Worli sea link extended up to Haji Ali |work=Business Standard |date=16 May 2008 |access-date=31 August 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607184945/http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/bandra-worli-sea-link-extendedto-haji-ali/323162/ |archive-date=7 June 2011 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> ২০১৮ চনলৈকে বি ডব্লিউ এছ এলৰ গড় দৈনিক প্ৰায় ৩২,৩১২খন বাহনৰ যাতায়াত আছিল।<ref>{{cite news|author=Chittaranjan Tembhekar |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/Sea-link-finances-cause-concern/articleshow/5079109.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121025135754/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-10-02/mumbai/28088251_1_bandra-worli-sea-link-toll-collection-msrdc |url-status=live |archive-date=25 October 2012 |title=Sea link finances cause concern – Mumbai – City |date=2 October 2009 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=3 August 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sharma |first=R |date=30 April 2018 |title=Bandra-Worli sea link: Traffic falls 13% in 2017-18 |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/business/roadways-bandra-worli-sea-link-traffic-falls-13-in-2017-18-1150211/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230505102444/https://www.financialexpress.com/business/roadways-bandra-worli-sea-link-traffic-falls-13-in-2017-18-1150211/ |archive-date=5 May 2023 |access-date=5 May 2023 |website=Financial Express}}</ref> ==ইতিহাস== মহিম ক’জৱে আছিল পশ্চিম উপকণ্ঠ অঞ্চলক [[মুম্বাই]]ৰ কেন্দ্ৰীয় ব্যাৱসায়িক জিলাৰ সৈতে সংযোগ কৰা একমাত্ৰ পথ। এই উত্তৰ-দক্ষিণ-পশ্চিম কৰিড’ৰটো বটলনেকত পৰিণত হৈছিল আৰু ভিৰ হোৱা সময়ত ই অত্যন্ত জনবহুল হৈ পৰিছিল। ৱেষ্টাৰ্ণ ফ্ৰীৱে প্ৰকল্পটোৱে মুম্বাইৰ সমগ্ৰ পশ্চিম উপকূলটোক সামৰি লোৱাৰ প্ৰস্তাৱ দিয়া হৈছিল যাতে যান-জঁট লাঘৱ হয়। এই ফ্ৰীৱে' ব্যৱস্থাৰ প্ৰথম পৰ্যায় হিচাপে মাহিম উপসাগৰৰ ওপৰত থকা বান্দ্ৰা–ৱৰ্লি ছি লিংক নামৰ এখন দলং প্ৰস্তাৱ কৰা হৈছিল, যিয়ে মাহিম ক'জৱেলৈ বিকল্প পথ প্ৰদান কৰিছিল।<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kingdang |first=Shubra |last2=Diwanji |first2=S |last3=Kaul |first3=Rakesh |last4=Gower |first4=Len |date=2009-11-30 |title=Making of Bandra-Worli Sea Link |url=https://mycoordinates.org/making-of-bandra-worli-sea-link/all/1/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100118080143/http://mycoordinates.org/making-of-bandra-worli-sea-link/all/1 |archive-date=2010-01-18 |access-date=2024-06-22 |website=Coordinates}}</ref> এই দলংখনে বান্দ্ৰাৰ ৱেষ্টাৰ্ণ এক্সপ্ৰেছ হাইৱে আৰু স্বামী বিবেকানন্দ ৰোডৰ সংযোগস্থল ৱৰ্লিৰ খান আব্দুল গফ্ফাৰ খান ৰোডৰ সৈতে সংযোগ কৰে। ৱৰ্লি ছিফেচৰপৰা মুম্বাইৰ ধমনী এনি বেছাণ্ট ৰোডৰ সৈতে সংযোগ হয়। [[মহাৰাষ্ট্ৰ]] ৰাজ্যিক পথ উন্নয়ন নিগম লিমিটেড (এম এছ আৰ ডি চি)ৰ উদ্যোগত এই প্ৰকল্পৰ কাম আৰম্ভ হৈছিল। নিৰ্মাণৰ ঠিকা হিন্দুস্তান কনষ্ট্ৰাকচন কোম্পানী (HCC)ক দিয়া হয়, প্ৰকল্প পৰিচালনাৰ নেতৃত্বত ব্ৰিটেইনৰ দাৰ আল-হাণ্ডাছাহৰ কাৰ্যালয়।<ref>{{Citation|last=luckystreak03|title=Bandra Worli Sea Link|date=2007-03-11|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DVJGxnfrWno|access-date=2018-03-20|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160411205516/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DVJGxnfrWno|archive-date=11 April 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref> ১৯৯৯ চনত বসিত আচাৰৱালাই আধাৰশিলা স্থাপন কৰিছিল। মূল পৰিকল্পনাত ৬.৬ বিলিয়ন ₹ (৭৮ মিলিয়ন মাৰ্কিন ডলাৰ) খৰচ হ'ব বুলি অনুমান কৰা হৈছিল যিটো পাঁচ বছৰৰ ভিতৰত সম্পূৰ্ণ হ'ব।<ref name=dna-lookback-5>{{cite news|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/slideshow_looking-back-frustration-and-elation-of-building-the-bandra-worli-sea-link_1560872-5#top|title=Looking back: Frustration and elation of building the Bandra Worli Sea Link – Slide 5|newspaper=DNA India|date=30 June 2011|access-date=8 September 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110808214645/http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/slideshow_looking-back-frustration-and-elation-of-building-the-bandra-worli-sea-link_1560872-5#top|archive-date=8 August 2011|df=dmy-all}}</ref> কিন্তু প্ৰকল্পটোৰ বাবে বহুতো জনস্বাৰ্থৰ মামলা চলিছিল, ৫ বছৰৰ পলমৰ ফলত খৰচ ১৬ বিলিয়ন ₹ (১৯ কোটি মাৰ্কিন ডলাৰ) লৈ বৃদ্ধি পাইছিল,<ref name="dna-https://www.youtube.com/watch?v">{{cite news|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/slideshow_looking-back-frustration-and-elation-of-building-the-bandra-worli-sea-link_1560872-4#top|title=Looking back: Frustration and elation of building the Bandra Worli Sea Link – Slide 4|newspaper=DNA India|date=30 June 2011|access-date=8 September 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811105652/http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/slideshow_looking-back-frustration-and-elation-of-building-the-bandra-worli-sea-link_1560872-4#top|archive-date=11 August 2011|df=dmy-all}}</ref> কেৱল অতিৰিক্ত সুতৰ খৰচ ₹৭ বিলিয়ন (৮৩ মিলিয়ন মাৰ্কিন ডলাৰ)।<ref name=dna-lookback-5/> ==পৰিকল্পনা== সামগ্ৰিক প্ৰকল্পটো পাঁচটা অংশৰে গঠিত আছিল, সামগ্ৰিক সময়সূচী ত্বৰান্বিত কৰিবলৈ পৃথকে পৃথকে চুক্তিবদ্ধ কৰা হৈছিল। * '''পেকেজ I(১)''': ৱৰ্লিৰ লাভ গ্ৰ’ভ জংচনৰ ওপৰত উৰণীয়া সেতু নিৰ্মাণ। * '''পেকেজ II(২)''': বান্দ্ৰাৰ ৱেষ্টাৰ্ণ এক্সপ্ৰেছ হাইৱে আৰু এছ ভি ৰোডৰ সংযোগস্থলত ক্লভাৰলিফ ইণ্টাৰচেঞ্জ নিৰ্মাণ। * '''তৃতীয় পেকেজ(৩)''': আদান-প্ৰদানৰপৰা বান্দ্ৰা ফালে টোল প্লাজালৈকে ৰাজহুৱা প্ৰমেনেডৰ সৈতে কঠিন এপ্ৰ’চ পথ নিৰ্মাণ *'''পেকেজ IV(৪)''': বান্দ্ৰাৰ শেষৰফালে ৱৰ্লিৰপৰা টোল প্লাজালৈকে উত্তৰ আৰু দক্ষিণৰ ভায়াডাক্টৰ সৈতে কেন্দ্ৰীয় কেবল-ষ্টেড স্পেন নিৰ্মাণ। * '''পেকেজ V(৫)''': খান আব্দুল গফ্ফৰ খান পথৰ উন্নতি। পেকেজ IV '''(৪)''' আছিল মূল পৰ্যায়, আন পেকেজসমূহে সমৰ্থনকাৰী আন্তঃগাঁথনি প্ৰদান কৰিছিল। === ভূতত্ত্ব === দলঙৰ ডিজাইন আৰম্ভ হোৱাৰ পূৰ্বে পৰিকল্পিত পথৰ অধীনত সাগৰৰ তলৰ জৰীপ কৰা হৈছিল। দলঙৰ তলৰ সাগৰীয় ভূতত্ত্ব বেছাল্ট, আগ্নেয়গিৰিৰ টাফ আৰু ব্ৰেচিয়াৰে গঠিত আৰু কিছুমান আন্তঃট্ৰেপিয়ান নিক্ষেপ আছে। এইবোৰৰ ওপৰত সম্পূৰ্ণ বতৰত ক্ষতিগ্ৰস্ত শিল আৰু অৱশিষ্ট মাটি থাকে। এই শিলবোৰৰ শক্তি অতি দুৰ্বলৰপৰা অতি শক্তিশালী আৰু ইয়াৰ অৱস্থা অতি বতৰৰ ক্ষতিগ্ৰস্ত আৰু ভাঙি পৰাৰপৰা আৰম্ভ কৰি সতেজ, বিশাল আৰু অক্ষতলৈকে। বতৰৰ ক্ষতিগ্ৰস্ত শিলৰ বিছনাবোৰৰ ওপৰত পৰিবহণ মাটি, চূণশিলযুক্ত বেলেগ শিল আৰু মোটা দানাযুক্ত গোটৰ পাতল বিছনাখন আৰু অধিক আবৃত। এই স্তৰবোৰৰ ওপৰত ৯ মিটাৰ ডাঠ সাগৰীয় মাটিৰ স্তৰ থাকে যিটো গাঢ় বাদামী ৰঙৰ মাটিৰ পলিৰে গঠিত আৰু তাৰ ওপৰত কিছু মিহি বালি পলিত সোমাই থকা বতৰৰ ক্ষতিগ্ৰস্ত, গাঢ় বাদামী বেছাল্টিক শিলবোৰ থাকে। === নক্সা === বিডব্লিউএসএল ভাৰতৰ মুকলি সাগৰত নিৰ্মিত প্ৰথমটো কেবল-ষ্টেইড দলং হিচাপে ডিজাইন কৰা হৈছিল। ইয়াৰ তলৰ ভূ-তাত্ত্বিক গঠনৰ বাবে, পায়লনসমূহৰ জ্যামিতি অত্যন্ত জটিল আৰু বান্দ্ৰা চেনেলৰ ওপৰত থকা মূল স্প্যানটো কংক্ৰিট ডেকৰ সহায়ত নিৰ্মাণ কৰা এতিয়ালৈকে অন্যতম দীঘল স্প্যান। এই অভিযান্ত্ৰিক জটিলতাসমূহৰ সৈতে দলংখনৰ নান্দনিকতাৰ ভৰসাম্য ৰক্ষা কৰাটো প্ৰকল্পটোৰ বাবে এক ডাঙৰ প্ৰত্যাহ্বান আছিল। ভায়াডাক্টৰ ছুপাৰষ্ট্ৰাকচাৰসমূহ (superstructure) ভাৰতত নিৰ্মাণ কৰা আটাইতকৈ গধুৰ প্ৰি-কাষ্ট ছেগমেণ্ট আছিল। কেইবাটাও উলম্ব আৰু অনুভূমিক বক্ৰৰেখাৰ মাজেৰে অভাৰহেড গেণ্ট্ৰি ব্যৱহাৰ কৰি স্প্যান-বাই-স্প্যান পদ্ধতিৰে এইবোৰ নিৰ্মাণ কৰা হৈছিল। দলঙৰ ডেকৰ ২০,০০০ টন বান্দ্ৰা-এণ্ড স্পেন পৰিকল্পনা আৰু উচ্চতাৰ বিচ্যুতিৰ অতি ঘনিষ্ঠ সহনশীলতাৰ ভিতৰত ষ্টে কেবলৰদ্বাৰা সমৰ্থিত। বান্দ্ৰা-ৱৰ্লী ছি লিংক আছিল মুম্বাইৰ প্ৰথমটো আন্তঃগাঁথনি প্ৰকল্প য’ত ভূমিকম্প প্ৰতিৰোধী 'ছেইচমিক এৰেষ্টাৰ' ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হৈছিল। ইয়াৰ ফলত দলংখনে [[ৰিখটাৰ স্কেল]]ত ৭.০ প্ৰাবল্য পৰ্যন্ত [[ভূমিকম্প]] সহ্য কৰিবলৈ সক্ষম হ’ব।<ref>[http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report_eastern-freeway-to-have-seismic-arresters_1809399 Eastern freeway to have seismic arresters - Mumbai - DNA] [https://web.archive.org/web/20130313043134/http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report_eastern-freeway-to-have-seismic-arresters_1809399 Archived] 13 March 2013 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]]. Dnaindia.com. Retrieved on 6 December 2013.</ref> === ভেটি আৰু উপগাঁথনি === দলংখনৰ গাঁথনি নিৰ্মাণৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত ডাঙৰ অভিযান্ত্ৰিক প্ৰত্যাহ্বানৰ সৃষ্টি হৈছিল। ইয়াৰ ভিতৰত সাগৰৰ তলিৰ সামুদ্ৰিক ভূ-তত্ত্বৰ বাবে অত্যন্ত পৰিৱৰ্তনশীল ভূ-কাৰিকৰী অৱস্থা অন্যতম আছিল। কেতিয়াবা, আনকি এটা পাইলৰ বাবে নিৰ্ধাৰিত ক্ষেত্ৰফলৰ ভেটিও অত্যন্ত অসমান আছিল। এক পৰিৱৰ্তনশীল আন্তঃজোৱাৰ মণ্ডলৰ উপস্থিতিয়ে অধিক জটিলতাৰ সৃষ্টি কৰিছিল, য’ত ভেটিৰ কিছু অংশ ভাটাত উন্মুক্ত হৈ পৰিছিল আৰু জোৱাৰৰ সময়ত পানীত ডুবি গৈছিল। বি ডব্লিউ এচ এল-ৰকেবল-ষ্টেইড দলংসমূহৰ ভেটিসমূহ ২,০০০ মিলিমিটাৰ (৬.৬ ফুট) ব্যাসৰ ১২০টা ৰিইনফ'ৰ্চড কংক্ৰিট পাইলেৰে গঠিত। ভায়াডাক্টসমূহৰ বাবে ১,৫০০ মিলিমিটাৰ (৪.৯ ফুট) ব্যাসৰ ৪৮৪টা পাইল ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হৈছে। এই ৬০৪টা পাইল অত্যন্ত ক্ষয়প্ৰাপ্ত আগ্নেয় পদাৰ্থৰপৰা আৰম্ভ কৰি বিশাল শক্তিশালী শিলা পৰ্যন্ত বিভিন্ন ভূ-কাৰিকৰী পৰিৱেশত মাটিৰ তলত ৬ মিটাৰৰপৰা ৩৪ মিটাৰ গভীৰতালৈকে স্থাপন কৰা হৈছিল। === পাইল খুঁটা === দলংখনৰ আটাইতকৈ ডাঙৰ পাইলসমূহ ১২৮ মিটাৰ (৪২০ ফুট) উচ্চতাৰ হীৰা সদৃশ কংক্ৰিট খুঁটাৰে গঠিত। ইয়াত তলৰফালে ক্ৰমান্বয়ে বহল হৈ যোৱা খুঁটা, ওপৰৰফালে একত্ৰিত হোৱা খুঁটা, আৰু কেবলসমূহ ধৰি ৰাখিবলৈ এটা সংলগ্ন টাৱাৰ হেড আছে। ইয়াৰ উপৰি, টাৱাৰটোৰ উচ্চতা অনুসৰি ইয়াৰ প্ৰস্থচ্ছেদ একেৰাহে পৰিৱৰ্তনশীল। দলংখনৰ পাইল খুঁটাসমূহৰ প্ৰস্থচ্ছেদ উচ্চতাৰ লগত ক্ৰমান্বয়ে কমি গৈছে। এইবোৰত প্ৰতি ৩ মিটাৰ উচ্চতাত পথালি খাঁজ আছে, যিবোৰে ইনচাৰ্টসমূহ স্থাপনত সুবিধা কৰি দিছিল। বৃত্তাকাৰ অংশবোৰত থকা উলম্ব খাঁজবোৰৰ বাবে বিশেষ ফৰ্ম লাইনাৰৰ প্ৰয়োজন হৈছিল আৰু সাঁচ খোলাৰ সময়তো বিশেষ সাৱধানতাৰ প্ৰয়োজন হৈছিল। টাৱাৰৰ খুঁটাবোৰ দুয়ো দিশত হেলনীয়া আছিল, যাৰ ফলত ইয়াৰ সংৰেখন আৰু ছ’লজাৰ বগাই যোৱাৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত প্ৰত্যাহ্বানৰ সৃষ্টি হৈছিল। নিৰ্মাণৰ গাঁঠিবোৰ কেৱল ৩ মিটাৰ ব্যৱধানতহে অনুমতি দিয়া হৈছিল। পাইল খুঁটাসমূহ নিৰ্মাণ কৰিবলৈ অষ্ট্ৰিয়াৰ 'ডকা' কোম্পানীক তেওঁলোকৰ SKE-100 স্বয়ংক্ৰিয় ক্লাইম্বিং শ্বাটাৰ ছিষ্টেমৰ ওপৰত ভিত্তি কৰি এটা বিশেষ স্বয়ংক্ৰিয় ক্লাইম্বিং শ্বাটাৰ ফৰ্মৱৰ্ক প্ৰণালী প্ৰস্তুত কৰিবলৈ দায়িত্ব দিয়া হৈছিল। এইটো নিৰ্মাণস্থলীতে তৈয়াৰ কৰা হৈছিল আৰু ডেক লেভেলৰ তলৰ টাৱাৰৰ খুঁটাসমূহ ওপৰলৈ উঠোৱাৰ সকলো কামত ইয়াক ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হৈছিল। === প্ৰি-কাষ্ট চোতাল === প্ৰি-কাষ্ট চোতালখন পুনৰুদ্ধাৰ কৰা মাটিত আছিল। প্ৰকল্পটোৰ বাবে ২৩৪২টা কংক্ৰিট-ষ্টীলৰ প্ৰি-কাষ্ট ছেগমেণ্টৰ ঢালাই, সংৰক্ষণ আৰু পৰিচালনাৰ ব্যৱস্থা কৰা হৈছিল চোতালখনে। চোতালখনৰ সংৰক্ষণ ক্ষমতাৰ প্ৰয়োজনীয়তা আছিল প্ৰায় ৪৭০টা প্ৰিকাষ্ট ছেগমেণ্ট। যিহেতু উপলব্ধ ক্ষেত্ৰখন সীমিত আছিল, সেয়েহে ছেগমেণ্টবোৰ তিনিটা স্তৰলৈকে ষ্টেকত সংৰক্ষণ কৰা হৈছিল। === গাঁথনি === বি ডব্লিউ এছ এল প্ৰতিটো দিশত যাতায়াতৰ বাবে যমজ অবিৰত কংক্ৰিটৰ বক্স গাৰ্ডাৰ দলঙৰ অংশৰে গঠিত। কেবল-ষ্টেড অংশৰ বাহিৰে প্ৰতিটো দলঙৰ অংশ সাধাৰণতে ৫০ মিটাৰ (১৬০ ফুট) দূৰত্বত থকা ঘাটত সমৰ্থিত হয়। প্ৰতিটো অংশই ব্ৰেক-ডাউন লেন আৰু কংক্ৰিটৰ বাধাৰ সৈতে চাৰিটা লেন যাতায়াত সমৰ্থন কৰিব পৰাকৈ ডিজাইন কৰা হৈছে। ছেকচনসমূহে এফালে সেৱাৰ চাইড-ৱাকৰো ব্যৱস্থা কৰে। দলঙৰ প্ৰান্তিককৰণ উলম্ব আৰু অনুভূমিক বক্ৰৰ সৈতে সংজ্ঞায়িত কৰা হয়। দলংখন তিনিটা সুকীয়া অংশৰে গঠিত: উত্তৰ মূৰৰ ভায়াডাক্ট, কেন্দ্ৰীয় কেবল-ষ্টেড স্পেন আৰু দক্ষিণ মূৰৰ ভায়াডাক্ট। দুয়োটা ভায়াডাক্টতে প্ৰিকাষ্ট ছেগমেণ্টেল কনষ্ট্ৰাকচন ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হৈছিল। বান্দ্ৰা চেনেলত কেবল ষ্টেড দলংখনৰ ৫০ মিটাৰ-২৫০ মিটাৰ-২৫০ মিটাৰ-৫০ মিটাৰ বিন্যাস ব্যৱস্থা আৰু ৱৰ্লি চেনেলত ৫০ মিটাৰ-৫০ মিটাৰ-১৫০ মিটাৰ-৫০ মিটাৰ-৫০ মিটাৰ বিন্যাস ব্যৱস্থা আছে। [[চিত্ৰ:Bandra - Worli sea link & city lights... (17005067647).jpg|center|thumb|680x680px|পটভূমিত মুম্বাইৰ আকাশৰ ৰেখাৰ সৈতে বান্দ্ৰা-ৱৰ্লি সাগৰীয় সংযোগ, সূৰ্যাস্তৰ সময়ত]] === উত্তৰ আৰু দক্ষিণৰ ভায়াডাক্ট === মাজৰ কেবল-ষ্টেইড বিন্যাসসমূহৰ দুয়োকাষে থকা ভায়াডাক্টবোৰ ৩০০ মিটাৰ (৯৮০ ফুট) গোটত বিভক্ত কৰা হৈছে, যিবোৰত ৫০ মিটাৰৰ (১৬০ ফুট) ছটাকৈ নিৰন্তৰ বিন্যাস আছে। প্ৰতিটো গোটৰ শেষত প্ৰসাৰণ গাঁঠি প্ৰদান কৰা হৈছে। দলংখনৰ উপৰিসংৰচনা আৰু নিম্নগাঁথনি আইআৰচি ক'ডৰ অনুসৰি ডিজাইন কৰা হৈছে। ইয়াৰ নিৰ্দেশনাসমূহ আইআৰচি মানদণ্ডৰ সৈতে সংগতিপূৰ্ণ আৰু বিশেষ সামগ্ৰীৰ বাবে অতিৰিক্ত নিৰ্দেশাৱলী অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত কৰা হৈছে। ইয়াৰ ভেটি ১.৫ মিটাৰ (৪ ফুট ১১ ইঞ্চি) ব্যাসৰ ড্ৰিল কৰা পাইল (প্ৰতিটো পিয়াৰৰ বাবে চাৰিটাকৈ) আৰু পাইল কেপেৰে গঠিত। দলঙৰ বেয়াৰিংসমূহ ডিস্ক্ চানেকীৰ। দলংখনৰ বাবে মডুলাৰ এক্সপানচন জয়ণ্টসমূহ ছুইজাৰলেণ্ডৰ চিভিল ইঞ্জিনিয়াৰিং প্ৰতিষ্ঠান 'মাজেবা'ই যোগান ধৰিছিল।<ref>[https://www.mageba-group.com/ch/de/1023/Asien/Indien/19564/Bandra-Worli-Sea-Link.htm "Bandra Worli Sea Link"]. mageba-group.com (in German). Retrieved 6 September 2022.</ref> ভায়াডাক্টসমূহ প্ৰি-কাষ্ট, পোষ্ট-টেনচনযুক্ত, ছেগমেণ্টেল কংক্ৰিট-ষ্টীল বক্স গিৰ্ডাৰ ছেকচন ব্যৱহাৰ কৰি নিৰ্মাণ কৰা হৈছিল। প্ৰি-কাষ্ট ছেগমেণ্টসমূহৰ উপৰিসংৰচনা স্থাপন কৰিবলৈ নিৰ্মাণস্থলীত স্বয়ংক্ৰিয়ভাৱে উৎক্ষেপণ কৰিব পৰা ক্ষমতা সম্পন্ন এটা অভাৰহেড গেণ্ট্ৰি ক্ৰেন বিশেষভাৱে তৈয়াৰ কৰা হৈছিল। প্ৰি-কাষ্ট ছেগমেণ্টসমূহ প্ৰথমতে নামমাত্ৰ প্ৰি-ষ্ট্ৰেছিঙৰ সৈতে উচ্চ শক্তিৰ ইপোক্সি আঠা ব্যৱহাৰ কৰি সংযোগ কৰা হয়। পিয়াৰৰ কাষৰ শেষৰ ছেগমেণ্টবোৰ চুটি আৰু এইবোৰ "কাষ্ট-ইন-চিটু জয়ণ্ট।" প্ৰাথমিক নিৰন্তৰ টেণ্ডনসমূহৰ ওপৰত চাপ প্ৰয়োগ কৰাৰ আগতে বিন্যাসৰ জ্যামিতিক সালসলনি কৰি লোৱা হয়। ছেগমেণ্টৰ প্ৰকাৰসমূহ ইয়াৰ ৱেবৰ ডাঠ আৰু কোষত ঢলা ডায়াফ্ৰামৰপ্ৰকাৰৰ ওপৰত ভিত্তি কৰি নিৰ্ধাৰণ কৰা হৈছে। প্ৰতিটো ছেগমেণ্টৰ ওজন ১১০ ৰপৰা ১৪০ টনৰ ভিতৰত। ছেগমেণ্টৰ দৈৰ্ঘ্য ৩,০০০ ৰপৰা ৩,২০০ মিলিমিটাৰৰ (৯.৮ ৰপৰা ১০.৫ ফুট) ভিতৰত। প্ৰতিটো ৫০ মিটাৰ (১৬০ ফুট) বিন্যাসৰ সংস্থাপন সম্পূৰ্ণ হোৱাৰ পিছত ডেক পোষ্ট-টেনচনিং কৰা হয়। === কেবল-ষ্টেড বিন্যাস === বান্দ্ৰা চেনেলৰ কেবল-ষ্টেইড অংশটোৰ দৈৰ্ঘ্য এক্সপানচন জয়ণ্টসমূহৰ মাজত ৬০০ মিটাৰ (২,০০০ ফুট) আৰু ইয়াত দুটা ২৫০ মিটাৰৰ কেবল সমৰ্থিত মূল স্প্যান আছে, যাৰ দুয়োকাষে ৫০ মিটাৰৰ পৰম্পৰাগত এপ্ৰ’চ স্প্যান আছে। পিল কেপ লেভেলৰপৰা ১২৮ মিটাৰ উচ্চতাৰ এটা কেন্দ্ৰীয় টাৱাৰে 'ছেমি-হাৰ্প' বিন্যাসত চাৰিখন কেবল ষ্টেই সমতলৰ জৰিয়তে উপৰিসংৰচনাটো ধৰি ৰাখিছে। দলংখনৰ ডেকৰ সমান্তৰালভাৱে কেবলৰ ব্যৱধান হৈছে ৬.০ মিটাৰ। [[চিত্ৰ:Sea Link by Manan Jain.jpg|thumb|মূল কেবল-ষ্টেড বিন্যাস]] ৱৰ্লী চেনেলৰ কেবল-ষ্টেইড অংশটো এক্সপানচন জয়ণ্টসমূহৰ মাজত ২৫০ মিটাৰ (৮২০ ফুট) দীঘল আৰু ইয়াত এটা ১৫০ মিটাৰৰ কেবল সমৰ্থিত মূল স্প্যান আছে, যাৰ প্ৰতিটো দিশত দুটাকৈ ৫০ মিটাৰৰ পৰম্পৰাগত এপ্ৰ’চ স্প্যান আছে। ৫৫ মিটাৰ উচ্চতাৰ এটা কেন্দ্ৰীয় টাৱাৰে ছেমি-হাৰ্প বিন্যাসত চাৰিখন কেবল ষ্টেই সমতলৰ সহায়ত পিল কেপ লেভেলৰ ওপৰত উপৰিসংৰচনাটোক সমৰ্থন দিছে। ইয়াতো দলঙৰ ডেকৰ কাষে কাষে কেবলৰ ব্যৱধান ৬.০ মিটাৰ। উপৰিসংৰচনাটো যমজ প্ৰি-কাষ্ট কংক্ৰিট বক্স গিৰ্ডাৰেৰে গঠিত, যাৰ প্ৰস্থচ্ছেদ 'মাছৰ পেটৰ' দৰে আৰু ই এপ্ৰ’চ স্প্যানসমূহৰ সৈতে একে। এটা সাধাৰণ প্ৰি-কাষ্ট ছেগমেণ্টৰ দৈৰ্ঘ্য ৩.০ মিটাৰ আৰু আটাইতকৈ গধুৰ ছেগমেণ্টটোৰ ওজন প্ৰায় ১৪০ টন। এপ্ৰ’চসমূহৰ বাবে ব্যৱহৃত 'স্প্যান-বাই-স্প্যান' পদ্ধতিৰ বিপৰীতে কেবল সমৰ্থিত উপৰিসংৰচনা নিৰ্মাণৰ বাবে 'বেলেন্সড ক্যাণ্টিলিভাৰ' (balanced cantilever) পদ্ধতি ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হৈছে। প্ৰতিটো দ্বিতীয় ছেগমেণ্টৰ বাবে কেবল এনকাৰেজৰ ব্যৱস্থা কৰা হৈছে। বান্দ্ৰা চেনেলত মুঠ ২৬৪টা কেবল ষ্টেই ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হৈছে, যাৰ দৈৰ্ঘ্য প্ৰায় ৮৫ মিটাৰৰপৰা প্ৰায় ২৫০ মিটাৰ পৰ্যন্ত। টাৱাৰটো ক্লাইম্বিং ফৰ্ম পদ্ধতি ব্যৱহাৰ কৰি কাষ্ট ইন-চিটু ৰিইনফ'ৰ্চড কংক্ৰিটেৰে নিৰ্মাণ কৰা হৈছে। টাৱাৰটোৰ সামগ্ৰিক আকৃতি এটা ওলোটা "Y" সদৃশ আৰু ইয়াৰ হেলনীয়া খুঁটাবোৰ দলংখনৰ অক্ষৰ সমান্তৰালভাৱে অৱস্থিত। ফৰ্মড পকেট ব্যৱহাৰ কৰি টাৱাৰ কেবল এনকাৰেজ ৰিচেছসমূহ প্ৰস্তুত কৰা হৈছে আৰু স্থানীয় কেবল-শক্তিক প্ৰতিৰোধ কৰিবলৈ টাৱাৰ হেডত ট্ৰেন্সভাৰ্চ আৰু লংগিটিউডিনেল বাৰ পোষ্ট-টেনচনিঙৰ ব্যৱস্থা কৰা হৈছে। ৱৰ্লী চেনেলত মুঠ ১৬০টা কেবল ষ্টেই ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হৈছে, যাৰ দৈৰ্ঘ্য সৰ্বনিম্ন প্ৰায় ৩০ মিটাৰৰপৰা সৰ্বাধিক প্ৰায় ৮০ মিটাৰ পৰ্যন্ত। বান্দ্ৰা চেনেলৰ দৰেই ইয়াতো টাৱাৰটো ক্লাইম্বিং ফৰ্ম পদ্ধতিৰে কাষ্ট ইন-চিটু ৰিইনফ'ৰ্চড কংক্ৰিটেৰে নিৰ্মাণ কৰা হৈছে, কিন্তু ইয়াৰ সামগ্ৰিক আকৃতি হেলনীয়া খুঁটাৰ সৈতে "I" সদৃশ। একেদৰে, ইয়াতো ফৰ্মড পকেট ব্যৱহাৰ কৰি টাৱাৰ কেবল এনকাৰেজ ৰিচেছসমূহ তৈয়াৰ কৰা হৈছে। মূল টাৱাৰটোৰ ভেটিত ২৫ মিটাৰ দৈৰ্ঘ্যৰ ২ মিটাৰ ড্ৰিল কৰা খাদ আছে। শুকান ঠাইত ছয় মিটাৰ দ ভেটি নিৰ্মাণৰ বাবে কফাৰডেম আৰু ট্ৰেমি ছিল নিৰ্মাণ ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হৈছে। == দলংখনৰ ব্যৱস্থাপনা == === টোল সংগ্ৰহ === টোল প্লাজাৰ বান্দ্ৰা শেষত ১৬টা লেন আছে। ইলেক্ট্ৰনিক টোল সংগ্ৰহ ব্যৱস্থাৰে সজ্জিত টোল প্লাজা। দুয়োটা মূৰত টোল সংগ্ৰহৰ বিকল্পসমূহৰ ভিতৰত আছে: * সঘনাই অহা-যোৱা কৰা লোকৰ বাবে বাহনত সংস্থাপিত অন-ব'ৰ্ড ইউনিটৰ জৰিয়তে স্বয়ংক্ৰিয় ইলেক্ট্ৰনিক পেমেণ্ট ব্যৱস্থা যিয়ে বাহনসমূহক ৰৈ নোযোৱাকৈ পাৰ হ'বলৈ সক্ষম কৰে।<ref>Chittaranjan Tembhekar (2 August 2012). [https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/Sea-link-test-drive-successful-e-toll-starts-today/articleshow/15320178.cms "Sea link test drive successful, e-toll starts today"]. [[দ্য টাইম্‌ছ অৱ ইণ্ডিয়া|The Times of India]].</ref> * পৰ পৰিচালিত লেনসমূহত স্মাৰ্ট কাৰ্ডৰ জৰিয়তে অৰ্ধ-স্বয়ংক্ৰিয় নগদবিহীন ইলেক্ট্ৰনিক পৰিশোধ। * টোল এটেনডেণ্টক নগদ ধনৰ জৰিয়তে পৰিশোধ কৰাৰ বাবে মেনুৱেল টোল সংগ্ৰহ ব্যৱস্থা। {| style="margin:0 auto; text-align:center; " class="wikitable" |- ! rowspan="2"| বাহন!! colspan="3" | টোল (প্ৰযোজ্য: ০১/এপ্ৰিল/২০২১)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bandra Worli Sea Link (BWSL) updated Toll rates as of April 2021 |date=April 2021|url=https://www.thelivemirror.com/mumbai-bandra-worli-sea-link-toll-costlier/}}</ref> |- ! একক যাত্ৰা||উভতি অহা যাত্ৰা||দিনটোৰ বাবে |- | [[কাৰ]] || {{INRConvert|85}} | {{INRConvert|127.5}} | {{INRConvert|212.5}} |- | টেম্প'/[[Light commercial vehicle|লঘু বাণিজ্যিক বাহন]] | {{INRConvert|130}} | {{INRConvert|195}} | {{INRConvert|325}} |- | ট্ৰাক/বাচ || {{INRConvert|175}} | {{INRConvert|262.5}} | {{INRConvert|437.5}} |} [[চিত্ৰ:Bandra-Worli Sea Link night.jpg|thumb|নিৰ্মাণৰ সময়ত প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে বান্দ্ৰা-ৱৰ্লি ছি লিংকৰ মূল কেবল স্পেন পোহৰাই তুলিছিল।]] === বিদ্যুৎ যোগান আৰু পোহৰ === এই সেতুখনত এক নিৰ্ভৰযোগ্য আৰু অতিৰিক্ত বিদ্যুৎ যোগানৰ ব্যৱস্থা আছে, যিটো ডিজেল জেনেৰেটৰ আৰু অটো মেইনছ ফেইলৰ পেনেলৰ দ্বাৰা সমৰ্থিত। এই ব্যৱস্থাই গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ কাৰ্যসমূহ যেনে নিৰীক্ষণ, তদাৰকীবিন্যাস, জৰুৰীকালীন সঁজুলি আৰু বিমান চালনা তথা প্রতিবন্ধক নিৰ্দেশকৰ দৰে যোগাযোগ সেৱাসমূহ অব্যাহত ৰাখে। BWSL-এ কেৱল শক্তি সঞ্চয়কাৰী আলোক ব্যৱস্থাহে ব্যৱহাৰ কৰে। === তদাৰকী আৰু নিৰাপত্তা === [[চিত্ৰ:Bandra-Worli Sea Link (BWSL).JPG|thumb|আলোকিত বান্দ্ৰা-ৱৰ্লি সাগৰীয় সংযোগ ৱৰ্লি স্কাইলাইন।]] এটা বুদ্ধিমান সেতু ব্যৱস্থাপনা প্ৰণালীয়ে যান-বাহনৰ তথ্য, তদাৰকী, নিৰীক্ষণ আৰু নিয়ন্ত্ৰণ ব্যৱস্থা প্ৰদান কৰে। ইয়াত চিচিটিভি, স্বয়ংক্ৰিয় যান-বাহন গণক আৰু বাহন শ্ৰেণীবিভাজন প্ৰণালী, পৰিৱৰ্তনশীল বাৰ্তা ফলক, দূৰৱৰ্তী বতৰৰ তথ্য প্ৰণালী আৰু জৰুৰীকালীন টেলিফোন অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত থাকে। ইয়াৰ নিয়ন্ত্ৰণ কেন্দ্ৰটো ইলেক্ট্ৰনিক টোল সংগ্ৰহ কেন্দ্ৰৰ সৈতে টোল প্লাজাৰ ওচৰত অৱস্থিত। এই নিয়ন্ত্ৰণ ব্যৱস্থাত সমগ্ৰ বি.ডব্লিউ.এচ.এল. জুৰি বিস্তৃত হৈ থকা ফাইবাৰ-অপটিক কেবল ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়। ইয়াত টোল সংগ্ৰহ আৰু উন্নত যান-বাহন ব্যৱস্থাপনা প্ৰণালী স্থাপন কৰা হৈছে। যান-বাহন আইন বলবৎ কৰাৰ বাবে, এই সেতুখনত এনফৰ্চমেণ্ট বিষয়াৰ দ্বাৰা কোনো বাহন ৰখোৱাৰ নিৰ্দেশ দিলে বা বাহন বিকল হ’লে পাৰ্শ্বৱৰ্তী ঠাইত ৰখাৰ সুবিধা আছে। চি-লিংকত যাতায়াত কৰা বাহনসমূহৰ বাবে সেতুখনত ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ বিস্ফোৰক স্কেনাৰ ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়।<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111003042330/http://www.mynews.in/News/Mumbai-Bandra-Worli_sea_link_N26393.html "Mumbai police commissioner asks MSRDC to ensure security of Bandra-Worli sealink"]. Mynews.in. 22 September 2009. Archived from [http://www.mynews.in/News/Mumbai-Bandra-Worli_sea_link_N26393.html the original] on 3 October 2011. Retrieved 3 August 2010</ref> প্ৰতিখন বাহনৰ ওপৰত আৰু তলত থকা ছেন্সৰৰ জৰিয়তে পৰীক্ষা কৰিবলৈ ২০ ছেকেণ্ডতকৈও কম সময় লাগে। প্ৰতিটো স্কেনাৰে প্ৰতি ঘণ্টাত ১৮০ খনতকৈও অধিক গাড়ী স্কেন কৰিব পাৰে।<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20121018181410/http://www.hindustantimes.com/tabloid-news/mumbai/Your-car-will-be-scanned/Article1-578713.aspx "Your car will be scanned - Hindustan Times"]. Archived from [http://www.hindustantimes.com/tabloid-news/mumbai/Your-car-will-be-scanned/Article1-578713.aspx the original] on 18 October 2012. Retrieved 3 August 2010.</ref><ref>Source: DNAIndia. [https://web.archive.org/web/20110617023440/http://news.indiainfo.com/bandra-worli-sea-link-will-get-hi-tech-security-1461695.html "Bandra-Worli Sea Link will get hi-tech security"]. News.indiainfo.com. Archived from [http://news.indiainfo.com/bandra-worli-sea-link-will-get-hi-tech-security-1461695.html the origina]l on 17 June 2011. Retrieved 3 August 2010.</ref> দলংখনক সমৰ্থন কৰা খুঁটা আৰু টাৱাৰবোৰ বিস্ফোৰণ আৰু সংঘৰ্ষ সহ্য কৰিব পৰাকৈ ডিজাইন কৰা বয়ৰ দ্বাৰা সুৰক্ষিত কৰা হৈছে। এই ফুলি উঠা বয়বোৰে সাগৰীয় সংযোগৰ প্ৰতিটো খুঁটাক আগুৰি ধৰে যাতে কোনো ধৰণৰ ক্ষতি নহয়।<ref>[http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report_hi-tech-scanners-on-bandra-worli-sea-link-by-year-end_1415643 "DNA: Mumbai – Hi-tech scanners on Bandra-Worli Sea Link by year-end"]. Daily News and Analysis. 28 July 2010. [https://web.archive.org/web/20101018025538/http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report_hi-tech-scanners-on-bandra-worli-sea-link-by-year-end_1415643 Archived] from the original on 18 October 2010. Retrieved 3 August 2010.</ref> বি ডব্লিউ এছ এলৰ বীমা হৈছে নিউ ইণ্ডিয়া এশ্বুৰেন্স।<ref>[http://indianexpress.com/article/business/business-others/monorail-gets-rs-1200-cr-cover/ "Monorail gets Rs 1,200 cr cover"]. The Indian Express. 7 February 2014. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20180320230959/http://indianexpress.com/article/business/business-others/monorail-gets-rs-1200-cr-cover/ the original] on 20 March 2018. Retrieved 20 March 2018.</ref> দলং টাৱাৰ আৰু নিয়ন্ত্ৰণ কেন্দ্ৰসমূহত বিজুলীৰ পৰা সুৰক্ষাৰ বৈশিষ্ট্য আছে, যিটো দলং নিৰীক্ষণ, যোগাযোগ আৰু শক্তি সঁজুলিসমূহক সম্ভাৱ্য ঢৌৰ পৰা ৰক্ষা কৰিবলৈ ডিজাইন কৰা হৈছে। ==চিত্ৰ== <gallery> File:Mumbai Bandra-Worli Sea Link.jpg|thumb|বান্দ্ৰা–ৱৰ্লি সাগৰীয় সংযোগ File:Gateway to Connectivity The Bandra-Worli Sea Link.jpg|thumb|ৱৰ্লি আকাশৰ বিপৰীতে দেখা অগ্ৰভূমিত বি ডব্লিউ এছ এলৰ উত্তৰ ভায়াডাক্ট। বান্দ্ৰা দুৰ্গৰপৰা দৃশ্য File:Bandra -Worli Sea Link.jpg|thumb|মাহিম উপসাগৰৰ ওপৰেৰে বিস্তৃত দাদাৰ চৌপাটিৰপৰা বান্দ্ৰা ৱৰ্লি সাগৰীয় লিংকৰ সূৰ্যাস্তৰ দৃশ্য File:BWSL Cable Stay Bridge.jpg|thumb|বি ডব্লিউ এছ এলৰ আটাইতকৈ ডাঙৰ পাইলন টাৱাৰবোৰ ১২৮ মিটাৰ (৪২০ ফুট) উচ্চতাত </gallery> ==তথ্য সংগ্ৰহ== {{Reflist}} [[শ্ৰেণী:দলং]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ভাৰতৰ দলং]] 8cuv4yafumm8bopb0inj9wanyexw6th 605951 605943 2026-05-12T08:44:07Z যদুমণি 32127 605951 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox bridge | bridge_name = বান্দ্ৰা-ৱৰ্লী সাগৰীয় সংযোগ | image = Bandra–Worli Sea Link.jpg | caption = বান্দ্ৰা দুৰ্গৰপৰা দৃশ্য | official_name = ৰাজীৱ গান্ধী সাগৰীয় সংযোগ | other_name = | carries = ৮-লেন (প্ৰতি দিশত ৪খনকৈ লেন) | crosses = মহিম উপসাগৰ | location = [[মুম্বাই]], [[মহাৰাষ্ট্ৰ]], [[ভাৰত]] | owner = মহাৰাষ্ট্ৰ চৰকাৰ | maint = মহাৰাষ্ট্ৰ ৰাজ্যিক পথ উন্নয়ন নিগম (MSRDC) | designer = আকাশ বেনাৰ্জী | engineering = | design = কেবল্-ষ্টেইড্ (Cable-stayed) মুখ্য স্পেন; দুয়োটা মূৰে কংক্ৰিট-তীখাৰ প্ৰিকাষ্ট ছেগমেণ্ট ভায়াডাক্ট | material = | length = ৫.৬ কি:মি: | width = ২ x ২০ মিটাৰ | height = ১২৬ মিটাৰ | mainspan = ২ x ২৫০ মিটাৰ | spans = | pierswater = | load = | clearance = | builder = হিন্দুস্তান কনষ্ট্ৰাকশ্যন কোম্পানী (HCC India) | fabricator = | begin = ২০০০ | complete = ৩০ জুন, ২০০৯ | cost = | open = ২৪ মাৰ্চ, ২০১০ | inaugurated = | toll = ৮৫ টকা (গাড়ী) <br /> ১১০ টকা (LCV) <br /> ১৪৫ টকা (গধুৰ বাহন) | traffic = | preceded = | followed = | heritage = | collapsed = | closed = | replaces = | coordinates = {{coord|19.0364|72.8172|region:IN_scale:10000_type:landmark|display=inline,title}} | mapframe-marker = bridge }} '''ৰাজীৱ গান্ধী সাগৰীয় সেতু'''<ref name=toi-naming>{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/Bandra-Worli-sealink-named-Rajiv-Gandhi-Sealink/articleshow/4753472.cms | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121025135739/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-07-08/mumbai/28209337_1_bandra-worli-sealink-rajiv-gandhi-sealink-haji-ali | url-status=live | archive-date=25 October 2012 | title = Bandra-Worli sealink named 'Rajiv Gandhi Sealink'|date=8 July 2009|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=23 August 2009}}</ref> বা '''বান্দ্ৰা–ৱৰ্লি সাগৰীয় সংযোগ''' হৈছে ৫.৬ কিলোমিটাৰ দীঘল, ৮ লেন বহল কেবল ষ্টেড দলং যিয়ে মুম্বাইৰ পশ্চিম উপকণ্ঠ অঞ্চলৰ বান্দ্ৰাক দক্ষিণ মুম্বাইৰ ৱৰ্লিৰ সৈতে সংযোগ কৰে। ই মুম্বাই ট্ৰেন্স হাৰ্বাৰ লিংকৰ পিছত দ্বিতীয় দীঘলীয়া সাগৰীয় দলং, লগতে মুম্বাই ট্ৰেন্স হাৰ্বাৰ লিংক, ভূপেন হাজৰিকা সেতু, দিবাং ৰিভাৰ ব্ৰীজ আৰু মহাত্মা গান্ধী সেতুৰ পিছত ভাৰতৰ ৫ম দীঘলীয়া দলং। ইয়াৰ দুয়োফালে প্ৰি-ষ্ট্ৰেছড কংক্ৰিট-ষ্টীলৰ ভায়াডাক্ট থাকে।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bandra Worli Sea Link |url=https://www.tylin.com/work/projects/bandra-worli-sea-link |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231209181856/https://www.tylin.com/work/projects/bandra-worli-sea-link |archive-date=2023-12-09 |access-date=2024-06-22 |website=[[T. Y. Lin International]]}}</ref> ইয়াক প্ৰস্তাৱিত পশ্চিম ফ্ৰীৱে'ৰ অংশ হিচাপে পৰিকল্পনা কৰা হৈছিল যিয়ে পশ্চিম উপকণ্ঠ অঞ্চলক মুম্বাইৰ মূল ব্যাৱসায়িক জিলাৰ নৰিমান পইণ্টৰ সৈতে সংযোগ কৰিব, কিন্তু এতিয়া ইয়াক কাণ্ডীৱলীলৈ যোৱা উপকূলীয় পথৰ অংশ হিচাপে লোৱাৰ পৰিকল্পনা কৰা হৈছে।<ref>{{Cite news |last=Fernandes |first=Jocelyn |date=2024-03-12 |title=Mumbai Coastal Road opens to the public today: Features, toll, route to use and more. Check details here |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/mumbai-coastal-road-opens-to-the-public-today-features-toll-route-to-use-and-more-check-details-here-11710222481009.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240312072650/https://www.livemint.com/news/india/mumbai-coastal-road-opens-to-the-public-today-features-toll-route-to-use-and-more-check-details-here-11710222481009.html |archive-date=2024-03-12 |access-date=2024-06-22 |work=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]]}}</ref> [[File:Bandra Worli Sealink Reflection.jpg|thumb| বান্দ্ৰা-ৱৰ্লি সাগৰীয় সংযোগ প্ৰাথমিক বাৰিষাৰ সময়ত|237x237px]] ৫.৬ কিলোমিটাৰ (৩.৫ মাইল) দৈৰ্ঘ্যৰ এই দলংখন মহাৰাষ্ট্ৰ ৰাজ্যিক পথ উন্নয়ন নিগমৰ (এমএছআৰডিচি)ৰ কাম আৰম্ভ কৰিছিল, আৰু হিন্দুস্তান কনষ্ট্ৰাকচন কোম্পানীয়ে নিৰ্মাণ কৰিছিল। ২০০৯ চনৰ ৩০ জুনত দলংখনৰ আঠটা লেনৰ ভিতৰত প্ৰথম চাৰিটা লেন জনসাধাৰণৰ বাবে মুকলি কৰা হয়।<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bandraworlisealink.com/details.html |title=Refer to Package IV – Project Status |publisher=Bandraworlisealink.com |date=1 July 2009 |access-date=31 August 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100724044455/http://bandraworlisealink.com/details.html |archive-date=24 July 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref>২০১০ চনৰ ২৪ মাৰ্চৰপৰা আটাইকেইটা লেন কাৰ্যক্ষম হয়। সাগৰীয় সংযোগে বান্দ্ৰা আৰু ৱৰ্লিৰ মাজত শীৰ্ষ সময়ত যাত্ৰাৰ সময় ২০ – ৩০ মিনিটৰপৰা ১০ মিনিটলৈ হ্ৰাস কৰে।<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/bandra-worli-sea-link-extendedto-haji-ali/323162/ |title=Bandra-Worli sea link extended up to Haji Ali |work=Business Standard |date=16 May 2008 |access-date=31 August 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607184945/http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/bandra-worli-sea-link-extendedto-haji-ali/323162/ |archive-date=7 June 2011 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> ২০১৮ চনলৈকে বি ডব্লিউ এছ এলৰ গড় দৈনিক প্ৰায় ৩২,৩১২খন বাহনৰ যাতায়াত আছিল।<ref>{{cite news|author=Chittaranjan Tembhekar |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/Sea-link-finances-cause-concern/articleshow/5079109.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121025135754/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-10-02/mumbai/28088251_1_bandra-worli-sea-link-toll-collection-msrdc |url-status=live |archive-date=25 October 2012 |title=Sea link finances cause concern – Mumbai – City |date=2 October 2009 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=3 August 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sharma |first=R |date=30 April 2018 |title=Bandra-Worli sea link: Traffic falls 13% in 2017-18 |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/business/roadways-bandra-worli-sea-link-traffic-falls-13-in-2017-18-1150211/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230505102444/https://www.financialexpress.com/business/roadways-bandra-worli-sea-link-traffic-falls-13-in-2017-18-1150211/ |archive-date=5 May 2023 |access-date=5 May 2023 |website=Financial Express}}</ref> ==ইতিহাস== মহিম ক’জৱে আছিল পশ্চিম উপকণ্ঠ অঞ্চলক [[মুম্বাই]]ৰ কেন্দ্ৰীয় ব্যাৱসায়িক জিলাৰ সৈতে সংযোগ কৰা একমাত্ৰ পথ। এই উত্তৰ-দক্ষিণ-পশ্চিম কৰিড’ৰটো বটলনেকত পৰিণত হৈছিল আৰু ভিৰ হোৱা সময়ত ই অত্যন্ত জনবহুল হৈ পৰিছিল। ৱেষ্টাৰ্ণ ফ্ৰীৱে প্ৰকল্পটোৱে মুম্বাইৰ সমগ্ৰ পশ্চিম উপকূলটোক সামৰি লোৱাৰ প্ৰস্তাৱ দিয়া হৈছিল যাতে যান-জঁট লাঘৱ হয়। এই ফ্ৰীৱে' ব্যৱস্থাৰ প্ৰথম পৰ্যায় হিচাপে মাহিম উপসাগৰৰ ওপৰত থকা বান্দ্ৰা–ৱৰ্লি ছি লিংক নামৰ এখন দলং প্ৰস্তাৱ কৰা হৈছিল, যিয়ে মাহিম ক'জৱেলৈ বিকল্প পথ প্ৰদান কৰিছিল।<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kingdang |first=Shubra |last2=Diwanji |first2=S |last3=Kaul |first3=Rakesh |last4=Gower |first4=Len |date=2009-11-30 |title=Making of Bandra-Worli Sea Link |url=https://mycoordinates.org/making-of-bandra-worli-sea-link/all/1/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100118080143/http://mycoordinates.org/making-of-bandra-worli-sea-link/all/1 |archive-date=2010-01-18 |access-date=2024-06-22 |website=Coordinates}}</ref> এই দলংখনে বান্দ্ৰাৰ ৱেষ্টাৰ্ণ এক্সপ্ৰেছ হাইৱে আৰু স্বামী বিবেকানন্দ ৰোডৰ সংযোগস্থল ৱৰ্লিৰ খান আব্দুল গফ্ফাৰ খান ৰোডৰ সৈতে সংযোগ কৰে। ৱৰ্লি ছিফেচৰপৰা মুম্বাইৰ ধমনী এনি বেছাণ্ট ৰোডৰ সৈতে সংযোগ হয়। [[মহাৰাষ্ট্ৰ]] ৰাজ্যিক পথ উন্নয়ন নিগম লিমিটেড (এম এছ আৰ ডি চি)ৰ উদ্যোগত এই প্ৰকল্পৰ কাম আৰম্ভ হৈছিল। নিৰ্মাণৰ ঠিকা হিন্দুস্তান কনষ্ট্ৰাকচন কোম্পানী (HCC)ক দিয়া হয়, প্ৰকল্প পৰিচালনাৰ নেতৃত্বত ব্ৰিটেইনৰ দাৰ আল-হাণ্ডাছাহৰ কাৰ্যালয়।<ref>{{Citation|last=luckystreak03|title=Bandra Worli Sea Link|date=2007-03-11|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DVJGxnfrWno|access-date=2018-03-20|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160411205516/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DVJGxnfrWno|archive-date=11 April 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref> ১৯৯৯ চনত বসিত আচাৰৱালাই আধাৰশিলা স্থাপন কৰিছিল। মূল পৰিকল্পনাত ৬.৬ বিলিয়ন ₹ (৭৮ মিলিয়ন মাৰ্কিন ডলাৰ) খৰচ হ'ব বুলি অনুমান কৰা হৈছিল যিটো পাঁচ বছৰৰ ভিতৰত সম্পূৰ্ণ হ'ব।<ref name=dna-lookback-5>{{cite news|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/slideshow_looking-back-frustration-and-elation-of-building-the-bandra-worli-sea-link_1560872-5#top|title=Looking back: Frustration and elation of building the Bandra Worli Sea Link – Slide 5|newspaper=DNA India|date=30 June 2011|access-date=8 September 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110808214645/http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/slideshow_looking-back-frustration-and-elation-of-building-the-bandra-worli-sea-link_1560872-5#top|archive-date=8 August 2011|df=dmy-all}}</ref> কিন্তু প্ৰকল্পটোৰ বাবে বহুতো জনস্বাৰ্থৰ মামলা চলিছিল, ৫ বছৰৰ পলমৰ ফলত খৰচ ১৬ বিলিয়ন ₹ (১৯ কোটি মাৰ্কিন ডলাৰ) লৈ বৃদ্ধি পাইছিল,<ref name="dna-https://www.youtube.com/watch?v">{{cite news|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/slideshow_looking-back-frustration-and-elation-of-building-the-bandra-worli-sea-link_1560872-4#top|title=Looking back: Frustration and elation of building the Bandra Worli Sea Link – Slide 4|newspaper=DNA India|date=30 June 2011|access-date=8 September 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811105652/http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/slideshow_looking-back-frustration-and-elation-of-building-the-bandra-worli-sea-link_1560872-4#top|archive-date=11 August 2011|df=dmy-all}}</ref> কেৱল অতিৰিক্ত সুতৰ খৰচ ₹৭ বিলিয়ন (৮৩ মিলিয়ন মাৰ্কিন ডলাৰ)।<ref name=dna-lookback-5/> ==পৰিকল্পনা== সামগ্ৰিক প্ৰকল্পটো পাঁচটা অংশৰে গঠিত আছিল, সামগ্ৰিক সময়সূচী ত্বৰান্বিত কৰিবলৈ পৃথকে পৃথকে চুক্তিবদ্ধ কৰা হৈছিল। * '''পেকেজ I(১)''': ৱৰ্লিৰ লাভ গ্ৰ’ভ জংচনৰ ওপৰত উৰণীয়া সেতু নিৰ্মাণ। * '''পেকেজ II(২)''': বান্দ্ৰাৰ ৱেষ্টাৰ্ণ এক্সপ্ৰেছ হাইৱে আৰু এছ ভি ৰোডৰ সংযোগস্থলত ক্লভাৰলিফ ইণ্টাৰচেঞ্জ নিৰ্মাণ। * '''তৃতীয় পেকেজ(৩)''': আদান-প্ৰদানৰপৰা বান্দ্ৰা ফালে টোল প্লাজালৈকে ৰাজহুৱা প্ৰমেনেডৰ সৈতে কঠিন এপ্ৰ’চ পথ নিৰ্মাণ *'''পেকেজ IV(৪)''': বান্দ্ৰাৰ শেষৰফালে ৱৰ্লিৰপৰা টোল প্লাজালৈকে উত্তৰ আৰু দক্ষিণৰ ভায়াডাক্টৰ সৈতে কেন্দ্ৰীয় কেবল-ষ্টেড স্পেন নিৰ্মাণ। * '''পেকেজ V(৫)''': খান আব্দুল গফ্ফৰ খান পথৰ উন্নতি। পেকেজ IV '''(৪)''' আছিল মূল পৰ্যায়, আন পেকেজসমূহে সমৰ্থনকাৰী আন্তঃগাঁথনি প্ৰদান কৰিছিল। === ভূতত্ত্ব === দলঙৰ ডিজাইন আৰম্ভ হোৱাৰ পূৰ্বে পৰিকল্পিত পথৰ অধীনত সাগৰৰ তলৰ জৰীপ কৰা হৈছিল। দলঙৰ তলৰ সাগৰীয় ভূতত্ত্ব বেছাল্ট, আগ্নেয়গিৰিৰ টাফ আৰু ব্ৰেচিয়াৰে গঠিত আৰু কিছুমান আন্তঃট্ৰেপিয়ান নিক্ষেপ আছে। এইবোৰৰ ওপৰত সম্পূৰ্ণ বতৰত ক্ষতিগ্ৰস্ত শিল আৰু অৱশিষ্ট মাটি থাকে। এই শিলবোৰৰ শক্তি অতি দুৰ্বলৰপৰা অতি শক্তিশালী আৰু ইয়াৰ অৱস্থা অতি বতৰৰ ক্ষতিগ্ৰস্ত আৰু ভাঙি পৰাৰপৰা আৰম্ভ কৰি সতেজ, বিশাল আৰু অক্ষতলৈকে। বতৰৰ ক্ষতিগ্ৰস্ত শিলৰ বিছনাবোৰৰ ওপৰত পৰিবহণ মাটি, চূণশিলযুক্ত বেলেগ শিল আৰু মোটা দানাযুক্ত গোটৰ পাতল বিছনাখন আৰু অধিক আবৃত। এই স্তৰবোৰৰ ওপৰত ৯ মিটাৰ ডাঠ সাগৰীয় মাটিৰ স্তৰ থাকে যিটো গাঢ় বাদামী ৰঙৰ মাটিৰ পলিৰে গঠিত আৰু তাৰ ওপৰত কিছু মিহি বালি পলিত সোমাই থকা বতৰৰ ক্ষতিগ্ৰস্ত, গাঢ় বাদামী বেছাল্টিক শিলবোৰ থাকে। [[চিত্ৰ:Mumbai Bandra-Worli Sea Link.jpg|thumb|231x231px|বান্দ্ৰা–ৱৰ্লি সাগৰীয় সংযোগ]] === নক্সা === বিডব্লিউএসএল ভাৰতৰ মুকলি সাগৰত নিৰ্মিত প্ৰথমটো কেবল-ষ্টেইড দলং হিচাপে ডিজাইন কৰা হৈছিল। ইয়াৰ তলৰ ভূ-তাত্ত্বিক গঠনৰ বাবে, পায়লনসমূহৰ জ্যামিতি অত্যন্ত জটিল আৰু বান্দ্ৰা চেনেলৰ ওপৰত থকা মূল স্প্যানটো কংক্ৰিট ডেকৰ সহায়ত নিৰ্মাণ কৰা এতিয়ালৈকে অন্যতম দীঘল স্প্যান। এই অভিযান্ত্ৰিক জটিলতাসমূহৰ সৈতে দলংখনৰ নান্দনিকতাৰ ভৰসাম্য ৰক্ষা কৰাটো প্ৰকল্পটোৰ বাবে এক ডাঙৰ প্ৰত্যাহ্বান আছিল। ভায়াডাক্টৰ ছুপাৰষ্ট্ৰাকচাৰসমূহ (superstructure) ভাৰতত নিৰ্মাণ কৰা আটাইতকৈ গধুৰ প্ৰি-কাষ্ট ছেগমেণ্ট আছিল। কেইবাটাও উলম্ব আৰু অনুভূমিক বক্ৰৰেখাৰ মাজেৰে অভাৰহেড গেণ্ট্ৰি ব্যৱহাৰ কৰি স্প্যান-বাই-স্প্যান পদ্ধতিৰে এইবোৰ নিৰ্মাণ কৰা হৈছিল। দলঙৰ ডেকৰ ২০,০০০ টন বান্দ্ৰা-এণ্ড স্পেন পৰিকল্পনা আৰু উচ্চতাৰ বিচ্যুতিৰ অতি ঘনিষ্ঠ সহনশীলতাৰ ভিতৰত ষ্টে কেবলৰদ্বাৰা সমৰ্থিত। বান্দ্ৰা-ৱৰ্লী ছি লিংক আছিল মুম্বাইৰ প্ৰথমটো আন্তঃগাঁথনি প্ৰকল্প য’ত ভূমিকম্প প্ৰতিৰোধী 'ছেইচমিক এৰেষ্টাৰ' ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হৈছিল। ইয়াৰ ফলত দলংখনে [[ৰিখটাৰ স্কেল]]ত ৭.০ প্ৰাবল্য পৰ্যন্ত [[ভূমিকম্প]] সহ্য কৰিবলৈ সক্ষম হ’ব।<ref>[http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report_eastern-freeway-to-have-seismic-arresters_1809399 Eastern freeway to have seismic arresters - Mumbai - DNA] [https://web.archive.org/web/20130313043134/http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report_eastern-freeway-to-have-seismic-arresters_1809399 Archived] 13 March 2013 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]]. Dnaindia.com. Retrieved on 6 December 2013.</ref> [[চিত্ৰ:Gateway to Connectivity The Bandra-Worli Sea Link.jpg|thumb|362x362px|ৱৰ্লি আকাশৰ বিপৰীতে দেখা অগ্ৰভূমিত বি ডব্লিউ এছ এলৰ উত্তৰ ভায়াডাক্ট। বান্দ্ৰা দুৰ্গৰপৰা দৃশ্য]] === ভেটি আৰু উপগাঁথনি === দলংখনৰ গাঁথনি নিৰ্মাণৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত ডাঙৰ অভিযান্ত্ৰিক প্ৰত্যাহ্বানৰ সৃষ্টি হৈছিল। ইয়াৰ ভিতৰত সাগৰৰ তলিৰ সামুদ্ৰিক ভূ-তত্ত্বৰ বাবে অত্যন্ত পৰিৱৰ্তনশীল ভূ-কাৰিকৰী অৱস্থা অন্যতম আছিল। কেতিয়াবা, আনকি এটা পাইলৰ বাবে নিৰ্ধাৰিত ক্ষেত্ৰফলৰ ভেটিও অত্যন্ত অসমান আছিল। এক পৰিৱৰ্তনশীল আন্তঃজোৱাৰ মণ্ডলৰ উপস্থিতিয়ে অধিক জটিলতাৰ সৃষ্টি কৰিছিল, য’ত ভেটিৰ কিছু অংশ ভাটাত উন্মুক্ত হৈ পৰিছিল আৰু জোৱাৰৰ সময়ত পানীত ডুবি গৈছিল। বি ডব্লিউ এচ এল-ৰকেবল-ষ্টেইড দলংসমূহৰ ভেটিসমূহ ২,০০০ মিলিমিটাৰ (৬.৬ ফুট) ব্যাসৰ ১২০টা ৰিইনফ'ৰ্চড কংক্ৰিট পাইলেৰে গঠিত। ভায়াডাক্টসমূহৰ বাবে ১,৫০০ মিলিমিটাৰ (৪.৯ ফুট) ব্যাসৰ ৪৮৪টা পাইল ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হৈছে। এই ৬০৪টা পাইল অত্যন্ত ক্ষয়প্ৰাপ্ত আগ্নেয় পদাৰ্থৰপৰা আৰম্ভ কৰি বিশাল শক্তিশালী শিলা পৰ্যন্ত বিভিন্ন ভূ-কাৰিকৰী পৰিৱেশত মাটিৰ তলত ৬ মিটাৰৰপৰা ৩৪ মিটাৰ গভীৰতালৈকে স্থাপন কৰা হৈছিল। === পাইল খুঁটা === দলংখনৰ আটাইতকৈ ডাঙৰ পাইলসমূহ ১২৮ মিটাৰ (৪২০ ফুট) উচ্চতাৰ হীৰা সদৃশ কংক্ৰিট খুঁটাৰে গঠিত। ইয়াত তলৰফালে ক্ৰমান্বয়ে বহল হৈ যোৱা খুঁটা, ওপৰৰফালে একত্ৰিত হোৱা খুঁটা, আৰু কেবলসমূহ ধৰি ৰাখিবলৈ এটা সংলগ্ন টাৱাৰ হেড আছে। ইয়াৰ উপৰি, টাৱাৰটোৰ উচ্চতা অনুসৰি ইয়াৰ প্ৰস্থচ্ছেদ একেৰাহে পৰিৱৰ্তনশীল। [[চিত্ৰ:Bandra -Worli Sea Link.jpg|thumb|231x231px|মাহিম উপসাগৰৰ ওপৰেৰে বিস্তৃত দাদাৰ চৌপাটিৰপৰা বান্দ্ৰা ৱৰ্লি সাগৰীয় লিংকৰ সূৰ্যাস্তৰ দৃশ্য]] দলংখনৰ পাইল খুঁটাসমূহৰ প্ৰস্থচ্ছেদ উচ্চতাৰ লগত ক্ৰমান্বয়ে কমি গৈছে। এইবোৰত প্ৰতি ৩ মিটাৰ উচ্চতাত পথালি খাঁজ আছে, যিবোৰে ইনচাৰ্টসমূহ স্থাপনত সুবিধা কৰি দিছিল। বৃত্তাকাৰ অংশবোৰত থকা উলম্ব খাঁজবোৰৰ বাবে বিশেষ ফৰ্ম লাইনাৰৰ প্ৰয়োজন হৈছিল আৰু সাঁচ খোলাৰ সময়তো বিশেষ সাৱধানতাৰ প্ৰয়োজন হৈছিল। টাৱাৰৰ খুঁটাবোৰ দুয়ো দিশত হেলনীয়া আছিল, যাৰ ফলত ইয়াৰ সংৰেখন আৰু ছ’লজাৰ বগাই যোৱাৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত প্ৰত্যাহ্বানৰ সৃষ্টি হৈছিল। নিৰ্মাণৰ গাঁঠিবোৰ কেৱল ৩ মিটাৰ ব্যৱধানতহে অনুমতি দিয়া হৈছিল। পাইল খুঁটাসমূহ নিৰ্মাণ কৰিবলৈ অষ্ট্ৰিয়াৰ 'ডকা' কোম্পানীক তেওঁলোকৰ SKE-100 স্বয়ংক্ৰিয় ক্লাইম্বিং শ্বাটাৰ ছিষ্টেমৰ ওপৰত ভিত্তি কৰি এটা বিশেষ স্বয়ংক্ৰিয় ক্লাইম্বিং শ্বাটাৰ ফৰ্মৱৰ্ক প্ৰণালী প্ৰস্তুত কৰিবলৈ দায়িত্ব দিয়া হৈছিল। এইটো নিৰ্মাণস্থলীতে তৈয়াৰ কৰা হৈছিল আৰু ডেক লেভেলৰ তলৰ টাৱাৰৰ খুঁটাসমূহ ওপৰলৈ উঠোৱাৰ সকলো কামত ইয়াক ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হৈছিল। === প্ৰি-কাষ্ট চোতাল === প্ৰি-কাষ্ট চোতালখন পুনৰুদ্ধাৰ কৰা মাটিত আছিল। প্ৰকল্পটোৰ বাবে ২৩৪২টা কংক্ৰিট-ষ্টীলৰ প্ৰি-কাষ্ট ছেগমেণ্টৰ ঢালাই, সংৰক্ষণ আৰু পৰিচালনাৰ ব্যৱস্থা কৰা হৈছিল চোতালখনে। চোতালখনৰ সংৰক্ষণ ক্ষমতাৰ প্ৰয়োজনীয়তা আছিল প্ৰায় ৪৭০টা প্ৰিকাষ্ট ছেগমেণ্ট। যিহেতু উপলব্ধ ক্ষেত্ৰখন সীমিত আছিল, সেয়েহে ছেগমেণ্টবোৰ তিনিটা স্তৰলৈকে ষ্টেকত সংৰক্ষণ কৰা হৈছিল। [[চিত্ৰ:BWSL Cable Stay Bridge.jpg|thumb|221x221px|বি ডব্লিউ এছ এলৰ আটাইতকৈ ডাঙৰ পাইল টাৱাৰবোৰ ১২৮ মিটাৰ (৪২০ ফুট) উচ্চতাত]] === গাঁথনি === বি ডব্লিউ এছ এল প্ৰতিটো দিশত যাতায়াতৰ বাবে যমজ অবিৰত কংক্ৰিটৰ বক্স গাৰ্ডাৰ দলঙৰ অংশৰে গঠিত। কেবল-ষ্টেড অংশৰ বাহিৰে প্ৰতিটো দলঙৰ অংশ সাধাৰণতে ৫০ মিটাৰ (১৬০ ফুট) দূৰত্বত থকা ঘাটত সমৰ্থিত হয়। প্ৰতিটো অংশই ব্ৰেক-ডাউন লেন আৰু কংক্ৰিটৰ বাধাৰ সৈতে চাৰিটা লেন যাতায়াত সমৰ্থন কৰিব পৰাকৈ ডিজাইন কৰা হৈছে। ছেকচনসমূহে এফালে সেৱাৰ চাইড-ৱাকৰো ব্যৱস্থা কৰে। দলঙৰ প্ৰান্তিককৰণ উলম্ব আৰু অনুভূমিক বক্ৰৰ সৈতে সংজ্ঞায়িত কৰা হয়। দলংখন তিনিটা সুকীয়া অংশৰে গঠিত: উত্তৰ মূৰৰ ভায়াডাক্ট, কেন্দ্ৰীয় কেবল-ষ্টেড স্পেন আৰু দক্ষিণ মূৰৰ ভায়াডাক্ট। দুয়োটা ভায়াডাক্টতে প্ৰিকাষ্ট ছেগমেণ্টেল কনষ্ট্ৰাকচন ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হৈছিল। বান্দ্ৰা চেনেলত কেবল ষ্টেড দলংখনৰ ৫০ মিটাৰ-২৫০ মিটাৰ-২৫০ মিটাৰ-৫০ মিটাৰ বিন্যাস ব্যৱস্থা আৰু ৱৰ্লি চেনেলত ৫০ মিটাৰ-৫০ মিটাৰ-১৫০ মিটাৰ-৫০ মিটাৰ-৫০ মিটাৰ বিন্যাস ব্যৱস্থা আছে। [[চিত্ৰ:Bandra - Worli sea link & city lights... (17005067647).jpg|center|thumb|680x680px|পটভূমিত মুম্বাইৰ আকাশৰ ৰেখাৰ সৈতে বান্দ্ৰা-ৱৰ্লি সাগৰীয় সংযোগ, সূৰ্যাস্তৰ সময়ত]] === উত্তৰ আৰু দক্ষিণৰ ভায়াডাক্ট === মাজৰ কেবল-ষ্টেইড বিন্যাসসমূহৰ দুয়োকাষে থকা ভায়াডাক্টবোৰ ৩০০ মিটাৰ (৯৮০ ফুট) গোটত বিভক্ত কৰা হৈছে, যিবোৰত ৫০ মিটাৰৰ (১৬০ ফুট) ছটাকৈ নিৰন্তৰ বিন্যাস আছে। প্ৰতিটো গোটৰ শেষত প্ৰসাৰণ গাঁঠি প্ৰদান কৰা হৈছে। দলংখনৰ উপৰিসংৰচনা আৰু নিম্নগাঁথনি আইআৰচি ক'ডৰ অনুসৰি ডিজাইন কৰা হৈছে। ইয়াৰ নিৰ্দেশনাসমূহ আইআৰচি মানদণ্ডৰ সৈতে সংগতিপূৰ্ণ আৰু বিশেষ সামগ্ৰীৰ বাবে অতিৰিক্ত নিৰ্দেশাৱলী অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত কৰা হৈছে। ইয়াৰ ভেটি ১.৫ মিটাৰ (৪ ফুট ১১ ইঞ্চি) ব্যাসৰ ড্ৰিল কৰা পাইল (প্ৰতিটো পিয়াৰৰ বাবে চাৰিটাকৈ) আৰু পাইল কেপেৰে গঠিত। দলঙৰ বেয়াৰিংসমূহ ডিস্ক্ চানেকীৰ। দলংখনৰ বাবে মডুলাৰ এক্সপানচন জয়ণ্টসমূহ ছুইজাৰলেণ্ডৰ চিভিল ইঞ্জিনিয়াৰিং প্ৰতিষ্ঠান 'মাজেবা'ই যোগান ধৰিছিল।<ref>[https://www.mageba-group.com/ch/de/1023/Asien/Indien/19564/Bandra-Worli-Sea-Link.htm "Bandra Worli Sea Link"]. mageba-group.com (in German). Retrieved 6 September 2022.</ref> ভায়াডাক্টসমূহ প্ৰি-কাষ্ট, পোষ্ট-টেনচনযুক্ত, ছেগমেণ্টেল কংক্ৰিট-ষ্টীল বক্স গিৰ্ডাৰ ছেকচন ব্যৱহাৰ কৰি নিৰ্মাণ কৰা হৈছিল। প্ৰি-কাষ্ট ছেগমেণ্টসমূহৰ উপৰিসংৰচনা স্থাপন কৰিবলৈ নিৰ্মাণস্থলীত স্বয়ংক্ৰিয়ভাৱে উৎক্ষেপণ কৰিব পৰা ক্ষমতা সম্পন্ন এটা অভাৰহেড গেণ্ট্ৰি ক্ৰেন বিশেষভাৱে তৈয়াৰ কৰা হৈছিল। প্ৰি-কাষ্ট ছেগমেণ্টসমূহ প্ৰথমতে নামমাত্ৰ প্ৰি-ষ্ট্ৰেছিঙৰ সৈতে উচ্চ শক্তিৰ ইপোক্সি আঠা ব্যৱহাৰ কৰি সংযোগ কৰা হয়। পিয়াৰৰ কাষৰ শেষৰ ছেগমেণ্টবোৰ চুটি আৰু এইবোৰ "কাষ্ট-ইন-চিটু জয়ণ্ট।" প্ৰাথমিক নিৰন্তৰ টেণ্ডনসমূহৰ ওপৰত চাপ প্ৰয়োগ কৰাৰ আগতে বিন্যাসৰ জ্যামিতিক সালসলনি কৰি লোৱা হয়। ছেগমেণ্টৰ প্ৰকাৰসমূহ ইয়াৰ ৱেবৰ ডাঠ আৰু কোষত ঢলা ডায়াফ্ৰামৰপ্ৰকাৰৰ ওপৰত ভিত্তি কৰি নিৰ্ধাৰণ কৰা হৈছে। প্ৰতিটো ছেগমেণ্টৰ ওজন ১১০ ৰপৰা ১৪০ টনৰ ভিতৰত। ছেগমেণ্টৰ দৈৰ্ঘ্য ৩,০০০ ৰপৰা ৩,২০০ মিলিমিটাৰৰ (৯.৮ ৰপৰা ১০.৫ ফুট) ভিতৰত। প্ৰতিটো ৫০ মিটাৰ (১৬০ ফুট) বিন্যাসৰ সংস্থাপন সম্পূৰ্ণ হোৱাৰ পিছত ডেক পোষ্ট-টেনচনিং কৰা হয়। === কেবল-ষ্টেড বিন্যাস === বান্দ্ৰা চেনেলৰ কেবল-ষ্টেইড অংশটোৰ দৈৰ্ঘ্য এক্সপানচন জয়ণ্টসমূহৰ মাজত ৬০০ মিটাৰ (২,০০০ ফুট) আৰু ইয়াত দুটা ২৫০ মিটাৰৰ কেবল সমৰ্থিত মূল স্প্যান আছে, যাৰ দুয়োকাষে ৫০ মিটাৰৰ পৰম্পৰাগত এপ্ৰ’চ স্প্যান আছে। পিল কেপ লেভেলৰপৰা ১২৮ মিটাৰ উচ্চতাৰ এটা কেন্দ্ৰীয় টাৱাৰে 'ছেমি-হাৰ্প' বিন্যাসত চাৰিখন কেবল ষ্টেই সমতলৰ জৰিয়তে উপৰিসংৰচনাটো ধৰি ৰাখিছে। দলংখনৰ ডেকৰ সমান্তৰালভাৱে কেবলৰ ব্যৱধান হৈছে ৬.০ মিটাৰ। [[চিত্ৰ:Sea Link by Manan Jain.jpg|thumb|মূল কেবল-ষ্টেড বিন্যাস]] ৱৰ্লী চেনেলৰ কেবল-ষ্টেইড অংশটো এক্সপানচন জয়ণ্টসমূহৰ মাজত ২৫০ মিটাৰ (৮২০ ফুট) দীঘল আৰু ইয়াত এটা ১৫০ মিটাৰৰ কেবল সমৰ্থিত মূল স্প্যান আছে, যাৰ প্ৰতিটো দিশত দুটাকৈ ৫০ মিটাৰৰ পৰম্পৰাগত এপ্ৰ’চ স্প্যান আছে। ৫৫ মিটাৰ উচ্চতাৰ এটা কেন্দ্ৰীয় টাৱাৰে ছেমি-হাৰ্প বিন্যাসত চাৰিখন কেবল ষ্টেই সমতলৰ সহায়ত পিল কেপ লেভেলৰ ওপৰত উপৰিসংৰচনাটোক সমৰ্থন দিছে। ইয়াতো দলঙৰ ডেকৰ কাষে কাষে কেবলৰ ব্যৱধান ৬.০ মিটাৰ। উপৰিসংৰচনাটো যমজ প্ৰি-কাষ্ট কংক্ৰিট বক্স গিৰ্ডাৰেৰে গঠিত, যাৰ প্ৰস্থচ্ছেদ 'মাছৰ পেটৰ' দৰে আৰু ই এপ্ৰ’চ স্প্যানসমূহৰ সৈতে একে। এটা সাধাৰণ প্ৰি-কাষ্ট ছেগমেণ্টৰ দৈৰ্ঘ্য ৩.০ মিটাৰ আৰু আটাইতকৈ গধুৰ ছেগমেণ্টটোৰ ওজন প্ৰায় ১৪০ টন। এপ্ৰ’চসমূহৰ বাবে ব্যৱহৃত 'স্প্যান-বাই-স্প্যান' পদ্ধতিৰ বিপৰীতে কেবল সমৰ্থিত উপৰিসংৰচনা নিৰ্মাণৰ বাবে 'বেলেন্সড ক্যাণ্টিলিভাৰ' (balanced cantilever) পদ্ধতি ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হৈছে। প্ৰতিটো দ্বিতীয় ছেগমেণ্টৰ বাবে কেবল এনকাৰেজৰ ব্যৱস্থা কৰা হৈছে। বান্দ্ৰা চেনেলত মুঠ ২৬৪টা কেবল ষ্টেই ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হৈছে, যাৰ দৈৰ্ঘ্য প্ৰায় ৮৫ মিটাৰৰপৰা প্ৰায় ২৫০ মিটাৰ পৰ্যন্ত। টাৱাৰটো ক্লাইম্বিং ফৰ্ম পদ্ধতি ব্যৱহাৰ কৰি কাষ্ট ইন-চিটু ৰিইনফ'ৰ্চড কংক্ৰিটেৰে নিৰ্মাণ কৰা হৈছে। টাৱাৰটোৰ সামগ্ৰিক আকৃতি এটা ওলোটা "Y" সদৃশ আৰু ইয়াৰ হেলনীয়া খুঁটাবোৰ দলংখনৰ অক্ষৰ সমান্তৰালভাৱে অৱস্থিত। ফৰ্মড পকেট ব্যৱহাৰ কৰি টাৱাৰ কেবল এনকাৰেজ ৰিচেছসমূহ প্ৰস্তুত কৰা হৈছে আৰু স্থানীয় কেবল-শক্তিক প্ৰতিৰোধ কৰিবলৈ টাৱাৰ হেডত ট্ৰেন্সভাৰ্চ আৰু লংগিটিউডিনেল বাৰ পোষ্ট-টেনচনিঙৰ ব্যৱস্থা কৰা হৈছে। ৱৰ্লী চেনেলত মুঠ ১৬০টা কেবল ষ্টেই ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হৈছে, যাৰ দৈৰ্ঘ্য সৰ্বনিম্ন প্ৰায় ৩০ মিটাৰৰপৰা সৰ্বাধিক প্ৰায় ৮০ মিটাৰ পৰ্যন্ত। বান্দ্ৰা চেনেলৰ দৰেই ইয়াতো টাৱাৰটো ক্লাইম্বিং ফৰ্ম পদ্ধতিৰে কাষ্ট ইন-চিটু ৰিইনফ'ৰ্চড কংক্ৰিটেৰে নিৰ্মাণ কৰা হৈছে, কিন্তু ইয়াৰ সামগ্ৰিক আকৃতি হেলনীয়া খুঁটাৰ সৈতে "I" সদৃশ। একেদৰে, ইয়াতো ফৰ্মড পকেট ব্যৱহাৰ কৰি টাৱাৰ কেবল এনকাৰেজ ৰিচেছসমূহ তৈয়াৰ কৰা হৈছে। মূল টাৱাৰটোৰ ভেটিত ২৫ মিটাৰ দৈৰ্ঘ্যৰ ২ মিটাৰ ড্ৰিল কৰা খাদ আছে। শুকান ঠাইত ছয় মিটাৰ দ ভেটি নিৰ্মাণৰ বাবে কফাৰডেম আৰু ট্ৰেমি ছিল নিৰ্মাণ ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হৈছে। == দলংখনৰ ব্যৱস্থাপনা == [[চিত্ৰ:Toll gates- Bandra Worli sea link.JPG|thumb|বান্দ্ৰা-ৱৰ্লি ছি লিংকৰ টোল গেট]] === টোল সংগ্ৰহ === টোল প্লাজাৰ বান্দ্ৰা শেষত ১৬টা লেন আছে। ইলেক্ট্ৰনিক টোল সংগ্ৰহ ব্যৱস্থাৰে সজ্জিত টোল প্লাজা। দুয়োটা মূৰত টোল সংগ্ৰহৰ বিকল্পসমূহৰ ভিতৰত আছে: * সঘনাই অহা-যোৱা কৰা লোকৰ বাবে বাহনত সংস্থাপিত অন-ব'ৰ্ড ইউনিটৰ জৰিয়তে স্বয়ংক্ৰিয় ইলেক্ট্ৰনিক পেমেণ্ট ব্যৱস্থা যিয়ে বাহনসমূহক ৰৈ নোযোৱাকৈ পাৰ হ'বলৈ সক্ষম কৰে।<ref>Chittaranjan Tembhekar (2 August 2012). [https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/Sea-link-test-drive-successful-e-toll-starts-today/articleshow/15320178.cms "Sea link test drive successful, e-toll starts today"]. [[দ্য টাইম্‌ছ অৱ ইণ্ডিয়া|The Times of India]].</ref> * পৰ পৰিচালিত লেনসমূহত স্মাৰ্ট কাৰ্ডৰ জৰিয়তে অৰ্ধ-স্বয়ংক্ৰিয় নগদবিহীন ইলেক্ট্ৰনিক পৰিশোধ। * টোল এটেনডেণ্টক নগদ ধনৰ জৰিয়তে পৰিশোধ কৰাৰ বাবে মেনুৱেল টোল সংগ্ৰহ ব্যৱস্থা। {| style="margin:0 auto; text-align:center; " class="wikitable" |- ! rowspan="2"| বাহন!! colspan="3" | টোল (প্ৰযোজ্য: ০১/এপ্ৰিল/২০২১)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bandra Worli Sea Link (BWSL) updated Toll rates as of April 2021 |date=April 2021|url=https://www.thelivemirror.com/mumbai-bandra-worli-sea-link-toll-costlier/}}</ref> |- ! একক যাত্ৰা||উভতি অহা যাত্ৰা||দিনটোৰ বাবে |- | [[কাৰ]] || {{INRConvert|85}} | {{INRConvert|127.5}} | {{INRConvert|212.5}} |- | টেম্প'/[[Light commercial vehicle|লঘু বাণিজ্যিক বাহন]] | {{INRConvert|130}} | {{INRConvert|195}} | {{INRConvert|325}} |- | ট্ৰাক/বাচ || {{INRConvert|175}} | {{INRConvert|262.5}} | {{INRConvert|437.5}} |} [[চিত্ৰ:Bandra-Worli Sea Link night.jpg|thumb|নিৰ্মাণৰ সময়ত প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে বান্দ্ৰা-ৱৰ্লি ছি লিংকৰ মূল কেবল স্পেন পোহৰাই তুলিছিল। ]] === বিদ্যুৎ যোগান আৰু পোহৰ === এই সেতুখনত এক নিৰ্ভৰযোগ্য আৰু অতিৰিক্ত বিদ্যুৎ যোগানৰ ব্যৱস্থা আছে, যিটো ডিজেল জেনেৰেটৰ আৰু অটো মেইনছ ফেইলৰ পেনেলৰদ্বাৰা সমৰ্থিত। এই ব্যৱস্থাই গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ কাৰ্যসমূহ যেনে নিৰীক্ষণ, তদাৰকীবিন্যাস, জৰুৰীকালীন সঁজুলি আৰু বিমান চালনা তথা প্ৰতিবন্ধক নিৰ্দেশকৰ দৰে যোগাযোগ সেৱাসমূহ অব্যাহত ৰাখে। BWSL-এ কেৱল শক্তি সঞ্চয়কাৰী আলোক ব্যৱস্থাহে ব্যৱহাৰ কৰে। === তদাৰকী আৰু নিৰাপত্তা === [[চিত্ৰ:Bandra-Worli Sea Link (BWSL).JPG|thumb|আলোকিত বান্দ্ৰা-ৱৰ্লি সাগৰীয় সংযোগ ৱৰ্লি স্কাইলাইন। ]] এটা বুদ্ধিমান সেতু ব্যৱস্থাপনা প্ৰণালীয়ে যান-বাহনৰ তথ্য, তদাৰকী, নিৰীক্ষণ আৰু নিয়ন্ত্ৰণ ব্যৱস্থা প্ৰদান কৰে। ইয়াত চিচিটিভি, স্বয়ংক্ৰিয় যান-বাহন গণক আৰু বাহন শ্ৰেণীবিভাজন প্ৰণালী, পৰিৱৰ্তনশীল বাৰ্তা ফলক, দূৰৱৰ্তী বতৰৰ তথ্য প্ৰণালী আৰু জৰুৰীকালীন টেলিফোন অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত থাকে। ইয়াৰ নিয়ন্ত্ৰণ কেন্দ্ৰটো ইলেক্ট্ৰনিক টোল সংগ্ৰহ কেন্দ্ৰৰ সৈতে টোল প্লাজাৰ ওচৰত অৱস্থিত। এই নিয়ন্ত্ৰণ ব্যৱস্থাত সমগ্ৰ বি.ডব্লিউ.এচ.এল. জুৰি বিস্তৃত হৈ থকা ফাইবাৰ-অপটিক কেবল ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়। ইয়াত টোল সংগ্ৰহ আৰু উন্নত যান-বাহন ব্যৱস্থাপনা প্ৰণালী স্থাপন কৰা হৈছে। যান-বাহন আইন বলবৎ কৰাৰ বাবে, এই সেতুখনত এনফৰ্চমেণ্ট বিষয়াৰদ্বাৰা কোনো বাহন ৰখোৱাৰ নিৰ্দেশ দিলে বা বাহন বিকল হ’লে পাৰ্শ্বৱৰ্তী ঠাইত ৰখাৰ সুবিধা আছে। চি-লিংকত যাতায়াত কৰা বাহনসমূহৰ বাবে সেতুখনত ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ বিস্ফোৰক স্কেনাৰ ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়।<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111003042330/http://www.mynews.in/News/Mumbai-Bandra-Worli_sea_link_N26393.html "Mumbai police commissioner asks MSRDC to ensure security of Bandra-Worli sealink"]. Mynews.in. 22 September 2009. Archived from [http://www.mynews.in/News/Mumbai-Bandra-Worli_sea_link_N26393.html the original] on 3 October 2011. Retrieved 3 August 2010</ref> প্ৰতিখন বাহনৰ ওপৰত আৰু তলত থকা ছেন্সৰৰ জৰিয়তে পৰীক্ষা কৰিবলৈ ২০ ছেকেণ্ডতকৈও কম সময় লাগে। প্ৰতিটো স্কেনাৰে প্ৰতি ঘণ্টাত ১৮০খনতকৈও অধিক গাড়ী স্কেন কৰিব পাৰে।<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20121018181410/http://www.hindustantimes.com/tabloid-news/mumbai/Your-car-will-be-scanned/Article1-578713.aspx "Your car will be scanned - Hindustan Times"]. Archived from [http://www.hindustantimes.com/tabloid-news/mumbai/Your-car-will-be-scanned/Article1-578713.aspx the original] on 18 October 2012. Retrieved 3 August 2010.</ref><ref>Source: DNAIndia. [https://web.archive.org/web/20110617023440/http://news.indiainfo.com/bandra-worli-sea-link-will-get-hi-tech-security-1461695.html "Bandra-Worli Sea Link will get hi-tech security"]. News.indiainfo.com. Archived from [http://news.indiainfo.com/bandra-worli-sea-link-will-get-hi-tech-security-1461695.html the origina]l on 17 June 2011. Retrieved 3 August 2010.</ref> দলংখনক সমৰ্থন কৰা খুঁটা আৰু টাৱাৰবোৰ বিস্ফোৰণ আৰু সংঘৰ্ষ সহ্য কৰিব পৰাকৈ ডিজাইন কৰা বয়ৰদ্বাৰা সুৰক্ষিত কৰা হৈছে। এই ফুলি উঠা বয়বোৰে সাগৰীয় সংযোগৰ প্ৰতিটো খুঁটাক আগুৰি ধৰে যাতে কোনো ধৰণৰ ক্ষতি নহয়।<ref>[http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report_hi-tech-scanners-on-bandra-worli-sea-link-by-year-end_1415643 "DNA: Mumbai – Hi-tech scanners on Bandra-Worli Sea Link by year-end"]. Daily News and Analysis. 28 July 2010. [https://web.archive.org/web/20101018025538/http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report_hi-tech-scanners-on-bandra-worli-sea-link-by-year-end_1415643 Archived] from the original on 18 October 2010. Retrieved 3 August 2010.</ref> বি ডব্লিউ এছ এলৰ বীমা হৈছে নিউ ইণ্ডিয়া এশ্বুৰেন্স।<ref>[http://indianexpress.com/article/business/business-others/monorail-gets-rs-1200-cr-cover/ "Monorail gets Rs 1,200 cr cover"]. The Indian Express. 7 February 2014. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20180320230959/http://indianexpress.com/article/business/business-others/monorail-gets-rs-1200-cr-cover/ the original] on 20 March 2018. Retrieved 20 March 2018.</ref> দলং টাৱাৰ আৰু নিয়ন্ত্ৰণ কেন্দ্ৰসমূহত বিজুলীৰপৰা সুৰক্ষাৰ বৈশিষ্ট্য আছে, যিটো দলং নিৰীক্ষণ, যোগাযোগ আৰু শক্তি সঁজুলিসমূহক সম্ভাৱ্য ঢৌৰপৰা ৰক্ষা কৰিবলৈ ডিজাইন কৰা হৈছে। === অভিগম্যতা === সুৰক্ষাৰ দিশটো বিবেচনা কৰি, বি.ডব্লিউ.এচ.এল. পথচাৰীৰ বাবে মুকলি নহয় আৰু এম.এচ.আৰ.ডি.চি.-ৰ সতীশ গাভৈৰ মতে, এই সেতুখন তেওঁলোকৰ বাবে নিৰ্মাণ কৰা হোৱা নাছিল।<ref>[http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/let-us-walk-on-the-sea-link-how-dare-they-let-us/ "Let us walk on the sea link… how dare they let us?"]. [[দ্য ইণ্ডিয়ান এক্মপ্ৰেছ|The Indian Express]]. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20180320231010/http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/let-us-walk-on-the-sea-link-how-dare-they-let-us/ the original] on 20 March 2018. Retrieved 20 March 2018.</ref> মটৰচাইকেল আৰু পেডেল চাইকেলকে ধৰি দুচকীয়া বাহন, আৰু তিনিচকীয়া বাহনৰ প্ৰৱেশো ইয়াত নিষিদ্ধ কৰা হৈছে। এনে বাহন চলাই ধৰা পৰিলে চালকসকলে ১২০০ টকা জৰিমনা ভৰিবলগীয়া হয়। কঠোৰ নিৰাপত্তা ব্যৱস্থা থকা সত্ত্বেও, বহু সময়ত চাইকেল আৰোহী আৰু পথচাৰী ৱৰ্লিৰ দিশৰপৰা সোমাই অহাৰ ঘটনা ঘটিছে, কাৰণ চাইকেল আৰোহী আৰু পথচাৰীৰ প্ৰৱেশ নিষিদ্ধ কৰি ফলক বা সতৰ্কবাণী থকাৰ পাছতো সেই দিশত তেওঁলোকক বাধা দিবলৈ কোনো টোল বুথ নাই। অৱশ্যে, এনে ধৰণৰ ঘটনা ৰোধ কৰিবলৈ সেতুখনত টহলদাৰী ব্যৱস্থা বলবৎ কৰা হৈছে।<ref>[https://www.mapsofindia.com/my-india/travel/rajiv-gandhi-setu-bandra-worli-sea-lin "Rajiv Gandhi setu (Bandra-Worli sea link) & Bandra Fort | My India"]. www.mapsofindia.com. 19 March 2014. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20180321130445/https://www.mapsofindia.com/my-india/travel/rajiv-gandhi-setu-bandra-worli-sea-lin the original] on 21 March 2018. Retrieved 20 March 2018.</ref><ref>[http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report-bjp-demands-bandra-worli-sea-link-accessible-to-pedestrians-1274018 "BJP demands Bandra-Worli Sea Link accessible to pedestrians | Latest News & Updates at Daily News & Analysis"]. dna. 14 July 2009. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20180320232119/http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report-bjp-demands-bandra-worli-sea-link-accessible-to-pedestrians-1274018 the original] on 20 March 2018. Retrieved 20 March 2018.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20170218064805/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-1786049201.html "BJP demands Bandra-Worli Sea Link accessible to pedestrians"]. 14 July 2009. Archived from [https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-1786049201.html the original] on 18 February 2017. Retrieved 17 February 2017.</ref> বান্দ্ৰা-ৱৰ্লি চি-লিংকত চাইকেল আৰোহীক কেৱল [[বিশ্ব পৰিৱেশ দিৱস]]ৰ দিনাহে অনুমতি দিয়া হয়, যিদিনা মুম্বাই আৰক্ষীৰদ্বাৰা প্ৰতি বছৰে গণ [[চাইকেল]] ৰেলীৰ আয়োজন কৰা হয়, অথবা যিবোৰ দিনত বিশেষ কাৰণত অনুমতি প্ৰদান কৰা হয়।<ref>[https://pedalandtringtring.com/2022/06/17/ride-on-the-bandra-worli-sea-link/#:~:text=On%20a%20normal%20day%2C%20only,prohibited%20to%20use%20the%20bridge. ""RIDE ON THE BANDRA WORLI SEA-LINK"".]</ref> অৱশ্যে, বছৰটোৰ বাকী দিনবোৰত চি-লিংকত চাইকেল চলোৱাৰ বাবে আৰোহীসকলক দণ্ডিত কৰিব পাৰি। মটৰ বাহন আইনত চাইকেলৰ কোনো ব্যৱস্থা নথকা আৰু অনুজ্ঞাপত্ৰৰ প্ৰয়োজন নোহোৱাৰ দোহাই দি আৰোহীসকলে প্ৰায়ে বাধা পোৱাৰ পাছতো জৰিমনা পৰিশোধ কৰিবলৈ অস্বীকাৰ কৰি আহিছে। চাইকেল আৰোহীক প্ৰৱেশৰপৰা বিৰত ৰাখিবলৈ যান-বাহন আৰক্ষীয়ে গ্ৰহণ কৰা আন এক কৌশল হ’ল চাইকেলসমূহ জব্দ কৰা আৰু টায়াৰৰ বতাহ উলিয়াই দিয়াৰ লগতে আৰোহীক আটক কৰা। আৰক্ষীৰ এই কাৰ্যই সমালোচনা আৰু ক্ষোভৰ সৃষ্টি কৰিছে, কিয়নো ইয়াক আৰক্ষী কৰ্মীৰ দুৰাচৰণ আৰু যান্ত্ৰিক শক্তিবিহীন বাহনৰ গৰাকীৰ অধিকাৰ উলংঘন হিচাপে গণ্য কৰা হৈছে।<ref>""[https://cyclingguru.in/can-a-cyclist-run-a-red-light-in-india/#:~:text=As%20the%20Motor%20Vehicle%20Act,considered%20a%20vehicle%20in%20India. Can a Cyclist Run a Red Light in India?] [10 Basic Rules Explained]"".</ref> [[চিত্ৰ:Bandra Worli Sea Link.JPG|center|thumb|893x893px|বান্দ্ৰা-ৱৰ্লি সাগৰীয় সংযোগৰ পেনোৰামা শ্বট (মুম্বাই)]] == সমালোচনা == 'দ্য ইকনমিক টাইমছে' বান্দ্ৰা-ৱৰ্লি চি-লিংকৰ নিৰ্মাণত হোৱা বিলম্ব আৰু ত্ৰুটিপূৰ্ণ নিৰ্মাণ কাৰ্যক সমালোচনা কৰিছিল। প্ৰথমতে, ইয়াৰ ব্যয় অনুমাণিক ৩০০ কোটি টকাৰ পৰিৱৰ্তে প্ৰকৃততে ১৬০০ কোটি টকা হৈছিল। দ্বিতীয়তে, এই প্ৰকল্পটো নিৰ্ধাৰিত সময়তকৈ পাঁচ বছৰ পিছ পৰি আছিল।<ref>[http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/features/bandra-worli-sea-link-hi-tech-incompetence/articleshow/4723969.cms "Features"]. [[:en:The_Economic_Times|The Economic Times]]. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20101012032923/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/features/Bandra-Worli-Sea-Link-Hi-tech-incompetence/articleshow/4723969.cms the original] on 12 October 2010.</ref> 'দ্য ফাইনেন্সিয়েল এক্সপ্ৰেছে' প্ৰতিৱেদন দিছে যে মুকলি হোৱাৰ আঠ বছৰৰ পাছতো বান্দ্ৰা-ৱৰ্লি চি-লিংকত দৈনিক গড় যাতায়াত মূল অনুমানৰ এক-তৃতীয়াংশতকৈও কম। দৰাচলতে, বছৰ বছৰ ধৰি ৰাজহ বৃদ্ধিৰ পৰিমাণ যথেষ্ট কম আছিল—২০১০–২০১১ বৰ্ষত ৬৬.৬২ কোটি টকাৰপৰা ২০১১–২০১২ বৰ্ষত ৭০.২৮ কোটি টকা আৰু ২০১২–২০১৩ বৰ্ষত ৭১.০৪ কোটি টকালৈ।<ref>[https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/bandra-worli-sea-link-not-as-popular-as-predicted/586330/ "Bandra-Worli Sea Link not as popular as predicted"]. [[:en:The_Financial_Express_(India)|The Financial Express]]. 13 March 2017. Retrieved 10 September 2018.</ref> শেহতীয়া পৰিসংখ্যায় দেখুৱাইছে যে যোৱা বছৰৰ তুলনাত এই ছয় কিলোমিটাৰ দৈৰ্ঘ্যৰ মুখ্যতঃ কেবল-ষ্টেইড সেতুখনত দৈনিক যাতায়াত ১১% তকৈও অধিক হ্ৰাস পাইছে—অৰ্থাৎ ২০১১–২০১২ চনৰ ৪৫,৯৫২খন বাহনৰপৰা ২০১২–২০১৩ চনত ৪০,৮০৮ খনলৈ। ২০০৯ চনৰপৰা ২০১৩ চনলৈ এই চাৰি বছৰত দৈনিক বাহনৰ সংখ্যা ১৬% তকৈও অধিক হ্ৰাস পাইছে। উচ্চ টোল মাছুলক এটা অন্যতম কাৰণ হিচাপে গণ্য কৰা হৈছে যাৰ বাবে মানুহে এই সেতুখনক যাতায়াতৰ বাবে এক কম আকৰ্ষণীয় বিকল্প হিচাপে বিবেচনা কৰিছে। ইয়াৰ উপৰি দক্ষিণমুখী যাতায়াতৰ বাবে পেডাৰ ৰোডৰ দিশত হোৱা ভিৰ আৰু চহৰখনৰ পূব দিশে উত্তৰ-দক্ষিণ যাতায়াত সুচল কৰা নতুন উৰণীয়া সেতুসমূহক (বিশেষকৈ ২.৬ কিলোমিটাৰ দীঘল লালবাগ উৰণীয়া সেতু) ইয়াৰ বাবে দায়ী কৰা হৈছে।<ref>[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/On-Bandra-Worli-sea-link-traffic-down-16-in-4-years/articleshow/20039141.cms "On Bandra-Worli sea link, traffic down 16% in four years - Times of India".] [[দ্য টাইম্‌ছ অৱ ইণ্ডিয়া|The Times of India]]. Retrieved 10 September 2018.</ref> নিৰ্মাণ সম্পূৰ্ণ হোৱাৰ ঠিক পাছতেই সেতুখনৰ ৰাস্তাৰ উপৰিভাগ খহি পৰা কাৰ্যক লৈও সমালোচনাৰ সৃষ্টি হৈছিল।<ref>NewsX (28 July 2009), [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h40V8PDtA00 NewsX Video: Potholes in Bandra-Worli sea link], archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20180328023909/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h40V8PDtA00 the original] on 28 March 2018, retrieved 20 March 2018</ref> সেতুখনৰ ৱৰ্লি (দক্ষিণ) প্ৰান্তৰ সংকীৰ্ণতাৰ বাবে ইয়াৰ ক্ষমতা সীমিত হৈ পৰিছে। ৪.৭ কিলোমিটাৰ দৈৰ্ঘ্যৰ বেছিভাগ অংশতে প্ৰতিটো দিশত চাৰিটাকৈ লেন আছে যদিও ৱৰ্লি প্ৰান্তৰ প্ৰায় ১.২ কিলোমিটাৰ অংশত মাত্ৰ দুটাহে লেন আছে। ইয়াৰ ফলত বিশেষকৈ পুৱাৰ ব্যস্ত সময়ত দক্ষিণমুখী যাতায়াতৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত যান-জঁটৰ সৃষ্টি হয়। দুচকীয়া আৰু তিনিচকীয়া বাহনৰ বাবে নিষিদ্ধ যদিও, ৱৰ্লিৰ দিশৰপৰা সেতুখনত প্ৰৱেশ কৰা চাইকেল আৰোহীসকলক যান-বাহন আৰক্ষীয়ে [[মটৰ বাহন আইন]]ৰ বিভিন্ন ধাৰাত গধুৰ জৰিমনা বিহাৰ উদাহৰণ আছে। এই কাৰ্যক অসাংবিধানিক আৰু ক্ষমতাৰ অপব্যৱহাৰ তথা দুৰ্নীতি বুলি গণ্য কৰা হৈছে, কাৰণ মটৰ বাহন আইনৰ কোনো ধাৰাৰ অধীনতে চাইকেল আৰোহীক আনকি সেতুখনত প্ৰৱেশ কৰাৰ দৰে উলংঘনৰ বাবেও দণ্ডিত কৰিব নোৱাৰি।<ref>[https://www.mapsofindia.com/my-india/travel/rajiv-gandhi-setu-bandra-worli-sea-lin "Rajiv Gandhi setu (Bandra-Worli sea link) & Bandra Fort | My India"]. www.mapsofindia.com. 19 March 2014. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20180321130445/https://www.mapsofindia.com/my-india/travel/rajiv-gandhi-setu-bandra-worli-sea-lin the original] on 21 March 2018. Retrieved 20 March 2018.</ref> == লগতে চাওক == * [[:en:Versova–Bandra_Sea_Link|ভাৰ্চোভা–বান্দ্ৰা সাগৰীয় সংযোগ]] * [[:en:Vikhroli-Koparkhairane_Link_Road|বিখৰোলি-কোপাৰখাইৰাণে লিংক ৰোড]] * [[:en:Coastal_Road_(Mumbai)|উপকূলীয় পথ (মুম্বাই)]] * [[:en:Worli-Haji_Ali_Sea_Link|ৱৰ্লি-হাজী আলী সাগৰীয় লিংক]] * [[:en:Mumbai_Trans_Harbour_Link|মুম্বাই ট্ৰেন্স হাৰ্বাৰ লিংক]] * [[:en:Hancock_Bridge,_Mumbai|হেনকক দলং]] * [[:en:List_of_longest_bridges|বিশ্বৰ আটাইতকৈ দীঘল দলঙৰ তালিকা]] <gallery> </gallery> ==তথ্য সংগ্ৰহ== {{Reflist}} [[শ্ৰেণী:দলং]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ভাৰতৰ দলং]] e1uw2ioqp45m36kyzuvnl9o92emriqe 0 130612 605910 572497 2026-05-11T18:30:23Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 605910 wikitext text/x-wiki {{notability}} '''প্ৰবোধ শৰ্মা''' অসমৰ সামাজিক, শৈক্ষিক আৰু জ্যোতিষবিদ্যাৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত এক পৰিচিত নাম। তেওঁ দৰং আৰু ওদালগুৰি জিলা ব্ৰাহ্মণ সভাৰ জ্যোতিষ শাখাৰ সভাপতি<ref>{{cite news | url=https://niyomiyabarta.com/epaper/11082025/details.php?date=11082025&page=11&article=2.gif&cid=2 | title=দৰং-ওদালগুৰি জিলা ব্ৰাহ্মণ সভাৰ কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহক সভা | date=১০ আগষ্ট ২০২৫ | agency=নিয়মীয়া বাৰ্তা | accessdate=২৯ জানুৱাৰী ২০২৬ }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> আৰু নৃগোষ্ঠীয় অধ্যয়ন আৰু গৱেষণা কেন্দ্ৰ, অসমৰো সভাপতি হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰি আছে। তেওঁ বিশুদ্ধ পূৰ্ণাংগ পঞ্জিকাৰ প্ৰকাশক।<ref>{{cite book | url=https://www.amazon.in/dp/B0GK9BQ3F5?ref=cm_sw_r_ffobk_cso_cp_apan_dp_TTCZEF311MKYX1561VGM&ref_=cm_sw_r_ffobk_cso_cp_apan_dp_TTCZEF311MKYX1561VGM&social_share=cm_sw_r_ffobk_cso_cp_apan_dp_TTCZEF311MKYX1561VGM&bestFormat=true&dplnkId=1d7cc970-5e84-43c5-bd3a-617bae234553 | title=Bisuddha Purnanga Panjika ৷ বিশুদ্ধ পূৰ্ণাঙ্গ পঞ্জিকা | author=Prabodh Sarma}}</ref> == প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন আৰু শিক্ষা == তেওঁ মঙলদৈ চৰকাৰী উচ্চতৰ মাধ্যমিক বিদ্যালয়ৰ প্ৰাক্তন সম্পাদক হিচাপে শৈক্ষিক ক্ষেত্ৰখনৰ লগত জড়িত আছিল। ইয়াৰ উপৰি, তেওঁ অসম জ্যোতিষ সভাৰো প্ৰাক্তন সম্পাদক আছিল। == জ্যোতিষ শাস্ত্ৰলৈ অৱদান == ড° শৰ্মাই বিশুদ্ধ পূৰ্ণাঙ্গ পঞ্জিকাৰ গণনাকাৰী আৰু প্ৰকাশক হিচাপে জ্যোতিষশাস্ত্ৰৰ ক্ষেত্ৰখনলৈ এক উল্লেখযোগ্য অৱদান আগবঢ়াইছে। তেওঁ "গাৰ্গী জ্যোতিষ আলোচনী"ৰ মুখ্য সম্পাদক হিচাপেও নিজৰ দায়িত্ব পালন কৰি আহিছে। == নাট্যকাৰ হিচাপে == এগৰাকী নাট্যকাৰ হিচাপেও তেওঁৰ পৰিচয় আছে। তেওঁৰ উল্লেখযোগ্য নাটসমূহ হ'ল: * সংঘাত আৰু কবৰ * কঁপি উঠে কিয় তাজমহল * ট্ৰিমুখানিত্যাভিনয় * অভিনয়ত ভূত * ফাঁচিকাঠৰ চকুলো == বঁটা আৰু সন্মান == তেওঁৰ অসাধাৰণ অৱদানৰ বাবে তেওঁ বিভিন্ন বঁটা আৰু সন্মানেৰে বিভূষিত হৈছে। তাৰ ভিতৰত উল্লেখযোগ্য কিছুমান হ'ল: * জ্যোতিষ সম্ৰাট * জ্যোতিষ শিৰোমণি * জ্যোতিষ ভাস্কৰ * বাস্তু বিশাৰদ * ৰত্ন বিশাৰদ * তন্ত্ৰ বিশাৰদ * ডক্টৰ অফ এষ্ট্ৰুলজী * গ্লোদ ক্ৰাউণ্ড * জীৱন জোৰা সাধনা বঁটা * গ্লড মেডেলিষ্ট অফ এষ্ট্ৰুলজী * অসমীয়া পঞ্জিকা জ্যোতি * জ্যোতিষ ৰত্ন বঁটা * ড° আম্বেদকাৰ বঁটা ==তথ্য সংগ্ৰহ== {{Reflist}} [[শ্ৰেণী:অসমৰ ব্যক্তি]] 7e875fkskg2gsqqbzhy4ztk87546qsd 0 131217 605929 581165 2026-05-12T06:03:50Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 605929 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox organization | name = ভাৰতীয় সাংস্কৃতিক সম্বন্ধ পৰিষদ | image = | image_border = | size = ৪০০px | alt = | caption = | map = | msize = | malt = | mcaption = | abbreviation = আইচিচিআৰ | motto = | formation = {{Start date and age|df=yes|1950|04|09}} | logo = Indian_Council_for_Cultural_Relations_logo.png | logo_size = 262px | extinction = | type = চৰকাৰী সংস্থা | status = | purpose = | headquarters = আজাদ ভবন, আই.পি. ইষ্টেট, নতুন দিল্লী – ১১০০০২ | location = | coords = | region_served = বিশ্বব্যাপী | membership = | language = | leader_title = সভাপতি | leader_name = ''খালী'' | leader_title2 = সঞ্চালক প্ৰধান | leader_name2 = কে. নন্দিনী সিংলা | main_organ = শাসন পৰিষদ | parent_organisation = [[Government of India]] | affiliations = বিদেশ মন্ত্ৰালয় | num_staff = | num_volunteers = | budget = | website = {{URL|iccr.gov.in}} }} '''ভাৰতীয় সাংস্কৃতিক সম্বন্ধ পৰিষদ''' ('''আইচিচিআৰ''') হৈছে [[ভাৰত চৰকাৰ]]ৰ অধীনস্থ এটা স্বায়ত্তশাসিত সংস্থা, যিয়ে অন্যান্য দেশ আৰু সিহঁতৰ জনসাধাৰণৰ সৈতে সাংস্কৃতিক আদান-প্ৰদানৰ জৰিয়তে ভাৰতৰ বিশ্বব্যাপী সাংস্কৃতিক সম্পৰ্ক উন্নীত কৰে। এই সংস্থাটো ৯ এপ্ৰিল ১৯৫০ তাৰিখে স্বাধীন ভাৰতৰ প্ৰথম শিক্ষা মন্ত্ৰী [[মৌলানা আবুল কালাম আজাদ]]ৰ দ্বাৰা প্ৰতিষ্ঠা কৰা হয়।<ref>{{Cite news |date=২৪ অক্টোবৰ ২০২৪ |title=ICCR organises conference on Pali as classical language in Colombo |website=The Hindu |publisher=The Hindu |access-date=১১ মাৰ্চ ২০২৫ |language=en-IN}}</ref> আইচিচিআৰৰ মুখ্য কাৰ্যালয় আজাদ ভবন, আই.পি. ইষ্টেট, [[নতুন দিল্লী]]ত অৱস্থিত। ইয়াৰ আঞ্চলিক কাৰ্যালয়সমূহ [[বেংগালুৰু]], [[গুৱাহাটী]], [[কলকাতা]], লক্ষ্ণৌ, [[মুম্বাই]], [[পাটনা]], [[পুনে]], [[শ্বিলং]], জম্মু আৰু [[আহমেদাবাদ]]ত অৱস্থিত। এই পৰিষদে আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় পৰ্যায়তো কাৰ্য পৰিচালনা কৰে আৰু সাংস্কৃতিক কেন্দ্ৰ স্থাপন কৰিছে জৰ্জটাউন, পাৰামাৰিবো,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://iccsur.org/pages.php?id=2 |title=Welcome to Indian Cultural Centre, Embassy of India, Paramaribo |website=iccsur.org |access-date=১৮ এপ্ৰিল ২০১৮ |language=en |archivedate=2018-08-23 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180823155610/http://iccsur.org/pages.php?id=2 |deadurl=yes }}</ref> প’ৰ্ট লুইচ, [[জাকাৰ্টা]], [[মস্কো]], ভালাদোলিদ, [[বাৰ্লিন]], [[কাইৰো]], [[লণ্ডন]] (নেহৰু চেণ্টাৰ), তাচখণ্ড, আলমাটি, জোহানেছবাৰ্গ, ডাৰবান, প’ৰ্ট অৱ স্পেইন আৰু কলম্বোত।<ref>{{Cite news |last=Chakrabarty |first=Sreeparna |date=২ এপ্ৰিল ২০২৩ |title=How ICCR plans to build its brand ambassador programme amongst foreign students in India |website=The Hindu |publisher=The Hindu |access-date=১১ মাৰ্চ ২০২৫ |language=en-IN}}</ref> ইয়াৰ উপৰিও [[ঢাকা]], [[থিম্ফু]], চাও পাউলো, [[কাঠমাণ্ডু]], [[বেংকক]], [[কুৱালালামপুৰ]] আৰু [[টকিঅ']]ত নতুন সাংস্কৃতিক কেন্দ্ৰ খোলা হৈছে।<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://iccr.tripod.com/aboutus.htm |title=Indian Council for Cultural Relations (ICCR): about the organisation |website=iccr.tripod.com |access-date=১৮ এপ্ৰিল ২০১৮ |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == কাৰ্যকলাপ == [[File:Museum of Asian art of Corfu 248.JPG|thumb|গ্ৰীচৰ মিউজিয়াম অৱ এছিয়ান আৰ্ট অৱ কৰ্ফুলৈ দান কৰা শিৱ নটৰাজৰ হিন্দু প্ৰতিমূৰ্তিৰ অনুলিপি]] আইচিচিআৰে সাংস্কৃতিক কূটনীতিৰ জৰিয়তে ইয়াৰ দায়িত্ব পালন কৰে। ভাৰত আৰু বিদেশত সাংস্কৃতিক উৎসৱ আয়োজন কৰাৰ উপৰিও এই পৰিষদে ভাৰতৰ বিভিন্ন সাংস্কৃতিক প্ৰতিষ্ঠানক আৰ্থিক সহায় প্ৰদান কৰে আৰু [[নৃত্য]], [[সংগীত]], [[ফটোগ্ৰাফী]], [[নাটক]] আৰু [[দৃশ্য কলা]] ক্ষেত্ৰত ব্যক্তিগত শিল্পীক পৃষ্ঠপোষকতা কৰে।<ref>{{Cite web |date=২৭ মাৰ্চ ২০২৪ |title=University of Houston renews MoU with ICCR to set up new chair on Tamil language, literature |website=The Indian Express |access-date=১১ মাৰ্চ ২০২৫ |language=en}}</ref> ইয়াৰ উপৰিও পৰিষদে ১৯৬৫ চনত ভাৰত চৰকাৰে প্ৰতিষ্ঠা কৰা জৱাহৰলাল নেহৰু আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় বুজাবুজি বঁটা পৰিচালনা কৰে, যাৰ শেষ বঁটা ২০০৯ চনত প্ৰদান কৰা হৈছিল।<ref name="Nehru Award Recipients">{{Cite web |url=http://iccr.gov.in/content/nehru-award-recipients |title=Nehru Award Recipients |publisher=Government of India |access-date=৮ অক্টোবৰ ২০১৭ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160815011210/http://iccr.gov.in/content/nehru-award-recipients |archive-date=১৫ আগষ্ট ২০১৬ |url-status=dead |language=en}}</ref> === প্ৰকাশনা === আইচিচিআৰে পাঁচটা ভিন্ন ভাষাত প্ৰকাশিত ছয়খন ত্ৰৈমাসিক আলোচনী প্ৰকাশ কৰে— {| class="wikitable" ! আলোচনী ! ভাষা |- | ''Indian Horizons'' | ইংৰাজী |- | ''Africa Quarterly'' | ইংৰাজী |- | ''Gagananchal'' | হিন্দী |- | ''Papeles de la India'' | স্পেনিছ |- | ''Rencontre Avec I' Inde'' | ফ্ৰেন্স |- | ''Thaqafat-ul-Hind'' | আৰবী |} == তথ্যসূত্ৰ == {{Reflist}} == বাহ্যিক সংযোগ == {{Commons category}} [[শ্ৰেণী:ভাৰতৰ সাংস্কৃতিক কেন্দ্ৰ]] rucoyilqcjgq592rlr081tr0c3spgnt 0 131255 605914 579277 2026-05-11T21:43:35Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 605914 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Laura Novoa (cropped).jpg|thumb|আৰ্জেণ্টিনাৰ অভিনেত্ৰী ল’ৰা নোভাই বক্ষবন্ধনী নোহোৱাকৈ টপ পিন্ধিছে]] মহিলাৰ অন্তৰ্বাসৰ অংশ হিচাপে বক্ষবন্ধনী নিপিন্ধা অৱস্থাক '''বক্ষবন্ধনীহীনতা''' বোলে। মহিলাসকলে অস্বস্তি, স্বাস্থ্য সম্পৰ্কীয় সমস্যা, তেওঁলোকৰ খৰচৰ বাবে বা সামাজিক আৰু সাংস্কৃতিক কাৰণত বক্ষবন্ধনী নিপিন্ধিবলৈ সিদ্ধান্ত ল’ব পাৰে। ২০০৬ চনলৈকে অষ্ট্ৰেলিয়াৰ প্ৰায় ১০% মহিলাই ব্ৰা পিন্ধা নাছিল।<ref>{{cite web |title=Why wear a bra? |url=http://www.antibra.com/why_wear_bras.php |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110513140505/http://www.antibra.com/why_wear_bras.php |archive-date=13 May 2011 |access-date=2 May 2010 |df=dmy-all |archivedate=13 May 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110513140505/http://www.antibra.com/why_wear_bras.php |deadurl=yes }}</ref> সমীক্ষাত দেখা গৈছে যে ৫–২৫% পশ্চিমীয়া মহিলাই ব্ৰা নিপিন্ধে।<ref name="independent15aug">{{Cite news |last=Walsh |first=John |date=15 August 2007 |title=Breast Supporting Act: A Century of the Bra |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/breast-supporting-act-a-century-of-the-bra-5334510.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305101134/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/breast-supporting-act-a-century-of-the-bra-5334510.html |archive-date=5 March 2016 |access-date=11 May 2010 |work=The Independent |location=London |df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Bra Cup Sizes—Getting Fitted with the Right Size |url=http://www.1stbras.com/Bra_Cup_Sizes.html |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100218132215/http://www.1stbras.com/Bra_Cup_Sizes.html |archive-date=18 February 2010 |access-date=11 May 2010 |publisher=1stbras.com |df=dmy-all |archivedate=18 February 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100218132215/http://www.1stbras.com/Bra_Cup_Sizes.html |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The Right Bra |url=http://www.liv.com/right_bra.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090328083521/http://www.liv.com/right_bra.php |archive-date=28 March 2009 |access-date=11 May 2010 |publisher=Liv.com |df=dmy-all}}</ref> ==নাৰীবাদত== পশ্চিমীয়া বিশ্বত ১৯৬০ চনৰপৰা কেইবাগৰাকীও মহিলাৰ মাজত বক্ষবন্ধনীহীন প্ৰৱণতা লাহে লাহে কিন্তু অবিৰতভাৱে দেখা গৈছে, বিশেষকৈ মিলেনিয়ামসকলৰ মাজত, যিসকলে ব্ৰা পিন্ধাৰ বিৰোধিতা প্ৰকাশ কৰিছে আৰু পিন্ধিবলৈ এৰি দিছে।<ref name="mallenbaum">{{cite web |last1=Mallenbaum |first1=Carly |date=19 July 2016 |title=Why Millennials are going braless |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/2016/07/19/braless-millenials-bralette/87111292/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180920084248/https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/2016/07/19/braless-millenials-bralette/87111292/ |archive-date=20 September 2018 |access-date=20 September 2018 |website=[[USA Today]] |language=en}}</ref> ২০১৬ চনত Allure আলোচনীৰ ফেশ্বন পৰিচালক ৰেচেল ৱাঙে লিখিছিল, "ব্ৰালেছ যোৱাটো নাৰীবাদৰ দৰেই পুৰণি, কিন্তু শেহতীয়াকৈ #freethenipple হেচটেগ অভিযানৰ দৰে থাৰ্ড ৱেভৰ মুহূৰ্ত, কেটলিন জেনাৰৰ ভেনিটি ফেয়াৰ কভাৰৰ দৰে ট্ৰেন্স-ভিজিবিলিটি বৃদ্ধিৰ প্ৰত্যক্ষ সঁহাৰি হিচাপে ... আৰু লেনা ডানহামৰ শ্ব' গাৰ্লছৰ প্ৰত্যক্ষ সঁহাৰি হিচাপে ই যেন উপৰিভাগলৈ বুদবুদ হৈ পৰিছে।"<ref name="mallenbaum" /> ১৯৬৮ চনৰ মিছ আমেৰিকা প্ৰতিযোগিতাত নাৰীবাদী প্ৰতিবাদক প্ৰায়ে বক্ষবন্ধনী বিৰোধী আন্দোলনৰ আৰম্ভণি হিচাপে গণ্য কৰা হয়, যাৰ ফলত নিৰ্মাতাসকলে নতুন ডিজাইনৰ বজাৰ কৰিবলৈ প্ৰেৰণা দিয়ে যিয়ে কোমল, অধিক স্বাভাৱিক ৰূপৰ সৃষ্টি কৰে।<ref name="sadaf">{{cite news |last1=Ahsan |first1=Sadaf |title=The only time we feel comfortable to go braless shouldn't have to be in our bedrooms |work=[[National Post]] |url=https://nationalpost.com/life/the-only-time-we-feel-comfortable-to-go-braless-shouldnt-have-to-be-in-our-bedrooms |access-date=9 June 2020 |language=en-CA |date=29 August 2016}}</ref> ==চৰ্তাৱলী== ব্ৰালেছ শব্দটো প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে ১৯৬৫ চনৰ আশে-পাশে ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হৈছিল।<ref>{{cite web |title=The definition of braless |url=https://www.dictionary.com/browse/braless |website=www.dictionary.com |access-date=18 February 2019 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190219015625/https://www.dictionary.com/browse/braless |archive-date=19 February 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> ব্ৰালেছ হোৱাৰ আন শব্দসমূহ হ'ল স্তন স্বাধীনতা, শীৰ্ষ স্বাধীনতা আৰু ব্ৰা স্বাধীনতা।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.feministezine.com/feminist/modern/History-ofthe-Bra.html|title=The History of the Bra – History & Info on Bras and Breasts|publisher=Feminist Zine|access-date=30 January 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110906043237/http://www.feministezine.com/feminist/modern/History-ofthe-Bra.html|archive-date=6 September 2011|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Morrissey |first=Tracie Egan |date=5 April 2012 |title=My Six Months as a Dirty, Boob-Swinging Derelict |url=https://jezebel.com/my-six-months-as-a-dirty-boob-swinging-derelict-5897192 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190827060608/https://jezebel.com/my-six-months-as-a-dirty-boob-swinging-derelict-5897192 |archive-date=27 August 2019 |access-date=4 February 2019 |website=Jezebel}}</ref><ref>Menon, Dilip. "An Ordinary Country". ''[[The Journal of Asian Studies]]''. 69.3 (2010): 687-690.</ref> ব্ৰালেছ হোৱাৰ পোষকতা কৰা কৰ্মীসকলে প্ৰতিবাদক "ব্ৰা-কট" বুলি উল্লেখ কৰিছে।<ref>{{cite web |last=Intern |first=Trevor Gray, Life+Arts |title=Teen removed from class for 'revealing' clothing |url=http://www.laloyolan.com/life_and_arts/whats_happening/teen-removed-from-class-for-revealing-clothing/article_27c246ef-4287-534f-b0e2-f09d293f12bb.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190203195333/http://www.laloyolan.com/life_and_arts/whats_happening/teen-removed-from-class-for-revealing-clothing/article_27c246ef-4287-534f-b0e2-f09d293f12bb.html |archive-date=3 February 2019 |access-date=29 January 2019 |website=Los Angeles Loyolan|date=18 April 2018 }}</ref> ==স্বাস্থ্য আৰু স্তনৰ আকৃতিৰ ওপৰত প্ৰভাৱ== ====টাইট ফিটিং ব্ৰা পিন্ধাৰ স্বাস্থ্যৰ ওপৰত প্ৰভাৱ==== অধ্যয়নত দেখা গৈছে যে অত্যধিক টান স্পৰ্টছ ব্ৰাবোৰে শ্বাস-প্ৰশ্বাসৰ কাৰ্যকলাপত বাধাৰ সৃষ্টি কৰিব পাৰে।<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Ocran |first1=Francisca Margarita |last2=Ji |first2=Xiaofen |last3=Zhai |first3=Lina |date=January 2022 |title=A study to evaluate pressure distribution of different sports bras |journal=Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics |language=en |volume=17 |doi=10.1177/15589250221118643 |issn=1558-9250 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Kipp |first1=Shalaya |last2=Leahy |first2=Michael G. |last3=Sheel |first3=A. William |date=2024-06-01 |title=Sports Bra Restriction on Respiratory Mechanics during Exercise |journal=Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise |volume=56 |issue=6 |pages=1168–1176 |doi=10.1249/MSS.0000000000003403 |issn=1530-0315 |pmid=38350462}}</ref> কাৰণ ভালদৰে ৰখাপ খাই পৰা বক্ষবন্ধনী বিচাৰি পোৱাটো কঠিন, বক্ষবন্ধনী পিন্ধা মহিলাসকলে কেতিয়াবা সংকুচিত হোৱা অনুভৱ কৰে। এটা অধ্যয়নত দেখা গৈছে যে ৭০% মহিলাই অতি সৰু বক্ষবন্ধনী পিন্ধে।<ref name="wood" /> চেখনে কয় যে বক্ষবন্ধনীয়ে পিঠি আৰু বুকুৰ পেশীলৈ তেজৰ সোঁতত বাধাৰ সৃষ্টি কৰিব পাৰে, যাৰ ফলত পিঠিৰ পেশীৰ বিষ হোৱাত অৰিহণা যোগায়। ডাঙৰ স্তন থকা মহিলাসকলে যিসকলে বক্ষবন্ধনী পিন্ধা বন্ধ কৰে তেওঁলোকে সৰু স্তন থকা মহিলাসকলতকৈ অধিক সোনকালে তেজৰ সোঁত উন্নত হোৱা অনুভৱ কৰিব পাৰে, কাৰণ ডাঙৰ স্তন সমৰ্থন কৰা ব্ৰা সৰু স্তন থকা মহিলাসকলে পিন্ধা ব্ৰাতকৈ টানকৈ খাপ খাই পৰাৰ প্ৰৱণতা থাকে।<ref name="lapidos" /><ref name="healthshots">{{cite web |title=Go braless without guilt! 7 great things that happen when you stop wearing a bra |url=https://www.healthshots.com/preventive-care/self-care/go-braless-without-guilt-7-great-things-that-happen-when-you-stop-wearing-a-bra/ |website=Healthshots |access-date=7 June 2020 |date=5 June 2020}}</ref><ref name="george">{{cite web |last1=George |first1=Kat |title=11 Benefits Of Going Braless |url=https://www.bustle.com/p/11-benefits-of-going-braless-7281003 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200329150433/https://www.bustle.com/p/11-benefits-of-going-braless-7281003 |archive-date=29 March 2020 |access-date=7 June 2020 |website=Bustle |language=en}}</ref> ====অৰ্থপেডিক প্ৰভাৱ==== ''ক্লিনিকেল ষ্টাডি অৱ পেইন''ত প্ৰকাশিত এক অধ্যয়ন অনুসৰি ডাঙৰ স্তনৰ মহিলাসকলে বক্ষবন্ধনীহীন হৈ কঁকালৰ বিষ হ্ৰাস কৰিব পাৰে, আৰু তেওঁলোকে মেমাপ্লাষ্টিৰদ্বাৰা হ্ৰাস কৰাৰ পৰিৱৰ্তে ব্ৰালেছ হোৱাটো পছন্দৰ চিকিৎসা হিচাপে বিবেচনা কৰিব পাৰে।<ref name="myint" /><ref name="johnson">{{cite book |last1=Johnson |first1=Ben |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fGHhCJE1eM0C&pg=PA34 |title=The Secret of Health: Breast Wisdom |last2=Barnes |first2=Kathleen |date=1 February 2008 |publisher=Morgan James Publishing |isbn=978-1-60037-326-8 |page=167 |access-date=1 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150512203924/http://books.google.com/books?id=fGHhCJE1eM0C&pg=PA34 |archive-date=12 May 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> ==আৰাম== সৰু স্তন থকা মহিলাসকলৰ তুলনাত ডাঙৰ স্তন থকা মহিলাসকলে আৰাম অনুভৱ কৰে।<ref name="lapidos" /><ref name="george" /> কোভিড-১৯ মহামাৰীৰ সময়ত ঘৰৰ পৰা কাম কৰি থাকোঁতে ব্ৰালেছ হৈ পৰা কিছুমান মহিলাই পুনৰ ব্ৰা পিন্ধিবলৈ নিবিচাৰে।<ref name="huffingtonpost.ca">{{cite web |date=27 March 2020 |title=The Many Reasons Not To Wear A Bra During Self-Isolation |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.ca/entry/benefits-of-not-wearing-bra_ca_5e7bca84c5b6cb9dc1999297 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200407093129/https://www.huffingtonpost.ca/entry/benefits-of-not-wearing-bra_ca_5e7bca84c5b6cb9dc1999297 |archive-date=7 April 2020 |access-date=7 June 2020 |website=HuffPost Canada |language=en}}</ref> ===ঘৰত বক্ষবন্ধনীহীনতা=== কৰ্মস্থলীৰ দিনটোৰ পৰা ঘৰলৈ উভতি অহাৰ পিছত বহু মহিলাই কয় যে তেওঁলোকে আগ্ৰহেৰে বাট চাই থকা এটা কাম হ'ল ঘৰ পোৱাৰ লগে লগে ব্ৰা খুলি পেলোৱা।<ref name="elite"/> এজন সম্পাদকে লিখিছে, "আপোনাৰ ব্ৰা খুলি লোৱাটো এটা অত্যন্ত মুক্তিদায়ক অনুভৱ, আৰু আমি মহিলাসকলে আগ্ৰহেৰে বাট চাই থাকোঁ—প্ৰতিদিনে, গোটেই দিনটো।"<ref name=elite/><ref>{{Cite web |title=Covid-19 coronavirus: Pros and cons of not wearing a bra for the lockdown | date=24 March 2020 |url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/lifestyle/news/article.cfm?c_id=6&objectid=12319748 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200418105654/https://www.nzherald.co.nz/lifestyle/news/article.cfm?c_id=6&objectid=12319748 |archive-date=18 April 2020 |access-date=26 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=10 November 2017 |title=Men will never know joy of taking off bra at the end of a long day |url=https://www.thedailymash.co.uk/news/society/men-will-never-know-joy-of-taking-off-bra-at-the-end-of-a-long-day-20171110138979 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180617140357/http://www.thedailymash.co.uk/news/society/men-will-never-know-joy-of-taking-off-bra-at-the-end-of-a-long-day-20171110138979 |archive-date=17 June 2018 |access-date=26 May 2020}}</ref><ref name="bazaar316">{{Cite web |date=8 April 2020 |title=But Will We Ever Wear Bras Again? |url=https://www.harpersbazaar.com/fashion/trends/a32070316/bra-free-quarantine/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200526144457/https://www.harpersbazaar.com/fashion/trends/a32070316/bra-free-quarantine/ |archive-date=26 May 2020 |access-date=25 May 2020}}</ref> ক'ভিড-১৯ মহামাৰীৰ সময়ত আৰু পৰৱৰ্তী সময়ত দূৰৱৰ্তী কামৰ প্ৰয়োজনীয়তাৰ সময়ত বহু মহিলাই ৰাজহুৱাভাৱে স্বীকাৰ কৰিছিল যে তেওঁ সকলো সময়তে ব্ৰা পিন্ধাটো এৰি পেলাইছিল।<ref name="refinery29">{{Cite web |title=The Nipple's Place In Fashion History |url=https://www.refinery29.com/en-us/2020/05/9816278/braless-fashion-visible-nipple |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200526080122/https://www.refinery29.com/en-us/2020/05/9816278/braless-fashion-visible-nipple |archive-date=26 May 2020 |access-date=30 May 2020 |website=Refinery29}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/2020/05/13/coronavirus-clothes-work-clothes-pajamas-braless-pantless-zoom/5181891002/ |title=Coronavirus fashion: Our quarantine wardrobes include more pajamas, fewer bras and pants |website=[[USA Today]] |access-date=2020-05-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200523202206/https://amp.usatoday.com/amp/5181891002 |archive-date=2020-05-23 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="lapidos">{{Cite web |date=19 July 2021 |title=Is It Bad to Not Wear a Bra? |url=https://health.clevelandclinic.org/going-braless |access-date=16 October 2024 |website=Cleveland Clinic}}</ref> মিয়ামিৰ ফেশ্বন ব্লগাৰ মাৰিয়া টেটামান্টিয়ে আনন্দৰে স্বীকাৰ কৰে যে ঘৰৰ পৰা কাম কৰি থাকোঁতে তেওঁ ব্ৰালেছ হৈ থাকে। "এই মহামাৰীৰ পৰা ওলোৱা একমাত্ৰ ইতিবাচক বৈশিষ্ট্যটো হ'ল আমি ঘৰৰ পৰা বক্ষবন্ধনীবিহীনভাৱে কাম কৰিব পাৰোঁ বুলি ধাৰণাটো – তাঁৰৰ পৰা মুক্ত, অত্যধিক স্নাগ, অত্যধিক পেডেড ব্ৰা।"<ref>{{cite news |last=Ogle |first=Connie |date=21 April 2020 |title='It's a happiness I've never known': Should you live the braless life in quarantine? |work=[[Miami Herald]] |url=https://www.miamiherald.com/miami-com/miami-com-news/article242137436.html}}</ref> ২০২০ চনৰ এপ্ৰিল মাহৰ ভিতৰত অনলাইন ব্ৰাৰ বিক্ৰী ১২% হ্ৰাস পাইছে। <ref name=bazaar316/> মহিলাসকলে ব্ৰা পিন্ধাৰ লগত প্ৰায়ে হোৱা স্বাভাৱিক অস্বস্তিৰ পৰা হাত সাৰিবলৈ পোৱা সুযোগক আদৰণি জনাইছিল।<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Manot |first1=Nikita |date=20 March 2020 |title=Women Going Braless Tweet Of Sweet Freedom Amid COVID-19 Self-Quarantine |newspaper=Storypick |url=https://www.storypick.com/no-bra-during-quarantine/ |url-status=live |access-date=25 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200321102532/https://www.storypick.com/no-bra-during-quarantine/ |archive-date=21 March 2020}}</ref> এটা কাপোৰ নিৰ্মাতা কোম্পানীয়ে ১০০০ মহিলাৰ সমীক্ষাত ৩৫% মহিলা ঘৰত কাম কৰাৰ সময়ত ব্ৰালেছ হোৱা দেখা গৈছে। তেওঁলোকে লগতে ৰিপ'ৰ্ট কৰিছে যে টুইটাৰত ''#nobranoproblem'' আৰু ''#bralessandflawless''ৰ দৰে হেচটেগ সাধাৰণ।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tommyjohn.com/blogs/news/work-from-home-braless|title=35% of Women Work from Home Braless: Where Do You Stand?|website=Tommy John|date=24 April 2020 }}</ref> ===ফেশ্বনৰ ওপৰত আৰাম=== ২০০৯ চনত প্লেটেক্সৰ কমিচনত কৰা হেৰিছ প’লত ১০০০ৰো অধিক মহিলাক ব্ৰাত কি ভাল লাগে বুলি সোধা হৈছিল। উত্তৰদাতাসকলৰ ভিতৰত ৬৭ শতাংশই কয় যে তেওঁলোকে ব্ৰালেছলৈ যোৱাতকৈ ব্ৰা পিন্ধাটো পছন্দ কৰে, আনহাতে ৮৫ শতাংশই “আকৃতি বৃদ্ধি কৰা ব্ৰা পিন্ধিব বিচাৰে যিটো একেবাৰে একোৱেই নাই যেন লাগে”। আণ্ডাৰৱায়াৰ ব্ৰাৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত তেওঁলোকৰ মাজত বিভাজন হৈছিল: ৪৯ শতাংশই কয় যে তেওঁলোকে আণ্ডাৰৱায়াৰ ব্ৰা পছন্দ কৰে, যিসকলে বেতাঁৰ ব্ৰা পছন্দ কৰে বুলি কোৱাৰ শতকৰা হাৰ।<ref>{{cite book |last1=Luciani |first1=Jené. |title=The bra book : the fashion formula to finding the perfect bra |date=2009 |publisher=Benbella Books, Inc |location=Dallas, TX |isbn=978-1-933771-94-6 |page=224}}</ref> এপাৰেল কোম্পানী ৰুবী ৰিবনে ২০১৪ চনত ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় ''নো ব্ৰা ডে''ৰ পূৰ্বে ৩ হাজাৰ মহিলাৰ স্তন আৰু ব্ৰাৰ প্ৰতি তেওঁলোকৰ মনোভাৱৰ বিষয়ে সমীক্ষা কৰিছিল। উত্তৰদাতাসকলৰ ভিতৰত ৯২ শতাংশই কয় যে তেওঁলোকে কেৱল সমৰ্থন আৰু আৰাম বিচাৰে আৰু যৌন আবেদন বা ফেশ্বনেবল ৰং আৰু ডিজাইনৰ প্ৰতি কম আগ্ৰহী। ২১ শতাংশই তেওঁলোকৰ ব্ৰাক "এজন শত্ৰু—মই ইচ্ছা কৰিছিলো যে মই তাইক কেতিয়াও লগ পোৱা নাছিলো", আৰু প্ৰায় আধাই (৪৬%) উত্তৰ দিছিল, "এজন ব্যৱসায়িক অংশীদাৰ—মই তাইক সহ্য কৰিলোঁ"। যেতিয়া তেওঁলোকৰ ব্ৰাক এটা শব্দত বৰ্ণনা কৰিবলৈ কোৱা হৈছিল, তেতিয়া আটাইতকৈ জনপ্ৰিয় শব্দটো আছিল "অস্বস্তিকৰ"।<ref name="prnews">{{Cite press release |url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/ruby-ribbon-asks-3-000-women-whats-your-brama-300729067.html |title=Ruby Ribbon Asks 3,000 Women "What's Your BRAma?" |first=Ruby |last=Ribbon |website=www.PRNewswire.com |access-date=19 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327184314/https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/ruby-ribbon-asks-3-000-women-whats-your-brama-300729067.html |archive-date=27 March 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="elite">{{Cite web |last=Guerra |first=Julia |title=Half Of Women Do This One Thing As Soon As They Get Home & You Can Def Relate |url=https://www.elitedaily.com/p/taking-your-bra-off-after-a-long-day-is-a-mood-science-says-half-of-women-can-relate-12708435 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327184012/https://www.elitedaily.com/p/taking-your-bra-off-after-a-long-day-is-a-mood-science-says-half-of-women-can-relate-12708435 |archive-date=27 March 2019 |access-date=19 March 2019 |website=Elite Daily|date=22 October 2018 }}</ref> ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== [[শ্ৰেণী:মহিলাৰ সমস্যা]] [[শ্ৰেণী:নাৰীবাদ]] 39onxcyphfqbmrzr3a6udafjlrp79p8 0 131764 605828 579068 2026-05-11T12:03:13Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 605828 wikitext text/x-wiki '''নাৰীবাদৰ ইতিহাস'''ত নাৰীৰ সম অধিকাৰৰ লক্ষ্যৰে আন্দোলন আৰু মতাদৰ্শৰ আখ্যান (কালক্ৰমিক বা বিষয়ভিত্তিক) অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত কৰা হৈছে। সমগ্ৰ বিশ্বৰ নাৰীবাদীসকলে সময়ৰ ওপৰত নিৰ্ভৰ কৰি ইয়াৰ কাৰণ, লক্ষ্য আৰু উদ্দেশ্যৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত পাৰ্থক্য দেখা গৈছে যদিও সংস্কৃতি আৰু দেশভেদে- বেছিভাগ পশ্চিমীয়া নাৰীবাদী ইতিহাসবিদে দৃঢ়তাৰে কয় যে- নাৰীৰ অধিকাৰ লাভৰ বাবে কাম কৰা সকলো আন্দোলনক নাৰীবাদী আন্দোলন বুলি গণ্য কৰা উচিত, আনকি যেতিয়া তেওঁলোকে এই শব্দটো নিজৰ বাবে প্ৰয়োগ কৰা নাছিল (বা নকৰে) তেতিয়াও।<ref name="Walters2005">{{cite book|last=Walters|first=Margaret|title=Feminism: A Very Short Introduction |url=https://archive.org/details/feminismveryshor00walt|url-access=registration|access-date=May 1, 2013|date=October 27, 2005|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|isbn=978-0-19-157803-8}}</ref><ref name="Kinnaird">{{Cite book|last=Kinnaird|first=Joan|editor-last=Spender|editor-first=Dale|editor-link=Dale Spender|title=Feminist Theorists: Three Centuries of Key Women Thinkers|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b1hR8YB02CAC|access-date=May 1, 2013|year=1983|publisher=Pantheon Books|isbn=978-0-394-53438-1|page=[https://archive.org/details/feministtheorist00spen/page/29 29]|chapter=Mary Astell: Inspired by Ideas (1668–1731)|url=https://archive.org/details/feministtheorist00spen/page/29}}</ref><ref name="Witt">{{Cite encyclopedia| author=Witt, Charlotte| title=Feminist History of Philosophy|encyclopedia=[[Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy|The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy]]|year=2012|editor-last=Zalta|editor-first=Edward N|editor-link=Edward N. Zalta|edition=Fall 2012| url=http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2012/entries/feminism-femhist/ |access-date=May 1, 2013}}</ref><ref name="Allen01101999">{{Cite journal| author=Allen, Ann Taylor| title=Feminism, Social Science, and the Meanings of Modernity: The Debate on the Origin of the Family in Europe and the United States, 1860–1914| journal=The American Historical Review| year=1999| volume=104| number=4| pages=1085–1113| doi=10.1086/ahr/104.4.1085| pmid=19291893}}</ref><ref name="Woolf1989">{{Cite book|last=Woolf|first=Virginia|author-link=Virginia Woolf|title=A Room of One's Own |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yoFz9Cn7fgkC|access-date=May 1, 2013|date=December 27, 1989|publisher=[[Houghton Mifflin Harcourt]]|isbn=978-0-547-54440-3}}</ref> আন কিছুমান ইতিহাসবিদে "নাৰীবাদী" শব্দটো আধুনিক নাৰীবাদী আন্দোলন আৰু ইয়াৰ বংশধৰসকলৰ মাজত সীমাবদ্ধ কৰি ৰাখিছে আৰু পূৰ্বৰ আন্দোলনসমূহ বৰ্ণনা কৰিবলৈ "আদি নাৰীবাদী" বুলি অভিহিত কৰিব খোজে।<ref name="Botting">{{Cite journal| last1=Botting |first1=Eileen Hunt |last2=Houser| first2=Sarah L.| title='Drawing the Line of Equality': Hannah Mather Crocker on Women's Rights| journal=[[American Political Science Review|The American Political Science Review]]| year=2006| volume=100| number=2| pages=265–278| issn=0003-0554| jstor=27644349| doi=10.1017/s0003055406062150|s2cid=144730126 }}</ref> আধুনিক পশ্চিমীয়া নাৰীবাদী ইতিহাসক গতানুগতিকভাৱে সময়কাল বা "ঢৌ"ত বিভক্ত কৰা হয়, প্ৰত্যেকৰে পূৰ্বৰ অগ্ৰগতিৰ ভিত্তিত সামান্য বেলেগ লক্ষ্য থাকে:<ref name="Humm">{{citation | last = Humm | first = Maggie | contribution = wave (definition) | editor-last = Humm | editor-first = Maggie | title = The dictionary of feminist theory | page = 251 | publisher = Ohio State University Press | location = Columbus | year = 1990 | isbn = 9780814205075 | postscript = .}}</ref><ref name="Walker1992">{{cite magazine | last1 = Rebecca | first1 = Walker | author-link1 = Rebecca Walker | title = Becoming the Third Wave|magazine= [[Ms. (magazine)|Ms.]] | pages = 39–41 | location = New York | publisher = Liberty Media for Women | issn = 0047-8318 | oclc = 194419734 |date= January 1992}}</ref> #১৯ শতিকাৰ আৰু ২০ শতিকাৰ আৰম্ভণিৰ [[প্ৰথম ঢৌৰ নাৰীবাদ|প্ৰথম ঢৌৰ নাৰীবাদে]] আইনী বৈষম্যক ওফৰাই পেলোৱাত গুৰুত্ব আৰোপ কৰিছিল, বিশেষকৈ মহিলাৰ ভোটাধিকাৰৰ বিষয়সমূহৰ ওপৰত গুৰুত্ব আৰোপ কৰিছিল। # [[দ্বিতীয় ঢৌৰ নাৰীবাদ|দ্বিতীয় ঢৌৰ নাৰীবাদে]] (১৯৬০–১৯৮০ দশক) বিতৰ্কক বহল কৰি সাংস্কৃতিক বৈষম্য, লিংগ নীতি আৰু সমাজত নাৰীৰ ভূমিকাক সামৰি লৈছিল। #[[তৃতীয় ঢৌৰ নাৰীবাদ|তৃতীয় ঢৌৰ নাৰীবাদে]](১৯৯০–২০০০) নাৰীবাদী কাৰ্যকলাপৰ বিভিন্ন প্ৰজাতিক বুজায়, তৃতীয় ঢৌৱে নিজেই দ্বিতীয় ঢৌৰ ধাৰাবাহিকতা হিচাপে আৰু ইয়াৰ অনুভূত বিফলতাৰ প্ৰতিক্ৰিয়া হিচাপে দুয়োটাকে দেখে।[9] #[[চতুৰ্থ ঢৌৰ নাৰীবাদ|চতুৰ্থ ঢৌৰ নাৰীবাদে]] (২০১০ চনৰ আৰম্ভণি–বৰ্তমান) তৃতীয় ঢৌৰ আন্তঃবিভাজনীয়তাৰ ওপৰত গুৰুত্ব আৰোপ কৰে, শৰীৰৰ ধনাত্মকতা, ট্ৰেন্স-ইনক্লুচিভিটি আৰু ছ’চিয়েল মিডিয়া যুগত ধৰ্ষণ সংস্কৃতিৰ বিষয়ে মুকলি বক্তৃতাৰ ওপৰত গুৰুত্ব আৰোপ কৰে। যদিও নাৰীবাদৰ ইতিহাস বৰ্ণনা কৰিবলৈ "ঢৌ" শব্দটো সাধাৰণতে ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হৈছে, এই ধাৰণাটোক অশ্বেত নাৰীবাদীসকলেও সমালোচনা কৰিছে যে, তেওঁলোকে "ঢৌ"ৰ মাজৰ ইতিহাসক আওকাণ কৰি মচি পেলাইছে আৰু কেৱল কেইজনমান বিখ্যাত ব্যক্তিৰ ওপৰত, এগৰাকী শ্বেতাংগ বুৰ্জোৱা মহিলাৰ দৃষ্টিভংগী আৰু জনপ্ৰিয় পৰিঘটনাৰ ওপৰত গুৰুত্ব দিবলৈ বৰ্ণবাদী আৰু ঔপনিৱেশিক হোৱাৰ বাবে গুৰুত্ব দিছে।<ref name='Feminism in "Waves": Useful or Not?'> {{cite book |last1= Nicholson|first1= Linda |editor1-last= McCann|editor1-first= Carole |editor2-last= Seung-Kyung|editor2-first= Kim |title= Feminism in "Waves": Useful Metaphor or Not? |date= 2010|publisher= Routledge |location= New York|pages= 49–55 |edition= 3rd }} </ref><ref name=":8">{{Cite web|url=https://kaosenlared.net/de-las-huelgas-de-mujeres-a-un-nuevo-movimiento-de-clase-la-tercera-ola-feminista/,%20https://kaosenlared.net/de-las-huelgas-de-mujeres-a-un-nuevo-movimiento-de-clase-la-tercera-ola-feminista/|title=De las huelgas de mujeres a un nuevo movimiento de clase: la tercera ola feminista|language=es|access-date=2019-05-07}}</ref><ref name=":29">{{Cite web|url=https://liberoamerica.com/2018/01/31/arde-feministlan-una-entrevista-a-dahlia-de-la-cerda/|title=Arde Feministlán: Una entrevista a Dahlia de la Cerda|last=García|first=Esther M.|date=2018-01-31|website=Liberoamérica|language=es-ES|access-date=2019-05-07|archive-date=May 7, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190507171955/https://liberoamerica.com/2018/01/31/arde-feministlan-una-entrevista-a-dahlia-de-la-cerda/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=":302">{{Cite web|url=http://desacato.info/das-greves-de-mulheres-para-um-novo-movimento-de-classe-a-terceira-onda-feminista/|title=Das Greves de Mulheres para um Novo Movimento de Classe: A Terceira Onda Feminista|last=Mc|first=H.|date=2019-02-04|website=Desacato|language=pt-BR|access-date=2019-05-07}}</ref><ref name=":10">{{Cite web|url=https://www.grazia.es/lifestyle/sobre-el-feminismo-corrientes/|title=Sobre el feminismo y sus corrientes|date=2017-01-11|website=Grazia|language=es-ES|access-date=2019-05-07|archivedate=2017-01-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170113093822/https://www.grazia.es/lifestyle/sobre-el-feminismo-corrientes/|deadurl=yes}}</ref> ==আদি নাৰীবাদ== নাৰীবাদী আন্দোলনৰ অস্তিত্বৰ পূৰ্বে নাৰীৰ সমতাৰ বিষয়ে আলোচনা কৰা বা আগুৱাই নিয়া মানুহ আৰু কৰ্মীসকলক কেতিয়াবা আদি নাৰীবাদী বুলিও অভিহিত কৰা হয়।<ref name="Botting"/> কিছুমান পণ্ডিতে এই শব্দটোক সমালোচনা কৰে কাৰণ তেওঁলোকৰ মতে ইয়াৰদ্বাৰা পূৰ্বৰ অৱদানৰ গুৰুত্ব হ্ৰাস পায় বা নাৰীবাদৰ আৰম্ভণি বা ৰৈখিক ইতিহাস নাই যিটো [[প্ৰ’ট’ফেমিনিষ্ট]] বা উত্তৰ নাৰীবাদী আদি শব্দই বুজায়।<ref name="Allen01101999"/><ref name="cott name">Cott, Nancy F. "What's In a Name? The Limits of 'Social Feminism'; or, Expanding the Vocabulary of Women's History". ''Journal of American History'' 76 (December 1989): 809–829</ref><ref name="ferguson">{{Cite journal|doi=10.1215/00267929-65-1-7|journal=Modern Language Quarterly|title=Feminism in Time|first=Margaret|last=Ferguson|volume=65|issue=1|date=March 2004|pages=7–8|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Urbanski">{{Cite book|last=Urbanski|first=Marie Mitchell Olesen|editor-last=Spender|editor-first=Dale|editor-link=Dale Spender|title=Feminist Theorists: Three Centuries of Key Women Thinkers|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b1hR8YB02CAC|access-date=May 1, 2013|year=1983|publisher=Pantheon Books|isbn=978-0-394-53438-1|pages=[https://archive.org/details/feministtheorist00spen/page/75 75–89]|chapter=Margaret Fuller: Feminist Writer and Revolutionary (1810–1850)|url=https://archive.org/details/feministtheorist00spen/page/75}}</ref> প্ৰায় ২৪ শতিকাৰ আগতে<ref>''The Columbia Encyclopedia'' (Columbia Univ. Press, 5th ed. 1993({{ISBN|0-395-62438-X}})), entry ''Plato''.</ref> প্লেটোৱে ইলেইন হফমেন বাৰুচৰ মতে, "মহিলাসকলৰ সম্পূৰ্ণ ৰাজনৈতিক আৰু যৌন সমতাৰ বাবে [তৰ্ক কৰিছিল], তেওঁলোকক তেওঁৰ উচ্চতম শ্ৰেণীৰ সদস্য হোৱাৰ পোষকতা কৰিছিল, ... যিসকলে শাসন কৰে আৰু যুঁজ দিয়ে।"<ref>Baruch, Elaine Hoffman, ''Women in Men's Utopias'', in Rohrlich, Ruby, & Elaine Hoffman Baruch, eds., ''Women in Search of Utopia'', ''op. cit.'', p. [209] and see p. 211 (Plato supporting "child care" so women could be soldiers), citing, at p. [209] n. 1, Plato, trans. Francis MacDonald Cornford, ''[[The Republic (Plato)|The Republic]]'' (N.Y.: Oxford Univ. Press, 1973), Book V.</ref> [[আন্দাল]] নামৰ এগৰাকী মহিলা তামিল সন্তই প্ৰায় ৭ম বা ৮ম শতিকাৰ জীৱনকালত বাস কৰিছিল।<ref>{{Cite book|title=Krishna: a sourcebook|date=2007|publisher=Oxford University Press|editor=Bryant, Edwin F. |isbn=978-0-19-972431-4|location=Oxford|oclc=181731713}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Cite book|title=Women in the Hindu Tradition: Rules, roles and exceptions|last=Bose|first=Mandakranta|publisher=Routledge|year=2010|location=London & New York|pages=112–119}}</ref> তেওঁ [[তিৰুপভাই]] লিখাৰ বাবে তেওঁ জনাজাত।<ref name=":2">Women's Lives, Women's Rituals in the Hindu Tradition;page 186</ref> আন্দালে গোড়ামণ্ডলীৰ দৰে মহিলা গোটক অনুপ্ৰাণিত কৰিছে।<ref name=":2">Women's Lives, Women's Rituals in the Hindu Tradition;page 186</ref> বিষ্ণুৰ সৈতে তেওঁৰ ঐশ্বৰিক বিবাহক কিছুমানে নাৰীবাদী কাৰ্য হিচাপে লয়, কিয়নো ইয়াৰ ফলত তেওঁ পত্নী হোৱাৰ নিয়মীয়া কৰ্তব্য পৰিহাৰ কৰি স্বায়ত্তশাসন লাভ কৰিবলৈ সক্ষম হৈছিল।<ref name=":02">{{Cite book|title=Feminism and world religions|last1=Sharma|first1=Arvind|last2=Young|first2=Katherine K.|publisher=SUNY Press|year=1999|pages=41–43}}</ref> দ্বাদশ শতিকাত ৱাল্ডেন্সিয়ান খ্ৰীষ্টান সম্প্ৰদায়ে কিছুমান নাৰীবাদী ধাৰণা সমৰ্থন কৰিছিল।<ref name="Moses 1984 p. 7">{{cite book | last=Moses | first=C.G. | title=French Feminism in the 19th Century: French Diplomacy in the Age of Revolution, 1719-1787 | publisher=State University of New York Press | year=1984 | isbn=978-1-4384-1374-7 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O7xOHLaJBcYC&pg=PA7 | access-date=2023-03-31 | page=7}}</ref> ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== [[শ্ৰেণী:নাৰীবাদ]] gu92dx79m0s30mp4m8nkcd49g52ze4g 0 132529 605869 599400 2026-05-11T15:19:40Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 605869 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = পাইপাৰ পেৰাবো | image = Piper Perabo at 2025 Toronto International Film Festival 4.jpg | caption = ২০২৫ চনৰ টৰণ্টো আন্তৰ্জাতিক চলচ্চিত্ৰ উৎসৱত পেৰাবো | birth_name = পাইপাৰ লিছা পেৰাবো | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1976|10|31}} | birth_place = ডেলাছ, টেক্সাছ, [[যুক্তৰাষ্ট্ৰ]] | occupation = অভিনেত্ৰী | yearsactive = ১৯৯৭–বৰ্তমান | spouse = ষ্টিফেন কে (বিবাহ ২০১৪) | relatives = লিলি কে (সৎকন্যা) | alma_mater = অহাইঅ’ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় (বি এফ এ) }} '''পাইপাৰ লিছা পেৰাবো''' (জন্ম ৩১ অক্টোবৰ, ১৯৭৬) এগৰাকী আমেৰিকান অভিনেত্ৰী। তেওঁ ২০০০ চনৰ হাস্য-নাট্যধৰ্মী চলচ্চিত্ৰ ‘‘কয়োটে আগলি’’ত অভিনয় কৰি বিশেষ খ্যাতি লাভ কৰে। তাৰ পিছত তেওঁ ‘‘লষ্ট এণ্ড ডেলিৰিয়াছ’’ (২০০১), ‘‘চিপাৰ বাই দ্য ডজন’’ (২০০৩), তাৰ ছিকুৱেল ‘‘চিপাৰ বাই দ্য ডজন ২’’ (২০০৫), ‘‘দ্য প্ৰেষ্টিজ’’ (২০০৬), ‘‘লুপাৰ’’ (২০১২) আৰু ‘‘এঞ্জেল হেজ ফেলেন’’ (২০১৯) আদি চলচ্চিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰে। টেলিভিছনত তেওঁ গুপ্তচৰ-নাট্যধৰ্মী ধাৰাবাহিক ‘‘ক’ভাৰ্ট এফেয়াৰ্ছ’’ (২০১০–২০১৪)ত চিআইএ এজেণ্ট এনি ৱাকাৰৰ ভূমিকাত অভিনয় কৰে। এই ভূমিকাৰ বাবে তেওঁ শ্ৰেষ্ঠ অভিনেত্ৰী – টেলিভিছন ধাৰাবাহিক (নাট্য) শিতানত গোল্ডেন গ্ল’ব বঁটাৰ বাবে মনোনীত হৈছিল। ইয়াৰ উপৰি তেওঁ ‘‘য়েলোষ্টোন’’ (২০২১–২০২৪), ‘‘বিলিয়নছ’’ (২০২১–২০২৩) আৰু ‘‘বাটাৰফ্লাই’’ (২০২৫) ধাৰাবাহিকতো অভিনয় কৰিছে। == প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন == ডেলাছ, টেক্সাছত জন্মগ্ৰহণ কৰি আৰু টমছ ৰিভাৰ, নিউ জাৰ্ছিত ডাঙৰ হোৱা পেৰাবো মেৰি শাৰ্লট (নী উলাণ্ড), এগৰাকী ফিজিকেল থেৰাপিষ্ট, আৰু জৰ্জ উইলিয়াম পেৰাবো, অ’চেন কাউণ্টি কলেজৰ কবিতাৰ প্ৰভাষকৰ সন্তান।<ref>Sullivan, Eleanor (July 2, 2000). "'Rocky' road to stardom". The Central New Jersey Home News. p.&nbsp; D6. Retrieved August 9, 2024.</ref><ref name="sfgate"/> তেওঁ [[বৃটিছ|ইংৰাজ]], [[জাৰ্মান]] আৰু আইৰিছ (পিতৃৰফালৰপৰা) আৰু নৰৱেজীয়ান (মাতৃৰফালৰপৰা) বংশোদ্ভূত; তেওঁৰ উপাধিটো কেতিয়াবা ভুলকৈ [[পৰ্তুগীজ]] বুলি বৰ্ণনা কৰা হয়।<ref>{{cite web|title=Piper Perabo interview with Craig Ferguson|url=http://videos.piperperabofan.com/videos/1/the-late-late-night-show-with-craig-ferguson|access-date=April 24, 2011|archive-date=March 13, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120313225405/http://videos.piperperabofan.com/videos/1/the-late-late-night-show-with-craig-ferguson|url-status=usurped|archivedate=March 13, 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120313225405/http://videos.piperperabofan.com/videos/1/the-late-late-night-show-with-craig-ferguson|deadurl=yes}}</ref> পেৰাবোৰ অভিভাৱকসকলে তেওঁৰ নাম অভিনেত্ৰী পাইপাৰ ল’ৰীৰ নাম অনুসৰি ৰাখিছিল।<ref name="sfgate">{{cite news| url=http://www.sfgate.com/entertainment/article/Putting-the-right-accent-on-a-career-Coyote-2799962.php | work=The San Francisco Chronicle | title=Putting the right accent on a career / "Coyote Ugly's' Piper Perabo switches genres with "Slap Her ... She's French' | first=Jonathan | last=Curiel | date=September 8, 2002}}</ref> তেওঁ তিনিজন সন্তানৰ ভিতৰত ডাঙৰ, আৰু তেওঁৰ দুজন ভাতৃ আছে—নোয়া আৰু এডাম। তেওঁ ১৯৯৪ চনত টমছ ৰিভাৰ হাই স্কুল নৰ্থৰপৰা স্নাতক হয়,<ref>O'Sullivan, Eleanor. "COYOTE BEAUTIFUL Toms River's Piper Perabo finds herself in `Lost and Delirous'". Asbury Park Press, July 8, 2001.</ref> আৰু ১৯৯৮ চনত অহাইঅ’ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ অনাৰ্ছ টিউটোৰিয়েল কলেজৰপৰা নাট্যশাস্ত্ৰত স্নাতক ডিগ্ৰী লাভ কৰে।<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ohio.edu/outlook/2009-10/january/piper-perabo-247.cfm |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120805085540/http://www.ohio.edu/outlook/2009-10/january/piper-perabo-247.cfm |url-status=dead |archive-date=August 5, 2012 |title=Hollywood actress returns to OHIO for guest lecture |date=January 11, 2010 |publisher=Outlook |access-date=April 13, 2012 |archivedate=August 5, 2012 |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120805085540/http://www.ohio.edu/outlook/2009-10/january/piper-perabo-247.cfm |deadurl=yes }}</ref> ১৯৯৬ চনত তেওঁ ট্ৰিনিটি/লা ম’মা পাৰফৰ্মিং আৰ্টছ প্ৰগ্ৰামত অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰিছিল।<ref>Andersson, Chris. Trinity/La MaMa Archives: 1994 - 2004. Trinity College.</ref> শেষ বৰ্ষত তেওঁ লেটিন, পদাৰ্থবিজ্ঞান আৰু কবিতাও অধ্যয়ন কৰিছিল।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ohio.edu/compass/stories/10-11/12/piper-perabo-golden-globes-2010.cfm |title=Alumna Piper Perabo nominated for Golden Globe |work=Ohio.edu |date=December 20, 2010 |access-date=April 6, 2013}}</ref> কলেজৰপৰা স্নাতক হোৱাৰ এ’বছৰ আগতেই পেৰাবোক প্ৰথমে লক্ষ্য কৰা হৈছিল। সেই সময়ত তেওঁ নিউয়ৰ্ক চহৰত তেতিয়াৰ প্ৰেমিকজনক লগ পাবলৈ গৈছিল আৰু তেওঁৰ সৈতে এটা অডিশ্যনত উপস্থিত হৈছিল। কাষ্টিং নিৰ্দেশক ডেনিছ ফিট্জজেৰাল্ডে তেওঁক লক্ষ্য কৰি এটা ভূমিকাৰ বাবে পঢ়িবলৈ কৈছিল। তেওঁ সেই ভূমিকাটো লাভ নকৰিলেও, ফিট্জজেৰাল্ডে জানিব পাৰিলে যে পেৰাবোৰ কোনো প্ৰতিনিধি নাছিল; সেয়েহে তেওঁ পেৰাবোৰ হৈ ফোনযোগে যোগাযোগ কৰি এজন এজেণ্টৰ ব্যৱস্থা কৰি দিয়ে।<ref name="broadway"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/04/04/piper-perabo-covert-affairs-women-in-hollywood_n_3014977.html |title=Piper Perabo, 'Covert Affairs' Star, On The Biggest Misconception About Women In Hollywood |work=The Huffington Post |date=April 4, 2013 |access-date=April 6, 2013}}</ref> == কেৰিয়াৰ == === ১৯৯৭–২০০৭: আৰম্ভণি আৰু উল্লেখযোগ্য সফলতা === স্নাতক হোৱাৰ পিছত পেৰাবো [[নিউয়ৰ্ক]]লৈ গুচি যায়, য’ত তেওঁ এগৰাকী ৱেইট্ৰেছ হিচাপে কাম কৰিছিল।<ref>{{cite web |url=http://piper-perabo.com/press/2010/11/gq-july-2000/ |title=Piper Pours a Pint |publisher=GQ |date=July 2000 |access-date=April 6, 2013 |author=Elizabeth Gilbert |archive-date=September 27, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927204830/http://piper-perabo.com/press/2010/11/gq-july-2000/ |url-status=usurped |archivedate=September 27, 2013 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927204830/http://piper-perabo.com/press/2010/11/gq-july-2000/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref name="blastmag">{{cite web|url=http://blastmagazine.com/the-magazine/entertainment/movies/the-blast-interview-piper-perabo/ |title=The Blast Interview: Piper Perabo |publisher=Blast Magazine |date=March 1, 2010 |access-date=April 6, 2013 |author=Melissa Kory}}</ref> তেওঁ লা ম’মা এক্সপেৰিমেণ্টেল থিয়েটাৰ ক্লাবত অভিনয় শিক্ষা গ্ৰহণ কৰিছিল আৰু বিভিন্ন নাটকত অভিনয় কৰিছিল।<ref name="broadway">{{cite web|url=http://www.broadway.com/buzz/6640/piper-perabo/ |title=Piper Perabo |publisher=Broadway.com |date=June 19, 2008 |access-date=April 6, 2013}}</ref> চহৰখনলৈ অহাৰ মাত্ৰ এটা মাহ পিছতে তেওঁ নিজৰ প্ৰথম পূৰ্ণদৈৰ্ঘ্য চলচ্চিত্ৰ মাৰ্ক লেভিনৰ কৌতুকধৰ্মী চলচ্চিত্ৰ ‘হোৱাইটবয়জ’ত অভিনয়ৰ সুযোগ লাভ কৰে।<ref name="blastmag"/> ২০০০ চনত তেওঁ ৰোমাণ্টিক সংগীতধৰ্মী কৌতুক-নাট্য চলচ্চিত্ৰ ‘কয়োট আগলি’ত ভায়’লেট “জাৰ্ছি” স্যানফৰ্ডৰ ভূমিকাত অভিনয় কৰে। এই চলচ্চিত্ৰত “ৱান ৱে অ’ৰ এনাদাৰ” গীতৰ দৃশ্যৰ বাবে তেওঁ শ্ৰেষ্ঠ সংগীত মুহূৰ্ত শ্ৰেণীত এমটিভি মুভি এৱাৰ্ড লাভ কৰে।<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mtv.com/ontv/movieawards/2001/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080423094859/http://www.mtv.com/ontv/movieawards/2001/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=April 23, 2008 |title=MTV Movie Awards |work=Mtv |date=June 2, 2001 |access-date=April 30, 2012 |archivedate=August 9, 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100809195453/http://www.mtv.com/ontv/movieawards/2001/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.digitalspy.com/movies/a661541/where-are-the-cast-of-coyote-ugly-now-heres-what-happened-to-piper-perabo-leann-rimes-and-the-coyotes/|title=Where are the cast of Coyote Ugly now?|last1=Reynolds|first1=Simon|last2=Fletcher|first2=Rosie|date=August 26, 2018|website=Digital Spy|language=en-GB|access-date=October 20, 2019}}</ref> সমালোচকৰ মিশ্ৰ প্ৰতিক্ৰিয়া সত্ত্বেও চলচ্চিত্ৰখন বাণিজ্যিকভাৱে সফল হৈছিল আৰু বিশ্বজুৰি ১১৩ মিলিয়ন ডলাৰৰ অধিক উপাৰ্জন কৰিছিল।<ref name=":0" /> তেওঁ ‘দ্য এডভেঞ্চাৰ্ছ অৱ ৰকি এণ্ড বুলউইঙ্কল’ চলচ্চিত্ৰত এফবিআই এজেণ্ট কেৰেন ছিম্প্যাথীৰ ভূমিকাতো অভিনয় কৰিছিল।<ref>{{Cite web |title=SCREEN IT! PARENTAL REVIEW: THE ADVENTURES OF ROCKY AND BULLWINKLE |url=https://www.screenit.com/movies/2000/the_adventures_of_rocky_and_bullwinkle.html |access-date=2023-02-25 |website=www.screenit.com |archivedate=2023-02-25 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230225215357/https://www.screenit.com/movies/2000/the_adventures_of_rocky_and_bullwinkle.html |deadurl=yes }}</ref> ‘কয়োট আগলি’ৰ সফলতাৰ পিছত পেৰাবোৱে স্বতন্ত্ৰ চলচ্চিত্ৰত মনোনিৱেশ কৰাৰ সিদ্ধান্ত লয়।<ref name="slapher">{{cite web |url=http://www.darkhorizons.com/features/892 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130621025415/http://www.darkhorizons.com/features/892 |url-status=dead |archive-date=June 21, 2013 |title=Exclusive Interview: Piper Perabo for "Slap Her, She's French" |publisher=DarkHorizons.com |date=August 29, 2001 |access-date=April 6, 2013 }}</ref> ২০০১ চনত তেওঁ কানাডীয় স্বতন্ত্ৰ নাট্য চলচ্চিত্ৰ ‘লষ্ট এণ্ড ডিলিৰিয়াছ’ত অভিনয় কৰে, য’ত তেওঁ এগৰাকী বোৰ্ডিং স্কুলৰ ছাত্ৰীৰ ভূমিকাত আছিল যি এগৰাকী সহপাঠীৰ সৈতে প্ৰেমত পৰে। চলচ্চিত্ৰখন মিশ্ৰ সমালোচনা লাভ কৰিছিল যদিও পেৰাবো, জেছিকা পাৰেই আৰু মিশা বাৰ্টনৰ অভিনয় বহুলভাৱে প্ৰশংসিত হৈছিল।<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.murphysmoviereviews.net/Archive/lostdelirious.html |title=Lost and Delirious |publisher=murphysmoviereviews |date=December 21, 2001 |access-date=May 26, 2013 |archive-date=September 27, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927221109/http://www.murphysmoviereviews.net/Archive/lostdelirious.html |url-status=dead |archivedate=September 27, 2013 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927221109/http://www.murphysmoviereviews.net/Archive/lostdelirious.html |deadurl=yes }}</ref> সমালোচকসকলে বিশেষকৈ পেৰাবোৰ অভিনয়ক অত্যন্ত প্ৰশংসা কৰিছিল। তাৰ পিছৰ বছৰ তেওঁ স্বতন্ত্ৰ কৌতুক চলচ্চিত্ৰ ‘স্ল্যাপ হাৰ... শীজ ফ্ৰেঞ্চ’ত এগৰাকী ফৰাচী বিনিময় ছাত্ৰীৰ ভূমিকাত অভিনয় কৰে। ২০০৩ চনত তেওঁ ‘চিপাৰ বাই দ্য ডজন’ চলচ্চিত্ৰত ডাঙৰ কন্যা নোৰাৰ ভূমিকাত অভিনয় কৰে আৰু ২০০৫ চনৰ ছিকুৱেলতো একে ভূমিকাত অভিনয় কৰে। ইয়াৰ উপৰি তেওঁ ‘দ্য আই ইনছাইড’ (২০০৩), ‘পাৰফেক্ট অপ’জিটছ’ (২০০৪), ‘জৰ্জ এণ্ড দ্য ড্ৰেগন’ (২০০৪), ‘দ্য কেৱ’ (২০০৫), ‘ইমাজিন মি এণ্ড ইউ’ (২০০৫), ‘এডিচন’ (২০০৫) আৰু ‘দ্য প্ৰেষ্টিজ’ (২০০৬) চলচ্চিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰে। === ২০০৮–বৰ্তমান: ‘ক’ভাৰ্ট এফেয়াৰ্ছ’ আৰু অন্যান্য কাম === ২০০৮ চনত পেৰাবোৱে জেমি লী কাৰ্টিছৰ সৈতে পৰিয়ালধৰ্মী কৌতুক চলচ্চিত্ৰ ‘বেভাৰ্লি হিলছ চিহুৱাহুৱা’ত সহ-অভিনয় কৰে। সেই বছৰেই তেওঁ অফ-ব্ৰডৱে নাটক ‘ৰিজনছ টু বি প্ৰেটি’ত আত্মপ্ৰকাশ কৰে।<ref name="broadway"/> তাৰ পিছত তেওঁ ইউএছএ নেটৱৰ্কৰ গুপ্তচৰ নাট্য ধাৰাবাহিক ‘ক’ভাৰ্ট এফেয়াৰ্ছ’ৰ চিত্ৰনাট্য পঢ়ে আৰু ধাৰাবাহিকখনত মুখ্য চৰিত্ৰ হিচাপে অভিনয় কৰাৰ সিদ্ধান্ত লয়। ২০০৯ চনত তেওঁ চিআইএ ফিল্ড এজেণ্ট এনি ৱাকাৰৰ ভূমিকাত নিৰ্বাচিত হয়।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thefutoncritic.com/news/2009/07/02/development-update-thursday-july-2/8184/|title=Development Update: Thursday, July 2|date=July 2, 2009|work=The Futon Critic|access-date=May 8, 2010}}</ref> এই ধাৰাবাহিকত অভিনয়ৰ বাবে তেওঁ ২০১০ চনত শ্ৰেষ্ঠ অভিনেত্ৰী – টেলিভিছন নাট্য শ্ৰেণীত গোল্ডেন গ্লোব বঁটা লাভৰ বাবে মনোনীত হয়।<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.goldenglobes.org/blog/2010/12/the-68th-annual-golden-globe-awards-nominations/ |title=The 68th Annual Golden Globe Awards Nominations |publisher=Goldenglobes.org |date=December 14, 2010 |access-date=April 30, 2012 |archive-date=May 5, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120505130819/http://www.goldenglobes.org/blog/2010/12/the-68th-annual-golden-globe-awards-nominations/ |url-status=dead |archivedate=May 5, 2012 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120505130819/http://www.goldenglobes.org/blog/2010/12/the-68th-annual-golden-globe-awards-nominations/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref> ধাৰাবাহিকখন ২০১০ চনৰপৰা ২০১৪ চনলৈ পাঁচটা ছিজন চলিছিল।<ref>{{cite web|last1=Gelman|first1=Vlada|title=USA Network Cancels Covert Affairs|url=http://tvline.com/2015/01/06/covert-affairs-cancelled-season-5-usa-network/|publisher=TVLine|access-date=January 6, 2015|date=January 6, 2015}}</ref> ২০১২ চনত তেওঁ ‘লুপাৰ’ চলচ্চিত্ৰত সহ-অভিনয় কৰে। পিছলৈ তেওঁ ‘গো অন’ ধাৰাবাহিকত পুনৰাবৃত্তিমূলক চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰে। ২০১৫ চনত তেওঁ থ্ৰিলাৰ চলচ্চিত্ৰ ‘ইনটু দ্য গ্ৰিজলি মেজ’ত মুখ্য ভূমিকাত অভিনয় কৰে। ২০১৬ চনত তেওঁ এবিচি নাট্য ধাৰাবাহিক ‘নট’ৰিয়াছ’ত জুলিয়া জৰ্জৰ ভূমিকাত অভিনয় কৰে। ২০১৭ চনত তেওঁ এণ্টোনিও বান্দেৰাছৰ সৈতে ‘ব্লেক বাটাৰফ্লাই’ চলচ্চিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰে। ২০১৮ চনত তেওঁ [[নেটফ্লিক্স]] কৌতুক ধাৰাবাহিক ‘টাৰ্ণ আপ চাৰ্লি’ত ছাৰাৰ ভূমিকাত অভিনয় কৰে। ২০১৯ চনত তেওঁ ‘এঞ্জেল হেজ ফেলেন’ চলচ্চিত্ৰত লিয়া বেনিংৰ ভূমিকাত দেখা যায়। ২০২০ চনত তেওঁ শ’টাইমৰ অতিপ্ৰাকৃত ভয়ানক ধাৰাবাহিক ‘পেনি ড্ৰেডফুল: চিটি অৱ এঞ্জেলছ’ত লিণ্ডা ক্ৰাফ্টৰ ভূমিকাত অভিনয় কৰে। একে বছৰতে তেওঁ ডাৰ্ক কৌতুক চলচ্চিত্ৰ ‘স্পনটেনিয়াছ’ত এঞ্জেলাৰ ভূমিকাত সহ-অভিনয় কৰে। ২০২১ চনত তেওঁ ‘য়েল’ষ্ট’ন’ ধাৰাবাহিকত সামাৰ হিগিনছৰ ভূমিকাত অভিনয় কৰে। ২০২৫ চনত তেওঁ কুইবেকৰ স্বতন্ত্ৰ চলচ্চিত্ৰ ‘পীক এভ্ৰিথিং’ত টিনাৰ ভূমিকাত সহ-অভিনয় কৰে, য’ত তেওঁ [[ইংৰাজী]] আৰু [[ফৰাচী]] দুয়োটা ভাষাত অভিনয় কৰিছিল। == ব্যক্তিগত জীৱন == ২০১৩ চনত পেৰাবোৱে [[নিউজিলেণ্ড]]ৰ পৰিচালক আৰু লেখক ষ্টিফেন কেৰ সৈতে বাগদান কৰে; তেওঁলোকৰ বিবাহ [[২৬ জুলাই]], ২০১৪ তাৰিখে [[নিউয়ৰ্ক]] চহৰত সম্পন্ন হয়।<ref>{{cite news |title=Piper Perabo and Stephen Kay Tie the Knot |url=http://www.people.com/article/piper-perabo-stephen-kay-married|work=People |date=July 27, 2014|access-date=July 27, 2014}}</ref> পেৰাবো কেৰ কন্যা লিলিৰ সৎমাতৃ।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.usmagazine.com/celebrity-moms/news/piper-perabo-doesnt-have-baby-plans-after-jackpot-stepdaughter/|title=The Sweet Reason Why Piper Perabo Feels Like She 'Hit the Jackpot'|date=March 22, 2019|website=Us Weekly|language=en-US|access-date=October 29, 2019}}</ref> ২০০৫ চনৰ চলচ্চিত্ৰ ‘‘দ্য কেৱ’’ আৰু ‘‘ইমাজিন মি এণ্ড ইউ’’ত একেলগে অভিনয় কৰাৰ পিছৰেপৰা পেৰাবো অভিনেত্ৰী লেনা হেডীৰ ঘনিষ্ঠ বন্ধু।<ref>{{cite web| last = Lee| first = Michael J| title = Piper Perabo| work = Interview| date = March 22, 2007| url = http://www.radiofree.com/profiles/piper_perabo/interview03.shtml| access-date = November 13, 2013| archive-date = February 20, 2012| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120220101705/http://www.radiofree.com/profiles/piper_perabo/interview03.shtml| url-status = dead| archivedate = February 20, 2012| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20120220101705/http://www.radiofree.com/profiles/piper_perabo/interview03.shtml| deadurl = yes}}</ref> তেওঁ ফ্ৰেঞ্চ ভাষা স্বচ্ছন্দভাৱে ক’ব পাৰে,<ref name="slapher"/> এলজিবিটিকিউ অধিকাৰ আৰু মহিলাসকলৰ ৰাজনৈতিক নেতৃত্বৰ পক্ষে সমৰ্থন জনায়, আৰু ভোটৰানলিডৰ পৰামৰ্শদাতা পৰিষদত দায়িত্ব পালন কৰে।<ref>{{cite web| title = New Give a Damn PSAs Premiere on the USA Network Today!| publisher = Give a Damn Campaign| date = October 21, 2010| url = http://www.wegiveadamn.org/2010/10/new-suicide-psas-premiere-on-usa-network-today/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151019073424/http://www.wegiveadamn.org/news-story-entry/new-suicide-psas-premiere-on-usa-network-today/|archive-date=October 19, 2015}}</ref> তেওঁ ২০০৫ চনত আৰম্ভ হোৱা প্ৰ’হিবিচন-থিমযুক্ত ৱেষ্ট ভিলেজস্থিত “এমপ্লয়িজ অনলি” বাৰ আৰু ২০১২ চনত আৰম্ভ হোৱা সো’হোস্থিত “জেকছ ৱাইফ ফ্ৰেডা” ৰেষ্টুৰেণ্টৰ সহ-মালিকো।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.interviewmagazine.com/culture/piper-perabo-jacks-wife-freda/ |title=Piper Perabo's Culinary Affairs |publisher=Interview Magazine |author=Emma Brown |date=March 16, 2012 |access-date=April 6, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.clubplanet.com/Articles/1262/Piper-Perabo-From-Coyote-Ugly |title=Piper Perabo From "Coyote Ugly" |website=ClubPlanet |first=Emma |last=Brown |date=January 27, 2006 |access-date=April 6, 2013 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == ৰাজনৈতিক সক্ৰিয়তা == ২০১৮ চনত, পেৰাবোক ব্ৰেট কাভানাৰ উচ্চতম ন্যায়ালয়ত নিযুক্তিকৰণ শুনানিৰ বিৰুদ্ধে প্ৰতিবাদ কৰাৰ বাবে গ্ৰেপ্তাৰ কৰা হৈছিল।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/people/2018/09/04/piper-perabo-arrested-protesting-brett-kavanaugh-supreme-court-hearing/1197498002/|title='Covert Affairs' actress Piper Perabo arrested for protesting Kavanaugh's court confirmation|last=Henderson|first=Cydney|website=USA Today|language=en-US|access-date=December 17, 2019}}</ref> ২০১৯ চনৰ নৱেম্বৰ মাহতো তেওঁ জেইন ফণ্ডাৰ সাপ্তাহিক জলবায়ু পৰিৱৰ্তন সম্পৰ্কীয় প্ৰতিবাদত অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰাৰ সময়ত পুনৰ গ্ৰেপ্তাৰ হৈছিল।<ref>{{Cite web|first=Ryan|last=Parker|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/diane-lane-piper-perabo-arrested-protesting-jane-fonda-1256880|title=Diane Lane, Piper Perabo Arrested While Protesting With Jane Fonda|website=The Hollywood Reporter|date=November 22, 2019|language=en|access-date=December 17, 2019}}</ref> পেৰাবোৱে ২০২০ চনৰ ডেম'ক্ৰেটিক পাৰ্টিৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰপতি প্ৰাৰ্থী নিৰ্বাচনত এলিজাবেথ ৱাৰেনক সমৰ্থন জনাইছিল<ref>{{cite journal|url=https://newjerseyglobe.com/presidential-election/piper-perabo-endorses-elizabeth-warren/|title=Piper Perabo endorses Elizabeth Warren|journal=New Jersey Globe|first=David|last=Wildstein|date=February 21, 2020|access-date=February 21, 2020}}</ref> আৰু ভোটাৰ পঞ্জীয়ন আৰু ভোটাৰ শিক্ষাৰ পক্ষে সমৰ্থন জনাবলৈ তেওঁ নিজৰ টুইটাৰ আৰু ইনষ্টাগ্ৰাম একাউণ্ট নিয়মিতভাৱে ব্যৱহাৰ কৰে। তেওঁ অনুসৰণকাৰীসকলক ভোটাৰ আইডি প্ৰয়োজনীয়তা সম্পৰ্কে অধিক জানিবলৈ ভোটৰাইডাৰ্ছ সংগঠনৰ সৈতে যোগাযোগ কৰিবলৈ উৎসাহিত কৰিছে।<ref>{{cite tweet |last=Perabo |first=Piper |user=PiperPerabo |number=1310997704961478656 |date=September 29, 2020 |title=.@VoteRiders is making sure everyone who is required to show an ID to #vote, gets one. 🗣 Your voice matters. 🗳 Your vote matters. Not all states require ID, text #IDCheck to 844-338-8743 to find out if you need #VoterID. |language=en |access-date=December 2, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200929222756/https://twitter.com/PiperPerabo/status/1310997704961478656 |archive-date=September 29, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite instagram |user=piperperabo |last=Perabo |first=Piper |title=The Senate runoff election in #Georgia will decide who controls the Senate. You can request a mail in ballot now. Early voting will be from December 14–31. |postid=CIWznlQsiNn |date=December 3, 2020}}</ref> পেৰাবো দ্য হ'মটাউন প্ৰজেক্ট নামৰ এক অলাভজনক সংগঠনৰ পৰামৰ্শদাতা পৰিষদৰ সদস্য, যি স্থানীয় নিৰ্বাচনত প্ৰাৰ্থী নিৰ্বাচিত কৰাত সহায় কৰে।<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 24, 2023 |title=How The Hometown Project is helping to boost voter turnout |url=https://www.msnbc.com/morning-joe/watch/how-the-hometown-project-is-helping-to-boost-voter-turnout-196293189803 |access-date=2023-10-26 |website=MSNBC.com: Morning Joe |language=en}}</ref> পেৰাবোৱে ২০২৪ চনৰ যুক্তৰাষ্ট্ৰৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰপতি নিৰ্বাচনত কামালা হেৰিছক সমৰ্থন জনাইছিল।<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-08-05 |title=Piper Perabo on X: "I support @KamalaHarris because a Harris administration will support 🇺🇸Reproductive Freedom 🏡Affordable Housing 💰Relief of student & medical debt 💊Lowering prescription drug costs 🌳Pro-climate solutions ⚖️ No Presidential Immunity 🚌& electric school buses #WomenForHarris"|url=https://twitter.com/PiperPerabo/status/1820490988059787320 |access-date=2024-08-05 |website=X (Twitter)}}</ref> ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== {{Reflist}} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== {{commons category|Piper Perabo}} * {{IBDB name}} * {{tcmdb name|id=509433%7C0|name=Piper Perabo}} * {{IMDb name|5305}} [[শ্ৰেণী:আমেৰিকান অভিনয় শিল্পী]] 2kylqwivdtrm11djbukmqx3nczir9hp 0 133646 605848 605741 2026-05-11T13:35:19Z দিব্য দত্ত 9244 605848 wikitext text/x-wiki {{unreferenced}} {{Infobox court case |name = হৰিশ ৰাণা বনাম ভাৰত চৰকাৰ |court = [[ভাৰতৰ উচ্চতম ন্যায়ালয়]] |decided = ১১ মাৰ্চ, ২০২৬ |citations = Writ Petition (Civil) No. 1601/2026 (Hypothetical/Recent) |judges = বিশেষজ্ঞ বিচাৰপীঠ |keywords = পেচিভ ইউথেনেছিয়া, মৰ্যাদাৰে মৃত্যু, সংবিধানৰ ২১ নং অনুচ্ছেদ }} '''হৰিশ ৰাণা গোচৰ''' ভাৰতৰ আইনী বুৰঞ্জীত মৰ্যাদাৰে মৃত্যুৰ অধিকাৰ সম্পৰ্কীয় এক গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ মাইলৰ খুঁটি। এই গোচৰৰ জৰিয়তে [[ভাৰতৰ উচ্চতম ন্যায়ালয়|উচ্চতম ন্যায়ালয়ে]] এজন ৰোগীৰ সুস্থ হোৱাৰ সম্ভাৱনা নাথাকিলে তেওঁক যন্ত্ৰণাদায়ক কৃত্ৰিম জীৱনৰ পৰা মুক্তি দিয়াৰ দিশত এক মানৱীয় পদক্ষেপ গ্ৰহণ কৰে।<ref name="aljazeera">{{cite news |title=India's Supreme Court allows first-ever passive euthanasia death |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/3/11/indias-supreme-court-allows-first-ever-passive-euthanasia-death |publisher=[[Al Jazeera]] |date=11 March 2026}}</ref> == পটভূমি == হৰিশ ৰাণা এজন যুৱক আছিল যিয়ে ২০১৩ চনত এটা বহুতল ভৱনৰ পৰা পৰি মগজুত গভীৰ আঘাত পাইছিল। এই দুৰ্ঘটনাৰ পিছৰে পৰা তেওঁ প্ৰায় ১৩ বছৰ ধৰি 'পাৰচিষ্টেণ্ট ভেজিটেটিভ ষ্টেট' (Persistent Vegetative State) বা সম্পূৰ্ণ সচেতনতাহীন অৱস্থাত আছিল।<ref name="PVS_Medical">"Persistent Vegetative State and Ethics of Withdrawal of Life Support," Medical Journal of India, 2024.</ref> তেওঁৰ শৰীৰটো কেৱল ৰিফ্লেক্স ক্ৰিয়া আৰু কৃত্ৰিম পুষ্টিৰ সহায়ত জীয়াই আছিল। == আইনী ইতিহাস আৰু প্ৰসংগ == আদালতে এই গোচৰটো বিবেচনা কৰোঁতে তলৰ গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ আইনী নিদৰ্শনসমূহৰ সহায় লয়: # '''অৰুণা ৰামচন্দ্ৰ শ্বানবাগ বনাম ভাৰত চৰকাৰ (২০১১):''' এই গোচৰতে উচ্চতম ন্যায়ালয়ে প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে ভাৰতত 'পেচিভ ইউথেনেছিয়া'ৰ বাবে কঠোৰ নীতি-নিৰ্দেশনা জাৰি কৰিছিল।<ref name="Aruna_Case">Aruna Ramchandra Shanbaug v. Union of India, (2011) 4 SCC 454.</ref> # '''কমন কজ বনাম ভাৰত চৰকাৰ (২০১৮):''' পাঁচজনীয়া বিচাৰপীঠে ৰায় দিছিল যে সংবিধানৰ ২১ নং অনুচ্ছেদে প্ৰদান কৰা 'জীৱনৰ অধিকাৰ'ৰ ভিতৰত 'মৰ্যাদাৰে মৃত্যুৰ অধিকাৰো' এক অবিচ্ছেদ্য অংগ।<ref name="Common_Cause">Common Cause (A Regd. Society) v. Union of India, (2018) 5 SCC 1.</ref> == ২০২৬ চনৰ ৰায়দান == বিশেষজ্ঞ মেডিকেল বোৰ্ডৰ প্ৰতিবেদনৰ ভিত্তিত আদালতে ২০২৬ চনৰ ১১ মাৰ্চত হৰিশ ৰাণাৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত পেচিভ ইউথেনেছিয়া প্ৰয়োগৰ অনুমতি দিয়ে। আদালতৰ মতে, যেতিয়া এজন ব্যক্তিৰ সুস্থ হোৱাৰ কোনো ক্লিনিকেল সম্ভাৱনা নাথাকে, তেতিয়া তেওঁক জোৰকৈ কৃত্ৰিম সহায়ত জীয়াই ৰখাটো তেওঁৰ মৰ্যাদাৰ অধিকাৰৰ উলংঘন।<ref name="Rana_Verdict">Supreme Court of India, Judgement on Harish Rana Case, March 11, 2026.</ref> == গুৰুত্ব == এই গোচৰটোৱে ভাৰতত 'লিভিং উইল' (Living Will) বা এজন ব্যক্তিয়ে আগতীয়াকৈ নিজৰ মৃত্যুৰ ইচ্ছা প্ৰকাশ কৰাৰ আইনী প্ৰক্ৰিয়াটোক অধিক সৰল কৰাত সহায় কৰে। ই চিকিৎসা বিজ্ঞানৰ নৈতিকতা (Medical Ethics) আৰু আইনী সুৰক্ষাৰ মাজত এক ভাৰসাম্য স্থাপন কৰে। == তথ্যসূত্ৰ == <references /> == আৰু পঢ়ক == * ভাৰতীয় সংবিধানৰ ২১ নং অনুচ্ছেদ: জীৱন আৰু ব্যক্তিগত স্বাধীনতাৰ সুৰক্ষা। * '' [[গোবিন্দ সৎনামী]] '' "ভাৰতত মৰ্যাদাৰে মৃত্যুৰ অধিকাৰ আৰু আইনী ব্যৱস্থা", ২০২৬। pfd7aenwzo4mczxfay4jskcr1y7qqkx 605849 605848 2026-05-11T13:37:21Z দিব্য দত্ত 9244 /* পটভূমি */ 605849 wikitext text/x-wiki {{unreferenced}} {{Infobox court case |name = হৰিশ ৰাণা বনাম ভাৰত চৰকাৰ |court = [[ভাৰতৰ উচ্চতম ন্যায়ালয়]] |decided = ১১ মাৰ্চ, ২০২৬ |citations = Writ Petition (Civil) No. 1601/2026 (Hypothetical/Recent) |judges = বিশেষজ্ঞ বিচাৰপীঠ |keywords = পেচিভ ইউথেনেছিয়া, মৰ্যাদাৰে মৃত্যু, সংবিধানৰ ২১ নং অনুচ্ছেদ }} '''হৰিশ ৰাণা গোচৰ''' ভাৰতৰ আইনী বুৰঞ্জীত মৰ্যাদাৰে মৃত্যুৰ অধিকাৰ সম্পৰ্কীয় এক গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ মাইলৰ খুঁটি। এই গোচৰৰ জৰিয়তে [[ভাৰতৰ উচ্চতম ন্যায়ালয়|উচ্চতম ন্যায়ালয়ে]] এজন ৰোগীৰ সুস্থ হোৱাৰ সম্ভাৱনা নাথাকিলে তেওঁক যন্ত্ৰণাদায়ক কৃত্ৰিম জীৱনৰ পৰা মুক্তি দিয়াৰ দিশত এক মানৱীয় পদক্ষেপ গ্ৰহণ কৰে।<ref name="aljazeera">{{cite news |title=India's Supreme Court allows first-ever passive euthanasia death |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/3/11/indias-supreme-court-allows-first-ever-passive-euthanasia-death |publisher=[[Al Jazeera]] |date=11 March 2026}}</ref> == পটভূমি == হৰিশ ৰাণা এজন যুৱক আছিল যিয়ে ২০১৩ চনত এটা বহুতল ভৱনৰ পৰা পৰি মগজুত গভীৰ আঘাত পাইছিল।<ref name="distractify">{{cite news |title=India's Supreme Court Allows First-Ever Passive Euthanasia for Harish Rana — What Happened? |url=https://www.distractify.com/p/what-happened-to-harish-rana |publisher=Distractify |date=12 March 2026}}</ref> এই দুৰ্ঘটনাৰ পিছৰে পৰা তেওঁ প্ৰায় ১৩ বছৰ ধৰি 'পাৰচিষ্টেণ্ট ভেজিটেটিভ ষ্টেট' (Persistent Vegetative State) বা সম্পূৰ্ণ সচেতনতাহীন অৱস্থাত আছিল।<ref name="PVS_Medical">"Persistent Vegetative State and Ethics of Withdrawal of Life Support," Medical Journal of India, 2024.</ref> তেওঁৰ শৰীৰটো কেৱল ৰিফ্লেক্স ক্ৰিয়া আৰু কৃত্ৰিম পুষ্টিৰ সহায়ত জীয়াই আছিল। == আইনী ইতিহাস আৰু প্ৰসংগ == আদালতে এই গোচৰটো বিবেচনা কৰোঁতে তলৰ গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ আইনী নিদৰ্শনসমূহৰ সহায় লয়: # '''অৰুণা ৰামচন্দ্ৰ শ্বানবাগ বনাম ভাৰত চৰকাৰ (২০১১):''' এই গোচৰতে উচ্চতম ন্যায়ালয়ে প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে ভাৰতত 'পেচিভ ইউথেনেছিয়া'ৰ বাবে কঠোৰ নীতি-নিৰ্দেশনা জাৰি কৰিছিল।<ref name="Aruna_Case">Aruna Ramchandra Shanbaug v. Union of India, (2011) 4 SCC 454.</ref> # '''কমন কজ বনাম ভাৰত চৰকাৰ (২০১৮):''' পাঁচজনীয়া বিচাৰপীঠে ৰায় দিছিল যে সংবিধানৰ ২১ নং অনুচ্ছেদে প্ৰদান কৰা 'জীৱনৰ অধিকাৰ'ৰ ভিতৰত 'মৰ্যাদাৰে মৃত্যুৰ অধিকাৰো' এক অবিচ্ছেদ্য অংগ।<ref name="Common_Cause">Common Cause (A Regd. Society) v. Union of India, (2018) 5 SCC 1.</ref> == ২০২৬ চনৰ ৰায়দান == বিশেষজ্ঞ মেডিকেল বোৰ্ডৰ প্ৰতিবেদনৰ ভিত্তিত আদালতে ২০২৬ চনৰ ১১ মাৰ্চত হৰিশ ৰাণাৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত পেচিভ ইউথেনেছিয়া প্ৰয়োগৰ অনুমতি দিয়ে। আদালতৰ মতে, যেতিয়া এজন ব্যক্তিৰ সুস্থ হোৱাৰ কোনো ক্লিনিকেল সম্ভাৱনা নাথাকে, তেতিয়া তেওঁক জোৰকৈ কৃত্ৰিম সহায়ত জীয়াই ৰখাটো তেওঁৰ মৰ্যাদাৰ অধিকাৰৰ উলংঘন।<ref name="Rana_Verdict">Supreme Court of India, Judgement on Harish Rana Case, March 11, 2026.</ref> == গুৰুত্ব == এই গোচৰটোৱে ভাৰতত 'লিভিং উইল' (Living Will) বা এজন ব্যক্তিয়ে আগতীয়াকৈ নিজৰ মৃত্যুৰ ইচ্ছা প্ৰকাশ কৰাৰ আইনী প্ৰক্ৰিয়াটোক অধিক সৰল কৰাত সহায় কৰে। ই চিকিৎসা বিজ্ঞানৰ নৈতিকতা (Medical Ethics) আৰু আইনী সুৰক্ষাৰ মাজত এক ভাৰসাম্য স্থাপন কৰে। == তথ্যসূত্ৰ == <references /> == আৰু পঢ়ক == * ভাৰতীয় সংবিধানৰ ২১ নং অনুচ্ছেদ: জীৱন আৰু ব্যক্তিগত স্বাধীনতাৰ সুৰক্ষা। * '' [[গোবিন্দ সৎনামী]] '' "ভাৰতত মৰ্যাদাৰে মৃত্যুৰ অধিকাৰ আৰু আইনী ব্যৱস্থা", ২০২৬। 4jnh43migjnci70jd8icxrf8kzjk2oy 605851 605849 2026-05-11T13:39:55Z দিব্য দত্ত 9244 /* ২০২৬ চনৰ ৰায়দান */ 605851 wikitext text/x-wiki {{unreferenced}} {{Infobox court case |name = হৰিশ ৰাণা বনাম ভাৰত চৰকাৰ |court = [[ভাৰতৰ উচ্চতম ন্যায়ালয়]] |decided = ১১ মাৰ্চ, ২০২৬ |citations = Writ Petition (Civil) No. 1601/2026 (Hypothetical/Recent) |judges = বিশেষজ্ঞ বিচাৰপীঠ |keywords = পেচিভ ইউথেনেছিয়া, মৰ্যাদাৰে মৃত্যু, সংবিধানৰ ২১ নং অনুচ্ছেদ }} '''হৰিশ ৰাণা গোচৰ''' ভাৰতৰ আইনী বুৰঞ্জীত মৰ্যাদাৰে মৃত্যুৰ অধিকাৰ সম্পৰ্কীয় এক গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ মাইলৰ খুঁটি। এই গোচৰৰ জৰিয়তে [[ভাৰতৰ উচ্চতম ন্যায়ালয়|উচ্চতম ন্যায়ালয়ে]] এজন ৰোগীৰ সুস্থ হোৱাৰ সম্ভাৱনা নাথাকিলে তেওঁক যন্ত্ৰণাদায়ক কৃত্ৰিম জীৱনৰ পৰা মুক্তি দিয়াৰ দিশত এক মানৱীয় পদক্ষেপ গ্ৰহণ কৰে।<ref name="aljazeera">{{cite news |title=India's Supreme Court allows first-ever passive euthanasia death |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/3/11/indias-supreme-court-allows-first-ever-passive-euthanasia-death |publisher=[[Al Jazeera]] |date=11 March 2026}}</ref> == পটভূমি == হৰিশ ৰাণা এজন যুৱক আছিল যিয়ে ২০১৩ চনত এটা বহুতল ভৱনৰ পৰা পৰি মগজুত গভীৰ আঘাত পাইছিল।<ref name="distractify">{{cite news |title=India's Supreme Court Allows First-Ever Passive Euthanasia for Harish Rana — What Happened? |url=https://www.distractify.com/p/what-happened-to-harish-rana |publisher=Distractify |date=12 March 2026}}</ref> এই দুৰ্ঘটনাৰ পিছৰে পৰা তেওঁ প্ৰায় ১৩ বছৰ ধৰি 'পাৰচিষ্টেণ্ট ভেজিটেটিভ ষ্টেট' (Persistent Vegetative State) বা সম্পূৰ্ণ সচেতনতাহীন অৱস্থাত আছিল।<ref name="PVS_Medical">"Persistent Vegetative State and Ethics of Withdrawal of Life Support," Medical Journal of India, 2024.</ref> তেওঁৰ শৰীৰটো কেৱল ৰিফ্লেক্স ক্ৰিয়া আৰু কৃত্ৰিম পুষ্টিৰ সহায়ত জীয়াই আছিল। == আইনী ইতিহাস আৰু প্ৰসংগ == আদালতে এই গোচৰটো বিবেচনা কৰোঁতে তলৰ গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ আইনী নিদৰ্শনসমূহৰ সহায় লয়: # '''অৰুণা ৰামচন্দ্ৰ শ্বানবাগ বনাম ভাৰত চৰকাৰ (২০১১):''' এই গোচৰতে উচ্চতম ন্যায়ালয়ে প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে ভাৰতত 'পেচিভ ইউথেনেছিয়া'ৰ বাবে কঠোৰ নীতি-নিৰ্দেশনা জাৰি কৰিছিল।<ref name="Aruna_Case">Aruna Ramchandra Shanbaug v. Union of India, (2011) 4 SCC 454.</ref> # '''কমন কজ বনাম ভাৰত চৰকাৰ (২০১৮):''' পাঁচজনীয়া বিচাৰপীঠে ৰায় দিছিল যে সংবিধানৰ ২১ নং অনুচ্ছেদে প্ৰদান কৰা 'জীৱনৰ অধিকাৰ'ৰ ভিতৰত 'মৰ্যাদাৰে মৃত্যুৰ অধিকাৰো' এক অবিচ্ছেদ্য অংগ।<ref name="Common_Cause">Common Cause (A Regd. Society) v. Union of India, (2018) 5 SCC 1.</ref> == ২০২৬ চনৰ ৰায়দান == বিশেষজ্ঞ মেডিকেল বোৰ্ডৰ প্ৰতিবেদনৰ ভিত্তিত আদালতে ২০২৬ চনৰ ১১ মাৰ্চত হৰিশ ৰাণাৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত পেচিভ ইউথেনেছিয়া প্ৰয়োগৰ অনুমতি দিয়ে।<ref name="theweek">{{cite news |title=The right to a dignified goodbye: Supreme Court judgment allows passive euthanasia for Harish Rana |url=https://www.theweek.in/news/india/2026/03/11/euthanasia-laws-sc-implements-guidelines-calls-for-legislation.html |publisher=The Week |date=11 March 2026}}</ref> আদালতৰ মতে, যেতিয়া এজন ব্যক্তিৰ সুস্থ হোৱাৰ কোনো ক্লিনিকেল সম্ভাৱনা নাথাকে, তেতিয়া তেওঁক জোৰকৈ কৃত্ৰিম সহায়ত জীয়াই ৰখাটো তেওঁৰ মৰ্যাদাৰ অধিকাৰৰ উলংঘন।<ref name="Rana_Verdict">Supreme Court of India, Judgement on Harish Rana Case, March 11, 2026.</ref> == গুৰুত্ব == এই গোচৰটোৱে ভাৰতত 'লিভিং উইল' (Living Will) বা এজন ব্যক্তিয়ে আগতীয়াকৈ নিজৰ মৃত্যুৰ ইচ্ছা প্ৰকাশ কৰাৰ আইনী প্ৰক্ৰিয়াটোক অধিক সৰল কৰাত সহায় কৰে। ই চিকিৎসা বিজ্ঞানৰ নৈতিকতা (Medical Ethics) আৰু আইনী সুৰক্ষাৰ মাজত এক ভাৰসাম্য স্থাপন কৰে। == তথ্যসূত্ৰ == <references /> == আৰু পঢ়ক == * ভাৰতীয় সংবিধানৰ ২১ নং অনুচ্ছেদ: জীৱন আৰু ব্যক্তিগত স্বাধীনতাৰ সুৰক্ষা। * '' [[গোবিন্দ সৎনামী]] '' "ভাৰতত মৰ্যাদাৰে মৃত্যুৰ অধিকাৰ আৰু আইনী ব্যৱস্থা", ২০২৬। pvmennq8wbb42vbsf7jajh22he0af2k 605853 605851 2026-05-11T13:41:55Z দিব্য দত্ত 9244 /* আৰু পঢ়ক */ 605853 wikitext text/x-wiki {{unreferenced}} {{Infobox court case |name = হৰিশ ৰাণা বনাম ভাৰত চৰকাৰ |court = [[ভাৰতৰ উচ্চতম ন্যায়ালয়]] |decided = ১১ মাৰ্চ, ২০২৬ |citations = Writ Petition (Civil) No. 1601/2026 (Hypothetical/Recent) |judges = বিশেষজ্ঞ বিচাৰপীঠ |keywords = পেচিভ ইউথেনেছিয়া, মৰ্যাদাৰে মৃত্যু, সংবিধানৰ ২১ নং অনুচ্ছেদ }} '''হৰিশ ৰাণা গোচৰ''' ভাৰতৰ আইনী বুৰঞ্জীত মৰ্যাদাৰে মৃত্যুৰ অধিকাৰ সম্পৰ্কীয় এক গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ মাইলৰ খুঁটি। এই গোচৰৰ জৰিয়তে [[ভাৰতৰ উচ্চতম ন্যায়ালয়|উচ্চতম ন্যায়ালয়ে]] এজন ৰোগীৰ সুস্থ হোৱাৰ সম্ভাৱনা নাথাকিলে তেওঁক যন্ত্ৰণাদায়ক কৃত্ৰিম জীৱনৰ পৰা মুক্তি দিয়াৰ দিশত এক মানৱীয় পদক্ষেপ গ্ৰহণ কৰে।<ref name="aljazeera">{{cite news |title=India's Supreme Court allows first-ever passive euthanasia death |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/3/11/indias-supreme-court-allows-first-ever-passive-euthanasia-death |publisher=[[Al Jazeera]] |date=11 March 2026}}</ref> == পটভূমি == হৰিশ ৰাণা এজন যুৱক আছিল যিয়ে ২০১৩ চনত এটা বহুতল ভৱনৰ পৰা পৰি মগজুত গভীৰ আঘাত পাইছিল।<ref name="distractify">{{cite news |title=India's Supreme Court Allows First-Ever Passive Euthanasia for Harish Rana — What Happened? |url=https://www.distractify.com/p/what-happened-to-harish-rana |publisher=Distractify |date=12 March 2026}}</ref> এই দুৰ্ঘটনাৰ পিছৰে পৰা তেওঁ প্ৰায় ১৩ বছৰ ধৰি 'পাৰচিষ্টেণ্ট ভেজিটেটিভ ষ্টেট' (Persistent Vegetative State) বা সম্পূৰ্ণ সচেতনতাহীন অৱস্থাত আছিল।<ref name="PVS_Medical">"Persistent Vegetative State and Ethics of Withdrawal of Life Support," Medical Journal of India, 2024.</ref> তেওঁৰ শৰীৰটো কেৱল ৰিফ্লেক্স ক্ৰিয়া আৰু কৃত্ৰিম পুষ্টিৰ সহায়ত জীয়াই আছিল। == আইনী ইতিহাস আৰু প্ৰসংগ == আদালতে এই গোচৰটো বিবেচনা কৰোঁতে তলৰ গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ আইনী নিদৰ্শনসমূহৰ সহায় লয়: # '''অৰুণা ৰামচন্দ্ৰ শ্বানবাগ বনাম ভাৰত চৰকাৰ (২০১১):''' এই গোচৰতে উচ্চতম ন্যায়ালয়ে প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে ভাৰতত 'পেচিভ ইউথেনেছিয়া'ৰ বাবে কঠোৰ নীতি-নিৰ্দেশনা জাৰি কৰিছিল।<ref name="Aruna_Case">Aruna Ramchandra Shanbaug v. Union of India, (2011) 4 SCC 454.</ref> # '''কমন কজ বনাম ভাৰত চৰকাৰ (২০১৮):''' পাঁচজনীয়া বিচাৰপীঠে ৰায় দিছিল যে সংবিধানৰ ২১ নং অনুচ্ছেদে প্ৰদান কৰা 'জীৱনৰ অধিকাৰ'ৰ ভিতৰত 'মৰ্যাদাৰে মৃত্যুৰ অধিকাৰো' এক অবিচ্ছেদ্য অংগ।<ref name="Common_Cause">Common Cause (A Regd. Society) v. Union of India, (2018) 5 SCC 1.</ref> == ২০২৬ চনৰ ৰায়দান == বিশেষজ্ঞ মেডিকেল বোৰ্ডৰ প্ৰতিবেদনৰ ভিত্তিত আদালতে ২০২৬ চনৰ ১১ মাৰ্চত হৰিশ ৰাণাৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত পেচিভ ইউথেনেছিয়া প্ৰয়োগৰ অনুমতি দিয়ে।<ref name="theweek">{{cite news |title=The right to a dignified goodbye: Supreme Court judgment allows passive euthanasia for Harish Rana |url=https://www.theweek.in/news/india/2026/03/11/euthanasia-laws-sc-implements-guidelines-calls-for-legislation.html |publisher=The Week |date=11 March 2026}}</ref> আদালতৰ মতে, যেতিয়া এজন ব্যক্তিৰ সুস্থ হোৱাৰ কোনো ক্লিনিকেল সম্ভাৱনা নাথাকে, তেতিয়া তেওঁক জোৰকৈ কৃত্ৰিম সহায়ত জীয়াই ৰখাটো তেওঁৰ মৰ্যাদাৰ অধিকাৰৰ উলংঘন।<ref name="Rana_Verdict">Supreme Court of India, Judgement on Harish Rana Case, March 11, 2026.</ref> == গুৰুত্ব == এই গোচৰটোৱে ভাৰতত 'লিভিং উইল' (Living Will) বা এজন ব্যক্তিয়ে আগতীয়াকৈ নিজৰ মৃত্যুৰ ইচ্ছা প্ৰকাশ কৰাৰ আইনী প্ৰক্ৰিয়াটোক অধিক সৰল কৰাত সহায় কৰে। ই চিকিৎসা বিজ্ঞানৰ নৈতিকতা (Medical Ethics) আৰু আইনী সুৰক্ষাৰ মাজত এক ভাৰসাম্য স্থাপন কৰে। == তথ্যসূত্ৰ == <references /> p1i9ac4eed2p7s89akujvbzqftblgyv 605854 605853 2026-05-11T13:43:05Z দিব্য দত্ত 9244 605854 wikitext text/x-wiki {{unreferenced}} {{Infobox court case |name = হৰিশ ৰাণা বনাম ভাৰত চৰকাৰ |court = [[ভাৰতৰ উচ্চতম ন্যায়ালয়]] |decided = |citations = Writ Petition (Civil) No. 1601/2026 (Hypothetical/Recent) |judges = বিশেষজ্ঞ বিচাৰপীঠ |keywords = পেচিভ ইউথেনেছিয়া, মৰ্যাদাৰে মৃত্যু, সংবিধানৰ ২১ নং অনুচ্ছেদ }} '''হৰিশ ৰাণা গোচৰ''' ভাৰতৰ আইনী বুৰঞ্জীত মৰ্যাদাৰে মৃত্যুৰ অধিকাৰ সম্পৰ্কীয় এক গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ মাইলৰ খুঁটি। এই গোচৰৰ জৰিয়তে [[ভাৰতৰ উচ্চতম ন্যায়ালয়|উচ্চতম ন্যায়ালয়ে]] এজন ৰোগীৰ সুস্থ হোৱাৰ সম্ভাৱনা নাথাকিলে তেওঁক যন্ত্ৰণাদায়ক কৃত্ৰিম জীৱনৰ পৰা মুক্তি দিয়াৰ দিশত এক মানৱীয় পদক্ষেপ গ্ৰহণ কৰে।<ref name="aljazeera">{{cite news |title=India's Supreme Court allows first-ever passive euthanasia death |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/3/11/indias-supreme-court-allows-first-ever-passive-euthanasia-death |publisher=[[Al Jazeera]] |date=11 March 2026}}</ref> == পটভূমি == হৰিশ ৰাণা এজন যুৱক আছিল যিয়ে ২০১৩ চনত এটা বহুতল ভৱনৰ পৰা পৰি মগজুত গভীৰ আঘাত পাইছিল।<ref name="distractify">{{cite news |title=India's Supreme Court Allows First-Ever Passive Euthanasia for Harish Rana — What Happened? |url=https://www.distractify.com/p/what-happened-to-harish-rana |publisher=Distractify |date=12 March 2026}}</ref> এই দুৰ্ঘটনাৰ পিছৰে পৰা তেওঁ প্ৰায় ১৩ বছৰ ধৰি 'পাৰচিষ্টেণ্ট ভেজিটেটিভ ষ্টেট' (Persistent Vegetative State) বা সম্পূৰ্ণ সচেতনতাহীন অৱস্থাত আছিল।<ref name="PVS_Medical">"Persistent Vegetative State and Ethics of Withdrawal of Life Support," Medical Journal of India, 2024.</ref> তেওঁৰ শৰীৰটো কেৱল ৰিফ্লেক্স ক্ৰিয়া আৰু কৃত্ৰিম পুষ্টিৰ সহায়ত জীয়াই আছিল। == আইনী ইতিহাস আৰু প্ৰসংগ == আদালতে এই গোচৰটো বিবেচনা কৰোঁতে তলৰ গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ আইনী নিদৰ্শনসমূহৰ সহায় লয়: # '''অৰুণা ৰামচন্দ্ৰ শ্বানবাগ বনাম ভাৰত চৰকাৰ (২০১১):''' এই গোচৰতে উচ্চতম ন্যায়ালয়ে প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে ভাৰতত 'পেচিভ ইউথেনেছিয়া'ৰ বাবে কঠোৰ নীতি-নিৰ্দেশনা জাৰি কৰিছিল।<ref name="Aruna_Case">Aruna Ramchandra Shanbaug v. Union of India, (2011) 4 SCC 454.</ref> # '''কমন কজ বনাম ভাৰত চৰকাৰ (২০১৮):''' পাঁচজনীয়া বিচাৰপীঠে ৰায় দিছিল যে সংবিধানৰ ২১ নং অনুচ্ছেদে প্ৰদান কৰা 'জীৱনৰ অধিকাৰ'ৰ ভিতৰত 'মৰ্যাদাৰে মৃত্যুৰ অধিকাৰো' এক অবিচ্ছেদ্য অংগ।<ref name="Common_Cause">Common Cause (A Regd. Society) v. Union of India, (2018) 5 SCC 1.</ref> == ২০২৬ চনৰ ৰায়দান == বিশেষজ্ঞ মেডিকেল বোৰ্ডৰ প্ৰতিবেদনৰ ভিত্তিত আদালতে ২০২৬ চনৰ ১১ মাৰ্চত হৰিশ ৰাণাৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত পেচিভ ইউথেনেছিয়া প্ৰয়োগৰ অনুমতি দিয়ে।<ref name="theweek">{{cite news |title=The right to a dignified goodbye: Supreme Court judgment allows passive euthanasia for Harish Rana |url=https://www.theweek.in/news/india/2026/03/11/euthanasia-laws-sc-implements-guidelines-calls-for-legislation.html |publisher=The Week |date=11 March 2026}}</ref> আদালতৰ মতে, যেতিয়া এজন ব্যক্তিৰ সুস্থ হোৱাৰ কোনো ক্লিনিকেল সম্ভাৱনা নাথাকে, তেতিয়া তেওঁক জোৰকৈ কৃত্ৰিম সহায়ত জীয়াই ৰখাটো তেওঁৰ মৰ্যাদাৰ অধিকাৰৰ উলংঘন।<ref name="Rana_Verdict">Supreme Court of India, Judgement on Harish Rana Case, March 11, 2026.</ref> == গুৰুত্ব == এই গোচৰটোৱে ভাৰতত 'লিভিং উইল' (Living Will) বা এজন ব্যক্তিয়ে আগতীয়াকৈ নিজৰ মৃত্যুৰ ইচ্ছা প্ৰকাশ কৰাৰ আইনী প্ৰক্ৰিয়াটোক অধিক সৰল কৰাত সহায় কৰে। ই চিকিৎসা বিজ্ঞানৰ নৈতিকতা (Medical Ethics) আৰু আইনী সুৰক্ষাৰ মাজত এক ভাৰসাম্য স্থাপন কৰে। == তথ্যসূত্ৰ == <references /> ls29boi8tqr9ivsxcp1k1u1pifcqwvl 605855 605854 2026-05-11T13:43:59Z দিব্য দত্ত 9244 605855 wikitext text/x-wiki {{unreferenced}} {{Infobox court case |name = হৰিশ ৰাণা বনাম ভাৰত চৰকাৰ |court = [[ভাৰতৰ উচ্চতম ন্যায়ালয়]] |date_decided = ১১ মাৰ্চ ২০২৬ |citations = Writ Petition (Civil) No. 1601/2026 (Hypothetical/Recent) |judges = বিশেষজ্ঞ বিচাৰপীঠ |keywords = পেচিভ ইউথেনেছিয়া, মৰ্যাদাৰে মৃত্যু, সংবিধানৰ ২১ নং অনুচ্ছেদ }} '''হৰিশ ৰাণা গোচৰ''' ভাৰতৰ আইনী বুৰঞ্জীত মৰ্যাদাৰে মৃত্যুৰ অধিকাৰ সম্পৰ্কীয় এক গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ মাইলৰ খুঁটি। এই গোচৰৰ জৰিয়তে [[ভাৰতৰ উচ্চতম ন্যায়ালয়|উচ্চতম ন্যায়ালয়ে]] এজন ৰোগীৰ সুস্থ হোৱাৰ সম্ভাৱনা নাথাকিলে তেওঁক যন্ত্ৰণাদায়ক কৃত্ৰিম জীৱনৰ পৰা মুক্তি দিয়াৰ দিশত এক মানৱীয় পদক্ষেপ গ্ৰহণ কৰে।<ref name="aljazeera">{{cite news |title=India's Supreme Court allows first-ever passive euthanasia death |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/3/11/indias-supreme-court-allows-first-ever-passive-euthanasia-death |publisher=[[Al Jazeera]] |date=11 March 2026}}</ref> == পটভূমি == হৰিশ ৰাণা এজন যুৱক আছিল যিয়ে ২০১৩ চনত এটা বহুতল ভৱনৰ পৰা পৰি মগজুত গভীৰ আঘাত পাইছিল।<ref name="distractify">{{cite news |title=India's Supreme Court Allows First-Ever Passive Euthanasia for Harish Rana — What Happened? |url=https://www.distractify.com/p/what-happened-to-harish-rana |publisher=Distractify |date=12 March 2026}}</ref> এই দুৰ্ঘটনাৰ পিছৰে পৰা তেওঁ প্ৰায় ১৩ বছৰ ধৰি 'পাৰচিষ্টেণ্ট ভেজিটেটিভ ষ্টেট' (Persistent Vegetative State) বা সম্পূৰ্ণ সচেতনতাহীন অৱস্থাত আছিল।<ref name="PVS_Medical">"Persistent Vegetative State and Ethics of Withdrawal of Life Support," Medical Journal of India, 2024.</ref> তেওঁৰ শৰীৰটো কেৱল ৰিফ্লেক্স ক্ৰিয়া আৰু কৃত্ৰিম পুষ্টিৰ সহায়ত জীয়াই আছিল। == আইনী ইতিহাস আৰু প্ৰসংগ == আদালতে এই গোচৰটো বিবেচনা কৰোঁতে তলৰ গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ আইনী নিদৰ্শনসমূহৰ সহায় লয়: # '''অৰুণা ৰামচন্দ্ৰ শ্বানবাগ বনাম ভাৰত চৰকাৰ (২০১১):''' এই গোচৰতে উচ্চতম ন্যায়ালয়ে প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে ভাৰতত 'পেচিভ ইউথেনেছিয়া'ৰ বাবে কঠোৰ নীতি-নিৰ্দেশনা জাৰি কৰিছিল।<ref name="Aruna_Case">Aruna Ramchandra Shanbaug v. Union of India, (2011) 4 SCC 454.</ref> # '''কমন কজ বনাম ভাৰত চৰকাৰ (২০১৮):''' পাঁচজনীয়া বিচাৰপীঠে ৰায় দিছিল যে সংবিধানৰ ২১ নং অনুচ্ছেদে প্ৰদান কৰা 'জীৱনৰ অধিকাৰ'ৰ ভিতৰত 'মৰ্যাদাৰে মৃত্যুৰ অধিকাৰো' এক অবিচ্ছেদ্য অংগ।<ref name="Common_Cause">Common Cause (A Regd. Society) v. Union of India, (2018) 5 SCC 1.</ref> == ২০২৬ চনৰ ৰায়দান == বিশেষজ্ঞ মেডিকেল বোৰ্ডৰ প্ৰতিবেদনৰ ভিত্তিত আদালতে ২০২৬ চনৰ ১১ মাৰ্চত হৰিশ ৰাণাৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত পেচিভ ইউথেনেছিয়া প্ৰয়োগৰ অনুমতি দিয়ে।<ref name="theweek">{{cite news |title=The right to a dignified goodbye: Supreme Court judgment allows passive euthanasia for Harish Rana |url=https://www.theweek.in/news/india/2026/03/11/euthanasia-laws-sc-implements-guidelines-calls-for-legislation.html |publisher=The Week |date=11 March 2026}}</ref> আদালতৰ মতে, যেতিয়া এজন ব্যক্তিৰ সুস্থ হোৱাৰ কোনো ক্লিনিকেল সম্ভাৱনা নাথাকে, তেতিয়া তেওঁক জোৰকৈ কৃত্ৰিম সহায়ত জীয়াই ৰখাটো তেওঁৰ মৰ্যাদাৰ অধিকাৰৰ উলংঘন।<ref name="Rana_Verdict">Supreme Court of India, Judgement on Harish Rana Case, March 11, 2026.</ref> == গুৰুত্ব == এই গোচৰটোৱে ভাৰতত 'লিভিং উইল' (Living Will) বা এজন ব্যক্তিয়ে আগতীয়াকৈ নিজৰ মৃত্যুৰ ইচ্ছা প্ৰকাশ কৰাৰ আইনী প্ৰক্ৰিয়াটোক অধিক সৰল কৰাত সহায় কৰে। ই চিকিৎসা বিজ্ঞানৰ নৈতিকতা (Medical Ethics) আৰু আইনী সুৰক্ষাৰ মাজত এক ভাৰসাম্য স্থাপন কৰে। == তথ্যসূত্ৰ == <references /> si5u0vex8crz5s1ey6wwu2c2pm8kebs 605858 605855 2026-05-11T13:47:44Z দিব্য দত্ত 9244 added [[Category:আইন]] using [[WP:HC|HotCat]] 605858 wikitext text/x-wiki {{unreferenced}} {{Infobox court case |name = হৰিশ ৰাণা বনাম ভাৰত চৰকাৰ |court = [[ভাৰতৰ উচ্চতম ন্যায়ালয়]] |date_decided = ১১ মাৰ্চ ২০২৬ |citations = Writ Petition (Civil) No. 1601/2026 (Hypothetical/Recent) |judges = বিশেষজ্ঞ বিচাৰপীঠ |keywords = পেচিভ ইউথেনেছিয়া, মৰ্যাদাৰে মৃত্যু, সংবিধানৰ ২১ নং অনুচ্ছেদ }} '''হৰিশ ৰাণা গোচৰ''' ভাৰতৰ আইনী বুৰঞ্জীত মৰ্যাদাৰে মৃত্যুৰ অধিকাৰ সম্পৰ্কীয় এক গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ মাইলৰ খুঁটি। এই গোচৰৰ জৰিয়তে [[ভাৰতৰ উচ্চতম ন্যায়ালয়|উচ্চতম ন্যায়ালয়ে]] এজন ৰোগীৰ সুস্থ হোৱাৰ সম্ভাৱনা নাথাকিলে তেওঁক যন্ত্ৰণাদায়ক কৃত্ৰিম জীৱনৰ পৰা মুক্তি দিয়াৰ দিশত এক মানৱীয় পদক্ষেপ গ্ৰহণ কৰে।<ref name="aljazeera">{{cite news |title=India's Supreme Court allows first-ever passive euthanasia death |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/3/11/indias-supreme-court-allows-first-ever-passive-euthanasia-death |publisher=[[Al Jazeera]] |date=11 March 2026}}</ref> == পটভূমি == হৰিশ ৰাণা এজন যুৱক আছিল যিয়ে ২০১৩ চনত এটা বহুতল ভৱনৰ পৰা পৰি মগজুত গভীৰ আঘাত পাইছিল।<ref name="distractify">{{cite news |title=India's Supreme Court Allows First-Ever Passive Euthanasia for Harish Rana — What Happened? |url=https://www.distractify.com/p/what-happened-to-harish-rana |publisher=Distractify |date=12 March 2026}}</ref> এই দুৰ্ঘটনাৰ পিছৰে পৰা তেওঁ প্ৰায় ১৩ বছৰ ধৰি 'পাৰচিষ্টেণ্ট ভেজিটেটিভ ষ্টেট' (Persistent Vegetative State) বা সম্পূৰ্ণ সচেতনতাহীন অৱস্থাত আছিল।<ref name="PVS_Medical">"Persistent Vegetative State and Ethics of Withdrawal of Life Support," Medical Journal of India, 2024.</ref> তেওঁৰ শৰীৰটো কেৱল ৰিফ্লেক্স ক্ৰিয়া আৰু কৃত্ৰিম পুষ্টিৰ সহায়ত জীয়াই আছিল। == আইনী ইতিহাস আৰু প্ৰসংগ == আদালতে এই গোচৰটো বিবেচনা কৰোঁতে তলৰ গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ আইনী নিদৰ্শনসমূহৰ সহায় লয়: # '''অৰুণা ৰামচন্দ্ৰ শ্বানবাগ বনাম ভাৰত চৰকাৰ (২০১১):''' এই গোচৰতে উচ্চতম ন্যায়ালয়ে প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে ভাৰতত 'পেচিভ ইউথেনেছিয়া'ৰ বাবে কঠোৰ নীতি-নিৰ্দেশনা জাৰি কৰিছিল।<ref name="Aruna_Case">Aruna Ramchandra Shanbaug v. Union of India, (2011) 4 SCC 454.</ref> # '''কমন কজ বনাম ভাৰত চৰকাৰ (২০১৮):''' পাঁচজনীয়া বিচাৰপীঠে ৰায় দিছিল যে সংবিধানৰ ২১ নং অনুচ্ছেদে প্ৰদান কৰা 'জীৱনৰ অধিকাৰ'ৰ ভিতৰত 'মৰ্যাদাৰে মৃত্যুৰ অধিকাৰো' এক অবিচ্ছেদ্য অংগ।<ref name="Common_Cause">Common Cause (A Regd. Society) v. Union of India, (2018) 5 SCC 1.</ref> == ২০২৬ চনৰ ৰায়দান == বিশেষজ্ঞ মেডিকেল বোৰ্ডৰ প্ৰতিবেদনৰ ভিত্তিত আদালতে ২০২৬ চনৰ ১১ মাৰ্চত হৰিশ ৰাণাৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত পেচিভ ইউথেনেছিয়া প্ৰয়োগৰ অনুমতি দিয়ে।<ref name="theweek">{{cite news |title=The right to a dignified goodbye: Supreme Court judgment allows passive euthanasia for Harish Rana |url=https://www.theweek.in/news/india/2026/03/11/euthanasia-laws-sc-implements-guidelines-calls-for-legislation.html |publisher=The Week |date=11 March 2026}}</ref> আদালতৰ মতে, যেতিয়া এজন ব্যক্তিৰ সুস্থ হোৱাৰ কোনো ক্লিনিকেল সম্ভাৱনা নাথাকে, তেতিয়া তেওঁক জোৰকৈ কৃত্ৰিম সহায়ত জীয়াই ৰখাটো তেওঁৰ মৰ্যাদাৰ অধিকাৰৰ উলংঘন।<ref name="Rana_Verdict">Supreme Court of India, Judgement on Harish Rana Case, March 11, 2026.</ref> == গুৰুত্ব == এই গোচৰটোৱে ভাৰতত 'লিভিং উইল' (Living Will) বা এজন ব্যক্তিয়ে আগতীয়াকৈ নিজৰ মৃত্যুৰ ইচ্ছা প্ৰকাশ কৰাৰ আইনী প্ৰক্ৰিয়াটোক অধিক সৰল কৰাত সহায় কৰে। ই চিকিৎসা বিজ্ঞানৰ নৈতিকতা (Medical Ethics) আৰু আইনী সুৰক্ষাৰ মাজত এক ভাৰসাম্য স্থাপন কৰে। == তথ্যসূত্ৰ == <references /> [[শ্ৰেণী:আইন]] kzm4xddbsytb5r71e7g2m3xgqgq1ars 0 133655 605946 596283 2026-05-12T08:11:54Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 605946 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = মড এপাট’ (Maude Apatow) | image = Maude Apatow at SXSW Red Carpet premiere of BLOCKERS (26876897268) (cropped) (cropped2).jpg | caption = ২০১৮ চনত এপাট’ | birth_name = মড এনবেল এপাট’ | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1997|12|15}} | birth_place = | occupation = অভিনেত্ৰী | years_active = ২০০৪–বৰ্তমান | spouse = | children = | mother = লেছলি মেন | father = জাড এপাট’ | relatives = আইৰিছ এপাট’ (ভগ্নী) }} '''মড এনবেল এপাট’''' ([[ইংৰাজী]]: Maude Annabelle Apatow; জন্ম: ১৫ ডিচেম্বৰ, ১৯৯৭)<ref name="UsWeekly2019">{{cite magazine|url= https://www.usmagazine.com/celebrity-moms/news/leslie-manns-daughter-iris-claps-back-after-mom-critiques-makeup/| title=Leslie Mann's Daughter Iris, 16, Claps Back After Mom Critiques Her Makeup on Instagram: 'A Text Would Have Been Nice'|first=Riley|last=Cardoza|magazine=Us Weekly|date=August 2, 2019|access-date=November 24, 2020|archive-date=November 2, 2019|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20191102223030/https://www.usmagazine.com/celebrity-moms/news/leslie-manns-daughter-iris-claps-back-after-mom-critiques-makeup/|url-status=live|quote=Mann and Apatow, 51 ... welcomed Maude and Iris in 1997 and 2002, respectively.}}</ref><ref name="NYTimes">{{cite news|url= https://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/26/fashion/maude-apatow-is-growing-up-writing.html|title=She's 14, Going on 140 Characters|first=Nicole|last=LaPorte|newspaper=The New York Times|date=August 24, 2012|access-date=November 24, 2020|archive-date=November 12, 2020|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20201112034136/http://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/26/fashion/maude-apatow-is-growing-up-writing.html|url-status=live|quote=...she is a 14-year-old [as of August 24, 2012]}}</ref> এগৰাকী আমেৰিকান অভিনেত্ৰী। তেওঁ এইচবিঅ’ ড্ৰামা ধাৰাবাহিক ''ইউফ’ৰিয়া'' (২০১৯–বৰ্তমান)-ত লেক্সি হাৱাৰ্ডৰ চৰিত্ৰত কৰা অভিনয়ৰ বাবে সৰ্বাধিক পৰিচিত। চলচ্চিত্ৰ নিৰ্মাতা জাড এপাট’ আৰু অভিনেত্ৰী লেছলি মেনৰ জ্যেষ্ঠ কন্যা এপাট’ৱে শিশু অভিনেত্ৰী হিচাপে তেওঁৰ দেউতাকৰ ছবি ''নকড আপ'' (২০০৭), ''ফানী পিপল'' (২০০৯) আৰু ''দিছ ইজ ৪০'' (২০১২)-ত তেওঁৰ মাকৰ চৰিত্ৰৰ কন্যাৰ চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰি নিজৰ কেৰিয়াৰ আৰম্ভ কৰিছিল। পৰৱৰ্তী সময়ত তেওঁৰ চলচ্চিত্ৰ চৰিত্ৰসমূহৰ ভিতৰত ''এচেচিনেশ্যন নেচন'' (২০১৮) আৰু ''দ্য কিং অৱ ষ্টেটেন আইলেণ্ড'' (২০২০) আদি উল্লেখযোগ্য। ইয়াৰ উপৰি তেওঁ নেটফ্লিক্সৰ মিনি ছিৰিজ ''হলিউড'' (২০২০)-তো অভিনয় কৰিছে। == প্ৰাৰম্ভিক আৰু ব্যক্তিগত জীৱন == এপাট’ৰ মাতৃ হৈছে অভিনেত্ৰী লেছলি মেন আৰু পিতৃ হৈছে পৰিচালক, প্ৰযোজক তথা চিত্ৰনাট্যকাৰ জাড এপাট’। তেওঁৰ পিতৃৰ পৰিয়াল ইহুদী ধৰ্মাৱলম্বী, আনহাতে তেওঁৰ মাতৃৰফালৰ আজী আইতাক ফিনিছ বংশোদ্ভৱ আছিল।<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://yle.fi/uutiset/cameron_diazin_tahdittamassa_komediassa_aitoa_suomalaista_sisua__videohaastattelu/7206746|title=Cameron Diazin tähdittämässä komediassa aitoa suomalaista sisua – videohaastattelu|website=Yle Uutiset|date=April 25, 2014 |language=fi|access-date=September 4, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140502223330/http://yle.fi/uutiset/cameron_diazin_tahdittamassa_komediassa_aitoa_suomalaista_sisua__videohaastattelu/7206746|archive-date=May 2, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> তেওঁৰ আইৰিছ এপাট’ নামৰ এগৰাকী কনিষ্ঠ ভগ্নী আছে, যি নিজেও এগৰাকী অভিনেত্ৰী।<ref name="NYTimes" /> তেওঁ কেলিফৰ্ণিয়াৰ ছাণ্টা মনিকাৰ এখন ব্যক্তিগত বিদ্যালয় ক্ৰছৰোডছ স্কুলত পঢ়া-শুনা কৰিছিল।<ref>{{Cite news|title=Music is Medicine|newspaper=The Argonaut|url=https://argonautnews.com/music-is-medicine/|access-date=June 22, 2020|location=Los Angeles County|archive-date=June 24, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200624181943/https://argonautnews.com/music-is-medicine/|url-status=dead|archivedate=June 24, 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200624181943/https://argonautnews.com/music-is-medicine/|deadurl=yes}}</ref> মডে মিছিগানৰ ইণ্টাৰলোচেন আৰ্টছ কেম্পতো অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰিছিল। হাইস্কুলত পঢ়ি থকা সময়ত এপাট’ৱে ''কেবাৰেট'' আৰু ''ইণ্টু দ্য উডছ''ৰ দৰে সংগীত প্ৰধান নাটকত অভিনয় কৰিছিল। তেওঁ ইলিনয়ৰ ইভানষ্টনত অৱস্থিত নৰ্থৱেষ্টাৰ্ণ ইউনিভাৰ্চিটিত থিয়েটাৰ অধ্যয়ন কৰিছিল, কিন্তু দ্বিতীয় বৰ্ষৰ পিছতে আধাতে পঢ়া এৰি দিয়ে।<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.vanityfair.com/style/2019/06/maude-apatow-caught-the-acting-bug-from-musicals|title=Maude Apatow Caught the Acting Bug From Musicals|magazine=Vanity Fair|last1=Hennemuth|first1=Britt|last2=Kim|first2=Sebastian|date=June 28, 2019|access-date=August 7, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190723015832/https://www.vanityfair.com/style/2019/06/maude-apatow-caught-the-acting-bug-from-musicals|archive-date=July 23, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/entertainment/tv/ct-ent-maude-apatow-northwestern-20181213-story.html|title=Actress Leslie Mann says daughter dropped out of Northwestern because 'it was really hard being in the cold'|newspaper=Chicago Tribune|last=Swartz|first=Tracy|date=December 12, 2019|access-date=August 7, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190808014946/https://www.chicagotribune.com/entertainment/tv/ct-ent-maude-apatow-northwestern-20181213-story.html|archive-date=August 8, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> ২০২৪ চনৰ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী মাহৰ তথ্য অনুসৰি এপাট’ৱে ৱেষ্ট ভিলেজত বসবাস কৰে।<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Martin|first=Hannah|title=Inside Maude Apatow's Relaxing Haven in NYC|date=February 8, 2024|magazine=Architectural Digest|url=https://www.architecturaldigest.com/gallery/inside-maude-apatows-relaxing-haven-in-nyc#:~:text=It's%20been%20my%20dream%20since,very%20own%20West%20Village%20apartment.|accessdate=February 17, 2024}}</ref> ২০২৪ চনৰ আৰম্ভণিৰপৰাই এপাট’ আইৰিছ অভিনেতা পেট্ৰিক গিবছনৰ সৈতে প্ৰেমৰ সম্পৰ্কত আছে।<ref>{{cite web|last=Moore|first=Julia|url=https://people.com/dexter-original-sin-star-patrick-gibson-celebrates-girlfriend-maude-apatows-birthday-8762297|title=Dexter: Original Sin Star Patrick Gibson Celebrates Girlfriend Maude Apatow's 27th Birthday: 'Love You More Every Day'|website=People Magazine|date=December 16, 2024|access-date=December 16, 2024}}</ref> == কৰ্মজীৱন == === ২০০৫–২০১৫: কৰ্মজীৱনৰ আৰম্ভণি আৰু কমেডী ছবি === এপাট’ৱে সাত বছৰ বয়সৰপৰাই অভিনয় আৰম্ভ কৰিছিল। তেওঁৰ পিতৃ জাড এপাট’ৰ ২০০৫ চনৰ কমেডী ছবি ''দ্য ৪০-য়েৰ-অ'ল্ড ভাৰ্জিন''ত এটা চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰিছিল, যদিও তেওঁৰ দৃশ্যসমূহ শেষ মুহূৰ্তত ছবিখনৰপৰা বাদ দিয়া হৈছিল।<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/tv/tv-news/leslie-mann-reveals-husband-judd-12218772|title=Leslie Mann reveals she and husband Judd Apatow CUT their daughter out of The 40 Year Old Virgin on Lorraine|newspaper=Daily Mirror|last=Desborough|first=Jenny|date=March 20, 2018|access-date=August 7, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190810013003/https://www.mirror.co.uk/tv/tv-news/leslie-mann-reveals-husband-judd-12218772|archive-date=August 10, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> ইয়াৰ পিছত তেওঁ ২০০৭ চনৰ ছবি ''নকড আপ''ত অভিনয় কৰে, যিখন তেওঁৰ পিতৃয়েই লিখা, প্ৰযোজনা আৰু পৰিচালনা কৰিছিল। তেওঁ আৰু তেওঁৰ কনিষ্ঠ ভগ্নী আইৰিছ এপাট’ৱে ক্ৰমে চেডী আৰু চাৰ্লটৰ চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰিছিল, যিসকল আছিল বাস্তৱ জীৱনৰ মাতৃ লেছলি মেনৰ চৰিত্ৰৰ দুই কন্যা।<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.seventeen.com/celebrity/news/a32416/the-little-sisters-from-knocked-up-are-all-grown-up-you-have-to-see-what-they-look-like-now/|title=The Little Sisters from 'Knocked Up' Are All Grown Up — You Have to See What They Look Like Now!|magazine=Seventeen|last=Rosa|first=Jelani Addams|date=July 16, 2015|access-date=August 11, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190812042643/https://www.seventeen.com/celebrity/news/a32416/the-little-sisters-from-knocked-up-are-all-grown-up-you-have-to-see-what-they-look-like-now/|archive-date=August 12, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> তেওঁ পুনৰ ভগ্নীৰ সৈতে তেওঁৰ পিতৃৰ ২০০৯ চনৰ ছবি ''ফানী পিপল''ত মেনৰ চৰিত্ৰৰ কন্যা মেবল হিচাপে অভিনয় কৰে।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.popsugar.com/entertainment/Who-Plays-Lexi-Euphoria-46285531|title=This Euphoria Actress Has 1 Very, Very Famous Family|publisher=PopSugar|last=Flynn|first=Caitlin|date=June 19, 2019|access-date=August 11, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190812042643/https://www.popsugar.com/entertainment/Who-Plays-Lexi-Euphoria-46285531|archive-date=August 12, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> ২০১২ চনৰ স্পিন-অফ ছিকুৱেল ''দিছ ইজ ৪০''-ত এপাট’ৱে পুনৰ চেডীৰ চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰে, য’ত মেন আৰু পল ৰাডৰ চৰিত্ৰই মুখ্য ভূমিকা পালন কৰিছিল।<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/live-feed/judd-apatow-casting-daughters-maude-393408|title=Judd Apatow on Casting His Daughters and Their Dramatic Onscreen Arguments|magazine=The Hollywood Reporter|last=Zakarin|first=Jordan|date=November 20, 2012|access-date=April 28, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180619041325/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/live-feed/judd-apatow-casting-daughters-maude-393408|archive-date=June 19, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> ছবিখনত চেডীৰ চৰিত্ৰত কৰা অভিনয়ৰ বাবে এপাট’ ২০১২ চনৰ ফিনিক্স ফিল্ম ক্ৰিটিকছ ছচাইটিৰ শ্ৰেষ্ঠ যুৱ অভিনেত্ৰী বঁটাৰ বাবে আৰু ২০১৩ চনৰ ইয়ং আৰ্টিষ্ট বঁটাৰ বাবে মনোনীত হৈছিল।<ref name="PFCSA">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.indiewire.com/2012/12/les-miserables-leads-phoenix-film-critics-nominations-42519/|title='Les Miserables' Leads Phoenix Film Critics Nominations|magazine=IndieWire|last=Knegt|first=Peter |date=December 12, 2012|access-date=August 14, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180820111719/https://www.indiewire.com/2012/12/les-miserables-leads-phoenix-film-critics-nominations-42519/|archive-date=August 20, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="YAA">{{cite web|url=http://www.youngartistawards.org/noms34.html|title=34th Annual Young Artist Awards|publisher=Young Artist Awards|access-date=August 14, 2019|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130403013454/http://www.youngartistawards.org/noms34.html|archive-date=April 3, 2013}}</ref> টুইটাৰত যোগদান কৰাৰ পাছত এপাট’ৰ বৃহৎসংখ্যক অনলাইন অনুগামী সৃষ্টি হোৱা দেখা গৈছিল। এই জনপ্ৰিয়তাই তেওঁক জুয়ী দেশ্চানেলৰ ৱেবছাইট হেল’গিগলছত এগৰাকী লেখিকা আৰু সাক্ষাৎকাৰ গ্ৰহণকাৰী হিচাপে কাম কৰাত সহায় কৰিছিল।<ref name="NYTimes" /><ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.teenvogue.com/entertainment/2012-11/maude-apatow/?slide=1|title=Maude Apatow Explains How Twitter Changed Her Life|magazine=Teen Vogue|last=Lewis|first=Victoria|date=November 21, 2012|access-date=April 28, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140429080125/http://www.teenvogue.com/entertainment/2012-11/maude-apatow/?slide=1|archive-date=April 29, 2014|url-status=live|archivedate=April 29, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140429080125/http://www.teenvogue.com/entertainment/2012-11/maude-apatow/?slide=1|deadurl=yes}}</ref> এই চাইটটোত কৰা তেওঁৰ কামৰ লগতে তেওঁৰ অভিনয় ভূমিকাসমূহে তেওঁক ২০১২ চনৰ ফ’ৰ্বছৰ ৩০ অনূৰ্ধ্ব ৩০ তালিকাত স্থান দিছিল।<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.forbes.com/special-report/2012/30-under-30/30-under-30.html|title=30 Under 30: Entertainment|magazine=Forbes|last1=Howard|first1=Caroline|last2=Noer|first2=Michael|date=December 17, 2012|access-date=April 28, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140427231908/http://www.forbes.com/special-report/2012/30-under-30/30-under-30.html|archive-date=April 27, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> এপাট’ৰ টুইটাৰ একাউণ্টটোক টাইম আলোচনীয়ে "২০১৩ চনৰ শ্ৰেষ্ঠ টুইটাৰ একাউণ্ট"সমূহৰ অন্যতম হিচাপে নামকৰণ কৰিছিল।<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://techland.time.com/2013/03/25/140-best-twitter-feeds-of-2013/slide/maude-apatow/|title=The 140 Best Twitter Feeds of 2013|magazine=Time|last=Lombard|first=Amy|date=March 20, 2013|access-date=April 28, 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140724112133/http://techland.time.com/2013/03/25/140-best-twitter-feeds-of-2013/slide/maude-apatow/|archive-date=July 24, 2014|archivedate=July 24, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140724112133/http://techland.time.com/2013/03/25/140-best-twitter-feeds-of-2013/slide/maude-apatow/|deadurl=yes}}</ref> ২০১৫ চনত এপাট’ৱে ''পিট্ছ পাৰফেক্ট ২'' ছবিত দৰ্শকৰ চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰিছিল।<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.etonline.com/movies/209097_exclusive_leslie_mann_on_the_best_hollywood_advice_she_given_her_daughter|title=EXCLUSIVE: Leslie Mann on the Best Hollywood Advice She's Given Her Daughter and Working With Robert De Niro|work=Entertainment Tonight|last=Tailor|first=Leena|date=January 31, 2017|access-date=August 14, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190815044527/https://www.etonline.com/movies/209097_exclusive_leslie_mann_on_the_best_hollywood_advice_she_given_her_daughter|archive-date=August 15, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> একে বছৰতে তেওঁ এইচবিঅ’ কমেডী ধাৰাবাহিক ''গাৰ্লছ''ৰ চতুৰ্থ ছিজনত ক্লিঅ’ৰ চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰিছিল। এই ধাৰাবাহিকখনৰ তেওঁ মুঠ তিনিটা খণ্ডত অভিনয় কৰে, যাৰ কাৰ্যবাহী প্ৰযোজক আছিল তেওঁৰ পিতৃ।<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://tvline.com/2014/07/23/maude-apatow-girls-season-4-cast-spoilers/|title=Girls Scoop: Judd Apatow's Daughter Guest-Starring in Season 4|magazine=TVLine|last=Swift|first=Andy|date=July 23, 2014|access-date=August 14, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190815044527/https://tvline.com/2014/07/23/maude-apatow-girls-season-4-cast-spoilers/|archive-date=August 15, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> === ২০১৫–বৰ্তমান: ইউফ’ৰিয়া আৰু মঞ্চলৈ আগমন === এপাট’ৱে ২০১৬ চনৰ কমেডী-ড্ৰামা ছবি ''আদাৰ পিপল''ত আলেকজান্দ্ৰা মূলকাহী হিচাপে অভিনয় কৰিছিল। পিতৃ জড়িত নথকা কোনো ছবিত এয়া আছিল তেওঁৰ প্ৰথম ডাঙৰ চৰিত্ৰ।<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/envelope/la-en-mn-molly-shannon-20161110-story.html|title=Death is complicated, says Molly Shannon, who finds its nuances in 'Other People'|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|last=Ellwood|first=Gregory|date=November 10, 2016|access-date=August 14, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190815044525/https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/envelope/la-en-mn-molly-shannon-20161110-story.html|archive-date=August 15, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.instyle.com/news/judd-apatow-doting-dad-2016-sundance-festival|title=Judd Apatow Is the Most Doting Dad at Sundance 2016|magazine=InStyle|last=Clott Kanter|first=Sharon|date=January 22, 2016|access-date=August 14, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190815044528/https://www.instyle.com/news/j}}</ref> === ২০১৫–বৰ্তমান: ইউফ’ৰিয়া আৰু মঞ্চলৈ আগমন === এপাট’ৱে ২০১৬ চনৰ কমেডী-ড্ৰামা ছবি ''আদাৰ পিপল''ত আলেকজান্দ্ৰা মূলকাহী হিচাপে অভিনয় কৰিছিল। পিতৃ জড়িত নথকা কোনো ছবিত এয়া আছিল তেওঁৰ প্ৰথম ডাঙৰ চৰিত্ৰ।<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/envelope/la-en-mn-molly-shannon-20161110-story.html|title=Death is complicated, says Molly Shannon, who finds its nuances in 'Other People'|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|last=Ellwood|first=Gregory|date=November 10, 2016|access-date=August 14, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190815044525/https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/envelope/la-en-mn-molly-shannon-20161110-story.html|archive-date=August 15, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.instyle.com/news/judd-apatow-doting-dad-2016-sundance-festival|title=Judd Apatow Is the Most Doting Dad at Sundance 2016|magazine=InStyle|last=Clott Kanter|first=Sharon|date=January 22, 2016|access-date=August 14, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190815044528/https://www.instyle.com/news/judd-apatow-doting-dad-2016-sundance-festival|archive-date=August 15, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.eonline.com/news/733576/judd-apatow-s-daughter-maude-17-is-all-grown-up-brings-dad-to-2016-sundance-film-festival|title=Judd Apatow's Daughter Maude, 17, Is All Grown Up, Brings Dad to 2016 Sundance Film Festival|publisher=E! News|last=Heller|first=Corinne|date=January 23, 2016|access-date=August 14, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190815044528/https://www.eonline.com/news/733576/judd-apatow-s-daughter-maude-17-is-all-grown-up-brings-dad-to-2016-sundance-film-festival|archive-date=August 15, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> ২০১৭ চনত তেওঁ ''দ্য হাউচ অৱ টুমৰ’'' নামৰ ছবিখনত মেৰেডিথ হুইটকম্বৰ চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰে আৰু চুটি ছবি ''ড’ণ্ট মাইণ্ডেলিছ''ৰ জৰিয়তে পৰিচালক হিচাপে আত্মপ্ৰকাশ কৰে। এই ছবিখন তেওঁ অলিভিয়া ৰোজেনব্লুমৰ সৈতে যুটীয়াভাৱে লিখাৰ লগতে পৰিচালনাও কৰিছিল।<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.thewrap.com/the-house-of-tomorrow-film-review-asa-butterfield/|title='The House of Tomorrow' Film Review: Wry, Heartfelt Coming-of-Age Indie Mixes Buckminster Fuller and Punk|magazine=TheWrap|last=Abele|first=Robert|date=April 20, 2018|access-date=August 14, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190815073133/https://www.thewrap.com/the-house-of-tomorrow-film-review-asa-butterfield/|archive-date=August 15, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url= https://www.etonline.com/judd-apatow-sweetly-gushes-over-daughter-maude-as-she-makes-directorial-debut-96170|title=Judd Apatow Sweetly Gushes Over Daughter Maude as She Makes Directorial Debut|work=Entertainment Tonight|last=Calvario|first=Liz|date=February 9, 2018|access-date=August 14, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190815044527/https://www.etonline.com/judd-apatow-sweetly-gushes-over-daughter-maude-as-she-makes-directorial-debut-96170|archive-date=August 15, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> পৰৱৰ্তী বছৰ অৰ্থাৎ ২০১৮ চনত এপাট’ৱে ''এচেচিনেশ্যন নেচন'' নামৰ ছবিখনত গ্ৰেচ হিচাপে অভিনয় কৰিছিল।<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://variety.com/2017/film/news/assassination-nation-bella-thorne-maude-apatow-joel-mchale-1201999863/|title=Bella Thorne, Maude Apatow, Joel McHale Join Thriller 'Assassination Nation'|magazine=Variety|last=McNary|first=Dave|date=March 1, 2017|access-date=October 8, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171008130735/http://variety.com/2017/film/news/assassination-nation-bella-thorne-maude-apatow-joel-mchale-1201999863/|archive-date=October 8, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.wmagazine.com/story/assassination-nation-cast-explainer-odessa-young|title=A Complete Guide To the Cast of Assassination Nation|magazine=W|last=Marine|first=Brooke|date=September 22, 2018|access-date=August 15, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190816035649/https://www.wmagazine.com/story/assassination-nation-cast-explainer-odessa-young|archive-date=August 16, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> ছবিখনৰ পৰিচালক চেম লেভিনছনে পৰৱৰ্তী সময়ত এপাট’ক ২০১৯ চনত আৰম্ভ হোৱা তেওঁৰ এইচবিঅ’ৰ কিশোৰ ড্ৰামা ধাৰাবাহিক ''ইউফ’ৰিয়া''ত এজন নিয়মীয়া শিল্পী হিচাপে নিযুক্তি দিয়ে। এই ধাৰাবাহিকখনত তেওঁ লেক্সি হাৱাৰ্ডৰ চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰিছে, যিটো চৰিত্ৰ লেভিনছনে বিশেষকৈ এপাট’ৰ বাবে লিখিছিল।<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.indiewire.com/2019/07/euphoria-casting-directors-discover-zendaya-angus-cloud-hunter-schafer-new-stars-1202161635/|title='Euphoria': How the Casting Directors Discovered So Many Blazing Breakout Talents|magazine=IndieWire|last=Thompson|first=Anne|date=July 30, 2019|access-date=August 15, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190816035650/https://www.indiewire.com/2019/07/euphoria-casting-directors-discover-zendaya-angus-cloud-hunter-schafer-new-stars-1202161635/|archive-date=August 16, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://collider.com/euphoria-storm-reid-maude-apatow-interview/|title='Euphoria': Storm Reid and Maude Apatow on Season 1's Lesson in Empathy|magazine=Collider|last=Radish|first=Christina|date=August 8, 2019|access-date=August 15, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190816035652/http://collider.com/euphoria-storm-reid-maude-apatow-interview/|archive-date=August 16, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> ২০২০ চনত তেওঁ পিতৃৰ কমেডী-ড্ৰামা ছবি ''দ্য কিং অৱ ষ্টেটেন আইলেণ্ড''ত পিট ডেভিডছনৰ চৰিত্ৰৰ ভগ্নী হিচাপে অভিনয় কৰিছিল।<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/maude-apatow-joins-pete-davidson-judd-apatow-comedy-1205947|title=Maude Apatow Joins Pete Davidson in Universal Comedy|magazine=The Hollywood Reporter|last=Galuppo|first=Mia|date=April 30, 2019|access-date=August 14, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190430193753/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/maude-apatow-joins-pete-davidson-judd-apatow-comedy-1205947|archive-date=April 30, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> ২০২২ চনত মেৰিয়াম ডেৰাডজীৰদ্বাৰা প্ৰচাৰিত এটা ভাইৰেল ছ’চিয়েল মিডিয়া পোষ্টত এপাট’ক মনোৰঞ্জন উদ্যোগত থকা তেওঁৰ পাৰিবাৰিক সংযোগৰ বাবে "নেপো বেবী" বুলি অভিহিত কৰা হৈছিল।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.sky.com/story/what-is-a-nepo-baby-and-what-do-celebrities-have-to-say-about-being-labelled-one-12776329|title=What is a 'nepo baby', and what do celebrities have to say about being labelled one?|first=Josephine|last=Franks|work=Sky News|date=30 December 2022|accessdate=4 February 2023|archive-date=March 23, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323060136/https://news.sky.com/story/what-is-a-nepo-baby-and-what-do-celebrities-have-to-say-about-being-labelled-one-12776329|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2022/dec/22/nepo-babies-what-are-they-and-why-is-gen-z-only-just-discovering-them|title=Nepo babies: what are they and why is Gen Z only just discovering them?|first=Alyx|last=Gorman|work=The Guardian|date=22 December 2022|accessdate=4 February 2023|archive-date=March 21, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321014000/http://www.theguardian.com/culture/2022/dec/22/nepo-babies-what-are-they-and-why-is-gen-z-only-just-discovering-them|url-status=live}}</ref> ইয়াৰ ফলত টিকটকত 'নেপো বেবী' শব্দটো অধিক চৰ্চালৈ আহে, য’ত ব্যৱহাৰকাৰীসকলে অনুৰূপ পটভূমিৰ বহুতো চেলিব্ৰিটিক আঙুলিয়াই দিয়ে।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vulture.com/article/what-is-a-nepotism-baby.html|title=How a Nepo Baby Is Born|first=Nate|last=Jones|work=Vulture|date=19 December 2022|accessdate=4 February 2023|archive-date=February 2, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202053737/https://www.vulture.com/article/what-is-a-nepotism-baby.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Gorman |first=Alyx |date=2022-12-22 |title=Nepo babies: what are they and why is Gen Z only just discovering them? |url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2022/dec/22/nepo-babies-what-are-they-and-why-is-gen-z-only-just-discovering-them |website=The Guardian}}</ref> ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== {{Reflist}} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== * {{commons category-inline|Maude Apatow}} * {{IMDb name|nm2654829}} [[শ্ৰেণী:আমেৰিকান অভিনয় শিল্পী]] cmuudbcyadpcbv6ww96n69xyos45izx 0 134060 605875 589751 2026-05-11T15:55:56Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 605875 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = পামেলা এম্বোঅ’ | image = Tom Mboya honeymoon Tel Aviv 1962.jpg | caption = টম এম্বোঅ’ৰ সৈতে হানিমুনত পামেলা, ১৯৬২ | birth_name = পামেলা অদেদে | birth_date = ১৯৩৮ | birth_place = মাচেনো, কেনিয়া | death_date = ২৬ জানুৱাৰী ২০০৯ | death_place = দক্ষিণ আফ্ৰিকা | alma_mater = মাকেৰেৰে বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়; ওয়েষ্টাৰ্ণ কলেজ ফৰ ওমেন | occupation = ৰাজনৈতিক কৰ্মী, কূটনীতিবিদ, শিক্ষাবিদ | spouse = টম এম্বোঅ’ (m. ১৯৬২–১৯৬৯) | children = ৬ (including Maureen Odero and Susan Mboya) | known_for = ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ হেবিটেটত কেনিয়াৰ স্থায়ী প্ৰতিনিধি; ৰাজনৈতিক সক্ৰিয়তা; টম এম্বোঅ’ৰ বিধৱা | awards = }} '''পামেলা এম্বোঅ’''' (১৯৩৮ – ২৬ জানুৱাৰী ২০০৯) কেনিয়াৰ এগৰাকী ৰাজনৈতিক কৰ্মী আৰু কূটনীতিবিদ আছিল আৰু কেনিয়াৰ ট্ৰেড ইউনিয়নবাদী, শিক্ষাবিদ, পান আফ্ৰিকানবাদী, লেখক, স্বাধীনতা কৰ্মী, কেবিনেট মন্ত্ৰী আৰু কেনিয়া গণৰাজ্যৰ অন্যতম প্ৰতিষ্ঠাপক পিতৃ টম এম্বোঅ’ৰ পত্নী আছিল। ==প্ৰাথমিক জীৱন আৰু শিক্ষা== পামেলা ওডেডেৰ জন্ম হৈছিল ভিক্টোৰিয়া হ্ৰদৰ ওচৰৰ মাচেনোত। তেওঁৰ পিতৃ ৱালটাৰ অডেডে এজন ৰাজনীতিবিদ আছিল। ১৯৫৭ চনৰপৰা ১৯৫৯ চনলৈকে মাকেৰেৰে বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ত শিল্প অধ্যয়ন কৰে। ১৯৫৯ চনত কেনেডি এয়াৰলিফ্টৰ হিতাধিকাৰী আছিল পামেলা। তেওঁ অহাইঅ'ৰ অক্সফৰ্ডৰ ৱেষ্টাৰ্ণ কলেজ ফৰ উইমেনৰপৰা সমাজবিজ্ঞানত স্নাতক ডিগ্ৰী লাভ কৰে।<ref>David Goldsworthy, [https://books.google.com/books?id=i4QEprESUd4C&q=Pamela&pg=PA93 ''Tom Mboya: the Man Kenya Wanted to Forget''] (Heinemann 1982): 93, 120. ISBN</ref> ==কেৰিয়াৰ== ১৯৬২ চনত পামেলা ওডেডে থমাছ এম্বোঅ’ক বিয়া কৰায়, ৰোমান কেথলিক ধৰ্মৰ এখন বৃহৎ বিয়াত।<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=X9cDAAAAMBAJ&dq=Africa%27s+No.+1+Bachelor&pg=PA25 "Africa's No. 1 Bachelor Takes a Bride"] ''Ebony'' (April 1962): 25-32.</ref> ১৯৬৯ চনৰ ৫ জুলাইত তেওঁক হত্যা কৰাৰ পৰা তেওঁ বিধৱা হৈছিল। পামেলা এম্বোঅ’ৰ ছবি এগৰাকী গ্লেমাৰাছ কইনা হিচাপে, আৰু শোকত ভাগি পৰা এগৰাকী যুৱতী বিধৱা হিচাপে কেনিয়াৰ অশান্ত ১৯৬০ আৰু ১৯৭০ চনৰ দশকত আইকনিক হৈ পৰিছিল; আনকি তেওঁৰ প্ৰভাৱৰ পিছত "পামেলা" নামটো কেনিয়াৰ ছোৱালীৰ বাবেও ট্ৰেণ্ডি হৈ পৰিছিল।<ref name="Ombuor">Joe Ambuor, [http://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/1144005843/final-journey-of-an-icon-tribute-to-pamela-mboya "Final Journey of an Icon, Tribute to Pamela Mboya,"] ''Standard Media'' (5 February 2009).</ref> পামেলা এম্বোঅ’ক আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় দৰ্শনাৰ্থীৰ সৈতে পৰিচাৰিকা হিচাপে সঘনাই ফটো তোলা হৈছিল: তেওঁৰ বিবাহৰ সময়ত তেওঁ ১৯৬৪ চনত কেনিয়াৰ স্বাধীনতা উদ্‌যাপনৰ বাবে ৰাজকুমাৰ ফিলিপৰ সৈতে নাচিছিল; বিধৱা হোৱাৰ পিছত তেওঁ ক'ৰেটা স্কট কিং আৰু হত্যাৰ ফলত ক্ষতিগ্ৰস্ত হোৱা অন্যান্য লোকসকলৰ সৈতে ভ্ৰমণ কৰে।<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/7056589/pamela_mboya_dancing_with_prince_philip/ "Light Fantastic"] ''Pittsburgh Courier'' (4 January 1964): 9. via [[Newspapers.com]]{{open access}}</ref><ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/7056754/coretta_scott_king_pamela_mboya_and/ "Widow Says Investigation into Slaying Should be Reopened"] ''Evening Independent'' (28 November 1975): 1. via [[Newspapers.com]]{{open access}}</ref> ১৯৮০ চনত ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ বাসস্থানত কেনিয়াৰ স্থায়ী প্ৰতিনিধি আছিল পামেলা এম্বোঅ’। তেওঁ হেল্পএজ কেনিয়াৰ অধ্যক্ষ আছিল, আৰু কেনিয়াৰ মহিলা ৰাজনৈতিক ককাছৰ সদস্য আছিল।<ref>[http://mirror.unhabitat.org/content.asp?cid=6171&catid=206&typeid=6 "Pamela Mboya, former Kenyan permanent representative dies"]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} UN-Habitat (29 January 2009).</ref> ==ব্যক্তিগত জীৱন== পামেলা আৰু টম এম্বোঅ’ৰ একেলগে পাঁচটা সন্তান জন্ম হৈছিল, ইয়াৰে এজনৰ মৃত্যু হৈছিল সৰুতে। বিধৱা হোৱাৰ পিছত লুও পৰম্পৰা অনুসৰি তেওঁৰ ভায়েকৰ সৈতে আন এজন পুত্ৰ জন্ম হয়, যাক তেওঁৰ সন্মানত টম এম্বোঅ’ জুনিয়ৰ নাম দিছিল। ২০০৯ চনত দক্ষিণ আফ্ৰিকাত ৭০ বছৰ বয়সত ডিম্বাশয়ৰ কৰ্কট ৰোগত আক্ৰান্ত হৈ পামেলা এম্বোঅ’ৰ মৃত্যু হয়।<ref>Peter Opiyo and Maina Muiruri, [http://www.standardmedia.co.ke/business/article/1144005061/pamela-mboya-s-widow-dies-in-s-africa "Pamela, Mboya's Widow, Dies in S. Africa"] ''Standard Media Digital'' (27 January 2009).</ref> তেওঁৰ কন্যা মৌৰিন অডেৰো কেনিয়াৰ উচ্চ ন্যায়ালয়ৰ ন্যায়াধীশ, আৰু কন্যা চুছান এম্বোঅ’ কোকাকোলা আফ্ৰিকা ফাউণ্ডেশ্যনৰ তাৎক্ষণিক প্ৰাক্তন সভানেত্ৰী আৰু নাইৰোবি চিটি কাউণ্টিৰ প্ৰাক্তন গৱৰ্ণৰ ইভান্স কিডেৰোৰ পত্নী।<ref>[http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1329748/dr-susan-mboya-kidero-appointed-president-coca-cola-africa-foundation "Dr. Susan Mboya Kidero Appointed President of the Coca-Cola Africa Foundation"] ''New Vision'' (22 August 2013).</ref> ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== [[শ্ৰেণী:কেনিয়াৰ ব্যক্তি]] [[শ্ৰেণী:মহিলা ৰাজনীতিবিদ]] [[শ্ৰেণী:মহিলা কূটনীতিবিদ]] mkimkowqclkqn7l19e4emo2sc5ycxqx 0 134124 605923 602534 2026-05-12T01:00:53Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 605923 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox sexuality | title = বিভাজিত আকৰ্ষণ আৰ্হি | image = A spec compass.svg | caption = অৰোমাণ্টিক আৰু অযৌন বৰ্ণালীৰ এক সৰলীকৃত চিত্ৰ | definition = আনৰ প্ৰতি থকা ৰোমাণ্টিক আকৰ্ষণ আৰু যৌন আকৰ্ষণৰ মাজৰ ভিন্নতা | abbreviations = SAM }} '''বিভাজিত আকৰ্ষণ আৰ্হি''' ([[ইংৰাজী]]: Split attraction model; চমুকৈ SAM) হ’ল [[মনোবিজ্ঞান]]ৰ এক আৰ্হি যিয়ে এজন ব্যক্তিৰ ৰোমাণ্টিক আকৰ্ষণ আৰু যৌন আকৰ্ষণৰ মাজত পাৰ্থক্য দেখুৱায়, যাৰ ফলত এই দুই প্ৰকাৰৰ আকৰ্ষণ ইটোৰ পৰা সিটো পৃথক হ’ব পাৰে।<ref name=":1">{{cite web|url=https://www.glaad.org/amp/ace-guide-finding-your-community|title=explore the spectrum: guide to finding your ace community|publisher=GLAAD|website=glaad.org|date=27 October 2018|access-date=9 April 2023|archive-date=1 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801045947/https://www.glaad.org/amp/ace-guide-finding-your-community|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gsrc.princeton.edu/split-attraction|title=Split Attraction Model|website=Princeton Gender + Sexuality Resource Center|access-date=November 3, 2021|archive-date=November 3, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211103095834/https://www.gsrc.princeton.edu/split-attraction|url-status=live|archivedate=November 3, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211103095834/https://www.gsrc.princeton.edu/split-attraction|deadurl=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://lgbtqa.unl.edu/gender-and-sexuality-terms|title=Gender and Sexuality Terms|website=University of Nebraska LGBTQA+ Center|access-date=9 April 2023|archive-date=9 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230409212151/https://lgbtqa.unl.edu/gender-and-sexuality-terms|url-status=live|archivedate=9 April 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230409212151/https://lgbtqa.unl.edu/gender-and-sexuality-terms|deadurl=yes}}</ref> == ইতিহাস আৰু পৰিচয় == বিভাজিত আকৰ্ষণক বিবেচনা কৰা অভিমুখিতাৰ প্ৰথম লিপিবদ্ধ ধাৰণা ১৮৭৯ চনত [[জাৰ্মান]] লেখক কাৰ্ল হাইনৰিখ উলৰিখছে আগবঢ়াইছিল। তেওঁ অ-বিষমকামী আকৰ্ষণৰ ওপৰত ১২খন গ্ৰন্থ প্ৰকাশ কৰিছিল। এই পুথিবোৰত উলৰিখছে আধুনিক LGBTQIA+ পৰিচয়ৰ সৈতে যথেষ্ট মিল থকা কেইবাটাও শ্ৰেণীবিভাজন আগবঢ়াইছিল। তেওঁৰ কামৰ ভিতৰত তেওঁ এনে কিছুমান লোকৰ বৰ্ণনা কৰিছিল যাৰ একে লিংগৰ লোকৰ প্ৰতি কোমল অনুভৱ থাকে, কিন্তু বিপৰীত লিংগৰ লোকৰ প্ৰতি 'প্ৰেমৰ' অনুভৱ থাকে— যাক বৰ্তমানৰ ভাষাত হেটেৰ’ৰোমাণ্টিক [[সমকামী]] (heteroromantic homosexual) বুলি ক’ব পৰা যায়। অৱশ্যে জটিলতাৰ বাবে উলৰিখছৰ এই আৰ্হিটো সেই সময়ত জনপ্ৰিয় হোৱা নাছিল।<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-04-06 |title=Split Attraction Model (A Guide) {{!}} OptimistMinds |url=https://optimistminds.com/split-attraction-model/ |access-date=2022-08-01 |archive-date=2022-05-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220527070702/https://optimistminds.com/split-attraction-model/ |url-status=live |archivedate=2022-05-27 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220527070702/https://optimistminds.com/split-attraction-model/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Citation |last=Kennedy |first=Hubert |title=Karl Heinrich Ulrichs, First Theorist of Homosexuality |date=2013-01-11 |work=Science and Homosexualities |pages=33–52 |edition=Vernon Rosario |publisher=[[Routledge]] |doi=10.4324/9780203390252-7 |isbn=978-0-203-39025-2 }}</ref> যৌন আৰু ৰোমাণ্টিক আকৰ্ষণৰ পৃথকীকৰণৰ আন এটা উদাহৰণ ১৯৭৯ চনত মনোবিজ্ঞানী ডৰোথী টেনভৰ গ্ৰন্থ 'লাভ এণ্ড লিমিৰেন্স'ত পোৱা যায়। টেনভে 'লিমিৰেন্স'ক আকৰ্ষণৰ এনে এটা ৰূপ হিচাপে বৰ্ণনা কৰিছিল যাক কাৰোবাৰ প্ৰতি থকা তীব্ৰ মোহ (crush) বুলি ক’ব পাৰি। তেওঁ যৌনতাক ইয়াৰ এটা অংশ হিচাপে দেখিছিল যদিও স্বীকাৰ কৰিছিল যে ই ইয়াৰ মুখ্য কেন্দ্ৰবিন্দু নহয়।<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-03-12 |title=Case study: Is my current relationship bound to be unfulfilling because it is non-limerent? - Living with Limerence |url=https://livingwithlimerence.com/case-study-is-my-current-relationship-bound-to-be-unfulfilling-because-it-is-non-limerent/ |access-date=2022-08-01 |website=livingwithlimerence.com |archive-date=2022-06-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220630214746/https://livingwithlimerence.com/case-study-is-my-current-relationship-bound-to-be-unfulfilling-because-it-is-non-limerent/ |url-status=live }}</ref> "নন-লিমিৰেণ্ট" শব্দটোক কেতিয়াবাহে 'অৰোমাণ্টিক' ধাৰণাটোৰ পূৰ্বসূৰী বুলি গণ্য কৰা হয়। 'বিভাজিত আকৰ্ষণ আৰ্হি'ৰ আধুনিক ধাৰণাটো অযৌন (asexual) আৰু অৰোমাণ্টিক (aromantic) সম্প্ৰদায়ে নিজৰ পৰিচয়সমূহ সঠিকভাৱে বৰ্ণনা কৰিবলৈ উদ্ভাৱন কৰিছিল। এই শব্দটো সম্ভৱতঃ ২০১৫ চনৰ আশে-পাশে সৃষ্টি হৈছিল, যদিও ২০০৫ চনত অৰোমাণ্টিক শব্দটোৰ উৎপত্তিৰ পৰাই বিভাজিত আকৰ্ষণৰ ধাৰণাটো ব্যৱহাৰত আছিল।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aromanticism.org/en/news-feed/splitting-attraction-history-j4y96|title=Splitting Attraction: A History of Discussing Orientation|date=2 August 2019|access-date=9 April 2023|archive-date=13 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230513224111/https://www.aromanticism.org/en/news-feed/splitting-attraction-history-j4y96|url-status=live}}</ref> এই আৰ্হিটোৱে মানুহক বুজাই দিয়াত সহায় কৰে যে তেওঁলোকে কেনেকৈ এটা আকৰ্ষণ অনুভৱ নকৰাকৈ আন এটা আকৰ্ষণৰ নিৰ্দিষ্ট দিশবোৰ অনুভৱ কৰিব পাৰে। এই আৰ্হিটো ব্যৱহাৰ কৰি মানুহে প্ৰায়ে নিজৰ ৰোমাণ্টিক আৰু যৌন আকৰ্ষণ বুজাবলৈ দুটা শব্দ ব্যৱহাৰ কৰে; যেনে 'অৰোমাণ্টিক অযৌন' (যাক চমুকৈ অৰো-এচ বোলা হয়), 'পানৰোমাণ্টিক ডেমিচেক্সুৱেল' বা 'অৰোমাণ্টিক উভকামী'।<ref name=":1" /> যাৰ অভিমুখিতা যৌন আৰু ৰোমাণ্টিক— এই উভয় ক্ষেত্ৰতে একে নহয় তেওঁলোকক 'ভেৰিঅ'ৰিয়েণ্টেড' (varioriented) বুলি কোৱা হয়। উদাহৰণস্বৰূপে, এজন হোম’ৰোমাণ্টিক উভকামী (homoromantic bisexual) ব্যক্তি 'ভেৰিঅ'ৰিয়েণ্টেড' হ’ব। আনহাতে যাৰ দুয়োটা আকৰ্ষণ একে তেওঁলোকক 'পেৰিঅ'ৰিয়েণ্টেড' (perioriented) বুলি কোৱা হয়। == গৱেষণা == [[File:MichaelParamo.png|thumb|মাইকেল পেৰামোৱে এক বহুস্তৰীয় আৰ্হিত যৌন আকৰ্ষণ আৰু ৰোমাণ্টিক আকৰ্ষণৰ বাহিৰেও আকৰ্ষণৰ অন্যান্য ৰূপসমূহ অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত কৰাৰ বিষয়ে আলোচনা কৰিছে।<ref name=":6" />]] [[ৰোমাণ্টিক অভিমুখিতা]] আৰু [[যৌন অভিমুখিতা]]ৰ মাজত যে পাৰ্থক্য আছে, সেই ধাৰণাটোৰ ওপৰত এতিয়ালৈকে ব্যাপক গৱেষণা হোৱা নাই।<ref name=":2">{{cite book|first=Anthony F. |last=Bogaert |title=Understanding Asexuality |date=9 August 2012 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield Publishers |isbn=978-1-4422-0099-9}}</ref> যৌন অভিমুখিতা আৰু পৰিচয়ৰ ওপৰত গৱেষণা কৰা আমেৰিকান মনোবিজ্ঞানী লিজা এম ডায়মণ্ডৰ মতে, এজন ব্যক্তিৰ ৰোমাণ্টিক অভিমুখিতা তেওঁৰ যৌন আকৰ্ষণতকৈ পৃথক হ’ব পাৰে।<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Diamond|first=Lisa M.|date=2003|title=What does sexual orientation orient? A biobehavioral model distinguishing romantic love and sexual desire.|journal=Psychological Review|volume=110|issue=1|pages=173–192|doi=10.1037/0033-295X.110.1.173|issn=1939-1471|pmid=12529061}}</ref> যদিও ব্যক্তিসকলৰ মাজত যৌন আকৰ্ষণ আৰু ৰোমাণ্টিক আকৰ্ষণৰ মাজৰ অমিলৰ ওপৰত গৱেষণা সীমিত, তথাপিও আকৰ্ষণৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত থকা তৰলতা (fluidity) আৰু বৈচিত্ৰ্যক ক্ৰমান্বয়ে স্বীকৃতি দিয়া হৈছে।<ref name=":3">{{cite journal |first1=Emily M. |last1=Lund |first2=Katie B. |last2=Thomas |first3=Christina M. |last3=Sias |first4=April R. |last4=Bradley |date=21 November 2016 |title=Examining Concordant and Discordant Sexual and Romantic Attraction in American Adults: Implications for Counselors |journal=Journal of LGBT Issues in Counseling |pages=211–226 |volume=10 |issue=4 |doi=10.1080/15538605.2016.1233840 |s2cid=151856457 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15538605.2016.1233840 |access-date=9 April 2023 |archive-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326211810/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15538605.2016.1233840 |url-status=live |url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref name=":4">{{cite journal |first1=Alyssa N. |last1=Clark |first2=Corinne |last2=Zimmerman |date=5 April 2022 |title=Concordance Between Romantic Orientations and Sexual Attitudes: Comparing Allosexual and Asexual Adults |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10508-021-02194-3 |journal=Archives of Sexual Behavior |volume=51 |issue=4 |pages=2147–2157 |doi=10.1007/s10508-021-02194-3 |pmid=35380311 |s2cid=247955047 |access-date=9 April 2023 |archive-date=18 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230218225035/https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10508-021-02194-3 |url-status=live |url-access=subscription }}</ref> মনোবিজ্ঞানী এঞ্জেলা এম চুবাৰ্ট আৰু মাৰ্ক পোপৰ দ্বাৰা সম্পাদিত ২০২২ চনৰ এখন গ্ৰন্থত মাইকেল পেৰামোৰ এটি প্ৰবন্ধৰ উদ্ধৃতি দি কোৱা হৈছে যে— যৌন আৰু ৰোমাণ্টিক আকৰ্ষণৰ বাহিৰেও নান্দনিক (aesthetic), আৱেগিক (emotional), বৌদ্ধিক (intellectual) আৰু সংবেদনশীল (sensual) আকৰ্ষণৰ দৰে অন্যান্য ৰূপসমূহকো আন্তঃব্যক্তিগত সম্পৰ্কৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত বিবেচনা কৰা উচিত।<ref name=":6">{{Cite book |last1=Schubert |first1=Angela M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rPOKEAAAQBAJ&dq=The+Multidimensional+Nature+of+Attraction&pg=PT189 |title=Handbook for Human Sexuality Counseling: A Sex Positive Approach |last2=Pope |first2=Mark |date=2022-09-20 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=978-1-119-90413-7 |language=en |access-date=2023-08-19 |archive-date=2023-08-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230819003320/https://books.google.com/books?dq=The%20Multidimensional%20Nature%20of%20Attraction&hl=en&id=rPOKEAAAQBAJ&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&pg=PT189&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiThurZlJn8AhW0TjABHZhzCXEQ6AF6BAgEEAI#v=onepage&q=The%20Multidimensional%20Nature%20of%20Attraction&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref> পেৰামোৱে যুক্তি দিছিল যে যেতিয়া আকৰ্ষণৰ বিভিন্ন ৰূপসমূহক কোনো উচ্চ-নীচ ক্ৰমত নাৰাখি সমানে চোৱা হয়, তেতিয়া ই মানুহক তেওঁলোকৰ সম্পৰ্কসমূহ নতুন ধৰণে কল্পনা কৰিবলৈ অনুপ্ৰাণিত কৰে। ২০২২ চনৰ এটা অধ্যয়নত দেখা গৈছে যে যদিও ৰোমাণ্টিক অভিমুখিতা আৰু যৌন অভিমুখিতাৰ মাজত কিছু মিল থাকে, তথাপিও এই দুয়োটা সম্পূৰ্ণ একে নহয়। ইয়াৰ পৰা বুজা যায় যে ৰোমাণ্টিক আৰু যৌন অভিমুখিতাৰ মাজত থকা বিভাজিত আকৰ্ষণৰ অভিজ্ঞতা অযৌন আৰু সযৌন (non-asexual) উভয়ৰে মাজত বিদ্যমান।<ref name=":4" /> ==আৰু চাওক== {{wiktionary|split attraction model}} * [[:en:Aromanticism|''অৰোমান্টিকতা'']] * [[অকামিতা|অযৌনতা]] * [[:en:Queerplatonic relationship|''কুইৰপ্লেটনিক সম্পৰ্ক'']] * [[ৰোমাণ্টিক অভিমুখিতা]] * [[যৌন অভিমুখিতা]] ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== {{Reflist}} ==অধিক পঢ়ক== * [https://www.aromanticism.org/en/news-feed/splitting-attraction-history-j4y96 Splitting Attraction: A History of Discussing Orientation] by ''[[Aromantic-spectrum Union for Recognition, Education, and Advocacy]] (AUREA)'' [[শ্ৰেণী:মানৱ যৌনতা]] [[শ্ৰেণী:যৌন অভিমুখিতা]] [[শ্ৰেণী:এলজিবিটি]] guupgzislxoyg8oghd8h56ewlje6wqb 0 135181 605913 604276 2026-05-11T20:43:08Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 605913 wikitext text/x-wiki '''ফিজি মহিলা অধিকাৰ আন্দোলন''' ([[ইংৰাজী]]: Fiji Women's Rights Movement; চমুকৈ FWRM) হৈছে [[ফিজি]]ত অৱস্থিত এক বহু-জাতীয় আৰু বহু-সাংস্কৃতিক সংগঠন। ইয়াৰ মুখ্য কাৰ্যালয় [[চুভা]]ত অৱস্থিত। এই প্ৰতিষ্ঠানটোৱে মানসিক পৰিৱৰ্তন আৰু প্ৰতিষ্ঠানিক সংস্কাৰৰ জৰিয়তে মহিলাৰ বিৰুদ্ধে হোৱা বৈষম্য দূৰ কৰাৰ বাবে কাম কৰে। FWRM-এ [[নাৰীবাদ]], [[গণতন্ত্ৰ]], সুশাসন আৰু [[মানৱ অধিকাৰ]]ৰ অনুশীলন আৰু প্ৰসাৰত বিশ্বাস কৰে।<ref name="AusAid">{{cite web | url=http://www.pacificwomen.org/pacific-links/fiji-womens-rights-movement/ | title=Fiji Women's Rights Movement | publisher=Pacific Women pacificwomen.org | accessdate=26 June 2016 | archive-date=4 July 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160704162239/http://www.pacificwomen.org/pacific-links/fiji-womens-rights-movement | url-status=dead | archivedate=4 July 2016 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160704162239/http://www.pacificwomen.org/pacific-links/fiji-womens-rights-movement | deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref name="Oxfam">{{cite web | url=https://www.oxfam.org.nz/what-we-do/where-we-work/fiji/our-partner | title=Fiji Women's Rights Movement | publisher=Oxfam New Zealand oxfam.org.nz | accessdate=26 June 2016}}</ref> ১৯৮৭ চনৰ প্ৰথমটো সামৰিক অভ্যুত্থানৰ পিছৰে পৰা ফিজিত সামৰিক শাসনৰ ৰাজহুৱা বিৰোধিতা কৰাৰ বাবে FWRM জনাজাত।<ref name="Rutgers">{{cite book | url=http://rutgerspress.rutgers.edu/product/Security-Disarmed,3191.aspx | title=Security Disarmed: Critical Perspectives on Gender, Race, and Militarization | publisher=Rutgers Press | editor-last1=Sutton | editor-first1=Barbara | editor-first2=Sandra | editor-last2=Morgen | editor-first3=Julie | editor-last3=Novkov | year=2008 | pages=128 | isbn=978-0-8135-4359-8 | archive-date=2016-08-13 | access-date=2016-06-26 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160813204734/http://rutgerspress.rutgers.edu/product/Security-Disarmed,3191.aspx | url-status=dead | archivedate=2016-08-13 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160813204734/http://rutgerspress.rutgers.edu/product/Security-Disarmed,3191.aspx }}</ref> ইয়াৰ উপৰিও ফিজিত আন্তঃপ্ৰজন্মীয় মহিলা নেতৃত্বৰ সৈতে জড়িত অভিনৱ দৃষ্টিভংগী আৰু মূল কাৰ্যসূচীৰ বাবেও এই সংগঠনটো জনাজাত, য’ত বিশেষকৈ যুৱতী, খিলঞ্জীয়া আৰু থলুৱা মহিলাসকলক গুৰুত্ব প্ৰদান কৰা হয়।<ref name="ANU">{{cite book | url=http://press.anu.edu.au/publications/election-coup-fiji | title=From Election to Coup in Fiji: The 2006 Campaign and Its Aftermath | publisher=ANU Press | editor=Fraenkel, Jon | year=2007 | pages=168 | doi=10.22459/FECF.06.2007 | isbn=9780731538126 | doi-access=free }}</ref> ২০১৬ চনত FWRM-এ ''গাৰ্লছ ডিজিটেল ষ্টৰীজ'' নামৰ এটা প্ৰকল্প আৰম্ভ কৰিছিল। এই প্ৰকল্পৰ লক্ষ্য আছিল ১০-১২ বছৰীয়া ছোৱালীৰ কাহিনী কোৱা আৰু ডিজিটেল কলাৰ ব্যৱহাৰেৰে উৎপীড়ন আৰু বৈষম্যক প্ৰত্যাহ্বান জনোৱা।<ref name="FijiTimes">{{cite news | url=http://www.fijitimes.com/story.aspx?id=358848 | title=Aim to stop bullying | date=20 June 2016 | accessdate=26 June 2016 | author=Mudunavonu, Peni}}</ref> == ইতিহাস == ১৯৮৬ চনত ৫৬ গৰাকী মহিলাই ফিজি মহিলা অধিকাৰ আন্দোলন (FWRM) প্ৰতিষ্ঠা কৰিছিল। ইয়াৰ ভিতৰত এনে কিছুসংখ্যক মহিলাও আছিল যিয়ে ফিজিত লিংগ সম্পৰ্কীয় হিংসাৰ বিৰুদ্ধে প্ৰথমটো সহায়ক সংগঠন ‘ফিজিয়ান ৱমেনছ ক্ৰাইছিছ চেণ্টাৰ’ (FWCC) স্থাপন কৰিছিল। তেওঁলোকে দৃঢ়প্ৰতিজ্ঞ আছিল যে তেওঁলোকৰ এই গোটটোৱে "সেইবোৰ আইন আৰু নীতি পৰিৱৰ্তন কৰিবলৈ যত্ন কৰিব যিবোৰে মহিলাৰ প্ৰতি বৈষম্য কৰে বা তেওঁলোকৰ সমস্যাসমূহ পৰ্যাপ্তভাৱে সমাধান কৰাত ব্যৰ্থ হয়"।<ref name="Herstory">{{cite web | url=http://fwrm.org.fj | title=FWRM Herstory: Celebrating 25 years of balancing the scales 1986~2011 | publisher=Fiji Women's Rights Movement | date=2012 | accessdate=26 June 2016 | archive-date=15 August 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160815082224/http://fwrm.org.fj | url-status=dead }}</ref> প্ৰতিষ্ঠাপক সদস্যসকলৰ ভিতৰত আছিল এফডব্লিউচিচিৰ শ্বামীমা আলী, মানৱ অধিকাৰ অধিবক্তা ইমৰাণা জালাল, আদি কুইনি ভাভদ্ৰা, আলেফিনা ভুকি, হেলেন ছাদাৰলেণ্ড, ‘আটু এম্বাৰচন-বেইন, মিচেল ৰেডী আৰু পেনেলেপ মুৰ (যিয়ে FWRM-ৰ প্ৰথম সমন্বয়ক বা কাৰ্যবাহী সঞ্চালক হৈছিল)।<ref name="Herstory" /> ৰাজনৈতিক কৰ্মী ভিৰিচিলা বুয়াদ্ৰোমো ২০০১ চনৰ পৰা ২০১৫ চনলৈ এই সংগঠনটোৰ কাৰ্যবাহী সঞ্চালক আছিল আৰু তাৰ পিছত তাৰা চেট্টীয়ে এই দায়িত্ব গ্ৰহণ কৰে।<ref name="Jet">{{cite news | url=http://www.thejetnewspaper.com | title=FWRM Board Appoints New Head | date=18 December 2014 | accessdate=26 June 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816060822/http://www.thejetnewspaper.com | archive-date=16 August 2016 | url-status=dead }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == সফলতা == ফিজি মহিলা অধিকাৰ আন্দোলনে সাংবিধানিক সংস্কাৰকে ধৰি মহিলাৰ ৰাজনৈতিক অংশগ্ৰহণ বৃদ্ধিৰ বাবে কৰা কামৰ বাবে পৰিচিত।<ref name="DevPolicy">{{cite web | url=http://devpolicy.org/tara-chetty-fiji-democracy-and-womens-rights-20130806/ | title=Tara Chetty: Fiji democracy and women's rights | date=5 August 2013 | publisher=Development Policy Centre | accessdate=26 June 2016}}</ref> ২০১২ চনত নেতৃত্বৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত মহিলাৰ অংশগ্ৰহণ বৃদ্ধিৰ লক্ষ্যৰে FWRM-এ ইয়াৰ সহযোগী সংস্থা ‘ফেমলিংক পেচিফিক’ (FemlinkPACIFIC), ‘নেচনেল কাউন্সিল অৱ ৱমেন (ফিজি)’ আৰু ‘ছকোছকোভাকামাৰামা ইটৌকেই’ৰ (Soqosoqovakamarama iTaukei) সৈতে মিলি ‘ফিজি ৱমেনছ ফৰাম’ গঠন কৰিছিল। যদিও প্ৰশান্ত মহাসাগৰীয় অঞ্চলৰ ভিতৰত ফিজিৰ সংসদত মহিলাৰ অনুপাত সৰ্বাধিক (২০১৪ চনত ১৬%), তথাপিও FWRM আৰু ‘ফিজি ৱমেনছ ফৰামে’ ৰাজনৈতিক আৰু ৰাজহুৱা জীৱনত মহিলাৰ প্ৰতিনিধিত্ব উন্নত কৰিবলৈ দৃঢ়প্ৰতিজ্ঞ হৈ কাম কৰি আহিছে।<ref name="RRRT">{{cite web | url=http://rrrt.spc.int/news/item/701-promoting-greater-women-s-leadership-in-all-areas-of-decision-making | title=Promoting greater women's leadership in all areas of decision making | publisher=Pacific Community rrrt.spc.int | accessdate=26 June 2016 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ছোৱালীসকলৰ সৱলীকৰণৰ বাবে FWRM-ৰ কাৰ্যসূচী, যাক ‘GIRLS’ (Grow-Inspire-Relate-Lead-Succeed) বুলি জনা যায়, তাক "ফিজি তথা এই সমগ্ৰ অঞ্চলটোৰ ভিতৰতে ১০-১২ বছৰীয়া ছোৱালীৰ বাবে অন্যতম উৎকৃষ্ট নাৰীবাদী লিংগ সমতা প্ৰকল্প" বুলি কোৱা হৈছে।<ref name="AusAid" /><ref name="Girls">{{cite web | url=http://www.pacificwomen.org/news/girls-lead-16-days-of-activism-against-gender-based-violence-campaign/ | title=GIRLS lead 16 Days of Activism Against Gender-Based Violence Campaign | publisher=Pacific Women | accessdate=26 June 2016 | archive-date=11 July 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160711133928/http://www.pacificwomen.org/news/girls-lead-16-days-of-activism-against-gender-based-violence-campaign | url-status=dead | archivedate=11 July 2016 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160711133928/http://www.pacificwomen.org/news/girls-lead-16-days-of-activism-against-gender-based-violence-campaign | deadurl=yes }}</ref> ফিজি আৰু প্ৰশান্ত মহাসাগৰীয় অঞ্চলত আন্তঃপ্ৰজন্মীয় নাৰীবাদী নেতৃত্বক সমৰ্থন কৰাৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত এইটো সংগঠনটোৰ এক গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ প্ৰচেষ্টা।<ref name="GFW">{{cite web | url=https://www.globalfundforwomen.org/flow-case-study-the-fiji-womens-rights-movement-fwrm/ | title=Transformative Women's Leadership: An Interview with The Fiji Women's Rights Movement | publisher=Global Fund for Women globalfundforwomen.org | accessdate=26 June 2016 | archive-date=3 August 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803085715/https://www.globalfundforwomen.org/flow-case-study-the-fiji-womens-rights-movement-fwrm/ | url-status=dead | archivedate=3 August 2016 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803085715/https://www.globalfundforwomen.org/flow-case-study-the-fiji-womens-rights-movement-fwrm/ | deadurl=yes }}</ref> ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== {{Reflist}} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== [[শ্ৰেণী:ফিজি]] [[শ্ৰেণী:নাৰীবাদী সংগঠন]] [[শ্ৰেণী:মহিলা সংগঠন]] oaj6p2bubsk0wxf6zqfi0jm80r6i501 0 135845 605870 596612 2026-05-11T15:21:46Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 605870 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = পাউলিনা চাভেজ | image = Paulina Chávez in 2024.jpg | caption = ২০২৪ চনত পাউলিনা চাভেজ | birth_name = | birth_date = {{birth date and age|2002|5|22}} | birth_place = এল পাচো, টেক্সাছ, [[আমেৰিকা যুক্তৰাষ্ট্ৰ]] | occupation = অভিনেত্ৰী | years_active = ২০১৬–বৰ্তমান }} '''পাউলিনা এফ. চাভেজ''' ([[ইংৰাজী]]: Paulina Chávez; জন্ম: ২২ মে', ২০০২) এগৰাকী আমেৰিকান অভিনেত্ৰী। তেওঁ [[নেটফ্লিক্স]] ধাৰাবাহিক ''দ্য এক্সপাণ্ডিং ইউনিভাৰ্ছ অফ এছলী গাৰ্চিয়া'' (২০২০)<ref>{{cite news|last=Guzman|first=Rene A.|title=San Antonio actress Paulina Chávez returns to Netflix Friday in new season of 'Fate: The Winx Saga'|date=September 13, 2022|newspaper=San Antonio Express-News|url=https://www.expressnews.com/entertainment/article/San-Antonio-actress-Paulina-Chavez-Winx-17438359.php|accessdate=July 17, 2023|url-access=subscription}}</ref> আৰু নেটফ্লিক্স ধাৰাবাহিক ''ফেট: দ্য উইংক্স চাগা''ৰ (২০২২) দ্বিতীয় ছিজনত ফ্লৰা চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয়ৰ বাবে বিশেষভাৱে পৰিচিত।<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Yohannes|first=Alamin|title=Paulina Chávez is excited for Fate: The Winx Saga viewers to finally meet Flora|date=September 15, 2022|magazine=Entertainment Weekly|url=https://ew.com/tv/paulina-chavez-fate-the-winx-saga-season-two-interview/|accessdate=July 17, 2023}}</ref> ২০২৪ চনত চাভেজে নিকেলোডিয়ানৰ চলচ্চিত্ৰ ''দ্য কাচাগ্ৰাণ্ডেছ মুভি'' আৰু পেৰামাাউণ্ট প্লাছ ধাৰাবাহিক ''লেণ্ডমেন''ত আৰিয়ানা নামৰ এটা পাৰ্শ্ব চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰে।<ref name=land/> == প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন == ২০০২ চনৰ ২২ মে'ত টেক্সাছৰ এল পাচোত তেওঁৰ জন্ম হৈছিল আৰু ছান এণ্টোনিঅ’ত ডাঙৰ-দীঘল হৈছিল।<ref>{{cite web|last2=Cabrera|first2=Kristen|last1=Alonzo|first1=Raul|title=Texas actress Paulina Chávez finds her voice on the big and small screen|date=September 29, 2022|website=Texas Standard|url=https://www.texasstandard.org/stories/texas-actress-paulina-chavez-netflix-fate-winx-saga/|accessdate=July 17, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Drysdale|first=Jennifer|title=How Eva Longoria Has Inspired Rising Actress Paulina Chávez to Pursue Her Dreams (Exclusive)|date=February 10, 2020|website=Entertainment Tonight|url=https://www.etonline.com/how-eva-longoria-has-inspired-rising-actress-paulina-chavez-to-pursue-her-dreams-exclusive-141072|accessdate=July 17, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-30 |title=Texas actress Paulina Chávez finds her voice on the big and small screen |url=https://www.kut.org/texasstandard/2022-09-30/texas-actress-paulina-chavez-netflix-fate-winx-saga |access-date=2023-09-16 |website=KUT Radio, Austin's NPR Station |language=en}}</ref> তেওঁৰ মাক-দেউতাক মেক্সিকোৰ আছিল আৰু তেওঁলোকৰ পৰিয়ালটো মূলতঃ চিউদাদ জুৱাৰেৰেজৰ আছিল।<ref name=bio>{{cite web|url=https://www.kut.org/texasstandard/2022-09-30/texas-actress-paulina-chavez-netflix-fate-winx-saga|title=Texas actress Paulina Chávez finds her voice on the big and small screen|publisher=KUT.org|accessdate=November 20, 2024}}</ref> সাত বছৰ বয়সত তেওঁ ছান এণ্টোনিঅ’ৰ প্ৰাথমিক বিদ্যালয়ত অভিনয়ৰ শ্ৰেণীত নাম ভৰ্তি কৰিছিল, য’ত তেওঁৰ মাতৃয়ে কাম কৰিছিল।<ref name=bio/> পিছলৈ তেওঁ অভিনয় প্ৰশিক্ষক কেথৰিন চুলিভানৰ ওচৰত শিক্ষা গ্ৰহণ কৰে।<ref name=bio/> == কৰ্মজীৱন == চাভেজে অতি কম বয়সতে নিজৰ কৰ্মজীৱন আৰম্ভ কৰিছিল। তেওঁ স্থানীয় থিয়েটাৰত অভিনয় কৰাৰ লগতে কেইবাটাও টেলিভিছন বিজ্ঞাপনত অভিনয় কৰিছিল।<ref name=morton/> ২০১৬ চনত তেওঁ বিভিন্ন চুটি ছবি আৰু স্বতন্ত্ৰ ছবিত অভিনয় কৰে।<ref name=morton/> একে বছৰতে ''ডে ৫'' নামৰ টেলিভিছন ধাৰাবাহিকখনত তেওঁ কাৰ্মেন নামৰ এটা সৰু চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰিছিল।<ref name=morton>{{cite web|url=https://www.morton.edu/rick-najeras-latino-thought-makers-series-celebrates-the-season-at-morton-college-with-special-screening-of-lifetimes-holiday-movie-feliz-navidad-featuring-actress-paulina-chavez-liv/|title=Rick Najera’s Latino Thought Makers Series Celebrates the Season at Morton College with Special Screening of Lifetime’s Holiday Movie Feliz NaviDAD Featuring Actress Paulina Chavez Live|publisher=Morton.edu|accessdate=November 20, 2024}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ২০১৮ চনত তেওঁ ''স্ক্যাণ্ডেল মেড মি ফেমাছ'' ধাৰাবাহিকত এগৰাকী কিশোৰী কিম কাৰ্দাশিয়ানৰ চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰিছিল।<ref name=morton/> ২০২০ চনত চাভেজে [[নেটফ্লিক্স]] ধাৰাবাহিক ''দ্য এক্সপাণ্ডিং ইউনিভাৰ্ছ অফ এছলী গাৰ্চিয়া''ত মুখ্য চৰিত্ৰ এছলী গাৰ্চিয়া হিচাপে অভিনয় কৰি সফলতা লাভ কৰে।<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Villafane|first=Veronica|title=New Netflix Comedy With Jencarlos Canela And Paulina Chavez Promises Positive Portrayal Of Latinos|date=May 29, 2019|magazine=Forbes|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/veronicavillafane/2019/05/29/new-netflix-comedy-with-jencarlos-canela-and-paulina-chavez-promises-positive-portrayal-of-latinos/?sh=7554437a1d4d|accessdate=July 17, 2023|url-access=subscription}}</ref> ইয়াৰ উপৰি তেওঁ ধাৰাবাহিকখনৰ বিশেষ খণ্ড ''গেম অন: এ কমেডী ক্ৰছঅভাৰ ইভেণ্ট''তো অভিনয় কৰিছিল।<ref name="decider">{{cite web |url=https://decider.com/2020/08/10/what-is-game-on-a-comedy-crossover-event-on-netflix/ |title='Game On: A Comedy Crossover Event' on Netflix: Everything You Need to Know|website=Decider|first=Brett|last=White|date=August 10, 2020|access-date=August 10, 2020}}</ref> মাত্ৰ এটা ছিজনৰ পাছতে ধাৰাবাহিকখন বন্ধ কৰি দিয়া হৈছিল।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2020/08/netflix-ashley-garcia-genius-in-love-the-big-show-show-to-end-canceled-christmas-specials-1203028085/|title=Netflix's 'Ashley Garcia: Genius in Love' & 'The Big Show Show' To End Runs With Christmas Specials|work=Deadline Hollywood|first=Nellie|last=Andreeva|date=August 31, 2020|accessdate=August 31, 2020|archive-date=September 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200901000044/https://deadline.com/2020/08/netflix-ashley-garcia-genius-in-love-the-big-show-show-to-end-canceled-christmas-specials-1203028085/|url-status=live}}</ref> অৱশ্যে সেই বছৰৰে ডিচেম্বৰ মাহত তেওঁ ধাৰাবাহিকখনৰ বৰদিনৰ বিশেষ খণ্ডটোত অভিনয় কৰিছিল।<ref name="Special">{{cite web|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/entertainment/tv/2020/11/24/netflix-december-2020-everything-new-the-prom-selena/6400544002/|title=Netflix in December 2020: What's new and what's expiring|work=USA Today|first=Carly|last=Mallenbaum|date=November 24, 2020|accessdate=November 24, 2020|archive-date=December 9, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201209081140/https://www.usatoday.com/story/entertainment/tv/2020/11/24/netflix-december-2020-everything-new-the-prom-selena/6400544002/|url-status=live}}</ref> ২০২২ চনত তেওঁ নেটফ্লিক্সৰ ''ফেট: দ্য উইংক্স চাগা''ৰ দ্বিতীয় ছিজনত ফ্লৰা নামৰ এটা মুখ্য চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰে।<ref>{{cite web|last=Pearce|first=Tilly|title=Fate: The Winx Saga's Paulina Chávez on playing Flora after whitewashing backlash|date=September 20, 2022|website=Digital Spy|url=https://www.digitalspy.com/tv/ustv/a41284666/fate-winx-saga-paulina-chavez-whitewashing/|accessdate=July 17, 2023}}</ref> ''দ্য এক্সপাণ্ডিং ইউনিভাৰ্ছ অফ এছলী গাৰ্চিয়া'' আৰু ''ফেট: দ্য উইংক্স চাগা''ত কৰা অভিনয়ৰ বাবে চাভেজে শ্ৰেষ্ঠ যুৱ অভিনেতাৰ ইমাজিন বঁটাৰ বাবে মনোনয়ন লাভ কৰিছিল। ২০২৩ চনৰ মাৰ্চ মাহত ঘোষণা কৰা হৈছিল যে তেওঁ ''এলেক্সজেণ্ডাৰ এণ্ড দ্য টেৰিবল, হৰিবল, নো গুড, ভেৰী বেড ৰোড ট্ৰিপ''ত মিয়া গাৰ্চিয়াৰ চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰিব, যিখন আছিল ডিজনী প্লাছৰ ''এলেক্সজেণ্ডাৰ এণ্ড দ্য টেৰিবল, হৰিবল, নো গুড, ভেৰী বেড ডে''ৰ ৰিবুট।<ref name=alex>{{cite web|last=Cordero|first=Rosy|title=Paulina Chávez & Rose Portillo Board 'Alexander And The Terrible, Horrible, No Good, Very Bad Day'|date=March 8, 2023|website=Deadline Hollywood|url=https://deadline.com/2023/03/paulina-chavez-rose-portillo-cast-disney-plus-alexander-and-the-terrible-horrible-no-good-very-bad-day-1235282806/|accessdate=July 17, 2023}}</ref> একে বছৰতে তেওঁ ''দ্য লং গেম'' বোলছবিখনত ডানিয়েলা টৰেছৰ চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰে। ২০২৪ চনত তেওঁ নিকেলোডিয়ানৰ চলচ্চিত্ৰ ''দ্য কাচাগ্ৰাণ্ডেছ মুভি''ত পুংগুৱাৰী আৰু ছাৰা চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰে। সেই বছৰতে তেওঁ পেৰামাাউণ্ট প্লাছ ধাৰাবাহিক ''লেণ্ডমেন''ত আৰিয়ানা নামৰ এটা পাৰ্শ্ব চৰিত্ৰত বিলি বব থৰ্ণটন আৰু ডেমি মুৰৰ সৈতে অভিনয় কৰে।<ref name=land>{{cite web|url=https://screenrant.com/video/landman-season-1-kayla-wallace-paulina-chvez-interview/|title=Landman Interview: Kayla Wallace & Paulina Chávez On Powerful Female Characters & What's To Come In Taylor Sheridan's New Drama|publisher=Screenrant|accessdate=November 20, 2024}}</ref> == তথ্যসূত্ৰ == {{reflist}} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== {{commonscat}} * {{Official website|https://www.paulinafchavez.com/}} * {{IMDb name|8263430}} [[শ্ৰেণী:আমেৰিকান অভিনয় শিল্পী]] oa7v5kepb0l76oq341a6fl2mwpndn41 0 136587 605880 604253 2026-05-11T16:44:55Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 605880 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = পিয়ুমি হংসমালী গোমেজ | native_name = පියුමි හංසමාලි | native_name_lang = si | image = | caption = | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1992|11|22|df=yes}} | birth_name = পিয়ুমি হংসমালী গোমেজ | birth_place = কলম্বো, [[শ্ৰীলংকা]] | alma_mater = | occupation = অভিনেত্ৰী, মডেল | education = শ্ৰী সোবিতা বিদ্যালয়, ৰাজাগিৰিয়া | years_active = ২০১১–বৰ্তমান | father = পি. নিহাল লক্ষ্মণ গোমেজ | mother = এল. বাসন্তী পেৰেৰা | children = ১ | known_for = ''ৱাচ্ছানায়ে চন্দা'' | height = ৫ ফুট ৫ ইঞ্চি }} '''পিয়ুমি হংসমালী গোমেজ''' (জন্ম: ২২ নৱেম্বৰ ১৯৯২) এগৰাকী [[শ্ৰীলংকা]]ন অভিনেত্ৰী,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Actresses in Sinhala Cinema - Piyumi Hansamali |url=http://www.films.lk/sinhala-cinema-artist-piyumi-hansamali-7070.html |access-date=2021-01-31 |website=Digital Identity of Sinhala Cinema }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> দূৰদৰ্শন ব্যক্তিত্ব, সৌন্দৰ্য প্ৰতিযোগিতাৰ প্ৰতিযোগী আৰু মডেল।<ref>{{Cite web |title=That news is a lie: Piumi Hansamali |url=https://www.divaina.com/sunday/index.php/visheshanga2/4513-2018-06-23-05-58-34 |access-date=2021-01-19 |website=Divaina}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Piumi Hansamali has over 1.5 million followers |url=http://news24.lk/%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%9C%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8A/%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%92-%E0%B7%84%E0%B6%82%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%92-%E0%B6%85%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BA/ |access-date=2021-01-19 |website=news24 |archivedate=2021-01-23 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210123194748/http://news24.lk/%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%9C%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8A/%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%92-%E0%B7%84%E0%B6%82%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%92-%E0%B6%85%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BA/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref> তেওঁ ''ৰিতু'' নামৰ ধাৰাবাহিকখনৰ লগতে ''ৱাচ্ছানায়ে চন্দা''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Piumi Hansamali Misogynist Attack: Police Silent |url=https://www.colombotelegraph.com/index.php/piumi-hansamali-misogynist-attack-police-silent/ |access-date=2021-01-31 |website=Colombo Telegraph}}</ref> আৰু ''লক্ষ্ণৌ'' আদি বোলছবিসমূহত অভিনয় কৰিছে।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lucknow Malayalam Movie |url=https://www.nowrunning.com/movie/22670/malayalam/lucknow/ |access-date=2021-01-31 |website=nowrunning.com}}</ref> == প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন আৰু শিক্ষা == হংসমালীৰ জন্ম হৈছিল কালাপলুৱাৱাত। তেওঁ নিহাল লক্ষ্মণ গোমেজ আৰু বাসন্তী পেৰেৰাৰ একমাত্ৰ সন্তান আছিল। তেওঁৰ পিতৃ-মাতৃ দুয়োৰে বিদেশত কৰ্মৰত আছিল।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chat with Piumi |url=http://www.lankagossiproom.com/2016/02/piumi-hansamali-talk-gets-pregnant-at-17-th-age-lanka-gossip.html |access-date=2021-01-19 |website=lankagossiproom}}</ref> তেওঁ ৰাজাগিৰিয়াৰ শ্ৰী সোবিতা বিদ্যালয়ৰ পৰা শিক্ষা সম্পূৰ্ণ কৰে।<ref name="lankadeepa">{{Cite web |title=I am very lucky: Piumi Hansamali |url=http://www.lankadeepa.lk/latest_news/‘‘මං-හරි-ලකී’’/1-289232 |access-date=2021-01-19 |website=Lankadeepa}}</ref> ২০১১ চনত তেওঁ ৰোজান ডায়াছৰ দ্বাৰা পৰিচালিত চাইড ইমেজ মডেলিং স্কুলত যোগদান কৰে।<ref name=":0" /> == কেৰিয়াৰ == হংসমালীয়ে ৰেম্প মডেলিংৰ জৰিয়তে নিজৰ কেৰিয়াৰ আৰম্ভ কৰিছিল।<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=I have my own limits: Piumi Hansamali speaks |url=https://gossip.hirufm.lk/23493/2018/05/piumi-hansamali.html |access-date=2021-01-19 |website=Hiru FM}}</ref> ২০১৪ চনত শান্তা চয়জাৰ নিৰ্দেশনাত আইটিএন-ত সম্প্ৰচাৰিত টেলিভিছন ধাৰাবাহিক ''ৰিতু''ৰ জৰিয়তে হংসমালীয়ে টেলিভিছনত অভিষেক ঘটায়। এই ধাৰাবাহিকখনত তেওঁ জনপ্ৰিয় অভিনেতা বিশ্ব কোডিকাৰাৰ বিপৰীতে নাম চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰিছিল।<ref name="lankadeepa" /> ধাৰাবাহিকখন জনপ্ৰিয় হোৱাৰ পাছতো ৰাজনৈতিক চাপৰ বাবে ২০১৫ চনৰ আৰম্ভণিতে ইয়াৰ সম্প্ৰচাৰ বন্ধ কৰা হৈছিল।<ref>{{Cite web|title=ITN Rithu Teledrama banned|url=http://www.gossiplankahotnews.com/2015/01/itn-rithu-teledrama-banned.html|access-date=2021-01-19|website=gossiplankahotnews}}</ref> ২০১৫ চনত তেওঁ 'মিচেছ গ্লোব'ত অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰে আৰু তাৰ পিছত ২০১৬ চনত মালয়েছিয়াত অনুষ্ঠিত 'মিচেছ নবেল কুইন অফ দ্য ইউনিভাৰ্চ'ত প্ৰতিদ্বন্দ্বিতা কৰে।<ref>{{Cite web|title=Model S.Sarnai crowned Mrs Asia Noble Queen International 2016|url=https://theubposts.com/model-s-sarnai-crowned-mrs-asia-noble-queen-international-2016/#:~:text=Sarnai%20crowned%20Mrs%20Asia%20Noble%20Queen%20International%202016,-By%20-&text=Mongolian%20model%20S.,held%20in%20Kuala%20Lumpur%2C%20Malaysia.|access-date=2021-01-19|website=Mawrata News|archivedate=2021-02-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210202180239/https://theubposts.com/model-s-sarnai-crowned-mrs-asia-noble-queen-international-2016/#:~:text=Sarnai%20crowned%20Mrs%20Asia%20Noble%20Queen%20International%202016,-By%20-&text=Mongolian%20model%20S.,held%20in%20Kuala%20Lumpur%2C%20Malaysia.|deadurl=yes}}</ref><ref name="lankadeepa" /> ২০১৭ চনত তুৰস্কত অনুষ্ঠিত 'ফিউচাৰ ফেশ্বন ফেচচ ৱৰ্ল্ড'ত তেওঁ 'বেষ্ট মডেল ইন এছিয়া' শাখাত প্ৰতিদ্বন্দ্বিতা কৰিছিল।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Asian Best Model Piumi Hansamali |url=https://www.gossip9.co/2016/12/asian-best-model-piumi.html |access-date=2021-01-19 |website=gossip9 |archivedate=2021-01-16 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210116151430/https://www.gossip9.co/2016/12/asian-best-model-piumi.html |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Piumi Hansamali become the best model in Asia |url=http://www.lankadeepa.lk/latest_news/ආසියාවේ-හොඳම-නිරූපිකාව-පියුමි-හංසමාලි/1-492765 |access-date=2021-01-19 |website=Lankadeepa}}</ref> ইয়াৰ পিছত ২০১৮ চনত উদয়কান্ত ৱৰ্ণাসূৰ্যৰ নিৰ্দেশনাত নিৰ্মিত নাট্য চলচ্চিত্ৰ ''ৱাচ্ছানায়ে চন্দা''ৰ জৰিয়তে তেওঁ প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে চিনেমা জগতত প্ৰৱেশ কৰে।<ref>{{Cite web |title='Wassane Sanda' now in cinema |url=http://www.sundaytimes.lk/180603/magazine/wassane-sanda-now-in-cinema-296179.html |access-date=6 September 2018 |publisher=Sunday Times}}</ref> এই ছবিখনত তেওঁ 'মিহিৰি' নামৰ মুখ্য চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰিছিল। ২০১৯ চনত তেওঁক অনিল কুমাৰৰ নিৰ্দেশনাত নিৰ্মিত মালয়ালম ছবি ''লক্ষ্ণৌ''ত অভিনয় কৰিবলৈ আমন্ত্ৰণ জনোৱা হয়।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Piumi Hansamali To Mollywood? |url=https://asianmirror.lk/entertainment/item/26444-piumi-hansamali-to-mollywood |access-date=2021-01-19 |website=Asian Mirror |archivedate=2021-01-28 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128075354/https://asianmirror.lk/entertainment/item/26444-piumi-hansamali-to-mollywood |deadurl=yes }}</ref> এই ছবিখনত তেওঁ শ্ৰীলংকাৰ নাট্যকাৰ জেকচন এন্থনীৰ সৈতে মুখ্য ভূমিকা পালন কৰিছিল। ১৯৯২ চনত যশোদা বিমলাধৰ্মাই এখন ভাৰতীয় ছবিত মুখ্য চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰাৰ পিছত এগৰাকী শ্ৰীলংকাৰ অভিনেত্ৰীয়ে এনে স্থান লাভ কৰা এয়া দ্বিতীয়টো ঘটনা।<ref>{{Cite web |title=25 years after Yasoda, Piumi Hansamali joins Jackson to star in Indian cinema |url=https://www.gossiplankanews.com/2017/12/25-piumi-hansamali.html |access-date=2021-01-19 |website=gossiplankanews}}</ref> == তথ্যসূত্ৰ == {{Reflist}} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== * {{IMDb name|nm9411085}} [[শ্ৰেণী:শ্ৰীলংকাৰ চলচ্চিত্ৰ অভিনেত্ৰী]] cr030j7absagzlr46jh10aoe4xe5lnn 0 136611 605844 602420 2026-05-11T13:28:28Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 605844 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Nethmi Roshel Rogers | image = Nethmi roshel in 2021.jpg | caption = ২০২১ চনত ৰোচেল | native_name = නෙත්මි රොශෙල් | birth_name = Nethmi Nisheka Roshel Rogers | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1998|11|06|df=y}} | birth_place = কলম্বো, [[শ্ৰীলংকা]] | education = ইউনিভাৰ্চিটি অৱ শ্ৰী জয়ৱৰ্ধনেপুৰা | occupation = অভিনেত্ৰী, মডেল, টিভি প্ৰেজেণ্টাৰ | years_active = ২০১৯–বৰ্তমান | known_for = ''দেৱেণী ইনিমা''<br> ''আদৰণীয়া প্ৰাৰ্থনা'', ''পাৰাদৈচে'' }} '''নেথমী নিষেকা ৰোচেল ৰজাৰ্ছ''' ([[ইংৰাজী]]: Nethmi Nisheka Roshel Rogers; জন্ম: ৬ নৱেম্বৰ ১৯৯৮), জনপ্ৰিয়ভাৱে '''নেথমী ৰোচেল''' নামেৰে পৰিচিত, এগৰাকী [[শ্ৰীলংকা]]ন অভিনেত্ৰী আৰু মডেল।<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mxtube.net :: sri lankan acterss nethmi roshel Mp4 3GP Video & Mp3 Download unlimited Videos Download|url=http://mxtube.net/videos/search/sri%20lankan%20acterss%20nethmi%20roshel|access-date=2021-06-25|website=mxtube.net|archive-date=25 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210625171401/http://mxtube.net/videos/search/sri%20lankan%20acterss%20nethmi%20roshel|url-status=dead|archivedate=2021-06-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210625171401/http://mxtube.net/videos/search/sri%20lankan%20acterss%20nethmi%20roshel|deadurl=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=මම ඇත්තටම අහිංසක නැහැ හැබැයි මම නපුරුත් නැහැ|work=Aruna.lk|url=http://www.aruna.lk/%e0%b6%b8%e0%b6%b8-%e0%b6%87%e0%b6%ad%e0%b7%8a%e0%b6%ad%e0%b6%a7%e0%b6%b8-%e0%b6%85%e0%b7%84%e0%b7%92%e0%b6%82%e0%b7%83%e0%b6%9a-%e0%b6%b1%e0%b7%90%e0%b7%84%e0%b7%90-%e0%b7%84%e0%b7%90%e0%b6%b6/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Heartbeat|work=Mawbima|url=https://mawbima.lk/backend/uploads/e_paper/2019-11-10-Hadagesma1.pdf|archive-date=25 June 2021|access-date=25 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210625171400/https://mawbima.lk/backend/uploads/e_paper/2019-11-10-Hadagesma1.pdf|url-status=dead|archivedate=2021-06-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210625171400/https://mawbima.lk/backend/uploads/e_paper/2019-11-10-Hadagesma1.pdf|deadurl=yes}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web|date=30 November 2020|title=මුල් පිටුව|url=http://www.tharunie.lk/%E0%B6%85%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A/2020/12/02/3832/%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A-%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%80|website=তৰুণী}}</ref> তেওঁৰ প্ৰথম টেলিভিছনত উপস্থিতি আছিল টেলিড্ৰামা ''সাক্কাৰণ''ত, ইয়াৰ পিছত ''দেৱেণী ইনিমা''ত আকশাৰ চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰি তেওঁ ৰাইজৰ দৃষ্টি আকৰ্ষণ কৰিবলৈ সক্ষম হয়।<ref>{{Cite news|title=Adaraneeya Prarthana|work=Sarasaviya.lk|url=http://www.sarasaviya.lk/films-local/2020/12/03/19430/%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%96%E0%B6%B4-%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%A0%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8F-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%AB%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%94-%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%A7-%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%99%E0%B6%B1-%E0%B6%91%E0%B6%B1-%E0%B6%86%E0%B6%AF%E0%B6%BB-%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80}}</ref> তেওঁৰ প্ৰথম চলচ্চিত্ৰত উপস্থিতি আছিল ''আদৰণীয়া প্ৰাৰ্থনা''ত পাৰামী হিচাপে, যিখন ছবি ২০২২ চনত আন্তৰ্জাতিক আৰু ঘৰুৱা উভয়তে মুক্তি পাইছিল আৰু সমালোচকৰপৰা ইতিবাচক সঁহাৰি লাভ কৰিছিল।<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ceylon-Watchdog-205150653262748|date=2021-03-07|title=Ceylon Watchdog {{!}} Most Reliable News Web In Sri Lanka {{!}} ශ්‍රී ලාංකික දේශපාලනයේ නිරුවත|url=https://ceylonwatchdog.com/2021/03/07/nethmi-roshel-rogers-champion-stars-unlimited/|access-date=2021-06-25|website=Ceylon Watchdog|language=en-US|archive-date=25 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210625171401/https://ceylonwatchdog.com/2021/03/07/nethmi-roshel-rogers-champion-stars-unlimited/|url-status=dead|archivedate=2021-06-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210625171401/https://ceylonwatchdog.com/2021/03/07/nethmi-roshel-rogers-champion-stars-unlimited/|deadurl=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-11-30|title=මුල් පිටුව|url=http://www.tharunie.lk/%E0%B6%85%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A/2020/12/02/3832/%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A-%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%80|access-date=2021-06-25|website=তৰুণী}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=admin|date=2021-03-13|title=ආක්ෂාගෙ පවුලේ කවුරුත් නොටුදු ඡායාරුප 20ක්|url=https://news40times.com/2021/03/13/%E0%B6%86%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%82%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%99-%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%9A-%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%9C/|access-date=2021-06-25|website=News 40 Times|language=en-US|archive-date=25 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210625171401/https://news40times.com/2021/03/13/%E0%B6%86%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%82%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%99-%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%9A-%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%9C/|url-status=dead|archivedate=2021-06-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210625171401/https://news40times.com/2021/03/13/%E0%B6%86%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%82%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%99-%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%9A-%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%9C/|deadurl=yes}}</ref> == প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন == নেথমী নিষেকা ৰোচেল ৰজাৰ্ছৰ জন্ম ১৯৯৮ চনৰ ৬ নৱেম্বৰত শ্ৰীলংকাৰ কলম্বোত হৈছিল।<ref>{{Cite web|title=Adaraneeya Prarthana - - Sinhala Cinema Database|url=https://films.lk/adaraneeya-prarthana-sinhala-film-2399.html|access-date=2021-06-25|website=films.lk}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> তিনিজন ভাই-ভনীৰ ভিতৰত তেওঁ আটাইতকৈ ডাঙৰ আছিল। তেওঁ বোমিৰিয়া চেণ্ট্ৰেল কলেজত অধ্যয়ন কৰিছিল আৰু স্নাতক ডিগ্ৰী লাভ কৰাৰ পাছত ইউনিভাৰ্চিটি অৱ শ্ৰী জয়ৱৰ্ধনেপুৰাত নামভৰ্তি কৰে।<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.trendceylon.com/nethmi-roshel-rogers/|title=NETHMI ROSHEL ROGERS WIKI|accessdate=30 January 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|title=මම ආඩම්බර කෙනෙක් කියලා හුඟක් අය හිතන් ඉන්නවා – Nethmi Roshel Rogers|url=https://sinhala.lakvahini.lk/2020/09/%E0%B6%B8%E0%B6%B8-%E0%B6%86%E0%B6%A9%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B6%E0%B6%BB-%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%99%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%99%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A-%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8F-%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%94/|journal=Sinhala.lakvahini.lk}}{{Dead link|date=September 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ২০১৯ চনত তেওঁ ‘জাতিকা ৰূপবাহিনী অউৰুডু কুমাৰী’ত প্ৰথম স্থান দখল কৰে,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-05-26|title=Nethmi Roshel Rogers Profile {{!}} Wiki {{!}} Gallery {{!}} News {{!}} Movies {{!}} Awards|url=https://www.trendceylon.com/nethmi-roshel-rogers/|access-date=2021-06-29|website=Trendceylon.com|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Adaraneeya Prarthana (Film) Official Website|url=https://adaraneeyaprarthana.com/|access-date=2021-06-25|language=en-US|archivedate=2020-11-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201119184351/https://adaraneeyaprarthana.com/|deadurl=yes}}</ref> আৰু "মিছ ফটোজেনিক ২০১৯" খিতাপ লাভ কৰে। বৰ্তমান উচ্চশিক্ষা গ্ৰহণ কৰাৰ সমান্তৰালভাৱে তেওঁ অভিনেত্ৰী, মডেল আৰু ব্ৰেণ্ড এম্বেচেডৰ হিচাপে কাম কৰি আছে। == কৰ্মজীৱন == টেলিভিছন আৰু চলচ্চিত্ৰৰ উপৰি ৰজাৰ্ছে কেইবাটাও প্ৰচাৰমূলক ফটোশ্বুটৰ বাবে মডেল হিচাপে কাম কৰিছে। তেওঁ ‘টেকনো কেমন’ আৰু ‘নেচকাফে’ৰ দৰে ব্ৰেণ্ডৰ এগৰাকী ব্ৰেণ্ড এম্বেচেডৰ। === টেলিভিছন === ছিৰাচা টিভিত সম্প্ৰচাৰিত টেলিড্ৰামা ''সাক্কাৰণ''ত ‘জয়ৱতী’ৰ চৰিত্ৰত তেওঁ টেলিভিছনত আত্মপ্ৰকাশ কৰিছিল।<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.deshaya.lk/article/52/%E0%B7%84%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BB/17144/%E0%B6%B8%E0%B6%B8-%E0%B6%85%E0%B6%AC%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B1-%E0%B7%84%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92-%E0%B6%B6%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92 | title=මම අඬන්න හරි බයයි }}</ref> লাহে লাহে লাভ কৰা জনপ্ৰিয়তাই তেওঁক টেলিভিছন ধাৰাবাহিক ''দেৱেণী ইনিমা''ত ‘আকশা’ৰ চৰিত্ৰলৈ লৈ যায়। একেদৰে তেওঁ ''হিৰু আৱিদিন'' আৰু ''ৰাৱণা'' (দ্বিতীয় ছিজন) আদি টেলিড্ৰামাতো অভিনয় কৰিছে। ২০২৩ চনৰ মে’ মাহত ৰজাৰ্ছে ৰণ্ডিকা গুণতিলকৰ বিপৰীতে টিভি দেৰাণাত সম্প্ৰচাৰিত ৰোমাণ্টিক মেলোড্ৰামা ধাৰাবাহিক ''ৰোচা''ত ‘ গৌৰী’ৰ চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰে। === চলচ্চিত্ৰ === ২০২২ চনত [[শ্ৰীলংকা]], [[আমেৰিকা]], [[অষ্ট্ৰেলিয়া]], [[কানাডা]], [[ইউ এ ই]] আৰু [[জাপান]]ত মুক্তি পোৱা শ্ৰীলংকান ৰোমাণ্টিক চিনেমা ''আদৰণীয়া প্ৰাৰ্থনা''ত ‘পাৰামী’ হিচাপে তেওঁ মূলসুঁতিৰ চলচ্চিত্ৰত আত্মপ্ৰকাশ কৰে।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.trendceylon.com/celebrities/nethmi-roshel-rogers/|title=Nethmi Roshel Rogers | Biography | Wiki | Age | Birthday | News | 2024|website=Trendceylon|accessdate=30 January 2024}}</ref> ছবিখনত আধুনিক যুৱ প্ৰেমৰ এক সতেজ উপস্থাপনৰ বাবে সমালোচকৰ প্ৰশংসা লাভ কৰে।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gVuPYV9ScZU|title=Adaraneeya Prarthana - Experience | නොවැම්බර් 4 සිට දිවයින පුරා‍‍... ආදරණීය ප්‍රාර්ථනා 🥰|accessdate=30 January 2024|via=www.youtube.com}}</ref> সমালোচকসকলে ছবিখনৰ অভিনয়, সংগীত আৰু চিনেমাটোগ্ৰাফীক উচ্চ প্ৰশংসা কৰিছিল। তদুপৰি ২০২১ চনৰ ডিচেম্বৰ মাহত তেওঁ জো ডিচানায়েকৰ নিৰ্দেশনাত নিৰ্মিত ''চেৰী ব্লচম''ৰ জৰিয়তে চুটি ছবিৰ জগতত ভৰি দিয়ে।<ref>{{cite web |title=Cherry Blossom 2021 sinhala short film sinhala article |url=https://gmwwcine.com/cherry-blossom-2021-sinhala-short-film-sinhala-article/ |website=gmwwcine |date=25 December 2021 |access-date=27 April 2022 |archive-date=7 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221207071244/https://gmwwcine.com/cherry-blossom-2021-sinhala-short-film-sinhala-article/ |url-status=dead |archivedate=7 December 2022 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221207071244/https://gmwwcine.com/cherry-blossom-2021-sinhala-short-film-sinhala-article/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref> একেদৰে ২০২২ চনৰ এপ্ৰিল মাহত টিভি দেৰাণাত সম্প্ৰচাৰিত আউৰুডু টেলিফিল্ম ''বসন্তে''ত তেওঁ ‘কটা-মালী’ৰ চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰিছিল। ৰজাৰ্ছে ২০২৩ চনৰ নৱবৰ্ষৰ প্ৰাকক্ষণত মুক্তি পোৱা টেলিফিল্ম ''আদৰ বসন্তে''ত লাভন অভিষেক আৰু অকিলা ধনুদ্দৰাৰ বিপৰীতে ‘বৰ্ষা’ৰ মুখ্য চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰিছিল। ইয়াৰ উপৰি ২০২৩ চনৰ ২৮ মাৰ্চত তেওঁৰ পৰৱৰ্তী মূলসুঁতিৰ চিনেমা ''কাম্বিলি''ৰ মুহুৰত অনুষ্ঠান সম্পন্ন হয়। ২০২৩ চনৰ ৯ ছেপ্টেম্বৰত অনুষ্ঠিত দেৰাণা লাক্স ফিল্ম এৱাৰ্ডছ ২০২৩ত ৰোচেলে ''আদৰণীয়া প্ৰাৰ্থনা''ৰ বাবে শ্ৰেষ্ঠ অভিনেত্ৰীৰ (মুখ্য চৰিত্ৰ) প্ৰথমটো মনোনয়ন লাভ কৰাৰ লগতে ‘পপুলাৰ এক্ট্ৰেচ’ বঁটাৰ বাবেও মনোনয়ন লাভ কৰে। ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== {{Reflist}} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== {{Commons category}} * {{IMDb name|12060910|Nethmi Roshel}} *[https://youtube.com/@nethmiroshelrogersofficial? Nethmi Roshel] at [[YouTube]] [[শ্ৰেণী:শ্ৰীলংকাৰ অভিনেত্ৰী]] [[শ্ৰেণী:মডেল]] pj30lmee3y6e62r7y87jyx36rqmrpiv 4 136690 605952 605724 2026-05-12T08:44:14Z যদুমণি 32127 /* যদুমণি গগৈ */ 605952 wikitext text/x-wiki ====[[সদস্য:Duhita Ragini Kalita|দুহিতা ৰাগিনী কলিতা]]==== # [[অজিত কুমাৰ বেনাৰ্জী]] {{accepted}} # [[কিম জি-ৱন]] {{accepted}} # [[ছং কাং]] {{accepted}} # [[চেন ঝেয়ুয়ান]] {{accepted}} # [[অক্ষয় খান্না]] {{accepted}} # [[চি কে জানু]] {{accepted}} # [[কুম্বৰজুৱা]] {{accepted}} # [[সীতা আম্মান মন্দিৰ]] {{accepted}} # [[সুবৰ্ণৰেখা নদী]] {{accepted}} # [[জল মহল]] {{accepted}} # [[ৰণবীৰ শ্ব’ৰে]] {{accepted}} # [[নাং মাই]] {{accepted}} # [[ৰাজাৰাণী মন্দিৰ]] {{accepted}} # [[গংগাৰ অৱতৰণ]] {{accepted}} # [[মেগান ইয়ং]] {{accepted}} # [[বিজয় বাৰ্মা]] {{accepted}} # [[ৰোহন পেথিয়াগোডা]] {{accepted}} # [[শ্বীবা চাদ্ধা]] {{accepted}} # [[শ্বৰীব হাছমী]] {{accepted}} # [[ৰাজপাল সিং যাদৱ]] {{accepted}} # [[সুৰু উপত্যকা]] {{accepted}} # [[ছিৰিন্ধহৰ্ণ]] {{accepted}} # [[ৰায়গড় দুৰ্গ]] 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কলিতা|ৰুণুমী বৰ্মন কলিতা]]==== # [[ঐতিহাসিক চহৰ আহমদাবাদ]] {{accepted}} # [[চণ্ডীগড় কেপিটেল কমপ্লেক্স]] {{accepted}} # [[দীঘা–সোণপুৰ দলং]] {{accepted}} # [[দ্ৰাস]] {{accepted}} # [[নীতা লুল্লা]] {{accepted}} # [[নেচনেল মিউজিয়াম অৱ নেচাৰেল হিষ্ট্ৰী]] {{accepted}} # [[পঞ্চৰথ]] {{accepted}} # [[পৰশুৰামেশ্বৰ মন্দিৰ]] {{accepted}} # [[বক্সা দুৰ্গ]] {{accepted}} # [[বুৰ্জাহোম প্ৰত্নতাত্ত্বিক স্থান]] {{accepted}} # [[মনসামঙ্গল কাব্য]] {{accepted}} # [[মুক্তেশ্বৰ মন্দিৰ]] {{accepted}} # [[যাজ্ঞবল্ক্য আশ্ৰম]] {{accepted}} # [[লীলা চিতনিছ]] {{accepted}} # [[লেছাৰ চুণ্ডা দ্বীপপুঞ্জ]] {{accepted}} ====[[সদস্য:দিম্পল দাস|দিম্পল দাস]]==== # [[আমেৰ দুৰ্গ]] {{accepted}} # [[খাজুৰাহো স্মাৰকসমূহ]] {{accepted}} [[শ্ৰেণী:ৱিকিপিডিয়া এছিয়ান মাহ ২০২৫]] 2r92ahlnf54tjcsk762uhauu20gcdqt 0 136820 605833 605826 2026-05-11T12:42:00Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 605833 wikitext text/x-wiki {{In creation}} '''নিৰ্দলীয়''' বা '''স্বতন্ত্ৰ''' ৰাজনীতিবিদ বা অসংলগ্ন ৰাজনীতিবিদ হ’ল আনুষ্ঠানিকভাৱে কোনো ৰাজনৈতিক দলৰ সৈতে জড়িত নোহোৱা ৰাজনীতিবিদ। প্ৰতিনিধিত্বমূলক গণতন্ত্ৰত নিৰ্বাচনী প্ৰক্ৰিয়া নিয়ন্ত্ৰণ কৰা প্ৰযোজ্য নিৰ্বাচনী আইন অনুসৰি এনে অসংলগ্ন ৰাজনীতিবিদসকলক ৰাজনৈতিক দলে মনোনীত নকৰে, বৰঞ্চ সাধাৰণতে যোগ্যসংখ্যক নাগৰিকে মনোনীত কৰে, যাৰ ফলত তেওঁলোক স্বতন্ত্ৰ প্ৰাৰ্থী, বা [[নাগৰিকত্ব|নাগৰিক]] প্ৰাৰ্থী হয়। দলীয় প্ৰাৰ্থীৰ দৰেই স্বতন্ত্ৰ নিৰ্বাচনী প্ৰাৰ্থিত্ব ব্যক্তিগত (একক আসনৰ নিৰ্বাচনী এককৰ বাবে একক স্বতন্ত্ৰ প্ৰাৰ্থী), বা সামূহিক (বহু আসনৰ নিৰ্বাচনী এককৰ বাবে নিৰ্দলীয় প্ৰাৰ্থীৰ নিৰ্বাচনী তালিকা) হ’ব পাৰে। কোনো ৰাজনৈতিক দলৰ সৈতে জড়িততা হেৰুৱা বা অস্বীকাৰ কৰাৰ পাছতো ৰাজনীতিবিদসকলে নিৰ্দলীয় হ’ব পাৰে। নিৰ্দলীয়সকলে কেতিয়াবা অন্য নিৰ্দলীয়ৰ সৈতে এটা দল, মিত্ৰতা বা কাৰিকৰী গোট গঠন কৰিবলৈ বাছি লয় আৰু সেই সংস্থাটোক আনুষ্ঠানিকভাৱে পঞ্জীয়ন কৰিব পাৰে। আনকি য'ত "স্বাধীন" শব্দটো ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়, তেনে মিত্ৰতাৰ ৰাজনৈতিক দলৰ সৈতে বহুখিনি মিল থাকিব পাৰে, বিশেষকৈ যদি কোনো সংগঠনে "স্বাধীন" প্ৰাৰ্থীসকলক অনুমোদন দিয়াৰ প্ৰয়োজন হয়। কোনোবাই নিৰ্দলীয় হিচাপে পদত অৱতীৰ্ণ হ’ব পাৰে বিভিন্ন কাৰণত। কিছুমান স্বতন্ত্ৰ ৰাজনীতিবিদে ৰাজনৈতিক দলৰ ধাৰণা বা ধাৰণাটোৰ সৈতে একমত নহয়; তেওঁলোকক ৰাজনৈতিকভাৱে দুৰ্নীতিগ্ৰস্ত বুলি গণ্য কৰা।<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Argote|first1=Pablo|last2=Visconti|first2=Giancarlo|date=2023|title=Anti-elite attitudes and support for independent candidates|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=18|issue=10|article-number=e0292098|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0292098|doi-access=free|issn=1932-6203|pmc=10569503|pmid=37824538|bibcode=2023PLoSO..1892098A}}</ref> আন কিছুমানৰ ৰাজনৈতিক মতামত থাকিব পাৰে যি কোনো ৰাজনৈতিক দলৰ মঞ্চৰ সৈতে মিল নাথাকে আৰু সেয়েহে তেওঁলোকে তেওঁলোকৰ সৈতে জড়িত নহ’বলৈ বাছি লয়। কিছুমান স্বতন্ত্ৰ ৰাজনীতিবিদ কোনো দলৰ সৈতে জড়িত হ’ব পাৰে, হয়তো ইয়াৰ প্ৰাক্তন সদস্য হিচাপে বা অন্যথা ইয়াৰ সৈতে মিল থকা মতামত থাকিব পাৰে, কিন্তু তাৰ নামত থিয় নহ’বলৈ বাছি লয়, বা প্ৰশ্ন কৰা দলটোৱে আন এজন প্ৰাৰ্থী নিৰ্বাচন কৰাৰ বাবে তেনে কৰিব নোৱাৰে। আন কিছুমানে ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় পৰ্যায়ত কোনো ৰাজনৈতিক দলৰ অন্তৰ্গত বা সমৰ্থন কৰিব পাৰে কিন্তু বিশ্বাস কৰে যে তেওঁলোকে আন পৰ্যায়ত ইয়াক আনুষ্ঠানিকভাৱে প্ৰতিনিধিত্ব কৰা উচিত নহয় (আৰু তেনেকৈয়ে ইয়াৰ নীতিৰ অধীনত হ’ব নালাগে)। কিছুমান ক্ষেত্ৰত কোনো ৰাজনীতিবিদ পঞ্জীয়নবিহীন দলৰ সদস্য হ’ব পাৰে আৰু সেয়েহে আনুষ্ঠানিকভাৱে নিৰ্দলীয় হিচাপে স্বীকৃতি লাভ কৰিব পাৰে। ==আফ্ৰিকা== ===আলজেৰিয়া=== ২০১৯ চনৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰপতি নিৰ্বাচনৰ প্ৰচাৰৰ সময়ত [[আলজেৰিয়া]]ৰ বৰ্তমানৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰপতি আব্দেলমাজিদ টেবুনে নিজকে নিৰ্দলীয় প্ৰাৰ্থী হিচাপে উপস্থাপন কৰিছিল। কিন্তু ১৯৭০ চনৰ পৰাই তেওঁ নেশ্যনেল লিবাৰেশ্যন ফ্ৰণ্ট (আলজেৰিয়া)ৰ কেন্দ্ৰীয় সমিতিৰ সদস্য হৈয়েই থাকে।<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-50782676|title=Algeria election: Fresh protests as Tebboune replaces Bouteflika|website=[[BBC News]]|date=December 13, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/algerias-fln-wins-most-seats-parliament-election-authority-says-2021-06-15/|title=Algeria's FLN remains biggest party after election|website=[[Reuters]]|date=June 15, 2021}}</ref> ২০২৫ চনলৈকে আলজেৰিয়াৰ প্ৰধানমন্ত্ৰী হিচাপে থকা নাদিৰ লাৰবাউইও এজন নিৰ্দলীয় আছিল।<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-11-13 |title=Algeria appoints a new prime minister to prepare for President Tebboune's second term |language=en |work=Le Monde.fr |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/en/le-monde-africa/article/2023/11/13/algeria-appoints-a-new-prime-minister-to-prepare-for-president-tebboune-s-second-term_6249854_124.html |access-date=2023-06-15}}</ref> ===লিবিয়া=== মুয়াম্মাৰ গাদ্দাফিৰ শাসনকালত বেছিভাগ ৰাজনৈতিক দল নিষিদ্ধ কৰা হৈছিল; গাদ্দাফি নিজেই কোনো দলৰ নাছিল। তেওঁৰ পতনৰ পিছত ৰাজনৈতিক দল গঠন হ’বলৈ আৰম্ভ কৰে যদিও এতিয়াও লিবিয়াৰ সমাজত ইয়াৰ কোনো ডাঙৰ ভূমিকা নাই।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mei.edu/publications/libyas-ongoing-debate-over-role-political-parties|title=Libya's ongoing debate over the role of political parties|website=[[Middle East Institute]]|date=June 26, 2023|last1=Fitzgerald|first1=Mary}}</ref> ===নামিবিয়া=== ২০২০ চনৰ নামিবিয়াৰ স্থানীয় আৰু আঞ্চলিক নিৰ্বাচনত নিৰ্দলীয় ৰাজনীতিবিদসকলে চাৰিখন আসন লাভ কৰে।{{Citation needed}} ===টিউনিছিয়া=== টিউনিছিয়াৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰপতি কাইছ ছাইদ ২০১৯ চনত নিৰ্বাচিত হৈছিল আৰু ২০২৪ চনত নিজকে নিৰ্দলীয় হিচাপে উপস্থাপন কৰি পুনৰ নিৰ্বাচিত হৈছিল। চৰকাৰৰ মুৰব্বী হিচেম মেচিচি, নাজলা বৌডেন, আহমেদ হাচানি আৰু কামেল মাদৌৰীৰো কোনো চৰকাৰী ৰাজনৈতিক সংযোগৰ অভাৱ।{{Citation needed}} ==আমেৰিকা== ===ব্ৰাজিল=== [[ব্ৰাজিল]]ত স্বতন্ত্ৰ ৰাজনীতিবিদক নিৰ্বাচনত অৱতীৰ্ণ হ’বলৈ দিয়া হোৱা নাই। ১৯৮৮ চনৰ সংবিধানে ১৪ নং অনুচ্ছেদ, §৩ নং, আইটেম V ত কয় যে "যোগ্যতাৰ বাবে চৰ্ত হৈছে: V-দলৰ সংযোগ"।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/constituicao/constituicaocompilado.htm|title=Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil de 1988|publisher=Palácio do Planalto|language=pt|date=5 October 1988|access-date=31 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160505161928/http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/constituicao/ConstituicaoCompilado.htm|archive-date=5 May 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> অৱশ্যে সংবিধান সংশোধনীৰ প্ৰস্তাৱ (পিইচি) নং. ৬/২০১৫, স্বতন্ত্ৰ চিনেটৰ জোচে ৰেগুফেৰ দ্বাৰা ৰচিত, যিসকল ব্যক্তিৰ স্বতন্ত্ৰ প্ৰাৰ্থীত্বৰ অনুমতি দিব, যিসকলৰ সমৰ্থনত কমেও ১% নিৰ্বাচকৰ সমৰ্থন আছে, যি অঞ্চলত (নিৰ্বাচনৰ ওপৰত নিৰ্ভৰ কৰি চহৰ, ৰাজ্য বা দেশ) নিৰ্বাচনত অৱতীৰ্ণ হৈছে।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www12.senado.leg.br/noticias/materias/2015/02/10/pec-propoe-candidatura-avulsa-independente-de-filiacao-partidaria|title=PEC permite candidatura avulsa a cargos eletivos|publisher=Senado Notícias|language=pt|date=10 February 2015|access-date=31 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170401145849/http://www12.senado.leg.br/noticias/materias/2015/02/10/pec-propoe-candidatura-avulsa-independente-de-filiacao-partidaria|archive-date=1 April 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www25.senado.leg.br/web/atividade/materias/-/materia/119631|title=Proposta de Emenda à Constituição nº6, de 2015|publisher=Senado Federal|last=Reguffe|first=José|language=pt|access-date=31 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170401145938/http://www25.senado.leg.br/web/atividade/materias/-/materia/119631|archive-date=1 April 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> বৰ্তমান ২০১৬ চনত ডেম’ক্ৰেটিক লেবাৰ পাৰ্টি (পিডিটি) এৰি যোৱা চিনেটৰ ৰেগাফেৰ দৰেই বিধায়িনী দলৰ সদস্যসকলে নিৰ্বাচিত হোৱাৰ পিছত নিজ নিজ দল এৰিব পাৰে।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www25.senado.leg.br/web/senadores/senador/-/perfil/5236|title=Senador Reguffe|publisher=Senado Federal|language=pt|access-date=31 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170316181919/https://www25.senado.leg.br/web/senadores/senador/-/perfil/5236|archive-date=16 March 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> ২০১৯ চনৰ পৰা ২০২১ চনৰ ভিতৰত [[জয়ৰ বলছ’নাৰো]] স্বাধীন আছিল। ===কানাডা=== ====ফেডাৰেল ৰাজনীতি==== কানাডাৰ ফেডাৰেল ৰাজনীতিত হাউছ অৱ কমনছ আৰু চেনেট দুয়োটাৰে সদস্যই কোনো ৰাজনৈতিক দলৰ সদস্য নহৈ কাৰ্যভাৰ গ্ৰহণ কৰাৰ অনুমতি দিয়া হয়। ফেডাৰেল নিৰ্বাচনত যিসকল প্ৰাৰ্থী কোনো দলৰ সৈতে জড়িত নহয় তেওঁলোকৰ দুটা বিকল্প থাকে: স্বাধীন বা কোনো সংযুক্ত নহয়। পূৰ্বৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত তেওঁলোকৰ নামৰ পিছত "স্বাধীন" লিখি বেলটত দেখা দিয়ে; দ্বিতীয় ক্ষেত্ৰত কেৱল নাম লৈহে দেখা দিয়ে। অন্যথা দুয়োটা বিকল্প সমতুল্য। =====হাউচ অৱ কমনছ===== [[কানাডা]]ৰ প্ৰাথমিক সংসদৰ সময়ছোৱাত লিবাৰেল আৰু কনজাৰ্ভেটিভ দুয়োটা দলৰ মাজত সুসংহত ৰাজনৈতিক পৰিচয়ৰ অভাৱৰ বাবে সংসদৰ সদস্যসকলে (এম পি) মাজে মাজে বিৰোধীৰ সৈতে মিল থকা ভোটদান কৰি নিজৰ দলৰপৰা স্বাধীনতা প্ৰদৰ্শন কৰা বুলি জনা যায়।<ref name="GodboutHoyland2013">{{Cite journal |last1=Godbout |first1=Jean-François |last2=Høyland |first2=Bjørn |date=23 September 2013 |title=The Emergence of Parties in the Canadian House of Commons (1867–1908) |journal=Canadian Journal of Political Science |volume=46 |issue=4 |pages=774, 789, 793 |doi=10.1017/s0008423913000632 |s2cid=155036384 |issn=0008-4239}}</ref> সাধাৰণতে এই সাংসদসকলে স্বতন্ত্ৰভাৱে কাম কৰাৰ কাৰণ হোৱা বিষয়বোৰ ধৰ্মীয় প্ৰকৃতিৰ আছিল।<ref name="GodboutHoyland2013" /> কানাডাৰ প্ৰথম দহখন সংসদৰ সময়ছোৱাত এই উত্তেজনাবোৰ বিয়পিবলৈ ধৰিলে কাৰণ প্ৰধান ৰাজনৈতিক দলসমূহে সামঞ্জস্যপূৰ্ণ পৰিচয় গঠন কৰিবলৈ আৰম্ভ কৰিলে আৰু সাংসদসকলে তেওঁলোকৰ মূল মূল্যবোধসমূহৰ অধিক ঘনিষ্ঠভাৱে ভাগ কৰা বুলি জনা দলসমূহৰ সৈতে নিজকে জড়িত কৰিবলৈ আৰম্ভ কৰিলে। ইয়াৰ ফলত দল আৰু সাংসদসকলৰ মাজত সংহতি বৃদ্ধি পায়, আৰু সাংসদসকলে স্বতন্ত্ৰভাৱে কাম কৰাৰ কাৰণ আৰু প্ৰেৰণা ন্যূনতম হৈ পৰে।<ref name="GodboutHoyland2013" /> একবিংশ শতিকাৰ কানাডাৰ হাউছ অৱ কমনছৰ বহু পৰ্যবেক্ষকে ইয়াৰ অবিশ্বাস্যভাৱে উচ্চ দলীয় অনুশাসন লক্ষ্য কৰিছে। যিকোনো আইনত নিজৰ দলৰ আনুষ্ঠানিক স্থিতিৰ বিৰুদ্ধে ভোট দিবলৈ বাছি লোৱা সাংসদ কমেইহে আছে।<ref name="Marland2020">{{Cite book |last=Marland |first=Alex |title=Whipped: party discipline in Canada |date=2020 |isbn=978-0-7748-6498-5 |location=Vancouver |page=8 |oclc=1156987615 |publisher= UBC Press }}</ref> ২০১১ চনৰপৰা ২০১৩ চনৰ ভিতৰত—২০১১ চনৰ কানাডাৰ ফেডাৰেল নিৰ্বাচনৰ পিছত ৪১সংখ্যক কানাডাৰ সংসদৰ প্ৰথম দুবছৰ— শাসকীয় কনজাৰ্ভেটিভ পাৰ্টিৰ নিৰ্বাচিত সদস্যসকলে সকলো ভোটৰ ৭৬% ভোটত এক ঐক্যবদ্ধ গোট হিচাপে ভোটদান কৰিছিল, আনহাতে লিবাৰেল পাৰ্টিৰ সদস্যসকলে সকলো ভোটৰ ৯০% ভোটত ভোটদান কৰিছিল আৰু নিউ ডেম’ক্ৰেটিক পাৰ্টিৰ (এনডিপি) সদস্যসকলে ভোটদান কৰিছিল ১০০% ভোট।<ref name="Marland2020" /> এই ঐক্য পৰৱৰ্তী বছৰবোৰত আৰু বৃদ্ধি পালে, কিয়নো ২০১৫ চনৰ নিৰ্বাচনৰ পিছত ৪২সংখ্যক সংসদত শাসকীয় লিবাৰেল সাংসদসকলে সকলো ভোটৰ ৯৯.৬%, কনজাৰ্ভেটিভ সাংসদসকলে ৯৯.৫% ভোটত আৰু এনডিপিৰ সাংসদসকলে ৯৯.৮% ভোটত একেদৰে ভোটদান কৰে।<ref name="Marland2020" /> (৪১ আৰু ৪২ নং সংসদত চৰকাৰী দলৰ মৰ্যাদা লাভ কৰিব পৰাকৈ যথেষ্ট সাংসদ থকা একমাত্ৰ তিনিটা দল আছিল কনজাৰ্ভেটিভ, লিবাৰেল, এনডিপি। ) এই শক্তিশালী দলীয় অনুশাসনৰ বাবেই অন্যথা যিকোনো মূল ৰাজনৈতিক দলৰ সৈতে জড়িত ৰাজনীতিবিদসকলে নিজৰ দলৰপৰা স্বাধীনভাৱে কাম কৰাটো অস্বাভাৱিক। যদিও ৰাজনীতিবিদসকলে স্বতন্ত্ৰ সাংসদ হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰাটো গ্ৰহণযোগ্য আৰু গ্ৰহণযোগ্য, তথাপি যিসকলে তেনেদৰে নিৰ্বাচনত অৱতীৰ্ণ হ’বলৈ চেষ্টা কৰে তেওঁলোকে প্ৰায়ে প্ৰধান দলসমূহৰ সম্পদৰ সুবিধা নোহোৱাকৈ নিৰ্বাচিত হ’বলৈ সংগ্ৰাম কৰে। ফলত আধুনিক কানাডাৰ সংসদসমূহৰ ভিতৰত এজন বা দুজনতকৈ অধিক স্বতন্ত্ৰ সাংসদ খুব কমেইহে থাকে, যিসকলে তেনেকৈ বহি থাকে, তেওঁলোকে স্বেচ্ছাই যোৱাৰ আগতে বা আঁতৰোৱাৰ আগতে প্ৰথমতে কোনো ডাঙৰ দলৰ অংশ হিচাপে নিৰ্বাচিত হয়।<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 May 2019 |title=Independent MPs usually start off in parties and rarely win an election |url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/article/independent-mps-usually-start-off-in-parties-and-rarely-win-an-election/ |access-date=23 February 2022 |website=CTVNews |language=en}}</ref> ৪৪সংখ্যক কানাডাৰ সংসদৰ প্ৰথম বছৰত হাউছ অৱ কমনছত এজন বহি থকা স্বতন্ত্ৰ সদস্য আছিল: স্পাডিনাৰ অণ্টাৰিঅ’ নিৰ্বাচনী জিলা বা ৰাইডিং—ফ’ৰ্ট ইয়ৰ্কৰ কেভিন ৱুং।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Current Members of Parliament - Members of Parliament |url=https://www.ourcommons.ca/members/en/search?caucusId=8&province=all&gender=all |access-date=23 February 2022 |website=House of Commons of Canada }}</ref> ২০২১ চনৰ ফেডাৰেল নিৰ্বাচনৰ সময়ত ৱুঙে প্ৰথমে লিবাৰেল পাৰ্টিৰ সদস্য হিচাপে প্ৰচাৰ চলাইছিল যদিও ভোট শেষ হোৱাৰ দুদিন পূৰ্বে যৌন নিৰ্যাতনৰ অভিযোগক লৈ বিতৰ্কৰ বাবে তেওঁক দলৰপৰা বহিষ্কাৰ কৰা হৈছিল।<ref name="cbc20210922">{{Cite news |last=Burke |first=Ashley |date=22 September 2021 |title=Expelled Liberal candidate says he'll sit as an Independent as angry voters call for byelection |work=CBC |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/undecided-races-2021-federal-election-1.6185685 |access-date=23 February 2022}}</ref> লিবাৰেল পাৰ্টিৰপৰা অপসাৰণ হোৱাৰ পিছতো ৱুঙে নিজৰ ৰাইডিঙৰ বাবে নিৰ্বাচনত জয়ী হয় আৰু নিৰ্দলীয় হিচাপে নিজৰ আসন গ্ৰহণ কৰিবলৈ বাছি লয় যদিও এই সিদ্ধান্তই বিতৰ্কৰ সন্মুখীন হ’বলগীয়া হয় কাৰণ বহু ভোটাৰে ভোটদান কৰাৰ আগতে লিবাৰেলসকলে তেওঁক বহিষ্কাৰ কৰা বুলি নাজানিছিল।<ref name="cbc20210922" /> ২০২২ চনত ৰিচমণ্ড—আৰ্থাবাস্কাৰ ক্যুবেক ৰাইডিঙৰ সাংসদ এলেন ৰেইছে কনজাৰ্ভেটিভ ককাছৰপৰা পদত্যাগ কৰি নিৰ্দলীয় হিচাপে বহিছিল,<ref>{{Cite news |last1 = Connolly |first1 = Amanda |last2 = Boutilier |first2= Alex |title=Quebec MP Alain Rayes leaves Conservative caucus after Poilievre victory |url=https://globalnews.ca/news/9125865/alain-rayes-leaves-conservative-caucus-pierre-poilievre/ |language=en-CA |access-date=28 September 2022 |work=Global News }}</ref> আৰু ৪৪সংখ্যক সংসদৰ দ্বিতীয়জন স্বতন্ত্ৰ সাংসদ হৈছিল। শেহতীয়া বছৰবোৰত কানাডাৰ হাউছ অৱ কমনছত মাজে মাজে স্বতন্ত্ৰ ৰাজনীতিবিদসকলে যথেষ্ট ক্ষমতা দখল কৰিছে, কিয়নো কানাডাত একেৰাহে সংখ্যালঘু চৰকাৰ (২০০৪ চনৰ ফেডাৰেল নিৰ্বাচনৰ পিছত গঠন হোৱা সাতখন চৰকাৰৰ ভিতৰত পাঁচখন) পৰিচালিত হৈ আহিছে আৰু কেতিয়াবা স্বতন্ত্ৰ সাংসদে ক্ষমতাৰ ভৰসাম্যত ভাগ লৈছে। * ২০০৪ চনত ছাৰে নৰ্থৰ [[ব্ৰিটিছ কলম্বিয়া]]ৰ ৰাইডিংক প্ৰতিনিধিত্ব কৰা এজন স্বতন্ত্ৰ সাংসদ হিচাপে ছাক কেডমেন সদনলৈ নিৰ্বাচিত হয়। ১৯৯৭ চনৰ ফেডাৰেল নিৰ্বাচনত কেডমেনে প্ৰথমে ৰিফৰ্মৰ সদস্য হিচাপে ৰাইডিংক প্ৰতিনিধিত্ব কৰিবলৈ নিৰ্বাচিত হয় আৰু ২০০০ চনৰ ফেডাৰেল নিৰ্বাচনত ৰিফৰ্মৰ উত্তৰাধিকাৰী দল কানাডিয়ান এলায়েন্সৰ সদস্য হিচাপে পুনৰ নিৰ্বাচিত হয়। ২০০৪ চনৰ নিৰ্বাচনৰ বাবে তেওঁ কনজাৰ্ভেটিভ পাৰ্টি (২০০৩ চনত এলায়েন্স আৰু প্ৰগ্ৰেছিভ কনজাৰ্ভেটিভ একত্ৰিত হোৱাৰ সময়ত পুনৰ সৃষ্টি হোৱা)ৰ বাবে মনোনয়ন বিচাৰিছিল যদিও সফল নহ’ল। ২০০৪ চনত ৪৩% ভোট লাভ কৰি নিজৰ আসনখন অক্ষুণ্ণ ৰাখি ২০০৫ চনত তেওঁৰ কাৰ্যকালত মৃত্যু হয়। * ২০০৬ চনৰ ফেডাৰেল নিৰ্বাচনত ক্যুবেকৰ পৰ্টনিউফ—জেক-কাৰ্টিয়েৰ ৩৯% ভোট লাভ কৰি নিৰ্দলীয় আন্দ্ৰে আৰ্থাৰ নিৰ্বাচিত হৈছিল। সেই নিৰ্বাচনত তেওঁ একমাত্ৰ নিৰ্দলীয় আছিল যিয়ে এখন আসন লাভ কৰিছিল; ২০০৮ চনৰ ফেডাৰেল নিৰ্বাচনত তেওঁ ৩৩% ভোট লাভ কৰি পুনৰ নিৰ্বাচিত হয়। ২০১১ চনত আৰ্থাৰে নিজৰ আসন হেৰুৱাইছিল। * ২০০৭ চনৰ বাজেটৰ বিৰুদ্ধে ভোটদান কৰাৰ বাবে কাম্বাৰলেণ্ড—কলচেষ্টাৰ—মাস্কুডুবইট ভেলীৰ নোভা স্কটিয়াৰ ৰাইডিঙৰ সাংসদ বিল কেছিক কনজাৰ্ভেটিভ পাৰ্টিৰপৰা বহিষ্কাৰ কৰা হয়। তেওঁ নিৰ্দলীয় হিচাপেও কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল, তাৰ পিছত ২০০৮ চনত তেনেদৰেই নিৰ্বাচনত অৱতীৰ্ণ হৈছিল আৰু ৬৯% ভোট লাভ কৰি নিজৰ আসনখন অক্ষুণ্ণ ৰাখিছিল। ২০০৯ চনত কেছিয়ে কমনছৰপৰা পদত্যাগ কৰিছিল যদিও ২০১৫ চনত লিবাৰেল হিচাপে নিৰ্বাচিত হোৱাৰ সময়ত একেটা ৰাইডিঙতে পুনৰ উভতি আহিছিল, যাৰ নাম এতিয়া কাম্বাৰলেণ্ড—কলচেষ্টাৰ। * ২০১৯ চনত এছএনচি-লেভালিন বিষয়ক লৈ কেবিনেট আৰু লিবাৰেল পাৰ্টিৰপৰা বহিষ্কাৰ হোৱাৰ পিছত ভেংকুৱাৰ গ্ৰেনভিলৰ ৰাইডিংত নিৰ্দলীয় প্ৰাৰ্থী হিচাপে প্ৰতিদ্বন্দ্বিতা কৰিছিল সাংসদ জোডি উইলছন-ৰেব’ল্ডে। ৩২% ভোট লাভ কৰি তাইক সংসদলৈ ঘূৰাই পঠিওৱা হয়। ৪৩সংখ্যক সংসদৰ বাবে নিৰ্দলীয় হিচাপে বহি থকাৰ পিছত ২০২১ চনত উইলছন-ৰেব’ল্ডে পুনৰ নিৰ্বাচনত অৱতীৰ্ণ হোৱা নাছিল। =====Senate===== While traditionally framed as an "independent body of sober second thought", appointments to the Senate of Canada prior to 2016 were commonly seen as highly partisan, with the majority of Canadian senators identifying themselves as members of either the Liberal or Conservative parties and serving within their party's caucus.<ref name="Thomas2019">{{Cite journal |last=Thomas |first=Paul G. |date=2019 |title=Moving Toward a New and Improved Senate |journal=IRPP Study |pages=8, 17, 18, 24}}</ref> As these have been the only two parties to ever form government in Canada, only the Liberal and Conservative parties had been able to appoint new senators. Because Canadian senators are appointed by the [[Governor General of Canada]] on the advice of the [[Prime Minister of Canada|Prime Minister]] rather than being elected, senators were often accused of being appointed as a "reward" for service to the party in power,<ref name="Bridgman2020">{{Cite journal |last=Bridgman |first=Aengus |date=6 April 2020 |title=A nonpartisan legislative chamber: The influence of the Canadian Senate |url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1354068820911345 |journal=Party Politics |language=en |volume=27 |issue=5 |pages=1009–1016 |doi=10.1177/1354068820911345 |s2cid=216428911 |issn=1354-0688|url-access=subscription }}</ref> and once appointed, of simply repeating the points and positions of their counterparts in the House of Commons rather than acting as a means of truly independent policy review.<ref name="Thomas2019" /> In 2014, as a response to growing public disapproval of the Senate and the perceived problems brought about by senator partisanship, Liberal Party leader [[Justin Trudeau]] made the decision to expel all Liberal senators from the Liberal Party caucus. Trudeau would go on to call for an overall elimination of partisanship in the Senate and pledged to end the practice of partisan appointments for senators and transition to a new system of merit-based appointments if elected prime minister.<ref name="Macfarlane2021">{{Cite book |last=Macfarlane |first=Emmett |title=Constitutional Pariah: Reference re Senate Reform and the Future of Parliament |publisher=UBCPress |year=2021 |isbn=978-0-7748-6622-4 |location=Vancouver |pages=100–102, 104–105, 133}}</ref> Following the election of a Liberal [[majority government]] in 2015, the [[Independent Advisory Board for Senate Appointments]] was established with the goal of filling Senate vacancies through a selection process based on political knowledge, merit, and perceived ability to act independently of partisan affiliation.<ref name="Macfarlane2021" /> This push to remove partisan ties from the Senate resulted in the creation of the [[Independent Senators Group]], a coalition of both newly appointed independent senators and formally partisan senators who had relinquished their formal party ties, alongside the also independent [[Canadian Senators Group]] and [[Progressive Senate Group]].<ref name="Bridgman2020" /> By 2018, the majority of Canadian Senators were officially independent,<ref name="Bridgman2020" /> though some Liberal senators continued to remain affiliated with the political party despite no longer being permitted within the party caucus.<ref name="Thomas2019" /> Additionally, the Conservative Party elected not to remove its senators from the party caucus, and many Conservative Party senators kept their official partisan affiliations in public.<ref name="Thomas2019" /> During the 2019 federal election campaign, in response to reporters' questions, Conservative Party leader [[Andrew Scheer]] said that if his party were elected to form government and he became prime minister, he would reinstate the practice of partisan appointments to the Senate.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Scheer stands by vow to return to partisan Senate, make patronage appointments |url=https://globalnews.ca/news/5966549/scheer-senate-trudeau-partisan-appointments/ |access-date=28 March 2022 |website=National {{!}} Globalnews.ca |language=en-US}}</ref> The efforts to increase senatorial independence have led some to argue the Senate has developed an increase of importance and power in the legislative process. As of 2021, it was found that Canadian senators were facing increasing pressure from [[lobbying]] groups on a variety of issues, suggesting the more independent Senate has a greater perceived influence over legislative issues.<ref name="Bridgman2020" /> Additionally, following the appointment of senators through the Independent Advisory Board for Senate Appointments, there has been a noted increase in the number of amendments the Senate has proposed for legislation from the House of Commons.<ref name="Thomas2019" /> During the 42nd Parliament (2015–2019), the Senate attempted to amend 13 government bills, whereas during the 41st Parliament (2011–2015), it had attempted to amend only one government bill.<ref name="Thomas2019" /> The reformed Senate is noted as having proposed amendments on at least 20% of all legislation.<ref name="VandenBeukelCochraneGodbout2021">{{Cite journal |last1=VandenBeukel |first1=Jason Robert |last2=Cochrane |first2=Christopher |last3=Godbout |first3=Jean-François |date=11 August 2021 |title=Birds of a Feather? Loyalty and Partisanship in the Reformed Canadian Senate |journal=Canadian Journal of Political Science |language=en |volume=54 |issue=4 |pages=840, 841, 845, 846 |doi=10.1017/S0008423921000548 |s2cid=243704273 |issn=0008-4239|doi-access=free }}</ref> ======Criticism====== Several observers and those involved with the Senate itself have criticized the Trudeau government for its attempted reforms, with most accusations centering around the belief that the new appointment process is biased towards those who are ideologically supportive of the Liberal Party's objectives. Remaining Conservative senators have accused the Independent Senators Group in particular as being "too quick to endorse bills from the Liberal government".<ref name="Thomas2019" /> Supporting this claim, a 2021 study found that members of the Independent Senators Group voted in favor of legislation proposed by the incumbent Liberal government more consistently than any other group within the Senate, including those still formally aligned to the Liberal Party.<ref name="VandenBeukelCochraneGodbout2021" /> This was, however, among an overall trend in which all senators demonstrated lower levels of party loyalty, and as such its full implications are still unknown. The report also concluded that partisanship in Senate appointments was undeniably down when compared to the Senate prior to the reforms.<ref name="VandenBeukelCochraneGodbout2021" /> It is generally thought that it will only be possible to judge the success of the attempted reforms accurately when a non-Liberal government is elected to the House of Commons, at which point it can be observed if the noted trend in voting represents simple loyalty to the government, or loyalty to the Liberal Party.<ref name="VandenBeukelCochraneGodbout2021" /><ref name="Macfarlane2021" /> ====Provincial and territorial politics==== The territorial legislatures of the [[Northwest Territories]] and [[Nunavut]] are [[consensus government]]s with no political parties. All members sit as independents. There are a few independent members of the other provincial and territorial legislatures, which are similar in principle to the federal House of Commons; for example, in the [[2009 British Columbia general election]], independent candidate [[Vicki Huntington]] narrowly defeated incumbent [[Attorney General of British Columbia|Attorney General]] [[Wally Oppal]] in [[Delta South]]. In the [[2019 Newfoundland and Labrador general election]], two independent candidates were elected.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/newfoundland-labrador/eddie-joyce-wins-seat-1.5139625|title='Dwight Ball, you can dismiss me, but you can't defeat me': Eddie Joyce nabs seat once again|date=17 May 2019 |publisher=CBC News|access-date=17 October 2020}}</ref> ===Costa Rica=== Current laws in [[Costa Rica]] do not permit a citizen to run directly for any elected position as an independent without the representation of a political party.<ref name="regAL">{{cite web|title=Reglamento de la Asamblea Legislativa|url=http://www.pgrweb.go.cr/scij/Busqueda/Normativa/Normas/nrm_texto_completo.aspx?nValor1=1&nValor2=46479|language=es|access-date=2021-05-02|archive-date=2022-02-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220208034534/http://www.pgrweb.go.cr/scij/Busqueda/Normativa/Normas/nrm_texto_completo.aspx?nValor1=1&nValor2=46479}}</ref><ref name="contecAL">{{cite web|title=Consulta 104-2012 J*|work=Departamento de Servicios Técnicos de la Asamblea Legislativa de Costa Rica|url=http://www.asamblea.go.cr/sd/Reglamento_Asamblea/RAL%202014/Servicios%20Tecnicos/CON-104-2012%20J.pdf|language=es |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231216224015/http://www.asamblea.go.cr/sd/Reglamento_Asamblea/RAL%202014/Servicios%20Tecnicos/CON-104-2012%20J.pdf |archive-date= 16 December 2023 }}</ref> Any nomination must be made through a political party, due to the framework of the current legal system, in which the political parties have a monopoly on the nomination of candidates for elected positions according to the Electoral Code.<ref name="códigoelectoral">{{cite web|title=Código Electoral Nº 8765|url=http://www.pgrweb.go.cr/scij/Busqueda/Normativa/Normas/nrm_texto_completo.aspx?param2=NRTC&nValor1=1&nValor2=66148|date=2 September 2009|language=es}}</ref> However, becoming an independent politician after being elected is protected by virtue of Article 25 of the [[Constitution of Costa Rica]], which guarantees [[freedom of association]]; therefore, any citizen cannot be forced to remain in a specific political party and can join any other political group. It is common in each legislative period for some [[Deputy (legislator)|deputies]] ({{lang|es|diputados}}, term used for legislators) of the [[Legislative Assembly of Costa Rica]] to become independents; this has also happened with the [[mayor]]s ({{lang|es|alcaldes}}) of the municipalities of [[Cantons of Costa Rica|cantons]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Alcalde electo en Barva se desmarca del Frente Amplio: "No tengo relación con ellos" |url=https://www.elmundo.cr/costa-rica/alcalde-electo-en-barva-se-desmarca-del-frente-amplio-no-tengo-relacion-con-ellos/ |access-date=2 May 2021 |date=4 March 2016 |language=es}}</ref> ===Mexico=== [[Jaime Rodríguez Calderón|Jaime Heliodoro Rodríguez Calderón]] (born in 1957), sometimes referred to by his nickname "Bronco", is a Mexican politician and former governor for the northern state of [[Nuevo León]] and holds no political party affiliation. {{as of|2015|June|7|df=US}}, he was elected Governor of Nuevo León, making history as the first independent candidate to win in the country. ===United States=== <!-- [[Third-party and independent politicians in the United States]] and [[Independent politicians in the United States]] redirect here --> {{See also |Third party (U.S. politics)|List of third party and independent performances in United States elections{{!}}(List of third-party members and independents) ... in U.S. elections |Third-party and independent members of the United States Congress{{!}}...in U.S. Congress |List of third-party and independent United States state governors{{!}}... as state governors |Third-party members of state legislatures of the United States{{!}}... in state legislatures |List of party switchers in the United States{{!}}List of party switchers in U.S.}} ====President==== [[File:Gilbert Stuart Williamstown Portrait of George Washington (cropped)(2).jpg|thumb|[[George Washington]], the first [[president of the United States]], was an independent politician.]] [[George Washington]] is the only [[President of the United States|U.S. president]] elected as an independent to date. Washington opposed the development of [[Political parties in the United States|political parties]], which had begun to solidify as the [[Federalist Party|Federalist]] faction, centered around [[John Adams]] and [[Alexander Hamilton]], and the [[Democratic-Republican Party|Democratic-Republican]] faction, centered around [[Thomas Jefferson]] and [[James Madison]]. Washington feared that [[Partisan (politics)|partisanship]] would eventually destroy the country,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2017/01/washingtons-farewell-address-warned-us-about-hyper-partisanship-214616/|title=George Washington's Farewell Warning|last=Avlon|first=John|website=POLITICO Magazine|date=10 January 2017 |language=en|access-date=24 February 2020}}</ref> and famously warned against "the baneful effects of the spirit of party" in his 1796 [[George Washington's Farewell Address|Farewell Address]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.loc.gov/exhibits/creating-the-united-states/formation-of-political-parties.html|title=Formation of Political Parties - Creating the United States {{!}} Exhibitions |last1=Peale|first1=Charles Willson|last2=Madison|first2=James|date=1787–1812|website=Library of Congress |access-date=24 February 2020|last3=Sherman|first3=Roger|last4=Washington|first4=George|last5=Jefferson|first5=Thomas|last6=Monroe|first6=James|last7=Cooper|first7=Thomas|last8=Birch|first8=William|last9=Adams|first9=Abigail}}</ref> [[John Tyler]] was expelled from the [[Whig Party (United States)|Whig Party]] in September 1841, and mostly remained an independent for the remainder of his presidency. He later briefly sought election in [[1844 United States presidential election|1844]] under the [[Tyler Party]], but withdrew over fear he would split the vote and give the election to Whig candidate [[Henry Clay]]. Since 1900, candidates running as independents for U.S. president have included congressman [[John B. Anderson|John Anderson]] in [[1980 United States presidential election|1980]], billionaire entrepreneur [[Ross Perot]] in [[1992 United States presidential election|1992]] and [[United States third party and independent presidential candidates, 1996|1996]] (in 1996 under the newly founded [[Reform Party of the United States of America|Reform Party]]), former [[Green Party of the United States|Green Party]] candidate [[Ralph Nader]] in the [[United States third party and independent presidential candidates, 1996|1996]] and [[United States third party and independent presidential candidates, 2000|2000]] elections, and [[Never Trump movement|"Never Trump"]] conservative candidate [[Evan McMullin]] in [[2016 United States presidential election|2016]]. Out of all independent candidates since Washington, Perot performed the best, gaining no votes in the [[United States Electoral College|Electoral College]] but receiving 19 percent of the popular vote and, early in the election season, leading in polls against his opponents [[Bill Clinton]] and [[George H. W. Bush]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/06/11/us/the-1992-campaign-on-the-trail-poll-gives-perot-a-clear-lead.html |url-access=subscription |title=The 1992 Campaign: On the Trail – Poll Gives Perot a Clear Lead|date=11 June 1992|work=The New York Times|access-date=23 February 2020|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200411100640/https://www.nytimes.com/1992/06/11/us/the-1992-campaign-on-the-trail-poll-gives-perot-a-clear-lead.html |archive-date= Apr 11, 2020 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.realclearpolitics.com/lists/candidate_spenders/ross-perot.html?state=play|title= 10 Candidates Who Spent Giant Sums of Their Personal Wealth - Ross Perot (Lost)|website=RealClearPolitics |access-date=23 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1992 |first1=Michael |last1=Levy |title=United States presidential election of 1992 {{!}} United States government|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=23 February 2020}}</ref> Additionally, McMullin received 21 percent of the popular vote in his home state of [[Utah]] but received little support from the remainder of the country.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://apnews.com/7782fa79d87347fdb35b14f344776c2f |first1=Brady |last1=McCombs |first2=Michelle L. |last2=Price |title=GOP call to 'come home' helps Trump win big in Utah|date=9 November 2016|website=AP NEWS|access-date=23 February 2020 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200223085926/https://apnews.com/7782fa79d87347fdb35b14f344776c2f |archive-date=23 February 2020 }}</ref> Independent senator [[Bernie Sanders]] ran in the [[2016 Democratic Party presidential primaries|2016]] and [[2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries]], but ultimately did not appear on the ballot in either the [[2016 United States presidential election|2016]] nor [[2020 United States presidential election|2020]] presidential elections, though he did receive [[2016 United States presidential election in Vermont|more than 5%]] of the popular vote as a [[write-in candidate]] in his home state of [[Vermont]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://vtelectionresults.sec.state.vt.us/Index.html#/federal |title=Vermont Election Night Results |website=Office of the Vermont Secretary of State |access-date=12 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190528035300/https://vtelectionresults.sec.state.vt.us/Index.html#/federal |archive-date=28 May 2019 |url-status=live |archivedate=28 May 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190528035300/https://vtelectionresults.sec.state.vt.us/Index.html#/federal |deadurl=yes }}</ref> In [[2008 United States presidential election|2008]], Nader formed Independent Parties in [[New Mexico]], [[Delaware]], and elsewhere to gain ballot access in several states. In [[2024 United States presidential election|2024]], [[Robert F. Kennedy Jr.]] created "[[We the People Party (United States)|We the People]]" parties in several states for the same purpose, even though he is Independent.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bohannon |first=Molly |date=2024-01-16 |title=RFK Jr. Starting New Political Parties In Effort To Expand Ballot Access |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/mollybohannon/2024/01/16/rfk-jr-starting-new-political-parties-in-effort-to-expand-ballot-access/ |access-date=2024-06-23 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Large |first=Steve |date=2024-01-16 |title=RFK Jr. announces he is creating new party to get on California ballot in presidential run |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/sacramento/news/rfk-jr-announces-he-is-creating-new-party-to-get-on-california-ballot-in-presidential-run/ |access-date=2024-06-23 |website=CBS Sacramento |language=en-US}}</ref> Several other candidates for federal races, including [[Joe Lieberman]] (who created [[Connecticut for Lieberman]]), have pursued a similar strategy. ====Governor==== [[Illinois]], [[Maine]], [[Oregon]], [[Rhode Island]], [[Texas]], [[Alaska]], and [[North Dakota]] have elected formally independent candidates as governor: Illinois's first two governors, [[Shadrach Bond]] and [[Edward Coles]]; [[James B. Longley]] in [[1974 Maine gubernatorial election|1974]] as well as [[Angus King]] in [[1994 Maine gubernatorial election|1994]] and [[1998 Maine gubernatorial election|1998]] from Maine; [[Lincoln Chafee]] in [[2010 Rhode Island gubernatorial election|2010]] from Rhode Island; [[Julius Meier]] in [[1930 Oregon gubernatorial election|1930]] from Oregon; [[Sam Houston]] in [[1859 Texas gubernatorial election|1859]] from Texas; and [[Bill Walker (American politician)|Bill Walker]] in [[2014 Alaska gubernatorial election|2014]] from Alaska. [[Lowell Weicker|Lowell P. Weicker Jr.]] of [[Connecticut]] is sometimes mentioned as an independent governor, though this is not technically correct; he ran as an [[A Connecticut Party]] candidate (which gave him better ballot placement than an unaffiliated candidate would receive), defeating the Democratic and Republican nominees. Another former governor who is sometimes mentioned as an independent is [[Jesse Ventura]], who actually ran as a member of the [[Reform Party of the United States of America|Reform Party]]'s [[Minnesota]] affiliate, which later disaffiliated from the party and reverted to its original name, the [[Independence Party of Minnesota]]. North Dakota elected William Langer Governor in 1933 as a member of the Republican/Nonpartisan League. He was later elected Governor in 1937 as an Independent. In [[1971 Virginia lieutenant gubernatorial special election|1971]], State Senator [[Henry Howell]] of [[Virginia]], a former Democrat, was elected [[Lieutenant Governor of Virginia|lieutenant governor]] as an independent. [[1973 Virginia gubernatorial election|Two years later]], he campaigned for [[Governor of Virginia|governor]] as an independent, but lost by 15,000 votes. There were several unsuccessful independent gubernatorial candidates in 2006 who impacted their electoral races. In [[2006 Maine gubernatorial election|Maine]], state legislator [[Barbara Merrill]] (formerly a Democrat) received 21% of the vote. In [[2006 Texas gubernatorial election|Texas]], [[country music]] singer and mystery novelist [[Kinky Friedman]] received 12.43% of the vote, and State Comptroller [[Carole Keeton Strayhorn]] received 18.13%. Strayhorn and Friedman's presence in the race resulted in a splitting of the ballot four ways between themselves and the two major parties. In [[2010 United States Senate election in Florida|2010, Florida]] governor [[Charlie Crist]] left the Republican party and became an independent. (He later became a Democrat.)<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/10/27/charlie-crist-senate-race_n_774589.html |first1=Brendan |last1=Farrington |work=Huffington Post|title=Charlie Crist Comes Under Fire For Pulling Party Switch|date=27 October 2010|access-date=26 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305231220/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/10/27/charlie-crist-senate-race_n_774589.html|archive-date=5 March 2016}}</ref> He left the Republicans because he did not want to run against former state house Speaker [[Marco Rubio]] in the Republican primary for the U.S. Senate election, preferring to run in the general election instead. Rubio won the election, though Crist came in ahead of Democratic nominee [[Kendrick Meek]]. In [[2014 Hawaii gubernatorial election|2014]], former [[Honolulu]] mayor [[Mufi Hannemann]] ran as an independent candidate for the [[Governor of Hawaii|governorship]] of the State of [[Hawaii]] after previously campaigning in the state's Democratic primary. As a result, Democratic candidate [[David Ige]] was elected as governor with a plurality of 49%.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.kitv.com/politics/ige-takes-early-lead-in-hawaii-governors-race/29545058|title=Democrat David Ige elected Hawaii governor|date=4 November 2014|website=KITV|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141105212441/http://www.kitv.com/politics/ige-takes-early-lead-in-hawaii-governors-race/29545058|archive-date=5 November 2014|access-date=10 May 2026|archivedate=5 November 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141105212441/http://www.kitv.com/politics/ige-takes-early-lead-in-hawaii-governors-race/29545058|deadurl=yes}}</ref> Also in 2014, former mayor of [[Valdez, Alaska|Valdez]], [[Bill Walker (American politician)|Bill Walker]] won the gubernatorial election. Walker retired before the [[2018 Alaska gubernatorial election|2018 election]] but ran again in the [[2022 Alaska gubernatorial election|2022]]. He did not win but received 20% of the vote. ====Congress==== ===== House of Representatives ===== The [[United States House of Representatives]] has also seen a handful of [[Third-party and independent members of the United States Congress|independent members]]. Examples include [[Bernie Sanders]] of Vermont, [[Virgil Goode]] of Virginia, [[Frazier Reams]] of [[Ohio]], [[Victor L. Berger|Victor Berger]] of [[Wisconsin]], and [[Justin Amash]] and [[Paul Mitchell (politician)|Paul Mitchell]] of [[Michigan]]. ===== Senate ===== There have been several independents elected to the [[United States Senate]] throughout history. Notable examples include [[David Davis (Supreme Court justice)|David Davis]] of Illinois (a former [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]) in the 19th century, and [[Harry F. Byrd Jr.]] of Virginia (who had been elected to his first term as a Democrat) in the 20th century. Some officials have been elected as members of a party but became independent while in office (without being elected as such), such as [[Wayne Morse]] of Oregon, who left the Republican party to become an independent, then joined the Democratic Party two years later. [[Nebraska]] senator [[George W. Norris]] was elected for four terms as a Republican before changing to an independent after the Republicans lost their majority in Congress in 1930. Norris won re-election as an independent in 1936, but later lost his final re-election attempt to Republican [[Kenneth S. Wherry]] in 1942. ====== Since 2000 ====== Vermont senator [[Jim Jeffords]] left the Republican Party to become an independent in 2001. Jeffords's [[party switching|change of party status]] was especially significant because it shifted the Senate composition from 50 to 50 between the Republicans and Democrats (with a Republican Vice President, [[Dick Cheney]], who would presumably break all ties in favor of the Republicans), to 49 Republicans, 50 Democrats, and one Independent. Jeffords agreed to vote for Democratic control of the Senate in exchange for being appointed chairman of the [[United States Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works|Senate Environment and Public Works Committee]], and the Democrats held control of the Senate until the [[2002 United States Senate elections|2002 elections]], when the Republicans regained their majority. Jeffords retired at the end of his term in 2007. [[Dean Barkley]] of the [[Independence Party of Minnesota]] was appointed a day before the 2002 elections to fill the senate seat of [[Paul Wellstone]] who, while running for re-election, died weeks prior. Barkley refused to caucus with either party. In [[2006 United States Senate election in Vermont|2006]], independent politician [[Bernie Sanders]] won the Senate seat vacated by the retiring Jim Jeffords as an independent and was reelected in [[2012 United States Senate election in Vermont|2012]], [[2018 United States Senate election in Vermont|2018]] and [[2024 United States Senate election in Vermont|2024]]. He was an independent member of the [[United States House of Representatives]] for [[Vermont's at-large congressional district|Vermont-at-large]] from 1991 to 2007. Sanders is the longest-serving independent member of Congress in American history.<ref>{{cite web |date=14 September 2014 |title=Vermont Independent Sen. Bernie Sanders says he may run for president as a Democrat |url=https://news.yahoo.com/bernie-sanders-president-democrat-145640890.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141017230810/http://news.yahoo.com/bernie-sanders-president-democrat-145640890.html |archive-date=17 October 2014 |access-date=29 November 2014 |publisher=Yahoo! News}}</ref> Also in [[2006 United States Senate election in Connecticut|2006]], [[Joe Lieberman]] was a former [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrat]] and ran under a third party ([[Connecticut for Lieberman|Connecticut for Lieberman Party]]) after he lost the primary. After the election, Lieberman enrolled himself as an [[Independent Democrat]] until his retirement in 2013. In 2006, Sanders and Lieberman were the only two victorious independent candidates for Congress, both caucusing with the Democrats. In [[2012 United States Senate election in Maine|2012]], [[Angus King]] was elected to the U.S. Senate as an Independent from Maine. He was reelected in [[2018 United States Senate election in Maine|2018]] and won a third term in [[2024 United States Senate election in Maine|2024]]. During the [[presidency of Joe Biden]], former members of Democratic Party [[Kyrsten Sinema]] and [[Joe Manchin]] joined Sanders and King and became Independent Democrats. They are viewed as [[New Democrats (United States)|moderate Democrats]] or [[Conservative Democrat]]s, and cited increasing partisanship to explain their decisions.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Watson |first=Kathryn |date=2024-05-31 |title=Sen. Joe Manchin leaves Democratic Party, registers as an independent |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/democrat-joe-manchin-registers-independent/ |access-date=2024-06-23 |website=CBS News |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sinema |first=Kyrsten |date=2022-12-09 |title=Sen. Kyrsten Sinema: Why I'm registering as an independent |url=https://www.azcentral.com/story/opinion/op-ed/2022/12/09/sen-kyrsten-sinema-of-arizona-why-im-registering-as-an-independent/69712395007/ |access-date=2024-06-23 |website=The Arizona Republic |language=en-US}}</ref> After they changed their affiliations, the Senate had the highest number of independents in a single Congress since the ratification of the [[Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution|17th Amendment]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Winger |first=Richard |date=2024-05-31 |title=Senator Joe Manchin Changes His Registration from Democratic to Independent |url=https://ballot-access.org/2024/05/31/senator-joe-manchin-changes-his-registration-from-democratic-to-independent/ |access-date=2024-06-23 |website=Ballot Access News |language=en-US}}</ref> '''State and local independent politicians''' Independent politicians have also played notable roles at the state and local levels, often finding success in contexts where party affiliation is less dominant or elections are nonpartisan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=5 Ways Independent Candidates Contribute to Bipartisanship |url=https://goodparty.org/blog/article/5-ways-independent-candidates-bipartisanship |access-date=2024-11-16 |website=GoodParty.org |language=en}}</ref> '''Mayors and municipal leaders''' There have been many cases where independent candidates have made a large impact on elections and have even won, particularly in large cities. For instance, former New York City mayor [[Michael Bloomberg]] served as 2002 to 2013 as a Republican but for his third term he won as an independent.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Reichl |first=Alex |date=2023-06-05 |title=<i>Mayor Michael Bloomberg: The limits of power</i> , by Lynne A. Weikart <b> <i>Mayor Michael Bloomberg: The limits of power</i> </b> , by Lynne A. Weikart, Ithaca and London, Cornell University Press, 2021 |journal=Journal of Urban Affairs |volume=46 |issue=5 |pages=1086–1087 |doi=10.1080/07352166.2023.2201141 |issn=0735-2166}}</ref> Independent politicians have also led cities like [[Minneapolis]], where [[Charles Stenvig]] served as an independent mayor throughout the 1970s.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Manuel |first1=Jeffrey T. |last2=Urban |first2=Andrew |date=2008 |title='"You Can't Legislate the Heart'": Minneapolis Mayor Charles Stenvig and the Politics of Law and Order |url=https://journals.ku.edu/amsj/article/view/4011 |journal=American Studies |language=en |pages=195–219 |issn=0026-3079}}</ref> These leaders often emphasize pragmatic governance over party ideology, appealing to diverse voter bases. '''State legislatures''' While less common than in Congress, independents occasionally serve in state legislatures. [[Maine Legislature|Maine]] and [[Alaska State Legislature|Alaska]], in particular, have seen a history of independent state legislators. For example, in the [[Alaska House of Representatives|Alaska State House]], independents have sometimes played pivotal roles in coalition governments, demonstrating their influence in closely divided chambers. These legislators often prioritize regional or policy-specific issues over strict adherence to party platforms.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-12 |title=The rest of the country should learn from Alaska's successful ranked-choice voting experiment {{!}} Op-Ed |url=https://www.seattletimes.com/opinion/the-rest-of-the-country-should-learn-from-alaskas-successful-ranked-choice-voting-experiment/ |access-date=2024-12-03 |website=The Seattle Times |language=en-US}}</ref> '''Judicial and nonpartisan offices''' Many state and local offices, particularly in the judiciary, are officially nonpartisan, providing opportunities for independents to succeed.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Bonneau |first1=Chris W. |url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781135852696 |title=In Defense of Judicial Elections |last2=Hall |first2=Melinda Gann |date=2009-06-02 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-203-87699-2 |edition=0 |language=en |doi=10.4324/9780203876992}}</ref> For example, state superintendents of schools or city council members are normally politicians who identify as independent or with no party at all. This system allows voters to focus on the candidate's qualifications rather than party affiliation since this should not be stressed for these positions.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Jacobs |first=Richard M. |date=2016-12-06 |title=The Ethics Primer for Public Administrators in Government and Nonprofit Organizations (2nd ed.) |journal=Public Integrity |volume=19 |issue=3 |pages=294–298 |doi=10.1080/10999922.2016.1248882 |issn=1099-9922}}</ref> ==তথ্যসমূহ== {{reflist}} h7g26yyss7kz2pyyyt6oc6j7872fqbf 0 136831 605860 605560 2026-05-11T13:56:21Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 605860 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|New Year's Day on the Iranian calendars}} {{Infobox holiday | holiday_name = নৌৰুজ<br />{{nobold|{{Nastaliq|نوروز}}&nbsp;([[Persian language|Persian]])}} | type = Cultural<!-- this sets the banner colour, thus the closest attribute was chosen --> | image = {{multiple image | total_width = 290 | border = infobox | perrow = 1/2/2 | caption_align = center | image1 = Haft-sin, Nowruz, Still-life-3205068.jpg | alt1= = A haft-sin arrangement, traditionally displayed for Nowruz. | caption1 = A ''[[Haft-Sin]]'' arrangement, traditionally displayed for Nowruz. | image2 = Novruz holiday 1.jpg | alt2 = Nowruz in Azerbaijan | caption2 = পৰম্পৰাগত নৌৰুজ সাজ-পোছাকত আজাৰবাইজানৰ লোক | image3 = Mountain child.jpg | alt3 = Girl with torch on mountainside | caption3 = ইৰাণৰ পালাংগানত নৌৰুজ উৎসৱৰ প্ৰস্তুতিৰ সময়ত এজনী কুৰ্দিছ ছোৱালী | image4 = Traditional costume for Nowruz.JPG | alt4 = Kazakhs in traditional outfits during a Nowruz musical performance | caption4 = নৌৰুজৰ সংগীত পৰিবেশনৰ সময়ত পৰম্পৰাগত সাজ-পোছাকত [[কাজাখাস্তান]]ৰ লোকসকল | image5 = Nowruz in Moscow (2021-03-21) 01.jpg | alt5 = Nowruz in Moscow | caption5 = [[ৰাছিয়া]]ৰ মস্কোত নৌৰুজ উৎসৱৰ বাবে নাচি থকা স্বতন্ত্ৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰ কমনৱেলথৰ নাগৰিক }} | caption = <!-- Do not fill due to Template:Multiple image --> | nickname = <!-- Do not fill --> | observedby = ইৰাণী জনগোষ্ঠী আৰু প্ৰব্ৰজনকাৰী (মূলতঃ) <br />পাৰ্চী সমাজৰ বিভিন্ন জনগোষ্ঠী (বৰ্তমান) <br />{{Collapsible list | title = বৰ্তমান দেশসমূহ: | [[আফগানিস্তান]] | [[আলবেনিয়া]]<ref name="komunitetibektashi.org">{{cite web|title=The World Headquarters of the Bektashi Order&nbsp;– Tirana, Albania|publisher=komunitetibektashi.org|url=http://www.komunitetibektashi.org/in.php?fq=brenda&gj=gj1&kid=1|access-date=25 April 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110818091434/http://www.komunitetibektashi.org/in.php?fq=brenda&gj=gj1&kid=1|archive-date=18 August 2011}}</ref><ref name="officeholidays.com">{{cite web|title=Nevruz in Albania in 2022|url=https://www.officeholidays.com/holidays/albania/novruz|website=officeholidays.com|access-date=23 March 2021|archive-date=13 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413211151/https://www.officeholidays.com/holidays/albania/novruz|url-status=live}}</ref> | [[আৰ্মেনিয়া]]{{Efn|By [[Iranian Armenians]], [[Kurds in Armenia|Kurds]], and [[Yazidis in Armenia|Yazidis]].}} | [[অষ্ট্ৰেলিয়া]]{{Efn|By [[Iranian Australians]], [[Afghan Australians|Afghans]], and others.}} | [[আজাৰবাইজান]] | [[বাহৰেইন]]{{Efn|By the [[Ajam of Bahrain|Ajam]] (Iranians).<ref name="Gulf Hotel Bahrain 2019">{{cite web|title=Nowruz|website=Gulf Hotel Bahrain|date=4 March 2019|url=https://www.gulfhotelbahrain.com/nowruz|access-date=28 January 2023|archive-date=28 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230128225428/https://www.gulfhotelbahrain.com/nowruz|url-status=live |author1=Leena }}</ref>}} | [[Bangladesh]]<ref>{{cite news|title=Nowruz conveys message of secularism, says Gowher Rizvi|url=http://old.unb.com.bd/lifestyle-news/Nowruz-conveys-message-of-secularism-says-Gowher-Rizvi/67583|access-date=19 March 2019|newspaper=United News of Bangladesh|date=6 April 2018|archive-date=31 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331132549/http://old.unb.com.bd/lifestyle-news/Nowruz-conveys-message-of-secularism-says-Gowher-Rizvi/67583|url-status=dead|archivedate=31 March 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331132549/http://old.unb.com.bd/lifestyle-news/Nowruz-conveys-message-of-secularism-says-Gowher-Rizvi/67583|deadurl=yes}}</ref> | [[Canada]]{{Efn|By [[Iranian Canadians|Iranian Canadians]] and [[Turkic peoples]].}} | [[China]]{{Efn|By [[Tajiks in China|Xinjiang Tajiks]] and Turkic peoples.<ref name="xinhuanet.com">{{cite web|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/china/2011-03/21/c_13790562.htm|title=Xinjiang Uygurs celebrate Nowruz festival to welcome spring|publisher=Xinhuanet|access-date=20 March 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170312195916/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/china/2011-03/21/c_13790562.htm|archive-date=12 March 2017}}</ref>}} | [[Cyprus]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.newsincyprus.com/news/6421/nowruz-celebrations-in-the-north|title=Nowruz celebrations in the North Cyprus|access-date=10 June 2020|archive-date=26 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200326190455/http://www.newsincyprus.com/news/6421/nowruz-celebrations-in-the-north|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.kibrispostasi.com/c87-LEFKOSA/n279648-nevruz-kutlamalari-lefkosada-gerceklestirildi|title=Nevruz kutlamaları Lefkoşa'da gerçekleştirildi.|work=KIBRIS POSTASI |access-date=10 June 2020|archive-date=26 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200326190443/https://www.kibrispostasi.com/c87-LEFKOSA/n279648-nevruz-kutlamalari-lefkosada-gerceklestirildi|url-status=live}}</ref> | [[France]]{{Efn|By [[Iranians in France|French Iranians]] and others.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.servethecity.paris/2024/04/16/nowruz-celebration-with-vatandar-association-on-march-22nd-2024/ | title=Nowruz Celebration with Vatandar Association on March 22nd, 2024 | access-date=13 March 2025 | archive-date=18 March 2025 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250318071245/https://www.servethecity.paris/2024/04/16/nowruz-celebration-with-vatandar-association-on-march-22nd-2024/ | url-status=live }}</ref>}} | [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]]{{Efn|By [[Azerbaijanis in Georgia|Azerbaijanis]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Nowruz Declared as National Holiday in Georgia|url=http://www.civil.ge/eng/article.php?id=22108|access-date=11 March 2013|newspaper=civil.ge|date=21 March 2010|archive-date=18 September 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120918012356/http://www.civil.ge/eng/article.php?id=22108|url-status=dead}}</ref>}} | [[Germany]]{{Efn|By [[Afghans in Germany|German Afghans]], [[Iranians in Germany|Iranians]], and others.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.visitberlin.de/en/event/nowruz-and-spring-festival-2025 | title=Nowruz- and Spring Festival 2025 &#124; visitBerlin.de | date=8 October 2024 }}</ref>}} | [[India]]{{Efn|By [[Parsis]], [[Irani (India)|Iranis]], [[Kashmiris]], [[Deccanis]], and many [[Shia Islam in India|Shia Muslims]].<ref name="www.iranicaonline.org">{{cite web|title=Nowruz observed in Indian subcontinent|url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/nowruz-ii/|publisher=www.iranicaonline.org|access-date=29 December 2013|archive-date=3 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140303052911/http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/nowruz-ii|url-status=live}}</ref>}} | [[Iran]] | [[Iraq]]{{Efn|By [[Kurds in Iraq|Kurds]] and [[Iraqi Turkmen|Turkmen]].<ref name=IMFA>{{cite web|title=20 March 2012 United Nations Marking the Day of Nawroz|url=http://www.mofamission.gov.iq/usan/en/articledisplay.aspx?gid=1&id=6168|publisher=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Iraq)]]|access-date=18 April 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130513010944/http://www.mofamission.gov.iq/usan/en/articledisplay.aspx?gid=1&id=6168|archive-date=13 May 2013|archivedate=13 May 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130513010944/http://www.mofamission.gov.iq/usan/en/articledisplay.aspx?gid=1&id=6168|deadurl=yes}}</ref>}} | [[Israel]]{{Efn|By [[Religion in Israel#Baháʼí Faith|Baháʼís]] and some [[Iranian Jews]].}}<ref>{{cite web|date=19 March 2021|title=For Persian Jews, Passover Isn't the Only Major Spring Holiday|url=https://www.kveller.com/for-persian-jews-passover-isnt-the-only-major-spring-holiday/|access-date=28 February 2022|website=Kveller|language=en|archive-date=28 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228100542/https://www.kveller.com/for-persian-jews-passover-isnt-the-only-major-spring-holiday/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=20 March 2021|title=Welcome to the Baha'i New Year, Naw-Ruz!|url=https://bahaiteachings.org/welcome-to-the-bahai-new-year-naw-ruz/|access-date=28 February 2022|website=bahaiteachings.org/|language=en-US|archive-date=28 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228102044/https://bahaiteachings.org/welcome-to-the-bahai-new-year-naw-ruz/|url-status=live}}</ref> | [[Kazakhstan]]<ref name="stan" /> | [[Kosovo]] | [[Kyrgyzstan]]<ref name="stan" /> | [[Netherlands]]{{Efn|By [[Afghans in the Netherlands|Dutch Afghans]], [[Iranians in the Netherlands|Dutch Iranians]] and others.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.diplomataffairs.nl/iranians-celebrated-norouz-the-netherlands/ | title=Iranians celebrated Norouz "New Day" in the Netherlands &#124; Diplomat Affairs | date=2023 | access-date=13 March 2025 | archive-date=18 March 2025 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250318055855/https://www.diplomataffairs.nl/iranians-celebrated-norouz-the-netherlands/ | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.amare.nl/en/pQAkNtW/amarestories/nowruz-spring-festival-2023 | title=Nowruz Lentefestival 2023 }}</ref>}} | [[New Zealand]]{{Efn|By [[Afghan New Zealanders]], [[Iranian New Zealanders]], and others.}} | [[North Macedonia]] | [[Norway]]{{Efn|By [[Norwegian Iranians]] and others.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.nettavisen.no/norsk-debatt/det-minste-vi-kan-gjore/o/5-95-977130 | title=Det minste vi kan gjøre | date=19 March 2023 | access-date=13 March 2025 | archive-date=21 July 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230721065419/https://www.nettavisen.no/norsk-debatt/det-minste-vi-kan-gjore/o/5-95-977130 | url-status=live }}</ref>}} | [[Mongolia]]{{Efn|By [[Bayan-Ölgii Province|Bayan-Ölgii Kazakhs]].<ref name="discover-bayanolgii1">{{cite web|title=Discover Bayan-Olgii|url=https://discover-bayanolgii.com/|access-date=24 December 2018|archive-date=29 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220529040154/https://discover-bayanolgii.com/|url-status=live}}</ref>}} | [[Oman]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.alalam.ir/news/6095593/%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%86%D8%A9-%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86 | title=احتفال النيروز في سلطنة عمان - قناة العالم الاخبارية | access-date=28 April 2024 | archive-date=28 April 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240428091650/https://www.alalam.ir/news/6095593/%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%86%D8%A9-%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86 | url-status=live }}</ref> | [[Pakistan]]{{Efn|By [[Baloch people|Baloch]], [[Balti people|Baltis]], Parsis, Iranis, [[Pashtuns]], [[Wakhis]], and some [[Shia Islam in Pakistan|Shia Muslims]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.farsnews.ir/newstext.aspx?nn=13921228000132|title=Farsnews|publisher=Fars News|access-date=20 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151025022312/http://english.farsnews.com/newstext.aspx?nn=13921228000132|archive-date=25 October 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="ET1">{{cite news|url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/1360790/happy-navroz-karachiites-ring-persian-new-year-style|title=Happy Nauroz: Karachiites ring in the Persian new year in style|work=The Express Tribune|date=20 March 2017|accessdate=20 March 2021|archive-date=20 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210320134430/https://tribune.com.pk/story/1360790/happy-navroz-karachiites-ring-persian-new-year-style|url-status=live}}</ref>}} | [[Russia]]{{Efn|By [[Tatars]], [[Bashkirs]], [[Tabasarans]], and others.<ref>{{cite news|title=Россия празднует Навруз [Russia celebrates Nowruz]|url=http://rus.ruvr.ru/2012_03_21/69129482/|access-date=11 March 2013|newspaper=Golos Rossii|date=21 March 2012|language=ru|archive-date=2 May 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130502072914/http://rus.ruvr.ru/2012_03_21/69129482/|url-status=live}}</ref>}} | [[Sweden]]{{Efn|By [[Swedish Iranians]] and [[Kurds in Sweden|Kurds]].}} | [[Syria]]{{Efn|By [[Kurds in Syria|Kurds]].<ref name="damascusbureau.org">{{cite web|title=Arabs, Kurds to Celebrate Nowruz as National Day|url=http://www.damascusbureau.org/?p=1615|access-date=11 March 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130520184216/http://www.damascusbureau.org/?p=1615|archive-date=20 May 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>[https://www.csmonitor.com/2004/0323/p07s02-woiq.html ''For Kurds, a day of bonfires, legends, and independence''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200810180308/https://www.csmonitor.com/2004/0323/p07s02-woiq.html |date=10 August 2020 }}. Dan Murphy. 23 March 2004.</ref>}} | [[Tajikistan]]<ref name="tajikistan" /> | [[Turkey]]{{Efn|By [[Azerbaijanis in Turkey|Azerbaijanis]], [[Kurds in Turkey|Kurds]], and [[Yörüks]].<ref>[http://www.acarindex.com/dosyalar/makale/acarindex-1423867314.pdf ANADOLU’DA NEVRUZ KUTLAMALARI ve EMİRDAĞ-KARACALAR ÖRNEĞİ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220074017/http://www.acarindex.com/dosyalar/makale/acarindex-1423867314.pdf |date=20 December 2016 }} Anadolu'da Nevruz Kutlamalari</ref><ref name="Emma">Emma Sinclair-Webb, [[Human Rights Watch]], [https://books.google.com/books?id=ZwDxTvTlRuYC&pg=PA46 "Turkey, Closing ranks against accountability"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230312135804/https://books.google.com/books?id=ZwDxTvTlRuYC&pg=PA46 |date=12 March 2023 }}, Human Rights Watch, 2008. "The traditional Nowrouz/Nowrooz celebrations, mainly celebrated by the Kurdish population in the Kurdistan Region in Iraq, and other parts of Kurdistan in Turkey, Iran, Syria and Armenia and taking place around March 21"</ref>}} | [[Turkmenistan]]<ref name="sitara.com">{{cite web|title=General Information of Turkmenistan|url=http://sitara.com/turkmenistan/general.html|publisher=sitara.com|access-date=26 December 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120906043101/http://sitara.com/turkmenistan/general.html|archive-date=6 September 2012|archivedate=6 September 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120906043101/http://sitara.com/turkmenistan/general.html|deadurl=yes}}</ref> | [[ইউক্ৰেইন]]{{Efn|By [[Crimean Tatars]].}} | [[United Kingdom]]{{Efn|By [[Azerbaijanis in the United Kingdom|British Azerbaijanis]], [[Iranians in the United Kingdom|British Iranians]], and others.}} | [[United States]]{{Efn|By [[Afghan Americans]], [[Azerbaijani Americans|Azerbaijanis]], [[Iranian Americans|Iranians]], [[Kurds in the United States|Kurds]], and others.}} | [[Uzbekistan]] }} | date = ১৯ৰ পৰা ২২ মাৰ্চৰ ভিতৰত <ref name="LATimes">{{cite web|date=12 March 2021|title=Sweets for a sweeter Iranian new year|url=https://www.latimes.com/food/story/2021-03-12/sweets-for-a-sweeter-iranian-new-year|access-date=19 March 2021|website=Los Angeles Times|language=en-US|archive-date=18 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210318145309/https://www.latimes.com/food/story/2021-03-12/sweets-for-a-sweeter-iranian-new-year|url-status=live}}</ref> | frequency = বাৰ্ষিক | significance = [[March equinox|Vernal equinox]]; first day of a new year on the [[Iranian calendars]] and the [[Solar Hijri calendar]] | month = | startedby = | firsttime = | duration = | scheduling = | weekday = | alt = <!-- Do not fill due to Template:Multiple image --> | official_name = <!-- Do not fill --> | date2024 = 03:06:26, 20 March ([[UTC]])<ref name=7seen2024>{{Cite web|url=https://7seen.com/index1403.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323233647/https://7seen.com/index1403.htm|url-status=dead |title=7seen - Nowruz Persian New Year Countdown 1403 - 2024 www.7seen.com, Haft Seen spread 2024 - 1403, First day of spring: Vernal Equinox &#124; 7seen|archivedate=23 March 2024|website=7seen.com}}</ref><ref name=time/> | date2025 = 09:01:30, 20 March (UTC)<ref name=7seen2025>{{Cite web|url=https://7seen.com/index1404.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250127092948/https://7seen.com/index1404.htm|url-status=dead |title=7seen - Nowruz Persian New Year Countdown 1404 - 2025 www.7seen.com, Haft Seen spread 2025 - 1404, First day of spring: Vernal Equinox &#124; 7seen|archivedate=27 January 2025|website=7seen.com}}</ref> | date2026 = 14:45:59, 20 March (UTC)<ref name=7seen2026>{{Cite web|url=https://7seen.com/index1405.htm|title=7seen - Nowruz Persian New Year Countdown 1405 - 2026 www.7seen.com, Haft Seen spread 2026 - 1405, First day of spring: Vernal Equinox &#124; 7seen|website=7seen.com}}</ref><ref name="natakallam">{{cite web | url=https://natakallam.com/blog/nowruz-persian-new-year-celebration/ | title=Nowruz: A Celebration of Spring, Renewal & Resilience - NaTakallam | date=19 March 2022 }}</ref> | date2027 = 20:24:18, 20 March (UTC)<ref name=7seen2027>https://7seen.com/index1406.htm{{Dead link | date=January 2026 | fix-attempted=yes}}</ref><ref name="natakallam"/> <!-- | date2028 = 02:16:32, 20 March (UTC)<ref name=7seen2028>https://7seen.com/index1407.htm {{Bare URL inline|date=August 2025}}</ref><ref name="nws">https://www.weather.gov/dvn/Climate_Astronomical_Seasons</ref><ref name="wsf">https://www.worldspaceflight.com/addendum/equinox.php</ref> --> <!-- | date2029 = 08:01:03, 20 March (UTC)<ref name=7seen2029>https://7seen.com/index1408.htm {{Bare URL inline|date=August 2025}}</ref><ref name="nws"/><ref name="wsf"/> --> <!-- | date2030 = 13:51:15, 20 March (UTC)<ref name=7seen2030>https://7seen.com/index1409.htm {{Bare URL inline|date=August 2025}}</ref><ref name="nws"/><ref name="wsf"/> -->| relatedto = [[Chaharshanbe Suri]], [[Sizdah Be-dar|Sizdebedar]] }} '''নৌৰুজ''' (ইৰাণী ফাৰ্চী: نوروز নোৰুজ; আক্ষৰিক অৰ্থত "নতুন দিন") হৈছে ইৰাণী নৱবৰ্ষৰ নাম, যাক পাৰ্চী নৱবৰ্ষ বুলিও কোৱা হয়, যিটো প্ৰধানকৈ বিশ্বজুৰি ইৰাণীসকলে উদযাপন কৰে। ই মূলতঃ প্ৰকৃতিৰ উদযাপন, প্ৰকৃতিৰ উত্থান, ফুল, সতেজতা, সেউজীয়া আৰু উচ্ছলতাৰ এক দৰ্শনীয় দৃশ্য প্ৰদান কৰে। প্ৰাচীন পৰম্পৰা আৰু ৰীতি-নীতিৰে নৌৰুজ কেৱল [[ইৰাণ]]তে নহয়, চুবুৰীয়া কিছুমান দেশতো উদযাপন কৰা হয়। আন কিছুমান নৃতাত্ত্বিক ভাষিক গোট যেনে [[ভাৰত]]ৰ পাৰ্চী সম্প্ৰদায়েও ইয়াক নতুন বছৰৰ আৰম্ভণি হিচাপে উদযাপন কৰে। [[পশ্চিম এছিয়া]], মধ্য এছিয়া, ককেছাছ, ক’লা সাগৰৰ অৱবাহিকা আৰু বাল্কনত ৩,০০০ বছৰতকৈও অধিক সময় ধৰি ইয়াক উদযাপন কৰা হৈছে। ইয়াৰ উপৰিও ইৰাণী পঞ্জিকাৰ প্ৰথম মাহৰ (ফাৰৱাৰ্ডিন) প্ৰথম দিন। {{multiple image | border = thumb | perrow = 2/2 | total_width = 250 | image1 = Amu Nowruz.jpg | alt1 = | image2 = Haji Firuz on the road.jpg | alt2 = | caption1 = An Iranian actor playing as [[Amu Nowruz]], 2016 | caption2 = Iranian street performers playing as [[Hajji Firuz]] in [[Tehran]], 2013 }} == টোকা == {{notelist}} == তথ্যৰ উংস == {{reflist}} == অধিক পঢ়ক == * {{Cite journal|last1=Mozaffari|first1=Ali|last2=Akbar|first2=Ali|date=20 August 2023|title=Heritage Diplomacy and Soft Power Competition Between Iran and Turkey: Competing Claims over Rumi and Nowruz|journal=International Journal of Cultural Policy|volume=30|issue=5|pages=597–614|doi=10.1080/10286632.2023.2241872|doi-access=free|issn=1028-6632}}<!-- I can't figure out which volume and issue the article was published in—is it online only? --> == বাহ্যিক সংযোগ == {{Commons category|Nowruz}} {{New Year by Calendar}} {{Authority control}} [[শ্ৰেণী:ইৰান]] tlaz2gggw2fvv110og7kbd7c3xffi7m 0 136839 605836 605801 2026-05-11T13:00:52Z নৰুনা বৰুৱা 44897 /* ৰৌ কুকু */ 605836 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Egg-based Iranian dish}} {{Infobox food | name = কুকু | image = Kuku Sabzi (Iranian food).jpg | caption = ''Kuku sabzi'' (herb kuku) topped with [[berberis|barberries]] and [[walnut]]s | country = [[ইৰান]] | national_cuisine = ইৰাণী খাদ্য | type = অমলেট | course = [[Side dish]], [[main course]], or midday course | main_ingredient = কণী | variations = বনৌষধি কুকু, আলু কুকু, বেঙেনা কুকু | similar_dish = [[Frittata]], [[Quiche]], [[Eggah]] }} '''কুকু বা কুক''' (পাৰ্চী ভাষাত: کوکو ) কণীৰ লগত বিভিন্ন উপাদান মিহলাই তৈয়াৰ কৰা [[ইৰান]]ৰ ব্যঞ্জন। ই ইটালীয় ফ্ৰিটাটা, ফৰাচী কুইচ বা মুকলি মুখৰ অমলেটৰ দৰেই, কিন্তু ইয়াত সাধাৰণতে ফ্ৰিটাটাতকৈ কম কণী থাকে আৰু কম জুইত কম সময়ৰ বাবে সিজোৱা হয়, তাৰ পিছত ওপৰৰ স্তৰটো লুটিয়াই লৈ সজাই পৰিবেশণ কৰা হয় <ref name="Brown_1984">{{cite book |title=Vegetarian Cookbook |first=Sarah |last=Brown |publisher=HarperCollins |year=1984 |isbn=0-7225-2694-6|page=127}}</ref> বা কম সময়ৰ বাবে গ্ৰীল কৰা হয়।<ref name="Riley_2007">{{cite book |title=The Oxford Companion to Italian Food |first=Gillian |last=Riley |date=1 November 2007 |publisher=Oxford University Press |page=168 |chapter=Eggs}}</ref> ইয়াক গৰম বা ঠাণ্ডা ষ্টাৰ্টাৰ, চাইড ডিচ বা মেইন কোৰ্চ হিচাপে পৰিবেশন কৰা হয় আৰু ব্ৰেড আৰু দৈ বা চালাডৰ সৈতে পৰিবেশন কৰা হয়। <ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=19C3DnJyWE0C |title=A Taste of Persia: An Introduction to Persian Cooking |first=Najmieh |last=Batmanglij |date=24 October 2007 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |page=49}}</ref> == ইতিহাস == According to ''Breakfast: A History'', the earliest form of [[omelette]], which was introduced in [[ancient Persia]], was "nearly indistinguishable" from kuku.<ref name="Anderson2013">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5LghYCqDJw8C&q=earliest+omelette+persia&pg=PA65|title=Breakfast: A History|last=Anderson|first=Heather Arndt|date=July 11, 2013|publisher=AltaMira Press|isbn=9780759121652|language=en|page=65|access-date=November 18, 2020|archive-date=July 1, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210701192251/https://books.google.com/books?id=5LghYCqDJw8C&q=earliest+omelette+persia&pg=PA65|url-status=live}}</ref> Cookbooks from the [[Safavid dynasty|Safavid]] and [[Qajar dynasty|Qajar]] periods in Persia (Iran) mention kuku.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/coriander-coriandrum-sativum-l |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |title=Coriander |publication-date=31 October 2011 |volume=VI |page=273 |first=Hūšang |last=Aʿlam}}</ref> Qajar documents introduce it as a side dish.<ref name="Qajar">{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/qajar-14-cuisine |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |title=Qajar dynasty xiv. Qajar Cuisine |year=2015 |access-date=19 March 2015 |edition=online |first=Shireen |last=Mahdavi}}</ref> Herb kuku ({{Transliteration|fa|kuku sabzi}}), which is the most popular type,<ref name="Gilan" /> is served traditionally at [[Nowruz]], the Iranian New Year's Day,<ref name="Qajar" /><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/berenj-rice |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |title=Berenj "rice" |publication-date=15 December 1989 |volume=IV |pages=147–163 |first1=Marcel |last1=Bazin |first2=Christian |last2=Bromberger |first3=Daniel |last3=Balland |first4=Ṣoḡrā |last4=Bāzargān}}</ref> symbolizing a fresh start<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-10-23|title=Kuku Sabzi - No Dairy Frittata with Fresh Herbs|url=https://kitchenstarts.com/kuku-sabzi-no-diary-frittata-recipe/|access-date=2021-03-30|website=Kitchen Starts|language=en-US}}</ref> and also at [[Easter]],<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.latimes.com/food/la-fo-kuku-recipes-20170307-story.html |title=Say 'kuku' three times fast, then make the terrific Persian herb and egg dish for Easter brunch|first=Amy|last=Scattergood |work=Los Angeles Times |publication-date=13 April 2017}}</ref> which is celebrated by the [[Iranian Armenians]] and [[Iranian Georgians]]. ==ৰন্ধণ পদ্ধতি== [[File:Քուքու եփելիս.JPG|thumb|Cooking ''kuku sabzi'' (herb kuku) in a pan]] কুকু বনোৱাৰ পৰম্পৰাগত পদ্ধতি হ'ল কম জুইত তেলত ভাজি লোৱা আৰু তাৰ পিছত বন্ধ ৰন্ধন পাত্ৰত ভাপত দিয়া।<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/cooking |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |title=Cooking |access-date=28 October 2011 |pages=246–252 |volume=VI |first=Nancy Hatch |last=Dupree}}</ref> বেকিংও এটা জনপ্ৰিয় প্ৰস্তুতি পদ্ধতি। ইয়াক অতিৰিক্ত ডাঠ কৰিবলৈ চেনি যোগ কৰা হয়।<ref name="Gilan">{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/gilan-xxi-cooking |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |title=Gilān xxi. Cooking |access-date=29 June 2019 |edition=online |first=Christian |last=Bromberger}}</ref> চূড়ান্ত ৰূপটো হৈছে কেকৰ দৰে অমলেট যিটো সাধাৰণতে ৰুটিৰ সৈতে পৰিবেশন কৰা হয়, কিন্তু ভাতৰ সৈতেও পৰিবেশন কৰিব পাৰি – বিশেষকৈ উত্তৰ ইৰাণৰ গিলান প্ৰদেশত, য'ত পৰম্পৰাগতভাৱে ৰুটিতকৈ ভাত পছন্দ কৰা হয়।<ref name="Gilan"/> ==ভিন্নতা== Kuku is made with various ingredients and in a variety of styles,<ref>{{cite book |title=Persian Cooking: A Table of Exotic Delights |first=Nesta |last=Ramazani |pages=53–65 |chapter=Persian Souffles (Kookoo) |publisher=Ibex |year=1997 |isbn=0936347775 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GOidnQOUco0C&q=kookoo}}</ref> including herb kuku ({{Transliteration|fa|kuku sabzi}}), potato kuku ({{Transliteration|fa|kuku sibzamini}}), eggplant kuku ({{Transliteration|fa|kuku-ye bādenjān}}, {{Transliteration|glk|vereqā}}), roe kuku ({{Transliteration|glk|ašbal kuku}}), and yogurt kuku ({{Transliteration|fa|kuku-ye māst}}).<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/recipes/yogurt-kuku/8807/ |title=Yogurt Kuku |first=Julia |last=Ewan |publication-date=24 January 2007 |newspaper=The Washington Post}}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/carrot-the-taproot-of-daucus-l |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |title=Carrot |publication-date=15 December 1990 |volume=V |pages=13–17 |first=Hūšang |last=Aʿlam}}</ref> ===বনৌষধি কুকু=== Herb kuku ({{Langx|fa|کوکو سبزی|lit=kuku sabzi}}; {{Langx|az|göyərti küküsü|lit=green kuku}}),<ref>{{Cite web |last=Buyuran |first=Feride |date=2011-07-09 |title=Fresh Herb Kuku (Kükü) {{!}} AZ Cookbok |url=https://azcookbook.com/2011/07/09/fresh-herb-kuku/ |access-date=2022-09-08 |website=AZ Cookbook |language=en-US}}</ref> is the most common type of kuku.<ref name="Gilan"/> It is made of eggs and herbs such as leeks and parsley. Garlic, which is very popular in the northern regions of Iran, is also used as an ingredient.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/garlic |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |title=Garlic |publication-date=2 February 2012 |volume=X |page=315 |first=Etrat |last=Elahi}}</ref> Another variation is a recipe for walnut and herb kuku ({{Langx|fa|gerdu kuku}}''; {{Langx|az|qozlu kükü}}''), the addition of nuts changes the texture of the dish.<ref>{{Citation |title=Learn how to make walnut kükü |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_YsRKh_uejc |access-date=2022-09-08 |language=en}}</ref> ===বন্ধাকবি কুকু === Cauliflower kuku (''kuku-ye gol-e-kalam'') features caramelized onions and cauliflower.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Batmanglij |first=Najmieh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9co8YgEACAAJ |title=Food of Life: Ancient Persian and Modern Iranian Cooking and Ceremonies |date=2011 |publisher=Mage Publishers |isbn=978-1-933823-47-8 |pages=144 |language=en}}</ref> [[Najmieh Batmanglij]]'s early English-language Persian cookbook, ''Food of Life'' (1986) featured a version of the dish.<ref name=":0" /> ===আলু কুকু=== Potato kuku, or {{Transliteration|fa|kuku sibzamini}} in Persian,<ref>{{cite book |title=The Saffron Tales: Recipes from the Persian Kitchen |last=Khan |first=Yasmin |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |year=2016 |isbn=978-1408868744 |pages=76}}</ref><ref name="Qajar"/> is made of eggs, potatoes, spices like saffron, and/or turmeric, and other ingredients.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2021-11-10 |title=Kuku Sibzamini With Lemon Yogurt |url=https://www.bonappetit.com/recipe/kuku-sibzamini-with-lemon-yogurt |access-date=2023-12-06 |website=Bon Appétit |publisher=Condé Nast |language=en-US}}</ref> It has been compared to the [[Spanish omelette]] (a potato tortilla), and to [[latke]]s. ===বেঙেনা কুকু=== বেঙেনা কুকু,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2010/jan/02/aubergine-kuku-recipe-vegetarian-cooking |work=The Guardian |title=Yotam Ottolenghi's aubergine kuku recipe |first=Yotam |last=Ottolenghi |publication-date=1 January 2010}}</ref> পাৰ্চী ভাষাত কুকু-য়ে বাডেঞ্জান নামেৰে জনাজাত বেঙেনা আৰু কণী পিটিকা আৰু অন্যান্য উপাদান যেনে পাৰ্চলি, আখৰোট, পিঁয়াজ,টেঙা ৰঙা বাৰবেৰী ফলৰ সৈতে তৈয়াৰ কৰা হয়।<ref> {{cite book |last1=Ghanoonparvar |first1=M.R. |authorlink1=M.R. Ghanoonparvar |title=Persian Cuisine I: Traditional Foods |url=https://lccn.loc.gov/82061281 |date=1982 |publisher=Mazda Publishers |location=Lexington, Kentucky|lccn=82061281 }}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/badenjan-egeplant-aubergine |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |title=Bādenjān |publication-date=19 August 2011 |volume=III |pages=366–368 |first1=F. |last1=Aubaile-Sallenave |first2=ʿE. |last2=Elāhī}}</ref> ===ৰৌ কুকু=== ৰৌ কুকু, যাক গিলাকী ভাষাত এছবাল কুকি বা এছবাল কুকি বুলি জনা যায়,< ref name="Gilan"/> গিলান কুকু হৈছে এটা স্থানীয় প্ৰজাতিৰ মাছ (কেভিয়াৰ)ৰ কণী থাকে।<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/caviar |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |title=Caviar |publication-date=15 December 1990 |volume=V |pages=99–101 |first=Hūšang |last=Aʿlam}}</ref> ==তথ্যৰ উৎস== {{reflist}} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== * {{cite web |url=http://familyspice.com/recipes/recipe/?recipe_id=140 |title=Persian Herb Quiche &#124; Kookoo Sabzi (Kuku Sabzi) |work=Family Spice |last=Bashar |first=Laura |access-date=2014-10-14 |archive-date=2014-10-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141019000100/http://familyspice.com/recipes/recipe/?recipe_id=140 |url-status=dead }} * {{cite web |url=http://www.iranchamber.com/recipes/vegetarian/kookoo_sabzi.php |title=Kookoo-e Sabzi |work=Iran Chamber Society}} * {{cite web |url=https://www.splendidtable.org/recipes/cauliflower-kuku |title=Cauliflower Kuku |first=Najmieh |last=Batmanglij |work=Splendid Table}} *Baratzadeh, Emily. "[https://kitchenstarts.com/kuku-sabzi-no-diary-frittata-recipe/ Kuku Sabzi - No Dairy Frittata with Fresh Herbs]" Kitchen Starts. [[শ্ৰেণী:খাদ্য]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ইৰান]] kfb3i30vbq1og8k0zvrbannz942gcfs 605837 605836 2026-05-11T13:01:47Z নৰুনা বৰুৱা 44897 /* ৰৌ কুকু */ 605837 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Egg-based Iranian dish}} {{Infobox food | name = কুকু | image = Kuku Sabzi (Iranian food).jpg | caption = ''Kuku sabzi'' (herb kuku) topped with [[berberis|barberries]] and [[walnut]]s | country = [[ইৰান]] | national_cuisine = ইৰাণী খাদ্য | type = অমলেট | course = [[Side dish]], [[main course]], or midday course | main_ingredient = কণী | variations = বনৌষধি কুকু, আলু কুকু, বেঙেনা কুকু | similar_dish = [[Frittata]], [[Quiche]], [[Eggah]] }} '''কুকু বা কুক''' (পাৰ্চী ভাষাত: کوکو ) কণীৰ লগত বিভিন্ন উপাদান মিহলাই তৈয়াৰ কৰা [[ইৰান]]ৰ ব্যঞ্জন। ই ইটালীয় ফ্ৰিটাটা, ফৰাচী কুইচ বা মুকলি মুখৰ অমলেটৰ দৰেই, কিন্তু ইয়াত সাধাৰণতে ফ্ৰিটাটাতকৈ কম কণী থাকে আৰু কম জুইত কম সময়ৰ বাবে সিজোৱা হয়, তাৰ পিছত ওপৰৰ স্তৰটো লুটিয়াই লৈ সজাই পৰিবেশণ কৰা হয় <ref name="Brown_1984">{{cite book |title=Vegetarian Cookbook |first=Sarah |last=Brown |publisher=HarperCollins |year=1984 |isbn=0-7225-2694-6|page=127}}</ref> বা কম সময়ৰ বাবে গ্ৰীল কৰা হয়।<ref name="Riley_2007">{{cite book |title=The Oxford Companion to Italian Food |first=Gillian |last=Riley |date=1 November 2007 |publisher=Oxford University Press |page=168 |chapter=Eggs}}</ref> ইয়াক গৰম বা ঠাণ্ডা ষ্টাৰ্টাৰ, চাইড ডিচ বা মেইন কোৰ্চ হিচাপে পৰিবেশন কৰা হয় আৰু ব্ৰেড আৰু দৈ বা চালাডৰ সৈতে পৰিবেশন কৰা হয়। <ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=19C3DnJyWE0C |title=A Taste of Persia: An Introduction to Persian Cooking |first=Najmieh |last=Batmanglij |date=24 October 2007 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |page=49}}</ref> == ইতিহাস == According to ''Breakfast: A History'', the earliest form of [[omelette]], which was introduced in [[ancient Persia]], was "nearly indistinguishable" from kuku.<ref name="Anderson2013">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5LghYCqDJw8C&q=earliest+omelette+persia&pg=PA65|title=Breakfast: A History|last=Anderson|first=Heather Arndt|date=July 11, 2013|publisher=AltaMira Press|isbn=9780759121652|language=en|page=65|access-date=November 18, 2020|archive-date=July 1, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210701192251/https://books.google.com/books?id=5LghYCqDJw8C&q=earliest+omelette+persia&pg=PA65|url-status=live}}</ref> Cookbooks from the [[Safavid dynasty|Safavid]] and [[Qajar dynasty|Qajar]] periods in Persia (Iran) mention kuku.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/coriander-coriandrum-sativum-l |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |title=Coriander |publication-date=31 October 2011 |volume=VI |page=273 |first=Hūšang |last=Aʿlam}}</ref> Qajar documents introduce it as a side dish.<ref name="Qajar">{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/qajar-14-cuisine |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |title=Qajar dynasty xiv. Qajar Cuisine |year=2015 |access-date=19 March 2015 |edition=online |first=Shireen |last=Mahdavi}}</ref> Herb kuku ({{Transliteration|fa|kuku sabzi}}), which is the most popular type,<ref name="Gilan" /> is served traditionally at [[Nowruz]], the Iranian New Year's Day,<ref name="Qajar" /><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/berenj-rice |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |title=Berenj "rice" |publication-date=15 December 1989 |volume=IV |pages=147–163 |first1=Marcel |last1=Bazin |first2=Christian |last2=Bromberger |first3=Daniel |last3=Balland |first4=Ṣoḡrā |last4=Bāzargān}}</ref> symbolizing a fresh start<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-10-23|title=Kuku Sabzi - No Dairy Frittata with Fresh Herbs|url=https://kitchenstarts.com/kuku-sabzi-no-diary-frittata-recipe/|access-date=2021-03-30|website=Kitchen Starts|language=en-US}}</ref> and also at [[Easter]],<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.latimes.com/food/la-fo-kuku-recipes-20170307-story.html |title=Say 'kuku' three times fast, then make the terrific Persian herb and egg dish for Easter brunch|first=Amy|last=Scattergood |work=Los Angeles Times |publication-date=13 April 2017}}</ref> which is celebrated by the [[Iranian Armenians]] and [[Iranian Georgians]]. ==ৰন্ধণ পদ্ধতি== [[File:Քուքու եփելիս.JPG|thumb|Cooking ''kuku sabzi'' (herb kuku) in a pan]] কুকু বনোৱাৰ পৰম্পৰাগত পদ্ধতি হ'ল কম জুইত তেলত ভাজি লোৱা আৰু তাৰ পিছত বন্ধ ৰন্ধন পাত্ৰত ভাপত দিয়া।<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/cooking |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |title=Cooking |access-date=28 October 2011 |pages=246–252 |volume=VI |first=Nancy Hatch |last=Dupree}}</ref> বেকিংও এটা জনপ্ৰিয় প্ৰস্তুতি পদ্ধতি। ইয়াক অতিৰিক্ত ডাঠ কৰিবলৈ চেনি যোগ কৰা হয়।<ref name="Gilan">{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/gilan-xxi-cooking |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |title=Gilān xxi. Cooking |access-date=29 June 2019 |edition=online |first=Christian |last=Bromberger}}</ref> চূড়ান্ত ৰূপটো হৈছে কেকৰ দৰে অমলেট যিটো সাধাৰণতে ৰুটিৰ সৈতে পৰিবেশন কৰা হয়, কিন্তু ভাতৰ সৈতেও পৰিবেশন কৰিব পাৰি – বিশেষকৈ উত্তৰ ইৰাণৰ গিলান প্ৰদেশত, য'ত পৰম্পৰাগতভাৱে ৰুটিতকৈ ভাত পছন্দ কৰা হয়।<ref name="Gilan"/> ==ভিন্নতা== Kuku is made with various ingredients and in a variety of styles,<ref>{{cite book |title=Persian Cooking: A Table of Exotic Delights |first=Nesta |last=Ramazani |pages=53–65 |chapter=Persian Souffles (Kookoo) |publisher=Ibex |year=1997 |isbn=0936347775 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GOidnQOUco0C&q=kookoo}}</ref> including herb kuku ({{Transliteration|fa|kuku sabzi}}), potato kuku ({{Transliteration|fa|kuku sibzamini}}), eggplant kuku ({{Transliteration|fa|kuku-ye bādenjān}}, {{Transliteration|glk|vereqā}}), roe kuku ({{Transliteration|glk|ašbal kuku}}), and yogurt kuku ({{Transliteration|fa|kuku-ye māst}}).<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/recipes/yogurt-kuku/8807/ |title=Yogurt Kuku |first=Julia |last=Ewan |publication-date=24 January 2007 |newspaper=The Washington Post}}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/carrot-the-taproot-of-daucus-l |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |title=Carrot |publication-date=15 December 1990 |volume=V |pages=13–17 |first=Hūšang |last=Aʿlam}}</ref> ===বনৌষধি কুকু=== Herb kuku ({{Langx|fa|کوکو سبزی|lit=kuku sabzi}}; {{Langx|az|göyərti küküsü|lit=green kuku}}),<ref>{{Cite web |last=Buyuran |first=Feride |date=2011-07-09 |title=Fresh Herb Kuku (Kükü) {{!}} AZ Cookbok |url=https://azcookbook.com/2011/07/09/fresh-herb-kuku/ |access-date=2022-09-08 |website=AZ Cookbook |language=en-US}}</ref> is the most common type of kuku.<ref name="Gilan"/> It is made of eggs and herbs such as leeks and parsley. Garlic, which is very popular in the northern regions of Iran, is also used as an ingredient.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/garlic |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |title=Garlic |publication-date=2 February 2012 |volume=X |page=315 |first=Etrat |last=Elahi}}</ref> Another variation is a recipe for walnut and herb kuku ({{Langx|fa|gerdu kuku}}''; {{Langx|az|qozlu kükü}}''), the addition of nuts changes the texture of the dish.<ref>{{Citation |title=Learn how to make walnut kükü |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_YsRKh_uejc |access-date=2022-09-08 |language=en}}</ref> ===বন্ধাকবি কুকু === Cauliflower kuku (''kuku-ye gol-e-kalam'') features caramelized onions and cauliflower.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Batmanglij |first=Najmieh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9co8YgEACAAJ |title=Food of Life: Ancient Persian and Modern Iranian Cooking and Ceremonies |date=2011 |publisher=Mage Publishers |isbn=978-1-933823-47-8 |pages=144 |language=en}}</ref> [[Najmieh Batmanglij]]'s early English-language Persian cookbook, ''Food of Life'' (1986) featured a version of the dish.<ref name=":0" /> ===আলু কুকু=== Potato kuku, or {{Transliteration|fa|kuku sibzamini}} in Persian,<ref>{{cite book |title=The Saffron Tales: Recipes from the Persian Kitchen |last=Khan |first=Yasmin |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |year=2016 |isbn=978-1408868744 |pages=76}}</ref><ref name="Qajar"/> is made of eggs, potatoes, spices like saffron, and/or turmeric, and other ingredients.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2021-11-10 |title=Kuku Sibzamini With Lemon Yogurt |url=https://www.bonappetit.com/recipe/kuku-sibzamini-with-lemon-yogurt |access-date=2023-12-06 |website=Bon Appétit |publisher=Condé Nast |language=en-US}}</ref> It has been compared to the [[Spanish omelette]] (a potato tortilla), and to [[latke]]s. ===বেঙেনা কুকু=== বেঙেনা কুকু,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2010/jan/02/aubergine-kuku-recipe-vegetarian-cooking |work=The Guardian |title=Yotam Ottolenghi's aubergine kuku recipe |first=Yotam |last=Ottolenghi |publication-date=1 January 2010}}</ref> পাৰ্চী ভাষাত কুকু-য়ে বাডেঞ্জান নামেৰে জনাজাত বেঙেনা আৰু কণী পিটিকা আৰু অন্যান্য উপাদান যেনে পাৰ্চলি, আখৰোট, পিঁয়াজ,টেঙা ৰঙা বাৰবেৰী ফলৰ সৈতে তৈয়াৰ কৰা হয়।<ref> {{cite book |last1=Ghanoonparvar |first1=M.R. |authorlink1=M.R. Ghanoonparvar |title=Persian Cuisine I: Traditional Foods |url=https://lccn.loc.gov/82061281 |date=1982 |publisher=Mazda Publishers |location=Lexington, Kentucky|lccn=82061281 }}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/badenjan-egeplant-aubergine |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |title=Bādenjān |publication-date=19 August 2011 |volume=III |pages=366–368 |first1=F. |last1=Aubaile-Sallenave |first2=ʿE. |last2=Elāhī}}</ref> ===ৰৌ কুকু=== ৰৌ কুকু, যাক গিলাকী ভাষাত এছবাল কুকি বা এছবাল কুকি বুলি জনা যায়,<ref name= "Gilan"/> গিলান কুকু হৈছে এটা স্থানীয় প্ৰজাতিৰ মাছ (কেভিয়াৰ)ৰ কণী থাকে।<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/caviar |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |title=Caviar |publication-date=15 December 1990 |volume=V |pages=99–101 |first=Hūšang |last=Aʿlam}}</ref> ==তথ্যৰ উৎস== {{reflist}} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== * {{cite web |url=http://familyspice.com/recipes/recipe/?recipe_id=140 |title=Persian Herb Quiche &#124; Kookoo Sabzi (Kuku Sabzi) |work=Family Spice |last=Bashar |first=Laura |access-date=2014-10-14 |archive-date=2014-10-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141019000100/http://familyspice.com/recipes/recipe/?recipe_id=140 |url-status=dead }} * {{cite web |url=http://www.iranchamber.com/recipes/vegetarian/kookoo_sabzi.php |title=Kookoo-e Sabzi |work=Iran Chamber Society}} * {{cite web |url=https://www.splendidtable.org/recipes/cauliflower-kuku |title=Cauliflower Kuku |first=Najmieh |last=Batmanglij |work=Splendid Table}} *Baratzadeh, Emily. "[https://kitchenstarts.com/kuku-sabzi-no-diary-frittata-recipe/ Kuku Sabzi - No Dairy Frittata with Fresh Herbs]" Kitchen Starts. [[শ্ৰেণী:খাদ্য]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ইৰান]] goae11cqbvra6u3n39166kruu34htuj 605838 605837 2026-05-11T13:05:21Z নৰুনা বৰুৱা 44897 /* আলু কুকু */ 605838 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Egg-based Iranian dish}} {{Infobox food | name = কুকু | image = Kuku Sabzi (Iranian food).jpg | caption = ''Kuku sabzi'' (herb kuku) topped with [[berberis|barberries]] and [[walnut]]s | country = [[ইৰান]] | national_cuisine = ইৰাণী খাদ্য | type = অমলেট | course = [[Side dish]], [[main course]], or midday course | main_ingredient = কণী | variations = বনৌষধি কুকু, আলু কুকু, বেঙেনা কুকু | similar_dish = [[Frittata]], [[Quiche]], [[Eggah]] }} '''কুকু বা কুক''' (পাৰ্চী ভাষাত: کوکو ) কণীৰ লগত বিভিন্ন উপাদান মিহলাই তৈয়াৰ কৰা [[ইৰান]]ৰ ব্যঞ্জন। ই ইটালীয় ফ্ৰিটাটা, ফৰাচী কুইচ বা মুকলি মুখৰ অমলেটৰ দৰেই, কিন্তু ইয়াত সাধাৰণতে ফ্ৰিটাটাতকৈ কম কণী থাকে আৰু কম জুইত কম সময়ৰ বাবে সিজোৱা হয়, তাৰ পিছত ওপৰৰ স্তৰটো লুটিয়াই লৈ সজাই পৰিবেশণ কৰা হয় <ref name="Brown_1984">{{cite book |title=Vegetarian Cookbook |first=Sarah |last=Brown |publisher=HarperCollins |year=1984 |isbn=0-7225-2694-6|page=127}}</ref> বা কম সময়ৰ বাবে গ্ৰীল কৰা হয়।<ref name="Riley_2007">{{cite book |title=The Oxford Companion to Italian Food |first=Gillian |last=Riley |date=1 November 2007 |publisher=Oxford University Press |page=168 |chapter=Eggs}}</ref> ইয়াক গৰম বা ঠাণ্ডা ষ্টাৰ্টাৰ, চাইড ডিচ বা মেইন কোৰ্চ হিচাপে পৰিবেশন কৰা হয় আৰু ব্ৰেড আৰু দৈ বা চালাডৰ সৈতে পৰিবেশন কৰা হয়। <ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=19C3DnJyWE0C |title=A Taste of Persia: An Introduction to Persian Cooking |first=Najmieh |last=Batmanglij |date=24 October 2007 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |page=49}}</ref> == ইতিহাস == According to ''Breakfast: A History'', the earliest form of [[omelette]], which was introduced in [[ancient Persia]], was "nearly indistinguishable" from kuku.<ref name="Anderson2013">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5LghYCqDJw8C&q=earliest+omelette+persia&pg=PA65|title=Breakfast: A History|last=Anderson|first=Heather Arndt|date=July 11, 2013|publisher=AltaMira Press|isbn=9780759121652|language=en|page=65|access-date=November 18, 2020|archive-date=July 1, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210701192251/https://books.google.com/books?id=5LghYCqDJw8C&q=earliest+omelette+persia&pg=PA65|url-status=live}}</ref> Cookbooks from the [[Safavid dynasty|Safavid]] and [[Qajar dynasty|Qajar]] periods in Persia (Iran) mention kuku.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/coriander-coriandrum-sativum-l |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |title=Coriander |publication-date=31 October 2011 |volume=VI |page=273 |first=Hūšang |last=Aʿlam}}</ref> Qajar documents introduce it as a side dish.<ref name="Qajar">{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/qajar-14-cuisine |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |title=Qajar dynasty xiv. Qajar Cuisine |year=2015 |access-date=19 March 2015 |edition=online |first=Shireen |last=Mahdavi}}</ref> Herb kuku ({{Transliteration|fa|kuku sabzi}}), which is the most popular type,<ref name="Gilan" /> is served traditionally at [[Nowruz]], the Iranian New Year's Day,<ref name="Qajar" /><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/berenj-rice |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |title=Berenj "rice" |publication-date=15 December 1989 |volume=IV |pages=147–163 |first1=Marcel |last1=Bazin |first2=Christian |last2=Bromberger |first3=Daniel |last3=Balland |first4=Ṣoḡrā |last4=Bāzargān}}</ref> symbolizing a fresh start<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-10-23|title=Kuku Sabzi - No Dairy Frittata with Fresh Herbs|url=https://kitchenstarts.com/kuku-sabzi-no-diary-frittata-recipe/|access-date=2021-03-30|website=Kitchen Starts|language=en-US}}</ref> and also at [[Easter]],<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.latimes.com/food/la-fo-kuku-recipes-20170307-story.html |title=Say 'kuku' three times fast, then make the terrific Persian herb and egg dish for Easter brunch|first=Amy|last=Scattergood |work=Los Angeles Times |publication-date=13 April 2017}}</ref> which is celebrated by the [[Iranian Armenians]] and [[Iranian Georgians]]. ==ৰন্ধণ পদ্ধতি== [[File:Քուքու եփելիս.JPG|thumb|Cooking ''kuku sabzi'' (herb kuku) in a pan]] কুকু বনোৱাৰ পৰম্পৰাগত পদ্ধতি হ'ল কম জুইত তেলত ভাজি লোৱা আৰু তাৰ পিছত বন্ধ ৰন্ধন পাত্ৰত ভাপত দিয়া।<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/cooking |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |title=Cooking |access-date=28 October 2011 |pages=246–252 |volume=VI |first=Nancy Hatch |last=Dupree}}</ref> বেকিংও এটা জনপ্ৰিয় প্ৰস্তুতি পদ্ধতি। ইয়াক অতিৰিক্ত ডাঠ কৰিবলৈ চেনি যোগ কৰা হয়।<ref name="Gilan">{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/gilan-xxi-cooking |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |title=Gilān xxi. Cooking |access-date=29 June 2019 |edition=online |first=Christian |last=Bromberger}}</ref> চূড়ান্ত ৰূপটো হৈছে কেকৰ দৰে অমলেট যিটো সাধাৰণতে ৰুটিৰ সৈতে পৰিবেশন কৰা হয়, কিন্তু ভাতৰ সৈতেও পৰিবেশন কৰিব পাৰি – বিশেষকৈ উত্তৰ ইৰাণৰ গিলান প্ৰদেশত, য'ত পৰম্পৰাগতভাৱে ৰুটিতকৈ ভাত পছন্দ কৰা হয়।<ref name="Gilan"/> ==ভিন্নতা== Kuku is made with various ingredients and in a variety of styles,<ref>{{cite book |title=Persian Cooking: A Table of Exotic Delights |first=Nesta |last=Ramazani |pages=53–65 |chapter=Persian Souffles (Kookoo) |publisher=Ibex |year=1997 |isbn=0936347775 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GOidnQOUco0C&q=kookoo}}</ref> including herb kuku ({{Transliteration|fa|kuku sabzi}}), potato kuku ({{Transliteration|fa|kuku sibzamini}}), eggplant kuku ({{Transliteration|fa|kuku-ye bādenjān}}, {{Transliteration|glk|vereqā}}), roe kuku ({{Transliteration|glk|ašbal kuku}}), and yogurt kuku ({{Transliteration|fa|kuku-ye māst}}).<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/recipes/yogurt-kuku/8807/ |title=Yogurt Kuku |first=Julia |last=Ewan |publication-date=24 January 2007 |newspaper=The Washington Post}}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/carrot-the-taproot-of-daucus-l |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |title=Carrot |publication-date=15 December 1990 |volume=V |pages=13–17 |first=Hūšang |last=Aʿlam}}</ref> ===বনৌষধি কুকু=== Herb kuku ({{Langx|fa|کوکو سبزی|lit=kuku sabzi}}; {{Langx|az|göyərti küküsü|lit=green kuku}}),<ref>{{Cite web |last=Buyuran |first=Feride |date=2011-07-09 |title=Fresh Herb Kuku (Kükü) {{!}} AZ Cookbok |url=https://azcookbook.com/2011/07/09/fresh-herb-kuku/ |access-date=2022-09-08 |website=AZ Cookbook |language=en-US}}</ref> is the most common type of kuku.<ref name="Gilan"/> It is made of eggs and herbs such as leeks and parsley. Garlic, which is very popular in the northern regions of Iran, is also used as an ingredient.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/garlic |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |title=Garlic |publication-date=2 February 2012 |volume=X |page=315 |first=Etrat |last=Elahi}}</ref> Another variation is a recipe for walnut and herb kuku ({{Langx|fa|gerdu kuku}}''; {{Langx|az|qozlu kükü}}''), the addition of nuts changes the texture of the dish.<ref>{{Citation |title=Learn how to make walnut kükü |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_YsRKh_uejc |access-date=2022-09-08 |language=en}}</ref> ===বন্ধাকবি কুকু === Cauliflower kuku (''kuku-ye gol-e-kalam'') features caramelized onions and cauliflower.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Batmanglij |first=Najmieh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9co8YgEACAAJ |title=Food of Life: Ancient Persian and Modern Iranian Cooking and Ceremonies |date=2011 |publisher=Mage Publishers |isbn=978-1-933823-47-8 |pages=144 |language=en}}</ref> [[Najmieh Batmanglij]]'s early English-language Persian cookbook, ''Food of Life'' (1986) featured a version of the dish.<ref name=":0" /> ===আলু কুকু=== Potato kuku, or {{Transliteration|fa|kuku sibzamini}} in Persian,<ref>{{cite book |title=The Saffron Tales: Recipes from the Persian Kitchen |last=Khan |first=Yasmin |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |year=2016 |isbn=978-1408868744 |pages=76}}</ref><ref name="Qajar"/> is made of eggs, potatoes, spices like saffron, and/or turmeric, and other ingredients.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2021-11-10 |title=Kuku Sibzamini With Lemon Yogurt |url=https://www.bonappetit.com/recipe/kuku-sibzamini-with-lemon-yogurt |access-date=2023-12-06 |website=Bon Appétit |publisher=Condé Nast |language=en-US}}</ref> It has been compared to the [[Spanish omelette]] (a potato tortilla), and to [[latke]]s. আলুৰ কুকু বা পাৰ্চী ভাষাত 'কুকু চিবজামিনি'<ref>{{cite book |title=The Saffron Tales: Recipes from the Persian Kitchen |last=Khan |first=Yasmin |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |year=2016 |isbn=978-1408868744 |pages=76}}</ref><ref name="Qajar"/> is made of eggs, potatoes, spices like saffron, and/or turmeric, and other ingredients.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2021-11-10 |title=Kuku Sibzamini With Lemon Yogurt |url=https://www.bonappetit.com/recipe/kuku-sibzamini-with-lemon-yogurt |access-date=2023-12-06 |website=Bon Appétit |publisher=Condé Nast |language=en-US}}</ref> কণী, আলু, কেশৰ আৰু হালধি আদি মছলা আৰু অন্যান্য উপাদানৰে তৈয়াৰ কৰা হয়।[20]আলুৰ কুকু ক স্পেনিছ অমলেট (এবিধ আলুৰ টৰ্টিলা) আৰু লেটকেৰ সৈতে তুলনা কৰা হয়। ===বেঙেনা কুকু=== বেঙেনা কুকু,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2010/jan/02/aubergine-kuku-recipe-vegetarian-cooking |work=The Guardian |title=Yotam Ottolenghi's aubergine kuku recipe |first=Yotam |last=Ottolenghi |publication-date=1 January 2010}}</ref> পাৰ্চী ভাষাত কুকু-য়ে বাডেঞ্জান নামেৰে জনাজাত বেঙেনা আৰু কণী পিটিকা আৰু অন্যান্য উপাদান যেনে পাৰ্চলি, আখৰোট, পিঁয়াজ,টেঙা ৰঙা বাৰবেৰী ফলৰ সৈতে তৈয়াৰ কৰা হয়।<ref> {{cite book |last1=Ghanoonparvar |first1=M.R. |authorlink1=M.R. Ghanoonparvar |title=Persian Cuisine I: Traditional Foods |url=https://lccn.loc.gov/82061281 |date=1982 |publisher=Mazda Publishers |location=Lexington, Kentucky|lccn=82061281 }}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/badenjan-egeplant-aubergine |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |title=Bādenjān |publication-date=19 August 2011 |volume=III |pages=366–368 |first1=F. |last1=Aubaile-Sallenave |first2=ʿE. |last2=Elāhī}}</ref> ===ৰৌ কুকু=== ৰৌ কুকু, যাক গিলাকী ভাষাত এছবাল কুকি বা এছবাল কুকি বুলি জনা যায়,<ref name= "Gilan"/> গিলান কুকু হৈছে এটা স্থানীয় প্ৰজাতিৰ মাছ (কেভিয়াৰ)ৰ কণী থাকে।<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/caviar |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |title=Caviar |publication-date=15 December 1990 |volume=V |pages=99–101 |first=Hūšang |last=Aʿlam}}</ref> ==তথ্যৰ উৎস== {{reflist}} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== * {{cite web |url=http://familyspice.com/recipes/recipe/?recipe_id=140 |title=Persian Herb Quiche &#124; Kookoo Sabzi (Kuku Sabzi) |work=Family Spice |last=Bashar |first=Laura |access-date=2014-10-14 |archive-date=2014-10-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141019000100/http://familyspice.com/recipes/recipe/?recipe_id=140 |url-status=dead }} * {{cite web |url=http://www.iranchamber.com/recipes/vegetarian/kookoo_sabzi.php |title=Kookoo-e Sabzi |work=Iran Chamber Society}} * {{cite web |url=https://www.splendidtable.org/recipes/cauliflower-kuku |title=Cauliflower Kuku |first=Najmieh |last=Batmanglij |work=Splendid Table}} *Baratzadeh, Emily. "[https://kitchenstarts.com/kuku-sabzi-no-diary-frittata-recipe/ Kuku Sabzi - No Dairy Frittata with Fresh Herbs]" Kitchen Starts. [[শ্ৰেণী:খাদ্য]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ইৰান]] lx55iugp60vbifey6c75zmzmekezybg 605839 605838 2026-05-11T13:05:39Z নৰুনা বৰুৱা 44897 [[ৱিকিপিডিয়া:লাচিত বৰ্ণাশুদ্ধি নিবাৰক|লাচিত বৰ্ণাশুদ্ধি নিবাৰকৰ]] সহায়ত বৰ্ণাশুদ্ধি নিবাৰণ কৰা হ’ল। 605839 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Egg-based Iranian dish}} {{Infobox food | name = কুকু | image = Kuku Sabzi (Iranian food).jpg | caption = ''Kuku sabzi'' (herb kuku) topped with [[berberis|barberries]] and [[walnut]]s | country = [[ইৰান]] | national_cuisine = ইৰাণী খাদ্য | type = অমলেট | course = [[Side dish]], [[main course]], or midday course | main_ingredient = কণী | variations = বনৌষধি কুকু, আলু কুকু, বেঙেনা কুকু | similar_dish = [[Frittata]], [[Quiche]], [[Eggah]] }} '''কুকু বা কুক''' (পাৰ্চী ভাষাত: کوکو ) কণীৰ লগত বিভিন্ন উপাদান মিহলাই তৈয়াৰ কৰা [[ইৰান]]ৰ ব্যঞ্জন। ই ইটালীয় ফ্ৰিটাটা, ফৰাচী কুইচ বা মুকলি মুখৰ অমলেটৰ দৰেই, কিন্তু ইয়াত সাধাৰণতে ফ্ৰিটাটাতকৈ কম কণী থাকে আৰু কম জুইত কম সময়ৰ বাবে সিজোৱা হয়, তাৰ পিছত ওপৰৰ স্তৰটো লুটিয়াই লৈ সজাই পৰিবেশণ কৰা হয় <ref name="Brown_1984">{{cite book |title=Vegetarian Cookbook |first=Sarah |last=Brown |publisher=HarperCollins |year=1984 |isbn=0-7225-2694-6|page=127}}</ref> বা কম সময়ৰ বাবে গ্ৰীল কৰা হয়।<ref name="Riley_2007">{{cite book |title=The Oxford Companion to Italian Food |first=Gillian |last=Riley |date=1 November 2007 |publisher=Oxford University Press |page=168 |chapter=Eggs}}</ref> ইয়াক গৰম বা ঠাণ্ডা ষ্টাৰ্টাৰ, চাইড ডিচ বা মেইন কোৰ্চ হিচাপে পৰিবেশন কৰা হয় আৰু ব্ৰেড আৰু দৈ বা চালাডৰ সৈতে পৰিবেশন কৰা হয়। <ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=19C3DnJyWE0C |title=A Taste of Persia: An Introduction to Persian Cooking |first=Najmieh |last=Batmanglij |date=24 October 2007 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |page=49}}</ref> == ইতিহাস == According to ''Breakfast: A History'', the earliest form of [[omelette]], which was introduced in [[ancient Persia]], was "nearly indistinguishable" from kuku.<ref name="Anderson2013">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5LghYCqDJw8C&q=earliest+omelette+persia&pg=PA65|title=Breakfast: A History|last=Anderson|first=Heather Arndt|date=July 11, 2013|publisher=AltaMira Press|isbn=9780759121652|language=en|page=65|access-date=November 18, 2020|archive-date=July 1, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210701192251/https://books.google.com/books?id=5LghYCqDJw8C&q=earliest+omelette+persia&pg=PA65|url-status=live}}</ref> Cookbooks from the [[Safavid dynasty|Safavid]] and [[Qajar dynasty|Qajar]] periods in Persia (Iran) mention kuku.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/coriander-coriandrum-sativum-l |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |title=Coriander |publication-date=31 October 2011 |volume=VI |page=273 |first=Hūšang |last=Aʿlam}}</ref> Qajar documents introduce it as a side dish.<ref name="Qajar">{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/qajar-14-cuisine |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |title=Qajar dynasty xiv. Qajar Cuisine |year=2015 |access-date=19 March 2015 |edition=online |first=Shireen |last=Mahdavi}}</ref> Herb kuku ({{Transliteration|fa|kuku sabzi}}), which is the most popular type,<ref name="Gilan" /> is served traditionally at [[Nowruz]], the Iranian New Year's Day,<ref name="Qajar" /><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/berenj-rice |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |title=Berenj "rice" |publication-date=15 December 1989 |volume=IV |pages=147–163 |first1=Marcel |last1=Bazin |first2=Christian |last2=Bromberger |first3=Daniel |last3=Balland |first4=Ṣoḡrā |last4=Bāzargān}}</ref> symbolizing a fresh start<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-10-23|title=Kuku Sabzi - No Dairy Frittata with Fresh Herbs|url=https://kitchenstarts.com/kuku-sabzi-no-diary-frittata-recipe/|access-date=2021-03-30|website=Kitchen Starts|language=en-US}}</ref> and also at [[Easter]],<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.latimes.com/food/la-fo-kuku-recipes-20170307-story.html |title=Say 'kuku' three times fast, then make the terrific Persian herb and egg dish for Easter brunch|first=Amy|last=Scattergood |work=Los Angeles Times |publication-date=13 April 2017}}</ref> which is celebrated by the [[Iranian Armenians]] and [[Iranian Georgians]]. ==ৰন্ধণ পদ্ধতি== [[File:Քուքու եփելիս.JPG|thumb|Cooking ''kuku sabzi'' (herb kuku) in a pan]] কুকু বনোৱাৰ পৰম্পৰাগত পদ্ধতি হ'ল কম জুইত তেলত ভাজি লোৱা আৰু তাৰ পিছত বন্ধ ৰন্ধন পাত্ৰত ভাপত দিয়া।<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/cooking |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |title=Cooking |access-date=28 October 2011 |pages=246–252 |volume=VI |first=Nancy Hatch |last=Dupree}}</ref> বেকিংও এটা জনপ্ৰিয় প্ৰস্তুতি পদ্ধতি। ইয়াক অতিৰিক্ত ডাঠ কৰিবলৈ চেনি যোগ কৰা হয়।<ref name="Gilan">{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/gilan-xxi-cooking |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |title=Gilān xxi. Cooking |access-date=29 June 2019 |edition=online |first=Christian |last=Bromberger}}</ref> চূড়ান্ত ৰূপটো হৈছে কেকৰ দৰে অমলেট যিটো সাধাৰণতে ৰুটিৰ সৈতে পৰিবেশন কৰা হয়, কিন্তু ভাতৰ সৈতেও পৰিবেশন কৰিব পাৰি – বিশেষকৈ উত্তৰ ইৰাণৰ গিলান প্ৰদেশত, য'ত পৰম্পৰাগতভাৱে ৰুটিতকৈ ভাত পছন্দ কৰা হয়।<ref name="Gilan"/> ==ভিন্নতা== Kuku is made with various ingredients and in a variety of styles,<ref>{{cite book |title=Persian Cooking: A Table of Exotic Delights |first=Nesta |last=Ramazani |pages=53–65 |chapter=Persian Souffles (Kookoo) |publisher=Ibex |year=1997 |isbn=0936347775 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GOidnQOUco0C&q=kookoo}}</ref> including herb kuku ({{Transliteration|fa|kuku sabzi}}), potato kuku ({{Transliteration|fa|kuku sibzamini}}), eggplant kuku ({{Transliteration|fa|kuku-ye bādenjān}}, {{Transliteration|glk|vereqā}}), roe kuku ({{Transliteration|glk|ašbal kuku}}), and yogurt kuku ({{Transliteration|fa|kuku-ye māst}}).<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/recipes/yogurt-kuku/8807/ |title=Yogurt Kuku |first=Julia |last=Ewan |publication-date=24 January 2007 |newspaper=The Washington Post}}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/carrot-the-taproot-of-daucus-l |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |title=Carrot |publication-date=15 December 1990 |volume=V |pages=13–17 |first=Hūšang |last=Aʿlam}}</ref> ===বনৌষধি কুকু=== Herb kuku ({{Langx|fa|کوکو سبزی|lit=kuku sabzi}}; {{Langx|az|göyərti küküsü|lit=green kuku}}),<ref>{{Cite web |last=Buyuran |first=Feride |date=2011-07-09 |title=Fresh Herb Kuku (Kükü) {{!}} AZ Cookbok |url=https://azcookbook.com/2011/07/09/fresh-herb-kuku/ |access-date=2022-09-08 |website=AZ Cookbook |language=en-US}}</ref> is the most common type of kuku.<ref name="Gilan"/> It is made of eggs and herbs such as leeks and parsley. Garlic, which is very popular in the northern regions of Iran, is also used as an ingredient.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/garlic |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |title=Garlic |publication-date=2 February 2012 |volume=X |page=315 |first=Etrat |last=Elahi}}</ref> Another variation is a recipe for walnut and herb kuku ({{Langx|fa|gerdu kuku}}''; {{Langx|az|qozlu kükü}}''), the addition of nuts changes the texture of the dish.<ref>{{Citation |title=Learn how to make walnut kükü |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_YsRKh_uejc |access-date=2022-09-08 |language=en}}</ref> ===বন্ধাকবি কুকু === Cauliflower kuku (''kuku-ye gol-e-kalam'') features caramelized onions and cauliflower.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Batmanglij |first=Najmieh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9co8YgEACAAJ |title=Food of Life: Ancient Persian and Modern Iranian Cooking and Ceremonies |date=2011 |publisher=Mage Publishers |isbn=978-1-933823-47-8 |pages=144 |language=en}}</ref> [[Najmieh Batmanglij]]'s early English-language Persian cookbook, ''Food of Life'' (1986) featured a version of the dish.<ref name=":0" /> ===আলু কুকু=== আলুৰ কুকু বা পাৰ্চী ভাষাত 'কুকু চিবজামিনি'<ref>{{cite book |title=The Saffron Tales: Recipes from the Persian Kitchen |last=Khan |first=Yasmin |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |year=2016 |isbn=978-1408868744 |pages=76}}</ref><ref name="Qajar"/> is made of eggs, potatoes, spices like saffron, and/or turmeric, and other ingredients.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2021-11-10 |title=Kuku Sibzamini With Lemon Yogurt |url=https://www.bonappetit.com/recipe/kuku-sibzamini-with-lemon-yogurt |access-date=2023-12-06 |website=Bon Appétit |publisher=Condé Nast |language=en-US}}</ref> কণী, আলু, কেশৰ আৰু হালধি আদি মচলা আৰু অন্যান্য উপাদানৰে তৈয়াৰ কৰা হয়।[20]আলুৰ কুকু ক স্পেনিছ অমলেট (এবিধ আলুৰ টৰ্টিলা) আৰু লেটকেৰ সৈতে তুলনা কৰা হয়। ===বেঙেনা কুকু=== বেঙেনা কুকু,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2010/jan/02/aubergine-kuku-recipe-vegetarian-cooking |work=The Guardian |title=Yotam Ottolenghi's aubergine kuku recipe |first=Yotam |last=Ottolenghi |publication-date=1 January 2010}}</ref> পাৰ্চী ভাষাত কুকু-য়ে বাডেঞ্জান নামেৰে জনাজাত বেঙেনা আৰু কণী পিটিকা আৰু অন্যান্য উপাদান যেনে পাৰ্চলি, আখৰোট, পিঁয়াজ,টেঙা ৰঙা বাৰবেৰী ফলৰ সৈতে তৈয়াৰ কৰা হয়।<ref> {{cite book |last1=Ghanoonparvar |first1=M.R. |authorlink1=M.R. Ghanoonparvar |title=Persian Cuisine I: Traditional Foods |url=https://lccn.loc.gov/82061281 |date=1982 |publisher=Mazda Publishers |location=Lexington, Kentucky|lccn=82061281 }}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/badenjan-egeplant-aubergine |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |title=Bādenjān |publication-date=19 August 2011 |volume=III |pages=366–368 |first1=F. |last1=Aubaile-Sallenave |first2=ʿE. |last2=Elāhī}}</ref> ===ৰৌ কুকু=== ৰৌ কুকু, যাক গিলাকী ভাষাত এছবাল কুকি বা এছবাল কুকি বুলি জনা যায়,<ref name= "Gilan"/> গিলান কুকু হৈছে এটা স্থানীয় প্ৰজাতিৰ মাছ (কেভিয়াৰ)ৰ কণী থাকে।<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/caviar |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |title=Caviar |publication-date=15 December 1990 |volume=V |pages=99–101 |first=Hūšang |last=Aʿlam}}</ref> ==তথ্যৰ উৎস== {{reflist}} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== * {{cite web |url=http://familyspice.com/recipes/recipe/?recipe_id=140 |title=Persian Herb Quiche &#124; Kookoo Sabzi (Kuku Sabzi) |work=Family Spice |last=Bashar |first=Laura |access-date=2014-10-14 |archive-date=2014-10-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141019000100/http://familyspice.com/recipes/recipe/?recipe_id=140 |url-status=dead }} * {{cite web |url=http://www.iranchamber.com/recipes/vegetarian/kookoo_sabzi.php |title=Kookoo-e Sabzi |work=Iran Chamber Society}} * {{cite web |url=https://www.splendidtable.org/recipes/cauliflower-kuku |title=Cauliflower Kuku |first=Najmieh |last=Batmanglij |work=Splendid Table}} *Baratzadeh, Emily. "[https://kitchenstarts.com/kuku-sabzi-no-diary-frittata-recipe/ Kuku Sabzi - No Dairy Frittata with Fresh Herbs]" Kitchen Starts. [[শ্ৰেণী:খাদ্য]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ইৰান]] iv7xwlpn9mntjqvu8cn8rn3shmb82ku 605840 605839 2026-05-11T13:10:16Z নৰুনা বৰুৱা 44897 /* বন্ধাকবি কুকু */ 605840 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Egg-based Iranian dish}} {{Infobox food | name = কুকু | image = Kuku Sabzi (Iranian food).jpg | caption = ''Kuku sabzi'' (herb kuku) topped with [[berberis|barberries]] and [[walnut]]s | country = [[ইৰান]] | national_cuisine = ইৰাণী খাদ্য | type = অমলেট | course = [[Side dish]], [[main course]], or midday course | main_ingredient = কণী | variations = বনৌষধি কুকু, আলু কুকু, বেঙেনা কুকু | similar_dish = [[Frittata]], [[Quiche]], [[Eggah]] }} '''কুকু বা কুক''' (পাৰ্চী ভাষাত: کوکو ) কণীৰ লগত বিভিন্ন উপাদান মিহলাই তৈয়াৰ কৰা [[ইৰান]]ৰ ব্যঞ্জন। ই ইটালীয় ফ্ৰিটাটা, ফৰাচী কুইচ বা মুকলি মুখৰ অমলেটৰ দৰেই, কিন্তু ইয়াত সাধাৰণতে ফ্ৰিটাটাতকৈ কম কণী থাকে আৰু কম জুইত কম সময়ৰ বাবে সিজোৱা হয়, তাৰ পিছত ওপৰৰ স্তৰটো লুটিয়াই লৈ সজাই পৰিবেশণ কৰা হয় <ref name="Brown_1984">{{cite book |title=Vegetarian Cookbook |first=Sarah |last=Brown |publisher=HarperCollins |year=1984 |isbn=0-7225-2694-6|page=127}}</ref> বা কম সময়ৰ বাবে গ্ৰীল কৰা হয়।<ref name="Riley_2007">{{cite book |title=The Oxford Companion to Italian Food |first=Gillian |last=Riley |date=1 November 2007 |publisher=Oxford University Press |page=168 |chapter=Eggs}}</ref> ইয়াক গৰম বা ঠাণ্ডা ষ্টাৰ্টাৰ, চাইড ডিচ বা মেইন কোৰ্চ হিচাপে পৰিবেশন কৰা হয় আৰু ব্ৰেড আৰু দৈ বা চালাডৰ সৈতে পৰিবেশন কৰা হয়। <ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=19C3DnJyWE0C |title=A Taste of Persia: An Introduction to Persian Cooking |first=Najmieh |last=Batmanglij |date=24 October 2007 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |page=49}}</ref> == ইতিহাস == According to ''Breakfast: A History'', the earliest form of [[omelette]], which was introduced in [[ancient Persia]], was "nearly indistinguishable" from kuku.<ref name="Anderson2013">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5LghYCqDJw8C&q=earliest+omelette+persia&pg=PA65|title=Breakfast: A History|last=Anderson|first=Heather Arndt|date=July 11, 2013|publisher=AltaMira Press|isbn=9780759121652|language=en|page=65|access-date=November 18, 2020|archive-date=July 1, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210701192251/https://books.google.com/books?id=5LghYCqDJw8C&q=earliest+omelette+persia&pg=PA65|url-status=live}}</ref> Cookbooks from the [[Safavid dynasty|Safavid]] and [[Qajar dynasty|Qajar]] periods in Persia (Iran) mention kuku.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/coriander-coriandrum-sativum-l |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |title=Coriander |publication-date=31 October 2011 |volume=VI |page=273 |first=Hūšang |last=Aʿlam}}</ref> Qajar documents introduce it as a side dish.<ref name="Qajar">{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/qajar-14-cuisine |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |title=Qajar dynasty xiv. Qajar Cuisine |year=2015 |access-date=19 March 2015 |edition=online |first=Shireen |last=Mahdavi}}</ref> Herb kuku ({{Transliteration|fa|kuku sabzi}}), which is the most popular type,<ref name="Gilan" /> is served traditionally at [[Nowruz]], the Iranian New Year's Day,<ref name="Qajar" /><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/berenj-rice |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |title=Berenj "rice" |publication-date=15 December 1989 |volume=IV |pages=147–163 |first1=Marcel |last1=Bazin |first2=Christian |last2=Bromberger |first3=Daniel |last3=Balland |first4=Ṣoḡrā |last4=Bāzargān}}</ref> symbolizing a fresh start<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-10-23|title=Kuku Sabzi - No Dairy Frittata with Fresh Herbs|url=https://kitchenstarts.com/kuku-sabzi-no-diary-frittata-recipe/|access-date=2021-03-30|website=Kitchen Starts|language=en-US}}</ref> and also at [[Easter]],<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.latimes.com/food/la-fo-kuku-recipes-20170307-story.html |title=Say 'kuku' three times fast, then make the terrific Persian herb and egg dish for Easter brunch|first=Amy|last=Scattergood |work=Los Angeles Times |publication-date=13 April 2017}}</ref> which is celebrated by the [[Iranian Armenians]] and [[Iranian Georgians]]. ==ৰন্ধণ পদ্ধতি== [[File:Քուքու եփելիս.JPG|thumb|Cooking ''kuku sabzi'' (herb kuku) in a pan]] কুকু বনোৱাৰ পৰম্পৰাগত পদ্ধতি হ'ল কম জুইত তেলত ভাজি লোৱা আৰু তাৰ পিছত বন্ধ ৰন্ধন পাত্ৰত ভাপত দিয়া।<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/cooking |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |title=Cooking |access-date=28 October 2011 |pages=246–252 |volume=VI |first=Nancy Hatch |last=Dupree}}</ref> বেকিংও এটা জনপ্ৰিয় প্ৰস্তুতি পদ্ধতি। ইয়াক অতিৰিক্ত ডাঠ কৰিবলৈ চেনি যোগ কৰা হয়।<ref name="Gilan">{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/gilan-xxi-cooking |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |title=Gilān xxi. Cooking |access-date=29 June 2019 |edition=online |first=Christian |last=Bromberger}}</ref> চূড়ান্ত ৰূপটো হৈছে কেকৰ দৰে অমলেট যিটো সাধাৰণতে ৰুটিৰ সৈতে পৰিবেশন কৰা হয়, কিন্তু ভাতৰ সৈতেও পৰিবেশন কৰিব পাৰি – বিশেষকৈ উত্তৰ ইৰাণৰ গিলান প্ৰদেশত, য'ত পৰম্পৰাগতভাৱে ৰুটিতকৈ ভাত পছন্দ কৰা হয়।<ref name="Gilan"/> ==ভিন্নতা== Kuku is made with various ingredients and in a variety of styles,<ref>{{cite book |title=Persian Cooking: A Table of Exotic Delights |first=Nesta |last=Ramazani |pages=53–65 |chapter=Persian Souffles (Kookoo) |publisher=Ibex |year=1997 |isbn=0936347775 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GOidnQOUco0C&q=kookoo}}</ref> including herb kuku ({{Transliteration|fa|kuku sabzi}}), potato kuku ({{Transliteration|fa|kuku sibzamini}}), eggplant kuku ({{Transliteration|fa|kuku-ye bādenjān}}, {{Transliteration|glk|vereqā}}), roe kuku ({{Transliteration|glk|ašbal kuku}}), and yogurt kuku ({{Transliteration|fa|kuku-ye māst}}).<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/recipes/yogurt-kuku/8807/ |title=Yogurt Kuku |first=Julia |last=Ewan |publication-date=24 January 2007 |newspaper=The Washington Post}}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/carrot-the-taproot-of-daucus-l |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |title=Carrot |publication-date=15 December 1990 |volume=V |pages=13–17 |first=Hūšang |last=Aʿlam}}</ref> ===বনৌষধি কুকু=== Herb kuku ({{Langx|fa|کوکو سبزی|lit=kuku sabzi}}; {{Langx|az|göyərti küküsü|lit=green kuku}}),<ref>{{Cite web |last=Buyuran |first=Feride |date=2011-07-09 |title=Fresh Herb Kuku (Kükü) {{!}} AZ Cookbok |url=https://azcookbook.com/2011/07/09/fresh-herb-kuku/ |access-date=2022-09-08 |website=AZ Cookbook |language=en-US}}</ref> is the most common type of kuku.<ref name="Gilan"/> It is made of eggs and herbs such as leeks and parsley. Garlic, which is very popular in the northern regions of Iran, is also used as an ingredient.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/garlic |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |title=Garlic |publication-date=2 February 2012 |volume=X |page=315 |first=Etrat |last=Elahi}}</ref> Another variation is a recipe for walnut and herb kuku ({{Langx|fa|gerdu kuku}}''; {{Langx|az|qozlu kükü}}''), the addition of nuts changes the texture of the dish.<ref>{{Citation |title=Learn how to make walnut kükü |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_YsRKh_uejc |access-date=2022-09-08 |language=en}}</ref> ===বন্ধাকবি কুকু === ফুলকবি কুকু (কুকু-য়ে গোল-ই-কালাম) বিদামীকৈ ভজা পিঁয়াজ আৰু ফুলকবিৰে তৈয়াৰ কৰা হয়।<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Batmanglij |first=Najmieh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9co8YgEACAAJ |title=Food of Life: Ancient Persian and Modern Iranian Cooking and Ceremonies |date=2011 |publisher=Mage Publishers |isbn=978-1-933823-47-8 |pages=144 |language=en}}</ref> এই খাদ্যৰ এটা সংস্কৰণ নাজমেহ বাটমাংগলিজৰ প্ৰথম ইংৰাজী ভাষাৰ পাৰ্চী ৰন্ধন গ্ৰন্থ *ফুড অৱ লাইফ* (১৯৮৬)ত অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত কৰা হৈছিল।<ref name=":0" /> ===আলু কুকু=== আলুৰ কুকু বা পাৰ্চী ভাষাত 'কুকু চিবজামিনি'<ref>{{cite book |title=The Saffron Tales: Recipes from the Persian Kitchen |last=Khan |first=Yasmin |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |year=2016 |isbn=978-1408868744 |pages=76}}</ref><ref name="Qajar"/> is made of eggs, potatoes, spices like saffron, and/or turmeric, and other ingredients.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2021-11-10 |title=Kuku Sibzamini With Lemon Yogurt |url=https://www.bonappetit.com/recipe/kuku-sibzamini-with-lemon-yogurt |access-date=2023-12-06 |website=Bon Appétit |publisher=Condé Nast |language=en-US}}</ref> কণী, আলু, কেশৰ আৰু হালধি আদি মচলা আৰু অন্যান্য উপাদানৰে তৈয়াৰ কৰা হয়।[20]আলুৰ কুকু ক স্পেনিছ অমলেট (এবিধ আলুৰ টৰ্টিলা) আৰু লেটকেৰ সৈতে তুলনা কৰা হয়। ===বেঙেনা কুকু=== বেঙেনা কুকু,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2010/jan/02/aubergine-kuku-recipe-vegetarian-cooking |work=The Guardian |title=Yotam Ottolenghi's aubergine kuku recipe |first=Yotam |last=Ottolenghi |publication-date=1 January 2010}}</ref> পাৰ্চী ভাষাত কুকু-য়ে বাডেঞ্জান নামেৰে জনাজাত বেঙেনা আৰু কণী পিটিকা আৰু অন্যান্য উপাদান যেনে পাৰ্চলি, আখৰোট, পিঁয়াজ,টেঙা ৰঙা বাৰবেৰী ফলৰ সৈতে তৈয়াৰ কৰা হয়।<ref> {{cite book |last1=Ghanoonparvar |first1=M.R. |authorlink1=M.R. Ghanoonparvar |title=Persian Cuisine I: Traditional Foods |url=https://lccn.loc.gov/82061281 |date=1982 |publisher=Mazda Publishers |location=Lexington, Kentucky|lccn=82061281 }}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/badenjan-egeplant-aubergine |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |title=Bādenjān |publication-date=19 August 2011 |volume=III |pages=366–368 |first1=F. |last1=Aubaile-Sallenave |first2=ʿE. |last2=Elāhī}}</ref> ===ৰৌ কুকু=== ৰৌ কুকু, যাক গিলাকী ভাষাত এছবাল কুকি বা এছবাল কুকি বুলি জনা যায়,<ref name= "Gilan"/> গিলান কুকু হৈছে এটা স্থানীয় প্ৰজাতিৰ মাছ (কেভিয়াৰ)ৰ কণী থাকে।<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/caviar |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |title=Caviar |publication-date=15 December 1990 |volume=V |pages=99–101 |first=Hūšang |last=Aʿlam}}</ref> ==তথ্যৰ উৎস== {{reflist}} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== * {{cite web |url=http://familyspice.com/recipes/recipe/?recipe_id=140 |title=Persian Herb Quiche &#124; Kookoo Sabzi (Kuku Sabzi) |work=Family Spice |last=Bashar |first=Laura |access-date=2014-10-14 |archive-date=2014-10-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141019000100/http://familyspice.com/recipes/recipe/?recipe_id=140 |url-status=dead }} * {{cite web |url=http://www.iranchamber.com/recipes/vegetarian/kookoo_sabzi.php |title=Kookoo-e Sabzi |work=Iran Chamber Society}} * {{cite web |url=https://www.splendidtable.org/recipes/cauliflower-kuku |title=Cauliflower Kuku |first=Najmieh |last=Batmanglij |work=Splendid Table}} *Baratzadeh, Emily. "[https://kitchenstarts.com/kuku-sabzi-no-diary-frittata-recipe/ Kuku Sabzi - No Dairy Frittata with Fresh Herbs]" Kitchen Starts. [[শ্ৰেণী:খাদ্য]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ইৰান]] kq8meiellsb7o6govnhv19kp1t4borg 605841 605840 2026-05-11T13:11:01Z নৰুনা বৰুৱা 44897 /* আলু কুকু */ 605841 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Egg-based Iranian dish}} {{Infobox food | name = কুকু | image = Kuku Sabzi (Iranian food).jpg | caption = ''Kuku sabzi'' (herb kuku) topped with [[berberis|barberries]] and [[walnut]]s | country = [[ইৰান]] | national_cuisine = ইৰাণী খাদ্য | type = অমলেট | course = [[Side dish]], [[main course]], or midday course | main_ingredient = কণী | variations = বনৌষধি কুকু, আলু কুকু, বেঙেনা কুকু | similar_dish = [[Frittata]], [[Quiche]], [[Eggah]] }} '''কুকু বা কুক''' (পাৰ্চী ভাষাত: کوکو ) কণীৰ লগত বিভিন্ন উপাদান মিহলাই তৈয়াৰ কৰা [[ইৰান]]ৰ ব্যঞ্জন। ই ইটালীয় ফ্ৰিটাটা, ফৰাচী কুইচ বা মুকলি মুখৰ অমলেটৰ দৰেই, কিন্তু ইয়াত সাধাৰণতে ফ্ৰিটাটাতকৈ কম কণী থাকে আৰু কম জুইত কম সময়ৰ বাবে সিজোৱা হয়, তাৰ পিছত ওপৰৰ স্তৰটো লুটিয়াই লৈ সজাই পৰিবেশণ কৰা হয় <ref name="Brown_1984">{{cite book |title=Vegetarian Cookbook |first=Sarah |last=Brown |publisher=HarperCollins |year=1984 |isbn=0-7225-2694-6|page=127}}</ref> বা কম সময়ৰ বাবে গ্ৰীল কৰা হয়।<ref name="Riley_2007">{{cite book |title=The Oxford Companion to Italian Food |first=Gillian |last=Riley |date=1 November 2007 |publisher=Oxford University Press |page=168 |chapter=Eggs}}</ref> ইয়াক গৰম বা ঠাণ্ডা ষ্টাৰ্টাৰ, চাইড ডিচ বা মেইন কোৰ্চ হিচাপে পৰিবেশন কৰা হয় আৰু ব্ৰেড আৰু দৈ বা চালাডৰ সৈতে পৰিবেশন কৰা হয়। <ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=19C3DnJyWE0C |title=A Taste of Persia: An Introduction to Persian Cooking |first=Najmieh |last=Batmanglij |date=24 October 2007 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |page=49}}</ref> == ইতিহাস == According to ''Breakfast: A History'', the earliest form of [[omelette]], which was introduced in [[ancient Persia]], was "nearly indistinguishable" from kuku.<ref name="Anderson2013">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5LghYCqDJw8C&q=earliest+omelette+persia&pg=PA65|title=Breakfast: A History|last=Anderson|first=Heather Arndt|date=July 11, 2013|publisher=AltaMira Press|isbn=9780759121652|language=en|page=65|access-date=November 18, 2020|archive-date=July 1, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210701192251/https://books.google.com/books?id=5LghYCqDJw8C&q=earliest+omelette+persia&pg=PA65|url-status=live}}</ref> Cookbooks from the [[Safavid dynasty|Safavid]] and [[Qajar dynasty|Qajar]] periods in Persia (Iran) mention kuku.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/coriander-coriandrum-sativum-l |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |title=Coriander |publication-date=31 October 2011 |volume=VI |page=273 |first=Hūšang |last=Aʿlam}}</ref> Qajar documents introduce it as a side dish.<ref name="Qajar">{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/qajar-14-cuisine |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |title=Qajar dynasty xiv. Qajar Cuisine |year=2015 |access-date=19 March 2015 |edition=online |first=Shireen |last=Mahdavi}}</ref> Herb kuku ({{Transliteration|fa|kuku sabzi}}), which is the most popular type,<ref name="Gilan" /> is served traditionally at [[Nowruz]], the Iranian New Year's Day,<ref name="Qajar" /><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/berenj-rice |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |title=Berenj "rice" |publication-date=15 December 1989 |volume=IV |pages=147–163 |first1=Marcel |last1=Bazin |first2=Christian |last2=Bromberger |first3=Daniel |last3=Balland |first4=Ṣoḡrā |last4=Bāzargān}}</ref> symbolizing a fresh start<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-10-23|title=Kuku Sabzi - No Dairy Frittata with Fresh Herbs|url=https://kitchenstarts.com/kuku-sabzi-no-diary-frittata-recipe/|access-date=2021-03-30|website=Kitchen Starts|language=en-US}}</ref> and also at [[Easter]],<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.latimes.com/food/la-fo-kuku-recipes-20170307-story.html |title=Say 'kuku' three times fast, then make the terrific Persian herb and egg dish for Easter brunch|first=Amy|last=Scattergood |work=Los Angeles Times |publication-date=13 April 2017}}</ref> which is celebrated by the [[Iranian Armenians]] and [[Iranian Georgians]]. ==ৰন্ধণ পদ্ধতি== [[File:Քուքու եփելիս.JPG|thumb|Cooking ''kuku sabzi'' (herb kuku) in a pan]] কুকু বনোৱাৰ পৰম্পৰাগত পদ্ধতি হ'ল কম জুইত তেলত ভাজি লোৱা আৰু তাৰ পিছত বন্ধ ৰন্ধন পাত্ৰত ভাপত দিয়া।<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/cooking |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |title=Cooking |access-date=28 October 2011 |pages=246–252 |volume=VI |first=Nancy Hatch |last=Dupree}}</ref> বেকিংও এটা জনপ্ৰিয় প্ৰস্তুতি পদ্ধতি। ইয়াক অতিৰিক্ত ডাঠ কৰিবলৈ চেনি যোগ কৰা হয়।<ref name="Gilan">{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/gilan-xxi-cooking |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |title=Gilān xxi. Cooking |access-date=29 June 2019 |edition=online |first=Christian |last=Bromberger}}</ref> চূড়ান্ত ৰূপটো হৈছে কেকৰ দৰে অমলেট যিটো সাধাৰণতে ৰুটিৰ সৈতে পৰিবেশন কৰা হয়, কিন্তু ভাতৰ সৈতেও পৰিবেশন কৰিব পাৰি – বিশেষকৈ উত্তৰ ইৰাণৰ গিলান প্ৰদেশত, য'ত পৰম্পৰাগতভাৱে ৰুটিতকৈ ভাত পছন্দ কৰা হয়।<ref name="Gilan"/> ==ভিন্নতা== Kuku is made with various ingredients and in a variety of styles,<ref>{{cite book |title=Persian Cooking: A Table of Exotic Delights |first=Nesta |last=Ramazani |pages=53–65 |chapter=Persian Souffles (Kookoo) |publisher=Ibex |year=1997 |isbn=0936347775 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GOidnQOUco0C&q=kookoo}}</ref> including herb kuku ({{Transliteration|fa|kuku sabzi}}), potato kuku ({{Transliteration|fa|kuku sibzamini}}), eggplant kuku ({{Transliteration|fa|kuku-ye bādenjān}}, {{Transliteration|glk|vereqā}}), roe kuku ({{Transliteration|glk|ašbal kuku}}), and yogurt kuku ({{Transliteration|fa|kuku-ye māst}}).<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/recipes/yogurt-kuku/8807/ |title=Yogurt Kuku |first=Julia |last=Ewan |publication-date=24 January 2007 |newspaper=The Washington Post}}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/carrot-the-taproot-of-daucus-l |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |title=Carrot |publication-date=15 December 1990 |volume=V |pages=13–17 |first=Hūšang |last=Aʿlam}}</ref> ===বনৌষধি কুকু=== Herb kuku ({{Langx|fa|کوکو سبزی|lit=kuku sabzi}}; {{Langx|az|göyərti küküsü|lit=green kuku}}),<ref>{{Cite web |last=Buyuran |first=Feride |date=2011-07-09 |title=Fresh Herb Kuku (Kükü) {{!}} AZ Cookbok |url=https://azcookbook.com/2011/07/09/fresh-herb-kuku/ |access-date=2022-09-08 |website=AZ Cookbook |language=en-US}}</ref> is the most common type of kuku.<ref name="Gilan"/> It is made of eggs and herbs such as leeks and parsley. Garlic, which is very popular in the northern regions of Iran, is also used as an ingredient.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/garlic |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |title=Garlic |publication-date=2 February 2012 |volume=X |page=315 |first=Etrat |last=Elahi}}</ref> Another variation is a recipe for walnut and herb kuku ({{Langx|fa|gerdu kuku}}''; {{Langx|az|qozlu kükü}}''), the addition of nuts changes the texture of the dish.<ref>{{Citation |title=Learn how to make walnut kükü |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_YsRKh_uejc |access-date=2022-09-08 |language=en}}</ref> ===বন্ধাকবি কুকু === ফুলকবি কুকু (কুকু-য়ে গোল-ই-কালাম) বিদামীকৈ ভজা পিঁয়াজ আৰু ফুলকবিৰে তৈয়াৰ কৰা হয়।<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Batmanglij |first=Najmieh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9co8YgEACAAJ |title=Food of Life: Ancient Persian and Modern Iranian Cooking and Ceremonies |date=2011 |publisher=Mage Publishers |isbn=978-1-933823-47-8 |pages=144 |language=en}}</ref> এই খাদ্যৰ এটা সংস্কৰণ নাজমেহ বাটমাংগলিজৰ প্ৰথম ইংৰাজী ভাষাৰ পাৰ্চী ৰন্ধন গ্ৰন্থ *ফুড অৱ লাইফ* (১৯৮৬)ত অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত কৰা হৈছিল।<ref name=":0" /> ===আলু কুকু=== আলুৰ কুকু বা পাৰ্চী ভাষাত 'কুকু চিবজামিনি'<ref>{{cite book |title=The Saffron Tales: Recipes from the Persian Kitchen |last=Khan |first=Yasmin |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |year=2016 |isbn=978-1408868744 |pages=76}}</ref><ref name="Qajar"/> <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2021-11-10 |title=Kuku Sibzamini With Lemon Yogurt |url=https://www.bonappetit.com/recipe/kuku-sibzamini-with-lemon-yogurt |access-date=2023-12-06 |website=Bon Appétit |publisher=Condé Nast |language=en-US}}</ref> কণী, আলু, কেশৰ আৰু হালধি আদি মচলা আৰু অন্যান্য উপাদানৰে তৈয়াৰ কৰা হয়।[20]আলুৰ কুকু ক স্পেনিছ অমলেট (এবিধ আলুৰ টৰ্টিলা) আৰু লেটকেৰ সৈতে তুলনা কৰা হয়। ===বেঙেনা কুকু=== বেঙেনা কুকু,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2010/jan/02/aubergine-kuku-recipe-vegetarian-cooking |work=The Guardian |title=Yotam Ottolenghi's aubergine kuku recipe |first=Yotam |last=Ottolenghi |publication-date=1 January 2010}}</ref> পাৰ্চী ভাষাত কুকু-য়ে বাডেঞ্জান নামেৰে জনাজাত বেঙেনা আৰু কণী পিটিকা আৰু অন্যান্য উপাদান যেনে পাৰ্চলি, আখৰোট, পিঁয়াজ,টেঙা ৰঙা বাৰবেৰী ফলৰ সৈতে তৈয়াৰ কৰা হয়।<ref> {{cite book |last1=Ghanoonparvar |first1=M.R. |authorlink1=M.R. Ghanoonparvar |title=Persian Cuisine I: Traditional Foods |url=https://lccn.loc.gov/82061281 |date=1982 |publisher=Mazda Publishers |location=Lexington, Kentucky|lccn=82061281 }}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/badenjan-egeplant-aubergine |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |title=Bādenjān |publication-date=19 August 2011 |volume=III |pages=366–368 |first1=F. |last1=Aubaile-Sallenave |first2=ʿE. |last2=Elāhī}}</ref> ===ৰৌ কুকু=== ৰৌ কুকু, যাক গিলাকী ভাষাত এছবাল কুকি বা এছবাল কুকি বুলি জনা যায়,<ref name= "Gilan"/> গিলান কুকু হৈছে এটা স্থানীয় প্ৰজাতিৰ মাছ (কেভিয়াৰ)ৰ কণী থাকে।<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/caviar |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |title=Caviar |publication-date=15 December 1990 |volume=V |pages=99–101 |first=Hūšang |last=Aʿlam}}</ref> ==তথ্যৰ উৎস== {{reflist}} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== * {{cite web |url=http://familyspice.com/recipes/recipe/?recipe_id=140 |title=Persian Herb Quiche &#124; Kookoo Sabzi (Kuku Sabzi) |work=Family Spice |last=Bashar |first=Laura |access-date=2014-10-14 |archive-date=2014-10-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141019000100/http://familyspice.com/recipes/recipe/?recipe_id=140 |url-status=dead }} * {{cite web |url=http://www.iranchamber.com/recipes/vegetarian/kookoo_sabzi.php |title=Kookoo-e Sabzi |work=Iran Chamber Society}} * {{cite web |url=https://www.splendidtable.org/recipes/cauliflower-kuku |title=Cauliflower Kuku |first=Najmieh |last=Batmanglij |work=Splendid Table}} *Baratzadeh, Emily. "[https://kitchenstarts.com/kuku-sabzi-no-diary-frittata-recipe/ Kuku Sabzi - No Dairy Frittata with Fresh Herbs]" Kitchen Starts. [[শ্ৰেণী:খাদ্য]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ইৰান]] mswdvrfgu5a7jrtudrcj8zpne82zlv1 605842 605841 2026-05-11T13:11:17Z নৰুনা বৰুৱা 44897 /* আলু কুকু */ 605842 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Egg-based Iranian dish}} {{Infobox food | name = কুকু | image = Kuku Sabzi (Iranian food).jpg | caption = ''Kuku sabzi'' (herb kuku) topped with [[berberis|barberries]] and [[walnut]]s | country = [[ইৰান]] | national_cuisine = ইৰাণী খাদ্য | type = অমলেট | course = [[Side dish]], [[main course]], or midday course | main_ingredient = কণী | variations = বনৌষধি কুকু, আলু কুকু, বেঙেনা কুকু | similar_dish = [[Frittata]], [[Quiche]], [[Eggah]] }} '''কুকু বা কুক''' (পাৰ্চী ভাষাত: کوکو ) কণীৰ লগত বিভিন্ন উপাদান মিহলাই তৈয়াৰ কৰা [[ইৰান]]ৰ ব্যঞ্জন। ই ইটালীয় ফ্ৰিটাটা, ফৰাচী কুইচ বা মুকলি মুখৰ অমলেটৰ দৰেই, কিন্তু ইয়াত সাধাৰণতে ফ্ৰিটাটাতকৈ কম কণী থাকে আৰু কম জুইত কম সময়ৰ বাবে সিজোৱা হয়, তাৰ পিছত ওপৰৰ স্তৰটো লুটিয়াই লৈ সজাই পৰিবেশণ কৰা হয় <ref name="Brown_1984">{{cite book |title=Vegetarian Cookbook |first=Sarah |last=Brown |publisher=HarperCollins |year=1984 |isbn=0-7225-2694-6|page=127}}</ref> বা কম সময়ৰ বাবে গ্ৰীল কৰা হয়।<ref name="Riley_2007">{{cite book |title=The Oxford Companion to Italian Food |first=Gillian |last=Riley |date=1 November 2007 |publisher=Oxford University Press |page=168 |chapter=Eggs}}</ref> ইয়াক গৰম বা ঠাণ্ডা ষ্টাৰ্টাৰ, চাইড ডিচ বা মেইন কোৰ্চ হিচাপে পৰিবেশন কৰা হয় আৰু ব্ৰেড আৰু দৈ বা চালাডৰ সৈতে পৰিবেশন কৰা হয়। <ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=19C3DnJyWE0C |title=A Taste of Persia: An Introduction to Persian Cooking |first=Najmieh |last=Batmanglij |date=24 October 2007 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |page=49}}</ref> == ইতিহাস == According to ''Breakfast: A History'', the earliest form of [[omelette]], which was introduced in [[ancient Persia]], was "nearly indistinguishable" from kuku.<ref name="Anderson2013">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5LghYCqDJw8C&q=earliest+omelette+persia&pg=PA65|title=Breakfast: A History|last=Anderson|first=Heather Arndt|date=July 11, 2013|publisher=AltaMira Press|isbn=9780759121652|language=en|page=65|access-date=November 18, 2020|archive-date=July 1, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210701192251/https://books.google.com/books?id=5LghYCqDJw8C&q=earliest+omelette+persia&pg=PA65|url-status=live}}</ref> Cookbooks from the [[Safavid dynasty|Safavid]] and [[Qajar dynasty|Qajar]] periods in Persia (Iran) mention kuku.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/coriander-coriandrum-sativum-l |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |title=Coriander |publication-date=31 October 2011 |volume=VI |page=273 |first=Hūšang |last=Aʿlam}}</ref> Qajar documents introduce it as a side dish.<ref name="Qajar">{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/qajar-14-cuisine |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |title=Qajar dynasty xiv. Qajar Cuisine |year=2015 |access-date=19 March 2015 |edition=online |first=Shireen |last=Mahdavi}}</ref> Herb kuku ({{Transliteration|fa|kuku sabzi}}), which is the most popular type,<ref name="Gilan" /> is served traditionally at [[Nowruz]], the Iranian New Year's Day,<ref name="Qajar" /><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/berenj-rice |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |title=Berenj "rice" |publication-date=15 December 1989 |volume=IV |pages=147–163 |first1=Marcel |last1=Bazin |first2=Christian |last2=Bromberger |first3=Daniel |last3=Balland |first4=Ṣoḡrā |last4=Bāzargān}}</ref> symbolizing a fresh start<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-10-23|title=Kuku Sabzi - No Dairy Frittata with Fresh Herbs|url=https://kitchenstarts.com/kuku-sabzi-no-diary-frittata-recipe/|access-date=2021-03-30|website=Kitchen Starts|language=en-US}}</ref> and also at [[Easter]],<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.latimes.com/food/la-fo-kuku-recipes-20170307-story.html |title=Say 'kuku' three times fast, then make the terrific Persian herb and egg dish for Easter brunch|first=Amy|last=Scattergood |work=Los Angeles Times |publication-date=13 April 2017}}</ref> which is celebrated by the [[Iranian Armenians]] and [[Iranian Georgians]]. ==ৰন্ধণ পদ্ধতি== [[File:Քուքու եփելիս.JPG|thumb|Cooking ''kuku sabzi'' (herb kuku) in a pan]] কুকু বনোৱাৰ পৰম্পৰাগত পদ্ধতি হ'ল কম জুইত তেলত ভাজি লোৱা আৰু তাৰ পিছত বন্ধ ৰন্ধন পাত্ৰত ভাপত দিয়া।<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/cooking |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |title=Cooking |access-date=28 October 2011 |pages=246–252 |volume=VI |first=Nancy Hatch |last=Dupree}}</ref> বেকিংও এটা জনপ্ৰিয় প্ৰস্তুতি পদ্ধতি। ইয়াক অতিৰিক্ত ডাঠ কৰিবলৈ চেনি যোগ কৰা হয়।<ref name="Gilan">{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/gilan-xxi-cooking |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |title=Gilān xxi. Cooking |access-date=29 June 2019 |edition=online |first=Christian |last=Bromberger}}</ref> চূড়ান্ত ৰূপটো হৈছে কেকৰ দৰে অমলেট যিটো সাধাৰণতে ৰুটিৰ সৈতে পৰিবেশন কৰা হয়, কিন্তু ভাতৰ সৈতেও পৰিবেশন কৰিব পাৰি – বিশেষকৈ উত্তৰ ইৰাণৰ গিলান প্ৰদেশত, য'ত পৰম্পৰাগতভাৱে ৰুটিতকৈ ভাত পছন্দ কৰা হয়।<ref name="Gilan"/> ==ভিন্নতা== Kuku is made with various ingredients and in a variety of styles,<ref>{{cite book |title=Persian Cooking: A Table of Exotic Delights |first=Nesta |last=Ramazani |pages=53–65 |chapter=Persian Souffles (Kookoo) |publisher=Ibex |year=1997 |isbn=0936347775 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GOidnQOUco0C&q=kookoo}}</ref> including herb kuku ({{Transliteration|fa|kuku sabzi}}), potato kuku ({{Transliteration|fa|kuku sibzamini}}), eggplant kuku ({{Transliteration|fa|kuku-ye bādenjān}}, {{Transliteration|glk|vereqā}}), roe kuku ({{Transliteration|glk|ašbal kuku}}), and yogurt kuku ({{Transliteration|fa|kuku-ye māst}}).<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/recipes/yogurt-kuku/8807/ |title=Yogurt Kuku |first=Julia |last=Ewan |publication-date=24 January 2007 |newspaper=The Washington Post}}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/carrot-the-taproot-of-daucus-l |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |title=Carrot |publication-date=15 December 1990 |volume=V |pages=13–17 |first=Hūšang |last=Aʿlam}}</ref> ===বনৌষধি কুকু=== Herb kuku ({{Langx|fa|کوکو سبزی|lit=kuku sabzi}}; {{Langx|az|göyərti küküsü|lit=green kuku}}),<ref>{{Cite web |last=Buyuran |first=Feride |date=2011-07-09 |title=Fresh Herb Kuku (Kükü) {{!}} AZ Cookbok |url=https://azcookbook.com/2011/07/09/fresh-herb-kuku/ |access-date=2022-09-08 |website=AZ Cookbook |language=en-US}}</ref> is the most common type of kuku.<ref name="Gilan"/> It is made of eggs and herbs such as leeks and parsley. Garlic, which is very popular in the northern regions of Iran, is also used as an ingredient.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/garlic |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |title=Garlic |publication-date=2 February 2012 |volume=X |page=315 |first=Etrat |last=Elahi}}</ref> Another variation is a recipe for walnut and herb kuku ({{Langx|fa|gerdu kuku}}''; {{Langx|az|qozlu kükü}}''), the addition of nuts changes the texture of the dish.<ref>{{Citation |title=Learn how to make walnut kükü |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_YsRKh_uejc |access-date=2022-09-08 |language=en}}</ref> ===বন্ধাকবি কুকু === ফুলকবি কুকু (কুকু-য়ে গোল-ই-কালাম) বিদামীকৈ ভজা পিঁয়াজ আৰু ফুলকবিৰে তৈয়াৰ কৰা হয়।<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Batmanglij |first=Najmieh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9co8YgEACAAJ |title=Food of Life: Ancient Persian and Modern Iranian Cooking and Ceremonies |date=2011 |publisher=Mage Publishers |isbn=978-1-933823-47-8 |pages=144 |language=en}}</ref> এই খাদ্যৰ এটা সংস্কৰণ নাজমেহ বাটমাংগলিজৰ প্ৰথম ইংৰাজী ভাষাৰ পাৰ্চী ৰন্ধন গ্ৰন্থ *ফুড অৱ লাইফ* (১৯৮৬)ত অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত কৰা হৈছিল।<ref name=":0" /> ===আলু কুকু=== আলুৰ কুকু বা পাৰ্চী ভাষাত 'কুকু চিবজামিনি'<ref>{{cite book |title=The Saffron Tales: Recipes from the Persian Kitchen |last=Khan |first=Yasmin |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |year=2016 |isbn=978-1408868744 |pages=76}}</ref><ref name="Qajar"/> <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2021-11-10 |title=Kuku Sibzamini With Lemon Yogurt |url=https://www.bonappetit.com/recipe/kuku-sibzamini-with-lemon-yogurt |access-date=2023-12-06 |website=Bon Appétit |publisher=Condé Nast |language=en-US}}</ref> কণী, আলু, কেশৰ আৰু হালধি আদি মচলা আৰু অন্যান্য উপাদানৰে তৈয়াৰ কৰা হয়।আলুৰ কুকু ক স্পেনিছ অমলেট (এবিধ আলুৰ টৰ্টিলা) আৰু লেটকেৰ সৈতে তুলনা কৰা হয়। ===বেঙেনা কুকু=== বেঙেনা কুকু,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2010/jan/02/aubergine-kuku-recipe-vegetarian-cooking |work=The Guardian |title=Yotam Ottolenghi's aubergine kuku recipe |first=Yotam |last=Ottolenghi |publication-date=1 January 2010}}</ref> পাৰ্চী ভাষাত কুকু-য়ে বাডেঞ্জান নামেৰে জনাজাত বেঙেনা আৰু কণী পিটিকা আৰু অন্যান্য উপাদান যেনে পাৰ্চলি, আখৰোট, পিঁয়াজ,টেঙা ৰঙা বাৰবেৰী ফলৰ সৈতে তৈয়াৰ কৰা হয়।<ref> {{cite book |last1=Ghanoonparvar |first1=M.R. |authorlink1=M.R. Ghanoonparvar |title=Persian Cuisine I: Traditional Foods |url=https://lccn.loc.gov/82061281 |date=1982 |publisher=Mazda Publishers |location=Lexington, Kentucky|lccn=82061281 }}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/badenjan-egeplant-aubergine |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |title=Bādenjān |publication-date=19 August 2011 |volume=III |pages=366–368 |first1=F. |last1=Aubaile-Sallenave |first2=ʿE. |last2=Elāhī}}</ref> ===ৰৌ কুকু=== ৰৌ কুকু, যাক গিলাকী ভাষাত এছবাল কুকি বা এছবাল কুকি বুলি জনা যায়,<ref name= "Gilan"/> গিলান কুকু হৈছে এটা স্থানীয় প্ৰজাতিৰ মাছ (কেভিয়াৰ)ৰ কণী থাকে।<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/caviar |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |title=Caviar |publication-date=15 December 1990 |volume=V |pages=99–101 |first=Hūšang |last=Aʿlam}}</ref> ==তথ্যৰ উৎস== {{reflist}} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== * {{cite web |url=http://familyspice.com/recipes/recipe/?recipe_id=140 |title=Persian Herb Quiche &#124; Kookoo Sabzi (Kuku Sabzi) |work=Family Spice |last=Bashar |first=Laura |access-date=2014-10-14 |archive-date=2014-10-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141019000100/http://familyspice.com/recipes/recipe/?recipe_id=140 |url-status=dead }} * {{cite web |url=http://www.iranchamber.com/recipes/vegetarian/kookoo_sabzi.php |title=Kookoo-e Sabzi |work=Iran Chamber Society}} * {{cite web |url=https://www.splendidtable.org/recipes/cauliflower-kuku |title=Cauliflower Kuku |first=Najmieh |last=Batmanglij |work=Splendid Table}} *Baratzadeh, Emily. "[https://kitchenstarts.com/kuku-sabzi-no-diary-frittata-recipe/ Kuku Sabzi - No Dairy Frittata with Fresh Herbs]" Kitchen Starts. [[শ্ৰেণী:খাদ্য]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ইৰান]] jesgtu0o0mzpi6bv5c0m0uggccwgq7i 605843 605842 2026-05-11T13:18:29Z নৰুনা বৰুৱা 44897 /* বনৌষধি কুকু */ 605843 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Egg-based Iranian dish}} {{Infobox food | name = কুকু | image = Kuku Sabzi (Iranian food).jpg | caption = ''Kuku sabzi'' (herb kuku) topped with [[berberis|barberries]] and [[walnut]]s | country = [[ইৰান]] | national_cuisine = ইৰাণী খাদ্য | type = অমলেট | course = [[Side dish]], [[main course]], or midday course | main_ingredient = কণী | variations = বনৌষধি কুকু, আলু কুকু, বেঙেনা কুকু | similar_dish = [[Frittata]], [[Quiche]], [[Eggah]] }} '''কুকু বা কুক''' (পাৰ্চী ভাষাত: کوکو ) কণীৰ লগত বিভিন্ন উপাদান মিহলাই তৈয়াৰ কৰা [[ইৰান]]ৰ ব্যঞ্জন। ই ইটালীয় ফ্ৰিটাটা, ফৰাচী কুইচ বা মুকলি মুখৰ অমলেটৰ দৰেই, কিন্তু ইয়াত সাধাৰণতে ফ্ৰিটাটাতকৈ কম কণী থাকে আৰু কম জুইত কম সময়ৰ বাবে সিজোৱা হয়, তাৰ পিছত ওপৰৰ স্তৰটো লুটিয়াই লৈ সজাই পৰিবেশণ কৰা হয় <ref name="Brown_1984">{{cite book |title=Vegetarian Cookbook |first=Sarah |last=Brown |publisher=HarperCollins |year=1984 |isbn=0-7225-2694-6|page=127}}</ref> বা কম সময়ৰ বাবে গ্ৰীল কৰা হয়।<ref name="Riley_2007">{{cite book |title=The Oxford Companion to Italian Food |first=Gillian |last=Riley |date=1 November 2007 |publisher=Oxford University Press |page=168 |chapter=Eggs}}</ref> ইয়াক গৰম বা ঠাণ্ডা ষ্টাৰ্টাৰ, চাইড ডিচ বা মেইন কোৰ্চ হিচাপে পৰিবেশন কৰা হয় আৰু ব্ৰেড আৰু দৈ বা চালাডৰ সৈতে পৰিবেশন কৰা হয়। <ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=19C3DnJyWE0C |title=A Taste of Persia: An Introduction to Persian Cooking |first=Najmieh |last=Batmanglij |date=24 October 2007 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |page=49}}</ref> == ইতিহাস == According to ''Breakfast: A History'', the earliest form of [[omelette]], which was introduced in [[ancient Persia]], was "nearly indistinguishable" from kuku.<ref name="Anderson2013">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5LghYCqDJw8C&q=earliest+omelette+persia&pg=PA65|title=Breakfast: A History|last=Anderson|first=Heather Arndt|date=July 11, 2013|publisher=AltaMira Press|isbn=9780759121652|language=en|page=65|access-date=November 18, 2020|archive-date=July 1, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210701192251/https://books.google.com/books?id=5LghYCqDJw8C&q=earliest+omelette+persia&pg=PA65|url-status=live}}</ref> Cookbooks from the [[Safavid dynasty|Safavid]] and [[Qajar dynasty|Qajar]] periods in Persia (Iran) mention kuku.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/coriander-coriandrum-sativum-l |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |title=Coriander |publication-date=31 October 2011 |volume=VI |page=273 |first=Hūšang |last=Aʿlam}}</ref> Qajar documents introduce it as a side dish.<ref name="Qajar">{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/qajar-14-cuisine |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |title=Qajar dynasty xiv. Qajar Cuisine |year=2015 |access-date=19 March 2015 |edition=online |first=Shireen |last=Mahdavi}}</ref> Herb kuku ({{Transliteration|fa|kuku sabzi}}), which is the most popular type,<ref name="Gilan" /> is served traditionally at [[Nowruz]], the Iranian New Year's Day,<ref name="Qajar" /><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/berenj-rice |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |title=Berenj "rice" |publication-date=15 December 1989 |volume=IV |pages=147–163 |first1=Marcel |last1=Bazin |first2=Christian |last2=Bromberger |first3=Daniel |last3=Balland |first4=Ṣoḡrā |last4=Bāzargān}}</ref> symbolizing a fresh start<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-10-23|title=Kuku Sabzi - No Dairy Frittata with Fresh Herbs|url=https://kitchenstarts.com/kuku-sabzi-no-diary-frittata-recipe/|access-date=2021-03-30|website=Kitchen Starts|language=en-US}}</ref> and also at [[Easter]],<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.latimes.com/food/la-fo-kuku-recipes-20170307-story.html |title=Say 'kuku' three times fast, then make the terrific Persian herb and egg dish for Easter brunch|first=Amy|last=Scattergood |work=Los Angeles Times |publication-date=13 April 2017}}</ref> which is celebrated by the [[Iranian Armenians]] and [[Iranian Georgians]]. ==ৰন্ধণ পদ্ধতি== [[File:Քուքու եփելիս.JPG|thumb|Cooking ''kuku sabzi'' (herb kuku) in a pan]] কুকু বনোৱাৰ পৰম্পৰাগত পদ্ধতি হ'ল কম জুইত তেলত ভাজি লোৱা আৰু তাৰ পিছত বন্ধ ৰন্ধন পাত্ৰত ভাপত দিয়া।<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/cooking |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |title=Cooking |access-date=28 October 2011 |pages=246–252 |volume=VI |first=Nancy Hatch |last=Dupree}}</ref> বেকিংও এটা জনপ্ৰিয় প্ৰস্তুতি পদ্ধতি। ইয়াক অতিৰিক্ত ডাঠ কৰিবলৈ চেনি যোগ কৰা হয়।<ref name="Gilan">{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/gilan-xxi-cooking |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |title=Gilān xxi. Cooking |access-date=29 June 2019 |edition=online |first=Christian |last=Bromberger}}</ref> চূড়ান্ত ৰূপটো হৈছে কেকৰ দৰে অমলেট যিটো সাধাৰণতে ৰুটিৰ সৈতে পৰিবেশন কৰা হয়, কিন্তু ভাতৰ সৈতেও পৰিবেশন কৰিব পাৰি – বিশেষকৈ উত্তৰ ইৰাণৰ গিলান প্ৰদেশত, য'ত পৰম্পৰাগতভাৱে ৰুটিতকৈ ভাত পছন্দ কৰা হয়।<ref name="Gilan"/> ==ভিন্নতা== Kuku is made with various ingredients and in a variety of styles,<ref>{{cite book |title=Persian Cooking: A Table of Exotic Delights |first=Nesta |last=Ramazani |pages=53–65 |chapter=Persian Souffles (Kookoo) |publisher=Ibex |year=1997 |isbn=0936347775 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GOidnQOUco0C&q=kookoo}}</ref> including herb kuku ({{Transliteration|fa|kuku sabzi}}), potato kuku ({{Transliteration|fa|kuku sibzamini}}), eggplant kuku ({{Transliteration|fa|kuku-ye bādenjān}}, {{Transliteration|glk|vereqā}}), roe kuku ({{Transliteration|glk|ašbal kuku}}), and yogurt kuku ({{Transliteration|fa|kuku-ye māst}}).<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/recipes/yogurt-kuku/8807/ |title=Yogurt Kuku |first=Julia |last=Ewan |publication-date=24 January 2007 |newspaper=The Washington Post}}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/carrot-the-taproot-of-daucus-l |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |title=Carrot |publication-date=15 December 1990 |volume=V |pages=13–17 |first=Hūšang |last=Aʿlam}}</ref> ===বনৌষধি কুকু=== বনৌষধি কুকু (পাৰ্চী ভাষাত কুকু, আক্ষৰিক অৰ্থত 'কোকিল শাক'; আজাৰবাইজানী ভাষাত আক্ষৰিক অৰ্থত 'সেউজীয়া কুকু')<ref>{{Cite web |last=Buyuran |first=Feride |date=2011-07-09 |title=Fresh Herb Kuku (Kükü) {{!}} AZ Cookbok |url=https://azcookbook.com/2011/07/09/fresh-herb-kuku/ |access-date=2022-09-08 |website=AZ Cookbook |language=en-US}}</ref> হৈছে আটাইতকৈ সাধাৰণ ধৰণৰ কুকু।<ref name="Gilan"/> ইয়াক কণী আৰু বনৌষধি যেনে লিক আৰু পাৰ্চলিৰে তৈয়াৰ কৰা হয়। উত্তৰ ইৰাণত অতি জনপ্ৰিয় নহৰুকো ইয়াৰ উপাদান হিচাপে ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়।<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/garlic |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |title=Garlic |publication-date=2 February 2012 |volume=X |page=315 |first=Etrat |last=Elahi}}</ref> আন এটা ভিন্নতা হ'ল আখৰোট আৰু বনৌষধি কুকু (পাৰ্চী:গেৰ্দু কুকু ; আজাৰবাইজানী:ক'জলু কুকু ); বাদাম যোগ কৰিলে খাদ্যৰ সোৱাদ সলনি হয়।<ref>{{Citation |title=Learn how to make walnut kükü |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_YsRKh_uejc |access-date=2022-09-08 |language=en}}</ref> ===বন্ধাকবি কুকু === ফুলকবি কুকু (কুকু-য়ে গোল-ই-কালাম) বিদামীকৈ ভজা পিঁয়াজ আৰু ফুলকবিৰে তৈয়াৰ কৰা হয়।<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Batmanglij |first=Najmieh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9co8YgEACAAJ |title=Food of Life: Ancient Persian and Modern Iranian Cooking and Ceremonies |date=2011 |publisher=Mage Publishers |isbn=978-1-933823-47-8 |pages=144 |language=en}}</ref> এই খাদ্যৰ এটা সংস্কৰণ নাজমেহ বাটমাংগলিজৰ প্ৰথম ইংৰাজী ভাষাৰ পাৰ্চী ৰন্ধন গ্ৰন্থ *ফুড অৱ লাইফ* (১৯৮৬)ত অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত কৰা হৈছিল।<ref name=":0" /> ===আলু কুকু=== আলুৰ কুকু বা পাৰ্চী ভাষাত 'কুকু চিবজামিনি'<ref>{{cite book |title=The Saffron Tales: Recipes from the Persian Kitchen |last=Khan |first=Yasmin |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |year=2016 |isbn=978-1408868744 |pages=76}}</ref><ref name="Qajar"/> <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2021-11-10 |title=Kuku Sibzamini With Lemon Yogurt |url=https://www.bonappetit.com/recipe/kuku-sibzamini-with-lemon-yogurt |access-date=2023-12-06 |website=Bon Appétit |publisher=Condé Nast |language=en-US}}</ref> কণী, আলু, কেশৰ আৰু হালধি আদি মচলা আৰু অন্যান্য উপাদানৰে তৈয়াৰ কৰা হয়।আলুৰ কুকু ক স্পেনিছ অমলেট (এবিধ আলুৰ টৰ্টিলা) আৰু লেটকেৰ সৈতে তুলনা কৰা হয়। ===বেঙেনা কুকু=== বেঙেনা কুকু,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2010/jan/02/aubergine-kuku-recipe-vegetarian-cooking |work=The Guardian |title=Yotam Ottolenghi's aubergine kuku recipe |first=Yotam |last=Ottolenghi |publication-date=1 January 2010}}</ref> পাৰ্চী ভাষাত কুকু-য়ে বাডেঞ্জান নামেৰে জনাজাত বেঙেনা আৰু কণী পিটিকা আৰু অন্যান্য উপাদান যেনে পাৰ্চলি, আখৰোট, পিঁয়াজ,টেঙা ৰঙা বাৰবেৰী ফলৰ সৈতে তৈয়াৰ কৰা হয়।<ref> {{cite book |last1=Ghanoonparvar |first1=M.R. |authorlink1=M.R. Ghanoonparvar |title=Persian Cuisine I: Traditional Foods |url=https://lccn.loc.gov/82061281 |date=1982 |publisher=Mazda Publishers |location=Lexington, Kentucky|lccn=82061281 }}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/badenjan-egeplant-aubergine |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |title=Bādenjān |publication-date=19 August 2011 |volume=III |pages=366–368 |first1=F. |last1=Aubaile-Sallenave |first2=ʿE. |last2=Elāhī}}</ref> ===ৰৌ কুকু=== ৰৌ কুকু, যাক গিলাকী ভাষাত এছবাল কুকি বা এছবাল কুকি বুলি জনা যায়,<ref name= "Gilan"/> গিলান কুকু হৈছে এটা স্থানীয় প্ৰজাতিৰ মাছ (কেভিয়াৰ)ৰ কণী থাকে।<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/caviar |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |title=Caviar |publication-date=15 December 1990 |volume=V |pages=99–101 |first=Hūšang |last=Aʿlam}}</ref> ==তথ্যৰ উৎস== {{reflist}} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== * {{cite web |url=http://familyspice.com/recipes/recipe/?recipe_id=140 |title=Persian Herb Quiche &#124; Kookoo Sabzi (Kuku Sabzi) |work=Family Spice |last=Bashar |first=Laura |access-date=2014-10-14 |archive-date=2014-10-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141019000100/http://familyspice.com/recipes/recipe/?recipe_id=140 |url-status=dead }} * {{cite web |url=http://www.iranchamber.com/recipes/vegetarian/kookoo_sabzi.php |title=Kookoo-e Sabzi |work=Iran Chamber Society}} * {{cite web |url=https://www.splendidtable.org/recipes/cauliflower-kuku |title=Cauliflower Kuku |first=Najmieh |last=Batmanglij |work=Splendid Table}} *Baratzadeh, Emily. "[https://kitchenstarts.com/kuku-sabzi-no-diary-frittata-recipe/ Kuku Sabzi - No Dairy Frittata with Fresh Herbs]" Kitchen Starts. [[শ্ৰেণী:খাদ্য]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ইৰান]] ckvn1mk7p6qnjmxcmksd6jpjcak1mdd 605846 605843 2026-05-11T13:32:50Z নৰুনা বৰুৱা 44897 [[ৱিকিপিডিয়া:লাচিত বৰ্ণাশুদ্ধি নিবাৰক|লাচিত বৰ্ণাশুদ্ধি নিবাৰকৰ]] সহায়ত বৰ্ণাশুদ্ধি নিবাৰণ কৰা হ’ল। 605846 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Egg-based Iranian dish}} {{Infobox food | name = কুকু | image = Kuku Sabzi (Iranian food).jpg | caption = ''Kuku sabzi'' (herb kuku) topped with [[berberis|barberries]] and [[walnut]]s | country = [[ইৰান]] | national_cuisine = ইৰাণী খাদ্য | type = অমলেট | course = [[Side dish]], [[main course]], or midday course | main_ingredient = কণী | variations = বনৌষধি কুকু, আলু কুকু, বেঙেনা কুকু | similar_dish = [[Frittata]], [[Quiche]], [[Eggah]] }} '''কুকু বা কুক''' (পাৰ্চী ভাষাত: کوکو ) কণীৰ লগত বিভিন্ন উপাদান মিহলাই তৈয়াৰ কৰা [[ইৰান]]ৰ ব্যঞ্জন। ই ইটালীয় ফ্ৰিটাটা, ফৰাচী কুইচ বা মুকলি মুখৰ অমলেটৰ দৰেই, কিন্তু ইয়াত সাধাৰণতে ফ্ৰিটাটাতকৈ কম কণী থাকে আৰু কম জুইত কম সময়ৰ বাবে সিজোৱা হয়, তাৰ পিছত ওপৰৰ স্তৰটো লুটিয়াই লৈ সজাই পৰিবেশণ কৰা হয় <ref name="Brown_1984">{{cite book |title=Vegetarian Cookbook |first=Sarah |last=Brown |publisher=HarperCollins |year=1984 |isbn=0-7225-2694-6|page=127}}</ref> বা কম সময়ৰ বাবে গ্ৰীল কৰা হয়।<ref name="Riley_2007">{{cite book |title=The Oxford Companion to Italian Food |first=Gillian |last=Riley |date=1 November 2007 |publisher=Oxford University Press |page=168 |chapter=Eggs}}</ref> ইয়াক গৰম বা ঠাণ্ডা ষ্টাৰ্টাৰ, চাইড ডিচ বা মেইন কোৰ্চ হিচাপে পৰিবেশন কৰা হয় আৰু ব্ৰেড আৰু দৈ বা চালাডৰ সৈতে পৰিবেশন কৰা হয়। <ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=19C3DnJyWE0C |title=A Taste of Persia: An Introduction to Persian Cooking |first=Najmieh |last=Batmanglij |date=24 October 2007 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |page=49}}</ref> == ইতিহাস == ''ব্ৰেকফাষ্ট: এ হিষ্ট্ৰী'' গ্ৰন্থত উল্লেশ থকা মতে অমলেটৰ আদিম ৰূপ উৎপত্তি প্ৰাচীন পাৰস্যত হৈছিল। আৰু এয়া কুকু সৈতে বহুত মিল আছিল।<ref name="Anderson2013">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5LghYCqDJw8C&q=earliest+omelette+persia&pg=PA65|title=Breakfast: A History|last=Anderson|first=Heather Arndt|date=July 11, 2013|publisher=AltaMira Press|isbn=9780759121652|language=en|page=65|access-date=November 18, 2020|archive-date=July 1, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210701192251/https://books.google.com/books?id=5LghYCqDJw8C&q=earliest+omelette+persia&pg=PA65|url-status=live}}</ref> পাৰস্য (ইৰাণ)ৰ ছাফাৱী আৰু কাজাৰ যুগৰ ৰন্ধন পুথিত কুকু বিষয়ে উল্লেখ আছে। <ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/coriander-coriandrum-sativum-l |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |title=Coriander |publication-date=31 October 2011 |volume=VI |page=273 |first=Hūšang |last=Aʿlam}}</ref> কাজাৰ যুগৰ নথি-পত্ৰত ইয়াক অতিৰিক্ত ব্যঞ্জন হিচাপে বৰ্ণনা কৰা হৈছে।<ref name="Qajar">{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/qajar-14-cuisine |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |title=Qajar dynasty xiv. Qajar Cuisine |year=2015 |access-date=19 March 2015 |edition=online |first=Shireen |last=Mahdavi}}</ref> বনৌষধি কুকু (কুকু ছাবজি) হৈছে আটাইতকৈ জনপ্ৰিয় প্ৰকাৰ <ref name="Gilan" /> পৰম্পৰাগতভাৱে [[নৌৰুজ]] বা ইৰাণৰ নৱবৰ্ষত পৰিৱেশন কৰা হয়।<ref name="Qajar" /><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/berenj-rice |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |title=Berenj "rice" |publication-date=15 December 1989 |volume=IV |pages=147–163 |first1=Marcel |last1=Bazin |first2=Christian |last2=Bromberger |first3=Daniel |last3=Balland |first4=Ṣoḡrā |last4=Bāzargān}}</ref> symbolizing a fresh start<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-10-23|title=Kuku Sabzi - No Dairy Frittata with Fresh Herbs|url=https://kitchenstarts.com/kuku-sabzi-no-diary-frittata-recipe/|access-date=2021-03-30|website=Kitchen Starts|language=en-US}}</ref> ই নতুন আৰম্ভণিৰ প্ৰতীক <ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-10-23|title=Kuku Sabzi - No Dairy Frittata with Fresh Herbs|url=https://kitchenstarts.com/kuku-sabzi-no-diary-frittata-recipe/|access-date=2021-03-30|website=Kitchen Starts|language=en-US}}</ref> আৰু ইষ্টাৰৰদিনাও ইয়াক পৰিৱেশন কৰা হয়,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.latimes.com/food/la-fo-kuku-recipes-20170307-story.html |title=Say 'kuku' three times fast, then make the terrific Persian herb and egg dish for Easter brunch|first=Amy|last=Scattergood |work=Los Angeles Times |publication-date=13 April 2017}}</ref> যিটো ইৰাণী আৰ্মেনিয়ান আৰু ইৰাণী জৰ্জিয়ানসকলে উদ্‌যাপন কৰে। ==ৰন্ধণ পদ্ধতি== [[File:Քուքու եփելիս.JPG|thumb|Cooking ''kuku sabzi'' (herb kuku) in a pan]] কুকু বনোৱাৰ পৰম্পৰাগত পদ্ধতি হ'ল কম জুইত তেলত ভাজি লোৱা আৰু তাৰ পিছত বন্ধ ৰন্ধন পাত্ৰত ভাপত দিয়া।<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/cooking |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |title=Cooking |access-date=28 October 2011 |pages=246–252 |volume=VI |first=Nancy Hatch |last=Dupree}}</ref> বেকিংও এটা জনপ্ৰিয় প্ৰস্তুতি পদ্ধতি। ইয়াক অতিৰিক্ত ডাঠ কৰিবলৈ চেনি যোগ কৰা হয়।<ref name="Gilan">{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/gilan-xxi-cooking |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |title=Gilān xxi. Cooking |access-date=29 June 2019 |edition=online |first=Christian |last=Bromberger}}</ref> চূড়ান্ত ৰূপটো হৈছে কেকৰ দৰে অমলেট যিটো সাধাৰণতে ৰুটিৰ সৈতে পৰিবেশন কৰা হয়, কিন্তু ভাতৰ সৈতেও পৰিবেশন কৰিব পাৰি – বিশেষকৈ উত্তৰ ইৰাণৰ গিলান প্ৰদেশত, য'ত পৰম্পৰাগতভাৱে ৰুটিতকৈ ভাত পছন্দ কৰা হয়।<ref name="Gilan"/> ==ভিন্নতা== Kuku is made with various ingredients and in a variety of styles,<ref>{{cite book |title=Persian Cooking: A Table of Exotic Delights |first=Nesta |last=Ramazani |pages=53–65 |chapter=Persian Souffles (Kookoo) |publisher=Ibex |year=1997 |isbn=0936347775 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GOidnQOUco0C&q=kookoo}}</ref> including herb kuku ({{Transliteration|fa|kuku sabzi}}), potato kuku ({{Transliteration|fa|kuku sibzamini}}), eggplant kuku ({{Transliteration|fa|kuku-ye bādenjān}}, {{Transliteration|glk|vereqā}}), roe kuku ({{Transliteration|glk|ašbal kuku}}), and yogurt kuku ({{Transliteration|fa|kuku-ye māst}}).<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/recipes/yogurt-kuku/8807/ |title=Yogurt Kuku |first=Julia |last=Ewan |publication-date=24 January 2007 |newspaper=The Washington Post}}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/carrot-the-taproot-of-daucus-l |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |title=Carrot |publication-date=15 December 1990 |volume=V |pages=13–17 |first=Hūšang |last=Aʿlam}}</ref> ===বনৌষধি কুকু=== বনৌষধি কুকু (পাৰ্চী ভাষাত কুকু, আক্ষৰিক অৰ্থত 'কোকিল শাক'; আজাৰবাইজানী ভাষাত আক্ষৰিক অৰ্থত 'সেউজীয়া কুকু')<ref>{{Cite web |last=Buyuran |first=Feride |date=2011-07-09 |title=Fresh Herb Kuku (Kükü) {{!}} AZ Cookbok |url=https://azcookbook.com/2011/07/09/fresh-herb-kuku/ |access-date=2022-09-08 |website=AZ Cookbook |language=en-US}}</ref> হৈছে আটাইতকৈ সাধাৰণ ধৰণৰ কুকু।<ref name="Gilan"/> ইয়াক কণী আৰু বনৌষধি যেনে লিক আৰু পাৰ্চলিৰে তৈয়াৰ কৰা হয়। উত্তৰ ইৰাণত অতি জনপ্ৰিয় নহৰুকো ইয়াৰ উপাদান হিচাপে ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়।<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/garlic |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |title=Garlic |publication-date=2 February 2012 |volume=X |page=315 |first=Etrat |last=Elahi}}</ref> আন এটা ভিন্নতা হ'ল আখৰোট আৰু বনৌষধি কুকু (পাৰ্চী:গেৰ্দু কুকু ; আজাৰবাইজানী:ক'জলু কুকু ); বাদাম যোগ কৰিলে খাদ্যৰ সোৱাদ সলনি হয়।<ref>{{Citation |title=Learn how to make walnut kükü |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_YsRKh_uejc |access-date=2022-09-08 |language=en}}</ref> ===বন্ধাকবি কুকু === ফুলকবি কুকু (কুকু-য়ে গোল-ই-কালাম) বিদামীকৈ ভজা পিঁয়াজ আৰু ফুলকবিৰে তৈয়াৰ কৰা হয়।<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Batmanglij |first=Najmieh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9co8YgEACAAJ |title=Food of Life: Ancient Persian and Modern Iranian Cooking and Ceremonies |date=2011 |publisher=Mage Publishers |isbn=978-1-933823-47-8 |pages=144 |language=en}}</ref> এই খাদ্যৰ এটা সংস্কৰণ নাজমেহ বাটমাংগলিজৰ প্ৰথম ইংৰাজী ভাষাৰ পাৰ্চী ৰন্ধন গ্ৰন্থ *ফুড অৱ লাইফ* (১৯৮৬)ত অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত কৰা হৈছিল।<ref name=":0" /> ===আলু কুকু=== আলুৰ কুকু বা পাৰ্চী ভাষাত 'কুকু চিবজামিনি'<ref>{{cite book |title=The Saffron Tales: Recipes from the Persian Kitchen |last=Khan |first=Yasmin |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |year=2016 |isbn=978-1408868744 |pages=76}}</ref><ref name="Qajar"/> <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2021-11-10 |title=Kuku Sibzamini With Lemon Yogurt |url=https://www.bonappetit.com/recipe/kuku-sibzamini-with-lemon-yogurt |access-date=2023-12-06 |website=Bon Appétit |publisher=Condé Nast |language=en-US}}</ref> কণী, আলু, কেশৰ আৰু হালধি আদি মচলা আৰু অন্যান্য উপাদানৰে তৈয়াৰ কৰা হয়।আলুৰ কুকু ক স্পেনিছ অমলেট (এবিধ আলুৰ টৰ্টিলা) আৰু লেটকেৰ সৈতে তুলনা কৰা হয়। ===বেঙেনা কুকু=== বেঙেনা কুকু,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2010/jan/02/aubergine-kuku-recipe-vegetarian-cooking |work=The Guardian |title=Yotam Ottolenghi's aubergine kuku recipe |first=Yotam |last=Ottolenghi |publication-date=1 January 2010}}</ref> পাৰ্চী ভাষাত কুকু-য়ে বাডেঞ্জান নামেৰে জনাজাত বেঙেনা আৰু কণী পিটিকা আৰু অন্যান্য উপাদান যেনে পাৰ্চলি, আখৰোট, পিঁয়াজ,টেঙা ৰঙা বাৰবেৰী ফলৰ সৈতে তৈয়াৰ কৰা হয়।<ref> {{cite book |last1=Ghanoonparvar |first1=M.R. |authorlink1=M.R. Ghanoonparvar |title=Persian Cuisine I: Traditional Foods |url=https://lccn.loc.gov/82061281 |date=1982 |publisher=Mazda Publishers |location=Lexington, Kentucky|lccn=82061281 }}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/badenjan-egeplant-aubergine |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |title=Bādenjān |publication-date=19 August 2011 |volume=III |pages=366–368 |first1=F. |last1=Aubaile-Sallenave |first2=ʿE. |last2=Elāhī}}</ref> ===ৰৌ কুকু=== ৰৌ কুকু, যাক গিলাকী ভাষাত এছবাল কুকি বা এছবাল কুকি বুলি জনা যায়,<ref name= "Gilan"/> গিলান কুকু হৈছে এটা স্থানীয় প্ৰজাতিৰ মাছ (কেভিয়াৰ)ৰ কণী থাকে।<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/caviar |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |title=Caviar |publication-date=15 December 1990 |volume=V |pages=99–101 |first=Hūšang |last=Aʿlam}}</ref> ==তথ্যৰ উৎস== {{reflist}} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== * {{cite web |url=http://familyspice.com/recipes/recipe/?recipe_id=140 |title=Persian Herb Quiche &#124; Kookoo Sabzi (Kuku Sabzi) |work=Family Spice |last=Bashar |first=Laura |access-date=2014-10-14 |archive-date=2014-10-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141019000100/http://familyspice.com/recipes/recipe/?recipe_id=140 |url-status=dead }} * {{cite web |url=http://www.iranchamber.com/recipes/vegetarian/kookoo_sabzi.php |title=Kookoo-e Sabzi |work=Iran Chamber Society}} * {{cite web |url=https://www.splendidtable.org/recipes/cauliflower-kuku |title=Cauliflower Kuku |first=Najmieh |last=Batmanglij |work=Splendid Table}} *Baratzadeh, Emily. "[https://kitchenstarts.com/kuku-sabzi-no-diary-frittata-recipe/ Kuku Sabzi - No Dairy Frittata with Fresh Herbs]" Kitchen Starts. [[শ্ৰেণী:খাদ্য]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ইৰান]] ryoi21c2rclt1tynvj148z8ig4juyo8 605847 605846 2026-05-11T13:33:39Z নৰুনা বৰুৱা 44897 /* ইতিহাস */ 605847 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Egg-based Iranian dish}} {{Infobox food | name = কুকু | image = Kuku Sabzi (Iranian food).jpg | caption = ''Kuku sabzi'' (herb kuku) topped with [[berberis|barberries]] and [[walnut]]s | country = [[ইৰান]] | national_cuisine = ইৰাণী খাদ্য | type = অমলেট | course = [[Side dish]], [[main course]], or midday course | main_ingredient = কণী | variations = বনৌষধি কুকু, আলু কুকু, বেঙেনা কুকু | similar_dish = [[Frittata]], [[Quiche]], [[Eggah]] }} '''কুকু বা কুক''' (পাৰ্চী ভাষাত: کوکو ) কণীৰ লগত বিভিন্ন উপাদান মিহলাই তৈয়াৰ কৰা [[ইৰান]]ৰ ব্যঞ্জন। ই ইটালীয় ফ্ৰিটাটা, ফৰাচী কুইচ বা মুকলি মুখৰ অমলেটৰ দৰেই, কিন্তু ইয়াত সাধাৰণতে ফ্ৰিটাটাতকৈ কম কণী থাকে আৰু কম জুইত কম সময়ৰ বাবে সিজোৱা হয়, তাৰ পিছত ওপৰৰ স্তৰটো লুটিয়াই লৈ সজাই পৰিবেশণ কৰা হয় <ref name="Brown_1984">{{cite book |title=Vegetarian Cookbook |first=Sarah |last=Brown |publisher=HarperCollins |year=1984 |isbn=0-7225-2694-6|page=127}}</ref> বা কম সময়ৰ বাবে গ্ৰীল কৰা হয়।<ref name="Riley_2007">{{cite book |title=The Oxford Companion to Italian Food |first=Gillian |last=Riley |date=1 November 2007 |publisher=Oxford University Press |page=168 |chapter=Eggs}}</ref> ইয়াক গৰম বা ঠাণ্ডা ষ্টাৰ্টাৰ, চাইড ডিচ বা মেইন কোৰ্চ হিচাপে পৰিবেশন কৰা হয় আৰু ব্ৰেড আৰু দৈ বা চালাডৰ সৈতে পৰিবেশন কৰা হয়। <ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=19C3DnJyWE0C |title=A Taste of Persia: An Introduction to Persian Cooking |first=Najmieh |last=Batmanglij |date=24 October 2007 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |page=49}}</ref> == ইতিহাস == ''ব্ৰেকফাষ্ট: এ হিষ্ট্ৰী'' গ্ৰন্থত উল্লেশ থকা মতে অমলেটৰ আদিম ৰূপ উৎপত্তি প্ৰাচীন পাৰস্যত হৈছিল। আৰু এয়া কুকু সৈতে বহুত মিল আছিল।<ref name="Anderson2013">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5LghYCqDJw8C&q=earliest+omelette+persia&pg=PA65|title=Breakfast: A History|last=Anderson|first=Heather Arndt|date=July 11, 2013|publisher=AltaMira Press|isbn=9780759121652|language=en|page=65|access-date=November 18, 2020|archive-date=July 1, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210701192251/https://books.google.com/books?id=5LghYCqDJw8C&q=earliest+omelette+persia&pg=PA65|url-status=live}}</ref> পাৰস্য (ইৰাণ)ৰ ছাফাৱী আৰু কাজাৰ যুগৰ ৰন্ধন পুথিত কুকু বিষয়ে উল্লেখ আছে। <ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/coriander-coriandrum-sativum-l |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |title=Coriander |publication-date=31 October 2011 |volume=VI |page=273 |first=Hūšang |last=Aʿlam}}</ref> কাজাৰ যুগৰ নথি-পত্ৰত ইয়াক অতিৰিক্ত ব্যঞ্জন হিচাপে বৰ্ণনা কৰা হৈছে।<ref name="Qajar">{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/qajar-14-cuisine |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |title=Qajar dynasty xiv. Qajar Cuisine |year=2015 |access-date=19 March 2015 |edition=online |first=Shireen |last=Mahdavi}}</ref> বনৌষধি কুকু (কুকু ছাবজি) হৈছে আটাইতকৈ জনপ্ৰিয় প্ৰকাৰ <ref name="Gilan" /> পৰম্পৰাগতভাৱে [[নৌৰুজ]] বা ইৰাণৰ নৱবৰ্ষত পৰিৱেশন কৰা হয়।<ref name="Qajar" /><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/berenj-rice |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |title=Berenj "rice" |publication-date=15 December 1989 |volume=IV |pages=147–163 |first1=Marcel |last1=Bazin |first2=Christian |last2=Bromberger |first3=Daniel |last3=Balland |first4=Ṣoḡrā |last4=Bāzargān}}</ref> ই নতুন আৰম্ভণিৰ প্ৰতীক <ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-10-23|title=Kuku Sabzi - No Dairy Frittata with Fresh Herbs|url=https://kitchenstarts.com/kuku-sabzi-no-diary-frittata-recipe/|access-date=2021-03-30|website=Kitchen Starts|language=en-US}}</ref> আৰু ইষ্টাৰৰদিনাও ইয়াক পৰিৱেশন কৰা হয়,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.latimes.com/food/la-fo-kuku-recipes-20170307-story.html |title=Say 'kuku' three times fast, then make the terrific Persian herb and egg dish for Easter brunch|first=Amy|last=Scattergood |work=Los Angeles Times |publication-date=13 April 2017}}</ref> যিটো ইৰাণী আৰ্মেনিয়ান আৰু ইৰাণী জৰ্জিয়ানসকলে উদ্‌যাপন কৰে। ==ৰন্ধণ পদ্ধতি== [[File:Քուքու եփելիս.JPG|thumb|Cooking ''kuku sabzi'' (herb kuku) in a pan]] কুকু বনোৱাৰ পৰম্পৰাগত পদ্ধতি হ'ল কম জুইত তেলত ভাজি লোৱা আৰু তাৰ পিছত বন্ধ ৰন্ধন পাত্ৰত ভাপত দিয়া।<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/cooking |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |title=Cooking |access-date=28 October 2011 |pages=246–252 |volume=VI |first=Nancy Hatch |last=Dupree}}</ref> বেকিংও এটা জনপ্ৰিয় প্ৰস্তুতি পদ্ধতি। ইয়াক অতিৰিক্ত ডাঠ কৰিবলৈ চেনি যোগ কৰা হয়।<ref name="Gilan">{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/gilan-xxi-cooking |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |title=Gilān xxi. Cooking |access-date=29 June 2019 |edition=online |first=Christian |last=Bromberger}}</ref> চূড়ান্ত ৰূপটো হৈছে কেকৰ দৰে অমলেট যিটো সাধাৰণতে ৰুটিৰ সৈতে পৰিবেশন কৰা হয়, কিন্তু ভাতৰ সৈতেও পৰিবেশন কৰিব পাৰি – বিশেষকৈ উত্তৰ ইৰাণৰ গিলান প্ৰদেশত, য'ত পৰম্পৰাগতভাৱে ৰুটিতকৈ ভাত পছন্দ কৰা হয়।<ref name="Gilan"/> ==ভিন্নতা== Kuku is made with various ingredients and in a variety of styles,<ref>{{cite book |title=Persian Cooking: A Table of Exotic Delights |first=Nesta |last=Ramazani |pages=53–65 |chapter=Persian Souffles (Kookoo) |publisher=Ibex |year=1997 |isbn=0936347775 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GOidnQOUco0C&q=kookoo}}</ref> including herb kuku ({{Transliteration|fa|kuku sabzi}}), potato kuku ({{Transliteration|fa|kuku sibzamini}}), eggplant kuku ({{Transliteration|fa|kuku-ye bādenjān}}, {{Transliteration|glk|vereqā}}), roe kuku ({{Transliteration|glk|ašbal kuku}}), and yogurt kuku ({{Transliteration|fa|kuku-ye māst}}).<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/recipes/yogurt-kuku/8807/ |title=Yogurt Kuku |first=Julia |last=Ewan |publication-date=24 January 2007 |newspaper=The Washington Post}}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/carrot-the-taproot-of-daucus-l |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |title=Carrot |publication-date=15 December 1990 |volume=V |pages=13–17 |first=Hūšang |last=Aʿlam}}</ref> ===বনৌষধি কুকু=== বনৌষধি কুকু (পাৰ্চী ভাষাত কুকু, আক্ষৰিক অৰ্থত 'কোকিল শাক'; আজাৰবাইজানী ভাষাত আক্ষৰিক অৰ্থত 'সেউজীয়া কুকু')<ref>{{Cite web |last=Buyuran |first=Feride |date=2011-07-09 |title=Fresh Herb Kuku (Kükü) {{!}} AZ Cookbok |url=https://azcookbook.com/2011/07/09/fresh-herb-kuku/ |access-date=2022-09-08 |website=AZ Cookbook |language=en-US}}</ref> হৈছে আটাইতকৈ সাধাৰণ ধৰণৰ কুকু।<ref name="Gilan"/> ইয়াক কণী আৰু বনৌষধি যেনে লিক আৰু পাৰ্চলিৰে তৈয়াৰ কৰা হয়। উত্তৰ ইৰাণত অতি জনপ্ৰিয় নহৰুকো ইয়াৰ উপাদান হিচাপে ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়।<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/garlic |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |title=Garlic |publication-date=2 February 2012 |volume=X |page=315 |first=Etrat |last=Elahi}}</ref> আন এটা ভিন্নতা হ'ল আখৰোট আৰু বনৌষধি কুকু (পাৰ্চী:গেৰ্দু কুকু ; আজাৰবাইজানী:ক'জলু কুকু ); বাদাম যোগ কৰিলে খাদ্যৰ সোৱাদ সলনি হয়।<ref>{{Citation |title=Learn how to make walnut kükü |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_YsRKh_uejc |access-date=2022-09-08 |language=en}}</ref> ===বন্ধাকবি কুকু === ফুলকবি কুকু (কুকু-য়ে গোল-ই-কালাম) বিদামীকৈ ভজা পিঁয়াজ আৰু ফুলকবিৰে তৈয়াৰ কৰা হয়।<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Batmanglij |first=Najmieh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9co8YgEACAAJ |title=Food of Life: Ancient Persian and Modern Iranian Cooking and Ceremonies |date=2011 |publisher=Mage Publishers |isbn=978-1-933823-47-8 |pages=144 |language=en}}</ref> এই খাদ্যৰ এটা সংস্কৰণ নাজমেহ বাটমাংগলিজৰ প্ৰথম ইংৰাজী ভাষাৰ পাৰ্চী ৰন্ধন গ্ৰন্থ *ফুড অৱ লাইফ* (১৯৮৬)ত অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত কৰা হৈছিল।<ref name=":0" /> ===আলু কুকু=== আলুৰ কুকু বা পাৰ্চী ভাষাত 'কুকু চিবজামিনি'<ref>{{cite book |title=The Saffron Tales: Recipes from the Persian Kitchen |last=Khan |first=Yasmin |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |year=2016 |isbn=978-1408868744 |pages=76}}</ref><ref name="Qajar"/> <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2021-11-10 |title=Kuku Sibzamini With Lemon Yogurt |url=https://www.bonappetit.com/recipe/kuku-sibzamini-with-lemon-yogurt |access-date=2023-12-06 |website=Bon Appétit |publisher=Condé Nast |language=en-US}}</ref> কণী, আলু, কেশৰ আৰু হালধি আদি মচলা আৰু অন্যান্য উপাদানৰে তৈয়াৰ কৰা হয়।আলুৰ কুকু ক স্পেনিছ অমলেট (এবিধ আলুৰ টৰ্টিলা) আৰু লেটকেৰ সৈতে তুলনা কৰা হয়। ===বেঙেনা কুকু=== বেঙেনা কুকু,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2010/jan/02/aubergine-kuku-recipe-vegetarian-cooking |work=The Guardian |title=Yotam Ottolenghi's aubergine kuku recipe |first=Yotam |last=Ottolenghi |publication-date=1 January 2010}}</ref> পাৰ্চী ভাষাত কুকু-য়ে বাডেঞ্জান নামেৰে জনাজাত বেঙেনা আৰু কণী পিটিকা আৰু অন্যান্য উপাদান যেনে পাৰ্চলি, আখৰোট, পিঁয়াজ,টেঙা ৰঙা বাৰবেৰী ফলৰ সৈতে তৈয়াৰ কৰা হয়।<ref> {{cite book |last1=Ghanoonparvar |first1=M.R. |authorlink1=M.R. Ghanoonparvar |title=Persian Cuisine I: Traditional Foods |url=https://lccn.loc.gov/82061281 |date=1982 |publisher=Mazda Publishers |location=Lexington, Kentucky|lccn=82061281 }}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/badenjan-egeplant-aubergine |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |title=Bādenjān |publication-date=19 August 2011 |volume=III |pages=366–368 |first1=F. |last1=Aubaile-Sallenave |first2=ʿE. |last2=Elāhī}}</ref> ===ৰৌ কুকু=== ৰৌ কুকু, যাক গিলাকী ভাষাত এছবাল কুকি বা এছবাল কুকি বুলি জনা যায়,<ref name= "Gilan"/> গিলান কুকু হৈছে এটা স্থানীয় প্ৰজাতিৰ মাছ (কেভিয়াৰ)ৰ কণী থাকে।<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/caviar |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |title=Caviar |publication-date=15 December 1990 |volume=V |pages=99–101 |first=Hūšang |last=Aʿlam}}</ref> ==তথ্যৰ উৎস== {{reflist}} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== * {{cite web |url=http://familyspice.com/recipes/recipe/?recipe_id=140 |title=Persian Herb Quiche &#124; Kookoo Sabzi (Kuku Sabzi) |work=Family Spice |last=Bashar |first=Laura |access-date=2014-10-14 |archive-date=2014-10-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141019000100/http://familyspice.com/recipes/recipe/?recipe_id=140 |url-status=dead }} * {{cite web |url=http://www.iranchamber.com/recipes/vegetarian/kookoo_sabzi.php |title=Kookoo-e Sabzi |work=Iran Chamber Society}} * {{cite web |url=https://www.splendidtable.org/recipes/cauliflower-kuku |title=Cauliflower Kuku |first=Najmieh |last=Batmanglij |work=Splendid Table}} *Baratzadeh, Emily. "[https://kitchenstarts.com/kuku-sabzi-no-diary-frittata-recipe/ Kuku Sabzi - No Dairy Frittata with Fresh Herbs]" Kitchen Starts. [[শ্ৰেণী:খাদ্য]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ইৰান]] anfx7ijk6vude32jr8qb40buj18d01h 605850 605847 2026-05-11T13:39:24Z নৰুনা বৰুৱা 44897 /* ভিন্নতা */ 605850 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Egg-based Iranian dish}} {{Infobox food | name = কুকু | image = Kuku Sabzi (Iranian food).jpg | caption = ''Kuku sabzi'' (herb kuku) topped with [[berberis|barberries]] and [[walnut]]s | country = [[ইৰান]] | national_cuisine = ইৰাণী খাদ্য | type = অমলেট | course = [[Side dish]], [[main course]], or midday course | main_ingredient = কণী | variations = বনৌষধি কুকু, আলু কুকু, বেঙেনা কুকু | similar_dish = [[Frittata]], [[Quiche]], [[Eggah]] }} '''কুকু বা কুক''' (পাৰ্চী ভাষাত: کوکو ) কণীৰ লগত বিভিন্ন উপাদান মিহলাই তৈয়াৰ কৰা [[ইৰান]]ৰ ব্যঞ্জন। ই ইটালীয় ফ্ৰিটাটা, ফৰাচী কুইচ বা মুকলি মুখৰ অমলেটৰ দৰেই, কিন্তু ইয়াত সাধাৰণতে ফ্ৰিটাটাতকৈ কম কণী থাকে আৰু কম জুইত কম সময়ৰ বাবে সিজোৱা হয়, তাৰ পিছত ওপৰৰ স্তৰটো লুটিয়াই লৈ সজাই পৰিবেশণ কৰা হয় <ref name="Brown_1984">{{cite book |title=Vegetarian Cookbook |first=Sarah |last=Brown |publisher=HarperCollins |year=1984 |isbn=0-7225-2694-6|page=127}}</ref> বা কম সময়ৰ বাবে গ্ৰীল কৰা হয়।<ref name="Riley_2007">{{cite book |title=The Oxford Companion to Italian Food |first=Gillian |last=Riley |date=1 November 2007 |publisher=Oxford University Press |page=168 |chapter=Eggs}}</ref> ইয়াক গৰম বা ঠাণ্ডা ষ্টাৰ্টাৰ, চাইড ডিচ বা মেইন কোৰ্চ হিচাপে পৰিবেশন কৰা হয় আৰু ব্ৰেড আৰু দৈ বা চালাডৰ সৈতে পৰিবেশন কৰা হয়। <ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=19C3DnJyWE0C |title=A Taste of Persia: An Introduction to Persian Cooking |first=Najmieh |last=Batmanglij |date=24 October 2007 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |page=49}}</ref> == ইতিহাস == ''ব্ৰেকফাষ্ট: এ হিষ্ট্ৰী'' গ্ৰন্থত উল্লেশ থকা মতে অমলেটৰ আদিম ৰূপ উৎপত্তি প্ৰাচীন পাৰস্যত হৈছিল। আৰু এয়া কুকু সৈতে বহুত মিল আছিল।<ref name="Anderson2013">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5LghYCqDJw8C&q=earliest+omelette+persia&pg=PA65|title=Breakfast: A History|last=Anderson|first=Heather Arndt|date=July 11, 2013|publisher=AltaMira Press|isbn=9780759121652|language=en|page=65|access-date=November 18, 2020|archive-date=July 1, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210701192251/https://books.google.com/books?id=5LghYCqDJw8C&q=earliest+omelette+persia&pg=PA65|url-status=live}}</ref> পাৰস্য (ইৰাণ)ৰ ছাফাৱী আৰু কাজাৰ যুগৰ ৰন্ধন পুথিত কুকু বিষয়ে উল্লেখ আছে। <ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/coriander-coriandrum-sativum-l |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |title=Coriander |publication-date=31 October 2011 |volume=VI |page=273 |first=Hūšang |last=Aʿlam}}</ref> কাজাৰ যুগৰ নথি-পত্ৰত ইয়াক অতিৰিক্ত ব্যঞ্জন হিচাপে বৰ্ণনা কৰা হৈছে।<ref name="Qajar">{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/qajar-14-cuisine |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |title=Qajar dynasty xiv. Qajar Cuisine |year=2015 |access-date=19 March 2015 |edition=online |first=Shireen |last=Mahdavi}}</ref> বনৌষধি কুকু (কুকু ছাবজি) হৈছে আটাইতকৈ জনপ্ৰিয় প্ৰকাৰ <ref name="Gilan" /> পৰম্পৰাগতভাৱে [[নৌৰুজ]] বা ইৰাণৰ নৱবৰ্ষত পৰিৱেশন কৰা হয়।<ref name="Qajar" /><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/berenj-rice |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |title=Berenj "rice" |publication-date=15 December 1989 |volume=IV |pages=147–163 |first1=Marcel |last1=Bazin |first2=Christian |last2=Bromberger |first3=Daniel |last3=Balland |first4=Ṣoḡrā |last4=Bāzargān}}</ref> ই নতুন আৰম্ভণিৰ প্ৰতীক <ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-10-23|title=Kuku Sabzi - No Dairy Frittata with Fresh Herbs|url=https://kitchenstarts.com/kuku-sabzi-no-diary-frittata-recipe/|access-date=2021-03-30|website=Kitchen Starts|language=en-US}}</ref> আৰু ইষ্টাৰৰদিনাও ইয়াক পৰিৱেশন কৰা হয়,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.latimes.com/food/la-fo-kuku-recipes-20170307-story.html |title=Say 'kuku' three times fast, then make the terrific Persian herb and egg dish for Easter brunch|first=Amy|last=Scattergood |work=Los Angeles Times |publication-date=13 April 2017}}</ref> যিটো ইৰাণী আৰ্মেনিয়ান আৰু ইৰাণী জৰ্জিয়ানসকলে উদ্‌যাপন কৰে। ==ৰন্ধণ পদ্ধতি== [[File:Քուքու եփելիս.JPG|thumb|Cooking ''kuku sabzi'' (herb kuku) in a pan]] কুকু বনোৱাৰ পৰম্পৰাগত পদ্ধতি হ'ল কম জুইত তেলত ভাজি লোৱা আৰু তাৰ পিছত বন্ধ ৰন্ধন পাত্ৰত ভাপত দিয়া।<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/cooking |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |title=Cooking |access-date=28 October 2011 |pages=246–252 |volume=VI |first=Nancy Hatch |last=Dupree}}</ref> বেকিংও এটা জনপ্ৰিয় প্ৰস্তুতি পদ্ধতি। ইয়াক অতিৰিক্ত ডাঠ কৰিবলৈ চেনি যোগ কৰা হয়।<ref name="Gilan">{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/gilan-xxi-cooking |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |title=Gilān xxi. Cooking |access-date=29 June 2019 |edition=online |first=Christian |last=Bromberger}}</ref> চূড়ান্ত ৰূপটো হৈছে কেকৰ দৰে অমলেট যিটো সাধাৰণতে ৰুটিৰ সৈতে পৰিবেশন কৰা হয়, কিন্তু ভাতৰ সৈতেও পৰিবেশন কৰিব পাৰি – বিশেষকৈ উত্তৰ ইৰাণৰ গিলান প্ৰদেশত, য'ত পৰম্পৰাগতভাৱে ৰুটিতকৈ ভাত পছন্দ কৰা হয়।<ref name="Gilan"/> ==ভিন্নতা== বনৌষধি কুকু (কুকু ছাবজি), আলু কুকু (কুকু ছিবজামিনি), বেঙেনা কুকু (কুকু-ই বাডেঞ্জন, ভাৰেক), ৰাই কুকু (আছবল কুকু), আৰু কণীৰ কুহুমৰ কুকু (কুকু-ই মাষ্ট) আদি। <ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/recipes/yogurt-kuku/8807/ |title=Yogurt Kuku |first=Julia |last=Ewan |publication-date=24 January 2007 |newspaper=The Washington Post}}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/carrot-the-taproot-of-daucus-l |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |title=Carrot |publication-date=15 December 1990 |volume=V |pages=13–17 |first=Hūšang |last=Aʿlam}}</ref> ===বনৌষধি কুকু=== বনৌষধি কুকু (পাৰ্চী ভাষাত কুকু, আক্ষৰিক অৰ্থত 'কোকিল শাক'; আজাৰবাইজানী ভাষাত আক্ষৰিক অৰ্থত 'সেউজীয়া কুকু')<ref>{{Cite web |last=Buyuran |first=Feride |date=2011-07-09 |title=Fresh Herb Kuku (Kükü) {{!}} AZ Cookbok |url=https://azcookbook.com/2011/07/09/fresh-herb-kuku/ |access-date=2022-09-08 |website=AZ Cookbook |language=en-US}}</ref> হৈছে আটাইতকৈ সাধাৰণ ধৰণৰ কুকু।<ref name="Gilan"/> ইয়াক কণী আৰু বনৌষধি যেনে লিক আৰু পাৰ্চলিৰে তৈয়াৰ কৰা হয়। উত্তৰ ইৰাণত অতি জনপ্ৰিয় নহৰুকো ইয়াৰ উপাদান হিচাপে ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়।<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/garlic |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |title=Garlic |publication-date=2 February 2012 |volume=X |page=315 |first=Etrat |last=Elahi}}</ref> আন এটা ভিন্নতা হ'ল আখৰোট আৰু বনৌষধি কুকু (পাৰ্চী:গেৰ্দু কুকু ; আজাৰবাইজানী:ক'জলু কুকু ); বাদাম যোগ কৰিলে খাদ্যৰ সোৱাদ সলনি হয়।<ref>{{Citation |title=Learn how to make walnut kükü |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_YsRKh_uejc |access-date=2022-09-08 |language=en}}</ref> ===বন্ধাকবি কুকু === ফুলকবি কুকু (কুকু-য়ে গোল-ই-কালাম) বিদামীকৈ ভজা পিঁয়াজ আৰু ফুলকবিৰে তৈয়াৰ কৰা হয়।<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Batmanglij |first=Najmieh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9co8YgEACAAJ |title=Food of Life: Ancient Persian and Modern Iranian Cooking and Ceremonies |date=2011 |publisher=Mage Publishers |isbn=978-1-933823-47-8 |pages=144 |language=en}}</ref> এই খাদ্যৰ এটা সংস্কৰণ নাজমেহ বাটমাংগলিজৰ প্ৰথম ইংৰাজী ভাষাৰ পাৰ্চী ৰন্ধন গ্ৰন্থ *ফুড অৱ লাইফ* (১৯৮৬)ত অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত কৰা হৈছিল।<ref name=":0" /> ===আলু কুকু=== আলুৰ কুকু বা পাৰ্চী ভাষাত 'কুকু চিবজামিনি'<ref>{{cite book |title=The Saffron Tales: Recipes from the Persian Kitchen |last=Khan |first=Yasmin |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |year=2016 |isbn=978-1408868744 |pages=76}}</ref><ref name="Qajar"/> <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2021-11-10 |title=Kuku Sibzamini With Lemon Yogurt |url=https://www.bonappetit.com/recipe/kuku-sibzamini-with-lemon-yogurt |access-date=2023-12-06 |website=Bon Appétit |publisher=Condé Nast |language=en-US}}</ref> কণী, আলু, কেশৰ আৰু হালধি আদি মচলা আৰু অন্যান্য উপাদানৰে তৈয়াৰ কৰা হয়।আলুৰ কুকু ক স্পেনিছ অমলেট (এবিধ আলুৰ টৰ্টিলা) আৰু লেটকেৰ সৈতে তুলনা কৰা হয়। ===বেঙেনা কুকু=== বেঙেনা কুকু,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2010/jan/02/aubergine-kuku-recipe-vegetarian-cooking |work=The Guardian |title=Yotam Ottolenghi's aubergine kuku recipe |first=Yotam |last=Ottolenghi |publication-date=1 January 2010}}</ref> পাৰ্চী ভাষাত কুকু-য়ে বাডেঞ্জান নামেৰে জনাজাত বেঙেনা আৰু কণী পিটিকা আৰু অন্যান্য উপাদান যেনে পাৰ্চলি, আখৰোট, পিঁয়াজ,টেঙা ৰঙা বাৰবেৰী ফলৰ সৈতে তৈয়াৰ কৰা হয়।<ref> {{cite book |last1=Ghanoonparvar |first1=M.R. |authorlink1=M.R. Ghanoonparvar |title=Persian Cuisine I: Traditional Foods |url=https://lccn.loc.gov/82061281 |date=1982 |publisher=Mazda Publishers |location=Lexington, Kentucky|lccn=82061281 }}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/badenjan-egeplant-aubergine |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |title=Bādenjān |publication-date=19 August 2011 |volume=III |pages=366–368 |first1=F. |last1=Aubaile-Sallenave |first2=ʿE. |last2=Elāhī}}</ref> ===ৰৌ কুকু=== ৰৌ কুকু, যাক গিলাকী ভাষাত এছবাল কুকি বা এছবাল কুকি বুলি জনা যায়,<ref name= "Gilan"/> গিলান কুকু হৈছে এটা স্থানীয় প্ৰজাতিৰ মাছ (কেভিয়াৰ)ৰ কণী থাকে।<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/caviar |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |title=Caviar |publication-date=15 December 1990 |volume=V |pages=99–101 |first=Hūšang |last=Aʿlam}}</ref> ==তথ্যৰ উৎস== {{reflist}} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== * {{cite web |url=http://familyspice.com/recipes/recipe/?recipe_id=140 |title=Persian Herb Quiche &#124; Kookoo Sabzi (Kuku Sabzi) |work=Family Spice |last=Bashar |first=Laura |access-date=2014-10-14 |archive-date=2014-10-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141019000100/http://familyspice.com/recipes/recipe/?recipe_id=140 |url-status=dead }} * {{cite web |url=http://www.iranchamber.com/recipes/vegetarian/kookoo_sabzi.php |title=Kookoo-e Sabzi |work=Iran Chamber Society}} * {{cite web |url=https://www.splendidtable.org/recipes/cauliflower-kuku |title=Cauliflower Kuku |first=Najmieh |last=Batmanglij |work=Splendid Table}} *Baratzadeh, Emily. "[https://kitchenstarts.com/kuku-sabzi-no-diary-frittata-recipe/ Kuku Sabzi - No Dairy Frittata with Fresh Herbs]" Kitchen Starts. [[শ্ৰেণী:খাদ্য]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ইৰান]] ryjvgzw6koausbeh4jw0p8jockjggij 605852 605850 2026-05-11T13:40:48Z নৰুনা বৰুৱা 44897 /* ৰন্ধণ পদ্ধতি */ 605852 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Egg-based Iranian dish}} {{Infobox food | name = কুকু | image = Kuku Sabzi (Iranian food).jpg | caption = ''Kuku sabzi'' (herb kuku) topped with [[berberis|barberries]] and [[walnut]]s | country = [[ইৰান]] | national_cuisine = ইৰাণী খাদ্য | type = অমলেট | course = [[Side dish]], [[main course]], or midday course | main_ingredient = কণী | variations = বনৌষধি কুকু, আলু কুকু, বেঙেনা কুকু | similar_dish = [[Frittata]], [[Quiche]], [[Eggah]] }} '''কুকু বা কুক''' (পাৰ্চী ভাষাত: کوکو ) কণীৰ লগত বিভিন্ন উপাদান মিহলাই তৈয়াৰ কৰা [[ইৰান]]ৰ ব্যঞ্জন। ই ইটালীয় ফ্ৰিটাটা, ফৰাচী কুইচ বা মুকলি মুখৰ অমলেটৰ দৰেই, কিন্তু ইয়াত সাধাৰণতে ফ্ৰিটাটাতকৈ কম কণী থাকে আৰু কম জুইত কম সময়ৰ বাবে সিজোৱা হয়, তাৰ পিছত ওপৰৰ স্তৰটো লুটিয়াই লৈ সজাই পৰিবেশণ কৰা হয় <ref name="Brown_1984">{{cite book |title=Vegetarian Cookbook |first=Sarah |last=Brown |publisher=HarperCollins |year=1984 |isbn=0-7225-2694-6|page=127}}</ref> বা কম সময়ৰ বাবে গ্ৰীল কৰা হয়।<ref name="Riley_2007">{{cite book |title=The Oxford Companion to Italian Food |first=Gillian |last=Riley |date=1 November 2007 |publisher=Oxford University Press |page=168 |chapter=Eggs}}</ref> ইয়াক গৰম বা ঠাণ্ডা ষ্টাৰ্টাৰ, চাইড ডিচ বা মেইন কোৰ্চ হিচাপে পৰিবেশন কৰা হয় আৰু ব্ৰেড আৰু দৈ বা চালাডৰ সৈতে পৰিবেশন কৰা হয়। <ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=19C3DnJyWE0C |title=A Taste of Persia: An Introduction to Persian Cooking |first=Najmieh |last=Batmanglij |date=24 October 2007 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |page=49}}</ref> == ইতিহাস == ''ব্ৰেকফাষ্ট: এ হিষ্ট্ৰী'' গ্ৰন্থত উল্লেশ থকা মতে অমলেটৰ আদিম ৰূপ উৎপত্তি প্ৰাচীন পাৰস্যত হৈছিল। আৰু এয়া কুকু সৈতে বহুত মিল আছিল।<ref name="Anderson2013">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5LghYCqDJw8C&q=earliest+omelette+persia&pg=PA65|title=Breakfast: A History|last=Anderson|first=Heather Arndt|date=July 11, 2013|publisher=AltaMira Press|isbn=9780759121652|language=en|page=65|access-date=November 18, 2020|archive-date=July 1, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210701192251/https://books.google.com/books?id=5LghYCqDJw8C&q=earliest+omelette+persia&pg=PA65|url-status=live}}</ref> পাৰস্য (ইৰাণ)ৰ ছাফাৱী আৰু কাজাৰ যুগৰ ৰন্ধন পুথিত কুকু বিষয়ে উল্লেখ আছে। <ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/coriander-coriandrum-sativum-l |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |title=Coriander |publication-date=31 October 2011 |volume=VI |page=273 |first=Hūšang |last=Aʿlam}}</ref> কাজাৰ যুগৰ নথি-পত্ৰত ইয়াক অতিৰিক্ত ব্যঞ্জন হিচাপে বৰ্ণনা কৰা হৈছে।<ref name="Qajar">{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/qajar-14-cuisine |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |title=Qajar dynasty xiv. Qajar Cuisine |year=2015 |access-date=19 March 2015 |edition=online |first=Shireen |last=Mahdavi}}</ref> বনৌষধি কুকু (কুকু ছাবজি) হৈছে আটাইতকৈ জনপ্ৰিয় প্ৰকাৰ <ref name="Gilan" /> পৰম্পৰাগতভাৱে [[নৌৰুজ]] বা ইৰাণৰ নৱবৰ্ষত পৰিৱেশন কৰা হয়।<ref name="Qajar" /><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/berenj-rice |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |title=Berenj "rice" |publication-date=15 December 1989 |volume=IV |pages=147–163 |first1=Marcel |last1=Bazin |first2=Christian |last2=Bromberger |first3=Daniel |last3=Balland |first4=Ṣoḡrā |last4=Bāzargān}}</ref> ই নতুন আৰম্ভণিৰ প্ৰতীক <ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-10-23|title=Kuku Sabzi - No Dairy Frittata with Fresh Herbs|url=https://kitchenstarts.com/kuku-sabzi-no-diary-frittata-recipe/|access-date=2021-03-30|website=Kitchen Starts|language=en-US}}</ref> আৰু ইষ্টাৰৰদিনাও ইয়াক পৰিৱেশন কৰা হয়,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.latimes.com/food/la-fo-kuku-recipes-20170307-story.html |title=Say 'kuku' three times fast, then make the terrific Persian herb and egg dish for Easter brunch|first=Amy|last=Scattergood |work=Los Angeles Times |publication-date=13 April 2017}}</ref> যিটো ইৰাণী আৰ্মেনিয়ান আৰু ইৰাণী জৰ্জিয়ানসকলে উদ্‌যাপন কৰে। ==ৰন্ধণ পদ্ধতি== [[File:Քուքու եփելիս.JPG|thumb|কেৰাহীত কুকু ছবজি বা বনৌষধি কুকু ৰন্ধা দেখা গৈছে। ]] কুকু বনোৱাৰ পৰম্পৰাগত পদ্ধতি হ'ল কম জুইত তেলত ভাজি লোৱা আৰু তাৰ পিছত বন্ধ ৰন্ধন পাত্ৰত ভাপত দিয়া।<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/cooking |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |title=Cooking |access-date=28 October 2011 |pages=246–252 |volume=VI |first=Nancy Hatch |last=Dupree}}</ref> বেকিংও এটা জনপ্ৰিয় প্ৰস্তুতি পদ্ধতি। ইয়াক অতিৰিক্ত ডাঠ কৰিবলৈ চেনি যোগ কৰা হয়।<ref name="Gilan">{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/gilan-xxi-cooking |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |title=Gilān xxi. Cooking |access-date=29 June 2019 |edition=online |first=Christian |last=Bromberger}}</ref> চূড়ান্ত ৰূপটো হৈছে কেকৰ দৰে অমলেট যিটো সাধাৰণতে ৰুটিৰ সৈতে পৰিবেশন কৰা হয়, কিন্তু ভাতৰ সৈতেও পৰিবেশন কৰিব পাৰি – বিশেষকৈ উত্তৰ ইৰাণৰ গিলান প্ৰদেশত, য'ত পৰম্পৰাগতভাৱে ৰুটিতকৈ ভাত পছন্দ কৰা হয়।<ref name="Gilan"/> ==ভিন্নতা== বনৌষধি কুকু (কুকু ছাবজি), আলু কুকু (কুকু ছিবজামিনি), বেঙেনা কুকু (কুকু-ই বাডেঞ্জন, ভাৰেক), ৰাই কুকু (আছবল কুকু), আৰু কণীৰ কুহুমৰ কুকু (কুকু-ই মাষ্ট) আদি। <ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/recipes/yogurt-kuku/8807/ |title=Yogurt Kuku |first=Julia |last=Ewan |publication-date=24 January 2007 |newspaper=The Washington Post}}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/carrot-the-taproot-of-daucus-l |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |title=Carrot |publication-date=15 December 1990 |volume=V |pages=13–17 |first=Hūšang |last=Aʿlam}}</ref> ===বনৌষধি কুকু=== বনৌষধি কুকু (পাৰ্চী ভাষাত কুকু, আক্ষৰিক অৰ্থত 'কোকিল শাক'; আজাৰবাইজানী ভাষাত আক্ষৰিক অৰ্থত 'সেউজীয়া কুকু')<ref>{{Cite web |last=Buyuran |first=Feride |date=2011-07-09 |title=Fresh Herb Kuku (Kükü) {{!}} AZ Cookbok |url=https://azcookbook.com/2011/07/09/fresh-herb-kuku/ |access-date=2022-09-08 |website=AZ Cookbook |language=en-US}}</ref> হৈছে আটাইতকৈ সাধাৰণ ধৰণৰ কুকু।<ref name="Gilan"/> ইয়াক কণী আৰু বনৌষধি যেনে লিক আৰু পাৰ্চলিৰে তৈয়াৰ কৰা হয়। উত্তৰ ইৰাণত অতি জনপ্ৰিয় নহৰুকো ইয়াৰ উপাদান হিচাপে ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়।<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/garlic |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |title=Garlic |publication-date=2 February 2012 |volume=X |page=315 |first=Etrat |last=Elahi}}</ref> আন এটা ভিন্নতা হ'ল আখৰোট আৰু বনৌষধি কুকু (পাৰ্চী:গেৰ্দু কুকু ; আজাৰবাইজানী:ক'জলু কুকু ); বাদাম যোগ কৰিলে খাদ্যৰ সোৱাদ সলনি হয়।<ref>{{Citation |title=Learn how to make walnut kükü |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_YsRKh_uejc |access-date=2022-09-08 |language=en}}</ref> ===বন্ধাকবি কুকু === ফুলকবি কুকু (কুকু-য়ে গোল-ই-কালাম) বিদামীকৈ ভজা পিঁয়াজ আৰু ফুলকবিৰে তৈয়াৰ কৰা হয়।<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Batmanglij |first=Najmieh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9co8YgEACAAJ |title=Food of Life: Ancient Persian and Modern Iranian Cooking and Ceremonies |date=2011 |publisher=Mage Publishers |isbn=978-1-933823-47-8 |pages=144 |language=en}}</ref> এই খাদ্যৰ এটা সংস্কৰণ নাজমেহ বাটমাংগলিজৰ প্ৰথম ইংৰাজী ভাষাৰ পাৰ্চী ৰন্ধন গ্ৰন্থ *ফুড অৱ লাইফ* (১৯৮৬)ত অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত কৰা হৈছিল।<ref name=":0" /> ===আলু কুকু=== আলুৰ কুকু বা পাৰ্চী ভাষাত 'কুকু চিবজামিনি'<ref>{{cite book |title=The Saffron Tales: Recipes from the Persian Kitchen |last=Khan |first=Yasmin |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |year=2016 |isbn=978-1408868744 |pages=76}}</ref><ref name="Qajar"/> <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2021-11-10 |title=Kuku Sibzamini With Lemon Yogurt |url=https://www.bonappetit.com/recipe/kuku-sibzamini-with-lemon-yogurt |access-date=2023-12-06 |website=Bon Appétit |publisher=Condé Nast |language=en-US}}</ref> কণী, আলু, কেশৰ আৰু হালধি আদি মচলা আৰু অন্যান্য উপাদানৰে তৈয়াৰ কৰা হয়।আলুৰ কুকু ক স্পেনিছ অমলেট (এবিধ আলুৰ টৰ্টিলা) আৰু লেটকেৰ সৈতে তুলনা কৰা হয়। ===বেঙেনা কুকু=== বেঙেনা কুকু,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2010/jan/02/aubergine-kuku-recipe-vegetarian-cooking |work=The Guardian |title=Yotam Ottolenghi's aubergine kuku recipe |first=Yotam |last=Ottolenghi |publication-date=1 January 2010}}</ref> পাৰ্চী ভাষাত কুকু-য়ে বাডেঞ্জান নামেৰে জনাজাত বেঙেনা আৰু কণী পিটিকা আৰু অন্যান্য উপাদান যেনে পাৰ্চলি, আখৰোট, পিঁয়াজ,টেঙা ৰঙা বাৰবেৰী ফলৰ সৈতে তৈয়াৰ কৰা হয়।<ref> {{cite book |last1=Ghanoonparvar |first1=M.R. |authorlink1=M.R. Ghanoonparvar |title=Persian Cuisine I: Traditional Foods |url=https://lccn.loc.gov/82061281 |date=1982 |publisher=Mazda Publishers |location=Lexington, Kentucky|lccn=82061281 }}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/badenjan-egeplant-aubergine |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |title=Bādenjān |publication-date=19 August 2011 |volume=III |pages=366–368 |first1=F. |last1=Aubaile-Sallenave |first2=ʿE. |last2=Elāhī}}</ref> ===ৰৌ কুকু=== ৰৌ কুকু, যাক গিলাকী ভাষাত এছবাল কুকি বা এছবাল কুকি বুলি জনা যায়,<ref name= "Gilan"/> গিলান কুকু হৈছে এটা স্থানীয় প্ৰজাতিৰ মাছ (কেভিয়াৰ)ৰ কণী থাকে।<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/caviar |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |title=Caviar |publication-date=15 December 1990 |volume=V |pages=99–101 |first=Hūšang |last=Aʿlam}}</ref> ==তথ্যৰ উৎস== {{reflist}} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== * {{cite web |url=http://familyspice.com/recipes/recipe/?recipe_id=140 |title=Persian Herb Quiche &#124; Kookoo Sabzi (Kuku Sabzi) |work=Family Spice |last=Bashar |first=Laura |access-date=2014-10-14 |archive-date=2014-10-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141019000100/http://familyspice.com/recipes/recipe/?recipe_id=140 |url-status=dead }} * {{cite web |url=http://www.iranchamber.com/recipes/vegetarian/kookoo_sabzi.php |title=Kookoo-e Sabzi |work=Iran Chamber Society}} * {{cite web |url=https://www.splendidtable.org/recipes/cauliflower-kuku |title=Cauliflower Kuku |first=Najmieh |last=Batmanglij |work=Splendid Table}} *Baratzadeh, Emily. "[https://kitchenstarts.com/kuku-sabzi-no-diary-frittata-recipe/ Kuku Sabzi - No Dairy Frittata with Fresh Herbs]" Kitchen Starts. [[শ্ৰেণী:খাদ্য]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ইৰান]] c3me4msd2o3rm5eqr39tpolqk92gwmd 605856 605852 2026-05-11T13:45:36Z নৰুনা বৰুৱা 44897 [[ৱিকিপিডিয়া:লাচিত বৰ্ণাশুদ্ধি নিবাৰক|লাচিত বৰ্ণাশুদ্ধি নিবাৰকৰ]] সহায়ত বৰ্ণাশুদ্ধি নিবাৰণ কৰা হ’ল। 605856 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Egg-based Iranian dish}} {{Infobox food | name = কুকু | image = Kuku Sabzi (Iranian food).jpg | caption = ''কুকু ছবজি'' বা বনৌষধি কুকু ওপৰত বাৰবেৰিজ ফল আৰু আখৰোটেৰে সজোৱা হৈছে। | country = [[ইৰান]] | national_cuisine = ইৰাণী খাদ্য | type = অমলেট | course = কতিৰিক্ত ব্যঞ্জন,মুখ্য আহাৰ, বা লঘু আহাৰ | main_ingredient = কণী | variations = বনৌষধি কুকু, আলু কুকু, বেঙেনা কুকু | similar_dish = ফ্ৰিটাটা, কুইচে, এগাহ। }} '''কুকু বা কুক''' (পাৰ্চী ভাষাত: کوکو ) কণীৰ লগত বিভিন্ন উপাদান মিহলাই তৈয়াৰ কৰা [[ইৰান]]ৰ ব্যঞ্জন। ই ইটালীয় ফ্ৰিটাটা, ফৰাচী কুইচ বা মুকলি মুখৰ অমলেটৰ দৰেই, কিন্তু ইয়াত সাধাৰণতে ফ্ৰিটাটাতকৈ কম কণী থাকে আৰু কম জুইত কম সময়ৰ বাবে সিজোৱা হয়, তাৰ পিছত ওপৰৰ স্তৰটো লুটিয়াই লৈ সজাই পৰিৱেশণ কৰা হয় <ref name="Brown_1984">{{cite book |title=Vegetarian Cookbook |first=Sarah |last=Brown |publisher=HarperCollins |year=1984 |isbn=0-7225-2694-6|page=127}}</ref> বা কম সময়ৰ বাবে গ্ৰীল কৰা হয়।<ref name="Riley_2007">{{cite book |title=The Oxford Companion to Italian Food |first=Gillian |last=Riley |date=1 November 2007 |publisher=Oxford University Press |page=168 |chapter=Eggs}}</ref> ইয়াক গৰম বা ঠাণ্ডা ষ্টাৰ্টাৰ, চাইড ডিচ বা মেইন কোৰ্চ হিচাপে পৰিৱেশন কৰা হয় আৰু ব্ৰেড আৰু দৈ বা চালাডৰ সৈতে পৰিৱেশন কৰা হয়। <ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=19C3DnJyWE0C |title=A Taste of Persia: An Introduction to Persian Cooking |first=Najmieh |last=Batmanglij |date=24 October 2007 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |page=49}}</ref> == ইতিহাস == ''ব্ৰেকফাষ্ট: এ হিষ্ট্ৰী'' গ্ৰন্থত উল্লেশ থকা মতে অমলেটৰ আদিম ৰূপ উৎপত্তি প্ৰাচীন পাৰস্যত হৈছিল। আৰু এয়া কুকু সৈতে বহুত মিল আছিল।<ref name="Anderson2013">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5LghYCqDJw8C&q=earliest+omelette+persia&pg=PA65|title=Breakfast: A History|last=Anderson|first=Heather Arndt|date=July 11, 2013|publisher=AltaMira Press|isbn=9780759121652|language=en|page=65|access-date=November 18, 2020|archive-date=July 1, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210701192251/https://books.google.com/books?id=5LghYCqDJw8C&q=earliest+omelette+persia&pg=PA65|url-status=live}}</ref> পাৰস্য (ইৰাণ)ৰ ছাফাৱী আৰু কাজাৰ যুগৰ ৰন্ধন পুথিত কুকু বিষয়ে উল্লেখ আছে। <ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/coriander-coriandrum-sativum-l |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |title=Coriander |publication-date=31 October 2011 |volume=VI |page=273 |first=Hūšang |last=Aʿlam}}</ref> কাজাৰ যুগৰ নথি-পত্ৰত ইয়াক অতিৰিক্ত ব্যঞ্জন হিচাপে বৰ্ণনা কৰা হৈছে।<ref name="Qajar">{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/qajar-14-cuisine |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |title=Qajar dynasty xiv. Qajar Cuisine |year=2015 |access-date=19 March 2015 |edition=online |first=Shireen |last=Mahdavi}}</ref> বনৌষধি কুকু (কুকু ছাবজি) হৈছে আটাইতকৈ জনপ্ৰিয় প্ৰকাৰ <ref name="Gilan" /> পৰম্পৰাগতভাৱে [[নৌৰুজ]] বা ইৰাণৰ নৱবৰ্ষত পৰিৱেশন কৰা হয়।<ref name="Qajar" /><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/berenj-rice |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |title=Berenj "rice" |publication-date=15 December 1989 |volume=IV |pages=147–163 |first1=Marcel |last1=Bazin |first2=Christian |last2=Bromberger |first3=Daniel |last3=Balland |first4=Ṣoḡrā |last4=Bāzargān}}</ref> ই নতুন আৰম্ভণিৰ প্ৰতীক <ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-10-23|title=Kuku Sabzi - No Dairy Frittata with Fresh Herbs|url=https://kitchenstarts.com/kuku-sabzi-no-diary-frittata-recipe/|access-date=2021-03-30|website=Kitchen Starts|language=en-US}}</ref> আৰু ইষ্টাৰৰদিনাও ইয়াক পৰিৱেশন কৰা হয়,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.latimes.com/food/la-fo-kuku-recipes-20170307-story.html |title=Say 'kuku' three times fast, then make the terrific Persian herb and egg dish for Easter brunch|first=Amy|last=Scattergood |work=Los Angeles Times |publication-date=13 April 2017}}</ref> যিটো ইৰাণী আৰ্মেনিয়ান আৰু ইৰাণী জৰ্জিয়ানসকলে উদ্‌যাপন কৰে। ==ৰন্ধণ পদ্ধতি== [[File:Քուքու եփելիս.JPG|thumb|কেৰাহীত কুকু ছবজি বা বনৌষধি কুকু ৰন্ধা দেখা গৈছে। ]] কুকু বনোৱাৰ পৰম্পৰাগত পদ্ধতি হ'ল কম জুইত তেলত ভাজি লোৱা আৰু তাৰ পিছত বন্ধ ৰন্ধন পাত্ৰত ভাপত দিয়া।<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/cooking |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |title=Cooking |access-date=28 October 2011 |pages=246–252 |volume=VI |first=Nancy Hatch |last=Dupree}}</ref> বেকিংও এটা জনপ্ৰিয় প্ৰস্তুতি পদ্ধতি। ইয়াক অতিৰিক্ত ডাঠ কৰিবলৈ চেনি যোগ কৰা হয়।<ref name="Gilan">{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/gilan-xxi-cooking |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |title=Gilān xxi. Cooking |access-date=29 June 2019 |edition=online |first=Christian |last=Bromberger}}</ref> চূড়ান্ত ৰূপটো হৈছে কেকৰ দৰে অমলেট যিটো সাধাৰণতে ৰুটিৰ সৈতে পৰিৱেশন কৰা হয়, কিন্তু ভাতৰ সৈতেও পৰিৱেশন কৰিব পাৰি – বিশেষকৈ উত্তৰ ইৰাণৰ গিলান প্ৰদেশত, য'ত পৰম্পৰাগতভাৱে ৰুটিতকৈ ভাত পছন্দ কৰা হয়।<ref name="Gilan"/> ==ভিন্নতা== বনৌষধি কুকু (কুকু ছাবজি), আলু কুকু (কুকু ছিবজামিনি), বেঙেনা কুকু (কুকু-ই বাডেঞ্জন, ভাৰেক), ৰাই কুকু (আছবল কুকু), আৰু কণীৰ কুহুমৰ কুকু (কুকু-ই মাষ্ট) আদি। <ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/recipes/yogurt-kuku/8807/ |title=Yogurt Kuku |first=Julia |last=Ewan |publication-date=24 January 2007 |newspaper=The Washington Post}}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/carrot-the-taproot-of-daucus-l |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |title=Carrot |publication-date=15 December 1990 |volume=V |pages=13–17 |first=Hūšang |last=Aʿlam}}</ref> ===বনৌষধি কুকু=== বনৌষধি কুকু (পাৰ্চী ভাষাত কুকু, আক্ষৰিক অৰ্থত 'কোকিল শাক'; আজাৰবাইজানী ভাষাত আক্ষৰিক অৰ্থত 'সেউজীয়া কুকু')<ref>{{Cite web |last=Buyuran |first=Feride |date=2011-07-09 |title=Fresh Herb Kuku (Kükü) {{!}} AZ Cookbok |url=https://azcookbook.com/2011/07/09/fresh-herb-kuku/ |access-date=2022-09-08 |website=AZ Cookbook |language=en-US}}</ref> হৈছে আটাইতকৈ সাধাৰণ ধৰণৰ কুকু।<ref name="Gilan"/> ইয়াক কণী আৰু বনৌষধি যেনে লিক আৰু পাৰ্চলিৰে তৈয়াৰ কৰা হয়। উত্তৰ ইৰাণত অতি জনপ্ৰিয় নহৰুকো ইয়াৰ উপাদান হিচাপে ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়।<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/garlic |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |title=Garlic |publication-date=2 February 2012 |volume=X |page=315 |first=Etrat |last=Elahi}}</ref> আন এটা ভিন্নতা হ'ল আখৰোট আৰু বনৌষধি কুকু (পাৰ্চী:গেৰ্দু কুকু; আজাৰবাইজানী:ক'জলু কুকু ); বাদাম যোগ কৰিলে খাদ্যৰ সোৱাদ সলনি হয়।<ref>{{Citation |title=Learn how to make walnut kükü |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_YsRKh_uejc |access-date=2022-09-08 |language=en}}</ref> ===বন্ধাকবি কুকু === ফুলকবি কুকু (কুকু-য়ে গোল-ই-কালাম) বিদামীকৈ ভজা পিঁয়াজ আৰু ফুলকবিৰে তৈয়াৰ কৰা হয়।<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Batmanglij |first=Najmieh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9co8YgEACAAJ |title=Food of Life: Ancient Persian and Modern Iranian Cooking and Ceremonies |date=2011 |publisher=Mage Publishers |isbn=978-1-933823-47-8 |pages=144 |language=en}}</ref> এই খাদ্যৰ এটা সংস্কৰণ নাজমেহ বাটমাংগলিজৰ প্ৰথম ইংৰাজী ভাষাৰ পাৰ্চী ৰন্ধন গ্ৰন্থ *ফুড অৱ লাইফ* (১৯৮৬)ত অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত কৰা হৈছিল।<ref name=":0" /> ===আলু কুকু=== আলুৰ কুকু বা পাৰ্চী ভাষাত 'কুকু চিবজামিনি'<ref>{{cite book |title=The Saffron Tales: Recipes from the Persian Kitchen |last=Khan |first=Yasmin |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |year=2016 |isbn=978-1408868744 |pages=76}}</ref><ref name="Qajar"/> <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2021-11-10 |title=Kuku Sibzamini With Lemon Yogurt |url=https://www.bonappetit.com/recipe/kuku-sibzamini-with-lemon-yogurt |access-date=2023-12-06 |website=Bon Appétit |publisher=Condé Nast |language=en-US}}</ref> কণী, আলু, কেশৰ আৰু হালধি আদি মচলা আৰু অন্যান্য উপাদানৰে তৈয়াৰ কৰা হয়। আলুৰ কুকু ক স্পেনিছ অমলেট (এবিধ আলুৰ টৰ্টিলা) আৰু লেটকেৰ সৈতে তুলনা কৰা হয়। ===বেঙেনা কুকু=== বেঙেনা কুকু,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2010/jan/02/aubergine-kuku-recipe-vegetarian-cooking |work=The Guardian |title=Yotam Ottolenghi's aubergine kuku recipe |first=Yotam |last=Ottolenghi |publication-date=1 January 2010}}</ref> পাৰ্চী ভাষাত কুকু-য়ে বাডেঞ্জান নামেৰে জনাজাত বেঙেনা আৰু কণী পিটিকা আৰু অন্যান্য উপাদান যেনে পাৰ্চলি, আখৰোট, পিঁয়াজ,টেঙা ৰঙা বাৰবেৰী ফলৰ সৈতে তৈয়াৰ কৰা হয়।<ref> {{cite book |last1=Ghanoonparvar |first1=M.R. |authorlink1=M.R. Ghanoonparvar |title=Persian Cuisine I: Traditional Foods |url=https://lccn.loc.gov/82061281 |date=1982 |publisher=Mazda Publishers |location=Lexington, Kentucky|lccn=82061281 }}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/badenjan-egeplant-aubergine |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |title=Bādenjān |publication-date=19 August 2011 |volume=III |pages=366–368 |first1=F. |last1=Aubaile-Sallenave |first2=ʿE. |last2=Elāhī}}</ref> ===ৰৌ কুকু=== ৰৌ কুকু, যাক গিলাকী ভাষাত এছবাল কুকি বা এছবাল কুকি বুলি জনা যায়,<ref name= "Gilan"/> গিলান কুকু হৈছে এটা স্থানীয় প্ৰজাতিৰ মাছ (কেভিয়াৰ)ৰ কণী থাকে।<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/caviar |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |title=Caviar |publication-date=15 December 1990 |volume=V |pages=99–101 |first=Hūšang |last=Aʿlam}}</ref> ==তথ্যৰ উৎস== {{reflist}} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== * {{cite web |url=http://familyspice.com/recipes/recipe/?recipe_id=140 |title=Persian Herb Quiche &#124; Kookoo Sabzi (Kuku Sabzi) |work=Family Spice |last=Bashar |first=Laura |access-date=2014-10-14 |archive-date=2014-10-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141019000100/http://familyspice.com/recipes/recipe/?recipe_id=140 |url-status=dead }} * {{cite web |url=http://www.iranchamber.com/recipes/vegetarian/kookoo_sabzi.php |title=Kookoo-e Sabzi |work=Iran Chamber Society}} * {{cite web |url=https://www.splendidtable.org/recipes/cauliflower-kuku |title=Cauliflower Kuku |first=Najmieh |last=Batmanglij |work=Splendid Table}} *Baratzadeh, Emily. "[https://kitchenstarts.com/kuku-sabzi-no-diary-frittata-recipe/ Kuku Sabzi - No Dairy Frittata with Fresh Herbs]" Kitchen Starts. [[শ্ৰেণী:খাদ্য]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ইৰান]] 9jk6y0bl9a1z9se602vmky1caknrci9 605857 605856 2026-05-11T13:46:49Z নৰুনা বৰুৱা 44897 605857 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Egg-based Iranian dish}} {{Infobox food | name = কুকু | image = Kuku Sabzi (Iranian food).jpg | caption = ''কুকু ছবজি'' বা বনৌষধি কুকু ওপৰত বাৰবেৰিজ ফল আৰু আখৰোটেৰে সজোৱা হৈছে। | country = [[ইৰান]] | national_cuisine = ইৰাণী খাদ্য | type = অমলেট | course = কতিৰিক্ত ব্যঞ্জন,মুখ্য আহাৰ, বা লঘু আহাৰ | main_ingredient = কণী | variations = বনৌষধি কুকু, আলু কুকু, বেঙেনা কুকু | similar_dish = ফ্ৰিটাটা, কুইচে, এগাহ। }} '''কুকু বা কুক''' (পাৰ্চী ভাষাত: کوکو ) কণীৰ লগত বিভিন্ন উপাদান মিহলাই তৈয়াৰ কৰা [[ইৰান]]ৰ ব্যঞ্জন। এই ব্যঞ্জণ [[ইটালী]]ৰ ফ্ৰিটাটা, [[ফৰাচী]] কুইচ বা মুকলি মুখৰ অমলেটৰ দৰেই, কিন্তু ইয়াত সাধাৰণতে ফ্ৰিটাটাতকৈ কম কণী থাকে আৰু কম জুইত কম সময়ৰ বাবে সিজোৱা হয়, তাৰ পিছত ওপৰৰ স্তৰটো লুটিয়াই লৈ সজাই পৰিৱেশণ কৰা হয় <ref name="Brown_1984">{{cite book |title=Vegetarian Cookbook |first=Sarah |last=Brown |publisher=HarperCollins |year=1984 |isbn=0-7225-2694-6|page=127}}</ref> বা কম সময়ৰ বাবে গ্ৰীল কৰা হয়।<ref name="Riley_2007">{{cite book |title=The Oxford Companion to Italian Food |first=Gillian |last=Riley |date=1 November 2007 |publisher=Oxford University Press |page=168 |chapter=Eggs}}</ref> ইয়াক গৰম বা ঠাণ্ডা ষ্টাৰ্টাৰ, চাইড ডিচ বা মেইন কোৰ্চ হিচাপে পৰিৱেশন কৰা হয় আৰু ব্ৰেড আৰু দৈ বা চালাডৰ সৈতে পৰিৱেশন কৰা হয়। <ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=19C3DnJyWE0C |title=A Taste of Persia: An Introduction to Persian Cooking |first=Najmieh |last=Batmanglij |date=24 October 2007 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |page=49}}</ref> == ইতিহাস == ''ব্ৰেকফাষ্ট: এ হিষ্ট্ৰী'' গ্ৰন্থত উল্লেশ থকা মতে অমলেটৰ আদিম ৰূপ উৎপত্তি প্ৰাচীন পাৰস্যত হৈছিল। আৰু এয়া কুকু সৈতে বহুত মিল আছিল।<ref name="Anderson2013">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5LghYCqDJw8C&q=earliest+omelette+persia&pg=PA65|title=Breakfast: A History|last=Anderson|first=Heather Arndt|date=July 11, 2013|publisher=AltaMira Press|isbn=9780759121652|language=en|page=65|access-date=November 18, 2020|archive-date=July 1, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210701192251/https://books.google.com/books?id=5LghYCqDJw8C&q=earliest+omelette+persia&pg=PA65|url-status=live}}</ref> পাৰস্য (ইৰাণ)ৰ ছাফাৱী আৰু কাজাৰ যুগৰ ৰন্ধন পুথিত কুকু বিষয়ে উল্লেখ আছে। <ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/coriander-coriandrum-sativum-l |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |title=Coriander |publication-date=31 October 2011 |volume=VI |page=273 |first=Hūšang |last=Aʿlam}}</ref> কাজাৰ যুগৰ নথি-পত্ৰত ইয়াক অতিৰিক্ত ব্যঞ্জন হিচাপে বৰ্ণনা কৰা হৈছে।<ref name="Qajar">{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/qajar-14-cuisine |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |title=Qajar dynasty xiv. Qajar Cuisine |year=2015 |access-date=19 March 2015 |edition=online |first=Shireen |last=Mahdavi}}</ref> বনৌষধি কুকু (কুকু ছাবজি) হৈছে আটাইতকৈ জনপ্ৰিয় প্ৰকাৰ <ref name="Gilan" /> পৰম্পৰাগতভাৱে [[নৌৰুজ]] বা ইৰাণৰ নৱবৰ্ষত পৰিৱেশন কৰা হয়।<ref name="Qajar" /><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/berenj-rice |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |title=Berenj "rice" |publication-date=15 December 1989 |volume=IV |pages=147–163 |first1=Marcel |last1=Bazin |first2=Christian |last2=Bromberger |first3=Daniel |last3=Balland |first4=Ṣoḡrā |last4=Bāzargān}}</ref> ই নতুন আৰম্ভণিৰ প্ৰতীক <ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-10-23|title=Kuku Sabzi - No Dairy Frittata with Fresh Herbs|url=https://kitchenstarts.com/kuku-sabzi-no-diary-frittata-recipe/|access-date=2021-03-30|website=Kitchen Starts|language=en-US}}</ref> আৰু ইষ্টাৰৰদিনাও ইয়াক পৰিৱেশন কৰা হয়,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.latimes.com/food/la-fo-kuku-recipes-20170307-story.html |title=Say 'kuku' three times fast, then make the terrific Persian herb and egg dish for Easter brunch|first=Amy|last=Scattergood |work=Los Angeles Times |publication-date=13 April 2017}}</ref> যিটো ইৰাণী আৰ্মেনিয়ান আৰু ইৰাণী জৰ্জিয়ানসকলে উদ্‌যাপন কৰে। ==ৰন্ধণ পদ্ধতি== [[File:Քուքու եփելիս.JPG|thumb|কেৰাহীত কুকু ছবজি বা বনৌষধি কুকু ৰন্ধা দেখা গৈছে। ]] কুকু বনোৱাৰ পৰম্পৰাগত পদ্ধতি হ'ল কম জুইত তেলত ভাজি লোৱা আৰু তাৰ পিছত বন্ধ ৰন্ধন পাত্ৰত ভাপত দিয়া।<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/cooking |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |title=Cooking |access-date=28 October 2011 |pages=246–252 |volume=VI |first=Nancy Hatch |last=Dupree}}</ref> বেকিংও এটা জনপ্ৰিয় প্ৰস্তুতি পদ্ধতি। ইয়াক অতিৰিক্ত ডাঠ কৰিবলৈ চেনি যোগ কৰা হয়।<ref name="Gilan">{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/gilan-xxi-cooking |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |title=Gilān xxi. Cooking |access-date=29 June 2019 |edition=online |first=Christian |last=Bromberger}}</ref> চূড়ান্ত ৰূপটো হৈছে কেকৰ দৰে অমলেট যিটো সাধাৰণতে ৰুটিৰ সৈতে পৰিৱেশন কৰা হয়, কিন্তু ভাতৰ সৈতেও পৰিৱেশন কৰিব পাৰি – বিশেষকৈ উত্তৰ ইৰাণৰ গিলান প্ৰদেশত, য'ত পৰম্পৰাগতভাৱে ৰুটিতকৈ ভাত পছন্দ কৰা হয়।<ref name="Gilan"/> ==ভিন্নতা== বনৌষধি কুকু (কুকু ছাবজি), আলু কুকু (কুকু ছিবজামিনি), বেঙেনা কুকু (কুকু-ই বাডেঞ্জন, ভাৰেক), ৰাই কুকু (আছবল কুকু), আৰু কণীৰ কুহুমৰ কুকু (কুকু-ই মাষ্ট) আদি। <ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/recipes/yogurt-kuku/8807/ |title=Yogurt Kuku |first=Julia |last=Ewan |publication-date=24 January 2007 |newspaper=The Washington Post}}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/carrot-the-taproot-of-daucus-l |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |title=Carrot |publication-date=15 December 1990 |volume=V |pages=13–17 |first=Hūšang |last=Aʿlam}}</ref> ===বনৌষধি কুকু=== বনৌষধি কুকু (পাৰ্চী ভাষাত কুকু, আক্ষৰিক অৰ্থত 'কোকিল শাক'; আজাৰবাইজানী ভাষাত আক্ষৰিক অৰ্থত 'সেউজীয়া কুকু')<ref>{{Cite web |last=Buyuran |first=Feride |date=2011-07-09 |title=Fresh Herb Kuku (Kükü) {{!}} AZ Cookbok |url=https://azcookbook.com/2011/07/09/fresh-herb-kuku/ |access-date=2022-09-08 |website=AZ Cookbook |language=en-US}}</ref> হৈছে আটাইতকৈ সাধাৰণ ধৰণৰ কুকু।<ref name="Gilan"/> ইয়াক কণী আৰু বনৌষধি যেনে লিক আৰু পাৰ্চলিৰে তৈয়াৰ কৰা হয়। উত্তৰ ইৰাণত অতি জনপ্ৰিয় নহৰুকো ইয়াৰ উপাদান হিচাপে ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়।<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/garlic |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |title=Garlic |publication-date=2 February 2012 |volume=X |page=315 |first=Etrat |last=Elahi}}</ref> আন এটা ভিন্নতা হ'ল আখৰোট আৰু বনৌষধি কুকু (পাৰ্চী:গেৰ্দু কুকু; আজাৰবাইজানী:ক'জলু কুকু ); বাদাম যোগ কৰিলে খাদ্যৰ সোৱাদ সলনি হয়।<ref>{{Citation |title=Learn how to make walnut kükü |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_YsRKh_uejc |access-date=2022-09-08 |language=en}}</ref> ===বন্ধাকবি কুকু === ফুলকবি কুকু (কুকু-য়ে গোল-ই-কালাম) বিদামীকৈ ভজা পিঁয়াজ আৰু ফুলকবিৰে তৈয়াৰ কৰা হয়।<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Batmanglij |first=Najmieh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9co8YgEACAAJ |title=Food of Life: Ancient Persian and Modern Iranian Cooking and Ceremonies |date=2011 |publisher=Mage Publishers |isbn=978-1-933823-47-8 |pages=144 |language=en}}</ref> এই খাদ্যৰ এটা সংস্কৰণ নাজমেহ বাটমাংগলিজৰ প্ৰথম ইংৰাজী ভাষাৰ পাৰ্চী ৰন্ধন গ্ৰন্থ *ফুড অৱ লাইফ* (১৯৮৬)ত অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত কৰা হৈছিল।<ref name=":0" /> ===আলু কুকু=== আলুৰ কুকু বা পাৰ্চী ভাষাত 'কুকু চিবজামিনি'<ref>{{cite book |title=The Saffron Tales: Recipes from the Persian Kitchen |last=Khan |first=Yasmin |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |year=2016 |isbn=978-1408868744 |pages=76}}</ref><ref name="Qajar"/> <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2021-11-10 |title=Kuku Sibzamini With Lemon Yogurt |url=https://www.bonappetit.com/recipe/kuku-sibzamini-with-lemon-yogurt |access-date=2023-12-06 |website=Bon Appétit |publisher=Condé Nast |language=en-US}}</ref> কণী, আলু, কেশৰ আৰু হালধি আদি মচলা আৰু অন্যান্য উপাদানৰে তৈয়াৰ কৰা হয়। আলুৰ কুকু ক স্পেনিছ অমলেট (এবিধ আলুৰ টৰ্টিলা) আৰু লেটকেৰ সৈতে তুলনা কৰা হয়। ===বেঙেনা কুকু=== বেঙেনা কুকু,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2010/jan/02/aubergine-kuku-recipe-vegetarian-cooking |work=The Guardian |title=Yotam Ottolenghi's aubergine kuku recipe |first=Yotam |last=Ottolenghi |publication-date=1 January 2010}}</ref> পাৰ্চী ভাষাত কুকু-য়ে বাডেঞ্জান নামেৰে জনাজাত বেঙেনা আৰু কণী পিটিকা আৰু অন্যান্য উপাদান যেনে পাৰ্চলি, আখৰোট, পিঁয়াজ,টেঙা ৰঙা বাৰবেৰী ফলৰ সৈতে তৈয়াৰ কৰা হয়।<ref> {{cite book |last1=Ghanoonparvar |first1=M.R. |authorlink1=M.R. Ghanoonparvar |title=Persian Cuisine I: Traditional Foods |url=https://lccn.loc.gov/82061281 |date=1982 |publisher=Mazda Publishers |location=Lexington, Kentucky|lccn=82061281 }}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/badenjan-egeplant-aubergine |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |title=Bādenjān |publication-date=19 August 2011 |volume=III |pages=366–368 |first1=F. |last1=Aubaile-Sallenave |first2=ʿE. |last2=Elāhī}}</ref> ===ৰৌ কুকু=== ৰৌ কুকু, যাক গিলাকী ভাষাত এছবাল কুকি বা এছবাল কুকি বুলি জনা যায়,<ref name= "Gilan"/> গিলান কুকু হৈছে এটা স্থানীয় প্ৰজাতিৰ মাছ (কেভিয়াৰ)ৰ কণী থাকে।<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/caviar |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |title=Caviar |publication-date=15 December 1990 |volume=V |pages=99–101 |first=Hūšang |last=Aʿlam}}</ref> ==তথ্যৰ উৎস== {{reflist}} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== * {{cite web |url=http://familyspice.com/recipes/recipe/?recipe_id=140 |title=Persian Herb Quiche &#124; Kookoo Sabzi (Kuku Sabzi) |work=Family Spice |last=Bashar |first=Laura |access-date=2014-10-14 |archive-date=2014-10-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141019000100/http://familyspice.com/recipes/recipe/?recipe_id=140 |url-status=dead }} * {{cite web |url=http://www.iranchamber.com/recipes/vegetarian/kookoo_sabzi.php |title=Kookoo-e Sabzi |work=Iran Chamber Society}} * {{cite web |url=https://www.splendidtable.org/recipes/cauliflower-kuku |title=Cauliflower Kuku |first=Najmieh |last=Batmanglij |work=Splendid Table}} *Baratzadeh, Emily. "[https://kitchenstarts.com/kuku-sabzi-no-diary-frittata-recipe/ Kuku Sabzi - No Dairy Frittata with Fresh Herbs]" Kitchen Starts. [[শ্ৰেণী:খাদ্য]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ইৰান]] bkk75xwj8db64zu82pubfckanhr41s1 0 136843 605830 605823 2026-05-11T12:17:08Z প্ৰিয়াংকু বৰা 45871 তথ্য অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত কৰা হয় 605830 wikitext text/x-wiki '''চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী''' (ইংৰাজী: Chandra Choudhury) অসমৰ এগৰাকী প্ৰসিদ্ধ অভিনেতা আৰু নাট পৰিচালক। অসমৰ নাট্য মঞ্চত সহ অভিনয়ৰ অন্যতম বাটকটীয়া চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী অসমৰ [[ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰ]]ৰ প্ৰথমগৰাকী নাট পৰিচালক।<ref>গ্ৰন্থ : ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰৰ ইতিহাস | লেখক - সংকলক : কিশোৰ কুমাৰ কলিতা | প্ৰকাশক : সদৌ অসম ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰ প্ৰযোজক সংস্থা </ref> [[ব্ৰজনাথ শৰ্মা]] আৰু [[ফণী শৰ্মা]]ৰ সতীৰ্থ সুদক্ষ অভিনেতা চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীয়ে ছোকৰা, নাৰী চৰিত্ৰ, নায়ক, খলনায়ক আদি সকলো ধৰণৰ চৰিত্ৰত অতি দক্ষতাৰে অভিনয় কৰিছিল। ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰত [[প্ৰফুল্ল বৰা]] ৰচিত ''তেজীমলা, অলংকাৰ, দেৱযানী, পাহাৰৰ জুই, স্নেহবন্ধন'' আদি মঞ্চ সফল আৰু জনপ্ৰিয় নাটকসমূহৰ পৰিচালক আৰু মুখ্য অভিনেতা আছিল চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী। ''ব্লেকমাণি, ধৰ্মকাই, উপগ্ৰহ, ব'হাগৰ দুপৰীয়া'' হৈছে চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী অভিনীত অসমীয়া চলচ্চিত্ৰ। বিভিন্ন বঁটা, সন্মান আৰু স্বীকৃতি লাভ কৰা আজন্ম শিল্পী চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীক ''বৰপেটা মিলন মন্দিৰে'' ১১ জুন, ১৯৭২ চনত আনুষ্ঠানিকভাৱে ''নাট্যসম্ৰাট'' অভিধা প্ৰদান কৰে। ১৯৮৫ চনৰ ৪ ছেপ্টেম্বৰত দেহাৱসান ঘটা নাট্য শিল্পী চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীক অসম নাট্য সন্মিলনে ৪৯ সংখ্যক শিৱসাগৰ অধিৱেশনত মৰণোত্তৰভাৱে ''ব্ৰজনাথ শৰ্মা বঁটা'' প্ৰদান কৰে। {{infobox writer|name=চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী|image=Chandra Choudhury.jpg|imagesize=|alt=|caption=|pseudonym=|birth_name=|birth_date=২৭ এপ্ৰিল, ১৯১৭ চন|birth_place=পাঠলা গাঁও, [[পাঠশালা]], [[বৰপেটা]] জিলা|death_date=৪ ছেপ্টেম্বৰ, ১৯৮৫|death_place=<nowiki>[বৰপেটা]], </nowiki>[[অসম]]|occupation=নাট্যকাৰ, অভিনেতা|nationality=[[ভাৰত|ভাৰতীয়]]|ethnicity=|citizenship={{flagicon|India}} [[ভাৰত]]|language=[[অসমীয়া ভাষা|অসমীয়া]]|education=|alma_mater=|period=|genre=নাট্য শিল্প|subject=|movement=|notableworks=|spouse=বিনদা গগৈ|partner=|children=নগেন চৌধুৰী, মীৰা দত্ত চৌধুৰী|relatives=ৰঘুনাথ চৌধুৰী (পিতৃ) <br/> ভাগ্যেশ্বৰী চৌধুৰী (মাতৃ)|influences=|influenced=|awards=|signature=|signature_alt=|website=}} == প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন == rllbynlvdgcch37uxm9dhv1oe9hge37 605831 605830 2026-05-11T12:17:46Z প্ৰিয়াংকু বৰা 45871 সম্পাদনা 605831 wikitext text/x-wiki '''চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী''' (ইংৰাজী: Chandra Choudhury) অসমৰ এগৰাকী প্ৰসিদ্ধ অভিনেতা আৰু নাট পৰিচালক। অসমৰ নাট্য মঞ্চত সহ অভিনয়ৰ অন্যতম বাটকটীয়া চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী অসমৰ [[ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰ]]ৰ প্ৰথমগৰাকী নাট পৰিচালক। [[ব্ৰজনাথ শৰ্মা]] আৰু [[ফণী শৰ্মা]]ৰ সতীৰ্থ সুদক্ষ অভিনেতা চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীয়ে ছোকৰা, নাৰী চৰিত্ৰ, নায়ক, খলনায়ক আদি সকলো ধৰণৰ চৰিত্ৰত অতি দক্ষতাৰে অভিনয় কৰিছিল। ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰত [[প্ৰফুল্ল বৰা]] ৰচিত ''তেজীমলা, অলংকাৰ, দেৱযানী, পাহাৰৰ জুই, স্নেহবন্ধন'' আদি মঞ্চ সফল আৰু জনপ্ৰিয় নাটকসমূহৰ পৰিচালক আৰু মুখ্য অভিনেতা আছিল চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী। ''ব্লেকমাণি, ধৰ্মকাই, উপগ্ৰহ, ব'হাগৰ দুপৰীয়া'' হৈছে চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী অভিনীত অসমীয়া চলচ্চিত্ৰ। বিভিন্ন বঁটা, সন্মান আৰু স্বীকৃতি লাভ কৰা আজন্ম শিল্পী চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীক ''বৰপেটা মিলন মন্দিৰে'' ১১ জুন, ১৯৭২ চনত আনুষ্ঠানিকভাৱে ''নাট্যসম্ৰাট'' অভিধা প্ৰদান কৰে। ১৯৮৫ চনৰ ৪ ছেপ্টেম্বৰত দেহাৱসান ঘটা নাট্য শিল্পী চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীক অসম নাট্য সন্মিলনে ৪৯ সংখ্যক শিৱসাগৰ অধিৱেশনত মৰণোত্তৰভাৱে ''ব্ৰজনাথ শৰ্মা বঁটা'' প্ৰদান কৰে। {{infobox writer|name=চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী|image=Chandra Choudhury.jpg|imagesize=|alt=|caption=|pseudonym=|birth_name=|birth_date=২৭ এপ্ৰিল, ১৯১৭ চন|birth_place=পাঠলা গাঁও, [[পাঠশালা]], [[বৰপেটা]] জিলা|death_date=৪ ছেপ্টেম্বৰ, ১৯৮৫|death_place=<nowiki>[বৰপেটা]], </nowiki>[[অসম]]|occupation=নাট্যকাৰ, অভিনেতা|nationality=[[ভাৰত|ভাৰতীয়]]|ethnicity=|citizenship={{flagicon|India}} [[ভাৰত]]|language=[[অসমীয়া ভাষা|অসমীয়া]]|education=|alma_mater=|period=|genre=নাট্য শিল্প|subject=|movement=|notableworks=|spouse=বিনদা গগৈ|partner=|children=নগেন চৌধুৰী, মীৰা দত্ত চৌধুৰী|relatives=ৰঘুনাথ চৌধুৰী (পিতৃ) <br/> ভাগ্যেশ্বৰী চৌধুৰী (মাতৃ)|influences=|influenced=|awards=|signature=|signature_alt=|website=}} == প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন == ltg10jwj7mib28zilgrshbfv0j8yhaj 605832 605831 2026-05-11T12:29:15Z প্ৰিয়াংকু বৰা 45871 তথ্য অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত কৰা হয় 605832 wikitext text/x-wiki '''চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী''' (ইংৰাজী: Chandra Choudhury) অসমৰ এগৰাকী প্ৰসিদ্ধ অভিনেতা আৰু নাট পৰিচালক। অসমৰ নাট্য মঞ্চত সহ অভিনয়ৰ অন্যতম বাটকটীয়া চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী অসমৰ [[ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰ]]ৰ প্ৰথমগৰাকী নাট পৰিচালক। [[ব্ৰজনাথ শৰ্মা]] আৰু [[ফণী শৰ্মা]]ৰ সতীৰ্থ সুদক্ষ অভিনেতা চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীয়ে ছোকৰা, নাৰী চৰিত্ৰ, নায়ক, খলনায়ক আদি সকলো ধৰণৰ চৰিত্ৰত অতি দক্ষতাৰে অভিনয় কৰিছিল। ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰত [[প্ৰফুল্ল বৰা]] ৰচিত ''তেজীমলা, অলংকাৰ, দেৱযানী, পাহাৰৰ জুই, স্নেহবন্ধন'' আদি মঞ্চ সফল আৰু জনপ্ৰিয় নাটকসমূহৰ পৰিচালক আৰু মুখ্য অভিনেতা আছিল চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী। ''ব্লেকমাণি, ধৰ্মকাই, উপগ্ৰহ, ব'হাগৰ দুপৰীয়া'' হৈছে চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী অভিনীত অসমীয়া চলচ্চিত্ৰ। বিভিন্ন বঁটা, সন্মান আৰু স্বীকৃতি লাভ কৰা আজন্ম শিল্পী চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীক ''বৰপেটা মিলন মন্দিৰে'' ১১ জুন, ১৯৭২ চনত আনুষ্ঠানিকভাৱে ''নাট্যসম্ৰাট'' অভিধা প্ৰদান কৰে। ১৯৮৫ চনৰ ৪ ছেপ্টেম্বৰত দেহাৱসান ঘটা নাট্য শিল্পী চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীক অসম নাট্য সন্মিলনে ৪৯ সংখ্যক শিৱসাগৰ অধিৱেশনত মৰণোত্তৰভাৱে ''ব্ৰজনাথ শৰ্মা বঁটা'' প্ৰদান কৰে। {{infobox writer|name=চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী|image=Chandra Choudhury.jpg|imagesize=|alt=|caption=|pseudonym=|birth_name=|birth_date=২৭ এপ্ৰিল, ১৯১৭ চন|birth_place=পাঠলা গাঁও, [[পাঠশালা]], [[বৰপেটা]] জিলা|death_date=৪ ছেপ্টেম্বৰ, ১৯৮৫|death_place=<nowiki>[বৰপেটা]], </nowiki>[[অসম]]|occupation=নাট্যকাৰ, অভিনেতা|nationality=[[ভাৰত|ভাৰতীয়]]|ethnicity=|citizenship={{flagicon|India}} [[ভাৰত]]|language=[[অসমীয়া ভাষা|অসমীয়া]]|education=|alma_mater=|period=|genre=নাট্য শিল্প|subject=|movement=|notableworks=|spouse=বিনদা গগৈ|partner=|children=নগেন চৌধুৰী, মীৰা দত্ত চৌধুৰী|relatives=ৰঘুনাথ চৌধুৰী (পিতৃ) <br/> ভাগ্যেশ্বৰী চৌধুৰী (মাতৃ)|influences=|influenced=|awards=|signature=|signature_alt=|website=}} == প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন == চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীৰ জন্ম হয় ১৯১৭ চনৰ ২৭ এপ্ৰিল তাৰিখে পাঠশালা জিলাৰ পাঠলা নামৰ ঠাইত। পিতৃ ৰঘুনাথ চৌধুৰী আৰু মাতৃ ভাগ্যেশ্বৰী চৌধুৰী। দুই পুত্ৰ চন্দ্ৰ আৰু ভোলাৰ শৈশৱ কালতেই অকাল বিয়োগ ঘটে ৰঘুনাথ চৌধুৰীৰ। দুৰ্ভগীয়া মাতৃ ভাগ্যেশ্বৰী চৌধুৰীয়ে অশেষ দুখ কষ্টেৰে দুই পুত্ৰক লালন পালন কৰে। শৈশৱতে চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীয়ে মাতৃ ভাগ্যেশ্বৰীৰ কণ্ঠত বৰগীত, লোকগীত, দেহ বিচাৰৰ গীতৰ সুৰ শুনি শিল্প কলাৰ অনুৰাগী হৈ পৰিছিল। ggavt7m83dtr2rs44k984rspeqh4es9 605834 605832 2026-05-11T12:43:45Z প্ৰিয়াংকু বৰা 45871 তথ্য অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত কৰা হয় 605834 wikitext text/x-wiki '''চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী''' (ইংৰাজী: Chandra Choudhury) অসমৰ এগৰাকী প্ৰসিদ্ধ অভিনেতা আৰু নাট পৰিচালক। অসমৰ নাট্য মঞ্চত সহ অভিনয়ৰ অন্যতম বাটকটীয়া চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী অসমৰ [[ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰ]]ৰ প্ৰথমগৰাকী নাট পৰিচালক। [[ব্ৰজনাথ শৰ্মা]] আৰু [[ফণী শৰ্মা]]ৰ সতীৰ্থ সুদক্ষ অভিনেতা চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীয়ে ছোকৰা, নাৰী চৰিত্ৰ, নায়ক, খলনায়ক আদি সকলো ধৰণৰ চৰিত্ৰত অতি দক্ষতাৰে অভিনয় কৰিছিল। ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰত [[প্ৰফুল্ল বৰা]] ৰচিত ''তেজীমলা, অলংকাৰ, দেৱযানী, পাহাৰৰ জুই, স্নেহবন্ধন'' আদি মঞ্চ সফল আৰু জনপ্ৰিয় নাটকসমূহৰ পৰিচালক আৰু মুখ্য অভিনেতা আছিল চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী। ''ব্লেকমাণি, ধৰ্মকাই, উপগ্ৰহ, ব'হাগৰ দুপৰীয়া'' হৈছে চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী অভিনীত অসমীয়া চলচ্চিত্ৰ। বিভিন্ন বঁটা, সন্মান আৰু স্বীকৃতি লাভ কৰা আজন্ম শিল্পী চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীক ''বৰপেটা মিলন মন্দিৰে'' ১১ জুন, ১৯৭২ চনত আনুষ্ঠানিকভাৱে ''নাট্যসম্ৰাট'' অভিধা প্ৰদান কৰে। ১৯৮৫ চনৰ ৪ ছেপ্টেম্বৰত দেহাৱসান ঘটা নাট্য শিল্পী চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীক অসম নাট্য সন্মিলনে ৪৯ সংখ্যক শিৱসাগৰ অধিৱেশনত মৰণোত্তৰভাৱে ''ব্ৰজনাথ শৰ্মা বঁটা'' প্ৰদান কৰে। {{infobox writer|name=চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী|image=Chandra Choudhury.jpg|imagesize=|alt=|caption=|pseudonym=|birth_name=|birth_date=২৭ এপ্ৰিল, ১৯১৭ চন|birth_place=পাঠলা গাঁও, [[পাঠশালা]], [[বৰপেটা]] জিলা|death_date=৪ ছেপ্টেম্বৰ, ১৯৮৫|death_place=<nowiki>[বৰপেটা]], </nowiki>[[অসম]]|occupation=নাট্যকাৰ, অভিনেতা|nationality=[[ভাৰত|ভাৰতীয়]]|ethnicity=|citizenship={{flagicon|India}} [[ভাৰত]]|language=[[অসমীয়া ভাষা|অসমীয়া]]|education=|alma_mater=|period=|genre=নাট্য শিল্প|subject=|movement=|notableworks=|spouse=বিনদা গগৈ|partner=|children=নগেন চৌধুৰী, মীৰা দত্ত চৌধুৰী|relatives=ৰঘুনাথ চৌধুৰী (পিতৃ) <br/> ভাগ্যেশ্বৰী চৌধুৰী (মাতৃ)|influences=|influenced=|awards=|signature=|signature_alt=|website=}} == প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন == চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীৰ জন্ম হয় ১৯১৭ চনৰ ২৭ এপ্ৰিল তাৰিখে পাঠশালা জিলাৰ পাঠলা নামৰ ঠাইত। পিতৃ ৰঘুনাথ চৌধুৰী আৰু মাতৃ ভাগ্যেশ্বৰী চৌধুৰী। দুই পুত্ৰ চন্দ্ৰ আৰু ভোলাৰ শৈশৱ কালতেই অকাল বিয়োগ ঘটে ৰঘুনাথ চৌধুৰীৰ। দুৰ্ভগীয়া মাতৃ ভাগ্যেশ্বৰী চৌধুৰীয়ে অশেষ দুখ কষ্টেৰে দুই পুত্ৰক লালন পালন কৰে। শৈশৱতে চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীয়ে মাতৃ ভাগ্যেশ্বৰীৰ কণ্ঠত বৰগীত, লোকগীত, দেহ বিচাৰৰ গীতৰ সুৰ শুনি শিল্প কলাৰ অনুৰাগী হৈ পৰিছিল। == কৰ্ম জীৱন == ১৯১৫ চনত মাত্ৰ আঠ বছৰ বয়সত চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীয়ে সন্তৰাম চৌধুৰীৰ পৰিচালনাত পাঠশালা নাট্য সমিতিৰ মঞ্চত অভিনেতা হিচাপে প্ৰথম প্ৰৱেশ কৰিছিল। অভিনয়াচাৰ্য ব্ৰজনাথ শৰ্মাৰ ব্যৱসায়িক যাত্ৰাদল ''কহিনুৰ অপেৰা'' ৰ এগৰাকী মুখ্য অভিনয় শিল্পী আছিল চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী। ১৯৩৩ চনত ''কহিনুৰ অপেৰাৰ'' জৰিয়তে অসমত প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে ব্যৱসায়িক নাট্য মঞ্চত সহ অভিনয় প্ৰৱৰ্তন কৰা সময়ত ব্ৰজনাথ শৰ্মাৰ সহযোগী আছিল ফণী শৰ্মা আৰু চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী। ''কহিনুৰ অপেৰা'' ফণী শৰ্মাৰ দৰমহা আছিল ২০ টকা আৰু চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীৰ দৰমহা আছিল ৭ টকা। ব্যৱসায়িক যাত্ৰাদলৰ পৰা ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰলৈকে নিজৰ ষাঠী বছৰীয়া অভিনয় জীৱনত চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীয়ে ছোকৰা, নাৰী চৰিত্ৰৰ পৰা নায়ক, খলনায়ক আদি সকলো প্ৰকাৰৰ চৰিত্ৰত অতি দক্ষতাৰে অভিনয় কৰিছিল। 7ge89ko8ipg8r9pj1qi8zz1z33t2g4q 605873 605834 2026-05-11T15:28:01Z প্ৰিয়াংকু বৰা 45871 তথ্য অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত কৰা হয় 605873 wikitext text/x-wiki '''চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী''' (ইংৰাজী: Chandra Choudhury) অসমৰ এগৰাকী প্ৰসিদ্ধ অভিনেতা আৰু নাট পৰিচালক। [[ব্ৰজনাথ শৰ্মা]] আৰু [[ফণী শৰ্মা]]ৰ সতীৰ্থ সুদক্ষ অভিনেতা চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী অসমৰ নাট্য মঞ্চত সহ অভিনয়ৰ অন্যতম বাটকটীয়া।<ref>গ্ৰন্থ : ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰ শিল্পীৰ পৃথিৱীত এভূমুকি প্ৰথম কুৰি বছৰ | লেখক : অতুল মজুমদাৰ | প্ৰকাশক : শৰাইঘাট সাহিত্য সমাজ </ref> চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী অসমৰ ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰৰ প্ৰথমগৰাকী নাট পৰিচালক।<ref>গ্ৰন্থ : ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰৰ ইতিহাস | লেখক - সংকলক : কিশোৰ কুমাৰ কলিতা | প্ৰকাশক : সদৌ অসম ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰ প্ৰযোজক সংস্থা </ref> ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰত [[প্ৰফুল্ল বৰা]] ৰচিত ''তেজীমলা, অলংকাৰ, দেৱযানী, পাহাৰৰ জুই, স্নেহবন্ধন'' আদি মঞ্চ সফল আৰু জনপ্ৰিয় নাটকসমূহৰ পৰিচালক আৰু মুখ্য অভিনেতা আছিল চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী। ব্যৱসায়িক যাত্ৰাদলৰ পৰা ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰলৈকে নিজৰ ষাঠী বছৰীয়া অভিনয় জীৱনত ছোকৰা, নাৰী চৰিত্ৰ, নায়ক, খলনায়ক আদি সকলো ধৰণৰ চৰিত্ৰত অতি দক্ষতাৰে অভিনয় কৰা নাট্যশিল্পী আছিল চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী।<ref>নটবৰ চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী | লেখক : ৰত্ন ওজা | গ্ৰন্থ : অসমৰ নাট্য ইতিহাসৰ চক্ৰনাভি নাট্যসম্ৰাট চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী | মুখ্য সম্পাদক : হিতেশ দত্ত | প্ৰকাশক : নাট্যসম্ৰাট চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী স্মৃতি ৰক্ষা সমিতি </ref> ''ব্লেকমাণি, ধৰ্মকাই, উপগ্ৰহ, ব'হাগৰ দুপৰীয়া'' চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী অভিনীত অসমীয়া চলচ্চিত্ৰ। বিভিন্ন বঁটা, সন্মান আৰু স্বীকৃতি লাভ কৰা আজন্ম শিল্পী চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীক ''বৰপেটা মিলন মন্দিৰে'' ১১ জুন, ১৯৭২ চনত আনুষ্ঠানিকভাৱে ''নাট্যসম্ৰাট'' অভিধা প্ৰদান কৰিছিল। ১৯৮৫ চনৰ ৪ ছেপ্টেম্বৰত দেহাৱসান ঘটা নাট্য শিল্পী চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীক অসম নাট্য সন্মিলনৰ ৪৯ সংখ্যক শিৱসাগৰ অধিৱেশনত মৰণোত্তৰভাৱে ''ব্ৰজনাথ শৰ্মা বঁটা'' প্ৰদান কৰা হৈছিল। {{infobox writer|name=চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী|image=Chandra Choudhury.jpg|imagesize=|alt=|caption=|pseudonym=|birth_name=|birth_date=২৭ এপ্ৰিল, ১৯১৭ চন|birth_place=পাঠলা গাঁও, [[পাঠশালা]], [[বৰপেটা]] জিলা|death_date=৪ ছেপ্টেম্বৰ, ১৯৮৫|death_place=<nowiki>[বৰপেটা]], </nowiki>[[অসম]]|occupation=নাট্যকাৰ, অভিনেতা|nationality=[[ভাৰত|ভাৰতীয়]]|ethnicity=|citizenship={{flagicon|India}} [[ভাৰত]]|language=[[অসমীয়া ভাষা|অসমীয়া]]|education=|alma_mater=|period=|genre=নাট্য শিল্প|subject=|movement=|notableworks=|spouse=বিনদা গগৈ|partner=|children=নগেন চৌধুৰী, মীৰা দত্ত চৌধুৰী|relatives=ৰঘুনাথ চৌধুৰী (পিতৃ) <br/> ভাগ্যেশ্বৰী চৌধুৰী (মাতৃ)|influences=|influenced=|awards=|signature=|signature_alt=|website=}} == প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন == চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীৰ জন্ম হয় ১৯১৭ চনৰ ২৭ এপ্ৰিল তাৰিখে পাঠশালা জিলাৰ পাঠলা নামৰ ঠাইত। পিতৃ ৰঘুনাথ চৌধুৰী আৰু মাতৃ ভাগ্যেশ্বৰী চৌধুৰী। দুই পুত্ৰ চন্দ্ৰ আৰু ভোলাৰ শৈশৱ কালতেই অকাল বিয়োগ ঘটে ৰঘুনাথ চৌধুৰীৰ। দুৰ্ভগীয়া মাতৃ ভাগ্যেশ্বৰী চৌধুৰীয়ে অশেষ দুখ কষ্টেৰে দুই পুত্ৰক লালন পালন কৰে। শৈশৱতে চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীয়ে মাতৃ ভাগ্যেশ্বৰীৰ কণ্ঠত বৰগীত, লোকগীত, দেহ বিচাৰৰ গীতৰ সুৰ শুনি শিল্প কলাৰ অনুৰাগী হৈ পৰিছিল। == কৰ্ম জীৱন == ১৯১৫ চনত মাত্ৰ আঠ বছৰ বয়সত চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীয়ে সন্তৰাম চৌধুৰীৰ পৰিচালনাত পাঠশালা নাট্য সমিতিৰ মঞ্চত অভিনেতা হিচাপে প্ৰথম প্ৰৱেশ কৰিছিল। অভিনয়াচাৰ্য ব্ৰজনাথ শৰ্মাৰ ব্যৱসায়িক যাত্ৰাদল ''কহিনুৰ অপেৰা'' ৰ এগৰাকী মুখ্য অভিনয় শিল্পী আছিল চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী। ১৯৩৩ চনত ''কহিনুৰ অপেৰাৰ'' জৰিয়তে অসমত প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে ব্যৱসায়িক নাট্য মঞ্চত সহ অভিনয় প্ৰৱৰ্তন কৰা সময়ত ব্ৰজনাথ শৰ্মাৰ সহযোগী আছিল ফণী শৰ্মা আৰু চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী। ''কহিনুৰ অপেৰা'' ফণী শৰ্মাৰ দৰমহা আছিল ২০ টকা আৰু চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীৰ দৰমহা আছিল ৭ টকা। ব্যৱসায়িক যাত্ৰাদলৰ পৰা ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰলৈকে নিজৰ ষাঠী বছৰীয়া অভিনয় জীৱনত চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীয়ে ছোকৰা, নাৰী চৰিত্ৰৰ পৰা নায়ক, খলনায়ক আদি সকলো প্ৰকাৰৰ চৰিত্ৰত অতি দক্ষতাৰে অভিনয় কৰিছিল। nbc2jjmvgw7hb5hru98poqxtnwkavak 605874 605873 2026-05-11T15:29:19Z প্ৰিয়াংকু বৰা 45871 সম্পাদনা 605874 wikitext text/x-wiki '''চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী''' (ইংৰাজী: Chandra Choudhury) অসমৰ এগৰাকী প্ৰসিদ্ধ অভিনেতা আৰু নাট পৰিচালক। [[ব্ৰজনাথ শৰ্মা]] আৰু [[ফণী শৰ্মা]]ৰ সতীৰ্থ সুদক্ষ অভিনেতা চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী অসমৰ নাট্য মঞ্চত সহ অভিনয়ৰ অন্যতম বাটকটীয়া। চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী অসমৰ ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰৰ প্ৰথমগৰাকী নাট পৰিচালক। ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰত [[প্ৰফুল্ল বৰা]] ৰচিত ''তেজীমলা, অলংকাৰ, দেৱযানী, পাহাৰৰ জুই, স্নেহবন্ধন'' আদি মঞ্চ সফল আৰু জনপ্ৰিয় নাটকসমূহৰ পৰিচালক আৰু মুখ্য অভিনেতা আছিল চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী। ব্যৱসায়িক যাত্ৰাদলৰ পৰা ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰলৈকে নিজৰ ষাঠী বছৰীয়া অভিনয় জীৱনত ছোকৰা, নাৰী চৰিত্ৰ, নায়ক, খলনায়ক আদি সকলো ধৰণৰ চৰিত্ৰত অতি দক্ষতাৰে অভিনয় কৰা নাট্যশিল্পী আছিল চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী। ''ব্লেকমাণি, ধৰ্মকাই, উপগ্ৰহ, ব'হাগৰ দুপৰীয়া'' চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী অভিনীত অসমীয়া চলচ্চিত্ৰ। বিভিন্ন বঁটা, সন্মান আৰু স্বীকৃতি লাভ কৰা আজন্ম শিল্পী চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীক ''বৰপেটা মিলন মন্দিৰে'' ১১ জুন, ১৯৭২ চনত আনুষ্ঠানিকভাৱে ''নাট্যসম্ৰাট'' অভিধা প্ৰদান কৰিছিল। ১৯৮৫ চনৰ ৪ ছেপ্টেম্বৰত দেহাৱসান ঘটা নাট্য শিল্পী চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীক অসম নাট্য সন্মিলনৰ ৪৯ সংখ্যক শিৱসাগৰ অধিৱেশনত মৰণোত্তৰভাৱে ''ব্ৰজনাথ শৰ্মা বঁটা'' প্ৰদান কৰা হৈছিল। {{infobox writer|name=চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী|image=Chandra Choudhury.jpg|imagesize=|alt=|caption=|pseudonym=|birth_name=|birth_date=২৭ এপ্ৰিল, ১৯১৭ চন|birth_place=পাঠলা গাঁও, [[পাঠশালা]], [[বৰপেটা]] জিলা|death_date=৪ ছেপ্টেম্বৰ, ১৯৮৫|death_place=<nowiki>[বৰপেটা]], </nowiki>[[অসম]]|occupation=নাট্যকাৰ, অভিনেতা|nationality=[[ভাৰত|ভাৰতীয়]]|ethnicity=|citizenship={{flagicon|India}} [[ভাৰত]]|language=[[অসমীয়া ভাষা|অসমীয়া]]|education=|alma_mater=|period=|genre=নাট্য শিল্প|subject=|movement=|notableworks=|spouse=বিনদা গগৈ|partner=|children=নগেন চৌধুৰী, মীৰা দত্ত চৌধুৰী|relatives=ৰঘুনাথ চৌধুৰী (পিতৃ) <br/> ভাগ্যেশ্বৰী চৌধুৰী (মাতৃ)|influences=|influenced=|awards=|signature=|signature_alt=|website=}} == প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন == চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীৰ জন্ম হয় ১৯১৭ চনৰ ২৭ এপ্ৰিল তাৰিখে পাঠশালা জিলাৰ পাঠলা নামৰ ঠাইত। পিতৃ ৰঘুনাথ চৌধুৰী আৰু মাতৃ ভাগ্যেশ্বৰী চৌধুৰী। দুই পুত্ৰ চন্দ্ৰ আৰু ভোলাৰ শৈশৱ কালতেই অকাল বিয়োগ ঘটে ৰঘুনাথ চৌধুৰীৰ। দুৰ্ভগীয়া মাতৃ ভাগ্যেশ্বৰী চৌধুৰীয়ে অশেষ দুখ কষ্টেৰে দুই পুত্ৰক লালন পালন কৰে। শৈশৱতে চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীয়ে মাতৃ ভাগ্যেশ্বৰীৰ কণ্ঠত বৰগীত, লোকগীত, দেহ বিচাৰৰ গীতৰ সুৰ শুনি শিল্প কলাৰ অনুৰাগী হৈ পৰিছিল। == কৰ্ম জীৱন == ১৯১৫ চনত মাত্ৰ আঠ বছৰ বয়সত চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীয়ে সন্তৰাম চৌধুৰীৰ পৰিচালনাত পাঠশালা নাট্য সমিতিৰ মঞ্চত অভিনেতা হিচাপে প্ৰথম প্ৰৱেশ কৰিছিল। অভিনয়াচাৰ্য ব্ৰজনাথ শৰ্মাৰ ব্যৱসায়িক যাত্ৰাদল ''কহিনুৰ অপেৰা'' ৰ এগৰাকী মুখ্য অভিনয় শিল্পী আছিল চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী। ১৯৩৩ চনত ''কহিনুৰ অপেৰাৰ'' জৰিয়তে অসমত প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে ব্যৱসায়িক নাট্য মঞ্চত সহ অভিনয় প্ৰৱৰ্তন কৰা সময়ত ব্ৰজনাথ শৰ্মাৰ সহযোগী আছিল ফণী শৰ্মা আৰু চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী। ''কহিনুৰ অপেৰা'' ফণী শৰ্মাৰ দৰমহা আছিল ২০ টকা আৰু চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীৰ দৰমহা আছিল ৭ টকা। ব্যৱসায়িক যাত্ৰাদলৰ পৰা ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰলৈকে নিজৰ ষাঠী বছৰীয়া অভিনয় জীৱনত চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীয়ে ছোকৰা, নাৰী চৰিত্ৰৰ পৰা নায়ক, খলনায়ক আদি সকলো প্ৰকাৰৰ চৰিত্ৰত অতি দক্ষতাৰে অভিনয় কৰিছিল। 54xglg2l7zt4c84owgmhlzbdeq9xjwu 605879 605874 2026-05-11T16:38:21Z প্ৰিয়াংকু বৰা 45871 তথ্য অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত কৰা হয় 605879 wikitext text/x-wiki '''চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী''' (ইংৰাজী: Chandra Choudhury) অসমৰ এগৰাকী প্ৰসিদ্ধ অভিনেতা আৰু নাট পৰিচালক। [[ব্ৰজনাথ শৰ্মা]] আৰু [[ফণী শৰ্মা]]ৰ সতীৰ্থ সুদক্ষ অভিনেতা চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী অসমৰ নাট্য মঞ্চত সহ অভিনয়ৰ অন্যতম বাটকটীয়া। চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী অসমৰ ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰৰ প্ৰথমগৰাকী নাট পৰিচালক।<ref>ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰৰ ইতিহাস প্ৰথম খণ্ড | লেখক - সংকলক : কিশোৰ কুমাৰ কলিতা | প্ৰকাশক : সদৌ অসম ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰ প্ৰযোজক সংস্থা </ref> ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰত [[প্ৰফুল্ল বৰা]] ৰচিত ''তেজীমলা, অলংকাৰ, দেৱযানী, পাহাৰৰ জুই, স্নেহবন্ধন'' আদি মঞ্চ সফল আৰু জনপ্ৰিয় নাটকসমূহৰ পৰিচালক আৰু মুখ্য অভিনেতা আছিল চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী।<ref>গ্ৰন্থ : ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰ শিল্পীৰ পৃথিৱীত এভূমুকি প্ৰথম কুৰি বছৰ | লেখক : অতুল মজুমদাৰ | প্ৰকাশক : শৰাইঘাট সাহিত্য সমাজ </ref> সত্তৰ আৰু আশীৰ দশকত নাট্যকাৰ প্ৰফুল্ল বৰা আৰু নাট পৰিচালক চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী যুটীয়ে ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰত এক নব্য ধাৰাৰ সূচনা কৰিছিল। ব্যৱসায়িক যাত্ৰাদলৰ পৰা ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰলৈকে নিজৰ ষাঠী বছৰীয়া অভিনয় জীৱনত ছোকৰা, নাৰী চৰিত্ৰ, নায়ক, খলনায়ক আদি সকলো ধৰণৰ চৰিত্ৰত অতি দক্ষতাৰে অভিনয় কৰা নাট্যশিল্পী আছিল চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী।<ref>নটবৰ চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী | লেখক: ৰত্ন ওজা | গ্ৰন্থ : অসমৰ নাট্য ইতিহাসৰ চক্ৰনাভি নাট্যসম্ৰাট চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী | মুখ্য সম্পাদক হিতেশ দত্ত চৌধুৰী | প্ৰকাশক : নাট্যসম্ৰাট চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী স্মৃতি ৰক্ষা সমিতি </ref> ''ব্লেকমাণি, ধৰ্মকাই, উপগ্ৰহ, ব'হাগৰ দুপৰীয়া'' চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী অভিনীত অসমীয়া চলচ্চিত্ৰ। বিভিন্ন বঁটা, সন্মান আৰু স্বীকৃতি লাভ কৰা আজন্ম শিল্পী চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীক ''বৰপেটা মিলন মন্দিৰে'' ১১ জুন, ১৯৭২ চনত আনুষ্ঠানিকভাৱে ''নাট্যসম্ৰাট'' অভিধা প্ৰদান কৰিছিল। ১৯৮৫ চনৰ ৪ ছেপ্টেম্বৰত দেহাৱসান ঘটা নাট্যশিল্পী চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীক অসম নাট্য সন্মিলনৰ ৪৯ সংখ্যক শিৱসাগৰ অধিৱেশনত মৰণোত্তৰভাৱে ''ব্ৰজনাথ শৰ্মা বঁটা'' প্ৰদান কৰা হৈছিল।<ref>গ্ৰন্থ : অসমৰ নাট্য ইতিহাসৰ চক্ৰনাভি নাট্যসম্ৰাট চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী | প্ৰকাশক : নাট্যসম্ৰাট চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী স্মৃতি ৰক্ষা সমিতি </ref> {{infobox writer|name=চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী|image=Chandra Choudhury.jpg|imagesize=|alt=|caption=|pseudonym=|birth_name=|birth_date=২৭ এপ্ৰিল, ১৯১৭ চন|birth_place=পাঠলা গাঁও, [[পাঠশালা]], [[বৰপেটা]] জিলা|death_date=৪ ছেপ্টেম্বৰ, ১৯৮৫|death_place=<nowiki>[বৰপেটা]], </nowiki>[[অসম]]|occupation=নাট্যকাৰ, অভিনেতা|nationality=[[ভাৰত|ভাৰতীয়]]|ethnicity=|citizenship={{flagicon|India}} [[ভাৰত]]|language=[[অসমীয়া ভাষা|অসমীয়া]]|education=|alma_mater=|period=|genre=নাট্য শিল্প|subject=|movement=|notableworks=|spouse=বিনদা গগৈ|partner=|children=নগেন চৌধুৰী, মীৰা দত্ত চৌধুৰী|relatives=ৰঘুনাথ চৌধুৰী (পিতৃ) <br/> ভাগ্যেশ্বৰী চৌধুৰী (মাতৃ)|influences=|influenced=|awards=|signature=|signature_alt=|website=}} == প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন == চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীৰ জন্ম হয় ১৯১৭ চনৰ ২৭ এপ্ৰিল তাৰিখে পাঠশালা জিলাৰ পাঠলা গাঁৱত। পিতৃ ৰঘুনাথ চৌধুৰী আৰু মাতৃ ভাগ্যেশ্বৰী চৌধুৰী। দুই পুত্ৰ চন্দ্ৰ আৰু ভোলাৰ শৈশৱ কালতেই অকাল বিয়োগ ঘটে ৰঘুনাথ চৌধুৰীৰ। দুৰ্ভগীয়া মাতৃ ভাগ্যেশ্বৰী চৌধুৰীয়ে অশেষ দুখ কষ্টেৰে দুই পুত্ৰক লালন পালন কৰে। শৈশৱতে চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীয়ে মাতৃ ভাগ্যেশ্বৰীৰ কণ্ঠত বৰগীত, লোকগীত, দেহ বিচাৰৰ গীতৰ সুৰ শুনি শিল্প কলাৰ অনুৰাগী হৈ পৰিছিল। গাঁৱৰ নামঘৰত পাঠকে ভোৰ তাল বজাই নাম গোৱা দেখি ঘৰলৈ আহি ৰাগ টানি নাম গাবলৈ শিকিছিল। সৰস্বতী পূজা, স্থানীয় সভা আদিত যাত্ৰা, গায়ন-বায়নৰ ( কামৰূপীয়া ভাওনা) নাটক চাই আহি ঘৰত লগ সমনীয়া গোটাই মঞ সাজি নাটক কৰিছিল। এনেদৰে শৈশৱতে চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীৰ মনত অংকুৰিত হৈছিল নাট্যশিল্পী হোৱাৰ বাসনা। সেই উদ্দেশ্যে শৈশৱতে সাক্ষাৎ কৰিছিল প্ৰখ্যাত নাট্য শিল্পী সন্তৰাম চৌধুৰীক। == কৰ্ম জীৱন == ১৯১৫ চনত মাত্ৰ আঠ বছৰ বয়সত চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীয়ে সন্তৰাম চৌধুৰীৰ পৰিচালনাত পাঠশালা নাট্য সমিতিৰ মঞ্চত অভিনেতা হিচাপে প্ৰথম প্ৰৱেশ কৰিছিল। অভিনয়াচাৰ্য ব্ৰজনাথ শৰ্মাৰ ব্যৱসায়িক যাত্ৰাদল ''কহিনুৰ অপেৰা'' ৰ এগৰাকী মুখ্য অভিনয় শিল্পী আছিল চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী। ১৯৩৩ চনত ''কহিনুৰ অপেৰাৰ'' জৰিয়তে অসমত প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে ব্যৱসায়িক নাট্য মঞ্চত সহ অভিনয় প্ৰৱৰ্তন কৰা সময়ত ব্ৰজনাথ শৰ্মাৰ সহযোগী আছিল ফণী শৰ্মা আৰু চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী। ''কহিনুৰ অপেৰা'' ফণী শৰ্মাৰ দৰমহা আছিল ২০ টকা আৰু চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীৰ দৰমহা আছিল ৭ টকা। ব্যৱসায়িক যাত্ৰাদলৰ পৰা ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰলৈকে নিজৰ ষাঠী বছৰীয়া অভিনয় জীৱনত চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীয়ে ছোকৰা, নাৰী চৰিত্ৰৰ পৰা নায়ক, খলনায়ক আদি সকলো প্ৰকাৰৰ চৰিত্ৰত অতি দক্ষতাৰে অভিনয় কৰিছিল। == বৈবাহিক জীৱন == ব্ৰজনাথ শৰ্মাৰ কহিনুৰ অপেৰাৰ অন্যতম অভিনেত্ৰী বিনদা গগৈক সেই সময়ৰ ৰক্ষণশীল সমাজৰ প্ৰতিবন্ধকতালৈ ভয় নকৰি বিয়া কৰাই চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীয়ে সামাজিক স্বীকৃতি দিছিল। == বঁটা সন্মান স্বীকৃতি == ব্যৱসায়িক যাত্ৰাদলৰ পৰা ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰ লৈকে নিজৰ ষাঠী বছৰীয়া অভিনয় জীৱনত চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীয়ে বিভিন্ন বঁটা, সন্মান আৰু স্বীকৃতি লাভ কৰিছে। ই, ভোটিং ভিতৰত উল্লেখযোগ্য কেইটামান বটা, সন্মান, স্বীকৃতি এনেধৰণৰ : ১১ জুন, ১৯৭২ চনত বৰপেটা জিলাৰ বৰপেটা মিলন মন্দিৰে নাট্য জগতলৈ আগবঢ়োৱা অনবদ্য অৱদানৰ বাবে চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীক আনুষ্ঠানিকভাৱে ''নাট্যসম্ৰাট'' অভিধা প্ৰদান কৰে। ১৯৯৮ চনত অসম চৰকাৰে চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীলৈ মৰণোত্তৰভাৱে আগবঢ়াই দহ হেজাৰ টকাৰ এককালীন শিল্পী সাহায্য। ১৩ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী, ২০১১ চনত অসম নাট্য সন্মিলন ৪৯ সংখ্যক শিৱসাগৰ অধিৱেশনত মৰণোত্তৰভাৱে চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীক প্ৰদান কৰা হয় ''ব্ৰজনাথ শৰ্মা বঁটা।'' == তথ্য সংগ্ৰহ == ow9rlexzx7jecl6llo2atv6ryhew8ve 605881 605879 2026-05-11T16:45:26Z প্ৰিয়াংকু বৰা 45871 সম্পাদনা 605881 wikitext text/x-wiki '''চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী''' (ইংৰাজী: Chandra Choudhury) অসমৰ এগৰাকী প্ৰসিদ্ধ অভিনেতা আৰু নাট পৰিচালক। [[ব্ৰজনাথ শৰ্মা]] আৰু [[ফণী শৰ্মা]]ৰ সতীৰ্থ সুদক্ষ অভিনেতা চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী অসমৰ নাট্য মঞ্চত সহ অভিনয়ৰ অন্যতম বাটকটীয়া। চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী অসমৰ ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰৰ প্ৰথমগৰাকী নাট পৰিচালক।<ref>ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰৰ ইতিহাস প্ৰথম খণ্ড | লেখক - সংকলক : কিশোৰ কুমাৰ কলিতা | প্ৰকাশক : সদৌ অসম ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰ প্ৰযোজক সংস্থা </ref> ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰত [[প্ৰফুল্ল বৰা]] ৰচিত ''তেজীমলা, অলংকাৰ, দেৱযানী, পাহাৰৰ জুই, স্নেহবন্ধন'' আদি মঞ্চ সফল আৰু জনপ্ৰিয় নাটকসমূহৰ পৰিচালক আৰু মুখ্য অভিনেতা আছিল চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী।<ref>গ্ৰন্থ : ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰ শিল্পীৰ পৃথিৱীত এভূমুকি প্ৰথম কুৰি বছৰ | লেখক : অতুল মজুমদাৰ | প্ৰকাশক : শৰাইঘাট সাহিত্য সমাজ </ref> সত্তৰ আৰু আশীৰ দশকত নাট্যকাৰ প্ৰফুল্ল বৰা আৰু নাট পৰিচালক চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী যুটীয়ে ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰত এক নব্য ধাৰাৰ সূচনা কৰিছিল। ব্যৱসায়িক যাত্ৰাদলৰ পৰা ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰলৈকে নিজৰ ষাঠী বছৰীয়া অভিনয় জীৱনত ছোকৰা, নাৰী চৰিত্ৰ, নায়ক, খলনায়ক আদি সকলো ধৰণৰ চৰিত্ৰত অতি দক্ষতাৰে অভিনয় কৰা নাট্যশিল্পী আছিল চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী।<ref>নটবৰ চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী | লেখক: ৰত্ন ওজা | গ্ৰন্থ : অসমৰ নাট্য ইতিহাসৰ চক্ৰনাভি নাট্যসম্ৰাট চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী | মুখ্য সম্পাদক হিতেশ দত্ত চৌধুৰী | প্ৰকাশক : নাট্যসম্ৰাট চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী স্মৃতি ৰক্ষা সমিতি </ref> ''ব্লেকমাণি, ধৰ্মকাই, উপগ্ৰহ, ব'হাগৰ দুপৰীয়া'' চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী অভিনীত অসমীয়া চলচ্চিত্ৰ। বিভিন্ন বঁটা, সন্মান আৰু স্বীকৃতি লাভ কৰা আজন্ম শিল্পী চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীক ''বৰপেটা মিলন মন্দিৰে'' ১১ জুন, ১৯৭২ চনত আনুষ্ঠানিকভাৱে ''নাট্যসম্ৰাট'' অভিধা প্ৰদান কৰিছিল। ১৯৮৫ চনৰ ৪ ছেপ্টেম্বৰত দেহাৱসান ঘটা নাট্যশিল্পী চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীক অসম নাট্য সন্মিলনৰ ৪৯ সংখ্যক শিৱসাগৰ অধিৱেশনত মৰণোত্তৰভাৱে ''ব্ৰজনাথ শৰ্মা বঁটা'' প্ৰদান কৰা হৈছিল।<ref>গ্ৰন্থ : অসমৰ নাট্য ইতিহাসৰ চক্ৰনাভি নাট্যসম্ৰাট চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী | প্ৰকাশক : নাট্যসম্ৰাট চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী স্মৃতি ৰক্ষা সমিতি </ref> {{infobox writer|name=চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী|image=Chandra Choudhury.jpg|imagesize=|alt=|caption=|pseudonym=|birth_name=|birth_date=২৭ এপ্ৰিল, ১৯১৭ চন|birth_place=পাঠলা গাঁও, [[পাঠশালা]], [[বৰপেটা]] জিলা|death_date=৪ ছেপ্টেম্বৰ, ১৯৮৫|death_place=<nowiki>[বৰপেটা]], </nowiki>[[অসম]]|occupation=নাট্যকাৰ, অভিনেতা|nationality=[[ভাৰত|ভাৰতীয়]]|ethnicity=|citizenship={{flagicon|India}} [[ভাৰত]]|language=[[অসমীয়া ভাষা|অসমীয়া]]|education=|alma_mater=|period=|genre=নাট্য শিল্প|subject=|movement=|notableworks=|spouse=বিনদা গগৈ|partner=|children=নগেন চৌধুৰী, মীৰা দত্ত চৌধুৰী|relatives=ৰঘুনাথ চৌধুৰী (পিতৃ) <br/> ভাগ্যেশ্বৰী চৌধুৰী (মাতৃ)|influences=|influenced=|awards=|signature=|signature_alt=|website=}} == প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন == চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীৰ জন্ম হয় ১৯১৭ চনৰ ২৭ এপ্ৰিল তাৰিখে পাঠশালা জিলাৰ পাঠলা গাঁৱত। পিতৃ ৰঘুনাথ চৌধুৰী আৰু মাতৃ ভাগ্যেশ্বৰী চৌধুৰী। দুই পুত্ৰ চন্দ্ৰ আৰু ভোলাৰ শৈশৱ কালতেই অকাল বিয়োগ ঘটে ৰঘুনাথ চৌধুৰীৰ। দুৰ্ভগীয়া মাতৃ ভাগ্যেশ্বৰী চৌধুৰীয়ে অশেষ দুখ কষ্টেৰে দুই পুত্ৰক লালন পালন কৰে। শৈশৱতে চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীয়ে মাতৃ ভাগ্যেশ্বৰীৰ কণ্ঠত বৰগীত, লোকগীত, দেহ বিচাৰৰ গীতৰ সুৰ শুনি শিল্প কলাৰ অনুৰাগী হৈ পৰিছিল। গাঁৱৰ [[নামঘৰ]]ত পাঠকে ভোৰ তাল বজাই নাম গোৱা দেখি ঘৰলৈ আহি ৰাগ টানি নাম গাবলৈ শিকিছিল। সৰস্বতী পূজা, স্থানীয় সভা আদিত যাত্ৰা, গায়ন-বায়নৰ ( কামৰূপীয়া ভাওনা) নাটক চাই আহি ঘৰত লগ সমনীয়া গোটাই মঞ সাজি নাটক কৰিছিল। এনেদৰে শৈশৱতে চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীৰ মনত অংকুৰিত হৈছিল নাট্যশিল্পী হোৱাৰ বাসনা। সেই উদ্দেশ্যে শৈশৱতে সাক্ষাৎ কৰিছিল প্ৰখ্যাত নাট্য শিল্পী সন্তৰাম চৌধুৰীক। == কৰ্ম জীৱন == ১৯১৫ চনত মাত্ৰ আঠ বছৰ বয়সত চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীয়ে সন্তৰাম চৌধুৰীৰ পৰিচালনাত পাঠশালা নাট্য সমিতিৰ মঞ্চত অভিনেতা হিচাপে প্ৰথম প্ৰৱেশ কৰিছিল। অভিনয়াচাৰ্য ব্ৰজনাথ শৰ্মাৰ ব্যৱসায়িক যাত্ৰাদল ''কহিনুৰ অপেৰা'' ৰ এগৰাকী মুখ্য অভিনয় শিল্পী আছিল চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী। ১৯৩৩ চনত ''কহিনুৰ অপেৰাৰ'' জৰিয়তে অসমত প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে ব্যৱসায়িক নাট্য মঞ্চত সহ অভিনয় প্ৰৱৰ্তন কৰা সময়ত ব্ৰজনাথ শৰ্মাৰ সহযোগী আছিল ফণী শৰ্মা আৰু চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী। ''কহিনুৰ অপেৰা'' ফণী শৰ্মাৰ দৰমহা আছিল ২০ টকা আৰু চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীৰ দৰমহা আছিল ৭ টকা। ব্যৱসায়িক যাত্ৰাদলৰ পৰা ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰলৈকে নিজৰ ষাঠী বছৰীয়া অভিনয় জীৱনত চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীয়ে ছোকৰা, নাৰী চৰিত্ৰৰ পৰা নায়ক, খলনায়ক আদি সকলো প্ৰকাৰৰ চৰিত্ৰত অতি দক্ষতাৰে অভিনয় কৰিছিল। == বৈবাহিক জীৱন == [[ব্ৰজনাথ শৰ্মা]]ৰ কহিনুৰ অপেৰাৰ অন্যতম অভিনেত্ৰী বিনদা গগৈক সেই সময়ৰ ৰক্ষণশীল সমাজৰ প্ৰতিবন্ধকতালৈ ভয় নকৰি বিয়া কৰাই চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীয়ে সামাজিক স্বীকৃতি দিছিল। == বঁটা সন্মান স্বীকৃতি == ব্যৱসায়িক যাত্ৰাদলৰ পৰা ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰলৈকে নিজৰ ষাঠী বছৰীয়া অভিনয় জীৱনত চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীয়ে বিভিন্ন বঁটা, সন্মান আৰু স্বীকৃতি লাভ কৰিছে। ইয়াৰ ভিতৰত উল্লেখযোগ্য কেইটামান বটা, সন্মান, স্বীকৃতি এনেধৰণৰ : ১১ জুন, ১৯৭২ চনত [[বৰপেটা জিলা]]ৰ বৰপেটা মিলন মন্দিৰে নাট্য জগতলৈ আগবঢ়োৱা অনবদ্য অৱদানৰ বাবে চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীক আনুষ্ঠানিকভাৱে ''নাট্যসম্ৰাট'' অভিধা প্ৰদান কৰে। ১৯৯৮ চনত অসম চৰকাৰে চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীলৈ মৰণোত্তৰভাৱে আগবঢ়ায় দহ হেজাৰ টকাৰ এককালীন শিল্পী সাহায্য। ১৩ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী, ২০১১ চনত অসম নাট্য সন্মিলন ৪৯ সংখ্যক শিৱসাগৰ অধিৱেশনত মৰণোত্তৰভাৱে চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীক প্ৰদান কৰা হয় ''ব্ৰজনাথ শৰ্মা বঁটা।'' == তথ্য সংগ্ৰহ == 5bba6zcrrioayoevk1d5pvyfqgvzcy2 605896 605881 2026-05-11T17:45:09Z প্ৰিয়াংকু বৰা 45871 তথ্য অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত কৰা হয় 605896 wikitext text/x-wiki '''চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী''' (ইংৰাজী: Chandra Choudhury) অসমৰ এগৰাকী প্ৰসিদ্ধ অভিনেতা আৰু নাট পৰিচালক। [[ব্ৰজনাথ শৰ্মা]] আৰু [[ফণী শৰ্মা]]ৰ সতীৰ্থ সুদক্ষ অভিনেতা চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী অসমৰ নাট্য মঞ্চত সহ অভিনয়ৰ অন্যতম বাটকটীয়া। চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী অসমৰ ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰৰ প্ৰথমগৰাকী নাট পৰিচালক।<ref>ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰৰ ইতিহাস প্ৰথম খণ্ড | লেখক - সংকলক : কিশোৰ কুমাৰ কলিতা | প্ৰকাশক : সদৌ অসম ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰ প্ৰযোজক সংস্থা </ref> ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰত [[প্ৰফুল্ল বৰা]] ৰচিত ''তেজীমলা, অলংকাৰ, দেৱযানী, পাহাৰৰ জুই, স্নেহবন্ধন'' আদি মঞ্চ সফল আৰু জনপ্ৰিয় নাটকসমূহৰ পৰিচালক আৰু মুখ্য অভিনেতা আছিল চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী।<ref>গ্ৰন্থ : ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰ শিল্পীৰ পৃথিৱীত এভূমুকি প্ৰথম কুৰি বছৰ | লেখক : অতুল মজুমদাৰ | প্ৰকাশক : শৰাইঘাট সাহিত্য সমাজ </ref> সত্তৰ আৰু আশীৰ দশকত নাট্যকাৰ প্ৰফুল্ল বৰা আৰু নাট পৰিচালক চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী যুটীয়ে ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰত এক নব্য ধাৰাৰ সূচনা কৰিছিল। ব্যৱসায়িক যাত্ৰাদলৰ পৰা ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰলৈকে নিজৰ ষাঠী বছৰীয়া অভিনয় জীৱনত ছোকৰা, নাৰী চৰিত্ৰ, নায়ক, খলনায়ক আদি সকলো ধৰণৰ চৰিত্ৰত অতি দক্ষতাৰে অভিনয় কৰা নাট্যশিল্পী আছিল চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী।<ref>নটবৰ চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী | লেখক: ৰত্ন ওজা | গ্ৰন্থ : অসমৰ নাট্য ইতিহাসৰ চক্ৰনাভি নাট্যসম্ৰাট চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী | মুখ্য সম্পাদক হিতেশ দত্ত চৌধুৰী | প্ৰকাশক : নাট্যসম্ৰাট চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী স্মৃতি ৰক্ষা সমিতি </ref> ''ব্লেকমাণি, ধৰ্মকাই, উপগ্ৰহ, ব'হাগৰ দুপৰীয়া'' চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী অভিনীত অসমীয়া চলচ্চিত্ৰ। বিভিন্ন বঁটা, সন্মান আৰু স্বীকৃতি লাভ কৰা আজন্ম শিল্পী চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীক ''বৰপেটা মিলন মন্দিৰে'' ১১ জুন, ১৯৭২ চনত আনুষ্ঠানিকভাৱে ''নাট্যসম্ৰাট'' অভিধা প্ৰদান কৰিছিল। ১৯৮৫ চনৰ ৪ ছেপ্টেম্বৰত দেহাৱসান ঘটা নাট্যশিল্পী চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীক অসম নাট্য সন্মিলনৰ ৪৯ সংখ্যক শিৱসাগৰ অধিৱেশনত মৰণোত্তৰভাৱে ''ব্ৰজনাথ শৰ্মা বঁটা'' প্ৰদান কৰা হৈছিল।<ref>গ্ৰন্থ : অসমৰ নাট্য ইতিহাসৰ চক্ৰনাভি নাট্যসম্ৰাট চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী | প্ৰকাশক : নাট্যসম্ৰাট চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী স্মৃতি ৰক্ষা সমিতি </ref> {{infobox writer|name=চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী|image=Chandra Choudhury.jpg|imagesize=|alt=|caption=|pseudonym=|birth_name=|birth_date=২৭ এপ্ৰিল, ১৯১৭ চন|birth_place=পাঠলা গাঁও, ( বৰ্তমানৰ ৩ নম্বৰ ওৱাৰ্ড, [[পাঠশালা]], [[বজালী]] , অসম|death_date=৪ ছেপ্টেম্বৰ, ১৯৮৫|death_place=<nowiki>[[গুৱাহাটী]], </nowiki>[[অসম]]|occupation=নাট্যকাৰ, অভিনেতা|nationality=[[ভাৰত|ভাৰতীয়]]|ethnicity=|citizenship={{flagicon|India}} [[ভাৰত]]|language=[[অসমীয়া ভাষা|অসমীয়া]]|education=|alma_mater=|period=|genre=নাট্য শিল্প|subject=|movement=|notableworks=|spouse=বিনদা গগৈ ( প্ৰথমা পত্নী), গংগাপ্ৰিয়া চৌধুৰী ( দ্বিতীয়া পত্নী)|partner=|children=নগেন চৌধুৰী, মীৰা দত্ত চৌধুৰী|relatives=ৰঘুনাথ চৌধুৰী (পিতৃ) <br/> ভাগ্যেশ্বৰী চৌধুৰী (মাতৃ)|influences=|influenced=|awards=|signature=|signature_alt=|website=}} == প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন == চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীৰ জন্ম হয় ১৯১৭ চনৰ ২৭ এপ্ৰিল তাৰিখে পাঠশালা জিলাৰ পাঠলা গাঁৱত। পিতৃ ৰঘুনাথ চৌধুৰী আৰু মাতৃ ভাগ্যেশ্বৰী চৌধুৰী। দুই পুত্ৰ চন্দ্ৰ আৰু ভোলাৰ শৈশৱ কালতেই অকাল বিয়োগ ঘটে ৰঘুনাথ চৌধুৰীৰ। দুৰ্ভগীয়া মাতৃ ভাগ্যেশ্বৰী চৌধুৰীয়ে অশেষ দুখ কষ্টেৰে দুই পুত্ৰক লালন পালন কৰে। শৈশৱতে চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীয়ে মাতৃ ভাগ্যেশ্বৰীৰ কণ্ঠত বৰগীত, লোকগীত, দেহ বিচাৰৰ গীতৰ সুৰ শুনি শিল্প কলাৰ অনুৰাগী হৈ পৰিছিল। গাঁৱৰ [[নামঘৰ]]ত পাঠকে ভোৰ তাল বজাই নাম গোৱা দেখি ঘৰলৈ আহি ৰাগ টানি নাম গাবলৈ শিকিছিল। সৰস্বতী পূজা, স্থানীয় সভা আদিত যাত্ৰা, গায়ন-বায়নৰ ( কামৰূপীয়া ভাওনা) নাটক চাই আহি ঘৰত লগ সমনীয়া গোটাই মঞ সাজি নাটক কৰিছিল। এনেদৰে শৈশৱতে চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীৰ মনত অংকুৰিত হৈছিল নাট্যশিল্পী হোৱাৰ বাসনা। সেই উদ্দেশ্যে শৈশৱতে সাক্ষাৎ কৰিছিল প্ৰখ্যাত নাট্য শিল্পী সন্তৰাম চৌধুৰীক। == কৰ্ম জীৱন == ১৯১৫ চনত মাত্ৰ আঠ বছৰ বয়সত চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীয়ে সন্তৰাম চৌধুৰীৰ পৰিচালনাত পাঠশালা নাট্য সমিতিৰ মঞ্চত অভিনেতা হিচাপে প্ৰথম প্ৰৱেশ কৰিছিল। অভিনয়াচাৰ্য ব্ৰজনাথ শৰ্মাৰ ব্যৱসায়িক যাত্ৰাদল ''কহিনুৰ অপেৰা'' ৰ এগৰাকী মুখ্য অভিনয় শিল্পী আছিল চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী। ১৯৩৩ চনত ''কহিনুৰ অপেৰাৰ'' জৰিয়তে অসমত প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে ব্যৱসায়িক নাট্য মঞ্চত সহ অভিনয় প্ৰৱৰ্তন কৰা সময়ত ব্ৰজনাথ শৰ্মাৰ সহযোগী আছিল ফণী শৰ্মা আৰু চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী। ''কহিনুৰ অপেৰা'' ফণী শৰ্মাৰ দৰমহা আছিল ২০ টকা আৰু চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীৰ দৰমহা আছিল ৭ টকা। ব্যৱসায়িক যাত্ৰাদলৰ পৰা ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰলৈকে নিজৰ ষাঠী বছৰীয়া অভিনয় জীৱনত চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীয়ে ছোকৰা, নাৰী চৰিত্ৰৰ পৰা নায়ক, খলনায়ক আদি সকলো প্ৰকাৰৰ চৰিত্ৰত অতি দক্ষতাৰে অভিনয় কৰিছিল। == বৈবাহিক জীৱন == [[ব্ৰজনাথ শৰ্মা]]ৰ কহিনুৰ অপেৰাৰ অন্যতম অভিনেত্ৰী বিনদা গগৈক সেই সময়ৰ ৰক্ষণশীল সমাজৰ প্ৰতিবন্ধকতালৈ ভয় নকৰি বিয়া কৰাই চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীয়ে সামাজিক স্বীকৃতি দিছিল। == বঁটা সন্মান স্বীকৃতি == ব্যৱসায়িক যাত্ৰাদলৰ পৰা ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰলৈকে নিজৰ ষাঠী বছৰীয়া অভিনয় জীৱনত চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীয়ে বিভিন্ন বঁটা, সন্মান আৰু স্বীকৃতি লাভ কৰিছে। ইয়াৰ ভিতৰত উল্লেখযোগ্য কেইটামান বটা, সন্মান, স্বীকৃতি এনেধৰণৰ : ১১ জুন, ১৯৭২ চনত [[বৰপেটা জিলা]]ৰ বৰপেটা মিলন মন্দিৰে নাট্য জগতলৈ আগবঢ়োৱা অনবদ্য অৱদানৰ বাবে চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীক আনুষ্ঠানিকভাৱে ''নাট্যসম্ৰাট'' অভিধা প্ৰদান কৰে। ১৯৯৮ চনত অসম চৰকাৰে চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীলৈ মৰণোত্তৰভাৱে আগবঢ়ায় দহ হেজাৰ টকাৰ এককালীন শিল্পী সাহায্য। ১৩ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী, ২০১১ চনত অসম নাট্য সন্মিলন ৪৯ সংখ্যক শিৱসাগৰ অধিৱেশনত মৰণোত্তৰভাৱে চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীক প্ৰদান কৰা হয় ''ব্ৰজনাথ শৰ্মা বঁটা।'' == তথ্য সংগ্ৰহ == gsw3o2zeu614v65oap6jrz7fzncc5hk 605897 605896 2026-05-11T17:46:56Z প্ৰিয়াংকু বৰা 45871 তথ্য অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত কৰা হয় 605897 wikitext text/x-wiki '''চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী''' (ইংৰাজী: Chandra Choudhury) অসমৰ এগৰাকী প্ৰসিদ্ধ অভিনেতা আৰু নাট পৰিচালক। [[ব্ৰজনাথ শৰ্মা]] আৰু [[ফণী শৰ্মা]]ৰ সতীৰ্থ সুদক্ষ অভিনেতা চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী অসমৰ নাট্য মঞ্চত সহ অভিনয়ৰ অন্যতম বাটকটীয়া। চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী অসমৰ ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰৰ প্ৰথমগৰাকী নাট পৰিচালক।<ref>ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰৰ ইতিহাস প্ৰথম খণ্ড | লেখক - সংকলক : কিশোৰ কুমাৰ কলিতা | প্ৰকাশক : সদৌ অসম ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰ প্ৰযোজক সংস্থা </ref> ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰত [[প্ৰফুল্ল বৰা]] ৰচিত ''তেজীমলা, অলংকাৰ, দেৱযানী, পাহাৰৰ জুই, স্নেহবন্ধন'' আদি মঞ্চ সফল আৰু জনপ্ৰিয় নাটকসমূহৰ পৰিচালক আৰু মুখ্য অভিনেতা আছিল চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী।<ref>গ্ৰন্থ : ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰ শিল্পীৰ পৃথিৱীত এভূমুকি প্ৰথম কুৰি বছৰ | লেখক : অতুল মজুমদাৰ | প্ৰকাশক : শৰাইঘাট সাহিত্য সমাজ </ref> সত্তৰ আৰু আশীৰ দশকত নাট্যকাৰ প্ৰফুল্ল বৰা আৰু নাট পৰিচালক চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী যুটীয়ে ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰত এক নব্য ধাৰাৰ সূচনা কৰিছিল। ব্যৱসায়িক যাত্ৰাদলৰ পৰা ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰলৈকে নিজৰ ষাঠী বছৰীয়া অভিনয় জীৱনত ছোকৰা, নাৰী চৰিত্ৰ, নায়ক, খলনায়ক আদি সকলো ধৰণৰ চৰিত্ৰত অতি দক্ষতাৰে অভিনয় কৰা নাট্যশিল্পী আছিল চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী।<ref>নটবৰ চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী | লেখক: ৰত্ন ওজা | গ্ৰন্থ : অসমৰ নাট্য ইতিহাসৰ চক্ৰনাভি নাট্যসম্ৰাট চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী | মুখ্য সম্পাদক হিতেশ দত্ত চৌধুৰী | প্ৰকাশক : নাট্যসম্ৰাট চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী স্মৃতি ৰক্ষা সমিতি </ref> ''ব্লেকমাণি, ধৰ্মকাই, উপগ্ৰহ, ব'হাগৰ দুপৰীয়া'' চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী অভিনীত অসমীয়া চলচ্চিত্ৰ। বিভিন্ন বঁটা, সন্মান আৰু স্বীকৃতি লাভ কৰা আজন্ম শিল্পী চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীক ''বৰপেটা মিলন মন্দিৰে'' ১১ জুন, ১৯৭২ চনত আনুষ্ঠানিকভাৱে ''নাট্যসম্ৰাট'' অভিধা প্ৰদান কৰিছিল। ১৯৮৫ চনৰ ৪ ছেপ্টেম্বৰত দেহাৱসান ঘটা নাট্যশিল্পী চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীক অসম নাট্য সন্মিলনৰ ৪৯ সংখ্যক শিৱসাগৰ অধিৱেশনত মৰণোত্তৰভাৱে ''ব্ৰজনাথ শৰ্মা বঁটা'' প্ৰদান কৰা হৈছিল।<ref>গ্ৰন্থ : অসমৰ নাট্য ইতিহাসৰ চক্ৰনাভি নাট্যসম্ৰাট চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী | প্ৰকাশক : নাট্যসম্ৰাট চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী স্মৃতি ৰক্ষা সমিতি </ref> {{infobox writer|name=চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী|image=Chandra Choudhury.jpg|imagesize=|alt=|caption=|pseudonym=|birth_name=|birth_date=২৭ এপ্ৰিল, ১৯১৭ চন|birth_place=পাঠলা গাঁও, ( বৰ্তমানৰ ৩ নম্বৰ ওৱাৰ্ড, [[পাঠশালা]], [[বজালী]] , অসম|death_date=৪ ছেপ্টেম্বৰ, ১৯৮৫|death_place=<nowiki> গুৱাহাটী, </nowiki>[[অসম]]|occupation=নাট্যকাৰ, অভিনেতা|nationality=[[ভাৰত|ভাৰতীয়]]|ethnicity=|citizenship={{flagicon|India}} [[ভাৰত]]|language=[[অসমীয়া ভাষা|অসমীয়া]]|education=|alma_mater=|period=|genre=নাট্য শিল্প|subject=|movement=|notableworks=|spouse=বিনদা গগৈ ( প্ৰথমা পত্নী), গংগাপ্ৰিয়া চৌধুৰী (দ্বিতীয়া পত্নী)|partner=|children=নগেন চৌধুৰী, মীৰা দত্ত চৌধুৰী|relatives=ৰঘুনাথ চৌধুৰী (পিতৃ) <br/> ভাগ্যেশ্বৰী চৌধুৰী (মাতৃ)|influences=|influenced=|awards=|signature=|signature_alt=|website=}} == প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন == চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীৰ জন্ম হয় ১৯১৭ চনৰ ২৭ এপ্ৰিল তাৰিখে পাঠশালা জিলাৰ পাঠলা গাঁৱত। পিতৃ ৰঘুনাথ চৌধুৰী আৰু মাতৃ ভাগ্যেশ্বৰী চৌধুৰী। দুই পুত্ৰ চন্দ্ৰ আৰু ভোলাৰ শৈশৱ কালতেই অকাল বিয়োগ ঘটে ৰঘুনাথ চৌধুৰীৰ। দুৰ্ভগীয়া মাতৃ ভাগ্যেশ্বৰী চৌধুৰীয়ে অশেষ দুখ কষ্টেৰে দুই পুত্ৰক লালন পালন কৰে। শৈশৱতে চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীয়ে মাতৃ ভাগ্যেশ্বৰীৰ কণ্ঠত বৰগীত, লোকগীত, দেহ বিচাৰৰ গীতৰ সুৰ শুনি শিল্প কলাৰ অনুৰাগী হৈ পৰিছিল। গাঁৱৰ [[নামঘৰ]]ত পাঠকে ভোৰ তাল বজাই নাম গোৱা দেখি ঘৰলৈ আহি ৰাগ টানি নাম গাবলৈ শিকিছিল। সৰস্বতী পূজা, স্থানীয় সভা আদিত যাত্ৰা, গায়ন-বায়নৰ ( কামৰূপীয়া ভাওনা) নাটক চাই আহি ঘৰত লগ সমনীয়া গোটাই মঞ সাজি নাটক কৰিছিল। এনেদৰে শৈশৱতে চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীৰ মনত অংকুৰিত হৈছিল নাট্যশিল্পী হোৱাৰ বাসনা। সেই উদ্দেশ্যে শৈশৱতে সাক্ষাৎ কৰিছিল প্ৰখ্যাত নাট্য শিল্পী সন্তৰাম চৌধুৰীক। == কৰ্ম জীৱন == ১৯১৫ চনত মাত্ৰ আঠ বছৰ বয়সত চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীয়ে সন্তৰাম চৌধুৰীৰ পৰিচালনাত পাঠশালা নাট্য সমিতিৰ মঞ্চত অভিনেতা হিচাপে প্ৰথম প্ৰৱেশ কৰিছিল। অভিনয়াচাৰ্য ব্ৰজনাথ শৰ্মাৰ ব্যৱসায়িক যাত্ৰাদল ''কহিনুৰ অপেৰা'' ৰ এগৰাকী মুখ্য অভিনয় শিল্পী আছিল চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী। ১৯৩৩ চনত ''কহিনুৰ অপেৰাৰ'' জৰিয়তে অসমত প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে ব্যৱসায়িক নাট্য মঞ্চত সহ অভিনয় প্ৰৱৰ্তন কৰা সময়ত ব্ৰজনাথ শৰ্মাৰ সহযোগী আছিল ফণী শৰ্মা আৰু চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী। ''কহিনুৰ অপেৰা'' ফণী শৰ্মাৰ দৰমহা আছিল ২০ টকা আৰু চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীৰ দৰমহা আছিল ৭ টকা। ব্যৱসায়িক যাত্ৰাদলৰ পৰা ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰলৈকে নিজৰ ষাঠী বছৰীয়া অভিনয় জীৱনত চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীয়ে ছোকৰা, নাৰী চৰিত্ৰৰ পৰা নায়ক, খলনায়ক আদি সকলো প্ৰকাৰৰ চৰিত্ৰত অতি দক্ষতাৰে অভিনয় কৰিছিল। == বৈবাহিক জীৱন == [[ব্ৰজনাথ শৰ্মা]]ৰ কহিনুৰ অপেৰাৰ অন্যতম অভিনেত্ৰী বিনদা গগৈক সেই সময়ৰ ৰক্ষণশীল সমাজৰ প্ৰতিবন্ধকতালৈ ভয় নকৰি বিয়া কৰাই চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীয়ে সামাজিক স্বীকৃতি দিছিল। == বঁটা সন্মান স্বীকৃতি == ব্যৱসায়িক যাত্ৰাদলৰ পৰা ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰলৈকে নিজৰ ষাঠী বছৰীয়া অভিনয় জীৱনত চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীয়ে বিভিন্ন বঁটা, সন্মান আৰু স্বীকৃতি লাভ কৰিছে। ইয়াৰ ভিতৰত উল্লেখযোগ্য কেইটামান বটা, সন্মান, স্বীকৃতি এনেধৰণৰ : ১১ জুন, ১৯৭২ চনত [[বৰপেটা জিলা]]ৰ বৰপেটা মিলন মন্দিৰে নাট্য জগতলৈ আগবঢ়োৱা অনবদ্য অৱদানৰ বাবে চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীক আনুষ্ঠানিকভাৱে ''নাট্যসম্ৰাট'' অভিধা প্ৰদান কৰে। ১৯৯৮ চনত অসম চৰকাৰে চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীলৈ মৰণোত্তৰভাৱে আগবঢ়ায় দহ হেজাৰ টকাৰ এককালীন শিল্পী সাহায্য। ১৩ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী, ২০১১ চনত অসম নাট্য সন্মিলন ৪৯ সংখ্যক শিৱসাগৰ অধিৱেশনত মৰণোত্তৰভাৱে চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীক প্ৰদান কৰা হয় ''ব্ৰজনাথ শৰ্মা বঁটা।'' == তথ্য সংগ্ৰহ == f8u5s0xz4gqbyolqtfxq39cvjdxlvbe 605900 605897 2026-05-11T17:57:52Z প্ৰিয়াংকু বৰা 45871 তথ্য অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত কৰা হয় 605900 wikitext text/x-wiki '''চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী''' (ইংৰাজী: Chandra Choudhury) অসমৰ এগৰাকী প্ৰসিদ্ধ অভিনেতা আৰু নাট পৰিচালক। [[ব্ৰজনাথ শৰ্মা]] আৰু [[ফণী শৰ্মা]]ৰ সতীৰ্থ সুদক্ষ অভিনেতা চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী অসমৰ নাট্য মঞ্চত সহ অভিনয়ৰ অন্যতম বাটকটীয়া। চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী অসমৰ ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰৰ প্ৰথমগৰাকী নাট পৰিচালক।<ref>ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰৰ ইতিহাস প্ৰথম খণ্ড | লেখক - সংকলক : কিশোৰ কুমাৰ কলিতা | প্ৰকাশক : সদৌ অসম ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰ প্ৰযোজক সংস্থা </ref> ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰত [[প্ৰফুল্ল বৰা]] ৰচিত ''তেজীমলা, অলংকাৰ, দেৱযানী, পাহাৰৰ জুই, স্নেহবন্ধন'' আদি মঞ্চ সফল আৰু জনপ্ৰিয় নাটকসমূহৰ পৰিচালক আৰু মুখ্য অভিনেতা আছিল চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী।<ref>গ্ৰন্থ : ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰ শিল্পীৰ পৃথিৱীত এভূমুকি প্ৰথম কুৰি বছৰ | লেখক : অতুল মজুমদাৰ | প্ৰকাশক : শৰাইঘাট সাহিত্য সমাজ </ref> সত্তৰ আৰু আশীৰ দশকত নাট্যকাৰ প্ৰফুল্ল বৰা আৰু নাট পৰিচালক চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী যুটীয়ে ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰত এক নব্য ধাৰাৰ সূচনা কৰিছিল। ব্যৱসায়িক যাত্ৰাদলৰ পৰা ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰলৈকে নিজৰ ষাঠী বছৰীয়া অভিনয় জীৱনত ছোকৰা, নাৰী চৰিত্ৰ, নায়ক, খলনায়ক আদি সকলো ধৰণৰ চৰিত্ৰত অতি দক্ষতাৰে অভিনয় কৰা নাট্যশিল্পী আছিল চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী।<ref>নটবৰ চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী | লেখক: ৰত্ন ওজা | গ্ৰন্থ : অসমৰ নাট্য ইতিহাসৰ চক্ৰনাভি নাট্যসম্ৰাট চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী | মুখ্য সম্পাদক হিতেশ দত্ত চৌধুৰী | প্ৰকাশক : নাট্যসম্ৰাট চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী স্মৃতি ৰক্ষা সমিতি </ref> ''ব্লেকমাণি, ধৰ্মকাই, উপগ্ৰহ, ব'হাগৰ দুপৰীয়া'' চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী অভিনীত অসমীয়া চলচ্চিত্ৰ। বিভিন্ন বঁটা, সন্মান আৰু স্বীকৃতি লাভ কৰা আজন্ম শিল্পী চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীক ''বৰপেটা মিলন মন্দিৰে'' ১১ জুন, ১৯৭২ চনত আনুষ্ঠানিকভাৱে ''নাট্যসম্ৰাট'' অভিধা প্ৰদান কৰিছিল। ১৯৮৫ চনৰ ৪ ছেপ্টেম্বৰত দেহাৱসান ঘটা নাট্যশিল্পী চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীক অসম নাট্য সন্মিলনৰ ৪৯ সংখ্যক শিৱসাগৰ অধিৱেশনত মৰণোত্তৰভাৱে ''ব্ৰজনাথ শৰ্মা বঁটা'' প্ৰদান কৰা হৈছিল।<ref>গ্ৰন্থ : অসমৰ নাট্য ইতিহাসৰ চক্ৰনাভি নাট্যসম্ৰাট চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী | প্ৰকাশক : নাট্যসম্ৰাট চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী স্মৃতি ৰক্ষা সমিতি </ref> {{infobox writer|name=চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী|image=Chandra Choudhury.jpg|imagesize=|alt=|caption=|pseudonym=|birth_name=|birth_date=২৭ এপ্ৰিল, ১৯১৭ চন|birth_place=পাঠলা গাঁও, ( বৰ্তমানৰ ৩ নম্বৰ ওৱাৰ্ড, [[পাঠশালা]], [[বজালী]] , অসম|death_date=৪ ছেপ্টেম্বৰ, ১৯৮৫|death_place=<nowiki> গুৱাহাটী, </nowiki>[[অসম]]|occupation=নাট্যকাৰ, অভিনেতা|nationality=[[ভাৰত|ভাৰতীয়]]|ethnicity=|citizenship={{flagicon|India}} [[ভাৰত]]|language=[[অসমীয়া ভাষা|অসমীয়া]]|education=|alma_mater=|period=|genre=নাট্য শিল্প|subject=|movement=|notableworks=|spouse=বিনদা গগৈ ( প্ৰথমা পত্নী), গংগাপ্ৰিয়া চৌধুৰী (দ্বিতীয়া পত্নী)|partner=|children=নগেন চৌধুৰী, মীৰা দত্ত চৌধুৰী|relatives=ৰঘুনাথ চৌধুৰী (পিতৃ) <br/> ভাগ্যেশ্বৰী চৌধুৰী (মাতৃ)|influences=|influenced=|awards=|signature=|signature_alt=|website=}} == প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন == চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীৰ জন্ম হয় ১৯১৭ চনৰ ২৭ এপ্ৰিল তাৰিখে পাঠশালা জিলাৰ পাঠলা গাঁৱত। পিতৃ ৰঘুনাথ চৌধুৰী আৰু মাতৃ ভাগ্যেশ্বৰী চৌধুৰী। দুই পুত্ৰ চন্দ্ৰ আৰু ভোলাৰ শৈশৱ কালতেই অকাল বিয়োগ ঘটে ৰঘুনাথ চৌধুৰীৰ। দুৰ্ভগীয়া মাতৃ ভাগ্যেশ্বৰী চৌধুৰীয়ে অশেষ দুখ কষ্টেৰে দুই পুত্ৰক লালন পালন কৰে। শৈশৱতে চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীয়ে মাতৃ ভাগ্যেশ্বৰীৰ কণ্ঠত বৰগীত, লোকগীত, দেহ বিচাৰৰ গীতৰ সুৰ শুনি শিল্প কলাৰ অনুৰাগী হৈ পৰিছিল। গাঁৱৰ [[নামঘৰ]]ত পাঠকে ভোৰ তাল বজাই নাম গোৱা দেখি ঘৰলৈ আহি ৰাগ টানি নাম গাবলৈ শিকিছিল। সৰস্বতী পূজা, স্থানীয় সভা আদিত যাত্ৰা, গায়ন-বায়নৰ ( কামৰূপীয়া ভাওনা) নাটক চাই আহি ঘৰত লগ সমনীয়া গোটাই মঞ সাজি নাটক কৰিছিল। এনেদৰে শৈশৱতে চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীৰ মনত অংকুৰিত হৈছিল নাট্যশিল্পী হোৱাৰ বাসনা। সেই উদ্দেশ্যে শৈশৱতে সাক্ষাৎ কৰিছিল প্ৰখ্যাত নাট্য শিল্পী সন্তৰাম চৌধুৰীক। == কৰ্ম জীৱন == ১৯১৫ চনত মাত্ৰ আঠ বছৰ বয়সত চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীয়ে সন্তৰাম চৌধুৰীৰ পৰিচালনাত পাঠশালা নাট্য সমিতিৰ মঞ্চত অভিনেতা হিচাপে প্ৰথম প্ৰৱেশ কৰিছিল। ১৯৩১ চনত চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীয়ে সৰভোগৰ অভিনয়াচাৰ্য ব্ৰজনাথ শৰ্মাই সেই বছৰতে জন্ম দিয়া ''ডি অল আসাম ইউনিয়ন কোহিনুৰ অপেৰা পাৰ্টি'' ত যোগদান কৰে।<ref>গ্ৰন্থ : চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী | লেখিকা : মীৰা দত্ত চৌধুৰী | প্ৰকাশক : গতি অসম</ref> ব্যৱসায়িক যাত্ৰাদল ''কহিনুৰ অপেৰা'' ৰ এগৰাকী মুখ্য অভিনয় শিল্পী আছিল চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী। ১৯৩৩ চনত ''কহিনুৰ অপেৰাৰ'' জৰিয়তে অসমত প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে ব্যৱসায়িক নাট্য মঞ্চত সহ অভিনয় প্ৰৱৰ্তন কৰা সময়ত ব্ৰজনাথ শৰ্মাৰ সহযোগী আছিল ফণী শৰ্মা আৰু চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী। ''কহিনুৰ অপেৰা'' ফণী শৰ্মাৰ দৰমহা আছিল ২০ টকা আৰু চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীৰ দৰমহা আছিল ৭ টকা। ব্যৱসায়িক যাত্ৰাদলৰ পৰা ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰলৈকে নিজৰ ষাঠী বছৰীয়া অভিনয় জীৱনত চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীয়ে ছোকৰা, নাৰী চৰিত্ৰৰ পৰা নায়ক, খলনায়ক আদি সকলো প্ৰকাৰৰ চৰিত্ৰত অতি দক্ষতাৰে অভিনয় কৰিছিল। == বৈবাহিক জীৱন == [[ব্ৰজনাথ শৰ্মা]]ৰ কহিনুৰ অপেৰাৰ অন্যতম অভিনেত্ৰী বিনদা গগৈক সেই সময়ৰ ৰক্ষণশীল সমাজৰ প্ৰতিবন্ধকতালৈ ভয় নকৰি বিয়া কৰাই চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীয়ে সামাজিক স্বীকৃতি দিছিল। == বঁটা সন্মান স্বীকৃতি == ব্যৱসায়িক যাত্ৰাদলৰ পৰা ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰলৈকে নিজৰ ষাঠী বছৰীয়া অভিনয় জীৱনত চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীয়ে বিভিন্ন বঁটা, সন্মান আৰু স্বীকৃতি লাভ কৰিছে। ইয়াৰ ভিতৰত উল্লেখযোগ্য কেইটামান বটা, সন্মান, স্বীকৃতি এনেধৰণৰ : ১১ জুন, ১৯৭২ চনত [[বৰপেটা জিলা]]ৰ বৰপেটা মিলন মন্দিৰে নাট্য জগতলৈ আগবঢ়োৱা অনবদ্য অৱদানৰ বাবে চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীক আনুষ্ঠানিকভাৱে ''নাট্যসম্ৰাট'' অভিধা প্ৰদান কৰে। ১৯৯৮ চনত অসম চৰকাৰে চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীলৈ মৰণোত্তৰভাৱে আগবঢ়ায় দহ হেজাৰ টকাৰ এককালীন শিল্পী সাহায্য। ১৩ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী, ২০১১ চনত অসম নাট্য সন্মিলন ৪৯ সংখ্যক শিৱসাগৰ অধিৱেশনত মৰণোত্তৰভাৱে চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীক প্ৰদান কৰা হয় ''ব্ৰজনাথ শৰ্মা বঁটা।'' == তথ্য সংগ্ৰহ == jbo663ako0c9mbvjobtq2z1tximlmk7 605906 605900 2026-05-11T18:13:30Z প্ৰিয়াংকু বৰা 45871 তথ্য অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত কৰা হয় 605906 wikitext text/x-wiki '''চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী''' (ইংৰাজী: Chandra Choudhury) অসমৰ এগৰাকী প্ৰসিদ্ধ অভিনেতা আৰু নাট পৰিচালক। [[ব্ৰজনাথ শৰ্মা]] আৰু [[ফণী শৰ্মা]]ৰ সতীৰ্থ সুদক্ষ অভিনেতা চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী অসমৰ নাট্য মঞ্চত সহ অভিনয়ৰ অন্যতম বাটকটীয়া। চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী অসমৰ ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰৰ প্ৰথমগৰাকী নাট পৰিচালক।<ref>ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰৰ ইতিহাস প্ৰথম খণ্ড | লেখক - সংকলক : কিশোৰ কুমাৰ কলিতা | প্ৰকাশক : সদৌ অসম ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰ প্ৰযোজক সংস্থা </ref> ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰত [[প্ৰফুল্ল বৰা]] ৰচিত ''তেজীমলা, অলংকাৰ, দেৱযানী, পাহাৰৰ জুই, স্নেহবন্ধন'' আদি মঞ্চ সফল আৰু জনপ্ৰিয় নাটকসমূহৰ পৰিচালক আৰু মুখ্য অভিনেতা আছিল চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী।<ref>গ্ৰন্থ : ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰ শিল্পীৰ পৃথিৱীত এভূমুকি প্ৰথম কুৰি বছৰ | লেখক : অতুল মজুমদাৰ | প্ৰকাশক : শৰাইঘাট সাহিত্য সমাজ </ref> সত্তৰ আৰু আশীৰ দশকত নাট্যকাৰ প্ৰফুল্ল বৰা আৰু নাট পৰিচালক চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী যুটীয়ে ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰত এক নব্য ধাৰাৰ সূচনা কৰিছিল। ব্যৱসায়িক যাত্ৰাদলৰ পৰা ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰলৈকে নিজৰ ষাঠী বছৰীয়া অভিনয় জীৱনত ছোকৰা, নাৰী চৰিত্ৰ, নায়ক, খলনায়ক আদি সকলো ধৰণৰ চৰিত্ৰত অতি দক্ষতাৰে অভিনয় কৰা নাট্যশিল্পী আছিল চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী।<ref>নটবৰ চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী | লেখক: ৰত্ন ওজা | গ্ৰন্থ : অসমৰ নাট্য ইতিহাসৰ চক্ৰনাভি নাট্যসম্ৰাট চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী | মুখ্য সম্পাদক হিতেশ দত্ত চৌধুৰী | প্ৰকাশক : নাট্যসম্ৰাট চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী স্মৃতি ৰক্ষা সমিতি </ref> ''ব্লেকমাণি, ধৰ্মকাই, উপগ্ৰহ, ব'হাগৰ দুপৰীয়া'' চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী অভিনীত অসমীয়া চলচ্চিত্ৰ। বিভিন্ন বঁটা, সন্মান আৰু স্বীকৃতি লাভ কৰা আজন্ম শিল্পী চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীক ''বৰপেটা মিলন মন্দিৰে'' ১১ জুন, ১৯৭২ চনত আনুষ্ঠানিকভাৱে ''নাট্যসম্ৰাট'' অভিধা প্ৰদান কৰিছিল। ১৯৮৫ চনৰ ৪ ছেপ্টেম্বৰত দেহাৱসান ঘটা নাট্যশিল্পী চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীক অসম নাট্য সন্মিলনৰ ৪৯ সংখ্যক শিৱসাগৰ অধিৱেশনত মৰণোত্তৰভাৱে ''ব্ৰজনাথ শৰ্মা বঁটা'' প্ৰদান কৰা হৈছিল। প্ৰয়াত নাট্যশিল্পী চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীৰ স্মৃতি যুগমীয়া কৰিবলৈ তথা শিল্পীগৰাকীৰ কৰ্মৰাজিৰ প্ৰচাৰ আৰু প্ৰসাৰৰ উদ্দেশ্যে নাট্যসম্ৰাট চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী স্মৃতি ৰক্ষা সমিতিয়ে ইতিমধ্যে প্ৰকাশ কৰি উলিয়াইছে ''অসমৰ নাট্য ইতিহাসৰ চক্ৰনাভি নাট্যসম্ৰাট চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী'' গ্ৰন্থখন।<ref>গ্ৰন্থ : ক'ত হেৰাল কাঁথিৰ জুইকুৰা | লেখক : মীৰা দত্ত চৌধুৰী | প্ৰকাশক : লেখিকা সংস্থা অসম, মঙলদৈ শাখা</ref> {{infobox writer|name=চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী|image=Chandra Choudhury.jpg|imagesize=|alt=|caption=|pseudonym=|birth_name=|birth_date=২৭ এপ্ৰিল, ১৯১৭ চন|birth_place=পাঠলা গাঁও, ( বৰ্তমানৰ ৩ নম্বৰ ওৱাৰ্ড, [[পাঠশালা]], [[বজালী]] , অসম|death_date=৪ ছেপ্টেম্বৰ, ১৯৮৫|death_place=<nowiki> গুৱাহাটী, </nowiki>[[অসম]]|occupation=নাট্যকাৰ, অভিনেতা|nationality=[[ভাৰত|ভাৰতীয়]]|ethnicity=|citizenship={{flagicon|India}} [[ভাৰত]]|language=[[অসমীয়া ভাষা|অসমীয়া]]|education=|alma_mater=|period=|genre=নাট্য শিল্প|subject=|movement=|notableworks=|spouse=বিনদা গগৈ ( প্ৰথমা পত্নী), গংগাপ্ৰিয়া চৌধুৰী (দ্বিতীয়া পত্নী)|partner=|children=নগেন চৌধুৰী, মীৰা দত্ত চৌধুৰী|relatives=ৰঘুনাথ চৌধুৰী (পিতৃ) <br/> ভাগ্যেশ্বৰী চৌধুৰী (মাতৃ)|influences=|influenced=|awards=|signature=|signature_alt=|website=}} == প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন == চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীৰ জন্ম হয় ১৯১৭ চনৰ ২৭ এপ্ৰিল তাৰিখে পাঠশালা জিলাৰ পাঠলা গাঁৱত। পিতৃ ৰঘুনাথ চৌধুৰী আৰু মাতৃ ভাগ্যেশ্বৰী চৌধুৰী। দুই পুত্ৰ চন্দ্ৰ আৰু ভোলাৰ শৈশৱ কালতেই অকাল বিয়োগ ঘটে ৰঘুনাথ চৌধুৰীৰ। দুৰ্ভগীয়া মাতৃ ভাগ্যেশ্বৰী চৌধুৰীয়ে অশেষ দুখ কষ্টেৰে দুই পুত্ৰক লালন পালন কৰে। শৈশৱতে চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীয়ে মাতৃ ভাগ্যেশ্বৰীৰ কণ্ঠত বৰগীত, লোকগীত, দেহ বিচাৰৰ গীতৰ সুৰ শুনি শিল্প কলাৰ অনুৰাগী হৈ পৰিছিল। গাঁৱৰ [[নামঘৰ]]ত পাঠকে ভোৰ তাল বজাই নাম গোৱা দেখি ঘৰলৈ আহি ৰাগ টানি নাম গাবলৈ শিকিছিল। সৰস্বতী পূজা, স্থানীয় সভা আদিত যাত্ৰা, গায়ন-বায়নৰ ( কামৰূপীয়া ভাওনা) নাটক চাই আহি ঘৰত লগ সমনীয়া গোটাই মঞ সাজি নাটক কৰিছিল। এনেদৰে শৈশৱতে চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীৰ মনত অংকুৰিত হৈছিল নাট্যশিল্পী হোৱাৰ বাসনা। সেই উদ্দেশ্যে শৈশৱতে সাক্ষাৎ কৰিছিল প্ৰখ্যাত নাট্য শিল্পী সন্তৰাম চৌধুৰীক। == কৰ্ম জীৱন == ১৯১৫ চনত মাত্ৰ আঠ বছৰ বয়সত চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীয়ে সন্তৰাম চৌধুৰীৰ পৰিচালনাত পাঠশালা নাট্য সমিতিৰ মঞ্চত অভিনেতা হিচাপে প্ৰথম প্ৰৱেশ কৰিছিল। ১৯৩১ চনত চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীয়ে সৰভোগৰ অভিনয়াচাৰ্য ব্ৰজনাথ শৰ্মাই সেই বছৰতে জন্ম দিয়া ''ডি অল আসাম ইউনিয়ন কোহিনুৰ অপেৰা পাৰ্টি'' ত যোগদান কৰে।<ref>গ্ৰন্থ : চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী | লেখিকা : মীৰা দত্ত চৌধুৰী | প্ৰকাশক : গতি অসম</ref> ব্যৱসায়িক যাত্ৰাদল ''কহিনুৰ অপেৰা'' ৰ এগৰাকী মুখ্য অভিনয় শিল্পী আছিল চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী। ১৯৩৩ চনত ''কহিনুৰ অপেৰাৰ'' জৰিয়তে অসমত প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে ব্যৱসায়িক নাট্য মঞ্চত সহ অভিনয় প্ৰৱৰ্তন কৰা সময়ত ব্ৰজনাথ শৰ্মাৰ সহযোগী আছিল ফণী শৰ্মা আৰু চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী। ''কহিনুৰ অপেৰা'' ফণী শৰ্মাৰ দৰমহা আছিল ২০ টকা আৰু চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীৰ দৰমহা আছিল ৭ টকা। ব্যৱসায়িক যাত্ৰাদলৰ পৰা ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰলৈকে নিজৰ ষাঠী বছৰীয়া অভিনয় জীৱনত চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীয়ে ছোকৰা, নাৰী চৰিত্ৰৰ পৰা নায়ক, খলনায়ক আদি সকলো প্ৰকাৰৰ চৰিত্ৰত অতি দক্ষতাৰে অভিনয় কৰিছিল। == বৈবাহিক জীৱন == [[ব্ৰজনাথ শৰ্মা]]ৰ কহিনুৰ অপেৰাৰ অন্যতম অভিনেত্ৰী বিনদা গগৈক সেই সময়ৰ ৰক্ষণশীল সমাজৰ প্ৰতিবন্ধকতালৈ ভয় নকৰি বিয়া কৰাই চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীয়ে সামাজিক স্বীকৃতি দিছিল। == বঁটা সন্মান স্বীকৃতি == ব্যৱসায়িক যাত্ৰাদলৰ পৰা ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰলৈকে নিজৰ ষাঠী বছৰীয়া অভিনয় জীৱনত চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীয়ে বিভিন্ন বঁটা, সন্মান আৰু স্বীকৃতি লাভ কৰিছে। ইয়াৰ ভিতৰত উল্লেখযোগ্য কেইটামান বটা, সন্মান, স্বীকৃতি এনেধৰণৰ : ১১ জুন, ১৯৭২ চনত [[বৰপেটা জিলা]]ৰ বৰপেটা মিলন মন্দিৰে নাট্য জগতলৈ আগবঢ়োৱা অনবদ্য অৱদানৰ বাবে চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীক আনুষ্ঠানিকভাৱে ''নাট্যসম্ৰাট'' অভিধা প্ৰদান কৰে। ১৯৯৮ চনত অসম চৰকাৰে চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীলৈ মৰণোত্তৰভাৱে আগবঢ়ায় দহ হেজাৰ টকাৰ এককালীন শিল্পী সাহায্য। ১৩ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী, ২০১১ চনত অসম নাট্য সন্মিলন ৪৯ সংখ্যক শিৱসাগৰ অধিৱেশনত মৰণোত্তৰভাৱে চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীক প্ৰদান কৰা হয় ''ব্ৰজনাথ শৰ্মা বঁটা।'' == তথ্য সংগ্ৰহ == 3e7j3vkm5shsphybe4gujhg57f5g54a 605907 605906 2026-05-11T18:16:04Z প্ৰিয়াংকু বৰা 45871 তথ্য অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত কৰা হয় 605907 wikitext text/x-wiki '''চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী''' (ইংৰাজী: Chandra Choudhury) অসমৰ এগৰাকী প্ৰসিদ্ধ অভিনেতা আৰু নাট পৰিচালক। [[ব্ৰজনাথ শৰ্মা]] আৰু [[ফণী শৰ্মা]]ৰ সতীৰ্থ সুদক্ষ অভিনেতা চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী অসমৰ নাট্য মঞ্চত সহ অভিনয়ৰ অন্যতম বাটকটীয়া। চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী অসমৰ ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰৰ প্ৰথমগৰাকী নাট পৰিচালক।<ref>ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰৰ ইতিহাস প্ৰথম খণ্ড | লেখক - সংকলক : কিশোৰ কুমাৰ কলিতা | প্ৰকাশক : সদৌ অসম ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰ প্ৰযোজক সংস্থা </ref> ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰত [[প্ৰফুল্ল বৰা]] ৰচিত ''তেজীমলা, অলংকাৰ, দেৱযানী, পাহাৰৰ জুই, স্নেহবন্ধন'' আদি মঞ্চ সফল আৰু জনপ্ৰিয় নাটকসমূহৰ পৰিচালক আৰু মুখ্য অভিনেতা আছিল চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী।<ref>গ্ৰন্থ : ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰ শিল্পীৰ পৃথিৱীত এভূমুকি প্ৰথম কুৰি বছৰ | লেখক : অতুল মজুমদাৰ | প্ৰকাশক : শৰাইঘাট সাহিত্য সমাজ </ref> সত্তৰ আৰু আশীৰ দশকত নাট্যকাৰ প্ৰফুল্ল বৰা আৰু নাট পৰিচালক চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী যুটীয়ে ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰত এক নব্য ধাৰাৰ সূচনা কৰিছিল। ব্যৱসায়িক যাত্ৰাদলৰ পৰা ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰলৈকে নিজৰ ষাঠী বছৰীয়া অভিনয় জীৱনত ছোকৰা, নাৰী চৰিত্ৰ, নায়ক, খলনায়ক আদি সকলো ধৰণৰ চৰিত্ৰত অতি দক্ষতাৰে অভিনয় কৰা নাট্যশিল্পী আছিল চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী।<ref>নটবৰ চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী | লেখক: ৰত্ন ওজা | গ্ৰন্থ : অসমৰ নাট্য ইতিহাসৰ চক্ৰনাভি নাট্যসম্ৰাট চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী | মুখ্য সম্পাদক হিতেশ দত্ত চৌধুৰী | প্ৰকাশক : নাট্যসম্ৰাট চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী স্মৃতি ৰক্ষা সমিতি </ref> ''ব্লেকমাণি, ধৰ্মকাই, উপগ্ৰহ, ব'হাগৰ দুপৰীয়া'' চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী অভিনীত অসমীয়া চলচ্চিত্ৰ। বিভিন্ন বঁটা, সন্মান আৰু স্বীকৃতি লাভ কৰা আজন্ম শিল্পী চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীক ''বৰপেটা মিলন মন্দিৰে'' ১১ জুন, ১৯৭২ চনত আনুষ্ঠানিকভাৱে ''নাট্যসম্ৰাট'' অভিধা প্ৰদান কৰিছিল। ১৯৮৫ চনৰ ৪ ছেপ্টেম্বৰত দেহাৱসান ঘটা নাট্যশিল্পী চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীক অসম নাট্য সন্মিলনৰ ৪৯ সংখ্যক শিৱসাগৰ অধিৱেশনত মৰণোত্তৰভাৱে ''ব্ৰজনাথ শৰ্মা বঁটা'' প্ৰদান কৰা হৈছিল। প্ৰয়াত নাট্যশিল্পী চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীৰ স্মৃতি যুগমীয়া কৰিবলৈ তথা শিল্পীগৰাকীৰ কৰ্মৰাজিৰ প্ৰচাৰ আৰু প্ৰসাৰৰ উদ্দেশ্যে নাট্যসম্ৰাট চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী স্মৃতি ৰক্ষা সমিতিয়ে ইতিমধ্যে প্ৰকাশ কৰি উলিয়াইছে ''অসমৰ নাট্য ইতিহাসৰ চক্ৰনাভি নাট্যসম্ৰাট চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী'' গ্ৰন্থখন।<ref>গ্ৰন্থ : ক'ত হেৰাল কাঁথিৰ জুইকুৰা | লেখক : মীৰা দত্ত চৌধুৰী | প্ৰকাশক : লেখিকা সংস্থা অসম, মঙলদৈ শাখা</ref> {{infobox writer|name=চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী|image=Chandra Choudhury.jpg|imagesize=|alt=|caption=|pseudonym=|birth_name=|birth_date=২৭ এপ্ৰিল, ১৯১৭ চন|birth_place=পাঠলা গাঁও, ( বৰ্তমানৰ ৩ নম্বৰ ওৱাৰ্ড, [[পাঠশালা]], [[বজালী]] , অসম|death_date=৪ ছেপ্টেম্বৰ, ১৯৮৫|death_place=<nowiki> গুৱাহাটী, </nowiki>[[অসম]]|occupation=নাট্যকাৰ, অভিনেতা|nationality=[[ভাৰত|ভাৰতীয়]]|ethnicity=|citizenship={{flagicon|India}} [[ভাৰত]]|language=[[অসমীয়া ভাষা|অসমীয়া]]|education=|alma_mater=|period=|genre=নাট্য শিল্প|subject=|movement=|notableworks=|spouse=বিনদা গগৈ ( প্ৰথমা পত্নী), গংগাপ্ৰিয়া চৌধুৰী (দ্বিতীয়া পত্নী)|partner=|children=নগেন চৌধুৰী, মীৰা দত্ত চৌধুৰী|relatives=ৰঘুনাথ চৌধুৰী (পিতৃ) <br/> ভাগ্যেশ্বৰী চৌধুৰী (মাতৃ)|influences=|influenced=|awards=|signature=|signature_alt=|website=}} == প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন == চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীৰ জন্ম হয় ১৯১৭ চনৰ ২৭ এপ্ৰিল তাৰিখে পাঠশালা জিলাৰ পাঠলা গাঁৱত। পিতৃ ৰঘুনাথ চৌধুৰী আৰু মাতৃ ভাগ্যেশ্বৰী চৌধুৰী। দুই পুত্ৰ চন্দ্ৰ আৰু ভোলাৰ শৈশৱ কালতেই অকাল বিয়োগ ঘটে ৰঘুনাথ চৌধুৰীৰ। দুৰ্ভগীয়া মাতৃ ভাগ্যেশ্বৰী চৌধুৰীয়ে অশেষ দুখ কষ্টেৰে দুই পুত্ৰক লালন পালন কৰে। শৈশৱতে চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীয়ে মাতৃ ভাগ্যেশ্বৰীৰ কণ্ঠত বৰগীত, লোকগীত, দেহ বিচাৰৰ গীতৰ সুৰ শুনি শিল্প কলাৰ অনুৰাগী হৈ পৰিছিল। গাঁৱৰ [[নামঘৰ]]ত পাঠকে ভোৰ তাল বজাই নাম গোৱা দেখি ঘৰলৈ আহি ৰাগ টানি নাম গাবলৈ শিকিছিল। সৰস্বতী পূজা, স্থানীয় সভা আদিত যাত্ৰা, গায়ন-বায়নৰ ( কামৰূপীয়া ভাওনা) নাটক চাই আহি ঘৰত লগ সমনীয়া গোটাই মঞ সাজি নাটক কৰিছিল। এনেদৰে শৈশৱতে চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীৰ মনত অংকুৰিত হৈছিল নাট্যশিল্পী হোৱাৰ বাসনা। সেই উদ্দেশ্যে শৈশৱতে সাক্ষাৎ কৰিছিল প্ৰখ্যাত নাট্য শিল্পী সন্তৰাম চৌধুৰীক। == কৰ্ম জীৱন == ১৯১৫ চনত মাত্ৰ আঠ বছৰ বয়সত চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীয়ে সন্তৰাম চৌধুৰীৰ পৰিচালনাত পাঠশালা নাট্য সমিতিৰ মঞ্চত অভিনেতা হিচাপে প্ৰথম প্ৰৱেশ কৰিছিল। ১৯৩১ চনত চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীয়ে সৰভোগৰ অভিনয়াচাৰ্য ব্ৰজনাথ শৰ্মাই সেই বছৰতে জন্ম দিয়া ''ডি অল আসাম ইউনিয়ন কোহিনুৰ অপেৰা পাৰ্টি'' ত যোগদান কৰে।<ref>গ্ৰন্থ : চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী | লেখিকা : মীৰা দত্ত চৌধুৰী | প্ৰকাশক : গতি অসম</ref> ব্যৱসায়িক যাত্ৰাদল ''কহিনুৰ অপেৰা'' ৰ এগৰাকী মুখ্য অভিনয় শিল্পী আছিল চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী। ১৯৩৩ চনত ''কহিনুৰ অপেৰাৰ'' জৰিয়তে অসমত প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে ব্যৱসায়িক নাট্য মঞ্চত সহ অভিনয় প্ৰৱৰ্তন কৰা সময়ত ব্ৰজনাথ শৰ্মাৰ সহযোগী আছিল ফণী শৰ্মা আৰু চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী। ''কহিনুৰ অপেৰা'' ফণী শৰ্মাৰ দৰমহা আছিল ২০ টকা আৰু চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীৰ দৰমহা আছিল ৭ টকা। ব্যৱসায়িক যাত্ৰাদলৰ পৰা ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰলৈকে নিজৰ ষাঠী বছৰীয়া অভিনয় জীৱনত চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীয়ে ছোকৰা, নাৰী চৰিত্ৰৰ পৰা নায়ক, খলনায়ক আদি সকলো প্ৰকাৰৰ চৰিত্ৰত অতি দক্ষতাৰে অভিনয় কৰিছিল। == বৈবাহিক জীৱন == [[ব্ৰজনাথ শৰ্মা]]ৰ কহিনুৰ অপেৰাৰ অন্যতম অভিনেত্ৰী বিনদা গগৈক সেই সময়ৰ ৰক্ষণশীল সমাজৰ প্ৰতিবন্ধকতালৈ ভয় নকৰি বিয়া কৰাই চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীয়ে সামাজিক স্বীকৃতি দিছিল। == বঁটা সন্মান স্বীকৃতি == ব্যৱসায়িক যাত্ৰাদলৰ পৰা ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰলৈকে নিজৰ ষাঠী বছৰীয়া অভিনয় জীৱনত চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীয়ে বিভিন্ন বঁটা, সন্মান আৰু স্বীকৃতি লাভ কৰিছে। ইয়াৰ ভিতৰত উল্লেখযোগ্য কেইটামান বটা, সন্মান, স্বীকৃতি এনেধৰণৰ : ১১ জুন, ১৯৭২ চনত [[বৰপেটা জিলা]]ৰ বৰপেটা মিলন মন্দিৰে নাট্য জগতলৈ আগবঢ়োৱা অনবদ্য অৱদানৰ বাবে চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীক আনুষ্ঠানিকভাৱে ''নাট্যসম্ৰাট'' অভিধা প্ৰদান কৰে। ১৯৯৮ চনত অসম চৰকাৰে চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীলৈ মৰণোত্তৰভাৱে আগবঢ়ায় দহ হেজাৰ টকাৰ এককালীন শিল্পী সাহায্য। ১৩ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী, ২০১১ চনত অসম নাট্য সন্মিলন ৪৯ সংখ্যক শিৱসাগৰ অধিৱেশনত মৰণোত্তৰভাৱে চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীক প্ৰদান কৰা হয় ''ব্ৰজনাথ শৰ্মা বঁটা।''<ref>গ্ৰন্থ : অসমৰ নাট্য ইতিহাসৰ চক্ৰনাভি নাট্যসম্ৰাট চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী | মুখ্য সম্পাদক: হিতেশ দত্ত | প্ৰকাশক : নাট্যসম্ৰাট চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী স্মৃতি ৰক্ষা সমিতি </ref> == তথ্য সংগ্ৰহ == 29wkcjvrj12r2gxd3s23tk4hbx0583q 605909 605907 2026-05-11T18:22:39Z প্ৰিয়াংকু বৰা 45871 তথ্য অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত কৰা হয় 605909 wikitext text/x-wiki '''চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী''' (ইংৰাজী: Chandra Choudhury) অসমৰ এগৰাকী প্ৰসিদ্ধ অভিনেতা আৰু নাট পৰিচালক। [[ব্ৰজনাথ শৰ্মা]] আৰু [[ফণী শৰ্মা]]ৰ সতীৰ্থ সুদক্ষ অভিনেতা চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী অসমৰ নাট্য মঞ্চত সহ অভিনয়ৰ অন্যতম বাটকটীয়া। চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী অসমৰ ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰৰ প্ৰথমগৰাকী নাট পৰিচালক।<ref>ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰৰ ইতিহাস প্ৰথম খণ্ড | লেখক - সংকলক : কিশোৰ কুমাৰ কলিতা | প্ৰকাশক : সদৌ অসম ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰ প্ৰযোজক সংস্থা </ref> ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰত [[প্ৰফুল্ল বৰা]] ৰচিত ''তেজীমলা, অলংকাৰ, দেৱযানী, পাহাৰৰ জুই, স্নেহবন্ধন'' আদি মঞ্চ সফল আৰু জনপ্ৰিয় নাটকসমূহৰ পৰিচালক আৰু মুখ্য অভিনেতা আছিল চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী।<ref>গ্ৰন্থ : ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰ শিল্পীৰ পৃথিৱীত এভূমুকি প্ৰথম কুৰি বছৰ | লেখক : অতুল মজুমদাৰ | প্ৰকাশক : শৰাইঘাট সাহিত্য সমাজ </ref> সত্তৰ আৰু আশীৰ দশকত নাট্যকাৰ প্ৰফুল্ল বৰা আৰু নাট পৰিচালক চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী যুটীয়ে ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰত এক নব্য ধাৰাৰ সূচনা কৰিছিল। ব্যৱসায়িক যাত্ৰাদলৰ পৰা ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰলৈকে নিজৰ ষাঠী বছৰীয়া অভিনয় জীৱনত ছোকৰা, নাৰী চৰিত্ৰ, নায়ক, খলনায়ক আদি সকলো ধৰণৰ চৰিত্ৰত অতি দক্ষতাৰে অভিনয় কৰা নাট্যশিল্পী আছিল চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী।<ref>নটবৰ চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী | লেখক: ৰত্ন ওজা | গ্ৰন্থ : অসমৰ নাট্য ইতিহাসৰ চক্ৰনাভি নাট্যসম্ৰাট চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী | মুখ্য সম্পাদক হিতেশ দত্ত চৌধুৰী | প্ৰকাশক : নাট্যসম্ৰাট চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী স্মৃতি ৰক্ষা সমিতি </ref> ''ব্লেকমাণি, ধৰ্মকাই, উপগ্ৰহ, ব'হাগৰ দুপৰীয়া'' চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী অভিনীত অসমীয়া চলচ্চিত্ৰ। বিভিন্ন বঁটা, সন্মান আৰু স্বীকৃতি লাভ কৰা আজন্ম শিল্পী চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীক ''বৰপেটা মিলন মন্দিৰে'' ১১ জুন, ১৯৭২ চনত আনুষ্ঠানিকভাৱে ''নাট্যসম্ৰাট'' অভিধা প্ৰদান কৰিছিল। ১৯৮৫ চনৰ ৪ ছেপ্টেম্বৰত দেহাৱসান ঘটা নাট্যশিল্পী চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীক অসম নাট্য সন্মিলনৰ ৪৯ সংখ্যক শিৱসাগৰ অধিৱেশনত মৰণোত্তৰভাৱে ''ব্ৰজনাথ শৰ্মা বঁটা'' প্ৰদান কৰা হৈছিল। প্ৰয়াত নাট্যশিল্পী চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীৰ স্মৃতি যুগমীয়া কৰিবলৈ তথা শিল্পীগৰাকীৰ কৰ্মৰাজিৰ প্ৰচাৰ আৰু প্ৰসাৰৰ উদ্দেশ্যে নাট্যসম্ৰাট চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী স্মৃতি ৰক্ষা সমিতিয়ে ইতিমধ্যে প্ৰকাশ কৰি উলিয়াইছে এখন গ্ৰন্থ ''অসমৰ নাট্য ইতিহাসৰ চক্ৰনাভি নাট্যসম্ৰাট চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী'' ।<ref>গ্ৰন্থ : ক'ত হেৰাল কাঁথিৰ জুইকুৰা | লেখক : মীৰা দত্ত চৌধুৰী | প্ৰকাশক : লেখিকা সংস্থা অসম, মঙলদৈ শাখা</ref> {{infobox writer|name=চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী|image=Chandra Choudhury.jpg|imagesize=|alt=|caption=|pseudonym=|birth_name=|birth_date=২৭ এপ্ৰিল, ১৯১৭ চন|birth_place=পাঠলা গাঁও, ( বৰ্তমানৰ ৩ নম্বৰ ওৱাৰ্ড, [[পাঠশালা]], [[বজালী]] , অসম|death_date=৪ ছেপ্টেম্বৰ, ১৯৮৫|death_place=<nowiki> গুৱাহাটী, </nowiki>[[অসম]]|occupation=নাট্যকাৰ, অভিনেতা|nationality=[[ভাৰত|ভাৰতীয়]]|ethnicity=|citizenship={{flagicon|India}} [[ভাৰত]]|language=[[অসমীয়া ভাষা|অসমীয়া]]|education=|alma_mater=|period=|genre=নাট্য শিল্প|subject=|movement=|notableworks=|spouse=বিনদা গগৈ ( প্ৰথমা পত্নী), গংগাপ্ৰিয়া চৌধুৰী (দ্বিতীয়া পত্নী)|partner=|children=নগেন চৌধুৰী, মীৰা দত্ত চৌধুৰী|relatives=ৰঘুনাথ চৌধুৰী (পিতৃ) <br/> ভাগ্যেশ্বৰী চৌধুৰী (মাতৃ)|influences=|influenced=|awards=|signature=|signature_alt=|website=}} == প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন == চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীৰ জন্ম হয় ১৯১৭ চনৰ ২৭ এপ্ৰিল তাৰিখে পাঠশালা জিলাৰ পাঠলা গাঁৱত। পিতৃ ৰঘুনাথ চৌধুৰী আৰু মাতৃ ভাগ্যেশ্বৰী চৌধুৰী। দুই পুত্ৰ চন্দ্ৰ আৰু ভোলাৰ শৈশৱ কালতেই অকাল বিয়োগ ঘটে ৰঘুনাথ চৌধুৰীৰ। দুৰ্ভগীয়া মাতৃ ভাগ্যেশ্বৰী চৌধুৰীয়ে অশেষ দুখ কষ্টেৰে দুই পুত্ৰক লালন পালন কৰে। শৈশৱতে চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীয়ে মাতৃ ভাগ্যেশ্বৰীৰ কণ্ঠত বৰগীত, লোকগীত, দেহ বিচাৰৰ গীতৰ সুৰ শুনি শিল্প কলাৰ অনুৰাগী হৈ পৰিছিল। গাঁৱৰ [[নামঘৰ]]ত পাঠকে ভোৰ তাল বজাই নাম গোৱা দেখি ঘৰলৈ আহি ৰাগ টানি নাম গাবলৈ শিকিছিল। সৰস্বতী পূজা, স্থানীয় সভা আদিত যাত্ৰা, গায়ন-বায়নৰ ( কামৰূপীয়া ভাওনা) নাটক চাই আহি ঘৰত লগ সমনীয়া গোটাই মঞ সাজি নাটক কৰিছিল। এনেদৰে শৈশৱতে চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীৰ মনত অংকুৰিত হৈছিল নাট্যশিল্পী হোৱাৰ বাসনা। সেই উদ্দেশ্যে শৈশৱতে সাক্ষাৎ কৰিছিল প্ৰখ্যাত নাট্য শিল্পী সন্তৰাম চৌধুৰীক। == কৰ্ম জীৱন == ১৯১৫ চনত মাত্ৰ আঠ বছৰ বয়সত চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীয়ে সন্তৰাম চৌধুৰীৰ পৰিচালনাত পাঠশালা নাট্য সমিতিৰ মঞ্চত অভিনেতা হিচাপে প্ৰথম প্ৰৱেশ কৰিছিল। ১৯৩১ চনত চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীয়ে সৰভোগৰ অভিনয়াচাৰ্য ব্ৰজনাথ শৰ্মাই সেই বছৰতে জন্ম দিয়া ''ডি অল আসাম ইউনিয়ন কোহিনুৰ অপেৰা পাৰ্টি'' ত যোগদান কৰে।<ref>গ্ৰন্থ : চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী | লেখিকা : মীৰা দত্ত চৌধুৰী | প্ৰকাশক : গতি অসম</ref> ব্যৱসায়িক যাত্ৰাদল ''কহিনুৰ অপেৰা'' ৰ এগৰাকী মুখ্য অভিনয় শিল্পী আছিল চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী। ১৯৩৩ চনত ''কহিনুৰ অপেৰাৰ'' জৰিয়তে অসমত প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে ব্যৱসায়িক নাট্য মঞ্চত সহ অভিনয় প্ৰৱৰ্তন কৰা সময়ত ব্ৰজনাথ শৰ্মাৰ সহযোগী আছিল ফণী শৰ্মা আৰু চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী। ''কহিনুৰ অপেৰা'' ফণী শৰ্মাৰ দৰমহা আছিল ২০ টকা আৰু চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীৰ দৰমহা আছিল ৭ টকা। ব্যৱসায়িক যাত্ৰাদলৰ পৰা ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰলৈকে নিজৰ ষাঠী বছৰীয়া অভিনয় জীৱনত চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীয়ে ছোকৰা, নাৰী চৰিত্ৰৰ পৰা নায়ক, খলনায়ক আদি সকলো প্ৰকাৰৰ চৰিত্ৰত অতি দক্ষতাৰে অভিনয় কৰিছিল। == বৈবাহিক জীৱন == [[ব্ৰজনাথ শৰ্মা]]ৰ কহিনুৰ অপেৰাৰ অন্যতম অভিনেত্ৰী বিনদা গগৈক সেই সময়ৰ ৰক্ষণশীল সমাজৰ প্ৰতিবন্ধকতালৈ ভয় নকৰি বিয়া কৰাই চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীয়ে সামাজিক স্বীকৃতি দিছিল। == বঁটা সন্মান স্বীকৃতি == ব্যৱসায়িক যাত্ৰাদলৰ পৰা ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰলৈকে নিজৰ ষাঠী বছৰীয়া অভিনয় জীৱনত চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীয়ে বিভিন্ন বঁটা, সন্মান আৰু স্বীকৃতি লাভ কৰিছে। ইয়াৰ ভিতৰত উল্লেখযোগ্য কেইটামান বটা, সন্মান, স্বীকৃতি এনেধৰণৰ : ১১ জুন, ১৯৭২ চনত [[বৰপেটা জিলা]]ৰ বৰপেটা মিলন মন্দিৰে নাট্য জগতলৈ আগবঢ়োৱা অনবদ্য অৱদানৰ বাবে চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীক আনুষ্ঠানিকভাৱে ''নাট্যসম্ৰাট'' অভিধা প্ৰদান কৰে। ১৯৯৮ চনত অসম চৰকাৰে চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীলৈ মৰণোত্তৰভাৱে আগবঢ়ায় দহ হেজাৰ টকাৰ এককালীন শিল্পী সাহায্য। ১৩ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী, ২০১১ চনত অসম নাট্য সন্মিলন ৪৯ সংখ্যক শিৱসাগৰ অধিৱেশনত মৰণোত্তৰভাৱে চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীক প্ৰদান কৰা হয় ''ব্ৰজনাথ শৰ্মা বঁটা।''<ref>গ্ৰন্থ : অসমৰ নাট্য ইতিহাসৰ চক্ৰনাভি নাট্যসম্ৰাট চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী | মুখ্য সম্পাদক: হিতেশ দত্ত | প্ৰকাশক : নাট্যসম্ৰাট চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী স্মৃতি ৰক্ষা সমিতি </ref> == তথ্য সংগ্ৰহ == pji8nrnxocy31kipfs7e804avvov9au 605940 605909 2026-05-12T07:22:02Z প্ৰিয়াংকু বৰা 45871 তথ্য অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত কৰা হয় 605940 wikitext text/x-wiki '''চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী''' (ইংৰাজী: Chandra Choudhury) অসমৰ এগৰাকী প্ৰসিদ্ধ অভিনেতা আৰু নাট পৰিচালক। [[ব্ৰজনাথ শৰ্মা]] আৰু [[ফণী শৰ্মা]]ৰ সতীৰ্থ চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী অসমৰ নাট্য মঞ্চত সহ অভিনয়ৰ অন্যতম বাটকটীয়া। চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী অসমৰ ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰৰ প্ৰথমগৰাকী নাট পৰিচালক।<ref>ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰৰ ইতিহাস প্ৰথম খণ্ড | লেখক - সংকলক : কিশোৰ কুমাৰ কলিতা | প্ৰকাশক : সদৌ অসম ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰ প্ৰযোজক সংস্থা </ref> ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰত [[প্ৰফুল্ল বৰা]] ৰচিত ''তেজীমলা, অলংকাৰ, দেৱযানী, পাহাৰৰ জুই, স্নেহবন্ধন'' আদি মঞ্চ সফল আৰু জনপ্ৰিয় নাটকসমূহৰ পৰিচালক আৰু মুখ্য অভিনেতা আছিল চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী।<ref>গ্ৰন্থ : ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰ শিল্পীৰ পৃথিৱীত এভূমুকি প্ৰথম কুৰি বছৰ | লেখক : অতুল মজুমদাৰ | প্ৰকাশক : শৰাইঘাট সাহিত্য সমাজ </ref> সত্তৰ আৰু আশীৰ দশকত নাট্যকাৰ প্ৰফুল্ল বৰা আৰু নাট পৰিচালক চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী যুটীয়ে ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰত এক নব্য ধাৰাৰ সূচনা কৰিছিল। ব্যৱসায়িক যাত্ৰাদলৰ পৰা ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰলৈকে নিজৰ ষাঠী বছৰীয়া অভিনয় জীৱনত ছোকৰা, নাৰী চৰিত্ৰ, নায়ক, খলনায়ক আদি সকলো ধৰণৰ চৰিত্ৰত অতি দক্ষতাৰে অভিনয় কৰা নাট্যশিল্পী আছিল চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী।<ref>নটবৰ চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী | লেখক: ৰত্ন ওজা | গ্ৰন্থ : অসমৰ নাট্য ইতিহাসৰ চক্ৰনাভি নাট্যসম্ৰাট চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী | মুখ্য সম্পাদক হিতেশ দত্ত চৌধুৰী | প্ৰকাশক : নাট্যসম্ৰাট চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী স্মৃতি ৰক্ষা সমিতি </ref> ''ব্লেকমাণি, ধৰ্মকাই, উপগ্ৰহ, ব'হাগৰ দুপৰীয়া'' চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী অভিনীত অসমীয়া চলচ্চিত্ৰ। বিভিন্ন বঁটা, সন্মান আৰু স্বীকৃতি লাভ কৰা আজন্ম শিল্পী চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীক ''বৰপেটা মিলন মন্দিৰে'' ১১ জুন, ১৯৭২ চনত আনুষ্ঠানিকভাৱে ''নাট্যসম্ৰাট'' অভিধা প্ৰদান কৰিছিল। ১৯৮৫ চনৰ ৪ ছেপ্টেম্বৰত দেহাৱসান ঘটা নাট্যশিল্পী চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীক অসম নাট্য সন্মিলনৰ ৪৯ সংখ্যক শিৱসাগৰ অধিৱেশনত মৰণোত্তৰভাৱে ''ব্ৰজনাথ শৰ্মা বঁটা'' প্ৰদান কৰা হৈছিল। প্ৰয়াত নাট্যশিল্পী চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীৰ স্মৃতি যুগমীয়া কৰিবলৈ তথা শিল্পীগৰাকীৰ কৰ্মৰাজিৰ প্ৰচাৰ আৰু প্ৰসাৰৰ উদ্দেশ্যে নাট্যসম্ৰাট চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী স্মৃতি ৰক্ষা সমিতিয়ে ইতিমধ্যে প্ৰকাশ কৰি উলিয়াইছে সোঁৱৰণী গ্ৰন্থ ''অসমৰ নাট্য ইতিহাসৰ চক্ৰনাভি নাট্যসম্ৰাট চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী'' ।<ref>গ্ৰন্থ : ক'ত হেৰাল কাঁথিৰ জুইকুৰা | লেখক : মীৰা দত্ত চৌধুৰী | প্ৰকাশক : লেখিকা সংস্থা অসম, মঙলদৈ শাখা</ref> {{infobox writer|name=চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী|image=Chandra Choudhury.jpg|imagesize=|alt=|caption=|pseudonym=|birth_name=|birth_date=২৭ এপ্ৰিল, ১৯১৭ চন|birth_place=পাঠলা গাঁও, ( বৰ্তমানৰ ৩ নম্বৰ ওৱাৰ্ড, [[পাঠশালা]], [[বজালী]] , অসম|death_date=৪ ছেপ্টেম্বৰ, ১৯৮৫|death_place=<nowiki> গুৱাহাটী, </nowiki>[[অসম]]|occupation=নাট্যকাৰ, অভিনেতা|nationality=[[ভাৰত|ভাৰতীয়]]|ethnicity=|citizenship={{flagicon|India}} [[ভাৰত]]|language=[[অসমীয়া ভাষা|অসমীয়া]]|education=|alma_mater=|period=|genre=নাট্য শিল্প|subject=|movement=|notableworks=|spouse=বিনদা গগৈ ( প্ৰথমা পত্নী), গংগাপ্ৰিয়া চৌধুৰী (দ্বিতীয়া পত্নী)|partner=|children=নগেন চৌধুৰী, মীৰা দত্ত চৌধুৰী|relatives=ৰঘুনাথ চৌধুৰী (পিতৃ) <br/> ভাগ্যেশ্বৰী চৌধুৰী (মাতৃ)|influences=|influenced=|awards=|signature=|signature_alt=|website=}} == প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন == চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীৰ জন্ম হয় ১৯১৭ চনৰ ২৭ এপ্ৰিল তাৰিখে পাঠশালা জিলাৰ পাঠলা গাঁৱত। পিতৃ ৰঘুনাথ চৌধুৰী আৰু মাতৃ ভাগ্যেশ্বৰী চৌধুৰী। দুই পুত্ৰ চন্দ্ৰ আৰু ভোলাৰ শৈশৱ কালতেই অকাল বিয়োগ ঘটে ৰঘুনাথ চৌধুৰীৰ। দুৰ্ভগীয়া মাতৃ ভাগ্যেশ্বৰী চৌধুৰীয়ে অশেষ দুখ কষ্টেৰে দুই পুত্ৰক লালন পালন কৰে। শৈশৱতে চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীয়ে মাতৃ ভাগ্যেশ্বৰীৰ কণ্ঠত বৰগীত, লোকগীত, দেহ বিচাৰৰ গীতৰ সুৰ শুনি শিল্প কলাৰ অনুৰাগী হৈ পৰিছিল। গাঁৱৰ [[নামঘৰ]]ত পাঠকে ভোৰ তাল বজাই নাম গোৱা দেখি ঘৰলৈ আহি ৰাগ টানি নাম গাবলৈ শিকিছিল। সৰস্বতী পূজা, স্থানীয় সভা আদিত যাত্ৰা, গায়ন-বায়নৰ ( কামৰূপীয়া ভাওনা) নাটক চাই আহি ঘৰত লগ সমনীয়া গোটাই মঞ সাজি নাটক কৰিছিল। এনেদৰে শৈশৱতে চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীৰ মনত অংকুৰিত হৈছিল নাট্যশিল্পী হোৱাৰ বাসনা। সেই উদ্দেশ্যে শৈশৱতে সাক্ষাৎ কৰিছিল প্ৰখ্যাত নাট্য শিল্পী সন্তৰাম চৌধুৰীক। == কৰ্ম জীৱন == ১৯১৫ চনত মাত্ৰ আঠ বছৰ বয়সত চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীয়ে সন্তৰাম চৌধুৰীৰ পৰিচালনাত পাঠশালা নাট্য সমিতিৰ মঞ্চত অভিনেতা হিচাপে প্ৰথম প্ৰৱেশ কৰিছিল। ১৯৩১ চনত চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীয়ে সৰভোগৰ অভিনয়াচাৰ্য ব্ৰজনাথ শৰ্মাই সেই বছৰতে জন্ম দিয়া ''ডি অল আসাম ইউনিয়ন কোহিনুৰ অপেৰা পাৰ্টি'' ত যোগদান কৰে।<ref>গ্ৰন্থ : চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী | লেখিকা : মীৰা দত্ত চৌধুৰী | প্ৰকাশক : গতি অসম</ref> ব্যৱসায়িক যাত্ৰাদল ''কহিনুৰ অপেৰা'' ৰ এগৰাকী মুখ্য অভিনয় শিল্পী আছিল চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী। ১৯৩৩ চনত ''কহিনুৰ অপেৰাৰ'' জৰিয়তে অসমত প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে ব্যৱসায়িক নাট্য মঞ্চত সহ অভিনয় প্ৰৱৰ্তন কৰা সময়ত ব্ৰজনাথ শৰ্মাৰ সহযোগী আছিল ফণী শৰ্মা আৰু চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী। ''কহিনুৰ অপেৰা'' ফণী শৰ্মাৰ দৰমহা আছিল ২০ টকা আৰু চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীৰ দৰমহা আছিল ৭ টকা। ব্যৱসায়িক যাত্ৰাদলৰ পৰা ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰলৈকে নিজৰ ষাঠী বছৰীয়া অভিনয় জীৱনত চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীয়ে ছোকৰা, নাৰী চৰিত্ৰৰ পৰা নায়ক, খলনায়ক আদি সকলো প্ৰকাৰৰ চৰিত্ৰত অতি দক্ষতাৰে অভিনয় কৰিছিল। == বৈবাহিক জীৱন == [[ব্ৰজনাথ শৰ্মা]]ৰ কহিনুৰ অপেৰাৰ অন্যতম অভিনেত্ৰী বিনদা গগৈক সেই সময়ৰ ৰক্ষণশীল সমাজৰ প্ৰতিবন্ধকতালৈ ভয় নকৰি বিয়া কৰাই চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীয়ে সামাজিক স্বীকৃতি দিছিল। == বঁটা সন্মান স্বীকৃতি == ব্যৱসায়িক যাত্ৰাদলৰ পৰা ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰলৈকে নিজৰ ষাঠী বছৰীয়া অভিনয় জীৱনত চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীয়ে বিভিন্ন বঁটা, সন্মান আৰু স্বীকৃতি লাভ কৰিছে। ইয়াৰ ভিতৰত উল্লেখযোগ্য কেইটামান বটা, সন্মান, স্বীকৃতি এনেধৰণৰ : ১১ জুন, ১৯৭২ চনত [[বৰপেটা জিলা]]ৰ বৰপেটা মিলন মন্দিৰে নাট্য জগতলৈ আগবঢ়োৱা অনবদ্য অৱদানৰ বাবে চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীক আনুষ্ঠানিকভাৱে ''নাট্যসম্ৰাট'' অভিধা প্ৰদান কৰে। ১৯৯৮ চনত অসম চৰকাৰে চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীলৈ মৰণোত্তৰভাৱে আগবঢ়ায় দহ হেজাৰ টকাৰ এককালীন শিল্পী সাহায্য। ১৩ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী, ২০১১ চনত অসম নাট্য সন্মিলন ৪৯ সংখ্যক শিৱসাগৰ অধিৱেশনত মৰণোত্তৰভাৱে চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীক প্ৰদান কৰা হয় ''ব্ৰজনাথ শৰ্মা বঁটা।''<ref>গ্ৰন্থ : অসমৰ নাট্য ইতিহাসৰ চক্ৰনাভি নাট্যসম্ৰাট চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী | মুখ্য সম্পাদক: হিতেশ দত্ত | প্ৰকাশক : নাট্যসম্ৰাট চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী স্মৃতি ৰক্ষা সমিতি </ref> == তথ্য সংগ্ৰহ == a18s8layzm7o94s7wfefhtkw3yeuk9g 605941 605940 2026-05-12T07:25:10Z প্ৰিয়াংকু বৰা 45871 তথ্য অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত কৰা হয় 605941 wikitext text/x-wiki '''চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী''' (ইংৰাজী: Chandra Choudhury) অসমৰ এগৰাকী প্ৰসিদ্ধ অভিনেতা আৰু নাট পৰিচালক। [[ব্ৰজনাথ শৰ্মা]] আৰু [[ফণী শৰ্মা]]ৰ সতীৰ্থ চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী অসমৰ নাট্য মঞ্চত সহ অভিনয়ৰ অন্যতম বাটকটীয়া। চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী অসমৰ ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰৰ প্ৰথমগৰাকী নাট পৰিচালক।<ref>ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰৰ ইতিহাস প্ৰথম খণ্ড | লেখক - সংকলক : কিশোৰ কুমাৰ কলিতা | প্ৰকাশক : সদৌ অসম ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰ প্ৰযোজক সংস্থা </ref> ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰত [[প্ৰফুল্ল বৰা]] ৰচিত ''তেজীমলা, অলংকাৰ, দেৱযানী, পাহাৰৰ জুই, স্নেহবন্ধন'' আদি মঞ্চ সফল আৰু জনপ্ৰিয় নাটকসমূহৰ পৰিচালক আৰু মুখ্য অভিনেতা আছিল চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী।<ref>গ্ৰন্থ : ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰ শিল্পীৰ পৃথিৱীত এভূমুকি প্ৰথম কুৰি বছৰ | লেখক : অতুল মজুমদাৰ | প্ৰকাশক : শৰাইঘাট সাহিত্য সমাজ </ref> সত্তৰ আৰু আশীৰ দশকত নাট্যকাৰ প্ৰফুল্ল বৰা আৰু নাট পৰিচালক চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী যুটীয়ে ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰত এক নব্য ধাৰাৰ সূচনা কৰিছিল। ব্যৱসায়িক যাত্ৰাদলৰ পৰা ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰলৈকে নিজৰ ষাঠী বছৰীয়া অভিনয় জীৱনত ছোকৰা, নাৰী চৰিত্ৰ, নায়ক, খলনায়ক আদি সকলো ধৰণৰ চৰিত্ৰত অতি দক্ষতাৰে অভিনয় কৰা নাট্যশিল্পী আছিল চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী।<ref>নটবৰ চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী | লেখক: ৰত্ন ওজা | গ্ৰন্থ : অসমৰ নাট্য ইতিহাসৰ চক্ৰনাভি নাট্যসম্ৰাট চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী | মুখ্য সম্পাদক হিতেশ দত্ত চৌধুৰী | প্ৰকাশক : নাট্যসম্ৰাট চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী স্মৃতি ৰক্ষা সমিতি </ref> ''ব্লেকমাণি, ধৰ্মকাই, উপগ্ৰহ, ব'হাগৰ দুপৰীয়া'' চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী অভিনীত অসমীয়া চলচ্চিত্ৰ। বিভিন্ন বঁটা, সন্মান আৰু স্বীকৃতি লাভ কৰা আজন্ম শিল্পী চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীক ''বৰপেটা মিলন মন্দিৰে'' ১১ জুন, ১৯৭২ চনত আনুষ্ঠানিকভাৱে ''নাট্যসম্ৰাট'' অভিধা প্ৰদান কৰিছিল। ১৯৮৫ চনৰ ৪ ছেপ্টেম্বৰত দেহাৱসান ঘটা নাট্যশিল্পী চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীক অসম নাট্য সন্মিলনৰ ৪৯ সংখ্যক শিৱসাগৰ অধিৱেশনত মৰণোত্তৰভাৱে ''ব্ৰজনাথ শৰ্মা বঁটা'' প্ৰদান কৰা হৈছিল। প্ৰয়াত নাট্যশিল্পী চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীৰ স্মৃতি যুগমীয়া কৰিবলৈ তথা শিল্পীগৰাকীৰ কৰ্মৰাজিৰ প্ৰচাৰ আৰু প্ৰসাৰৰ উদ্দেশ্যে নাট্যসম্ৰাট চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী স্মৃতি ৰক্ষা সমিতিয়ে ইতিমধ্যে প্ৰকাশ কৰি উলিয়াইছে সোঁৱৰণী গ্ৰন্থ ''অসমৰ নাট্য ইতিহাসৰ চক্ৰনাভি নাট্যসম্ৰাট চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী'' ।<ref>গ্ৰন্থ : ক'ত হেৰাল কাঁথিৰ জুইকুৰা | লেখক : মীৰা দত্ত চৌধুৰী | প্ৰকাশক : লেখিকা সংস্থা অসম, মঙলদৈ শাখা</ref> {{infobox writer|name=চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী|image=Chandra Choudhury.jpg|imagesize=|alt=|caption=|pseudonym=|birth_name=|birth_date=২৭ এপ্ৰিল, ১৯১৭ চন|birth_place=পাঠলা গাঁও, ( বৰ্তমানৰ ৩ নম্বৰ ওৱাৰ্ড, [[পাঠশালা]], [[বজালী]] , অসম|death_date=৪ ছেপ্টেম্বৰ, ১৯৮৫|death_place=<nowiki> গুৱাহাটী, </nowiki>[[অসম]]|occupation=নাট্যকাৰ, অভিনেতা|nationality=[[ভাৰত|ভাৰতীয়]]|ethnicity=|citizenship={{flagicon|India}} [[ভাৰত]]|language=[[অসমীয়া ভাষা|অসমীয়া]]|education=|alma_mater=|period=|genre=নাট্য শিল্প|subject=|movement=|notableworks=|spouse=বিনদা গগৈ ( প্ৰথমা পত্নী), গংগাপ্ৰিয়া চৌধুৰী (দ্বিতীয়া পত্নী)|partner=|children=নগেন চৌধুৰী, মীৰা দত্ত চৌধুৰী|relatives=ৰঘুনাথ চৌধুৰী (পিতৃ) <br/> ভাগ্যেশ্বৰী চৌধুৰী (মাতৃ)|influences=|influenced=|awards=|signature=|signature_alt=|website=}} == প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন == চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীৰ জন্ম হয় ১৯১৭ চনৰ ২৭ এপ্ৰিল তাৰিখে পাঠশালা জিলাৰ পাঠলা গাঁৱত। পিতৃ ৰঘুনাথ চৌধুৰী আৰু মাতৃ ভাগ্যেশ্বৰী চৌধুৰী। দুই পুত্ৰ চন্দ্ৰ আৰু ভোলাৰ শৈশৱ কালতেই অকাল বিয়োগ ঘটে ৰঘুনাথ চৌধুৰীৰ। দুৰ্ভগীয়া মাতৃ ভাগ্যেশ্বৰী চৌধুৰীয়ে অশেষ দুখ কষ্টেৰে দুই পুত্ৰক লালন পালন কৰে। শৈশৱতে চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীয়ে মাতৃ ভাগ্যেশ্বৰীৰ কণ্ঠত বৰগীত, লোকগীত, দেহ বিচাৰৰ গীতৰ সুৰ শুনি শিল্প কলাৰ অনুৰাগী হৈ পৰিছিল। গাঁৱৰ [[নামঘৰ]]ত পাঠকে ভোৰ তাল বজাই নাম গোৱা দেখি ঘৰলৈ আহি ৰাগ টানি নাম গাবলৈ শিকিছিল। সৰস্বতী পূজা, স্থানীয় সভা আদিত যাত্ৰা, গায়ন-বায়নৰ ( কামৰূপীয়া ভাওনা) নাটক চাই আহি ঘৰত লগ সমনীয়া গোটাই মঞ্চ সাজি নাটক কৰিছিল। এনেদৰে শৈশৱতে চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীৰ মনত অংকুৰিত হৈছিল নাট্যশিল্পী হোৱাৰ বাসনা। সেই উদ্দেশ্যে শৈশৱতে সাক্ষাৎ কৰিছিল প্ৰখ্যাত নাট্য শিল্পী সন্তৰাম চৌধুৰীক। == কৰ্ম জীৱন == ১৯১৫ চনত মাত্ৰ আঠ বছৰ বয়সত চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীয়ে সন্তৰাম চৌধুৰীৰ পৰিচালনাত পাঠশালা নাট্য সমিতিৰ মঞ্চত অভিনেতা হিচাপে প্ৰথম প্ৰৱেশ কৰিছিল। ১৯৩১ চনত চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীয়ে সৰভোগৰ অভিনয়াচাৰ্য ব্ৰজনাথ শৰ্মাই সেই বছৰতে জন্ম দিয়া ''ডি অল আসাম ইউনিয়ন কোহিনুৰ অপেৰা পাৰ্টি'' ত যোগদান কৰে।<ref>গ্ৰন্থ : চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী | লেখিকা : মীৰা দত্ত চৌধুৰী | প্ৰকাশক : গতি অসম</ref> ব্যৱসায়িক যাত্ৰাদল ''কহিনুৰ অপেৰা'' ৰ এগৰাকী মুখ্য অভিনয় শিল্পী আছিল চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী। ১৯৩৩ চনত ''কহিনুৰ অপেৰাৰ'' জৰিয়তে অসমত প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে ব্যৱসায়িক নাট্য মঞ্চত সহ অভিনয় প্ৰৱৰ্তন কৰা সময়ত ব্ৰজনাথ শৰ্মাৰ সহযোগী আছিল ফণী শৰ্মা আৰু চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী। ''কহিনুৰ অপেৰা'' ফণী শৰ্মাৰ দৰমহা আছিল ২০ টকা আৰু চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীৰ দৰমহা আছিল ৭ টকা। ব্যৱসায়িক যাত্ৰাদলৰ পৰা ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰলৈকে নিজৰ ষাঠী বছৰীয়া অভিনয় জীৱনত চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীয়ে ছোকৰা, নাৰী চৰিত্ৰৰ পৰা নায়ক, খলনায়ক আদি সকলো প্ৰকাৰৰ চৰিত্ৰত অতি দক্ষতাৰে অভিনয় কৰিছিল। == বৈবাহিক জীৱন == [[ব্ৰজনাথ শৰ্মা]]ৰ কহিনুৰ অপেৰাৰ অন্যতম অভিনেত্ৰী বিনদা গগৈক সেই সময়ৰ ৰক্ষণশীল সমাজৰ প্ৰতিবন্ধকতালৈ ভয় নকৰি বিয়া কৰাই চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীয়ে সামাজিক স্বীকৃতি দিছিল। == বঁটা সন্মান স্বীকৃতি == ব্যৱসায়িক যাত্ৰাদলৰ পৰা ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰলৈকে নিজৰ ষাঠী বছৰীয়া অভিনয় জীৱনত চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীয়ে বিভিন্ন বঁটা, সন্মান আৰু স্বীকৃতি লাভ কৰিছে। ইয়াৰ ভিতৰত উল্লেখযোগ্য কেইটামান বটা, সন্মান, স্বীকৃতি এনেধৰণৰ : ১১ জুন, ১৯৭২ চনত [[বৰপেটা জিলা]]ৰ বৰপেটা মিলন মন্দিৰে নাট্য জগতলৈ আগবঢ়োৱা অনবদ্য অৱদানৰ বাবে চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীক আনুষ্ঠানিকভাৱে ''নাট্যসম্ৰাট'' অভিধা প্ৰদান কৰে। ১৯৯৮ চনত অসম চৰকাৰে চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীলৈ মৰণোত্তৰভাৱে আগবঢ়ায় দহ হেজাৰ টকাৰ এককালীন শিল্পী সাহায্য। ১৩ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী, ২০১১ চনত অসম নাট্য সন্মিলন ৪৯ সংখ্যক শিৱসাগৰ অধিৱেশনত মৰণোত্তৰভাৱে চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীক প্ৰদান কৰা হয় ''ব্ৰজনাথ শৰ্মা বঁটা।''<ref>গ্ৰন্থ : অসমৰ নাট্য ইতিহাসৰ চক্ৰনাভি নাট্যসম্ৰাট চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী | মুখ্য সম্পাদক: হিতেশ দত্ত | প্ৰকাশক : নাট্যসম্ৰাট চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী স্মৃতি ৰক্ষা সমিতি </ref> == তথ্য সংগ্ৰহ == e5ngq6zpir9tl3eohzv58ss7jfl0hqc 605944 605941 2026-05-12T07:57:26Z প্ৰিয়াংকু বৰা 45871 তথ্য অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত কৰা হয় 605944 wikitext text/x-wiki '''চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী''' (ইংৰাজী: Chandra Choudhury) অসমৰ এগৰাকী প্ৰসিদ্ধ অভিনেতা আৰু নাট পৰিচালক। [[ব্ৰজনাথ শৰ্মা]] আৰু [[ফণী শৰ্মা]]ৰ সতীৰ্থ চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী অসমৰ নাট্য মঞ্চত সহ অভিনয়ৰ অন্যতম বাটকটীয়া। ফণী শৰ্মা আৰু চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীৰ সহযোগত ব্ৰজ শৰ্মাই কোহিনুৰ অপেৰা পাৰ্টিৰ জৰিয়তে সহ অভিনয়ৰ সূচনা কৰিছিল।<ref>নটসূৰ্য ফণী শৰ্মা আৰু ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰ | অতুল মজুমদাৰ | গ্ৰন্থ : নটসূৰ্য্য | প্ৰকাশক : বাণ থিয়েটাৰ </ref> চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী অসমৰ ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰৰ প্ৰথমগৰাকী নাট পৰিচালক।<ref>ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰৰ ইতিহাস প্ৰথম খণ্ড | লেখক - সংকলক : কিশোৰ কুমাৰ কলিতা | প্ৰকাশক : সদৌ অসম ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰ প্ৰযোজক সংস্থা </ref> ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰত [[প্ৰফুল্ল বৰা]] ৰচিত ''তেজীমলা, অলংকাৰ, দেৱযানী, পাহাৰৰ জুই, স্নেহবন্ধন'' আদি মঞ্চ সফল আৰু জনপ্ৰিয় নাটকসমূহৰ পৰিচালক আৰু মুখ্য অভিনেতা আছিল চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী।<ref>গ্ৰন্থ : ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰ শিল্পীৰ পৃথিৱীত এভূমুকি প্ৰথম কুৰি বছৰ | লেখক : অতুল মজুমদাৰ | প্ৰকাশক : শৰাইঘাট সাহিত্য সমাজ </ref> সত্তৰ আৰু আশীৰ দশকত নাট্যকাৰ প্ৰফুল্ল বৰা আৰু নাট পৰিচালক চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী যুটীয়ে ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰত এক নব্য ধাৰাৰ সূচনা কৰিছিল। ব্যৱসায়িক যাত্ৰাদলৰ পৰা ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰলৈকে নিজৰ ষাঠী বছৰীয়া অভিনয় জীৱনত ছোকৰা, নাৰী চৰিত্ৰ, নায়ক, খলনায়ক আদি সকলো ধৰণৰ চৰিত্ৰত অতি দক্ষতাৰে অভিনয় কৰা নাট্যশিল্পী আছিল চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী।<ref>নটবৰ চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী | লেখক: ৰত্ন ওজা | গ্ৰন্থ : অসমৰ নাট্য ইতিহাসৰ চক্ৰনাভি নাট্যসম্ৰাট চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী | মুখ্য সম্পাদক হিতেশ দত্ত চৌধুৰী | প্ৰকাশক : নাট্যসম্ৰাট চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী স্মৃতি ৰক্ষা সমিতি </ref> ''ব্লেকমাণি, ধৰ্মকাই, উপগ্ৰহ, ব'হাগৰ দুপৰীয়া'' চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী অভিনীত অসমীয়া চলচ্চিত্ৰ। বিভিন্ন বঁটা, সন্মান আৰু স্বীকৃতি লাভ কৰা আজন্ম শিল্পী চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীক ''বৰপেটা মিলন মন্দিৰে'' ১১ জুন, ১৯৭২ চনত আনুষ্ঠানিকভাৱে ''নাট্যসম্ৰাট'' অভিধা প্ৰদান কৰিছিল। ১৯৮৫ চনৰ ৪ ছেপ্টেম্বৰত দেহাৱসান ঘটা নাট্যশিল্পী চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীক অসম নাট্য সন্মিলনৰ ৪৯ সংখ্যক শিৱসাগৰ অধিৱেশনত মৰণোত্তৰভাৱে ''ব্ৰজনাথ শৰ্মা বঁটা'' প্ৰদান কৰা হৈছিল। প্ৰয়াত নাট্যশিল্পী চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীৰ স্মৃতি যুগমীয়া কৰিবলৈ তথা শিল্পীগৰাকীৰ কৰ্মৰাজিৰ প্ৰচাৰ আৰু প্ৰসাৰৰ উদ্দেশ্যে নাট্যসম্ৰাট চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী স্মৃতি ৰক্ষা সমিতিয়ে ইতিমধ্যে প্ৰকাশ কৰি উলিয়াইছে সোঁৱৰণী গ্ৰন্থ ''অসমৰ নাট্য ইতিহাসৰ চক্ৰনাভি নাট্যসম্ৰাট চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী'' ।<ref>গ্ৰন্থ : ক'ত হেৰাল কাঁথিৰ জুইকুৰা | লেখক : মীৰা দত্ত চৌধুৰী | প্ৰকাশক : লেখিকা সংস্থা অসম, মঙলদৈ শাখা</ref> {{infobox writer|name=চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী|image=Chandra Choudhury.jpg|imagesize=|alt=|caption=|pseudonym=|birth_name=|birth_date=২৭ এপ্ৰিল, ১৯১৭ চন|birth_place=পাঠলা গাঁও, ( বৰ্তমানৰ ৩ নম্বৰ ওৱাৰ্ড, [[পাঠশালা]], [[বজালী]] , অসম|death_date=৪ ছেপ্টেম্বৰ, ১৯৮৫|death_place=<nowiki> গুৱাহাটী, </nowiki>[[অসম]]|occupation=নাট্যকাৰ, অভিনেতা|nationality=[[ভাৰত|ভাৰতীয়]]|ethnicity=|citizenship={{flagicon|India}} [[ভাৰত]]|language=[[অসমীয়া ভাষা|অসমীয়া]]|education=|alma_mater=|period=|genre=নাট্য শিল্প|subject=|movement=|notableworks=|spouse=বিনদা গগৈ ( প্ৰথমা পত্নী), গংগাপ্ৰিয়া চৌধুৰী (দ্বিতীয়া পত্নী)|partner=|children=নগেন চৌধুৰী, মীৰা দত্ত চৌধুৰী|relatives=ৰঘুনাথ চৌধুৰী (পিতৃ) <br/> ভাগ্যেশ্বৰী চৌধুৰী (মাতৃ)|influences=|influenced=|awards=|signature=|signature_alt=|website=}} == প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন == চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীৰ জন্ম হয় ১৯১৭ চনৰ ২৭ এপ্ৰিল তাৰিখে পাঠশালা জিলাৰ পাঠলা গাঁৱত। পিতৃ ৰঘুনাথ চৌধুৰী আৰু মাতৃ ভাগ্যেশ্বৰী চৌধুৰী। দুই পুত্ৰ চন্দ্ৰ আৰু ভোলাৰ শৈশৱ কালতেই অকাল বিয়োগ ঘটে ৰঘুনাথ চৌধুৰীৰ। দুৰ্ভগীয়া মাতৃ ভাগ্যেশ্বৰী চৌধুৰীয়ে অশেষ দুখ কষ্টেৰে দুই পুত্ৰক লালন পালন কৰে। শৈশৱতে চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীয়ে মাতৃ ভাগ্যেশ্বৰীৰ কণ্ঠত বৰগীত, লোকগীত, দেহ বিচাৰৰ গীতৰ সুৰ শুনি শিল্প কলাৰ অনুৰাগী হৈ পৰিছিল। গাঁৱৰ [[নামঘৰ]]ত পাঠকে ভোৰ তাল বজাই নাম গোৱা দেখি ঘৰলৈ আহি ৰাগ টানি নাম গাবলৈ শিকিছিল। সৰস্বতী পূজা, স্থানীয় সভা আদিত যাত্ৰা, গায়ন-বায়নৰ ( কামৰূপীয়া ভাওনা) নাটক চাই আহি ঘৰত লগ সমনীয়া গোটাই মঞ্চ সাজি নাটক কৰিছিল। এনেদৰে শৈশৱতে চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীৰ মনত অংকুৰিত হৈছিল নাট্যশিল্পী হোৱাৰ বাসনা। সেই উদ্দেশ্যে শৈশৱতে সাক্ষাৎ কৰিছিল প্ৰখ্যাত নাট্য শিল্পী সন্তৰাম চৌধুৰীক। == কৰ্ম জীৱন == ১৯১৫ চনত মাত্ৰ আঠ বছৰ বয়সত চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীয়ে সন্তৰাম চৌধুৰীৰ পৰিচালনাত পাঠশালা নাট্য সমিতিৰ মঞ্চত অভিনেতা হিচাপে প্ৰথম প্ৰৱেশ কৰিছিল। ১৯৩১ চনত চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীয়ে সৰভোগৰ অভিনয়াচাৰ্য ব্ৰজনাথ শৰ্মাই সেই বছৰতে জন্ম দিয়া ''ডি অল আসাম ইউনিয়ন কোহিনুৰ অপেৰা পাৰ্টি'' ত যোগদান কৰে।<ref>গ্ৰন্থ : চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী | লেখিকা : মীৰা দত্ত চৌধুৰী | প্ৰকাশক : গতি অসম</ref> ব্যৱসায়িক যাত্ৰাদল ''কহিনুৰ অপেৰা'' ৰ এগৰাকী মুখ্য অভিনয় শিল্পী আছিল চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী। ১৯৩৩ চনত ''কহিনুৰ অপেৰাৰ'' জৰিয়তে অসমত প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে ব্যৱসায়িক নাট্য মঞ্চত সহ অভিনয় প্ৰৱৰ্তন কৰা সময়ত ব্ৰজনাথ শৰ্মাৰ সহযোগী আছিল ফণী শৰ্মা আৰু চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী। ''কহিনুৰ অপেৰা'' ফণী শৰ্মাৰ দৰমহা আছিল ২০ টকা আৰু চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীৰ দৰমহা আছিল ৭ টকা। ব্যৱসায়িক যাত্ৰাদলৰ পৰা ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰলৈকে নিজৰ ষাঠী বছৰীয়া অভিনয় জীৱনত চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীয়ে ছোকৰা, নাৰী চৰিত্ৰৰ পৰা নায়ক, খলনায়ক আদি সকলো প্ৰকাৰৰ চৰিত্ৰত অতি দক্ষতাৰে অভিনয় কৰিছিল। == বৈবাহিক জীৱন == [[ব্ৰজনাথ শৰ্মা]]ৰ কহিনুৰ অপেৰাৰ অন্যতম অভিনেত্ৰী বিনদা গগৈক সেই সময়ৰ ৰক্ষণশীল সমাজৰ প্ৰতিবন্ধকতালৈ ভয় নকৰি বিয়া কৰাই চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীয়ে সামাজিক স্বীকৃতি দিছিল। == বঁটা সন্মান স্বীকৃতি == ব্যৱসায়িক যাত্ৰাদলৰ পৰা ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰলৈকে নিজৰ ষাঠী বছৰীয়া অভিনয় জীৱনত চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীয়ে বিভিন্ন বঁটা, সন্মান আৰু স্বীকৃতি লাভ কৰিছে। ইয়াৰ ভিতৰত উল্লেখযোগ্য কেইটামান বটা, সন্মান, স্বীকৃতি এনেধৰণৰ : ১১ জুন, ১৯৭২ চনত [[বৰপেটা জিলা]]ৰ বৰপেটা মিলন মন্দিৰে নাট্য জগতলৈ আগবঢ়োৱা অনবদ্য অৱদানৰ বাবে চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীক আনুষ্ঠানিকভাৱে ''নাট্যসম্ৰাট'' অভিধা প্ৰদান কৰে। ১৯৯৮ চনত অসম চৰকাৰে চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীলৈ মৰণোত্তৰভাৱে আগবঢ়ায় দহ হেজাৰ টকাৰ এককালীন শিল্পী সাহায্য। ১৩ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী, ২০১১ চনত অসম নাট্য সন্মিলন ৪৯ সংখ্যক শিৱসাগৰ অধিৱেশনত মৰণোত্তৰভাৱে চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীক প্ৰদান কৰা হয় ''ব্ৰজনাথ শৰ্মা বঁটা।''<ref>গ্ৰন্থ : অসমৰ নাট্য ইতিহাসৰ চক্ৰনাভি নাট্যসম্ৰাট চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী | মুখ্য সম্পাদক: হিতেশ দত্ত | প্ৰকাশক : নাট্যসম্ৰাট চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী স্মৃতি ৰক্ষা সমিতি </ref> == তথ্য সংগ্ৰহ == 8mgt94gq101m7y8qjma9qxvpehk8jkw 605945 605944 2026-05-12T08:00:21Z প্ৰিয়াংকু বৰা 45871 তথ্য অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত কৰা হয় 605945 wikitext text/x-wiki '''চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী''' (ইংৰাজী: Chandra Choudhury) অসমৰ এগৰাকী প্ৰসিদ্ধ অভিনেতা আৰু নাট পৰিচালক। [[ব্ৰজনাথ শৰ্মা]] আৰু [[ফণী শৰ্মা]]ৰ সতীৰ্থ চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী অসমৰ নাট্য মঞ্চত সহ অভিনয়ৰ অন্যতম বাটকটীয়া। ফণী শৰ্মা আৰু চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীৰ সহযোগত ব্ৰজ শৰ্মাই কোহিনুৰ অপেৰা পাৰ্টিৰ জৰিয়তে সহ অভিনয়ৰ সূচনা কৰিছিল।<ref>নটসূৰ্য ফণী শৰ্মা আৰু ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰ | অতুল মজুমদাৰ | গ্ৰন্থ : নটসূৰ্য্য | প্ৰকাশক : বাণ থিয়েটাৰ </ref> চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী অসমৰ ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰৰ প্ৰথমগৰাকী নাট পৰিচালক।<ref>ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰৰ ইতিহাস প্ৰথম খণ্ড | লেখক - সংকলক : কিশোৰ কুমাৰ কলিতা | প্ৰকাশক : সদৌ অসম ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰ প্ৰযোজক সংস্থা </ref> ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰত [[প্ৰফুল্ল বৰা]] ৰচিত ''তেজীমলা, অলংকাৰ, দেৱযানী, পাহাৰৰ জুই, স্নেহবন্ধন'' আদি মঞ্চ সফল আৰু জনপ্ৰিয় নাটকসমূহৰ পৰিচালক আৰু মুখ্য অভিনেতা আছিল চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী।<ref>গ্ৰন্থ : ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰ শিল্পীৰ পৃথিৱীত এভূমুকি প্ৰথম কুৰি বছৰ | লেখক : অতুল মজুমদাৰ | প্ৰকাশক : শৰাইঘাট সাহিত্য সমাজ </ref> সত্তৰ আৰু আশীৰ দশকত নাট্যকাৰ প্ৰফুল্ল বৰা আৰু নাট পৰিচালক চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী যুটীয়ে ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰত এক নব্য ধাৰাৰ সূচনা কৰিছিল। ব্যৱসায়িক যাত্ৰাদলৰ পৰা ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰলৈকে নিজৰ ষাঠী বছৰীয়া অভিনয় জীৱনত ছোকৰা, নাৰী চৰিত্ৰ, নায়ক, খলনায়ক আদি সকলো ধৰণৰ চৰিত্ৰত অতি দক্ষতাৰে অভিনয় কৰা নাট্যশিল্পী আছিল চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী।<ref>নটবৰ চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী | লেখক: ৰত্ন ওজা | গ্ৰন্থ : অসমৰ নাট্য ইতিহাসৰ চক্ৰনাভি নাট্যসম্ৰাট চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী | মুখ্য সম্পাদক হিতেশ দত্ত চৌধুৰী | প্ৰকাশক : নাট্যসম্ৰাট চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী স্মৃতি ৰক্ষা সমিতি </ref> ''ব্লেকমাণি, ধৰ্মকাই, উপগ্ৰহ, ব'হাগৰ দুপৰীয়া'' চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী অভিনীত অসমীয়া চলচ্চিত্ৰ। বিভিন্ন বঁটা, সন্মান আৰু স্বীকৃতি লাভ কৰা আজন্ম শিল্পী চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীক ''বৰপেটা মিলন মন্দিৰে'' ১১ জুন, ১৯৭২ চনত আনুষ্ঠানিকভাৱে ''নাট্যসম্ৰাট'' অভিধা প্ৰদান কৰিছিল। ১৯৮৫ চনৰ ৪ ছেপ্টেম্বৰত দেহাৱসান ঘটা নাট্যশিল্পী চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীক অসম নাট্য সন্মিলনৰ ৪৯ সংখ্যক শিৱসাগৰ অধিৱেশনত মৰণোত্তৰভাৱে ''ব্ৰজনাথ শৰ্মা বঁটা'' প্ৰদান কৰা হৈছিল। প্ৰয়াত নাট্যশিল্পী চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীৰ স্মৃতি যুগমীয়া কৰিবলৈ তথা শিল্পীগৰাকীৰ কৰ্মৰাজিৰ প্ৰচাৰ আৰু প্ৰসাৰৰ উদ্দেশ্যে নাট্যসম্ৰাট চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী স্মৃতি ৰক্ষা সমিতিয়ে ইতিমধ্যে প্ৰকাশ কৰি উলিয়াইছে সোঁৱৰণী গ্ৰন্থ ''অসমৰ নাট্য ইতিহাসৰ চক্ৰনাভি নাট্যসম্ৰাট চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী'' ।<ref>গ্ৰন্থ : ক'ত হেৰাল কাঁথিৰ জুইকুৰা | লেখক : মীৰা দত্ত চৌধুৰী | প্ৰকাশক : লেখিকা সংস্থা অসম, মঙলদৈ শাখা</ref> {{infobox writer|name=চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী|image=Chandra Choudhury.jpg|imagesize=|alt=|caption=|pseudonym=|birth_name=|birth_date=২৭ এপ্ৰিল, ১৯১৭ চন|birth_place=পাঠলা গাঁও, ( বৰ্তমানৰ ৩ নম্বৰ ওৱাৰ্ড, [[পাঠশালা]], [[বজালী]] , অসম|death_date=৪ ছেপ্টেম্বৰ, ১৯৮৫|death_place=<nowiki> গুৱাহাটী, </nowiki>[[অসম]]|occupation=নাট্যকাৰ, অভিনেতা|nationality=[[ভাৰত|ভাৰতীয়]]|ethnicity=|citizenship={{flagicon|India}} [[ভাৰত]]|language=[[অসমীয়া ভাষা|অসমীয়া]]|education=|alma_mater=|period=|genre=নাট্য শিল্প|subject=|movement=|notableworks=|spouse=বিনদা গগৈ ( প্ৰথমা পত্নী), গংগাপ্ৰিয়া চৌধুৰী (দ্বিতীয়া পত্নী)|partner=|children=নগেন চৌধুৰী, মীৰা দত্ত চৌধুৰী|relatives=ৰঘুনাথ চৌধুৰী (পিতৃ) <br/> ভাগ্যেশ্বৰী চৌধুৰী (মাতৃ)|influences=|influenced=|awards=|signature=|signature_alt=|website=}} == প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন == চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীৰ জন্ম হয় ১৯১৭ চনৰ ২৭ এপ্ৰিল তাৰিখে পাঠশালা জিলাৰ পাঠলা গাঁৱত। পিতৃ ৰঘুনাথ চৌধুৰী আৰু মাতৃ ভাগ্যেশ্বৰী চৌধুৰী। দুই পুত্ৰ চন্দ্ৰ আৰু ভোলাৰ শৈশৱ কালতেই অকাল বিয়োগ ঘটে ৰঘুনাথ চৌধুৰীৰ। দুৰ্ভগীয়া মাতৃ ভাগ্যেশ্বৰী চৌধুৰীয়ে অশেষ দুখ কষ্টেৰে দুই পুত্ৰক লালন পালন কৰে। শৈশৱতে চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীয়ে মাতৃ ভাগ্যেশ্বৰীৰ কণ্ঠত বৰগীত, লোকগীত, দেহ বিচাৰৰ গীতৰ সুৰ শুনি শিল্প কলাৰ অনুৰাগী হৈ পৰিছিল। গাঁৱৰ [[নামঘৰ]]ত পাঠকে ভোৰ তাল বজাই নাম গোৱা দেখি ঘৰলৈ আহি ৰাগ টানি নাম গাবলৈ শিকিছিল। সৰস্বতী পূজা, স্থানীয় সভা আদিত যাত্ৰা, গায়ন-বায়নৰ ( কামৰূপীয়া ভাওনা) নাটক চাই আহি ঘৰত লগ সমনীয়া গোটাই মঞ্চ সাজি নাটক কৰিছিল। এনেদৰে শৈশৱতে চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীৰ মনত অংকুৰিত হৈছিল নাট্যশিল্পী হোৱাৰ বাসনা। সেই উদ্দেশ্যে শৈশৱতে সাক্ষাৎ কৰিছিল প্ৰখ্যাত নাট্য শিল্পী সন্তৰাম চৌধুৰীক। == কৰ্ম জীৱন == ১৯১৫ চনত মাত্ৰ আঠ বছৰ বয়সত চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীয়ে সন্তৰাম চৌধুৰীৰ পৰিচালনাত পাঠশালা নাট্য সমিতিৰ মঞ্চত অভিনেতা হিচাপে প্ৰথম প্ৰৱেশ কৰিছিল। ১৯৩১ চনত চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীয়ে সৰভোগৰ অভিনয়াচাৰ্য ব্ৰজনাথ শৰ্মাই সেই বছৰতে জন্ম দিয়া ''ডি অল আসাম ইউনিয়ন কোহিনুৰ অপেৰা পাৰ্টি'' ত যোগদান কৰে।<ref>গ্ৰন্থ : চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী | লেখিকা : মীৰা দত্ত চৌধুৰী | প্ৰকাশক : গতি অসম</ref> ব্যৱসায়িক যাত্ৰাদল ''কহিনুৰ অপেৰা'' ৰ এগৰাকী মুখ্য অভিনয় শিল্পী আছিল চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী। ১৯৩৩ চনত ''কহিনুৰ অপেৰাৰ'' জৰিয়তে অসমত প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে ব্যৱসায়িক নাট্য মঞ্চত সহ অভিনয় প্ৰৱৰ্তন কৰা সময়ত ব্ৰজনাথ শৰ্মাৰ সহযোগী আছিল ফণী শৰ্মা আৰু চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী। ''কহিনুৰ অপেৰা'' ফণী শৰ্মাৰ দৰমহা আছিল ২০ টকা আৰু চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীৰ দৰমহা আছিল ৭ টকা। ব্যৱসায়িক যাত্ৰাদলৰ পৰা ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰলৈকে নিজৰ ষাঠী বছৰীয়া অভিনয় জীৱনত চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীয়ে ছোকৰা, নাৰী চৰিত্ৰৰ পৰা নায়ক, খলনায়ক আদি সকলো প্ৰকাৰৰ চৰিত্ৰত অতি দক্ষতাৰে অভিনয় কৰিছিল। == বৈবাহিক জীৱন == [[ব্ৰজনাথ শৰ্মা]]ৰ কহিনুৰ অপেৰাৰ অন্যতম অভিনেত্ৰী বিনদা গগৈক সেই সময়ৰ ৰক্ষণশীল সমাজৰ প্ৰতিবন্ধকতালৈ ভয় নকৰি বিয়া কৰাই চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীয়ে সামাজিক স্বীকৃতি দিছিল।<ref>ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰ শিল্পীৰ পৃথিৱীত এভূমুকি প্ৰথম কুৰি বছৰ | অতুল মজুমদাৰ | প্ৰকাশক : শৰাইঘাট সাহিত্য সমাজ </ref> == বঁটা সন্মান স্বীকৃতি == ব্যৱসায়িক যাত্ৰাদলৰ পৰা ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰলৈকে নিজৰ ষাঠী বছৰীয়া অভিনয় জীৱনত চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীয়ে বিভিন্ন বঁটা, সন্মান আৰু স্বীকৃতি লাভ কৰিছে। ইয়াৰ ভিতৰত উল্লেখযোগ্য কেইটামান বটা, সন্মান, স্বীকৃতি এনেধৰণৰ : ১১ জুন, ১৯৭২ চনত [[বৰপেটা জিলা]]ৰ বৰপেটা মিলন মন্দিৰে নাট্য জগতলৈ আগবঢ়োৱা অনবদ্য অৱদানৰ বাবে চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীক আনুষ্ঠানিকভাৱে ''নাট্যসম্ৰাট'' অভিধা প্ৰদান কৰে। ১৯৯৮ চনত অসম চৰকাৰে চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীলৈ মৰণোত্তৰভাৱে আগবঢ়ায় দহ হেজাৰ টকাৰ এককালীন শিল্পী সাহায্য। ১৩ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী, ২০১১ চনত অসম নাট্য সন্মিলন ৪৯ সংখ্যক শিৱসাগৰ অধিৱেশনত মৰণোত্তৰভাৱে চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীক প্ৰদান কৰা হয় ''ব্ৰজনাথ শৰ্মা বঁটা।''<ref>গ্ৰন্থ : অসমৰ নাট্য ইতিহাসৰ চক্ৰনাভি নাট্যসম্ৰাট চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী | মুখ্য সম্পাদক: হিতেশ দত্ত | প্ৰকাশক : নাট্যসম্ৰাট চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী স্মৃতি ৰক্ষা সমিতি </ref> == তথ্য সংগ্ৰহ == 1o7jhj443b7gmmeb8eilk0fg3e5icrk 0 136844 605862 2026-05-11T14:40:17Z নৰুনা বৰুৱা 44897 নতুন পৃষ্ঠা: {{Short description|Emigration of highly educated people from Iran}} ১৯৭৯ চনৰ ইছলামিক বিপ্লৱৰ পিছৰে পৰা ইৰাণৰ পৰা মানৱ পুঁজিৰ বহিঃপ্ৰবাহ এক উল্লেখযোগ্য পৰিঘটনা।<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mahmoudi |first=Hassan |date=2021-04-21 |title=Iran Loses Highly Educated and Skilled Citizens during Long-Running "Brain D... 605862 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Emigration of highly educated people from Iran}} ১৯৭৯ চনৰ ইছলামিক বিপ্লৱৰ পিছৰে পৰা ইৰাণৰ পৰা মানৱ পুঁজিৰ বহিঃপ্ৰবাহ এক উল্লেখযোগ্য পৰিঘটনা।<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mahmoudi |first=Hassan |date=2021-04-21 |title=Iran Loses Highly Educated and Skilled Citizens during Long-Running "Brain Drain" |url=https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/iran-brain-drain-emigration |access-date=2022-03-20 |website=migrationpolicy.org |language=en}}</ref> ১৯৯০ চনৰ আৰম্ভণিতে প্ৰতি বছৰে ১ লাখ ৫০ হাজাৰতকৈ অধিক ইৰাণীয়ে ইছলামিক গণৰাজ্য এৰি থৈ যায় <ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/1999/06/carringt.htm|title=IMF research economist Enrica Detragiache and U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics economist William J. Carrington in the IMF's quarterly magazine, ''Finance and Development'' (v. 36, n. 2 (July 1999)|access-date=2011-12-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090831103411/http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/1999/06/carringt.htm|archive-date=2009-08-31|url-status=live}}</ref> আৰু সেই সময়ত উচ্চতৰ মাধ্যমিক শিক্ষা গ্ৰহণ কৰা সকলো ইৰাণীৰ আনুমানিক ২৫ শতাংশই বিদেশত অ'ইচিডিৰ মানদণ্ডৰ উন্নত দেশত বাস কৰিছিল।<ref name="auto"/><ref name="RFERLclarif">{{cite web |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/1342682.html |title=Clarification On The 'Brain Drain.' |publisher=Rferl.org |date=2004-04-12 |access-date=2011-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110526124322/http://www.rferl.org/content/article/1342682.html |archive-date=2011-05-26 |url-status=live }}</ref> ২০০৯ চনৰ আই এম এফৰ প্ৰতিবেদনত কোৱা হৈছে যে ইৰাণ শৈক্ষিক অভিজাত শ্ৰেণী হেৰুৱাই পেলোৱা দেশসমূহৰ তালিকাৰ শীৰ্ষত আছে; ই ১৫০,০০০ৰ পৰা ১ লাখ ৮০,০০০ ভিতৰত বিশেষজ্ঞ হেৰুৱাইছিল। যিটো মোটামুটিভাৱে যথেষ্ট মূলধনী লোকচানৰ সমতুল্য।.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.payvand.com/news/12/may/1297.html|title=Iran Faced With Growing Brain Drain: Report|work=payvand.com|access-date=2012-06-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170425200026/http://www.payvand.com/news/12/may/1297.html|archive-date=2017-04-25|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="PRB">{{cite web |url=http://www.prb.org/Articles/2004/IranFacesPressuretoProvideJobsAddressHealthDisparities.aspx |title=Iran Faces Pressure to Provide Jobs, Address Health Disparities by Yvette Collymore |publisher=Prb.org |date=2004-09-07 |access-date=2011-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120920043819/http://www.prb.org/Articles/2004/IranFacesPressuretoProvideJobsAddressHealthDisparities.aspx |archive-date=2012-09-20 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Frances |last=Harrison |title=Huge cost of Iranian brain drain |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/6240287.stm |publisher=BBC News |date=2007-01-08 |access-date=2007-01-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070109193238/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/6240287.stm |archive-date=2007-01-09 |url-status=live }}</ref> ইয়াৰ উপৰিও ২০০৯ চনৰ ইৰাণৰ নিৰ্বাচনী প্ৰতিবাদৰ পিছত ৰাজনৈতিক দমনৰ ফলত ইৰাণৰ বুদ্ধিজীৱীসকলৰ গণ পলায়ন ঘটে, যাক "ক্ৰমবৰ্ধমান শৰণাৰ্থী পলায়ন" বুলি বৰ্ণনা কৰা হয়।<ref>"Iran's refugee exodus is exacerbating a brain drain that has stunted the country's development for years." [https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB126049484505086861?mod=rss_Today's_Most_Popular Thousands Flee Iran as Noose Tightens] DECEMBER 11, 2009</ref> ইয়াৰ উপৰিও আমেৰিকাৰ কেন্দ্ৰীয় চোৰাংচোৱা সংস্থাই (CIA) "ব্ৰেইনড্ৰেইন প্ৰজেক্ট" নামৰ এক গোপন অভিযান চলাই আছে বুলিও বাতৰি প্ৰকাশ পাইছে, যাৰ লক্ষ্য হৈছে ইৰাণৰ পাৰমাণৱিক বিশেষজ্ঞসকলক নিজৰ পক্ষলৈ আকৰ্ষণ কৰা, যাৰ ফলত ইৰাণৰ পাৰমাণৱিক কাৰ্যসূচী দুৰ্বল হৈ পৰিছে। <ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/11/world/middleeast/11assess.html?src=mv | work=The New York Times | title=Beyond Iran Sanctions, Plans B, C, D and | first=David E. | last=Sanger | date=June 10, 2010 | access-date=February 24, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160725104855/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/11/world/middleeast/11assess.html?src=mv | archive-date=July 25, 2016 | url-status=live }}</ref> ২০২৪ চনৰ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী মাহত ইৰাণ চৰকাৰে শিক্ষিত ব্যক্তিৰ প্ৰব্ৰজন ৰোধৰ বাবে প্ৰচেষ্টা আৰম্ভ কৰে, য’ত চোৰাংচোৱাগিৰি বৃদ্ধি আৰু মানুহৰ চলাচলত সম্ভাৱ্য বাধা আৰোপ কৰা হয়। <ref>{{cite web | last1=فردا | first1=رادیو | url=https://www.radiofarda.com/a/32827133.html | title=برخورد با دفاتر مهاجرتی برای جلوگیری از مهاجرت بیشتر نخبگان از ایران | work=رادیو فردا }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://ir.voanews.com/a/security-view-of-the-islamic-republic-on-the-migration-of-elites/7494624.html | title=همکاری بنیاد نخبگان و پلیس گذرنامه؛ مهاجرت هم امنیتی شد | date=20 February 2024 }}</ref> ==পটভূমি== Between 1991 and 1999, job creation in [[Iran]] could provide for "less than 60 percent of those entering the job market", according to a 2003 [[United Nations]] Common Country Assessment of Iran's development.<ref name="PRB"/> The [[Central Intelligence Agency]] estimates that 77 percent of 51 million of Iranians aged 15 and over can read and write.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/iran/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110162554/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/iran |url-status=dead |archive-date=10 January 2021 |title=World Factbook, Iran |publisher=Cia.gov |access-date=2011-03-31 }}</ref> A significant majority of this population is at or approaching collegiate levels. Among the factors contributing to the brain-drain in Iran are: "economic well-being and better educational prospects abroad. The inability of the home country to respond to its citizens' needs, coupled with high unemployment rates and a general lack of intellectual and social security, all contribute to the brain-drain. Additionally, [[Censorship in Iran|self-censorship]] prevents people from thinking and writing freely, a limitation that makes both scientific and social science research extremely difficult".<ref name="Hakimzadeh">{{cite web |url=http://www.migrationinformation.org/Profiles/display.cfm?ID=424 |title=Iran: A Vast Diaspora Abroad and Millions of Refugees at Home By Shirin Hakimzadeh |publisher=Migrationinformation.org |access-date=2011-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140215052030/http://migrationinformation.org/Profiles/display.cfm?ID=424 |archive-date=2014-02-15 |url-status=live }}</ref> Intense competition for university seats in Iran also plays a key role. Only about 11 percent of the approximately 1.5 million people who take exams annually are accepted into a university. Even after acquiring an undergraduate degree, young people find that there are few jobs available. According to official statistics, of the 270,000 university graduates entering the labour market each year, an estimated 75,000 can find jobs. The flight of [[human capital]] costs the government over $38 billion annually, two times the revenues received from [[Petroleum industry in Iran|selling oil]]. Under the provisions of a five-year development plan, the country is trying to create jobs for its unemployed population, though the results of these efforts have not yet materialized. Consequently, the country remains unable to benefit from [[Iranian diaspora|its educated diaspora]] or its pool of unemployed experts at home."<ref name="Hakimzadeh"/> ==ইতিহাস== Emigration from [[Iran]] is said by one source<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hakimzadeh |first=Shirin |date=2006-09-01 |title=Iran: A Vast Diaspora Abroad and Millions of Refugees at Home |url=https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/iran-vast-diaspora-abroad-and-millions-refugees-home |access-date=2023-01-04 |website=migrationpolicy.org |language=en}}</ref> to have started in earnest with [[Conscription in Iran|conscription]] for the [[Iran–Iraq War]]. The government's need for fresh troops and the high mortality rate of those troops led to the flight of draft-age Iranian men to other countries. Another factor may have been the [[Iranian Cultural Revolution]], which occurred after the [[Iranian Revolution|1979 Islamic Revolution]]. On 12 June 1980, the Cultural Revolution shut down Iran's higher-education system for over a year with the goal of a complete overhaul. Nonetheless, the flight abroad of educated Iranians was commented on as early as 31 October 1980, when its importance was disparaged by the Iranian revolutionary leader [[Ruhollah Khomeini]]: :''"They say there is a brain drain. Let these decayed brains flee. Do not mourn them, let them pursue their own definitions of being. Is every brain with—what you call—science in it honourable? Shall we sit and mourn the brains that escaped? Shall we worry about these brains fleeing to the [[United States|US]] and the [[United Kingdom|UK]]? Let these brains flee and be replaced by more appropriate brains. Now that they (the [[Islamic republic|Islamic Republic]]) are filtering, you are sitting worried why they are executing [people]? Why are you discussing these rotten brains of [these] lost people? Why are you questioning [[Islam]]? Are they fleeing? To hell with them. Let them flee. They were not scientific brains. All the better. Don't be concerned. They should escape. [Iran] is not a place for them to live any more. These fleeing brains are of no use to us. Let them flee. If you know that this is no place for you, you should flee too."''<ref>Interview with [[Ettelaat]] newspaper, آیت الله روح الله خمینی در ملاقات با اعضای کمیته امداد روزنامه اطلاعات، 9 آبان ماه 1358 . Link: [http://www.iranpressnews.com/source/009122.htm See second paragraph] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20060509205414/http://www.iranpressnews.com/source/009122.htm |date=2006-05-09}} {{in lang|fa}}</ref> The trend continued during the Iran–Iraq War, and after a post-war relative calm, picked up once again during the unprecedented incursion of the [[Ulama|clerical establishment]] in Iranian universities, the last firm bastion of Iran's reformists. In November 2005, a cleric{{Who|date=March 2022}} became chancellor of the [[University of Tehran]], replacing Dr. Faraji-dana, and marking the first time that Iran's clerical establishment replaced traditional academia to head a major academic institution. He has however written several books and has served on the faculty of the College of Law as an expert on [[Fiqh|Islamic jurisprudence]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/iran/story/2005/11/051125_mf_amid.shtml |title=نخستين رئيس روحانی برای دانشگاه تهران |publisher=BBC News |access-date=2011-10-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419062431/http://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/iran/story/2005/11/051125_mf_amid.shtml |archive-date=2012-04-19 |url-status=live }}</ref> The lengthy [[List of contemporary Iranian scientists, scholars, and engineers|list of Iranian chairs and directors of academia in these countries]] is arguably a sound index of this reality. Iran's brain-drain has become a focus of the media both domestically and internationally.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.payvand.com/news/01/may/1010.html|title=220,000 academics leave Iran in one year, brain drain rising - Moin warns|work=Payvand|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080409015930/http://www.payvand.com/news/01/may/1010.html|archive-date=2008-04-09|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iranian.ws/cgi-bin/iran_news/exec/view.cgi/2/3811|title=iranian.ws -&nbsp;Iranian Resources and Information.|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304031249/http://www.iranian.ws/cgi-bin/iran_news/exec/view.cgi/2/3811|archive-date=2016-03-04|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iranian.com/Opinion/2002/August/Brain/|title=THE IRANIAN: Brain drain, Ahmad Anvari|publisher=iranian.com|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071117034236/http://www.iranian.com/Opinion/2002/August/Brain/|archive-date=2007-11-17|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iranian.com/Opinion/2002/October/Brain/|title=THE IRANIAN: Brain drain, Mohammad Ala|publisher=iranian.com|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071117034245/http://www.iranian.com/Opinion/2002/October/Brain/|archive-date=2007-11-17|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.scidev.net/News/index.cfm?fuseaction=readNews&itemid=1485&language=1|title=Science & technology for global development news & analysis|publisher=SciDev.Net|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071117163807/http://www.scidev.net/News/index.cfm?fuseaction=readNews&itemid=1485&language=1|archive-date=2007-11-17|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parapundit.com/archives/002003.html|title=ParaPundit: Iran Has Highest Rate Of Emigration Brain Drain|work=parapundit.com|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080808120419/http://www.parapundit.com/archives/002003.html|archive-date=2008-08-08|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/1051803.html|title=Iran: Coping With The World's Highest Rate Of Brain Drain|newspaper=RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080413221553/http://www.rferl.org/featuresarticle/2004/03/c655d456-07df-405a-8fe9-aad51173bd66.html|archive-date=2008-04-13|url-status=live |last1=Esfandiari |first1=Golnaz }}</ref> Some blame an impoverished job market (which in turn is blamed by many on [[Western world|Western]]-imposed [[Sanctions against Iran|economic sanctions]]), while others blame a notoriously tightening social system. As a symptom of this, in 2006, Iranian president [[Mahmoud Ahmadinejad]] promised to eradicate all universities from what he called "the [[Liberalism|liberal]] and [[Secularity|secular]] influence".<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/6196069.stm|publisher=BBC|title=Mass purges at Iran universities|first=Frances|last=Harrison|date=20 December 2006 |author-link=Frances Harrison|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080407005558/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/6196069.stm|archive-date=2008-04-07|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2006/sep/06/highereducation.iran|work=The Guardian|title=Iranian president calls for purge of liberal lecturers|first=Robert|last=Tait|date=September 6, 2006|access-date=April 22, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080907083349/http://education.guardian.co.uk/higher/worldwide/story/0,,1865731,00.html|archive-date=September 7, 2008|url-status=live}}</ref> A report by ''The Washington Prism'' in January 2006 claims that the [[International Monetary Fund]] considers Iran to be ranked highest in [[Human capital flight|brain-drain]] among [[Developing country|developing countries]], with an estimated 180,000 people exiting Iran.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.washingtonprism.org/showarticle.cfm?id=213 |title=Washington Prism |publisher=Washington Prism |access-date=2011-10-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080406030207/http://www.washingtonprism.org/showarticle.cfm?id=213 |archive-date=2008-04-06 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The [[Islamic Republic News Agency]] reports the figure to be 200,000.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.payvand.com/news/06/apr/1188.html |title=Iran's Brain Drain: 200,000 graduates trying to go abroad |publisher=Payvand.com |date=2006-11-22 |access-date=2011-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110522031638/http://www.payvand.com/news/06/apr/1188.html |archive-date=2011-05-22 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/iran/2011/02/110214_l28_250_thousand_iranian_specialists_america.shtml |title=BBC فارسی - ايران - وزارت علوم:۲۵۰ هزار متخصص ايرانى در آمريكای شمالی هستند |date=14 February 2011 |publisher=BBC News |access-date=2011-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110317180338/http://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/iran/2011/02/110214_l28_250_thousand_iranian_specialists_america.shtml |archive-date=2011-03-17 |url-status=live }}</ref> According to the Iranian [[Ministry of Education (Iran)|Ministry of Culture and Higher Education]], there are approximately 50,000 Iranian students currently studying abroad.<ref name="Iranian Embassy in Oslo">{{cite web|title=Education System in Iran|url=http://www.iran-embassy-oslo.no/embassy/educat.htm|publisher=Iranian Embassy in Oslo|access-date=7 May 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090609234100/http://www.iran-embassy-oslo.no/embassy/educat.htm|archive-date=9 June 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==ধাৰা ওলোটা কৰাৰ প্ৰচেষ্টা== In recent years, several measures have been taken to slow down the brain-drain by providing work and research facilities for academics and highly skilled workers. In February 2003, the [[Iran National Science Foundation]] was established to promote [[science and technology in Iran]] and benefit the welfare of those engaged in [[research and development]]. Another institution founded to deal with the welfare of Iranians working in the sciences and technology is the "Iran National Geniuses" foundation.<ref>{{Cite web |title=.: بنیاد ملی نخبگان |url=http://www.bonyad-nokhbegan.ir/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080423102932/http://www.bonyad-nokhbegan.ir/ |archive-date=2008-04-23 |access-date=2008-04-22}}</ref> Iran has tried to compensate for the brain-drain by introducing the Graduate Record Bill, which calls for the internalization and expansion of education at the graduate level, thus increasing the number of graduates.<ref>{{cite book |url=http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=12185&page=25 |title=Science and Technology and the Future Development of Societies: International Workshop Proceedings |publisher=Nap.edu |date=2007-02-11 |doi=10.17226/12185 |isbn=978-0-309-11927-6 |access-date=2011-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121016082426/http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=12185&page=25 |archive-date=2012-10-16 |url-status=live }}</ref> ==তথ্যৰ উৎস== {{reflist}} ==অধিক পঢ়ক== *{{cite journal|title=The brain drain from Iran to the United States|first=Akbar E|last=Torbat|journal=Middle East Journal|pages=272–295|date=Spring 2002|volume=56|issue=2}} *Migration Information: {{cite web|url=http://www.migrationinformation.org/Profiles/display.cfm?ID=424|title=Iran: A Vast Diaspora Abroad and Millions of Refugees at Home|work=migrationpolicy.org|access-date=2008-12-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140215052030/http://migrationinformation.org/Profiles/display.cfm?ID=424|archive-date=2014-02-15|url-status=live}} *UCSC Study: {{Cite web |url=http://users.soe.ucsc.edu/~daraei/files/BrainDrain.jpg |title=Baskin School of Engineering – Baskin Engineering provides unique educational opportunities, world-class research with an eye to social responsibility and diversity |access-date=2014-01-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140110001124/http://users.soe.ucsc.edu/~daraei/files/BrainDrain.jpg |archive-date=2014-01-10 |url-status=live }} ==External links== *[https://web.archive.org/web/20100525045858/http://www.g15.org/workingpaper5.pdf International Migration, Remittances and the Brain Drain] in [[Group of 15]] Countries d5hi5zw3q87xrj9oreccbznewrfc8d0 605863 605862 2026-05-11T14:42:11Z নৰুনা বৰুৱা 44897 পৃষ্ঠা [[ইৰানৰ পৰা মানৱ মূলধনৰ পলায়ন]]ৰ পৰা [[ইৰাণৰ পৰা মানৱ মূলধনৰ বহিঃপ্ৰবাহ]]লৈ নৰুনা বৰুৱায়ে স্থানান্তৰ কৰিলে 605862 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Emigration of highly educated people from Iran}} ১৯৭৯ চনৰ ইছলামিক বিপ্লৱৰ পিছৰে পৰা ইৰাণৰ পৰা মানৱ পুঁজিৰ বহিঃপ্ৰবাহ এক উল্লেখযোগ্য পৰিঘটনা।<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mahmoudi |first=Hassan |date=2021-04-21 |title=Iran Loses Highly Educated and Skilled Citizens during Long-Running "Brain Drain" |url=https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/iran-brain-drain-emigration |access-date=2022-03-20 |website=migrationpolicy.org |language=en}}</ref> ১৯৯০ চনৰ আৰম্ভণিতে প্ৰতি বছৰে ১ লাখ ৫০ হাজাৰতকৈ অধিক ইৰাণীয়ে ইছলামিক গণৰাজ্য এৰি থৈ যায় <ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/1999/06/carringt.htm|title=IMF research economist Enrica Detragiache and U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics economist William J. Carrington in the IMF's quarterly magazine, ''Finance and Development'' (v. 36, n. 2 (July 1999)|access-date=2011-12-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090831103411/http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/1999/06/carringt.htm|archive-date=2009-08-31|url-status=live}}</ref> আৰু সেই সময়ত উচ্চতৰ মাধ্যমিক শিক্ষা গ্ৰহণ কৰা সকলো ইৰাণীৰ আনুমানিক ২৫ শতাংশই বিদেশত অ'ইচিডিৰ মানদণ্ডৰ উন্নত দেশত বাস কৰিছিল।<ref name="auto"/><ref name="RFERLclarif">{{cite web |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/1342682.html |title=Clarification On The 'Brain Drain.' |publisher=Rferl.org |date=2004-04-12 |access-date=2011-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110526124322/http://www.rferl.org/content/article/1342682.html |archive-date=2011-05-26 |url-status=live }}</ref> ২০০৯ চনৰ আই এম এফৰ প্ৰতিবেদনত কোৱা হৈছে যে ইৰাণ শৈক্ষিক অভিজাত শ্ৰেণী হেৰুৱাই পেলোৱা দেশসমূহৰ তালিকাৰ শীৰ্ষত আছে; ই ১৫০,০০০ৰ পৰা ১ লাখ ৮০,০০০ ভিতৰত বিশেষজ্ঞ হেৰুৱাইছিল। যিটো মোটামুটিভাৱে যথেষ্ট মূলধনী লোকচানৰ সমতুল্য।.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.payvand.com/news/12/may/1297.html|title=Iran Faced With Growing Brain Drain: Report|work=payvand.com|access-date=2012-06-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170425200026/http://www.payvand.com/news/12/may/1297.html|archive-date=2017-04-25|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="PRB">{{cite web |url=http://www.prb.org/Articles/2004/IranFacesPressuretoProvideJobsAddressHealthDisparities.aspx |title=Iran Faces Pressure to Provide Jobs, Address Health Disparities by Yvette Collymore |publisher=Prb.org |date=2004-09-07 |access-date=2011-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120920043819/http://www.prb.org/Articles/2004/IranFacesPressuretoProvideJobsAddressHealthDisparities.aspx |archive-date=2012-09-20 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Frances |last=Harrison |title=Huge cost of Iranian brain drain |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/6240287.stm |publisher=BBC News |date=2007-01-08 |access-date=2007-01-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070109193238/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/6240287.stm |archive-date=2007-01-09 |url-status=live }}</ref> ইয়াৰ উপৰিও ২০০৯ চনৰ ইৰাণৰ নিৰ্বাচনী প্ৰতিবাদৰ পিছত ৰাজনৈতিক দমনৰ ফলত ইৰাণৰ বুদ্ধিজীৱীসকলৰ গণ পলায়ন ঘটে, যাক "ক্ৰমবৰ্ধমান শৰণাৰ্থী পলায়ন" বুলি বৰ্ণনা কৰা হয়।<ref>"Iran's refugee exodus is exacerbating a brain drain that has stunted the country's development for years." [https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB126049484505086861?mod=rss_Today's_Most_Popular Thousands Flee Iran as Noose Tightens] DECEMBER 11, 2009</ref> ইয়াৰ উপৰিও আমেৰিকাৰ কেন্দ্ৰীয় চোৰাংচোৱা সংস্থাই (CIA) "ব্ৰেইনড্ৰেইন প্ৰজেক্ট" নামৰ এক গোপন অভিযান চলাই আছে বুলিও বাতৰি প্ৰকাশ পাইছে, যাৰ লক্ষ্য হৈছে ইৰাণৰ পাৰমাণৱিক বিশেষজ্ঞসকলক নিজৰ পক্ষলৈ আকৰ্ষণ কৰা, যাৰ ফলত ইৰাণৰ পাৰমাণৱিক কাৰ্যসূচী দুৰ্বল হৈ পৰিছে। <ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/11/world/middleeast/11assess.html?src=mv | work=The New York Times | title=Beyond Iran Sanctions, Plans B, C, D and | first=David E. | last=Sanger | date=June 10, 2010 | access-date=February 24, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160725104855/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/11/world/middleeast/11assess.html?src=mv | archive-date=July 25, 2016 | url-status=live }}</ref> ২০২৪ চনৰ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী মাহত ইৰাণ চৰকাৰে শিক্ষিত ব্যক্তিৰ প্ৰব্ৰজন ৰোধৰ বাবে প্ৰচেষ্টা আৰম্ভ কৰে, য’ত চোৰাংচোৱাগিৰি বৃদ্ধি আৰু মানুহৰ চলাচলত সম্ভাৱ্য বাধা আৰোপ কৰা হয়। <ref>{{cite web | last1=فردا | first1=رادیو | url=https://www.radiofarda.com/a/32827133.html | title=برخورد با دفاتر مهاجرتی برای جلوگیری از مهاجرت بیشتر نخبگان از ایران | work=رادیو فردا }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://ir.voanews.com/a/security-view-of-the-islamic-republic-on-the-migration-of-elites/7494624.html | title=همکاری بنیاد نخبگان و پلیس گذرنامه؛ مهاجرت هم امنیتی شد | date=20 February 2024 }}</ref> ==পটভূমি== Between 1991 and 1999, job creation in [[Iran]] could provide for "less than 60 percent of those entering the job market", according to a 2003 [[United Nations]] Common Country Assessment of Iran's development.<ref name="PRB"/> The [[Central Intelligence Agency]] estimates that 77 percent of 51 million of Iranians aged 15 and over can read and write.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/iran/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110162554/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/iran |url-status=dead |archive-date=10 January 2021 |title=World Factbook, Iran |publisher=Cia.gov |access-date=2011-03-31 }}</ref> A significant majority of this population is at or approaching collegiate levels. Among the factors contributing to the brain-drain in Iran are: "economic well-being and better educational prospects abroad. The inability of the home country to respond to its citizens' needs, coupled with high unemployment rates and a general lack of intellectual and social security, all contribute to the brain-drain. Additionally, [[Censorship in Iran|self-censorship]] prevents people from thinking and writing freely, a limitation that makes both scientific and social science research extremely difficult".<ref name="Hakimzadeh">{{cite web |url=http://www.migrationinformation.org/Profiles/display.cfm?ID=424 |title=Iran: A Vast Diaspora Abroad and Millions of Refugees at Home By Shirin Hakimzadeh |publisher=Migrationinformation.org |access-date=2011-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140215052030/http://migrationinformation.org/Profiles/display.cfm?ID=424 |archive-date=2014-02-15 |url-status=live }}</ref> Intense competition for university seats in Iran also plays a key role. Only about 11 percent of the approximately 1.5 million people who take exams annually are accepted into a university. Even after acquiring an undergraduate degree, young people find that there are few jobs available. According to official statistics, of the 270,000 university graduates entering the labour market each year, an estimated 75,000 can find jobs. The flight of [[human capital]] costs the government over $38 billion annually, two times the revenues received from [[Petroleum industry in Iran|selling oil]]. Under the provisions of a five-year development plan, the country is trying to create jobs for its unemployed population, though the results of these efforts have not yet materialized. Consequently, the country remains unable to benefit from [[Iranian diaspora|its educated diaspora]] or its pool of unemployed experts at home."<ref name="Hakimzadeh"/> ==ইতিহাস== Emigration from [[Iran]] is said by one source<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hakimzadeh |first=Shirin |date=2006-09-01 |title=Iran: A Vast Diaspora Abroad and Millions of Refugees at Home |url=https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/iran-vast-diaspora-abroad-and-millions-refugees-home |access-date=2023-01-04 |website=migrationpolicy.org |language=en}}</ref> to have started in earnest with [[Conscription in Iran|conscription]] for the [[Iran–Iraq War]]. The government's need for fresh troops and the high mortality rate of those troops led to the flight of draft-age Iranian men to other countries. Another factor may have been the [[Iranian Cultural Revolution]], which occurred after the [[Iranian Revolution|1979 Islamic Revolution]]. On 12 June 1980, the Cultural Revolution shut down Iran's higher-education system for over a year with the goal of a complete overhaul. Nonetheless, the flight abroad of educated Iranians was commented on as early as 31 October 1980, when its importance was disparaged by the Iranian revolutionary leader [[Ruhollah Khomeini]]: :''"They say there is a brain drain. Let these decayed brains flee. Do not mourn them, let them pursue their own definitions of being. Is every brain with—what you call—science in it honourable? Shall we sit and mourn the brains that escaped? Shall we worry about these brains fleeing to the [[United States|US]] and the [[United Kingdom|UK]]? Let these brains flee and be replaced by more appropriate brains. Now that they (the [[Islamic republic|Islamic Republic]]) are filtering, you are sitting worried why they are executing [people]? Why are you discussing these rotten brains of [these] lost people? Why are you questioning [[Islam]]? Are they fleeing? To hell with them. Let them flee. They were not scientific brains. All the better. Don't be concerned. They should escape. [Iran] is not a place for them to live any more. These fleeing brains are of no use to us. Let them flee. If you know that this is no place for you, you should flee too."''<ref>Interview with [[Ettelaat]] newspaper, آیت الله روح الله خمینی در ملاقات با اعضای کمیته امداد روزنامه اطلاعات، 9 آبان ماه 1358 . Link: [http://www.iranpressnews.com/source/009122.htm See second paragraph] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20060509205414/http://www.iranpressnews.com/source/009122.htm |date=2006-05-09}} {{in lang|fa}}</ref> The trend continued during the Iran–Iraq War, and after a post-war relative calm, picked up once again during the unprecedented incursion of the [[Ulama|clerical establishment]] in Iranian universities, the last firm bastion of Iran's reformists. In November 2005, a cleric{{Who|date=March 2022}} became chancellor of the [[University of Tehran]], replacing Dr. Faraji-dana, and marking the first time that Iran's clerical establishment replaced traditional academia to head a major academic institution. He has however written several books and has served on the faculty of the College of Law as an expert on [[Fiqh|Islamic jurisprudence]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/iran/story/2005/11/051125_mf_amid.shtml |title=نخستين رئيس روحانی برای دانشگاه تهران |publisher=BBC News |access-date=2011-10-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419062431/http://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/iran/story/2005/11/051125_mf_amid.shtml |archive-date=2012-04-19 |url-status=live }}</ref> The lengthy [[List of contemporary Iranian scientists, scholars, and engineers|list of Iranian chairs and directors of academia in these countries]] is arguably a sound index of this reality. Iran's brain-drain has become a focus of the media both domestically and internationally.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.payvand.com/news/01/may/1010.html|title=220,000 academics leave Iran in one year, brain drain rising - Moin warns|work=Payvand|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080409015930/http://www.payvand.com/news/01/may/1010.html|archive-date=2008-04-09|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iranian.ws/cgi-bin/iran_news/exec/view.cgi/2/3811|title=iranian.ws -&nbsp;Iranian Resources and Information.|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304031249/http://www.iranian.ws/cgi-bin/iran_news/exec/view.cgi/2/3811|archive-date=2016-03-04|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iranian.com/Opinion/2002/August/Brain/|title=THE IRANIAN: Brain drain, Ahmad Anvari|publisher=iranian.com|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071117034236/http://www.iranian.com/Opinion/2002/August/Brain/|archive-date=2007-11-17|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iranian.com/Opinion/2002/October/Brain/|title=THE IRANIAN: Brain drain, Mohammad Ala|publisher=iranian.com|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071117034245/http://www.iranian.com/Opinion/2002/October/Brain/|archive-date=2007-11-17|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.scidev.net/News/index.cfm?fuseaction=readNews&itemid=1485&language=1|title=Science & technology for global development news & analysis|publisher=SciDev.Net|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071117163807/http://www.scidev.net/News/index.cfm?fuseaction=readNews&itemid=1485&language=1|archive-date=2007-11-17|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parapundit.com/archives/002003.html|title=ParaPundit: Iran Has Highest Rate Of Emigration Brain Drain|work=parapundit.com|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080808120419/http://www.parapundit.com/archives/002003.html|archive-date=2008-08-08|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/1051803.html|title=Iran: Coping With The World's Highest Rate Of Brain Drain|newspaper=RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080413221553/http://www.rferl.org/featuresarticle/2004/03/c655d456-07df-405a-8fe9-aad51173bd66.html|archive-date=2008-04-13|url-status=live |last1=Esfandiari |first1=Golnaz }}</ref> Some blame an impoverished job market (which in turn is blamed by many on [[Western world|Western]]-imposed [[Sanctions against Iran|economic sanctions]]), while others blame a notoriously tightening social system. As a symptom of this, in 2006, Iranian president [[Mahmoud Ahmadinejad]] promised to eradicate all universities from what he called "the [[Liberalism|liberal]] and [[Secularity|secular]] influence".<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/6196069.stm|publisher=BBC|title=Mass purges at Iran universities|first=Frances|last=Harrison|date=20 December 2006 |author-link=Frances Harrison|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080407005558/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/6196069.stm|archive-date=2008-04-07|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2006/sep/06/highereducation.iran|work=The Guardian|title=Iranian president calls for purge of liberal lecturers|first=Robert|last=Tait|date=September 6, 2006|access-date=April 22, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080907083349/http://education.guardian.co.uk/higher/worldwide/story/0,,1865731,00.html|archive-date=September 7, 2008|url-status=live}}</ref> A report by ''The Washington Prism'' in January 2006 claims that the [[International Monetary Fund]] considers Iran to be ranked highest in [[Human capital flight|brain-drain]] among [[Developing country|developing countries]], with an estimated 180,000 people exiting Iran.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.washingtonprism.org/showarticle.cfm?id=213 |title=Washington Prism |publisher=Washington Prism |access-date=2011-10-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080406030207/http://www.washingtonprism.org/showarticle.cfm?id=213 |archive-date=2008-04-06 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The [[Islamic Republic News Agency]] reports the figure to be 200,000.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.payvand.com/news/06/apr/1188.html |title=Iran's Brain Drain: 200,000 graduates trying to go abroad |publisher=Payvand.com |date=2006-11-22 |access-date=2011-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110522031638/http://www.payvand.com/news/06/apr/1188.html |archive-date=2011-05-22 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/iran/2011/02/110214_l28_250_thousand_iranian_specialists_america.shtml |title=BBC فارسی - ايران - وزارت علوم:۲۵۰ هزار متخصص ايرانى در آمريكای شمالی هستند |date=14 February 2011 |publisher=BBC News |access-date=2011-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110317180338/http://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/iran/2011/02/110214_l28_250_thousand_iranian_specialists_america.shtml |archive-date=2011-03-17 |url-status=live }}</ref> According to the Iranian [[Ministry of Education (Iran)|Ministry of Culture and Higher Education]], there are approximately 50,000 Iranian students currently studying abroad.<ref name="Iranian Embassy in Oslo">{{cite web|title=Education System in Iran|url=http://www.iran-embassy-oslo.no/embassy/educat.htm|publisher=Iranian Embassy in Oslo|access-date=7 May 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090609234100/http://www.iran-embassy-oslo.no/embassy/educat.htm|archive-date=9 June 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==ধাৰা ওলোটা কৰাৰ প্ৰচেষ্টা== In recent years, several measures have been taken to slow down the brain-drain by providing work and research facilities for academics and highly skilled workers. In February 2003, the [[Iran National Science Foundation]] was established to promote [[science and technology in Iran]] and benefit the welfare of those engaged in [[research and development]]. Another institution founded to deal with the welfare of Iranians working in the sciences and technology is the "Iran National Geniuses" foundation.<ref>{{Cite web |title=.: بنیاد ملی نخبگان |url=http://www.bonyad-nokhbegan.ir/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080423102932/http://www.bonyad-nokhbegan.ir/ |archive-date=2008-04-23 |access-date=2008-04-22}}</ref> Iran has tried to compensate for the brain-drain by introducing the Graduate Record Bill, which calls for the internalization and expansion of education at the graduate level, thus increasing the number of graduates.<ref>{{cite book |url=http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=12185&page=25 |title=Science and Technology and the Future Development of Societies: International Workshop Proceedings |publisher=Nap.edu |date=2007-02-11 |doi=10.17226/12185 |isbn=978-0-309-11927-6 |access-date=2011-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121016082426/http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=12185&page=25 |archive-date=2012-10-16 |url-status=live }}</ref> ==তথ্যৰ উৎস== {{reflist}} ==অধিক পঢ়ক== *{{cite journal|title=The brain drain from Iran to the United States|first=Akbar E|last=Torbat|journal=Middle East Journal|pages=272–295|date=Spring 2002|volume=56|issue=2}} *Migration Information: {{cite web|url=http://www.migrationinformation.org/Profiles/display.cfm?ID=424|title=Iran: A Vast Diaspora Abroad and Millions of Refugees at Home|work=migrationpolicy.org|access-date=2008-12-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140215052030/http://migrationinformation.org/Profiles/display.cfm?ID=424|archive-date=2014-02-15|url-status=live}} *UCSC Study: {{Cite web |url=http://users.soe.ucsc.edu/~daraei/files/BrainDrain.jpg |title=Baskin School of Engineering – Baskin Engineering provides unique educational opportunities, world-class research with an eye to social responsibility and diversity |access-date=2014-01-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140110001124/http://users.soe.ucsc.edu/~daraei/files/BrainDrain.jpg |archive-date=2014-01-10 |url-status=live }} ==External links== *[https://web.archive.org/web/20100525045858/http://www.g15.org/workingpaper5.pdf International Migration, Remittances and the Brain Drain] in [[Group of 15]] Countries d5hi5zw3q87xrj9oreccbznewrfc8d0 605865 605863 2026-05-11T14:42:53Z নৰুনা বৰুৱা 44897 605865 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Emigration of highly educated people from Iran}} '''ইৰাণৰ পৰা মানৱ মূলধনৰ বহিঃপ্ৰবাহ''' ১৯৭৯ চনৰ ইছলামিক বিপ্লৱৰ পিছৰে পৰা ইৰাণৰ পৰা মানৱ পুঁজিৰ বহিঃপ্ৰবাহ এক উল্লেখযোগ্য পৰিঘটনা।<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mahmoudi |first=Hassan |date=2021-04-21 |title=Iran Loses Highly Educated and Skilled Citizens during Long-Running "Brain Drain" |url=https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/iran-brain-drain-emigration |access-date=2022-03-20 |website=migrationpolicy.org |language=en}}</ref> ১৯৯০ চনৰ আৰম্ভণিতে প্ৰতি বছৰে ১ লাখ ৫০ হাজাৰতকৈ অধিক ইৰাণীয়ে ইছলামিক গণৰাজ্য এৰি থৈ যায় <ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/1999/06/carringt.htm|title=IMF research economist Enrica Detragiache and U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics economist William J. Carrington in the IMF's quarterly magazine, ''Finance and Development'' (v. 36, n. 2 (July 1999)|access-date=2011-12-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090831103411/http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/1999/06/carringt.htm|archive-date=2009-08-31|url-status=live}}</ref> আৰু সেই সময়ত উচ্চতৰ মাধ্যমিক শিক্ষা গ্ৰহণ কৰা সকলো ইৰাণীৰ আনুমানিক ২৫ শতাংশই বিদেশত অ'ইচিডিৰ মানদণ্ডৰ উন্নত দেশত বাস কৰিছিল।<ref name="auto"/><ref name="RFERLclarif">{{cite web |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/1342682.html |title=Clarification On The 'Brain Drain.' |publisher=Rferl.org |date=2004-04-12 |access-date=2011-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110526124322/http://www.rferl.org/content/article/1342682.html |archive-date=2011-05-26 |url-status=live }}</ref> ২০০৯ চনৰ আই এম এফৰ প্ৰতিবেদনত কোৱা হৈছে যে ইৰাণ শৈক্ষিক অভিজাত শ্ৰেণী হেৰুৱাই পেলোৱা দেশসমূহৰ তালিকাৰ শীৰ্ষত আছে; ই ১৫০,০০০ৰ পৰা ১ লাখ ৮০,০০০ ভিতৰত বিশেষজ্ঞ হেৰুৱাইছিল। যিটো মোটামুটিভাৱে যথেষ্ট মূলধনী লোকচানৰ সমতুল্য।.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.payvand.com/news/12/may/1297.html|title=Iran Faced With Growing Brain Drain: Report|work=payvand.com|access-date=2012-06-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170425200026/http://www.payvand.com/news/12/may/1297.html|archive-date=2017-04-25|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="PRB">{{cite web |url=http://www.prb.org/Articles/2004/IranFacesPressuretoProvideJobsAddressHealthDisparities.aspx |title=Iran Faces Pressure to Provide Jobs, Address Health Disparities by Yvette Collymore |publisher=Prb.org |date=2004-09-07 |access-date=2011-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120920043819/http://www.prb.org/Articles/2004/IranFacesPressuretoProvideJobsAddressHealthDisparities.aspx |archive-date=2012-09-20 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Frances |last=Harrison |title=Huge cost of Iranian brain drain |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/6240287.stm |publisher=BBC News |date=2007-01-08 |access-date=2007-01-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070109193238/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/6240287.stm |archive-date=2007-01-09 |url-status=live }}</ref> ইয়াৰ উপৰিও ২০০৯ চনৰ ইৰাণৰ নিৰ্বাচনী প্ৰতিবাদৰ পিছত ৰাজনৈতিক দমনৰ ফলত ইৰাণৰ বুদ্ধিজীৱীসকলৰ গণ পলায়ন ঘটে, যাক "ক্ৰমবৰ্ধমান শৰণাৰ্থী পলায়ন" বুলি বৰ্ণনা কৰা হয়।<ref>"Iran's refugee exodus is exacerbating a brain drain that has stunted the country's development for years." [https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB126049484505086861?mod=rss_Today's_Most_Popular Thousands Flee Iran as Noose Tightens] DECEMBER 11, 2009</ref> ইয়াৰ উপৰিও আমেৰিকাৰ কেন্দ্ৰীয় চোৰাংচোৱা সংস্থাই (CIA) "ব্ৰেইনড্ৰেইন প্ৰজেক্ট" নামৰ এক গোপন অভিযান চলাই আছে বুলিও বাতৰি প্ৰকাশ পাইছে, যাৰ লক্ষ্য হৈছে ইৰাণৰ পাৰমাণৱিক বিশেষজ্ঞসকলক নিজৰ পক্ষলৈ আকৰ্ষণ কৰা, যাৰ ফলত ইৰাণৰ পাৰমাণৱিক কাৰ্যসূচী দুৰ্বল হৈ পৰিছে। <ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/11/world/middleeast/11assess.html?src=mv | work=The New York Times | title=Beyond Iran Sanctions, Plans B, C, D and | first=David E. | last=Sanger | date=June 10, 2010 | access-date=February 24, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160725104855/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/11/world/middleeast/11assess.html?src=mv | archive-date=July 25, 2016 | url-status=live }}</ref> ২০২৪ চনৰ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী মাহত ইৰাণ চৰকাৰে শিক্ষিত ব্যক্তিৰ প্ৰব্ৰজন ৰোধৰ বাবে প্ৰচেষ্টা আৰম্ভ কৰে, য’ত চোৰাংচোৱাগিৰি বৃদ্ধি আৰু মানুহৰ চলাচলত সম্ভাৱ্য বাধা আৰোপ কৰা হয়। <ref>{{cite web | last1=فردا | first1=رادیو | url=https://www.radiofarda.com/a/32827133.html | title=برخورد با دفاتر مهاجرتی برای جلوگیری از مهاجرت بیشتر نخبگان از ایران | work=رادیو فردا }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://ir.voanews.com/a/security-view-of-the-islamic-republic-on-the-migration-of-elites/7494624.html | title=همکاری بنیاد نخبگان و پلیس گذرنامه؛ مهاجرت هم امنیتی شد | date=20 February 2024 }}</ref> ==পটভূমি== Between 1991 and 1999, job creation in [[Iran]] could provide for "less than 60 percent of those entering the job market", according to a 2003 [[United Nations]] Common Country Assessment of Iran's development.<ref name="PRB"/> The [[Central Intelligence Agency]] estimates that 77 percent of 51 million of Iranians aged 15 and over can read and write.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/iran/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110162554/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/iran |url-status=dead |archive-date=10 January 2021 |title=World Factbook, Iran |publisher=Cia.gov |access-date=2011-03-31 }}</ref> A significant majority of this population is at or approaching collegiate levels. Among the factors contributing to the brain-drain in Iran are: "economic well-being and better educational prospects abroad. The inability of the home country to respond to its citizens' needs, coupled with high unemployment rates and a general lack of intellectual and social security, all contribute to the brain-drain. Additionally, [[Censorship in Iran|self-censorship]] prevents people from thinking and writing freely, a limitation that makes both scientific and social science research extremely difficult".<ref name="Hakimzadeh">{{cite web |url=http://www.migrationinformation.org/Profiles/display.cfm?ID=424 |title=Iran: A Vast Diaspora Abroad and Millions of Refugees at Home By Shirin Hakimzadeh |publisher=Migrationinformation.org |access-date=2011-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140215052030/http://migrationinformation.org/Profiles/display.cfm?ID=424 |archive-date=2014-02-15 |url-status=live }}</ref> Intense competition for university seats in Iran also plays a key role. Only about 11 percent of the approximately 1.5 million people who take exams annually are accepted into a university. Even after acquiring an undergraduate degree, young people find that there are few jobs available. According to official statistics, of the 270,000 university graduates entering the labour market each year, an estimated 75,000 can find jobs. The flight of [[human capital]] costs the government over $38 billion annually, two times the revenues received from [[Petroleum industry in Iran|selling oil]]. Under the provisions of a five-year development plan, the country is trying to create jobs for its unemployed population, though the results of these efforts have not yet materialized. Consequently, the country remains unable to benefit from [[Iranian diaspora|its educated diaspora]] or its pool of unemployed experts at home."<ref name="Hakimzadeh"/> ==ইতিহাস== Emigration from [[Iran]] is said by one source<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hakimzadeh |first=Shirin |date=2006-09-01 |title=Iran: A Vast Diaspora Abroad and Millions of Refugees at Home |url=https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/iran-vast-diaspora-abroad-and-millions-refugees-home |access-date=2023-01-04 |website=migrationpolicy.org |language=en}}</ref> to have started in earnest with [[Conscription in Iran|conscription]] for the [[Iran–Iraq War]]. The government's need for fresh troops and the high mortality rate of those troops led to the flight of draft-age Iranian men to other countries. Another factor may have been the [[Iranian Cultural Revolution]], which occurred after the [[Iranian Revolution|1979 Islamic Revolution]]. On 12 June 1980, the Cultural Revolution shut down Iran's higher-education system for over a year with the goal of a complete overhaul. Nonetheless, the flight abroad of educated Iranians was commented on as early as 31 October 1980, when its importance was disparaged by the Iranian revolutionary leader [[Ruhollah Khomeini]]: :''"They say there is a brain drain. Let these decayed brains flee. Do not mourn them, let them pursue their own definitions of being. Is every brain with—what you call—science in it honourable? Shall we sit and mourn the brains that escaped? Shall we worry about these brains fleeing to the [[United States|US]] and the [[United Kingdom|UK]]? Let these brains flee and be replaced by more appropriate brains. Now that they (the [[Islamic republic|Islamic Republic]]) are filtering, you are sitting worried why they are executing [people]? Why are you discussing these rotten brains of [these] lost people? Why are you questioning [[Islam]]? Are they fleeing? To hell with them. Let them flee. They were not scientific brains. All the better. Don't be concerned. They should escape. [Iran] is not a place for them to live any more. These fleeing brains are of no use to us. Let them flee. If you know that this is no place for you, you should flee too."''<ref>Interview with [[Ettelaat]] newspaper, آیت الله روح الله خمینی در ملاقات با اعضای کمیته امداد روزنامه اطلاعات، 9 آبان ماه 1358 . Link: [http://www.iranpressnews.com/source/009122.htm See second paragraph] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20060509205414/http://www.iranpressnews.com/source/009122.htm |date=2006-05-09}} {{in lang|fa}}</ref> The trend continued during the Iran–Iraq War, and after a post-war relative calm, picked up once again during the unprecedented incursion of the [[Ulama|clerical establishment]] in Iranian universities, the last firm bastion of Iran's reformists. In November 2005, a cleric{{Who|date=March 2022}} became chancellor of the [[University of Tehran]], replacing Dr. Faraji-dana, and marking the first time that Iran's clerical establishment replaced traditional academia to head a major academic institution. He has however written several books and has served on the faculty of the College of Law as an expert on [[Fiqh|Islamic jurisprudence]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/iran/story/2005/11/051125_mf_amid.shtml |title=نخستين رئيس روحانی برای دانشگاه تهران |publisher=BBC News |access-date=2011-10-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419062431/http://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/iran/story/2005/11/051125_mf_amid.shtml |archive-date=2012-04-19 |url-status=live }}</ref> The lengthy [[List of contemporary Iranian scientists, scholars, and engineers|list of Iranian chairs and directors of academia in these countries]] is arguably a sound index of this reality. Iran's brain-drain has become a focus of the media both domestically and internationally.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.payvand.com/news/01/may/1010.html|title=220,000 academics leave Iran in one year, brain drain rising - Moin warns|work=Payvand|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080409015930/http://www.payvand.com/news/01/may/1010.html|archive-date=2008-04-09|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iranian.ws/cgi-bin/iran_news/exec/view.cgi/2/3811|title=iranian.ws -&nbsp;Iranian Resources and Information.|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304031249/http://www.iranian.ws/cgi-bin/iran_news/exec/view.cgi/2/3811|archive-date=2016-03-04|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iranian.com/Opinion/2002/August/Brain/|title=THE IRANIAN: Brain drain, Ahmad Anvari|publisher=iranian.com|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071117034236/http://www.iranian.com/Opinion/2002/August/Brain/|archive-date=2007-11-17|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iranian.com/Opinion/2002/October/Brain/|title=THE IRANIAN: Brain drain, Mohammad Ala|publisher=iranian.com|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071117034245/http://www.iranian.com/Opinion/2002/October/Brain/|archive-date=2007-11-17|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.scidev.net/News/index.cfm?fuseaction=readNews&itemid=1485&language=1|title=Science & technology for global development news & analysis|publisher=SciDev.Net|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071117163807/http://www.scidev.net/News/index.cfm?fuseaction=readNews&itemid=1485&language=1|archive-date=2007-11-17|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parapundit.com/archives/002003.html|title=ParaPundit: Iran Has Highest Rate Of Emigration Brain Drain|work=parapundit.com|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080808120419/http://www.parapundit.com/archives/002003.html|archive-date=2008-08-08|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/1051803.html|title=Iran: Coping With The World's Highest Rate Of Brain Drain|newspaper=RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080413221553/http://www.rferl.org/featuresarticle/2004/03/c655d456-07df-405a-8fe9-aad51173bd66.html|archive-date=2008-04-13|url-status=live |last1=Esfandiari |first1=Golnaz }}</ref> Some blame an impoverished job market (which in turn is blamed by many on [[Western world|Western]]-imposed [[Sanctions against Iran|economic sanctions]]), while others blame a notoriously tightening social system. As a symptom of this, in 2006, Iranian president [[Mahmoud Ahmadinejad]] promised to eradicate all universities from what he called "the [[Liberalism|liberal]] and [[Secularity|secular]] influence".<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/6196069.stm|publisher=BBC|title=Mass purges at Iran universities|first=Frances|last=Harrison|date=20 December 2006 |author-link=Frances Harrison|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080407005558/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/6196069.stm|archive-date=2008-04-07|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2006/sep/06/highereducation.iran|work=The Guardian|title=Iranian president calls for purge of liberal lecturers|first=Robert|last=Tait|date=September 6, 2006|access-date=April 22, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080907083349/http://education.guardian.co.uk/higher/worldwide/story/0,,1865731,00.html|archive-date=September 7, 2008|url-status=live}}</ref> A report by ''The Washington Prism'' in January 2006 claims that the [[International Monetary Fund]] considers Iran to be ranked highest in [[Human capital flight|brain-drain]] among [[Developing country|developing countries]], with an estimated 180,000 people exiting Iran.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.washingtonprism.org/showarticle.cfm?id=213 |title=Washington Prism |publisher=Washington Prism |access-date=2011-10-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080406030207/http://www.washingtonprism.org/showarticle.cfm?id=213 |archive-date=2008-04-06 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The [[Islamic Republic News Agency]] reports the figure to be 200,000.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.payvand.com/news/06/apr/1188.html |title=Iran's Brain Drain: 200,000 graduates trying to go abroad |publisher=Payvand.com |date=2006-11-22 |access-date=2011-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110522031638/http://www.payvand.com/news/06/apr/1188.html |archive-date=2011-05-22 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/iran/2011/02/110214_l28_250_thousand_iranian_specialists_america.shtml |title=BBC فارسی - ايران - وزارت علوم:۲۵۰ هزار متخصص ايرانى در آمريكای شمالی هستند |date=14 February 2011 |publisher=BBC News |access-date=2011-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110317180338/http://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/iran/2011/02/110214_l28_250_thousand_iranian_specialists_america.shtml |archive-date=2011-03-17 |url-status=live }}</ref> According to the Iranian [[Ministry of Education (Iran)|Ministry of Culture and Higher Education]], there are approximately 50,000 Iranian students currently studying abroad.<ref name="Iranian Embassy in Oslo">{{cite web|title=Education System in Iran|url=http://www.iran-embassy-oslo.no/embassy/educat.htm|publisher=Iranian Embassy in Oslo|access-date=7 May 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090609234100/http://www.iran-embassy-oslo.no/embassy/educat.htm|archive-date=9 June 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==ধাৰা ওলোটা কৰাৰ প্ৰচেষ্টা== In recent years, several measures have been taken to slow down the brain-drain by providing work and research facilities for academics and highly skilled workers. In February 2003, the [[Iran National Science Foundation]] was established to promote [[science and technology in Iran]] and benefit the welfare of those engaged in [[research and development]]. Another institution founded to deal with the welfare of Iranians working in the sciences and technology is the "Iran National Geniuses" foundation.<ref>{{Cite web |title=.: بنیاد ملی نخبگان |url=http://www.bonyad-nokhbegan.ir/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080423102932/http://www.bonyad-nokhbegan.ir/ |archive-date=2008-04-23 |access-date=2008-04-22}}</ref> Iran has tried to compensate for the brain-drain by introducing the Graduate Record Bill, which calls for the internalization and expansion of education at the graduate level, thus increasing the number of graduates.<ref>{{cite book |url=http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=12185&page=25 |title=Science and Technology and the Future Development of Societies: International Workshop Proceedings |publisher=Nap.edu |date=2007-02-11 |doi=10.17226/12185 |isbn=978-0-309-11927-6 |access-date=2011-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121016082426/http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=12185&page=25 |archive-date=2012-10-16 |url-status=live }}</ref> ==তথ্যৰ উৎস== {{reflist}} ==অধিক পঢ়ক== *{{cite journal|title=The brain drain from Iran to the United States|first=Akbar E|last=Torbat|journal=Middle East Journal|pages=272–295|date=Spring 2002|volume=56|issue=2}} *Migration Information: {{cite web|url=http://www.migrationinformation.org/Profiles/display.cfm?ID=424|title=Iran: A Vast Diaspora Abroad and Millions of Refugees at Home|work=migrationpolicy.org|access-date=2008-12-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140215052030/http://migrationinformation.org/Profiles/display.cfm?ID=424|archive-date=2014-02-15|url-status=live}} *UCSC Study: {{Cite web |url=http://users.soe.ucsc.edu/~daraei/files/BrainDrain.jpg |title=Baskin School of Engineering – Baskin Engineering provides unique educational opportunities, world-class research with an eye to social responsibility and diversity |access-date=2014-01-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140110001124/http://users.soe.ucsc.edu/~daraei/files/BrainDrain.jpg |archive-date=2014-01-10 |url-status=live }} ==External links== *[https://web.archive.org/web/20100525045858/http://www.g15.org/workingpaper5.pdf International Migration, Remittances and the Brain Drain] in [[Group of 15]] Countries 60kwgnbdqetco4vbpe8hs81wcp9wzxz 605866 605865 2026-05-11T14:44:48Z নৰুনা বৰুৱা 44897 added [[Category:ইৰান]] using [[WP:HC|HotCat]] 605866 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Emigration of highly educated people from Iran}} '''ইৰাণৰ পৰা মানৱ মূলধনৰ বহিঃপ্ৰবাহ''' ১৯৭৯ চনৰ ইছলামিক বিপ্লৱৰ পিছৰে পৰা ইৰাণৰ পৰা মানৱ পুঁজিৰ বহিঃপ্ৰবাহ এক উল্লেখযোগ্য পৰিঘটনা।<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mahmoudi |first=Hassan |date=2021-04-21 |title=Iran Loses Highly Educated and Skilled Citizens during Long-Running "Brain Drain" |url=https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/iran-brain-drain-emigration |access-date=2022-03-20 |website=migrationpolicy.org |language=en}}</ref> ১৯৯০ চনৰ আৰম্ভণিতে প্ৰতি বছৰে ১ লাখ ৫০ হাজাৰতকৈ অধিক ইৰাণীয়ে ইছলামিক গণৰাজ্য এৰি থৈ যায় <ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/1999/06/carringt.htm|title=IMF research economist Enrica Detragiache and U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics economist William J. Carrington in the IMF's quarterly magazine, ''Finance and Development'' (v. 36, n. 2 (July 1999)|access-date=2011-12-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090831103411/http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/1999/06/carringt.htm|archive-date=2009-08-31|url-status=live}}</ref> আৰু সেই সময়ত উচ্চতৰ মাধ্যমিক শিক্ষা গ্ৰহণ কৰা সকলো ইৰাণীৰ আনুমানিক ২৫ শতাংশই বিদেশত অ'ইচিডিৰ মানদণ্ডৰ উন্নত দেশত বাস কৰিছিল।<ref name="auto"/><ref name="RFERLclarif">{{cite web |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/1342682.html |title=Clarification On The 'Brain Drain.' |publisher=Rferl.org |date=2004-04-12 |access-date=2011-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110526124322/http://www.rferl.org/content/article/1342682.html |archive-date=2011-05-26 |url-status=live }}</ref> ২০০৯ চনৰ আই এম এফৰ প্ৰতিবেদনত কোৱা হৈছে যে ইৰাণ শৈক্ষিক অভিজাত শ্ৰেণী হেৰুৱাই পেলোৱা দেশসমূহৰ তালিকাৰ শীৰ্ষত আছে; ই ১৫০,০০০ৰ পৰা ১ লাখ ৮০,০০০ ভিতৰত বিশেষজ্ঞ হেৰুৱাইছিল। যিটো মোটামুটিভাৱে যথেষ্ট মূলধনী লোকচানৰ সমতুল্য।.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.payvand.com/news/12/may/1297.html|title=Iran Faced With Growing Brain Drain: Report|work=payvand.com|access-date=2012-06-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170425200026/http://www.payvand.com/news/12/may/1297.html|archive-date=2017-04-25|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="PRB">{{cite web |url=http://www.prb.org/Articles/2004/IranFacesPressuretoProvideJobsAddressHealthDisparities.aspx |title=Iran Faces Pressure to Provide Jobs, Address Health Disparities by Yvette Collymore |publisher=Prb.org |date=2004-09-07 |access-date=2011-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120920043819/http://www.prb.org/Articles/2004/IranFacesPressuretoProvideJobsAddressHealthDisparities.aspx |archive-date=2012-09-20 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Frances |last=Harrison |title=Huge cost of Iranian brain drain |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/6240287.stm |publisher=BBC News |date=2007-01-08 |access-date=2007-01-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070109193238/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/6240287.stm |archive-date=2007-01-09 |url-status=live }}</ref> ইয়াৰ উপৰিও ২০০৯ চনৰ ইৰাণৰ নিৰ্বাচনী প্ৰতিবাদৰ পিছত ৰাজনৈতিক দমনৰ ফলত ইৰাণৰ বুদ্ধিজীৱীসকলৰ গণ পলায়ন ঘটে, যাক "ক্ৰমবৰ্ধমান শৰণাৰ্থী পলায়ন" বুলি বৰ্ণনা কৰা হয়।<ref>"Iran's refugee exodus is exacerbating a brain drain that has stunted the country's development for years." [https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB126049484505086861?mod=rss_Today's_Most_Popular Thousands Flee Iran as Noose Tightens] DECEMBER 11, 2009</ref> ইয়াৰ উপৰিও আমেৰিকাৰ কেন্দ্ৰীয় চোৰাংচোৱা সংস্থাই (CIA) "ব্ৰেইনড্ৰেইন প্ৰজেক্ট" নামৰ এক গোপন অভিযান চলাই আছে বুলিও বাতৰি প্ৰকাশ পাইছে, যাৰ লক্ষ্য হৈছে ইৰাণৰ পাৰমাণৱিক বিশেষজ্ঞসকলক নিজৰ পক্ষলৈ আকৰ্ষণ কৰা, যাৰ ফলত ইৰাণৰ পাৰমাণৱিক কাৰ্যসূচী দুৰ্বল হৈ পৰিছে। <ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/11/world/middleeast/11assess.html?src=mv | work=The New York Times | title=Beyond Iran Sanctions, Plans B, C, D and | first=David E. | last=Sanger | date=June 10, 2010 | access-date=February 24, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160725104855/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/11/world/middleeast/11assess.html?src=mv | archive-date=July 25, 2016 | url-status=live }}</ref> ২০২৪ চনৰ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী মাহত ইৰাণ চৰকাৰে শিক্ষিত ব্যক্তিৰ প্ৰব্ৰজন ৰোধৰ বাবে প্ৰচেষ্টা আৰম্ভ কৰে, য’ত চোৰাংচোৱাগিৰি বৃদ্ধি আৰু মানুহৰ চলাচলত সম্ভাৱ্য বাধা আৰোপ কৰা হয়। <ref>{{cite web | last1=فردا | first1=رادیو | url=https://www.radiofarda.com/a/32827133.html | title=برخورد با دفاتر مهاجرتی برای جلوگیری از مهاجرت بیشتر نخبگان از ایران | work=رادیو فردا }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://ir.voanews.com/a/security-view-of-the-islamic-republic-on-the-migration-of-elites/7494624.html | title=همکاری بنیاد نخبگان و پلیس گذرنامه؛ مهاجرت هم امنیتی شد | date=20 February 2024 }}</ref> ==পটভূমি== Between 1991 and 1999, job creation in [[Iran]] could provide for "less than 60 percent of those entering the job market", according to a 2003 [[United Nations]] Common Country Assessment of Iran's development.<ref name="PRB"/> The [[Central Intelligence Agency]] estimates that 77 percent of 51 million of Iranians aged 15 and over can read and write.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/iran/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110162554/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/iran |url-status=dead |archive-date=10 January 2021 |title=World Factbook, Iran |publisher=Cia.gov |access-date=2011-03-31 }}</ref> A significant majority of this population is at or approaching collegiate levels. Among the factors contributing to the brain-drain in Iran are: "economic well-being and better educational prospects abroad. The inability of the home country to respond to its citizens' needs, coupled with high unemployment rates and a general lack of intellectual and social security, all contribute to the brain-drain. Additionally, [[Censorship in Iran|self-censorship]] prevents people from thinking and writing freely, a limitation that makes both scientific and social science research extremely difficult".<ref name="Hakimzadeh">{{cite web |url=http://www.migrationinformation.org/Profiles/display.cfm?ID=424 |title=Iran: A Vast Diaspora Abroad and Millions of Refugees at Home By Shirin Hakimzadeh |publisher=Migrationinformation.org |access-date=2011-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140215052030/http://migrationinformation.org/Profiles/display.cfm?ID=424 |archive-date=2014-02-15 |url-status=live }}</ref> Intense competition for university seats in Iran also plays a key role. Only about 11 percent of the approximately 1.5 million people who take exams annually are accepted into a university. Even after acquiring an undergraduate degree, young people find that there are few jobs available. According to official statistics, of the 270,000 university graduates entering the labour market each year, an estimated 75,000 can find jobs. The flight of [[human capital]] costs the government over $38 billion annually, two times the revenues received from [[Petroleum industry in Iran|selling oil]]. Under the provisions of a five-year development plan, the country is trying to create jobs for its unemployed population, though the results of these efforts have not yet materialized. Consequently, the country remains unable to benefit from [[Iranian diaspora|its educated diaspora]] or its pool of unemployed experts at home."<ref name="Hakimzadeh"/> ==ইতিহাস== Emigration from [[Iran]] is said by one source<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hakimzadeh |first=Shirin |date=2006-09-01 |title=Iran: A Vast Diaspora Abroad and Millions of Refugees at Home |url=https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/iran-vast-diaspora-abroad-and-millions-refugees-home |access-date=2023-01-04 |website=migrationpolicy.org |language=en}}</ref> to have started in earnest with [[Conscription in Iran|conscription]] for the [[Iran–Iraq War]]. The government's need for fresh troops and the high mortality rate of those troops led to the flight of draft-age Iranian men to other countries. Another factor may have been the [[Iranian Cultural Revolution]], which occurred after the [[Iranian Revolution|1979 Islamic Revolution]]. On 12 June 1980, the Cultural Revolution shut down Iran's higher-education system for over a year with the goal of a complete overhaul. Nonetheless, the flight abroad of educated Iranians was commented on as early as 31 October 1980, when its importance was disparaged by the Iranian revolutionary leader [[Ruhollah Khomeini]]: :''"They say there is a brain drain. Let these decayed brains flee. Do not mourn them, let them pursue their own definitions of being. Is every brain with—what you call—science in it honourable? Shall we sit and mourn the brains that escaped? Shall we worry about these brains fleeing to the [[United States|US]] and the [[United Kingdom|UK]]? Let these brains flee and be replaced by more appropriate brains. Now that they (the [[Islamic republic|Islamic Republic]]) are filtering, you are sitting worried why they are executing [people]? Why are you discussing these rotten brains of [these] lost people? Why are you questioning [[Islam]]? Are they fleeing? To hell with them. Let them flee. They were not scientific brains. All the better. Don't be concerned. They should escape. [Iran] is not a place for them to live any more. These fleeing brains are of no use to us. Let them flee. If you know that this is no place for you, you should flee too."''<ref>Interview with [[Ettelaat]] newspaper, آیت الله روح الله خمینی در ملاقات با اعضای کمیته امداد روزنامه اطلاعات، 9 آبان ماه 1358 . Link: [http://www.iranpressnews.com/source/009122.htm See second paragraph] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20060509205414/http://www.iranpressnews.com/source/009122.htm |date=2006-05-09}} {{in lang|fa}}</ref> The trend continued during the Iran–Iraq War, and after a post-war relative calm, picked up once again during the unprecedented incursion of the [[Ulama|clerical establishment]] in Iranian universities, the last firm bastion of Iran's reformists. In November 2005, a cleric{{Who|date=March 2022}} became chancellor of the [[University of Tehran]], replacing Dr. Faraji-dana, and marking the first time that Iran's clerical establishment replaced traditional academia to head a major academic institution. He has however written several books and has served on the faculty of the College of Law as an expert on [[Fiqh|Islamic jurisprudence]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/iran/story/2005/11/051125_mf_amid.shtml |title=نخستين رئيس روحانی برای دانشگاه تهران |publisher=BBC News |access-date=2011-10-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419062431/http://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/iran/story/2005/11/051125_mf_amid.shtml |archive-date=2012-04-19 |url-status=live }}</ref> The lengthy [[List of contemporary Iranian scientists, scholars, and engineers|list of Iranian chairs and directors of academia in these countries]] is arguably a sound index of this reality. Iran's brain-drain has become a focus of the media both domestically and internationally.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.payvand.com/news/01/may/1010.html|title=220,000 academics leave Iran in one year, brain drain rising - Moin warns|work=Payvand|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080409015930/http://www.payvand.com/news/01/may/1010.html|archive-date=2008-04-09|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iranian.ws/cgi-bin/iran_news/exec/view.cgi/2/3811|title=iranian.ws -&nbsp;Iranian Resources and Information.|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304031249/http://www.iranian.ws/cgi-bin/iran_news/exec/view.cgi/2/3811|archive-date=2016-03-04|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iranian.com/Opinion/2002/August/Brain/|title=THE IRANIAN: Brain drain, Ahmad Anvari|publisher=iranian.com|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071117034236/http://www.iranian.com/Opinion/2002/August/Brain/|archive-date=2007-11-17|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iranian.com/Opinion/2002/October/Brain/|title=THE IRANIAN: Brain drain, Mohammad Ala|publisher=iranian.com|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071117034245/http://www.iranian.com/Opinion/2002/October/Brain/|archive-date=2007-11-17|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.scidev.net/News/index.cfm?fuseaction=readNews&itemid=1485&language=1|title=Science & technology for global development news & analysis|publisher=SciDev.Net|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071117163807/http://www.scidev.net/News/index.cfm?fuseaction=readNews&itemid=1485&language=1|archive-date=2007-11-17|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parapundit.com/archives/002003.html|title=ParaPundit: Iran Has Highest Rate Of Emigration Brain Drain|work=parapundit.com|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080808120419/http://www.parapundit.com/archives/002003.html|archive-date=2008-08-08|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/1051803.html|title=Iran: Coping With The World's Highest Rate Of Brain Drain|newspaper=RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080413221553/http://www.rferl.org/featuresarticle/2004/03/c655d456-07df-405a-8fe9-aad51173bd66.html|archive-date=2008-04-13|url-status=live |last1=Esfandiari |first1=Golnaz }}</ref> Some blame an impoverished job market (which in turn is blamed by many on [[Western world|Western]]-imposed [[Sanctions against Iran|economic sanctions]]), while others blame a notoriously tightening social system. As a symptom of this, in 2006, Iranian president [[Mahmoud Ahmadinejad]] promised to eradicate all universities from what he called "the [[Liberalism|liberal]] and [[Secularity|secular]] influence".<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/6196069.stm|publisher=BBC|title=Mass purges at Iran universities|first=Frances|last=Harrison|date=20 December 2006 |author-link=Frances Harrison|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080407005558/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/6196069.stm|archive-date=2008-04-07|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2006/sep/06/highereducation.iran|work=The Guardian|title=Iranian president calls for purge of liberal lecturers|first=Robert|last=Tait|date=September 6, 2006|access-date=April 22, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080907083349/http://education.guardian.co.uk/higher/worldwide/story/0,,1865731,00.html|archive-date=September 7, 2008|url-status=live}}</ref> A report by ''The Washington Prism'' in January 2006 claims that the [[International Monetary Fund]] considers Iran to be ranked highest in [[Human capital flight|brain-drain]] among [[Developing country|developing countries]], with an estimated 180,000 people exiting Iran.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.washingtonprism.org/showarticle.cfm?id=213 |title=Washington Prism |publisher=Washington Prism |access-date=2011-10-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080406030207/http://www.washingtonprism.org/showarticle.cfm?id=213 |archive-date=2008-04-06 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The [[Islamic Republic News Agency]] reports the figure to be 200,000.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.payvand.com/news/06/apr/1188.html |title=Iran's Brain Drain: 200,000 graduates trying to go abroad |publisher=Payvand.com |date=2006-11-22 |access-date=2011-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110522031638/http://www.payvand.com/news/06/apr/1188.html |archive-date=2011-05-22 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/iran/2011/02/110214_l28_250_thousand_iranian_specialists_america.shtml |title=BBC فارسی - ايران - وزارت علوم:۲۵۰ هزار متخصص ايرانى در آمريكای شمالی هستند |date=14 February 2011 |publisher=BBC News |access-date=2011-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110317180338/http://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/iran/2011/02/110214_l28_250_thousand_iranian_specialists_america.shtml |archive-date=2011-03-17 |url-status=live }}</ref> According to the Iranian [[Ministry of Education (Iran)|Ministry of Culture and Higher Education]], there are approximately 50,000 Iranian students currently studying abroad.<ref name="Iranian Embassy in Oslo">{{cite web|title=Education System in Iran|url=http://www.iran-embassy-oslo.no/embassy/educat.htm|publisher=Iranian Embassy in Oslo|access-date=7 May 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090609234100/http://www.iran-embassy-oslo.no/embassy/educat.htm|archive-date=9 June 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==ধাৰা ওলোটা কৰাৰ প্ৰচেষ্টা== In recent years, several measures have been taken to slow down the brain-drain by providing work and research facilities for academics and highly skilled workers. In February 2003, the [[Iran National Science Foundation]] was established to promote [[science and technology in Iran]] and benefit the welfare of those engaged in [[research and development]]. Another institution founded to deal with the welfare of Iranians working in the sciences and technology is the "Iran National Geniuses" foundation.<ref>{{Cite web |title=.: بنیاد ملی نخبگان |url=http://www.bonyad-nokhbegan.ir/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080423102932/http://www.bonyad-nokhbegan.ir/ |archive-date=2008-04-23 |access-date=2008-04-22}}</ref> Iran has tried to compensate for the brain-drain by introducing the Graduate Record Bill, which calls for the internalization and expansion of education at the graduate level, thus increasing the number of graduates.<ref>{{cite book |url=http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=12185&page=25 |title=Science and Technology and the Future Development of Societies: International Workshop Proceedings |publisher=Nap.edu |date=2007-02-11 |doi=10.17226/12185 |isbn=978-0-309-11927-6 |access-date=2011-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121016082426/http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=12185&page=25 |archive-date=2012-10-16 |url-status=live }}</ref> ==তথ্যৰ উৎস== {{reflist}} ==অধিক পঢ়ক== *{{cite journal|title=The brain drain from Iran to the United States|first=Akbar E|last=Torbat|journal=Middle East Journal|pages=272–295|date=Spring 2002|volume=56|issue=2}} *Migration Information: {{cite web|url=http://www.migrationinformation.org/Profiles/display.cfm?ID=424|title=Iran: A Vast Diaspora Abroad and Millions of Refugees at Home|work=migrationpolicy.org|access-date=2008-12-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140215052030/http://migrationinformation.org/Profiles/display.cfm?ID=424|archive-date=2014-02-15|url-status=live}} *UCSC Study: {{Cite web |url=http://users.soe.ucsc.edu/~daraei/files/BrainDrain.jpg |title=Baskin School of Engineering – Baskin Engineering provides unique educational opportunities, world-class research with an eye to social responsibility and diversity |access-date=2014-01-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140110001124/http://users.soe.ucsc.edu/~daraei/files/BrainDrain.jpg |archive-date=2014-01-10 |url-status=live }} ==External links== *[https://web.archive.org/web/20100525045858/http://www.g15.org/workingpaper5.pdf International Migration, Remittances and the Brain Drain] in [[Group of 15]] Countries [[শ্ৰেণী:ইৰান]] iqh7nugxp52pa17pnm82f3mo66r84ih 605867 605866 2026-05-11T14:45:53Z নৰুনা বৰুৱা 44897 /* External links */ 605867 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Emigration of highly educated people from Iran}} '''ইৰাণৰ পৰা মানৱ মূলধনৰ বহিঃপ্ৰবাহ''' ১৯৭৯ চনৰ ইছলামিক বিপ্লৱৰ পিছৰে পৰা ইৰাণৰ পৰা মানৱ পুঁজিৰ বহিঃপ্ৰবাহ এক উল্লেখযোগ্য পৰিঘটনা।<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mahmoudi |first=Hassan |date=2021-04-21 |title=Iran Loses Highly Educated and Skilled Citizens during Long-Running "Brain Drain" |url=https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/iran-brain-drain-emigration |access-date=2022-03-20 |website=migrationpolicy.org |language=en}}</ref> ১৯৯০ চনৰ আৰম্ভণিতে প্ৰতি বছৰে ১ লাখ ৫০ হাজাৰতকৈ অধিক ইৰাণীয়ে ইছলামিক গণৰাজ্য এৰি থৈ যায় <ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/1999/06/carringt.htm|title=IMF research economist Enrica Detragiache and U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics economist William J. Carrington in the IMF's quarterly magazine, ''Finance and Development'' (v. 36, n. 2 (July 1999)|access-date=2011-12-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090831103411/http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/1999/06/carringt.htm|archive-date=2009-08-31|url-status=live}}</ref> আৰু সেই সময়ত উচ্চতৰ মাধ্যমিক শিক্ষা গ্ৰহণ কৰা সকলো ইৰাণীৰ আনুমানিক ২৫ শতাংশই বিদেশত অ'ইচিডিৰ মানদণ্ডৰ উন্নত দেশত বাস কৰিছিল।<ref name="auto"/><ref name="RFERLclarif">{{cite web |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/1342682.html |title=Clarification On The 'Brain Drain.' |publisher=Rferl.org |date=2004-04-12 |access-date=2011-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110526124322/http://www.rferl.org/content/article/1342682.html |archive-date=2011-05-26 |url-status=live }}</ref> ২০০৯ চনৰ আই এম এফৰ প্ৰতিবেদনত কোৱা হৈছে যে ইৰাণ শৈক্ষিক অভিজাত শ্ৰেণী হেৰুৱাই পেলোৱা দেশসমূহৰ তালিকাৰ শীৰ্ষত আছে; ই ১৫০,০০০ৰ পৰা ১ লাখ ৮০,০০০ ভিতৰত বিশেষজ্ঞ হেৰুৱাইছিল। যিটো মোটামুটিভাৱে যথেষ্ট মূলধনী লোকচানৰ সমতুল্য।.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.payvand.com/news/12/may/1297.html|title=Iran Faced With Growing Brain Drain: Report|work=payvand.com|access-date=2012-06-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170425200026/http://www.payvand.com/news/12/may/1297.html|archive-date=2017-04-25|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="PRB">{{cite web |url=http://www.prb.org/Articles/2004/IranFacesPressuretoProvideJobsAddressHealthDisparities.aspx |title=Iran Faces Pressure to Provide Jobs, Address Health Disparities by Yvette Collymore |publisher=Prb.org |date=2004-09-07 |access-date=2011-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120920043819/http://www.prb.org/Articles/2004/IranFacesPressuretoProvideJobsAddressHealthDisparities.aspx |archive-date=2012-09-20 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Frances |last=Harrison |title=Huge cost of Iranian brain drain |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/6240287.stm |publisher=BBC News |date=2007-01-08 |access-date=2007-01-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070109193238/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/6240287.stm |archive-date=2007-01-09 |url-status=live }}</ref> ইয়াৰ উপৰিও ২০০৯ চনৰ ইৰাণৰ নিৰ্বাচনী প্ৰতিবাদৰ পিছত ৰাজনৈতিক দমনৰ ফলত ইৰাণৰ বুদ্ধিজীৱীসকলৰ গণ পলায়ন ঘটে, যাক "ক্ৰমবৰ্ধমান শৰণাৰ্থী পলায়ন" বুলি বৰ্ণনা কৰা হয়।<ref>"Iran's refugee exodus is exacerbating a brain drain that has stunted the country's development for years." [https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB126049484505086861?mod=rss_Today's_Most_Popular Thousands Flee Iran as Noose Tightens] DECEMBER 11, 2009</ref> ইয়াৰ উপৰিও আমেৰিকাৰ কেন্দ্ৰীয় চোৰাংচোৱা সংস্থাই (CIA) "ব্ৰেইনড্ৰেইন প্ৰজেক্ট" নামৰ এক গোপন অভিযান চলাই আছে বুলিও বাতৰি প্ৰকাশ পাইছে, যাৰ লক্ষ্য হৈছে ইৰাণৰ পাৰমাণৱিক বিশেষজ্ঞসকলক নিজৰ পক্ষলৈ আকৰ্ষণ কৰা, যাৰ ফলত ইৰাণৰ পাৰমাণৱিক কাৰ্যসূচী দুৰ্বল হৈ পৰিছে। <ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/11/world/middleeast/11assess.html?src=mv | work=The New York Times | title=Beyond Iran Sanctions, Plans B, C, D and | first=David E. | last=Sanger | date=June 10, 2010 | access-date=February 24, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160725104855/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/11/world/middleeast/11assess.html?src=mv | archive-date=July 25, 2016 | url-status=live }}</ref> ২০২৪ চনৰ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী মাহত ইৰাণ চৰকাৰে শিক্ষিত ব্যক্তিৰ প্ৰব্ৰজন ৰোধৰ বাবে প্ৰচেষ্টা আৰম্ভ কৰে, য’ত চোৰাংচোৱাগিৰি বৃদ্ধি আৰু মানুহৰ চলাচলত সম্ভাৱ্য বাধা আৰোপ কৰা হয়। <ref>{{cite web | last1=فردا | first1=رادیو | url=https://www.radiofarda.com/a/32827133.html | title=برخورد با دفاتر مهاجرتی برای جلوگیری از مهاجرت بیشتر نخبگان از ایران | work=رادیو فردا }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://ir.voanews.com/a/security-view-of-the-islamic-republic-on-the-migration-of-elites/7494624.html | title=همکاری بنیاد نخبگان و پلیس گذرنامه؛ مهاجرت هم امنیتی شد | date=20 February 2024 }}</ref> ==পটভূমি== Between 1991 and 1999, job creation in [[Iran]] could provide for "less than 60 percent of those entering the job market", according to a 2003 [[United Nations]] Common Country Assessment of Iran's development.<ref name="PRB"/> The [[Central Intelligence Agency]] estimates that 77 percent of 51 million of Iranians aged 15 and over can read and write.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/iran/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110162554/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/iran |url-status=dead |archive-date=10 January 2021 |title=World Factbook, Iran |publisher=Cia.gov |access-date=2011-03-31 }}</ref> A significant majority of this population is at or approaching collegiate levels. Among the factors contributing to the brain-drain in Iran are: "economic well-being and better educational prospects abroad. The inability of the home country to respond to its citizens' needs, coupled with high unemployment rates and a general lack of intellectual and social security, all contribute to the brain-drain. Additionally, [[Censorship in Iran|self-censorship]] prevents people from thinking and writing freely, a limitation that makes both scientific and social science research extremely difficult".<ref name="Hakimzadeh">{{cite web |url=http://www.migrationinformation.org/Profiles/display.cfm?ID=424 |title=Iran: A Vast Diaspora Abroad and Millions of Refugees at Home By Shirin Hakimzadeh |publisher=Migrationinformation.org |access-date=2011-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140215052030/http://migrationinformation.org/Profiles/display.cfm?ID=424 |archive-date=2014-02-15 |url-status=live }}</ref> Intense competition for university seats in Iran also plays a key role. Only about 11 percent of the approximately 1.5 million people who take exams annually are accepted into a university. Even after acquiring an undergraduate degree, young people find that there are few jobs available. According to official statistics, of the 270,000 university graduates entering the labour market each year, an estimated 75,000 can find jobs. The flight of [[human capital]] costs the government over $38 billion annually, two times the revenues received from [[Petroleum industry in Iran|selling oil]]. Under the provisions of a five-year development plan, the country is trying to create jobs for its unemployed population, though the results of these efforts have not yet materialized. Consequently, the country remains unable to benefit from [[Iranian diaspora|its educated diaspora]] or its pool of unemployed experts at home."<ref name="Hakimzadeh"/> ==ইতিহাস== Emigration from [[Iran]] is said by one source<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hakimzadeh |first=Shirin |date=2006-09-01 |title=Iran: A Vast Diaspora Abroad and Millions of Refugees at Home |url=https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/iran-vast-diaspora-abroad-and-millions-refugees-home |access-date=2023-01-04 |website=migrationpolicy.org |language=en}}</ref> to have started in earnest with [[Conscription in Iran|conscription]] for the [[Iran–Iraq War]]. The government's need for fresh troops and the high mortality rate of those troops led to the flight of draft-age Iranian men to other countries. Another factor may have been the [[Iranian Cultural Revolution]], which occurred after the [[Iranian Revolution|1979 Islamic Revolution]]. On 12 June 1980, the Cultural Revolution shut down Iran's higher-education system for over a year with the goal of a complete overhaul. Nonetheless, the flight abroad of educated Iranians was commented on as early as 31 October 1980, when its importance was disparaged by the Iranian revolutionary leader [[Ruhollah Khomeini]]: :''"They say there is a brain drain. Let these decayed brains flee. Do not mourn them, let them pursue their own definitions of being. Is every brain with—what you call—science in it honourable? Shall we sit and mourn the brains that escaped? Shall we worry about these brains fleeing to the [[United States|US]] and the [[United Kingdom|UK]]? Let these brains flee and be replaced by more appropriate brains. Now that they (the [[Islamic republic|Islamic Republic]]) are filtering, you are sitting worried why they are executing [people]? Why are you discussing these rotten brains of [these] lost people? Why are you questioning [[Islam]]? Are they fleeing? To hell with them. Let them flee. They were not scientific brains. All the better. Don't be concerned. They should escape. [Iran] is not a place for them to live any more. These fleeing brains are of no use to us. Let them flee. If you know that this is no place for you, you should flee too."''<ref>Interview with [[Ettelaat]] newspaper, آیت الله روح الله خمینی در ملاقات با اعضای کمیته امداد روزنامه اطلاعات، 9 آبان ماه 1358 . Link: [http://www.iranpressnews.com/source/009122.htm See second paragraph] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20060509205414/http://www.iranpressnews.com/source/009122.htm |date=2006-05-09}} {{in lang|fa}}</ref> The trend continued during the Iran–Iraq War, and after a post-war relative calm, picked up once again during the unprecedented incursion of the [[Ulama|clerical establishment]] in Iranian universities, the last firm bastion of Iran's reformists. In November 2005, a cleric{{Who|date=March 2022}} became chancellor of the [[University of Tehran]], replacing Dr. Faraji-dana, and marking the first time that Iran's clerical establishment replaced traditional academia to head a major academic institution. He has however written several books and has served on the faculty of the College of Law as an expert on [[Fiqh|Islamic jurisprudence]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/iran/story/2005/11/051125_mf_amid.shtml |title=نخستين رئيس روحانی برای دانشگاه تهران |publisher=BBC News |access-date=2011-10-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419062431/http://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/iran/story/2005/11/051125_mf_amid.shtml |archive-date=2012-04-19 |url-status=live }}</ref> The lengthy [[List of contemporary Iranian scientists, scholars, and engineers|list of Iranian chairs and directors of academia in these countries]] is arguably a sound index of this reality. Iran's brain-drain has become a focus of the media both domestically and internationally.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.payvand.com/news/01/may/1010.html|title=220,000 academics leave Iran in one year, brain drain rising - Moin warns|work=Payvand|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080409015930/http://www.payvand.com/news/01/may/1010.html|archive-date=2008-04-09|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iranian.ws/cgi-bin/iran_news/exec/view.cgi/2/3811|title=iranian.ws -&nbsp;Iranian Resources and Information.|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304031249/http://www.iranian.ws/cgi-bin/iran_news/exec/view.cgi/2/3811|archive-date=2016-03-04|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iranian.com/Opinion/2002/August/Brain/|title=THE IRANIAN: Brain drain, Ahmad Anvari|publisher=iranian.com|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071117034236/http://www.iranian.com/Opinion/2002/August/Brain/|archive-date=2007-11-17|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iranian.com/Opinion/2002/October/Brain/|title=THE IRANIAN: Brain drain, Mohammad Ala|publisher=iranian.com|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071117034245/http://www.iranian.com/Opinion/2002/October/Brain/|archive-date=2007-11-17|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.scidev.net/News/index.cfm?fuseaction=readNews&itemid=1485&language=1|title=Science & technology for global development news & analysis|publisher=SciDev.Net|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071117163807/http://www.scidev.net/News/index.cfm?fuseaction=readNews&itemid=1485&language=1|archive-date=2007-11-17|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parapundit.com/archives/002003.html|title=ParaPundit: Iran Has Highest Rate Of Emigration Brain Drain|work=parapundit.com|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080808120419/http://www.parapundit.com/archives/002003.html|archive-date=2008-08-08|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/1051803.html|title=Iran: Coping With The World's Highest Rate Of Brain Drain|newspaper=RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080413221553/http://www.rferl.org/featuresarticle/2004/03/c655d456-07df-405a-8fe9-aad51173bd66.html|archive-date=2008-04-13|url-status=live |last1=Esfandiari |first1=Golnaz }}</ref> Some blame an impoverished job market (which in turn is blamed by many on [[Western world|Western]]-imposed [[Sanctions against Iran|economic sanctions]]), while others blame a notoriously tightening social system. As a symptom of this, in 2006, Iranian president [[Mahmoud Ahmadinejad]] promised to eradicate all universities from what he called "the [[Liberalism|liberal]] and [[Secularity|secular]] influence".<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/6196069.stm|publisher=BBC|title=Mass purges at Iran universities|first=Frances|last=Harrison|date=20 December 2006 |author-link=Frances Harrison|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080407005558/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/6196069.stm|archive-date=2008-04-07|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2006/sep/06/highereducation.iran|work=The Guardian|title=Iranian president calls for purge of liberal lecturers|first=Robert|last=Tait|date=September 6, 2006|access-date=April 22, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080907083349/http://education.guardian.co.uk/higher/worldwide/story/0,,1865731,00.html|archive-date=September 7, 2008|url-status=live}}</ref> A report by ''The Washington Prism'' in January 2006 claims that the [[International Monetary Fund]] considers Iran to be ranked highest in [[Human capital flight|brain-drain]] among [[Developing country|developing countries]], with an estimated 180,000 people exiting Iran.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.washingtonprism.org/showarticle.cfm?id=213 |title=Washington Prism |publisher=Washington Prism |access-date=2011-10-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080406030207/http://www.washingtonprism.org/showarticle.cfm?id=213 |archive-date=2008-04-06 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The [[Islamic Republic News Agency]] reports the figure to be 200,000.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.payvand.com/news/06/apr/1188.html |title=Iran's Brain Drain: 200,000 graduates trying to go abroad |publisher=Payvand.com |date=2006-11-22 |access-date=2011-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110522031638/http://www.payvand.com/news/06/apr/1188.html |archive-date=2011-05-22 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/iran/2011/02/110214_l28_250_thousand_iranian_specialists_america.shtml |title=BBC فارسی - ايران - وزارت علوم:۲۵۰ هزار متخصص ايرانى در آمريكای شمالی هستند |date=14 February 2011 |publisher=BBC News |access-date=2011-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110317180338/http://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/iran/2011/02/110214_l28_250_thousand_iranian_specialists_america.shtml |archive-date=2011-03-17 |url-status=live }}</ref> According to the Iranian [[Ministry of Education (Iran)|Ministry of Culture and Higher Education]], there are approximately 50,000 Iranian students currently studying abroad.<ref name="Iranian Embassy in Oslo">{{cite web|title=Education System in Iran|url=http://www.iran-embassy-oslo.no/embassy/educat.htm|publisher=Iranian Embassy in Oslo|access-date=7 May 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090609234100/http://www.iran-embassy-oslo.no/embassy/educat.htm|archive-date=9 June 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==ধাৰা ওলোটা কৰাৰ প্ৰচেষ্টা== In recent years, several measures have been taken to slow down the brain-drain by providing work and research facilities for academics and highly skilled workers. In February 2003, the [[Iran National Science Foundation]] was established to promote [[science and technology in Iran]] and benefit the welfare of those engaged in [[research and development]]. Another institution founded to deal with the welfare of Iranians working in the sciences and technology is the "Iran National Geniuses" foundation.<ref>{{Cite web |title=.: بنیاد ملی نخبگان |url=http://www.bonyad-nokhbegan.ir/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080423102932/http://www.bonyad-nokhbegan.ir/ |archive-date=2008-04-23 |access-date=2008-04-22}}</ref> Iran has tried to compensate for the brain-drain by introducing the Graduate Record Bill, which calls for the internalization and expansion of education at the graduate level, thus increasing the number of graduates.<ref>{{cite book |url=http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=12185&page=25 |title=Science and Technology and the Future Development of Societies: International Workshop Proceedings |publisher=Nap.edu |date=2007-02-11 |doi=10.17226/12185 |isbn=978-0-309-11927-6 |access-date=2011-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121016082426/http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=12185&page=25 |archive-date=2012-10-16 |url-status=live }}</ref> ==তথ্যৰ উৎস== {{reflist}} ==অধিক পঢ়ক== *{{cite journal|title=The brain drain from Iran to the United States|first=Akbar E|last=Torbat|journal=Middle East Journal|pages=272–295|date=Spring 2002|volume=56|issue=2}} *Migration Information: {{cite web|url=http://www.migrationinformation.org/Profiles/display.cfm?ID=424|title=Iran: A Vast Diaspora Abroad and Millions of Refugees at Home|work=migrationpolicy.org|access-date=2008-12-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140215052030/http://migrationinformation.org/Profiles/display.cfm?ID=424|archive-date=2014-02-15|url-status=live}} *UCSC Study: {{Cite web |url=http://users.soe.ucsc.edu/~daraei/files/BrainDrain.jpg |title=Baskin School of Engineering – Baskin Engineering provides unique educational opportunities, world-class research with an eye to social responsibility and diversity |access-date=2014-01-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140110001124/http://users.soe.ucsc.edu/~daraei/files/BrainDrain.jpg |archive-date=2014-01-10 |url-status=live }} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== *[https://web.archive.org/web/20100525045858/http://www.g15.org/workingpaper5.pdf International Migration, Remittances and the Brain Drain] in [[Group of 15]] Countries [[শ্ৰেণী:ইৰান]] 9ol1q44p2fof303mnq73ykorux5qpxz 605868 605867 2026-05-11T14:55:30Z নৰুনা বৰুৱা 44897 /* পটভূমি */ 605868 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Emigration of highly educated people from Iran}} '''ইৰাণৰ পৰা মানৱ মূলধনৰ বহিঃপ্ৰবাহ''' ১৯৭৯ চনৰ ইছলামিক বিপ্লৱৰ পিছৰে পৰা ইৰাণৰ পৰা মানৱ পুঁজিৰ বহিঃপ্ৰবাহ এক উল্লেখযোগ্য পৰিঘটনা।<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mahmoudi |first=Hassan |date=2021-04-21 |title=Iran Loses Highly Educated and Skilled Citizens during Long-Running "Brain Drain" |url=https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/iran-brain-drain-emigration |access-date=2022-03-20 |website=migrationpolicy.org |language=en}}</ref> ১৯৯০ চনৰ আৰম্ভণিতে প্ৰতি বছৰে ১ লাখ ৫০ হাজাৰতকৈ অধিক ইৰাণীয়ে ইছলামিক গণৰাজ্য এৰি থৈ যায় <ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/1999/06/carringt.htm|title=IMF research economist Enrica Detragiache and U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics economist William J. Carrington in the IMF's quarterly magazine, ''Finance and Development'' (v. 36, n. 2 (July 1999)|access-date=2011-12-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090831103411/http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/1999/06/carringt.htm|archive-date=2009-08-31|url-status=live}}</ref> আৰু সেই সময়ত উচ্চতৰ মাধ্যমিক শিক্ষা গ্ৰহণ কৰা সকলো ইৰাণীৰ আনুমানিক ২৫ শতাংশই বিদেশত অ'ইচিডিৰ মানদণ্ডৰ উন্নত দেশত বাস কৰিছিল।<ref name="auto"/><ref name="RFERLclarif">{{cite web |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/1342682.html |title=Clarification On The 'Brain Drain.' |publisher=Rferl.org |date=2004-04-12 |access-date=2011-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110526124322/http://www.rferl.org/content/article/1342682.html |archive-date=2011-05-26 |url-status=live }}</ref> ২০০৯ চনৰ আই এম এফৰ প্ৰতিবেদনত কোৱা হৈছে যে ইৰাণ শৈক্ষিক অভিজাত শ্ৰেণী হেৰুৱাই পেলোৱা দেশসমূহৰ তালিকাৰ শীৰ্ষত আছে; ই ১৫০,০০০ৰ পৰা ১ লাখ ৮০,০০০ ভিতৰত বিশেষজ্ঞ হেৰুৱাইছিল। যিটো মোটামুটিভাৱে যথেষ্ট মূলধনী লোকচানৰ সমতুল্য।.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.payvand.com/news/12/may/1297.html|title=Iran Faced With Growing Brain Drain: Report|work=payvand.com|access-date=2012-06-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170425200026/http://www.payvand.com/news/12/may/1297.html|archive-date=2017-04-25|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="PRB">{{cite web |url=http://www.prb.org/Articles/2004/IranFacesPressuretoProvideJobsAddressHealthDisparities.aspx |title=Iran Faces Pressure to Provide Jobs, Address Health Disparities by Yvette Collymore |publisher=Prb.org |date=2004-09-07 |access-date=2011-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120920043819/http://www.prb.org/Articles/2004/IranFacesPressuretoProvideJobsAddressHealthDisparities.aspx |archive-date=2012-09-20 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Frances |last=Harrison |title=Huge cost of Iranian brain drain |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/6240287.stm |publisher=BBC News |date=2007-01-08 |access-date=2007-01-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070109193238/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/6240287.stm |archive-date=2007-01-09 |url-status=live }}</ref> ইয়াৰ উপৰিও ২০০৯ চনৰ ইৰাণৰ নিৰ্বাচনী প্ৰতিবাদৰ পিছত ৰাজনৈতিক দমনৰ ফলত ইৰাণৰ বুদ্ধিজীৱীসকলৰ গণ পলায়ন ঘটে, যাক "ক্ৰমবৰ্ধমান শৰণাৰ্থী পলায়ন" বুলি বৰ্ণনা কৰা হয়।<ref>"Iran's refugee exodus is exacerbating a brain drain that has stunted the country's development for years." [https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB126049484505086861?mod=rss_Today's_Most_Popular Thousands Flee Iran as Noose Tightens] DECEMBER 11, 2009</ref> ইয়াৰ উপৰিও আমেৰিকাৰ কেন্দ্ৰীয় চোৰাংচোৱা সংস্থাই (CIA) "ব্ৰেইনড্ৰেইন প্ৰজেক্ট" নামৰ এক গোপন অভিযান চলাই আছে বুলিও বাতৰি প্ৰকাশ পাইছে, যাৰ লক্ষ্য হৈছে ইৰাণৰ পাৰমাণৱিক বিশেষজ্ঞসকলক নিজৰ পক্ষলৈ আকৰ্ষণ কৰা, যাৰ ফলত ইৰাণৰ পাৰমাণৱিক কাৰ্যসূচী দুৰ্বল হৈ পৰিছে। <ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/11/world/middleeast/11assess.html?src=mv | work=The New York Times | title=Beyond Iran Sanctions, Plans B, C, D and | first=David E. | last=Sanger | date=June 10, 2010 | access-date=February 24, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160725104855/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/11/world/middleeast/11assess.html?src=mv | archive-date=July 25, 2016 | url-status=live }}</ref> ২০২৪ চনৰ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী মাহত ইৰাণ চৰকাৰে শিক্ষিত ব্যক্তিৰ প্ৰব্ৰজন ৰোধৰ বাবে প্ৰচেষ্টা আৰম্ভ কৰে, য’ত চোৰাংচোৱাগিৰি বৃদ্ধি আৰু মানুহৰ চলাচলত সম্ভাৱ্য বাধা আৰোপ কৰা হয়। <ref>{{cite web | last1=فردا | first1=رادیو | url=https://www.radiofarda.com/a/32827133.html | title=برخورد با دفاتر مهاجرتی برای جلوگیری از مهاجرت بیشتر نخبگان از ایران | work=رادیو فردا }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://ir.voanews.com/a/security-view-of-the-islamic-republic-on-the-migration-of-elites/7494624.html | title=همکاری بنیاد نخبگان و پلیس گذرنامه؛ مهاجرت هم امنیتی شد | date=20 February 2024 }}</ref> ==পটভূমি== ২০০৩ চনত ইৰাণৰ উন্নয়নৰ ওপৰত ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ 'সাধাৰণ দেশৰ মূল্যায়ন' অনুসৰি ১৯৯১ চনৰ পৰা ১৯৯৯ চনৰ ভিতৰত ইৰাণত চাকৰি সৃষ্টিৰ ফলত "শ্ৰম বজাৰত প্ৰৱেশ কৰা লোকসকলৰ ৬০ শতাংশতকৈও কম লোকে কৰ্মসংস্থাপন লাভ কৰিছিল"।<ref name="PRB"/> কেন্দ্ৰীয় চোৰাংচোৱা সংস্থাই অনুমান কৰিছে যে ১৫ বছৰ আৰু তাতকৈ অধিক বয়সৰ ৫ কোটি ১০ লাখ ইৰাণীৰ ভিতৰত ৭৭ শতাংশই পঢ়িব আৰু লিখিব পাৰে।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/iran/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110162554/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/iran |url-status=dead |archive-date=10 January 2021 |title=World Factbook, Iran |publisher=Cia.gov |access-date=2011-03-31 }}</ref> এই জনসংখ্যাৰ এটা বৃহৎ অংশ কলেজ পৰ্যায়ত আছে বা ইয়াৰ কাষ চাপিছে। ইৰাণত 'মগজুৰ নিষ্কাশন'ৰ কাৰণসমূহ হ'ল: "বিদেশত অৰ্থনৈতিক সমৃদ্ধি আৰু উন্নত শিক্ষাৰ সুযোগ। দেশখনে নিজৰ নাগৰিকৰ প্ৰয়োজনীয়তা পূৰণ কৰিব নোৱাৰাৰ লগতে নিবনুৱা সমস্যাৰ উচ্চ হাৰ আৰু বৌদ্ধিক আৰু সামাজিক সুৰক্ষাৰ সাধাৰণ অভাৱ। এই সকলোবোৰ কাৰকে মগজুৰ নিষ্কাশনত অৰিহণা যোগায়। ইয়াৰ উপৰিও ইৰানত থকা 'আত্ম-চেন্সৰশ্বিপ'ই মানুহক মুক্তভাৱে চিন্তা আৰু লিখাত বাধা দিয়ে।" ই এনে এক বাধা যিয়ে বৈজ্ঞানিক আৰু সমাজ বিজ্ঞান দুয়োটাতে গৱেষণাক অত্যন্ত কঠিন কৰি তোলে।"<ref name="Hakimzadeh">{{cite web |url=http://www.migrationinformation.org/Profiles/display.cfm?ID=424 |title=Iran: A Vast Diaspora Abroad and Millions of Refugees at Home By Shirin Hakimzadeh |publisher=Migrationinformation.org |access-date=2011-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140215052030/http://migrationinformation.org/Profiles/display.cfm?ID=424 |archive-date=2014-02-15 |url-status=live }}</ref> ইৰাণত বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ আসনৰ বাবে হোৱা তীব্ৰ প্ৰতিদ্বন্দ্বিতাও ইয়াত গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ ভূমিকা পালন কৰে। প্ৰতি বছৰে পৰীক্ষা দিয়া প্ৰায় ১৫ লাখ লোকৰ ভিতৰত মাত্ৰ ১১ শতাংশইহে বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ত নামভৰ্তি কৰে। স্নাতক ডিগ্ৰী লাভ কৰাৰ পিছতো যুৱক-যুৱতীসকলে দেখিবলৈ পায় যে উপলব্ধ চাকৰিৰ সংখ্যা অতি কম। চৰকাৰী পৰিসংখ্যা অনুসৰি প্ৰতি বছৰে শ্ৰম বজাৰত প্ৰৱেশ কৰা ২ লাখ ৭০ হাজাৰ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ স্নাতক ছাত্ৰৰ ভিতৰত মাত্ৰ প্ৰায় ৭৫ হাজাৰ লোকেহে চাকৰি পাবলৈ সক্ষম হয়। ‘মানৱ পুঁজি’ৰ এই পলায়নে প্ৰতি বছৰে চৰকাৰৰ ৩৮ বিলিয়ন ডলাৰতকৈ অধিক খৰচ কৰে তেল বিক্ৰীৰ পৰা পোৱা ৰাজহৰ দুগুণ। ‘পঞ্চবছৰীয়া উন্নয়ন পৰিকল্পনা’ৰ বিধানৰ অধীনত দেশে নিবনুৱা জনসাধাৰণৰ বাবে কৰ্মসংস্থাপনৰ সুযোগ সৃষ্টি কৰিবলৈ চেষ্টা কৰিছে; কিন্তু এই প্ৰচেষ্টাসমূহৰ ফল এতিয়াও সাফল্যমণ্ডিত হোৱা নাই। ফলত দেশখনে ইয়াৰ 'শিক্ষিত প্ৰবাসী সম্প্ৰদায়'ৰ পৰাও লাভৱান হ'ব নোৱাৰে বা দেশত উপস্থিত নিবনুৱা বিশেষজ্ঞৰ পুলৰ পৰাও লাভৱান হ'ব নোৱাৰে।"<ref name="Hakimzadeh"/> ==ইতিহাস== Emigration from [[Iran]] is said by one source<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hakimzadeh |first=Shirin |date=2006-09-01 |title=Iran: A Vast Diaspora Abroad and Millions of Refugees at Home |url=https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/iran-vast-diaspora-abroad-and-millions-refugees-home |access-date=2023-01-04 |website=migrationpolicy.org |language=en}}</ref> to have started in earnest with [[Conscription in Iran|conscription]] for the [[Iran–Iraq War]]. The government's need for fresh troops and the high mortality rate of those troops led to the flight of draft-age Iranian men to other countries. Another factor may have been the [[Iranian Cultural Revolution]], which occurred after the [[Iranian Revolution|1979 Islamic Revolution]]. On 12 June 1980, the Cultural Revolution shut down Iran's higher-education system for over a year with the goal of a complete overhaul. Nonetheless, the flight abroad of educated Iranians was commented on as early as 31 October 1980, when its importance was disparaged by the Iranian revolutionary leader [[Ruhollah Khomeini]]: :''"They say there is a brain drain. Let these decayed brains flee. Do not mourn them, let them pursue their own definitions of being. Is every brain with—what you call—science in it honourable? Shall we sit and mourn the brains that escaped? Shall we worry about these brains fleeing to the [[United States|US]] and the [[United Kingdom|UK]]? Let these brains flee and be replaced by more appropriate brains. Now that they (the [[Islamic republic|Islamic Republic]]) are filtering, you are sitting worried why they are executing [people]? Why are you discussing these rotten brains of [these] lost people? Why are you questioning [[Islam]]? Are they fleeing? To hell with them. Let them flee. They were not scientific brains. All the better. Don't be concerned. They should escape. [Iran] is not a place for them to live any more. These fleeing brains are of no use to us. Let them flee. If you know that this is no place for you, you should flee too."''<ref>Interview with [[Ettelaat]] newspaper, آیت الله روح الله خمینی در ملاقات با اعضای کمیته امداد روزنامه اطلاعات، 9 آبان ماه 1358 . Link: [http://www.iranpressnews.com/source/009122.htm See second paragraph] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20060509205414/http://www.iranpressnews.com/source/009122.htm |date=2006-05-09}} {{in lang|fa}}</ref> The trend continued during the Iran–Iraq War, and after a post-war relative calm, picked up once again during the unprecedented incursion of the [[Ulama|clerical establishment]] in Iranian universities, the last firm bastion of Iran's reformists. In November 2005, a cleric{{Who|date=March 2022}} became chancellor of the [[University of Tehran]], replacing Dr. Faraji-dana, and marking the first time that Iran's clerical establishment replaced traditional academia to head a major academic institution. He has however written several books and has served on the faculty of the College of Law as an expert on [[Fiqh|Islamic jurisprudence]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/iran/story/2005/11/051125_mf_amid.shtml |title=نخستين رئيس روحانی برای دانشگاه تهران |publisher=BBC News |access-date=2011-10-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419062431/http://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/iran/story/2005/11/051125_mf_amid.shtml |archive-date=2012-04-19 |url-status=live }}</ref> The lengthy [[List of contemporary Iranian scientists, scholars, and engineers|list of Iranian chairs and directors of academia in these countries]] is arguably a sound index of this reality. Iran's brain-drain has become a focus of the media both domestically and internationally.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.payvand.com/news/01/may/1010.html|title=220,000 academics leave Iran in one year, brain drain rising - Moin warns|work=Payvand|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080409015930/http://www.payvand.com/news/01/may/1010.html|archive-date=2008-04-09|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iranian.ws/cgi-bin/iran_news/exec/view.cgi/2/3811|title=iranian.ws -&nbsp;Iranian Resources and Information.|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304031249/http://www.iranian.ws/cgi-bin/iran_news/exec/view.cgi/2/3811|archive-date=2016-03-04|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iranian.com/Opinion/2002/August/Brain/|title=THE IRANIAN: Brain drain, Ahmad Anvari|publisher=iranian.com|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071117034236/http://www.iranian.com/Opinion/2002/August/Brain/|archive-date=2007-11-17|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iranian.com/Opinion/2002/October/Brain/|title=THE IRANIAN: Brain drain, Mohammad Ala|publisher=iranian.com|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071117034245/http://www.iranian.com/Opinion/2002/October/Brain/|archive-date=2007-11-17|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.scidev.net/News/index.cfm?fuseaction=readNews&itemid=1485&language=1|title=Science & technology for global development news & analysis|publisher=SciDev.Net|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071117163807/http://www.scidev.net/News/index.cfm?fuseaction=readNews&itemid=1485&language=1|archive-date=2007-11-17|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parapundit.com/archives/002003.html|title=ParaPundit: Iran Has Highest Rate Of Emigration Brain Drain|work=parapundit.com|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080808120419/http://www.parapundit.com/archives/002003.html|archive-date=2008-08-08|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/1051803.html|title=Iran: Coping With The World's Highest Rate Of Brain Drain|newspaper=RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080413221553/http://www.rferl.org/featuresarticle/2004/03/c655d456-07df-405a-8fe9-aad51173bd66.html|archive-date=2008-04-13|url-status=live |last1=Esfandiari |first1=Golnaz }}</ref> Some blame an impoverished job market (which in turn is blamed by many on [[Western world|Western]]-imposed [[Sanctions against Iran|economic sanctions]]), while others blame a notoriously tightening social system. As a symptom of this, in 2006, Iranian president [[Mahmoud Ahmadinejad]] promised to eradicate all universities from what he called "the [[Liberalism|liberal]] and [[Secularity|secular]] influence".<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/6196069.stm|publisher=BBC|title=Mass purges at Iran universities|first=Frances|last=Harrison|date=20 December 2006 |author-link=Frances Harrison|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080407005558/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/6196069.stm|archive-date=2008-04-07|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2006/sep/06/highereducation.iran|work=The Guardian|title=Iranian president calls for purge of liberal lecturers|first=Robert|last=Tait|date=September 6, 2006|access-date=April 22, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080907083349/http://education.guardian.co.uk/higher/worldwide/story/0,,1865731,00.html|archive-date=September 7, 2008|url-status=live}}</ref> A report by ''The Washington Prism'' in January 2006 claims that the [[International Monetary Fund]] considers Iran to be ranked highest in [[Human capital flight|brain-drain]] among [[Developing country|developing countries]], with an estimated 180,000 people exiting Iran.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.washingtonprism.org/showarticle.cfm?id=213 |title=Washington Prism |publisher=Washington Prism |access-date=2011-10-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080406030207/http://www.washingtonprism.org/showarticle.cfm?id=213 |archive-date=2008-04-06 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The [[Islamic Republic News Agency]] reports the figure to be 200,000.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.payvand.com/news/06/apr/1188.html |title=Iran's Brain Drain: 200,000 graduates trying to go abroad |publisher=Payvand.com |date=2006-11-22 |access-date=2011-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110522031638/http://www.payvand.com/news/06/apr/1188.html |archive-date=2011-05-22 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/iran/2011/02/110214_l28_250_thousand_iranian_specialists_america.shtml |title=BBC فارسی - ايران - وزارت علوم:۲۵۰ هزار متخصص ايرانى در آمريكای شمالی هستند |date=14 February 2011 |publisher=BBC News |access-date=2011-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110317180338/http://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/iran/2011/02/110214_l28_250_thousand_iranian_specialists_america.shtml |archive-date=2011-03-17 |url-status=live }}</ref> According to the Iranian [[Ministry of Education (Iran)|Ministry of Culture and Higher Education]], there are approximately 50,000 Iranian students currently studying abroad.<ref name="Iranian Embassy in Oslo">{{cite web|title=Education System in Iran|url=http://www.iran-embassy-oslo.no/embassy/educat.htm|publisher=Iranian Embassy in Oslo|access-date=7 May 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090609234100/http://www.iran-embassy-oslo.no/embassy/educat.htm|archive-date=9 June 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==ধাৰা ওলোটা কৰাৰ প্ৰচেষ্টা== In recent years, several measures have been taken to slow down the brain-drain by providing work and research facilities for academics and highly skilled workers. In February 2003, the [[Iran National Science Foundation]] was established to promote [[science and technology in Iran]] and benefit the welfare of those engaged in [[research and development]]. Another institution founded to deal with the welfare of Iranians working in the sciences and technology is the "Iran National Geniuses" foundation.<ref>{{Cite web |title=.: بنیاد ملی نخبگان |url=http://www.bonyad-nokhbegan.ir/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080423102932/http://www.bonyad-nokhbegan.ir/ |archive-date=2008-04-23 |access-date=2008-04-22}}</ref> Iran has tried to compensate for the brain-drain by introducing the Graduate Record Bill, which calls for the internalization and expansion of education at the graduate level, thus increasing the number of graduates.<ref>{{cite book |url=http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=12185&page=25 |title=Science and Technology and the Future Development of Societies: International Workshop Proceedings |publisher=Nap.edu |date=2007-02-11 |doi=10.17226/12185 |isbn=978-0-309-11927-6 |access-date=2011-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121016082426/http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=12185&page=25 |archive-date=2012-10-16 |url-status=live }}</ref> ==তথ্যৰ উৎস== {{reflist}} ==অধিক পঢ়ক== *{{cite journal|title=The brain drain from Iran to the United States|first=Akbar E|last=Torbat|journal=Middle East Journal|pages=272–295|date=Spring 2002|volume=56|issue=2}} *Migration Information: {{cite web|url=http://www.migrationinformation.org/Profiles/display.cfm?ID=424|title=Iran: A Vast Diaspora Abroad and Millions of Refugees at Home|work=migrationpolicy.org|access-date=2008-12-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140215052030/http://migrationinformation.org/Profiles/display.cfm?ID=424|archive-date=2014-02-15|url-status=live}} *UCSC Study: {{Cite web |url=http://users.soe.ucsc.edu/~daraei/files/BrainDrain.jpg |title=Baskin School of Engineering – Baskin Engineering provides unique educational opportunities, world-class research with an eye to social responsibility and diversity |access-date=2014-01-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140110001124/http://users.soe.ucsc.edu/~daraei/files/BrainDrain.jpg |archive-date=2014-01-10 |url-status=live }} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== *[https://web.archive.org/web/20100525045858/http://www.g15.org/workingpaper5.pdf International Migration, Remittances and the Brain Drain] in [[Group of 15]] Countries [[শ্ৰেণী:ইৰান]] i1qe7qvwud5xs8ugzontdrbjlene00j 605885 605868 2026-05-11T17:15:36Z নৰুনা বৰুৱা 44897 /* ইতিহাস */ 605885 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Emigration of highly educated people from Iran}} '''ইৰাণৰ পৰা মানৱ মূলধনৰ বহিঃপ্ৰবাহ''' ১৯৭৯ চনৰ ইছলামিক বিপ্লৱৰ পিছৰে পৰা ইৰাণৰ পৰা মানৱ পুঁজিৰ বহিঃপ্ৰবাহ এক উল্লেখযোগ্য পৰিঘটনা।<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mahmoudi |first=Hassan |date=2021-04-21 |title=Iran Loses Highly Educated and Skilled Citizens during Long-Running "Brain Drain" |url=https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/iran-brain-drain-emigration |access-date=2022-03-20 |website=migrationpolicy.org |language=en}}</ref> ১৯৯০ চনৰ আৰম্ভণিতে প্ৰতি বছৰে ১ লাখ ৫০ হাজাৰতকৈ অধিক ইৰাণীয়ে ইছলামিক গণৰাজ্য এৰি থৈ যায় <ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/1999/06/carringt.htm|title=IMF research economist Enrica Detragiache and U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics economist William J. Carrington in the IMF's quarterly magazine, ''Finance and Development'' (v. 36, n. 2 (July 1999)|access-date=2011-12-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090831103411/http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/1999/06/carringt.htm|archive-date=2009-08-31|url-status=live}}</ref> আৰু সেই সময়ত উচ্চতৰ মাধ্যমিক শিক্ষা গ্ৰহণ কৰা সকলো ইৰাণীৰ আনুমানিক ২৫ শতাংশই বিদেশত অ'ইচিডিৰ মানদণ্ডৰ উন্নত দেশত বাস কৰিছিল।<ref name="auto"/><ref name="RFERLclarif">{{cite web |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/1342682.html |title=Clarification On The 'Brain Drain.' |publisher=Rferl.org |date=2004-04-12 |access-date=2011-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110526124322/http://www.rferl.org/content/article/1342682.html |archive-date=2011-05-26 |url-status=live }}</ref> ২০০৯ চনৰ আই এম এফৰ প্ৰতিবেদনত কোৱা হৈছে যে ইৰাণ শৈক্ষিক অভিজাত শ্ৰেণী হেৰুৱাই পেলোৱা দেশসমূহৰ তালিকাৰ শীৰ্ষত আছে; ই ১৫০,০০০ৰ পৰা ১ লাখ ৮০,০০০ ভিতৰত বিশেষজ্ঞ হেৰুৱাইছিল। যিটো মোটামুটিভাৱে যথেষ্ট মূলধনী লোকচানৰ সমতুল্য।.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.payvand.com/news/12/may/1297.html|title=Iran Faced With Growing Brain Drain: Report|work=payvand.com|access-date=2012-06-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170425200026/http://www.payvand.com/news/12/may/1297.html|archive-date=2017-04-25|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="PRB">{{cite web |url=http://www.prb.org/Articles/2004/IranFacesPressuretoProvideJobsAddressHealthDisparities.aspx |title=Iran Faces Pressure to Provide Jobs, Address Health Disparities by Yvette Collymore |publisher=Prb.org |date=2004-09-07 |access-date=2011-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120920043819/http://www.prb.org/Articles/2004/IranFacesPressuretoProvideJobsAddressHealthDisparities.aspx |archive-date=2012-09-20 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Frances |last=Harrison |title=Huge cost of Iranian brain drain |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/6240287.stm |publisher=BBC News |date=2007-01-08 |access-date=2007-01-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070109193238/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/6240287.stm |archive-date=2007-01-09 |url-status=live }}</ref> ইয়াৰ উপৰিও ২০০৯ চনৰ ইৰাণৰ নিৰ্বাচনী প্ৰতিবাদৰ পিছত ৰাজনৈতিক দমনৰ ফলত ইৰাণৰ বুদ্ধিজীৱীসকলৰ গণ পলায়ন ঘটে, যাক "ক্ৰমবৰ্ধমান শৰণাৰ্থী পলায়ন" বুলি বৰ্ণনা কৰা হয়।<ref>"Iran's refugee exodus is exacerbating a brain drain that has stunted the country's development for years." [https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB126049484505086861?mod=rss_Today's_Most_Popular Thousands Flee Iran as Noose Tightens] DECEMBER 11, 2009</ref> ইয়াৰ উপৰিও আমেৰিকাৰ কেন্দ্ৰীয় চোৰাংচোৱা সংস্থাই (CIA) "ব্ৰেইনড্ৰেইন প্ৰজেক্ট" নামৰ এক গোপন অভিযান চলাই আছে বুলিও বাতৰি প্ৰকাশ পাইছে, যাৰ লক্ষ্য হৈছে ইৰাণৰ পাৰমাণৱিক বিশেষজ্ঞসকলক নিজৰ পক্ষলৈ আকৰ্ষণ কৰা, যাৰ ফলত ইৰাণৰ পাৰমাণৱিক কাৰ্যসূচী দুৰ্বল হৈ পৰিছে। <ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/11/world/middleeast/11assess.html?src=mv | work=The New York Times | title=Beyond Iran Sanctions, Plans B, C, D and | first=David E. | last=Sanger | date=June 10, 2010 | access-date=February 24, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160725104855/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/11/world/middleeast/11assess.html?src=mv | archive-date=July 25, 2016 | url-status=live }}</ref> ২০২৪ চনৰ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী মাহত ইৰাণ চৰকাৰে শিক্ষিত ব্যক্তিৰ প্ৰব্ৰজন ৰোধৰ বাবে প্ৰচেষ্টা আৰম্ভ কৰে, য’ত চোৰাংচোৱাগিৰি বৃদ্ধি আৰু মানুহৰ চলাচলত সম্ভাৱ্য বাধা আৰোপ কৰা হয়। <ref>{{cite web | last1=فردا | first1=رادیو | url=https://www.radiofarda.com/a/32827133.html | title=برخورد با دفاتر مهاجرتی برای جلوگیری از مهاجرت بیشتر نخبگان از ایران | work=رادیو فردا }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://ir.voanews.com/a/security-view-of-the-islamic-republic-on-the-migration-of-elites/7494624.html | title=همکاری بنیاد نخبگان و پلیس گذرنامه؛ مهاجرت هم امنیتی شد | date=20 February 2024 }}</ref> ==পটভূমি== ২০০৩ চনত ইৰাণৰ উন্নয়নৰ ওপৰত ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ 'সাধাৰণ দেশৰ মূল্যায়ন' অনুসৰি ১৯৯১ চনৰ পৰা ১৯৯৯ চনৰ ভিতৰত ইৰাণত চাকৰি সৃষ্টিৰ ফলত "শ্ৰম বজাৰত প্ৰৱেশ কৰা লোকসকলৰ ৬০ শতাংশতকৈও কম লোকে কৰ্মসংস্থাপন লাভ কৰিছিল"।<ref name="PRB"/> কেন্দ্ৰীয় চোৰাংচোৱা সংস্থাই অনুমান কৰিছে যে ১৫ বছৰ আৰু তাতকৈ অধিক বয়সৰ ৫ কোটি ১০ লাখ ইৰাণীৰ ভিতৰত ৭৭ শতাংশই পঢ়িব আৰু লিখিব পাৰে।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/iran/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110162554/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/iran |url-status=dead |archive-date=10 January 2021 |title=World Factbook, Iran |publisher=Cia.gov |access-date=2011-03-31 }}</ref> এই জনসংখ্যাৰ এটা বৃহৎ অংশ কলেজ পৰ্যায়ত আছে বা ইয়াৰ কাষ চাপিছে। ইৰাণত 'মগজুৰ নিষ্কাশন'ৰ কাৰণসমূহ হ'ল: "বিদেশত অৰ্থনৈতিক সমৃদ্ধি আৰু উন্নত শিক্ষাৰ সুযোগ। দেশখনে নিজৰ নাগৰিকৰ প্ৰয়োজনীয়তা পূৰণ কৰিব নোৱাৰাৰ লগতে নিবনুৱা সমস্যাৰ উচ্চ হাৰ আৰু বৌদ্ধিক আৰু সামাজিক সুৰক্ষাৰ সাধাৰণ অভাৱ। এই সকলোবোৰ কাৰকে মগজুৰ নিষ্কাশনত অৰিহণা যোগায়। ইয়াৰ উপৰিও ইৰানত থকা 'আত্ম-চেন্সৰশ্বিপ'ই মানুহক মুক্তভাৱে চিন্তা আৰু লিখাত বাধা দিয়ে।" ই এনে এক বাধা যিয়ে বৈজ্ঞানিক আৰু সমাজ বিজ্ঞান দুয়োটাতে গৱেষণাক অত্যন্ত কঠিন কৰি তোলে।"<ref name="Hakimzadeh">{{cite web |url=http://www.migrationinformation.org/Profiles/display.cfm?ID=424 |title=Iran: A Vast Diaspora Abroad and Millions of Refugees at Home By Shirin Hakimzadeh |publisher=Migrationinformation.org |access-date=2011-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140215052030/http://migrationinformation.org/Profiles/display.cfm?ID=424 |archive-date=2014-02-15 |url-status=live }}</ref> ইৰাণত বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ আসনৰ বাবে হোৱা তীব্ৰ প্ৰতিদ্বন্দ্বিতাও ইয়াত গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ ভূমিকা পালন কৰে। প্ৰতি বছৰে পৰীক্ষা দিয়া প্ৰায় ১৫ লাখ লোকৰ ভিতৰত মাত্ৰ ১১ শতাংশইহে বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ত নামভৰ্তি কৰে। স্নাতক ডিগ্ৰী লাভ কৰাৰ পিছতো যুৱক-যুৱতীসকলে দেখিবলৈ পায় যে উপলব্ধ চাকৰিৰ সংখ্যা অতি কম। চৰকাৰী পৰিসংখ্যা অনুসৰি প্ৰতি বছৰে শ্ৰম বজাৰত প্ৰৱেশ কৰা ২ লাখ ৭০ হাজাৰ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ স্নাতক ছাত্ৰৰ ভিতৰত মাত্ৰ প্ৰায় ৭৫ হাজাৰ লোকেহে চাকৰি পাবলৈ সক্ষম হয়। ‘মানৱ পুঁজি’ৰ এই পলায়নে প্ৰতি বছৰে চৰকাৰৰ ৩৮ বিলিয়ন ডলাৰতকৈ অধিক খৰচ কৰে তেল বিক্ৰীৰ পৰা পোৱা ৰাজহৰ দুগুণ। ‘পঞ্চবছৰীয়া উন্নয়ন পৰিকল্পনা’ৰ বিধানৰ অধীনত দেশে নিবনুৱা জনসাধাৰণৰ বাবে কৰ্মসংস্থাপনৰ সুযোগ সৃষ্টি কৰিবলৈ চেষ্টা কৰিছে; কিন্তু এই প্ৰচেষ্টাসমূহৰ ফল এতিয়াও সাফল্যমণ্ডিত হোৱা নাই। ফলত দেশখনে ইয়াৰ 'শিক্ষিত প্ৰবাসী সম্প্ৰদায়'ৰ পৰাও লাভৱান হ'ব নোৱাৰে বা দেশত উপস্থিত নিবনুৱা বিশেষজ্ঞৰ পুলৰ পৰাও লাভৱান হ'ব নোৱাৰে।"<ref name="Hakimzadeh"/> ==ইতিহাস== এটা সূত্ৰৰ মতে,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hakimzadeh |first=Shirin |date=2006-09-01 |title=Iran: A Vast Diaspora Abroad and Millions of Refugees at Home |url=https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/iran-vast-diaspora-abroad-and-millions-refugees-home |access-date=2023-01-04 |website=migrationpolicy.org |language=en}}</ref> ইৰাণৰ পৰা প্ৰব্ৰজন আৰম্ভ হৈছিল ইৰাণ-ইৰাক যুদ্ধৰ বাবে সৈনিক নিযুক্তিৰ পৰা। চৰকাৰক নতুন সৈনিকৰ প্ৰয়োজন আছিল আৰু সেই সৈন্যসকলৰ মাজত মৃত্যুৰ হাৰ অধিক হোৱাৰ বাবে নিযুক্তি পোৱা ইৰাণী পুৰুষসকলক আন দেশলৈ পলায়ন কৰিবলৈ বাধ্য কৰাইছিল। আন এটা সম্ভাৱ্য কাৰণ হ’ব পাৰে ১৯৭৯ চনৰ ইছলামিক বিপ্লৱৰ পিছত হোৱা ইৰাণৰ সাংস্কৃতিক বিপ্লৱ। ১৯৮০ চনৰ ১২ জুনত সাংস্কৃতিক বিপ্লৱে ইৰাণৰ উচ্চ শিক্ষা ব্যৱস্থাক বৃহৎ সংস্কাৰ কৰাৰ প্ৰয়াসত এবছৰতকৈও অধিক সময় বন্ধ কৰি দিছিল। তথাপিও শিক্ষিত ইৰাণীসকলে বিদেশলৈ প্ৰব্ৰজন কৰাৰ বিষয়টো ১৯৮০ চনৰ ৩১ অক্টোবৰতহে আলোচনা কৰা হৈছিল, যেতিয়া ইৰাণৰ বিপ্লৱী নেতা [[ৰুহেল্লা খোমেইনী]]য়ে ইয়াৰ গুৰুত্বক তুচ্ছজ্ঞান কৰিছিল: :''" মানুহে কয় "ব্ৰেইনৱাছিং"। এই পচি যোৱা মগজুবোৰ সাৰি যাওক। তেওঁলোকৰ বাবে শোক নকৰিবা; তেওঁলোকে জীৱনৰ নিজৰ সংজ্ঞা সৃষ্টি কৰক। প্ৰতিটো মগজু—যিটোক আপুনি "বিজ্ঞান" বুলি কয়—সন্মানৰ যোগ্য নেকি? পলাই যোৱাসকলৰ বাবে আমি বহি শোক কৰা উচিত নেকি? এই মগজুবোৰ আমেৰিকা আৰু ব্ৰিটেইনলৈ পলায়ন কৰাৰ বাবে আমি চিন্তা কৰা উচিত নেকি? এই মগজুবোৰ পলাওক, আৰু অধিক যোগ্য মগজুৱে ইয়াৰ ঠাই ল’ব। এতিয়া যেতিয়া তেওঁলোকে (ইছলামিক ৰিপাব্লিকে) পাৰ্জ চলাইছে, তেতিয়া আপুনি কিয় বিচলিত হৈছে, কিয় মানুহক হত্যা কৰিছে? আনকি এই বিপথে পৰিচালিত লোকসকলৰ পচি যোৱা মগজুৰ বিষয়েও কিয় আলোচনা কৰিছে? ইছলামক কিয় প্ৰশ্ন কৰিছে? পলায়ন কৰিছে নেকি? সিহঁতক যাবলৈ দিয়ক। সিহঁতক পলাবলৈ দিয়ক। তেওঁলোক বৈজ্ঞানিক মগজু নাছিল। সেইটোৱেই ভাল। চিন্তা নকৰিব। মাত্ৰ পলাব লাগে। [ইৰাণ] এতিয়া তেওঁলোকৰ বাসস্থান নহয়। এই বিপথে পৰিচালিত মগজুবোৰৰ আমাৰ কোনো কাম নাই। সিহঁতক পলাবলৈ দিয়ক। যদি আপুনি এই ঠাইখন আপোনাৰ থাকিবলৈ নহয় বুলি ভাবে, তেন্তে আপুনিও পলাই যোৱা উচিত। T "''<ref>Interview with [[Ettelaat]] newspaper, آیت الله روح الله خمینی در ملاقات با اعضای کمیته امداد روزنامه اطلاعات، 9 آبان ماه 1358 . Link: [http://www.iranpressnews.com/source/009122.htm See second paragraph] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20060509205414/http://www.iranpressnews.com/source/009122.htm |date=2006-05-09}} {{in lang|fa}}</ref> The trend continued during the Iran–Iraq War, and after a post-war relative calm, picked up once again during the unprecedented incursion of the [[Ulama|clerical establishment]] in Iranian universities, the last firm bastion of Iran's reformists. In November 2005, a cleric{{Who|date=March 2022}} became chancellor of the [[University of Tehran]], replacing Dr. Faraji-dana, and marking the first time that Iran's clerical establishment replaced traditional academia to head a major academic institution. He has however written several books and has served on the faculty of the College of Law as an expert on [[Fiqh|Islamic jurisprudence]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/iran/story/2005/11/051125_mf_amid.shtml |title=نخستين رئيس روحانی برای دانشگاه تهران |publisher=BBC News |access-date=2011-10-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419062431/http://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/iran/story/2005/11/051125_mf_amid.shtml |archive-date=2012-04-19 |url-status=live }}</ref> The lengthy [[List of contemporary Iranian scientists, scholars, and engineers|list of Iranian chairs and directors of academia in these countries]] is arguably a sound index of this reality. Iran's brain-drain has become a focus of the media both domestically and internationally.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.payvand.com/news/01/may/1010.html|title=220,000 academics leave Iran in one year, brain drain rising - Moin warns|work=Payvand|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080409015930/http://www.payvand.com/news/01/may/1010.html|archive-date=2008-04-09|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iranian.ws/cgi-bin/iran_news/exec/view.cgi/2/3811|title=iranian.ws -&nbsp;Iranian Resources and Information.|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304031249/http://www.iranian.ws/cgi-bin/iran_news/exec/view.cgi/2/3811|archive-date=2016-03-04|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iranian.com/Opinion/2002/August/Brain/|title=THE IRANIAN: Brain drain, Ahmad Anvari|publisher=iranian.com|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071117034236/http://www.iranian.com/Opinion/2002/August/Brain/|archive-date=2007-11-17|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iranian.com/Opinion/2002/October/Brain/|title=THE IRANIAN: Brain drain, Mohammad Ala|publisher=iranian.com|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071117034245/http://www.iranian.com/Opinion/2002/October/Brain/|archive-date=2007-11-17|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.scidev.net/News/index.cfm?fuseaction=readNews&itemid=1485&language=1|title=Science & technology for global development news & analysis|publisher=SciDev.Net|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071117163807/http://www.scidev.net/News/index.cfm?fuseaction=readNews&itemid=1485&language=1|archive-date=2007-11-17|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parapundit.com/archives/002003.html|title=ParaPundit: Iran Has Highest Rate Of Emigration Brain Drain|work=parapundit.com|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080808120419/http://www.parapundit.com/archives/002003.html|archive-date=2008-08-08|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/1051803.html|title=Iran: Coping With The World's Highest Rate Of Brain Drain|newspaper=RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080413221553/http://www.rferl.org/featuresarticle/2004/03/c655d456-07df-405a-8fe9-aad51173bd66.html|archive-date=2008-04-13|url-status=live |last1=Esfandiari |first1=Golnaz }}</ref> Some blame an impoverished job market (which in turn is blamed by many on [[Western world|Western]]-imposed [[Sanctions against Iran|economic sanctions]]), while others blame a notoriously tightening social system. As a symptom of this, in 2006, Iranian president [[Mahmoud Ahmadinejad]] promised to eradicate all universities from what he called "the [[Liberalism|liberal]] and [[Secularity|secular]] influence".<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/6196069.stm|publisher=BBC|title=Mass purges at Iran universities|first=Frances|last=Harrison|date=20 December 2006 |author-link=Frances Harrison|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080407005558/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/6196069.stm|archive-date=2008-04-07|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2006/sep/06/highereducation.iran|work=The Guardian|title=Iranian president calls for purge of liberal lecturers|first=Robert|last=Tait|date=September 6, 2006|access-date=April 22, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080907083349/http://education.guardian.co.uk/higher/worldwide/story/0,,1865731,00.html|archive-date=September 7, 2008|url-status=live}}</ref> A report by ''The Washington Prism'' in January 2006 claims that the [[International Monetary Fund]] considers Iran to be ranked highest in [[Human capital flight|brain-drain]] among [[Developing country|developing countries]], with an estimated 180,000 people exiting Iran.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.washingtonprism.org/showarticle.cfm?id=213 |title=Washington Prism |publisher=Washington Prism |access-date=2011-10-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080406030207/http://www.washingtonprism.org/showarticle.cfm?id=213 |archive-date=2008-04-06 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The [[Islamic Republic News Agency]] reports the figure to be 200,000.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.payvand.com/news/06/apr/1188.html |title=Iran's Brain Drain: 200,000 graduates trying to go abroad |publisher=Payvand.com |date=2006-11-22 |access-date=2011-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110522031638/http://www.payvand.com/news/06/apr/1188.html |archive-date=2011-05-22 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/iran/2011/02/110214_l28_250_thousand_iranian_specialists_america.shtml |title=BBC فارسی - ايران - وزارت علوم:۲۵۰ هزار متخصص ايرانى در آمريكای شمالی هستند |date=14 February 2011 |publisher=BBC News |access-date=2011-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110317180338/http://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/iran/2011/02/110214_l28_250_thousand_iranian_specialists_america.shtml |archive-date=2011-03-17 |url-status=live }}</ref> According to the Iranian [[Ministry of Education (Iran)|Ministry of Culture and Higher Education]], there are approximately 50,000 Iranian students currently studying abroad.<ref name="Iranian Embassy in Oslo">{{cite web|title=Education System in Iran|url=http://www.iran-embassy-oslo.no/embassy/educat.htm|publisher=Iranian Embassy in Oslo|access-date=7 May 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090609234100/http://www.iran-embassy-oslo.no/embassy/educat.htm|archive-date=9 June 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==ধাৰা ওলোটা কৰাৰ প্ৰচেষ্টা== In recent years, several measures have been taken to slow down the brain-drain by providing work and research facilities for academics and highly skilled workers. In February 2003, the [[Iran National Science Foundation]] was established to promote [[science and technology in Iran]] and benefit the welfare of those engaged in [[research and development]]. Another institution founded to deal with the welfare of Iranians working in the sciences and technology is the "Iran National Geniuses" foundation.<ref>{{Cite web |title=.: بنیاد ملی نخبگان |url=http://www.bonyad-nokhbegan.ir/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080423102932/http://www.bonyad-nokhbegan.ir/ |archive-date=2008-04-23 |access-date=2008-04-22}}</ref> Iran has tried to compensate for the brain-drain by introducing the Graduate Record Bill, which calls for the internalization and expansion of education at the graduate level, thus increasing the number of graduates.<ref>{{cite book |url=http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=12185&page=25 |title=Science and Technology and the Future Development of Societies: International Workshop Proceedings |publisher=Nap.edu |date=2007-02-11 |doi=10.17226/12185 |isbn=978-0-309-11927-6 |access-date=2011-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121016082426/http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=12185&page=25 |archive-date=2012-10-16 |url-status=live }}</ref> ==তথ্যৰ উৎস== {{reflist}} ==অধিক পঢ়ক== *{{cite journal|title=The brain drain from Iran to the United States|first=Akbar E|last=Torbat|journal=Middle East Journal|pages=272–295|date=Spring 2002|volume=56|issue=2}} *Migration Information: {{cite web|url=http://www.migrationinformation.org/Profiles/display.cfm?ID=424|title=Iran: A Vast Diaspora Abroad and Millions of Refugees at Home|work=migrationpolicy.org|access-date=2008-12-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140215052030/http://migrationinformation.org/Profiles/display.cfm?ID=424|archive-date=2014-02-15|url-status=live}} *UCSC Study: {{Cite web |url=http://users.soe.ucsc.edu/~daraei/files/BrainDrain.jpg |title=Baskin School of Engineering – Baskin Engineering provides unique educational opportunities, world-class research with an eye to social responsibility and diversity |access-date=2014-01-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140110001124/http://users.soe.ucsc.edu/~daraei/files/BrainDrain.jpg |archive-date=2014-01-10 |url-status=live }} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== *[https://web.archive.org/web/20100525045858/http://www.g15.org/workingpaper5.pdf International Migration, Remittances and the Brain Drain] in [[Group of 15]] Countries [[শ্ৰেণী:ইৰান]] 96w7jpt0nkax67spohy2e40vu6xsc10 605898 605885 2026-05-11T17:51:42Z নৰুনা বৰুৱা 44897 /* ইতিহাস */ 605898 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Emigration of highly educated people from Iran}} '''ইৰাণৰ পৰা মানৱ মূলধনৰ বহিঃপ্ৰবাহ''' ১৯৭৯ চনৰ ইছলামিক বিপ্লৱৰ পিছৰে পৰা ইৰাণৰ পৰা মানৱ পুঁজিৰ বহিঃপ্ৰবাহ এক উল্লেখযোগ্য পৰিঘটনা।<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mahmoudi |first=Hassan |date=2021-04-21 |title=Iran Loses Highly Educated and Skilled Citizens during Long-Running "Brain Drain" |url=https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/iran-brain-drain-emigration |access-date=2022-03-20 |website=migrationpolicy.org |language=en}}</ref> ১৯৯০ চনৰ আৰম্ভণিতে প্ৰতি বছৰে ১ লাখ ৫০ হাজাৰতকৈ অধিক ইৰাণীয়ে ইছলামিক গণৰাজ্য এৰি থৈ যায় <ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/1999/06/carringt.htm|title=IMF research economist Enrica Detragiache and U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics economist William J. Carrington in the IMF's quarterly magazine, ''Finance and Development'' (v. 36, n. 2 (July 1999)|access-date=2011-12-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090831103411/http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/1999/06/carringt.htm|archive-date=2009-08-31|url-status=live}}</ref> আৰু সেই সময়ত উচ্চতৰ মাধ্যমিক শিক্ষা গ্ৰহণ কৰা সকলো ইৰাণীৰ আনুমানিক ২৫ শতাংশই বিদেশত অ'ইচিডিৰ মানদণ্ডৰ উন্নত দেশত বাস কৰিছিল।<ref name="auto"/><ref name="RFERLclarif">{{cite web |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/1342682.html |title=Clarification On The 'Brain Drain.' |publisher=Rferl.org |date=2004-04-12 |access-date=2011-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110526124322/http://www.rferl.org/content/article/1342682.html |archive-date=2011-05-26 |url-status=live }}</ref> ২০০৯ চনৰ আই এম এফৰ প্ৰতিবেদনত কোৱা হৈছে যে ইৰাণ শৈক্ষিক অভিজাত শ্ৰেণী হেৰুৱাই পেলোৱা দেশসমূহৰ তালিকাৰ শীৰ্ষত আছে; ই ১৫০,০০০ৰ পৰা ১ লাখ ৮০,০০০ ভিতৰত বিশেষজ্ঞ হেৰুৱাইছিল। যিটো মোটামুটিভাৱে যথেষ্ট মূলধনী লোকচানৰ সমতুল্য।.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.payvand.com/news/12/may/1297.html|title=Iran Faced With Growing Brain Drain: Report|work=payvand.com|access-date=2012-06-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170425200026/http://www.payvand.com/news/12/may/1297.html|archive-date=2017-04-25|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="PRB">{{cite web |url=http://www.prb.org/Articles/2004/IranFacesPressuretoProvideJobsAddressHealthDisparities.aspx |title=Iran Faces Pressure to Provide Jobs, Address Health Disparities by Yvette Collymore |publisher=Prb.org |date=2004-09-07 |access-date=2011-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120920043819/http://www.prb.org/Articles/2004/IranFacesPressuretoProvideJobsAddressHealthDisparities.aspx |archive-date=2012-09-20 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Frances |last=Harrison |title=Huge cost of Iranian brain drain |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/6240287.stm |publisher=BBC News |date=2007-01-08 |access-date=2007-01-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070109193238/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/6240287.stm |archive-date=2007-01-09 |url-status=live }}</ref> ইয়াৰ উপৰিও ২০০৯ চনৰ ইৰাণৰ নিৰ্বাচনী প্ৰতিবাদৰ পিছত ৰাজনৈতিক দমনৰ ফলত ইৰাণৰ বুদ্ধিজীৱীসকলৰ গণ পলায়ন ঘটে, যাক "ক্ৰমবৰ্ধমান শৰণাৰ্থী পলায়ন" বুলি বৰ্ণনা কৰা হয়।<ref>"Iran's refugee exodus is exacerbating a brain drain that has stunted the country's development for years." [https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB126049484505086861?mod=rss_Today's_Most_Popular Thousands Flee Iran as Noose Tightens] DECEMBER 11, 2009</ref> ইয়াৰ উপৰিও আমেৰিকাৰ কেন্দ্ৰীয় চোৰাংচোৱা সংস্থাই (CIA) "ব্ৰেইনড্ৰেইন প্ৰজেক্ট" নামৰ এক গোপন অভিযান চলাই আছে বুলিও বাতৰি প্ৰকাশ পাইছে, যাৰ লক্ষ্য হৈছে ইৰাণৰ পাৰমাণৱিক বিশেষজ্ঞসকলক নিজৰ পক্ষলৈ আকৰ্ষণ কৰা, যাৰ ফলত ইৰাণৰ পাৰমাণৱিক কাৰ্যসূচী দুৰ্বল হৈ পৰিছে। <ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/11/world/middleeast/11assess.html?src=mv | work=The New York Times | title=Beyond Iran Sanctions, Plans B, C, D and | first=David E. | last=Sanger | date=June 10, 2010 | access-date=February 24, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160725104855/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/11/world/middleeast/11assess.html?src=mv | archive-date=July 25, 2016 | url-status=live }}</ref> ২০২৪ চনৰ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী মাহত ইৰাণ চৰকাৰে শিক্ষিত ব্যক্তিৰ প্ৰব্ৰজন ৰোধৰ বাবে প্ৰচেষ্টা আৰম্ভ কৰে, য’ত চোৰাংচোৱাগিৰি বৃদ্ধি আৰু মানুহৰ চলাচলত সম্ভাৱ্য বাধা আৰোপ কৰা হয়। <ref>{{cite web | last1=فردا | first1=رادیو | url=https://www.radiofarda.com/a/32827133.html | title=برخورد با دفاتر مهاجرتی برای جلوگیری از مهاجرت بیشتر نخبگان از ایران | work=رادیو فردا }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://ir.voanews.com/a/security-view-of-the-islamic-republic-on-the-migration-of-elites/7494624.html | title=همکاری بنیاد نخبگان و پلیس گذرنامه؛ مهاجرت هم امنیتی شد | date=20 February 2024 }}</ref> ==পটভূমি== ২০০৩ চনত ইৰাণৰ উন্নয়নৰ ওপৰত ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ 'সাধাৰণ দেশৰ মূল্যায়ন' অনুসৰি ১৯৯১ চনৰ পৰা ১৯৯৯ চনৰ ভিতৰত ইৰাণত চাকৰি সৃষ্টিৰ ফলত "শ্ৰম বজাৰত প্ৰৱেশ কৰা লোকসকলৰ ৬০ শতাংশতকৈও কম লোকে কৰ্মসংস্থাপন লাভ কৰিছিল"।<ref name="PRB"/> কেন্দ্ৰীয় চোৰাংচোৱা সংস্থাই অনুমান কৰিছে যে ১৫ বছৰ আৰু তাতকৈ অধিক বয়সৰ ৫ কোটি ১০ লাখ ইৰাণীৰ ভিতৰত ৭৭ শতাংশই পঢ়িব আৰু লিখিব পাৰে।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/iran/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110162554/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/iran |url-status=dead |archive-date=10 January 2021 |title=World Factbook, Iran |publisher=Cia.gov |access-date=2011-03-31 }}</ref> এই জনসংখ্যাৰ এটা বৃহৎ অংশ কলেজ পৰ্যায়ত আছে বা ইয়াৰ কাষ চাপিছে। ইৰাণত 'মগজুৰ নিষ্কাশন'ৰ কাৰণসমূহ হ'ল: "বিদেশত অৰ্থনৈতিক সমৃদ্ধি আৰু উন্নত শিক্ষাৰ সুযোগ। দেশখনে নিজৰ নাগৰিকৰ প্ৰয়োজনীয়তা পূৰণ কৰিব নোৱাৰাৰ লগতে নিবনুৱা সমস্যাৰ উচ্চ হাৰ আৰু বৌদ্ধিক আৰু সামাজিক সুৰক্ষাৰ সাধাৰণ অভাৱ। এই সকলোবোৰ কাৰকে মগজুৰ নিষ্কাশনত অৰিহণা যোগায়। ইয়াৰ উপৰিও ইৰানত থকা 'আত্ম-চেন্সৰশ্বিপ'ই মানুহক মুক্তভাৱে চিন্তা আৰু লিখাত বাধা দিয়ে।" ই এনে এক বাধা যিয়ে বৈজ্ঞানিক আৰু সমাজ বিজ্ঞান দুয়োটাতে গৱেষণাক অত্যন্ত কঠিন কৰি তোলে।"<ref name="Hakimzadeh">{{cite web |url=http://www.migrationinformation.org/Profiles/display.cfm?ID=424 |title=Iran: A Vast Diaspora Abroad and Millions of Refugees at Home By Shirin Hakimzadeh |publisher=Migrationinformation.org |access-date=2011-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140215052030/http://migrationinformation.org/Profiles/display.cfm?ID=424 |archive-date=2014-02-15 |url-status=live }}</ref> ইৰাণত বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ আসনৰ বাবে হোৱা তীব্ৰ প্ৰতিদ্বন্দ্বিতাও ইয়াত গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ ভূমিকা পালন কৰে। প্ৰতি বছৰে পৰীক্ষা দিয়া প্ৰায় ১৫ লাখ লোকৰ ভিতৰত মাত্ৰ ১১ শতাংশইহে বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ত নামভৰ্তি কৰে। স্নাতক ডিগ্ৰী লাভ কৰাৰ পিছতো যুৱক-যুৱতীসকলে দেখিবলৈ পায় যে উপলব্ধ চাকৰিৰ সংখ্যা অতি কম। চৰকাৰী পৰিসংখ্যা অনুসৰি প্ৰতি বছৰে শ্ৰম বজাৰত প্ৰৱেশ কৰা ২ লাখ ৭০ হাজাৰ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ স্নাতক ছাত্ৰৰ ভিতৰত মাত্ৰ প্ৰায় ৭৫ হাজাৰ লোকেহে চাকৰি পাবলৈ সক্ষম হয়। ‘মানৱ পুঁজি’ৰ এই পলায়নে প্ৰতি বছৰে চৰকাৰৰ ৩৮ বিলিয়ন ডলাৰতকৈ অধিক খৰচ কৰে তেল বিক্ৰীৰ পৰা পোৱা ৰাজহৰ দুগুণ। ‘পঞ্চবছৰীয়া উন্নয়ন পৰিকল্পনা’ৰ বিধানৰ অধীনত দেশে নিবনুৱা জনসাধাৰণৰ বাবে কৰ্মসংস্থাপনৰ সুযোগ সৃষ্টি কৰিবলৈ চেষ্টা কৰিছে; কিন্তু এই প্ৰচেষ্টাসমূহৰ ফল এতিয়াও সাফল্যমণ্ডিত হোৱা নাই। ফলত দেশখনে ইয়াৰ 'শিক্ষিত প্ৰবাসী সম্প্ৰদায়'ৰ পৰাও লাভৱান হ'ব নোৱাৰে বা দেশত উপস্থিত নিবনুৱা বিশেষজ্ঞৰ পুলৰ পৰাও লাভৱান হ'ব নোৱাৰে।"<ref name="Hakimzadeh"/> ==ইতিহাস== এটা সূত্ৰৰ মতে,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hakimzadeh |first=Shirin |date=2006-09-01 |title=Iran: A Vast Diaspora Abroad and Millions of Refugees at Home |url=https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/iran-vast-diaspora-abroad-and-millions-refugees-home |access-date=2023-01-04 |website=migrationpolicy.org |language=en}}</ref> ইৰাণৰ পৰা প্ৰব্ৰজন আৰম্ভ হৈছিল ইৰাণ-ইৰাক যুদ্ধৰ বাবে সৈনিক নিযুক্তিৰ পৰা। চৰকাৰক নতুন সৈনিকৰ প্ৰয়োজন আছিল আৰু সেই সৈন্যসকলৰ মাজত মৃত্যুৰ হাৰ অধিক হোৱাৰ বাবে নিযুক্তি পোৱা ইৰাণী পুৰুষসকলক আন দেশলৈ পলায়ন কৰিবলৈ বাধ্য কৰাইছিল। আন এটা সম্ভাৱ্য কাৰণ হ’ব পাৰে ১৯৭৯ চনৰ ইছলামিক বিপ্লৱৰ পিছত হোৱা ইৰাণৰ সাংস্কৃতিক বিপ্লৱ। ১৯৮০ চনৰ ১২ জুনত সাংস্কৃতিক বিপ্লৱে ইৰাণৰ উচ্চ শিক্ষা ব্যৱস্থাক বৃহৎ সংস্কাৰ কৰাৰ প্ৰয়াসত এবছৰতকৈও অধিক সময় বন্ধ কৰি দিছিল। তথাপিও শিক্ষিত ইৰাণীসকলে বিদেশলৈ প্ৰব্ৰজন কৰাৰ বিষয়টো ১৯৮০ চনৰ ৩১ অক্টোবৰতহে আলোচনা কৰা হৈছিল, যেতিয়া ইৰাণৰ বিপ্লৱী নেতা [[ৰুহেল্লা খোমেইনী]]য়ে ইয়াৰ গুৰুত্বক তুচ্ছজ্ঞান কৰিছিল: :''" মানুহে কয় "ব্ৰেইনৱাছিং"। এই পচি যোৱা মগজুবোৰ সাৰি যাওক। তেওঁলোকৰ বাবে শোক নকৰিবা; তেওঁলোকে জীৱনৰ নিজৰ সংজ্ঞা সৃষ্টি কৰক। প্ৰতিটো মগজু—যিটোক আপুনি "বিজ্ঞান" বুলি কয়—সন্মানৰ যোগ্য নেকি? পলাই যোৱাসকলৰ বাবে আমি বহি শোক কৰা উচিত নেকি? এই মগজুবোৰ আমেৰিকা আৰু ব্ৰিটেইনলৈ পলায়ন কৰাৰ বাবে আমি চিন্তা কৰা উচিত নেকি? এই মগজুবোৰ পলাওক, আৰু অধিক যোগ্য মগজুৱে ইয়াৰ ঠাই ল’ব। এতিয়া যেতিয়া তেওঁলোকে (ইছলামিক ৰিপাব্লিকে) পাৰ্জ চলাইছে, তেতিয়া আপুনি কিয় বিচলিত হৈছে, কিয় মানুহক হত্যা কৰিছে? আনকি এই বিপথে পৰিচালিত লোকসকলৰ পচি যোৱা মগজুৰ বিষয়েও কিয় আলোচনা কৰিছে? ইছলামক কিয় প্ৰশ্ন কৰিছে? পলায়ন কৰিছে নেকি? সিহঁতক যাবলৈ দিয়ক। সিহঁতক পলাবলৈ দিয়ক। তেওঁলোক বৈজ্ঞানিক মগজু নাছিল। সেইটোৱেই ভাল। চিন্তা নকৰিব। মাত্ৰ পলাব লাগে। [ইৰাণ] এতিয়া তেওঁলোকৰ বাসস্থান নহয়। এই বিপথে পৰিচালিত মগজুবোৰৰ আমাৰ কোনো কাম নাই। সিহঁতক পলাবলৈ দিয়ক। যদি আপুনি এই ঠাইখন আপোনাৰ থাকিবলৈ নহয় বুলি ভাবে, তেন্তে আপুনিও পলাই যোৱা উচিত। T "''<ref>Interview with [[Ettelaat]] newspaper, آیت الله روح الله خمینی در ملاقات با اعضای کمیته امداد روزنامه اطلاعات، 9 آبان ماه 1358 . Link: [http://www.iranpressnews.com/source/009122.htm See second paragraph] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20060509205414/http://www.iranpressnews.com/source/009122.htm |date=2006-05-09}} {{in lang|fa}}</ref> ইৰাণ–ইৰাক যুদ্ধৰ সময়তো এই ধাৰা অব্যাহত আছিল। ২০০৫ চনৰ নৱেম্বৰ মাহত ড° ফাৰাজী-ডানাৰ ঠাইত এজন ধৰ্মগুৰুৱে তেহৰাণ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ চ্যান্সেলৰৰ দায়িত্ব লয়। ইৰাণৰ ইতিহাসত প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে কোনো ডাঙৰ শিক্ষানুষ্ঠানৰ নেতৃত্বত পৰম্পৰাগত শিক্ষাবিদসকলৰ ওপৰত এজন ধৰ্মগুৰুক আধিপত্য বিস্তাৰ কৰা হৈছিল। তেওঁ অৱশ্যে কেইবাখনো গ্ৰন্থৰ ৰচনা কৰিছে আৰু ইছলামিক ন্যায়বিজ্ঞানৰ বিশেষজ্ঞ হিচাপে বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ আইন বিদ্যালয়তো অধ্যাপনা কৰিছে।<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/iran/story/2005/11/051125_mf_amid.shtml |title=نخستين رئيس روحانی برای دانشگاه تهران |publisher=BBC News |access-date=2011-10-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419062431/http://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/iran/story/2005/11/051125_mf_amid.shtml |archive-date=2012-04-19 |url-status=live }}</ref> এই দেশসমূহত একাডেমীৰ গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ পদবীত থকা ইৰাণৰ বিভাগীয় মুৰব্বী আৰু পৰিচালকৰ দীঘলীয়া তালিকাখন নিঃসন্দেহে এই বাস্তৱতাৰ এক শক্তিশালী সূচক। ইৰাণৰ পৰা অহা মগজুৰ নিষ্কাশন ঘৰুৱা আৰু আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় পৰ্যায়ত সংবাদ মাধ্যমত আলোচনাৰ এক উত্তপ্ত বিষয় হৈ পৰিছে।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.payvand.com/news/01/may/1010.html|title=220,000 academics leave Iran in one year, brain drain rising - Moin warns|work=Payvand|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080409015930/http://www.payvand.com/news/01/may/1010.html|archive-date=2008-04-09|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iranian.ws/cgi-bin/iran_news/exec/view.cgi/2/3811|title=iranian.ws -&nbsp;Iranian Resources and Information.|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304031249/http://www.iranian.ws/cgi-bin/iran_news/exec/view.cgi/2/3811|archive-date=2016-03-04|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iranian.com/Opinion/2002/August/Brain/|title=THE IRANIAN: Brain drain, Ahmad Anvari|publisher=iranian.com|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071117034236/http://www.iranian.com/Opinion/2002/August/Brain/|archive-date=2007-11-17|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iranian.com/Opinion/2002/October/Brain/|title=THE IRANIAN: Brain drain, Mohammad Ala|publisher=iranian.com|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071117034245/http://www.iranian.com/Opinion/2002/October/Brain/|archive-date=2007-11-17|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.scidev.net/News/index.cfm?fuseaction=readNews&itemid=1485&language=1|title=Science & technology for global development news & analysis|publisher=SciDev.Net|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071117163807/http://www.scidev.net/News/index.cfm?fuseaction=readNews&itemid=1485&language=1|archive-date=2007-11-17|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parapundit.com/archives/002003.html|title=ParaPundit: Iran Has Highest Rate Of Emigration Brain Drain|work=parapundit.com|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080808120419/http://www.parapundit.com/archives/002003.html|archive-date=2008-08-08|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/1051803.html|title=Iran: Coping With The World's Highest Rate Of Brain Drain|newspaper=RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080413221553/http://www.rferl.org/featuresarticle/2004/03/c655d456-07df-405a-8fe9-aad51173bd66.html|archive-date=2008-04-13|url-status=live |last1=Esfandiari |first1=Golnaz }}</ref> কিছুমানে পৰিস্থিতিৰ বাবে সীমিত নিয়োগৰ সুযোগ বা দুৰ্বল শ্ৰম বজাৰ (যিটো বহুতে পশ্চিমীয়া অৰ্থনৈতিক নিষেধাজ্ঞাৰ বাবে দোষাৰোপ কৰে); আন কিছুমানে দেশৰ ক্ৰমান্বয়ে বাধাপ্ৰাপ্ত আৰু স্তব্ধ হৈ পৰা সামাজিক ব্যৱস্থাক দোষাৰোপ কৰে। এই পৰিস্থিতিৰ চিন হিচাপে ২০০৬ চনত তেতিয়াৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰপতি মাহমুদ আহমদিনেজাদে দেশৰ সকলো বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়কে তেওঁ "উদাৰ আৰু ধৰ্মনিৰপেক্ষ প্ৰভাৱ" বুলি কোৱাৰ পৰা সম্পূৰ্ণৰূপে মুক্ত কৰাৰ প্ৰতিশ্ৰুতি দিয়ে।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/6196069.stm|publisher=BBC|title=Mass purges at Iran universities|first=Frances|last=Harrison|date=20 December 2006 |author-link=Frances Harrison|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080407005558/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/6196069.stm|archive-date=2008-04-07|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2006/sep/06/highereducation.iran|work=The Guardian|title=Iranian president calls for purge of liberal lecturers|first=Robert|last=Tait|date=September 6, 2006|access-date=April 22, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080907083349/http://education.guardian.co.uk/higher/worldwide/story/0,,1865731,00.html|archive-date=September 7, 2008|url-status=live}}</ref> ২০০৬ চনৰ জানুৱাৰী মাহত প্ৰকাশিত ''দ্য ৱাশ্বিংটন প্ৰিজম''ত প্ৰকাশিত এক প্ৰতিবেদনত দাবী কৰা হৈছে যে আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় মুদ্ৰা নিধি (IMF)-এ ইৰাণক উন্নয়নশীল দেশসমূহৰ ভিতৰত "মগজুৰ নিষ্কাশন"ৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত শীৰ্ষ দেশ হিচাপে স্থান দিছে; তেওঁলোকৰ অনুমান অনুসৰি প্ৰায় ১ লাখ ৮০ হাজাৰ লোকে ইৰাণ এৰি গৈছে।<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.washingtonprism.org/showarticle.cfm?id=213 |title=Washington Prism |publisher=Washington Prism |access-date=2011-10-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080406030207/http://www.washingtonprism.org/showarticle.cfm?id=213 |archive-date=2008-04-06 |url-status=dead }}</ref> অৱশ্যে ইছলামিক ৰিপাব্লিক নিউজ এজেন্সীৰ এক প্ৰতিবেদনত এই সংখ্যা ২ লাখ বুলি কোৱা হৈছে। ইৰাণৰ সংস্কৃতি আৰু উচ্চ শিক্ষা মন্ত্ৰালয়ৰ মতে বৰ্তমান প্ৰায় ৫০,০০০ ইৰাণী ছাত্ৰ-ছাত্ৰীয়ে বিদেশত অধ্যয়ন কৰি আছে।<ref name="Iranian Embassy in Oslo">{{cite web|title=Education System in Iran|url=http://www.iran-embassy-oslo.no/embassy/educat.htm|publisher=Iranian Embassy in Oslo|access-date=7 May 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090609234100/http://www.iran-embassy-oslo.no/embassy/educat.htm|archive-date=9 June 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==ধাৰা ওলোটা কৰাৰ প্ৰচেষ্টা== In recent years, several measures have been taken to slow down the brain-drain by providing work and research facilities for academics and highly skilled workers. In February 2003, the [[Iran National Science Foundation]] was established to promote [[science and technology in Iran]] and benefit the welfare of those engaged in [[research and development]]. Another institution founded to deal with the welfare of Iranians working in the sciences and technology is the "Iran National Geniuses" foundation.<ref>{{Cite web |title=.: بنیاد ملی نخبگان |url=http://www.bonyad-nokhbegan.ir/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080423102932/http://www.bonyad-nokhbegan.ir/ |archive-date=2008-04-23 |access-date=2008-04-22}}</ref> Iran has tried to compensate for the brain-drain by introducing the Graduate Record Bill, which calls for the internalization and expansion of education at the graduate level, thus increasing the number of graduates.<ref>{{cite book |url=http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=12185&page=25 |title=Science and Technology and the Future Development of Societies: International Workshop Proceedings |publisher=Nap.edu |date=2007-02-11 |doi=10.17226/12185 |isbn=978-0-309-11927-6 |access-date=2011-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121016082426/http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=12185&page=25 |archive-date=2012-10-16 |url-status=live }}</ref> ==তথ্যৰ উৎস== {{reflist}} ==অধিক পঢ়ক== *{{cite journal|title=The brain drain from Iran to the United States|first=Akbar E|last=Torbat|journal=Middle East Journal|pages=272–295|date=Spring 2002|volume=56|issue=2}} *Migration Information: {{cite web|url=http://www.migrationinformation.org/Profiles/display.cfm?ID=424|title=Iran: A Vast Diaspora Abroad and Millions of Refugees at Home|work=migrationpolicy.org|access-date=2008-12-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140215052030/http://migrationinformation.org/Profiles/display.cfm?ID=424|archive-date=2014-02-15|url-status=live}} *UCSC Study: {{Cite web |url=http://users.soe.ucsc.edu/~daraei/files/BrainDrain.jpg |title=Baskin School of Engineering – Baskin Engineering provides unique educational opportunities, world-class research with an eye to social responsibility and diversity |access-date=2014-01-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140110001124/http://users.soe.ucsc.edu/~daraei/files/BrainDrain.jpg |archive-date=2014-01-10 |url-status=live }} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== *[https://web.archive.org/web/20100525045858/http://www.g15.org/workingpaper5.pdf International Migration, Remittances and the Brain Drain] in [[Group of 15]] Countries [[শ্ৰেণী:ইৰান]] 59zpobx0dbdt8rigdmjd0cx572yod98 605899 605898 2026-05-11T17:55:50Z নৰুনা বৰুৱা 44897 /* ধাৰা ওলোটা কৰাৰ প্ৰচেষ্টা */ 605899 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Emigration of highly educated people from Iran}} '''ইৰাণৰ পৰা মানৱ মূলধনৰ বহিঃপ্ৰবাহ''' ১৯৭৯ চনৰ ইছলামিক বিপ্লৱৰ পিছৰে পৰা ইৰাণৰ পৰা মানৱ পুঁজিৰ বহিঃপ্ৰবাহ এক উল্লেখযোগ্য পৰিঘটনা।<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mahmoudi |first=Hassan |date=2021-04-21 |title=Iran Loses Highly Educated and Skilled Citizens during Long-Running "Brain Drain" |url=https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/iran-brain-drain-emigration |access-date=2022-03-20 |website=migrationpolicy.org |language=en}}</ref> ১৯৯০ চনৰ আৰম্ভণিতে প্ৰতি বছৰে ১ লাখ ৫০ হাজাৰতকৈ অধিক ইৰাণীয়ে ইছলামিক গণৰাজ্য এৰি থৈ যায় <ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/1999/06/carringt.htm|title=IMF research economist Enrica Detragiache and U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics economist William J. Carrington in the IMF's quarterly magazine, ''Finance and Development'' (v. 36, n. 2 (July 1999)|access-date=2011-12-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090831103411/http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/1999/06/carringt.htm|archive-date=2009-08-31|url-status=live}}</ref> আৰু সেই সময়ত উচ্চতৰ মাধ্যমিক শিক্ষা গ্ৰহণ কৰা সকলো ইৰাণীৰ আনুমানিক ২৫ শতাংশই বিদেশত অ'ইচিডিৰ মানদণ্ডৰ উন্নত দেশত বাস কৰিছিল।<ref name="auto"/><ref name="RFERLclarif">{{cite web |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/1342682.html |title=Clarification On The 'Brain Drain.' |publisher=Rferl.org |date=2004-04-12 |access-date=2011-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110526124322/http://www.rferl.org/content/article/1342682.html |archive-date=2011-05-26 |url-status=live }}</ref> ২০০৯ চনৰ আই এম এফৰ প্ৰতিবেদনত কোৱা হৈছে যে ইৰাণ শৈক্ষিক অভিজাত শ্ৰেণী হেৰুৱাই পেলোৱা দেশসমূহৰ তালিকাৰ শীৰ্ষত আছে; ই ১৫০,০০০ৰ পৰা ১ লাখ ৮০,০০০ ভিতৰত বিশেষজ্ঞ হেৰুৱাইছিল। যিটো মোটামুটিভাৱে যথেষ্ট মূলধনী লোকচানৰ সমতুল্য।.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.payvand.com/news/12/may/1297.html|title=Iran Faced With Growing Brain Drain: Report|work=payvand.com|access-date=2012-06-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170425200026/http://www.payvand.com/news/12/may/1297.html|archive-date=2017-04-25|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="PRB">{{cite web |url=http://www.prb.org/Articles/2004/IranFacesPressuretoProvideJobsAddressHealthDisparities.aspx |title=Iran Faces Pressure to Provide Jobs, Address Health Disparities by Yvette Collymore |publisher=Prb.org |date=2004-09-07 |access-date=2011-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120920043819/http://www.prb.org/Articles/2004/IranFacesPressuretoProvideJobsAddressHealthDisparities.aspx |archive-date=2012-09-20 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Frances |last=Harrison |title=Huge cost of Iranian brain drain |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/6240287.stm |publisher=BBC News |date=2007-01-08 |access-date=2007-01-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070109193238/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/6240287.stm |archive-date=2007-01-09 |url-status=live }}</ref> ইয়াৰ উপৰিও ২০০৯ চনৰ ইৰাণৰ নিৰ্বাচনী প্ৰতিবাদৰ পিছত ৰাজনৈতিক দমনৰ ফলত ইৰাণৰ বুদ্ধিজীৱীসকলৰ গণ পলায়ন ঘটে, যাক "ক্ৰমবৰ্ধমান শৰণাৰ্থী পলায়ন" বুলি বৰ্ণনা কৰা হয়।<ref>"Iran's refugee exodus is exacerbating a brain drain that has stunted the country's development for years." [https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB126049484505086861?mod=rss_Today's_Most_Popular Thousands Flee Iran as Noose Tightens] DECEMBER 11, 2009</ref> ইয়াৰ উপৰিও আমেৰিকাৰ কেন্দ্ৰীয় চোৰাংচোৱা সংস্থাই (CIA) "ব্ৰেইনড্ৰেইন প্ৰজেক্ট" নামৰ এক গোপন অভিযান চলাই আছে বুলিও বাতৰি প্ৰকাশ পাইছে, যাৰ লক্ষ্য হৈছে ইৰাণৰ পাৰমাণৱিক বিশেষজ্ঞসকলক নিজৰ পক্ষলৈ আকৰ্ষণ কৰা, যাৰ ফলত ইৰাণৰ পাৰমাণৱিক কাৰ্যসূচী দুৰ্বল হৈ পৰিছে। <ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/11/world/middleeast/11assess.html?src=mv | work=The New York Times | title=Beyond Iran Sanctions, Plans B, C, D and | first=David E. | last=Sanger | date=June 10, 2010 | access-date=February 24, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160725104855/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/11/world/middleeast/11assess.html?src=mv | archive-date=July 25, 2016 | url-status=live }}</ref> ২০২৪ চনৰ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী মাহত ইৰাণ চৰকাৰে শিক্ষিত ব্যক্তিৰ প্ৰব্ৰজন ৰোধৰ বাবে প্ৰচেষ্টা আৰম্ভ কৰে, য’ত চোৰাংচোৱাগিৰি বৃদ্ধি আৰু মানুহৰ চলাচলত সম্ভাৱ্য বাধা আৰোপ কৰা হয়। <ref>{{cite web | last1=فردا | first1=رادیو | url=https://www.radiofarda.com/a/32827133.html | title=برخورد با دفاتر مهاجرتی برای جلوگیری از مهاجرت بیشتر نخبگان از ایران | work=رادیو فردا }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://ir.voanews.com/a/security-view-of-the-islamic-republic-on-the-migration-of-elites/7494624.html | title=همکاری بنیاد نخبگان و پلیس گذرنامه؛ مهاجرت هم امنیتی شد | date=20 February 2024 }}</ref> ==পটভূমি== ২০০৩ চনত ইৰাণৰ উন্নয়নৰ ওপৰত ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ 'সাধাৰণ দেশৰ মূল্যায়ন' অনুসৰি ১৯৯১ চনৰ পৰা ১৯৯৯ চনৰ ভিতৰত ইৰাণত চাকৰি সৃষ্টিৰ ফলত "শ্ৰম বজাৰত প্ৰৱেশ কৰা লোকসকলৰ ৬০ শতাংশতকৈও কম লোকে কৰ্মসংস্থাপন লাভ কৰিছিল"।<ref name="PRB"/> কেন্দ্ৰীয় চোৰাংচোৱা সংস্থাই অনুমান কৰিছে যে ১৫ বছৰ আৰু তাতকৈ অধিক বয়সৰ ৫ কোটি ১০ লাখ ইৰাণীৰ ভিতৰত ৭৭ শতাংশই পঢ়িব আৰু লিখিব পাৰে।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/iran/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110162554/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/iran |url-status=dead |archive-date=10 January 2021 |title=World Factbook, Iran |publisher=Cia.gov |access-date=2011-03-31 }}</ref> এই জনসংখ্যাৰ এটা বৃহৎ অংশ কলেজ পৰ্যায়ত আছে বা ইয়াৰ কাষ চাপিছে। ইৰাণত 'মগজুৰ নিষ্কাশন'ৰ কাৰণসমূহ হ'ল: "বিদেশত অৰ্থনৈতিক সমৃদ্ধি আৰু উন্নত শিক্ষাৰ সুযোগ। দেশখনে নিজৰ নাগৰিকৰ প্ৰয়োজনীয়তা পূৰণ কৰিব নোৱাৰাৰ লগতে নিবনুৱা সমস্যাৰ উচ্চ হাৰ আৰু বৌদ্ধিক আৰু সামাজিক সুৰক্ষাৰ সাধাৰণ অভাৱ। এই সকলোবোৰ কাৰকে মগজুৰ নিষ্কাশনত অৰিহণা যোগায়। ইয়াৰ উপৰিও ইৰানত থকা 'আত্ম-চেন্সৰশ্বিপ'ই মানুহক মুক্তভাৱে চিন্তা আৰু লিখাত বাধা দিয়ে।" ই এনে এক বাধা যিয়ে বৈজ্ঞানিক আৰু সমাজ বিজ্ঞান দুয়োটাতে গৱেষণাক অত্যন্ত কঠিন কৰি তোলে।"<ref name="Hakimzadeh">{{cite web |url=http://www.migrationinformation.org/Profiles/display.cfm?ID=424 |title=Iran: A Vast Diaspora Abroad and Millions of Refugees at Home By Shirin Hakimzadeh |publisher=Migrationinformation.org |access-date=2011-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140215052030/http://migrationinformation.org/Profiles/display.cfm?ID=424 |archive-date=2014-02-15 |url-status=live }}</ref> ইৰাণত বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ আসনৰ বাবে হোৱা তীব্ৰ প্ৰতিদ্বন্দ্বিতাও ইয়াত গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ ভূমিকা পালন কৰে। প্ৰতি বছৰে পৰীক্ষা দিয়া প্ৰায় ১৫ লাখ লোকৰ ভিতৰত মাত্ৰ ১১ শতাংশইহে বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ত নামভৰ্তি কৰে। স্নাতক ডিগ্ৰী লাভ কৰাৰ পিছতো যুৱক-যুৱতীসকলে দেখিবলৈ পায় যে উপলব্ধ চাকৰিৰ সংখ্যা অতি কম। চৰকাৰী পৰিসংখ্যা অনুসৰি প্ৰতি বছৰে শ্ৰম বজাৰত প্ৰৱেশ কৰা ২ লাখ ৭০ হাজাৰ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ স্নাতক ছাত্ৰৰ ভিতৰত মাত্ৰ প্ৰায় ৭৫ হাজাৰ লোকেহে চাকৰি পাবলৈ সক্ষম হয়। ‘মানৱ পুঁজি’ৰ এই পলায়নে প্ৰতি বছৰে চৰকাৰৰ ৩৮ বিলিয়ন ডলাৰতকৈ অধিক খৰচ কৰে তেল বিক্ৰীৰ পৰা পোৱা ৰাজহৰ দুগুণ। ‘পঞ্চবছৰীয়া উন্নয়ন পৰিকল্পনা’ৰ বিধানৰ অধীনত দেশে নিবনুৱা জনসাধাৰণৰ বাবে কৰ্মসংস্থাপনৰ সুযোগ সৃষ্টি কৰিবলৈ চেষ্টা কৰিছে; কিন্তু এই প্ৰচেষ্টাসমূহৰ ফল এতিয়াও সাফল্যমণ্ডিত হোৱা নাই। ফলত দেশখনে ইয়াৰ 'শিক্ষিত প্ৰবাসী সম্প্ৰদায়'ৰ পৰাও লাভৱান হ'ব নোৱাৰে বা দেশত উপস্থিত নিবনুৱা বিশেষজ্ঞৰ পুলৰ পৰাও লাভৱান হ'ব নোৱাৰে।"<ref name="Hakimzadeh"/> ==ইতিহাস== এটা সূত্ৰৰ মতে,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hakimzadeh |first=Shirin |date=2006-09-01 |title=Iran: A Vast Diaspora Abroad and Millions of Refugees at Home |url=https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/iran-vast-diaspora-abroad-and-millions-refugees-home |access-date=2023-01-04 |website=migrationpolicy.org |language=en}}</ref> ইৰাণৰ পৰা প্ৰব্ৰজন আৰম্ভ হৈছিল ইৰাণ-ইৰাক যুদ্ধৰ বাবে সৈনিক নিযুক্তিৰ পৰা। চৰকাৰক নতুন সৈনিকৰ প্ৰয়োজন আছিল আৰু সেই সৈন্যসকলৰ মাজত মৃত্যুৰ হাৰ অধিক হোৱাৰ বাবে নিযুক্তি পোৱা ইৰাণী পুৰুষসকলক আন দেশলৈ পলায়ন কৰিবলৈ বাধ্য কৰাইছিল। আন এটা সম্ভাৱ্য কাৰণ হ’ব পাৰে ১৯৭৯ চনৰ ইছলামিক বিপ্লৱৰ পিছত হোৱা ইৰাণৰ সাংস্কৃতিক বিপ্লৱ। ১৯৮০ চনৰ ১২ জুনত সাংস্কৃতিক বিপ্লৱে ইৰাণৰ উচ্চ শিক্ষা ব্যৱস্থাক বৃহৎ সংস্কাৰ কৰাৰ প্ৰয়াসত এবছৰতকৈও অধিক সময় বন্ধ কৰি দিছিল। তথাপিও শিক্ষিত ইৰাণীসকলে বিদেশলৈ প্ৰব্ৰজন কৰাৰ বিষয়টো ১৯৮০ চনৰ ৩১ অক্টোবৰতহে আলোচনা কৰা হৈছিল, যেতিয়া ইৰাণৰ বিপ্লৱী নেতা [[ৰুহেল্লা খোমেইনী]]য়ে ইয়াৰ গুৰুত্বক তুচ্ছজ্ঞান কৰিছিল: :''" মানুহে কয় "ব্ৰেইনৱাছিং"। এই পচি যোৱা মগজুবোৰ সাৰি যাওক। তেওঁলোকৰ বাবে শোক নকৰিবা; তেওঁলোকে জীৱনৰ নিজৰ সংজ্ঞা সৃষ্টি কৰক। প্ৰতিটো মগজু—যিটোক আপুনি "বিজ্ঞান" বুলি কয়—সন্মানৰ যোগ্য নেকি? পলাই যোৱাসকলৰ বাবে আমি বহি শোক কৰা উচিত নেকি? এই মগজুবোৰ আমেৰিকা আৰু ব্ৰিটেইনলৈ পলায়ন কৰাৰ বাবে আমি চিন্তা কৰা উচিত নেকি? এই মগজুবোৰ পলাওক, আৰু অধিক যোগ্য মগজুৱে ইয়াৰ ঠাই ল’ব। এতিয়া যেতিয়া তেওঁলোকে (ইছলামিক ৰিপাব্লিকে) পাৰ্জ চলাইছে, তেতিয়া আপুনি কিয় বিচলিত হৈছে, কিয় মানুহক হত্যা কৰিছে? আনকি এই বিপথে পৰিচালিত লোকসকলৰ পচি যোৱা মগজুৰ বিষয়েও কিয় আলোচনা কৰিছে? ইছলামক কিয় প্ৰশ্ন কৰিছে? পলায়ন কৰিছে নেকি? সিহঁতক যাবলৈ দিয়ক। সিহঁতক পলাবলৈ দিয়ক। তেওঁলোক বৈজ্ঞানিক মগজু নাছিল। সেইটোৱেই ভাল। চিন্তা নকৰিব। মাত্ৰ পলাব লাগে। [ইৰাণ] এতিয়া তেওঁলোকৰ বাসস্থান নহয়। এই বিপথে পৰিচালিত মগজুবোৰৰ আমাৰ কোনো কাম নাই। সিহঁতক পলাবলৈ দিয়ক। যদি আপুনি এই ঠাইখন আপোনাৰ থাকিবলৈ নহয় বুলি ভাবে, তেন্তে আপুনিও পলাই যোৱা উচিত। T "''<ref>Interview with [[Ettelaat]] newspaper, آیت الله روح الله خمینی در ملاقات با اعضای کمیته امداد روزنامه اطلاعات، 9 آبان ماه 1358 . Link: [http://www.iranpressnews.com/source/009122.htm See second paragraph] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20060509205414/http://www.iranpressnews.com/source/009122.htm |date=2006-05-09}} {{in lang|fa}}</ref> ইৰাণ–ইৰাক যুদ্ধৰ সময়তো এই ধাৰা অব্যাহত আছিল। ২০০৫ চনৰ নৱেম্বৰ মাহত ড° ফাৰাজী-ডানাৰ ঠাইত এজন ধৰ্মগুৰুৱে তেহৰাণ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ চ্যান্সেলৰৰ দায়িত্ব লয়। ইৰাণৰ ইতিহাসত প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে কোনো ডাঙৰ শিক্ষানুষ্ঠানৰ নেতৃত্বত পৰম্পৰাগত শিক্ষাবিদসকলৰ ওপৰত এজন ধৰ্মগুৰুক আধিপত্য বিস্তাৰ কৰা হৈছিল। তেওঁ অৱশ্যে কেইবাখনো গ্ৰন্থৰ ৰচনা কৰিছে আৰু ইছলামিক ন্যায়বিজ্ঞানৰ বিশেষজ্ঞ হিচাপে বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ আইন বিদ্যালয়তো অধ্যাপনা কৰিছে।<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/iran/story/2005/11/051125_mf_amid.shtml |title=نخستين رئيس روحانی برای دانشگاه تهران |publisher=BBC News |access-date=2011-10-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419062431/http://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/iran/story/2005/11/051125_mf_amid.shtml |archive-date=2012-04-19 |url-status=live }}</ref> এই দেশসমূহত একাডেমীৰ গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ পদবীত থকা ইৰাণৰ বিভাগীয় মুৰব্বী আৰু পৰিচালকৰ দীঘলীয়া তালিকাখন নিঃসন্দেহে এই বাস্তৱতাৰ এক শক্তিশালী সূচক। ইৰাণৰ পৰা অহা মগজুৰ নিষ্কাশন ঘৰুৱা আৰু আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় পৰ্যায়ত সংবাদ মাধ্যমত আলোচনাৰ এক উত্তপ্ত বিষয় হৈ পৰিছে।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.payvand.com/news/01/may/1010.html|title=220,000 academics leave Iran in one year, brain drain rising - Moin warns|work=Payvand|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080409015930/http://www.payvand.com/news/01/may/1010.html|archive-date=2008-04-09|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iranian.ws/cgi-bin/iran_news/exec/view.cgi/2/3811|title=iranian.ws -&nbsp;Iranian Resources and Information.|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304031249/http://www.iranian.ws/cgi-bin/iran_news/exec/view.cgi/2/3811|archive-date=2016-03-04|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iranian.com/Opinion/2002/August/Brain/|title=THE IRANIAN: Brain drain, Ahmad Anvari|publisher=iranian.com|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071117034236/http://www.iranian.com/Opinion/2002/August/Brain/|archive-date=2007-11-17|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iranian.com/Opinion/2002/October/Brain/|title=THE IRANIAN: Brain drain, Mohammad Ala|publisher=iranian.com|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071117034245/http://www.iranian.com/Opinion/2002/October/Brain/|archive-date=2007-11-17|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.scidev.net/News/index.cfm?fuseaction=readNews&itemid=1485&language=1|title=Science & technology for global development news & analysis|publisher=SciDev.Net|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071117163807/http://www.scidev.net/News/index.cfm?fuseaction=readNews&itemid=1485&language=1|archive-date=2007-11-17|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parapundit.com/archives/002003.html|title=ParaPundit: Iran Has Highest Rate Of Emigration Brain Drain|work=parapundit.com|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080808120419/http://www.parapundit.com/archives/002003.html|archive-date=2008-08-08|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/1051803.html|title=Iran: Coping With The World's Highest Rate Of Brain Drain|newspaper=RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080413221553/http://www.rferl.org/featuresarticle/2004/03/c655d456-07df-405a-8fe9-aad51173bd66.html|archive-date=2008-04-13|url-status=live |last1=Esfandiari |first1=Golnaz }}</ref> কিছুমানে পৰিস্থিতিৰ বাবে সীমিত নিয়োগৰ সুযোগ বা দুৰ্বল শ্ৰম বজাৰ (যিটো বহুতে পশ্চিমীয়া অৰ্থনৈতিক নিষেধাজ্ঞাৰ বাবে দোষাৰোপ কৰে); আন কিছুমানে দেশৰ ক্ৰমান্বয়ে বাধাপ্ৰাপ্ত আৰু স্তব্ধ হৈ পৰা সামাজিক ব্যৱস্থাক দোষাৰোপ কৰে। এই পৰিস্থিতিৰ চিন হিচাপে ২০০৬ চনত তেতিয়াৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰপতি মাহমুদ আহমদিনেজাদে দেশৰ সকলো বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়কে তেওঁ "উদাৰ আৰু ধৰ্মনিৰপেক্ষ প্ৰভাৱ" বুলি কোৱাৰ পৰা সম্পূৰ্ণৰূপে মুক্ত কৰাৰ প্ৰতিশ্ৰুতি দিয়ে।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/6196069.stm|publisher=BBC|title=Mass purges at Iran universities|first=Frances|last=Harrison|date=20 December 2006 |author-link=Frances Harrison|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080407005558/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/6196069.stm|archive-date=2008-04-07|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2006/sep/06/highereducation.iran|work=The Guardian|title=Iranian president calls for purge of liberal lecturers|first=Robert|last=Tait|date=September 6, 2006|access-date=April 22, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080907083349/http://education.guardian.co.uk/higher/worldwide/story/0,,1865731,00.html|archive-date=September 7, 2008|url-status=live}}</ref> ২০০৬ চনৰ জানুৱাৰী মাহত প্ৰকাশিত ''দ্য ৱাশ্বিংটন প্ৰিজম''ত প্ৰকাশিত এক প্ৰতিবেদনত দাবী কৰা হৈছে যে আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় মুদ্ৰা নিধি (IMF)-এ ইৰাণক উন্নয়নশীল দেশসমূহৰ ভিতৰত "মগজুৰ নিষ্কাশন"ৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত শীৰ্ষ দেশ হিচাপে স্থান দিছে; তেওঁলোকৰ অনুমান অনুসৰি প্ৰায় ১ লাখ ৮০ হাজাৰ লোকে ইৰাণ এৰি গৈছে।<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.washingtonprism.org/showarticle.cfm?id=213 |title=Washington Prism |publisher=Washington Prism |access-date=2011-10-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080406030207/http://www.washingtonprism.org/showarticle.cfm?id=213 |archive-date=2008-04-06 |url-status=dead }}</ref> অৱশ্যে ইছলামিক ৰিপাব্লিক নিউজ এজেন্সীৰ এক প্ৰতিবেদনত এই সংখ্যা ২ লাখ বুলি কোৱা হৈছে। ইৰাণৰ সংস্কৃতি আৰু উচ্চ শিক্ষা মন্ত্ৰালয়ৰ মতে বৰ্তমান প্ৰায় ৫০,০০০ ইৰাণী ছাত্ৰ-ছাত্ৰীয়ে বিদেশত অধ্যয়ন কৰি আছে।<ref name="Iranian Embassy in Oslo">{{cite web|title=Education System in Iran|url=http://www.iran-embassy-oslo.no/embassy/educat.htm|publisher=Iranian Embassy in Oslo|access-date=7 May 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090609234100/http://www.iran-embassy-oslo.no/embassy/educat.htm|archive-date=9 June 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==ধাৰা ওলোটাই অনাৰ প্ৰচেষ্টা== In recent years, several measures have been taken to slow down the brain-drain by providing work and research facilities for academics and highly skilled workers. In February 2003, the [[Iran National Science Foundation]] was established to promote [[science and technology in Iran]] and benefit the welfare of those engaged in [[research and development]]. Another institution founded to deal with the welfare of Iranians working in the sciences and technology is the "Iran National Geniuses" foundation.<ref>{{Cite web |title=.: بنیاد ملی نخبگان |url=http://www.bonyad-nokhbegan.ir/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080423102932/http://www.bonyad-nokhbegan.ir/ |archive-date=2008-04-23 |access-date=2008-04-22}}</ref> Iran has tried to compensate for the brain-drain by introducing the Graduate Record Bill, which calls for the internalization and expansion of education at the graduate level, thus increasing the number of graduates.<ref>{{cite book |url=http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=12185&page=25 |title=Science and Technology and the Future Development of Societies: International Workshop Proceedings |publisher=Nap.edu |date=2007-02-11 |doi=10.17226/12185 |isbn=978-0-309-11927-6 |access-date=2011-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121016082426/http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=12185&page=25 |archive-date=2012-10-16 |url-status=live }}</ref> ==তথ্যৰ উৎস== {{reflist}} ==অধিক পঢ়ক== *{{cite journal|title=The brain drain from Iran to the United States|first=Akbar E|last=Torbat|journal=Middle East Journal|pages=272–295|date=Spring 2002|volume=56|issue=2}} *Migration Information: {{cite web|url=http://www.migrationinformation.org/Profiles/display.cfm?ID=424|title=Iran: A Vast Diaspora Abroad and Millions of Refugees at Home|work=migrationpolicy.org|access-date=2008-12-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140215052030/http://migrationinformation.org/Profiles/display.cfm?ID=424|archive-date=2014-02-15|url-status=live}} *UCSC Study: {{Cite web |url=http://users.soe.ucsc.edu/~daraei/files/BrainDrain.jpg |title=Baskin School of Engineering – Baskin Engineering provides unique educational opportunities, world-class research with an eye to social responsibility and diversity |access-date=2014-01-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140110001124/http://users.soe.ucsc.edu/~daraei/files/BrainDrain.jpg |archive-date=2014-01-10 |url-status=live }} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== *[https://web.archive.org/web/20100525045858/http://www.g15.org/workingpaper5.pdf International Migration, Remittances and the Brain Drain] in [[Group of 15]] Countries [[শ্ৰেণী:ইৰান]] jbpuvkezuymqyn3sh1jjwhnvfzhw3vj 605901 605899 2026-05-11T18:01:27Z নৰুনা বৰুৱা 44897 /* ধাৰা ওলোটাই অনাৰ প্ৰচেষ্টা */ 605901 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Emigration of highly educated people from Iran}} '''ইৰাণৰ পৰা মানৱ মূলধনৰ বহিঃপ্ৰবাহ''' ১৯৭৯ চনৰ ইছলামিক বিপ্লৱৰ পিছৰে পৰা ইৰাণৰ পৰা মানৱ পুঁজিৰ বহিঃপ্ৰবাহ এক উল্লেখযোগ্য পৰিঘটনা।<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mahmoudi |first=Hassan |date=2021-04-21 |title=Iran Loses Highly Educated and Skilled Citizens during Long-Running "Brain Drain" |url=https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/iran-brain-drain-emigration |access-date=2022-03-20 |website=migrationpolicy.org |language=en}}</ref> ১৯৯০ চনৰ আৰম্ভণিতে প্ৰতি বছৰে ১ লাখ ৫০ হাজাৰতকৈ অধিক ইৰাণীয়ে ইছলামিক গণৰাজ্য এৰি থৈ যায় <ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/1999/06/carringt.htm|title=IMF research economist Enrica Detragiache and U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics economist William J. Carrington in the IMF's quarterly magazine, ''Finance and Development'' (v. 36, n. 2 (July 1999)|access-date=2011-12-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090831103411/http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/1999/06/carringt.htm|archive-date=2009-08-31|url-status=live}}</ref> আৰু সেই সময়ত উচ্চতৰ মাধ্যমিক শিক্ষা গ্ৰহণ কৰা সকলো ইৰাণীৰ আনুমানিক ২৫ শতাংশই বিদেশত অ'ইচিডিৰ মানদণ্ডৰ উন্নত দেশত বাস কৰিছিল।<ref name="auto"/><ref name="RFERLclarif">{{cite web |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/1342682.html |title=Clarification On The 'Brain Drain.' |publisher=Rferl.org |date=2004-04-12 |access-date=2011-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110526124322/http://www.rferl.org/content/article/1342682.html |archive-date=2011-05-26 |url-status=live }}</ref> ২০০৯ চনৰ আই এম এফৰ প্ৰতিবেদনত কোৱা হৈছে যে ইৰাণ শৈক্ষিক অভিজাত শ্ৰেণী হেৰুৱাই পেলোৱা দেশসমূহৰ তালিকাৰ শীৰ্ষত আছে; ই ১৫০,০০০ৰ পৰা ১ লাখ ৮০,০০০ ভিতৰত বিশেষজ্ঞ হেৰুৱাইছিল। যিটো মোটামুটিভাৱে যথেষ্ট মূলধনী লোকচানৰ সমতুল্য।.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.payvand.com/news/12/may/1297.html|title=Iran Faced With Growing Brain Drain: Report|work=payvand.com|access-date=2012-06-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170425200026/http://www.payvand.com/news/12/may/1297.html|archive-date=2017-04-25|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="PRB">{{cite web |url=http://www.prb.org/Articles/2004/IranFacesPressuretoProvideJobsAddressHealthDisparities.aspx |title=Iran Faces Pressure to Provide Jobs, Address Health Disparities by Yvette Collymore |publisher=Prb.org |date=2004-09-07 |access-date=2011-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120920043819/http://www.prb.org/Articles/2004/IranFacesPressuretoProvideJobsAddressHealthDisparities.aspx |archive-date=2012-09-20 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Frances |last=Harrison |title=Huge cost of Iranian brain drain |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/6240287.stm |publisher=BBC News |date=2007-01-08 |access-date=2007-01-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070109193238/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/6240287.stm |archive-date=2007-01-09 |url-status=live }}</ref> ইয়াৰ উপৰিও ২০০৯ চনৰ ইৰাণৰ নিৰ্বাচনী প্ৰতিবাদৰ পিছত ৰাজনৈতিক দমনৰ ফলত ইৰাণৰ বুদ্ধিজীৱীসকলৰ গণ পলায়ন ঘটে, যাক "ক্ৰমবৰ্ধমান শৰণাৰ্থী পলায়ন" বুলি বৰ্ণনা কৰা হয়।<ref>"Iran's refugee exodus is exacerbating a brain drain that has stunted the country's development for years." [https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB126049484505086861?mod=rss_Today's_Most_Popular Thousands Flee Iran as Noose Tightens] DECEMBER 11, 2009</ref> ইয়াৰ উপৰিও আমেৰিকাৰ কেন্দ্ৰীয় চোৰাংচোৱা সংস্থাই (CIA) "ব্ৰেইনড্ৰেইন প্ৰজেক্ট" নামৰ এক গোপন অভিযান চলাই আছে বুলিও বাতৰি প্ৰকাশ পাইছে, যাৰ লক্ষ্য হৈছে ইৰাণৰ পাৰমাণৱিক বিশেষজ্ঞসকলক নিজৰ পক্ষলৈ আকৰ্ষণ কৰা, যাৰ ফলত ইৰাণৰ পাৰমাণৱিক কাৰ্যসূচী দুৰ্বল হৈ পৰিছে। <ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/11/world/middleeast/11assess.html?src=mv | work=The New York Times | title=Beyond Iran Sanctions, Plans B, C, D and | first=David E. | last=Sanger | date=June 10, 2010 | access-date=February 24, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160725104855/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/11/world/middleeast/11assess.html?src=mv | archive-date=July 25, 2016 | url-status=live }}</ref> ২০২৪ চনৰ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী মাহত ইৰাণ চৰকাৰে শিক্ষিত ব্যক্তিৰ প্ৰব্ৰজন ৰোধৰ বাবে প্ৰচেষ্টা আৰম্ভ কৰে, য’ত চোৰাংচোৱাগিৰি বৃদ্ধি আৰু মানুহৰ চলাচলত সম্ভাৱ্য বাধা আৰোপ কৰা হয়। <ref>{{cite web | last1=فردا | first1=رادیو | url=https://www.radiofarda.com/a/32827133.html | title=برخورد با دفاتر مهاجرتی برای جلوگیری از مهاجرت بیشتر نخبگان از ایران | work=رادیو فردا }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://ir.voanews.com/a/security-view-of-the-islamic-republic-on-the-migration-of-elites/7494624.html | title=همکاری بنیاد نخبگان و پلیس گذرنامه؛ مهاجرت هم امنیتی شد | date=20 February 2024 }}</ref> ==পটভূমি== ২০০৩ চনত ইৰাণৰ উন্নয়নৰ ওপৰত ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ 'সাধাৰণ দেশৰ মূল্যায়ন' অনুসৰি ১৯৯১ চনৰ পৰা ১৯৯৯ চনৰ ভিতৰত ইৰাণত চাকৰি সৃষ্টিৰ ফলত "শ্ৰম বজাৰত প্ৰৱেশ কৰা লোকসকলৰ ৬০ শতাংশতকৈও কম লোকে কৰ্মসংস্থাপন লাভ কৰিছিল"।<ref name="PRB"/> কেন্দ্ৰীয় চোৰাংচোৱা সংস্থাই অনুমান কৰিছে যে ১৫ বছৰ আৰু তাতকৈ অধিক বয়সৰ ৫ কোটি ১০ লাখ ইৰাণীৰ ভিতৰত ৭৭ শতাংশই পঢ়িব আৰু লিখিব পাৰে।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/iran/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110162554/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/iran |url-status=dead |archive-date=10 January 2021 |title=World Factbook, Iran |publisher=Cia.gov |access-date=2011-03-31 }}</ref> এই জনসংখ্যাৰ এটা বৃহৎ অংশ কলেজ পৰ্যায়ত আছে বা ইয়াৰ কাষ চাপিছে। ইৰাণত 'মগজুৰ নিষ্কাশন'ৰ কাৰণসমূহ হ'ল: "বিদেশত অৰ্থনৈতিক সমৃদ্ধি আৰু উন্নত শিক্ষাৰ সুযোগ। দেশখনে নিজৰ নাগৰিকৰ প্ৰয়োজনীয়তা পূৰণ কৰিব নোৱাৰাৰ লগতে নিবনুৱা সমস্যাৰ উচ্চ হাৰ আৰু বৌদ্ধিক আৰু সামাজিক সুৰক্ষাৰ সাধাৰণ অভাৱ। এই সকলোবোৰ কাৰকে মগজুৰ নিষ্কাশনত অৰিহণা যোগায়। ইয়াৰ উপৰিও ইৰানত থকা 'আত্ম-চেন্সৰশ্বিপ'ই মানুহক মুক্তভাৱে চিন্তা আৰু লিখাত বাধা দিয়ে।" ই এনে এক বাধা যিয়ে বৈজ্ঞানিক আৰু সমাজ বিজ্ঞান দুয়োটাতে গৱেষণাক অত্যন্ত কঠিন কৰি তোলে।"<ref name="Hakimzadeh">{{cite web |url=http://www.migrationinformation.org/Profiles/display.cfm?ID=424 |title=Iran: A Vast Diaspora Abroad and Millions of Refugees at Home By Shirin Hakimzadeh |publisher=Migrationinformation.org |access-date=2011-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140215052030/http://migrationinformation.org/Profiles/display.cfm?ID=424 |archive-date=2014-02-15 |url-status=live }}</ref> ইৰাণত বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ আসনৰ বাবে হোৱা তীব্ৰ প্ৰতিদ্বন্দ্বিতাও ইয়াত গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ ভূমিকা পালন কৰে। প্ৰতি বছৰে পৰীক্ষা দিয়া প্ৰায় ১৫ লাখ লোকৰ ভিতৰত মাত্ৰ ১১ শতাংশইহে বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ত নামভৰ্তি কৰে। স্নাতক ডিগ্ৰী লাভ কৰাৰ পিছতো যুৱক-যুৱতীসকলে দেখিবলৈ পায় যে উপলব্ধ চাকৰিৰ সংখ্যা অতি কম। চৰকাৰী পৰিসংখ্যা অনুসৰি প্ৰতি বছৰে শ্ৰম বজাৰত প্ৰৱেশ কৰা ২ লাখ ৭০ হাজাৰ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ স্নাতক ছাত্ৰৰ ভিতৰত মাত্ৰ প্ৰায় ৭৫ হাজাৰ লোকেহে চাকৰি পাবলৈ সক্ষম হয়। ‘মানৱ পুঁজি’ৰ এই পলায়নে প্ৰতি বছৰে চৰকাৰৰ ৩৮ বিলিয়ন ডলাৰতকৈ অধিক খৰচ কৰে তেল বিক্ৰীৰ পৰা পোৱা ৰাজহৰ দুগুণ। ‘পঞ্চবছৰীয়া উন্নয়ন পৰিকল্পনা’ৰ বিধানৰ অধীনত দেশে নিবনুৱা জনসাধাৰণৰ বাবে কৰ্মসংস্থাপনৰ সুযোগ সৃষ্টি কৰিবলৈ চেষ্টা কৰিছে; কিন্তু এই প্ৰচেষ্টাসমূহৰ ফল এতিয়াও সাফল্যমণ্ডিত হোৱা নাই। ফলত দেশখনে ইয়াৰ 'শিক্ষিত প্ৰবাসী সম্প্ৰদায়'ৰ পৰাও লাভৱান হ'ব নোৱাৰে বা দেশত উপস্থিত নিবনুৱা বিশেষজ্ঞৰ পুলৰ পৰাও লাভৱান হ'ব নোৱাৰে।"<ref name="Hakimzadeh"/> ==ইতিহাস== এটা সূত্ৰৰ মতে,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hakimzadeh |first=Shirin |date=2006-09-01 |title=Iran: A Vast Diaspora Abroad and Millions of Refugees at Home |url=https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/iran-vast-diaspora-abroad-and-millions-refugees-home |access-date=2023-01-04 |website=migrationpolicy.org |language=en}}</ref> ইৰাণৰ পৰা প্ৰব্ৰজন আৰম্ভ হৈছিল ইৰাণ-ইৰাক যুদ্ধৰ বাবে সৈনিক নিযুক্তিৰ পৰা। চৰকাৰক নতুন সৈনিকৰ প্ৰয়োজন আছিল আৰু সেই সৈন্যসকলৰ মাজত মৃত্যুৰ হাৰ অধিক হোৱাৰ বাবে নিযুক্তি পোৱা ইৰাণী পুৰুষসকলক আন দেশলৈ পলায়ন কৰিবলৈ বাধ্য কৰাইছিল। আন এটা সম্ভাৱ্য কাৰণ হ’ব পাৰে ১৯৭৯ চনৰ ইছলামিক বিপ্লৱৰ পিছত হোৱা ইৰাণৰ সাংস্কৃতিক বিপ্লৱ। ১৯৮০ চনৰ ১২ জুনত সাংস্কৃতিক বিপ্লৱে ইৰাণৰ উচ্চ শিক্ষা ব্যৱস্থাক বৃহৎ সংস্কাৰ কৰাৰ প্ৰয়াসত এবছৰতকৈও অধিক সময় বন্ধ কৰি দিছিল। তথাপিও শিক্ষিত ইৰাণীসকলে বিদেশলৈ প্ৰব্ৰজন কৰাৰ বিষয়টো ১৯৮০ চনৰ ৩১ অক্টোবৰতহে আলোচনা কৰা হৈছিল, যেতিয়া ইৰাণৰ বিপ্লৱী নেতা [[ৰুহেল্লা খোমেইনী]]য়ে ইয়াৰ গুৰুত্বক তুচ্ছজ্ঞান কৰিছিল: :''" মানুহে কয় "ব্ৰেইনৱাছিং"। এই পচি যোৱা মগজুবোৰ সাৰি যাওক। তেওঁলোকৰ বাবে শোক নকৰিবা; তেওঁলোকে জীৱনৰ নিজৰ সংজ্ঞা সৃষ্টি কৰক। প্ৰতিটো মগজু—যিটোক আপুনি "বিজ্ঞান" বুলি কয়—সন্মানৰ যোগ্য নেকি? পলাই যোৱাসকলৰ বাবে আমি বহি শোক কৰা উচিত নেকি? এই মগজুবোৰ আমেৰিকা আৰু ব্ৰিটেইনলৈ পলায়ন কৰাৰ বাবে আমি চিন্তা কৰা উচিত নেকি? এই মগজুবোৰ পলাওক, আৰু অধিক যোগ্য মগজুৱে ইয়াৰ ঠাই ল’ব। এতিয়া যেতিয়া তেওঁলোকে (ইছলামিক ৰিপাব্লিকে) পাৰ্জ চলাইছে, তেতিয়া আপুনি কিয় বিচলিত হৈছে, কিয় মানুহক হত্যা কৰিছে? আনকি এই বিপথে পৰিচালিত লোকসকলৰ পচি যোৱা মগজুৰ বিষয়েও কিয় আলোচনা কৰিছে? ইছলামক কিয় প্ৰশ্ন কৰিছে? পলায়ন কৰিছে নেকি? সিহঁতক যাবলৈ দিয়ক। সিহঁতক পলাবলৈ দিয়ক। তেওঁলোক বৈজ্ঞানিক মগজু নাছিল। সেইটোৱেই ভাল। চিন্তা নকৰিব। মাত্ৰ পলাব লাগে। [ইৰাণ] এতিয়া তেওঁলোকৰ বাসস্থান নহয়। এই বিপথে পৰিচালিত মগজুবোৰৰ আমাৰ কোনো কাম নাই। সিহঁতক পলাবলৈ দিয়ক। যদি আপুনি এই ঠাইখন আপোনাৰ থাকিবলৈ নহয় বুলি ভাবে, তেন্তে আপুনিও পলাই যোৱা উচিত। T "''<ref>Interview with [[Ettelaat]] newspaper, آیت الله روح الله خمینی در ملاقات با اعضای کمیته امداد روزنامه اطلاعات، 9 آبان ماه 1358 . Link: [http://www.iranpressnews.com/source/009122.htm See second paragraph] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20060509205414/http://www.iranpressnews.com/source/009122.htm |date=2006-05-09}} {{in lang|fa}}</ref> ইৰাণ–ইৰাক যুদ্ধৰ সময়তো এই ধাৰা অব্যাহত আছিল। ২০০৫ চনৰ নৱেম্বৰ মাহত ড° ফাৰাজী-ডানাৰ ঠাইত এজন ধৰ্মগুৰুৱে তেহৰাণ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ চ্যান্সেলৰৰ দায়িত্ব লয়। ইৰাণৰ ইতিহাসত প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে কোনো ডাঙৰ শিক্ষানুষ্ঠানৰ নেতৃত্বত পৰম্পৰাগত শিক্ষাবিদসকলৰ ওপৰত এজন ধৰ্মগুৰুক আধিপত্য বিস্তাৰ কৰা হৈছিল। তেওঁ অৱশ্যে কেইবাখনো গ্ৰন্থৰ ৰচনা কৰিছে আৰু ইছলামিক ন্যায়বিজ্ঞানৰ বিশেষজ্ঞ হিচাপে বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ আইন বিদ্যালয়তো অধ্যাপনা কৰিছে।<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/iran/story/2005/11/051125_mf_amid.shtml |title=نخستين رئيس روحانی برای دانشگاه تهران |publisher=BBC News |access-date=2011-10-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419062431/http://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/iran/story/2005/11/051125_mf_amid.shtml |archive-date=2012-04-19 |url-status=live }}</ref> এই দেশসমূহত একাডেমীৰ গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ পদবীত থকা ইৰাণৰ বিভাগীয় মুৰব্বী আৰু পৰিচালকৰ দীঘলীয়া তালিকাখন নিঃসন্দেহে এই বাস্তৱতাৰ এক শক্তিশালী সূচক। ইৰাণৰ পৰা অহা মগজুৰ নিষ্কাশন ঘৰুৱা আৰু আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় পৰ্যায়ত সংবাদ মাধ্যমত আলোচনাৰ এক উত্তপ্ত বিষয় হৈ পৰিছে।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.payvand.com/news/01/may/1010.html|title=220,000 academics leave Iran in one year, brain drain rising - Moin warns|work=Payvand|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080409015930/http://www.payvand.com/news/01/may/1010.html|archive-date=2008-04-09|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iranian.ws/cgi-bin/iran_news/exec/view.cgi/2/3811|title=iranian.ws -&nbsp;Iranian Resources and Information.|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304031249/http://www.iranian.ws/cgi-bin/iran_news/exec/view.cgi/2/3811|archive-date=2016-03-04|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iranian.com/Opinion/2002/August/Brain/|title=THE IRANIAN: Brain drain, Ahmad Anvari|publisher=iranian.com|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071117034236/http://www.iranian.com/Opinion/2002/August/Brain/|archive-date=2007-11-17|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iranian.com/Opinion/2002/October/Brain/|title=THE IRANIAN: Brain drain, Mohammad Ala|publisher=iranian.com|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071117034245/http://www.iranian.com/Opinion/2002/October/Brain/|archive-date=2007-11-17|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.scidev.net/News/index.cfm?fuseaction=readNews&itemid=1485&language=1|title=Science & technology for global development news & analysis|publisher=SciDev.Net|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071117163807/http://www.scidev.net/News/index.cfm?fuseaction=readNews&itemid=1485&language=1|archive-date=2007-11-17|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parapundit.com/archives/002003.html|title=ParaPundit: Iran Has Highest Rate Of Emigration Brain Drain|work=parapundit.com|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080808120419/http://www.parapundit.com/archives/002003.html|archive-date=2008-08-08|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/1051803.html|title=Iran: Coping With The World's Highest Rate Of Brain Drain|newspaper=RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080413221553/http://www.rferl.org/featuresarticle/2004/03/c655d456-07df-405a-8fe9-aad51173bd66.html|archive-date=2008-04-13|url-status=live |last1=Esfandiari |first1=Golnaz }}</ref> কিছুমানে পৰিস্থিতিৰ বাবে সীমিত নিয়োগৰ সুযোগ বা দুৰ্বল শ্ৰম বজাৰ (যিটো বহুতে পশ্চিমীয়া অৰ্থনৈতিক নিষেধাজ্ঞাৰ বাবে দোষাৰোপ কৰে); আন কিছুমানে দেশৰ ক্ৰমান্বয়ে বাধাপ্ৰাপ্ত আৰু স্তব্ধ হৈ পৰা সামাজিক ব্যৱস্থাক দোষাৰোপ কৰে। এই পৰিস্থিতিৰ চিন হিচাপে ২০০৬ চনত তেতিয়াৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰপতি মাহমুদ আহমদিনেজাদে দেশৰ সকলো বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়কে তেওঁ "উদাৰ আৰু ধৰ্মনিৰপেক্ষ প্ৰভাৱ" বুলি কোৱাৰ পৰা সম্পূৰ্ণৰূপে মুক্ত কৰাৰ প্ৰতিশ্ৰুতি দিয়ে।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/6196069.stm|publisher=BBC|title=Mass purges at Iran universities|first=Frances|last=Harrison|date=20 December 2006 |author-link=Frances Harrison|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080407005558/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/6196069.stm|archive-date=2008-04-07|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2006/sep/06/highereducation.iran|work=The Guardian|title=Iranian president calls for purge of liberal lecturers|first=Robert|last=Tait|date=September 6, 2006|access-date=April 22, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080907083349/http://education.guardian.co.uk/higher/worldwide/story/0,,1865731,00.html|archive-date=September 7, 2008|url-status=live}}</ref> ২০০৬ চনৰ জানুৱাৰী মাহত প্ৰকাশিত ''দ্য ৱাশ্বিংটন প্ৰিজম''ত প্ৰকাশিত এক প্ৰতিবেদনত দাবী কৰা হৈছে যে আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় মুদ্ৰা নিধি (IMF)-এ ইৰাণক উন্নয়নশীল দেশসমূহৰ ভিতৰত "মগজুৰ নিষ্কাশন"ৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত শীৰ্ষ দেশ হিচাপে স্থান দিছে; তেওঁলোকৰ অনুমান অনুসৰি প্ৰায় ১ লাখ ৮০ হাজাৰ লোকে ইৰাণ এৰি গৈছে।<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.washingtonprism.org/showarticle.cfm?id=213 |title=Washington Prism |publisher=Washington Prism |access-date=2011-10-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080406030207/http://www.washingtonprism.org/showarticle.cfm?id=213 |archive-date=2008-04-06 |url-status=dead }}</ref> অৱশ্যে ইছলামিক ৰিপাব্লিক নিউজ এজেন্সীৰ এক প্ৰতিবেদনত এই সংখ্যা ২ লাখ বুলি কোৱা হৈছে। ইৰাণৰ সংস্কৃতি আৰু উচ্চ শিক্ষা মন্ত্ৰালয়ৰ মতে বৰ্তমান প্ৰায় ৫০,০০০ ইৰাণী ছাত্ৰ-ছাত্ৰীয়ে বিদেশত অধ্যয়ন কৰি আছে।<ref name="Iranian Embassy in Oslo">{{cite web|title=Education System in Iran|url=http://www.iran-embassy-oslo.no/embassy/educat.htm|publisher=Iranian Embassy in Oslo|access-date=7 May 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090609234100/http://www.iran-embassy-oslo.no/embassy/educat.htm|archive-date=9 June 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==ধাৰা ওলোটাই অনাৰ প্ৰচেষ্টা== শেহতীয়া বছৰবোৰত শিক্ষাবিদ আৰু উচ্চ দক্ষতাসম্পন্ন শ্ৰমিকসকলক কৰ্মসংস্থাপন আৰু গৱেষণাৰ সুযোগ প্ৰদান কৰি মগজু নিষ্কাশণ তথা মানৱ সম্পদৰ বহিঃপ্ৰবাহৰ ৰোধৰ বাবে কেইবাটাও পদক্ষেপ গ্ৰহণ কৰা হৈছে। ২০০৩ চনৰ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী মাহত ইৰাণত বিজ্ঞান আৰু প্ৰযুক্তিবিদ্যাৰ প্ৰসাৰৰ বাবে আৰু গৱেষণা আৰু উন্নয়নত নিয়োজিত লোকসকলক উপকৃত কৰিবলৈ ইৰাণৰ নেচনেল ছায়েন্স ফাউণ্ডেশ্যন স্থাপন কৰা হয়। বিজ্ঞান আৰু প্ৰযুক্তিবিদ্যাত কাম কৰা ইৰাণীসকলৰ সুবিধাৰ্থে স্থাপন কৰা আন এটা প্ৰতিষ্ঠান হৈছে ইৰাণৰ নেচনেল জিনিয়াছ ফাউণ্ডেশ্যন।<ref>{{Cite web |title=.: بنیاد ملی نخبگان |url=http://www.bonyad-nokhbegan.ir/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080423102932/http://www.bonyad-nokhbegan.ir/ |archive-date=2008-04-23 |access-date=2008-04-22}}</ref> ইৰাণে স্নাতক অভিলেখ বিধেয়ক উত্থাপন কৰি মগজু নিষ্কাশণ তথা বহিঃপ্ৰবাহ ৰোধ কৰাৰ চেষ্টা কৰিছে; এই বিধেয়কখনে স্নাতক পৰ্যায়ত শিক্ষাৰ আন্তৰ্জাতিককৰণ আৰু সম্প্ৰসাৰণৰ আহ্বান জনাইছে, যাৰ ফলত স্নাতকসকলৰ সংখ্যা বৃদ্ধি পাব। <ref>{{cite book |url=http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=12185&page=25 |title=Science and Technology and the Future Development of Societies: International Workshop Proceedings |publisher=Nap.edu |date=2007-02-11 |doi=10.17226/12185 |isbn=978-0-309-11927-6 |access-date=2011-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121016082426/http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=12185&page=25 |archive-date=2012-10-16 |url-status=live }}</ref> ==তথ্যৰ উৎস== {{reflist}} ==অধিক পঢ়ক== *{{cite journal|title=The brain drain from Iran to the United States|first=Akbar E|last=Torbat|journal=Middle East Journal|pages=272–295|date=Spring 2002|volume=56|issue=2}} *Migration Information: {{cite web|url=http://www.migrationinformation.org/Profiles/display.cfm?ID=424|title=Iran: A Vast Diaspora Abroad and Millions of Refugees at Home|work=migrationpolicy.org|access-date=2008-12-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140215052030/http://migrationinformation.org/Profiles/display.cfm?ID=424|archive-date=2014-02-15|url-status=live}} *UCSC Study: {{Cite web |url=http://users.soe.ucsc.edu/~daraei/files/BrainDrain.jpg |title=Baskin School of Engineering – Baskin Engineering provides unique educational opportunities, world-class research with an eye to social responsibility and diversity |access-date=2014-01-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140110001124/http://users.soe.ucsc.edu/~daraei/files/BrainDrain.jpg |archive-date=2014-01-10 |url-status=live }} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== *[https://web.archive.org/web/20100525045858/http://www.g15.org/workingpaper5.pdf International Migration, Remittances and the Brain Drain] in [[Group of 15]] Countries [[শ্ৰেণী:ইৰান]] sa293gm2y50werngz58j3e8ciy2dg5a 605902 605901 2026-05-11T18:02:02Z নৰুনা বৰুৱা 44897 [[ৱিকিপিডিয়া:লাচিত বৰ্ণাশুদ্ধি নিবাৰক|লাচিত বৰ্ণাশুদ্ধি নিবাৰকৰ]] সহায়ত বৰ্ণাশুদ্ধি নিবাৰণ কৰা হ’ল। 605902 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Emigration of highly educated people from Iran}} '''ইৰাণৰপৰা মানৱ মূলধনৰ বহিঃপ্ৰৱাহ''' ১৯৭৯ চনৰ ইছলামিক বিপ্লৱৰ পিছৰেপৰা ইৰাণৰপৰা মানৱ পুঁজিৰ বহিঃপ্ৰৱাহ এক উল্লেখযোগ্য পৰিঘটনা।<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mahmoudi |first=Hassan |date=2021-04-21 |title=Iran Loses Highly Educated and Skilled Citizens during Long-Running "Brain Drain" |url=https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/iran-brain-drain-emigration |access-date=2022-03-20 |website=migrationpolicy.org |language=en}}</ref> ১৯৯০ চনৰ আৰম্ভণিতে প্ৰতি বছৰে ১ লাখ ৫০ হাজাৰতকৈ অধিক ইৰাণীয়ে ইছলামিক গণৰাজ্য এৰি থৈ যায় <ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/1999/06/carringt.htm|title=IMF research economist Enrica Detragiache and U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics economist William J. Carrington in the IMF's quarterly magazine, ''Finance and Development'' (v. 36, n. 2 (July 1999)|access-date=2011-12-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090831103411/http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/1999/06/carringt.htm|archive-date=2009-08-31|url-status=live}}</ref> আৰু সেই সময়ত উচ্চতৰ মাধ্যমিক শিক্ষা গ্ৰহণ কৰা সকলো ইৰাণীৰ অনুমাণিক ২৫ শতাংশই বিদেশত অ'ইচিডিৰ মানদণ্ডৰ উন্নত দেশত বাস কৰিছিল।<ref name="auto"/><ref name="RFERLclarif">{{cite web |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/1342682.html |title=Clarification On The 'Brain Drain.' |publisher=Rferl.org |date=2004-04-12 |access-date=2011-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110526124322/http://www.rferl.org/content/article/1342682.html |archive-date=2011-05-26 |url-status=live }}</ref> ২০০৯ চনৰ আই এম এফৰ প্ৰতিৱেদনত কোৱা হৈছে যে ইৰাণ শৈক্ষিক অভিজাত শ্ৰেণী হেৰুৱাই পেলোৱা দেশসমূহৰ তালিকাৰ শীৰ্ষত আছে; ই ১৫০,০০০ৰপৰা ১ লাখ ৮০,০০০ ভিতৰত বিশেষজ্ঞ হেৰুৱাইছিল। যিটো মোটামুটিভাৱে যথেষ্ট মূলধনী লোকচানৰ সমতুল্য। .<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.payvand.com/news/12/may/1297.html|title=Iran Faced With Growing Brain Drain: Report|work=payvand.com|access-date=2012-06-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170425200026/http://www.payvand.com/news/12/may/1297.html|archive-date=2017-04-25|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="PRB">{{cite web |url=http://www.prb.org/Articles/2004/IranFacesPressuretoProvideJobsAddressHealthDisparities.aspx |title=Iran Faces Pressure to Provide Jobs, Address Health Disparities by Yvette Collymore |publisher=Prb.org |date=2004-09-07 |access-date=2011-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120920043819/http://www.prb.org/Articles/2004/IranFacesPressuretoProvideJobsAddressHealthDisparities.aspx |archive-date=2012-09-20 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Frances |last=Harrison |title=Huge cost of Iranian brain drain |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/6240287.stm |publisher=BBC News |date=2007-01-08 |access-date=2007-01-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070109193238/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/6240287.stm |archive-date=2007-01-09 |url-status=live }}</ref> ইয়াৰ উপৰি ২০০৯ চনৰ ইৰাণৰ নিৰ্বাচনী প্ৰতিবাদৰ পিছত ৰাজনৈতিক দমনৰ ফলত ইৰাণৰ বুদ্ধিজীৱীসকলৰ গণ পলায়ন ঘটে, যাক "ক্ৰমবৰ্ধমান শৰণাৰ্থী পলায়ন" বুলি বৰ্ণনা কৰা হয়।<ref>"Iran's refugee exodus is exacerbating a brain drain that has stunted the country's development for years." [https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB126049484505086861?mod=rss_Today's_Most_Popular Thousands Flee Iran as Noose Tightens] DECEMBER 11, 2009</ref> ইয়াৰ উপৰি আমেৰিকাৰ কেন্দ্ৰীয় চোৰাংচোৱা সংস্থাই (CIA) "ব্ৰেইনড্ৰেইন প্ৰজেক্ট" নামৰ এক গোপন অভিযান চলাই আছে বুলিও বাতৰি প্ৰকাশ পাইছে, যাৰ লক্ষ্য হৈছে ইৰাণৰ পাৰমাণৱিক বিশেষজ্ঞসকলক নিজৰ পক্ষলৈ আকৰ্ষণ কৰা, যাৰ ফলত ইৰাণৰ পাৰমাণৱিক কাৰ্যসূচী দুৰ্বল হৈ পৰিছে। <ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/11/world/middleeast/11assess.html?src=mv | work=The New York Times | title=Beyond Iran Sanctions, Plans B, C, D and | first=David E. | last=Sanger | date=June 10, 2010 | access-date=February 24, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160725104855/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/11/world/middleeast/11assess.html?src=mv | archive-date=July 25, 2016 | url-status=live }}</ref> ২০২৪ চনৰ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী মাহত ইৰাণ চৰকাৰে শিক্ষিত ব্যক্তিৰ প্ৰব্ৰজন ৰোধৰ বাবে প্ৰচেষ্টা আৰম্ভ কৰে, য’ত চোৰাংচোৱাগিৰি বৃদ্ধি আৰু মানুহৰ চলাচলত সম্ভাৱ্য বাধা আৰোপ কৰা হয়। <ref>{{cite web | last1=فردا | first1=رادیو | url=https://www.radiofarda.com/a/32827133.html | title=برخورد با دفاتر مهاجرتی برای جلوگیری از مهاجرت بیشتر نخبگان از ایران | work=رادیو فردا }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://ir.voanews.com/a/security-view-of-the-islamic-republic-on-the-migration-of-elites/7494624.html | title=همکاری بنیاد نخبگان و پلیس گذرنامه؛ مهاجرت هم امنیتی شد | date=20 February 2024 }}</ref> ==পটভূমি== ২০০৩ চনত ইৰাণৰ উন্নয়নৰ ওপৰত ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ 'সাধাৰণ দেশৰ মূল্যায়ন' অনুসৰি ১৯৯১ চনৰপৰা ১৯৯৯ চনৰ ভিতৰত ইৰাণত চাকৰি সৃষ্টিৰ ফলত "শ্ৰম বজাৰত প্ৰৱেশ কৰা লোকসকলৰ ৬০ শতাংশতকৈও কম লোকে কৰ্মসংস্থাপন লাভ কৰিছিল।" <ref name="PRB"/> কেন্দ্ৰীয় চোৰাংচোৱা সংস্থাই অনুমান কৰিছে যে ১৫ বছৰ আৰু তাতকৈ অধিক বয়সৰ ৫ কোটি ১০ লাখ ইৰাণীৰ ভিতৰত ৭৭ শতাংশই পঢ়িব আৰু লিখিব পাৰে।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/iran/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110162554/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/iran |url-status=dead |archive-date=10 January 2021 |title=World Factbook, Iran |publisher=Cia.gov |access-date=2011-03-31 }}</ref> এই জনসংখ্যাৰ এটা বৃহৎ অংশ কলেজ পৰ্যায়ত আছে বা ইয়াৰ কাষ চাপিছে। ইৰাণত 'মগজুৰ নিষ্কাশন'ৰ কাৰণসমূহ হ'ল: "বিদেশত অৰ্থনৈতিক সমৃদ্ধি আৰু উন্নত শিক্ষাৰ সুযোগ। দেশখনে নিজৰ নাগৰিকৰ প্ৰয়োজনীয়তা পূৰণ কৰিব নোৱাৰাৰ লগতে নিবনুৱা সমস্যাৰ উচ্চ হাৰ আৰু বৌদ্ধিক আৰু সামাজিক সুৰক্ষাৰ সাধাৰণ অভাৱ। এই সকলোবোৰ কাৰকে মগজুৰ নিষ্কাশনত অৰিহণা যোগায়। ইয়াৰ উপৰি ইৰানত থকা 'আত্ম-চেন্সৰশ্বিপ'ই মানুহক মুক্তভাৱে চিন্তা আৰু লিখাত বাধা দিয়ে।" ই এনে এক বাধা যিয়ে বৈজ্ঞানিক আৰু সমাজ বিজ্ঞান দুয়োটাতে গৱেষণাক অত্যন্ত কঠিন কৰি তোলে।" <ref name="Hakimzadeh">{{cite web |url=http://www.migrationinformation.org/Profiles/display.cfm?ID=424 |title=Iran: A Vast Diaspora Abroad and Millions of Refugees at Home By Shirin Hakimzadeh |publisher=Migrationinformation.org |access-date=2011-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140215052030/http://migrationinformation.org/Profiles/display.cfm?ID=424 |archive-date=2014-02-15 |url-status=live }}</ref> ইৰাণত বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ আসনৰ বাবে হোৱা তীব্ৰ প্ৰতিদ্বন্দ্বিতাও ইয়াত গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ ভূমিকা পালন কৰে। প্ৰতি বছৰে পৰীক্ষা দিয়া প্ৰায় ১৫ লাখ লোকৰ ভিতৰত মাত্ৰ ১১ শতাংশইহে বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ত নামভৰ্তি কৰে। স্নাতক ডিগ্ৰী লাভ কৰাৰ পাছতো যুৱক-যুৱতীসকলে দেখিবলৈ পায় যে উপলব্ধ চাকৰিৰ সংখ্যা অতি কম। চৰকাৰী পৰিসংখ্যা অনুসৰি প্ৰতি বছৰে শ্ৰম বজাৰত প্ৰৱেশ কৰা ২ লাখ ৭০ হাজাৰ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ স্নাতক ছাত্ৰৰ ভিতৰত মাত্ৰ প্ৰায় ৭৫ হাজাৰ লোকেহে চাকৰি পাবলৈ সক্ষম হয়। ‘মানৱ পুঁজি’ৰ এই পলায়নে প্ৰতি বছৰে চৰকাৰৰ ৩৮ বিলিয়ন ডলাৰতকৈ অধিক খৰচ কৰে তেল বিক্ৰীৰপৰা পোৱা ৰাজহৰ দুগুণ। ‘পঞ্চবছৰীয়া উন্নয়ন পৰিকল্পনা’ৰ বিধানৰ অধীনত দেশে নিবনুৱা জনসাধাৰণৰ বাবে কৰ্মসংস্থাপনৰ সুযোগ সৃষ্টি কৰিবলৈ চেষ্টা কৰিছে; কিন্তু এই প্ৰচেষ্টাসমূহৰ ফল এতিয়াও সাফল্যমণ্ডিত হোৱা নাই। ফলত দেশখনে ইয়াৰ 'শিক্ষিত প্ৰবাসী সম্প্ৰদায়'ৰপৰাও লাভৱান হ'ব নোৱাৰে বা দেশত উপস্থিত নিবনুৱা বিশেষজ্ঞৰ পুলৰপৰাও লাভৱান হ'ব নোৱাৰে।" <ref name="Hakimzadeh"/> ==ইতিহাস== এটা সূত্ৰৰ মতে,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hakimzadeh |first=Shirin |date=2006-09-01 |title=Iran: A Vast Diaspora Abroad and Millions of Refugees at Home |url=https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/iran-vast-diaspora-abroad-and-millions-refugees-home |access-date=2023-01-04 |website=migrationpolicy.org |language=en}}</ref> ইৰাণৰপৰা প্ৰব্ৰজন আৰম্ভ হৈছিল ইৰাণ-ইৰাক যুদ্ধৰ বাবে সৈনিক নিযুক্তিৰপৰা। চৰকাৰক নতুন সৈনিকৰ প্ৰয়োজন আছিল আৰু সেই সৈন্যসকলৰ মাজত মৃত্যুৰ হাৰ অধিক হোৱাৰ বাবে নিযুক্তি পোৱা ইৰাণী পুৰুষসকলক আন দেশলৈ পলায়ন কৰিবলৈ বাধ্য কৰাইছিল। আন এটা সম্ভাৱ্য কাৰণ হ’ব পাৰে ১৯৭৯ চনৰ ইছলামিক বিপ্লৱৰ পিছত হোৱা ইৰাণৰ সাংস্কৃতিক বিপ্লৱ। ১৯৮০ চনৰ ১২ জুনত সাংস্কৃতিক বিপ্লৱে ইৰাণৰ উচ্চ শিক্ষা-ব্যৱস্থাক বৃহৎ সংস্কাৰ কৰাৰ প্ৰয়াসত এবছৰতকৈও অধিক সময় বন্ধ কৰি দিছিল। তথাপি শিক্ষিত ইৰাণীসকলে বিদেশলৈ প্ৰব্ৰজন কৰাৰ বিষয়টো ১৯৮০ চনৰ ৩১ অক্টোবৰতহে আলোচনা কৰা হৈছিল, যেতিয়া ইৰাণৰ বিপ্লৱী নেতা [[ৰুহেল্লা খোমেইনী]]য়ে ইয়াৰ গুৰুত্বক তুচ্ছজ্ঞান কৰিছিল: :''" মানুহে কয় "ব্ৰেইনৱাছিং।" এই পচি যোৱা মগজুবোৰ সাৰি যাওক। তেওঁলোকৰ বাবে শোক নকৰিবা; তেওঁলোকে জীৱনৰ নিজৰ সংজ্ঞা সৃষ্টি কৰক। প্ৰতিটো মগজু—যিটোক আপুনি "বিজ্ঞান" বুলি কয়—সন্মানৰ যোগ্য নেকি? পলাই যোৱাসকলৰ বাবে আমি বহি শোক কৰা উচিত নেকি? এই মগজুবোৰ আমেৰিকা আৰু ব্ৰিটেইনলৈ পলায়ন কৰাৰ বাবে আমি চিন্তা কৰা উচিত নেকি? এই মগজুবোৰ পলাওক, আৰু অধিক যোগ্য মগজুৱে ইয়াৰ ঠাই ল’ব। এতিয়া যেতিয়া তেওঁলোকে (ইছলামিক ৰিপাব্লিকে) পাৰ্জ চলাইছে, তেতিয়া আপুনি কিয় বিচলিত হৈছে, কিয় মানুহক হত্যা কৰিছে? আনকি এই বিপথে পৰিচালিত লোকসকলৰ পচি যোৱা মগজুৰ বিষয়েও কিয় আলোচনা কৰিছে? ইছলামক কিয় প্ৰশ্ন কৰিছে? পলায়ন কৰিছে নেকি? সিহঁতক যাবলৈ দিয়ক। সিহঁতক পলাবলৈ দিয়ক। তেওঁলোক বৈজ্ঞানিক মগজু নাছিল। সেইটোৱেই ভাল। চিন্তা নকৰিব। মাত্ৰ পলাব লাগে। [ইৰাণ] এতিয়া তেওঁলোকৰ বাসস্থান নহয়। এই বিপথে পৰিচালিত মগজুবোৰৰ আমাৰ কোনো কাম নাই। সিহঁতক পলাবলৈ দিয়ক। যদি আপুনি এই ঠাইখন আপোনাৰ থাকিবলৈ নহয় বুলি ভাবে, তেন্তে আপুনিও পলাই যোৱা উচিত। T "''<ref>Interview with [[Ettelaat]] newspaper, آیت الله روح الله خمینی در ملاقات با اعضای کمیته امداد روزنامه اطلاعات، 9 آبان ماه 1358 . Link: [http://www.iranpressnews.com/source/009122.htm See second paragraph] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20060509205414/http://www.iranpressnews.com/source/009122.htm |date=2006-05-09}} {{in lang|fa}}</ref> ইৰাণ–ইৰাক যুদ্ধৰ সময়তো এই ধাৰা অব্যাহত আছিল। ২০০৫ চনৰ নৱেম্বৰ মাহত ড° ফাৰাজী-ডানাৰ ঠাইত এজন ধৰ্মগুৰুৱে তেহৰাণ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ চ্যান্সেলৰৰ দায়িত্ব লয়। ইৰাণৰ ইতিহাসত প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে কোনো ডাঙৰ শিক্ষানুষ্ঠানৰ নেতৃত্বত পৰম্পৰাগত শিক্ষাবিদসকলৰ ওপৰত এজন ধৰ্মগুৰুক আধিপত্য বিস্তাৰ কৰা হৈছিল। তেওঁ অৱশ্যে কেইবাখনো গ্ৰন্থৰ ৰচনা কৰিছে আৰু ইছলামিক ন্যায়বিজ্ঞানৰ বিশেষজ্ঞ হিচাপে বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ আইন বিদ্যালয়তো অধ্যাপনা কৰিছে।<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/iran/story/2005/11/051125_mf_amid.shtml |title=نخستين رئيس روحانی برای دانشگاه تهران |publisher=BBC News |access-date=2011-10-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419062431/http://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/iran/story/2005/11/051125_mf_amid.shtml |archive-date=2012-04-19 |url-status=live }}</ref> এই দেশসমূহত একাডেমীৰ গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ পদবীত থকা ইৰাণৰ বিভাগীয় মুৰব্বী আৰু পৰিচালকৰ দীঘলীয়া তালিকাখন নিঃসন্দেহে এই বাস্তৱতাৰ এক শক্তিশালী সূচক। ইৰাণৰপৰা অহা মগজুৰ নিষ্কাশন ঘৰুৱা আৰু আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় পৰ্যায়ত সংবাদ মাধ্যমত আলোচনাৰ এক উত্তপ্ত বিষয় হৈ পৰিছে।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.payvand.com/news/01/may/1010.html|title=220,000 academics leave Iran in one year, brain drain rising - Moin warns|work=Payvand|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080409015930/http://www.payvand.com/news/01/may/1010.html|archive-date=2008-04-09|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iranian.ws/cgi-bin/iran_news/exec/view.cgi/2/3811|title=iranian.ws -&nbsp; Iranian Resources and Information.|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304031249/http://www.iranian.ws/cgi-bin/iran_news/exec/view.cgi/2/3811|archive-date=2016-03-04|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iranian.com/Opinion/2002/August/Brain/|title=THE IRANIAN: Brain drain, Ahmad Anvari|publisher=iranian.com|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071117034236/http://www.iranian.com/Opinion/2002/August/Brain/|archive-date=2007-11-17|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iranian.com/Opinion/2002/October/Brain/|title=THE IRANIAN: Brain drain, Mohammad Ala|publisher=iranian.com|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071117034245/http://www.iranian.com/Opinion/2002/October/Brain/|archive-date=2007-11-17|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.scidev.net/News/index.cfm?fuseaction=readNews&itemid=1485&language=1|title=Science & technology for global development news & analysis|publisher=SciDev.Net|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071117163807/http://www.scidev.net/News/index.cfm?fuseaction=readNews&itemid=1485&language=1|archive-date=2007-11-17|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parapundit.com/archives/002003.html|title=ParaPundit: Iran Has Highest Rate Of Emigration Brain Drain|work=parapundit.com|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080808120419/http://www.parapundit.com/archives/002003.html|archive-date=2008-08-08|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/1051803.html|title=Iran: Coping With The World's Highest Rate Of Brain Drain|newspaper=RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080413221553/http://www.rferl.org/featuresarticle/2004/03/c655d456-07df-405a-8fe9-aad51173bd66.html|archive-date=2008-04-13|url-status=live |last1=Esfandiari |first1=Golnaz }}</ref> কিছুমানে পৰিস্থিতিৰ বাবে সীমিত নিয়োগৰ সুযোগ বা দুৰ্বল শ্ৰম বজাৰ (যিটো বহুতে পশ্চিমীয়া অৰ্থনৈতিক নিষেধাজ্ঞাৰ বাবে দোষাৰোপ কৰে); আন কিছুমানে দেশৰ ক্ৰমান্বয়ে বাধাপ্ৰাপ্ত আৰু স্তব্ধ হৈ পৰা সামাজিক ব্যৱস্থাক দোষাৰোপ কৰে। এই পৰিস্থিতিৰ চিন হিচাপে ২০০৬ চনত তেতিয়াৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰপতি মাহমুদ আহমদিনেজাদে দেশৰ সকলো বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়কে তেওঁ "উদাৰ আৰু ধৰ্মনিৰপেক্ষ প্ৰভাৱ" বুলি কোৱাৰপৰা সম্পূৰ্ণৰূপে মুক্ত কৰাৰ প্ৰতিশ্ৰুতি দিয়ে।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/6196069.stm|publisher=BBC|title=Mass purges at Iran universities|first=Frances|last=Harrison|date=20 December 2006 |author-link=Frances Harrison|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080407005558/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/6196069.stm|archive-date=2008-04-07|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2006/sep/06/highereducation.iran|work=The Guardian|title=Iranian president calls for purge of liberal lecturers|first=Robert|last=Tait|date=September 6, 2006|access-date=April 22, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080907083349/http://education.guardian.co.uk/higher/worldwide/story/0,,1865731,00.html|archive-date=September 7, 2008|url-status=live}}</ref> ২০০৬ চনৰ জানুৱাৰী মাহত প্ৰকাশিত ''দ্য ৱাশ্বিংটন প্ৰিজম''ত প্ৰকাশিত এক প্ৰতিৱেদনত দাবী কৰা হৈছে যে আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় মুদ্ৰা নিধি (IMF)-এ ইৰাণক উন্নয়নশীল দেশসমূহৰ ভিতৰত "মগজুৰ নিষ্কাশন"ৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত শীৰ্ষ দেশ হিচাপে স্থান দিছে; তেওঁলোকৰ অনুমান অনুসৰি প্ৰায় ১ লাখ ৮০ হাজাৰ লোকে ইৰাণ এৰি গৈছে।<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.washingtonprism.org/showarticle.cfm?id=213 |title=Washington Prism |publisher=Washington Prism |access-date=2011-10-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080406030207/http://www.washingtonprism.org/showarticle.cfm?id=213 |archive-date=2008-04-06 |url-status=dead }}</ref> অৱশ্যে ইছলামিক ৰিপাব্লিক নিউজ এজেন্সীৰ এক প্ৰতিৱেদনত এই সংখ্যা ২ লাখ বুলি কোৱা হৈছে। ইৰাণৰ সংস্কৃতি আৰু উচ্চ শিক্ষা মন্ত্ৰ্যালয়ৰ মতে বৰ্তমান প্ৰায় ৫০,০০০ ইৰাণী ছাত্ৰ-ছাত্ৰীয়ে বিদেশত অধ্যয়ন কৰি আছে।<ref name="Iranian Embassy in Oslo">{{cite web|title=Education System in Iran|url=http://www.iran-embassy-oslo.no/embassy/educat.htm|publisher=Iranian Embassy in Oslo|access-date=7 May 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090609234100/http://www.iran-embassy-oslo.no/embassy/educat.htm|archive-date=9 June 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==ধাৰা ওলোটাই অনাৰ প্ৰচেষ্টা== শেহতীয়া বছৰবোৰত শিক্ষাবিদ আৰু উচ্চ দক্ষতাসম্পন্ন শ্ৰমিকসকলক কৰ্মসংস্থাপন আৰু গৱেষণাৰ সুযোগ প্ৰদান কৰি মগজু নিষ্কাশণ তথা মানৱ সম্পদৰ বহিঃপ্ৰৱাহৰ ৰোধৰ বাবে কেইবাটাও পদক্ষেপ গ্ৰহণ কৰা হৈছে। ২০০৩ চনৰ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী মাহত ইৰাণত বিজ্ঞান আৰু প্ৰযুক্তিবিদ্যাৰ প্ৰসাৰৰ বাবে আৰু গৱেষণা আৰু উন্নয়নত নিয়োজিত লোকসকলক উপকৃত কৰিবলৈ ইৰাণৰ নেচনেল ছায়েন্স ফাউণ্ডেশ্যন স্থাপন কৰা হয়। বিজ্ঞান আৰু প্ৰযুক্তিবিদ্যাত কাম কৰা ইৰাণীসকলৰ সুবিধাৰ্থে স্থাপন কৰা আন এটা প্ৰতিষ্ঠান হৈছে ইৰাণৰ নেচনেল জিনিয়াছ ফাউণ্ডেশ্যন।<ref>{{Cite web |title=.: بنیاد ملی نخبگان |url=http://www.bonyad-nokhbegan.ir/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080423102932/http://www.bonyad-nokhbegan.ir/ |archive-date=2008-04-23 |access-date=2008-04-22}}</ref> ইৰাণে স্নাতক অভিলেখ বিধেয়ক উত্থাপন কৰি মগজু নিষ্কাশণ তথা বহিঃপ্ৰৱাহ ৰোধ কৰাৰ চেষ্টা কৰিছে; এই বিধেয়কখনে স্নাতক পৰ্যায়ত শিক্ষাৰ আন্তৰ্জাতিককৰণ আৰু সম্প্ৰসাৰণৰ আহ্বান জনাইছে, যাৰ ফলত স্নাতকসকলৰ সংখ্যা বৃদ্ধি পাব। <ref>{{cite book |url=http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=12185&page=25 |title=Science and Technology and the Future Development of Societies: International Workshop Proceedings |publisher=Nap.edu |date=2007-02-11 |doi=10.17226/12185 |isbn=978-0-309-11927-6 |access-date=2011-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121016082426/http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=12185&page=25 |archive-date=2012-10-16 |url-status=live }}</ref> ==তথ্যৰ উৎস== {{reflist}} ==অধিক পঢ়ক== *{{cite journal|title=The brain drain from Iran to the United States|first=Akbar E|last=Torbat|journal=Middle East Journal|pages=272–295|date=Spring 2002|volume=56|issue=2}} *Migration Information: {{cite web|url=http://www.migrationinformation.org/Profiles/display.cfm?ID=424|title=Iran: A Vast Diaspora Abroad and Millions of Refugees at Home|work=migrationpolicy.org|access-date=2008-12-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140215052030/http://migrationinformation.org/Profiles/display.cfm?ID=424|archive-date=2014-02-15|url-status=live}} *UCSC Study: {{Cite web |url=http://users.soe.ucsc.edu/~daraei/files/BrainDrain.jpg |title=Baskin School of Engineering – Baskin Engineering provides unique educational opportunities, world-class research with an eye to social responsibility and diversity |access-date=2014-01-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140110001124/http://users.soe.ucsc.edu/~daraei/files/BrainDrain.jpg |archive-date=2014-01-10 |url-status=live }} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== *[https://web.archive.org/web/20100525045858/http://www.g15.org/workingpaper5.pdf International Migration, Remittances and the Brain Drain] in [[Group of 15]] Countries [[শ্ৰেণী:ইৰান]] gtyto6hzvyd540zit2bhx6f6mwe1zba 605903 605902 2026-05-11T18:02:43Z নৰুনা বৰুৱা 44897 605903 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Emigration of highly educated people from Iran}} '''ইৰাণৰপৰা মানৱ মূলধনৰ বহিঃপ্ৰৱাহ''' ১৯৭৯ চনৰ ইছলামিক বিপ্লৱৰ পিছৰেপৰা [[ইৰান]]ৰপৰা মানৱ পুঁজিৰ বহিঃপ্ৰৱাহ এক উল্লেখযোগ্য পৰিঘটনা।<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mahmoudi |first=Hassan |date=2021-04-21 |title=Iran Loses Highly Educated and Skilled Citizens during Long-Running "Brain Drain" |url=https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/iran-brain-drain-emigration |access-date=2022-03-20 |website=migrationpolicy.org |language=en}}</ref> ১৯৯০ চনৰ আৰম্ভণিতে প্ৰতি বছৰে ১ লাখ ৫০ হাজাৰতকৈ অধিক ইৰাণীয়ে ইছলামিক গণৰাজ্য এৰি থৈ যায় <ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/1999/06/carringt.htm|title=IMF research economist Enrica Detragiache and U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics economist William J. Carrington in the IMF's quarterly magazine, ''Finance and Development'' (v. 36, n. 2 (July 1999)|access-date=2011-12-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090831103411/http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/1999/06/carringt.htm|archive-date=2009-08-31|url-status=live}}</ref> আৰু সেই সময়ত উচ্চতৰ মাধ্যমিক শিক্ষা গ্ৰহণ কৰা সকলো ইৰাণীৰ অনুমাণিক ২৫ শতাংশই বিদেশত অ'ইচিডিৰ মানদণ্ডৰ উন্নত দেশত বাস কৰিছিল।<ref name="auto"/><ref name="RFERLclarif">{{cite web |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/1342682.html |title=Clarification On The 'Brain Drain.' |publisher=Rferl.org |date=2004-04-12 |access-date=2011-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110526124322/http://www.rferl.org/content/article/1342682.html |archive-date=2011-05-26 |url-status=live }}</ref> ২০০৯ চনৰ আই এম এফৰ প্ৰতিৱেদনত কোৱা হৈছে যে ইৰাণ শৈক্ষিক অভিজাত শ্ৰেণী হেৰুৱাই পেলোৱা দেশসমূহৰ তালিকাৰ শীৰ্ষত আছে; ই ১৫০,০০০ৰপৰা ১ লাখ ৮০,০০০ ভিতৰত বিশেষজ্ঞ হেৰুৱাইছিল। যিটো মোটামুটিভাৱে যথেষ্ট মূলধনী লোকচানৰ সমতুল্য। .<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.payvand.com/news/12/may/1297.html|title=Iran Faced With Growing Brain Drain: Report|work=payvand.com|access-date=2012-06-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170425200026/http://www.payvand.com/news/12/may/1297.html|archive-date=2017-04-25|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="PRB">{{cite web |url=http://www.prb.org/Articles/2004/IranFacesPressuretoProvideJobsAddressHealthDisparities.aspx |title=Iran Faces Pressure to Provide Jobs, Address Health Disparities by Yvette Collymore |publisher=Prb.org |date=2004-09-07 |access-date=2011-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120920043819/http://www.prb.org/Articles/2004/IranFacesPressuretoProvideJobsAddressHealthDisparities.aspx |archive-date=2012-09-20 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Frances |last=Harrison |title=Huge cost of Iranian brain drain |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/6240287.stm |publisher=BBC News |date=2007-01-08 |access-date=2007-01-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070109193238/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/6240287.stm |archive-date=2007-01-09 |url-status=live }}</ref> ইয়াৰ উপৰি ২০০৯ চনৰ ইৰাণৰ নিৰ্বাচনী প্ৰতিবাদৰ পিছত ৰাজনৈতিক দমনৰ ফলত ইৰাণৰ বুদ্ধিজীৱীসকলৰ গণ পলায়ন ঘটে, যাক "ক্ৰমবৰ্ধমান শৰণাৰ্থী পলায়ন" বুলি বৰ্ণনা কৰা হয়।<ref>"Iran's refugee exodus is exacerbating a brain drain that has stunted the country's development for years." [https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB126049484505086861?mod=rss_Today's_Most_Popular Thousands Flee Iran as Noose Tightens] DECEMBER 11, 2009</ref> ইয়াৰ উপৰি আমেৰিকাৰ কেন্দ্ৰীয় চোৰাংচোৱা সংস্থাই (CIA) "ব্ৰেইনড্ৰেইন প্ৰজেক্ট" নামৰ এক গোপন অভিযান চলাই আছে বুলিও বাতৰি প্ৰকাশ পাইছে, যাৰ লক্ষ্য হৈছে ইৰাণৰ পাৰমাণৱিক বিশেষজ্ঞসকলক নিজৰ পক্ষলৈ আকৰ্ষণ কৰা, যাৰ ফলত ইৰাণৰ পাৰমাণৱিক কাৰ্যসূচী দুৰ্বল হৈ পৰিছে। <ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/11/world/middleeast/11assess.html?src=mv | work=The New York Times | title=Beyond Iran Sanctions, Plans B, C, D and | first=David E. | last=Sanger | date=June 10, 2010 | access-date=February 24, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160725104855/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/11/world/middleeast/11assess.html?src=mv | archive-date=July 25, 2016 | url-status=live }}</ref> ২০২৪ চনৰ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী মাহত ইৰাণ চৰকাৰে শিক্ষিত ব্যক্তিৰ প্ৰব্ৰজন ৰোধৰ বাবে প্ৰচেষ্টা আৰম্ভ কৰে, য’ত চোৰাংচোৱাগিৰি বৃদ্ধি আৰু মানুহৰ চলাচলত সম্ভাৱ্য বাধা আৰোপ কৰা হয়। <ref>{{cite web | last1=فردا | first1=رادیو | url=https://www.radiofarda.com/a/32827133.html | title=برخورد با دفاتر مهاجرتی برای جلوگیری از مهاجرت بیشتر نخبگان از ایران | work=رادیو فردا }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://ir.voanews.com/a/security-view-of-the-islamic-republic-on-the-migration-of-elites/7494624.html | title=همکاری بنیاد نخبگان و پلیس گذرنامه؛ مهاجرت هم امنیتی شد | date=20 February 2024 }}</ref> ==পটভূমি== ২০০৩ চনত ইৰাণৰ উন্নয়নৰ ওপৰত ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ 'সাধাৰণ দেশৰ মূল্যায়ন' অনুসৰি ১৯৯১ চনৰপৰা ১৯৯৯ চনৰ ভিতৰত ইৰাণত চাকৰি সৃষ্টিৰ ফলত "শ্ৰম বজাৰত প্ৰৱেশ কৰা লোকসকলৰ ৬০ শতাংশতকৈও কম লোকে কৰ্মসংস্থাপন লাভ কৰিছিল।" <ref name="PRB"/> কেন্দ্ৰীয় চোৰাংচোৱা সংস্থাই অনুমান কৰিছে যে ১৫ বছৰ আৰু তাতকৈ অধিক বয়সৰ ৫ কোটি ১০ লাখ ইৰাণীৰ ভিতৰত ৭৭ শতাংশই পঢ়িব আৰু লিখিব পাৰে।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/iran/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110162554/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/iran |url-status=dead |archive-date=10 January 2021 |title=World Factbook, Iran |publisher=Cia.gov |access-date=2011-03-31 }}</ref> এই জনসংখ্যাৰ এটা বৃহৎ অংশ কলেজ পৰ্যায়ত আছে বা ইয়াৰ কাষ চাপিছে। ইৰাণত 'মগজুৰ নিষ্কাশন'ৰ কাৰণসমূহ হ'ল: "বিদেশত অৰ্থনৈতিক সমৃদ্ধি আৰু উন্নত শিক্ষাৰ সুযোগ। দেশখনে নিজৰ নাগৰিকৰ প্ৰয়োজনীয়তা পূৰণ কৰিব নোৱাৰাৰ লগতে নিবনুৱা সমস্যাৰ উচ্চ হাৰ আৰু বৌদ্ধিক আৰু সামাজিক সুৰক্ষাৰ সাধাৰণ অভাৱ। এই সকলোবোৰ কাৰকে মগজুৰ নিষ্কাশনত অৰিহণা যোগায়। ইয়াৰ উপৰি ইৰানত থকা 'আত্ম-চেন্সৰশ্বিপ'ই মানুহক মুক্তভাৱে চিন্তা আৰু লিখাত বাধা দিয়ে।" ই এনে এক বাধা যিয়ে বৈজ্ঞানিক আৰু সমাজ বিজ্ঞান দুয়োটাতে গৱেষণাক অত্যন্ত কঠিন কৰি তোলে।" <ref name="Hakimzadeh">{{cite web |url=http://www.migrationinformation.org/Profiles/display.cfm?ID=424 |title=Iran: A Vast Diaspora Abroad and Millions of Refugees at Home By Shirin Hakimzadeh |publisher=Migrationinformation.org |access-date=2011-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140215052030/http://migrationinformation.org/Profiles/display.cfm?ID=424 |archive-date=2014-02-15 |url-status=live }}</ref> ইৰাণত বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ আসনৰ বাবে হোৱা তীব্ৰ প্ৰতিদ্বন্দ্বিতাও ইয়াত গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ ভূমিকা পালন কৰে। প্ৰতি বছৰে পৰীক্ষা দিয়া প্ৰায় ১৫ লাখ লোকৰ ভিতৰত মাত্ৰ ১১ শতাংশইহে বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ত নামভৰ্তি কৰে। স্নাতক ডিগ্ৰী লাভ কৰাৰ পাছতো যুৱক-যুৱতীসকলে দেখিবলৈ পায় যে উপলব্ধ চাকৰিৰ সংখ্যা অতি কম। চৰকাৰী পৰিসংখ্যা অনুসৰি প্ৰতি বছৰে শ্ৰম বজাৰত প্ৰৱেশ কৰা ২ লাখ ৭০ হাজাৰ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ স্নাতক ছাত্ৰৰ ভিতৰত মাত্ৰ প্ৰায় ৭৫ হাজাৰ লোকেহে চাকৰি পাবলৈ সক্ষম হয়। ‘মানৱ পুঁজি’ৰ এই পলায়নে প্ৰতি বছৰে চৰকাৰৰ ৩৮ বিলিয়ন ডলাৰতকৈ অধিক খৰচ কৰে তেল বিক্ৰীৰপৰা পোৱা ৰাজহৰ দুগুণ। ‘পঞ্চবছৰীয়া উন্নয়ন পৰিকল্পনা’ৰ বিধানৰ অধীনত দেশে নিবনুৱা জনসাধাৰণৰ বাবে কৰ্মসংস্থাপনৰ সুযোগ সৃষ্টি কৰিবলৈ চেষ্টা কৰিছে; কিন্তু এই প্ৰচেষ্টাসমূহৰ ফল এতিয়াও সাফল্যমণ্ডিত হোৱা নাই। ফলত দেশখনে ইয়াৰ 'শিক্ষিত প্ৰবাসী সম্প্ৰদায়'ৰপৰাও লাভৱান হ'ব নোৱাৰে বা দেশত উপস্থিত নিবনুৱা বিশেষজ্ঞৰ পুলৰপৰাও লাভৱান হ'ব নোৱাৰে।" <ref name="Hakimzadeh"/> ==ইতিহাস== এটা সূত্ৰৰ মতে,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hakimzadeh |first=Shirin |date=2006-09-01 |title=Iran: A Vast Diaspora Abroad and Millions of Refugees at Home |url=https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/iran-vast-diaspora-abroad-and-millions-refugees-home |access-date=2023-01-04 |website=migrationpolicy.org |language=en}}</ref> ইৰাণৰপৰা প্ৰব্ৰজন আৰম্ভ হৈছিল ইৰাণ-ইৰাক যুদ্ধৰ বাবে সৈনিক নিযুক্তিৰপৰা। চৰকাৰক নতুন সৈনিকৰ প্ৰয়োজন আছিল আৰু সেই সৈন্যসকলৰ মাজত মৃত্যুৰ হাৰ অধিক হোৱাৰ বাবে নিযুক্তি পোৱা ইৰাণী পুৰুষসকলক আন দেশলৈ পলায়ন কৰিবলৈ বাধ্য কৰাইছিল। আন এটা সম্ভাৱ্য কাৰণ হ’ব পাৰে ১৯৭৯ চনৰ ইছলামিক বিপ্লৱৰ পিছত হোৱা ইৰাণৰ সাংস্কৃতিক বিপ্লৱ। ১৯৮০ চনৰ ১২ জুনত সাংস্কৃতিক বিপ্লৱে ইৰাণৰ উচ্চ শিক্ষা-ব্যৱস্থাক বৃহৎ সংস্কাৰ কৰাৰ প্ৰয়াসত এবছৰতকৈও অধিক সময় বন্ধ কৰি দিছিল। তথাপি শিক্ষিত ইৰাণীসকলে বিদেশলৈ প্ৰব্ৰজন কৰাৰ বিষয়টো ১৯৮০ চনৰ ৩১ অক্টোবৰতহে আলোচনা কৰা হৈছিল, যেতিয়া ইৰাণৰ বিপ্লৱী নেতা [[ৰুহেল্লা খোমেইনী]]য়ে ইয়াৰ গুৰুত্বক তুচ্ছজ্ঞান কৰিছিল: :''" মানুহে কয় "ব্ৰেইনৱাছিং।" এই পচি যোৱা মগজুবোৰ সাৰি যাওক। তেওঁলোকৰ বাবে শোক নকৰিবা; তেওঁলোকে জীৱনৰ নিজৰ সংজ্ঞা সৃষ্টি কৰক। প্ৰতিটো মগজু—যিটোক আপুনি "বিজ্ঞান" বুলি কয়—সন্মানৰ যোগ্য নেকি? পলাই যোৱাসকলৰ বাবে আমি বহি শোক কৰা উচিত নেকি? এই মগজুবোৰ আমেৰিকা আৰু ব্ৰিটেইনলৈ পলায়ন কৰাৰ বাবে আমি চিন্তা কৰা উচিত নেকি? এই মগজুবোৰ পলাওক, আৰু অধিক যোগ্য মগজুৱে ইয়াৰ ঠাই ল’ব। এতিয়া যেতিয়া তেওঁলোকে (ইছলামিক ৰিপাব্লিকে) পাৰ্জ চলাইছে, তেতিয়া আপুনি কিয় বিচলিত হৈছে, কিয় মানুহক হত্যা কৰিছে? আনকি এই বিপথে পৰিচালিত লোকসকলৰ পচি যোৱা মগজুৰ বিষয়েও কিয় আলোচনা কৰিছে? ইছলামক কিয় প্ৰশ্ন কৰিছে? পলায়ন কৰিছে নেকি? সিহঁতক যাবলৈ দিয়ক। সিহঁতক পলাবলৈ দিয়ক। তেওঁলোক বৈজ্ঞানিক মগজু নাছিল। সেইটোৱেই ভাল। চিন্তা নকৰিব। মাত্ৰ পলাব লাগে। [ইৰাণ] এতিয়া তেওঁলোকৰ বাসস্থান নহয়। এই বিপথে পৰিচালিত মগজুবোৰৰ আমাৰ কোনো কাম নাই। সিহঁতক পলাবলৈ দিয়ক। যদি আপুনি এই ঠাইখন আপোনাৰ থাকিবলৈ নহয় বুলি ভাবে, তেন্তে আপুনিও পলাই যোৱা উচিত। T "''<ref>Interview with [[Ettelaat]] newspaper, آیت الله روح الله خمینی در ملاقات با اعضای کمیته امداد روزنامه اطلاعات، 9 آبان ماه 1358 . Link: [http://www.iranpressnews.com/source/009122.htm See second paragraph] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20060509205414/http://www.iranpressnews.com/source/009122.htm |date=2006-05-09}} {{in lang|fa}}</ref> ইৰাণ–ইৰাক যুদ্ধৰ সময়তো এই ধাৰা অব্যাহত আছিল। ২০০৫ চনৰ নৱেম্বৰ মাহত ড° ফাৰাজী-ডানাৰ ঠাইত এজন ধৰ্মগুৰুৱে তেহৰাণ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ চ্যান্সেলৰৰ দায়িত্ব লয়। ইৰাণৰ ইতিহাসত প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে কোনো ডাঙৰ শিক্ষানুষ্ঠানৰ নেতৃত্বত পৰম্পৰাগত শিক্ষাবিদসকলৰ ওপৰত এজন ধৰ্মগুৰুক আধিপত্য বিস্তাৰ কৰা হৈছিল। তেওঁ অৱশ্যে কেইবাখনো গ্ৰন্থৰ ৰচনা কৰিছে আৰু ইছলামিক ন্যায়বিজ্ঞানৰ বিশেষজ্ঞ হিচাপে বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ আইন বিদ্যালয়তো অধ্যাপনা কৰিছে।<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/iran/story/2005/11/051125_mf_amid.shtml |title=نخستين رئيس روحانی برای دانشگاه تهران |publisher=BBC News |access-date=2011-10-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419062431/http://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/iran/story/2005/11/051125_mf_amid.shtml |archive-date=2012-04-19 |url-status=live }}</ref> এই দেশসমূহত একাডেমীৰ গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ পদবীত থকা ইৰাণৰ বিভাগীয় মুৰব্বী আৰু পৰিচালকৰ দীঘলীয়া তালিকাখন নিঃসন্দেহে এই বাস্তৱতাৰ এক শক্তিশালী সূচক। ইৰাণৰপৰা অহা মগজুৰ নিষ্কাশন ঘৰুৱা আৰু আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় পৰ্যায়ত সংবাদ মাধ্যমত আলোচনাৰ এক উত্তপ্ত বিষয় হৈ পৰিছে।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.payvand.com/news/01/may/1010.html|title=220,000 academics leave Iran in one year, brain drain rising - Moin warns|work=Payvand|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080409015930/http://www.payvand.com/news/01/may/1010.html|archive-date=2008-04-09|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iranian.ws/cgi-bin/iran_news/exec/view.cgi/2/3811|title=iranian.ws -&nbsp; Iranian Resources and Information.|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304031249/http://www.iranian.ws/cgi-bin/iran_news/exec/view.cgi/2/3811|archive-date=2016-03-04|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iranian.com/Opinion/2002/August/Brain/|title=THE IRANIAN: Brain drain, Ahmad Anvari|publisher=iranian.com|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071117034236/http://www.iranian.com/Opinion/2002/August/Brain/|archive-date=2007-11-17|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iranian.com/Opinion/2002/October/Brain/|title=THE IRANIAN: Brain drain, Mohammad Ala|publisher=iranian.com|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071117034245/http://www.iranian.com/Opinion/2002/October/Brain/|archive-date=2007-11-17|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.scidev.net/News/index.cfm?fuseaction=readNews&itemid=1485&language=1|title=Science & technology for global development news & analysis|publisher=SciDev.Net|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071117163807/http://www.scidev.net/News/index.cfm?fuseaction=readNews&itemid=1485&language=1|archive-date=2007-11-17|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parapundit.com/archives/002003.html|title=ParaPundit: Iran Has Highest Rate Of Emigration Brain Drain|work=parapundit.com|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080808120419/http://www.parapundit.com/archives/002003.html|archive-date=2008-08-08|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/1051803.html|title=Iran: Coping With The World's Highest Rate Of Brain Drain|newspaper=RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080413221553/http://www.rferl.org/featuresarticle/2004/03/c655d456-07df-405a-8fe9-aad51173bd66.html|archive-date=2008-04-13|url-status=live |last1=Esfandiari |first1=Golnaz }}</ref> কিছুমানে পৰিস্থিতিৰ বাবে সীমিত নিয়োগৰ সুযোগ বা দুৰ্বল শ্ৰম বজাৰ (যিটো বহুতে পশ্চিমীয়া অৰ্থনৈতিক নিষেধাজ্ঞাৰ বাবে দোষাৰোপ কৰে); আন কিছুমানে দেশৰ ক্ৰমান্বয়ে বাধাপ্ৰাপ্ত আৰু স্তব্ধ হৈ পৰা সামাজিক ব্যৱস্থাক দোষাৰোপ কৰে। এই পৰিস্থিতিৰ চিন হিচাপে ২০০৬ চনত তেতিয়াৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰপতি মাহমুদ আহমদিনেজাদে দেশৰ সকলো বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়কে তেওঁ "উদাৰ আৰু ধৰ্মনিৰপেক্ষ প্ৰভাৱ" বুলি কোৱাৰপৰা সম্পূৰ্ণৰূপে মুক্ত কৰাৰ প্ৰতিশ্ৰুতি দিয়ে।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/6196069.stm|publisher=BBC|title=Mass purges at Iran universities|first=Frances|last=Harrison|date=20 December 2006 |author-link=Frances Harrison|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080407005558/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/6196069.stm|archive-date=2008-04-07|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2006/sep/06/highereducation.iran|work=The Guardian|title=Iranian president calls for purge of liberal lecturers|first=Robert|last=Tait|date=September 6, 2006|access-date=April 22, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080907083349/http://education.guardian.co.uk/higher/worldwide/story/0,,1865731,00.html|archive-date=September 7, 2008|url-status=live}}</ref> ২০০৬ চনৰ জানুৱাৰী মাহত প্ৰকাশিত ''দ্য ৱাশ্বিংটন প্ৰিজম''ত প্ৰকাশিত এক প্ৰতিৱেদনত দাবী কৰা হৈছে যে আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় মুদ্ৰা নিধি (IMF)-এ ইৰাণক উন্নয়নশীল দেশসমূহৰ ভিতৰত "মগজুৰ নিষ্কাশন"ৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত শীৰ্ষ দেশ হিচাপে স্থান দিছে; তেওঁলোকৰ অনুমান অনুসৰি প্ৰায় ১ লাখ ৮০ হাজাৰ লোকে ইৰাণ এৰি গৈছে।<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.washingtonprism.org/showarticle.cfm?id=213 |title=Washington Prism |publisher=Washington Prism |access-date=2011-10-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080406030207/http://www.washingtonprism.org/showarticle.cfm?id=213 |archive-date=2008-04-06 |url-status=dead }}</ref> অৱশ্যে ইছলামিক ৰিপাব্লিক নিউজ এজেন্সীৰ এক প্ৰতিৱেদনত এই সংখ্যা ২ লাখ বুলি কোৱা হৈছে। ইৰাণৰ সংস্কৃতি আৰু উচ্চ শিক্ষা মন্ত্ৰ্যালয়ৰ মতে বৰ্তমান প্ৰায় ৫০,০০০ ইৰাণী ছাত্ৰ-ছাত্ৰীয়ে বিদেশত অধ্যয়ন কৰি আছে।<ref name="Iranian Embassy in Oslo">{{cite web|title=Education System in Iran|url=http://www.iran-embassy-oslo.no/embassy/educat.htm|publisher=Iranian Embassy in Oslo|access-date=7 May 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090609234100/http://www.iran-embassy-oslo.no/embassy/educat.htm|archive-date=9 June 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==ধাৰা ওলোটাই অনাৰ প্ৰচেষ্টা== শেহতীয়া বছৰবোৰত শিক্ষাবিদ আৰু উচ্চ দক্ষতাসম্পন্ন শ্ৰমিকসকলক কৰ্মসংস্থাপন আৰু গৱেষণাৰ সুযোগ প্ৰদান কৰি মগজু নিষ্কাশণ তথা মানৱ সম্পদৰ বহিঃপ্ৰৱাহৰ ৰোধৰ বাবে কেইবাটাও পদক্ষেপ গ্ৰহণ কৰা হৈছে। ২০০৩ চনৰ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী মাহত ইৰাণত বিজ্ঞান আৰু প্ৰযুক্তিবিদ্যাৰ প্ৰসাৰৰ বাবে আৰু গৱেষণা আৰু উন্নয়নত নিয়োজিত লোকসকলক উপকৃত কৰিবলৈ ইৰাণৰ নেচনেল ছায়েন্স ফাউণ্ডেশ্যন স্থাপন কৰা হয়। বিজ্ঞান আৰু প্ৰযুক্তিবিদ্যাত কাম কৰা ইৰাণীসকলৰ সুবিধাৰ্থে স্থাপন কৰা আন এটা প্ৰতিষ্ঠান হৈছে ইৰাণৰ নেচনেল জিনিয়াছ ফাউণ্ডেশ্যন।<ref>{{Cite web |title=.: بنیاد ملی نخبگان |url=http://www.bonyad-nokhbegan.ir/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080423102932/http://www.bonyad-nokhbegan.ir/ |archive-date=2008-04-23 |access-date=2008-04-22}}</ref> ইৰাণে স্নাতক অভিলেখ বিধেয়ক উত্থাপন কৰি মগজু নিষ্কাশণ তথা বহিঃপ্ৰৱাহ ৰোধ কৰাৰ চেষ্টা কৰিছে; এই বিধেয়কখনে স্নাতক পৰ্যায়ত শিক্ষাৰ আন্তৰ্জাতিককৰণ আৰু সম্প্ৰসাৰণৰ আহ্বান জনাইছে, যাৰ ফলত স্নাতকসকলৰ সংখ্যা বৃদ্ধি পাব। <ref>{{cite book |url=http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=12185&page=25 |title=Science and Technology and the Future Development of Societies: International Workshop Proceedings |publisher=Nap.edu |date=2007-02-11 |doi=10.17226/12185 |isbn=978-0-309-11927-6 |access-date=2011-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121016082426/http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=12185&page=25 |archive-date=2012-10-16 |url-status=live }}</ref> ==তথ্যৰ উৎস== {{reflist}} ==অধিক পঢ়ক== *{{cite journal|title=The brain drain from Iran to the United States|first=Akbar E|last=Torbat|journal=Middle East Journal|pages=272–295|date=Spring 2002|volume=56|issue=2}} *Migration Information: {{cite web|url=http://www.migrationinformation.org/Profiles/display.cfm?ID=424|title=Iran: A Vast Diaspora Abroad and Millions of Refugees at Home|work=migrationpolicy.org|access-date=2008-12-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140215052030/http://migrationinformation.org/Profiles/display.cfm?ID=424|archive-date=2014-02-15|url-status=live}} *UCSC Study: {{Cite web |url=http://users.soe.ucsc.edu/~daraei/files/BrainDrain.jpg |title=Baskin School of Engineering – Baskin Engineering provides unique educational opportunities, world-class research with an eye to social responsibility and diversity |access-date=2014-01-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140110001124/http://users.soe.ucsc.edu/~daraei/files/BrainDrain.jpg |archive-date=2014-01-10 |url-status=live }} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== *[https://web.archive.org/web/20100525045858/http://www.g15.org/workingpaper5.pdf International Migration, Remittances and the Brain Drain] in [[Group of 15]] Countries [[শ্ৰেণী:ইৰান]] 2rpx729oaxy6pjip5tfxz3dvxpodq6s 605904 605903 2026-05-11T18:04:34Z নৰুনা বৰুৱা 44897 /* পটভূমি */ 605904 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Emigration of highly educated people from Iran}} '''ইৰাণৰপৰা মানৱ মূলধনৰ বহিঃপ্ৰৱাহ''' ১৯৭৯ চনৰ ইছলামিক বিপ্লৱৰ পিছৰেপৰা [[ইৰান]]ৰপৰা মানৱ পুঁজিৰ বহিঃপ্ৰৱাহ এক উল্লেখযোগ্য পৰিঘটনা।<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mahmoudi |first=Hassan |date=2021-04-21 |title=Iran Loses Highly Educated and Skilled Citizens during Long-Running "Brain Drain" |url=https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/iran-brain-drain-emigration |access-date=2022-03-20 |website=migrationpolicy.org |language=en}}</ref> ১৯৯০ চনৰ আৰম্ভণিতে প্ৰতি বছৰে ১ লাখ ৫০ হাজাৰতকৈ অধিক ইৰাণীয়ে ইছলামিক গণৰাজ্য এৰি থৈ যায় <ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/1999/06/carringt.htm|title=IMF research economist Enrica Detragiache and U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics economist William J. Carrington in the IMF's quarterly magazine, ''Finance and Development'' (v. 36, n. 2 (July 1999)|access-date=2011-12-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090831103411/http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/1999/06/carringt.htm|archive-date=2009-08-31|url-status=live}}</ref> আৰু সেই সময়ত উচ্চতৰ মাধ্যমিক শিক্ষা গ্ৰহণ কৰা সকলো ইৰাণীৰ অনুমাণিক ২৫ শতাংশই বিদেশত অ'ইচিডিৰ মানদণ্ডৰ উন্নত দেশত বাস কৰিছিল।<ref name="auto"/><ref name="RFERLclarif">{{cite web |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/1342682.html |title=Clarification On The 'Brain Drain.' |publisher=Rferl.org |date=2004-04-12 |access-date=2011-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110526124322/http://www.rferl.org/content/article/1342682.html |archive-date=2011-05-26 |url-status=live }}</ref> ২০০৯ চনৰ আই এম এফৰ প্ৰতিৱেদনত কোৱা হৈছে যে ইৰাণ শৈক্ষিক অভিজাত শ্ৰেণী হেৰুৱাই পেলোৱা দেশসমূহৰ তালিকাৰ শীৰ্ষত আছে; ই ১৫০,০০০ৰপৰা ১ লাখ ৮০,০০০ ভিতৰত বিশেষজ্ঞ হেৰুৱাইছিল। যিটো মোটামুটিভাৱে যথেষ্ট মূলধনী লোকচানৰ সমতুল্য। .<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.payvand.com/news/12/may/1297.html|title=Iran Faced With Growing Brain Drain: Report|work=payvand.com|access-date=2012-06-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170425200026/http://www.payvand.com/news/12/may/1297.html|archive-date=2017-04-25|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="PRB">{{cite web |url=http://www.prb.org/Articles/2004/IranFacesPressuretoProvideJobsAddressHealthDisparities.aspx |title=Iran Faces Pressure to Provide Jobs, Address Health Disparities by Yvette Collymore |publisher=Prb.org |date=2004-09-07 |access-date=2011-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120920043819/http://www.prb.org/Articles/2004/IranFacesPressuretoProvideJobsAddressHealthDisparities.aspx |archive-date=2012-09-20 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Frances |last=Harrison |title=Huge cost of Iranian brain drain |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/6240287.stm |publisher=BBC News |date=2007-01-08 |access-date=2007-01-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070109193238/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/6240287.stm |archive-date=2007-01-09 |url-status=live }}</ref> ইয়াৰ উপৰি ২০০৯ চনৰ ইৰাণৰ নিৰ্বাচনী প্ৰতিবাদৰ পিছত ৰাজনৈতিক দমনৰ ফলত ইৰাণৰ বুদ্ধিজীৱীসকলৰ গণ পলায়ন ঘটে, যাক "ক্ৰমবৰ্ধমান শৰণাৰ্থী পলায়ন" বুলি বৰ্ণনা কৰা হয়।<ref>"Iran's refugee exodus is exacerbating a brain drain that has stunted the country's development for years." [https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB126049484505086861?mod=rss_Today's_Most_Popular Thousands Flee Iran as Noose Tightens] DECEMBER 11, 2009</ref> ইয়াৰ উপৰি আমেৰিকাৰ কেন্দ্ৰীয় চোৰাংচোৱা সংস্থাই (CIA) "ব্ৰেইনড্ৰেইন প্ৰজেক্ট" নামৰ এক গোপন অভিযান চলাই আছে বুলিও বাতৰি প্ৰকাশ পাইছে, যাৰ লক্ষ্য হৈছে ইৰাণৰ পাৰমাণৱিক বিশেষজ্ঞসকলক নিজৰ পক্ষলৈ আকৰ্ষণ কৰা, যাৰ ফলত ইৰাণৰ পাৰমাণৱিক কাৰ্যসূচী দুৰ্বল হৈ পৰিছে। <ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/11/world/middleeast/11assess.html?src=mv | work=The New York Times | title=Beyond Iran Sanctions, Plans B, C, D and | first=David E. | last=Sanger | date=June 10, 2010 | access-date=February 24, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160725104855/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/11/world/middleeast/11assess.html?src=mv | archive-date=July 25, 2016 | url-status=live }}</ref> ২০২৪ চনৰ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী মাহত ইৰাণ চৰকাৰে শিক্ষিত ব্যক্তিৰ প্ৰব্ৰজন ৰোধৰ বাবে প্ৰচেষ্টা আৰম্ভ কৰে, য’ত চোৰাংচোৱাগিৰি বৃদ্ধি আৰু মানুহৰ চলাচলত সম্ভাৱ্য বাধা আৰোপ কৰা হয়। <ref>{{cite web | last1=فردا | first1=رادیو | url=https://www.radiofarda.com/a/32827133.html | title=برخورد با دفاتر مهاجرتی برای جلوگیری از مهاجرت بیشتر نخبگان از ایران | work=رادیو فردا }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://ir.voanews.com/a/security-view-of-the-islamic-republic-on-the-migration-of-elites/7494624.html | title=همکاری بنیاد نخبگان و پلیس گذرنامه؛ مهاجرت هم امنیتی شد | date=20 February 2024 }}</ref> ==পটভূমি== ২০০৩ চনত [[ইৰাণ]]ৰ উন্নয়নৰ ওপৰত [[ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘ]]ৰ 'সাধাৰণ দেশৰ মূল্যায়ন' অনুসৰি ১৯৯১ চনৰপৰা ১৯৯৯ চনৰ ভিতৰত ইৰাণত চাকৰি সৃষ্টিৰ ফলত "শ্ৰম বজাৰত প্ৰৱেশ কৰা লোকসকলৰ ৬০ শতাংশতকৈও কম লোকে কৰ্মসংস্থাপন লাভ কৰিছিল।" <ref name="PRB"/> কেন্দ্ৰীয় চোৰাংচোৱা সংস্থাই অনুমান কৰিছে যে ১৫ বছৰ আৰু তাতকৈ অধিক বয়সৰ ৫ কোটি ১০ লাখ ইৰাণীৰ ভিতৰত ৭৭ শতাংশই পঢ়িব আৰু লিখিব পাৰে।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/iran/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110162554/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/iran |url-status=dead |archive-date=10 January 2021 |title=World Factbook, Iran |publisher=Cia.gov |access-date=2011-03-31 }}</ref> এই জনসংখ্যাৰ এটা বৃহৎ অংশ কলেজ পৰ্যায়ত আছে বা ইয়াৰ কাষ চাপিছে। ইৰাণত 'মগজুৰ নিষ্কাশন'ৰ কাৰণসমূহ হ'ল: "বিদেশত অৰ্থনৈতিক সমৃদ্ধি আৰু উন্নত শিক্ষাৰ সুযোগ। দেশখনে নিজৰ নাগৰিকৰ প্ৰয়োজনীয়তা পূৰণ কৰিব নোৱাৰাৰ লগতে নিবনুৱা সমস্যাৰ উচ্চ হাৰ আৰু বৌদ্ধিক আৰু সামাজিক সুৰক্ষাৰ সাধাৰণ অভাৱ। এই সকলোবোৰ কাৰকে মগজুৰ নিষ্কাশনত অৰিহণা যোগায়। ইয়াৰ উপৰি ইৰানত থকা 'আত্ম-চেন্সৰশ্বিপ'এ মানুহক মুক্তভাৱে চিন্তা আৰু লিখাত বাধা প্ৰদান কৰে।" ই এনে এক বাধা যিয়ে বৈজ্ঞানিক আৰু সমাজ বিজ্ঞান দুয়োটাতে গৱেষণাক অত্যন্ত কঠিন কৰি তোলে।" <ref name="Hakimzadeh">{{cite web |url=http://www.migrationinformation.org/Profiles/display.cfm?ID=424 |title=Iran: A Vast Diaspora Abroad and Millions of Refugees at Home By Shirin Hakimzadeh |publisher=Migrationinformation.org |access-date=2011-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140215052030/http://migrationinformation.org/Profiles/display.cfm?ID=424 |archive-date=2014-02-15 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[ইৰান]]ত বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ আসনৰ বাবে হোৱা তীব্ৰ প্ৰতিদ্বন্দ্বিতাও ইয়াত গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ ভূমিকা পালন কৰে। প্ৰতি বছৰে পৰীক্ষা দিয়া প্ৰায় ১৫ লাখ লোকৰ ভিতৰত মাত্ৰ ১১ শতাংশইহে বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ত নামভৰ্তি কৰে। স্নাতক ডিগ্ৰী লাভ কৰাৰ পাছতো যুৱক-যুৱতীসকলে দেখিবলৈ পায় যে উপলব্ধ চাকৰিৰ সংখ্যা অতি কম। চৰকাৰী পৰিসংখ্যা অনুসৰি প্ৰতি বছৰে শ্ৰম বজাৰত প্ৰৱেশ কৰা ২ লাখ ৭০ হাজাৰ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ স্নাতক ছাত্ৰৰ ভিতৰত মাত্ৰ প্ৰায় ৭৫ হাজাৰ লোকেহে চাকৰি পাবলৈ সক্ষম হয়। ‘মানৱ পুঁজি’ৰ এই পলায়নে প্ৰতি বছৰে চৰকাৰৰ ৩৮ বিলিয়ন ডলাৰতকৈ অধিক খৰচ কৰে তেল বিক্ৰীৰপৰা পোৱা ৰাজহৰ দুগুণ। ‘পঞ্চবছৰীয়া উন্নয়ন পৰিকল্পনা’ৰ বিধানৰ অধীনত দেশে নিবনুৱা জনসাধাৰণৰ বাবে কৰ্মসংস্থাপনৰ সুযোগ সৃষ্টি কৰিবলৈ চেষ্টা কৰিছে; কিন্তু এই প্ৰচেষ্টাসমূহৰ ফল এতিয়াও সাফল্যমণ্ডিত হোৱা নাই। ফলত দেশখনে ইয়াৰ 'শিক্ষিত প্ৰবাসী সম্প্ৰদায়'ৰপৰাও লাভৱান হ'ব নোৱাৰে বা দেশত উপস্থিত নিবনুৱা বিশেষজ্ঞৰ পুলৰপৰাও লাভৱান হ'ব নোৱাৰে।" <ref name="Hakimzadeh"/> ==ইতিহাস== এটা সূত্ৰৰ মতে,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hakimzadeh |first=Shirin |date=2006-09-01 |title=Iran: A Vast Diaspora Abroad and Millions of Refugees at Home |url=https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/iran-vast-diaspora-abroad-and-millions-refugees-home |access-date=2023-01-04 |website=migrationpolicy.org |language=en}}</ref> ইৰাণৰপৰা প্ৰব্ৰজন আৰম্ভ হৈছিল ইৰাণ-ইৰাক যুদ্ধৰ বাবে সৈনিক নিযুক্তিৰপৰা। চৰকাৰক নতুন সৈনিকৰ প্ৰয়োজন আছিল আৰু সেই সৈন্যসকলৰ মাজত মৃত্যুৰ হাৰ অধিক হোৱাৰ বাবে নিযুক্তি পোৱা ইৰাণী পুৰুষসকলক আন দেশলৈ পলায়ন কৰিবলৈ বাধ্য কৰাইছিল। আন এটা সম্ভাৱ্য কাৰণ হ’ব পাৰে ১৯৭৯ চনৰ ইছলামিক বিপ্লৱৰ পিছত হোৱা ইৰাণৰ সাংস্কৃতিক বিপ্লৱ। ১৯৮০ চনৰ ১২ জুনত সাংস্কৃতিক বিপ্লৱে ইৰাণৰ উচ্চ শিক্ষা-ব্যৱস্থাক বৃহৎ সংস্কাৰ কৰাৰ প্ৰয়াসত এবছৰতকৈও অধিক সময় বন্ধ কৰি দিছিল। তথাপি শিক্ষিত ইৰাণীসকলে বিদেশলৈ প্ৰব্ৰজন কৰাৰ বিষয়টো ১৯৮০ চনৰ ৩১ অক্টোবৰতহে আলোচনা কৰা হৈছিল, যেতিয়া ইৰাণৰ বিপ্লৱী নেতা [[ৰুহেল্লা খোমেইনী]]য়ে ইয়াৰ গুৰুত্বক তুচ্ছজ্ঞান কৰিছিল: :''" মানুহে কয় "ব্ৰেইনৱাছিং।" এই পচি যোৱা মগজুবোৰ সাৰি যাওক। তেওঁলোকৰ বাবে শোক নকৰিবা; তেওঁলোকে জীৱনৰ নিজৰ সংজ্ঞা সৃষ্টি কৰক। প্ৰতিটো মগজু—যিটোক আপুনি "বিজ্ঞান" বুলি কয়—সন্মানৰ যোগ্য নেকি? পলাই যোৱাসকলৰ বাবে আমি বহি শোক কৰা উচিত নেকি? এই মগজুবোৰ আমেৰিকা আৰু ব্ৰিটেইনলৈ পলায়ন কৰাৰ বাবে আমি চিন্তা কৰা উচিত নেকি? এই মগজুবোৰ পলাওক, আৰু অধিক যোগ্য মগজুৱে ইয়াৰ ঠাই ল’ব। এতিয়া যেতিয়া তেওঁলোকে (ইছলামিক ৰিপাব্লিকে) পাৰ্জ চলাইছে, তেতিয়া আপুনি কিয় বিচলিত হৈছে, কিয় মানুহক হত্যা কৰিছে? আনকি এই বিপথে পৰিচালিত লোকসকলৰ পচি যোৱা মগজুৰ বিষয়েও কিয় আলোচনা কৰিছে? ইছলামক কিয় প্ৰশ্ন কৰিছে? পলায়ন কৰিছে নেকি? সিহঁতক যাবলৈ দিয়ক। সিহঁতক পলাবলৈ দিয়ক। তেওঁলোক বৈজ্ঞানিক মগজু নাছিল। সেইটোৱেই ভাল। চিন্তা নকৰিব। মাত্ৰ পলাব লাগে। [ইৰাণ] এতিয়া তেওঁলোকৰ বাসস্থান নহয়। এই বিপথে পৰিচালিত মগজুবোৰৰ আমাৰ কোনো কাম নাই। সিহঁতক পলাবলৈ দিয়ক। যদি আপুনি এই ঠাইখন আপোনাৰ থাকিবলৈ নহয় বুলি ভাবে, তেন্তে আপুনিও পলাই যোৱা উচিত। T "''<ref>Interview with [[Ettelaat]] newspaper, آیت الله روح الله خمینی در ملاقات با اعضای کمیته امداد روزنامه اطلاعات، 9 آبان ماه 1358 . Link: [http://www.iranpressnews.com/source/009122.htm See second paragraph] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20060509205414/http://www.iranpressnews.com/source/009122.htm |date=2006-05-09}} {{in lang|fa}}</ref> ইৰাণ–ইৰাক যুদ্ধৰ সময়তো এই ধাৰা অব্যাহত আছিল। ২০০৫ চনৰ নৱেম্বৰ মাহত ড° ফাৰাজী-ডানাৰ ঠাইত এজন ধৰ্মগুৰুৱে তেহৰাণ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ চ্যান্সেলৰৰ দায়িত্ব লয়। ইৰাণৰ ইতিহাসত প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে কোনো ডাঙৰ শিক্ষানুষ্ঠানৰ নেতৃত্বত পৰম্পৰাগত শিক্ষাবিদসকলৰ ওপৰত এজন ধৰ্মগুৰুক আধিপত্য বিস্তাৰ কৰা হৈছিল। তেওঁ অৱশ্যে কেইবাখনো গ্ৰন্থৰ ৰচনা কৰিছে আৰু ইছলামিক ন্যায়বিজ্ঞানৰ বিশেষজ্ঞ হিচাপে বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ আইন বিদ্যালয়তো অধ্যাপনা কৰিছে।<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/iran/story/2005/11/051125_mf_amid.shtml |title=نخستين رئيس روحانی برای دانشگاه تهران |publisher=BBC News |access-date=2011-10-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419062431/http://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/iran/story/2005/11/051125_mf_amid.shtml |archive-date=2012-04-19 |url-status=live }}</ref> এই দেশসমূহত একাডেমীৰ গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ পদবীত থকা ইৰাণৰ বিভাগীয় মুৰব্বী আৰু পৰিচালকৰ দীঘলীয়া তালিকাখন নিঃসন্দেহে এই বাস্তৱতাৰ এক শক্তিশালী সূচক। ইৰাণৰপৰা অহা মগজুৰ নিষ্কাশন ঘৰুৱা আৰু আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় পৰ্যায়ত সংবাদ মাধ্যমত আলোচনাৰ এক উত্তপ্ত বিষয় হৈ পৰিছে।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.payvand.com/news/01/may/1010.html|title=220,000 academics leave Iran in one year, brain drain rising - Moin warns|work=Payvand|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080409015930/http://www.payvand.com/news/01/may/1010.html|archive-date=2008-04-09|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iranian.ws/cgi-bin/iran_news/exec/view.cgi/2/3811|title=iranian.ws -&nbsp; Iranian Resources and Information.|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304031249/http://www.iranian.ws/cgi-bin/iran_news/exec/view.cgi/2/3811|archive-date=2016-03-04|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iranian.com/Opinion/2002/August/Brain/|title=THE IRANIAN: Brain drain, Ahmad Anvari|publisher=iranian.com|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071117034236/http://www.iranian.com/Opinion/2002/August/Brain/|archive-date=2007-11-17|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iranian.com/Opinion/2002/October/Brain/|title=THE IRANIAN: Brain drain, Mohammad Ala|publisher=iranian.com|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071117034245/http://www.iranian.com/Opinion/2002/October/Brain/|archive-date=2007-11-17|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.scidev.net/News/index.cfm?fuseaction=readNews&itemid=1485&language=1|title=Science & technology for global development news & analysis|publisher=SciDev.Net|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071117163807/http://www.scidev.net/News/index.cfm?fuseaction=readNews&itemid=1485&language=1|archive-date=2007-11-17|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parapundit.com/archives/002003.html|title=ParaPundit: Iran Has Highest Rate Of Emigration Brain Drain|work=parapundit.com|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080808120419/http://www.parapundit.com/archives/002003.html|archive-date=2008-08-08|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/1051803.html|title=Iran: Coping With The World's Highest Rate Of Brain Drain|newspaper=RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080413221553/http://www.rferl.org/featuresarticle/2004/03/c655d456-07df-405a-8fe9-aad51173bd66.html|archive-date=2008-04-13|url-status=live |last1=Esfandiari |first1=Golnaz }}</ref> কিছুমানে পৰিস্থিতিৰ বাবে সীমিত নিয়োগৰ সুযোগ বা দুৰ্বল শ্ৰম বজাৰ (যিটো বহুতে পশ্চিমীয়া অৰ্থনৈতিক নিষেধাজ্ঞাৰ বাবে দোষাৰোপ কৰে); আন কিছুমানে দেশৰ ক্ৰমান্বয়ে বাধাপ্ৰাপ্ত আৰু স্তব্ধ হৈ পৰা সামাজিক ব্যৱস্থাক দোষাৰোপ কৰে। এই পৰিস্থিতিৰ চিন হিচাপে ২০০৬ চনত তেতিয়াৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰপতি মাহমুদ আহমদিনেজাদে দেশৰ সকলো বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়কে তেওঁ "উদাৰ আৰু ধৰ্মনিৰপেক্ষ প্ৰভাৱ" বুলি কোৱাৰপৰা সম্পূৰ্ণৰূপে মুক্ত কৰাৰ প্ৰতিশ্ৰুতি দিয়ে।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/6196069.stm|publisher=BBC|title=Mass purges at Iran universities|first=Frances|last=Harrison|date=20 December 2006 |author-link=Frances Harrison|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080407005558/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/6196069.stm|archive-date=2008-04-07|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2006/sep/06/highereducation.iran|work=The Guardian|title=Iranian president calls for purge of liberal lecturers|first=Robert|last=Tait|date=September 6, 2006|access-date=April 22, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080907083349/http://education.guardian.co.uk/higher/worldwide/story/0,,1865731,00.html|archive-date=September 7, 2008|url-status=live}}</ref> ২০০৬ চনৰ জানুৱাৰী মাহত প্ৰকাশিত ''দ্য ৱাশ্বিংটন প্ৰিজম''ত প্ৰকাশিত এক প্ৰতিৱেদনত দাবী কৰা হৈছে যে আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় মুদ্ৰা নিধি (IMF)-এ ইৰাণক উন্নয়নশীল দেশসমূহৰ ভিতৰত "মগজুৰ নিষ্কাশন"ৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত শীৰ্ষ দেশ হিচাপে স্থান দিছে; তেওঁলোকৰ অনুমান অনুসৰি প্ৰায় ১ লাখ ৮০ হাজাৰ লোকে ইৰাণ এৰি গৈছে।<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.washingtonprism.org/showarticle.cfm?id=213 |title=Washington Prism |publisher=Washington Prism |access-date=2011-10-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080406030207/http://www.washingtonprism.org/showarticle.cfm?id=213 |archive-date=2008-04-06 |url-status=dead }}</ref> অৱশ্যে ইছলামিক ৰিপাব্লিক নিউজ এজেন্সীৰ এক প্ৰতিৱেদনত এই সংখ্যা ২ লাখ বুলি কোৱা হৈছে। ইৰাণৰ সংস্কৃতি আৰু উচ্চ শিক্ষা মন্ত্ৰ্যালয়ৰ মতে বৰ্তমান প্ৰায় ৫০,০০০ ইৰাণী ছাত্ৰ-ছাত্ৰীয়ে বিদেশত অধ্যয়ন কৰি আছে।<ref name="Iranian Embassy in Oslo">{{cite web|title=Education System in Iran|url=http://www.iran-embassy-oslo.no/embassy/educat.htm|publisher=Iranian Embassy in Oslo|access-date=7 May 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090609234100/http://www.iran-embassy-oslo.no/embassy/educat.htm|archive-date=9 June 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==ধাৰা ওলোটাই অনাৰ প্ৰচেষ্টা== শেহতীয়া বছৰবোৰত শিক্ষাবিদ আৰু উচ্চ দক্ষতাসম্পন্ন শ্ৰমিকসকলক কৰ্মসংস্থাপন আৰু গৱেষণাৰ সুযোগ প্ৰদান কৰি মগজু নিষ্কাশণ তথা মানৱ সম্পদৰ বহিঃপ্ৰৱাহৰ ৰোধৰ বাবে কেইবাটাও পদক্ষেপ গ্ৰহণ কৰা হৈছে। ২০০৩ চনৰ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী মাহত ইৰাণত বিজ্ঞান আৰু প্ৰযুক্তিবিদ্যাৰ প্ৰসাৰৰ বাবে আৰু গৱেষণা আৰু উন্নয়নত নিয়োজিত লোকসকলক উপকৃত কৰিবলৈ ইৰাণৰ নেচনেল ছায়েন্স ফাউণ্ডেশ্যন স্থাপন কৰা হয়। বিজ্ঞান আৰু প্ৰযুক্তিবিদ্যাত কাম কৰা ইৰাণীসকলৰ সুবিধাৰ্থে স্থাপন কৰা আন এটা প্ৰতিষ্ঠান হৈছে ইৰাণৰ নেচনেল জিনিয়াছ ফাউণ্ডেশ্যন।<ref>{{Cite web |title=.: بنیاد ملی نخبگان |url=http://www.bonyad-nokhbegan.ir/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080423102932/http://www.bonyad-nokhbegan.ir/ |archive-date=2008-04-23 |access-date=2008-04-22}}</ref> ইৰাণে স্নাতক অভিলেখ বিধেয়ক উত্থাপন কৰি মগজু নিষ্কাশণ তথা বহিঃপ্ৰৱাহ ৰোধ কৰাৰ চেষ্টা কৰিছে; এই বিধেয়কখনে স্নাতক পৰ্যায়ত শিক্ষাৰ আন্তৰ্জাতিককৰণ আৰু সম্প্ৰসাৰণৰ আহ্বান জনাইছে, যাৰ ফলত স্নাতকসকলৰ সংখ্যা বৃদ্ধি পাব। <ref>{{cite book |url=http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=12185&page=25 |title=Science and Technology and the Future Development of Societies: International Workshop Proceedings |publisher=Nap.edu |date=2007-02-11 |doi=10.17226/12185 |isbn=978-0-309-11927-6 |access-date=2011-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121016082426/http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=12185&page=25 |archive-date=2012-10-16 |url-status=live }}</ref> ==তথ্যৰ উৎস== {{reflist}} ==অধিক পঢ়ক== *{{cite journal|title=The brain drain from Iran to the United States|first=Akbar E|last=Torbat|journal=Middle East Journal|pages=272–295|date=Spring 2002|volume=56|issue=2}} *Migration Information: {{cite web|url=http://www.migrationinformation.org/Profiles/display.cfm?ID=424|title=Iran: A Vast Diaspora Abroad and Millions of Refugees at Home|work=migrationpolicy.org|access-date=2008-12-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140215052030/http://migrationinformation.org/Profiles/display.cfm?ID=424|archive-date=2014-02-15|url-status=live}} *UCSC Study: {{Cite web |url=http://users.soe.ucsc.edu/~daraei/files/BrainDrain.jpg |title=Baskin School of Engineering – Baskin Engineering provides unique educational opportunities, world-class research with an eye to social responsibility and diversity |access-date=2014-01-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140110001124/http://users.soe.ucsc.edu/~daraei/files/BrainDrain.jpg |archive-date=2014-01-10 |url-status=live }} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== *[https://web.archive.org/web/20100525045858/http://www.g15.org/workingpaper5.pdf International Migration, Remittances and the Brain Drain] in [[Group of 15]] Countries [[শ্ৰেণী:ইৰান]] omkju39m3825gnvre1hj1gkb96hr5kw 605905 605904 2026-05-11T18:05:55Z নৰুনা বৰুৱা 44897 [[ৱিকিপিডিয়া:লাচিত বৰ্ণাশুদ্ধি নিবাৰক|লাচিত বৰ্ণাশুদ্ধি নিবাৰকৰ]] সহায়ত বৰ্ণাশুদ্ধি নিবাৰণ কৰা হ’ল। 605905 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Emigration of highly educated people from Iran}} '''ইৰাণৰপৰা মানৱ মূলধনৰ বহিঃপ্ৰৱাহ''' ১৯৭৯ চনৰ ইছলামিক বিপ্লৱৰ পিছৰেপৰা [[ইৰান]]ৰপৰা মানৱ পুঁজিৰ বহিঃপ্ৰৱাহ এক উল্লেখযোগ্য পৰিঘটনা।<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mahmoudi |first=Hassan |date=2021-04-21 |title=Iran Loses Highly Educated and Skilled Citizens during Long-Running "Brain Drain" |url=https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/iran-brain-drain-emigration |access-date=2022-03-20 |website=migrationpolicy.org |language=en}}</ref> ১৯৯০ চনৰ আৰম্ভণিতে প্ৰতি বছৰে ১ লাখ ৫০ হাজাৰতকৈ অধিক ইৰাণীয়ে ইছলামিক গণৰাজ্য এৰি থৈ যায় <ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/1999/06/carringt.htm|title=IMF research economist Enrica Detragiache and U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics economist William J. Carrington in the IMF's quarterly magazine, ''Finance and Development'' (v. 36, n. 2 (July 1999)|access-date=2011-12-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090831103411/http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/1999/06/carringt.htm|archive-date=2009-08-31|url-status=live}}</ref> আৰু সেই সময়ত উচ্চতৰ মাধ্যমিক শিক্ষা গ্ৰহণ কৰা সকলো ইৰাণীৰ অনুমাণিক ২৫ শতাংশই বিদেশত অ'ইচিডিৰ মানদণ্ডৰ উন্নত দেশত বাস কৰিছিল।<ref name="auto"/><ref name="RFERLclarif">{{cite web |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/1342682.html |title=Clarification On The 'Brain Drain.' |publisher=Rferl.org |date=2004-04-12 |access-date=2011-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110526124322/http://www.rferl.org/content/article/1342682.html |archive-date=2011-05-26 |url-status=live }}</ref> ২০০৯ চনৰ আই এম এফৰ প্ৰতিৱেদনত কোৱা হৈছে যে ইৰাণ শৈক্ষিক অভিজাত শ্ৰেণী হেৰুৱাই পেলোৱা দেশসমূহৰ তালিকাৰ শীৰ্ষত আছে; ই ১৫০,০০০ৰপৰা ১ লাখ ৮০,০০০ ভিতৰত বিশেষজ্ঞ হেৰুৱাইছিল। যিটো মোটামুটিভাৱে যথেষ্ট মূলধনী লোকচানৰ সমতুল্য। .<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.payvand.com/news/12/may/1297.html|title=Iran Faced With Growing Brain Drain: Report|work=payvand.com|access-date=2012-06-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170425200026/http://www.payvand.com/news/12/may/1297.html|archive-date=2017-04-25|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="PRB">{{cite web |url=http://www.prb.org/Articles/2004/IranFacesPressuretoProvideJobsAddressHealthDisparities.aspx |title=Iran Faces Pressure to Provide Jobs, Address Health Disparities by Yvette Collymore |publisher=Prb.org |date=2004-09-07 |access-date=2011-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120920043819/http://www.prb.org/Articles/2004/IranFacesPressuretoProvideJobsAddressHealthDisparities.aspx |archive-date=2012-09-20 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Frances |last=Harrison |title=Huge cost of Iranian brain drain |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/6240287.stm |publisher=BBC News |date=2007-01-08 |access-date=2007-01-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070109193238/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/6240287.stm |archive-date=2007-01-09 |url-status=live }}</ref> ইয়াৰ উপৰি ২০০৯ চনৰ ইৰাণৰ নিৰ্বাচনী প্ৰতিবাদৰ পিছত ৰাজনৈতিক দমনৰ ফলত ইৰাণৰ বুদ্ধিজীৱীসকলৰ গণ পলায়ন ঘটে, যাক "ক্ৰমবৰ্ধমান শৰণাৰ্থী পলায়ন" বুলি বৰ্ণনা কৰা হয়।<ref>"Iran's refugee exodus is exacerbating a brain drain that has stunted the country's development for years." [https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB126049484505086861?mod=rss_Today's_Most_Popular Thousands Flee Iran as Noose Tightens] DECEMBER 11, 2009</ref> ইয়াৰ উপৰি আমেৰিকাৰ কেন্দ্ৰীয় চোৰাংচোৱা সংস্থাই (CIA) "ব্ৰেইনড্ৰেইন প্ৰজেক্ট" নামৰ এক গোপন অভিযান চলাই আছে বুলিও বাতৰি প্ৰকাশ পাইছে, যাৰ লক্ষ্য হৈছে ইৰাণৰ পাৰমাণৱিক বিশেষজ্ঞসকলক নিজৰ পক্ষলৈ আকৰ্ষণ কৰা, যাৰ ফলত ইৰাণৰ পাৰমাণৱিক কাৰ্যসূচী দুৰ্বল হৈ পৰিছে। <ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/11/world/middleeast/11assess.html?src=mv | work=The New York Times | title=Beyond Iran Sanctions, Plans B, C, D and | first=David E. | last=Sanger | date=June 10, 2010 | access-date=February 24, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160725104855/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/11/world/middleeast/11assess.html?src=mv | archive-date=July 25, 2016 | url-status=live }}</ref> ২০২৪ চনৰ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী মাহত ইৰাণ চৰকাৰে শিক্ষিত ব্যক্তিৰ প্ৰব্ৰজন ৰোধৰ বাবে প্ৰচেষ্টা আৰম্ভ কৰে, য’ত চোৰাংচোৱাগিৰি বৃদ্ধি আৰু মানুহৰ চলাচলত সম্ভাৱ্য বাধা আৰোপ কৰা হয়। <ref>{{cite web | last1=فردا | first1=رادیو | url=https://www.radiofarda.com/a/32827133.html | title=برخورد با دفاتر مهاجرتی برای جلوگیری از مهاجرت بیشتر نخبگان از ایران | work=رادیو فردا }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://ir.voanews.com/a/security-view-of-the-islamic-republic-on-the-migration-of-elites/7494624.html | title=همکاری بنیاد نخبگان و پلیس گذرنامه؛ مهاجرت هم امنیتی شد | date=20 February 2024 }}</ref> ==পটভূমি== ২০০৩ চনত [[ইৰাণ]]ৰ উন্নয়নৰ ওপৰত [[ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘ]]ৰ 'সাধাৰণ দেশৰ মূল্যায়ন' অনুসৰি ১৯৯১ চনৰপৰা ১৯৯৯ চনৰ ভিতৰত ইৰাণত চাকৰি সৃষ্টিৰ ফলত "শ্ৰম বজাৰত প্ৰৱেশ কৰা লোকসকলৰ ৬০ শতাংশতকৈও কম লোকে কৰ্মসংস্থাপন লাভ কৰিছিল।" <ref name="PRB"/> কেন্দ্ৰীয় চোৰাংচোৱা সংস্থাই অনুমান কৰিছে যে ১৫ বছৰ আৰু তাতকৈ অধিক বয়সৰ ৫ কোটি ১০ লাখ ইৰাণীৰ ভিতৰত ৭৭ শতাংশই পঢ়িব আৰু লিখিব পাৰে।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/iran/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110162554/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/iran |url-status=dead |archive-date=10 January 2021 |title=World Factbook, Iran |publisher=Cia.gov |access-date=2011-03-31 }}</ref> এই জনসংখ্যাৰ এটা বৃহৎ অংশ কলেজ পৰ্যায়ত আছে বা ইয়াৰ কাষ চাপিছে। ইৰাণত 'মগজুৰ নিষ্কাশন'ৰ কাৰণসমূহ হ'ল: "বিদেশত অৰ্থনৈতিক সমৃদ্ধি আৰু উন্নত শিক্ষাৰ সুযোগ। দেশখনে নিজৰ নাগৰিকৰ প্ৰয়োজনীয়তা পূৰণ কৰিব নোৱাৰাৰ লগতে নিবনুৱা সমস্যাৰ উচ্চ হাৰ আৰু বৌদ্ধিক আৰু সামাজিক সুৰক্ষাৰ সাধাৰণ অভাৱ। এই সকলোবোৰ কাৰকে মগজুৰ নিষ্কাশনত অৰিহণা যোগায়। ইয়াৰ উপৰি ইৰানত থকা 'আত্ম-চেন্সৰশ্বিপ'এ মানুহক মুক্তভাৱে চিন্তা আৰু লিখাত বাধা প্ৰদান কৰে।" ই এনে এক বাধা যিয়ে বৈজ্ঞানিক আৰু সমাজ বিজ্ঞান দুয়োটাতে গৱেষণাক অত্যন্ত কঠিন কৰি তোলে।" <ref name="Hakimzadeh">{{cite web |url=http://www.migrationinformation.org/Profiles/display.cfm?ID=424 |title=Iran: A Vast Diaspora Abroad and Millions of Refugees at Home By Shirin Hakimzadeh |publisher=Migrationinformation.org |access-date=2011-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140215052030/http://migrationinformation.org/Profiles/display.cfm?ID=424 |archive-date=2014-02-15 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[ইৰান]]ত বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ আসনৰ বাবে হোৱা তীব্ৰ প্ৰতিদ্বন্দ্বিতাও ইয়াত গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ ভূমিকা পালন কৰে। প্ৰতি বছৰে পৰীক্ষা দিয়া প্ৰায় ১৫ লাখ লোকৰ ভিতৰত মাত্ৰ ১১ শতাংশইহে বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ত নামভৰ্তি কৰে। স্নাতক ডিগ্ৰী লাভ কৰাৰ পাছতো যুৱক-যুৱতীসকলে দেখিবলৈ পায় যে উপলব্ধ চাকৰিৰ সংখ্যা অতি কম। চৰকাৰী পৰিসংখ্যা অনুসৰি প্ৰতি বছৰে শ্ৰম বজাৰত প্ৰৱেশ কৰা ২ লাখ ৭০ হাজাৰ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ স্নাতক ছাত্ৰৰ ভিতৰত মাত্ৰ প্ৰায় ৭৫ হাজাৰ লোকেহে চাকৰি পাবলৈ সক্ষম হয়। ‘মানৱ পুঁজি’ৰ এই পলায়নে প্ৰতি বছৰে চৰকাৰৰ ৩৮ বিলিয়ন ডলাৰতকৈ অধিক খৰচ কৰে তেল বিক্ৰীৰপৰা পোৱা ৰাজহৰ দুগুণ। ‘পঞ্চবছৰীয়া উন্নয়ন পৰিকল্পনা’ৰ বিধানৰ অধীনত দেশে নিবনুৱা জনসাধাৰণৰ বাবে কৰ্মসংস্থাপনৰ সুযোগ সৃষ্টি কৰিবলৈ চেষ্টা কৰিছে; কিন্তু এই প্ৰচেষ্টাসমূহৰ ফল এতিয়াও সাফল্যমণ্ডিত হোৱা নাই। ফলত দেশখনে ইয়াৰ 'শিক্ষিত প্ৰবাসী সম্প্ৰদায়'ৰপৰাও লাভৱান হ'ব নোৱাৰে বা দেশত উপস্থিত নিবনুৱা বিশেষজ্ঞৰ পুলৰপৰাও লাভৱান হ'ব নোৱাৰে।" <ref name="Hakimzadeh"/> ==ইতিহাস== এটা সূত্ৰৰ মতে,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hakimzadeh |first=Shirin |date=2006-09-01 |title=Iran: A Vast Diaspora Abroad and Millions of Refugees at Home |url=https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/iran-vast-diaspora-abroad-and-millions-refugees-home |access-date=2023-01-04 |website=migrationpolicy.org |language=en}}</ref> ইৰাণৰপৰা প্ৰব্ৰজন আৰম্ভ হৈছিল ইৰাণ-ইৰাক যুদ্ধৰ বাবে সৈনিক নিযুক্তিৰপৰা। চৰকাৰক নতুন সৈনিকৰ প্ৰয়োজন আছিল আৰু সেই সৈন্যসকলৰ মাজত মৃত্যুৰ হাৰ অধিক হোৱাৰ বাবে নিযুক্তি পোৱা ইৰাণী পুৰুষসকলক আন দেশলৈ পলায়ন কৰিবলৈ বাধ্য কৰাইছিল। আন এটা সম্ভাৱ্য কাৰণ হ’ব পাৰে ১৯৭৯ চনৰ ইছলামিক বিপ্লৱৰ পিছত হোৱা ইৰাণৰ সাংস্কৃতিক বিপ্লৱ। ১৯৮০ চনৰ ১২ জুনত সাংস্কৃতিক বিপ্লৱে ইৰাণৰ উচ্চ শিক্ষা-ব্যৱস্থাক বৃহৎ সংস্কাৰ কৰাৰ প্ৰয়াসত এবছৰতকৈও অধিক সময় বন্ধ কৰি দিছিল। তথাপি শিক্ষিত ইৰাণীসকলে বিদেশলৈ প্ৰব্ৰজন কৰাৰ বিষয়টো ১৯৮০ চনৰ ৩১ অক্টোবৰতহে আলোচনা কৰা হৈছিল, যেতিয়া ইৰাণৰ বিপ্লৱী নেতা [[ৰুহোল্লাহ খোমেইনী]]য়ে ইয়াৰ গুৰুত্বক তুচ্ছজ্ঞান কৰিছিল: :''" মানুহে কয় "ব্ৰেইনৱাছিং।" এই পচি যোৱা মগজুবোৰ সাৰি যাওক। তেওঁলোকৰ বাবে শোক নকৰিবা; তেওঁলোকে জীৱনৰ নিজৰ সংজ্ঞা সৃষ্টি কৰক। প্ৰতিটো মগজু—যিটোক আপুনি "বিজ্ঞান" বুলি কয়—সন্মানৰ যোগ্য নেকি? পলাই যোৱাসকলৰ বাবে আমি বহি শোক কৰা উচিত নেকি? এই মগজুবোৰ আমেৰিকা আৰু ব্ৰিটেইনলৈ পলায়ন কৰাৰ বাবে আমি চিন্তা কৰা উচিত নেকি? এই মগজুবোৰ পলাওক, আৰু অধিক যোগ্য মগজুৱে ইয়াৰ ঠাই ল’ব। এতিয়া যেতিয়া তেওঁলোকে (ইছলামিক ৰিপাব্লিকে) পাৰ্জ চলাইছে, তেতিয়া আপুনি কিয় বিচলিত হৈছে, কিয় মানুহক হত্যা কৰিছে? আনকি এই বিপথে পৰিচালিত লোকসকলৰ পচি যোৱা মগজুৰ বিষয়েও কিয় আলোচনা কৰিছে? ইছলামক কিয় প্ৰশ্ন কৰিছে? পলায়ন কৰিছে নেকি? সিহঁতক যাবলৈ দিয়ক। সিহঁতক পলাবলৈ দিয়ক। তেওঁলোক বৈজ্ঞানিক মগজু নাছিল। সেইটোৱেই ভাল। চিন্তা নকৰিব। মাত্ৰ পলাব লাগে। [ইৰাণ] এতিয়া তেওঁলোকৰ বাসস্থান নহয়। এই বিপথে পৰিচালিত মগজুবোৰৰ আমাৰ কোনো কাম নাই। সিহঁতক পলাবলৈ দিয়ক। যদি আপুনি এই ঠাইখন আপোনাৰ থাকিবলৈ নহয় বুলি ভাবে, তেন্তে আপুনিও পলাই যোৱা উচিত। T "''<ref>Interview with [[Ettelaat]] newspaper, آیت الله روح الله خمینی در ملاقات با اعضای کمیته امداد روزنامه اطلاعات، 9 آبان ماه 1358 . Link: [http://www.iranpressnews.com/source/009122.htm See second paragraph] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20060509205414/http://www.iranpressnews.com/source/009122.htm |date=2006-05-09}} {{in lang|fa}}</ref> ইৰাণ–ইৰাক যুদ্ধৰ সময়তো এই ধাৰা অব্যাহত আছিল। ২০০৫ চনৰ নৱেম্বৰ মাহত ড° ফাৰাজী-ডানাৰ ঠাইত এজন ধৰ্মগুৰুৱে তেহৰাণ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ চ্যান্সেলৰৰ দায়িত্ব লয়। ইৰাণৰ ইতিহাসত প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে কোনো ডাঙৰ শিক্ষানুষ্ঠানৰ নেতৃত্বত পৰম্পৰাগত শিক্ষাবিদসকলৰ ওপৰত এজন ধৰ্মগুৰুক আধিপত্য বিস্তাৰ কৰা হৈছিল। তেওঁ অৱশ্যে কেইবাখনো গ্ৰন্থৰ ৰচনা কৰিছে আৰু ইছলামিক ন্যায়বিজ্ঞানৰ বিশেষজ্ঞ হিচাপে বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ আইন বিদ্যালয়তো অধ্যাপনা কৰিছে।<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/iran/story/2005/11/051125_mf_amid.shtml |title=نخستين رئيس روحانی برای دانشگاه تهران |publisher=BBC News |access-date=2011-10-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419062431/http://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/iran/story/2005/11/051125_mf_amid.shtml |archive-date=2012-04-19 |url-status=live }}</ref> এই দেশসমূহত একাডেমীৰ গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ পদবীত থকা ইৰাণৰ বিভাগীয় মুৰব্বী আৰু পৰিচালকৰ দীঘলীয়া তালিকাখন নিঃসন্দেহে এই বাস্তৱতাৰ এক শক্তিশালী সূচক। ইৰাণৰপৰা অহা মগজুৰ নিষ্কাশন ঘৰুৱা আৰু আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় পৰ্যায়ত সংবাদ মাধ্যমত আলোচনাৰ এক উত্তপ্ত বিষয় হৈ পৰিছে।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.payvand.com/news/01/may/1010.html|title=220,000 academics leave Iran in one year, brain drain rising - Moin warns|work=Payvand|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080409015930/http://www.payvand.com/news/01/may/1010.html|archive-date=2008-04-09|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iranian.ws/cgi-bin/iran_news/exec/view.cgi/2/3811|title=iranian.ws -&nbsp; Iranian Resources and Information.|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304031249/http://www.iranian.ws/cgi-bin/iran_news/exec/view.cgi/2/3811|archive-date=2016-03-04|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iranian.com/Opinion/2002/August/Brain/|title=THE IRANIAN: Brain drain, Ahmad Anvari|publisher=iranian.com|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071117034236/http://www.iranian.com/Opinion/2002/August/Brain/|archive-date=2007-11-17|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iranian.com/Opinion/2002/October/Brain/|title=THE IRANIAN: Brain drain, Mohammad Ala|publisher=iranian.com|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071117034245/http://www.iranian.com/Opinion/2002/October/Brain/|archive-date=2007-11-17|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.scidev.net/News/index.cfm?fuseaction=readNews&itemid=1485&language=1|title=Science & technology for global development news & analysis|publisher=SciDev.Net|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071117163807/http://www.scidev.net/News/index.cfm?fuseaction=readNews&itemid=1485&language=1|archive-date=2007-11-17|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parapundit.com/archives/002003.html|title=ParaPundit: Iran Has Highest Rate Of Emigration Brain Drain|work=parapundit.com|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080808120419/http://www.parapundit.com/archives/002003.html|archive-date=2008-08-08|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/1051803.html|title=Iran: Coping With The World's Highest Rate Of Brain Drain|newspaper=RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080413221553/http://www.rferl.org/featuresarticle/2004/03/c655d456-07df-405a-8fe9-aad51173bd66.html|archive-date=2008-04-13|url-status=live |last1=Esfandiari |first1=Golnaz }}</ref> কিছুমানে পৰিস্থিতিৰ বাবে সীমিত নিয়োগৰ সুযোগ বা দুৰ্বল শ্ৰম বজাৰ (যিটো বহুতে পশ্চিমীয়া অৰ্থনৈতিক নিষেধাজ্ঞাৰ বাবে দোষাৰোপ কৰে); আন কিছুমানে দেশৰ ক্ৰমান্বয়ে বাধাপ্ৰাপ্ত আৰু স্তব্ধ হৈ পৰা সামাজিক ব্যৱস্থাক দোষাৰোপ কৰে। এই পৰিস্থিতিৰ চিন হিচাপে ২০০৬ চনত তেতিয়াৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰপতি মাহমুদ আহমদিনেজাদে দেশৰ সকলো বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়কে তেওঁ "উদাৰ আৰু ধৰ্মনিৰপেক্ষ প্ৰভাৱ" বুলি কোৱাৰপৰা সম্পূৰ্ণৰূপে মুক্ত কৰাৰ প্ৰতিশ্ৰুতি দিয়ে।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/6196069.stm|publisher=BBC|title=Mass purges at Iran universities|first=Frances|last=Harrison|date=20 December 2006 |author-link=Frances Harrison|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080407005558/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/6196069.stm|archive-date=2008-04-07|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2006/sep/06/highereducation.iran|work=The Guardian|title=Iranian president calls for purge of liberal lecturers|first=Robert|last=Tait|date=September 6, 2006|access-date=April 22, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080907083349/http://education.guardian.co.uk/higher/worldwide/story/0,,1865731,00.html|archive-date=September 7, 2008|url-status=live}}</ref> ২০০৬ চনৰ জানুৱাৰী মাহত প্ৰকাশিত ''দ্য ৱাশ্বিংটন প্ৰিজম''ত প্ৰকাশিত এক প্ৰতিৱেদনত দাবী কৰা হৈছে যে আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় মুদ্ৰা নিধি (IMF)-এ ইৰাণক উন্নয়নশীল দেশসমূহৰ ভিতৰত "মগজুৰ নিষ্কাশন"ৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত শীৰ্ষ দেশ হিচাপে স্থান দিছে; তেওঁলোকৰ অনুমান অনুসৰি প্ৰায় ১ লাখ ৮০ হাজাৰ লোকে ইৰাণ এৰি গৈছে।<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.washingtonprism.org/showarticle.cfm?id=213 |title=Washington Prism |publisher=Washington Prism |access-date=2011-10-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080406030207/http://www.washingtonprism.org/showarticle.cfm?id=213 |archive-date=2008-04-06 |url-status=dead }}</ref> অৱশ্যে ইছলামিক ৰিপাব্লিক নিউজ এজেন্সীৰ এক প্ৰতিৱেদনত এই সংখ্যা ২ লাখ বুলি কোৱা হৈছে। ইৰাণৰ সংস্কৃতি আৰু উচ্চ শিক্ষা মন্ত্ৰ্যালয়ৰ মতে বৰ্তমান প্ৰায় ৫০,০০০ ইৰাণী ছাত্ৰ-ছাত্ৰীয়ে বিদেশত অধ্যয়ন কৰি আছে।<ref name="Iranian Embassy in Oslo">{{cite web|title=Education System in Iran|url=http://www.iran-embassy-oslo.no/embassy/educat.htm|publisher=Iranian Embassy in Oslo|access-date=7 May 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090609234100/http://www.iran-embassy-oslo.no/embassy/educat.htm|archive-date=9 June 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==ধাৰা ওলোটাই অনাৰ প্ৰচেষ্টা== শেহতীয়া বছৰবোৰত শিক্ষাবিদ আৰু উচ্চ দক্ষতাসম্পন্ন শ্ৰমিকসকলক কৰ্মসংস্থাপন আৰু গৱেষণাৰ সুযোগ প্ৰদান কৰি মগজু নিষ্কাশণ তথা মানৱ সম্পদৰ বহিঃপ্ৰৱাহৰ ৰোধৰ বাবে কেইবাটাও পদক্ষেপ গ্ৰহণ কৰা হৈছে। ২০০৩ চনৰ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী মাহত ইৰাণত বিজ্ঞান আৰু প্ৰযুক্তিবিদ্যাৰ প্ৰসাৰৰ বাবে আৰু গৱেষণা আৰু উন্নয়নত নিয়োজিত লোকসকলক উপকৃত কৰিবলৈ ইৰাণৰ নেচনেল ছায়েন্স ফাউণ্ডেশ্যন স্থাপন কৰা হয়। বিজ্ঞান আৰু প্ৰযুক্তিবিদ্যাত কাম কৰা ইৰাণীসকলৰ সুবিধাৰ্থে স্থাপন কৰা আন এটা প্ৰতিষ্ঠান হৈছে ইৰাণৰ নেচনেল জিনিয়াছ ফাউণ্ডেশ্যন।<ref>{{Cite web |title=.: بنیاد ملی نخبگان |url=http://www.bonyad-nokhbegan.ir/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080423102932/http://www.bonyad-nokhbegan.ir/ |archive-date=2008-04-23 |access-date=2008-04-22}}</ref> ইৰাণে স্নাতক অভিলেখ বিধেয়ক উত্থাপন কৰি মগজু নিষ্কাশণ তথা বহিঃপ্ৰৱাহ ৰোধ কৰাৰ চেষ্টা কৰিছে; এই বিধেয়কখনে স্নাতক পৰ্যায়ত শিক্ষাৰ আন্তৰ্জাতিককৰণ আৰু সম্প্ৰসাৰণৰ আহ্বান জনাইছে, যাৰ ফলত স্নাতকসকলৰ সংখ্যা বৃদ্ধি পাব। <ref>{{cite book |url=http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=12185&page=25 |title=Science and Technology and the Future Development of Societies: International Workshop Proceedings |publisher=Nap.edu |date=2007-02-11 |doi=10.17226/12185 |isbn=978-0-309-11927-6 |access-date=2011-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121016082426/http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=12185&page=25 |archive-date=2012-10-16 |url-status=live }}</ref> ==তথ্যৰ উৎস== {{reflist}} ==অধিক পঢ়ক== *{{cite journal|title=The brain drain from Iran to the United States|first=Akbar E|last=Torbat|journal=Middle East Journal|pages=272–295|date=Spring 2002|volume=56|issue=2}} *Migration Information: {{cite web|url=http://www.migrationinformation.org/Profiles/display.cfm?ID=424|title=Iran: A Vast Diaspora Abroad and Millions of Refugees at Home|work=migrationpolicy.org|access-date=2008-12-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140215052030/http://migrationinformation.org/Profiles/display.cfm?ID=424|archive-date=2014-02-15|url-status=live}} *UCSC Study: {{Cite web |url=http://users.soe.ucsc.edu/~daraei/files/BrainDrain.jpg |title=Baskin School of Engineering – Baskin Engineering provides unique educational opportunities, world-class research with an eye to social responsibility and diversity |access-date=2014-01-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140110001124/http://users.soe.ucsc.edu/~daraei/files/BrainDrain.jpg |archive-date=2014-01-10 |url-status=live }} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== *[https://web.archive.org/web/20100525045858/http://www.g15.org/workingpaper5.pdf International Migration, Remittances and the Brain Drain] in [[Group of 15]] Countries [[শ্ৰেণী:ইৰান]] an05i6rlb7k5inz1vw9swujerypwkb3 605916 605905 2026-05-11T23:37:33Z নৰুনা বৰুৱা 44897 605916 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Emigration of highly educated people from Iran}} '''ইৰাণৰপৰা মানৱ মূলধনৰ বহিঃপ্ৰৱাহ''' ১৯৭৯ চনৰ ইছলামিক বিপ্লৱৰ পিছৰেপৰা [[ইৰান]]ৰপৰা মানৱ পুঁজিৰ বহিঃপ্ৰৱাহ এক উল্লেখযোগ্য পৰিঘটনা।<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mahmoudi |first=Hassan |date=2021-04-21 |title=Iran Loses Highly Educated and Skilled Citizens during Long-Running "Brain Drain" |url=https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/iran-brain-drain-emigration |access-date=2022-03-20 |website=migrationpolicy.org |language=en}}</ref> ১৯৯০ চনৰ আৰম্ভণিতে প্ৰতি বছৰে ১ লাখ ৫০ হাজাৰতকৈ অধিক ইৰাণীয়ে ইছলামিক গণৰাজ্য এৰি থৈ যায় <ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/1999/06/carringt.htm|title=IMF research economist Enrica Detragiache and U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics economist William J. Carrington in the IMF's quarterly magazine, ''Finance and Development'' (v. 36, n. 2 (July 1999)|access-date=2011-12-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090831103411/http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/1999/06/carringt.htm|archive-date=2009-08-31|url-status=live}}</ref> আৰু সেই সময়ত উচ্চতৰ মাধ্যমিক শিক্ষা গ্ৰহণ কৰা সকলো ইৰাণীৰ অনুমাণিক ২৫ শতাংশই বিদেশত অ'ইচিডিৰ মানদণ্ডৰ উন্নত দেশত বাস কৰিছিল।<ref name="auto"/><ref name="RFERLclarif">{{cite web |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/1342682.html |title=Clarification On The 'Brain Drain.' |publisher=Rferl.org |date=2004-04-12 |access-date=2011-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110526124322/http://www.rferl.org/content/article/1342682.html |archive-date=2011-05-26 |url-status=live }}</ref> ২০০৯ চনৰ আই এম এফৰ প্ৰতিৱেদনত কোৱা হৈছে যে ইৰাণ শৈক্ষিক অভিজাত শ্ৰেণী হেৰুৱাই পেলোৱা দেশসমূহৰ তালিকাৰ শীৰ্ষত আছে; ই ১৫০,০০০ৰপৰা ১ লাখ ৮০,০০০ ভিতৰত বিশেষজ্ঞ হেৰুৱাইছিল। যিটো মোটামুটিভাৱে যথেষ্ট মূলধনী লোকচানৰ সমতুল্য। <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.payvand.com/news/12/may/1297.html|title=Iran Faced With Growing Brain Drain: Report|work=payvand.com|access-date=2012-06-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170425200026/http://www.payvand.com/news/12/may/1297.html|archive-date=2017-04-25|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="PRB">{{cite web |url=http://www.prb.org/Articles/2004/IranFacesPressuretoProvideJobsAddressHealthDisparities.aspx |title=Iran Faces Pressure to Provide Jobs, Address Health Disparities by Yvette Collymore |publisher=Prb.org |date=2004-09-07 |access-date=2011-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120920043819/http://www.prb.org/Articles/2004/IranFacesPressuretoProvideJobsAddressHealthDisparities.aspx |archive-date=2012-09-20 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Frances |last=Harrison |title=Huge cost of Iranian brain drain |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/6240287.stm |publisher=BBC News |date=2007-01-08 |access-date=2007-01-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070109193238/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/6240287.stm |archive-date=2007-01-09 |url-status=live }}</ref> ইয়াৰ উপৰি ২০০৯ চনৰ ইৰাণৰ নিৰ্বাচনী প্ৰতিবাদৰ পিছত ৰাজনৈতিক দমনৰ ফলত ইৰাণৰ বুদ্ধিজীৱীসকলৰ গণ পলায়ন ঘটে, যাক "ক্ৰমবৰ্ধমান শৰণাৰ্থী পলায়ন" বুলি বৰ্ণনা কৰা হয়।<ref>"Iran's refugee exodus is exacerbating a brain drain that has stunted the country's development for years." [https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB126049484505086861?mod=rss_Today's_Most_Popular Thousands Flee Iran as Noose Tightens] DECEMBER 11, 2009</ref> ইয়াৰ উপৰি আমেৰিকাৰ কেন্দ্ৰীয় চোৰাংচোৱা সংস্থাই (CIA) "ব্ৰেইনড্ৰেইন প্ৰজেক্ট" নামৰ এক গোপন অভিযান চলাই আছে বুলিও বাতৰি প্ৰকাশ পাইছে, যাৰ লক্ষ্য হৈছে ইৰাণৰ পাৰমাণৱিক বিশেষজ্ঞসকলক নিজৰ পক্ষলৈ আকৰ্ষণ কৰা, যাৰ ফলত ইৰাণৰ পাৰমাণৱিক কাৰ্যসূচী দুৰ্বল হৈ পৰিছে। <ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/11/world/middleeast/11assess.html?src=mv | work=The New York Times | title=Beyond Iran Sanctions, Plans B, C, D and | first=David E. | last=Sanger | date=June 10, 2010 | access-date=February 24, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160725104855/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/11/world/middleeast/11assess.html?src=mv | archive-date=July 25, 2016 | url-status=live }}</ref> ২০২৪ চনৰ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী মাহত ইৰাণ চৰকাৰে শিক্ষিত ব্যক্তিৰ প্ৰব্ৰজন ৰোধৰ বাবে প্ৰচেষ্টা আৰম্ভ কৰে, য’ত চোৰাংচোৱাগিৰি বৃদ্ধি আৰু মানুহৰ চলাচলত সম্ভাৱ্য বাধা আৰোপ কৰা হয়। <ref>{{cite web | last1=فردا | first1=رادیو | url=https://www.radiofarda.com/a/32827133.html | title=برخورد با دفاتر مهاجرتی برای جلوگیری از مهاجرت بیشتر نخبگان از ایران | work=رادیو فردا }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://ir.voanews.com/a/security-view-of-the-islamic-republic-on-the-migration-of-elites/7494624.html | title=همکاری بنیاد نخبگان و پلیس گذرنامه؛ مهاجرت هم امنیتی شد | date=20 February 2024 }}</ref> ==পটভূমি== ২০০৩ চনত [[ইৰাণ]]ৰ উন্নয়নৰ ওপৰত [[ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘ]]ৰ 'সাধাৰণ দেশৰ মূল্যায়ন' অনুসৰি ১৯৯১ চনৰপৰা ১৯৯৯ চনৰ ভিতৰত ইৰাণত চাকৰি সৃষ্টিৰ ফলত "শ্ৰম বজাৰত প্ৰৱেশ কৰা লোকসকলৰ ৬০ শতাংশতকৈও কম লোকে কৰ্মসংস্থাপন লাভ কৰিছিল।" <ref name="PRB"/> কেন্দ্ৰীয় চোৰাংচোৱা সংস্থাই অনুমান কৰিছে যে ১৫ বছৰ আৰু তাতকৈ অধিক বয়সৰ ৫ কোটি ১০ লাখ ইৰাণীৰ ভিতৰত ৭৭ শতাংশই পঢ়িব আৰু লিখিব পাৰে।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/iran/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110162554/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/iran |url-status=dead |archive-date=10 January 2021 |title=World Factbook, Iran |publisher=Cia.gov |access-date=2011-03-31 }}</ref> এই জনসংখ্যাৰ এটা বৃহৎ অংশ কলেজ পৰ্যায়ত আছে বা ইয়াৰ কাষ চাপিছে। ইৰাণত 'মগজুৰ নিষ্কাশন'ৰ কাৰণসমূহ হ'ল: "বিদেশত অৰ্থনৈতিক সমৃদ্ধি আৰু উন্নত শিক্ষাৰ সুযোগ। দেশখনে নিজৰ নাগৰিকৰ প্ৰয়োজনীয়তা পূৰণ কৰিব নোৱাৰাৰ লগতে নিবনুৱা সমস্যাৰ উচ্চ হাৰ আৰু বৌদ্ধিক আৰু সামাজিক সুৰক্ষাৰ সাধাৰণ অভাৱ। এই সকলোবোৰ কাৰকে মগজুৰ নিষ্কাশনত অৰিহণা যোগায়। ইয়াৰ উপৰি ইৰানত থকা 'আত্ম-চেন্সৰশ্বিপ'এ মানুহক মুক্তভাৱে চিন্তা আৰু লিখাত বাধা প্ৰদান কৰে।" ই এনে এক বাধা যিয়ে বৈজ্ঞানিক আৰু সমাজ বিজ্ঞান দুয়োটাতে গৱেষণাক অত্যন্ত কঠিন কৰি তোলে।" <ref name="Hakimzadeh">{{cite web |url=http://www.migrationinformation.org/Profiles/display.cfm?ID=424 |title=Iran: A Vast Diaspora Abroad and Millions of Refugees at Home By Shirin Hakimzadeh |publisher=Migrationinformation.org |access-date=2011-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140215052030/http://migrationinformation.org/Profiles/display.cfm?ID=424 |archive-date=2014-02-15 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[ইৰান]]ত বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ আসনৰ বাবে হোৱা তীব্ৰ প্ৰতিদ্বন্দ্বিতাও ইয়াত গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ ভূমিকা পালন কৰে। প্ৰতি বছৰে পৰীক্ষা দিয়া প্ৰায় ১৫ লাখ লোকৰ ভিতৰত মাত্ৰ ১১ শতাংশইহে বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ত নামভৰ্তি কৰে। স্নাতক ডিগ্ৰী লাভ কৰাৰ পাছতো যুৱক-যুৱতীসকলে দেখিবলৈ পায় যে উপলব্ধ চাকৰিৰ সংখ্যা অতি কম। চৰকাৰী পৰিসংখ্যা অনুসৰি প্ৰতি বছৰে শ্ৰম বজাৰত প্ৰৱেশ কৰা ২ লাখ ৭০ হাজাৰ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ স্নাতক ছাত্ৰৰ ভিতৰত মাত্ৰ প্ৰায় ৭৫ হাজাৰ লোকেহে চাকৰি পাবলৈ সক্ষম হয়। ‘মানৱ পুঁজি’ৰ এই পলায়নে প্ৰতি বছৰে চৰকাৰৰ ৩৮ বিলিয়ন ডলাৰতকৈ অধিক খৰচ কৰে তেল বিক্ৰীৰপৰা পোৱা ৰাজহৰ দুগুণ। ‘পঞ্চবছৰীয়া উন্নয়ন পৰিকল্পনা’ৰ বিধানৰ অধীনত দেশে নিবনুৱা জনসাধাৰণৰ বাবে কৰ্মসংস্থাপনৰ সুযোগ সৃষ্টি কৰিবলৈ চেষ্টা কৰিছে; কিন্তু এই প্ৰচেষ্টাসমূহৰ ফল এতিয়াও সাফল্যমণ্ডিত হোৱা নাই। ফলত দেশখনে ইয়াৰ 'শিক্ষিত প্ৰবাসী সম্প্ৰদায়'ৰপৰাও লাভৱান হ'ব নোৱাৰে বা দেশত উপস্থিত নিবনুৱা বিশেষজ্ঞৰ পুলৰপৰাও লাভৱান হ'ব নোৱাৰে।" <ref name="Hakimzadeh"/> ==ইতিহাস== এটা সূত্ৰৰ মতে,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hakimzadeh |first=Shirin |date=2006-09-01 |title=Iran: A Vast Diaspora Abroad and Millions of Refugees at Home |url=https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/iran-vast-diaspora-abroad-and-millions-refugees-home |access-date=2023-01-04 |website=migrationpolicy.org |language=en}}</ref> ইৰাণৰপৰা প্ৰব্ৰজন আৰম্ভ হৈছিল ইৰাণ-ইৰাক যুদ্ধৰ বাবে সৈনিক নিযুক্তিৰপৰা। চৰকাৰক নতুন সৈনিকৰ প্ৰয়োজন আছিল আৰু সেই সৈন্যসকলৰ মাজত মৃত্যুৰ হাৰ অধিক হোৱাৰ বাবে নিযুক্তি পোৱা ইৰাণী পুৰুষসকলক আন দেশলৈ পলায়ন কৰিবলৈ বাধ্য কৰাইছিল। আন এটা সম্ভাৱ্য কাৰণ হ’ব পাৰে ১৯৭৯ চনৰ ইছলামিক বিপ্লৱৰ পিছত হোৱা ইৰাণৰ সাংস্কৃতিক বিপ্লৱ। ১৯৮০ চনৰ ১২ জুনত সাংস্কৃতিক বিপ্লৱে ইৰাণৰ উচ্চ শিক্ষা-ব্যৱস্থাক বৃহৎ সংস্কাৰ কৰাৰ প্ৰয়াসত এবছৰতকৈও অধিক সময় বন্ধ কৰি দিছিল। তথাপি শিক্ষিত ইৰাণীসকলে বিদেশলৈ প্ৰব্ৰজন কৰাৰ বিষয়টো ১৯৮০ চনৰ ৩১ অক্টোবৰতহে আলোচনা কৰা হৈছিল, যেতিয়া ইৰাণৰ বিপ্লৱী নেতা [[ৰুহোল্লাহ খোমেইনী]]য়ে ইয়াৰ গুৰুত্বক তুচ্ছজ্ঞান কৰিছিল: :''" মানুহে কয় "ব্ৰেইনৱাছিং।" এই পচি যোৱা মগজুবোৰ সাৰি যাওক। তেওঁলোকৰ বাবে শোক নকৰিবা; তেওঁলোকে জীৱনৰ নিজৰ সংজ্ঞা সৃষ্টি কৰক। প্ৰতিটো মগজু—যিটোক আপুনি "বিজ্ঞান" বুলি কয়—সন্মানৰ যোগ্য নেকি? পলাই যোৱাসকলৰ বাবে আমি বহি শোক কৰা উচিত নেকি? এই মগজুবোৰ আমেৰিকা আৰু ব্ৰিটেইনলৈ পলায়ন কৰাৰ বাবে আমি চিন্তা কৰা উচিত নেকি? এই মগজুবোৰ পলাওক, আৰু অধিক যোগ্য মগজুৱে ইয়াৰ ঠাই ল’ব। এতিয়া যেতিয়া তেওঁলোকে (ইছলামিক ৰিপাব্লিকে) পাৰ্জ চলাইছে, তেতিয়া আপুনি কিয় বিচলিত হৈছে, কিয় মানুহক হত্যা কৰিছে? আনকি এই বিপথে পৰিচালিত লোকসকলৰ পচি যোৱা মগজুৰ বিষয়েও কিয় আলোচনা কৰিছে? ইছলামক কিয় প্ৰশ্ন কৰিছে? পলায়ন কৰিছে নেকি? সিহঁতক যাবলৈ দিয়ক। সিহঁতক পলাবলৈ দিয়ক। তেওঁলোক বৈজ্ঞানিক মগজু নাছিল। সেইটোৱেই ভাল। চিন্তা নকৰিব। মাত্ৰ পলাব লাগে। [ইৰাণ] এতিয়া তেওঁলোকৰ বাসস্থান নহয়। এই বিপথে পৰিচালিত মগজুবোৰৰ আমাৰ কোনো কাম নাই। সিহঁতক পলাবলৈ দিয়ক। যদি আপুনি এই ঠাইখন আপোনাৰ থাকিবলৈ নহয় বুলি ভাবে, তেন্তে আপুনিও পলাই যোৱা উচিত। T "''<ref>Interview with [[Ettelaat]] newspaper, آیت الله روح الله خمینی در ملاقات با اعضای کمیته امداد روزنامه اطلاعات، 9 آبان ماه 1358 . Link: [http://www.iranpressnews.com/source/009122.htm See second paragraph] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20060509205414/http://www.iranpressnews.com/source/009122.htm |date=2006-05-09}} {{in lang|fa}}</ref> ইৰাণ–ইৰাক যুদ্ধৰ সময়তো এই ধাৰা অব্যাহত আছিল। ২০০৫ চনৰ নৱেম্বৰ মাহত ড° ফাৰাজী-ডানাৰ ঠাইত এজন ধৰ্মগুৰুৱে তেহৰাণ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ চ্যান্সেলৰৰ দায়িত্ব লয়। ইৰাণৰ ইতিহাসত প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে কোনো ডাঙৰ শিক্ষানুষ্ঠানৰ নেতৃত্বত পৰম্পৰাগত শিক্ষাবিদসকলৰ ওপৰত এজন ধৰ্মগুৰুক আধিপত্য বিস্তাৰ কৰা হৈছিল। তেওঁ অৱশ্যে কেইবাখনো গ্ৰন্থৰ ৰচনা কৰিছে আৰু ইছলামিক ন্যায়বিজ্ঞানৰ বিশেষজ্ঞ হিচাপে বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ আইন বিদ্যালয়তো অধ্যাপনা কৰিছে।<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/iran/story/2005/11/051125_mf_amid.shtml |title=نخستين رئيس روحانی برای دانشگاه تهران |publisher=BBC News |access-date=2011-10-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419062431/http://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/iran/story/2005/11/051125_mf_amid.shtml |archive-date=2012-04-19 |url-status=live }}</ref> এই দেশসমূহত একাডেমীৰ গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ পদবীত থকা ইৰাণৰ বিভাগীয় মুৰব্বী আৰু পৰিচালকৰ দীঘলীয়া তালিকাখন নিঃসন্দেহে এই বাস্তৱতাৰ এক শক্তিশালী সূচক। ইৰাণৰপৰা অহা মগজুৰ নিষ্কাশন ঘৰুৱা আৰু আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় পৰ্যায়ত সংবাদ মাধ্যমত আলোচনাৰ এক উত্তপ্ত বিষয় হৈ পৰিছে।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.payvand.com/news/01/may/1010.html|title=220,000 academics leave Iran in one year, brain drain rising - Moin warns|work=Payvand|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080409015930/http://www.payvand.com/news/01/may/1010.html|archive-date=2008-04-09|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iranian.ws/cgi-bin/iran_news/exec/view.cgi/2/3811|title=iranian.ws -&nbsp; Iranian Resources and Information.|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304031249/http://www.iranian.ws/cgi-bin/iran_news/exec/view.cgi/2/3811|archive-date=2016-03-04|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iranian.com/Opinion/2002/August/Brain/|title=THE IRANIAN: Brain drain, Ahmad Anvari|publisher=iranian.com|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071117034236/http://www.iranian.com/Opinion/2002/August/Brain/|archive-date=2007-11-17|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iranian.com/Opinion/2002/October/Brain/|title=THE IRANIAN: Brain drain, Mohammad Ala|publisher=iranian.com|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071117034245/http://www.iranian.com/Opinion/2002/October/Brain/|archive-date=2007-11-17|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.scidev.net/News/index.cfm?fuseaction=readNews&itemid=1485&language=1|title=Science & technology for global development news & analysis|publisher=SciDev.Net|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071117163807/http://www.scidev.net/News/index.cfm?fuseaction=readNews&itemid=1485&language=1|archive-date=2007-11-17|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parapundit.com/archives/002003.html|title=ParaPundit: Iran Has Highest Rate Of Emigration Brain Drain|work=parapundit.com|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080808120419/http://www.parapundit.com/archives/002003.html|archive-date=2008-08-08|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/1051803.html|title=Iran: Coping With The World's Highest Rate Of Brain Drain|newspaper=RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080413221553/http://www.rferl.org/featuresarticle/2004/03/c655d456-07df-405a-8fe9-aad51173bd66.html|archive-date=2008-04-13|url-status=live |last1=Esfandiari |first1=Golnaz }}</ref> কিছুমানে পৰিস্থিতিৰ বাবে সীমিত নিয়োগৰ সুযোগ বা দুৰ্বল শ্ৰম বজাৰ (যিটো বহুতে পশ্চিমীয়া অৰ্থনৈতিক নিষেধাজ্ঞাৰ বাবে দোষাৰোপ কৰে); আন কিছুমানে দেশৰ ক্ৰমান্বয়ে বাধাপ্ৰাপ্ত আৰু স্তব্ধ হৈ পৰা সামাজিক ব্যৱস্থাক দোষাৰোপ কৰে। এই পৰিস্থিতিৰ চিন হিচাপে ২০০৬ চনত তেতিয়াৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰপতি মাহমুদ আহমদিনেজাদে দেশৰ সকলো বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়কে তেওঁ "উদাৰ আৰু ধৰ্মনিৰপেক্ষ প্ৰভাৱ" বুলি কোৱাৰপৰা সম্পূৰ্ণৰূপে মুক্ত কৰাৰ প্ৰতিশ্ৰুতি দিয়ে।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/6196069.stm|publisher=BBC|title=Mass purges at Iran universities|first=Frances|last=Harrison|date=20 December 2006 |author-link=Frances Harrison|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080407005558/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/6196069.stm|archive-date=2008-04-07|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2006/sep/06/highereducation.iran|work=The Guardian|title=Iranian president calls for purge of liberal lecturers|first=Robert|last=Tait|date=September 6, 2006|access-date=April 22, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080907083349/http://education.guardian.co.uk/higher/worldwide/story/0,,1865731,00.html|archive-date=September 7, 2008|url-status=live}}</ref> ২০০৬ চনৰ জানুৱাৰী মাহত প্ৰকাশিত ''দ্য ৱাশ্বিংটন প্ৰিজম''ত প্ৰকাশিত এক প্ৰতিৱেদনত দাবী কৰা হৈছে যে আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় মুদ্ৰা নিধি (IMF)-এ ইৰাণক উন্নয়নশীল দেশসমূহৰ ভিতৰত "মগজুৰ নিষ্কাশন"ৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত শীৰ্ষ দেশ হিচাপে স্থান দিছে; তেওঁলোকৰ অনুমান অনুসৰি প্ৰায় ১ লাখ ৮০ হাজাৰ লোকে ইৰাণ এৰি গৈছে।<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.washingtonprism.org/showarticle.cfm?id=213 |title=Washington Prism |publisher=Washington Prism |access-date=2011-10-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080406030207/http://www.washingtonprism.org/showarticle.cfm?id=213 |archive-date=2008-04-06 |url-status=dead }}</ref> অৱশ্যে ইছলামিক ৰিপাব্লিক নিউজ এজেন্সীৰ এক প্ৰতিৱেদনত এই সংখ্যা ২ লাখ বুলি কোৱা হৈছে। ইৰাণৰ সংস্কৃতি আৰু উচ্চ শিক্ষা মন্ত্ৰ্যালয়ৰ মতে বৰ্তমান প্ৰায় ৫০,০০০ ইৰাণী ছাত্ৰ-ছাত্ৰীয়ে বিদেশত অধ্যয়ন কৰি আছে।<ref name="Iranian Embassy in Oslo">{{cite web|title=Education System in Iran|url=http://www.iran-embassy-oslo.no/embassy/educat.htm|publisher=Iranian Embassy in Oslo|access-date=7 May 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090609234100/http://www.iran-embassy-oslo.no/embassy/educat.htm|archive-date=9 June 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==ধাৰা ওলোটাই অনাৰ প্ৰচেষ্টা== শেহতীয়া বছৰবোৰত শিক্ষাবিদ আৰু উচ্চ দক্ষতাসম্পন্ন শ্ৰমিকসকলক কৰ্মসংস্থাপন আৰু গৱেষণাৰ সুযোগ প্ৰদান কৰি মগজু নিষ্কাশণ তথা মানৱ সম্পদৰ বহিঃপ্ৰৱাহৰ ৰোধৰ বাবে কেইবাটাও পদক্ষেপ গ্ৰহণ কৰা হৈছে। ২০০৩ চনৰ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী মাহত ইৰাণত বিজ্ঞান আৰু প্ৰযুক্তিবিদ্যাৰ প্ৰসাৰৰ বাবে আৰু গৱেষণা আৰু উন্নয়নত নিয়োজিত লোকসকলক উপকৃত কৰিবলৈ ইৰাণৰ নেচনেল ছায়েন্স ফাউণ্ডেশ্যন স্থাপন কৰা হয়। বিজ্ঞান আৰু প্ৰযুক্তিবিদ্যাত কাম কৰা ইৰাণীসকলৰ সুবিধাৰ্থে স্থাপন কৰা আন এটা প্ৰতিষ্ঠান হৈছে ইৰাণৰ নেচনেল জিনিয়াছ ফাউণ্ডেশ্যন।<ref>{{Cite web |title=.: بنیاد ملی نخبگان |url=http://www.bonyad-nokhbegan.ir/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080423102932/http://www.bonyad-nokhbegan.ir/ |archive-date=2008-04-23 |access-date=2008-04-22}}</ref> ইৰাণে স্নাতক অভিলেখ বিধেয়ক উত্থাপন কৰি মগজু নিষ্কাশণ তথা বহিঃপ্ৰৱাহ ৰোধ কৰাৰ চেষ্টা কৰিছে; এই বিধেয়কখনে স্নাতক পৰ্যায়ত শিক্ষাৰ আন্তৰ্জাতিককৰণ আৰু সম্প্ৰসাৰণৰ আহ্বান জনাইছে, যাৰ ফলত স্নাতকসকলৰ সংখ্যা বৃদ্ধি পাব। <ref>{{cite book |url=http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=12185&page=25 |title=Science and Technology and the Future Development of Societies: International Workshop Proceedings |publisher=Nap.edu |date=2007-02-11 |doi=10.17226/12185 |isbn=978-0-309-11927-6 |access-date=2011-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121016082426/http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=12185&page=25 |archive-date=2012-10-16 |url-status=live }}</ref> ==তথ্যৰ উৎস== {{reflist}} ==অধিক পঢ়ক== *{{cite journal|title=The brain drain from Iran to the United States|first=Akbar E|last=Torbat|journal=Middle East Journal|pages=272–295|date=Spring 2002|volume=56|issue=2}} *Migration Information: {{cite web|url=http://www.migrationinformation.org/Profiles/display.cfm?ID=424|title=Iran: A Vast Diaspora Abroad and Millions of Refugees at Home|work=migrationpolicy.org|access-date=2008-12-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140215052030/http://migrationinformation.org/Profiles/display.cfm?ID=424|archive-date=2014-02-15|url-status=live}} *UCSC Study: {{Cite web |url=http://users.soe.ucsc.edu/~daraei/files/BrainDrain.jpg |title=Baskin School of Engineering – Baskin Engineering provides unique educational opportunities, world-class research with an eye to social responsibility and diversity |access-date=2014-01-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140110001124/http://users.soe.ucsc.edu/~daraei/files/BrainDrain.jpg |archive-date=2014-01-10 |url-status=live }} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== *[https://web.archive.org/web/20100525045858/http://www.g15.org/workingpaper5.pdf International Migration, Remittances and the Brain Drain] in [[Group of 15]] Countries [[শ্ৰেণী:ইৰান]] 7mjnkg6szoda3sq2tzq42vj6bhvtzv2 605917 605916 2026-05-11T23:52:41Z নৰুনা বৰুৱা 44897 605917 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Emigration of highly educated people from Iran}} '''ইৰাণৰপৰা মানৱ মূলধনৰ বহিঃপ্ৰৱাহ''' ১৯৭৯ চনৰ ইছলামিক বিপ্লৱৰ পিছৰেপৰা [[ইৰান]]ৰপৰা মানৱ পুঁজিৰ বহিঃপ্ৰৱাহ এক উল্লেখযোগ্য পৰিঘটনা।<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mahmoudi |first=Hassan |date=2021-04-21 |title=Iran Loses Highly Educated and Skilled Citizens during Long-Running "Brain Drain" |url=https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/iran-brain-drain-emigration |access-date=2022-03-20 |website=migrationpolicy.org |language=en}}</ref> ১৯৯০ চনৰ আৰম্ভণিতে প্ৰতি বছৰে ১ লাখ ৫০ হাজাৰতকৈ অধিক ইৰাণীয়ে ইছলামিক গণৰাজ্য এৰি থৈ যায় <ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/1999/06/carringt.htm|title=IMF research economist Enrica Detragiache and U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics economist William J. Carrington in the IMF's quarterly magazine, ''Finance and Development'' (v. 36, n. 2 (July 1999)|access-date=2011-12-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090831103411/http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/1999/06/carringt.htm|archive-date=2009-08-31|url-status=live}}</ref> আৰু সেই সময়ত উচ্চতৰ মাধ্যমিক শিক্ষা গ্ৰহণ কৰা সকলো ইৰাণীৰ অনুমাণিক ২৫ শতাংশই বিদেশত অ'ইচিডিৰ মানদণ্ডৰ উন্নত দেশত বাস কৰিছিল।<ref name="auto"/><ref name="RFERLclarif">{{cite web |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/1342682.html |title=Clarification On The 'Brain Drain.' |publisher=Rferl.org |date=2004-04-12 |access-date=2011-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110526124322/http://www.rferl.org/content/article/1342682.html |archive-date=2011-05-26 |url-status=live }}</ref> ২০০৯ চনৰ আই এম এফৰ প্ৰতিৱেদনত কোৱা হৈছে যে ইৰাণ শৈক্ষিক অভিজাত শ্ৰেণী হেৰুৱাই পেলোৱা দেশসমূহৰ তালিকাৰ শীৰ্ষত আছে; ই ১৫০,০০০ৰপৰা ১ লাখ ৮০,০০০ ভিতৰত বিশেষজ্ঞ হেৰুৱাইছিল। যিটো মোটামুটিভাৱে যথেষ্ট মূলধনী লোকচানৰ সমতুল্য। <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.payvand.com/news/12/may/1297.html|title=Iran Faced With Growing Brain Drain: Report|work=payvand.com|access-date=2012-06-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170425200026/http://www.payvand.com/news/12/may/1297.html|archive-date=2017-04-25|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="PRB">{{cite web |url=http://www.prb.org/Articles/2004/IranFacesPressuretoProvideJobsAddressHealthDisparities.aspx |title=Iran Faces Pressure to Provide Jobs, Address Health Disparities by Yvette Collymore |publisher=Prb.org |date=2004-09-07 |access-date=2011-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120920043819/http://www.prb.org/Articles/2004/IranFacesPressuretoProvideJobsAddressHealthDisparities.aspx |archive-date=2012-09-20 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Frances |last=Harrison |title=Huge cost of Iranian brain drain |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/6240287.stm |publisher=BBC News |date=2007-01-08 |access-date=2007-01-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070109193238/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/6240287.stm |archive-date=2007-01-09 |url-status=live }}</ref> ইয়াৰ উপৰি ২০০৯ চনৰ ইৰাণৰ নিৰ্বাচনী প্ৰতিবাদৰ পিছত ৰাজনৈতিক দমনৰ ফলত ইৰাণৰ বুদ্ধিজীৱীসকলৰ গণ পলায়ন ঘটে, যাক "ক্ৰমবৰ্ধমান শৰণাৰ্থী পলায়ন" বুলি বৰ্ণনা কৰা হয়।<ref>"Iran's refugee exodus is exacerbating a brain drain that has stunted the country's development for years." [https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB126049484505086861?mod=rss_Today's_Most_Popular Thousands Flee Iran as Noose Tightens] DECEMBER 11, 2009</ref> ইয়াৰ উপৰি আমেৰিকাৰ কেন্দ্ৰীয় চোৰাংচোৱা সংস্থাই (CIA) "ব্ৰেইনড্ৰেইন প্ৰজেক্ট" নামৰ এক গোপন অভিযান চলাই আছে বুলিও বাতৰি প্ৰকাশ পাইছে, যাৰ লক্ষ্য হৈছে ইৰাণৰ পাৰমাণৱিক বিশেষজ্ঞসকলক নিজৰ পক্ষলৈ আকৰ্ষণ কৰা, যাৰ ফলত ইৰাণৰ পাৰমাণৱিক কাৰ্যসূচী দুৰ্বল হৈ পৰিছে। <ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/11/world/middleeast/11assess.html?src=mv | work=The New York Times | title=Beyond Iran Sanctions, Plans B, C, D and | first=David E. | last=Sanger | date=June 10, 2010 | access-date=February 24, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160725104855/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/11/world/middleeast/11assess.html?src=mv | archive-date=July 25, 2016 | url-status=live }}</ref> ২০২৪ চনৰ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী মাহত ইৰাণ চৰকাৰে শিক্ষিত ব্যক্তিৰ প্ৰব্ৰজন ৰোধৰ বাবে প্ৰচেষ্টা আৰম্ভ কৰে, যাৰ ভিতৰত চোৰাংচোৱাগিৰি বৃদ্ধি আৰু মানুহৰ চলাচলত সম্ভাৱ্য বাধা আৰোপ কৰা হয়। <ref>{{cite web | last1=فردا | first1=رادیو | url=https://www.radiofarda.com/a/32827133.html | title=برخورد با دفاتر مهاجرتی برای جلوگیری از مهاجرت بیشتر نخبگان از ایران | work=رادیو فردا }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://ir.voanews.com/a/security-view-of-the-islamic-republic-on-the-migration-of-elites/7494624.html | title=همکاری بنیاد نخبگان و پلیس گذرنامه؛ مهاجرت هم امنیتی شد | date=20 February 2024 }}</ref> ==পটভূমি== ২০০৩ চনত [[ইৰাণ]]ৰ উন্নয়নৰ ওপৰত [[ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘ]]ৰ 'সাধাৰণ দেশৰ মূল্যায়ন' অনুসৰি ১৯৯১ চনৰপৰা ১৯৯৯ চনৰ ভিতৰত ইৰাণত চাকৰি সৃষ্টিৰ ফলত "শ্ৰম বজাৰত প্ৰৱেশ কৰা লোকসকলৰ ৬০ শতাংশতকৈও কম লোকে কৰ্মসংস্থাপন লাভ কৰিছিল।" <ref name="PRB"/> কেন্দ্ৰীয় চোৰাংচোৱা সংস্থাই অনুমান কৰিছে যে ১৫ বছৰ আৰু তাতকৈ অধিক বয়সৰ ৫ কোটি ১০ লাখ ইৰাণীৰ ভিতৰত ৭৭ শতাংশই পঢ়িব আৰু লিখিব পাৰে।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/iran/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110162554/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/iran |url-status=dead |archive-date=10 January 2021 |title=World Factbook, Iran |publisher=Cia.gov |access-date=2011-03-31 }}</ref> এই জনসংখ্যাৰ এটা বৃহৎ অংশ কলেজ পৰ্যায়ত আছে বা ইয়াৰ কাষ চাপিছে। ইৰাণত 'মগজুৰ নিষ্কাশন'ৰ কাৰণসমূহ হ'ল: "বিদেশত অৰ্থনৈতিক সমৃদ্ধি আৰু উন্নত শিক্ষাৰ সুযোগ। দেশখনে নিজৰ নাগৰিকৰ প্ৰয়োজনীয়তা পূৰণ কৰিব নোৱাৰাৰ লগতে নিবনুৱা সমস্যাৰ উচ্চ হাৰ আৰু বৌদ্ধিক আৰু সামাজিক সুৰক্ষাৰ সাধাৰণ অভাৱ। এই সকলোবোৰ কাৰকে মগজুৰ নিষ্কাশনত অৰিহণা যোগায়। ইয়াৰ উপৰি ইৰানত থকা 'আত্ম-চেন্সৰশ্বিপ'এ মানুহক মুক্তভাৱে চিন্তা আৰু লিখাত বাধা প্ৰদান কৰে।" ই এনে এক বাধা যিয়ে বৈজ্ঞানিক আৰু সমাজ বিজ্ঞান দুয়োটাতে গৱেষণাক অত্যন্ত কঠিন কৰি তোলে।" <ref name="Hakimzadeh">{{cite web |url=http://www.migrationinformation.org/Profiles/display.cfm?ID=424 |title=Iran: A Vast Diaspora Abroad and Millions of Refugees at Home By Shirin Hakimzadeh |publisher=Migrationinformation.org |access-date=2011-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140215052030/http://migrationinformation.org/Profiles/display.cfm?ID=424 |archive-date=2014-02-15 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[ইৰান]]ত বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ আসনৰ বাবে হোৱা তীব্ৰ প্ৰতিদ্বন্দ্বিতাও ইয়াত গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ ভূমিকা পালন কৰে। প্ৰতি বছৰে পৰীক্ষা দিয়া প্ৰায় ১৫ লাখ লোকৰ ভিতৰত মাত্ৰ ১১ শতাংশইহে বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ত নামভৰ্তি কৰে। স্নাতক ডিগ্ৰী লাভ কৰাৰ পাছতো যুৱক-যুৱতীসকলে দেখিবলৈ পায় যে উপলব্ধ চাকৰিৰ সংখ্যা অতি কম। চৰকাৰী পৰিসংখ্যা অনুসৰি প্ৰতি বছৰে শ্ৰম বজাৰত প্ৰৱেশ কৰা ২ লাখ ৭০ হাজাৰ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ স্নাতক ছাত্ৰৰ ভিতৰত মাত্ৰ প্ৰায় ৭৫ হাজাৰ লোকেহে চাকৰি পাবলৈ সক্ষম হয়। ‘মানৱ পুঁজি’ৰ এই বহিঃগমনে প্ৰতি বছৰে চৰকাৰৰ ৩৮ বিলিয়ন ডলাৰতকৈ অধিক ব্যয় হয় আৰু এয়া তেল বিক্ৰীৰপৰা পোৱা ৰাজহৰ দুগুণ। ‘পাঁচবছৰীয়া উন্নয়ন পৰিকল্পনা’ৰ বিধানৰ অধীনত দেশে নিবনুৱা জনসাধাৰণৰ বাবে কৰ্মসংস্থাপনৰ সুযোগ সৃষ্টি কৰিবলৈ চেষ্টা কৰিছে; কিন্তু এই প্ৰচেষ্টাসমূহৰ ফল এতিয়াও সাফল্যমণ্ডিত হোৱা নাই। ফলত দেশখনে ইয়াৰ 'শিক্ষিত প্ৰবাসী সম্প্ৰদায়'ৰপৰাও লাভৱান হ'ব নোৱাৰে বা দেশত উপস্থিত নিবনুৱা বিশেষজ্ঞৰ পুলৰপৰাও লাভৱান হ'ব নোৱাৰে।" <ref name="Hakimzadeh"/> ==ইতিহাস== এটা সূত্ৰৰ মতে,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hakimzadeh |first=Shirin |date=2006-09-01 |title=Iran: A Vast Diaspora Abroad and Millions of Refugees at Home |url=https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/iran-vast-diaspora-abroad-and-millions-refugees-home |access-date=2023-01-04 |website=migrationpolicy.org |language=en}}</ref> ইৰাণৰপৰা প্ৰব্ৰজন আৰম্ভ হৈছিল ইৰাণ-ইৰাক যুদ্ধৰ বাবে সৈনিক নিযুক্তিৰপৰা। চৰকাৰক নতুন সৈনিকৰ প্ৰয়োজন আছিল আৰু সেই সৈন্যসকলৰ মাজত মৃত্যুৰ হাৰ অধিক হোৱাৰ বাবে নিযুক্তি পোৱা ইৰাণী পুৰুষসকলক আন দেশলৈ পলায়ন কৰিবলৈ বাধ্য কৰাইছিল। আন এটা সম্ভাৱ্য কাৰণ হ’ব পাৰে ১৯৭৯ চনৰ ইছলামিক বিপ্লৱৰ পিছত হোৱা ইৰাণৰ সাংস্কৃতিক বিপ্লৱ। ১৯৮০ চনৰ ১২ জুনত সাংস্কৃতিক বিপ্লৱে ইৰাণৰ উচ্চ শিক্ষা-ব্যৱস্থাক বৃহৎ সংস্কাৰ কৰাৰ প্ৰয়াসত এবছৰতকৈও অধিক সময় বন্ধ কৰি দিছিল। তথাপি শিক্ষিত ইৰাণীসকলে বিদেশলৈ প্ৰব্ৰজন কৰাৰ বিষয়টো ১৯৮০ চনৰ ৩১ অক্টোবৰতহে আলোচনা কৰা হৈছিল, যেতিয়া ইৰাণৰ বিপ্লৱী নেতা [[ৰুহোল্লাহ খোমেইনী]]য়ে ইয়াৰ গুৰুত্বক তুচ্ছজ্ঞান কৰিছিল: :''" মানুহে কয় "ব্ৰেইনৱাছিং।" এই পচি যোৱা মগজুবোৰ সাৰি যাওক। তেওঁলোকৰ বাবে শোক নকৰিবা; তেওঁলোকে জীৱনৰ নিজৰ সংজ্ঞা সৃষ্টি কৰক। প্ৰতিটো মগজু—যিটোক আপুনি "বিজ্ঞান" বুলি কয়—সন্মানৰ যোগ্য নেকি? পলাই যোৱাসকলৰ বাবে আমি বহি শোক কৰা উচিত নেকি? এই মগজুবোৰ আমেৰিকা আৰু ব্ৰিটেইনলৈ পলায়ন কৰাৰ বাবে আমি চিন্তা কৰা উচিত নেকি? এই মগজুবোৰ পলাওক, আৰু অধিক যোগ্য মগজুৱে ইয়াৰ ঠাই ল’ব। এতিয়া যেতিয়া তেওঁলোকে (ইছলামিক ৰিপাব্লিকে) পাৰ্জ চলাইছে, তেতিয়া আপুনি কিয় বিচলিত হৈছে, কিয় মানুহক হত্যা কৰিছে? আনকি এই বিপথে পৰিচালিত লোকসকলৰ পচি যোৱা মগজুৰ বিষয়েও কিয় আলোচনা কৰিছে? ইছলামক কিয় প্ৰশ্ন কৰিছে? পলায়ন কৰিছে নেকি? সিহঁতক যাবলৈ দিয়ক। সিহঁতক পলাবলৈ দিয়ক। তেওঁলোক বৈজ্ঞানিক মগজু নাছিল। সেইটোৱেই ভাল। চিন্তা নকৰিব। মাত্ৰ পলাব লাগে। [ইৰাণ] এতিয়া তেওঁলোকৰ বাসস্থান নহয়। এই বিপথে পৰিচালিত মগজুবোৰৰ আমাৰ কোনো কাম নাই। সিহঁতক পলাবলৈ দিয়ক। যদি আপুনি এই ঠাইখন আপোনাৰ থাকিবলৈ নহয় বুলি ভাবে, তেন্তে আপুনিও পলাই যোৱা উচিত। T "''<ref>Interview with [[Ettelaat]] newspaper, آیت الله روح الله خمینی در ملاقات با اعضای کمیته امداد روزنامه اطلاعات، 9 آبان ماه 1358 . Link: [http://www.iranpressnews.com/source/009122.htm See second paragraph] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20060509205414/http://www.iranpressnews.com/source/009122.htm |date=2006-05-09}} {{in lang|fa}}</ref> ইৰাণ–ইৰাক যুদ্ধৰ সময়তো এই ধাৰা অব্যাহত আছিল। ২০০৫ চনৰ নৱেম্বৰ মাহত ড° ফাৰাজী-ডানাৰ ঠাইত এজন ধৰ্মগুৰুৱে তেহৰাণ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ চ্যান্সেলৰৰ দায়িত্ব লয়। ইৰাণৰ ইতিহাসত প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে কোনো ডাঙৰ শিক্ষানুষ্ঠানৰ নেতৃত্বত পৰম্পৰাগত শিক্ষাবিদসকলৰ ওপৰত এজন ধৰ্মগুৰুক আধিপত্য বিস্তাৰ কৰা হৈছিল। তেওঁ অৱশ্যে কেইবাখনো গ্ৰন্থৰ ৰচনা কৰিছে আৰু ইছলামিক ন্যায়বিজ্ঞানৰ বিশেষজ্ঞ হিচাপে বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ আইন বিদ্যালয়তো অধ্যাপনা কৰিছে।<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/iran/story/2005/11/051125_mf_amid.shtml |title=نخستين رئيس روحانی برای دانشگاه تهران |publisher=BBC News |access-date=2011-10-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419062431/http://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/iran/story/2005/11/051125_mf_amid.shtml |archive-date=2012-04-19 |url-status=live }}</ref> এই দেশসমূহত একাডেমীৰ গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ পদবীত থকা ইৰাণৰ বিভাগীয় মুৰব্বী আৰু পৰিচালকৰ দীঘলীয়া তালিকাখন নিঃসন্দেহে এই বাস্তৱতাৰ এক শক্তিশালী সূচক। ইৰাণৰপৰা অহা মগজুৰ নিষ্কাশন ঘৰুৱা আৰু আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় পৰ্যায়ত সংবাদ মাধ্যমত আলোচনাৰ এক উত্তপ্ত বিষয় হৈ পৰিছে।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.payvand.com/news/01/may/1010.html|title=220,000 academics leave Iran in one year, brain drain rising - Moin warns|work=Payvand|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080409015930/http://www.payvand.com/news/01/may/1010.html|archive-date=2008-04-09|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iranian.ws/cgi-bin/iran_news/exec/view.cgi/2/3811|title=iranian.ws -&nbsp; Iranian Resources and Information.|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304031249/http://www.iranian.ws/cgi-bin/iran_news/exec/view.cgi/2/3811|archive-date=2016-03-04|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iranian.com/Opinion/2002/August/Brain/|title=THE IRANIAN: Brain drain, Ahmad Anvari|publisher=iranian.com|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071117034236/http://www.iranian.com/Opinion/2002/August/Brain/|archive-date=2007-11-17|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iranian.com/Opinion/2002/October/Brain/|title=THE IRANIAN: Brain drain, Mohammad Ala|publisher=iranian.com|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071117034245/http://www.iranian.com/Opinion/2002/October/Brain/|archive-date=2007-11-17|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.scidev.net/News/index.cfm?fuseaction=readNews&itemid=1485&language=1|title=Science & technology for global development news & analysis|publisher=SciDev.Net|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071117163807/http://www.scidev.net/News/index.cfm?fuseaction=readNews&itemid=1485&language=1|archive-date=2007-11-17|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parapundit.com/archives/002003.html|title=ParaPundit: Iran Has Highest Rate Of Emigration Brain Drain|work=parapundit.com|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080808120419/http://www.parapundit.com/archives/002003.html|archive-date=2008-08-08|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/1051803.html|title=Iran: Coping With The World's Highest Rate Of Brain Drain|newspaper=RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080413221553/http://www.rferl.org/featuresarticle/2004/03/c655d456-07df-405a-8fe9-aad51173bd66.html|archive-date=2008-04-13|url-status=live |last1=Esfandiari |first1=Golnaz }}</ref> কিছুমানে পৰিস্থিতিৰ বাবে সীমিত নিয়োগৰ সুযোগ বা দুৰ্বল শ্ৰম বজাৰ (যিটো বহুতে পশ্চিমীয়া অৰ্থনৈতিক নিষেধাজ্ঞাৰ বাবে দোষাৰোপ কৰে); আন কিছুমানে দেশৰ ক্ৰমান্বয়ে বাধাপ্ৰাপ্ত আৰু স্তব্ধ হৈ পৰা সামাজিক ব্যৱস্থাক দোষাৰোপ কৰে। এই পৰিস্থিতিৰ চিন হিচাপে ২০০৬ চনত তেতিয়াৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰপতি মাহমুদ আহমদিনেজাদে দেশৰ সকলো বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়কে তেওঁ "উদাৰ আৰু ধৰ্মনিৰপেক্ষ প্ৰভাৱ" বুলি কোৱাৰপৰা সম্পূৰ্ণৰূপে মুক্ত কৰাৰ প্ৰতিশ্ৰুতি দিয়ে।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/6196069.stm|publisher=BBC|title=Mass purges at Iran universities|first=Frances|last=Harrison|date=20 December 2006 |author-link=Frances Harrison|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080407005558/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/6196069.stm|archive-date=2008-04-07|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2006/sep/06/highereducation.iran|work=The Guardian|title=Iranian president calls for purge of liberal lecturers|first=Robert|last=Tait|date=September 6, 2006|access-date=April 22, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080907083349/http://education.guardian.co.uk/higher/worldwide/story/0,,1865731,00.html|archive-date=September 7, 2008|url-status=live}}</ref> ২০০৬ চনৰ জানুৱাৰী মাহত প্ৰকাশিত ''দ্য ৱাশ্বিংটন প্ৰিজম''ত প্ৰকাশিত এক প্ৰতিৱেদনত দাবী কৰা হৈছে যে আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় মুদ্ৰা নিধি (IMF)-এ ইৰাণক উন্নয়নশীল দেশসমূহৰ ভিতৰত "মগজুৰ নিষ্কাশন"ৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত শীৰ্ষ দেশ হিচাপে স্থান দিছে; তেওঁলোকৰ অনুমান অনুসৰি প্ৰায় ১ লাখ ৮০ হাজাৰ লোকে ইৰাণ এৰি গৈছে।<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.washingtonprism.org/showarticle.cfm?id=213 |title=Washington Prism |publisher=Washington Prism |access-date=2011-10-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080406030207/http://www.washingtonprism.org/showarticle.cfm?id=213 |archive-date=2008-04-06 |url-status=dead }}</ref> অৱশ্যে ইছলামিক ৰিপাব্লিক নিউজ এজেন্সীৰ এক প্ৰতিৱেদনত এই সংখ্যা ২ লাখ বুলি কোৱা হৈছে। ইৰাণৰ সংস্কৃতি আৰু উচ্চ শিক্ষা মন্ত্ৰ্যালয়ৰ মতে বৰ্তমান প্ৰায় ৫০,০০০ ইৰাণী ছাত্ৰ-ছাত্ৰীয়ে বিদেশত অধ্যয়ন কৰি আছে।<ref name="Iranian Embassy in Oslo">{{cite web|title=Education System in Iran|url=http://www.iran-embassy-oslo.no/embassy/educat.htm|publisher=Iranian Embassy in Oslo|access-date=7 May 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090609234100/http://www.iran-embassy-oslo.no/embassy/educat.htm|archive-date=9 June 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==ধাৰা ওলোটাই অনাৰ প্ৰচেষ্টা== শেহতীয়া বছৰবোৰত শিক্ষাবিদ আৰু উচ্চ দক্ষতাসম্পন্ন শ্ৰমিকসকলক কৰ্মসংস্থাপন আৰু গৱেষণাৰ সুযোগ প্ৰদান কৰি মগজু নিষ্কাশণ তথা মানৱ সম্পদৰ বহিঃপ্ৰৱাহৰ ৰোধৰ বাবে কেইবাটাও পদক্ষেপ গ্ৰহণ কৰা হৈছে। ২০০৩ চনৰ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী মাহত ইৰাণত বিজ্ঞান আৰু প্ৰযুক্তিবিদ্যাৰ প্ৰসাৰৰ বাবে আৰু গৱেষণা আৰু উন্নয়নত নিয়োজিত লোকসকলক উপকৃত কৰিবলৈ ইৰাণৰ নেচনেল ছায়েন্স ফাউণ্ডেশ্যন স্থাপন কৰা হয়। বিজ্ঞান আৰু প্ৰযুক্তিবিদ্যাত কাম কৰা ইৰাণীসকলৰ সুবিধাৰ্থে স্থাপন কৰা আন এটা প্ৰতিষ্ঠান হৈছে ইৰাণৰ নেচনেল জিনিয়াছ ফাউণ্ডেশ্যন।<ref>{{Cite web |title=.: بنیاد ملی نخبگان |url=http://www.bonyad-nokhbegan.ir/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080423102932/http://www.bonyad-nokhbegan.ir/ |archive-date=2008-04-23 |access-date=2008-04-22}}</ref> ইৰাণে স্নাতক অভিলেখ বিধেয়ক উত্থাপন কৰি মগজু নিষ্কাশণ তথা বহিঃপ্ৰৱাহ ৰোধ কৰাৰ চেষ্টা কৰিছে; এই বিধেয়কখনে স্নাতক পৰ্যায়ত শিক্ষাৰ আন্তৰ্জাতিককৰণ আৰু সম্প্ৰসাৰণৰ আহ্বান জনাইছে, যাৰ ফলত স্নাতকসকলৰ সংখ্যা বৃদ্ধি পাব। <ref>{{cite book |url=http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=12185&page=25 |title=Science and Technology and the Future Development of Societies: International Workshop Proceedings |publisher=Nap.edu |date=2007-02-11 |doi=10.17226/12185 |isbn=978-0-309-11927-6 |access-date=2011-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121016082426/http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=12185&page=25 |archive-date=2012-10-16 |url-status=live }}</ref> ==তথ্যৰ উৎস== {{reflist}} ==অধিক পঢ়ক== *{{cite journal|title=The brain drain from Iran to the United States|first=Akbar E|last=Torbat|journal=Middle East Journal|pages=272–295|date=Spring 2002|volume=56|issue=2}} *Migration Information: {{cite web|url=http://www.migrationinformation.org/Profiles/display.cfm?ID=424|title=Iran: A Vast Diaspora Abroad and Millions of Refugees at Home|work=migrationpolicy.org|access-date=2008-12-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140215052030/http://migrationinformation.org/Profiles/display.cfm?ID=424|archive-date=2014-02-15|url-status=live}} *UCSC Study: {{Cite web |url=http://users.soe.ucsc.edu/~daraei/files/BrainDrain.jpg |title=Baskin School of Engineering – Baskin Engineering provides unique educational opportunities, world-class research with an eye to social responsibility and diversity |access-date=2014-01-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140110001124/http://users.soe.ucsc.edu/~daraei/files/BrainDrain.jpg |archive-date=2014-01-10 |url-status=live }} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== *[https://web.archive.org/web/20100525045858/http://www.g15.org/workingpaper5.pdf International Migration, Remittances and the Brain Drain] in [[Group of 15]] Countries [[শ্ৰেণী:ইৰান]] g8tqir7foro9rca35q18lz926zu1xwm 605918 605917 2026-05-11T23:54:13Z নৰুনা বৰুৱা 44897 /* ইতিহাস */ 605918 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Emigration of highly educated people from Iran}} '''ইৰাণৰপৰা মানৱ মূলধনৰ বহিঃপ্ৰৱাহ''' ১৯৭৯ চনৰ ইছলামিক বিপ্লৱৰ পিছৰেপৰা [[ইৰান]]ৰপৰা মানৱ পুঁজিৰ বহিঃপ্ৰৱাহ এক উল্লেখযোগ্য পৰিঘটনা।<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mahmoudi |first=Hassan |date=2021-04-21 |title=Iran Loses Highly Educated and Skilled Citizens during Long-Running "Brain Drain" |url=https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/iran-brain-drain-emigration |access-date=2022-03-20 |website=migrationpolicy.org |language=en}}</ref> ১৯৯০ চনৰ আৰম্ভণিতে প্ৰতি বছৰে ১ লাখ ৫০ হাজাৰতকৈ অধিক ইৰাণীয়ে ইছলামিক গণৰাজ্য এৰি থৈ যায় <ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/1999/06/carringt.htm|title=IMF research economist Enrica Detragiache and U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics economist William J. Carrington in the IMF's quarterly magazine, ''Finance and Development'' (v. 36, n. 2 (July 1999)|access-date=2011-12-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090831103411/http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/1999/06/carringt.htm|archive-date=2009-08-31|url-status=live}}</ref> আৰু সেই সময়ত উচ্চতৰ মাধ্যমিক শিক্ষা গ্ৰহণ কৰা সকলো ইৰাণীৰ অনুমাণিক ২৫ শতাংশই বিদেশত অ'ইচিডিৰ মানদণ্ডৰ উন্নত দেশত বাস কৰিছিল।<ref name="auto"/><ref name="RFERLclarif">{{cite web |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/1342682.html |title=Clarification On The 'Brain Drain.' |publisher=Rferl.org |date=2004-04-12 |access-date=2011-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110526124322/http://www.rferl.org/content/article/1342682.html |archive-date=2011-05-26 |url-status=live }}</ref> ২০০৯ চনৰ আই এম এফৰ প্ৰতিৱেদনত কোৱা হৈছে যে ইৰাণ শৈক্ষিক অভিজাত শ্ৰেণী হেৰুৱাই পেলোৱা দেশসমূহৰ তালিকাৰ শীৰ্ষত আছে; ই ১৫০,০০০ৰপৰা ১ লাখ ৮০,০০০ ভিতৰত বিশেষজ্ঞ হেৰুৱাইছিল। যিটো মোটামুটিভাৱে যথেষ্ট মূলধনী লোকচানৰ সমতুল্য। <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.payvand.com/news/12/may/1297.html|title=Iran Faced With Growing Brain Drain: Report|work=payvand.com|access-date=2012-06-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170425200026/http://www.payvand.com/news/12/may/1297.html|archive-date=2017-04-25|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="PRB">{{cite web |url=http://www.prb.org/Articles/2004/IranFacesPressuretoProvideJobsAddressHealthDisparities.aspx |title=Iran Faces Pressure to Provide Jobs, Address Health Disparities by Yvette Collymore |publisher=Prb.org |date=2004-09-07 |access-date=2011-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120920043819/http://www.prb.org/Articles/2004/IranFacesPressuretoProvideJobsAddressHealthDisparities.aspx |archive-date=2012-09-20 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Frances |last=Harrison |title=Huge cost of Iranian brain drain |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/6240287.stm |publisher=BBC News |date=2007-01-08 |access-date=2007-01-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070109193238/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/6240287.stm |archive-date=2007-01-09 |url-status=live }}</ref> ইয়াৰ উপৰি ২০০৯ চনৰ ইৰাণৰ নিৰ্বাচনী প্ৰতিবাদৰ পিছত ৰাজনৈতিক দমনৰ ফলত ইৰাণৰ বুদ্ধিজীৱীসকলৰ গণ পলায়ন ঘটে, যাক "ক্ৰমবৰ্ধমান শৰণাৰ্থী পলায়ন" বুলি বৰ্ণনা কৰা হয়।<ref>"Iran's refugee exodus is exacerbating a brain drain that has stunted the country's development for years." [https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB126049484505086861?mod=rss_Today's_Most_Popular Thousands Flee Iran as Noose Tightens] DECEMBER 11, 2009</ref> ইয়াৰ উপৰি আমেৰিকাৰ কেন্দ্ৰীয় চোৰাংচোৱা সংস্থাই (CIA) "ব্ৰেইনড্ৰেইন প্ৰজেক্ট" নামৰ এক গোপন অভিযান চলাই আছে বুলিও বাতৰি প্ৰকাশ পাইছে, যাৰ লক্ষ্য হৈছে ইৰাণৰ পাৰমাণৱিক বিশেষজ্ঞসকলক নিজৰ পক্ষলৈ আকৰ্ষণ কৰা, যাৰ ফলত ইৰাণৰ পাৰমাণৱিক কাৰ্যসূচী দুৰ্বল হৈ পৰিছে। <ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/11/world/middleeast/11assess.html?src=mv | work=The New York Times | title=Beyond Iran Sanctions, Plans B, C, D and | first=David E. | last=Sanger | date=June 10, 2010 | access-date=February 24, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160725104855/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/11/world/middleeast/11assess.html?src=mv | archive-date=July 25, 2016 | url-status=live }}</ref> ২০২৪ চনৰ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী মাহত ইৰাণ চৰকাৰে শিক্ষিত ব্যক্তিৰ প্ৰব্ৰজন ৰোধৰ বাবে প্ৰচেষ্টা আৰম্ভ কৰে, যাৰ ভিতৰত চোৰাংচোৱাগিৰি বৃদ্ধি আৰু মানুহৰ চলাচলত সম্ভাৱ্য বাধা আৰোপ কৰা হয়। <ref>{{cite web | last1=فردا | first1=رادیو | url=https://www.radiofarda.com/a/32827133.html | title=برخورد با دفاتر مهاجرتی برای جلوگیری از مهاجرت بیشتر نخبگان از ایران | work=رادیو فردا }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://ir.voanews.com/a/security-view-of-the-islamic-republic-on-the-migration-of-elites/7494624.html | title=همکاری بنیاد نخبگان و پلیس گذرنامه؛ مهاجرت هم امنیتی شد | date=20 February 2024 }}</ref> ==পটভূমি== ২০০৩ চনত [[ইৰাণ]]ৰ উন্নয়নৰ ওপৰত [[ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘ]]ৰ 'সাধাৰণ দেশৰ মূল্যায়ন' অনুসৰি ১৯৯১ চনৰপৰা ১৯৯৯ চনৰ ভিতৰত ইৰাণত চাকৰি সৃষ্টিৰ ফলত "শ্ৰম বজাৰত প্ৰৱেশ কৰা লোকসকলৰ ৬০ শতাংশতকৈও কম লোকে কৰ্মসংস্থাপন লাভ কৰিছিল।" <ref name="PRB"/> কেন্দ্ৰীয় চোৰাংচোৱা সংস্থাই অনুমান কৰিছে যে ১৫ বছৰ আৰু তাতকৈ অধিক বয়সৰ ৫ কোটি ১০ লাখ ইৰাণীৰ ভিতৰত ৭৭ শতাংশই পঢ়িব আৰু লিখিব পাৰে।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/iran/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110162554/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/iran |url-status=dead |archive-date=10 January 2021 |title=World Factbook, Iran |publisher=Cia.gov |access-date=2011-03-31 }}</ref> এই জনসংখ্যাৰ এটা বৃহৎ অংশ কলেজ পৰ্যায়ত আছে বা ইয়াৰ কাষ চাপিছে। ইৰাণত 'মগজুৰ নিষ্কাশন'ৰ কাৰণসমূহ হ'ল: "বিদেশত অৰ্থনৈতিক সমৃদ্ধি আৰু উন্নত শিক্ষাৰ সুযোগ। দেশখনে নিজৰ নাগৰিকৰ প্ৰয়োজনীয়তা পূৰণ কৰিব নোৱাৰাৰ লগতে নিবনুৱা সমস্যাৰ উচ্চ হাৰ আৰু বৌদ্ধিক আৰু সামাজিক সুৰক্ষাৰ সাধাৰণ অভাৱ। এই সকলোবোৰ কাৰকে মগজুৰ নিষ্কাশনত অৰিহণা যোগায়। ইয়াৰ উপৰি ইৰানত থকা 'আত্ম-চেন্সৰশ্বিপ'এ মানুহক মুক্তভাৱে চিন্তা আৰু লিখাত বাধা প্ৰদান কৰে।" ই এনে এক বাধা যিয়ে বৈজ্ঞানিক আৰু সমাজ বিজ্ঞান দুয়োটাতে গৱেষণাক অত্যন্ত কঠিন কৰি তোলে।" <ref name="Hakimzadeh">{{cite web |url=http://www.migrationinformation.org/Profiles/display.cfm?ID=424 |title=Iran: A Vast Diaspora Abroad and Millions of Refugees at Home By Shirin Hakimzadeh |publisher=Migrationinformation.org |access-date=2011-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140215052030/http://migrationinformation.org/Profiles/display.cfm?ID=424 |archive-date=2014-02-15 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[ইৰান]]ত বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ আসনৰ বাবে হোৱা তীব্ৰ প্ৰতিদ্বন্দ্বিতাও ইয়াত গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ ভূমিকা পালন কৰে। প্ৰতি বছৰে পৰীক্ষা দিয়া প্ৰায় ১৫ লাখ লোকৰ ভিতৰত মাত্ৰ ১১ শতাংশইহে বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ত নামভৰ্তি কৰে। স্নাতক ডিগ্ৰী লাভ কৰাৰ পাছতো যুৱক-যুৱতীসকলে দেখিবলৈ পায় যে উপলব্ধ চাকৰিৰ সংখ্যা অতি কম। চৰকাৰী পৰিসংখ্যা অনুসৰি প্ৰতি বছৰে শ্ৰম বজাৰত প্ৰৱেশ কৰা ২ লাখ ৭০ হাজাৰ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ স্নাতক ছাত্ৰৰ ভিতৰত মাত্ৰ প্ৰায় ৭৫ হাজাৰ লোকেহে চাকৰি পাবলৈ সক্ষম হয়। ‘মানৱ পুঁজি’ৰ এই বহিঃগমনে প্ৰতি বছৰে চৰকাৰৰ ৩৮ বিলিয়ন ডলাৰতকৈ অধিক ব্যয় হয় আৰু এয়া তেল বিক্ৰীৰপৰা পোৱা ৰাজহৰ দুগুণ। ‘পাঁচবছৰীয়া উন্নয়ন পৰিকল্পনা’ৰ বিধানৰ অধীনত দেশে নিবনুৱা জনসাধাৰণৰ বাবে কৰ্মসংস্থাপনৰ সুযোগ সৃষ্টি কৰিবলৈ চেষ্টা কৰিছে; কিন্তু এই প্ৰচেষ্টাসমূহৰ ফল এতিয়াও সাফল্যমণ্ডিত হোৱা নাই। ফলত দেশখনে ইয়াৰ 'শিক্ষিত প্ৰবাসী সম্প্ৰদায়'ৰপৰাও লাভৱান হ'ব নোৱাৰে বা দেশত উপস্থিত নিবনুৱা বিশেষজ্ঞৰ পুলৰপৰাও লাভৱান হ'ব নোৱাৰে।" <ref name="Hakimzadeh"/> ==ইতিহাস== এটা সূত্ৰৰ মতে,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hakimzadeh |first=Shirin |date=2006-09-01 |title=Iran: A Vast Diaspora Abroad and Millions of Refugees at Home |url=https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/iran-vast-diaspora-abroad-and-millions-refugees-home |access-date=2023-01-04 |website=migrationpolicy.org |language=en}}</ref> ইৰাণৰপৰা প্ৰব্ৰজন আৰম্ভ হৈছিল ইৰাণ-ইৰাক যুদ্ধৰ বাবে সৈনিক নিযুক্তিৰপৰা। চৰকাৰক নতুন সৈনিকৰ প্ৰয়োজন আছিল আৰু সেই সৈন্যসকলৰ মাজত মৃত্যুৰ হাৰ অধিক হোৱাৰ বাবে নিযুক্তি পোৱা ইৰাণী পুৰুষসকলক আন দেশলৈ পলায়ন কৰিবলৈ বাধ্য কৰাইছিল। আন এটা সম্ভাৱ্য কাৰণ হ’ব পাৰে ১৯৭৯ চনৰ ইছলামিক বিপ্লৱৰ পিছত হোৱা ইৰাণৰ সাংস্কৃতিক বিপ্লৱ। ১৯৮০ চনৰ ১২ জুনত সাংস্কৃতিক বিপ্লৱে ইৰাণৰ উচ্চ শিক্ষা-ব্যৱস্থাক বৃহৎ সংস্কাৰ কৰাৰ প্ৰয়াসত এবছৰতকৈও অধিক সময় বন্ধ কৰি দিছিল। তথাপি শিক্ষিত ইৰাণীসকলে বিদেশলৈ প্ৰব্ৰজন কৰাৰ বিষয়টো ১৯৮০ চনৰ ৩১ অক্টোবৰতহে আলোচনা কৰা হৈছিল, যেতিয়া ইৰাণৰ বিপ্লৱী নেতা [[ৰুহোল্লাহ খোমেইনী]]য়ে ইয়াৰ গুৰুত্বক তুচ্ছজ্ঞান কৰিছিল: :''" মানুহে কয় "ব্ৰেইনৱাছিং।" এই পচি যোৱা মগজুবোৰ সাৰি যাওক। তেওঁলোকৰ বাবে শোক নকৰিবা; তেওঁলোকে জীৱনৰ নিজৰ সংজ্ঞা সৃষ্টি কৰক। প্ৰতিটো মগজু—যিটোক আপুনি "বিজ্ঞান" বুলি কয়—সন্মানৰ যোগ্য নেকি? পলাই যোৱাসকলৰ বাবে আমি বহি শোক কৰা উচিত নেকি? এই মগজুবোৰ আমেৰিকা আৰু ব্ৰিটেইনলৈ পলায়ন কৰাৰ বাবে আমি চিন্তা কৰা উচিত নেকি? এই মগজুবোৰ পলাওক, আৰু অধিক যোগ্য মগজুৱে ইয়াৰ ঠাই ল’ব। এতিয়া যেতিয়া তেওঁলোকে (ইছলামিক ৰিপাব্লিকে) পাৰ্জ চলাইছে, তেতিয়া আপুনি কিয় বিচলিত হৈছে, কিয় মানুহক হত্যা কৰিছে? আনকি এই বিপথে পৰিচালিত লোকসকলৰ পচি যোৱা মগজুৰ বিষয়েও কিয় আলোচনা কৰিছে? ইছলামক কিয় প্ৰশ্ন কৰিছে? পলায়ন কৰিছে নেকি? সিহঁতক যাবলৈ দিয়ক। সিহঁতক পলাবলৈ দিয়ক। তেওঁলোক বৈজ্ঞানিক মগজু নাছিল। সেইটোৱেই ভাল। চিন্তা নকৰিব। মাত্ৰ পলাব লাগে। [[ইৰাণ]] এতিয়া তেওঁলোকৰ বাসস্থান নহয়। এই বিপথে পৰিচালিত মগজুবোৰৰ আমাৰ কোনো কাম নাই। সিহঁতক পলাবলৈ দিয়ক। যদি আপুনি এই ঠাইখন আপোনাৰ থাকিবলৈ নহয় বুলি ভাবে, তেন্তে আপুনিও পলাই যোৱা উচিত। T "''<ref>Interview with [[Ettelaat]] newspaper, آیت الله روح الله خمینی در ملاقات با اعضای کمیته امداد روزنامه اطلاعات، 9 آبان ماه 1358 . Link: [http://www.iranpressnews.com/source/009122.htm See second paragraph] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20060509205414/http://www.iranpressnews.com/source/009122.htm |date=2006-05-09}} {{in lang|fa}}</ref> ইৰাণ–ইৰাক যুদ্ধৰ সময়তো এই ধাৰা অব্যাহত আছিল। ২০০৫ চনৰ নৱেম্বৰ মাহত ড° ফাৰাজী-ডানাৰ ঠাইত এজন ধৰ্মগুৰুৱে তেহৰাণ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ চ্যান্সেলৰৰ দায়িত্ব লয়। ইৰাণৰ ইতিহাসত প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে কোনো ডাঙৰ শিক্ষানুষ্ঠানৰ নেতৃত্বত পৰম্পৰাগত শিক্ষাবিদসকলৰ ওপৰত এজন ধৰ্মগুৰুক আধিপত্য বিস্তাৰ কৰা হৈছিল। তেওঁ অৱশ্যে কেইবাখনো গ্ৰন্থৰ ৰচনা কৰিছে আৰু ইছলামিক ন্যায়বিজ্ঞানৰ বিশেষজ্ঞ হিচাপে বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ আইন বিদ্যালয়তো অধ্যাপনা কৰিছে।<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/iran/story/2005/11/051125_mf_amid.shtml |title=نخستين رئيس روحانی برای دانشگاه تهران |publisher=BBC News |access-date=2011-10-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419062431/http://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/iran/story/2005/11/051125_mf_amid.shtml |archive-date=2012-04-19 |url-status=live }}</ref> এই দেশসমূহত একাডেমীৰ গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ পদবীত থকা ইৰাণৰ বিভাগীয় মুৰব্বী আৰু পৰিচালকৰ দীঘলীয়া তালিকাখন নিঃসন্দেহে এই বাস্তৱতাৰ এক শক্তিশালী সূচক। ইৰাণৰপৰা অহা মগজুৰ নিষ্কাশন ঘৰুৱা আৰু আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় পৰ্যায়ত সংবাদ মাধ্যমত আলোচনাৰ এক উত্তপ্ত বিষয় হৈ পৰিছে।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.payvand.com/news/01/may/1010.html|title=220,000 academics leave Iran in one year, brain drain rising - Moin warns|work=Payvand|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080409015930/http://www.payvand.com/news/01/may/1010.html|archive-date=2008-04-09|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iranian.ws/cgi-bin/iran_news/exec/view.cgi/2/3811|title=iranian.ws -&nbsp; Iranian Resources and Information.|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304031249/http://www.iranian.ws/cgi-bin/iran_news/exec/view.cgi/2/3811|archive-date=2016-03-04|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iranian.com/Opinion/2002/August/Brain/|title=THE IRANIAN: Brain drain, Ahmad Anvari|publisher=iranian.com|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071117034236/http://www.iranian.com/Opinion/2002/August/Brain/|archive-date=2007-11-17|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iranian.com/Opinion/2002/October/Brain/|title=THE IRANIAN: Brain drain, Mohammad Ala|publisher=iranian.com|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071117034245/http://www.iranian.com/Opinion/2002/October/Brain/|archive-date=2007-11-17|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.scidev.net/News/index.cfm?fuseaction=readNews&itemid=1485&language=1|title=Science & technology for global development news & analysis|publisher=SciDev.Net|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071117163807/http://www.scidev.net/News/index.cfm?fuseaction=readNews&itemid=1485&language=1|archive-date=2007-11-17|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parapundit.com/archives/002003.html|title=ParaPundit: Iran Has Highest Rate Of Emigration Brain Drain|work=parapundit.com|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080808120419/http://www.parapundit.com/archives/002003.html|archive-date=2008-08-08|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/1051803.html|title=Iran: Coping With The World's Highest Rate Of Brain Drain|newspaper=RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080413221553/http://www.rferl.org/featuresarticle/2004/03/c655d456-07df-405a-8fe9-aad51173bd66.html|archive-date=2008-04-13|url-status=live |last1=Esfandiari |first1=Golnaz }}</ref> কিছুমানে পৰিস্থিতিৰ বাবে সীমিত নিয়োগৰ সুযোগ বা দুৰ্বল শ্ৰম বজাৰ (যিটো বহুতে পশ্চিমীয়া অৰ্থনৈতিক নিষেধাজ্ঞাৰ বাবে দোষাৰোপ কৰে); আন কিছুমানে দেশৰ ক্ৰমান্বয়ে বাধাপ্ৰাপ্ত আৰু স্তব্ধ হৈ পৰা সামাজিক ব্যৱস্থাক দোষাৰোপ কৰে। এই পৰিস্থিতিৰ চিন হিচাপে ২০০৬ চনত তেতিয়াৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰপতি মাহমুদ আহমদিনেজাদে দেশৰ সকলো বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়কে তেওঁ "উদাৰ আৰু ধৰ্মনিৰপেক্ষ প্ৰভাৱ" বুলি কোৱাৰপৰা সম্পূৰ্ণৰূপে মুক্ত কৰাৰ প্ৰতিশ্ৰুতি দিয়ে।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/6196069.stm|publisher=BBC|title=Mass purges at Iran universities|first=Frances|last=Harrison|date=20 December 2006 |author-link=Frances Harrison|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080407005558/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/6196069.stm|archive-date=2008-04-07|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2006/sep/06/highereducation.iran|work=The Guardian|title=Iranian president calls for purge of liberal lecturers|first=Robert|last=Tait|date=September 6, 2006|access-date=April 22, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080907083349/http://education.guardian.co.uk/higher/worldwide/story/0,,1865731,00.html|archive-date=September 7, 2008|url-status=live}}</ref> ২০০৬ চনৰ জানুৱাৰী মাহত প্ৰকাশিত ''দ্য ৱাশ্বিংটন প্ৰিজম''ত প্ৰকাশিত এক প্ৰতিৱেদনত দাবী কৰা হৈছে যে আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় মুদ্ৰা নিধি (IMF)-এ ইৰাণক উন্নয়নশীল দেশসমূহৰ ভিতৰত "মগজুৰ নিষ্কাশন"ৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত শীৰ্ষ দেশ হিচাপে স্থান দিছে; তেওঁলোকৰ অনুমান অনুসৰি প্ৰায় ১ লাখ ৮০ হাজাৰ লোকে ইৰাণ এৰি গৈছে।<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.washingtonprism.org/showarticle.cfm?id=213 |title=Washington Prism |publisher=Washington Prism |access-date=2011-10-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080406030207/http://www.washingtonprism.org/showarticle.cfm?id=213 |archive-date=2008-04-06 |url-status=dead }}</ref> অৱশ্যে ইছলামিক ৰিপাব্লিক নিউজ এজেন্সীৰ এক প্ৰতিৱেদনত এই সংখ্যা ২ লাখ বুলি কোৱা হৈছে। ইৰাণৰ সংস্কৃতি আৰু উচ্চ শিক্ষা মন্ত্ৰ্যালয়ৰ মতে বৰ্তমান প্ৰায় ৫০,০০০ ইৰাণী ছাত্ৰ-ছাত্ৰীয়ে বিদেশত অধ্যয়ন কৰি আছে।<ref name="Iranian Embassy in Oslo">{{cite web|title=Education System in Iran|url=http://www.iran-embassy-oslo.no/embassy/educat.htm|publisher=Iranian Embassy in Oslo|access-date=7 May 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090609234100/http://www.iran-embassy-oslo.no/embassy/educat.htm|archive-date=9 June 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==ধাৰা ওলোটাই অনাৰ প্ৰচেষ্টা== শেহতীয়া বছৰবোৰত শিক্ষাবিদ আৰু উচ্চ দক্ষতাসম্পন্ন শ্ৰমিকসকলক কৰ্মসংস্থাপন আৰু গৱেষণাৰ সুযোগ প্ৰদান কৰি মগজু নিষ্কাশণ তথা মানৱ সম্পদৰ বহিঃপ্ৰৱাহৰ ৰোধৰ বাবে কেইবাটাও পদক্ষেপ গ্ৰহণ কৰা হৈছে। ২০০৩ চনৰ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী মাহত ইৰাণত বিজ্ঞান আৰু প্ৰযুক্তিবিদ্যাৰ প্ৰসাৰৰ বাবে আৰু গৱেষণা আৰু উন্নয়নত নিয়োজিত লোকসকলক উপকৃত কৰিবলৈ ইৰাণৰ নেচনেল ছায়েন্স ফাউণ্ডেশ্যন স্থাপন কৰা হয়। বিজ্ঞান আৰু প্ৰযুক্তিবিদ্যাত কাম কৰা ইৰাণীসকলৰ সুবিধাৰ্থে স্থাপন কৰা আন এটা প্ৰতিষ্ঠান হৈছে ইৰাণৰ নেচনেল জিনিয়াছ ফাউণ্ডেশ্যন।<ref>{{Cite web |title=.: بنیاد ملی نخبگان |url=http://www.bonyad-nokhbegan.ir/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080423102932/http://www.bonyad-nokhbegan.ir/ |archive-date=2008-04-23 |access-date=2008-04-22}}</ref> ইৰাণে স্নাতক অভিলেখ বিধেয়ক উত্থাপন কৰি মগজু নিষ্কাশণ তথা বহিঃপ্ৰৱাহ ৰোধ কৰাৰ চেষ্টা কৰিছে; এই বিধেয়কখনে স্নাতক পৰ্যায়ত শিক্ষাৰ আন্তৰ্জাতিককৰণ আৰু সম্প্ৰসাৰণৰ আহ্বান জনাইছে, যাৰ ফলত স্নাতকসকলৰ সংখ্যা বৃদ্ধি পাব। <ref>{{cite book |url=http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=12185&page=25 |title=Science and Technology and the Future Development of Societies: International Workshop Proceedings |publisher=Nap.edu |date=2007-02-11 |doi=10.17226/12185 |isbn=978-0-309-11927-6 |access-date=2011-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121016082426/http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=12185&page=25 |archive-date=2012-10-16 |url-status=live }}</ref> ==তথ্যৰ উৎস== {{reflist}} ==অধিক পঢ়ক== *{{cite journal|title=The brain drain from Iran to the United States|first=Akbar E|last=Torbat|journal=Middle East Journal|pages=272–295|date=Spring 2002|volume=56|issue=2}} *Migration Information: {{cite web|url=http://www.migrationinformation.org/Profiles/display.cfm?ID=424|title=Iran: A Vast Diaspora Abroad and Millions of Refugees at Home|work=migrationpolicy.org|access-date=2008-12-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140215052030/http://migrationinformation.org/Profiles/display.cfm?ID=424|archive-date=2014-02-15|url-status=live}} *UCSC Study: {{Cite web |url=http://users.soe.ucsc.edu/~daraei/files/BrainDrain.jpg |title=Baskin School of Engineering – Baskin Engineering provides unique educational opportunities, world-class research with an eye to social responsibility and diversity |access-date=2014-01-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140110001124/http://users.soe.ucsc.edu/~daraei/files/BrainDrain.jpg |archive-date=2014-01-10 |url-status=live }} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== *[https://web.archive.org/web/20100525045858/http://www.g15.org/workingpaper5.pdf International Migration, Remittances and the Brain Drain] in [[Group of 15]] Countries [[শ্ৰেণী:ইৰান]] fpzcuhtbop66jmhvy7a1s8ucsxiyb0z 605919 605918 2026-05-11T23:56:04Z নৰুনা বৰুৱা 44897 /* ইতিহাস */ 605919 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Emigration of highly educated people from Iran}} '''ইৰাণৰপৰা মানৱ মূলধনৰ বহিঃপ্ৰৱাহ''' ১৯৭৯ চনৰ ইছলামিক বিপ্লৱৰ পিছৰেপৰা [[ইৰান]]ৰপৰা মানৱ পুঁজিৰ বহিঃপ্ৰৱাহ এক উল্লেখযোগ্য পৰিঘটনা।<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mahmoudi |first=Hassan |date=2021-04-21 |title=Iran Loses Highly Educated and Skilled Citizens during Long-Running "Brain Drain" |url=https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/iran-brain-drain-emigration |access-date=2022-03-20 |website=migrationpolicy.org |language=en}}</ref> ১৯৯০ চনৰ আৰম্ভণিতে প্ৰতি বছৰে ১ লাখ ৫০ হাজাৰতকৈ অধিক ইৰাণীয়ে ইছলামিক গণৰাজ্য এৰি থৈ যায় <ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/1999/06/carringt.htm|title=IMF research economist Enrica Detragiache and U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics economist William J. Carrington in the IMF's quarterly magazine, ''Finance and Development'' (v. 36, n. 2 (July 1999)|access-date=2011-12-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090831103411/http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/1999/06/carringt.htm|archive-date=2009-08-31|url-status=live}}</ref> আৰু সেই সময়ত উচ্চতৰ মাধ্যমিক শিক্ষা গ্ৰহণ কৰা সকলো ইৰাণীৰ অনুমাণিক ২৫ শতাংশই বিদেশত অ'ইচিডিৰ মানদণ্ডৰ উন্নত দেশত বাস কৰিছিল।<ref name="auto"/><ref name="RFERLclarif">{{cite web |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/1342682.html |title=Clarification On The 'Brain Drain.' |publisher=Rferl.org |date=2004-04-12 |access-date=2011-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110526124322/http://www.rferl.org/content/article/1342682.html |archive-date=2011-05-26 |url-status=live }}</ref> ২০০৯ চনৰ আই এম এফৰ প্ৰতিৱেদনত কোৱা হৈছে যে ইৰাণ শৈক্ষিক অভিজাত শ্ৰেণী হেৰুৱাই পেলোৱা দেশসমূহৰ তালিকাৰ শীৰ্ষত আছে; ই ১৫০,০০০ৰপৰা ১ লাখ ৮০,০০০ ভিতৰত বিশেষজ্ঞ হেৰুৱাইছিল। যিটো মোটামুটিভাৱে যথেষ্ট মূলধনী লোকচানৰ সমতুল্য। <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.payvand.com/news/12/may/1297.html|title=Iran Faced With Growing Brain Drain: Report|work=payvand.com|access-date=2012-06-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170425200026/http://www.payvand.com/news/12/may/1297.html|archive-date=2017-04-25|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="PRB">{{cite web |url=http://www.prb.org/Articles/2004/IranFacesPressuretoProvideJobsAddressHealthDisparities.aspx |title=Iran Faces Pressure to Provide Jobs, Address Health Disparities by Yvette Collymore |publisher=Prb.org |date=2004-09-07 |access-date=2011-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120920043819/http://www.prb.org/Articles/2004/IranFacesPressuretoProvideJobsAddressHealthDisparities.aspx |archive-date=2012-09-20 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Frances |last=Harrison |title=Huge cost of Iranian brain drain |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/6240287.stm |publisher=BBC News |date=2007-01-08 |access-date=2007-01-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070109193238/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/6240287.stm |archive-date=2007-01-09 |url-status=live }}</ref> ইয়াৰ উপৰি ২০০৯ চনৰ ইৰাণৰ নিৰ্বাচনী প্ৰতিবাদৰ পিছত ৰাজনৈতিক দমনৰ ফলত ইৰাণৰ বুদ্ধিজীৱীসকলৰ গণ পলায়ন ঘটে, যাক "ক্ৰমবৰ্ধমান শৰণাৰ্থী পলায়ন" বুলি বৰ্ণনা কৰা হয়।<ref>"Iran's refugee exodus is exacerbating a brain drain that has stunted the country's development for years." [https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB126049484505086861?mod=rss_Today's_Most_Popular Thousands Flee Iran as Noose Tightens] DECEMBER 11, 2009</ref> ইয়াৰ উপৰি আমেৰিকাৰ কেন্দ্ৰীয় চোৰাংচোৱা সংস্থাই (CIA) "ব্ৰেইনড্ৰেইন প্ৰজেক্ট" নামৰ এক গোপন অভিযান চলাই আছে বুলিও বাতৰি প্ৰকাশ পাইছে, যাৰ লক্ষ্য হৈছে ইৰাণৰ পাৰমাণৱিক বিশেষজ্ঞসকলক নিজৰ পক্ষলৈ আকৰ্ষণ কৰা, যাৰ ফলত ইৰাণৰ পাৰমাণৱিক কাৰ্যসূচী দুৰ্বল হৈ পৰিছে। <ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/11/world/middleeast/11assess.html?src=mv | work=The New York Times | title=Beyond Iran Sanctions, Plans B, C, D and | first=David E. | last=Sanger | date=June 10, 2010 | access-date=February 24, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160725104855/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/11/world/middleeast/11assess.html?src=mv | archive-date=July 25, 2016 | url-status=live }}</ref> ২০২৪ চনৰ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী মাহত ইৰাণ চৰকাৰে শিক্ষিত ব্যক্তিৰ প্ৰব্ৰজন ৰোধৰ বাবে প্ৰচেষ্টা আৰম্ভ কৰে, যাৰ ভিতৰত চোৰাংচোৱাগিৰি বৃদ্ধি আৰু মানুহৰ চলাচলত সম্ভাৱ্য বাধা আৰোপ কৰা হয়। <ref>{{cite web | last1=فردا | first1=رادیو | url=https://www.radiofarda.com/a/32827133.html | title=برخورد با دفاتر مهاجرتی برای جلوگیری از مهاجرت بیشتر نخبگان از ایران | work=رادیو فردا }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://ir.voanews.com/a/security-view-of-the-islamic-republic-on-the-migration-of-elites/7494624.html | title=همکاری بنیاد نخبگان و پلیس گذرنامه؛ مهاجرت هم امنیتی شد | date=20 February 2024 }}</ref> ==পটভূমি== ২০০৩ চনত [[ইৰাণ]]ৰ উন্নয়নৰ ওপৰত [[ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘ]]ৰ 'সাধাৰণ দেশৰ মূল্যায়ন' অনুসৰি ১৯৯১ চনৰপৰা ১৯৯৯ চনৰ ভিতৰত ইৰাণত চাকৰি সৃষ্টিৰ ফলত "শ্ৰম বজাৰত প্ৰৱেশ কৰা লোকসকলৰ ৬০ শতাংশতকৈও কম লোকে কৰ্মসংস্থাপন লাভ কৰিছিল।" <ref name="PRB"/> কেন্দ্ৰীয় চোৰাংচোৱা সংস্থাই অনুমান কৰিছে যে ১৫ বছৰ আৰু তাতকৈ অধিক বয়সৰ ৫ কোটি ১০ লাখ ইৰাণীৰ ভিতৰত ৭৭ শতাংশই পঢ়িব আৰু লিখিব পাৰে।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/iran/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110162554/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/iran |url-status=dead |archive-date=10 January 2021 |title=World Factbook, Iran |publisher=Cia.gov |access-date=2011-03-31 }}</ref> এই জনসংখ্যাৰ এটা বৃহৎ অংশ কলেজ পৰ্যায়ত আছে বা ইয়াৰ কাষ চাপিছে। ইৰাণত 'মগজুৰ নিষ্কাশন'ৰ কাৰণসমূহ হ'ল: "বিদেশত অৰ্থনৈতিক সমৃদ্ধি আৰু উন্নত শিক্ষাৰ সুযোগ। দেশখনে নিজৰ নাগৰিকৰ প্ৰয়োজনীয়তা পূৰণ কৰিব নোৱাৰাৰ লগতে নিবনুৱা সমস্যাৰ উচ্চ হাৰ আৰু বৌদ্ধিক আৰু সামাজিক সুৰক্ষাৰ সাধাৰণ অভাৱ। এই সকলোবোৰ কাৰকে মগজুৰ নিষ্কাশনত অৰিহণা যোগায়। ইয়াৰ উপৰি ইৰানত থকা 'আত্ম-চেন্সৰশ্বিপ'এ মানুহক মুক্তভাৱে চিন্তা আৰু লিখাত বাধা প্ৰদান কৰে।" ই এনে এক বাধা যিয়ে বৈজ্ঞানিক আৰু সমাজ বিজ্ঞান দুয়োটাতে গৱেষণাক অত্যন্ত কঠিন কৰি তোলে।" <ref name="Hakimzadeh">{{cite web |url=http://www.migrationinformation.org/Profiles/display.cfm?ID=424 |title=Iran: A Vast Diaspora Abroad and Millions of Refugees at Home By Shirin Hakimzadeh |publisher=Migrationinformation.org |access-date=2011-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140215052030/http://migrationinformation.org/Profiles/display.cfm?ID=424 |archive-date=2014-02-15 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[ইৰান]]ত বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ আসনৰ বাবে হোৱা তীব্ৰ প্ৰতিদ্বন্দ্বিতাও ইয়াত গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ ভূমিকা পালন কৰে। প্ৰতি বছৰে পৰীক্ষা দিয়া প্ৰায় ১৫ লাখ লোকৰ ভিতৰত মাত্ৰ ১১ শতাংশইহে বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ত নামভৰ্তি কৰে। স্নাতক ডিগ্ৰী লাভ কৰাৰ পাছতো যুৱক-যুৱতীসকলে দেখিবলৈ পায় যে উপলব্ধ চাকৰিৰ সংখ্যা অতি কম। চৰকাৰী পৰিসংখ্যা অনুসৰি প্ৰতি বছৰে শ্ৰম বজাৰত প্ৰৱেশ কৰা ২ লাখ ৭০ হাজাৰ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ স্নাতক ছাত্ৰৰ ভিতৰত মাত্ৰ প্ৰায় ৭৫ হাজাৰ লোকেহে চাকৰি পাবলৈ সক্ষম হয়। ‘মানৱ পুঁজি’ৰ এই বহিঃগমনে প্ৰতি বছৰে চৰকাৰৰ ৩৮ বিলিয়ন ডলাৰতকৈ অধিক ব্যয় হয় আৰু এয়া তেল বিক্ৰীৰপৰা পোৱা ৰাজহৰ দুগুণ। ‘পাঁচবছৰীয়া উন্নয়ন পৰিকল্পনা’ৰ বিধানৰ অধীনত দেশে নিবনুৱা জনসাধাৰণৰ বাবে কৰ্মসংস্থাপনৰ সুযোগ সৃষ্টি কৰিবলৈ চেষ্টা কৰিছে; কিন্তু এই প্ৰচেষ্টাসমূহৰ ফল এতিয়াও সাফল্যমণ্ডিত হোৱা নাই। ফলত দেশখনে ইয়াৰ 'শিক্ষিত প্ৰবাসী সম্প্ৰদায়'ৰপৰাও লাভৱান হ'ব নোৱাৰে বা দেশত উপস্থিত নিবনুৱা বিশেষজ্ঞৰ পুলৰপৰাও লাভৱান হ'ব নোৱাৰে।" <ref name="Hakimzadeh"/> ==ইতিহাস== এটা সূত্ৰৰ মতে,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hakimzadeh |first=Shirin |date=2006-09-01 |title=Iran: A Vast Diaspora Abroad and Millions of Refugees at Home |url=https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/iran-vast-diaspora-abroad-and-millions-refugees-home |access-date=2023-01-04 |website=migrationpolicy.org |language=en}}</ref> ইৰাণৰপৰা প্ৰব্ৰজন আৰম্ভ হৈছিল ইৰাণ-ইৰাক যুদ্ধৰ বাবে সৈনিক নিযুক্তিৰপৰা। চৰকাৰক নতুন সৈনিকৰ প্ৰয়োজন আছিল আৰু সেই সৈন্যসকলৰ মাজত মৃত্যুৰ হাৰ অধিক হোৱাৰ বাবে নিযুক্তি পোৱা ইৰাণী পুৰুষসকলক আন দেশলৈ পলায়ন কৰিবলৈ বাধ্য কৰাইছিল। আন এটা সম্ভাৱ্য কাৰণ হ’ব পাৰে ১৯৭৯ চনৰ ইছলামিক বিপ্লৱৰ পিছত হোৱা ইৰাণৰ সাংস্কৃতিক বিপ্লৱ। ১৯৮০ চনৰ ১২ জুনত সাংস্কৃতিক বিপ্লৱে ইৰাণৰ উচ্চ শিক্ষা-ব্যৱস্থাক বৃহৎ সংস্কাৰ কৰাৰ প্ৰয়াসত এবছৰতকৈও অধিক সময় বন্ধ কৰি দিছিল। তথাপি শিক্ষিত ইৰাণীসকলে বিদেশলৈ প্ৰব্ৰজন কৰাৰ বিষয়টো ১৯৮০ চনৰ ৩১ অক্টোবৰতহে আলোচনা কৰা হৈছিল, যেতিয়া ইৰাণৰ বিপ্লৱী নেতা [[ৰুহোল্লাহ খোমেইনী]]য়ে ইয়াৰ গুৰুত্বক তুচ্ছজ্ঞান কৰিছিল: :''" মানুহে কয় "ব্ৰেইনৱাছিং।" এই পচি যোৱা মগজুবোৰ সাৰি যাওক। তেওঁলোকৰ বাবে শোক নকৰিবা; তেওঁলোকে জীৱনৰ নিজৰ সংজ্ঞা সৃষ্টি কৰক। প্ৰতিটো মগজু—যিটোক আপুনি "বিজ্ঞান" বুলি কয়—সন্মানৰ যোগ্য নেকি? পলাই যোৱাসকলৰ বাবে আমি বহি শোক কৰা উচিত নেকি? এই মগজুবোৰ আমেৰিকা আৰু ব্ৰিটেইনলৈ পলায়ন কৰাৰ বাবে আমি চিন্তা কৰা উচিত নেকি? এই মগজুবোৰ পলাওক, আৰু অধিক যোগ্য মগজুৱে ইয়াৰ ঠাই ল’ব। এতিয়া যেতিয়া তেওঁলোকে (ইছলামিক ৰিপাব্লিকে) পাৰ্জ চলাইছে, তেতিয়া আপুনি কিয় বিচলিত হৈছে, কিয় মানুহক হত্যা কৰিছে? আনকি এই বিপথে পৰিচালিত লোকসকলৰ পচি যোৱা মগজুৰ বিষয়েও কিয় আলোচনা কৰিছে? ইছলামক কিয় প্ৰশ্ন কৰিছে? পলায়ন কৰিছে নেকি? সিহঁতক যাবলৈ দিয়ক। সিহঁতক পলাবলৈ দিয়ক। তেওঁলোক বৈজ্ঞানিক মগজু নাছিল। সেইটোৱেই ভাল। চিন্তা নকৰিব। মাত্ৰ পলাব লাগে। [[ইৰাণ]] এতিয়া তেওঁলোকৰ বাসস্থান নহয়। এই বিপথে পৰিচালিত মগজুবোৰৰ আমাৰ কোনো কাম নাই। সিহঁতক পলাবলৈ দিয়ক। যদি আপুনি এই ঠাইখন আপোনাৰ থাকিবলৈ নহয় বুলি ভাবে, তেন্তে আপুনিও পলাই যোৱা উচিত। T "''<ref>Interview with [[Ettelaat]] newspaper, آیت الله روح الله خمینی در ملاقات با اعضای کمیته امداد روزنامه اطلاعات، 9 آبان ماه 1358 . Link: [http://www.iranpressnews.com/source/009122.htm See second paragraph] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20060509205414/http://www.iranpressnews.com/source/009122.htm |date=2006-05-09}} {{in lang|fa}}</ref> ইৰাণ–ইৰাক যুদ্ধৰ সময়তো এই ধাৰা অব্যাহত আছিল। ২০০৫ চনৰ নৱেম্বৰ মাহত ড° ফাৰাজী-ডানাৰ ঠাইত এজন ধৰ্মগুৰুৱে তেহৰাণ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ চ্যান্সেলৰৰ দায়িত্ব লয়। ইৰাণৰ ইতিহাসত প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে কোনো ডাঙৰ শিক্ষানুষ্ঠানৰ নেতৃত্বত পৰম্পৰাগত শিক্ষাবিদসকলৰ ওপৰত এজন ধৰ্মগুৰুক আধিপত্য বিস্তাৰ কৰা হৈছিল। তেওঁ অৱশ্যে কেইবাখনো গ্ৰন্থৰ ৰচনা কৰিছে আৰু ইছলামিক ন্যায়বিজ্ঞানৰ বিশেষজ্ঞ হিচাপে বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ আইন বিদ্যালয়তো অধ্যাপনা কৰিছে।<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/iran/story/2005/11/051125_mf_amid.shtml |title=نخستين رئيس روحانی برای دانشگاه تهران |publisher=BBC News |access-date=2011-10-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419062431/http://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/iran/story/2005/11/051125_mf_amid.shtml |archive-date=2012-04-19 |url-status=live }}</ref> এই দেশসমূহত একাডেমীৰ গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ পদবীত থকা ইৰাণৰ বিভাগীয় মুৰব্বী আৰু পৰিচালকৰ দীঘলীয়া তালিকাখন নিঃসন্দেহে এই বাস্তৱতাৰ এক শক্তিশালী সূচক। ইৰাণৰপৰা অহা মগজুৰ নিষ্কাশন ঘৰুৱা আৰু আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় পৰ্যায়ত সংবাদ মাধ্যমত আলোচনাৰ এক উত্তপ্ত বিষয় হৈ পৰিছে।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.payvand.com/news/01/may/1010.html|title=220,000 academics leave Iran in one year, brain drain rising - Moin warns|work=Payvand|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080409015930/http://www.payvand.com/news/01/may/1010.html|archive-date=2008-04-09|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iranian.ws/cgi-bin/iran_news/exec/view.cgi/2/3811|title=iranian.ws -&nbsp; Iranian Resources and Information.|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304031249/http://www.iranian.ws/cgi-bin/iran_news/exec/view.cgi/2/3811|archive-date=2016-03-04|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iranian.com/Opinion/2002/August/Brain/|title=THE IRANIAN: Brain drain, Ahmad Anvari|publisher=iranian.com|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071117034236/http://www.iranian.com/Opinion/2002/August/Brain/|archive-date=2007-11-17|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iranian.com/Opinion/2002/October/Brain/|title=THE IRANIAN: Brain drain, Mohammad Ala|publisher=iranian.com|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071117034245/http://www.iranian.com/Opinion/2002/October/Brain/|archive-date=2007-11-17|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.scidev.net/News/index.cfm?fuseaction=readNews&itemid=1485&language=1|title=Science & technology for global development news & analysis|publisher=SciDev.Net|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071117163807/http://www.scidev.net/News/index.cfm?fuseaction=readNews&itemid=1485&language=1|archive-date=2007-11-17|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parapundit.com/archives/002003.html|title=ParaPundit: Iran Has Highest Rate Of Emigration Brain Drain|work=parapundit.com|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080808120419/http://www.parapundit.com/archives/002003.html|archive-date=2008-08-08|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/1051803.html|title=Iran: Coping With The World's Highest Rate Of Brain Drain|newspaper=RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080413221553/http://www.rferl.org/featuresarticle/2004/03/c655d456-07df-405a-8fe9-aad51173bd66.html|archive-date=2008-04-13|url-status=live |last1=Esfandiari |first1=Golnaz }}</ref> কিছুমানে পৰিস্থিতিৰ বাবে সীমিত নিয়োগৰ সুযোগ বা দুৰ্বল শ্ৰম বজাৰ (যিটো বহুতে পশ্চিমীয়া অৰ্থনৈতিক নিষেধাজ্ঞাৰ বাবে দোষাৰোপ কৰে); আন কিছুমানে দেশৰ ক্ৰমান্বয়ে বাধাপ্ৰাপ্ত আৰু স্তব্ধ হৈ পৰা সামাজিক ব্যৱস্থাক দোষাৰোপ কৰে। এই পৰিস্থিতিৰ চিন হিচাপে ২০০৬ চনত তেতিয়াৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰপতি মাহমুদ আহমদিনেজাদে দেশৰ সকলো বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়কে তেওঁ "উদাৰ আৰু ধৰ্মনিৰপেক্ষ প্ৰভাৱ" বুলি কোৱাৰপৰা সম্পূৰ্ণৰূপে মুক্ত কৰাৰ প্ৰতিশ্ৰুতি দিয়ে।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/6196069.stm|publisher=BBC|title=Mass purges at Iran universities|first=Frances|last=Harrison|date=20 December 2006 |author-link=Frances Harrison|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080407005558/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/6196069.stm|archive-date=2008-04-07|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2006/sep/06/highereducation.iran|work=The Guardian|title=Iranian president calls for purge of liberal lecturers|first=Robert|last=Tait|date=September 6, 2006|access-date=April 22, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080907083349/http://education.guardian.co.uk/higher/worldwide/story/0,,1865731,00.html|archive-date=September 7, 2008|url-status=live}}</ref> ২০০৬ চনৰ জানুৱাৰী মাহত প্ৰকাশিত ''দ্য ৱাশ্বিংটন প্ৰিজম''ত প্ৰকাশিত এক প্ৰতিৱেদনত দাবী কৰা হৈছে যে [[আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় মুদ্ৰা নিধি]] (IMF)-এ ইৰাণক উন্নয়নশীল দেশসমূহৰ ভিতৰত "মগজুৰ নিষ্কাশন"ৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত শীৰ্ষ দেশ হিচাপে স্থান দিছে; তেওঁলোকৰ অনুমান অনুসৰি প্ৰায় ১ লাখ ৮০ হাজাৰ লোকে ইৰাণ এৰি গৈছে।<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.washingtonprism.org/showarticle.cfm?id=213 |title=Washington Prism |publisher=Washington Prism |access-date=2011-10-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080406030207/http://www.washingtonprism.org/showarticle.cfm?id=213 |archive-date=2008-04-06 |url-status=dead }}</ref> অৱশ্যে ইছলামিক ৰিপাব্লিক নিউজ এজেন্সীৰ এক প্ৰতিৱেদনত এই সংখ্যা ২ লাখ বুলি কোৱা হৈছে। ইৰাণৰ সংস্কৃতি আৰু উচ্চ শিক্ষা মন্ত্ৰ্যালয়ৰ মতে বৰ্তমান প্ৰায় ৫০,০০০ ইৰাণী ছাত্ৰ-ছাত্ৰীয়ে বিদেশত অধ্যয়ন কৰি আছে।<ref name="Iranian Embassy in Oslo">{{cite web|title=Education System in Iran|url=http://www.iran-embassy-oslo.no/embassy/educat.htm|publisher=Iranian Embassy in Oslo|access-date=7 May 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090609234100/http://www.iran-embassy-oslo.no/embassy/educat.htm|archive-date=9 June 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==ধাৰা ওলোটাই অনাৰ প্ৰচেষ্টা== শেহতীয়া বছৰবোৰত শিক্ষাবিদ আৰু উচ্চ দক্ষতাসম্পন্ন শ্ৰমিকসকলক কৰ্মসংস্থাপন আৰু গৱেষণাৰ সুযোগ প্ৰদান কৰি মগজু নিষ্কাশণ তথা মানৱ সম্পদৰ বহিঃপ্ৰৱাহৰ ৰোধৰ বাবে কেইবাটাও পদক্ষেপ গ্ৰহণ কৰা হৈছে। ২০০৩ চনৰ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী মাহত ইৰাণত বিজ্ঞান আৰু প্ৰযুক্তিবিদ্যাৰ প্ৰসাৰৰ বাবে আৰু গৱেষণা আৰু উন্নয়নত নিয়োজিত লোকসকলক উপকৃত কৰিবলৈ ইৰাণৰ নেচনেল ছায়েন্স ফাউণ্ডেশ্যন স্থাপন কৰা হয়। বিজ্ঞান আৰু প্ৰযুক্তিবিদ্যাত কাম কৰা ইৰাণীসকলৰ সুবিধাৰ্থে স্থাপন কৰা আন এটা প্ৰতিষ্ঠান হৈছে ইৰাণৰ নেচনেল জিনিয়াছ ফাউণ্ডেশ্যন।<ref>{{Cite web |title=.: بنیاد ملی نخبگان |url=http://www.bonyad-nokhbegan.ir/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080423102932/http://www.bonyad-nokhbegan.ir/ |archive-date=2008-04-23 |access-date=2008-04-22}}</ref> ইৰাণে স্নাতক অভিলেখ বিধেয়ক উত্থাপন কৰি মগজু নিষ্কাশণ তথা বহিঃপ্ৰৱাহ ৰোধ কৰাৰ চেষ্টা কৰিছে; এই বিধেয়কখনে স্নাতক পৰ্যায়ত শিক্ষাৰ আন্তৰ্জাতিককৰণ আৰু সম্প্ৰসাৰণৰ আহ্বান জনাইছে, যাৰ ফলত স্নাতকসকলৰ সংখ্যা বৃদ্ধি পাব। <ref>{{cite book |url=http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=12185&page=25 |title=Science and Technology and the Future Development of Societies: International Workshop Proceedings |publisher=Nap.edu |date=2007-02-11 |doi=10.17226/12185 |isbn=978-0-309-11927-6 |access-date=2011-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121016082426/http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=12185&page=25 |archive-date=2012-10-16 |url-status=live }}</ref> ==তথ্যৰ উৎস== {{reflist}} ==অধিক পঢ়ক== *{{cite journal|title=The brain drain from Iran to the United States|first=Akbar E|last=Torbat|journal=Middle East Journal|pages=272–295|date=Spring 2002|volume=56|issue=2}} *Migration Information: {{cite web|url=http://www.migrationinformation.org/Profiles/display.cfm?ID=424|title=Iran: A Vast Diaspora Abroad and Millions of Refugees at Home|work=migrationpolicy.org|access-date=2008-12-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140215052030/http://migrationinformation.org/Profiles/display.cfm?ID=424|archive-date=2014-02-15|url-status=live}} *UCSC Study: {{Cite web |url=http://users.soe.ucsc.edu/~daraei/files/BrainDrain.jpg |title=Baskin School of Engineering – Baskin Engineering provides unique educational opportunities, world-class research with an eye to social responsibility and diversity |access-date=2014-01-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140110001124/http://users.soe.ucsc.edu/~daraei/files/BrainDrain.jpg |archive-date=2014-01-10 |url-status=live }} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== *[https://web.archive.org/web/20100525045858/http://www.g15.org/workingpaper5.pdf International Migration, Remittances and the Brain Drain] in [[Group of 15]] Countries [[শ্ৰেণী:ইৰান]] 2pultskwcgki2dp6ssqqmhilw1rdf7f 605920 605919 2026-05-11T23:57:27Z নৰুনা বৰুৱা 44897 /* ইতিহাস */ 605920 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Emigration of highly educated people from Iran}} '''ইৰাণৰপৰা মানৱ মূলধনৰ বহিঃপ্ৰৱাহ''' ১৯৭৯ চনৰ ইছলামিক বিপ্লৱৰ পিছৰেপৰা [[ইৰান]]ৰপৰা মানৱ পুঁজিৰ বহিঃপ্ৰৱাহ এক উল্লেখযোগ্য পৰিঘটনা।<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mahmoudi |first=Hassan |date=2021-04-21 |title=Iran Loses Highly Educated and Skilled Citizens during Long-Running "Brain Drain" |url=https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/iran-brain-drain-emigration |access-date=2022-03-20 |website=migrationpolicy.org |language=en}}</ref> ১৯৯০ চনৰ আৰম্ভণিতে প্ৰতি বছৰে ১ লাখ ৫০ হাজাৰতকৈ অধিক ইৰাণীয়ে ইছলামিক গণৰাজ্য এৰি থৈ যায় <ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/1999/06/carringt.htm|title=IMF research economist Enrica Detragiache and U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics economist William J. Carrington in the IMF's quarterly magazine, ''Finance and Development'' (v. 36, n. 2 (July 1999)|access-date=2011-12-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090831103411/http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/1999/06/carringt.htm|archive-date=2009-08-31|url-status=live}}</ref> আৰু সেই সময়ত উচ্চতৰ মাধ্যমিক শিক্ষা গ্ৰহণ কৰা সকলো ইৰাণীৰ অনুমাণিক ২৫ শতাংশই বিদেশত অ'ইচিডিৰ মানদণ্ডৰ উন্নত দেশত বাস কৰিছিল।<ref name="auto"/><ref name="RFERLclarif">{{cite web |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/1342682.html |title=Clarification On The 'Brain Drain.' |publisher=Rferl.org |date=2004-04-12 |access-date=2011-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110526124322/http://www.rferl.org/content/article/1342682.html |archive-date=2011-05-26 |url-status=live }}</ref> ২০০৯ চনৰ আই এম এফৰ প্ৰতিৱেদনত কোৱা হৈছে যে ইৰাণ শৈক্ষিক অভিজাত শ্ৰেণী হেৰুৱাই পেলোৱা দেশসমূহৰ তালিকাৰ শীৰ্ষত আছে; ই ১৫০,০০০ৰপৰা ১ লাখ ৮০,০০০ ভিতৰত বিশেষজ্ঞ হেৰুৱাইছিল। যিটো মোটামুটিভাৱে যথেষ্ট মূলধনী লোকচানৰ সমতুল্য। <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.payvand.com/news/12/may/1297.html|title=Iran Faced With Growing Brain Drain: Report|work=payvand.com|access-date=2012-06-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170425200026/http://www.payvand.com/news/12/may/1297.html|archive-date=2017-04-25|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="PRB">{{cite web |url=http://www.prb.org/Articles/2004/IranFacesPressuretoProvideJobsAddressHealthDisparities.aspx |title=Iran Faces Pressure to Provide Jobs, Address Health Disparities by Yvette Collymore |publisher=Prb.org |date=2004-09-07 |access-date=2011-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120920043819/http://www.prb.org/Articles/2004/IranFacesPressuretoProvideJobsAddressHealthDisparities.aspx |archive-date=2012-09-20 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Frances |last=Harrison |title=Huge cost of Iranian brain drain |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/6240287.stm |publisher=BBC News |date=2007-01-08 |access-date=2007-01-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070109193238/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/6240287.stm |archive-date=2007-01-09 |url-status=live }}</ref> ইয়াৰ উপৰি ২০০৯ চনৰ ইৰাণৰ নিৰ্বাচনী প্ৰতিবাদৰ পিছত ৰাজনৈতিক দমনৰ ফলত ইৰাণৰ বুদ্ধিজীৱীসকলৰ গণ পলায়ন ঘটে, যাক "ক্ৰমবৰ্ধমান শৰণাৰ্থী পলায়ন" বুলি বৰ্ণনা কৰা হয়।<ref>"Iran's refugee exodus is exacerbating a brain drain that has stunted the country's development for years." [https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB126049484505086861?mod=rss_Today's_Most_Popular Thousands Flee Iran as Noose Tightens] DECEMBER 11, 2009</ref> ইয়াৰ উপৰি আমেৰিকাৰ কেন্দ্ৰীয় চোৰাংচোৱা সংস্থাই (CIA) "ব্ৰেইনড্ৰেইন প্ৰজেক্ট" নামৰ এক গোপন অভিযান চলাই আছে বুলিও বাতৰি প্ৰকাশ পাইছে, যাৰ লক্ষ্য হৈছে ইৰাণৰ পাৰমাণৱিক বিশেষজ্ঞসকলক নিজৰ পক্ষলৈ আকৰ্ষণ কৰা, যাৰ ফলত ইৰাণৰ পাৰমাণৱিক কাৰ্যসূচী দুৰ্বল হৈ পৰিছে। <ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/11/world/middleeast/11assess.html?src=mv | work=The New York Times | title=Beyond Iran Sanctions, Plans B, C, D and | first=David E. | last=Sanger | date=June 10, 2010 | access-date=February 24, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160725104855/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/11/world/middleeast/11assess.html?src=mv | archive-date=July 25, 2016 | url-status=live }}</ref> ২০২৪ চনৰ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী মাহত ইৰাণ চৰকাৰে শিক্ষিত ব্যক্তিৰ প্ৰব্ৰজন ৰোধৰ বাবে প্ৰচেষ্টা আৰম্ভ কৰে, যাৰ ভিতৰত চোৰাংচোৱাগিৰি বৃদ্ধি আৰু মানুহৰ চলাচলত সম্ভাৱ্য বাধা আৰোপ কৰা হয়। <ref>{{cite web | last1=فردا | first1=رادیو | url=https://www.radiofarda.com/a/32827133.html | title=برخورد با دفاتر مهاجرتی برای جلوگیری از مهاجرت بیشتر نخبگان از ایران | work=رادیو فردا }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://ir.voanews.com/a/security-view-of-the-islamic-republic-on-the-migration-of-elites/7494624.html | title=همکاری بنیاد نخبگان و پلیس گذرنامه؛ مهاجرت هم امنیتی شد | date=20 February 2024 }}</ref> ==পটভূমি== ২০০৩ চনত [[ইৰাণ]]ৰ উন্নয়নৰ ওপৰত [[ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘ]]ৰ 'সাধাৰণ দেশৰ মূল্যায়ন' অনুসৰি ১৯৯১ চনৰপৰা ১৯৯৯ চনৰ ভিতৰত ইৰাণত চাকৰি সৃষ্টিৰ ফলত "শ্ৰম বজাৰত প্ৰৱেশ কৰা লোকসকলৰ ৬০ শতাংশতকৈও কম লোকে কৰ্মসংস্থাপন লাভ কৰিছিল।" <ref name="PRB"/> কেন্দ্ৰীয় চোৰাংচোৱা সংস্থাই অনুমান কৰিছে যে ১৫ বছৰ আৰু তাতকৈ অধিক বয়সৰ ৫ কোটি ১০ লাখ ইৰাণীৰ ভিতৰত ৭৭ শতাংশই পঢ়িব আৰু লিখিব পাৰে।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/iran/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110162554/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/iran |url-status=dead |archive-date=10 January 2021 |title=World Factbook, Iran |publisher=Cia.gov |access-date=2011-03-31 }}</ref> এই জনসংখ্যাৰ এটা বৃহৎ অংশ কলেজ পৰ্যায়ত আছে বা ইয়াৰ কাষ চাপিছে। ইৰাণত 'মগজুৰ নিষ্কাশন'ৰ কাৰণসমূহ হ'ল: "বিদেশত অৰ্থনৈতিক সমৃদ্ধি আৰু উন্নত শিক্ষাৰ সুযোগ। দেশখনে নিজৰ নাগৰিকৰ প্ৰয়োজনীয়তা পূৰণ কৰিব নোৱাৰাৰ লগতে নিবনুৱা সমস্যাৰ উচ্চ হাৰ আৰু বৌদ্ধিক আৰু সামাজিক সুৰক্ষাৰ সাধাৰণ অভাৱ। এই সকলোবোৰ কাৰকে মগজুৰ নিষ্কাশনত অৰিহণা যোগায়। ইয়াৰ উপৰি ইৰানত থকা 'আত্ম-চেন্সৰশ্বিপ'এ মানুহক মুক্তভাৱে চিন্তা আৰু লিখাত বাধা প্ৰদান কৰে।" ই এনে এক বাধা যিয়ে বৈজ্ঞানিক আৰু সমাজ বিজ্ঞান দুয়োটাতে গৱেষণাক অত্যন্ত কঠিন কৰি তোলে।" <ref name="Hakimzadeh">{{cite web |url=http://www.migrationinformation.org/Profiles/display.cfm?ID=424 |title=Iran: A Vast Diaspora Abroad and Millions of Refugees at Home By Shirin Hakimzadeh |publisher=Migrationinformation.org |access-date=2011-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140215052030/http://migrationinformation.org/Profiles/display.cfm?ID=424 |archive-date=2014-02-15 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[ইৰান]]ত বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ আসনৰ বাবে হোৱা তীব্ৰ প্ৰতিদ্বন্দ্বিতাও ইয়াত গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ ভূমিকা পালন কৰে। প্ৰতি বছৰে পৰীক্ষা দিয়া প্ৰায় ১৫ লাখ লোকৰ ভিতৰত মাত্ৰ ১১ শতাংশইহে বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ত নামভৰ্তি কৰে। স্নাতক ডিগ্ৰী লাভ কৰাৰ পাছতো যুৱক-যুৱতীসকলে দেখিবলৈ পায় যে উপলব্ধ চাকৰিৰ সংখ্যা অতি কম। চৰকাৰী পৰিসংখ্যা অনুসৰি প্ৰতি বছৰে শ্ৰম বজাৰত প্ৰৱেশ কৰা ২ লাখ ৭০ হাজাৰ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ স্নাতক ছাত্ৰৰ ভিতৰত মাত্ৰ প্ৰায় ৭৫ হাজাৰ লোকেহে চাকৰি পাবলৈ সক্ষম হয়। ‘মানৱ পুঁজি’ৰ এই বহিঃগমনে প্ৰতি বছৰে চৰকাৰৰ ৩৮ বিলিয়ন ডলাৰতকৈ অধিক ব্যয় হয় আৰু এয়া তেল বিক্ৰীৰপৰা পোৱা ৰাজহৰ দুগুণ। ‘পাঁচবছৰীয়া উন্নয়ন পৰিকল্পনা’ৰ বিধানৰ অধীনত দেশে নিবনুৱা জনসাধাৰণৰ বাবে কৰ্মসংস্থাপনৰ সুযোগ সৃষ্টি কৰিবলৈ চেষ্টা কৰিছে; কিন্তু এই প্ৰচেষ্টাসমূহৰ ফল এতিয়াও সাফল্যমণ্ডিত হোৱা নাই। ফলত দেশখনে ইয়াৰ 'শিক্ষিত প্ৰবাসী সম্প্ৰদায়'ৰপৰাও লাভৱান হ'ব নোৱাৰে বা দেশত উপস্থিত নিবনুৱা বিশেষজ্ঞৰ পুলৰপৰাও লাভৱান হ'ব নোৱাৰে।" <ref name="Hakimzadeh"/> ==ইতিহাস== এটা সূত্ৰৰ মতে,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hakimzadeh |first=Shirin |date=2006-09-01 |title=Iran: A Vast Diaspora Abroad and Millions of Refugees at Home |url=https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/iran-vast-diaspora-abroad-and-millions-refugees-home |access-date=2023-01-04 |website=migrationpolicy.org |language=en}}</ref> ইৰাণৰপৰা প্ৰব্ৰজন আৰম্ভ হৈছিল ইৰাণ-ইৰাক যুদ্ধৰ বাবে সৈনিক নিযুক্তিৰপৰা। চৰকাৰক নতুন সৈনিকৰ প্ৰয়োজন আছিল আৰু সেই সৈন্যসকলৰ মাজত মৃত্যুৰ হাৰ অধিক হোৱাৰ বাবে নিযুক্তি পোৱা ইৰাণী পুৰুষসকলক আন দেশলৈ পলায়ন কৰিবলৈ বাধ্য কৰাইছিল। আন এটা সম্ভাৱ্য কাৰণ হ’ব পাৰে ১৯৭৯ চনৰ ইছলামিক বিপ্লৱৰ পিছত হোৱা ইৰাণৰ সাংস্কৃতিক বিপ্লৱ। ১৯৮০ চনৰ ১২ জুনত সাংস্কৃতিক বিপ্লৱে ইৰাণৰ উচ্চ শিক্ষা-ব্যৱস্থাক বৃহৎ সংস্কাৰ কৰাৰ প্ৰয়াসত এবছৰতকৈও অধিক সময় বন্ধ কৰি দিছিল। তথাপি শিক্ষিত ইৰাণীসকলে বিদেশলৈ প্ৰব্ৰজন কৰাৰ বিষয়টো ১৯৮০ চনৰ ৩১ অক্টোবৰতহে আলোচনা কৰা হৈছিল, যেতিয়া ইৰাণৰ বিপ্লৱী নেতা [[ৰুহোল্লাহ খোমেইনী]]য়ে ইয়াৰ গুৰুত্বক তুচ্ছজ্ঞান কৰিছিল: :''" মানুহে কয় "ব্ৰেইনৱাছিং।" এই পচি যোৱা মগজুবোৰ সাৰি যাওক। তেওঁলোকৰ বাবে শোক নকৰিবা; তেওঁলোকে জীৱনৰ নিজৰ সংজ্ঞা সৃষ্টি কৰক। প্ৰতিটো মগজু—যিটোক আপুনি "বিজ্ঞান" বুলি কয়—সন্মানৰ যোগ্য নেকি? পলাই যোৱাসকলৰ বাবে আমি বহি শোক কৰা উচিত নেকি? এই মগজুবোৰ আমেৰিকা আৰু ব্ৰিটেইনলৈ পলায়ন কৰাৰ বাবে আমি চিন্তা কৰা উচিত নেকি? এই মগজুবোৰ পলাওক, আৰু অধিক যোগ্য মগজুৱে ইয়াৰ ঠাই ল’ব। এতিয়া যেতিয়া তেওঁলোকে (ইছলামিক ৰিপাব্লিকে) পাৰ্জ চলাইছে, তেতিয়া আপুনি কিয় বিচলিত হৈছে, কিয় মানুহক হত্যা কৰিছে? আনকি এই বিপথে পৰিচালিত লোকসকলৰ পচি যোৱা মগজুৰ বিষয়েও কিয় আলোচনা কৰিছে? ইছলামক কিয় প্ৰশ্ন কৰিছে? পলায়ন কৰিছে নেকি? সিহঁতক যাবলৈ দিয়ক। সিহঁতক পলাবলৈ দিয়ক। তেওঁলোক বৈজ্ঞানিক মগজু নাছিল। সেইটোৱেই ভাল। চিন্তা নকৰিব। মাত্ৰ পলাব লাগে। [[ইৰাণ]] এতিয়া তেওঁলোকৰ বাসস্থান নহয়। এই বিপথে পৰিচালিত মগজুবোৰৰ আমাৰ কোনো কাম নাই। সিহঁতক পলাবলৈ দিয়ক। যদি আপুনি এই ঠাইখন আপোনাৰ থাকিবলৈ নহয় বুলি ভাবে, তেন্তে আপুনিও পলাই যোৱা উচিত। T "''<ref>Interview with [[Ettelaat]] newspaper, آیت الله روح الله خمینی در ملاقات با اعضای کمیته امداد روزنامه اطلاعات، 9 آبان ماه 1358 . Link: [http://www.iranpressnews.com/source/009122.htm See second paragraph] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20060509205414/http://www.iranpressnews.com/source/009122.htm |date=2006-05-09}} {{in lang|fa}}</ref> ইৰাণ–ইৰাক যুদ্ধৰ সময়তো এই ধাৰা অব্যাহত আছিল। ২০০৫ চনৰ নৱেম্বৰ মাহত ড° ফাৰাজী-ডানাৰ ঠাইত এজন ধৰ্মগুৰুৱে তেহৰাণ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ চ্যান্সেলৰৰ দায়িত্ব লয়। ইৰাণৰ ইতিহাসত প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে কোনো ডাঙৰ শিক্ষানুষ্ঠানৰ নেতৃত্বত পৰম্পৰাগত শিক্ষাবিদসকলৰ ঠাইত এজন ধৰ্মগুৰুক আধিপত্য বিস্তাৰ কৰা হৈছিল। তেওঁ অৱশ্যে কেইবাখনো গ্ৰন্থৰ ৰচনা কৰিছে আৰু ইছলামিক ন্যায়বিজ্ঞানৰ বিশেষজ্ঞ হিচাপে বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ আইন বিদ্যালয়তো অধ্যাপনা কৰিছে।<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/iran/story/2005/11/051125_mf_amid.shtml |title=نخستين رئيس روحانی برای دانشگاه تهران |publisher=BBC News |access-date=2011-10-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419062431/http://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/iran/story/2005/11/051125_mf_amid.shtml |archive-date=2012-04-19 |url-status=live }}</ref> এই দেশসমূহত একাডেমীৰ গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ পদবীত থকা ইৰাণৰ বিভাগীয় মুৰব্বী আৰু পৰিচালকৰ দীঘলীয়া তালিকাখন নিঃসন্দেহে এই বাস্তৱতাৰ এক শক্তিশালী সূচক। ইৰাণৰপৰা অহা মগজুৰ নিষ্কাশন ঘৰুৱা আৰু আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় পৰ্যায়ত সংবাদ মাধ্যমত আলোচনাৰ এক উত্তপ্ত বিষয় হৈ পৰিছে।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.payvand.com/news/01/may/1010.html|title=220,000 academics leave Iran in one year, brain drain rising - Moin warns|work=Payvand|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080409015930/http://www.payvand.com/news/01/may/1010.html|archive-date=2008-04-09|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iranian.ws/cgi-bin/iran_news/exec/view.cgi/2/3811|title=iranian.ws -&nbsp; Iranian Resources and Information.|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304031249/http://www.iranian.ws/cgi-bin/iran_news/exec/view.cgi/2/3811|archive-date=2016-03-04|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iranian.com/Opinion/2002/August/Brain/|title=THE IRANIAN: Brain drain, Ahmad Anvari|publisher=iranian.com|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071117034236/http://www.iranian.com/Opinion/2002/August/Brain/|archive-date=2007-11-17|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iranian.com/Opinion/2002/October/Brain/|title=THE IRANIAN: Brain drain, Mohammad Ala|publisher=iranian.com|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071117034245/http://www.iranian.com/Opinion/2002/October/Brain/|archive-date=2007-11-17|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.scidev.net/News/index.cfm?fuseaction=readNews&itemid=1485&language=1|title=Science & technology for global development news & analysis|publisher=SciDev.Net|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071117163807/http://www.scidev.net/News/index.cfm?fuseaction=readNews&itemid=1485&language=1|archive-date=2007-11-17|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parapundit.com/archives/002003.html|title=ParaPundit: Iran Has Highest Rate Of Emigration Brain Drain|work=parapundit.com|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080808120419/http://www.parapundit.com/archives/002003.html|archive-date=2008-08-08|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/1051803.html|title=Iran: Coping With The World's Highest Rate Of Brain Drain|newspaper=RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080413221553/http://www.rferl.org/featuresarticle/2004/03/c655d456-07df-405a-8fe9-aad51173bd66.html|archive-date=2008-04-13|url-status=live |last1=Esfandiari |first1=Golnaz }}</ref> কিছুমানে পৰিস্থিতিৰ বাবে সীমিত নিয়োগৰ সুযোগ বা দুৰ্বল শ্ৰম বজাৰ (যিটো বহুতে পশ্চিমীয়া অৰ্থনৈতিক নিষেধাজ্ঞাৰ বাবে দোষাৰোপ কৰে); আন কিছুমানে দেশৰ ক্ৰমান্বয়ে বাধাপ্ৰাপ্ত আৰু স্তব্ধ হৈ পৰা সামাজিক ব্যৱস্থাক দোষাৰোপ কৰে। এই পৰিস্থিতিৰ চিন হিচাপে ২০০৬ চনত তেতিয়াৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰপতি মাহমুদ আহমদিনেজাদে দেশৰ সকলো বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়কে তেওঁ "উদাৰ আৰু ধৰ্মনিৰপেক্ষ প্ৰভাৱ" বুলি কোৱাৰপৰা সম্পূৰ্ণৰূপে মুক্ত কৰাৰ প্ৰতিশ্ৰুতি দিয়ে।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/6196069.stm|publisher=BBC|title=Mass purges at Iran universities|first=Frances|last=Harrison|date=20 December 2006 |author-link=Frances Harrison|access-date=2008-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080407005558/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/6196069.stm|archive-date=2008-04-07|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2006/sep/06/highereducation.iran|work=The Guardian|title=Iranian president calls for purge of liberal lecturers|first=Robert|last=Tait|date=September 6, 2006|access-date=April 22, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080907083349/http://education.guardian.co.uk/higher/worldwide/story/0,,1865731,00.html|archive-date=September 7, 2008|url-status=live}}</ref> ২০০৬ চনৰ জানুৱাৰী মাহত প্ৰকাশিত ''দ্য ৱাশ্বিংটন প্ৰিজম''ত প্ৰকাশিত এক প্ৰতিৱেদনত দাবী কৰা হৈছে যে [[আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় মুদ্ৰা নিধি]] (IMF)-এ ইৰাণক উন্নয়নশীল দেশসমূহৰ ভিতৰত "মগজুৰ নিষ্কাশন"ৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত শীৰ্ষ দেশ হিচাপে স্থান দিছে; তেওঁলোকৰ অনুমান অনুসৰি প্ৰায় ১ লাখ ৮০ হাজাৰ লোকে ইৰাণ এৰি গৈছে।<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.washingtonprism.org/showarticle.cfm?id=213 |title=Washington Prism |publisher=Washington Prism |access-date=2011-10-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080406030207/http://www.washingtonprism.org/showarticle.cfm?id=213 |archive-date=2008-04-06 |url-status=dead }}</ref> অৱশ্যে ইছলামিক ৰিপাব্লিক নিউজ এজেন্সীৰ এক প্ৰতিৱেদনত এই সংখ্যা ২ লাখ বুলি কোৱা হৈছে। ইৰাণৰ সংস্কৃতি আৰু উচ্চ শিক্ষা মন্ত্ৰ্যালয়ৰ মতে বৰ্তমান প্ৰায় ৫০,০০০ ইৰাণী ছাত্ৰ-ছাত্ৰীয়ে বিদেশত অধ্যয়ন কৰি আছে।<ref name="Iranian Embassy in Oslo">{{cite web|title=Education System in Iran|url=http://www.iran-embassy-oslo.no/embassy/educat.htm|publisher=Iranian Embassy in Oslo|access-date=7 May 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090609234100/http://www.iran-embassy-oslo.no/embassy/educat.htm|archive-date=9 June 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==ধাৰা ওলোটাই অনাৰ প্ৰচেষ্টা== শেহতীয়া বছৰবোৰত শিক্ষাবিদ আৰু উচ্চ দক্ষতাসম্পন্ন শ্ৰমিকসকলক কৰ্মসংস্থাপন আৰু গৱেষণাৰ সুযোগ প্ৰদান কৰি মগজু নিষ্কাশণ তথা মানৱ সম্পদৰ বহিঃপ্ৰৱাহৰ ৰোধৰ বাবে কেইবাটাও পদক্ষেপ গ্ৰহণ কৰা হৈছে। ২০০৩ চনৰ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী মাহত ইৰাণত বিজ্ঞান আৰু প্ৰযুক্তিবিদ্যাৰ প্ৰসাৰৰ বাবে আৰু গৱেষণা আৰু উন্নয়নত নিয়োজিত লোকসকলক উপকৃত কৰিবলৈ ইৰাণৰ নেচনেল ছায়েন্স ফাউণ্ডেশ্যন স্থাপন কৰা হয়। বিজ্ঞান আৰু প্ৰযুক্তিবিদ্যাত কাম কৰা ইৰাণীসকলৰ সুবিধাৰ্থে স্থাপন কৰা আন এটা প্ৰতিষ্ঠান হৈছে ইৰাণৰ নেচনেল জিনিয়াছ ফাউণ্ডেশ্যন।<ref>{{Cite web |title=.: بنیاد ملی نخبگان |url=http://www.bonyad-nokhbegan.ir/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080423102932/http://www.bonyad-nokhbegan.ir/ |archive-date=2008-04-23 |access-date=2008-04-22}}</ref> ইৰাণে স্নাতক অভিলেখ বিধেয়ক উত্থাপন কৰি মগজু নিষ্কাশণ তথা বহিঃপ্ৰৱাহ ৰোধ কৰাৰ চেষ্টা কৰিছে; এই বিধেয়কখনে স্নাতক পৰ্যায়ত শিক্ষাৰ আন্তৰ্জাতিককৰণ আৰু সম্প্ৰসাৰণৰ আহ্বান জনাইছে, যাৰ ফলত স্নাতকসকলৰ সংখ্যা বৃদ্ধি পাব। <ref>{{cite book |url=http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=12185&page=25 |title=Science and Technology and the Future Development of Societies: International Workshop Proceedings |publisher=Nap.edu |date=2007-02-11 |doi=10.17226/12185 |isbn=978-0-309-11927-6 |access-date=2011-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121016082426/http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=12185&page=25 |archive-date=2012-10-16 |url-status=live }}</ref> ==তথ্যৰ উৎস== {{reflist}} ==অধিক পঢ়ক== *{{cite journal|title=The brain drain from Iran to the United States|first=Akbar E|last=Torbat|journal=Middle East Journal|pages=272–295|date=Spring 2002|volume=56|issue=2}} *Migration Information: {{cite web|url=http://www.migrationinformation.org/Profiles/display.cfm?ID=424|title=Iran: A Vast Diaspora Abroad and Millions of Refugees at Home|work=migrationpolicy.org|access-date=2008-12-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140215052030/http://migrationinformation.org/Profiles/display.cfm?ID=424|archive-date=2014-02-15|url-status=live}} *UCSC Study: {{Cite web |url=http://users.soe.ucsc.edu/~daraei/files/BrainDrain.jpg |title=Baskin School of Engineering – Baskin Engineering provides unique educational opportunities, world-class research with an eye to social responsibility and diversity |access-date=2014-01-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140110001124/http://users.soe.ucsc.edu/~daraei/files/BrainDrain.jpg |archive-date=2014-01-10 |url-status=live }} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== *[https://web.archive.org/web/20100525045858/http://www.g15.org/workingpaper5.pdf International Migration, Remittances and the Brain Drain] in [[Group of 15]] Countries [[শ্ৰেণী:ইৰান]] t27hj3p38s3aydxcfkpfojbk9am7unm 0 136845 605864 2026-05-11T14:42:11Z নৰুনা বৰুৱা 44897 পৃষ্ঠা [[ইৰানৰ পৰা মানৱ মূলধনৰ পলায়ন]]ৰ পৰা [[ইৰাণৰ পৰা মানৱ মূলধনৰ বহিঃপ্ৰবাহ]]লৈ নৰুনা বৰুৱায়ে স্থানান্তৰ কৰিলে 605864 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ইৰাণৰ পৰা মানৱ মূলধনৰ বহিঃপ্ৰবাহ]] lh57lkak8tsqmae4fke6a6bk8ssmcmr 0 136846 605931 2026-05-12T06:42:20Z নৰুনা বৰুৱা 44897 নতুন পৃষ্ঠা: [[File:Argo Factory1.jpg|300px|thumb|আৰ্গো ফেক্টৰী]] [[File:Argo Factory2.jpg|300px|thumb|আৰ্গো ফেক্টৰী]] '''আৰ্গো ফেক্টৰী ({{Lang-en|Argo Factory}})'''[[ইৰাণ]]ৰ [[তেহৰাণ]]ত অৱস্থিত এটা সমসাময়িক কলা সংগ্ৰহালয় আৰু সাংস্কৃতিক কেন্দ্ৰ, যিটো পূৰ্... 605931 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Argo Factory1.jpg|300px|thumb|আৰ্গো ফেক্টৰী]] [[File:Argo Factory2.jpg|300px|thumb|আৰ্গো ফেক্টৰী]] '''আৰ্গো ফেক্টৰী ({{Lang-en|Argo Factory}})'''[[ইৰাণ]]ৰ [[তেহৰাণ]]ত অৱস্থিত এটা সমসাময়িক কলা সংগ্ৰহালয় আৰু সাংস্কৃতিক কেন্দ্ৰ, যিটো পূৰ্বৰ ৱাইন কাৰখানাত অৱস্থিত। আৰ্গো ফেক্টৰী পেজমেন ফাউণ্ডেশ্যন ছাইটৰ এটা অংশ। <ref>{{Cite web |title=Pejman Foundation: Argo Factory — About |url=https://pejman.foundation/argofactory/about/ |access-date=2022-02-28 |website=pejman.foundation}}</ref> ==ইতিহাস== ১৯২০ চনৰ আৰম্ভণিতে নিৰ্মিত আৰ্গো কাৰখানা ইৰাণৰ প্ৰথম ঔদ্যোগিক কাৰখানাসমূহৰ ভিতৰত অন্যতম কাৰাখানা আছিল। ১৯৬০ চনত এইটো এটা ডাঙৰ পানীয় কাৰখানাত পৰিণত হয়, ১৯৭০ চনত পৰিৱেশজনিত সমস্যাৰ কাৰনে ইয়াক স্থায়ীভাৱে বন্ধ কৰিবলৈ বাধ্য নকৰে।<ref name=":1" /><ref name="archdaily.com">{{cite web | url=https://www.archdaily.com/979255/argo-contemporary-art-museum-and-cultural-centre-ahmadreza-schricker-architecture-north-asa-north | title=Argo Contemporary Art Museum & Cultural Centre / Ahmadreza Schricker Architecture North - ASA North | date=29 March 2022 }}</ref><ref name="wallpaper.com">{{cite web | url=https://www.wallpaper.com/architecture/argo-factory-contemporary-art-museum-cultural-centre-ahmadreza-schricker-architecture-north-tehran-iran | title=Tehran's Argo Factory complex reinvents brewery architecture for the arts | date=4 March 2022 }}</ref> ২০১৬ চনত পেজমেন ফাউণ্ডেচনে কাৰখানাটো ক্ৰয় কৰি সংস্কাৰ কৰে। "এসময়ত তাত বনোৱা বিয়েৰৰ নাম"ৰ পৰাই এই কাৰখানাটোৰ নাম আৰ্গো হৈছে। <ref>{{cite web | url=https://archive.pinupmagazine.org/articles/argo-museum-hope-factory-pejman-tehran-ahmadreza-schricker | title=ARGO FACTORY: Tehran's First Contemporary Art Museum Since the Revolution }}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Esmaili |first=Yasaman |title=Argo Factory: Contemporary Art Museum & Cultural Centre by Ahmadreza Schricker Architecture - North |url=https://www.architecturalrecord.com/articles/15406-argo-factory-contemporary-art-museum-cultural-centre-by-ahmadreza-schricker-architecture---north |access-date=2022-03-24 |website=www.architecturalrecord.com |language=en}}</ref> ==স্থাপত্য== ইয়াৰ অনন্য স্থাপত্য বৈশিষ্ট্য যেনে ওখ চিমনি আৰু চহৰৰ মাজমজিয়াত কৌশলগত ভৌগোলিক অৱস্থানত অৱস্থিত থকা স্বতেও বছৰ বছৰ ধৰি এই কাৰখানাটো অৱহেলিত হৈ পৰিছিল আৰু শেষত প্ৰায় চাৰি দশক ধৰি এটা জৰাজীৰ্ণ অট্টালিকাত পৰিণত হৈছিল। ==পুনৰুদ্ধাৰ== === গাঁথনিগত ভেটি === গাঁথনি অভিযন্তা বেহৰাং বানি আদমে ডিজাইন কৰা নতুন ভেটিৰ গঠনে স্থাপত্যৰ প্ৰকাশভংগীক তেহৰাণৰ ঘৰৰ পুৰণি ধাতুৰ (হালাবী) চাল আৰু সংগ্ৰহালয়ৰ নতুন ভাসমান (কংক্ৰিটৰ) চালৰ মাজত এক সংযত ধাৰা বজাই ৰখাত সহায় কৰিছে; এই নতুন চালবোৰেই হৈছে মূল কাৰখানাৰ বাহিৰৰ অংশত একমাত্ৰ নতুন সংযোজন। এই নতুন ডিজাইনটোৱে পৰম্পৰাগত স্থানীয় ধাতুৰ চালৰ আৰ্হিৰ পৰা প্ৰেৰণা লাভ কৰিছে আৰু ইয়াক পাঁচটা গতিশীল, ভাসমান চাল হিচাপে পুনৰ সংযোজন কৰা হৈছে: প্ৰত্যেকেই ইয়াৰ তলত অনুষ্ঠিত হোৱা সাংস্কৃতিক অনুষ্ঠানসমূহৰ বাবে এক অনন্য পোহৰৰ পৰিৱেশ সৃষ্টি কৰে।<ref>https://www.archdaily.com/979255/argo-contemporary-art-museum-and-cultural-centre-ahmadreza-schricker-architecture-north-asa-north</ref> আৰ্গো কাৰখানাটোৰ পুনৰুদ্ধাৰৰ কাম আৰম্ভ হৈছিল ইয়াৰ জৰাজীৰ্ণ গঠনৰ মেৰামতিৰ পৰা। ভৱনটোক সুস্থিৰ কৰিবলৈ দলটোৱে নতুন গাঁথনিগত ভেটি স্থাপন কৰিছিল, যিবোৰ ইয়াৰ দীৰ্ঘম্যাদী সংৰক্ষণৰ বাবে অতি গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ আছিল। স্থপতিবিদসকলে মূল বোজা বহনকাৰী ইটাৰ দেৱালবোৰ ধৰি ৰাখিছিল, যিয়ে কাৰখানাটোৰ ঔদ্যোগিক চৰিত্ৰক প্ৰতিফলিত কৰিছিল। <ref>https://www.architecturalrecord.com/articles/15406-argo-factory-contemporary-art-museum-cultural-centre-by-ahmadreza-schricker-architecture---north</ref> === উচ্চ কংক্ৰিটৰ চাল === আৰ্গো কাৰখানাত ৫০ চে.মি. উচ্চতাৰ পাঁচখন কংক্ৰিটৰ চাল মূল ইটাৰ বেৰৰ ওপৰেৰে ওপৰলৈ উঠিছে, য’ত জলবায়ু নিয়ন্ত্ৰণ আৰু যান্ত্ৰিক ব্যৱস্থা আছে। এই ডিজাইনে আধুনিক আন্তঃগাঁথনিক নিৰৱচ্ছিন্নভাৱে একত্ৰিত কৰাত সহায় কৰাই নহয়, ৮.৫ মিটাৰ উচ্চতাৰ গেলেৰীসমূহত প্ৰাকৃতিক পোহৰ প্ৰৱেশ কৰিবলৈও অনুমতি দিয়ে। তেহৰাণৰ পৰম্পৰাগত হালাবি (ধাতুৰ) চালৰ পৰা অনুপ্ৰাণিত হৈ নতুন সংযোজনে ঐতিহাসিক গঠনৰ সৈতে এক কৃপাময় বৈপৰীত্য সৃষ্টি কৰাৰ বিপৰীতে কংক্ৰিটৰ ব্যৱহাৰে নিৰ্মাণৰ নিষেধাজ্ঞাৰ বাবে স্থানটোৰ ঔদ্যোগিক পৰিচয়ক শক্তিশালী কৰে। <ref>https://www.archdaily.com/979255/argo-contemporary-art-museum-and-cultural-centre-ahmadreza-schricker-architecture-north-asa-north</ref> ===আৰ্গো কাৰখানাৰ স্থানীয় সম্প্ৰসাৰণ === এই প্ৰকল্পটোৱে ভৱনটোৰ মূল আকাৰ প্ৰায় ৮৫% যথেষ্ট বৃদ্ধি কৰি ইয়াৰ আয়তন ৪৮০ বৰ্গমিটাৰৰ পৰা ১,৮৯০ বৰ্গমিটাৰলৈ বৃদ্ধি কৰা হয়। ১৯৭৯ চনৰ ইৰাণী বিপ্লৱৰ পিছত তেহৰাণত স্থাপিত হোৱা প্ৰথমটো ব্যক্তিগত সমসাময়িক কলা সংগ্ৰহালয় হৈছে আৰ্গো ফেক্টৰী। ইয়াত শিল্পীসকলক বিভিন্ন ধৰণৰ চিলিঙৰ উচ্চতা (১৫ মিটাৰ পৰ্যন্ত উচ্চতা) আৰু বিভিন্ন ধৰণৰ স্থান প্ৰদান কৰা হয়, যিয়ে প্ৰদৰ্শনী আৰু ইনষ্টলেচনৰ বাবে অধিক নমনীয়তা প্ৰদান কৰে। এতিয়া চহৰখনৰ এক বিখ্যাত সাংস্কৃতিক কেন্দ্ৰ, এই কাৰখানাটোৱে স্থানীয় আৰু আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় উভয় দৰ্শনাৰ্থীক আকৰ্ষণ কৰে। ইয়াৰ সফল ৰূপান্তৰে চাৰিওফালৰ অট্টালিকাসমূহৰ সংস্কাৰৰ বাবেও অনুপ্ৰাণিত কৰিছে আৰু তেহৰাণৰ ডাউনটাউনৰ সাংস্কৃতিক পুনৰুজ্জীৱিতকৰণত উল্লেখযোগ্য ভূমিকা পালন কৰিছে।<ref>https://www.archdaily.com/979255/argo-contemporary-art-museum-and-cultural-centre-ahmadreza-schricker-architecture-north-asa-north</ref> দুটা পৰ্যায়ত কাৰখানাটো সংস্কাৰ কৰা হৈছিল আৰু শেষৰখিনি ২০১৮/১৯ চনত সম্পূৰ্ণ হৈছিল। <ref>{{Cite web |title=Pejman Foundation – The Room Becomes A Street {{!}} Independent Collectors |url=https://independent-collectors.com/collections/the-room-becomes-a-street/ |access-date=2022-02-28 |language=en-US}}</ref> নিউয়ৰ্কস্থিত স্থাপত্য প্ৰতিষ্ঠান এ এছ এ নৰ্থৰ সহযোগত প্ৰায় চাৰি দশক পৰিত্যক্ত হোৱাৰ পিছত আৰ্গো ফেক্টৰী সম্পূৰ্ণৰূপে ৰূপান্তৰিত হয়; এই কামৰ বাবে ই ২০২২ চনত স্থাপত্যৰ বাবে আগা খান বঁটাকে ধৰি বহুতো বঁটা লাভ কৰে। <ref name=":2">{{cite web | url=https://www.architecturalrecord.com/articles/15406-argo-factory-contemporary-art-museum-cultural-centre-by-ahmadreza-schricker-architecture---north | title=Argo Factory: Contemporary Art Museum & Cultural Centre by Ahmadreza Schricker Architecture - North &#124; 2021-11-22 &#124; Architectural Record }}</ref><ref name="wallpaper.com" /><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.gagallery.com/press/canvas18 | title=Canvas - Factory Rules, Hannah Jacobi - Press - Green . Art . Gallery }}</ref><ref name="archdaily.com"></ref> == পুৰষ্কাৰ == বিশেষ ডিজাইনৰ বাবে আৰ্গো কাৰখানাই যথেষ্ট মনোযোগ লাভ কৰিছিল আৰু বিশ্ব পৰ্যায়ত ডাঙৰ ডাঙৰ স্থাপত্য বঁটা লাভ কৰিবলৈ সক্ষম হৈছিল। ২০২২ চনত এই ভৱনটো ইৰাণৰ আন দুটা প্ৰকল্পৰ সৈতে ১৬খন দেশৰ পৰা দাখিল কৰা ৪৬৩টা কামৰ ভিতৰত স্থাপত্যৰ বাবে আগা খান বঁটাৰ বাবে চূড়ান্ত প্ৰাৰ্থীৰ তালিকাত অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত কৰা হয় আৰু এই তালিকাৰ পৰা ছটা প্ৰকল্পক চূড়ান্ত বিজয়ী হিচাপে নিৰ্বাচিত কৰা হয়। <ref name=":2" /><ref>{{cite web |title=Aga Khan Award for Architecture announces 2022 shortlist &#124; Aga Khan Development Network |url=https://www.akdn.org/press-release/aga-khan-award-architecture-announces-2022-shortlist}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Argo Contemporary Art Museum & Cultural Centre &#124; Aga Khan Development Network |url=https://www.akdn.org/architecture/project/argo-contemporary-art-museum-cultural-centre}}</ref> ইয়াৰে অন্যতম বিজয়ী আছিল আহমদ্ৰেজা শ্ৰীকাৰ (এ এছ এ নৰ্থ)ৰ দ্বাৰা পুনৰ নিৰ্মাণ কৰা আৰ্গো ফেক্টৰী। প্ৰতি তিনি বছৰৰ মূৰে মূৰে স্থাপত্যৰ বাবে আগা খান বঁটা প্ৰদান কৰা হয়। ডেজিন ৱেবছাইটৰ দ্বাৰা আয়োজিত ২০২২ চনৰ ডেজিন আৰ্কিটেকচাৰ প্ৰাইজতো আৰ্গো ফেক্টৰীয়ে লাভ কৰে। এই বঁটাত তিনিটা শাখা আছে: স্থাপত্য, অভ্যন্তৰীণ, আৰু ডিজাইন; প্ৰতিটো শ্ৰেণীত ১৪টা উপ-শ্ৰেণী আছে। শেষত প্ৰতিটো শাখাৰ পৰা এজনকৈ চূড়ান্ত বিজয়ী নিৰ্বাচিত কৰা হ’ব আৰু ডেজিন স্থাপত্য বঁটাৰ তিনিটা বিশেষ কামৰ ভিতৰত এটা হিচাপে সন্মানিত কৰা হ’ব। এই বঁটাসমূহৰ পঞ্চম সংস্কৰণত সাংস্কৃতিক অট্টালিকা বিভাগত এই আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় প্ৰতিযোগিতাৰ চূড়ান্ত পৰ্যায় বা চৰ্টলিষ্টত নিৰ্বাচিত কৰা প্ৰকল্পসমূহৰ ভিতৰত অন্যতম আছিল আৰ্গো ফেক্টৰী; এই শিতানৰ চূড়ান্ত বিজয়ী হয় আৰু ২০২২ চনৰ ডেজিন বঁটাত 'বছৰৰ স্থাপত্য প্ৰকল্প' হিচাপেও ঘোষণা কৰা হয়।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Argo Contemporary Art Museum & Cultural Centre {{!}} Winners {{!}} Dezeen Awards 2022 |url=https://www.dezeen.com/awards/2022/winners/argo-contemporary-art-museum-cultural-centre/ |access-date=2022-11-19 |website=Dezeen |language=en}}</ref> ==কাৰ্যসূচী == আৰ্গো ফেক্টৰীটো পেজমেন ফাউণ্ডেশ্যনৰ মালিকানাধীন এক বৈচিত্ৰময় গোটৰ ছাইটৰ অংশ। পেজমেন ফাউণ্ডেচনে প্ৰদৰ্শনী, আলোচনা, আৰু অনুষ্ঠানৰ জৰিয়তে কলা আৰু সংস্কৃতিক প্ৰসাৰিত কৰে। ===প্ৰদৰ্শনী === *নীল বেলৌফা - ২০১৭ <ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Erdbrink |first=Thomas |date=2017-10-20 |title=Selling the Porsche to Promote Iranian Art |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/20/world/middleeast/iran-art.html |access-date=2022-02-28 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> * ন'জ টু ন'জ -স্লাভ আৰু টাটাৰ -২০১৭ * Elsewhere Interactive VR Installation - 2018 * [[Nazgol Ansarinia]]: The Room Becomes a Street - 2020 * “For the sake of Calmness” A project by [[Newsha Tavakolian]] - 2020 * “In the Midst” vol. 1 - 2021 * Video at Large Selection of videos from the collection of Paris [[Musée d'Art Moderne de Paris|Museum of Modern Art]] - 2021 * [[Mohsen Vaziri-Moghaddam|Mohsen Vaziri Moghaddam]]: Unrealised Projects - 2021<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-11-26 |title=Preview of a first-of-its-kind exhibition on Mohsen Vaziri Moghaddam at the Italian Embassy in Tehran |url=https://en.irna.ir/news/84555807/Preview-of-a-first-of-its-kind-exhibition-on-Mohsen-Vaziri-Moghaddam |access-date=2022-02-28 |website=IRNA English |language=en}}</ref> * Vanishing Point; A Selection of Pejman Collection - 2022 * “Truth Lies not in One Dream, but in Many” [[Arabian Nights (1974 film)|The One Thousand and One Nights]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0071502/ | title=Il fiore delle mille e una notte | website=[[IMDb]] }}</ref> of [[Pier Paolo Pasolini|Pasolini]] narrated by [https://robertovillaart.eu/ Roberto Villa]’s Photos - 2022 <ref>{{cite web | url=https://pejman.foundation/argofactory/truth-lies-not-in-one-dream-but-in-many/ | title=Pejman Foundation: Argo Factory — Truth Lies Not in One Dream, but in Many }}</ref> * Remembrance of Things Present; An Exhibition by ASA-North - 2023 == তথ্যৰ উৎস== {{reflist}} == বাহ্যিক সংযোগ == * [https://pejman.foundation/argofactory/ Official Website] 2aeipb4398t6fmiyoy74qd3j0yyqd54 605932 605931 2026-05-12T06:42:57Z নৰুনা বৰুৱা 44897 added [[Category:সংগ্ৰহালয়]] using [[WP:HC|HotCat]] 605932 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Argo Factory1.jpg|300px|thumb|আৰ্গো ফেক্টৰী]] [[File:Argo Factory2.jpg|300px|thumb|আৰ্গো ফেক্টৰী]] '''আৰ্গো ফেক্টৰী ({{Lang-en|Argo Factory}})'''[[ইৰাণ]]ৰ [[তেহৰাণ]]ত অৱস্থিত এটা সমসাময়িক কলা সংগ্ৰহালয় আৰু সাংস্কৃতিক কেন্দ্ৰ, যিটো পূৰ্বৰ ৱাইন কাৰখানাত অৱস্থিত। আৰ্গো ফেক্টৰী পেজমেন ফাউণ্ডেশ্যন ছাইটৰ এটা অংশ। <ref>{{Cite web |title=Pejman Foundation: Argo Factory — About |url=https://pejman.foundation/argofactory/about/ |access-date=2022-02-28 |website=pejman.foundation}}</ref> ==ইতিহাস== ১৯২০ চনৰ আৰম্ভণিতে নিৰ্মিত আৰ্গো কাৰখানা ইৰাণৰ প্ৰথম ঔদ্যোগিক কাৰখানাসমূহৰ ভিতৰত অন্যতম কাৰাখানা আছিল। ১৯৬০ চনত এইটো এটা ডাঙৰ পানীয় কাৰখানাত পৰিণত হয়, ১৯৭০ চনত পৰিৱেশজনিত সমস্যাৰ কাৰনে ইয়াক স্থায়ীভাৱে বন্ধ কৰিবলৈ বাধ্য নকৰে।<ref name=":1" /><ref name="archdaily.com">{{cite web | url=https://www.archdaily.com/979255/argo-contemporary-art-museum-and-cultural-centre-ahmadreza-schricker-architecture-north-asa-north | title=Argo Contemporary Art Museum & Cultural Centre / Ahmadreza Schricker Architecture North - ASA North | date=29 March 2022 }}</ref><ref name="wallpaper.com">{{cite web | url=https://www.wallpaper.com/architecture/argo-factory-contemporary-art-museum-cultural-centre-ahmadreza-schricker-architecture-north-tehran-iran | title=Tehran's Argo Factory complex reinvents brewery architecture for the arts | date=4 March 2022 }}</ref> ২০১৬ চনত পেজমেন ফাউণ্ডেচনে কাৰখানাটো ক্ৰয় কৰি সংস্কাৰ কৰে। "এসময়ত তাত বনোৱা বিয়েৰৰ নাম"ৰ পৰাই এই কাৰখানাটোৰ নাম আৰ্গো হৈছে। <ref>{{cite web | url=https://archive.pinupmagazine.org/articles/argo-museum-hope-factory-pejman-tehran-ahmadreza-schricker | title=ARGO FACTORY: Tehran's First Contemporary Art Museum Since the Revolution }}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Esmaili |first=Yasaman |title=Argo Factory: Contemporary Art Museum & Cultural Centre by Ahmadreza Schricker Architecture - North |url=https://www.architecturalrecord.com/articles/15406-argo-factory-contemporary-art-museum-cultural-centre-by-ahmadreza-schricker-architecture---north |access-date=2022-03-24 |website=www.architecturalrecord.com |language=en}}</ref> ==স্থাপত্য== ইয়াৰ অনন্য স্থাপত্য বৈশিষ্ট্য যেনে ওখ চিমনি আৰু চহৰৰ মাজমজিয়াত কৌশলগত ভৌগোলিক অৱস্থানত অৱস্থিত থকা স্বতেও বছৰ বছৰ ধৰি এই কাৰখানাটো অৱহেলিত হৈ পৰিছিল আৰু শেষত প্ৰায় চাৰি দশক ধৰি এটা জৰাজীৰ্ণ অট্টালিকাত পৰিণত হৈছিল। ==পুনৰুদ্ধাৰ== === গাঁথনিগত ভেটি === গাঁথনি অভিযন্তা বেহৰাং বানি আদমে ডিজাইন কৰা নতুন ভেটিৰ গঠনে স্থাপত্যৰ প্ৰকাশভংগীক তেহৰাণৰ ঘৰৰ পুৰণি ধাতুৰ (হালাবী) চাল আৰু সংগ্ৰহালয়ৰ নতুন ভাসমান (কংক্ৰিটৰ) চালৰ মাজত এক সংযত ধাৰা বজাই ৰখাত সহায় কৰিছে; এই নতুন চালবোৰেই হৈছে মূল কাৰখানাৰ বাহিৰৰ অংশত একমাত্ৰ নতুন সংযোজন। এই নতুন ডিজাইনটোৱে পৰম্পৰাগত স্থানীয় ধাতুৰ চালৰ আৰ্হিৰ পৰা প্ৰেৰণা লাভ কৰিছে আৰু ইয়াক পাঁচটা গতিশীল, ভাসমান চাল হিচাপে পুনৰ সংযোজন কৰা হৈছে: প্ৰত্যেকেই ইয়াৰ তলত অনুষ্ঠিত হোৱা সাংস্কৃতিক অনুষ্ঠানসমূহৰ বাবে এক অনন্য পোহৰৰ পৰিৱেশ সৃষ্টি কৰে।<ref>https://www.archdaily.com/979255/argo-contemporary-art-museum-and-cultural-centre-ahmadreza-schricker-architecture-north-asa-north</ref> আৰ্গো কাৰখানাটোৰ পুনৰুদ্ধাৰৰ কাম আৰম্ভ হৈছিল ইয়াৰ জৰাজীৰ্ণ গঠনৰ মেৰামতিৰ পৰা। ভৱনটোক সুস্থিৰ কৰিবলৈ দলটোৱে নতুন গাঁথনিগত ভেটি স্থাপন কৰিছিল, যিবোৰ ইয়াৰ দীৰ্ঘম্যাদী সংৰক্ষণৰ বাবে অতি গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ আছিল। স্থপতিবিদসকলে মূল বোজা বহনকাৰী ইটাৰ দেৱালবোৰ ধৰি ৰাখিছিল, যিয়ে কাৰখানাটোৰ ঔদ্যোগিক চৰিত্ৰক প্ৰতিফলিত কৰিছিল। <ref>https://www.architecturalrecord.com/articles/15406-argo-factory-contemporary-art-museum-cultural-centre-by-ahmadreza-schricker-architecture---north</ref> === উচ্চ কংক্ৰিটৰ চাল === আৰ্গো কাৰখানাত ৫০ চে.মি. উচ্চতাৰ পাঁচখন কংক্ৰিটৰ চাল মূল ইটাৰ বেৰৰ ওপৰেৰে ওপৰলৈ উঠিছে, য’ত জলবায়ু নিয়ন্ত্ৰণ আৰু যান্ত্ৰিক ব্যৱস্থা আছে। এই ডিজাইনে আধুনিক আন্তঃগাঁথনিক নিৰৱচ্ছিন্নভাৱে একত্ৰিত কৰাত সহায় কৰাই নহয়, ৮.৫ মিটাৰ উচ্চতাৰ গেলেৰীসমূহত প্ৰাকৃতিক পোহৰ প্ৰৱেশ কৰিবলৈও অনুমতি দিয়ে। তেহৰাণৰ পৰম্পৰাগত হালাবি (ধাতুৰ) চালৰ পৰা অনুপ্ৰাণিত হৈ নতুন সংযোজনে ঐতিহাসিক গঠনৰ সৈতে এক কৃপাময় বৈপৰীত্য সৃষ্টি কৰাৰ বিপৰীতে কংক্ৰিটৰ ব্যৱহাৰে নিৰ্মাণৰ নিষেধাজ্ঞাৰ বাবে স্থানটোৰ ঔদ্যোগিক পৰিচয়ক শক্তিশালী কৰে। <ref>https://www.archdaily.com/979255/argo-contemporary-art-museum-and-cultural-centre-ahmadreza-schricker-architecture-north-asa-north</ref> ===আৰ্গো কাৰখানাৰ স্থানীয় সম্প্ৰসাৰণ === এই প্ৰকল্পটোৱে ভৱনটোৰ মূল আকাৰ প্ৰায় ৮৫% যথেষ্ট বৃদ্ধি কৰি ইয়াৰ আয়তন ৪৮০ বৰ্গমিটাৰৰ পৰা ১,৮৯০ বৰ্গমিটাৰলৈ বৃদ্ধি কৰা হয়। ১৯৭৯ চনৰ ইৰাণী বিপ্লৱৰ পিছত তেহৰাণত স্থাপিত হোৱা প্ৰথমটো ব্যক্তিগত সমসাময়িক কলা সংগ্ৰহালয় হৈছে আৰ্গো ফেক্টৰী। ইয়াত শিল্পীসকলক বিভিন্ন ধৰণৰ চিলিঙৰ উচ্চতা (১৫ মিটাৰ পৰ্যন্ত উচ্চতা) আৰু বিভিন্ন ধৰণৰ স্থান প্ৰদান কৰা হয়, যিয়ে প্ৰদৰ্শনী আৰু ইনষ্টলেচনৰ বাবে অধিক নমনীয়তা প্ৰদান কৰে। এতিয়া চহৰখনৰ এক বিখ্যাত সাংস্কৃতিক কেন্দ্ৰ, এই কাৰখানাটোৱে স্থানীয় আৰু আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় উভয় দৰ্শনাৰ্থীক আকৰ্ষণ কৰে। ইয়াৰ সফল ৰূপান্তৰে চাৰিওফালৰ অট্টালিকাসমূহৰ সংস্কাৰৰ বাবেও অনুপ্ৰাণিত কৰিছে আৰু তেহৰাণৰ ডাউনটাউনৰ সাংস্কৃতিক পুনৰুজ্জীৱিতকৰণত উল্লেখযোগ্য ভূমিকা পালন কৰিছে।<ref>https://www.archdaily.com/979255/argo-contemporary-art-museum-and-cultural-centre-ahmadreza-schricker-architecture-north-asa-north</ref> দুটা পৰ্যায়ত কাৰখানাটো সংস্কাৰ কৰা হৈছিল আৰু শেষৰখিনি ২০১৮/১৯ চনত সম্পূৰ্ণ হৈছিল। <ref>{{Cite web |title=Pejman Foundation – The Room Becomes A Street {{!}} Independent Collectors |url=https://independent-collectors.com/collections/the-room-becomes-a-street/ |access-date=2022-02-28 |language=en-US}}</ref> নিউয়ৰ্কস্থিত স্থাপত্য প্ৰতিষ্ঠান এ এছ এ নৰ্থৰ সহযোগত প্ৰায় চাৰি দশক পৰিত্যক্ত হোৱাৰ পিছত আৰ্গো ফেক্টৰী সম্পূৰ্ণৰূপে ৰূপান্তৰিত হয়; এই কামৰ বাবে ই ২০২২ চনত স্থাপত্যৰ বাবে আগা খান বঁটাকে ধৰি বহুতো বঁটা লাভ কৰে। <ref name=":2">{{cite web | url=https://www.architecturalrecord.com/articles/15406-argo-factory-contemporary-art-museum-cultural-centre-by-ahmadreza-schricker-architecture---north | title=Argo Factory: Contemporary Art Museum & Cultural Centre by Ahmadreza Schricker Architecture - North &#124; 2021-11-22 &#124; Architectural Record }}</ref><ref name="wallpaper.com" /><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.gagallery.com/press/canvas18 | title=Canvas - Factory Rules, Hannah Jacobi - Press - Green . Art . Gallery }}</ref><ref name="archdaily.com"></ref> == পুৰষ্কাৰ == বিশেষ ডিজাইনৰ বাবে আৰ্গো কাৰখানাই যথেষ্ট মনোযোগ লাভ কৰিছিল আৰু বিশ্ব পৰ্যায়ত ডাঙৰ ডাঙৰ স্থাপত্য বঁটা লাভ কৰিবলৈ সক্ষম হৈছিল। ২০২২ চনত এই ভৱনটো ইৰাণৰ আন দুটা প্ৰকল্পৰ সৈতে ১৬খন দেশৰ পৰা দাখিল কৰা ৪৬৩টা কামৰ ভিতৰত স্থাপত্যৰ বাবে আগা খান বঁটাৰ বাবে চূড়ান্ত প্ৰাৰ্থীৰ তালিকাত অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত কৰা হয় আৰু এই তালিকাৰ পৰা ছটা প্ৰকল্পক চূড়ান্ত বিজয়ী হিচাপে নিৰ্বাচিত কৰা হয়। <ref name=":2" /><ref>{{cite web |title=Aga Khan Award for Architecture announces 2022 shortlist &#124; Aga Khan Development Network |url=https://www.akdn.org/press-release/aga-khan-award-architecture-announces-2022-shortlist}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Argo Contemporary Art Museum & Cultural Centre &#124; Aga Khan Development Network |url=https://www.akdn.org/architecture/project/argo-contemporary-art-museum-cultural-centre}}</ref> ইয়াৰে অন্যতম বিজয়ী আছিল আহমদ্ৰেজা শ্ৰীকাৰ (এ এছ এ নৰ্থ)ৰ দ্বাৰা পুনৰ নিৰ্মাণ কৰা আৰ্গো ফেক্টৰী। প্ৰতি তিনি বছৰৰ মূৰে মূৰে স্থাপত্যৰ বাবে আগা খান বঁটা প্ৰদান কৰা হয়। ডেজিন ৱেবছাইটৰ দ্বাৰা আয়োজিত ২০২২ চনৰ ডেজিন আৰ্কিটেকচাৰ প্ৰাইজতো আৰ্গো ফেক্টৰীয়ে লাভ কৰে। এই বঁটাত তিনিটা শাখা আছে: স্থাপত্য, অভ্যন্তৰীণ, আৰু ডিজাইন; প্ৰতিটো শ্ৰেণীত ১৪টা উপ-শ্ৰেণী আছে। শেষত প্ৰতিটো শাখাৰ পৰা এজনকৈ চূড়ান্ত বিজয়ী নিৰ্বাচিত কৰা হ’ব আৰু ডেজিন স্থাপত্য বঁটাৰ তিনিটা বিশেষ কামৰ ভিতৰত এটা হিচাপে সন্মানিত কৰা হ’ব। এই বঁটাসমূহৰ পঞ্চম সংস্কৰণত সাংস্কৃতিক অট্টালিকা বিভাগত এই আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় প্ৰতিযোগিতাৰ চূড়ান্ত পৰ্যায় বা চৰ্টলিষ্টত নিৰ্বাচিত কৰা প্ৰকল্পসমূহৰ ভিতৰত অন্যতম আছিল আৰ্গো ফেক্টৰী; এই শিতানৰ চূড়ান্ত বিজয়ী হয় আৰু ২০২২ চনৰ ডেজিন বঁটাত 'বছৰৰ স্থাপত্য প্ৰকল্প' হিচাপেও ঘোষণা কৰা হয়।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Argo Contemporary Art Museum & Cultural Centre {{!}} Winners {{!}} Dezeen Awards 2022 |url=https://www.dezeen.com/awards/2022/winners/argo-contemporary-art-museum-cultural-centre/ |access-date=2022-11-19 |website=Dezeen |language=en}}</ref> ==কাৰ্যসূচী == আৰ্গো ফেক্টৰীটো পেজমেন ফাউণ্ডেশ্যনৰ মালিকানাধীন এক বৈচিত্ৰময় গোটৰ ছাইটৰ অংশ। পেজমেন ফাউণ্ডেচনে প্ৰদৰ্শনী, আলোচনা, আৰু অনুষ্ঠানৰ জৰিয়তে কলা আৰু সংস্কৃতিক প্ৰসাৰিত কৰে। ===প্ৰদৰ্শনী === *নীল বেলৌফা - ২০১৭ <ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Erdbrink |first=Thomas |date=2017-10-20 |title=Selling the Porsche to Promote Iranian Art |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/20/world/middleeast/iran-art.html |access-date=2022-02-28 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> * ন'জ টু ন'জ -স্লাভ আৰু টাটাৰ -২০১৭ * Elsewhere Interactive VR Installation - 2018 * [[Nazgol Ansarinia]]: The Room Becomes a Street - 2020 * “For the sake of Calmness” A project by [[Newsha Tavakolian]] - 2020 * “In the Midst” vol. 1 - 2021 * Video at Large Selection of videos from the collection of Paris [[Musée d'Art Moderne de Paris|Museum of Modern Art]] - 2021 * [[Mohsen Vaziri-Moghaddam|Mohsen Vaziri Moghaddam]]: Unrealised Projects - 2021<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-11-26 |title=Preview of a first-of-its-kind exhibition on Mohsen Vaziri Moghaddam at the Italian Embassy in Tehran |url=https://en.irna.ir/news/84555807/Preview-of-a-first-of-its-kind-exhibition-on-Mohsen-Vaziri-Moghaddam |access-date=2022-02-28 |website=IRNA English |language=en}}</ref> * Vanishing Point; A Selection of Pejman Collection - 2022 * “Truth Lies not in One Dream, but in Many” [[Arabian Nights (1974 film)|The One Thousand and One Nights]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0071502/ | title=Il fiore delle mille e una notte | website=[[IMDb]] }}</ref> of [[Pier Paolo Pasolini|Pasolini]] narrated by [https://robertovillaart.eu/ Roberto Villa]’s Photos - 2022 <ref>{{cite web | url=https://pejman.foundation/argofactory/truth-lies-not-in-one-dream-but-in-many/ | title=Pejman Foundation: Argo Factory — Truth Lies Not in One Dream, but in Many }}</ref> * Remembrance of Things Present; An Exhibition by ASA-North - 2023 == তথ্যৰ উৎস== {{reflist}} == বাহ্যিক সংযোগ == * [https://pejman.foundation/argofactory/ Official Website] [[শ্ৰেণী:সংগ্ৰহালয়]] 5lfb51vys9e3vqg8070ufjn91jk0lls 605933 605932 2026-05-12T06:43:15Z নৰুনা বৰুৱা 44897 added [[Category:ইৰান]] using [[WP:HC|HotCat]] 605933 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Argo Factory1.jpg|300px|thumb|আৰ্গো ফেক্টৰী]] [[File:Argo Factory2.jpg|300px|thumb|আৰ্গো ফেক্টৰী]] '''আৰ্গো ফেক্টৰী ({{Lang-en|Argo Factory}})'''[[ইৰাণ]]ৰ [[তেহৰাণ]]ত অৱস্থিত এটা সমসাময়িক কলা সংগ্ৰহালয় আৰু সাংস্কৃতিক কেন্দ্ৰ, যিটো পূৰ্বৰ ৱাইন কাৰখানাত অৱস্থিত। আৰ্গো ফেক্টৰী পেজমেন ফাউণ্ডেশ্যন ছাইটৰ এটা অংশ। <ref>{{Cite web |title=Pejman Foundation: Argo Factory — About |url=https://pejman.foundation/argofactory/about/ |access-date=2022-02-28 |website=pejman.foundation}}</ref> ==ইতিহাস== ১৯২০ চনৰ আৰম্ভণিতে নিৰ্মিত আৰ্গো কাৰখানা ইৰাণৰ প্ৰথম ঔদ্যোগিক কাৰখানাসমূহৰ ভিতৰত অন্যতম কাৰাখানা আছিল। ১৯৬০ চনত এইটো এটা ডাঙৰ পানীয় কাৰখানাত পৰিণত হয়, ১৯৭০ চনত পৰিৱেশজনিত সমস্যাৰ কাৰনে ইয়াক স্থায়ীভাৱে বন্ধ কৰিবলৈ বাধ্য নকৰে।<ref name=":1" /><ref name="archdaily.com">{{cite web | url=https://www.archdaily.com/979255/argo-contemporary-art-museum-and-cultural-centre-ahmadreza-schricker-architecture-north-asa-north | title=Argo Contemporary Art Museum & Cultural Centre / Ahmadreza Schricker Architecture North - ASA North | date=29 March 2022 }}</ref><ref name="wallpaper.com">{{cite web | url=https://www.wallpaper.com/architecture/argo-factory-contemporary-art-museum-cultural-centre-ahmadreza-schricker-architecture-north-tehran-iran | title=Tehran's Argo Factory complex reinvents brewery architecture for the arts | date=4 March 2022 }}</ref> ২০১৬ চনত পেজমেন ফাউণ্ডেচনে কাৰখানাটো ক্ৰয় কৰি সংস্কাৰ কৰে। "এসময়ত তাত বনোৱা বিয়েৰৰ নাম"ৰ পৰাই এই কাৰখানাটোৰ নাম আৰ্গো হৈছে। <ref>{{cite web | url=https://archive.pinupmagazine.org/articles/argo-museum-hope-factory-pejman-tehran-ahmadreza-schricker | title=ARGO FACTORY: Tehran's First Contemporary Art Museum Since the Revolution }}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Esmaili |first=Yasaman |title=Argo Factory: Contemporary Art Museum & Cultural Centre by Ahmadreza Schricker Architecture - North |url=https://www.architecturalrecord.com/articles/15406-argo-factory-contemporary-art-museum-cultural-centre-by-ahmadreza-schricker-architecture---north |access-date=2022-03-24 |website=www.architecturalrecord.com |language=en}}</ref> ==স্থাপত্য== ইয়াৰ অনন্য স্থাপত্য বৈশিষ্ট্য যেনে ওখ চিমনি আৰু চহৰৰ মাজমজিয়াত কৌশলগত ভৌগোলিক অৱস্থানত অৱস্থিত থকা স্বতেও বছৰ বছৰ ধৰি এই কাৰখানাটো অৱহেলিত হৈ পৰিছিল আৰু শেষত প্ৰায় চাৰি দশক ধৰি এটা জৰাজীৰ্ণ অট্টালিকাত পৰিণত হৈছিল। ==পুনৰুদ্ধাৰ== === গাঁথনিগত ভেটি === গাঁথনি অভিযন্তা বেহৰাং বানি আদমে ডিজাইন কৰা নতুন ভেটিৰ গঠনে স্থাপত্যৰ প্ৰকাশভংগীক তেহৰাণৰ ঘৰৰ পুৰণি ধাতুৰ (হালাবী) চাল আৰু সংগ্ৰহালয়ৰ নতুন ভাসমান (কংক্ৰিটৰ) চালৰ মাজত এক সংযত ধাৰা বজাই ৰখাত সহায় কৰিছে; এই নতুন চালবোৰেই হৈছে মূল কাৰখানাৰ বাহিৰৰ অংশত একমাত্ৰ নতুন সংযোজন। এই নতুন ডিজাইনটোৱে পৰম্পৰাগত স্থানীয় ধাতুৰ চালৰ আৰ্হিৰ পৰা প্ৰেৰণা লাভ কৰিছে আৰু ইয়াক পাঁচটা গতিশীল, ভাসমান চাল হিচাপে পুনৰ সংযোজন কৰা হৈছে: প্ৰত্যেকেই ইয়াৰ তলত অনুষ্ঠিত হোৱা সাংস্কৃতিক অনুষ্ঠানসমূহৰ বাবে এক অনন্য পোহৰৰ পৰিৱেশ সৃষ্টি কৰে।<ref>https://www.archdaily.com/979255/argo-contemporary-art-museum-and-cultural-centre-ahmadreza-schricker-architecture-north-asa-north</ref> আৰ্গো কাৰখানাটোৰ পুনৰুদ্ধাৰৰ কাম আৰম্ভ হৈছিল ইয়াৰ জৰাজীৰ্ণ গঠনৰ মেৰামতিৰ পৰা। ভৱনটোক সুস্থিৰ কৰিবলৈ দলটোৱে নতুন গাঁথনিগত ভেটি স্থাপন কৰিছিল, যিবোৰ ইয়াৰ দীৰ্ঘম্যাদী সংৰক্ষণৰ বাবে অতি গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ আছিল। স্থপতিবিদসকলে মূল বোজা বহনকাৰী ইটাৰ দেৱালবোৰ ধৰি ৰাখিছিল, যিয়ে কাৰখানাটোৰ ঔদ্যোগিক চৰিত্ৰক প্ৰতিফলিত কৰিছিল। <ref>https://www.architecturalrecord.com/articles/15406-argo-factory-contemporary-art-museum-cultural-centre-by-ahmadreza-schricker-architecture---north</ref> === উচ্চ কংক্ৰিটৰ চাল === আৰ্গো কাৰখানাত ৫০ চে.মি. উচ্চতাৰ পাঁচখন কংক্ৰিটৰ চাল মূল ইটাৰ বেৰৰ ওপৰেৰে ওপৰলৈ উঠিছে, য’ত জলবায়ু নিয়ন্ত্ৰণ আৰু যান্ত্ৰিক ব্যৱস্থা আছে। এই ডিজাইনে আধুনিক আন্তঃগাঁথনিক নিৰৱচ্ছিন্নভাৱে একত্ৰিত কৰাত সহায় কৰাই নহয়, ৮.৫ মিটাৰ উচ্চতাৰ গেলেৰীসমূহত প্ৰাকৃতিক পোহৰ প্ৰৱেশ কৰিবলৈও অনুমতি দিয়ে। তেহৰাণৰ পৰম্পৰাগত হালাবি (ধাতুৰ) চালৰ পৰা অনুপ্ৰাণিত হৈ নতুন সংযোজনে ঐতিহাসিক গঠনৰ সৈতে এক কৃপাময় বৈপৰীত্য সৃষ্টি কৰাৰ বিপৰীতে কংক্ৰিটৰ ব্যৱহাৰে নিৰ্মাণৰ নিষেধাজ্ঞাৰ বাবে স্থানটোৰ ঔদ্যোগিক পৰিচয়ক শক্তিশালী কৰে। <ref>https://www.archdaily.com/979255/argo-contemporary-art-museum-and-cultural-centre-ahmadreza-schricker-architecture-north-asa-north</ref> ===আৰ্গো কাৰখানাৰ স্থানীয় সম্প্ৰসাৰণ === এই প্ৰকল্পটোৱে ভৱনটোৰ মূল আকাৰ প্ৰায় ৮৫% যথেষ্ট বৃদ্ধি কৰি ইয়াৰ আয়তন ৪৮০ বৰ্গমিটাৰৰ পৰা ১,৮৯০ বৰ্গমিটাৰলৈ বৃদ্ধি কৰা হয়। ১৯৭৯ চনৰ ইৰাণী বিপ্লৱৰ পিছত তেহৰাণত স্থাপিত হোৱা প্ৰথমটো ব্যক্তিগত সমসাময়িক কলা সংগ্ৰহালয় হৈছে আৰ্গো ফেক্টৰী। ইয়াত শিল্পীসকলক বিভিন্ন ধৰণৰ চিলিঙৰ উচ্চতা (১৫ মিটাৰ পৰ্যন্ত উচ্চতা) আৰু বিভিন্ন ধৰণৰ স্থান প্ৰদান কৰা হয়, যিয়ে প্ৰদৰ্শনী আৰু ইনষ্টলেচনৰ বাবে অধিক নমনীয়তা প্ৰদান কৰে। এতিয়া চহৰখনৰ এক বিখ্যাত সাংস্কৃতিক কেন্দ্ৰ, এই কাৰখানাটোৱে স্থানীয় আৰু আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় উভয় দৰ্শনাৰ্থীক আকৰ্ষণ কৰে। ইয়াৰ সফল ৰূপান্তৰে চাৰিওফালৰ অট্টালিকাসমূহৰ সংস্কাৰৰ বাবেও অনুপ্ৰাণিত কৰিছে আৰু তেহৰাণৰ ডাউনটাউনৰ সাংস্কৃতিক পুনৰুজ্জীৱিতকৰণত উল্লেখযোগ্য ভূমিকা পালন কৰিছে।<ref>https://www.archdaily.com/979255/argo-contemporary-art-museum-and-cultural-centre-ahmadreza-schricker-architecture-north-asa-north</ref> দুটা পৰ্যায়ত কাৰখানাটো সংস্কাৰ কৰা হৈছিল আৰু শেষৰখিনি ২০১৮/১৯ চনত সম্পূৰ্ণ হৈছিল। <ref>{{Cite web |title=Pejman Foundation – The Room Becomes A Street {{!}} Independent Collectors |url=https://independent-collectors.com/collections/the-room-becomes-a-street/ |access-date=2022-02-28 |language=en-US}}</ref> নিউয়ৰ্কস্থিত স্থাপত্য প্ৰতিষ্ঠান এ এছ এ নৰ্থৰ সহযোগত প্ৰায় চাৰি দশক পৰিত্যক্ত হোৱাৰ পিছত আৰ্গো ফেক্টৰী সম্পূৰ্ণৰূপে ৰূপান্তৰিত হয়; এই কামৰ বাবে ই ২০২২ চনত স্থাপত্যৰ বাবে আগা খান বঁটাকে ধৰি বহুতো বঁটা লাভ কৰে। <ref name=":2">{{cite web | url=https://www.architecturalrecord.com/articles/15406-argo-factory-contemporary-art-museum-cultural-centre-by-ahmadreza-schricker-architecture---north | title=Argo Factory: Contemporary Art Museum & Cultural Centre by Ahmadreza Schricker Architecture - North &#124; 2021-11-22 &#124; Architectural Record }}</ref><ref name="wallpaper.com" /><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.gagallery.com/press/canvas18 | title=Canvas - Factory Rules, Hannah Jacobi - Press - Green . Art . Gallery }}</ref><ref name="archdaily.com"></ref> == পুৰষ্কাৰ == বিশেষ ডিজাইনৰ বাবে আৰ্গো কাৰখানাই যথেষ্ট মনোযোগ লাভ কৰিছিল আৰু বিশ্ব পৰ্যায়ত ডাঙৰ ডাঙৰ স্থাপত্য বঁটা লাভ কৰিবলৈ সক্ষম হৈছিল। ২০২২ চনত এই ভৱনটো ইৰাণৰ আন দুটা প্ৰকল্পৰ সৈতে ১৬খন দেশৰ পৰা দাখিল কৰা ৪৬৩টা কামৰ ভিতৰত স্থাপত্যৰ বাবে আগা খান বঁটাৰ বাবে চূড়ান্ত প্ৰাৰ্থীৰ তালিকাত অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত কৰা হয় আৰু এই তালিকাৰ পৰা ছটা প্ৰকল্পক চূড়ান্ত বিজয়ী হিচাপে নিৰ্বাচিত কৰা হয়। <ref name=":2" /><ref>{{cite web |title=Aga Khan Award for Architecture announces 2022 shortlist &#124; Aga Khan Development Network |url=https://www.akdn.org/press-release/aga-khan-award-architecture-announces-2022-shortlist}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Argo Contemporary Art Museum & Cultural Centre &#124; Aga Khan Development Network |url=https://www.akdn.org/architecture/project/argo-contemporary-art-museum-cultural-centre}}</ref> ইয়াৰে অন্যতম বিজয়ী আছিল আহমদ্ৰেজা শ্ৰীকাৰ (এ এছ এ নৰ্থ)ৰ দ্বাৰা পুনৰ নিৰ্মাণ কৰা আৰ্গো ফেক্টৰী। প্ৰতি তিনি বছৰৰ মূৰে মূৰে স্থাপত্যৰ বাবে আগা খান বঁটা প্ৰদান কৰা হয়। ডেজিন ৱেবছাইটৰ দ্বাৰা আয়োজিত ২০২২ চনৰ ডেজিন আৰ্কিটেকচাৰ প্ৰাইজতো আৰ্গো ফেক্টৰীয়ে লাভ কৰে। এই বঁটাত তিনিটা শাখা আছে: স্থাপত্য, অভ্যন্তৰীণ, আৰু ডিজাইন; প্ৰতিটো শ্ৰেণীত ১৪টা উপ-শ্ৰেণী আছে। শেষত প্ৰতিটো শাখাৰ পৰা এজনকৈ চূড়ান্ত বিজয়ী নিৰ্বাচিত কৰা হ’ব আৰু ডেজিন স্থাপত্য বঁটাৰ তিনিটা বিশেষ কামৰ ভিতৰত এটা হিচাপে সন্মানিত কৰা হ’ব। এই বঁটাসমূহৰ পঞ্চম সংস্কৰণত সাংস্কৃতিক অট্টালিকা বিভাগত এই আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় প্ৰতিযোগিতাৰ চূড়ান্ত পৰ্যায় বা চৰ্টলিষ্টত নিৰ্বাচিত কৰা প্ৰকল্পসমূহৰ ভিতৰত অন্যতম আছিল আৰ্গো ফেক্টৰী; এই শিতানৰ চূড়ান্ত বিজয়ী হয় আৰু ২০২২ চনৰ ডেজিন বঁটাত 'বছৰৰ স্থাপত্য প্ৰকল্প' হিচাপেও ঘোষণা কৰা হয়।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Argo Contemporary Art Museum & Cultural Centre {{!}} Winners {{!}} Dezeen Awards 2022 |url=https://www.dezeen.com/awards/2022/winners/argo-contemporary-art-museum-cultural-centre/ |access-date=2022-11-19 |website=Dezeen |language=en}}</ref> ==কাৰ্যসূচী == আৰ্গো ফেক্টৰীটো পেজমেন ফাউণ্ডেশ্যনৰ মালিকানাধীন এক বৈচিত্ৰময় গোটৰ ছাইটৰ অংশ। পেজমেন ফাউণ্ডেচনে প্ৰদৰ্শনী, আলোচনা, আৰু অনুষ্ঠানৰ জৰিয়তে কলা আৰু সংস্কৃতিক প্ৰসাৰিত কৰে। ===প্ৰদৰ্শনী === *নীল বেলৌফা - ২০১৭ <ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Erdbrink |first=Thomas |date=2017-10-20 |title=Selling the Porsche to Promote Iranian Art |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/20/world/middleeast/iran-art.html |access-date=2022-02-28 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> * ন'জ টু ন'জ -স্লাভ আৰু টাটাৰ -২০১৭ * Elsewhere Interactive VR Installation - 2018 * [[Nazgol Ansarinia]]: The Room Becomes a Street - 2020 * “For the sake of Calmness” A project by [[Newsha Tavakolian]] - 2020 * “In the Midst” vol. 1 - 2021 * Video at Large Selection of videos from the collection of Paris [[Musée d'Art Moderne de Paris|Museum of Modern Art]] - 2021 * [[Mohsen Vaziri-Moghaddam|Mohsen Vaziri Moghaddam]]: Unrealised Projects - 2021<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-11-26 |title=Preview of a first-of-its-kind exhibition on Mohsen Vaziri Moghaddam at the Italian Embassy in Tehran |url=https://en.irna.ir/news/84555807/Preview-of-a-first-of-its-kind-exhibition-on-Mohsen-Vaziri-Moghaddam |access-date=2022-02-28 |website=IRNA English |language=en}}</ref> * Vanishing Point; A Selection of Pejman Collection - 2022 * “Truth Lies not in One Dream, but in Many” [[Arabian Nights (1974 film)|The One Thousand and One Nights]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0071502/ | title=Il fiore delle mille e una notte | website=[[IMDb]] }}</ref> of [[Pier Paolo Pasolini|Pasolini]] narrated by [https://robertovillaart.eu/ Roberto Villa]’s Photos - 2022 <ref>{{cite web | url=https://pejman.foundation/argofactory/truth-lies-not-in-one-dream-but-in-many/ | title=Pejman Foundation: Argo Factory — Truth Lies Not in One Dream, but in Many }}</ref> * Remembrance of Things Present; An Exhibition by ASA-North - 2023 == তথ্যৰ উৎস== {{reflist}} == বাহ্যিক সংযোগ == * [https://pejman.foundation/argofactory/ Official Website] [[শ্ৰেণী:সংগ্ৰহালয়]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ইৰান]] 0kowfeyfa1olwx42dubn37d1e3fdesh 605934 605933 2026-05-12T06:49:44Z নৰুনা বৰুৱা 44897 /* প্ৰদৰ্শনী */ 605934 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Argo Factory1.jpg|300px|thumb|আৰ্গো ফেক্টৰী]] [[File:Argo Factory2.jpg|300px|thumb|আৰ্গো ফেক্টৰী]] '''আৰ্গো ফেক্টৰী ({{Lang-en|Argo Factory}})'''[[ইৰাণ]]ৰ [[তেহৰাণ]]ত অৱস্থিত এটা সমসাময়িক কলা সংগ্ৰহালয় আৰু সাংস্কৃতিক কেন্দ্ৰ, যিটো পূৰ্বৰ ৱাইন কাৰখানাত অৱস্থিত। আৰ্গো ফেক্টৰী পেজমেন ফাউণ্ডেশ্যন ছাইটৰ এটা অংশ। <ref>{{Cite web |title=Pejman Foundation: Argo Factory — About |url=https://pejman.foundation/argofactory/about/ |access-date=2022-02-28 |website=pejman.foundation}}</ref> ==ইতিহাস== ১৯২০ চনৰ আৰম্ভণিতে নিৰ্মিত আৰ্গো কাৰখানা ইৰাণৰ প্ৰথম ঔদ্যোগিক কাৰখানাসমূহৰ ভিতৰত অন্যতম কাৰাখানা আছিল। ১৯৬০ চনত এইটো এটা ডাঙৰ পানীয় কাৰখানাত পৰিণত হয়, ১৯৭০ চনত পৰিৱেশজনিত সমস্যাৰ কাৰনে ইয়াক স্থায়ীভাৱে বন্ধ কৰিবলৈ বাধ্য নকৰে।<ref name=":1" /><ref name="archdaily.com">{{cite web | url=https://www.archdaily.com/979255/argo-contemporary-art-museum-and-cultural-centre-ahmadreza-schricker-architecture-north-asa-north | title=Argo Contemporary Art Museum & Cultural Centre / Ahmadreza Schricker Architecture North - ASA North | date=29 March 2022 }}</ref><ref name="wallpaper.com">{{cite web | url=https://www.wallpaper.com/architecture/argo-factory-contemporary-art-museum-cultural-centre-ahmadreza-schricker-architecture-north-tehran-iran | title=Tehran's Argo Factory complex reinvents brewery architecture for the arts | date=4 March 2022 }}</ref> ২০১৬ চনত পেজমেন ফাউণ্ডেচনে কাৰখানাটো ক্ৰয় কৰি সংস্কাৰ কৰে। "এসময়ত তাত বনোৱা বিয়েৰৰ নাম"ৰ পৰাই এই কাৰখানাটোৰ নাম আৰ্গো হৈছে। <ref>{{cite web | url=https://archive.pinupmagazine.org/articles/argo-museum-hope-factory-pejman-tehran-ahmadreza-schricker | title=ARGO FACTORY: Tehran's First Contemporary Art Museum Since the Revolution }}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Esmaili |first=Yasaman |title=Argo Factory: Contemporary Art Museum & Cultural Centre by Ahmadreza Schricker Architecture - North |url=https://www.architecturalrecord.com/articles/15406-argo-factory-contemporary-art-museum-cultural-centre-by-ahmadreza-schricker-architecture---north |access-date=2022-03-24 |website=www.architecturalrecord.com |language=en}}</ref> ==স্থাপত্য== ইয়াৰ অনন্য স্থাপত্য বৈশিষ্ট্য যেনে ওখ চিমনি আৰু চহৰৰ মাজমজিয়াত কৌশলগত ভৌগোলিক অৱস্থানত অৱস্থিত থকা স্বতেও বছৰ বছৰ ধৰি এই কাৰখানাটো অৱহেলিত হৈ পৰিছিল আৰু শেষত প্ৰায় চাৰি দশক ধৰি এটা জৰাজীৰ্ণ অট্টালিকাত পৰিণত হৈছিল। ==পুনৰুদ্ধাৰ== === গাঁথনিগত ভেটি === গাঁথনি অভিযন্তা বেহৰাং বানি আদমে ডিজাইন কৰা নতুন ভেটিৰ গঠনে স্থাপত্যৰ প্ৰকাশভংগীক তেহৰাণৰ ঘৰৰ পুৰণি ধাতুৰ (হালাবী) চাল আৰু সংগ্ৰহালয়ৰ নতুন ভাসমান (কংক্ৰিটৰ) চালৰ মাজত এক সংযত ধাৰা বজাই ৰখাত সহায় কৰিছে; এই নতুন চালবোৰেই হৈছে মূল কাৰখানাৰ বাহিৰৰ অংশত একমাত্ৰ নতুন সংযোজন। এই নতুন ডিজাইনটোৱে পৰম্পৰাগত স্থানীয় ধাতুৰ চালৰ আৰ্হিৰ পৰা প্ৰেৰণা লাভ কৰিছে আৰু ইয়াক পাঁচটা গতিশীল, ভাসমান চাল হিচাপে পুনৰ সংযোজন কৰা হৈছে: প্ৰত্যেকেই ইয়াৰ তলত অনুষ্ঠিত হোৱা সাংস্কৃতিক অনুষ্ঠানসমূহৰ বাবে এক অনন্য পোহৰৰ পৰিৱেশ সৃষ্টি কৰে।<ref>https://www.archdaily.com/979255/argo-contemporary-art-museum-and-cultural-centre-ahmadreza-schricker-architecture-north-asa-north</ref> আৰ্গো কাৰখানাটোৰ পুনৰুদ্ধাৰৰ কাম আৰম্ভ হৈছিল ইয়াৰ জৰাজীৰ্ণ গঠনৰ মেৰামতিৰ পৰা। ভৱনটোক সুস্থিৰ কৰিবলৈ দলটোৱে নতুন গাঁথনিগত ভেটি স্থাপন কৰিছিল, যিবোৰ ইয়াৰ দীৰ্ঘম্যাদী সংৰক্ষণৰ বাবে অতি গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ আছিল। স্থপতিবিদসকলে মূল বোজা বহনকাৰী ইটাৰ দেৱালবোৰ ধৰি ৰাখিছিল, যিয়ে কাৰখানাটোৰ ঔদ্যোগিক চৰিত্ৰক প্ৰতিফলিত কৰিছিল। <ref>https://www.architecturalrecord.com/articles/15406-argo-factory-contemporary-art-museum-cultural-centre-by-ahmadreza-schricker-architecture---north</ref> === উচ্চ কংক্ৰিটৰ চাল === আৰ্গো কাৰখানাত ৫০ চে.মি. উচ্চতাৰ পাঁচখন কংক্ৰিটৰ চাল মূল ইটাৰ বেৰৰ ওপৰেৰে ওপৰলৈ উঠিছে, য’ত জলবায়ু নিয়ন্ত্ৰণ আৰু যান্ত্ৰিক ব্যৱস্থা আছে। এই ডিজাইনে আধুনিক আন্তঃগাঁথনিক নিৰৱচ্ছিন্নভাৱে একত্ৰিত কৰাত সহায় কৰাই নহয়, ৮.৫ মিটাৰ উচ্চতাৰ গেলেৰীসমূহত প্ৰাকৃতিক পোহৰ প্ৰৱেশ কৰিবলৈও অনুমতি দিয়ে। তেহৰাণৰ পৰম্পৰাগত হালাবি (ধাতুৰ) চালৰ পৰা অনুপ্ৰাণিত হৈ নতুন সংযোজনে ঐতিহাসিক গঠনৰ সৈতে এক কৃপাময় বৈপৰীত্য সৃষ্টি কৰাৰ বিপৰীতে কংক্ৰিটৰ ব্যৱহাৰে নিৰ্মাণৰ নিষেধাজ্ঞাৰ বাবে স্থানটোৰ ঔদ্যোগিক পৰিচয়ক শক্তিশালী কৰে। <ref>https://www.archdaily.com/979255/argo-contemporary-art-museum-and-cultural-centre-ahmadreza-schricker-architecture-north-asa-north</ref> ===আৰ্গো কাৰখানাৰ স্থানীয় সম্প্ৰসাৰণ === এই প্ৰকল্পটোৱে ভৱনটোৰ মূল আকাৰ প্ৰায় ৮৫% যথেষ্ট বৃদ্ধি কৰি ইয়াৰ আয়তন ৪৮০ বৰ্গমিটাৰৰ পৰা ১,৮৯০ বৰ্গমিটাৰলৈ বৃদ্ধি কৰা হয়। ১৯৭৯ চনৰ ইৰাণী বিপ্লৱৰ পিছত তেহৰাণত স্থাপিত হোৱা প্ৰথমটো ব্যক্তিগত সমসাময়িক কলা সংগ্ৰহালয় হৈছে আৰ্গো ফেক্টৰী। ইয়াত শিল্পীসকলক বিভিন্ন ধৰণৰ চিলিঙৰ উচ্চতা (১৫ মিটাৰ পৰ্যন্ত উচ্চতা) আৰু বিভিন্ন ধৰণৰ স্থান প্ৰদান কৰা হয়, যিয়ে প্ৰদৰ্শনী আৰু ইনষ্টলেচনৰ বাবে অধিক নমনীয়তা প্ৰদান কৰে। এতিয়া চহৰখনৰ এক বিখ্যাত সাংস্কৃতিক কেন্দ্ৰ, এই কাৰখানাটোৱে স্থানীয় আৰু আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় উভয় দৰ্শনাৰ্থীক আকৰ্ষণ কৰে। ইয়াৰ সফল ৰূপান্তৰে চাৰিওফালৰ অট্টালিকাসমূহৰ সংস্কাৰৰ বাবেও অনুপ্ৰাণিত কৰিছে আৰু তেহৰাণৰ ডাউনটাউনৰ সাংস্কৃতিক পুনৰুজ্জীৱিতকৰণত উল্লেখযোগ্য ভূমিকা পালন কৰিছে।<ref>https://www.archdaily.com/979255/argo-contemporary-art-museum-and-cultural-centre-ahmadreza-schricker-architecture-north-asa-north</ref> দুটা পৰ্যায়ত কাৰখানাটো সংস্কাৰ কৰা হৈছিল আৰু শেষৰখিনি ২০১৮/১৯ চনত সম্পূৰ্ণ হৈছিল। <ref>{{Cite web |title=Pejman Foundation – The Room Becomes A Street {{!}} Independent Collectors |url=https://independent-collectors.com/collections/the-room-becomes-a-street/ |access-date=2022-02-28 |language=en-US}}</ref> নিউয়ৰ্কস্থিত স্থাপত্য প্ৰতিষ্ঠান এ এছ এ নৰ্থৰ সহযোগত প্ৰায় চাৰি দশক পৰিত্যক্ত হোৱাৰ পিছত আৰ্গো ফেক্টৰী সম্পূৰ্ণৰূপে ৰূপান্তৰিত হয়; এই কামৰ বাবে ই ২০২২ চনত স্থাপত্যৰ বাবে আগা খান বঁটাকে ধৰি বহুতো বঁটা লাভ কৰে। <ref name=":2">{{cite web | url=https://www.architecturalrecord.com/articles/15406-argo-factory-contemporary-art-museum-cultural-centre-by-ahmadreza-schricker-architecture---north | title=Argo Factory: Contemporary Art Museum & Cultural Centre by Ahmadreza Schricker Architecture - North &#124; 2021-11-22 &#124; Architectural Record }}</ref><ref name="wallpaper.com" /><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.gagallery.com/press/canvas18 | title=Canvas - Factory Rules, Hannah Jacobi - Press - Green . Art . Gallery }}</ref><ref name="archdaily.com"></ref> == পুৰষ্কাৰ == বিশেষ ডিজাইনৰ বাবে আৰ্গো কাৰখানাই যথেষ্ট মনোযোগ লাভ কৰিছিল আৰু বিশ্ব পৰ্যায়ত ডাঙৰ ডাঙৰ স্থাপত্য বঁটা লাভ কৰিবলৈ সক্ষম হৈছিল। ২০২২ চনত এই ভৱনটো ইৰাণৰ আন দুটা প্ৰকল্পৰ সৈতে ১৬খন দেশৰ পৰা দাখিল কৰা ৪৬৩টা কামৰ ভিতৰত স্থাপত্যৰ বাবে আগা খান বঁটাৰ বাবে চূড়ান্ত প্ৰাৰ্থীৰ তালিকাত অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত কৰা হয় আৰু এই তালিকাৰ পৰা ছটা প্ৰকল্পক চূড়ান্ত বিজয়ী হিচাপে নিৰ্বাচিত কৰা হয়। <ref name=":2" /><ref>{{cite web |title=Aga Khan Award for Architecture announces 2022 shortlist &#124; Aga Khan Development Network |url=https://www.akdn.org/press-release/aga-khan-award-architecture-announces-2022-shortlist}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Argo Contemporary Art Museum & Cultural Centre &#124; Aga Khan Development Network |url=https://www.akdn.org/architecture/project/argo-contemporary-art-museum-cultural-centre}}</ref> ইয়াৰে অন্যতম বিজয়ী আছিল আহমদ্ৰেজা শ্ৰীকাৰ (এ এছ এ নৰ্থ)ৰ দ্বাৰা পুনৰ নিৰ্মাণ কৰা আৰ্গো ফেক্টৰী। প্ৰতি তিনি বছৰৰ মূৰে মূৰে স্থাপত্যৰ বাবে আগা খান বঁটা প্ৰদান কৰা হয়। ডেজিন ৱেবছাইটৰ দ্বাৰা আয়োজিত ২০২২ চনৰ ডেজিন আৰ্কিটেকচাৰ প্ৰাইজতো আৰ্গো ফেক্টৰীয়ে লাভ কৰে। এই বঁটাত তিনিটা শাখা আছে: স্থাপত্য, অভ্যন্তৰীণ, আৰু ডিজাইন; প্ৰতিটো শ্ৰেণীত ১৪টা উপ-শ্ৰেণী আছে। শেষত প্ৰতিটো শাখাৰ পৰা এজনকৈ চূড়ান্ত বিজয়ী নিৰ্বাচিত কৰা হ’ব আৰু ডেজিন স্থাপত্য বঁটাৰ তিনিটা বিশেষ কামৰ ভিতৰত এটা হিচাপে সন্মানিত কৰা হ’ব। এই বঁটাসমূহৰ পঞ্চম সংস্কৰণত সাংস্কৃতিক অট্টালিকা বিভাগত এই আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় প্ৰতিযোগিতাৰ চূড়ান্ত পৰ্যায় বা চৰ্টলিষ্টত নিৰ্বাচিত কৰা প্ৰকল্পসমূহৰ ভিতৰত অন্যতম আছিল আৰ্গো ফেক্টৰী; এই শিতানৰ চূড়ান্ত বিজয়ী হয় আৰু ২০২২ চনৰ ডেজিন বঁটাত 'বছৰৰ স্থাপত্য প্ৰকল্প' হিচাপেও ঘোষণা কৰা হয়।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Argo Contemporary Art Museum & Cultural Centre {{!}} Winners {{!}} Dezeen Awards 2022 |url=https://www.dezeen.com/awards/2022/winners/argo-contemporary-art-museum-cultural-centre/ |access-date=2022-11-19 |website=Dezeen |language=en}}</ref> ==কাৰ্যসূচী == আৰ্গো ফেক্টৰীটো পেজমেন ফাউণ্ডেশ্যনৰ মালিকানাধীন এক বৈচিত্ৰময় গোটৰ ছাইটৰ অংশ। পেজমেন ফাউণ্ডেচনে প্ৰদৰ্শনী, আলোচনা, আৰু অনুষ্ঠানৰ জৰিয়তে কলা আৰু সংস্কৃতিক প্ৰসাৰিত কৰে। ===প্ৰদৰ্শনী === *নীল বেলৌফা - ২০১৭ <ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Erdbrink |first=Thomas |date=2017-10-20 |title=Selling the Porsche to Promote Iranian Art |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/20/world/middleeast/iran-art.html |access-date=2022-02-28 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> * ন'জ টু ন'জ -স্লাভ আৰু টাটাৰ -২০১৭ * Elsewhere Interactive VR Installation - 2018 * [[Nazgol Ansarinia]]: The Room Becomes a Street - 2020 * “For the sake of Calmness” A project by [[Newsha Tavakolian]] - 2020 * “In the Midst” vol. 1 - 2021 * Video at Large Selection of videos from the collection of Paris [[Musée d'Art Moderne de Paris|Museum of Modern Art]] - 2021 * [[Mohsen Vaziri-Moghaddam|Mohsen Vaziri Moghaddam]]: Unrealised Projects - 2021<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-11-26 |title=Preview of a first-of-its-kind exhibition on Mohsen Vaziri Moghaddam at the Italian Embassy in Tehran |url=https://en.irna.ir/news/84555807/Preview-of-a-first-of-its-kind-exhibition-on-Mohsen-Vaziri-Moghaddam |access-date=2022-02-28 |website=IRNA English |language=en}}</ref> * Vanishing Point; A Selection of Pejman Collection - 2022 * “Truth Lies not in One Dream, but in Many” [[Arabian Nights (1974 film)|The One Thousand and One Nights]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0071502/ | title=Il fiore delle mille e una notte | website=[[IMDb]] }}</ref> of [[Pier Paolo Pasolini|Pasolini]] narrated by [https://robertovillaart.eu/ Roberto Villa]’s Photos - 2022 <ref>{{cite web | url=https://pejman.foundation/argofactory/truth-lies-not-in-one-dream-but-in-many/ | title=Pejman Foundation: Argo Factory — Truth Lies Not in One Dream, but in Many }}</ref> * ৰিমেম্বেৰেন্স অৱ থিংচ প্ৰেজেণ্ট; ASA-North-2023 ৰ প্ৰৰ্দশনী। == তথ্যৰ উৎস== {{reflist}} == বাহ্যিক সংযোগ == * [https://pejman.foundation/argofactory/ Official Website] [[শ্ৰেণী:সংগ্ৰহালয়]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ইৰান]] 46thtav3ld3qa2q8lgdacloney0s1vk 605935 605934 2026-05-12T06:54:29Z নৰুনা বৰুৱা 44897 /* প্ৰদৰ্শনী */ 605935 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Argo Factory1.jpg|300px|thumb|আৰ্গো ফেক্টৰী]] [[File:Argo Factory2.jpg|300px|thumb|আৰ্গো ফেক্টৰী]] '''আৰ্গো ফেক্টৰী ({{Lang-en|Argo Factory}})'''[[ইৰাণ]]ৰ [[তেহৰাণ]]ত অৱস্থিত এটা সমসাময়িক কলা সংগ্ৰহালয় আৰু সাংস্কৃতিক কেন্দ্ৰ, যিটো পূৰ্বৰ ৱাইন কাৰখানাত অৱস্থিত। আৰ্গো ফেক্টৰী পেজমেন ফাউণ্ডেশ্যন ছাইটৰ এটা অংশ। <ref>{{Cite web |title=Pejman Foundation: Argo Factory — About |url=https://pejman.foundation/argofactory/about/ |access-date=2022-02-28 |website=pejman.foundation}}</ref> ==ইতিহাস== ১৯২০ চনৰ আৰম্ভণিতে নিৰ্মিত আৰ্গো কাৰখানা ইৰাণৰ প্ৰথম ঔদ্যোগিক কাৰখানাসমূহৰ ভিতৰত অন্যতম কাৰাখানা আছিল। ১৯৬০ চনত এইটো এটা ডাঙৰ পানীয় কাৰখানাত পৰিণত হয়, ১৯৭০ চনত পৰিৱেশজনিত সমস্যাৰ কাৰনে ইয়াক স্থায়ীভাৱে বন্ধ কৰিবলৈ বাধ্য নকৰে।<ref name=":1" /><ref name="archdaily.com">{{cite web | url=https://www.archdaily.com/979255/argo-contemporary-art-museum-and-cultural-centre-ahmadreza-schricker-architecture-north-asa-north | title=Argo Contemporary Art Museum & Cultural Centre / Ahmadreza Schricker Architecture North - ASA North | date=29 March 2022 }}</ref><ref name="wallpaper.com">{{cite web | url=https://www.wallpaper.com/architecture/argo-factory-contemporary-art-museum-cultural-centre-ahmadreza-schricker-architecture-north-tehran-iran | title=Tehran's Argo Factory complex reinvents brewery architecture for the arts | date=4 March 2022 }}</ref> ২০১৬ চনত পেজমেন ফাউণ্ডেচনে কাৰখানাটো ক্ৰয় কৰি সংস্কাৰ কৰে। "এসময়ত তাত বনোৱা বিয়েৰৰ নাম"ৰ পৰাই এই কাৰখানাটোৰ নাম আৰ্গো হৈছে। <ref>{{cite web | url=https://archive.pinupmagazine.org/articles/argo-museum-hope-factory-pejman-tehran-ahmadreza-schricker | title=ARGO FACTORY: Tehran's First Contemporary Art Museum Since the Revolution }}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Esmaili |first=Yasaman |title=Argo Factory: Contemporary Art Museum & Cultural Centre by Ahmadreza Schricker Architecture - North |url=https://www.architecturalrecord.com/articles/15406-argo-factory-contemporary-art-museum-cultural-centre-by-ahmadreza-schricker-architecture---north |access-date=2022-03-24 |website=www.architecturalrecord.com |language=en}}</ref> ==স্থাপত্য== ইয়াৰ অনন্য স্থাপত্য বৈশিষ্ট্য যেনে ওখ চিমনি আৰু চহৰৰ মাজমজিয়াত কৌশলগত ভৌগোলিক অৱস্থানত অৱস্থিত থকা স্বতেও বছৰ বছৰ ধৰি এই কাৰখানাটো অৱহেলিত হৈ পৰিছিল আৰু শেষত প্ৰায় চাৰি দশক ধৰি এটা জৰাজীৰ্ণ অট্টালিকাত পৰিণত হৈছিল। ==পুনৰুদ্ধাৰ== === গাঁথনিগত ভেটি === গাঁথনি অভিযন্তা বেহৰাং বানি আদমে ডিজাইন কৰা নতুন ভেটিৰ গঠনে স্থাপত্যৰ প্ৰকাশভংগীক তেহৰাণৰ ঘৰৰ পুৰণি ধাতুৰ (হালাবী) চাল আৰু সংগ্ৰহালয়ৰ নতুন ভাসমান (কংক্ৰিটৰ) চালৰ মাজত এক সংযত ধাৰা বজাই ৰখাত সহায় কৰিছে; এই নতুন চালবোৰেই হৈছে মূল কাৰখানাৰ বাহিৰৰ অংশত একমাত্ৰ নতুন সংযোজন। এই নতুন ডিজাইনটোৱে পৰম্পৰাগত স্থানীয় ধাতুৰ চালৰ আৰ্হিৰ পৰা প্ৰেৰণা লাভ কৰিছে আৰু ইয়াক পাঁচটা গতিশীল, ভাসমান চাল হিচাপে পুনৰ সংযোজন কৰা হৈছে: প্ৰত্যেকেই ইয়াৰ তলত অনুষ্ঠিত হোৱা সাংস্কৃতিক অনুষ্ঠানসমূহৰ বাবে এক অনন্য পোহৰৰ পৰিৱেশ সৃষ্টি কৰে।<ref>https://www.archdaily.com/979255/argo-contemporary-art-museum-and-cultural-centre-ahmadreza-schricker-architecture-north-asa-north</ref> আৰ্গো কাৰখানাটোৰ পুনৰুদ্ধাৰৰ কাম আৰম্ভ হৈছিল ইয়াৰ জৰাজীৰ্ণ গঠনৰ মেৰামতিৰ পৰা। ভৱনটোক সুস্থিৰ কৰিবলৈ দলটোৱে নতুন গাঁথনিগত ভেটি স্থাপন কৰিছিল, যিবোৰ ইয়াৰ দীৰ্ঘম্যাদী সংৰক্ষণৰ বাবে অতি গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ আছিল। স্থপতিবিদসকলে মূল বোজা বহনকাৰী ইটাৰ দেৱালবোৰ ধৰি ৰাখিছিল, যিয়ে কাৰখানাটোৰ ঔদ্যোগিক চৰিত্ৰক প্ৰতিফলিত কৰিছিল। <ref>https://www.architecturalrecord.com/articles/15406-argo-factory-contemporary-art-museum-cultural-centre-by-ahmadreza-schricker-architecture---north</ref> === উচ্চ কংক্ৰিটৰ চাল === আৰ্গো কাৰখানাত ৫০ চে.মি. উচ্চতাৰ পাঁচখন কংক্ৰিটৰ চাল মূল ইটাৰ বেৰৰ ওপৰেৰে ওপৰলৈ উঠিছে, য’ত জলবায়ু নিয়ন্ত্ৰণ আৰু যান্ত্ৰিক ব্যৱস্থা আছে। এই ডিজাইনে আধুনিক আন্তঃগাঁথনিক নিৰৱচ্ছিন্নভাৱে একত্ৰিত কৰাত সহায় কৰাই নহয়, ৮.৫ মিটাৰ উচ্চতাৰ গেলেৰীসমূহত প্ৰাকৃতিক পোহৰ প্ৰৱেশ কৰিবলৈও অনুমতি দিয়ে। তেহৰাণৰ পৰম্পৰাগত হালাবি (ধাতুৰ) চালৰ পৰা অনুপ্ৰাণিত হৈ নতুন সংযোজনে ঐতিহাসিক গঠনৰ সৈতে এক কৃপাময় বৈপৰীত্য সৃষ্টি কৰাৰ বিপৰীতে কংক্ৰিটৰ ব্যৱহাৰে নিৰ্মাণৰ নিষেধাজ্ঞাৰ বাবে স্থানটোৰ ঔদ্যোগিক পৰিচয়ক শক্তিশালী কৰে। <ref>https://www.archdaily.com/979255/argo-contemporary-art-museum-and-cultural-centre-ahmadreza-schricker-architecture-north-asa-north</ref> ===আৰ্গো কাৰখানাৰ স্থানীয় সম্প্ৰসাৰণ === এই প্ৰকল্পটোৱে ভৱনটোৰ মূল আকাৰ প্ৰায় ৮৫% যথেষ্ট বৃদ্ধি কৰি ইয়াৰ আয়তন ৪৮০ বৰ্গমিটাৰৰ পৰা ১,৮৯০ বৰ্গমিটাৰলৈ বৃদ্ধি কৰা হয়। ১৯৭৯ চনৰ ইৰাণী বিপ্লৱৰ পিছত তেহৰাণত স্থাপিত হোৱা প্ৰথমটো ব্যক্তিগত সমসাময়িক কলা সংগ্ৰহালয় হৈছে আৰ্গো ফেক্টৰী। ইয়াত শিল্পীসকলক বিভিন্ন ধৰণৰ চিলিঙৰ উচ্চতা (১৫ মিটাৰ পৰ্যন্ত উচ্চতা) আৰু বিভিন্ন ধৰণৰ স্থান প্ৰদান কৰা হয়, যিয়ে প্ৰদৰ্শনী আৰু ইনষ্টলেচনৰ বাবে অধিক নমনীয়তা প্ৰদান কৰে। এতিয়া চহৰখনৰ এক বিখ্যাত সাংস্কৃতিক কেন্দ্ৰ, এই কাৰখানাটোৱে স্থানীয় আৰু আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় উভয় দৰ্শনাৰ্থীক আকৰ্ষণ কৰে। ইয়াৰ সফল ৰূপান্তৰে চাৰিওফালৰ অট্টালিকাসমূহৰ সংস্কাৰৰ বাবেও অনুপ্ৰাণিত কৰিছে আৰু তেহৰাণৰ ডাউনটাউনৰ সাংস্কৃতিক পুনৰুজ্জীৱিতকৰণত উল্লেখযোগ্য ভূমিকা পালন কৰিছে।<ref>https://www.archdaily.com/979255/argo-contemporary-art-museum-and-cultural-centre-ahmadreza-schricker-architecture-north-asa-north</ref> দুটা পৰ্যায়ত কাৰখানাটো সংস্কাৰ কৰা হৈছিল আৰু শেষৰখিনি ২০১৮/১৯ চনত সম্পূৰ্ণ হৈছিল। <ref>{{Cite web |title=Pejman Foundation – The Room Becomes A Street {{!}} Independent Collectors |url=https://independent-collectors.com/collections/the-room-becomes-a-street/ |access-date=2022-02-28 |language=en-US}}</ref> নিউয়ৰ্কস্থিত স্থাপত্য প্ৰতিষ্ঠান এ এছ এ নৰ্থৰ সহযোগত প্ৰায় চাৰি দশক পৰিত্যক্ত হোৱাৰ পিছত আৰ্গো ফেক্টৰী সম্পূৰ্ণৰূপে ৰূপান্তৰিত হয়; এই কামৰ বাবে ই ২০২২ চনত স্থাপত্যৰ বাবে আগা খান বঁটাকে ধৰি বহুতো বঁটা লাভ কৰে। <ref name=":2">{{cite web | url=https://www.architecturalrecord.com/articles/15406-argo-factory-contemporary-art-museum-cultural-centre-by-ahmadreza-schricker-architecture---north | title=Argo Factory: Contemporary Art Museum & Cultural Centre by Ahmadreza Schricker Architecture - North &#124; 2021-11-22 &#124; Architectural Record }}</ref><ref name="wallpaper.com" /><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.gagallery.com/press/canvas18 | title=Canvas - Factory Rules, Hannah Jacobi - Press - Green . Art . Gallery }}</ref><ref name="archdaily.com"></ref> == পুৰষ্কাৰ == বিশেষ ডিজাইনৰ বাবে আৰ্গো কাৰখানাই যথেষ্ট মনোযোগ লাভ কৰিছিল আৰু বিশ্ব পৰ্যায়ত ডাঙৰ ডাঙৰ স্থাপত্য বঁটা লাভ কৰিবলৈ সক্ষম হৈছিল। ২০২২ চনত এই ভৱনটো ইৰাণৰ আন দুটা প্ৰকল্পৰ সৈতে ১৬খন দেশৰ পৰা দাখিল কৰা ৪৬৩টা কামৰ ভিতৰত স্থাপত্যৰ বাবে আগা খান বঁটাৰ বাবে চূড়ান্ত প্ৰাৰ্থীৰ তালিকাত অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত কৰা হয় আৰু এই তালিকাৰ পৰা ছটা প্ৰকল্পক চূড়ান্ত বিজয়ী হিচাপে নিৰ্বাচিত কৰা হয়। <ref name=":2" /><ref>{{cite web |title=Aga Khan Award for Architecture announces 2022 shortlist &#124; Aga Khan Development Network |url=https://www.akdn.org/press-release/aga-khan-award-architecture-announces-2022-shortlist}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Argo Contemporary Art Museum & Cultural Centre &#124; Aga Khan Development Network |url=https://www.akdn.org/architecture/project/argo-contemporary-art-museum-cultural-centre}}</ref> ইয়াৰে অন্যতম বিজয়ী আছিল আহমদ্ৰেজা শ্ৰীকাৰ (এ এছ এ নৰ্থ)ৰ দ্বাৰা পুনৰ নিৰ্মাণ কৰা আৰ্গো ফেক্টৰী। প্ৰতি তিনি বছৰৰ মূৰে মূৰে স্থাপত্যৰ বাবে আগা খান বঁটা প্ৰদান কৰা হয়। ডেজিন ৱেবছাইটৰ দ্বাৰা আয়োজিত ২০২২ চনৰ ডেজিন আৰ্কিটেকচাৰ প্ৰাইজতো আৰ্গো ফেক্টৰীয়ে লাভ কৰে। এই বঁটাত তিনিটা শাখা আছে: স্থাপত্য, অভ্যন্তৰীণ, আৰু ডিজাইন; প্ৰতিটো শ্ৰেণীত ১৪টা উপ-শ্ৰেণী আছে। শেষত প্ৰতিটো শাখাৰ পৰা এজনকৈ চূড়ান্ত বিজয়ী নিৰ্বাচিত কৰা হ’ব আৰু ডেজিন স্থাপত্য বঁটাৰ তিনিটা বিশেষ কামৰ ভিতৰত এটা হিচাপে সন্মানিত কৰা হ’ব। এই বঁটাসমূহৰ পঞ্চম সংস্কৰণত সাংস্কৃতিক অট্টালিকা বিভাগত এই আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় প্ৰতিযোগিতাৰ চূড়ান্ত পৰ্যায় বা চৰ্টলিষ্টত নিৰ্বাচিত কৰা প্ৰকল্পসমূহৰ ভিতৰত অন্যতম আছিল আৰ্গো ফেক্টৰী; এই শিতানৰ চূড়ান্ত বিজয়ী হয় আৰু ২০২২ চনৰ ডেজিন বঁটাত 'বছৰৰ স্থাপত্য প্ৰকল্প' হিচাপেও ঘোষণা কৰা হয়।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Argo Contemporary Art Museum & Cultural Centre {{!}} Winners {{!}} Dezeen Awards 2022 |url=https://www.dezeen.com/awards/2022/winners/argo-contemporary-art-museum-cultural-centre/ |access-date=2022-11-19 |website=Dezeen |language=en}}</ref> ==কাৰ্যসূচী == আৰ্গো ফেক্টৰীটো পেজমেন ফাউণ্ডেশ্যনৰ মালিকানাধীন এক বৈচিত্ৰময় গোটৰ ছাইটৰ অংশ। পেজমেন ফাউণ্ডেচনে প্ৰদৰ্শনী, আলোচনা, আৰু অনুষ্ঠানৰ জৰিয়তে কলা আৰু সংস্কৃতিক প্ৰসাৰিত কৰে। ===প্ৰদৰ্শনী === *নীল বেলৌফা - ২০১৭ <ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Erdbrink |first=Thomas |date=2017-10-20 |title=Selling the Porsche to Promote Iranian Art |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/20/world/middleeast/iran-art.html |access-date=2022-02-28 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> * ন'জ টু ন'জ -স্লাভ আৰু টাটাৰ -২০১৭ * এলহোৱেৰ ইন্টাৰেক্টিভ ভি আৰ ইনষ্টলেচন - ২০১৮ * নাজগোল আনছাৰিনিয়া: দ্য ৰুম বিকামচ্‌ এ ষ্ট্ৰীট-২০২০ * “ফৰ দ্য চেক অৱ চালমনেচ" নিউছা টাভাকোলিয়ান ৰ এটা প্ৰকল্প - ২০২০ * “ইন দ্য মিডষ্ট” ভল্যুম ১ - ২০২১ চন * Video at Large Selection of videos from the collection of Paris [[Musée d'Art Moderne de Paris|Museum of Modern Art]] - 2021 * [[Mohsen Vaziri-Moghaddam|Mohsen Vaziri Moghaddam]]: Unrealised Projects - 2021<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-11-26 |title=Preview of a first-of-its-kind exhibition on Mohsen Vaziri Moghaddam at the Italian Embassy in Tehran |url=https://en.irna.ir/news/84555807/Preview-of-a-first-of-its-kind-exhibition-on-Mohsen-Vaziri-Moghaddam |access-date=2022-02-28 |website=IRNA English |language=en}}</ref> * Vanishing Point; A Selection of Pejman Collection - 2022 * “Truth Lies not in One Dream, but in Many” [[Arabian Nights (1974 film)|The One Thousand and One Nights]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0071502/ | title=Il fiore delle mille e una notte | website=[[IMDb]] }}</ref> of [[Pier Paolo Pasolini|Pasolini]] narrated by [https://robertovillaart.eu/ Roberto Villa]’s Photos - 2022 <ref>{{cite web | url=https://pejman.foundation/argofactory/truth-lies-not-in-one-dream-but-in-many/ | title=Pejman Foundation: Argo Factory — Truth Lies Not in One Dream, but in Many }}</ref> * ৰিমেম্বেৰেন্স অৱ থিংচ প্ৰেজেণ্ট; ASA-North-2023 ৰ প্ৰৰ্দশনী। == তথ্যৰ উৎস== {{reflist}} == বাহ্যিক সংযোগ == * [https://pejman.foundation/argofactory/ Official Website] [[শ্ৰেণী:সংগ্ৰহালয়]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ইৰান]] ir5mcdnvqtt8jw41928n6k4odzlwm9o 605936 605935 2026-05-12T07:02:09Z নৰুনা বৰুৱা 44897 /* প্ৰদৰ্শনী */ 605936 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Argo Factory1.jpg|300px|thumb|আৰ্গো ফেক্টৰী]] [[File:Argo Factory2.jpg|300px|thumb|আৰ্গো ফেক্টৰী]] '''আৰ্গো ফেক্টৰী ({{Lang-en|Argo Factory}})'''[[ইৰাণ]]ৰ [[তেহৰাণ]]ত অৱস্থিত এটা সমসাময়িক কলা সংগ্ৰহালয় আৰু সাংস্কৃতিক কেন্দ্ৰ, যিটো পূৰ্বৰ ৱাইন কাৰখানাত অৱস্থিত। আৰ্গো ফেক্টৰী পেজমেন ফাউণ্ডেশ্যন ছাইটৰ এটা অংশ। <ref>{{Cite web |title=Pejman Foundation: Argo Factory — About |url=https://pejman.foundation/argofactory/about/ |access-date=2022-02-28 |website=pejman.foundation}}</ref> ==ইতিহাস== ১৯২০ চনৰ আৰম্ভণিতে নিৰ্মিত আৰ্গো কাৰখানা ইৰাণৰ প্ৰথম ঔদ্যোগিক কাৰখানাসমূহৰ ভিতৰত অন্যতম কাৰাখানা আছিল। ১৯৬০ চনত এইটো এটা ডাঙৰ পানীয় কাৰখানাত পৰিণত হয়, ১৯৭০ চনত পৰিৱেশজনিত সমস্যাৰ কাৰনে ইয়াক স্থায়ীভাৱে বন্ধ কৰিবলৈ বাধ্য নকৰে।<ref name=":1" /><ref name="archdaily.com">{{cite web | url=https://www.archdaily.com/979255/argo-contemporary-art-museum-and-cultural-centre-ahmadreza-schricker-architecture-north-asa-north | title=Argo Contemporary Art Museum & Cultural Centre / Ahmadreza Schricker Architecture North - ASA North | date=29 March 2022 }}</ref><ref name="wallpaper.com">{{cite web | url=https://www.wallpaper.com/architecture/argo-factory-contemporary-art-museum-cultural-centre-ahmadreza-schricker-architecture-north-tehran-iran | title=Tehran's Argo Factory complex reinvents brewery architecture for the arts | date=4 March 2022 }}</ref> ২০১৬ চনত পেজমেন ফাউণ্ডেচনে কাৰখানাটো ক্ৰয় কৰি সংস্কাৰ কৰে। "এসময়ত তাত বনোৱা বিয়েৰৰ নাম"ৰ পৰাই এই কাৰখানাটোৰ নাম আৰ্গো হৈছে। <ref>{{cite web | url=https://archive.pinupmagazine.org/articles/argo-museum-hope-factory-pejman-tehran-ahmadreza-schricker | title=ARGO FACTORY: Tehran's First Contemporary Art Museum Since the Revolution }}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Esmaili |first=Yasaman |title=Argo Factory: Contemporary Art Museum & Cultural Centre by Ahmadreza Schricker Architecture - North |url=https://www.architecturalrecord.com/articles/15406-argo-factory-contemporary-art-museum-cultural-centre-by-ahmadreza-schricker-architecture---north |access-date=2022-03-24 |website=www.architecturalrecord.com |language=en}}</ref> ==স্থাপত্য== ইয়াৰ অনন্য স্থাপত্য বৈশিষ্ট্য যেনে ওখ চিমনি আৰু চহৰৰ মাজমজিয়াত কৌশলগত ভৌগোলিক অৱস্থানত অৱস্থিত থকা স্বতেও বছৰ বছৰ ধৰি এই কাৰখানাটো অৱহেলিত হৈ পৰিছিল আৰু শেষত প্ৰায় চাৰি দশক ধৰি এটা জৰাজীৰ্ণ অট্টালিকাত পৰিণত হৈছিল। ==পুনৰুদ্ধাৰ== === গাঁথনিগত ভেটি === গাঁথনি অভিযন্তা বেহৰাং বানি আদমে ডিজাইন কৰা নতুন ভেটিৰ গঠনে স্থাপত্যৰ প্ৰকাশভংগীক তেহৰাণৰ ঘৰৰ পুৰণি ধাতুৰ (হালাবী) চাল আৰু সংগ্ৰহালয়ৰ নতুন ভাসমান (কংক্ৰিটৰ) চালৰ মাজত এক সংযত ধাৰা বজাই ৰখাত সহায় কৰিছে; এই নতুন চালবোৰেই হৈছে মূল কাৰখানাৰ বাহিৰৰ অংশত একমাত্ৰ নতুন সংযোজন। এই নতুন ডিজাইনটোৱে পৰম্পৰাগত স্থানীয় ধাতুৰ চালৰ আৰ্হিৰ পৰা প্ৰেৰণা লাভ কৰিছে আৰু ইয়াক পাঁচটা গতিশীল, ভাসমান চাল হিচাপে পুনৰ সংযোজন কৰা হৈছে: প্ৰত্যেকেই ইয়াৰ তলত অনুষ্ঠিত হোৱা সাংস্কৃতিক অনুষ্ঠানসমূহৰ বাবে এক অনন্য পোহৰৰ পৰিৱেশ সৃষ্টি কৰে।<ref>https://www.archdaily.com/979255/argo-contemporary-art-museum-and-cultural-centre-ahmadreza-schricker-architecture-north-asa-north</ref> আৰ্গো কাৰখানাটোৰ পুনৰুদ্ধাৰৰ কাম আৰম্ভ হৈছিল ইয়াৰ জৰাজীৰ্ণ গঠনৰ মেৰামতিৰ পৰা। ভৱনটোক সুস্থিৰ কৰিবলৈ দলটোৱে নতুন গাঁথনিগত ভেটি স্থাপন কৰিছিল, যিবোৰ ইয়াৰ দীৰ্ঘম্যাদী সংৰক্ষণৰ বাবে অতি গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ আছিল। স্থপতিবিদসকলে মূল বোজা বহনকাৰী ইটাৰ দেৱালবোৰ ধৰি ৰাখিছিল, যিয়ে কাৰখানাটোৰ ঔদ্যোগিক চৰিত্ৰক প্ৰতিফলিত কৰিছিল। <ref>https://www.architecturalrecord.com/articles/15406-argo-factory-contemporary-art-museum-cultural-centre-by-ahmadreza-schricker-architecture---north</ref> === উচ্চ কংক্ৰিটৰ চাল === আৰ্গো কাৰখানাত ৫০ চে.মি. উচ্চতাৰ পাঁচখন কংক্ৰিটৰ চাল মূল ইটাৰ বেৰৰ ওপৰেৰে ওপৰলৈ উঠিছে, য’ত জলবায়ু নিয়ন্ত্ৰণ আৰু যান্ত্ৰিক ব্যৱস্থা আছে। এই ডিজাইনে আধুনিক আন্তঃগাঁথনিক নিৰৱচ্ছিন্নভাৱে একত্ৰিত কৰাত সহায় কৰাই নহয়, ৮.৫ মিটাৰ উচ্চতাৰ গেলেৰীসমূহত প্ৰাকৃতিক পোহৰ প্ৰৱেশ কৰিবলৈও অনুমতি দিয়ে। তেহৰাণৰ পৰম্পৰাগত হালাবি (ধাতুৰ) চালৰ পৰা অনুপ্ৰাণিত হৈ নতুন সংযোজনে ঐতিহাসিক গঠনৰ সৈতে এক কৃপাময় বৈপৰীত্য সৃষ্টি কৰাৰ বিপৰীতে কংক্ৰিটৰ ব্যৱহাৰে নিৰ্মাণৰ নিষেধাজ্ঞাৰ বাবে স্থানটোৰ ঔদ্যোগিক পৰিচয়ক শক্তিশালী কৰে। <ref>https://www.archdaily.com/979255/argo-contemporary-art-museum-and-cultural-centre-ahmadreza-schricker-architecture-north-asa-north</ref> ===আৰ্গো কাৰখানাৰ স্থানীয় সম্প্ৰসাৰণ === এই প্ৰকল্পটোৱে ভৱনটোৰ মূল আকাৰ প্ৰায় ৮৫% যথেষ্ট বৃদ্ধি কৰি ইয়াৰ আয়তন ৪৮০ বৰ্গমিটাৰৰ পৰা ১,৮৯০ বৰ্গমিটাৰলৈ বৃদ্ধি কৰা হয়। ১৯৭৯ চনৰ ইৰাণী বিপ্লৱৰ পিছত তেহৰাণত স্থাপিত হোৱা প্ৰথমটো ব্যক্তিগত সমসাময়িক কলা সংগ্ৰহালয় হৈছে আৰ্গো ফেক্টৰী। ইয়াত শিল্পীসকলক বিভিন্ন ধৰণৰ চিলিঙৰ উচ্চতা (১৫ মিটাৰ পৰ্যন্ত উচ্চতা) আৰু বিভিন্ন ধৰণৰ স্থান প্ৰদান কৰা হয়, যিয়ে প্ৰদৰ্শনী আৰু ইনষ্টলেচনৰ বাবে অধিক নমনীয়তা প্ৰদান কৰে। এতিয়া চহৰখনৰ এক বিখ্যাত সাংস্কৃতিক কেন্দ্ৰ, এই কাৰখানাটোৱে স্থানীয় আৰু আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় উভয় দৰ্শনাৰ্থীক আকৰ্ষণ কৰে। ইয়াৰ সফল ৰূপান্তৰে চাৰিওফালৰ অট্টালিকাসমূহৰ সংস্কাৰৰ বাবেও অনুপ্ৰাণিত কৰিছে আৰু তেহৰাণৰ ডাউনটাউনৰ সাংস্কৃতিক পুনৰুজ্জীৱিতকৰণত উল্লেখযোগ্য ভূমিকা পালন কৰিছে।<ref>https://www.archdaily.com/979255/argo-contemporary-art-museum-and-cultural-centre-ahmadreza-schricker-architecture-north-asa-north</ref> দুটা পৰ্যায়ত কাৰখানাটো সংস্কাৰ কৰা হৈছিল আৰু শেষৰখিনি ২০১৮/১৯ চনত সম্পূৰ্ণ হৈছিল। <ref>{{Cite web |title=Pejman Foundation – The Room Becomes A Street {{!}} Independent Collectors |url=https://independent-collectors.com/collections/the-room-becomes-a-street/ |access-date=2022-02-28 |language=en-US}}</ref> নিউয়ৰ্কস্থিত স্থাপত্য প্ৰতিষ্ঠান এ এছ এ নৰ্থৰ সহযোগত প্ৰায় চাৰি দশক পৰিত্যক্ত হোৱাৰ পিছত আৰ্গো ফেক্টৰী সম্পূৰ্ণৰূপে ৰূপান্তৰিত হয়; এই কামৰ বাবে ই ২০২২ চনত স্থাপত্যৰ বাবে আগা খান বঁটাকে ধৰি বহুতো বঁটা লাভ কৰে। <ref name=":2">{{cite web | url=https://www.architecturalrecord.com/articles/15406-argo-factory-contemporary-art-museum-cultural-centre-by-ahmadreza-schricker-architecture---north | title=Argo Factory: Contemporary Art Museum & Cultural Centre by Ahmadreza Schricker Architecture - North &#124; 2021-11-22 &#124; Architectural Record }}</ref><ref name="wallpaper.com" /><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.gagallery.com/press/canvas18 | title=Canvas - Factory Rules, Hannah Jacobi - Press - Green . Art . Gallery }}</ref><ref name="archdaily.com"></ref> == পুৰষ্কাৰ == বিশেষ ডিজাইনৰ বাবে আৰ্গো কাৰখানাই যথেষ্ট মনোযোগ লাভ কৰিছিল আৰু বিশ্ব পৰ্যায়ত ডাঙৰ ডাঙৰ স্থাপত্য বঁটা লাভ কৰিবলৈ সক্ষম হৈছিল। ২০২২ চনত এই ভৱনটো ইৰাণৰ আন দুটা প্ৰকল্পৰ সৈতে ১৬খন দেশৰ পৰা দাখিল কৰা ৪৬৩টা কামৰ ভিতৰত স্থাপত্যৰ বাবে আগা খান বঁটাৰ বাবে চূড়ান্ত প্ৰাৰ্থীৰ তালিকাত অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত কৰা হয় আৰু এই তালিকাৰ পৰা ছটা প্ৰকল্পক চূড়ান্ত বিজয়ী হিচাপে নিৰ্বাচিত কৰা হয়। <ref name=":2" /><ref>{{cite web |title=Aga Khan Award for Architecture announces 2022 shortlist &#124; Aga Khan Development Network |url=https://www.akdn.org/press-release/aga-khan-award-architecture-announces-2022-shortlist}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Argo Contemporary Art Museum & Cultural Centre &#124; Aga Khan Development Network |url=https://www.akdn.org/architecture/project/argo-contemporary-art-museum-cultural-centre}}</ref> ইয়াৰে অন্যতম বিজয়ী আছিল আহমদ্ৰেজা শ্ৰীকাৰ (এ এছ এ নৰ্থ)ৰ দ্বাৰা পুনৰ নিৰ্মাণ কৰা আৰ্গো ফেক্টৰী। প্ৰতি তিনি বছৰৰ মূৰে মূৰে স্থাপত্যৰ বাবে আগা খান বঁটা প্ৰদান কৰা হয়। ডেজিন ৱেবছাইটৰ দ্বাৰা আয়োজিত ২০২২ চনৰ ডেজিন আৰ্কিটেকচাৰ প্ৰাইজতো আৰ্গো ফেক্টৰীয়ে লাভ কৰে। এই বঁটাত তিনিটা শাখা আছে: স্থাপত্য, অভ্যন্তৰীণ, আৰু ডিজাইন; প্ৰতিটো শ্ৰেণীত ১৪টা উপ-শ্ৰেণী আছে। শেষত প্ৰতিটো শাখাৰ পৰা এজনকৈ চূড়ান্ত বিজয়ী নিৰ্বাচিত কৰা হ’ব আৰু ডেজিন স্থাপত্য বঁটাৰ তিনিটা বিশেষ কামৰ ভিতৰত এটা হিচাপে সন্মানিত কৰা হ’ব। এই বঁটাসমূহৰ পঞ্চম সংস্কৰণত সাংস্কৃতিক অট্টালিকা বিভাগত এই আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় প্ৰতিযোগিতাৰ চূড়ান্ত পৰ্যায় বা চৰ্টলিষ্টত নিৰ্বাচিত কৰা প্ৰকল্পসমূহৰ ভিতৰত অন্যতম আছিল আৰ্গো ফেক্টৰী; এই শিতানৰ চূড়ান্ত বিজয়ী হয় আৰু ২০২২ চনৰ ডেজিন বঁটাত 'বছৰৰ স্থাপত্য প্ৰকল্প' হিচাপেও ঘোষণা কৰা হয়।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Argo Contemporary Art Museum & Cultural Centre {{!}} Winners {{!}} Dezeen Awards 2022 |url=https://www.dezeen.com/awards/2022/winners/argo-contemporary-art-museum-cultural-centre/ |access-date=2022-11-19 |website=Dezeen |language=en}}</ref> ==কাৰ্যসূচী == আৰ্গো ফেক্টৰীটো পেজমেন ফাউণ্ডেশ্যনৰ মালিকানাধীন এক বৈচিত্ৰময় গোটৰ ছাইটৰ অংশ। পেজমেন ফাউণ্ডেচনে প্ৰদৰ্শনী, আলোচনা, আৰু অনুষ্ঠানৰ জৰিয়তে কলা আৰু সংস্কৃতিক প্ৰসাৰিত কৰে। ===প্ৰদৰ্শনী === *নীল বেলৌফা - ২০১৭ <ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Erdbrink |first=Thomas |date=2017-10-20 |title=Selling the Porsche to Promote Iranian Art |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/20/world/middleeast/iran-art.html |access-date=2022-02-28 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> * ন'জ টু ন'জ -স্লাভ আৰু টাটাৰ -২০১৭ * এলহোৱেৰ ইন্টাৰেক্টিভ ভি আৰ ইনষ্টলেচন - ২০১৮ * নাজগোল আনছাৰিনিয়া: দ্য ৰুম বিকামচ্‌ এ ষ্ট্ৰীট-২০২০ * “ফৰ দ্য চেক অৱ চালমনেচ" নিউছা টাভাকোলিয়ান ৰ এটা প্ৰকল্প - ২০২০ * “ইন দ্য মিডষ্ট” ভল্যুম ১ - ২০২১ চন * Video at Large Selection of videos from the collection of Paris [[Musée d'Art Moderne de Paris|Museum of Modern Art]] - 2021 * মোহচেন ভাজিৰি মোগদ্দাম: আনৰিয়েলাইজড প্ৰজেক্ট - ২০২১<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-11-26 |title=Preview of a first-of-its-kind exhibition on Mohsen Vaziri Moghaddam at the Italian Embassy in Tehran |url=https://en.irna.ir/news/84555807/Preview-of-a-first-of-its-kind-exhibition-on-Mohsen-Vaziri-Moghaddam |access-date=2022-02-28 |website=IRNA English |language=en}}</ref> * ভেনিছিং পইণ্ট; পেজমেন সংগ্ৰহৰ এটা নিৰ্বাচন - ২০২২ * 'ট্ৰুথ লাইজ নট ইন ৱান ড্ৰিম, বাট ইন মেনি' 'দ্য ৱান থাউজেণ্ড এণ্ড ৱান নাইটছ' অফ পাছলিনিৰ ৰবাৰ্ট' ভিলাৰ ফটোত বৰ্ণিত - ২০২২ <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0071502/ | title=Il fiore delle mille e una notte | website=[[IMDb]] }}</ref> * ৰিমেম্বেৰেন্স অৱ থিংচ প্ৰেজেণ্ট; ASA-North-2023 ৰ প্ৰৰ্দশনী। == তথ্যৰ উৎস== {{reflist}} == বাহ্যিক সংযোগ == * [https://pejman.foundation/argofactory/ Official Website] [[শ্ৰেণী:সংগ্ৰহালয়]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ইৰান]] mrgyr0r514hth16yj6coivsq0lfuogh 605937 605936 2026-05-12T07:03:33Z নৰুনা বৰুৱা 44897 /* প্ৰদৰ্শনী */ 605937 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Argo Factory1.jpg|300px|thumb|আৰ্গো ফেক্টৰী]] [[File:Argo Factory2.jpg|300px|thumb|আৰ্গো ফেক্টৰী]] '''আৰ্গো ফেক্টৰী ({{Lang-en|Argo Factory}})'''[[ইৰাণ]]ৰ [[তেহৰাণ]]ত অৱস্থিত এটা সমসাময়িক কলা সংগ্ৰহালয় আৰু সাংস্কৃতিক কেন্দ্ৰ, যিটো পূৰ্বৰ ৱাইন কাৰখানাত অৱস্থিত। আৰ্গো ফেক্টৰী পেজমেন ফাউণ্ডেশ্যন ছাইটৰ এটা অংশ। <ref>{{Cite web |title=Pejman Foundation: Argo Factory — About |url=https://pejman.foundation/argofactory/about/ |access-date=2022-02-28 |website=pejman.foundation}}</ref> ==ইতিহাস== ১৯২০ চনৰ আৰম্ভণিতে নিৰ্মিত আৰ্গো কাৰখানা ইৰাণৰ প্ৰথম ঔদ্যোগিক কাৰখানাসমূহৰ ভিতৰত অন্যতম কাৰাখানা আছিল। ১৯৬০ চনত এইটো এটা ডাঙৰ পানীয় কাৰখানাত পৰিণত হয়, ১৯৭০ চনত পৰিৱেশজনিত সমস্যাৰ কাৰনে ইয়াক স্থায়ীভাৱে বন্ধ কৰিবলৈ বাধ্য নকৰে।<ref name=":1" /><ref name="archdaily.com">{{cite web | url=https://www.archdaily.com/979255/argo-contemporary-art-museum-and-cultural-centre-ahmadreza-schricker-architecture-north-asa-north | title=Argo Contemporary Art Museum & Cultural Centre / Ahmadreza Schricker Architecture North - ASA North | date=29 March 2022 }}</ref><ref name="wallpaper.com">{{cite web | url=https://www.wallpaper.com/architecture/argo-factory-contemporary-art-museum-cultural-centre-ahmadreza-schricker-architecture-north-tehran-iran | title=Tehran's Argo Factory complex reinvents brewery architecture for the arts | date=4 March 2022 }}</ref> ২০১৬ চনত পেজমেন ফাউণ্ডেচনে কাৰখানাটো ক্ৰয় কৰি সংস্কাৰ কৰে। "এসময়ত তাত বনোৱা বিয়েৰৰ নাম"ৰ পৰাই এই কাৰখানাটোৰ নাম আৰ্গো হৈছে। <ref>{{cite web | url=https://archive.pinupmagazine.org/articles/argo-museum-hope-factory-pejman-tehran-ahmadreza-schricker | title=ARGO FACTORY: Tehran's First Contemporary Art Museum Since the Revolution }}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Esmaili |first=Yasaman |title=Argo Factory: Contemporary Art Museum & Cultural Centre by Ahmadreza Schricker Architecture - North |url=https://www.architecturalrecord.com/articles/15406-argo-factory-contemporary-art-museum-cultural-centre-by-ahmadreza-schricker-architecture---north |access-date=2022-03-24 |website=www.architecturalrecord.com |language=en}}</ref> ==স্থাপত্য== ইয়াৰ অনন্য স্থাপত্য বৈশিষ্ট্য যেনে ওখ চিমনি আৰু চহৰৰ মাজমজিয়াত কৌশলগত ভৌগোলিক অৱস্থানত অৱস্থিত থকা স্বতেও বছৰ বছৰ ধৰি এই কাৰখানাটো অৱহেলিত হৈ পৰিছিল আৰু শেষত প্ৰায় চাৰি দশক ধৰি এটা জৰাজীৰ্ণ অট্টালিকাত পৰিণত হৈছিল। ==পুনৰুদ্ধাৰ== === গাঁথনিগত ভেটি === গাঁথনি অভিযন্তা বেহৰাং বানি আদমে ডিজাইন কৰা নতুন ভেটিৰ গঠনে স্থাপত্যৰ প্ৰকাশভংগীক তেহৰাণৰ ঘৰৰ পুৰণি ধাতুৰ (হালাবী) চাল আৰু সংগ্ৰহালয়ৰ নতুন ভাসমান (কংক্ৰিটৰ) চালৰ মাজত এক সংযত ধাৰা বজাই ৰখাত সহায় কৰিছে; এই নতুন চালবোৰেই হৈছে মূল কাৰখানাৰ বাহিৰৰ অংশত একমাত্ৰ নতুন সংযোজন। এই নতুন ডিজাইনটোৱে পৰম্পৰাগত স্থানীয় ধাতুৰ চালৰ আৰ্হিৰ পৰা প্ৰেৰণা লাভ কৰিছে আৰু ইয়াক পাঁচটা গতিশীল, ভাসমান চাল হিচাপে পুনৰ সংযোজন কৰা হৈছে: প্ৰত্যেকেই ইয়াৰ তলত অনুষ্ঠিত হোৱা সাংস্কৃতিক অনুষ্ঠানসমূহৰ বাবে এক অনন্য পোহৰৰ পৰিৱেশ সৃষ্টি কৰে।<ref>https://www.archdaily.com/979255/argo-contemporary-art-museum-and-cultural-centre-ahmadreza-schricker-architecture-north-asa-north</ref> আৰ্গো কাৰখানাটোৰ পুনৰুদ্ধাৰৰ কাম আৰম্ভ হৈছিল ইয়াৰ জৰাজীৰ্ণ গঠনৰ মেৰামতিৰ পৰা। ভৱনটোক সুস্থিৰ কৰিবলৈ দলটোৱে নতুন গাঁথনিগত ভেটি স্থাপন কৰিছিল, যিবোৰ ইয়াৰ দীৰ্ঘম্যাদী সংৰক্ষণৰ বাবে অতি গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ আছিল। স্থপতিবিদসকলে মূল বোজা বহনকাৰী ইটাৰ দেৱালবোৰ ধৰি ৰাখিছিল, যিয়ে কাৰখানাটোৰ ঔদ্যোগিক চৰিত্ৰক প্ৰতিফলিত কৰিছিল। <ref>https://www.architecturalrecord.com/articles/15406-argo-factory-contemporary-art-museum-cultural-centre-by-ahmadreza-schricker-architecture---north</ref> === উচ্চ কংক্ৰিটৰ চাল === আৰ্গো কাৰখানাত ৫০ চে.মি. উচ্চতাৰ পাঁচখন কংক্ৰিটৰ চাল মূল ইটাৰ বেৰৰ ওপৰেৰে ওপৰলৈ উঠিছে, য’ত জলবায়ু নিয়ন্ত্ৰণ আৰু যান্ত্ৰিক ব্যৱস্থা আছে। এই ডিজাইনে আধুনিক আন্তঃগাঁথনিক নিৰৱচ্ছিন্নভাৱে একত্ৰিত কৰাত সহায় কৰাই নহয়, ৮.৫ মিটাৰ উচ্চতাৰ গেলেৰীসমূহত প্ৰাকৃতিক পোহৰ প্ৰৱেশ কৰিবলৈও অনুমতি দিয়ে। তেহৰাণৰ পৰম্পৰাগত হালাবি (ধাতুৰ) চালৰ পৰা অনুপ্ৰাণিত হৈ নতুন সংযোজনে ঐতিহাসিক গঠনৰ সৈতে এক কৃপাময় বৈপৰীত্য সৃষ্টি কৰাৰ বিপৰীতে কংক্ৰিটৰ ব্যৱহাৰে নিৰ্মাণৰ নিষেধাজ্ঞাৰ বাবে স্থানটোৰ ঔদ্যোগিক পৰিচয়ক শক্তিশালী কৰে। <ref>https://www.archdaily.com/979255/argo-contemporary-art-museum-and-cultural-centre-ahmadreza-schricker-architecture-north-asa-north</ref> ===আৰ্গো কাৰখানাৰ স্থানীয় সম্প্ৰসাৰণ === এই প্ৰকল্পটোৱে ভৱনটোৰ মূল আকাৰ প্ৰায় ৮৫% যথেষ্ট বৃদ্ধি কৰি ইয়াৰ আয়তন ৪৮০ বৰ্গমিটাৰৰ পৰা ১,৮৯০ বৰ্গমিটাৰলৈ বৃদ্ধি কৰা হয়। ১৯৭৯ চনৰ ইৰাণী বিপ্লৱৰ পিছত তেহৰাণত স্থাপিত হোৱা প্ৰথমটো ব্যক্তিগত সমসাময়িক কলা সংগ্ৰহালয় হৈছে আৰ্গো ফেক্টৰী। ইয়াত শিল্পীসকলক বিভিন্ন ধৰণৰ চিলিঙৰ উচ্চতা (১৫ মিটাৰ পৰ্যন্ত উচ্চতা) আৰু বিভিন্ন ধৰণৰ স্থান প্ৰদান কৰা হয়, যিয়ে প্ৰদৰ্শনী আৰু ইনষ্টলেচনৰ বাবে অধিক নমনীয়তা প্ৰদান কৰে। এতিয়া চহৰখনৰ এক বিখ্যাত সাংস্কৃতিক কেন্দ্ৰ, এই কাৰখানাটোৱে স্থানীয় আৰু আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় উভয় দৰ্শনাৰ্থীক আকৰ্ষণ কৰে। ইয়াৰ সফল ৰূপান্তৰে চাৰিওফালৰ অট্টালিকাসমূহৰ সংস্কাৰৰ বাবেও অনুপ্ৰাণিত কৰিছে আৰু তেহৰাণৰ ডাউনটাউনৰ সাংস্কৃতিক পুনৰুজ্জীৱিতকৰণত উল্লেখযোগ্য ভূমিকা পালন কৰিছে।<ref>https://www.archdaily.com/979255/argo-contemporary-art-museum-and-cultural-centre-ahmadreza-schricker-architecture-north-asa-north</ref> দুটা পৰ্যায়ত কাৰখানাটো সংস্কাৰ কৰা হৈছিল আৰু শেষৰখিনি ২০১৮/১৯ চনত সম্পূৰ্ণ হৈছিল। <ref>{{Cite web |title=Pejman Foundation – The Room Becomes A Street {{!}} Independent Collectors |url=https://independent-collectors.com/collections/the-room-becomes-a-street/ |access-date=2022-02-28 |language=en-US}}</ref> নিউয়ৰ্কস্থিত স্থাপত্য প্ৰতিষ্ঠান এ এছ এ নৰ্থৰ সহযোগত প্ৰায় চাৰি দশক পৰিত্যক্ত হোৱাৰ পিছত আৰ্গো ফেক্টৰী সম্পূৰ্ণৰূপে ৰূপান্তৰিত হয়; এই কামৰ বাবে ই ২০২২ চনত স্থাপত্যৰ বাবে আগা খান বঁটাকে ধৰি বহুতো বঁটা লাভ কৰে। <ref name=":2">{{cite web | url=https://www.architecturalrecord.com/articles/15406-argo-factory-contemporary-art-museum-cultural-centre-by-ahmadreza-schricker-architecture---north | title=Argo Factory: Contemporary Art Museum & Cultural Centre by Ahmadreza Schricker Architecture - North &#124; 2021-11-22 &#124; Architectural Record }}</ref><ref name="wallpaper.com" /><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.gagallery.com/press/canvas18 | title=Canvas - Factory Rules, Hannah Jacobi - Press - Green . Art . Gallery }}</ref><ref name="archdaily.com"></ref> == পুৰষ্কাৰ == বিশেষ ডিজাইনৰ বাবে আৰ্গো কাৰখানাই যথেষ্ট মনোযোগ লাভ কৰিছিল আৰু বিশ্ব পৰ্যায়ত ডাঙৰ ডাঙৰ স্থাপত্য বঁটা লাভ কৰিবলৈ সক্ষম হৈছিল। ২০২২ চনত এই ভৱনটো ইৰাণৰ আন দুটা প্ৰকল্পৰ সৈতে ১৬খন দেশৰ পৰা দাখিল কৰা ৪৬৩টা কামৰ ভিতৰত স্থাপত্যৰ বাবে আগা খান বঁটাৰ বাবে চূড়ান্ত প্ৰাৰ্থীৰ তালিকাত অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত কৰা হয় আৰু এই তালিকাৰ পৰা ছটা প্ৰকল্পক চূড়ান্ত বিজয়ী হিচাপে নিৰ্বাচিত কৰা হয়। <ref name=":2" /><ref>{{cite web |title=Aga Khan Award for Architecture announces 2022 shortlist &#124; Aga Khan Development Network |url=https://www.akdn.org/press-release/aga-khan-award-architecture-announces-2022-shortlist}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Argo Contemporary Art Museum & Cultural Centre &#124; Aga Khan Development Network |url=https://www.akdn.org/architecture/project/argo-contemporary-art-museum-cultural-centre}}</ref> ইয়াৰে অন্যতম বিজয়ী আছিল আহমদ্ৰেজা শ্ৰীকাৰ (এ এছ এ নৰ্থ)ৰ দ্বাৰা পুনৰ নিৰ্মাণ কৰা আৰ্গো ফেক্টৰী। প্ৰতি তিনি বছৰৰ মূৰে মূৰে স্থাপত্যৰ বাবে আগা খান বঁটা প্ৰদান কৰা হয়। ডেজিন ৱেবছাইটৰ দ্বাৰা আয়োজিত ২০২২ চনৰ ডেজিন আৰ্কিটেকচাৰ প্ৰাইজতো আৰ্গো ফেক্টৰীয়ে লাভ কৰে। এই বঁটাত তিনিটা শাখা আছে: স্থাপত্য, অভ্যন্তৰীণ, আৰু ডিজাইন; প্ৰতিটো শ্ৰেণীত ১৪টা উপ-শ্ৰেণী আছে। শেষত প্ৰতিটো শাখাৰ পৰা এজনকৈ চূড়ান্ত বিজয়ী নিৰ্বাচিত কৰা হ’ব আৰু ডেজিন স্থাপত্য বঁটাৰ তিনিটা বিশেষ কামৰ ভিতৰত এটা হিচাপে সন্মানিত কৰা হ’ব। এই বঁটাসমূহৰ পঞ্চম সংস্কৰণত সাংস্কৃতিক অট্টালিকা বিভাগত এই আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় প্ৰতিযোগিতাৰ চূড়ান্ত পৰ্যায় বা চৰ্টলিষ্টত নিৰ্বাচিত কৰা প্ৰকল্পসমূহৰ ভিতৰত অন্যতম আছিল আৰ্গো ফেক্টৰী; এই শিতানৰ চূড়ান্ত বিজয়ী হয় আৰু ২০২২ চনৰ ডেজিন বঁটাত 'বছৰৰ স্থাপত্য প্ৰকল্প' হিচাপেও ঘোষণা কৰা হয়।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Argo Contemporary Art Museum & Cultural Centre {{!}} Winners {{!}} Dezeen Awards 2022 |url=https://www.dezeen.com/awards/2022/winners/argo-contemporary-art-museum-cultural-centre/ |access-date=2022-11-19 |website=Dezeen |language=en}}</ref> ==কাৰ্যসূচী == আৰ্গো ফেক্টৰীটো পেজমেন ফাউণ্ডেশ্যনৰ মালিকানাধীন এক বৈচিত্ৰময় গোটৰ ছাইটৰ অংশ। পেজমেন ফাউণ্ডেচনে প্ৰদৰ্শনী, আলোচনা, আৰু অনুষ্ঠানৰ জৰিয়তে কলা আৰু সংস্কৃতিক প্ৰসাৰিত কৰে। ===প্ৰদৰ্শনী === *নীল বেলৌফা - ২০১৭ <ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Erdbrink |first=Thomas |date=2017-10-20 |title=Selling the Porsche to Promote Iranian Art |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/20/world/middleeast/iran-art.html |access-date=2022-02-28 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> * ন'জ টু ন'জ -স্লাভ আৰু টাটাৰ -২০১৭ * এলহোৱেৰ ইন্টাৰেক্টিভ ভি আৰ ইনষ্টলেচন - ২০১৮ * নাজগোল আনছাৰিনিয়া: দ্য ৰুম বিকামচ্‌ এ ষ্ট্ৰীট-২০২০ * “ফৰ দ্য চেক অৱ চালমনেচ" নিউছা টাভাকোলিয়ান ৰ এটা প্ৰকল্প - ২০২০ * “ইন দ্য মিডষ্ট” ভল্যুম ১ - ২০২১ চন * ভিডিঅ': পেৰিছ মিউজিয়াম অৱ মডাৰ্ণ আৰ্টৰ সংগ্ৰহৰ পৰা ভিডিঅ'ৰ এক বিশাল নিৰ্বাচন - ২০২১ * মোহচেন ভাজিৰি মোগদ্দাম: আনৰিয়েলাইজড প্ৰজেক্ট - ২০২১<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-11-26 |title=Preview of a first-of-its-kind exhibition on Mohsen Vaziri Moghaddam at the Italian Embassy in Tehran |url=https://en.irna.ir/news/84555807/Preview-of-a-first-of-its-kind-exhibition-on-Mohsen-Vaziri-Moghaddam |access-date=2022-02-28 |website=IRNA English |language=en}}</ref> * ভেনিছিং পইণ্ট; পেজমেন সংগ্ৰহৰ এটা নিৰ্বাচন - ২০২২ * 'ট্ৰুথ লাইজ নট ইন ৱান ড্ৰিম, বাট ইন মেনি' 'দ্য ৱান থাউজেণ্ড এণ্ড ৱান নাইটছ' অফ পাছলিনিৰ ৰবাৰ্ট' ভিলাৰ ফটোত বৰ্ণিত - ২০২২ <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0071502/ | title=Il fiore delle mille e una notte | website=[[IMDb]] }}</ref> * ৰিমেম্বেৰেন্স অৱ থিংচ প্ৰেজেণ্ট; ASA-North-2023 ৰ প্ৰৰ্দশনী। == তথ্যৰ উৎস== {{reflist}} == বাহ্যিক সংযোগ == * [https://pejman.foundation/argofactory/ Official Website] [[শ্ৰেণী:সংগ্ৰহালয়]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ইৰান]] iolod615k43475g2hliw8yjxm0rnx5e 605938 605937 2026-05-12T07:03:58Z নৰুনা বৰুৱা 44897 /* ইতিহাস */ 605938 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Argo Factory1.jpg|300px|thumb|আৰ্গো ফেক্টৰী]] [[File:Argo Factory2.jpg|300px|thumb|আৰ্গো ফেক্টৰী]] '''আৰ্গো ফেক্টৰী ({{Lang-en|Argo Factory}})'''[[ইৰাণ]]ৰ [[তেহৰাণ]]ত অৱস্থিত এটা সমসাময়িক কলা সংগ্ৰহালয় আৰু সাংস্কৃতিক কেন্দ্ৰ, যিটো পূৰ্বৰ ৱাইন কাৰখানাত অৱস্থিত। আৰ্গো ফেক্টৰী পেজমেন ফাউণ্ডেশ্যন ছাইটৰ এটা অংশ। <ref>{{Cite web |title=Pejman Foundation: Argo Factory — About |url=https://pejman.foundation/argofactory/about/ |access-date=2022-02-28 |website=pejman.foundation}}</ref> ==ইতিহাস== ১৯২০ চনৰ আৰম্ভণিতে নিৰ্মিত আৰ্গো কাৰখানা [[ইৰাণ]]ৰ প্ৰথম ঔদ্যোগিক কাৰখানাসমূহৰ ভিতৰত অন্যতম কাৰাখানা আছিল। ১৯৬০ চনত এইটো এটা ডাঙৰ পানীয় কাৰখানাত পৰিণত হয়, ১৯৭০ চনত পৰিৱেশজনিত সমস্যাৰ কাৰনে ইয়াক স্থায়ীভাৱে বন্ধ কৰিবলৈ বাধ্য নকৰে।<ref name=":1" /><ref name="archdaily.com">{{cite web | url=https://www.archdaily.com/979255/argo-contemporary-art-museum-and-cultural-centre-ahmadreza-schricker-architecture-north-asa-north | title=Argo Contemporary Art Museum & Cultural Centre / Ahmadreza Schricker Architecture North - ASA North | date=29 March 2022 }}</ref><ref name="wallpaper.com">{{cite web | url=https://www.wallpaper.com/architecture/argo-factory-contemporary-art-museum-cultural-centre-ahmadreza-schricker-architecture-north-tehran-iran | title=Tehran's Argo Factory complex reinvents brewery architecture for the arts | date=4 March 2022 }}</ref> ২০১৬ চনত পেজমেন ফাউণ্ডেচনে কাৰখানাটো ক্ৰয় কৰি সংস্কাৰ কৰে। "এসময়ত তাত বনোৱা বিয়েৰৰ নাম"ৰ পৰাই এই কাৰখানাটোৰ নাম আৰ্গো হৈছে। <ref>{{cite web | url=https://archive.pinupmagazine.org/articles/argo-museum-hope-factory-pejman-tehran-ahmadreza-schricker | title=ARGO FACTORY: Tehran's First Contemporary Art Museum Since the Revolution }}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Esmaili |first=Yasaman |title=Argo Factory: Contemporary Art Museum & Cultural Centre by Ahmadreza Schricker Architecture - North |url=https://www.architecturalrecord.com/articles/15406-argo-factory-contemporary-art-museum-cultural-centre-by-ahmadreza-schricker-architecture---north |access-date=2022-03-24 |website=www.architecturalrecord.com |language=en}}</ref> ==স্থাপত্য== ইয়াৰ অনন্য স্থাপত্য বৈশিষ্ট্য যেনে ওখ চিমনি আৰু চহৰৰ মাজমজিয়াত কৌশলগত ভৌগোলিক অৱস্থানত অৱস্থিত থকা স্বতেও বছৰ বছৰ ধৰি এই কাৰখানাটো অৱহেলিত হৈ পৰিছিল আৰু শেষত প্ৰায় চাৰি দশক ধৰি এটা জৰাজীৰ্ণ অট্টালিকাত পৰিণত হৈছিল। ==পুনৰুদ্ধাৰ== === গাঁথনিগত ভেটি === গাঁথনি অভিযন্তা বেহৰাং বানি আদমে ডিজাইন কৰা নতুন ভেটিৰ গঠনে স্থাপত্যৰ প্ৰকাশভংগীক তেহৰাণৰ ঘৰৰ পুৰণি ধাতুৰ (হালাবী) চাল আৰু সংগ্ৰহালয়ৰ নতুন ভাসমান (কংক্ৰিটৰ) চালৰ মাজত এক সংযত ধাৰা বজাই ৰখাত সহায় কৰিছে; এই নতুন চালবোৰেই হৈছে মূল কাৰখানাৰ বাহিৰৰ অংশত একমাত্ৰ নতুন সংযোজন। এই নতুন ডিজাইনটোৱে পৰম্পৰাগত স্থানীয় ধাতুৰ চালৰ আৰ্হিৰ পৰা প্ৰেৰণা লাভ কৰিছে আৰু ইয়াক পাঁচটা গতিশীল, ভাসমান চাল হিচাপে পুনৰ সংযোজন কৰা হৈছে: প্ৰত্যেকেই ইয়াৰ তলত অনুষ্ঠিত হোৱা সাংস্কৃতিক অনুষ্ঠানসমূহৰ বাবে এক অনন্য পোহৰৰ পৰিৱেশ সৃষ্টি কৰে।<ref>https://www.archdaily.com/979255/argo-contemporary-art-museum-and-cultural-centre-ahmadreza-schricker-architecture-north-asa-north</ref> আৰ্গো কাৰখানাটোৰ পুনৰুদ্ধাৰৰ কাম আৰম্ভ হৈছিল ইয়াৰ জৰাজীৰ্ণ গঠনৰ মেৰামতিৰ পৰা। ভৱনটোক সুস্থিৰ কৰিবলৈ দলটোৱে নতুন গাঁথনিগত ভেটি স্থাপন কৰিছিল, যিবোৰ ইয়াৰ দীৰ্ঘম্যাদী সংৰক্ষণৰ বাবে অতি গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ আছিল। স্থপতিবিদসকলে মূল বোজা বহনকাৰী ইটাৰ দেৱালবোৰ ধৰি ৰাখিছিল, যিয়ে কাৰখানাটোৰ ঔদ্যোগিক চৰিত্ৰক প্ৰতিফলিত কৰিছিল। <ref>https://www.architecturalrecord.com/articles/15406-argo-factory-contemporary-art-museum-cultural-centre-by-ahmadreza-schricker-architecture---north</ref> === উচ্চ কংক্ৰিটৰ চাল === আৰ্গো কাৰখানাত ৫০ চে.মি. উচ্চতাৰ পাঁচখন কংক্ৰিটৰ চাল মূল ইটাৰ বেৰৰ ওপৰেৰে ওপৰলৈ উঠিছে, য’ত জলবায়ু নিয়ন্ত্ৰণ আৰু যান্ত্ৰিক ব্যৱস্থা আছে। এই ডিজাইনে আধুনিক আন্তঃগাঁথনিক নিৰৱচ্ছিন্নভাৱে একত্ৰিত কৰাত সহায় কৰাই নহয়, ৮.৫ মিটাৰ উচ্চতাৰ গেলেৰীসমূহত প্ৰাকৃতিক পোহৰ প্ৰৱেশ কৰিবলৈও অনুমতি দিয়ে। তেহৰাণৰ পৰম্পৰাগত হালাবি (ধাতুৰ) চালৰ পৰা অনুপ্ৰাণিত হৈ নতুন সংযোজনে ঐতিহাসিক গঠনৰ সৈতে এক কৃপাময় বৈপৰীত্য সৃষ্টি কৰাৰ বিপৰীতে কংক্ৰিটৰ ব্যৱহাৰে নিৰ্মাণৰ নিষেধাজ্ঞাৰ বাবে স্থানটোৰ ঔদ্যোগিক পৰিচয়ক শক্তিশালী কৰে। <ref>https://www.archdaily.com/979255/argo-contemporary-art-museum-and-cultural-centre-ahmadreza-schricker-architecture-north-asa-north</ref> ===আৰ্গো কাৰখানাৰ স্থানীয় সম্প্ৰসাৰণ === এই প্ৰকল্পটোৱে ভৱনটোৰ মূল আকাৰ প্ৰায় ৮৫% যথেষ্ট বৃদ্ধি কৰি ইয়াৰ আয়তন ৪৮০ বৰ্গমিটাৰৰ পৰা ১,৮৯০ বৰ্গমিটাৰলৈ বৃদ্ধি কৰা হয়। ১৯৭৯ চনৰ ইৰাণী বিপ্লৱৰ পিছত তেহৰাণত স্থাপিত হোৱা প্ৰথমটো ব্যক্তিগত সমসাময়িক কলা সংগ্ৰহালয় হৈছে আৰ্গো ফেক্টৰী। ইয়াত শিল্পীসকলক বিভিন্ন ধৰণৰ চিলিঙৰ উচ্চতা (১৫ মিটাৰ পৰ্যন্ত উচ্চতা) আৰু বিভিন্ন ধৰণৰ স্থান প্ৰদান কৰা হয়, যিয়ে প্ৰদৰ্শনী আৰু ইনষ্টলেচনৰ বাবে অধিক নমনীয়তা প্ৰদান কৰে। এতিয়া চহৰখনৰ এক বিখ্যাত সাংস্কৃতিক কেন্দ্ৰ, এই কাৰখানাটোৱে স্থানীয় আৰু আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় উভয় দৰ্শনাৰ্থীক আকৰ্ষণ কৰে। ইয়াৰ সফল ৰূপান্তৰে চাৰিওফালৰ অট্টালিকাসমূহৰ সংস্কাৰৰ বাবেও অনুপ্ৰাণিত কৰিছে আৰু তেহৰাণৰ ডাউনটাউনৰ সাংস্কৃতিক পুনৰুজ্জীৱিতকৰণত উল্লেখযোগ্য ভূমিকা পালন কৰিছে।<ref>https://www.archdaily.com/979255/argo-contemporary-art-museum-and-cultural-centre-ahmadreza-schricker-architecture-north-asa-north</ref> দুটা পৰ্যায়ত কাৰখানাটো সংস্কাৰ কৰা হৈছিল আৰু শেষৰখিনি ২০১৮/১৯ চনত সম্পূৰ্ণ হৈছিল। <ref>{{Cite web |title=Pejman Foundation – The Room Becomes A Street {{!}} Independent Collectors |url=https://independent-collectors.com/collections/the-room-becomes-a-street/ |access-date=2022-02-28 |language=en-US}}</ref> নিউয়ৰ্কস্থিত স্থাপত্য প্ৰতিষ্ঠান এ এছ এ নৰ্থৰ সহযোগত প্ৰায় চাৰি দশক পৰিত্যক্ত হোৱাৰ পিছত আৰ্গো ফেক্টৰী সম্পূৰ্ণৰূপে ৰূপান্তৰিত হয়; এই কামৰ বাবে ই ২০২২ চনত স্থাপত্যৰ বাবে আগা খান বঁটাকে ধৰি বহুতো বঁটা লাভ কৰে। <ref name=":2">{{cite web | url=https://www.architecturalrecord.com/articles/15406-argo-factory-contemporary-art-museum-cultural-centre-by-ahmadreza-schricker-architecture---north | title=Argo Factory: Contemporary Art Museum & Cultural Centre by Ahmadreza Schricker Architecture - North &#124; 2021-11-22 &#124; Architectural Record }}</ref><ref name="wallpaper.com" /><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.gagallery.com/press/canvas18 | title=Canvas - Factory Rules, Hannah Jacobi - Press - Green . Art . Gallery }}</ref><ref name="archdaily.com"></ref> == পুৰষ্কাৰ == বিশেষ ডিজাইনৰ বাবে আৰ্গো কাৰখানাই যথেষ্ট মনোযোগ লাভ কৰিছিল আৰু বিশ্ব পৰ্যায়ত ডাঙৰ ডাঙৰ স্থাপত্য বঁটা লাভ কৰিবলৈ সক্ষম হৈছিল। ২০২২ চনত এই ভৱনটো ইৰাণৰ আন দুটা প্ৰকল্পৰ সৈতে ১৬খন দেশৰ পৰা দাখিল কৰা ৪৬৩টা কামৰ ভিতৰত স্থাপত্যৰ বাবে আগা খান বঁটাৰ বাবে চূড়ান্ত প্ৰাৰ্থীৰ তালিকাত অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত কৰা হয় আৰু এই তালিকাৰ পৰা ছটা প্ৰকল্পক চূড়ান্ত বিজয়ী হিচাপে নিৰ্বাচিত কৰা হয়। <ref name=":2" /><ref>{{cite web |title=Aga Khan Award for Architecture announces 2022 shortlist &#124; Aga Khan Development Network |url=https://www.akdn.org/press-release/aga-khan-award-architecture-announces-2022-shortlist}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Argo Contemporary Art Museum & Cultural Centre &#124; Aga Khan Development Network |url=https://www.akdn.org/architecture/project/argo-contemporary-art-museum-cultural-centre}}</ref> ইয়াৰে অন্যতম বিজয়ী আছিল আহমদ্ৰেজা শ্ৰীকাৰ (এ এছ এ নৰ্থ)ৰ দ্বাৰা পুনৰ নিৰ্মাণ কৰা আৰ্গো ফেক্টৰী। প্ৰতি তিনি বছৰৰ মূৰে মূৰে স্থাপত্যৰ বাবে আগা খান বঁটা প্ৰদান কৰা হয়। ডেজিন ৱেবছাইটৰ দ্বাৰা আয়োজিত ২০২২ চনৰ ডেজিন আৰ্কিটেকচাৰ প্ৰাইজতো আৰ্গো ফেক্টৰীয়ে লাভ কৰে। এই বঁটাত তিনিটা শাখা আছে: স্থাপত্য, অভ্যন্তৰীণ, আৰু ডিজাইন; প্ৰতিটো শ্ৰেণীত ১৪টা উপ-শ্ৰেণী আছে। শেষত প্ৰতিটো শাখাৰ পৰা এজনকৈ চূড়ান্ত বিজয়ী নিৰ্বাচিত কৰা হ’ব আৰু ডেজিন স্থাপত্য বঁটাৰ তিনিটা বিশেষ কামৰ ভিতৰত এটা হিচাপে সন্মানিত কৰা হ’ব। এই বঁটাসমূহৰ পঞ্চম সংস্কৰণত সাংস্কৃতিক অট্টালিকা বিভাগত এই আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় প্ৰতিযোগিতাৰ চূড়ান্ত পৰ্যায় বা চৰ্টলিষ্টত নিৰ্বাচিত কৰা প্ৰকল্পসমূহৰ ভিতৰত অন্যতম আছিল আৰ্গো ফেক্টৰী; এই শিতানৰ চূড়ান্ত বিজয়ী হয় আৰু ২০২২ চনৰ ডেজিন বঁটাত 'বছৰৰ স্থাপত্য প্ৰকল্প' হিচাপেও ঘোষণা কৰা হয়।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Argo Contemporary Art Museum & Cultural Centre {{!}} Winners {{!}} Dezeen Awards 2022 |url=https://www.dezeen.com/awards/2022/winners/argo-contemporary-art-museum-cultural-centre/ |access-date=2022-11-19 |website=Dezeen |language=en}}</ref> ==কাৰ্যসূচী == আৰ্গো ফেক্টৰীটো পেজমেন ফাউণ্ডেশ্যনৰ মালিকানাধীন এক বৈচিত্ৰময় গোটৰ ছাইটৰ অংশ। পেজমেন ফাউণ্ডেচনে প্ৰদৰ্শনী, আলোচনা, আৰু অনুষ্ঠানৰ জৰিয়তে কলা আৰু সংস্কৃতিক প্ৰসাৰিত কৰে। ===প্ৰদৰ্শনী === *নীল বেলৌফা - ২০১৭ <ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Erdbrink |first=Thomas |date=2017-10-20 |title=Selling the Porsche to Promote Iranian Art |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/20/world/middleeast/iran-art.html |access-date=2022-02-28 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> * ন'জ টু ন'জ -স্লাভ আৰু টাটাৰ -২০১৭ * এলহোৱেৰ ইন্টাৰেক্টিভ ভি আৰ ইনষ্টলেচন - ২০১৮ * নাজগোল আনছাৰিনিয়া: দ্য ৰুম বিকামচ্‌ এ ষ্ট্ৰীট-২০২০ * “ফৰ দ্য চেক অৱ চালমনেচ" নিউছা টাভাকোলিয়ান ৰ এটা প্ৰকল্প - ২০২০ * “ইন দ্য মিডষ্ট” ভল্যুম ১ - ২০২১ চন * ভিডিঅ': পেৰিছ মিউজিয়াম অৱ মডাৰ্ণ আৰ্টৰ সংগ্ৰহৰ পৰা ভিডিঅ'ৰ এক বিশাল নিৰ্বাচন - ২০২১ * মোহচেন ভাজিৰি মোগদ্দাম: আনৰিয়েলাইজড প্ৰজেক্ট - ২০২১<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-11-26 |title=Preview of a first-of-its-kind exhibition on Mohsen Vaziri Moghaddam at the Italian Embassy in Tehran |url=https://en.irna.ir/news/84555807/Preview-of-a-first-of-its-kind-exhibition-on-Mohsen-Vaziri-Moghaddam |access-date=2022-02-28 |website=IRNA English |language=en}}</ref> * ভেনিছিং পইণ্ট; পেজমেন সংগ্ৰহৰ এটা নিৰ্বাচন - ২০২২ * 'ট্ৰুথ লাইজ নট ইন ৱান ড্ৰিম, বাট ইন মেনি' 'দ্য ৱান থাউজেণ্ড এণ্ড ৱান নাইটছ' অফ পাছলিনিৰ ৰবাৰ্ট' ভিলাৰ ফটোত বৰ্ণিত - ২০২২ <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0071502/ | title=Il fiore delle mille e una notte | website=[[IMDb]] }}</ref> * ৰিমেম্বেৰেন্স অৱ থিংচ প্ৰেজেণ্ট; ASA-North-2023 ৰ প্ৰৰ্দশনী। == তথ্যৰ উৎস== {{reflist}} == বাহ্যিক সংযোগ == * [https://pejman.foundation/argofactory/ Official Website] [[শ্ৰেণী:সংগ্ৰহালয়]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ইৰান]] fc925vqpi3taxgllzoen7sat0xao4yy 605939 605938 2026-05-12T07:04:23Z নৰুনা বৰুৱা 44897 [[ৱিকিপিডিয়া:লাচিত বৰ্ণাশুদ্ধি নিবাৰক|লাচিত বৰ্ণাশুদ্ধি নিবাৰকৰ]] সহায়ত বৰ্ণাশুদ্ধি নিবাৰণ কৰা হ’ল। 605939 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Argo Factory1.jpg|300px|thumb|আৰ্গো ফেক্টৰী]] [[File:Argo Factory2.jpg|300px|thumb|আৰ্গো ফেক্টৰী]] '''আৰ্গো ফেক্টৰী ({{Lang-en|Argo Factory}})'''[[ইৰাণ]]ৰ [[তেহৰাণ]]ত অৱস্থিত এটা সমসাময়িক কলা সংগ্ৰহালয় আৰু সাংস্কৃতিক কেন্দ্ৰ, যিটো পূৰ্বৰ ৱাইন কাৰখানাত অৱস্থিত। আৰ্গো ফেক্টৰী পেজমেন ফাউণ্ডেশ্যন ছাইটৰ এটা অংশ। <ref>{{Cite web |title=Pejman Foundation: Argo Factory — About |url=https://pejman.foundation/argofactory/about/ |access-date=2022-02-28 |website=pejman.foundation}}</ref> ==ইতিহাস== ১৯২০ চনৰ আৰম্ভণিতে নিৰ্মিত আৰ্গো কাৰখানা [[ইৰাণ]]ৰ প্ৰথম ঔদ্যোগিক কাৰখানাসমূহৰ ভিতৰত অন্যতম কাৰাখানা আছিল। ১৯৬০ চনত এইটো এটা ডাঙৰ পানীয় কাৰখানাত পৰিণত হয়, ১৯৭০ চনত পৰিৱেশজনিত সমস্যাৰ কাৰণে ইয়াক স্থায়ীভাৱে বন্ধ কৰিবলৈ বাধ্য নকৰে।<ref name=":1" /><ref name="archdaily.com">{{cite web | url=https://www.archdaily.com/979255/argo-contemporary-art-museum-and-cultural-centre-ahmadreza-schricker-architecture-north-asa-north | title=Argo Contemporary Art Museum & Cultural Centre / Ahmadreza Schricker Architecture North - ASA North | date=29 March 2022 }}</ref><ref name="wallpaper.com">{{cite web | url=https://www.wallpaper.com/architecture/argo-factory-contemporary-art-museum-cultural-centre-ahmadreza-schricker-architecture-north-tehran-iran | title=Tehran's Argo Factory complex reinvents brewery architecture for the arts | date=4 March 2022 }}</ref> ২০১৬ চনত পেজমেন ফাউণ্ডেচনে কাৰখানাটো ক্ৰয় কৰি সংস্কাৰ কৰে। "এসময়ত তাত বনোৱা বিয়েৰৰ নাম"ৰপৰাই এই কাৰখানাটোৰ নাম আৰ্গো হৈছে। <ref>{{cite web | url=https://archive.pinupmagazine.org/articles/argo-museum-hope-factory-pejman-tehran-ahmadreza-schricker | title=ARGO FACTORY: Tehran's First Contemporary Art Museum Since the Revolution }}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Esmaili |first=Yasaman |title=Argo Factory: Contemporary Art Museum & Cultural Centre by Ahmadreza Schricker Architecture - North |url=https://www.architecturalrecord.com/articles/15406-argo-factory-contemporary-art-museum-cultural-centre-by-ahmadreza-schricker-architecture---north |access-date=2022-03-24 |website=www.architecturalrecord.com |language=en}}</ref> ==স্থাপত্য== ইয়াৰ অনন্য স্থাপত্য বৈশিষ্ট্য যেনে ওখ চিমনি আৰু চহৰৰ মাজ-মজিয়াত কৌশলগত ভৌগোলিক অৱস্থানত অৱস্থিত থকা স্বতেও বছৰ বছৰ ধৰি এই কাৰখানাটো অৱহেলিত হৈ পৰিছিল আৰু শেষত প্ৰায় চাৰি দশক ধৰি এটা জৰাজীৰ্ণ অট্টালিকাত পৰিণত হৈছিল। ==পুনৰুদ্ধাৰ== === গাঁথনিগত ভেটি === গাঁথনি অভিযন্তা বেহৰাং বানি আদমে ডিজাইন কৰা নতুন ভেটিৰ গঠনে স্থাপত্যৰ প্ৰকাশভংগীক তেহৰাণৰ ঘৰৰ পুৰণি ধাতুৰ (হালাবী) চাল আৰু সংগ্ৰহালয়ৰ নতুন ভাসমান (কংক্ৰিটৰ) চালৰ মাজত এক সংযত ধাৰা বজাই ৰখাত সহায় কৰিছে; এই নতুন চালবোৰেই হৈছে মূল কাৰখানাৰ বাহিৰৰ অংশত একমাত্ৰ নতুন সংযোজন। এই নতুন ডিজাইনটোৱে পৰম্পৰাগত স্থানীয় ধাতুৰ চালৰ আৰ্হিৰপৰা প্ৰেৰণা লাভ কৰিছে আৰু ইয়াক পাঁচটা গতিশীল, ভাসমান চাল হিচাপে পুনৰ সংযোজন কৰা হৈছে: প্ৰত্যেকেই ইয়াৰ তলত অনুষ্ঠিত হোৱা সাংস্কৃতিক অনুষ্ঠানসমূহৰ বাবে এক অনন্য পোহৰৰ পৰিৱেশ সৃষ্টি কৰে।<ref>https://www.archdaily.com/979255/argo-contemporary-art-museum-and-cultural-centre-ahmadreza-schricker-architecture-north-asa-north</ref> আৰ্গো কাৰখানাটোৰ পুনৰুদ্ধাৰৰ কাম আৰম্ভ হৈছিল ইয়াৰ জৰাজীৰ্ণ গঠনৰ মেৰামতিৰপৰা। ভৱনটোক সুস্থিৰ কৰিবলৈ দলটোৱে নতুন গাঁথনিগত ভেটি স্থাপন কৰিছিল, যিবোৰ ইয়াৰ দীৰ্ঘম্যাদী সংৰক্ষণৰ বাবে অতি গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ আছিল। স্থপতিসকলে মূল বোজা বহনকাৰী ইটাৰ দেৱালবোৰ ধৰি ৰাখিছিল, যিয়ে কাৰখানাটোৰ ঔদ্যোগিক চৰিত্ৰক প্ৰতিফলিত কৰিছিল। <ref>https://www.architecturalrecord.com/articles/15406-argo-factory-contemporary-art-museum-cultural-centre-by-ahmadreza-schricker-architecture---north</ref> === উচ্চ কংক্ৰিটৰ চাল === আৰ্গো কাৰখানাত ৫০ চে.মি. উচ্চতাৰ পাঁচখন কংক্ৰিটৰ চাল মূল ইটাৰ বেৰৰ ওপৰেৰে ওপৰলৈ উঠিছে, য’ত জলবায়ু নিয়ন্ত্ৰণ আৰু যান্ত্ৰিক ব্যৱস্থা আছে। এই ডিজাইনে আধুনিক আন্তঃগাঁথনিক নিৰৱচ্ছিন্নভাৱে একত্ৰিত কৰাত সহায় কৰাই নহয়, ৮.৫ মিটাৰ উচ্চতাৰ গেলেৰীসমূহত প্ৰাকৃতিক পোহৰ প্ৰৱেশ কৰিবলৈও অনুমতি দিয়ে। তেহৰাণৰ পৰম্পৰাগত হালাবি (ধাতুৰ) চালৰপৰা অনুপ্ৰাণিত হৈ নতুন সংযোজনে ঐতিহাসিক গঠনৰ সৈতে এক কৃপাময় বৈপৰীত্য সৃষ্টি কৰাৰ বিপৰীতে কংক্ৰিটৰ ব্যৱহাৰে নিৰ্মাণৰ নিষেধাজ্ঞাৰ বাবে স্থানটোৰ ঔদ্যোগিক পৰিচয়ক শক্তিশালী কৰে। <ref>https://www.archdaily.com/979255/argo-contemporary-art-museum-and-cultural-centre-ahmadreza-schricker-architecture-north-asa-north</ref> ===আৰ্গো কাৰখানাৰ স্থানীয় সম্প্ৰসাৰণ === এই প্ৰকল্পটোৱে ভৱনটোৰ মূল আকাৰ প্ৰায় ৮৫% যথেষ্ট বৃদ্ধি কৰি ইয়াৰ আয়তন ৪৮০ বৰ্গমিটাৰৰপৰা ১,৮৯০ বৰ্গমিটাৰলৈ বৃদ্ধি কৰা হয়। ১৯৭৯ চনৰ ইৰাণী বিপ্লৱৰ পিছত তেহৰাণত স্থাপিত হোৱা প্ৰথমটো ব্যক্তিগত সমসাময়িক কলা সংগ্ৰহালয় হৈছে আৰ্গো ফেক্টৰী। ইয়াত শিল্পীসকলক বিভিন্ন ধৰণৰ চিলিঙৰ উচ্চতা (১৫ মিটাৰ পৰ্যন্ত উচ্চতা) আৰু বিভিন্ন ধৰণৰ স্থান প্ৰদান কৰা হয়, যিয়ে প্ৰদৰ্শনী আৰু ইনষ্টলেচনৰ বাবে অধিক নমনীয়তা প্ৰদান কৰে। এতিয়া চহৰখনৰ এক বিখ্যাত সাংস্কৃতিক কেন্দ্ৰ, এই কাৰখানাটোৱে স্থানীয় আৰু আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় উভয় দৰ্শনাৰ্থীক আকৰ্ষণ কৰে। ইয়াৰ সফল ৰূপান্তৰে চাৰিওফালৰ অট্টালিকাসমূহৰ সংস্কাৰৰ বাবেও অনুপ্ৰাণিত কৰিছে আৰু তেহৰাণৰ ডাউনটাউনৰ সাংস্কৃতিক পুনৰুজ্জীৱিতকৰণত উল্লেখযোগ্য ভূমিকা পালন কৰিছে।<ref>https://www.archdaily.com/979255/argo-contemporary-art-museum-and-cultural-centre-ahmadreza-schricker-architecture-north-asa-north</ref> দুটা পৰ্যায়ত কাৰখানাটো সংস্কাৰ কৰা হৈছিল আৰু শেষৰখিনি ২০১৮/১৯ চনত সম্পূৰ্ণ হৈছিল। <ref>{{Cite web |title=Pejman Foundation – The Room Becomes A Street {{!}} Independent Collectors |url=https://independent-collectors.com/collections/the-room-becomes-a-street/ |access-date=2022-02-28 |language=en-US}}</ref> নিউয়ৰ্কস্থিত স্থাপত্য প্ৰতিষ্ঠান এ এছ এ নৰ্থৰ সহযোগত প্ৰায় চাৰি দশক পৰিত্যক্ত হোৱাৰ পিছত আৰ্গো ফেক্টৰী সম্পূৰ্ণৰূপে ৰূপান্তৰিত হয়; এই কামৰ বাবে ই ২০২২ চনত স্থাপত্যৰ বাবে আগা খান বঁটাকে ধৰি বহুতো বঁটা লাভ কৰে। <ref name=":2">{{cite web | url=https://www.architecturalrecord.com/articles/15406-argo-factory-contemporary-art-museum-cultural-centre-by-ahmadreza-schricker-architecture---north | title=Argo Factory: Contemporary Art Museum & Cultural Centre by Ahmadreza Schricker Architecture - North &#124; 2021-11-22 &#124; Architectural Record }}</ref><ref name="wallpaper.com" /><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.gagallery.com/press/canvas18 | title=Canvas - Factory Rules, Hannah Jacobi - Press - Green . Art . Gallery }}</ref><ref name="archdaily.com"></ref> == পুৰস্কাৰ == বিশেষ ডিজাইনৰ বাবে আৰ্গো কাৰখানাই যথেষ্ট মনোযোগ লাভ কৰিছিল আৰু বিশ্ব পৰ্যায়ত ডাঙৰ ডাঙৰ স্থাপত্য বঁটা লাভ কৰিবলৈ সক্ষম হৈছিল। ২০২২ চনত এই ভৱনটো ইৰাণৰ আন দুটা প্ৰকল্পৰ সৈতে ১৬খন দেশৰপৰা দাখিল কৰা ৪৬৩টা কামৰ ভিতৰত স্থাপত্যৰ বাবে আগা খান বঁটাৰ বাবে চূড়ান্ত প্ৰাৰ্থীৰ তালিকাত অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত কৰা হয় আৰু এই তালিকাৰপৰা ছটা প্ৰকল্পক চূড়ান্ত বিজয়ী হিচাপে নিৰ্বাচিত কৰা হয়। <ref name=":2" /><ref>{{cite web |title=Aga Khan Award for Architecture announces 2022 shortlist &#124; Aga Khan Development Network |url=https://www.akdn.org/press-release/aga-khan-award-architecture-announces-2022-shortlist}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Argo Contemporary Art Museum & Cultural Centre &#124; Aga Khan Development Network |url=https://www.akdn.org/architecture/project/argo-contemporary-art-museum-cultural-centre}}</ref> ইয়াৰে অন্যতম বিজয়ী আছিল আহমদ্ৰেজা শ্ৰীকাৰ (এ এছ এ নৰ্থ)ৰদ্বাৰা পুনৰ নিৰ্মাণ কৰা আৰ্গো ফেক্টৰী। প্ৰতি তিনি বছৰৰ মূৰে মূৰে স্থাপত্যৰ বাবে আগা খান বঁটা প্ৰদান কৰা হয়। ডেজিন ৱেবছাইটৰদ্বাৰা আয়োজিত ২০২২ চনৰ ডেজিন আৰ্কিটেকচাৰ প্ৰাইজতো আৰ্গো ফেক্টৰীয়ে লাভ কৰে। এই বঁটাত তিনিটা শাখা আছে: স্থাপত্য, অভ্যন্তৰীণ, আৰু ডিজাইন; প্ৰতিটো শ্ৰেণীত ১৪টা উপ-শ্ৰেণী আছে। শেষত প্ৰতিটো শাখাৰপৰা এজনকৈ চূড়ান্ত বিজয়ী নিৰ্বাচিত কৰা হ’ব আৰু ডেজিন স্থাপত্য বঁটাৰ তিনিটা বিশেষ কামৰ ভিতৰত এটা হিচাপে সন্মানিত কৰা হ’ব। এই বঁটাসমূহৰ পঞ্চম সংস্কৰণত সাংস্কৃতিক অট্টালিকা বিভাগত এই আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় প্ৰতিযোগিতাৰ চূড়ান্ত পৰ্যায় বা চৰ্টলিষ্টত নিৰ্বাচিত কৰা প্ৰকল্পসমূহৰ ভিতৰত অন্যতম আছিল আৰ্গো ফেক্টৰী; এই শিতানৰ চূড়ান্ত বিজয়ী হয় আৰু ২০২২ চনৰ ডেজিন বঁটাত 'বছৰৰ স্থাপত্য প্ৰকল্প' হিচাপেও ঘোষণা কৰা হয়।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Argo Contemporary Art Museum & Cultural Centre {{!}} Winners {{!}} Dezeen Awards 2022 |url=https://www.dezeen.com/awards/2022/winners/argo-contemporary-art-museum-cultural-centre/ |access-date=2022-11-19 |website=Dezeen |language=en}}</ref> ==কাৰ্যসূচী == আৰ্গো ফেক্টৰীটো পেজমেন ফাউণ্ডেশ্যনৰ মালিকানাধীন এক বৈচিত্ৰ্যময় গোটৰ ছাইটৰ অংশ। পেজমেন ফাউণ্ডেচনে প্ৰদৰ্শনী, আলোচনা, আৰু অনুষ্ঠানৰ জৰিয়তে কলা আৰু সংস্কৃতিক প্ৰসাৰিত কৰে। ===প্ৰদৰ্শনী === *নীল বেলৌফা - ২০১৭ <ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Erdbrink |first=Thomas |date=2017-10-20 |title=Selling the Porsche to Promote Iranian Art |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/20/world/middleeast/iran-art.html |access-date=2022-02-28 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> * ন'জ টু ন'জ -স্লাভ আৰু টাটাৰ -২০১৭ * এলহোৱেৰ ইণ্টাৰেক্টিভ ভি আৰ ইনষ্টলেচন - ২০১৮ * নাজগোল আনছাৰিনিয়া: দ্য ৰুম বিকামচ্‌ এ ষ্ট্ৰীট-২০২০ * “ফৰ দ্য চেক অৱ চালমনেচ" নিউছা টাভাকোলিয়ান ৰ এটা প্ৰকল্প - ২০২০ * “ইন দ্য মিডষ্ট” ভল্যুম ১ - ২০২১ চন * ভিডিঅ': পেৰিছ মিউজিয়াম অৱ মডাৰ্ণ আৰ্টৰ সংগ্ৰহৰপৰা ভিডিঅ'ৰ এক বিশাল নিৰ্বাচন - ২০২১ * মোহচেন ভাজিৰি মোগদ্দাম: আনৰিয়েলাইজড প্ৰজেক্ট - ২০২১<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-11-26 |title=Preview of a first-of-its-kind exhibition on Mohsen Vaziri Moghaddam at the Italian Embassy in Tehran |url=https://en.irna.ir/news/84555807/Preview-of-a-first-of-its-kind-exhibition-on-Mohsen-Vaziri-Moghaddam |access-date=2022-02-28 |website=IRNA English |language=en}}</ref> * ভেনিছিং পইণ্ট; পেজমেন সংগ্ৰহৰ এটা নিৰ্বাচন - ২০২২ * 'ট্ৰুথ লাইজ নট ইন ৱান ড্ৰিম, বাট ইন মেনি' 'দ্য ৱান থাউজেণ্ড এণ্ড ৱান নাইটছ' অফ পাচলিনিৰ ৰবাৰ্ট' ভিলাৰ ফটোত বৰ্ণিত - ২০২২ <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0071502/ | title=Il fiore delle mille e una notte | website=[[IMDb]] }}</ref> * ৰিমেম্বেৰেন্স অৱ থিংচ প্ৰেজেণ্ট; ASA-North-2023 ৰ প্ৰৰ্দশনী। == তথ্যৰ উৎস== {{reflist}} == বাহ্যিক সংযোগ == * [https://pejman.foundation/argofactory/ Official Website] [[শ্ৰেণী:সংগ্ৰহালয়]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ইৰান]] i91jm3rsg6hgjoga5k6yciqjrztyo6p 3 136847 605958 2026-05-12T10:45:36Z Neriah 29129 পৃষ্ঠা [[সদস্য বাৰ্তা:Crushcrushcrush1]]ৰ পৰা [[সদস্য বাৰ্তা:Crushcrushcrush]]লৈ Neriahয়ে স্থানান্তৰ কৰিলে: Automatically moved page while renaming the user "[[Special:CentralAuth/Crushcrushcrush1|Crushcrushcrush1]]" to "[[Special:CentralAuth/Crushcrushcrush|Crushcrushcrush]]" 605958 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[সদস্য বাৰ্তা:Crushcrushcrush]] awt7rd6me0phycy8i2vo3vi5byjgk21 2 136848 605961 2026-05-12T11:45:13Z ASSYS Director 49823 User page সংযোগ কৰা হৈছে 605961 wikitext text/x-wiki <nowiki>{{Infobox organization| name = অসম সৎনামী সমাজ যুৱ শক্তি| native_name = Assam Satnami Samaj Yuva Shakti| logo = [[File:Assam Satnami Samaj Youth Shakti logo.jpg|250px]]| caption = ঐক্য • সন্মান • স্বাৱলম্বন| formation = ২০২৬ চন| type = সামাজিক সংগঠন| founder = [[User:ASSYS Director|গোবিন্দ সৎনামী]]| headquarters = অসম| region_served = অসম| target_group = সৎনামী সম্প্ৰদায়ৰ যুৱ প্ৰজন্ম| website = [https://assamsatnamisamajyuvashakti.blogspot.com assamsatnamisamajyuvashakti.blogspot.com]}}</nowiki>== পৰিচয় আৰু উদ্দেশ্য ==<nowiki>'''</nowiki>অসম সৎনামী সমাজ যুৱ শক্তি<nowiki>'''</nowiki> হৈছে অসমত বসবাসকাৰী সৎনামী সম্প্ৰদায়ৰ যুৱ প্ৰজন্মক একত্ৰিত কৰাৰ বাবে গঠিত এটি সামাজিক মঞ্চ। মূল লক্ষ্য হৈছে সমাজৰ সদস্যসকলৰ মাজত একতা আৰু বিশ্বাস গঢ়ি তোলাৰ লগতে সম্প্ৰদায়ৰ গৌৰৱময় ইতিহাস আৰু সংস্কৃতি সংৰক্ষণ কৰা।<nowiki><ref name="blog">[https://assamsatnamisamajyuvashakti.blogspot.com আনুষ্ঠানিক ব্লগছাইট], অসম সৎনামী সমাজ যুৱ শক্তি।</ref></nowiki><nowiki><ref name="video1">[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F_fP-9pC9QY অসম সৎনামী সমাজ যুৱ শক্তিৰ কাৰ্যসূচী], YouTube ভিডিঅ' ৰিপৰ্ট।</ref></nowiki>=== মূল আদৰ্শ ===* <nowiki>'''</nowiki>ঐক্য<nowiki>'''</nowiki> — সমাজৰ প্ৰতিজন সদস্যক একত্ৰিত কৰি এটা শক্তিশালী গোষ্ঠী হিচাপে গঢ়ি তোলা।<nowiki><ref name="solangdo1">''অসম সৎনামী যুৱ পৰিষদৰ কেন্দ্ৰীয় প্ৰতিষ্ঠা দিৱস উদযাপন'', '''দৈনিক ছ'লাংদ''' (ডিফু), ৮ মে', ২০২৬, পৃষ্ঠা ১।</ref></nowiki>* <nowiki>'''</nowiki>সন্মান<nowiki>'''</nowiki> — প্ৰতিজন ব্যক্তিৰ মতামতক সমান গুৰুত্ব প্ৰদান কৰা।* <nowiki>'''</nowiki>স্বাৱলম্বন<nowiki>'''</nowiki> — আৰ্থিক আৰু সামাজিকভাৱে সমাজক আত্মনিৰ্ভৰশীল কৰি তোলা।== ঐতিহাসিক পটভূমি ==সৎনামী আন্দোলনৰ মূল শিপা ভাৰতৰ ভক্তি পৰম্পৰাৰ সৈতে জড়িত। ১৮২০ চনত গুৰু ঘাচীদাসে ছত্তীছগড়ত এক শক্তিশালী সামাজিক আৰু ধৰ্মীয় আন্দোলন গঢ়ি তুলিছিল।<nowiki><ref name="cg_gov">[https://shasan.cgstate.gov.in/culture/guru-ghasidas গুৰু ঘাচীদাস আৰু সৎনামী আন্দোলন], ছত্তীছগড় চৰকাৰ।</ref></nowiki> ব্ৰিটিছ শাসনকালত চাহ বাগিছাত কাম কৰিবলৈ অহা সৎনামী লোকসকলে নিজৰ স্বকীয় সংস্কৃতি ৰক্ষা কৰি বৰ্তমান অসমৰ সমাজ জীৱনৰ এক অবিচ্ছেদ্য অংগ হৈ পৰিছে।<nowiki><ref name="ttwd">[https://ttwd.assam.gov.in/about-us/history-of-tea-tribes অসমৰ চাহ জনগোষ্ঠীৰ ইতিহাস], চাহ জনজাতি কল্যাণ বিভাগ, অসম চৰকাৰ।</ref></nowiki>=== গুহা মহন্ত সৎনামীৰ অৱদান ===অসমৰ সৎনামী সমাজৰ ইতিহাসত গুহা মহন্ত সৎনামী (১৮৭৫–১৯৫৮) এগৰাকী অগ্ৰণী সমাজ সংস্কাৰক আছিল। তেওঁ কলিয়াবৰ অঞ্চলৰ সৎনামী সমাজক নেতৃত্ব প্ৰদান কৰাৰ লগতে ১৯৩৯ চনত সমাজ পৰিচালনাৰ বাবে 'মহন্ত' উপাধিৰে বিভূষিত হৈছিল। তেওঁ ১৯৪২ চনৰ ভাৰত ত্যাগ আন্দোলনতো সক্ৰিয় ভূমিকা গ্ৰহণ কৰিছিল।<nowiki><ref name="shatadal">সঞ্জয় ঠাকুৰ (সম্পা.), ''শতদল'' (স্মৃতিগ্ৰন্থ), ৩০৫ নং চিকনী পথাৰ প্ৰাথমিক বিদ্যালয় শতবৰ্ষ উদযাপন সমিতি, কলিয়াবৰ, ২০১৫, পৃষ্ঠা ১৩৪-১৩৭।</ref></nowiki>== উল্লেখযোগ্য কাৰ্যক্ৰমসমূহ ==২০২৬ চনৰ ৩ মে'ত বিশ্বনাথ জিলাৰ কাউৰীপথাৰত সংগঠনটোৰ উদ্যোগত এটি বিশেষ সম্বৰ্ধনা অনুষ্ঠান সম্পন্ন হয়। এই অনুষ্ঠানত সমাজৰ কৃতী শিক্ষাৰ্থীসকলক আনুষ্ঠানিকভাৱে সন্মান জনোৱাৰ লগতে সামাজিক একতা বৃদ্ধিৰ দিশত আলোচনা কৰা হয়।<nowiki><ref name="video2">[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dsh39KkH_tY কৃতী শিক্ষাৰ্থী সম্বৰ্ধনা অনুষ্ঠান ২০২৬], YouTube ভিডিঅ'।</ref></nowiki><nowiki><ref name="solangdo1" /></nowiki>== শিক্ষাৰ উত্তৰাধিকাৰ আৰু ভূমি দান ==সৎনামী সম্প্ৰদায়ৰ বিভিন্ন মনীষীয়ে অসমত শিক্ষাৰ প্ৰসাৰৰ বাবে বিভিন্ন সময়ত ভূমি দান কৰি আহিছে:* <nowiki>'''</nowiki>গুহা মহন্ত সৎনামী:<nowiki>'''</nowiki> ১৯১৪ চনত নগাঁৱৰ চিকনীপথাৰত ৩০৫ নং চিকনী পথাৰ প্ৰাথমিক বিদ্যালয় স্থাপনৰ বাবে নিজৰ দখলত থকা ভূমি স্ব-ইচ্ছাই দান কৰিছিল।<nowiki><ref name="shatadal" /></nowiki>* <nowiki>'''</nowiki>শুকদেৱ পণ্ডিত:<nowiki>'''</nowiki> ১৯২০ চনত শোণিতপুৰৰ এৰাবাৰীত প্ৰাথমিক বিদ্যালয় স্থাপনৰ বাবে ভূমি দান কৰিছিল।== তথ্যসূত্ৰ ==<nowiki>{{Reflist}}</nowiki><nowiki>[[শ্ৰেণী:অসমৰ সামাজিক সংগঠন]]</nowiki> b97j17nfx1cmleo9qc1feakzd8sv67f