Wikipedia bclwiki https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panginot_na_Pahina MediaWiki 1.45.0-wmf.6 first-letter Medio Espesyal Olay Paragamit Olay kan paragamit Wikipedia Olay sa Wikipedia Ladawan Olay sa ladawan MediaWiki Olay sa MediaWiki Plantilya Olay sa plantilya Tabang Olay sa tabang Kategorya Olay sa kategorya TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 232 289845 287601 2025-06-19T00:59:25Z Crystal East 25362 Crystal East pinagbalyo an pahina [[Kinaban]] pasiring sa [[Kinaban (planeta)]] 287601 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ladawan:The Blue Marble (remastered).jpg|thumbnail|too|An hitsura kan Kinàban]] [[File:NASA-Apollo8-Dec24-Earthrise.jpg|thumb|right]] An '''Kinàban''' (simbolo: [[file:Earth symbol (fixed width).svg|16px|🜨]]; [[Ingles]]: ''Earth'') an ikatolong [[planeta]] poon sa [[Saldang]] asin an pinakadakulà sa mga terestreng planeta sa [[Sistemang Solar]], sa diametro sagkod [[masa]]. Inaapod man ining '''An Kinàban''', '''Planetang Kinàban''', asin '''Dagâ'''. Susog sa radyometrikong pagkarkulo asin iba pang mga ginugunoan na ebidensya, an kinaban iyo naporma sa nakaaging 4.5 bilyon na taon.<ref name="age earth">{{cite web|url=http://sp.lyellcollection.org/cgi/content/abstract/190/1/205|title=The age of the Earth in the twentieth century- a problem (mostly) solved|accessdate=2009-07-28|publisher=Geological Society, London, Special Publications}}</ref><ref>Dalrymple G. Brent 2004. ''Ancient Earth, ancient skies: the age of Earth and its cosmic surroundings''. Stanford. p26, table 3.1</ref> Sa ngonyan, ini sana an aram na bagay sa uniberso na tinataluboan nin [[Organismo|organismong]] mga may buhay. == Karakter == === Buhay na planeta === [[Ladawan:Diagram of the Water Cycle.jpg|thumb|An paghiro kan [[tubig]] sa manlainlain na parte kan hidrospero sa paagi kan "siklong tubig" (''water cycle'').]] An Kinaban iyo an solamenteng [[planeta]] sa Sistemang Solar na igwa nin dakulong bilang nin [[Likido|likidong]] [[tubig]].<ref>{{cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Rover reveals Mars was once wet enough for life|url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/4202901/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040210011241/http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/4202901/|archive-date=February 10, 2004|accessdate=28 July 2009|website=|publisher=[[Microsoft]]}}</ref> Harus 74% kan kaibabawan nin Kinaban an pigtatakloban nin likido o nagyeyelong tubig. Huli kaini, an mga tawo minsan inaapod ini bilang an asul na planeta.{{refn|''Blue Planet'' is a poetic title for the Earth used in [[movie]]s, in [[magazine|cheap paper book]]s, in [[poetry]], and in government reports (such as the [[European Space Agency]]'s [http://www.esa.int/esapub/bulletin/bulletin137/bul137b_drinkwater.pdf Exploring the water cycle of the Blue Planet])}} Huli sa tubig kaini, an Kinaban iyo nagsisirbing harong sa milyon nin mga espesye kan tinanom asin hayop na nangangaipo nin tubig para mabuhay.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1988Sci...241.1441M|title=How many species are there on Earth.|publisher=Harvard University|accessdate=2009-07-28}}</ref><ref name="purves_et_al2001">{{cite book|title=Life, the science of biology|last=Purves|first=William Kirkwood|publisher=Macmillan|year=2001|isbn=978-0-7167-3873-2|page=455}}</ref> An mga bagay na nabubuhay sa Kinaban iyo labing nabago an kaibabawan kaini. Halimbawa, an mga suanoy na ''cyanobacteria'' pigliwat an ere asin pigtawan ini nin [[oksiheno]]. An nabubuhay na parte kan kaibabawan nin Kinaban iyo inaapod na "biospera".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.space.com/searchforlife/life_origins_001205.html|title=Origins of life on Earth|accessdate=2009-07-28|publisher=Space.com|archive-date=2009-07-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090728104629/http://www.space.com/searchforlife/life_origins_001205.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Pag-itok === [[Ladawan:Earth poster.svg|thumb|An mga parte kan kinaban]] An grabidad kan Kinaban nakikipagbugnotan man sa grabidad kan ibang bagay sa espasyo, orog na an Saldang asin [[Bulan (astronomiya)|Bulan]], an huri iyo sana man an satelayt kan Kinaban. An Kinaban nag'iitok sa Saldang sa laog nin 365.26 na aldaw, periodong sinasabing aldaw-Kinaban. Durante sa panahon na ini,an Kinaban naitok sa saiyang ehe nin mga 366.26 na beses. An pag'itok sa ehe kan Kinaban medyo tagilid kun ibabaing sa direksyon nin pag'orbit, na iyo ini an kinakawsa kan sinasabing mga iba-ibang panahon sa kadagaan. An pagbugnotan nin higop sa grabidad sa pag'ultan kan Kinaban asin Bulan iyo an nakawsa kan arohoy kan tubig sa mga dagat asin salog, asin iyo an nadikta kun ini matignarakul o mahubas. Ini man an nataong estabilidad sa orientasyon kani sa saiyang ehe, asin ini nakontrol kan pagluya kan pag'itok. An Kinaban iyo an pinakadusok na planeta sa Sistema Solar asin pinakadakula sa apat na terestreng planeta. == Hilingon man == * [[Saldang]] * [[Bitoon]] * [[Bulan (astronomiya)]] == Mga panluwas na takod == {{commons category|Earth}} * [https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/earth/overview/ Earth&nbsp;– Profile] – Eksplorasyon kan Sistemang Solar – [[NASA]] * [http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/ Earth Observatory] – NASA * Earth – Videos – International Space Station: ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=74mhQyuyELQ Video (01:02)] – Kinaban (time-lapse) ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l6ahFFFQBZY Video (00:27)] – Kinaban sagkod an mga aurora (time-lapse) * [https://www.google.com/maps/@36.6233227,-44.9959756,5662076m/data=!3m1!1e3 Google Earth 3D], inter-aktibong mapa * [https://thehappykoala.github.io/Harmony-of-the-Spheres/#/category/Solar%20System/scenario/The%20Earth%20and%20Moon%20System Inter-aktibong 3D na biswalisasyon kan Saldang, Kinaban, sagkod Bulan na sistema] * [http://portal.gplates.org/ GPlates Portal] (University of Sydney) == Toltolan == {{reflist}} {{agham-poon}} [[Kategorya:Kinaban]] [[Kategorya:Mga Planeta]] 6uka64zggquondqm7hhoz1eyx8gowy3 0 2317 289840 278819 2025-06-19T00:36:05Z InternetArchiveBot 17127 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 289840 wikitext text/x-wiki :''Lapulapu pangaran man nin sira sa Filipinas. Kun sa ciudad, hilnga [[Mga Ciudad kan Filipinas|Lapu-Lapu (ciudad)]]'' Si '''Lapulapu''' (1491 – 1542) hade kan [[Mactan|Maktan]], sarong isla sa [[Visayas|Bisaya]], [[Filipinas]] na bantog bilang pinaka-enot na tinubo sa [[arkipelago]] na nagtumang sa pagkokolonya kan mga [[Kastila]]. Siya ngonyan an hinihiling na enot na Pilipinong heroe. Naroromdoman si Lapulapu sa pagsogpo' kan pagsasakyada kan mga Kastila sa saiyang islang kahadean asin iyo an ikinagadan kan [[Portugal|Portuges]] na eksplorador na si [[Ferdinand Magellan|Fernando de Magallanes]] sa ralaban na inaapod ngonyan na [[Sagupaan sa Maktan]]. Si Magellan enot nang napirit asin napaoyon an Hade kan [[Cebu|Zubu]] (si [[Datu]] [[Humabon]]) na magpabonyag komo sarong Kristiyano asin magsumpa nin lealtad sa Espanya. Alagad si Lapulapu nagngungutiil na gayo na magpasakop. Kaiba an dakulang pwersa, linusob na Magellan an Maktan kan Abril 27, 1521 kaidto alagad sinabat sinda kan hokbo ni Lapulapu na nagbibilang labing sangribo duman sa baybayon. Makuri an ralaban alagad dai nakatabang an mga kanyon na Magellan ta dai makarani an saiyang mga bapor gibo kan magapoon sa harani sa kosa asin an paputok ninda dai makaabot sa kalaban. Nagpadara nin mga soldados siya ngane suroloon an mga kahaharongan pero ini logod an nagpalaad kan isog kan mga kabwan ni Lapulapu asin daing takot dinaguso an mga Kastila na patos sa barote' na metal alagad tinuyong garodon asin tigbason kan mga tauhan ni Lapulapu an mga tabay ta daing tahob. Sa paagi kaini dakul nagkagaradan sa mga Kastila, kaiba na si Magellan na pigsurorogan kan ini mapasungkab ta nalugad nin makuri sa walang tabay. Kan nahiling nindang daing herak na inutasan buhay an pamayo ninda, na sabi ni [[Antonio Pigafetta]] "saindang salming, ilaw, ranga asin tunay na giya.."<ref> Magellan's Voyage: A Narrative Account of the First Circumnavigation. Antonio Pigafetta. Patrician of Venice and Knight of Rhodes. American Heritage. Oct. 1969. Vol. XX. No. 6. pp. 64-75.</ref> an mga Kastila nagkurutipas na pabalik sa saindang mga sasakyan. Susog sa lumang orosipon digdi sa [[Sulu]], si Lapulapu sarong [[Muslim]] na datu. An banwang [[Bangsamoro]], na iyo an tubong kadagaan kan mga Moslem sa habagatan kan Filipinas, kinokonsiderar siya sarong Muslim asin kabuhan kan etnikong grupo na [[Tausug]] Saro pang pangaran ni Lapulapu, na natala ni Carlos Calao, sarong ika-17ng Siglo poeta na Kastilang Intsik sa saiyang rawitdawit "Que Dios Le Perdone" ([[Tataramon na Kastila|Kastila]],"Na an Diyos Patawaron Man Logod Siya) iyo an "Cali Pulacu". An 1898 na [[Pagpapahayag nin Katalingkasan kan Filipinas]] natomoyan si Lapulapu komo "Hadeng Kalipulako kan Mactan" ==Pagromdom== An mga Cebuano nagpatindog nin sarong monumento sa pag-onra saiya sa Isla kan Mactan asin pigbago an pangaran kan Opon, pigngaranan nang Lapu-Lapu. Saro man na estatuwa ni Lapulapu ipigregalo kan [[South Korea]] sa [[Filipinas]]. Ini nakatindog na sa ''Liwasan Rizal''. Si Senador Gordon sa ika-14 Kongreso nagsangat man nin bill na ideklara an Abril 27 bilang ''Adlaw ni Lapu-Lapu''. An pigura ni Lapulapu yaon sa opisyal na selyo kan [[Philippine National Police]]. An 1-sentabo na takal igwang pigura ni Lapulapu sa barayan niya. Ini totoo pigretiro na bilang kwarta (1967-1974). Sarong sira sa [[Filipinas]] nagngangaran na "Lapu-Lapu" alagad mas aram an sirang ini sa [[Visayas|Bisaya]] asin [[Mindanao]] na "pugapo" na sa Bikol, boot sabihon ''sira sa kosa''. Duwang pelikula sa [[Filipinas]] inapod na "Lapu-Lapu", pareho manongod sa buhay ni Lapulapu. An ''chief lapu-lapu'' (sarong cocktail) ipigngaran sa pag-onra saiya. ==Mga Panluwas na Takod== #Tausug Moslem si Lapu-Lapu-http://www.bangsamoro.info/modules/wfsection/article.php?articleid=33 #Ginikanan ni Lapu-Lapu Sinusog- http://www.seasite.niu.edu/Tagalog/Modules/Modules/MuslimMindanao/historical_timeline_of_the_royal.htm #"Adlaw ni Lapu-Lapu"- http://www.senate.gov.ph/press_release/2008/0427_gordon1.asp #Selyo kan PNP- http://www.pnp.gov.ph/about/content/seal.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080316023807/http://www.pnp.gov.ph/about/content/seal.html |date=2008-03-16 }} #Lapu-Lapu nakaag sa 1-sentabong takal- http://numismatics.org/collection/2004.9.7460 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181106144815/http://numismatics.org/collection/2004.9.7460 |date=2018-11-06 }} #An Sagupaan Sa Mactan- http://www.mb.com.ph/issues/2004/04/27/OPED200404278218.html #Pelikulang "Lapu-Lapu"- http://www.kabayancentral.com/video/lvn/cplvnll.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170803025451/http://www.kabayancentral.com/video/lvn/cplvnll.html |date=2017-08-03 }} #Chief Lapu-Lapu, cocktail- http://tikijohnny.com/?p=35 ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} ==Mga babasahon pa== *Agoncillo, Teodoro A. Magellan and Lapu-Lapu. Fookien Times Yearbook, 1965, p. 634. *Alcina, Francisco, Historia de las Islas e Indios de Bisaya, MS 1668. *Correa, Gaspar, Lendas de India, Vol. 2, p. 630. *Cruz, Gemma, "Making Little Hero of Maktan." *Estabaya, D. M., 445 Years of Lapu-lapu, Weekly nation 1: 26-27, April 25, 1966. *Pigafetta, Antonio, Primo Viaje en Torno al Globo Terraqueo, Corredato di Notte de Carlo Amoteti, Milano, 1800. *Zaide, Gregorio.The Philippines:A Unique Nation. All Nations Publishing Co., Inc.1994.pp.83–84 Philippine History. Halili, Christine Ma..REX Bookstore, Inc.2004. *Halili, Christine Ma., Philippine History.REX Bookstore, Inc. 2004. {{Poon}} [[Kategorya:Mga Filipinong Datu, Raja asin Sultan]] [[Kategorya:Mga taga-Cebu]] ko9qk851aqq1wkd53bb0t80gacnimu5 0 8911 289844 269876 2025-06-19T00:49:16Z Crystal East 25362 289844 wikitext text/x-wiki [[ladawan:LocationWesternAfrica.png|right|thumb|250px|An mapa kan [[Aprika]] kun saen ipinapaheling an kinamomogtakan kan Aprikang Solnopan. (Mairom na berde)]] An '''Aprikang Solnopan''' o. '''Solnopan na Aprika''' iyo an pinakangparteng solnopan kan rehiyon nin [[Aprika]]ng kontinente. Sa geo-pulitikal na subdibisyon kan Nasyon Unido sa Aprikang Solnopan, 16 an mga nasasakop kaining mga nasyon: [[Benin]], [[Burkina Faso]], [[Cape Verde]], [[Ivory Coast|Cote d'Ivoire]], [[Gambya]], [[Gana]], [[Guinea]], [[Guineya-Bisau]], [[Liberya]], [[Mali]], [[Mauritanya]], [[Niger]], [[Senegal]], [[Sierra Leone]], asin [[Togo]].<ref>[http://www.un.org/unowa/unowa/bckgrdnew.pdf ''The UN office for West Africa'']</ref> Maliban sa Mauritanya, gabos ini mga kaapil sa [[ECOWASI]], o, [[Economic Community of West African States]]. An klasipikasyon kan Nasyon Unido binabale an isla nin [[Santa Helena]], sarong teritoryo sa ibong na dagat kan Briton sa [[Kadagatan Atlantiko]]. ==Mga panluwas na takod== *[http://www.columbia.edu/cu/lweb/indiv/africa/cuvl/West.html#tbl ''West Africa by Region and Country''] – African Studies at [[Columbia University]] *[http://www.ouestaf.com/ ouestaf.com] – Online source for news and current affairs in west Africa. *[http://historylearningsite.co.uk/treatyofversailles.htm] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101023044748/http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/treatyofversailles.htm |date=2010-10-23 }} - The loss of Togo in result in World War 1 *[http://www.loccidental.net/ Loccidental] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060307145452/http://www.loccidental.net/ |date=2006-03-07 }} – The News reference for West Africa. *[http://www.westafricareview.com/ West Africa Review] – An e-journal on West Africa research and scholarship. *[http://www.westafricanplants.senckenberg.de West African Plants Database] – photos and plant identification == Toltolan == {{reflist}} {{stub}} bpluwi0owcwodc5sthnhbrx0bl97jw4 0 11076 289862 283131 2025-06-19T04:37:35Z InternetArchiveBot 17127 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 289862 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ladawan:PBMA Official Seal..gif|right|thumb|160px|An opisyal na eskudo kan PBMA,Inc.]] [[Ladawan:PBMA Palace8..gif|right|thumb|180px|An kwartel kan PBMA.Inc.]] An '''Philippine Benevolent Missionaries Association, Incorporated''' (tinogdas, Okt. 19,1965<ref>http://www.seasite.niu.edu/Tagalog/Modules/Modules/PhilippineReligions/article_pbma.htm {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130730060733/http://www.seasite.niu.edu/Tagalog/Modules/Modules/PhilippineReligions/article_pbma.htm |date=2013-07-30 }}. Kinua 25-07-13</ref>) sarong kasararoan na minukna ni [[Ruben Ecleo, Sr.]] na an katuyohan bakong sa pulitika, bakong sa [[relihiyon]] kundi sa pagtabang asin pagkamagturugang susog sa saiyang rehistro <ref>http://allaboutpbma.webs.com/informationfaq.htm {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120506231949/http://allaboutpbma.webs.com/informationfaq.htm |date=2012-05-06 }} Kinua 26-07-13</ref>sa [[Securities and Exchange Commission]] alagad may makusog na mga elemento sa praktis, gawe, asin sa pagtubod na ini pinapadalagan bilang sarong kulto. Poon kan ini tinogdas, an pamamayo asin an pagdesisyon igdi yaon sa pamilya Ecleo. Inapod kan mga kaapil an kagtogdas kan asosasyon na si Ruben, Sr. bilang "Divine Master" na may kakayahan magbulong, may kabatiran maginterpretar kan "Akashic Records," magtokdo kan mga napapalaman sa Bibliya, asin mag-"bilocate" na boot sabihon yaon sa duwang lokasyon sa parehong momento. An mga myembro nagsasarabi man na si Ecleo, Sr., tataong magtaram Aramaic, Hebreo, Arabo, asin Sanskrito kaya nababasa niya daa an mga tagong kadunongan. <ref>http://www.rickross.com/reference/pbma/pbma1.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071013070243/http://rickross.com/reference/pbma/pbma1.html |date=2007-10-13 }}. Kinua 23-07-13</ref> Ini sinasabing nagparadakula asin nakatipon nin mga kaapil naghahale pa sa ibang mga rona' kan Filipinas mala ta nag'abot 3.5 milyon na an myembro kan taon 2002 <ref>http://allaboutpbma.webs.com/thefounder.htm {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130724030440/http://allaboutpbma.webs.com/thefounder.htm |date=2013-07-24 }} Kinua 22-07-13</ref> alagad nagbaba an bilang kan mga kaapil huli sa pagkadamay kan presenteng namamayo kaini na si [[Ruben Ecleo,Jr]] sa mga kaso kriminal <ref>http://www.interaksyon.com/article/29371/dinagat-island-rep--ruben-ecleo-jr--guilty-of-parricide---court {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130711034957/http://www.interaksyon.com/article/29371/dinagat-island-rep--ruben-ecleo-jr--guilty-of-parricide---court |date=2013-07-11 }}. Kinua 22-07-13</ref><ref>http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/tag/ruben-ecleo-jr. Kinua 23-07-13</ref><ref>http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x8GMWgoz3OM</ref><ref>http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mB4dtR1e5bM. Kinua 23-07-13</ref> An kwartel kan PBMA, Inc. yaon sa San Jose, probinsya nin Dinagat Islands, Rehiyon CARAGA, Filipinas kun saen natotogdok an inapod kan mga myembro na "Islander Castle"<ref>http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qDi_6ORJlA4.Kinua 23-07-13</ref> ==Mga panluwas na takod== * [http://chrispforr.net/row2/chrisphil2/pbma/pbma.htm Mga pagmasid manongod sa PBMA,Inc.]{{Dead link|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Kinua 26-07-13 * [https://www.facebook.com/pages/PBMA-Philippine-Benevolent-Missionaries-Association-Inc/164539570224244 Facebook account kan PBMA,Inc.] Kinua 26-07-13 == Toltolan == {{reflist}} {{stub}} [[Kategorya: Mga kultong relihiyoso sa Filipinas]] smipn1ga6q9ikehwfrg0ksjvir6oval 0 11650 289859 288936 2025-06-19T04:23:22Z 2806:2F0:55C1:CC29:A0A2:EABE:FB8B:EA0C 289859 wikitext text/x-wiki [[ladawan:Bird Diversity 2013.png|300px|thumb|Mga gamgam napipisan sa iba-ibang [[Order]]]] An mga '''gamgam''' (Aves) iyo idtong mga balukagon, duwang-bitisan asin naghihilomlom-sugok na mga [[hayop]]; sinda napipisan sa inaapod na mga vertebrates. An mga ini iyo an may dakol na sarì na nabubuhay, mala ta tinatayang sinda nagbibilang sampulong ribo. An mga gamgam nasasakop kan subklaseng [[Neornithes]], nabubuhay warak nanggad sa kinaban asin may tamanyong napoon sa sadit-sadit na nasukol 5 [[sentimetro]] (2 [[pulgada]]) sana arog kan inaapod na [[Bee Hummingbird]] abot sa dakulang gamgam na inaapod Ostrich nagsusukol na 2.75 [[metro]] (9 na [[pye]]). Tinutubod na an mga gamgam nagbutwa sa panahon kan theropod [[Dinosaur|dinosaurs]] kan periodong [[Jura|Jurassic]], mga 150 [[milyon]] na taon nakaagi. {{Clade|style={{clade |label1=[[Palaeognathae]] |1={{clade |label1=Struthionimorphae |1=[[Struthioniformes]] ([[ostrich]]es)<ref name="Boyd">{{cite web| website=John Boyd's website |last=Boyd|first=John|year=2007|title=''NEORNITHES: 46 Orders'' |url=http://jboyd.net/Taxo/Orders.pdf |access-date= 30 December 2017}}{{unreliable source|date=January 2019}}</ref> |label2=[[Notopalaeognathae]] |2={{Clade |1={{Clade |label1=Rheimorphae |1=[[Rheiformes]] ([[Rhea (bird)|rheas]]) |label2=[[Novaeratitae]] |2={{Clade |1=[[Casuariiformes]] ([[cassowaries]] & [[emu]]s) |2={{Clade |1=[[Apterygiformes]] ([[Kiwi (gamgam)|kiwi]]) |2=†[[Aepyornithiformes]] ([[Aepyornis|elephant birds]]) }} }} }} |label2=Tinamimorphae |2={{clade |1=†[[Dinornithiformes]] ([[moa]]s) |2={{clade |1=†[[Lithornithiformes]] (false tinamous) |2=[[Tinamiformes]] ([[tinamu]]) }} }} }} }} |label2=[[Neognathae]] |2={{clade |label1=[[Galloanseres]] |1={{clade |label1=Gallomorphae |1=[[Galliformes]] (landfowl) |label2=[[Odontoanserae]] |2={{clade |1=†[[Odontopterygiformes]] |label2=[[Anserimorphae]] |2={{clade |1={{clade |1=†[[Vegaviiformes]]<ref name="worthyetal2017">{{cite journal | last1 = Worthy | first1 = T.H. | last2 = Degrange | first2 = F.J. | last3 = Handley | first3 = W.D. | last4 = Lee | first4 = M.S.Y. | year = 2017 | title = The evolution of giant flightless birds and novel phylogenetic relationships for extinct fowl (Aves, Galloanseres) | journal = Royal Society Open Science | volume = 11 | issue = 10 | doi = 10.1098/rsos.170975 | page = 170975 | pmid = 29134094 | pmc = 5666277 | bibcode = 2017RSOS....470975W | doi-access = free }}</ref> |2=†[[Gastornithiformes]] ([[Gastornis]]) }} |2=[[Anseriformes]] (waterfowl) }} }} }} |label2=[[Neoaves]] |2={{Clade |label1=[[Columbea]] |1={{Clade |label1=[[Mirandornithes]] |1={{Clade |1=[[Phoenicopteriformes]] (flamingoes) |2=[[Podicipediformes]] (grebes) }} |label2=[[Columbimorphae]] |2={{Clade |1={{Clade |1=[[Mesitornithiformes]] (mesites) |2=[[Pterocliformes]] (sandgrouse) }} |2=[[Columbiformes]] (pigeons) }} }} |label2=[[Passerea]] |2={{Clade |label1=[[Otidae]] |1={{Clade |label1=[[Otidimorphae]] |1={{Clade |1=[[Cuculiformes]] (cuckoos) |2={{Clade |1=[[Otidiformes]] (bustards) |2=[[Musophagiformes]] (turacos) }} }} |label2=[[Cypselomorphae]] |2={{Clade |1=[[Caprimulgiformes]] (nightjars) |2={{Clade |1=[[Nyctibiiformes]] ([[oilbird]]s & [[potoo]]s) |2={{Clade |1=[[Podargiformes]] ([[frogmouth]]s) |2={{Clade |1=[[Aegotheliformes]] ([[owlet-nightjar]]s) |2=[[Apodiformes]] ([[hummingbird]]s & [[Swift (bird)|swift]]s) }} }} }} }} }} |label2= |2={{Clade |label1=[[Gruae]] |1={{Clade |1=[[Opisthocomiformes]] (hoatzin) |label2=[[Cursorimorphae]] |2={{Clade |1=[[Gruiformes]] (rails and cranes) |2=[[Charadriiformes]] (shorebirds) }} }} |label2= |2={{Clade |label1=[[Ardeae]] |1={{Clade |label1=[[Phaethontimorphae]] |1={{Clade |1=[[Eurypygiformes]] (sunbittern, [[kagu]]) |2=[[Phaethontiformes]] (tropicbirds) }} |label2=[[Aequornithes]] |2={{clade |1=[[Gaviiformes]] (loons) |2={{Clade |label1=[[Austrodyptornithes]] |1={{Clade |1=[[Procellariiformes]] (albatross and petrels) |2=[[Sphenisciformes]] (penguins) }} |2={{Clade |1=[[Ciconiiformes]] (storks) |2={{Clade |1=[[Suliformes]] (boobies, [[cormorant]]s, etc.) |2=[[Pelecaniformes]] ([[pelican]]s, [[heron]]s & [[egret]]s) }} }} }} }} }} |label2=[[Telluraves]] |2={{Clade |label1=[[Afroaves]] |1={{Clade |label1=[[Accipitrimorphae]] |1={{Clade |1=[[Cathartiformes]] (condors and New World vultures) |2=[[Accipitriformes]] (hawks, eagles, vultures, etc.) }} |label2= |2={{Clade |1=[[Strigiformes]] (owls) |label2=[[Coraciimorphae]] |2={{Clade |1=[[Coliiformes]] (mousebirds) |sublabel2={{clade label|[[Cavitaves]]}} |2={{Clade |1=[[Leptosomiformes]] (cuckoo roller) |sublabel2={{clade label|[[Eucavitaves]]}} |2={{Clade |1=[[Trogoniformes]] (trogons) |sublabel2={{clade label|[[Picocoraciae]]}} |2={{Clade |1=[[Bucerotiformes]] (hornbills, hoopoe and wood hoopoes) |sublabel2={{clade label|[[Picodynastornithes]]}} |2={{Clade |1=[[Coraciiformes]] (kingfishers etc.) |2=[[Piciformes]] (woodpeckers etc.) }} }} }} }} }} }} }} |label2=[[Australaves]] |2={{Clade |1=[[Cariamiformes]] (seriemas) |label2=[[Eufalconimorphae]] |2={{Clade |1=[[Falconiformes]] (falcons) |label2=[[Psittacopasserae]] |2={{Clade |1=[[Psittaciformes]] (parrots) |2=[[Passeriformes]] (songbirds and kin) }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }}}} ==Mga panluwas na takod== * http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/avibase.jsp?lang=EN&pg=home Kinua 07-04-14 * http://www.birdlife.org/ Kinua 07-04-14 * http://people.eku.edu/ritchisong/birdbiogeography1.htm {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070304043432/http://people.eku.edu/ritchisong/birdbiogeography1.htm |date=2007-03-04 }} Kinua 07-04-14 * http://birds.audubon.org/ Kinua 07-04-14 ==Hilingon man== *[[Goura victoria]] * [[Indian peafowl]] == Toltolan == {{reflist}} {{poon}} [[Kategorya:Mga gamgam sa Filipinas]] [[Kategorya:Mga gamgam]] ken3w6zu16ui885ehrjjxuuubav1lxr 289861 289859 2025-06-19T04:27:57Z 2806:2F0:55C1:CC29:A0A2:EABE:FB8B:EA0C 289861 wikitext text/x-wiki [[ladawan:Bird Diversity 2013.png|300px|thumb|Mga gamgam napipisan sa iba-ibang [[Order]]]] An mga '''gamgam''' (Aves) iyo idtong mga balukagon, duwang-bitisan asin naghihilomlom-sugok na mga [[hayop]]; sinda napipisan sa inaapod na mga vertebrates. An mga ini iyo an may dakol na sarì na nabubuhay, mala ta tinatayang sinda nagbibilang sampulong ribo. An mga gamgam nasasakop kan subklaseng [[Neornithes]], nabubuhay warak nanggad sa kinaban asin may tamanyong napoon sa sadit-sadit na nasukol 5 [[sentimetro]] (2 [[pulgada]]) sana arog kan inaapod na [[Bee Hummingbird]] abot sa dakulang gamgam na inaapod Ostrich nagsusukol na 2.75 [[metro]] (9 na [[pye]]). Tinutubod na an mga gamgam nagbutwa sa panahon kan theropod [[Dinosaur|dinosaurs]] kan periodong [[Jura|Jurassic]], mga 150 [[milyon]] na taon nakaagi. {{Clade|style={{clade |label1=[[Palaeognathae]] |1={{clade |label1=Struthionimorphae |1=[[Struthioniformes]] ([[ostrich]]es)<ref name="Boyd">{{cite web| website=John Boyd's website |last=Boyd|first=John|year=2007|title=''NEORNITHES: 46 Orders'' |url=http://jboyd.net/Taxo/Orders.pdf |access-date= 30 December 2017}}{{unreliable source|date=January 2019}}</ref> |label2=[[Notopalaeognathae]] |2={{Clade |1={{Clade |label1=Rheimorphae |1=[[Rheiformes]] ([[Rhea (bird)|rheas]]) |label2=[[Novaeratitae]] |2={{Clade |1=[[Casuariiformes]] ([[cassowaries]] & [[emu]]s) |2={{Clade |1=[[Apterygiformes]] ([[Kiwi (gamgam)|kiwi]]) |2=†[[Aepyornithiformes]] ([[Aepyornis|elephant birds]]) }} }} }} |label2=Tinamimorphae |2={{clade |1=†[[Dinornithiformes]] ([[moa]]s) |2={{clade |1=†[[Lithornithiformes]] (false tinamous) |2=[[Tinamiformes]] ([[tinamu]]) }} }} }} }} |label2=[[Neognathae]] |2={{clade |label1=[[Galloanseres]] |1={{clade |label1=Gallomorphae |1=[[Galliformes]] (landfowl) |label2=[[Odontoanserae]] |2={{clade |1=†[[Odontopterygiformes]] |label2=[[Anserimorphae]] |2={{clade |1={{clade |1=†[[Vegaviiformes]]<ref name="worthyetal2017">{{cite journal | last1 = Worthy | first1 = T.H. | last2 = Degrange | first2 = F.J. | last3 = Handley | first3 = W.D. | last4 = Lee | first4 = M.S.Y. | year = 2017 | title = The evolution of giant flightless birds and novel phylogenetic relationships for extinct fowl (Aves, Galloanseres) | journal = Royal Society Open Science | volume = 11 | issue = 10 | doi = 10.1098/rsos.170975 | page = 170975 | pmid = 29134094 | pmc = 5666277 | bibcode = 2017RSOS....470975W | doi-access = free }}</ref> |2=†[[Gastornithiformes]] ([[Gastornis]]) }} |2=[[Anseriformes]] (waterfowl) }} }} }} |label2=[[Neoaves]] |2={{Clade |label1=[[Columbea]] |1={{Clade |label1=[[Mirandornithes]] |1={{Clade |1=[[Phoenicopteriformes]] (flamingoes) |2=[[Podicipediformes]] (grebes) }} |label2=[[Columbimorphae]] |2={{Clade |1={{Clade |1=[[Mesitornithiformes]] (mesites) |2=[[Pterocliformes]] (sandgrouse) }} |2=[[Columbiformes]] (pigeons) }} }} |label2=[[Passerea]] |2={{Clade |label1=[[Otidae]] |1={{Clade |label1=[[Otidimorphae]] |1={{Clade |1=[[Cuculiformes]] (cuckoos) |2={{Clade |1=[[Otidiformes]] (bustards) |2=[[Musophagiformes]] (turacos) }} }} |label2=[[Cypselomorphae]] |2={{Clade |1=[[Caprimulgiformes]] (nightjars) |2={{Clade |1=[[Nyctibiiformes]] ([[oilbird]]s & [[potoo]]s) |2={{Clade |1=[[Podargiformes]] ([[frogmouth]]s) |2={{Clade |1=[[Aegotheliformes]] ([[owlet-nightjar]]s) |2=[[Apodiformes]] ([[hummingbird]]s & [[Swift (bird)|swift]]s) }} }} }} }} }} |label2= |2={{Clade |label1=[[Gruae]] |1={{Clade |1=[[Opisthocomiformes]] (hoatzin) |label2=[[Cursorimorphae]] |2={{Clade |1=[[Gruiformes]] (rails and cranes) |2=[[Charadriiformes]] (shorebirds) }} }} |label2= |2={{Clade |label1=[[Ardeae]] |1={{Clade |label1=[[Phaethontimorphae]] |1={{Clade |1=[[Eurypygiformes]] (sunbittern, [[kagu]]) |2=[[Phaethontiformes]] (tropicbirds) }} |label2=[[Aequornithes]] |2={{clade |1=[[Gaviiformes]] (loons) |2={{Clade |label1=[[Austrodyptornithes]] |1={{Clade |1=[[Procellariiformes]] (albatross and petrels) |2=[[Sphenisciformes]] (penguins) }} |2={{Clade |1=[[Ciconiiformes]] (storks) |2={{Clade |1=[[Suliformes]] (boobies, [[cormorant]]s, etc.) |2=[[Pelecaniformes]] ([[pelican]]s, [[heron]]s & [[egret]]s) }} }} }} }} }} |label2=[[Telluraves]] |2={{Clade |label1=[[Afroaves]] |1={{Clade |label1=[[Accipitrimorphae]] |1={{Clade |1=[[Cathartiformes]] (condors and New World vultures) |2=[[Accipitriformes]] (hawks, eagles, vultures, etc.) }} |label2= |2={{Clade |1=[[Strigiformes]] (owls) |label2=[[Coraciimorphae]] |2={{Clade |1=[[Coliiformes]] (mousebirds) |sublabel2={{clade label|[[Cavitaves]]}} |2={{Clade |1=[[Leptosomiformes]] (cuckoo roller) |sublabel2={{clade label|[[Eucavitaves]]}} |2={{Clade |1=[[Trogoniformes]] (trogons) |sublabel2={{clade label|[[Picocoraciae]]}} |2={{Clade |1=[[Bucerotiformes]] (hornbills, hoopoe and wood hoopoes) |sublabel2={{clade label|[[Picodynastornithes]]}} |2={{Clade |1=[[Coraciiformes]] (kingfishers etc.) |2=[[Piciformes]] (woodpeckers etc.) }} }} }} }} }} }} }} |label2=[[Australaves]] |2={{Clade |1=[[Cariamiformes]] (seriemas) |label2=[[Eufalconimorphae]] |2={{Clade |1=[[Falconiformes]] (falcons) |label2=[[Psittacopasserae]] |2={{Clade |1=[[Psittaciformes]] (parrots) |2=[[Passeriformes]] (songbirds and kin) }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }}}} ==Mga panluwas na takod== * http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/avibase.jsp?lang=EN&pg=home Kinua 07-04-14 * http://www.birdlife.org/ Kinua 07-04-14 * http://people.eku.edu/ritchisong/birdbiogeography1.htm {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070304043432/http://people.eku.edu/ritchisong/birdbiogeography1.htm |date=2007-03-04 }} Kinua 07-04-14 * http://birds.audubon.org/ Kinua 07-04-14 ==Hilingon man== *[[Goura victoria]] == Toltolan == {{reflist}} {{poon}} [[Kategorya:Mga gamgam sa Filipinas]] [[Kategorya:Mga gamgam]] 18ks1lo148bton99c18fa5vgrtsql18 0 12594 289863 277314 2025-06-19T04:39:22Z InternetArchiveBot 17127 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 289863 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Philtranco Marker.jpg|thumb|200px|Marker sa Museo]] An '''Philtranco Transport Heritage Museum''' sarong museo namumugtak sa barangay San Nicolas, [[Syudad nin Iriga]] na nagtatampok kan agi-agi kan pinakainot na transportasyon sa [[Filipinas]].<ref>Abuan, Hermie G. Philtranco, Transport Heritage Museum: ang nag-iisang museo ng transportasyon sa bansa. Kabayan September 28, 2000</ref> Ini iyo an A.L. Ammen Transportation Company, Inc., na tinugdas kan [[Hulyo 6]], [[1914]] kan sarong Amerikano, si Albert Louis Ammen. Ngunyan, an kompanyang ini dinadara nang pangaran na Philtranco Service Enterprises. Ining museo namukna kan Septyembre 3, 2000.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dapit sa agi-agi kan Philtranco |url=http://philtranco.net/about-us/ |access-date=2016-02-05 |archive-date=2016-01-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160116134116/http://philtranco.net/about-us/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> An museo iyo an solo-solong museo manungod sa transportasyon asin mayò pang ibang natugdas nin siring. Nasasaray digdi an mga gamit arog kan mga lumang makinilya, mga libro na hilingan kan mga mekaniko sa paghirahay nin awto, mga retrato kan mga inot na panahon nagpopoon-poon pa sana an ALATCO siring kan mga inot na awto kaini na an ruweda naggagamit pang gusok, mga retrato kan mga inot na kagsadiri kaini nagsurunod ki Ammen. Igdi sana nakukua an saro sa pipira na sanang kopya sa bilog na kinaban kan mahibogon na katalogo nin mga piyesa sa mga makinarya kan kompanyang Ford. ==ALATCO== An pagsasadiri kan ALATCO nalito sa iba-ibang mga pamilya asin negosyante sa saiyang halawig na agi-agi. Napugol an operasyon kan magbungkaras an [[Ikaduwang Gerang Pankinaban]]. Ini nagpadagos liwat kan operasyon kan taon 1945 sa [[Syudad nin Tabaco]], [[Albay]] alagad kan taon 1949 binakal kan D. Tuason, Inc., bagay na an pagrurugaring nalito na sa kamot nin Filipino. An parehong korporasyon binakal pa man an Bicol Transportation Company (BITRANCO) kan taon 1949 dangan an Consolidated Auto Lines (CAL) asin Mindoro Transportation Company (MINTRANCO) nabakal pa man kan kompaniyang ini kan taon 1954. Kan taon 1968, nasaro pa sa mga kompaniyang ini an Eastern Tayabas Bus Company (ETBCO). An pinagsararong mga kompaniyang ini sa transporte binakal gabos kan Mantrade Group of Companies kan taon 1971 asin an mga ini sinakop na sa bagong pangaran na Pantranco South Express Incorporated. Kan taon 1985, binago na an pangaran. Nagin nang Philtranco Service Enterprises.<ref>Impormasyon ginuno sa NHI Marker, 2000 Kinua 02-11-14</ref> ==Mga ladawan== <gallery> File:Philtranco Museum.jpg|Museo Philtranco File:Museo Philtranco Interior.jpg|Interior kan Museo Philtranco File:Ford Parts Catalogue 1 - Copy.jpg|Katalogo nin mga piyesa kan Ford </gallery> ==Mga panluwas na takod== * [http://philtranco.net Websityo kan Philtranco] * [http://jo.ramos.tripod.com/id23.html Iriga City, World]{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} == Toltolan == {{reflist}} {{poon}} [[Kategorya:Mga museo sa Filipinas]] [[Kategorya:Mga transportasyon sa Filipnas]] qxjpdnffv1r5pt7m999tmzphwuoly2o 0 12875 289829 282788 2025-06-18T19:02:41Z 2806:2F0:55C1:CC29:2471:F34C:5835:E870 289829 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ladawan:Medved_mzoo.jpg|thumb|250px]] An mga '''oso''' mga karniborong mamalya kan pamilyang Ursidae. Sinda pigklasipikar bilang mga caniform, o garo ayam na mga karniboro. Dawa ngani walong klase sana nin oso an yaon, sinda lakop, na naglalataw sa manlaen-laen na istaran sa kadaklan kan Norteng Hemispero asin sa parte kan Sur na Hemispero. An mga oso makukua sa mga [[kontinente]] nin Amerika del Norte, Amerika del Sur, asin Eurasia. An mga komun na karakteristiko kan mga modernong oso kabali an darakulang hawak na may matagas na mga tabay, halabang nguso, saradit na bilog na talinga, balbas na buhok, plantigrade na mga kuko na may limang dai nababaak na kuko, asin halipot na ikog. * [[Asian black bear]] {{stub}} [[Kategorya:Mga hayop]] oiuuhdtxjtgv9s4fylstgcpavkpyjyo 289831 289829 2025-06-18T19:09:05Z 2806:2F0:55C1:CC29:2471:F34C:5835:E870 289831 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ladawan:Medved_mzoo.jpg|thumb|250px]] An mga '''oso''' mga karniborong mamalya kan pamilyang Ursidae. Sinda pigklasipikar bilang mga caniform, o garo ayam na mga karniboro. Dawa ngani walong klase sana nin oso an yaon, sinda lakop, na naglalataw sa manlaen-laen na istaran sa kadaklan kan Norteng Hemispero asin sa parte kan Sur na Hemispero. An mga oso makukua sa mga [[kontinente]] nin Amerika del Norte, Amerika del Sur, asin Eurasia. An mga komun na karakteristiko kan mga modernong oso kabali an darakulang hawak na may matagas na mga tabay, halabang nguso, saradit na bilog na talinga, balbas na buhok, plantigrade na mga kuko na may limang dai nababaak na kuko, asin halipot na ikog. {{stub}} [[Kategorya:Mga hayop]] 0ylk3zj2ryb2ms5twkktp1wmzbio9ca 2 15974 289857 289828 2025-06-19T03:12:43Z Như Gây Mê 23269 Reverted 1 edit by [[Special:Contributions/102.90.98.231|102.90.98.231]] ([[User talk:102.90.98.231|talk]]): Rvv vandalism (TwinkleGlobal) 289857 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="position: relative; width:100%; max-width:750px; height:100%; margin: auto; overflow: hidden;"> <div style="position: absolute; z-index: 2; top: 0em; width: 100%; background-color: transparent; color:white; text-align:center; text-shadow: -1px 0 black, 0 1px black, 1px 0 black, 0 -1px black; padding-top: 2em; font-family:'Palatino Linotype',Palatino,serif; font-size:17px; font-style:italic;"> {{#invoke:random|item|same=yes |1=Kun igwang isinangat! igwang magagawad. |2=Lambang pangpang! igwang kahampang. |3=An maraot sa imo dai mo na gibohon sa iba. (Ang masama sa iyo huwag mo na gawin sa iba.) |4=An kahigusan tugang nin kayamanan. (Kapatid ng kayamanan ang kasipagan) |5=An dai magsalingoy sa pinaghalean! dai makakaabot sa padudumanan |6=An matakot sa doron, dai aanihon. |7= Ubos ubos biyaya, pagka-aga tingala. |8=Natatago ang kayamanan, dai an kapobrehan. |9=An helang nabobolong, dai an kagadanan. |10=An dilang matarom, kun nakalugad hararom. }}</div> <div class="potd-image" style="width:100%; height:100%; font-family:'Trebuchet MS', Verdana, sans-serif;"><div style="position: relative; max-width:750px; margin: auto; overflow: hidden;"><div style="position: absolute; z-index: 2; bottom: 0em; width: 100%; background-color: Black; opacity: 0.85;"><div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="padding: .3em; color:#eee;"><div class="plainlinks" style="font-weight: normal; background-color:Red; text-align:center; padding: .1em;"><span style="padding-right: 1em;">[[File:Reload icon.svg|20px|link={{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|action=purge}} |{{#ifeq:{{int:edit}}|Liwaton|purgahon an pahiná na ini|purge this page}}]]</span> <span style="color:#eee">[[Special:Prefixindex/Paragamit:ShiminUfesoj/|<span style="color:#eee;" title="{{#ifeq:{{int:edit}}|Liwaton|An sakong subpahiná|My subpages}}">{{#ifeq:{{int:edit}}|Liwaton|Subpahiná|Subpages}}</span>]] '''·''' [{{fullurl:Special:ListUsers|limit=1&username=ShiminUfesoj}} <span style="color:#eee;" title="{{#ifeq:{{int:edit}}|Liwaton|An sakong akses lebel|My user access level}}">{{#ifeq:{{int:edit}}|Liwaton|Mga karapatán|Rights}}</span>] '''·''' [//tools.wmflabs.org/xtools-ec/?user=ShiminUfesoj&project=bcl.wikipedia <span style="color:#eee;" title="{{#ifeq:{{int:edit}}|Liwaton|Sakong mga naliwat|My edits}}">{{#ifeq:{{int:edit}}|Liwaton|Mga naliwat|Edits}}</span>] '''·''' [//tools.wmflabs.org/sigma/summary.py?name=ShiminUfesoj&server=bclwiki <span style="color:#eee;" title="{{#ifeq:{{int:edit}}|Liwaton|Hanapón an Sumaryo kan sakong mga naliwat|Search my edit summaries}}">{{#ifeq:{{int:edit}}|Liwaton|Mga Sumaryo|Summaries}}</span>] '''·''' [//tools.wmflabs.org/xtools/pages/index.php?name=ShiminUfesoj&lang=bcl&wiki=wikipedia&namespace=0&redirects=noredirects <span style="color:#eee;" title="{{#ifeq:{{int:edit}}|Liwaton|Mga artikulo na sakong ginibo|Articles I created}}">{{#ifeq:{{int:edit}}|Liwaton|Piggibo|Created}}</span>] '''·''' [//tools.wmflabs.org/guc/?user=ShiminUfesoj&blocks=true <span style="color:#eee;" title="{{#ifeq:{{int:edit}}|Liwaton|Sakong mga global na kaarambagan|My global contributions}}">{{#ifeq:{{int:edit}}|Liwaton|Kaarambagan|Contributions}}</span>] '''·''' [[Special:CentralAuth/ShiminUfesoj|<span style="color:#eee;" title="{{#ifeq:{{int:edit}}|Liwaton|Dagiti pakabilangak|My global account information}}">{{#ifeq:{{int:edit}}|Liwaton|Mga Account|Accounts}}</span>]]</span></div><div class="mw-collapsible-content" style="border-top: .1em solid #9d9d9d; padding: 1em 1em 1em 1em; margin-top: .3em;"> <div class="nomobile"><div style="float: right; color: #222222;">{{{1|}}}</div> {{#ifeq:{{int:edit}}|Liwaton|Mga ibang account nin mga paragamit|My other user accounts}}: <!--Other texts goes here instead, such as othe user accounts, etc--> {{Font color|Red|MGA ONRA ASIN PAMIDBID}} [[File:Sili Barnstar.png|50px|Sili Barnstar]] {{font color|yellow|Sili Barnstar}} {{Paragamit WikiProyekto Tataramon}} {{Paragamit WLEPH}} {{Paragamit Kinaban}} {{Plantilya:Para-ambag sa Philippine Climate Change Translate-a-thon 2021}} {{Plantilya:Para-ambag sa Art and Feminism in the Philippines Edit-a-thon 2020}} {{Plantilya:Para-ambag sa Art and Feminism in the Philippines Edit-a-thon 2021}} </div> <div style="clear: both;"></div> </div></div></div> [[Ladawan:{{{2|Sunset in San miguel bay.jpg|Sunset in San miguel bay}}}|750px]]</div></div></div> olg1hd6iy8xlkrodzu03r7v7yi4iwae 0 18548 289869 178887 2025-06-19T07:40:52Z InternetArchiveBot 17127 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 289869 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Hatnote|Dai ini ikaribong sa [[tataramon na Kubu]] na natibong pig-aapod na Rimba.}} {{Infobox language |name=Rimba |nativename=Irimba |states=[[Gabon]] |region= |ethnicity=[[Mga tawo nin Rimba|Mga Pigme nin Barimba]] |speakers=? |familycolor=Dae Maklasipikar |iso3=mayo |glotto=mayo }} An '''Rimba''' (Irimba) sarong barayti nin pagtaram kan [[mga tawo nin Rimba|Babongo-Rimba]] pygmies kan [[Gabon]]. Pangkagabsan na pigkokonsiderar na sarong diyalektos kan [[Tataramon na Punu|Punu]], pwedeining ipreserba bilang ''core'' o pinakaloob-lobb kan bukabularyong bakong-Bantu, dangan nagin konserbatibo na kaipuhan na ikonsiderar na dae maklasipikar.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ddl.ish-lyon.cnrs.fr/equipes/index.asp?Langue=EN&Equipe=50&Page=Themes|title=DDL : CLHASS - Themes and actions|website=www.ddl.ish-lyon.cnrs.fr|access-date=2017-01-22|archive-date=2017-12-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171224102142/http://www.ddl.ish-lyon.cnrs.fr/equipes/index.asp?Langue=EN&Equipe=50&Page=Themes|dead-url=yes}}</ref> ==Mga Toltolan== {{Reflist}} * [http://www.ddl.ish-lyon.cnrs.fr/equipes/index.asp?Langue=EN&Equipe=50&Page=Themes "Towards a new classification of African languages"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171224102142/http://www.ddl.ish-lyon.cnrs.fr/equipes/index.asp?Langue=EN&Equipe=50&Page=Themes |date=2017-12-24 }}, ''Linguistic Contribution to the History of Sub-Saharan Africa,'' University of Lyons {{Mga tataramon na Pigme}} [[Kategorya:Mga tataramon kan Gabon]] [[Kategorya:Mga tataramon na dae maklasipikar kan Aprika]] {{nigerCongo-lang-stub}} q09emhq177mme51mfcnbdecugp5cn5m 0 18641 289865 260075 2025-06-19T06:01:59Z InternetArchiveBot 17127 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 289865 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement|blank2_name|name=Rīga|native_name=Rīga|native_name_lang=lv|settlement_type=[[List of cities and towns in Latvia|City]]|image_skyline=Riga montage.jpg|imagesize=280px|image_alt=|image_caption=From top, left to right: the [[Freedom Monument]], the [[Riga City Council]] building, the [[House of the Blackheads]], Līvu Square, and the [[Latvian National Opera]]|image_flag=Flag of Riga.svg|image_shield=Coat of Arms of Riga.svg|map_alt=|mapsize=|pushpin_map_caption=Location within Latvia##Location within the Baltics##Location within Europe|pushpin_map=Latvia#Baltic states#Europe|pushpin_relief=1|subdivision_type=[[List of sovereign states|Country]]|subdivision_name={{LVA}}|government_footnotes=<ref name="council">{{cite web |url=http://www.riga.lv/EN/Channels/Riga_Municipality/Riga_City_Council/default.htm |title=Riga City Council |publisher=Riga City Council |accessdate=22 July 2009 |archive-date=25 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225141932/https://www.riga.lv/lv |dead-url=yes }}</ref>|government_type=City council|leader_title=Mayor|leader_name=[[Nils Ušakovs]]|area_magnitude=1 E+6|area_footnotes=&nbsp;(''2002'')<ref name="figures">{{cite web |url=http://www.riga.lv/EN/Channels/About_Riga/Riga_in_numbers/default.htm |title=Riga in Figures |accessdate=2 August 2007 |publisher=[[Riga City Council]] |archive-date=10 August 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070810132246/http://www.riga.lv/EN/Channels/About_Riga/Riga_in_numbers/default.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref>|area_total_km2=324|area_land_km2=275.5|area_water_km2=48.50|area_water_percent=15.8|area_metro_km2=10133|population_as_of=''2018''|population_footnotes=<ref name="population">{{cite web |url=http://data.csb.gov.lv/pxweb/lv/iedz/iedz__riga/RIG010.px/table/tableViewLayout1/?rxid=5fc39940-d36b-4c77-b501-eca71fc108d2 |title=RESIDENT POPULATION BY STATISTICAL REGION, CITY AND COUNTY|publisher=Centrālā statistikas pārvalde |accessdate=7 Jan 2019}}</ref>|population_total=637 827|population_density_km2=auto|population_urban=939,325<ref>http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=urb_lpop1&lang=en</ref>|population_metro=1,070,201|population_metro_footnotes=<ref>https://www.geo.lu.lv/fileadmin/user_upload/lu_portal/projekti/gzzf/Konferences/EGEA/Krisjane_Zira_Rigas_aglomeracija.pdf#page=10</ref>|population_density_metro_km2=101.4|population_blank1_title=[[Demonym]]|population_blank1=''Rīdzinieki''|demographics_type1=Ethnicity|demographics1_footnotes=&nbsp;(''2018'')<ref name="ethnicity">{{cite web|url=http://data.csb.gov.lv/pxweb/lv/Sociala/Sociala__ikgad__iedz__iedzskaits/IS0191.px/table/tableViewLayout1/?rxid=992a0682-2c7d-4148-b242-7b48ff9fe0c2 |title=Table ISG191. RESIDENT POPULATION BY ETHNICITY AND BY STATISTICAL REGION AND CITY AT THE BEGINNING OF THE YEAR 2018|publisher=Central Statistical Bureau of Latvia |accessdate=24 July 2018}}</ref>|demographics1_title1=[[Latvian people|Latvians]]|demographics1_info1=47.0%|demographics1_title2=[[Russians]]|demographics1_info2=36.8%|demographics1_title3=[[Belarusians]]|demographics1_info3=3.7%|demographics1_title4=[[Ukrainians]]|demographics1_info4=3.4%|demographics1_title5=[[Poles]]|demographics1_info5=1.8%|demographics1_title6=[[Lithuanians]]|demographics1_info6=0.8%|demographics1_title7=[[Romanies]]|demographics1_info7=0.1%|timezone1=EET|utc_offset1=+2|timezone1_DST=EEST|utc_offset1_DST=+3|blank_name=GDP(nominal)|blank_info=2015<ref>{{cite web|url=https://data1.csb.gov.lv/pxweb/en/ekfin/ekfin__ikp__reg/IKG10_110.px/table/tableViewLayout1/?rxid=dcc30576-1e14-481f-a372-9698956b3f68|title=2.1. Gross Domestic Product – Stratēģijas Uzraudzības Sistēma|author=|date=|work=sus.lv}}</ref><ref>https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2018/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2015&ey=2015&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&pr1.x=40&pr1.y=20&c=941&s=PPPEX&grp=0&a=</ref>|blank1_name=&nbsp;- Total|blank1_info=€13.2 billion($27 billion, [[Purchasing power parity|PPP]])|blank2_name=&nbsp;- Per capita|blank2_info=€20,550($41,400, [[Purchasing power parity|PPP]])|blank3_name=[[Human Development Index|HDI]] (2017)|blank3_info=0.878<ref>https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/</ref> – <span style="color:#090;">very high</span>|coordinates={{coord|56|56|56|N|24|6|23|E|display=inline,title}}|area_code_type=[[Telephone numbers in Latvia|Calling codes]]|area_code=66 and 67|website=[http://www.riga.lv/ www.riga.lv]}}{{Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site|Name=Historic Centre of Riga|Image=[[File:Edificios en la Plaza del Mercado, Riga, Letonia, 2012-08-07, DD 02.JPG|250px|The Old Town of Riga]]|Caption=The old town of Riga|Criteria=Cultural: i, ii|ID=852|Year=1997|Area=438.3 ha|Buffer_zone=1,574.2 ha}}'''Riga''' (/ˈriːɡə/; Latvian: Rīga <span class="IPA" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈriːɡa]</span>&#x20;<span class="nowrap" style="font-size:85%">(<span class="unicode haudio"><span class="fn"><span style="white-space:nowrap;margin-right:.25em;">[[File:Loudspeaker.svg|link=File:Lv-Rīga.ogg|11x11px|About this sound]]</span>[[Media:Lv-Rīga.ogg|listen]]</span></span>)</span>, Livonian: Rīgõ) an kapitolyo asin pinakadakulang syudad sa [[Latbya|Latvia]]. Na igwang 637,827 nakaistar (2018),ini man an pinakadakulang syudad sa tolong estado nin Baltic, istaran kan katulohan nin populasyon kan Latvia's asin kasampoloan nin tolong estado nin Baltic kun susumahon.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.li.lv/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=12&Itemid=1060|title=Latvia in Brief|publisher=Latvian Institute|accessdate=5 November 2011|archive-date=26 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226035413/http://www.li.lv/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=12&Itemid=1060|dead-url=yes}}</ref> An syudad nasa Gulf of Riga, sa bunganga kan Daugava. An teritoryo kan Riga territory sakop an 307.17 km2 (118.60 sq mi) asin nasa 1–10 m (3 ft 3 in–32 ft 10 in) taas kan lebel kadagatan,<ref name="RigaMunicipality">{{Cite web|url=http://www.riga.lv/EN/Channels/About_Riga/default.htm|title=Riga Municipality Portal|publisher=Copyright © 2003–2009, www.riga.lv/LV/Channels/ Riga Municipality|accessdate=27 July 2009|archive-date=28 August 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110828172049/http://www.riga.lv/EN/Channels/About_Riga/default.htm|dead-url=yes}}</ref> sa patag asin mabaybay na kadagaan .<ref name="RigaMunicipality" /> == Mga toltolan == <references group=""></references> [[Kategorya:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 5p19dvdpnfzpngi7aentolul07ytmcp 0 26938 289870 289569 2025-06-19T08:02:57Z InternetArchiveBot 17127 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 289870 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ladawan:Skipjack_tuna_(Katsuwonus_pelamis)_in_a_Philippine_fish_market.jpg|thumb|Turingan saro sa tinitinda igdi sa pinas]] [[Ladawan:3845Tulingan Alumahan textures 09.jpg|thumb|Payo kan turingan]] [[Ladawan:Inihaw na turingan.jpg|thumb|'''inihaw na turingan''']] An '''turingan''' ([[Ingles]]: ''tuna''; [[Tagalog]]: ''tulingan'') iyo sarong [[sira]] sa maasgad na tubig na kabali sa tribong '''Thunnini''', sarong subgrupo nin pamilyang Scombridae (mackerel). == Mga espesye == '''Bagoong turingan''' * ''Euthynnus affinis'' '''Turingan''' * ''Auxis thazard thazard'' * ''Euthynnus affinis'' * ''Katsuwonus pelamis'' * ''Sarda orientalis'' * ''Auxis rochei rochei'' * ''Auxis thazard thazard'' * ''Scomberomorus semifasciatus'' * ''Thunnus alalunga'' * ''Thunnus albacares'' * ''Thunnus obesus'' * ''Thunnus tonggol'' * ''Lutjanus monostigma'' * ''Thunnus orientalis'' '''Turingan lapad''' * ''Auxis thazard thazard'' '''Turingan puti''' * ''Euthynnus affinis'' '''Turigang puti''' * ''Euthynnus affinis'' ==Padagos na pagbasa== {{Commons category|Scombridae}} {{Cookbook}} * [https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/extinction-countdown/bluefin-tuna-chinese-cobra-and-others-added-to-red-list-of-threatened-species/ Bluefin Tuna, Chinese Cobra and Others Added to Red List of Threatened Species], Scientific American, 18 Nobyembre 2014 * [https://www.nsf.gov/news/news_summ.jsp?cntn_id=104543&org=NSF&from=news How Hot Tuna (and Some Sharks) Stay Warm] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210420141808/https://www.nsf.gov/news/news_summ.jsp?cntn_id=104543&org=NSF&from=news |date=2021-04-20 }} National Science Foundation, 27 Oktubre 2005 {{poon}} [[Kategorya:Mga sira sa Filipinas]] 80b494bjczgp15hficd928lezq4knyi 1 27328 289847 213654 2025-06-19T00:59:26Z Crystal East 25362 Crystal East pinagbalyo an pahina [[Olay:Kinaban]] pasiring sa [[Olay:Kinaban (planeta)]] 213654 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WikiProyekto banner shell|blp=no|1= {{BW 2021-2|klase=poon|importansya=Halangkaw}} }} m1aoy4xjs62zb8gte33qlaylog4t7nj 0 37237 289856 234097 2025-06-19T03:08:20Z InternetArchiveBot 17127 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 289856 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox artist |name = Max Abramovitz |image = |caption = |nationality = [[Estados Unidos|Amerikano]] |birth_name = |birth_date = {{Birth date|1908|5|23}} |birth_place = [[Chicago, Illinois]], E.U. |death_date = {{Death date and age|2004|9|12|1908|5|23}} |death_place = [[Pound Ridge, New York]], E.U. |alma_mater = [[University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign]], [[Columbia University]] School of Architecture, [[École des Beaux-Arts]] |practice = [[Harrison & Abramovitz]] |significant_buildings= [[David Geffen Hall]], [[Avery Fisher Hall]], [[Phoenix Life Insurance Company Building]] |significant_projects = |significant_design = |awards = Residente kan American Academy sa Roma (RAAR 1961) }} [[File:Phoenix Mutual Life Insurance Building, Hartford CT - edge.JPG|right|250px|thumb|[[Phoenix Life Insurance Company Building]], [[Hartford, Connecticut]], 1963]] [[File:Avery Fisher Hall.jpg|thumb|250px|David Geffen Hall, formerly known as Avery Fisher Hall at Lincoln Center.]] [[File:Hilles Library, Radcliffe Quadrangle - IMG 9048-1.JPG|thumb|250px|right|Hilles Library, [[Quadrangle (Harvard)|Radcliffe Quadrangle]], [[Harvard University]]]] [[File:Phoenix Mutual Life Insurance Building, Hartford CT - side.JPG|thumb|250px|Phoenix Mutual Life Insurance Building]] Si '''Max Abramovitz''' (Mayo 23, 1908 – Septyembre 12, 2004) Amerikanong [[arkitekto]]. Siya midbid na gayo kan saiyang trabaho sa siyudad nin [[Nweba York]] sa kompanyang [[Harrison & Abramovitz]]. == Buhay == Si Abramovitz aki kan mga magurang niyang Rumanong Hudyo na emigrante. Siya nagtapos adal kan 1929 sa [[University of Illinois sa Urbana-Champaign]] School of Architecture. Kan siya [[Junior (education year)|Junior]] sa Illinois, si Abramovitz sarong myembro sa [[Tau Epsilon Phi]] fraternity.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/illio192935univ|title=Illio|year=1929|editor-last=Friedl, Jr.|editor-first=John L.|location=Champaign, Illinois|pages=[https://archive.org/details/illio192935univ/page/472 472]|type=College yearbook}}</ref> Ngapit siya nakaresibi kan saiyang M.S. hale sa eskwelahan sa arkitektura sa [[Columbia University]] kan 1931. Siya kagresibi man nin 2-taon na fellowship sa [[École des Beaux-Arts]] sa Paris bago siya nag'ule sa Estados Unidos na kun saen siya nangagin kabakas ni [[Wallace Harrison]] poon 1941 abot 1976. Kan 1961, siya sarong imbitadong residente (RAAR) sa American Academy sa Roma. Si Abramovitz nagadan kan Septyembre 2004 sa [[Pound Ridge, New York]], sa edad na 96. An saiyang mga obra kinakapotan ngonyan kan [[Avery Architectural and Fine Arts Library]] sa [[Columbia University]].<ref name="NYT">{{cite news|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9E0DE3D91130F936A2575AC0A9629C8B63|title=Max Abramovitz, 96, Dies, Architect of Avery Fisher Hall|author=Kennedy|first=Randy|date=15 September 2004|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=1 Jan 2020|url-access=limited}}</ref> Si Abramovitz nagawadan man nin honoraryong Doktorado sa Fine Arts kan University of Illinois kan 1970. == Trabaho == ===Brandeis University=== [[File:Slosberg Music Center, Brandeis University.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Slosberg Music Center]] Si Abramovitz sarong amigo asin estudyante ni [[Abram L. Sachar]], presidente kan [[Brandeis University]], na pigkua siya ngani magtrabaho sa saiyang kampus.<ref name="BrandeisU01" /> Sa laog nin 30 taon si Abramovitz iyo an namahala kan pagplano kan unibersidad, saro siyang University Fellow asin nagserbi sa Board of Overseers and the Creative Arts Commission.<ref name="BrandeisU01" /> Si Abramovitz iyo an nagdesenyo kan mayoriya kan mga edipisyo sa laog kan kampus nin Brandeis" durante kan mga mid-1950, kabarali diyan an:<ref name="BrandeisU01">{{cite web |title=Building Brandeis: Style and Function of a University |url=https://lts.brandeis.edu/research/archives-speccoll/exhibits/building/Max.html |website=Brandeis University |publisher=Brandeis University |access-date=20 January 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200812154014/https://lts.brandeis.edu/research/archives-speccoll/exhibits/building/Max.html|archivedate=12 August 2020}}</ref> * The Three Chapels, 1955<ref name="Brandeis50">{{cite book |last1=Bernstein |first1=Gerald S |title=Building & Campus: An Architectural Celebration of Brandeis University 50th Anniversary |date=1999 |publisher=Brandeis University Office of Publications |isbn=0-9620545-1-8 |pages=34–37}}</ref><ref name="BrandeisU02">{{cite web |title=The Three Chapels |url=https://lts.brandeis.edu/research/archives-speccoll/exhibits/building/Chapels.html |website=Building Brandeis |publisher=Brandeis University |access-date=20 January 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160428115211/https://lts.brandeis.edu/research/archives-speccoll/exhibits/building/Chapels.html|archivedate=28 April 2016}}</ref> * Slosberg Music Center, 1957<ref name="BrandeisU01" /> * Pearlman Hall, 1957<ref name="BrandeisU00">{{cite web |title=Style of a Campus |url=https://lts.brandeis.edu/research/archives-speccoll/exhibits/building/style.html |website=Building Brandeis |publisher=Brandeis University |access-date=20 January 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200812142228/https://lts.brandeis.edu/research/archives-speccoll/exhibits/building/style.html|archivedate=12 August 2020}}</ref> * The [[Rose Art Museum]], 1961<ref name="Brandeis50" /> ===Iba pang mga trabaho=== * Jerome Greene Hall<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.wikicu.com/Jerome_Greene_Hall|title=Jerome Greene Hall - WikiCU, the Columbia University wiki encyclopedia|website=www.wikicu.com|access-date=2016-11-23}}</ref> sa Columbia University, New York, 1961 * [[David Geffen Hall]] sa [[Lincoln Center]], orihinalmente inapod naPhilharmonic Hall, asin ngapit inapod nang [[Avery Fisher Hall]], New York City, 1962 * Tolong edipisyo sa University of Illinois sa Urbana-Champaign, kabali diyan an 1963 [[State Farm Center]] (dati Assembly Hall), kan panahon kaidto iyo an pinakadakulang domo sa kinaban, na 400 pye an diametro asin nalangkaw 128 pye hale sa salog, an 1969 [[Krannert Center for the Performing Arts]], asin an [[Hillel: The Foundation for Jewish Campus Life|Hillel]] nas edipisyo * [[Phoenix Life Insurance Company Building]], [[Hartford, Connecticut]], 1963 * [[Temple Beth Zion (Buffalo, New York)|Temple Beth Zion]], [[Buffalo, New York]], 1967 [http://www.jbuff.com/Temple%20Beth%20Zion.htm images] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220817235709/http://www.jbuff.com/Temple%20Beth%20Zion.htm |date=2022-08-17 }} * an [[University of Iowa Museum of Art]], asin an Arts Campus of the [[University of Iowa]], [[Iowa City]], [[Iowa]], 1968 sagkod sa presente * an International Affairs Building sa Columbia University, New York, 1970<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.wikicu.com/International_Affairs_Building|title=International Affairs Building - WikiCU, the Columbia University wiki encyclopedia|website=www.wikicu.com|access-date=2016-11-23}}</ref> * an [[U.S. Steel Tower]] (apod man, USX Tower) [[Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania|Pittsburgh]], [[Pennsylvania]], 1970 * [[National City Tower]], [[Louisville, Kentucky]], 1972 * an [[Tour Gan]], [[La Defense]], [[Paris]], Pransya, 1974 * an [[Learning Research and Development Center]] na edipisyo, [[University of Pittsburgh]], 1974 * [[One SeaGate]], [[Toledo, Ohio]], 1982 (komo, Abramovitz, Harris & Kingsland) * [[AEP Building]], [[Columbus, Ohio]], 1983 (komo, Abramovitz, Harris & Kingsland) * [[Capitol Square (skyscraper)|Capitol Square]], [[Columbus, Ohio]], 1984 (komo, Abramovitz, Harris & Kingsland) * an [[Hilles Library]], bagong erokan kan [[Radcliffe College]] Library sa [[Harvard University|Harvard]] *an [[Rockefeller Center]], sa New York City, asin siya nagdesenyo kan interior kan [[Radio City Music Hall]] sa Rockefeller Center. Dapit sa Hiron Klasikal, siya nagmukna man nin mga simetrikal na desenyo para sa [[Embassy of the United States, New Delhi]] kan 1954, asin kan [[John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts|Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts]] 1961, sa Washington.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Illustrated Dictionary of Architecture|last=Burden|first=Ernest|publisher=The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc.|year=2012|isbn=978-0-07-177293-8|location=China|pages=2}}</ref> ==Toltolan== <references /> ==Mga panluwas na takod== *[https://www.nytimes.com/2004/09/15/arts/15abramovitz.html Obituary from ''New York Times'', 15 Sep 2004] *[http://www.nyc-architecture.com/ARCH/ARCH-HarrisonAbramovitz.htm New York Architects Profile] *[http://www.emporis.com/en/cd/cm/?id=101092 Information on Harrison, Abramovitz, & Abbe] - from Emporis.com *[http://www.emporis.com/en/cd/cm/?id=100093 Information on Harrison & Abramovitz (the firm's earlier incarnation)] - from Emporis.com *[https://findingaids.library.columbia.edu/ead/nnc-a/ldpd_3459530 Max Abramovitz Architectural Records and Papers, 1926-1995].[http://library.columbia.edu/locations/avery/da.html/ Held by the Department of Drawings & Archives], [http://library.columbia.edu/locations/avery.html/ Avery Architectural & Fine Arts Library, Columbia University]. *[http://archrecord.construction.com/news/daily/archives/040917avery.asp Architect Max Abramowitz, Designer of Avery Fisher Hall at Lincoln Center, Dies (Architectural Record, September 17, 2004)] {{Authority control}} {{poon}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Abramovitz, Max}} [[Kategorya:Mga 1908 na kamundagan]] [[Kategorya:Mga 2004 na kagadanan]] [[Kategorya:Mga Hudyong arkitekto]] [[Kategorya:Mga Amerikanong may dugong Rumano-Hudyo]] [[Kategorya:Mga nagtapos sa Columbia Graduate School of Architecture, Planning and Preservation]] [[Kategorya:Mga Modernistang arkitekto]] [[Kategorya:Mga nagtapos sa University of Illinois School of Architecture]] [[Kategorya:Tau Epsilon Phi]] [[Kategorya:Mga Arkitekto haleng New York City]] [[Kategorya:Mga ika-20ng siglong mga Amerikanong arkitekto]] [[Kategorya:Mga tawong haleng Pound Ridge, New York]] [[Kategorya:Mga Fellow kan American Institute of Architects]] 69l5h9mpk2c6hvr460nmnbyz58g8262 0 38303 289834 236958 2025-06-18T23:09:24Z InternetArchiveBot 17127 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 289834 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox artist | name = Johann Felsko | image = Felsko.jpg | image_size = | caption = | birth_name = | birth_date = {{OldStyleDate|30 Oktobre|1813|18}} | birth_place = [[Riga]], [[Governorate of Livonia]], [[Russian Empire]] | death_date = {{OldStyleDate|7 October|1902|24 September}} | death_place = [[Riga]], [[Governorate nin Livonia]], [[Imperyong Ruso]] | nationality = [[Baltic German]] | known_for = arkitektura | training = | movement = [[Neo-Gothic]] | notable_works = [[Small Guild, Riga|Small guild]] | patrons = | awards = | education = [[Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts]] <br /> [[Imperial Academy of Arts]] }} Si '''Johann Daniel Felsko''' (apod man, '''Felskau'''; {{lang-lv|Johans Daniels Felsko}}; {{OldStyleDate|30 October|1813|18}} — {{OldStyleDate|7 Oktobre|1902|24 Septyembre}}) sarong [[Baltikong Aleman]] na arkitekto, [[urban planner]] asin pamayong arkitekto nin Riga nin 35 taon sa laog kan peryodong 1844—79.<ref name="li">{{cite web |url=http://www.li.lv/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=21&Itemid=1070 |title=Latvia's Famous People |publisher=[[Latvian Institute]] |access-date=2010-07-01 }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> An matagom na naginibohan niya iyo an trabaho niya sa pagpakarhay kan sentro nin Riga. [[File:Little Guild Riga 1918.jpg|260px|thumb|The Small Guild]] == Galeriya == <gallery> Evaņģēliski Luteriskā Mārtiņa baznīca.jpg|Simbahan ni San Martin Luterano sa Riga Antigua Iglesia de Santa Gertrudis, Riga, Letonia, 2012-08-07, DD 01.JPG|Old St. Gertrude church sa Riga RV1G building.jpg|Riga State Gymnasium Nu.1 Riga c15.jpg|Riga State Gymnasium Nu.2 El Pequeño Gremio, Riga, Letonia, 2012-08-07, DD 03.JPG|The Small Guild, Riga Riga - City Hall.jpg|Munisipyo nin Riga RigaLielieKapiFelsko.jpg|Pantyon kan pamilya Felsko sa Riga [[Great Cemetery]]. </gallery> ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} {{Tamboan}} [[Kategorya:Mga Arkitektong Leton]] 8t3wiezetptwnwdgdd1rngbu3azs25z 0 42278 289868 262445 2025-06-19T07:11:01Z InternetArchiveBot 17127 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 289868 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Durga_fighting_the_rakshashas_Shunga_and_Nishunga.jpg|thumb|Si Durga nakikipaglaban sa rakshashas Shumba asin Nishumba.]] Sa [[Devi Mahatmya]], si '''Sumbha''' ( शुम्भ) asin '''Nisumbha''' (निशुम्भ), duwang [[asura]] na inatubang, asin sa katapustapusi ginadan ni [[Kaushiki]]; avatar ni Devi [[Chandi]]. ==Sa Devi Mahatmyam== An istorya ni Sumbha asin Nisumbha nagpoon sa ikalimang kapitulo kan Devi Mahatmyam. Si [[Parvati]] relates kun gurano an duwang magtugang na lalaki [[Asura]] boot na sakupon an [[Trailokya|Tulong Kinaban]] sa paagi kan pagsuko kan saindang sadiri sa makuring pagbasol asin pagdalisay na ritwal tanganing mayong tawo man o demonyo an makakalaglag sainda.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.s-a-i.info/assoc_change/navarathri_6_1.html |title=The Devi Mahatmya Navrathri Katha - Chapter 1 to 13 |publisher=S-a-i.info |date= |accessdate=2009-01-29 |archive-date=2008-10-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081003121251/http://www.s-a-i.info/assoc_change/navarathri_6_1.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Sinda Sumbha asin Nisumbha nagbiyahe pasiring sa Pushkara, sarong sagradong lugar, asin nagtinir diyan tanganing mangadyi nin sampolong ribong taon. Nahiling kan Dios [[Brahma]] an pagbasol kan magtugang na lalaki, asin naogma, na nag-uyon sa ''boon'' na saindang pakiolay.<ref name="tripod1">{{cite web |url=http://sdbbs.tripod.com/devi.html |title=The Devi |publisher=Sdbbs.tripod.com |date= |accessdate=2009-01-29 }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Idto an panahon na sinda [[Chanda asin Munda]], duwang menor na Asuras sa serbisyo ni Shumbha, naengkwentro si Parvati, asin nanalian sa saiyang kagayunan. Dinara ninda an mga usipon dapit sa diosang ini ki Shumbha, na mawot na angkinon si Parvati asin an saiyang kagayunan. Ipinadara ni Shumbha an sarong demonyo na si [[Sugriva (asura)]] tanganing ilusyunan si Parvati, alagad sinayumahan an saiyang kamawotan. It was then decided by the demonikong magtugang na lalaki na kun habo ni Parvati, dudukoton na sana ninda siya. Enot an demonyo [[Dhumralochana]] asin an saiyang hukbo nin anom na polong ribong Asuras ipinadara tanganing dukuton si Parvati, alagad kinua niya an porma ni [[Durga]] asin nagibo nindang gadanon an enterong hukbo. Sunod, ipinadara sinda Chanda asin Munda, dangan linaglag sinda ni Parvati.<ref name="tripod1"/> Nakua ni Parvati an ngaran na [[Chamunda]] gikan sa paglaglag ki Chanda asin Munda. Sa huri ipinadara si [[Raktabīja]], alagad ginadan ni Diosa [[Kali]]. == Toltolan == {{reflist}} {{stub}} 6mat5pxs9jiouq9qzmivnuywzcyx6w1 0 45556 289853 263784 2025-06-19T02:10:51Z InternetArchiveBot 17127 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 289853 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Alberta== [[File:Muttart Conservatories Edmonton Alberta Canada 20A.jpg|right|200px|thumb|An mga Konserbatoryo sa Edmonton, Alberta]] [[File:Japanese Garden Devonian Botanic Garden Edmonton Alberta Canada 31A.jpg|right|200px|thumb|Hardin Hapones sa ki Edmonton na Devonian Botanic Garden]] * [[Alberta Horticultural Research Center]], [[Brooks, Alberta|Brooks]] * [[Calgary Zoological Gardens]], [[Calgary]] * [[Devonian Gardens (Calgary)]], Calgary *[[Cascades of Time Garden (Banff)]], Banff * Lee Pavilion located within the [[Citadel Theatre]], Edmonton * [[Lethbridge Research and Development Centre]], [[Lethbridge, Alberta|Lethbridge]] * [[Muttart Conservatory]], Edmonton * [[Nikka Yuko Japanese Garden]], [[Lethbridge]] * [[Olds College Botanic Garden]], [[Olds, Alberta|Olds]]<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20060223105049/http://www.oldscollege.ab.ca/botanicgarden/index.html Olds College Botanic Garden, Olds, Alberta]</ref> * [[University of Alberta Botanic Garden]], [[Devon, Alberta]] ==British Columbia== * [[Abkhazi Garden]], Victoria * [[Bloedel Floral Conservatory]], [[Vancouver]] * [[Butchart Gardens]], [[Victoria, British Columbia|Victoria]] * [[Crown Forest Industries Arboretum and Museum]], [[Ladysmith, British Columbia|Ladysmith]] * [[Horticulture Centre of the Pacific]], Victoria * [[Park and Tilford Gardens]], [[North Vancouver (city)|North Vancouver]] * [[Queen Elizabeth Park, British Columbia|Queen Elizabeth Park]] and [[Bloedel Floral Conservatory]], Vancouver * [[Royal Roads University Botanical Gardens]], Victoria * [[Summerland Research Station]], [[Summerland, British Columbia|Summerland]] * [[UBC Botanical Garden and Centre for Plant Research]], Vancouver * [[Tofino Botanical Gardens]], [[Tofino]] * [[VanDusen Botanical Garden]], Vancouver * [[Woodland Gardens Arboretum]], [[Surrey, British Columbia]], Surrey ==Manitoba== * [[Assiniboine Park]], [[Winnipeg]] * [[Manitoba Horticultural Association Arboretum]], [[Boissevain, Manitoba|Boissevain]] * [[Morden Research Station]], [[Morden, Manitoba|Morden]] == New Brunswick == * [[Fredericton Botanic Garden]], [[Fredericton, New Brunswick|Fredericton]]<ref>[http://www.frederictonbotanicgarden.com// The Fredericton Botanic Garden], New Brunswick</ref> * [[Kingsbrae Horticultural Garden]], [[St. Andrews, New Brunswick|St. Andrews]] * [[New Brunswick Botanical Garden]], [[Edmundston]] ==Newfoundland and Labrador== * [[Memorial University of Newfoundland Botanical Garden]], [[St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador|St. John's]] ==Nova Scotia== * [[Annapolis Royal Historic Gardens]], [[Annapolis Royal]]<ref>http://www.historicgardens.com/</ref> * [[Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University]], [[Truro, Nova Scotia|Truro]] * [[Harriet Irving Botanical Gardens]], [[Wolfville]]<ref>http://botanicalgardens.acadiau.ca/</ref> * [[Halifax Public Gardens]], [[Halifax, Nova Scotia|Halifax]] ==Ontario== * [[Allan Gardens]], [[Toronto]]<ref>[http://www.torontobotanicalgarden.ca Toronto Botanical Garden]</ref> * [[Bruce Botanical Food Gardens]], [[Ripley, Ontario|Ripley]]<ref>http://www.bbfg.org/</ref> * [[Centennial Conservatory]], [[Thunder Bay, Ontario|Thunder Bay]] * [[Centennial Park Conservatory]], [[Etobicoke]] * [[Dominion Arboretum]] and [[Central Experimental Farm]], [[Ottawa]] * [[Great Lakes Forest Research Centre Arboretum]], [[Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario|Sault Ste. Marie]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.glfc.cfs.nrcan.gc.ca/arboretum/the_arb_e.html |title=The Arboretum |accessdate=2006-05-22 |url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20051129084218/http://www.glfc.cfs.nrcan.gc.ca/arboretum/the_arb_e.html |archivedate=2005-11-29 }}</ref> * [[Fanshawe College Arboretum]], [[London, Ontario|London]] * [[Humber College#Humber Arboretum|Humber College Arboretum]], Toronto * [[Inglis Falls Arboretum]], [[Owen Sound]] * [[Jackson Park (Windsor, Ontario)|Jackson Park]], [[Windsor, Ontario|Windsor]] * [[Lauber Arboretum]], [[Kakabeka Falls]] * Metro Toronto Parks Commission, Toronto **[[Edwards Gardens]] **[[James Gardens]] **[[Toronto Islands]] * [[Niagara Parks Commission]], [[Niagara Falls, Ontario|Niagara Falls]] * [[Oshawa Valley Botanical Gardens]], [[Oshawa]]<ref>[http://ovbgoshawa.ca/index.html Oshawa Valley Botanical Gardens] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070627045905/http://ovbgoshawa.ca/index.html |date=2007-06-27 }}</ref> * [[Ottawa Valley Native Plant Botanical Garden]], [[Cobden, Ontario|Cobden]]<ref>http://connaughtnursery.com</ref> * [[Parkwood, The R.S. McLaughlin Estate National Historic Site and Heritage Garden]], Oshawa * [[Plant Paradise Country Gardens]], [[Caledon, Ontario|Caledon]]<ref>http://www.plantparadise.ca{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> * [[Quinte Botanical Garden]], [[Frankford, Ontario]] * [[Royal Botanical Gardens, Ontario|Royal Botanical Gardens]], [[Burlington, Ontario|Burlington]] * [[Sifton Bog]], London * [[Toronto Botanical Garden]], Toronto * [[University of Guelph Arboretum]], [[Guelph, Ontario|Guelph]] * [[University of Toronto]] [[Erindale College Conservatory]], [[Mississauga]] * [[Toronto Zoo]], Toronto * [[University of Western Ontario]] [[Sherwood Fox Arboretum]], London * [[Vineland Research Station]], [[Vineland, Ontario|Vineland]] ==Quebec== * [[Belle Terre Botanic Garden]], [[Otter Lake, Quebec|Otter Lake]] * [[Montreal Botanical Garden]], [[Montreal]]<ref>[http://www2.ville.montreal.qc.ca/jardin/en/menu.htm Montreal Botanical Gardens]</ref> * [[Jardins de Métis]], [[Grand-Métis, Quebec|Grand-Métis]]<ref>[http://collections.ic.gc.ca/metis/ang/ahistor1.html Jardins de Métis] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050204072255/http://collections.ic.gc.ca/metis/ang/ahistor1.html |date=2005-02-04 }}, Grand Métis, Quebec</ref> * [[Jardin Van Den Hende]], [[Laval University]], [[Quebec City]] * [[Mount Royal#Mount Royal Park|Mont Royal Park]], Montreal * [[Man and His World]], Montreal * [[Morgan Arboretum]], [[Macdonald Campus]] of [[McGill University]], [[Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec|Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue]] ==Saskatchewan== * [[PFRA Tree Nursery]], [[Indian Head, Saskatchewan|Indian Head]] * [[University of Saskatchewan]] Gardens, [[Saskatoon]] * [[Wascana Centre Authority]], [[Regina, Saskatchewan|Regina]] * [[Regina Floral Conservatory]], Regina ==Toltolan asin mga nota== * (1981) ''Arboreta and Botanical Gardens of North America: a travellers guide'' HMS Press {{ISBN|0-919957-25-0}} {{Reflist}} [[Kategorya: Mga Lista nin mga atraksyon panturista sa Kanada]] [[Kategorya:Mga Hardin botaniko sa Kanada]] [[Kategorya:Lista nin mga hardin botaniko sa mga nasyon|Kanada]] idwvo0y9wajjhgq4sf5ngi0uc0oy3ri 2 46474 289832 272280 2025-06-18T22:30:00Z Derk29 17433 289832 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ladawan:Wiki Loves Art Mural Painting at CBSUA 05.jpg|thumb|Wiki Loves Art Mural Painting at Central Bicol State University of Agriculture]] Ako si '''Roderick Suñaz Sumalinog''', taga-[[Canaman, Camarines Sur|Pili]], [[Camarines Sur]] na namundag kan Disyembre 29, 1987 sa barangay Bacolod Bato, Camarines Sur asin nag istar man sa Barangay Cawacagan na namumugtak sa Banwaan kan [[Bato|Bato Camarines Sur]], asin miembro kan '''Philwiki Community'''<ref>https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/PhilWiki_Community</ref> igdi Bikol. Saro man ako sa mga nagpapakarhay asin nagmumukna sa mga artikolo sa Bikol Sentral [[Wikipedyang Bikol Sentral|Wikipedia]]. nyois62g8hm16ad05asm6soakja86k7 289833 289832 2025-06-18T23:01:22Z Derk29 17433 289833 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ladawan:Photo during his wedding day.jpg|thumb|Litrato kan saiyang kasal.]] <big>Ako si</big> <big>'''Roderick Sumalinog''', Miyembro kan PhilWiki Community</big> == Manungod sako == Si Roderick sarong Filipinong Wikimediano na nabihag sa pagkua nin mga retrato asin pag-upload kaini sa Wikimedia Commons. Siya nakisumaro sa hiron kan Wikimedia poon pa kan Mayo 2021. Bilang paraambag sa Bikolnon na Wikipedia asin Wikimedia Commons. Siya kaapil sa grupo nin mga paragamit kan Komunidad nin Wikimedia sa Filipinas. Nagpartisipar siya sa grupo nin mga paragamit sa minasunod na mga lokal na kumperensya: # '''WikiCommons Philippines Conference 2023''' na may temang "preservation Our Heritage: safeguarding Digital Assets Through Wkimedia" Ginibo kan Disyembre 17-19, 2023 sa Avenue Plaza hotel & La Herencia comida sa Ciudad nin Naga. (Partisipante) # '''GLAM Wiki Conference Philippines 2024''' sa Vigan City, Ilocos Sur, Philippines (Partisipante) # '''Capacity Building and Strategic Workshop 2025''' sa Presentacion, Camarines Sur (Partisipante) == An sakuyang trabaho == Bilang miyembro kan Komunidad nin Wikimedia sa Filipinas, si Roderick nagpartisipar sa manlaen-laen na proyekto, aktibidad, asin inisyatiba kan UserGroup, na nag-aambag sa mga pangenot na programa kaini: Adbokasiya, Pagkakaiba-iba, Edukasyon, GLAM, asin Outreach Komunidad nin Wikimedia sa Filipinas (PH-WC). Siya saro man na aktibong paraambag sa manlaen-laen na proyekto kan Wikimedia Commons poon kan 2021, arog kan Wiki Loves Earth Philippines "Feminism and Folklore" "Wiki Loves Food" "Wiki GLAM" "Wiki GAP", asin iba pa. Sa paghihingoa na ini, siya an nagawadan bilang pinakamarahay na paraambag na may pinakadakol na na-upload na dekalidad na mga retrato sa laog kan Wiki Love Earth Phillippines. Siya an daing kaagid na kontribusyon bilang Tagapag-asikaso sa panahon kan '''WikiQuest: Journey through the World of Wikis''' na may temang "Quest for Wisdom: Unlocking the Wiki Mysteryies" na Ginibo sa Villa Caroloina kan Abril 6, 2024. Siya aktibong nagpartisipar sa '''WikiGap Edit-a-thon 2024 with 133 edits and 964,452 characters''' na ginibo poon Marso 9-31, 2024 sa Syudad nin Naga, Filipinas. Siya sarong pambihirang dedikasyon asin epektong kontribusyon sa pagkapantay-pantay sa kaaraman sa paagi nin aktibong partisipasyon sa '''WikiGap Edit-a-thon 2025-creating/editing an impressive 244 articles totaling 3,584,711 characters''' -na ginibo poon Marso 1 sagkod Abril 30, 2025, sa Syudad nin Naga, Filipinas. == An Wikipedia Asian Month 2022 Barnstar == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><div style="border: 3px solid #32AFAF; background-color: #EEEEEE; margin:0 auto; padding:20px 20px; width:70%;{{border-radius|1em}} {{box-shadow|0.1em|0.1em|0.5em|rgba(0,0,0,0.75)}}" class="plainlinks">[[Ladawan:2022_Wikipedia_Asian_Month_Barnstar.png|wala|180x180px]] {{Center|{{resize|150%|'''''The Wikipedia Asian Month 2022 Barnstar'''''}}}} <div style="color: #333333; margin-left:220px; font-size:110%; "> Dear {{ROOTPAGENAME}} : : Thanks for participating Wikipedia Asian Month 2022. We are grateful of your dedication to Wikimedia movement and hope you join us next year! : Wish you all the best! </div> <div style="color: #333333; text-align:right; font-size:120%; ">Wikipedia Asian Month Team</div> </div> == Kontaka ako == </div>Mga pahina nin orolay nin paragamit sa iba-ibang proyekto sa Wikimedia: * [[Olay kan paragamit:Derk29|Bikol Wikipedia]] * [[Olay kan paragamit:Derk29|Bikol Wikisource]] * [[commons:User talk:Derk29|Wikimedia Commons]] Kontakon si Roderick sa paagi kan: * Facebook Messenger: fb.me/rodericksumalinog29 * E-mail: rodericksumalinog29@gmail.com {{#babel:bik|tl-4|}} oazf1u0nibeyvnizxqbckzlb48guvyg 0 50217 289855 288771 2025-06-19T02:41:22Z 43.252.80.224 289855 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox pageant titleholder | image = CJ Opiaza in Sorsogon (2025).jpg | image_size = | caption = Opiaza in 2025 | name = | birth_name = Christine Juliane Hinkle Opiaza | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1998|07|08}} | birth_place = [[Castillejos]], [[Zambales]], Philippines | height = | education = [[Lyceum of Subic Bay]] ([[Bachelor of Science|BS]] [[Bachelor of Business Administration|Business Administration]])<ref>{{Cite web |last=Opiaza |first=Christine |date=April 24, 2018 |title="Raketera with a degree" |url=https://www.facebook.com/share/mSSb36KgRGwntWJv/ |access-date=2024-10-14 |website=www.facebook.com}}</ref> | hair_color = | eye_color = | title = [[Miss Grand Philippines 2024]] |competitions={{Ubl|[[Binibining Pilipinas 2022]]||[[Miss Universe Philippines 2023]]|(1st Runner-Up)|Miss Grand Philippines 2024|(Winner)|[[Miss Grand International 2024]]|(1st Runner-Up)}} }} Si '''Christine Juliane Hinkle Opiaza''' (namundag Hulyo 8, 1998) iyo an sarong Filipinong modelo, trainer, asin kagkapot nin titulo sa pagarayonan na kinoronahan bilang [[Miss Grand Philippines 2024]]. Rinepresenta niya an Filipinas sa [[Miss Grand International 2024]] na ginanap sa Thailand, kun saen siya nagtapos bilang first runner-up.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mallorca|first=Hannah|date=September 29, 2024|title=CJ Opiaza dominates in Miss Grand Philippines 2024 special awards|url=https://entertainment.inquirer.net/579067/cj-opiaza-dominates-in-miss-grand-philippines-2024-special-awards|access-date=September 29, 2024|website=INQUIRER.net|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Mallorca|first=Hannah|date=September 29, 2024|title=Miss Grand Philippines 2024: CJ Opiaza, Sophia Santos in Top 10|url=https://entertainment.inquirer.net/579041/miss-grand-philippines-2024-cj-opiaza-sophia-santos-in-top-10|access-date=September 29, 2024|website=INQUIRER.net|language=en}}</ref><ref name="castillejos">{{Cite news|last=Antonio|first=Josiah|date=September 30, 2024|title=Zambales' CJ Opiaza to represent PH in Miss Grand International 2024|url=https://news.abs-cbn.com/lifestyle/2024/9/29/zambales-cj-opiaza-to-represent-ph-in-miss-grand-international-2024-126}}</ref> Siya an suminalo sa titulo pagkatapos kan termination kan orihinal na nanggana na si [[Rachel Gupta]] kan [[India]] kaidtong Mayo 2025,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.abs-cbn.com/lifestyle/2025/5/29/miss-grand-international-lists-reasons-why-it-revoked-crown-of-rachel-gupta-2010 |title=Miss Grand International lists reasons why it revoked crown of Rachel Gupta |publisher=ABS-CBN News |date=2025-05-29 |accessdate=2025-05-30}}</ref> na nagin enot na Filipino na nagkapot kan titulong [[Miss Grand International]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rappler.com/entertainment/pageants/cj-opiaza-philippines-new-miss-grand-international-2024-crowning/ |title=CJ Opiaza is Philippines' new Miss Grand International 2024 |publisher=Rappler |date=2025-05-30 |accessdate=2025-05-30}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.philstar.com/lifestyle/fashion-and-beauty/2025/05/29/2446718/cj-opiaza-bag-philippines-first-ever-miss-grand-international-crown |title=CJ Opiaza bags Philippines' first-ever Miss Grand International crown |publisher=Philstar.com |date=2025-05-29 |accessdate=2025-05-30}}</ref> ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} {{stub}} qmmy4nx74hhdmsk28ew3d9zpug79pyu 0 50470 289871 281441 2025-06-19T08:42:50Z InternetArchiveBot 17127 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 289871 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox websityo|name=YIFY|logo=Logo-YTS.svg|collapsible=|commercial=|type=Torrent index, [[Magnet URI scheme|magnet links]] provider, [[Peer-to-peer]]|registration=Optional, free|language=English|owner=|author=Yiftach Swery|revenue=|current_status=Defunct as of {{start date and age|2015|10|30}}}} [[Ladawan:YTS logo.png|thumb|YTS logo]] '''An YIFY Torrents''' o '''YTS''' sarong grupo nin peer-to-peer na pagluwas na midbid sa pagdistribwir nin dakulang bilang nin mga pelikula bilang libreng pag-download sa paagi kan BitTorrent . An mga pagluwas kan YIFY pigbibisto sa paagi kan saindang sadit na sukol nin file, na nakaakit nin kadakol na mga para-download. An orihinal [[Websityo|na website]] kan YIFY/YTS isinara kan Motion Picture Association (MPA) kan 2015; alagad, kadakol na mga website na nag-aarog kan tatak na YIFY/YTS an nag-aako pa man giraray nin dakulang kantidad nin trapiko. An pangaran na "YIFY" kinua sa pangaran kan kagmukna, '''si Yif''' tach Swer '''y''', <ref name="stands2">{{Cite web|first=Ernesto|last=Van der Sar|url=https://torrentfreak.com/after-half-a-decade-we-now-know-what-yify-stands-for-160319/|title=After Half a Decade, We Now Know What YIFY Stands For|date=2016-03-19|website=TorrentFreak.com|language=en|access-date=2020-03-03|archive-date=2022-01-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220129173905/https://torrentfreak.com/after-half-a-decade-we-now-know-what-yify-stands-for-160319/|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://en.yibada.com/articles/123709/20160515/yify-yts-meaning-identity-of-operator-behind-popular-torrent-brand-finally-revealed.htm|title=YIFY/YTS Meaning, Identity of Operator behind Popular Torrent Brand Finally Revealed|last=Pineda|first=Erik|date=2016-05-15|work=Yibada English|access-date=2018-11-23|archive-date=2021-02-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224173021/https://en.yibada.com/articles/123709/20160515/yify-yts-meaning-identity-of-operator-behind-popular-torrent-brand-finally-revealed.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> sarong estudyante sa kolehiyo (na huri sarong app developer, web developer asin kampeon sa archery ) gikan sa Auckland, [[Nueva Zelanda|New Zealand]] . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/entertainment/film/77759835/archery-champion-behind-global-piracy-site-shut-down-by-hollywood-studios.html|title=Archery champion allegedly behind global piracy site shut down by Hollywood studios|website=Stuff.co.nz|language=en|access-date=2018-11-23|archive-date=2018-11-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181125162525/https://www.stuff.co.nz/entertainment/film/77759835/archery-champion-behind-global-piracy-site-shut-down-by-hollywood-studios.html|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=11604925|title=NZ archery rep caught up in piracy suit|date=2016-03-13|work=[[NZ Herald]]|access-date=2018-11-26|language=en-NZ|issn=1170-0777|archive-date=2018-11-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181126134948/https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=11604925|url-status=live}}</ref> == Kasaysayan == An YIFY Torrents pigtogdas ni Yiftach Swery kan 2010 mantang siya nag-aadal nin [[Siyensyang pangkompyuter|siyensya sa kompyuter]] sa Unibersidad kan Waikato . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/entertainment/film/81330295/Kiwi-teen-behind-vast-internet-piracy-says-he-loved-bragging-about-it-to-his-friends.html|title=Kiwi teen behind vast internet piracy says he loved bragging about it to his friends|website=Stuff.co.nz|language=en|access-date=2018-11-23|archive-date=2018-11-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181125162634/https://www.stuff.co.nz/entertainment/film/81330295/Kiwi-teen-behind-vast-internet-piracy-says-he-loved-bragging-about-it-to-his-friends.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Kan Agosto 2011, an tatak na YIFY nagkukua nin igong trapiko tanganing maggarantiya kan paglansar kan sarong opisyal na YIFY Torrents Website, dawa ngani ini sa kahurihurihi nabara kan mga awtoridad [[Reyno Unido|kan United Kingdom]] . Sarong backup na website na yify-torrents.im an piglansar para sa mga paragamit na malampasan an pagbabawal na ini. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://torrentfreak.com/how-yify-torrents-is-battling-the-internet-censors-131214/|title=How YIFY-Torrents is Battling the Internet Censors|date=2013-12-14|website=TorrentFreak.com|language=en|access-date=2020-03-03|archive-date=2013-12-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131216081331/https://torrentfreak.com/how-yify-torrents-is-battling-the-internet-censors-131214/|url-status=live}}</ref> An pangaran na YIFY padagos na nagmukna nin traksyon sagkod sa punto na kan 2013 an 'YIFY' iyo an pinakahinahanap na termino sa Kickass Torrents, kaiba an iba pang mga kaugnay na termino sa paghanap arog kan 'yify 720p ', 'yify 2013' asin 'yify 1080p '. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.ibtimes.com/top-torrent-searches-2013-yify-most-popular-search-term-kickass-torrents-1521950|title=Top Torrent Searches 2013: YIFY Is The Most Popular Search Term On Kickass Torrents|date=2013-12-29|work=[[International Business Times]]|access-date=2018-11-23|archive-date=2021-11-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107203700/https://www.ibtimes.com/top-torrent-searches-2013-yify-most-popular-search-term-kickass-torrents-1521950|url-status=live}}</ref> An popularidad na ini napagdanay sagkod 2015, kun saen ini giraray an pinakahinahanap na termino sa mga website kan BitTorrent . <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/list-top-50-keywords-that-people-searched-bittorrent-2015-includes-yify-hindi-game-661866|title=List of top 50 keywords that people searched for in BitTorrent in 2015, includes 'YIFY', 'Hindi' and 'Game of Thrones'|author=Staff Reporter|work=International Business Times|edition=India|access-date=2018-11-23|archive-date=2021-11-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107203701/https://www.ibtimes.co.in/list-top-50-keywords-that-people-searched-bittorrent-2015-includes-yify-hindi-game-661866|url-status=live}}</ref> Kan Enero 2014, pig-anunsyo ni Yiftach na siya nagretiro na sa pag-encode asin pag-upload, na nagsambit na 'panahon na para sa pagbabago' sa saiyang buhay. An [[Websityo|website]] nag-rebrand sa YTS, asin nagbalyo sa sarong bagong pangaran nin domain sa yts.re. An "YTS" sarong pagpahalipot kan "YIFY Torrent Solutions". <ref name="stands3">{{Cite web|first=Ernesto|last=Van der Sar|url=https://torrentfreak.com/after-half-a-decade-we-now-know-what-yify-stands-for-160319/|title=After Half a Decade, We Now Know What YIFY Stands For|date=2016-03-19|website=TorrentFreak.com|language=en|access-date=2020-03-03|archive-date=2022-01-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220129173905/https://torrentfreak.com/after-half-a-decade-we-now-know-what-yify-stands-for-160319/|url-status=live}}</ref> An pamamahala itinao sa eksistidong grupo nin mga miyembro kan mga tawohan, <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://gazettereview.com/2016/02/what-happened-to-yify-torrents-update/|title=What Happened To Yify Torrents - Updated For 2018|last=Rogers|first=Bridget|date=2016-02-06|website=[[Gazette Review]]|language=en-US|access-date=2020-02-21|archive-date=2021-11-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107203700/https://gazettereview.com/2016/02/what-happened-to-yify-torrents-update/|url-status=live}}</ref> asin an pag-encode itinao sa "OTTO" na iyo an maasikaso kan mga maabot na pag-encode asin mga pag-upload. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://torrentfreak.com/yify-torrents-announces-retirement-of-yify-but-show-goes-on-140124/|title=YIFY Torrents Announces Retirement of Founder, But Show Goes On|date=2014-01-24|website=TorrentFreak.com|language=en|access-date=2020-03-03|archive-date=2022-04-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220416181202/https://torrentfreak.com/yify-torrents-announces-retirement-of-yify-but-show-goes-on-140124/|url-status=live}}</ref> An Yts.re igwa nin sarong kumpanya na nakabase sa UK, na opisyal na pig-inkorporar kan 5 Pebrero 2015, <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/825063/supplement/119/data.pdf|title=(A1) Certificate of Incorporation - New Companies (cont'd)|work=[[The London Gazette|The Gazette]]|publisher=UK Government|access-date=2018-11-23|archive-date=2022-04-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220417002125/https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/825063/supplement/119/data.pdf|url-status=live|accessdate=2025-01-11|archivedate=2022-04-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220417002125/https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/825063/supplement/119/data.pdf}}</ref> na si Yiftach nagkua kan papel bilang sarong "programmer" kan kumpanya. An kompanya opisyal na natunaw kan Pebrero 2016. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://torrentfreak.com/yts-rolls-new-design-features-150202/|title=YTS Rolls Out New Design and Features|date=2015-02-02|website=TorrentFreak.com|language=en|access-date=2020-03-03|archive-date=2022-04-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220416164548/https://torrentfreak.com/yts-rolls-new-design-features-150202/|url-status=live}}</ref> An website pigprograma giraray sa parehong frontend asin backend kan Pebrero 2015, bilang parte kan paghirahay kan site tanganing atubangon an nagdadakol na trapiko. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://torrentfreak.com/yify-torrents-faces-domain-suspension-moves-to-yts-to-150320/|title=YIFY Torrents Faces Domain Suspension, Moves to YTS.to|date=2015-03-20|website=TorrentFreak.com|language=en|access-date=2020-03-03|archive-date=2022-04-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220416164747/https://torrentfreak.com/yify-torrents-faces-domain-suspension-moves-to-yts-to-150320/|url-status=live}}</ref> An pangaran kan domain pigsuspinde kan rehistro kan FRNIC kan Marso 2015 bilang resulta kan legal na pangigipit, asin bilang resulta, an website nagbalyo sa sarong bagong domain yts.to kan 20 Marso 2015. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://torrentfreak.com/yify-torrents-faces-domain-suspension-moves-to-yts-to-150320/|title=YIFY Torrents Faces Domain Suspension, Moves to YTS.to|date=2015-03-20|website=TorrentFreak.com|language=en|access-date=2020-03-03|archive-date=2022-04-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220416164747/https://torrentfreak.com/yify-torrents-faces-domain-suspension-moves-to-yts-to-150320/|url-status=live}}</ref> Kan Oktubre 2015, an website kan YIFY nawara, na mayong bareta gikan sa arin man sa mga tawohan o sa mga konektado sa site, asin mayong bagong mga pagluwas kan YIFY. Nakumpirma kan Oktubre 30, 2015, na an YIFY/YTS permanente nang isinara. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.afterdawn.com/news/article.cfm/2015/10/31/torrent-scene-group-yify-shuts-down-permanently|title=Torrent scene group YIFY shuts down permanently|last=|work=AfterDawn.com|access-date=2018-11-23|language=en|archive-date=2021-11-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107203709/https://www.afterdawn.com/news/article.cfm/2015/10/31/torrent-scene-group-yify-shuts-down-permanently|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.tvovermind.com/yify-became-one-biggest-online-movie-pirates/|title=How YIFY Became one of the Biggest Online Movie Pirates|date=2018-08-17|work=TVOvermind|access-date=2018-11-23|language=en-US|archive-date=2022-01-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220127201521/https://tvovermind.com/yify-became-one-biggest-online-movie-pirates/|url-status=live}}</ref> An site isinara huli sa sarong kaso na hale sa Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA). <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.afterdawn.com/news/article.cfm/2015/11/04/the-mpaa-was-responsible-for-the-shut-down-of-yify-yts|title=The MPAA was responsible for the shut down of YIFY/YTS|date=2015-11-04|work=AfterDawn.com|access-date=2020-02-21|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-11-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211108142817/https://www.afterdawn.com/news/article.cfm/2015/11/04/the-mpaa-was-responsible-for-the-shut-down-of-yify-yts|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://torrentfreak.com/mpaa-we-shut-down-ytsyify-and-popcorn-time-151103/|title=MPAA: We Shut Down YTS/YIFY and Popcorn Time|date=2015-11-03|website=TorrentFreak.com|language=en|access-date=2020-03-03|archive-date=2017-08-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170827125048/https://torrentfreak.com/mpaa-we-shut-down-ytsyify-and-popcorn-time-151103/|url-status=live}}</ref> Nagsangat sinda nin sarong multi-milyon-dolyar na kaso laban sa operator kan website, na inaakusaran siya nin "pagpadali asin pag-engganyar nin dakulang pagbalga sa deretso sa pagkopya". An baretang ini nagin sorpresa sa nagkapira, arog kan sarong tagapagtaram kan New Zealand Screen Association na naglalaom na an site nag-ooperar gikan sa Sirangan na Europa, an kaso sa nagkapirang iba pang mga nakaaging website. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/technology/73704459/Hollywood-studios-swoop-on-global-piracy-site-in-Mt-Wellington.html|title=Hollywood studios swoop on global piracy site in Mt Wellington|website=Stuff.co.nz|language=en|access-date=2018-11-23}}</ref> Si Swery nakapag-areglo sa luwas kan korte pakalihis nin sarong bulan, na nagpirma nin sarong kasunduan na dai magbuyagyag. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.engadget.com/2015/11/04/yify-explainer/|title=YIFY: The rise and fall of the world's most prolific movie pirate|work=Engadget.com|access-date=2018-11-23|language=en-US|archive-date=2019-02-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190206181012/https://www.engadget.com/2015/11/04/yify-explainer/|url-status=live}}</ref> Si Yiftach dai nagkontra sa legal na aksyon sa ano man na paagi, asin nakipagtabangan sa mga awtoridad kun kaipuhan. Sa sarong 2016 Reddit AMA, tinawan nin katanosan ni Yiftach an kasabihan na ini na dai niya noarin man pigtuyo na "makipaglaban", asin parati niyang sinasabi sa saiyang sadiri na "Kun may naghahagad saimo na magpundo nin tama, minapundo ka". <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/heres-what-internet-pirate-yify-says-about-torrenting-2016-4|title=Here's what a legendary internet pirate had to say about the rise of torrenting|last=UK|first=IB Times|work=[[Business Insider]]|access-date=2019-05-03|archive-date=2021-11-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211108142818/https://www.businessinsider.com/heres-what-internet-pirate-yify-says-about-torrenting-2016-4|url-status=live}}</ref> == Pamana == === Mga bakong opisyal na clone === Poon kan pagsara kan opisyal na YIFY kan 2015, kadakol na mga website an nagpoon na gumamit kan pangaran na YIFY nin bakong opisyal. An ibang mga website naghingako na iyo an "bagong" YIFY, mantang an iba ginamit sana an pangaran para sa mga bakong konektadong katuyuhan arog kan mga streaming site asin mga repositoryo nin pag-download nin subtitulo, arog kan "YIFY Subtitles". <ref>{{cite web|last1=Reichert|first1=Corinne|title=Subtitle piracy: Will it be enforced in Australia?|url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/subtitle-piracy-will-it-be-enforced-in-australia/|website=[[ZDNet]].com|date=2018-12-14|access-date=2020-06-16|archive-date=2018-12-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181219213157/https://www.zdnet.com/article/subtitle-piracy-will-it-be-enforced-in-australia/|url-status=live}}</ref> Sarong partikular na paraarog, YTS. AG, marikas na nagluwas pagkatapos kan pagsara kan tunay na YIFY. An clone website pinunan kan parehong grupo na nagmukna nin pekeng website kan EZTV . <ref>{{cite web|last1=Maxwell|first1=Andy|title=Found a New YTS / YIFY Site? It's a FAKE|url=https://torrentfreak.com/found-a-new-yts-yify-site-its-a-fake-151104/|website=TorrentFreak.com|date=2015-11-04|access-date=2020-06-16|archive-date=2022-02-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220216212950/https://torrentfreak.com/found-a-new-yts-yify-site-its-a-fake-151104/|url-status=live}}</ref> YTS. An AG nag-indeks kan gabos na lumang mga pag-upload kan YIFY, mantang nagdadagdag kan saindang sadiring mga pag-upload sa irarom kan saindang sadiring branding. Igwa nin tulos na pagkontra sa mga website nin paraarog kan dakol na mga site nin torrent index; An RARBG asin ExtraTorrent pigbawal an gabos na YIFY/YTS imposters, mantang an Kickass Torrents tinugutan sinda sa kondisyon na sinda pig-upload sa irarom nin ibang pangaran. <ref>{{cite web|last1=Van der Sar|first1=Ernesto|title=Popular Torrent Sites Block YTS.ag and YIFY Impostors|url=https://torrentfreak.com/yts-ag-wants-to-be-the-new-yify-on-popular-torrent-sites-151113/|website=TorrentFreak.com|date=2015-11-13|access-date=2020-06-16|archive-date=2021-12-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211202110400/https://torrentfreak.com/yts-ag-wants-to-be-the-new-yify-on-popular-torrent-sites-151113/|url-status=live}}</ref> Nagbalyo sinda nin mga pangaran nin domain nin dakol na beses sa bilog nindang lawig nin buhay. <ref>{{cite web|title=Get the latest YTS news and info at TorrentFreak|url=https://torrentfreak.com/tag/yts/|website=TorrentFreak.com|access-date=2020-06-16|archive-date=2022-01-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220112025748/https://torrentfreak.com/tag/yts/|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web|last1=Van der Sar|first1=Ernesto|title=Torrent Site YTS Quietly Relocates to .LT Domain Name|url=https://torrentfreak.com/torrent-site-yts-quietly-relocates-to-lt-domain-name/|website=TorrentFreak.com|access-date=2020-06-16|date=2019-06-22|archive-date=2022-04-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220416170059/https://torrentfreak.com/torrent-site-yts-quietly-relocates-to-lt-domain-name/|url-status=live}}</ref> Kan Mayo 2020, an abogado kontra sa pirata na si Kerry Culpepper nagdemanda nin dakol na mga clone kan YIFY/YTS huli sa pagbalga sa trademark . An kompanya na nakabase sa [[Hawaii]] na "42 Ventures LLC" nagrehistro nin dakol na mga trademark na may relasyon sa piracy asin torrenting nin pelikula (kaiba an YTS), asin pigtarget an mga operator kan yts.ws, yts.ms, yst.lt, yts.tl, ytsag.me, yts .ae, ytsmovies.cc asin yts-ag.com para sa paggamit kan (bagong rehistradong) trademark na mayong awtorisasyon . <ref>{{cite web|last1=Van der Sar|first1=Ernesto|title=Anti-Piracy Lawyer Sues Torrent Sites for 'YTS' Trademark Infringement|url=https://torrentfreak.com/anti-piracy-lawyer-sues-torrent-sites-for-yts-trademark-infringement-200521/|website=TorrentFreak.com|date=2020-05-21|access-date=2020-06-16|archive-date=2022-01-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220113015522/https://torrentfreak.com/anti-piracy-lawyer-sues-torrent-sites-for-yts-trademark-infringement-200521/|url-status=live}}</ref> Kan huri, kan Hunyo, an operator kan YTS. An WS (na nakabase sa [[Rusya]] ) uminoyon na magbayad nin $200,000 na danyos sa relasyon sa kaso sa trademark. <ref>{{cite web|last1=Van der Sar|first1=Ernesto|title=YTS 'Copycat' Agrees to Settle Trademark Dispute for $200,000|url=https://torrentfreak.com/yts-copycat-agrees-to-settle-trademark-dispute-for-200000-200613/|website=TorrentFreak.com|date=2020-06-13|access-date=2020-06-16|archive-date=2021-12-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211230010242/https://torrentfreak.com/yts-copycat-agrees-to-settle-trademark-dispute-for-200000-200613/|url-status=live}}</ref> === Sa popular na kultura === Kan Hulyo 2016, an pangaran na YIFY naggibo nin cameo sa sarong episode kan ikaduwang season kan serye sa telebisyon ''na Mr. Robot'', kun saen an pangenot na karakter na si Elliot nahihiling na naggagamit kan μTorrent client, asin an saiyang Plex folder, na pano nin mga pelikula gikan sa mga grupo nin pagluwas arog kan RARBG asin YIFY. Kan dinolok kan ''TorrentFreak'', sinabi ni Yiftach na inapresyar niya an "badass" na pagsambit. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://torrentfreak.com/mr-robot-plugs-utorrent-and-pirate-release-groups-160729/|title=Mr. Robot 'Plugs' uTorrent and Pirate Release Groups|date=2016-07-29|website=TorrentFreak.com|language=en|access-date=2020-03-03|archive-date=2016-07-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160731153407/https://torrentfreak.com/mr-robot-plugs-utorrent-and-pirate-release-groups-160729/|url-status=live}}</ref> == Hilingon man == * aXXo – kaparehong BitTorrent distributor, aktibong 2005–09 * Pagkumpara kan mga site kan BitTorrent * An Pirate Bay * Pagbalga sa deretso sa pagkopya == Toltolan == <references /> {{Tamboan}} [[Kategorya:Pages with unreviewed translations]] i5zzugbq35yb9wfto08df6nwyu6293o 0 50519 289885 281705 2025-06-19T10:12:18Z CommonsDelinker 2 Replacing Tom_Hardy_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg with [[File:Tom_Hardy_by_Gage_Skidmore_in_2018.jpg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: added date to file name). 289885 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''An Venom: The Last Dance''''' sarong 2024 Amerikanong [[Superhero film|superhero na pelikula]] na isinurat asin pigdirehir ni [[Kelly Marcel]], na nagtatampok kan karakter [[Marvel Comics|kan Marvel Comics]] [[Venom (character)|na si Venom]] . An ikatolong installment kan ''Venom'' trilogy, ini an ikalimang pelikula sa [[Sony's Spider-Man Universe|Spider-Man Universe (SSU) kan Sony]] asin pinagbidahan [[Tom Hardy|ni Tom Hardy]] bilang [[Eddie Brock (Sony's Spider-Man Universe)|Eddie Brock]] asin [[Venom (Sony's Spider-Man Universe)|Venom]], kaiba si [[Chiwetel Ejiofor]], [[Juno Temple]], [[Rhys Ifans]], [[Stephen Graham]], [[Peggy Lu]], asin [[Alanna Ubach]] . Ihinayag ni Hardy kan Agosto 2018 na siya nagpirma tanganing magluwas sa ikatolong pelikula ''kan Venom'' asin [[Sony Pictures|an Sony Pictures]] nagpoon na maggibo kan Disyembre 2021 pagkatapos na iluwas an ikaduwang pelikula. Si Marcel asin Hardy nagsusurat kan iskrip kan Hunyo 2022, asin si Marcel nakatalagang gibohon an saiyang [[List of directorial debuts|debut bilang direktor]] sa pelikula kan Oktubre na idto. An mga bagong miyembro kan cast, kabali si Ejiofor asin Temple, nag-ayon kan kabangaan kan 2023 asin an pag-film nagpoon kan katapusan kan Hunyo 2023 sa Espanya. An produksyon pinundo kan suminunod na bulan huli sa [[2023 SAG-AFTRA strike|welga kan 2023 SAG-AFTRA]], asin nagbalik kan Nobyembre na idto pagkatapos na matapos an welga. An pelikula natapos kan katapusan kan Pebrero 2024 asin an titulo kaini ihinayag pakalihis nin sarong bulan. ''An Venom: The Last Dance'' pig-premiere sa [[Regal Cinemas|Regal]] [[Times Square]] theatre sa New York City kan Oktubre 21, 2024, asin pigluwas sa Estados Unidos kan Oktubre 25. An pelikula nakaresibe nin manlaen-laen na pagrepaso gikan sa mga kritiko, na may kritisismo na nakatutok sa iskrip kaini mantang an performance ni Hardy, an mga aksyon na pagkasunod-sunod, asin mga biswal na epekto pig-omaw. Nakatipon ini nin $478.1 milyon sa bilog na kinaban. == Estorya == Bago dinara sa [[Earth-616 (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Earth-616]] kan spell ni [[Stephen Strange (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Doctor Strange]], {{Efn|As depicted in the mid-credits scene of ''[[Venom: Let There Be Carnage]]'' (2021), this is the main timeline for the [[Marvel Cinematic Universe]] (MCU).}} [[Eddie Brock (Sony's Spider-Man Universe)|Eddie Brock]] asin an [[Venom (Sony's Spider-Man Universe)|Venom symbiote]] naburat sa sarong bar sa [[Mehiko]] . Mantang nakikipag-olay sa bartender manungod [[Thanos (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|ki Thanos]] asin sa [[Infinity Stones]], napiritan sindang magbalik sa saindang uniberso sa [[Sony's Spider-Man Universe|Earth-688]] . {{Efn|Previously depicted in the post-credits scene of ''[[Spider-Man: No Way Home]]'' (2021), this is the timeline for [[Sony's Spider-Man Universe]] (SSU).}} Nagdadalagan pa man giraray pagkatapos kan saindang dai pa sana nahahaloy na laban ki [[Carnage (character)|Carnage]], an malinaw na paggadan ki [[Patrick Mulligan (character)|Patrick Mulligan]] nagin internasyonal na mga headline na si Eddie an nginaranan na pangenot na suspetsado, na nagpirit saiya na magduman sa [[Syudad nin Nueva York|Siyudad nin Nueva York]] asin magprobar na linigon an saiyang pangaran. Dai aram kan arin man sa sainda, sarong linalang na midbid bilang [[Xenophage (comics)|Xenophage]] an nagpoon nang magsubaybay ki Eddie asin Venom. An mga dai pa sana nahahaloy na pangyayari nakakua nin atensyon ni [[Rex Strickland]], sarong suldados na namamahala sa Imperium, sarong operasyon kan gobyerno sa lugar kan madali nang mawara [[Area 51|na Area 51]] para sa pagdakop asin pag-adal kan ibang [[Symbiote (comics)|mga simbiot]] na nahulog sa Kinaban. Si Mulligan, na nabuyagyag na nakaligtas sa saiyang engkwentro ki Carnage, nadakop pagkatapos na bayaan na gadan kan saro pang simbiote, na nakadulag sa mga soldados ni Strickland. Siya nakabugkos sa saro sa kadakol na mga simbiote na nakalaog asin hinapot kan mga parasiyasat kan Imperium na si Dr. [[Doctor Paine|Teddy Paine]] asin Sadie "Christmas" tanganing aramon an manungod sa katuyuhan kan mga simbiyote sa Kinaban bago si Strickland pinagbotan na ibaba si Venom. Mantang nagdudukot sa gilid kan sarong eroplano pasiring sa Siyudad nin Nueva York, si Eddie asin Venom inatake kan Xenophage na nagsusubaybay sainda asin napiritan na maghulog sa disyerto kan Nevada. Ipinaliwanag ni Venom ki Eddie na an mga Xenophage pinaluwas sa uniberso ni [[Knull]], an kagmukna kan mga simbiyota, tanganing makua an sarong Codex, na nagibo kun an sarong simbiote binubuhay liwat an saiyang host. Ini an makakapatalingkas ki Knull sa bilanggoan na pig-ipit saiya kan mga simbiote kaidto pa. Huli ta binuhay liwat ni Venom si Eddie kaidto, igwa na sinda ngonyan nin Codex, na sinundan kan Xenophage pasiring sa Kinaban. Pagkatapos na ma-ambush ni Strickland asin kan saiyang grupo mantang haros dai nakadulag sa sainda asin sa Xenophage, nasabat ni Eddie si Martin Moon asin an saiyang pamilya nin mga nagbibiyaheng mga hippie asin mga mahilig sa alien na nag-aalok saiya nin libreng pagsakay pasiring sa [[Las Vegas]] pasiring sa Area 51. Mientras tanto, an bagong symbiote ni Mulligan nagpapaaram ki Strickland kan mga intensyon ni Knull para sa Codex, na pwede sanang raoton kun si Eddie o si Venom magadan. Pag-abot sa Las Vegas, si Eddie asin Venom nakasabat ki [[Mrs. Chen]] sa sarong [[casino]] asin si Venom nakipagbayle saiya bago siya inatake giraray kan Xenophage. Nag-abot an grupo ni Strickland, pinagsuhay si Venom ki Eddie asin dinara sinda sa Area 51 kun saen si Eddie nakipag-ulay giraray ki Mulligan. Pinatalingkas ni Sadie si Venom, na nakipag-ulay giraray ki Eddie pagkatapos na badilon siya ni Strickland. Ini an nakaakit sa Xenophage pasiring sa base, asin si Mulligan nagadan sa ralaban. An Venom igwa nin ibang mga nakakulong na simbiyote na pinaluwas, na nagbubugkos ki Sadie asin iba pang mga host tanganing labanan an Xenophage, na nagsenyas ki Knull na an Codex nakua na. Si Knull nagpapadara nin mas dakol na Xenophage sa paagi nin mga portal pasiring sa Kinaban, na minalampas sa mga symbiote. Sa pakarealisar na kaipuhan niyang isakripisyo an saiyang sadiri tanganing raoton an Codex asin iligtas an uniberso, si Venom nakisumaro sa mga Xenophage, dinara sinda sa mga tangke nin asido, asin nagpaaram ki Eddie bago siya pinaluwas mantang an sarong mortal na nalugadan na si Strickland nagpapaputok kan saiyang mga granada tanganing raoton sinda. Si Teddy nakikipag-ulay sa [[Agony (comics)|sarong simbiote]] tanganing iligtas si Sadie sa pagsabog mantang si Eddie nahuhulog na daing malay mantang nasusulo an base. Si Eddie kan huri nagmata sa sarong ospital, kun saen sarong opisyal militar an nag-impormar saiya na an saiyang mga aksyon ki Venom sa Area 51 nagtao saiya nin sarong [[expungement]], sa kondisyon na itago an mga pangyayari na nangyari. Pag-abot sa Siyudad nin Nueva York, si Eddie naghihiling sa [[Estatwa nin Katalingkasan|Statue of Liberty]] mantang nagigirumdoman si Venom. Sa sarong [[Mid-credits scene|eksena sa tahaw kan mga kredito]], ipinahayag ni Knull na an uniberso bako nang ligtas saiya ngonian na nahulog na si Venom. Sa sarong [[Post-credits scene|eksena pagkatapos kan mga kredito]], an bartender, na kinua sa kustodiya ni Strickland dai nahaloy pagkatapos na maghale si Eddie pasiring sa New York, nakadulag sa mga nasulo na tada kan Area 51. Sa harani, sarong itom na ipis an nag-aagi sa mga ruba sa kataid kan sarong putol na vial na dati igwa nin sampol kan Venom symbiote. == Cast == <gallery> Ladawan:Tom Hardy by Gage Skidmore in 2018.jpg|Si Tom Hardy nag-utro kan saiyang papel bilang Eddie Brock asin Venom. </gallery> * [[Tom Hardy|Si Tom Hardy]] bilang [[Eddie Brock (Sony's Spider-Man Universe)|si Eddie Brock]] / [[Venom (Sony's Spider-Man Universe)|Venom]] : Sarong [[Investigative journalist|imbestigador na peryodista]] na iyo an host kan Venom, sarong alien [[Symbiote (comics)|na simbiote]] na nagtatao saiya nin mga kakayahan na super-tawo. * [[Chiwetel Ejiofor|Si Chiwetel Ejiofor]] bilang Heneral [[Rex Strickland]] : Sarong komandante para sa Imperium na nagsusubaybay ki Eddie asin naghihingoang madakop si Venom. * [[Juno Temple|Si Juno Temple]] bilang si Dr. [[Doctor Paine|Teddy Paine]] : Sarong siyentipiko para sa Imperium, na pig-aatake kan pagkagadan kan saiyang tugang na lalaki huli sa sarong [[Lightning strike|tama nin kikilat]] na nakaparalisa man kan saiyang takyag. * [[Rhys Ifans|Si Rhys Ifans]] bilang si Martin Moon: Sarong hippie asin sarong mahilig sa alien. * [[Stephen Graham|Si Stephen Graham]] bilang [[Patrick Mulligan (character)|si Patrick Mulligan]] : Sarong dating detektib kan pulis na naulakitan nin sarong symbiote pagkatapos na makasabat [[Carnage (comics)|nin Carnage]], alagad pinabayaan na gadan bago siya nadakop kan Imperium. Si Graham nagboses man nin sarong dai nginaranan na berdeng simbiyote na saiyang pinag-iribahan ni Mulligan. {{Efn|While neither symbiote is named on-screen, the official subtitles of the movie trailer call the green symbiote [[Toxin (character)|Toxin]]. The symbiote that saved Mulligan's life remains unidentified.}} * [[Peggy Lu|Si Peggy Lu]] bilang si Mrs. Chen: Sarong kagsadiri nin tindahan na nakipag-amigo ki Eddie asin Venom. * [[Clark Backo|Si Clark Backo]] bilang Sadie "Christmas": Sarong parasiyasat para sa Imperium. * [[Alanna Ubach|Si Alanna Ubach]] bilang Nova Moon: an agom ni Martin asin kapwa hippie. * [[Andy Serkis|Si Andy Serkis]] bilang [[Knull]] : An kagmukna kan mga simbiote, na naghahanap kan codex ni Eddie asin Venom tanganing makatalingkas. An direktor na [[Kelly Marcel|si Kelly Marcel]] nagsabi manungod sa pagpili ki Serkis, na nagdirehir kan ''[[Venom: Let There Be Carnage]]'' (2021), tanganing magganap kan karakter: "Aram mi sa ''Venom 2'' na siya an magigin karakter na ini [Knull], dapat na kaya ming darahon an karakter sa pelikula na ini." Dugang pa, [[Hala Finley|si Hala Finley]] asin Dash McCloud an naglaladawan sa mga aki ni Martin na si Echo asin Leaf Moon, sunod-sunod. [[Cristo Fernández|Si Cristo Fernández]] nag-utro kan saiyang papel bilang bartender gikan sa [[Marvel Cinematic Universe]] (MCU) na pelikula na ''[[Spider-Man: No Way Home]]'' (2021), siring man sarong bersyon kan karakter gikan sa uniberso ni Venom. Si Jack Brady naglaladawan ki Jim, sarong bantay sa seguridad kan Imperium na nakikipag-ulay sa sarong simbiote na kolor kayumanggi, mantang si Jade Nicholson-Lamb naglaladawan ki Jade Clark, sarong teknisyan sa laboratoryo kan Imperium na nakikipag-ulay sa sarong simbiote na kolor lila. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Jack Brady- Venom: The Last Dance|url=https://www.mclean-williams.com/jack-brady-venom-the-last-dance/|access-date=November 20, 2024|website=McLean-Williams Limited}}</ref> [[Reid Scott (actor)|Si Reid Scott]], na dati nang nagladawan ki Dr. Dan Lewis sa enot na duwang pelikula ''kan Venom'', nagbalik bilang an anino na pamayo kan Imperium.  {{Efn|The head of Imperium and Dan Lewis are separate characters, despite Reid Scott being credited as "Dr. Dan Lewis" in the film's end credits.}} == Produksiyon == === Pag-uswag asin pre-produksyon === An bitoon na [[Tom Hardy|si Tom Hardy]] nagsabi kan Agosto 2018 na siya nagpirma tanganing magbida sa tolong pelikula ''[[Venom (2018 film)|kan Venom]]'' . Kan Setyembre 2021, sinabi ni Hardy na an mga prodyuser kaipuhan na padagos na gibohon [[Sony's Spider-Man Universe|an Spider-Man Universe (SSU) kan Sony]] sa mga maabot na pelikula alagad sinabi niya na sinda interesado man na [[Crossover (fiction)|magbalyo]] sa [[Marvel Cinematic Universe]] (MCU) nin orog pa. An direktor ''[[Venom: Let There Be Carnage|kan Venom: Let There Be Carnage]]'' (2021) na [[Andy Serkis|si Andy Serkis]] nagpahayag nin interes na magbalik tanganing magdirehir nin saro pang pelikula ''kan Venom'', asin namatean na igwa pang dapat na tukdoan kaiba [[Venom (Sony's Spider-Man Universe)|si Venom]] sa mga maabot na pelikula bago an karakter makasabat ki [[Spider-Man]] sa sarong maabot na pelikula na crossover, kaiba an dugang pang pag-eksplorar kan [[Ravencroft Institute]] asin iba pang mga potensyal na kontrabida na nakakulong duman. Kan Oktubre, sinabi ni [[Tom Holland]] na siya asin an prodyuser na [[Amy Pascal|si Amy Pascal]] pinag-olayan siya na posibleng mag-utro kan saiyang papel sa MCU bilang [[Peter Parker (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Peter Parker / Spider-Man]] sa mga maabot na ''Venom'' sequel, pagkatapos na siya [[Cameo appearance|mag-cameo]] sa ''Let There Be Carnage'' sa paagi kan footage gikan sa pelikula kan MCU ''[[Spider-Man: No Way Home|na Spider- Lalaki: Mayo nin Daan Pauli]]'' (2021). Kan Disyembre na idto, sinabi ni Pascal na yaon na sinda sa "mga yugto nin pagplano" kan ''Venom 3'' . Kinumpirmar [[Sony Pictures|kan Sony Pictures]] na an pelikula pigdedevelop sa [[CinemaCon]] kan Abril 2022. Kan Hunyo, ihinayag ni Hardy na si [[Kelly Marcel]] an nagsusurat kan screenplay pagkatapos na magtrabaho sa mga nakaaging pelikula ''kan Venom'' asin na siya an nagsusurat kan istorya kaiba niya. Si Hardy nakatalaan na bayadan nin $20&nbsp;milyon para sa saiyang pag-intra. Si Serkis dai nakabalik bilang direktor huli sa saiyang mga pangako sa ''[[Animal Farm (2025 film)|Animal Farm]]'', na saiyang naatrasar tanganing magtrabaho sa ''Let There Be Carnage'', alagad sa kahurihurihi pigladawan an karakter na [[Knull|si Knull]] sa pelikula. Si Marcel nagpirma kan Oktubre tanganing gibohon an saiyang [[Directorial debut|debut bilang direktor]] sa pelikula, na piglalaoman na matatapos an ''Venom'' trilogy. Siya man an nakatalaan na magprodusir kan pelikula kaiba [[Avi Arad|si Avi Arad]], [[Matt Tolmach]], Pascal, Hutch Parker, asin Hardy, na gabos ginigibo ini sa paagi kan saindang kanya-kanyang mga kompanya nin produksyon [[Arad Productions|na Arad Productions]], [[Matt Tolmach Productions]], [[Pascal Pictures]], Hutch Parker Entertainment, asin [[Hardy Son & Baker|Hardy Aki asin Panadero]] . [[Columbia Pictures|An Columbia Pictures]] nagpoprodusir man sa pakikipagtabangan sa [[Marvel Entertainment]] . Kinumpirmar ni Hardy kan Pebrero 2023 na an trabaho bago an produksyon nagpoon na. [[Juno Temple|Si Juno Temple]] naglaog sa negosasyon tanganing mag-ayon sa cast sa sarong dai ipinahayag na "lead role" kan Abril. Kan sunod na bulan, an paggibo nin pelikula piglalaoman na magpoon sa Hunyo sa London, asin [[Chiwetel Ejiofor|si Chiwetel Ejiofor]] an pig-cast bilang [[Rex Strickland]], kan si Temple pigkumpirma na pig-cast. Kan Hunyo, an pelikula nakatalaan na iluwas sa Oktubre 2024. An pelikula nagtatampok [[Knull|ki Knull]], an Hade sa Itom kan mga simbiot na ipinamidbid sa pinagkukuanan na materyal kan 2018. An mga paragibo nin pelikula pirming pinapag-aaram an karakter, alagad nagdesisyon na kaipuhan nindang ibugtak an mga pundasyon para sa karakter ni Venom asin an saiyang relasyon ki Eddie Brock bago itampok an superkontrabida kan Marvel. Bilang siring, naghanap sinda nin inspirasyon gikan sa mga komiks ''[[Venom (comic book)|na Venom]]'' ni [[David Michelinie]], [[Todd McFarlane]], [[Donny Cates]] asin [[Ryan Stegman]], an huri na duwa iyo an mga kagmukna ni Knull, na nagdara sa Sony na kuanon sinda para sa sarong relasyon na may payo asin nagtugot ki Cates na basahon an screenplay . Si Cates asin Stegman naglalaom nin bayad sa kuwarta para sa paglaog ki Knull. === Pag-film === [[Principal photography|An pangenot na potograpiya]] nagpoon kan Hunyo 26, 2023, sa Los Mateos sa [[Cartagena, Spain|Cartagena, Espanya]], siring man sa [[Calblanque Regional Park]], sa irarom kan [[Working title|titulong]] ''Orwell'' . [[Fabian Wagner|Si Fabian Wagner]] an nagseserbing cinematographer pagkatapos na magserbing dagdag na cinematographer sa ''Let There Be Carnage'' . An pagpoon kan [[2023 SAG-AFTRA strike]] kan kabangaan kan Hulyo 2023 nagresulta sa pagpundo kan paggibo nin pelikula. Sa huri kan bulan na idto, an pelikula nakatalaan na iluwas sa Hulyo 12, 2024. Kan matapos an welga kan mga aktor kan amay na parte kan Nobyembre 2023, pig-atraso kan Sony an pelikula tanganing iluwas sa Nobyembre 8, 2024, na pinupuno an petsa kan Nobyembre 2024 na dati nang itinagama kan estudyo para sa sarong daing titulong pelikula kan Marvel. An produksyon nag-aandam nang magbalik kan panahon na idto. An pag-film nagpoon giraray kan Nobyembre 16. Kan Pebrero 2024, [[Clark Backo|si Clark Backo]] nag'ayon sa mga artista sa sarong dai ipinahayag na papel, asin sinabi ni Temple sa katapusan kan bulan na an pag-film haros tapos na. === Post-production === Kan Marso 2024, an pelikula pigngaranan na ''Venom: The Last Dance'' asin an petsa kan pagluwas kaini pigbalyo sa Oktubre 25, 2024. An enot na teaser trailer, na pinaluwas kan Hunyo, nagkumpirma na si [[Peggy Lu]] asin [[Stephen Graham]] nag-uutro kan saindang kanya-kanyang papel bilang Mrs. Chen asin [[Patrick Mulligan (character)|Patrick Mulligan]] gikan sa mga nakaaging pelikula ''kan Venom'', siring man an mga casting ni [[Rhys Ifans]], [[Alanna Ubach]], asin [[Cristo Fernández]] . Si Ifans dati nang nagladawan ki [[Curt Connors (The Amazing Spider-Man film series)|Curt / Lizard]] sa ''[[The Amazing Spider-Man (film)|The Amazing Spider-Man]]'' (2012) asin ''No Way Home'' kan Sony, mantang si Fernández nagluwas sa ''No Way Home'' bilang sarong bartender na nakikipag-ulay ki Brock pagkatapos na siya maidara sa MCU sa paagi kan [[Multiverse (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|multiverse]] . Si Germain Lussier sa ''[[io9]]'' naghapot kun an mga pagluwas ni Ifans asin Ejiofor, na nagganap [[Karl Mordo (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|ki Karl Mordo]] sa MCU, bakong gayong nahahadit sa pagpapadagos sa MCU asin imbes na komentaryo sa multiverse, imbes na konektado sa saindang mga nakaaging papel. Si Molly Edwards kan ''[[Total Film]]'' nalilito man sa pagsambit sa [[Mid-credits scene|eksena sa tahaw kan mga kredito]] kan ''No Way Home'' sa trailer, nin huli ta an mga pelikula ''kan Venom'' nakabugtak sa sarong separadong uniberso gikan sa MCU. Si John Moffatt asin Aharon Bourland an nagseserbing mga superbisor kan mga biswal na epekto mantang si Greg Baxter iyo an prodyuser kan mga biswal na epekto. An mga biswal na epekto itinatao kan [[Industrial Light & Magic]] (ILM), [[DNEG]], [[Digital Domain]], [[Rodeo FX]], asin [[Territory Studio]], mantang [[The Third Floor, Inc.|an Third Floor, Inc.]], Torchlight, asin Host an nagtao kan [[Previsualization|pre]] [[Previsualization|visualization]] asin postvisualization na trabaho. [[Mark Sanger|Si Mark Sanger]] an nag-edit kan pelikula, na natapos sa Cary Grant Theater sa [[Sony Pictures Studios]] lot kan amay na parte kan Oktubre 2024. == Musika == Kan Agosto 2024, [[Dan Deacon|si Dan Deacon]] an nagkompuesto kan musika para sa pelikula. == Pagtao == === Teatro === ''An Venom: The Last Dance'' nagkaigwa kan premiere kaini sa teatro sa [[Regal Cinemas|Regal]] Times Square sa Siyudad nin Nueva York kan Oktubre 21, 2024, asin ipinaluwas sa teatro kan [[Sony Pictures Releasing]] sa Estados Unidos kan Oktubre 25, sa [[IMAX]] asin iba pang mga [[Premium large format|premium na darakulang mga format]] (PLFs). An pelikula orihinal na piglalaoman na iluwas sa Oktubre 2024 bago ini tinawan nin petsa nin pagluwas na Hulyo 12, 2024, kan an Sony inayos an saindang iskedyul nin pagluwas huli sa welga kan SAG-AFTRA. Pagkatapos kan welga, an pagluwas kan pelikula naatraso sa Nobyembre 8, 2024, bago ini pig-abante asin ibinalik sa Oktubre 2024 na timeframe. === Media sa harong === An Sony nagpirma nin mga kasunduan sa [[Netflix]] asin [[The Walt Disney Company|Disney]] kan Abril 2021 para sa mga deretso sa saindang 2022 sagkod 2026 na slate nin pelikula, kasunod kan mga bintana kan teatro asin media sa harong kan mga pelikula. An Netflix nagpirma para sa eksklusibong "pay 1 window" na mga deretso sa pag-stream, na sa parati sarong 18-bulan na bintana asin kabali an mga maabot na pelikula ''kan Venom'' kasunod ''kan Venom: Let There Be Carnage'' . An Disney nagpirma para sa mga deretso sa "pay 2 window" para sa mga pelikula, na i-stream sa [[Disney+]] asin [[Hulu]] siring man i-brodkast sa mga linear television network kan Disney. An pelikula pinaluwas sa digital na pag-download kan Disyembre 10, 2024, asin ini nakaiskedyul na iluwas sa [[DVD]], [[Blu-ray]] asin [[Ultra HD Blu-ray|4K UHD]] sa Enero 21, 2025 kan [[Sony Pictures Home Entertainment]] . <ref>{{Cite web|author=de Oliveira, Weronika|date=October 25, 2024|title=When is Venom: The Last Dance available to stream, rent and buy?|url=https://www.techadvisor.com/article/2496139/when-is-venom-the-last-dance-available-to-stream-rent-and-buy.html|access-date=2024-12-06|website=Tech Advisor|language=en|archive-date=December 7, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241207085833/https://www.techadvisor.com/article/2496139/when-is-venom-the-last-dance-available-to-stream-rent-and-buy.html|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|last=DiVincenzo|first=Alex|date=2024-12-09|title='Venom: The Last Dance' Comes to Physical Media with SteelBook, Action Figure & More|url=https://bloody-disgusting.com/home-video/3847890/venom-the-last-dance-comes-home-in-january-with-steelbook-action-figure-more/|access-date=2024-12-10|website=Bloody Disgusting!|language=en-US|archive-date=December 9, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241209210455/https://bloody-disgusting.com/home-video/3847890/venom-the-last-dance-comes-home-in-january-with-steelbook-action-figure-more/|url-status=live}}</ref> == Resepsyon == === Box office === As of January 12, 2025[update], ''Venom: The Last Dance'' has grossed $139.8 million in the United States and Canada, and $338.3 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $478.1 million. Sa Estados Unidos asin Canada, ''an Venom: The Last Dance'' pinaluwas kaiba ''[[Conclave (film)|an Conclave]]'', asin pigproyekto na makakaganar nin mga $65&nbsp;milyon gikan sa 4,125 na mga sinehan sa enot na katapusan kan semana. An pelikula nakaganar nin $22&nbsp;milyon sa enot na aldaw kaini, kaiba an $8.5&nbsp;milyon gikan sa mga preview kan Huwebes na banggi. <ref>{{cite web|last=Fuster|first=Jeremy|url=https://www.thewrap.com/venom-3-friday-box-office/|title='Venom 3' Slithers Towards $52 Million Box Office Opening|website=[[TheWrap]]|date=October 26, 2024|access-date=December 4, 2024}}</ref> Nagdebut ini sa $51&nbsp;milyon, na nagtapos sa enot alagad nagmarka kan pinakahababang pagbukas kan serye. ''An Deadline Hollywood'' pig-atribwir an underperformance sa padagos na [[2024 World Series|Yankees-Dodgers World Series]] asin kapagalan sa genre nin superhero. <ref name="opening2">{{Cite web|last=D'Alessandro|first=Anthony|date=October 27, 2024|title='Venom: The Last Dance' Trips Stateside With $51M Opening, But Makes Up For Shortfall Abroad – Sunday AM Update|url=https://deadline.com/2024/10/box-office-venom-the-last-dance-1236158112/|access-date=October 27, 2024|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref> Dawa siring, an internasyonal na kita kan pelikula sa takilya makakatabang na mabawasan an mas maluyang performance kaini sa takilya sa Amerika del Norte. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://variety.com/2024/film/box-office/venom-3-box-office-global-opening-weekend-1236191839/|title='Venom: The Last Dance' Climbs to $986 Million at International Box Office, $317 Million Globally|first=Rebecca|last=Rubin|date=October 27, 2024}}</ref> An pelikula nagkaigwa nin $26.1&nbsp;milyon sa ikaduwang katapusan kan semana (nagbaba nin 49% gikan sa enot na katapusan kan semana), <ref>{{Cite web|last=D'Alessandro|first=Anthony|date=November 3, 2024|title='Venom: The Last Dance' Has Great Second Weekend Hold With $26M; 'Forrest Gump' Reteam 'Here' Isn't Anywhere With $5M Opening – Box Office Update|url=https://deadline.com/2024/11/box-office-venom-the-last-dance-here-tom-hanks-1236164404/|access-date=November 4, 2024|website=Deadline|language=en-US|archive-date=November 9, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241109223443/https://deadline.com/2024/11/box-office-venom-the-last-dance-here-tom-hanks-1236164404/|url-status=live}}</ref> asin $16.2&nbsp;milyon sa ikatolong katapusan kan semana (nagbaba nin saro pang 37%), na pinapagdanay an pinakahalangkaw na pwesto sa laog nin tolong magkasunod na semana. <ref>{{Cite web|last=D'Alessandro|first=Anthony|date=November 10, 2024|title='Venom: The Last Dance' $16M, 'Christmas Pageant' & 'Heretic' In Fierce Battle For No. 2 With $11M+ Apiece — Veterans Day Box Office|url=https://deadline.com/2024/11/box-office-heretic-best-christmas-pageant-ever-1236170937/|access-date=November 10, 2024|website=Deadline|language=en-US|archive-date=December 1, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241201143130/https://deadline.com/2024/11/box-office-heretic-best-christmas-pageant-ever-1236170937/|url-status=live}}</ref> ''An The Last Dance'' sa katapustapusi nahale sa trono sa ikaapat na katapusan kan semana, na nagganar nin $7.3 milyon asin nagtapos sa ikaduwang lugar sa likod kan bagong abot ''[[Red One (film)|na Red One]]'' . <ref>{{cite web|last1=Rubin|first1=Rebecca|date=November 17, 2024|title=Box Office: Dwayne Johnson's $250 Million-Budgeted 'Red One' Debuts to Chilly $34 Million|url=https://variety.com/2024/film/box-office/red-one-box-office-opening-weekend-disappoints-dwayne-the-rock-johnson-1236212370/|website=Variety|language=en-US|access-date=November 18, 2024|archive-date=November 17, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241117234355/https://variety.com/2024/film/box-office/red-one-box-office-opening-weekend-disappoints-dwayne-the-rock-johnson-1236212370/|url-status=live}}</ref> === Kritikal na simbag === On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, 41% of 211 critics' reviews are positive, with an average rating of 4.7/10. The website's consensus reads: "The always watchable Tom Hardy injects ample charisma into Venom: The Last Dance, but the offering buckles under its convoluted tonal ambitions."[63] Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned the film a score of 41 out of 100, based on 47 critics, indicating "mixed or average" reviews.[64] Audiences polled by [[CinemaScore]] gave the film an average grade of "B–" on an A+ to F scale (the lowest of the trilogy), while those surveyed by [[PostTrak]] gave it a 73% overall positive score, with 55% saying they would "definitely recommend" it.<ref name="opening3">{{Cite web|last=D'Alessandro|first=Anthony|date=October 27, 2024|title='Venom: The Last Dance' Trips Stateside With $51M Opening, But Makes Up For Shortfall Abroad – Sunday AM Update|url=https://deadline.com/2024/10/box-office-venom-the-last-dance-1236158112/|access-date=October 27, 2024|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref> [[Christy Lemire|Si Christy Lemire]] kan ''[[RogerEbert.com]]'' tinawan an pelikula nin 1.5/4 na bitoon, na nagsurat, "Kun ini nagsasarig nin maigot sa inherent na kalokohan kan saiyang mga wacky, bakong magkaparehong mga gawe-gawe sa mga amigo, ''an Venom: The Last Dance'' puedeng magin sarong total na pagsabog. Sa kamondoan, iyan dai mangyari nin haros arog kadakol kan dapat." <ref>{{Cite web|last=Lemire|first=Christy|date=October 23, 2024|title=Venom: The Last Dance movie review (2024)|url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/venom-3-the-last-dance-film-review|access-date=October 28, 2024|website=[[RogerEbert.com]]|archive-date=November 10, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241110100352/https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/venom-3-the-last-dance-film-review|url-status=live}}</ref> ''[[The Daily Telegraph|An Daily Telegraph]]'' ' s [[Robbie Collin]] nagtao kaini nin 1/5 na bitoon, na inaapod ining "sarong nag-aalingahot na kalokohan, tin-edyer-lalaki-na-pandering eyesore kan lumang eskwelahan, na may kadikit na maitatao sa arin man na paradalan na an edad o kakayahan sa pagbilang minalampas sa hababang 20s ." Nagkonklusyon siya, "Sa mga huring bayle, ini an [[Macarena]] sa pormang pelikula." <ref>{{Cite news|last=Collin|first=Robbie|date=October 23, 2024|title=Venom: The Last Dance – a suitably moronic conclusion to Tom Hardy's awful superhero trilogy|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/films/0/venom-the-last-dance-review-tom-hardy/|access-date=October 28, 2024|newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|language=en-GB|issn=0307-1235}}</ref> [[Kevin Maher (writer)|Si Kevin Maher]] kan ''[[The Times]]'' nagtao man kaini nin 1/5 na bitoon, na nagsasabi, "nakakadisganar na marhay na mahiling si Hardy na naglulubog na gayo. Poon sa eleganteng karakter na gibo kan ''[[Stuart: A Life Backwards]]'' asin ''[[Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy (film)|Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy]]'' sagkod sa sarong blangko an mata Marvel meathead na an pinakadakulang linya iyo an: 'Kaipuhan tang darahon an codex sa pinakaharayo na mapupuwede! ' <ref>{{Cite web|last=Maher|first=Kevin|date=October 24, 2024|title=Venom: The Last Dance review — it's dispiriting to see Tom Hardy sink so low|url=https://www.thetimes.com/culture/film/article/venom-the-last-dance-film-review-tom-hardy-hwz6sqczs|access-date=October 28, 2024|newspaper=[[The Times]]}}</ref> Si Alci Rengifo kan ''Entertainment Voice'' nagsurat, " ''An Venom'' bilang sarong prangkisa nagtatrabaho bilang sarong pinsan sa komiks kan ''[[Lethal Weapon (franchise)|Lethal Weapon]]'' o arin man na ibang popular na serye na nagtatampok nin sarong nakakaaling, dai magkaparehong duo." <ref>{{Cite web|last=Rengifo|first=Alci|date=October 24, 2024|title='Venom: The Last Dance' Gives Tom Hardy One Final Absurdist Ride With His Alien Buddy|url=https://entertainmentvoice.com/2024/10/24/venom-the-last-dance-gives-tom-hardy-one-final-absurdist-ride-with-his-alien-buddy/|access-date=October 29, 2024|website=Entertainment Voice}}</ref> Si Amy Nicholson kan ''[[The New York Times]]'' nagsabi, "Sa totoo lang, mas gugustuhon kong hilingon si Eddie asin Venom na nag-iiriwal sa mga toppings kan pizza kisa mag-iribahan para sa sarong bagay na arog ka-banal kan pagligtas sa planeta." <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/10/24/movies/venom-the-last-dance-review.html|title='Venom: The Last Dance' Review: A Long and Winding Tongue|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|author=Nicholson, Amy|date=October 24, 2024}}</ref> Si Jake Cole kan ''[[Slant Magazine]]'' tinawan an pelikula nin 3/4 na bitoon, na nagsurat, "Mantang nag-uuswag an pelikula, ini padagos na nagpapalangkaw kan mga istaka asin sokol kan aksyon kaini, na dai nagigin dai masabutan na CG murk mantang ini nagdadalagan pasiring sa kulminasyon." <ref>{{Cite magazine|last=Cole|first=Jake|date=October 23, 2024|title='Venom: The Last Dance' Review: A Spirited Monster Mash|url=https://www.slantmagazine.com/film/venom-the-last-dance-review-tom-hardy/|access-date=October 28, 2024|magazine=[[Slant (magazine)|Slant]]|archive-date=November 10, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241110082742/https://www.slantmagazine.com/film/venom-the-last-dance-review-tom-hardy/|url-status=live}}</ref> Si Clarisse Loughrey ' ''[[The Independent]]'' nagsurat, "Masakit sabihon kun pano magigirumduman an mga pelikula na ini sa dakulang plano kan kasaysayan kan komiks, alagad, sa ''The Last Dance'', puede kitang mapagirumdom na minsan talagang nagigibo ninda na mag-ogma sa mga bagay na ini", asin tinawan ini nin 3/5 na bitoon. <ref>{{Cite news|last=Loughrey|first=Clarisse|date=October 24, 2024|title=Venom: The Last Dance is a delight when it's not being a Madame Web rerun|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/reviews/venom-the-last-dance-review-b2634281.html|newspaper=[[The Independent]]}}</ref> === Mga Pag-omaw === {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders col6center" ! scope="col" |Award ! scope="col" |Date of ceremony ! scope="col" |Category ! scope="col" |Recipient ! scope="col" |Result |- ! scope="row" |[[Saturn Awards]] |[[52nd Saturn Awards|February 2, 2025]] |[[Saturn Award for Best Science Fiction Film|Best Science Fiction Film]] |''Venom: The Last Dance'' |Pending |- ! scope="row" |[[Visual Effects Society Awards]] |[[23rd Visual Effects Society Awards|February 11, 2025]] |[[Visual Effects Society Award for Outstanding Effects Simulations in a Photoreal Feature|Outstanding Effects Simulations in a Photoreal Feature]] |Xavi Martin Ramirez, Oscar Dahlen, Hedi Namar, Yuri Yang (for "Water, Fire & Symbiote Effects") | align="center" |Pending |} == Puturo == Bago an pagluwas kan pelikula sa Oktubre 2024, sinabi ni Kelly Marcel na mantang ''an The Last Dance'' nagtatapos sa istorya ni Eddie Brock asin Venom, ini nag-andam kan karakter na si Knull para sa mga maabot na pagluwas sa laog kan [[Sony's Spider-Man Universe|Spider-Man Universe (SSU) kan Sony]] asin iyo an kapinunan kan istorya kan karakter. Mantang an pelikula pigtuyo bilang konklusyon kan ''Venom'' trilogy, si Hardy nagpahayag nin interes na ibalik an saiyang papel sa maabot na panahon asin magkaigwa kan saiyang karakter na mag-crossover sa Spider-Man, na nagsasabing "dai nanggad magsabi nin dai". Kan Disyembre 2024, [[TheWrap|an TheWrap]] naghingako na ''[[Kraven the Hunter (film)|an Kraven the Hunter]]'' iyo an magigin huring pelikula sa Spider-Man Universe kan Sony, <ref>{{Cite web|last=Gonzalez|first=Umberto|date=December 10, 2024|title=As 'Kraven' Hunts for Audience, Sony's Marvel Universe Takes Final Bow for Now {{!}} Analysis|url=https://www.thewrap.com/kraven-the-hunter-sony-marvel-universe-spider-man-box-office/|url-access=subscription|url-status=live|archive-url=https://archive.today/20241211142104/https://www.thewrap.com/kraven-the-hunter-sony-marvel-universe-spider-man-box-office/|archive-date=December 11, 2024|website=[[TheWrap]]|access-date=December 12, 2024}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|last=Dinsdale|first=Ryan|date=December 11, 2024|title=Sony Spider-Man Universe Reportedly Done as Kraven the Hunter Targets Opening Worse Than Madame Web|url=https://www.ign.com/articles/sony-spider-man-universe-reportedly-done-as-kraven-the-hunter-targets-opening-worse-than-madame-web|website=[[IGN]]|access-date=December 12, 2024|archive-date=December 11, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241211192945/https://www.ign.com/articles/sony-spider-man-universe-reportedly-done-as-kraven-the-hunter-targets-opening-worse-than-madame-web|url-status=live}}</ref> alagad pinahimutikan ''kan Variety'' an paghihingakong iyan asin nagsabi na an Sony padagos na maggibo nin mga pelikula na nakabasar sa mga karakter ni Spider-Man. <ref name="NotFinal2">{{Cite web|last=Vary|first=Adam|date=December 13, 2024|title=Even After ‘Kraven the Hunter’ and ‘Madame Web,’ Sony’s Marvel Movies Aren’t Dead (EXCLUSIVE)|url=https://variety.com/2024/film/news/kraven-sony-marvel-movies-not-dead-1236249221/|website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|access-date=December 14, 2024|archive-date=December 14, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241214062532/https://variety.com/2024/film/news/kraven-sony-marvel-movies-not-dead-1236249221/|url-status=live}}</ref> == Hilingon man == [[:en:List_of_comic-based_films_directed_by_women|List of comic-based films directed by women]] == Mga panluwas na sumpay == {{IMDb title}} == Toltolan == <references /> {{Tamboan}} knqpqxy9b0t2jdpremx9u60imc7pjr4 0 50726 289836 282544 2025-06-19T00:07:42Z InternetArchiveBot 17127 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 289836 wikitext text/x-wiki Si '''Kim Ransa''' ( ; 1872–1919), sarong aktibista sa katalingkasan kan Korea. Siya man sarong paratukdo ni Yu Gwan-sun, na iyo an nag-organisar kan Marso 1st Movement laban sa pamamahala kan Hapon. == Amay na buhay == Si Kim Ransa natawo sa 1872 sa Pyongyang. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?cid=62045&docId=3385322&categoryId=62045|title=한국 최초 자비 미국 유학생|website=terms.naver.com|language=ko}}</ref> Sa ibong kan polisiya kan eskwelahan na nagbabawal sa paglaog sa mga may agom na babae, matrayumpo niyang nakumbinsir an mga edukador kan Ewha Haktang asin nagin estudyante kan 1896 sa edad na 24. Kan huri, nag-adal siya sa Ohio Wesleyan University, na nagin pinakaenot na babaeng Koreano na nag-adal sa ibang nasyon asin nakakua nin bachelor's degree. <ref>{{Cite book|title=Ewha old and new : 110 years of history (1886-1996)|date=2005|publisher=Ewha Womans University Press|others=Ihwa Yŏksagwan., 이화 역사관.|isbn=|location=Seoul, Korea|oclc=}}</ref> == Karera sa pagtukdo == Pagkatapos kan saiyang gradwasyon, nagpuli si Kim hale sa Estados Unidos asin nagpoon na magtokdo nin Ingles asin Biblia sa Ewha Hakdang. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.womennews.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=94039|title=독립운동가 김란사는 왜 하란사가 됐나|date=2016-05-18|language=ko}}</ref> Dangan siya nagin sarong parahatol para sa sarong organisasyon na pinangenotan nin mga estudyante na inaapod Ewha Literary Society (E-mun-hai) na nagkaigwa nin mahalagang papel sa paggiya ki Yu Gwan-sun na mangenot sa sarong matoninong na demonstrasyon kaiba an ibang mga babaeng estudyante. Inenkaminar ni Kim si Yu Gwan-sun na magin "sarong liwanag para sa Korea," asin mag-ayon sa organisasyon. Dangan si Kim nagin an solamenteng propesor na Koreano na nag'ayon sa pagmukna kan pinakaenot na kolehiyo nin mga babae sa Ewha Haktang kan 1910 asin sa kahurihurihi nagserbing bise prinsipal. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://news.kmib.co.kr/article/view.asp?arcid=0923411491|title="하란사 바른 이름은 김란사 기생 출신 첩 아니다"… 남동생 손자 김용택씨 "신상 기록 잘못" 증언|date=2016-01-29|website=|language=ko}}</ref> == Adbokasiya sa katalingkasan == Sa tiwala ni Gojong, an huring hade kan Joseon asin an pinakaenot na Emperador kan Korea, si Kim nagkaigwa nin mahalagang papel bilang sarong paratradusir asin sarong emisaryo sa hiron nin katalingkasan kan Korea. Kan 1919, si Gojong asin Kim naggibo nin mga plano na magpadara nin mga delegado (kaiba si Kim) sa Paris Peace Conference na naghahagad nin suporta kan mga dayuhan para sa independensya kan Korea, alagad an pagprobar napundo pakatapos kan biglang pagkagadan ni Gojong kan Enero 21, 1919. <ref>{{Cite book|title=Han'gwŏn ŭro ponŭn Han'guk ch'oech'o 101-changmyŏn : uri kŭndae munhwa ŭi ppuri rŭl tŭlch'wŏ ponŭn chaemi innŭn munhwa kihaeng|last=Kim|first=Ŭn-sin|date=1998|publisher=Karam Kihoek|isbn=|location=Sŏul|oclc=}}</ref> == Kagadanan == Kan 1919, si Kim nagbyahe pasiring sa Beijing tanganing mag-atender sa Paris Peace Conference. Pagkatapos na magkakan kaiba an mga Koreanong residente sa Beijing, nagkahelang siya asin sa kahurihurihi nagadan sa edad na 47. Igwa nin mga testigo na an bangkay ni Kim nagin itom (posibleng huli sa pagkahilo), alagad an opisyal na kawsa kan kagadanan dai pa nadeterminaran. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://muchkorea.tistory.com/1007|title=[카드뉴스] 3.1 만세운동의 숨은 주역 2탄, 김하란사!|date=2017-03-13|website=대한민국역사박물관 블로그|access-date=2025-02-07|archive-date=2025-02-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250207113724/https://muchkorea.tistory.com/1007|dead-url=yes}}</ref> == Pamana == Si Kim midbid sa saiyang adbokasiya sa pagpapakusog kan mga kababaihan sa paagi nin edukasyon. Bilang simbag sa sarong artikulo na isinurat ni [[Yun Chi-ho]] sa journal ''na The Korea Mission Field'' kan Hulyo 1911 na nagdedetalye kan pangangaipo para sa mga babaeng Koreano na makanuod kun pano maggibo nin mga trabaho sa harong, si Kim nagpublikar nin sarong artikulo nin pagkontra na nagsasabi na "an katuyuhan kan edukasyon para sa mga babae bako an magluto o magtahi nin mas marahay," asin na "an mga babaeng estudyante dai dapat basolon, na may kakulangan nin ebidensya, kun pano, huli ta dai aram kun pano gigibohon paglaba o pagplantsa <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hankookilbo.com/News/Read/201902281667797335|title=[단독] "여성은 요리, 바느질 배워야" 주장 반박한 김란사|date=2019-03-01|website=|language=ko}}</ref> Kan 1995, si Kim tinawan nin Order of Merit for National Foundation pagkatapos na magadan. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://news.kmib.co.kr/article/view.asp?arcid=0923411491|title="하란사 바른 이름은 김란사 기생 출신 첩 아니다"… 남동생 손자 김용택씨 "신상 기록 잘못" 증언|date=2016-01-29|website=|language=ko}}</ref> == Toltolan == <references /> {{Tamboan}} 1vhoeu750f0t5l6duyl5i34bmgccmhm 0 52795 289867 289355 2025-06-19T07:07:54Z InternetArchiveBot 17127 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 289867 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ladawan:Eastern_Europe_from_space.png|thumb|300x300px|Digital rendering kan [[Europa]] na nakapokus sa sa subangan na kabtang kan kontinente]] An '''Subangan na Europa''' iyo an sarong subrehiyon kan [[Europa|kontinenteng Europeo]]. Bilang sarong terminong igwang dakol na kahulugan, igwa iyan nin mahiwas na ''range'' nin heopolitiko, heograpiko, etniko, kultural asin mga sosyo-ekonomikong pakahulogan. An saiyang subangan na kasagkoran minarkahan kan [[Ural Mountains]], sin an saiyang solnopan na kasagkoran ilinadawan sa manlaenlaen na mga paagi.<ref name="Eastern Europe">{{cite web|url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-four-european-regions-as-defined-by-the-united-nations-geoscheme-for-europe.html|title=Regions of Europe: Eastern Europe|date=10 May 2021|access-date=1 June 2023|archive-date=25 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231125054803/https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-four-european-regions-as-defined-by-the-united-nations-geoscheme-for-europe.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Sa hayakpit na mga pakahulogan, kun saen an [[Sentral Europa|Sentral]] asin [[Habagatan-subangan na Europa]] pigbibilang na suhay na mga rehiyon, kabali an [[Belarus]], [[Russia]] asin [[Ukraine]].<ref>{{cite journal|access-date=21 January 2019|first=Peter|last=Jordan|journal=Europa Regional|year=2005|title=Großgliederung Europas nach kulturräumlichen Kriterien|trans-title=The large-scale division of Europe according to cultural-spatial criteria|volume=13|issue=4|pages=162–173|publisher=Leibniz-Institut für Länderkunde (IfL)|location=Leipzig|via=Ständiger Ausschuss für geographische Namen (StAGN)|url=http://www.stagn.de/DE/1_Der_StAGN/Publikationen/StAGN_GGEuropa/grosseu_node.html|archive-date=27 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231227012144/http://www.stagn.de/DE/1_Der_StAGN/Publikationen/StAGN_GGEuropa/grosseu_node.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Sa kabaliktaran, an mahiwason na pagladawan kabali an [[Moldova]] asin [[Romania]], alagad an iba o gabos sa [[Balkans]], an [[Baltic states]], an [[Caucasus]], asin an [[Visegrád Group|Visegrád group]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Berglee|first=Royal|date=2016|title=Traditional Regions of Europe|url=https://open.lib.umn.edu/worldgeography/chapter/2-4-eastern-europe/|access-date=2023-12-15|website=University of Minnesota|archive-date=2023-12-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231216035124/https://open.lib.umn.edu/worldgeography/chapter/2-4-eastern-europe/|url-status=live|archivedate=2023-12-16|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231216035124/https://open.lib.umn.edu/worldgeography/chapter/2-4-eastern-europe/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Geographic Regions|url=https://unstats.un.org/unsd/methodology/m49/|access-date=2023-10-06|website=U.N. Statistics Division|archive-date=2017-08-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170830170949/https://unstats.un.org/unsd/methodology/m49/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=What countries are in Eastern Europe?|url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/what-countries-are-in-eastern-europe.htm|website=World Atlas}}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} {{stub}} i12aerfdodhecyneqpxq590ahqy96o3 0 52821 289835 289358 2025-06-18T23:37:27Z InternetArchiveBot 17127 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 289835 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ladawan:Rabbit's_Triumph_-_climax_of_the_Kachi-kachi_Yama.markings_of_Ogata_Gekko.detail_-_image_for_k-k_y_article.version_1.wittig_collection_-_painting_22.png|too|thumb|326x326px| An kulminasyon na eksena kan ''Kachi-kachi Yama'', kun saen an kuneho hinampak an naglulubog nang ''tanuki'' gamit an sarong sagwan, asin ihinahayag an saiyang pagbalos. Detalye gikan sa sarong pinturang Hapon kan mga taon 1890-1900.]] An '''Kachi-kachi Yama''' (かちかち山, an kachi-kachi na sarong onomatopoeia kan tanog na ginigibo kan kalayo asin an yama na nangangahulugan na "bukid", na pigtatradusir sa "Bukid nin Kalayo"), na midbid man bilang Kachi-Kachi Mountain asin An Paraoma asin an Badger, sarong tanlain na Hapon na sarong tanuki, imbes na an mas parateng maribok, mayaman na parainom. == Estorya == [[Ladawan:Japanese_Fairy_Book_-_Ozaki_-_044.png|wala|thumb| An nakagapos ''na tanuki'' na nag-aakit sa babae na butasan siya, gikan sa ''[[The Japanese Fairy Book]]'']] Sa istorya, sarong lalaki an nakadakop nin sarong nakakapurisaw ''na tanuki'' sa saiyang mga oma, asin iginakod ini sa sarong kahoy tanganing gadanon asin lutuon ini sa huri. Kan an lalaki maghale pasiring sa banwaan, an ''tanuki'' naghibi asin nakimaherak sa agom kan lalaki na naggigibo nin ''mochi'', sarong mahamis na putaheng bagas, na patalingkason sia, na nanunuga na tatabangan nia sia. Pinatalingkas kan agom na babae an hayop, tangani sanang ini an magbirik saiya asin gadanon siya. An ''tanuki'' dangan nagplano nin sarong foul trick. Gamit an kakayahan kaini na magbago nin porma, an ''tanuki'' nagsagin-sagin na agom asin nagluto nin sopas, na ginagamit an laman kan gadan na babae. Pag-uli kan lalaki, pigserbihan siya kan ''tanuki'' kan sabaw. Pagkatapos kan pagkakan, an ''tanuki'' nagbalik sa orihinal na itsura kaini asin naghayag kan saiyang pagtraydor bago nagdulag asin binayaan an pobreng tawo sa pagkabigla asin kamunduan. Bago maghale an ''tanuki'', pinagngisihan niya an lalaki asin nagsabi, "Ika na gurang na parakakan nin agom! Dai mo nahiling an mga tulang sa irarom kan salog?". Dawa ngani hinabol kan lalaki an ''tanuki'', nakadulag an ''tanuki'' . === An kuneho nag-ayon sa === [[Ladawan:Japanese_Fairy_Book_-_Ozaki_-_049.png|thumb| An bugkos sinulo]] An mag-agom nagin marahay na magkatood sa sarong kuneho na nakaistar sa harani. An kuneho nagrani sa lalaki asin sinabihan ini na ini an mabalos sa pagkagadan kan saiyang agom. Sa pagsaginsagin na makipag-amigo sa ''tanuki'', an kuneho imbes pinasakitan ini sa manlaen-laen na paagi, poon sa paghulog nin salag nin putyukan sa ibabaw kaini sagkod sa 'pagbolong' kan mga kagat gamit an sarong [[Sili|paminta]] na kataplas na naglalaad. An titulo kan istorya gikan sa orog na masakit na trick na ginibo kan kuneho. Mantang an ''tanuki'' may darang magabat na karga nin sindi sa saiyang likod tanganing maggibo nin kalayo para sa banggi, siya nagagabat na gayo kaya dai niya tulos narisa kan sinulo kan kuneho an sindi. Dai nahaloy, an tanog nin pag-itok nakaabot sa talinga kaini asin hinapot kaini an kuneho kun ano an tanog. "Iyan si ''Kachi-Kachi Yama'' " an simbag kan kuneho. "Bakong harayo kita digdi, kaya bakong makangangalas na madadangog mo ini!". Sa katapustapusi, an kalayo nakaabot sa likod kan tanuki, na sinulo iyan nin grabe, alagad dai iyan nagadan. === Sarong baroto na gibo sa laboy === An ''tanuki'' nag-agyat sa kuneho sa sarong buhay o kagadanan na kompetisyon tanganing patunayan kun siisay an mas marahay na linalang. An lambang saro sainda dapat na maggibo nin sarong baroto asin magdalagan sa sarong danaw sa laog kaini. An kuneho nag-ukit kan saiyang baroto hale sa sarong natumba na poon nin kahoy, alagad an lolong ''na tanuki'' naggibo nin sarong baroto na gibo sa laboy. Sa ibang bersyon an kuneho an naggibo kan duwang baroto. An duwang kakompetensya pantay-pantay sa primero, alagad an baroto na gibo sa laboy kan tanuki nagpoon na matunaw sa tahaw kan danaw. Mantang an ''tanuki'' dai nagigibo sa saiyang pakikipaglaban na magdanay na naglalataw, an kuneho nagproklamar kan saiyang pakikikatood sa mag-agom na tawo, asin na ini an padusa kan tanuki para sa saiyang makatatakot na mga gibo. Sa ibang bersyon an kuneho tinatamaan an ''tanuki'' gamit an saiyang sagwan tanganing maseguro na siya malubog. An kuneho dangan nagbalik sa harong kan gurang na lalaki asin sinabi saiya an manungod sa pagbalos, na nakapaginhawa sa gurang na lalaki. Nagpapasalamat siya sa kuneho sa saiyang ginibo. === Mga Pagkakaiba-iba === Igwa pang ibang mga bersyon na nagbabago kan nagkapirang detalye kan istorya, arog kan grabe kan ginibo kan tanuki sa babae asin kun pano nakua kan ''tanuki'' an baroto na gibo sa laboy. == Mga reperensia sa presenteng panahon == An Mt. Kachi Kachi asin an Tenjō-Yama Park kaini na Mt. Kachi Kachi Ropeway nanonongod sa istoryang ini asin igwa nin mga estatuwa na naglaladawan nin mga parte kan istorya. An istasyon nin tren kan Shikoku Tanuki Train Line sa Hapon naggagamit kan slogan na "An samong mga tren bakong gibo sa laboy", sarong direktang pagsambit sa osipon na "Kachi-Kachi Yama". Sa anime na Kuroko no Basuke (S3E7), kan si Ryota Kise nagkurahaw sa kaogmahan manungod sa saiyang enot na laro bilang sarong starter para ki Teiko, si Atsushi Murasakibara nagsabi na pupugulan niya sinda asin ilulunod sinda arog kan sarong baroto na gibo sa laboy, na si Shintaro Midorima direktang nagtutukdo ki Kachi-kachi Yama An istorya kan video game ''na Keio Flying Squadron'' {{'}} kan osipon, na may sarong babaeng kuneho, si Rami Nanahikari, na nakalunad sa saiyang dragon na si Spot tanganing kuanon an hinabon na susi kan saiyang suanoy na pamilya hale sa super intelihenteng ''tanuki'', si Dr. Pon Eho. An paradisenyo nin mga kawat na si Satoru Honda an nagmukna asin nagpili ki Rami bilang pangenot na bida huli ta siya nagtutubod na huli ta an sarong kuneho iyo an pangenot na karakter dai nangangahulugan na ini dapat na sarong aktuwal na kuneho, asin nag-isip manongod sa mga babaeng kuneho kun iniisip sinda. An manwal para sa sequel kan laro, ''an Keio Flying Squadron 2'', igwa pa ngani nin kahoy na panggatong asin mga baroto na gibo sa laboy na nakalista sa profile ni Dr. Pon bilang saiyang mga habo, sa pagsambit sa istorya. Sa video game na ''Super Mario Sunshine'', sa lebel na "Noki Bay", nasabat ni Mario an sarong "Tanooki" na nagtatao nin libreng pagsakay sa mga baroto na gibo sa laboy, sarong malinaw na pagsambit sa baroto na ginamit kan ''tanuki'' sa osipon na ini. Mantang an mga barotong ini puedeng magdanay na naglalataw, iyan matunaw kun sinda magdadanay na dai naghihiro nin halawig na panahon o kun sinda makabangga nin sarong bagay. An saro pang reperensya sa sarong produkto kan Nintendo makukua sa panlaog na pangaran para sa saindang in-house, custom NES emulator (na an pangaran Kachikachi) na pre-installed sa NES Classic Edition . Sa anime ''na Hoozuki no Reitetsu'', an kuneho saro sa pinakamarahay na parapasakit sa Impiyerno, na nag-aanggot nin buta kun may nagsasabi kan tataramon na ''tanuki'' /raccoon. Sa anime ''na Heya Camp'', an mga pangenot na karakter nagbisita sa Mt. Kachi Kachi asin isinaysay an osipon mantang nagsasakay sa ropeway. Salang paggirumdom ninda kan mga detalye, alagad, pighahalo an mga porsyon kan pabula na An Pawikan asin an Liebre siring man an paghale kan makaturotristeng tono kan orihinal, kaiba an pahayag na, "Sinda gabos nabuhay na maogma sagkod pa man." An gabos na ini nagseserbing makalibog sa ibang mga paradalan sa cable car kaiba ninda. Sa anime ''na BNA'', an mga karakter sa sarong kalaban na sports team nagtutuya sa mayor na karakter na si Michiru (sarong tanuki Beastman ) sa pagsabi na dapat siyang maggibo nin sarong baroto na gibo sa laboy imbes na mag-aling nin baseball. Sa mobile video game ''na The Battle Cats'', igwa nin sarong yunit sa laro na inaapod na Kachi-Kachi. An yunit sarong modernisadong bersyon kan parte kan istorya na nagdadara nin kahoy. An raccoon may darang kahoy, asin an sarong pusa igwa nin flamethrower, na nagbabadil sa raccoon. An mga raccoon nagduduko asin an kalayo naghuhuyop sa kalaban. Sa lebel 10, ini nag-evolve pasiring sa Fire Squad Kachiyama. An yunit na ini sarong raccoon na nagkokontrol kan hose kan sarong fire truck, na kadakol na mga pusa an nagmamaneho kaini, alagad, bakong arog kan tunay na mga fire truck, an fire truck na ini nagpapaputok nin aktuwal na mga bola nin kalayo. Sa lebel 30 gamit an catfruit ini nag-evolve pasiring sa Kachiyama Assault Brigade asin an fire truck nagkakaigwa nin kolor, siring man nagkakaigwa nin mas rikas asin nagbabago kan saiyang kakayahan. Sa stage play kan Ace Attorney na "Turnabout Gold Medal", igwa nin eksena kun saen an bida na si Phoenix Wright asin an kalaban na piskal na si Franziska Von Karma nagdidiskutiran sa virtual reality manungod sa mga elemento kan istorya arog kan kuneho asin an tanuki, sunod-sunod. Sa anime ''na Urusei Yatsura'', sarong aki an nagproklamar na "Ini si Kachi-Kachi Yama!" kan mahiling an pangenot na karakter na si Ataru na nagdadalagan mantang an saiyang mga gubing sinusulo kan nagsusuportang karakter na si Ten. Sa manga na False Child an nagbabagong porma na tanuki na bida nagpili kan librong ini sa libreriya bago siya nadisganar sa pagpili kaini kan saiyang surrogate mother figure. An sarong nag-aagi na pagsambit sa istoryang ini nangyayari sa animated na pelikula ''na Pom Poko'' (1994, [[Studio Ghibli]] ). == Dangog == An Kachi-Kachi Yama sarong Satoyama(里山,さとやま, termino sa Hapon na pig-aaplikar sa sona kan linderos o lugar sa pag-ultanan kan mga pamitisan kan bukid asin patag na daga na pwedeng atanuman.) An aroaldaw na buhay kan mga tawo kan mga suanoy na panahon na harani sa naturalesa naggibo nin kadakol na mga osipon na Hapon. Siring man, masasabutan ta an saindang estilo nin pamumuhay asin an pagmati kan naturalesa gikan sa mga osipon kan mga Hapon. == Bersyon ni Osamu Dazai == Isinurat giraray [[Osamu Dazai|ni Osamu Dazai]] an Kachi-Kachi Yama sa saiyang orihinal na interpretasyon sa Otogi-zōshi (お伽草紙, sarong koleksyon nin mga halipot na istoryang Hapon), sarong nakagagadan na istorya kun saen an kuneho sarong magayon na tin-edyer na daragita na mapag-isip asin maringis, asin an tanuki sarong lolong na lalaki na namomoot asin nagdadanay na nagsusunod saiya. == Hilingon man == * ''Bunbuku Chagama'', saro pang osipon kan mga Hapon manungod sa ''tanuki'' == Mga Reperensya == {{Reflist}}2. https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jjsk/56/0/56_KJ00005650324/_pdf/-char/ja 3.太宰治『御伽草子』新潮社、1972年 4. https://komajo.repo.nii.ac.jp/index.php?action=repository_action_common_download&item_id=679&item_no=1&attribute_id=19&file_no=1&page_id=13&block_id=21、p,11{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} == Mga panluwas na sumpay == {{Commons category-inline|Kachi-kachi Yama}} Ingles Wikisource igwa nin orihinal na teksto na may relasyon sa artikulong ini: An Paraoma asin an Teson Kach-Kachi Mountain facsimile kan sarong huring ika-19 siglong may ilustrasyon na bersyon kan libro nin istorya kan aki, sa Ingles {{poon}} [[Kategorya:Pages with unreviewed translations]] dplra2ugb4lkf9l4lyeooamhi8cb1rh 0 52872 289858 289533 2025-06-19T03:32:19Z InternetArchiveBot 17127 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 289858 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Distinguish|Mona Lisa's Smile}} {{Infobox pelikula}} An '''''Mona Lisa Smile''''' sarong Amerikanong drama na pelikula kan 2003 na pigprodusir kan Revolution Studios asin Columbia Pictures sa pakikipagtabangan sa Red Om Films Productions, na pigdirehiran ni Mike Newell, na isinurat ni Lawrence Konner asin Mark Rosenthal, asin pigbidahan ni Julia Roberts, Kirsten Dunst, Julia Stiles, asin Maggial Gllenha. An titulo sarong pagsangguni sa ''[[Mona Lisa]]'', an bantog na pintura ni [[Leonardo Da Vinci|Leonardo da Vinci]], asin sa kanta na may parehong pangaran, na orihinal na pigkanta ni [[Nat King Cole]], na pig-cover ni Seal para sa pelikula. Si Julia Roberts nakaresibe nin rekord na $25 milyon para sa saiyang pagganap, an pinakahalangkaw na nakua kan sarong aktres kan panahon na idto. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/2007/01/17/richest-women-entertainment-tech-media-cz_lg_richwomen07_0118womenstars_slide_9.html|title=The 20 Richest Women In Entertainment}}</ref> == Estorya == Kan 1953, an 30-anyos na si Katherine Ann Watson nag-ako nin posisyon sa pagtukdo nin Art History sa Wellesley College. Marikas niyang naaraman na an saiyang mga estudyante nakapagmemorya kan bilog na libro asin silabus, kaya ipinamidbid niya an modernong arte asin ineenkaminar an diskusyon manungod sa kun ano an arte. Hinahagad man ni Katherine an saiyang mga estudyante na makamit an mas dakul sa buhay kisa sa pag-agom sana. An prangka asin konserbatibong si Betty Warren nagsusurat nin mga editoryal para sa peryodiko sa kolehiyo, asin nag-iinsistir na igwa nin unibersal na pamantayan para sa kun ano an marhay na arte. Inaatake niya si Katherine huli sa pag-adbokasiya na an mga babae maghanap nin mga karera apuera sa pag-agom asin ibinubuyagyag an nars sa eskwelahan asin lesbyanang si Amanda Armstrong huli sa pagtao nin kontrasepsyon sa mga estudyante, na nagresulta sa saiyang pagkatanggal sa trabaho. Gustong-gusto ni Betty na magpakasal sa saiyang nobyo na si Spencer asin naglalaom kan tradisyonal na mga eksemsyon sa mga may agom na estudyante; alagad, nag-iinsistir si Katherine na tatawan niya siya nin grado base sa merito asin naglalaom na matapos niya an gabos na asignasyon asin eksaminasyon. Kan an buhay may agom ni Betty dai nagin marahay, nagpoon siyang iluwas an saiyang mga pagkadisganar sa ibang mga daragita, partikularmente ki Connie asin Giselle. Si Betty parateng pigtutuyaw si Connie Baker asin nag-iinsistir na an saiyang pinsan, si Charlie, dinadara sana si Connie sa saiyang resepsyon sa kasal bilang pabor sana. Nabigla si Connie kan magpahayag ini nin tunay na interes sa saiya, asin nagpoon sindang mag-ilusyonan. Si Connie nagputol kan mga bagay-bagay pagkatapos na sabihon ni Betty na si Charlie talagang nakiki-ilusyon ki Deb, an aking babae kan mag-agom na iniiwasan ni Charlie mantang sinda nagbabakasyon. Sinasabi ni Betty na si Connie sarong kaswal na pakikipag-olay sana na pighihingoang itago ni Charlie. Makaagi an pirang semana, nagkahilingan giraray sina Connie asin Charlie, na iginiit na nagpundo na siyang maghilingan ki Deb kang nakaaging summer asin nagpuon sana man lang siya maki-ilusyon sa saiyang presenteng nobya kan magpundo si Connie na makipaghilingan saiya. Si Connie nagluluha na pig-atubang si Betty huli sa pagputik asin pagigin makulog, na naghahapot kun tano ta dai siya tinugutan ni Betty na magin maogma.Naghihibing sinudya ni Connie si Betty dahil sa paghambog kaini asin pangungulog, hinahapot kun tano habo ni Betty na magin maugma siya. Pagkatapos, nilaog ni Connie si Charlie sa dorm niya para maghagad ning saro pang pagkakataon, asin pigbalik ninda and saindang relasyon. Si Joan Brandwyn nag-iisip na mag-adal nin abogasiya sa Yale Law School, kaya inenkaminar siya ni Katherine na mag-aplay. Dawa ngani inako, nagsayuma si Joan sa pag-ako, imbes na nagdulag kaiba si Tom Donegal. Kan sabihon ni Joan ki Katherine na iyo ini an tunay niyang gusto, si Katherine nagtao nin mga pagbati asin nagmamawot kan saiyang kaogmahan. Si Giselle Levy liberal pag abot sa sex asin nagkaigwa nin nagkapirang mga namomotan, kabali an propesor na Italyano sa Wellesley, si Bill Dunbar. Nag-move on siya saiya kan sinda ni Katherine nagpoon na mag-date. Hinahangaan ni Giselle si Katherine sa pag-engganyar sa independensya kan mga estudyante. Nakua niya an pagkaongis ni Betty mantang an saiyang pag-agom nararaot. An nobyo ni Katherine sa California na si Paul dai linalaoman na nagbisita asin nagproponer, alagad si Katherine nagsayuma asin sinda nagsuway. Nagpoon siyang maki-ilusyon ki Bill Dunbar, na perming nag-iistorya nin mga istorya manungod sa saiyang serbisyo sa gera sa Italya. Si Bill nagkaigwa nin mga relasyon sa mga estudyante, kaiba si Giselle, kaya nag-insistir si Katherine na pumondo na siya. Kan maaraman na dai man nanggad naglingkod sa Italya si Bill asin nakadestino sana sa Army Languages Center sa Long Island, tinapos ni Katherine an relasyon ninda. Naraot an kasal ni betty kan magloko saiya si Spencer. Naghali si Betty saiya pero nag-demand ang mama niya na patawadon niya ini. Sinudya niya si Giselle sa saindang dorm, kan inot inaatake niya dahil sa pagiging malandi, hanggang sa naghibi na ini. Si Giselle sana ang estudyanteng nakakaaram tungkol sa kagibuhan ni Spencer asin pigranga si Betty. Nagbabasol si Betty sa pag-insulto niya ki Katherine sa saiyang mga editoryal. Sa kahurihurihi, si Betty nag-file nin diborsyo, asin siya asin si Giselle nagplano na maghanap nin apartment sa Greenwich Village. Kan an ina ni Betty kinomprontar siya sa gradwasyon, si Betty pigsaway siya asin tinawan nin kredito si Katherine bilang iyo sana an nagsuporta saiya, na nanunuga na mamuhay kan saiyang sadiring buhay. Sa ibong kan dai pag-uyon sa progresibong mga paagi sa pagtutukdo ni Katherine, inimbitar siya kan adminsitradoir kan Wellesley na magbalik sa susunod na taon huli ta popular na gayo an saiyang kurso, alagad sa irarom kan estriktong kondisyon. Dae nagtugot si Katherine asin naghali sa trabaho. Idinusay ni Betty an huri niyang editoryal para saiya, na hinahangaan siya sa pamumuhay bilang sarong halimbawa asin hinahamon sindang hilingon ang mundo sa bagong pananaw. Habang pahali si Katherine sa taxi, sinunod siya kan mga estudyante niya sa saindang bisikleta para magpaaram. == Mga nagganap == * [[Julia Roberts]] as Katherine Ann Watson * [[Kirsten Dunst]] as Elizabeth "Betty" Warren (Jones) * [[Julia Stiles]] as Joan Brandwyn (Donegal) * [[Maggie Gyllenhaal]] as Giselle Levy * [[Juliet Stevenson]] as Amanda Armstrong * [[Dominic West]] as Bill Dunbar * [[Ginnifer Goodwin]] as Constance "Connie" Baker * [[Topher Grace]] as Tommy Donegal * [[John Slattery]] as Paul Moore * [[Marcia Gay Harden]] as Nancy Abbey * [[Jordan Bridges]] as Spencer Jones * [[Marian Seldes]] as President Jocelyn Carr * [[Donna Mitchell]] as Mrs. Warren * [[Terence Rigby]] as Dr. Edward Staunton * [[Laura Allen]] as Susan Delacorte * [[Tori Amos]] as wedding singer * [[Emily Bauer]] as a student * Lisa Roberts Gillan as Miss Albini * [[Annika Marks]] as a student * [[Ebon Moss-Bachrach]] as Charlie Stewart * [[Lily Rabe]] as a student * [[Krysten Ritter]] as a student * [[Christopher J. Burke]] as janitor == Produksiyon == Si Melanie Lynskey nag-audition para sa mga papel ni Connie asin Giselle. == Soundtrack ==  <div class="track-listing"> {| class="tracklist" ! class="tracklist-number-header" scope="col" |<abbr title="Number">No.</abbr> ! scope="col" style="width:60%" |Title ! scope="col" style="width:40%" |Performer ! class="tracklist-length-header" scope="col" |Length |- ! scope="row" |1. |"[[Mona Lisa (Nat King Cole song)|Mona Lisa]]" |[[Seal (musician)|Seal]] | class="tracklist-length" |3:11 |- ! scope="row" |2. |"[[You Belong to Me (1952 song)|You Belong to Me]]" |[[Tori Amos]] | class="tracklist-length" |3:03 |- ! scope="row" |3. |"[[Bewitched, Bothered and Bewildered|Bewitched]]" |[[Celine Dion]] | class="tracklist-length" |2:45 |- ! scope="row" |4. |"The Heart of Every Girl" |[[Elton John]] | class="tracklist-length" |3:40 |- ! scope="row" |5. |"[[Santa Baby]]" |[[Macy Gray]] | class="tracklist-length" |3:29 |- ! scope="row" |6. |"[[Happy Go Lucky (1943 film)|Murder, He Says]]" |Tori Amos | class="tracklist-length" |3:22 |- ! scope="row" |7. |"[[Besame Mucho]]" |[[Chris Isaak]] | class="tracklist-length" |2:46 |- ! scope="row" |8. |"[[Secret Love (Doris Day song)|Secret Love]]" |[[Mandy Moore]] | class="tracklist-length" |3:40 |- ! scope="row" |9. |"[[What'll I Do]]" |[[Alison Krauss]] | class="tracklist-length" |3:12 |- ! scope="row" |10. |"[[Istanbul (Not Constantinople)]]" |[[Trevor Horn|The Trevor Horn Orchestra]] | class="tracklist-length" |2:26 |- ! scope="row" |11. |"[[Sh-Boom|Sh-Boom (Life Could Be a Dream)]]" |The Trevor Horn Orchestra | class="tracklist-length" |2:49 |- ! scope="row" |12. |"[[I'm Beginning to See the Light]]" |[[Kelly Rowland]] | class="tracklist-length" |1:47 |- ! scope="row" |13. |"[[I've Got the World on a String]]" |[[Lisa Stansfield]] | class="tracklist-length" |2:20 |- ! scope="row" |14. |"[[Smile (Charlie Chaplin song)|Smile]]" |[[Barbra Streisand]] | class="tracklist-length" |4:17 |- ! scope="row" |15. |"Suite" |[[Rachel Portman]] | class="tracklist-length" |5:33 |- class="tracklist-total-length" ! colspan="3" scope="row" |<span>Total length:</span> |48:27 |} </div> == Box office == Sa enot na katapusan kan semana, ''an Mona Lisa Smile'' nagin ikaduwa sa US box office, na nakakua nin [[Dolyar kan Estados Unidos|US$]] 11,528,498 sa likod ''kan The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King'' . Sa katapusan kan pagdalagan kaini, mantang an pelikula nakaganar nin kagalang-galang na $141,337,989 sa bilog na kinaban, an domestic gross kaini sa Estados Unidos dai nakaabot sa $65 milyones na badyet kaini, na nagkulang sa $63,860,942. == Resepsyon == ''An Mona Lisa Smile'' nakaresibe nin magkakalaen sagkod negatibong mga pagrepaso gikan sa mga kritiko nin pelikula. Sa Rotten Tomatoes, igwa ining 33% na rating nin pag-aprobar base sa 150 na mga pagrepaso, na may average na marka na 4.9/10 asin sarong pinagkasunduan: "Dawa an ''Mona Lisa Smile'' nag-eespouse kan halaga kan pagraot kan mga ulang, an pelikula mismo predictable." Sa Metacritic, an pelikula igwa nin timbang na average na marka na 45 sa 100, base sa 40 na kritiko, na nagpapahiling nin "mixed o average na mga pagrepaso". Sa sarong tipikal na pagrepaso, si Claudia Puig kan ''USA Today'' nagsurat, "ini an ''Dead Poets Society'' bilang sarong chick flick, na mayong nakakapukaw na drama asin inspirasyon... dawa si Roberts garo dai kumbinsido. Nagtatao siya nin medyo blah na pagganap na garo baga bako siyang lubos na komitido sa saiyang karakter... Imbes na magin sarong nakakaakit na pag-eksplorar nin sarong mas limitadong panahon sa satuyang sosyal na pelikula garo baga anachronistic. An pelikula maninigo sa sarong solidong 'C' para sa pagigin ordinaryo asin dai nagtataram na apelasyon."<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/life/movies/reviews/2003-12-18-mona-lisa_x.htm|work=USA Today|first1=Claudia|last1=Puig|title=Crooked 'Smile'|date=December 19, 2003}}</ref> An kritiko na si Elizabeth M. Tamny kan ''Chicago Reader'' naghiras kan negatibong pagtasa na ini, na nagsurat na "An parte kan problema iyo na an ''Mona Lisa Smile'' sarong pelikula sa Hollywood, asin an Hollywood bakong marahay sa pagladawan kan buhay kan isip... Asin si Julia Roberts bakong tabang--gusto mo man siya o dai, alagad sa arin man na paagi igwa nin kadikit na talento sa paggibo kaini an lalagan para sa mga sinserong reaksyon. An katotoohan iyo na... mas madali an mag-ako nin sarong labi-labing itom-asin-puti na bersyon kan pinaka-importanteng hapot gikan sa pelikula na ini - pwede daw na an mga babae magluto kan saindang keyk asin kakanon man ini?<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Tamny|first1=Elizabeth M.|date=January 15, 2004|title=History Versus Her Story|url=http://www.chicagoreader.com/chicago/history-versus-her-story/Content?oid=914311|work=Chicago Reader|accessdate=June 14, 2025|archivedate=September 5, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905061848/http://www.chicagoreader.com/chicago/history-versus-her-story/Content?oid=914311}}</ref> Si David Ansen kan ''Newsweek'' nagsurat, "Ano an nagdara sa parating astute na si Mike Newell (' ''Four Weddings and a Funeral'' ', ' ''Donnie Brasco'' ') sa proyektong ini? Igwa nin mga paisi na an iskrip (na pigkredito ki Mark Rosenthal asin Lawrence Konner) tibaad nagkaigwa nin mas dakol na mga anino - sarong suhestiyon na an idealismo ni Katherine sarong klase nin kapangyarihan na natatakot; pagkadayupot - alagad an anuman na ambiguidad marikas na pigbabaliwala tanganing tawan nin lugar an Julia lovefest. Si Newell, mayong hack, naghihingoang dai gatasan an mga klise na daing supog, asin iyan an pwedeng magin huring pagraot kan pelikula. Kulang sa tibay kan sadiring kabastusan, ang '''Mona Lisa Smile''<nowiki/>' sarong malipot na lumang tubig na pangkarigos" === Mga Pag-omaw === {| class="wikitable" ! scope="col" style="width:35em;" |Asosasyon ! scope="col" style="width:35em;" | Kategorya ! scope="col" style="width:8em;" | Resipyente ! scope="col" style="width:1em;" | Mga resulta |- | Premyo sa Pelikula na Pinili kan mga Kritiko | Pinakamahusay na Kanta | rowspan="2" | Elton John<br /><br /><br /><br /> Bernie Taupin |{{Nominated}} |- | [[Golden Globe Awards|Golden Globe Award]] | Pinakamarahay na Orihinal na Kanta |{{Nominated}} |- | Phoenix Film Critics Society Award | Pinakamarahay na Paggamit kan Dating Ipinublikar o Narekord na Musika |{{n/a}}|{{Nominated}} |- | Premyo sa Satellite | Pinakamarahay na Orihinal na Kanta | Elton John |{{Nominated}} |- | rowspan="2" | Premyo sa Pagpili nin mga Tin-edyer | Pinili na Aktres sa Pelikula - Drama/Aksyon-Pakikipagsapalaran | Julia Stiles |{{Nominated}} |- | Choice Movie - Sleazebag | Kirsten Dunst|{{Nominated}} |} == Reaksyon gikan sa mga alumnae kan Wellesley asin Wellesley == An kolehiyo nagpaluwas nin sarong opisyal na pahayag na nagpapaliwanag kan saindang desisyon na togotan an pelikula na i-shoot sa campus. Sa sarong mensahe sa mga alumnae kan Wellesley manungod sa pelikula, an presidente kan Wellesley College na si Diana Chapman Walsh nagpahayag nin pagbasol manungod sa nagkapirang mga reaksyon na ginibo kaini, nin huli ta kadakol na mga alumnae kan mga taon 1950 an nakamate na an paglaladawan kan pelikula ki Wellesley bakong eksakto. == Mga Reperensya == <references /> {{Reflist}}{{Notelist}} == Mga panluwas na sumpay == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070520072358/http://www.moviehole.net/news/20031209_2865.html Interbyu ni Julia Roberts para sa ''Mona Lisa Smile''] * {{IMDb title}} * Mona Lisa Smile * {{Rotten Tomatoes}} * Mona Lisa Smile {{Mike Newell}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Mona Lisa Smile}} [[Kategorya:Pages with unreviewed translations]] a07z6qb6vmjglm1cgldcxec2k8azen0 0 52975 289854 289827 2025-06-19T02:11:05Z InternetArchiveBot 17127 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 289854 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ladawan:Federal_states_of_the_Philippines.png|thumb|338x338px|Sarong mapa kan Filipinas na nagpapahiling nin grupo nin mga isla kan [[Luzon]], an [[Visayas]], asin [[Mindanao]]]] Bilang sarong [[archipelago]], an [[Filipinas]] kompwesto nin haros 7,641 na mga isla<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.namria.gov.ph/list.php?id=1032&alias=administrator-tiangco-welcomes-2017&Archive=1|title=Administrator Tiangco welcomes 2017|publisher=National Mapping and Resource Information Authority (NAMRIA)|access-date=November 15, 2017|archive-date=January 21, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200121203939/http://www.namria.gov.ph/list.php?id=1032&alias=administrator-tiangco-welcomes-2017&Archive=1|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref name="namria">{{cite news|last1=Mayuga|first1=Jonathan|title=Namria 'discovers' 400 previously 'unknown' PHL islands using IfSAR|url=http://www.businessmirror.com.ph/namria-discovers-400-previously-unknown-phl-islands-using-ifsar/|access-date=February 12, 2016|publisher=BusinessMirror|date=February 10, 2016}}</ref> tinipon na magin [[Mga grupo nin isla kan Filipinas|tulong mayor na grupo nin mga isla]]: [[Luzon]], an [[Visayas]], asin [[Mindanao]]. Solamenteng haros 2,000 na mga isla an pig-iistaran,<ref name="phislands">[http://www.philippinetourism.com.au/pressoct10.html Magical Islands] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130707073614/http://www.philippinetourism.com.au/pressoct10.html|date=July 7, 2013}}, Philippine Tourism, retrieved 2012</ref> asin labi pa sa 5,000 an opisyal pang pagpangaranan.<ref name="namria" /> An minasunod na lista pigbabanga an mga isla susog sa [[Rehiyon kan Filipinas|rehiyon]] asin saradit na [[Mga grupo nin isla kan Filipinas|grupo nin isla]] para sa madaling pagreperensya. ==Luzon== ===Babuyan group=== {{div col|colwidth=16em}} * [[Babuyan Island]] * [[Balintang Islands]] * [[Barit Island]] * [[Calayan Island]] * [[Camiguin de Babuyanes|Camiguin Island]] * [[Dalupiri Island (Cagayan)|Dalupiri Island]] * [[Didicas Volcano|Didicas Island]] * [[Fuga Island]] * [[Iroo Island]] * [[Maybag Island]] * [[Pamoctan Island]] * [[Pan de Azucar Island (Babuyan)|Pan de Azucar Island]] * [[Panuitan Island]] * [[Pinon Island]] {{div col end}} ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} {{stub}} 9a0pwitdqa7xp42eyg3jzu1eouxw58q 0 52976 289830 2025-06-18T19:07:09Z 2806:2F0:55C1:CC29:2471:F34C:5835:E870 Pinagmukna an pahina kaining "{{speciesbox | name = Asian black bear | status = VU | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref = <ref name=iucn>{{cite iucn |title=''Ursus thibetanus'' |name-list-style=amp |author=Garshelis, D. |author2=Steinmetz, R. |date=2020 |page=e.T22824A166528664 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22824A166528664.en |access-date=16 January 2022}}</ref> | status2 = CITES_A1 | status2_system = CITES | status2_ref = <ref name=iucn/> | fossil_range = {{fossilrange|Early Pliocen..." 289830 wikitext text/x-wiki {{speciesbox | name = Asian black bear | status = VU | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref = <ref name=iucn>{{cite iucn |title=''Ursus thibetanus'' |name-list-style=amp |author=Garshelis, D. |author2=Steinmetz, R. |date=2020 |page=e.T22824A166528664 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22824A166528664.en |access-date=16 January 2022}}</ref> | status2 = CITES_A1 | status2_system = CITES | status2_ref = <ref name=iucn/> | fossil_range = {{fossilrange|Early Pliocene|Recent}} | image = Ursus thibetanus 3 (Wroclaw zoo).JPG | image_caption = At [[Wrocław Zoo]], Poland | genus = Ursus | species = thibetanus | authority = [[Georges Cuvier|G. Cuvier]], 1823 | synonyms = ''Selenarctos thibetanus''<br />''Ursus torquatus'' (Blandford 1888) | subdivision_ranks = Subspecies | subdivision = 7, see [[#Taxonomy|text]] | range_map = Asian black bear distribution.jpg | range_map_caption = Asian black bear range in 2016 }} An '''Asian black bear''' (''Ursus thibetanus''), na midbid man sa apod na '''Asiatic black bear''', '''moon bear''' asin '''white-chested bear''', sarong katamtaman an kadakulaan na klase nin [[oso]] na tubong Asya na kadaklan nakaadaptar sa sarong estilo nin pamumuhay sa kahoy. Ini nawawaras poon sa sur-subangan na [[Iran]], [[Pakistan]], [[Indya]] asin mga [[Himalaya]] sagkod sa Mainland Sur-subangan na Asya, sa Korean Peninsula, [[Tsina]] asin sa Harayong Sirangan kan [[Rusya]] sagkod sa mga isla nin Honshū asin Shikoku sa [[Hapon]]. ==Toltolan== {{stub}} n6nal73rdnrjxq3h2nfb0pc1baq2774 0 52977 289837 2025-06-19T00:24:52Z Crystal East 25362 Created by translating the opening section from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1294228350|Sub-Saharan Africa]]" 289837 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ladawan:Sub-Saharan_Africa_definition_UN.png|thumb|'''Combined green:''' Definition of "sub-Saharan Africa" as used in the statistics of [[United Nations]] institutions '''Lighter green''': The [[Sudan]], classified as a part of [[North Africa]] by the [[United Nations Statistics Division]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://unstats.un.org/unsd/methods/m49/m49regin.htm|title=Composition of macro geographical (continental) regions, geographical sub-regions, and selected economic other groupings|publisher=United Nations Statistics Division|date=11 February 2013|access-date=20 July 2013}} "The designation sub-Saharan Africa is commonly used to indicate all of Africa except northern Africa, with the Sudan included in sub-Saharan Africa."</ref> instead of [[Eastern Africa]], though the organization states that "the assignment of countries or areas to specific groupings is for statistical convenience and does not imply any assumption regarding political or other affiliation of countries or territories."]] [[Ladawan:Africa_map.png|thumb|'''Red''': [[Arab world|Arab states]] in Africa ([[Arab League]] and [[UNESCO]])]] [[Ladawan:East_and_southern_africa_early_iron_age.png|thumb|Simplified climatic map of Africa: sub-Saharan Africa consists of the [[Sahel]] and the [[Horn of Africa]] in the north (yellow), the [[Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands|tropical savannas]] (light green) and the [[Tropical rainforest|tropical rainforests]] (dark green) of [[Equatorial Africa]], and the arid [[Kalahari Basin]] (yellow) and the "[[Mediterranean climate|Mediterranean]]" south coast (olive) of [[Southern Africa]]. The numbers shown correspond to the dates of all [[Iron Age]] artifacts associated with the [[Bantu expansion]].]] h13wie2qh276n5x9dq78cl9jzk454yd 289838 289837 2025-06-19T00:34:22Z Crystal East 25362 289838 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ladawan:Sub-Saharan_Africa_definition_UN.png|thumb|'''Pinaghalong berde:''' Depinisyon kan "sub-Saharang Aprika" susog sa paggamit sa estadistika kan mga institusyon kan [[United Nations]] '''Mapusyaw na berde''': An [[Sudan]], klasipikado bilang kabtang kan [[Amihanan na Aprika]] kan [[United Nations Statistics Division]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://unstats.un.org/unsd/methods/m49/m49regin.htm|title=Composition of macro geographical (continental) regions, geographical sub-regions, and selected economic other groupings|publisher=United Nations Statistics Division|date=11 February 2013|access-date=20 July 2013}} "The designation sub-Saharan Africa is commonly used to indicate all of Africa except northern Africa, with the Sudan included in sub-Saharan Africa."</ref> imbes na kan [[Subangan na Aprika]], minsan ngani naunambitan kan organisasyon na an "the assignment of countries or areas to specific groupings is for statistical convenience and does not imply any assumption regarding political or other affiliation of countries or territories."]] [[Ladawan:Africa_map.png|thumb|'''Pula''': [[Arab world|Arab states]] sa Aprika ([[Arab League]] asin [[UNESCO]])]] [[Ladawan:East_and_southern_africa_early_iron_age.png|thumb|Pinasimpleng mapa manungod sa klima kan Aprika: sub-Saharang Aprika kompwesto kan [[Sahel]] asin kan [[Sungay kan Aprika]] sa amihanan (giyaw), an [[Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands|tropical savannas]] (mapusyaw na berde) asin an [[Tropical rainforest|tropical rainforests]] (madiklom na berde) kan [[Equatorial Africa]], asin an alang na [[Kalahari Basin]] (giyaw) asin an "[[Mediterranean climate|Mediterranean]]" habagatan na baybayon (oliba) kan [[Habagatan na Aprika (rehiyon)|Habagatan na Aprika]]. An bilang na pigpapahiling mina-''correspond'' sa petsa kan gabos na [[Iron Age]] artifacts asosyado sa [[paglakop kan Bantu]].]] 7rtyy5xmyvwqoresrkt26bn82iv8to2 289839 289838 2025-06-19T00:35:57Z Crystal East 25362 289839 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Sub-Saharan Africa | image_map = Sahara Sahel sub-Saharan Africa.svg | map_caption = Geographical map of sub-Saharan Africa{{Center block|{{Leftlegend|#fec44f|The Sahara}}{{Leftlegend|#fd8d3c|The Sahel}}{{Leftlegend|#417d41|Sub-Saharan Africa}}}} | subdivision_type = Major cities | subdivision_name = [[Abidjan]], [[Abuja]], [[Accra]], [[Addis Ababa]], [[Cape Town]], [[Dar es Salaam]], [[Durban]], [[Harare]], [[Johannesburg]], [[Juba]], [[Kampala]], [[Khartoum]], [[Kinshasa]], [[Lagos]], [[Luanda]], [[Lusaka]], [[Mogadishu]], [[Nairobi]], [[Pretoria]], [[Windhoek]], [[Dodoma]], [[Maputo]], [[Jinja, Uganda|Jinja]] | population = {{IncreaseNeutral}} {{UN_Population|Sub-Saharan Africa}} | population_as_of = {{UN_Population|Year}} | population_footnotes = {{efn|group=infobox|Per [[United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees|UNHCR Global Trends]] in 2019, the sub-Saharan population was 1.1 billion.}} | population_demonym = [[List of ethnic groups of Africa|Sub-Saharan African]] | demographics_type1 = Religions (2020) | demographics1_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite web |title=Sub-Saharan Africa Demographics |url=http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/regions/sub-saharan-africa/religious_demography#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2020 |access-date=11 September 2022 |publisher=Pew-Templeton Global Religious Futures Project |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220911205646/http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/regions/sub-saharan-africa/religious_demography#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2020 |archive-date=11 September 2022 }}</ref> | demographics1_title1 = [[Christianity in Africa|Christianity]] | demographics1_info1 = 62.0% | demographics1_title2 = [[Islam in Africa|Islam]] | demographics1_info2 = 31.4% | demographics1_title3 = [[Traditional African religions|Traditional faiths]] | demographics1_info3 = 3.2% | demographics1_title4 = [[Irreligion|No religion]] | demographics1_info4 = 3.0% | demographics1_title5 = Other | demographics1_info5 = 0.4% | blank_name_sec1 = Other information | blank1_name_sec1 = Countries | blank1_info_sec1 = {{Collapsible list |titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:normal; |title = [[#List of countries and regional organisation|49 countries]] |{{flag|Angola|size=23px}} |{{flag|Benin|size=23px}} |{{flag|Botswana|size=23px}} |{{flag|Burkina Faso|size=23px}} |{{flag|Burundi|size=23px}} |{{flag|Cameroon|size=23px}} |{{flag|Cape Verde|size=23px}} |{{flag|Central African Republic|size=23px}} |{{flag|Chad|size=23px}} |{{flag|Comoros|size=23px}} |{{flag|Democratic Republic of the Congo|size=23px}} |{{flag|Republic of the Congo|size=23px}} |{{flag|Djibouti|size=23px}} |{{flag|Equatorial Guinea|size=23px}} |{{flag|Eritrea|size=23px}} |{{flag|Eswatini|size=23px}} |{{flag|Ethiopia|size=23px}} |{{flag|Gabon|size=23px}} |{{flag|Gambia|size=23px}} |{{flag|Ghana|size=23px}} |{{flag|Guinea|size=23px}} |{{flag|Guinea-Bissau|size=23px}} |{{flag|Ivory Coast|size=23px}} |{{flag|Kenya|size=23px}} |{{flag|Lesotho|size=23px}} |{{flag|Liberia|size=23px}} |{{flag|Madagascar|size=23px}} |{{flag|Malawi|size=23px}} |{{flag|Mali|size=23px}} |{{flag|Mauritania|size=23px}} |{{flag|Mauritius|size=23px}} |{{flag|Mozambique|size=23px}} |{{flag|Namibia|size=23px}} |{{flag|Niger|size=23px}} |{{flag|Nigeria|size=23px}} |{{flag|Rwanda|size=23px}} |{{flag|São Tomé and Príncipe|size=23px}} |{{flag|Senegal|size=23px}} |{{flag|Seychelles|size=23px}} |{{flag|Sierra Leone|size=23px}} |{{flag|Somalia|size=23px}} |{{flag|South Africa|size=23px}} |{{flag|South Sudan|size=23px}} |{{flag|Sudan|size=23px}} |{{flag|Tanzania|size=23px}} |{{flag|Togo|size=23px}} |{{flag|Uganda|size=23px}} |{{flag|Zambia|size=23px}} |{{flag|Zimbabwe|size=23px}} }} | blank2_name_sec1 = Languages | blank2_info_sec1 = [[Languages of Africa|Over 1,000 languages]] | blank3_name_sec1 = Internet [[Top-level domain|TLD]] | blank3_info_sec1 = [[.africa]] | footnotes = {{notelist|group=infobox}} }} [[Ladawan:Sub-Saharan_Africa_definition_UN.png|thumb|'''Pinaghalong berde:''' Depinisyon kan "sub-Saharang Aprika" susog sa paggamit sa estadistika kan mga institusyon kan [[United Nations]] '''Mapusyaw na berde''': An [[Sudan]], klasipikado bilang kabtang kan [[Amihanan na Aprika]] kan [[United Nations Statistics Division]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://unstats.un.org/unsd/methods/m49/m49regin.htm|title=Composition of macro geographical (continental) regions, geographical sub-regions, and selected economic other groupings|publisher=United Nations Statistics Division|date=11 February 2013|access-date=20 July 2013}} "The designation sub-Saharan Africa is commonly used to indicate all of Africa except northern Africa, with the Sudan included in sub-Saharan Africa."</ref> imbes na kan [[Subangan na Aprika]], minsan ngani naunambitan kan organisasyon na an "the assignment of countries or areas to specific groupings is for statistical convenience and does not imply any assumption regarding political or other affiliation of countries or territories."]] [[Ladawan:Africa_map.png|thumb|'''Pula''': [[Arab world|Arab states]] sa Aprika ([[Arab League]] asin [[UNESCO]])]] [[Ladawan:East_and_southern_africa_early_iron_age.png|thumb|Pinasimpleng mapa manungod sa klima kan Aprika: sub-Saharang Aprika kompwesto kan [[Sahel]] asin kan [[Sungay kan Aprika]] sa amihanan (giyaw), an [[Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands|tropical savannas]] (mapusyaw na berde) asin an [[Tropical rainforest|tropical rainforests]] (madiklom na berde) kan [[Equatorial Africa]], asin an alang na [[Kalahari Basin]] (giyaw) asin an "[[Mediterranean climate|Mediterranean]]" habagatan na baybayon (oliba) kan [[Habagatan na Aprika (rehiyon)|Habagatan na Aprika]]. An bilang na pigpapahiling mina-''correspond'' sa petsa kan gabos na [[Iron Age]] artifacts asosyado sa [[paglakop kan Bantu]].]] ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} {{stub}} t5h539afnldvo2vbywlbo4cb8ai1zzk 289841 289839 2025-06-19T00:36:37Z Crystal East 25362 289841 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Sub-Saharan Africa | image_map = Sahara Sahel sub-Saharan Africa.svg | map_caption = Geographical map of sub-Saharan Africa{{Center block|{{Leftlegend|#fec44f|The Sahara}}{{Leftlegend|#fd8d3c|The Sahel}}{{Leftlegend|#417d41|Sub-Saharan Africa}}}} | subdivision_type = Major cities | subdivision_name = [[Abidjan]], [[Abuja]], [[Accra]], [[Addis Ababa]], [[Cape Town]], [[Dar es Salaam]], [[Durban]], [[Harare]], [[Johannesburg]], [[Juba]], [[Kampala]], [[Khartoum]], [[Kinshasa]], [[Lagos]], [[Luanda]], [[Lusaka]], [[Mogadishu]], [[Nairobi]], [[Pretoria]], [[Windhoek]], [[Dodoma]], [[Maputo]], [[Jinja, Uganda|Jinja]] | population = {{IncreaseNeutral}} {{UN_Population|Sub-Saharan Africa}} | population_as_of = {{UN_Population|Year}} | population_footnotes = {{efn|group=infobox|Per [[United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees|UNHCR Global Trends]] in 2019, the sub-Saharan population was 1.1 billion.}} | population_demonym = [[List of ethnic groups of Africa|Sub-Saharan African]] | demographics_type1 = Religions (2020) | demographics1_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite web |title=Sub-Saharan Africa Demographics |url=http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/regions/sub-saharan-africa/religious_demography#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2020 |access-date=11 September 2022 |publisher=Pew-Templeton Global Religious Futures Project |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220911205646/http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/regions/sub-saharan-africa/religious_demography#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2020 |archive-date=11 September 2022 }}</ref> | demographics1_title1 = [[Christianity in Africa|Christianity]] | demographics1_info1 = 62.0% | demographics1_title2 = [[Islam in Africa|Islam]] | demographics1_info2 = 31.4% | demographics1_title3 = [[Traditional African religions|Traditional faiths]] | demographics1_info3 = 3.2% | demographics1_title4 = [[Irreligion|No religion]] | demographics1_info4 = 3.0% | demographics1_title5 = Other | demographics1_info5 = 0.4% | blank_name_sec1 = Other information | blank1_name_sec1 = Countries | blank1_info_sec1 = {{Collapsible list |titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:normal; |title = [[#List of countries and regional organisation|49 countries]] |{{flag|Angola|size=23px}} |{{flag|Benin|size=23px}} |{{flag|Botswana|size=23px}} |{{flag|Burkina Faso|size=23px}} |{{flag|Burundi|size=23px}} |{{flag|Cameroon|size=23px}} |{{flag|Cape Verde|size=23px}} |{{flag|Central African Republic|size=23px}} |{{flag|Chad|size=23px}} |{{flag|Comoros|size=23px}} |{{flag|Democratic Republic of the Congo|size=23px}} |{{flag|Republic of the Congo|size=23px}} |{{flag|Djibouti|size=23px}} |{{flag|Equatorial Guinea|size=23px}} |{{flag|Eritrea|size=23px}} |{{flag|Eswatini|size=23px}} |{{flag|Ethiopia|size=23px}} |{{flag|Gabon|size=23px}} |{{flag|Gambia|size=23px}} |{{flag|Ghana|size=23px}} |{{flag|Guinea|size=23px}} |{{flag|Guinea-Bissau|size=23px}} |{{flag|Ivory Coast|size=23px}} |{{flag|Kenya|size=23px}} |{{flag|Lesotho|size=23px}} |{{flag|Liberia|size=23px}} |{{flag|Madagascar|size=23px}} |{{flag|Malawi|size=23px}} |{{flag|Mali|size=23px}} |{{flag|Mauritania|size=23px}} |{{flag|Mauritius|size=23px}} |{{flag|Mozambique|size=23px}} |{{flag|Namibia|size=23px}} |{{flag|Niger|size=23px}} |{{flag|Nigeria|size=23px}} |{{flag|Rwanda|size=23px}} |{{flag|São Tomé and Príncipe|size=23px}} |{{flag|Senegal|size=23px}} |{{flag|Seychelles|size=23px}} |{{flag|Sierra Leone|size=23px}} |{{flag|Somalia|size=23px}} |{{flag|South Africa|size=23px}} |{{flag|South Sudan|size=23px}} |{{flag|Sudan|size=23px}} |{{flag|Tanzania|size=23px}} |{{flag|Togo|size=23px}} |{{flag|Uganda|size=23px}} |{{flag|Zambia|size=23px}} |{{flag|Zimbabwe|size=23px}} }} | blank2_name_sec1 = Languages | blank2_info_sec1 = [[Languages of Africa|Over 1,000 languages]] | blank3_name_sec1 = Internet [[Top-level domain|TLD]] | blank3_info_sec1 = [[.africa]] | footnotes = {{notelist|group=infobox}} }} [[Ladawan:Sub-Saharan_Africa_definition_UN.png|thumb|'''Pinaghalong berde:''' Depinisyon kan "sub-Saharang Aprika" susog sa paggamit sa estadistika kan mga institusyon kan [[United Nations]] '''Mapusyaw na berde''': An [[Sudan]], klasipikado bilang kabtang kan [[Amihanan na Aprika]] kan [[United Nations Statistics Division]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://unstats.un.org/unsd/methods/m49/m49regin.htm|title=Composition of macro geographical (continental) regions, geographical sub-regions, and selected economic other groupings|publisher=United Nations Statistics Division|date=11 February 2013|access-date=20 July 2013}} "The designation sub-Saharan Africa is commonly used to indicate all of Africa except northern Africa, with the Sudan included in sub-Saharan Africa."</ref> imbes na kan [[Subangan na Aprika]], minsan ngani naunambitan kan organisasyon na an "the assignment of countries or areas to specific groupings is for statistical convenience and does not imply any assumption regarding political or other affiliation of countries or territories."]] [[Ladawan:Africa_map.png|thumb|'''Pula''': [[Arab world|Arab states]] sa Aprika ([[Arab League]] asin [[UNESCO]])]] [[Ladawan:East_and_southern_africa_early_iron_age.png|thumb|Pinasimpleng mapa manungod sa klima kan Aprika: sub-Saharang Aprika kompwesto kan [[Sahel]] asin kan [[Sungay kan Aprika]] sa amihanan (giyaw), an [[Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands|tropical savannas]] (mapusyaw na berde) asin an [[Tropical rainforest|tropical rainforests]] (madiklom na berde) kan [[Equatorial Africa]], asin an alang na [[Kalahari Basin]] (giyaw) asin an "[[Mediterranean climate|Mediterranean]]" habagatan na baybayon (oliba) kan [[Habagatan na Aprikang Habagatan]]. An bilang na pigpapahiling mina-''correspond'' sa petsa kan gabos na [[Iron Age]] artifacts asosyado sa [[paglakop kan Bantu]].]] ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} {{stub}} n1eq6wklfs7onkitah4haf15hctqitt 289842 289841 2025-06-19T00:47:18Z Crystal East 25362 289842 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Sub-Saharan Africa | image_map = Sahara Sahel sub-Saharan Africa.svg | map_caption = Geographical map of sub-Saharan Africa{{Center block|{{Leftlegend|#fec44f|The Sahara}}{{Leftlegend|#fd8d3c|The Sahel}}{{Leftlegend|#417d41|Sub-Saharan Africa}}}} | subdivision_type = Major cities | subdivision_name = [[Abidjan]], [[Abuja]], [[Accra]], [[Addis Ababa]], [[Cape Town]], [[Dar es Salaam]], [[Durban]], [[Harare]], [[Johannesburg]], [[Juba]], [[Kampala]], [[Khartoum]], [[Kinshasa]], [[Lagos]], [[Luanda]], [[Lusaka]], [[Mogadishu]], [[Nairobi]], [[Pretoria]], [[Windhoek]], [[Dodoma]], [[Maputo]], [[Jinja, Uganda|Jinja]] | population = {{IncreaseNeutral}} {{UN_Population|Sub-Saharan Africa}} | population_as_of = {{UN_Population|Year}} | population_footnotes = {{efn|group=infobox|Per [[United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees|UNHCR Global Trends]] in 2019, the sub-Saharan population was 1.1 billion.}} | population_demonym = [[List of ethnic groups of Africa|Sub-Saharan African]] | demographics_type1 = Religions (2020) | demographics1_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite web |title=Sub-Saharan Africa Demographics |url=http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/regions/sub-saharan-africa/religious_demography#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2020 |access-date=11 September 2022 |publisher=Pew-Templeton Global Religious Futures Project |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220911205646/http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/regions/sub-saharan-africa/religious_demography#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2020 |archive-date=11 September 2022 }}</ref> | demographics1_title1 = [[Christianity in Africa|Christianity]] | demographics1_info1 = 62.0% | demographics1_title2 = [[Islam in Africa|Islam]] | demographics1_info2 = 31.4% | demographics1_title3 = [[Traditional African religions|Traditional faiths]] | demographics1_info3 = 3.2% | demographics1_title4 = [[Irreligion|No religion]] | demographics1_info4 = 3.0% | demographics1_title5 = Other | demographics1_info5 = 0.4% | blank_name_sec1 = Other information | blank1_name_sec1 = Countries | blank1_info_sec1 = {{Collapsible list |titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:normal; |title = [[#List of countries and regional organisation|49 countries]] |{{flag|Angola|size=23px}} |{{flag|Benin|size=23px}} |{{flag|Botswana|size=23px}} |{{flag|Burkina Faso|size=23px}} |{{flag|Burundi|size=23px}} |{{flag|Cameroon|size=23px}} |{{flag|Cape Verde|size=23px}} |{{flag|Central African Republic|size=23px}} |{{flag|Chad|size=23px}} |{{flag|Comoros|size=23px}} |{{flag|Democratic Republic of the Congo|size=23px}} |{{flag|Republic of the Congo|size=23px}} |{{flag|Djibouti|size=23px}} |{{flag|Equatorial Guinea|size=23px}} |{{flag|Eritrea|size=23px}} |{{flag|Eswatini|size=23px}} |{{flag|Ethiopia|size=23px}} |{{flag|Gabon|size=23px}} |{{flag|Gambia|size=23px}} |{{flag|Ghana|size=23px}} |{{flag|Guinea|size=23px}} |{{flag|Guinea-Bissau|size=23px}} |{{flag|Ivory Coast|size=23px}} |{{flag|Kenya|size=23px}} |{{flag|Lesotho|size=23px}} |{{flag|Liberia|size=23px}} |{{flag|Madagascar|size=23px}} |{{flag|Malawi|size=23px}} |{{flag|Mali|size=23px}} |{{flag|Mauritania|size=23px}} |{{flag|Mauritius|size=23px}} |{{flag|Mozambique|size=23px}} |{{flag|Namibia|size=23px}} |{{flag|Niger|size=23px}} |{{flag|Nigeria|size=23px}} |{{flag|Rwanda|size=23px}} |{{flag|São Tomé and Príncipe|size=23px}} |{{flag|Senegal|size=23px}} |{{flag|Seychelles|size=23px}} |{{flag|Sierra Leone|size=23px}} |{{flag|Somalia|size=23px}} |{{flag|South Africa|size=23px}} |{{flag|South Sudan|size=23px}} |{{flag|Sudan|size=23px}} |{{flag|Tanzania|size=23px}} |{{flag|Togo|size=23px}} |{{flag|Uganda|size=23px}} |{{flag|Zambia|size=23px}} |{{flag|Zimbabwe|size=23px}} }} | blank2_name_sec1 = Languages | blank2_info_sec1 = [[Languages of Africa|Over 1,000 languages]] | blank3_name_sec1 = Internet [[Top-level domain|TLD]] | blank3_info_sec1 = [[.africa]] | footnotes = {{notelist|group=infobox}} }} [[Ladawan:Sub-Saharan_Africa_definition_UN.png|thumb|'''Pinaghalong berde:''' Depinisyon kan "sub-Saharang Aprika" susog sa paggamit sa estadistika kan mga institusyon kan [[United Nations]] '''Mapusyaw na berde''': An [[Sudan]], klasipikado bilang kabtang kan [[Amihanan na Aprika]] kan [[United Nations Statistics Division]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://unstats.un.org/unsd/methods/m49/m49regin.htm|title=Composition of macro geographical (continental) regions, geographical sub-regions, and selected economic other groupings|publisher=United Nations Statistics Division|date=11 February 2013|access-date=20 July 2013}} "The designation sub-Saharan Africa is commonly used to indicate all of Africa except northern Africa, with the Sudan included in sub-Saharan Africa."</ref> imbes na kan [[Subangan na Aprika]], minsan ngani naunambitan kan organisasyon na an "the assignment of countries or areas to specific groupings is for statistical convenience and does not imply any assumption regarding political or other affiliation of countries or territories."]] [[Ladawan:Africa_map.png|thumb|'''Pula''': [[Arab world|Arab states]] sa Aprika ([[Arab League]] asin [[UNESCO]])]] [[Ladawan:East_and_southern_africa_early_iron_age.png|thumb|Pinasimpleng mapa manungod sa klima kan Aprika: sub-Saharang Aprika kompwesto kan [[Sahel]] asin kan [[Sungay kan Aprika]] sa amihanan (giyaw), an [[Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands|tropical savannas]] (mapusyaw na berde) asin an [[Tropical rainforest|tropical rainforests]] (madiklom na berde) kan [[Equatorial Africa]], asin an alang na [[Kalahari Basin]] (giyaw) asin an "[[Mediterranean climate|Mediterranean]]" habagatan na baybayon (oliba) kan [[Habagatan na Aprikang Habagatan]]. An bilang na pigpapahiling mina-''correspond'' sa petsa kan gabos na [[Iron Age]] artifacts asosyado sa [[paglakop kan Bantu]].]] An '''Sub-Saharang Aprika''' iyo an rona asin mga rehiyon kan kontinenteng [[Aprika]] na namumugtak sa habagatan kan [[Sahara]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=ecosostenibile |date=2 February 2023 |title=Afrotropical ecozone: boundaries, characteristics, biomes ... |url=https://antropocene.it/en/2023/02/02/afrotropical-ecozone/ |access-date=9 August 2023 |website=An Eco-sustainable World |language=en-GB }}</ref> Kabali digdi an [[Central Africa]], [[Subangan na Aprika]], [[Aprikang Habagatan]], asin [[Solnopan na Aprika]]. Sa heopolitiko, dugang pa sa [[list of sovereign states and dependent territories in Africa|mga nasyon asin mga teritoryo kan Aprika]] na namomogtak nin biyo sa espesipikong rehiyon na iyan, an termino posibleng kabali man an mga ''polities'' na igwa sana nin kabtang kan saindang teritoryo na namomogtak sa rehiyon na iyan, susog sa depinisyon kan [[United Nations geoscheme for Africa|United Nations]] (UN).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://esa.un.org/unpp/definition.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100420040243/http://esa.un.org/unpp/definition.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=20 April 2010 |title=Political definition of 'Major regions', according to the UN. |access-date=15 December 2010 }}</ref> Konsiderado ini na sarong bakong estandarteng heograpikong rehiyon na an bilang kan mga nasyon nagkakalaen poon sa 46 sagkod 48 depende sa organisasyon na naglaladawan sa rehiyon (e.g. [[United Nations|UN]], [[World Health Organization|WHO]], [[World Bank]], aspb.). An [[Regions of the African Union|African Union]] (AU) naggagamit nin laen na pagkabaranga kan rehiyon pigmimidbid an gabos na 55 na myembrong estado sa kontinente—grinupo sinda sa limang daing-siring asin estandarteng mga rehiyon. ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} {{stub}} o7x8bso1hhh6et3cg1g8d3wkpyklzmq 289843 289842 2025-06-19T00:48:57Z Crystal East 25362 289843 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Sub-Saharan Africa | image_map = Sahara Sahel sub-Saharan Africa.svg | map_caption = Geographical map of sub-Saharan Africa{{Center block|{{Leftlegend|#fec44f|The Sahara}}{{Leftlegend|#fd8d3c|The Sahel}}{{Leftlegend|#417d41|Sub-Saharan Africa}}}} | subdivision_type = Major cities | subdivision_name = [[Abidjan]], [[Abuja]], [[Accra]], [[Addis Ababa]], [[Cape Town]], [[Dar es Salaam]], [[Durban]], [[Harare]], [[Johannesburg]], [[Juba]], [[Kampala]], [[Khartoum]], [[Kinshasa]], [[Lagos]], [[Luanda]], [[Lusaka]], [[Mogadishu]], [[Nairobi]], [[Pretoria]], [[Windhoek]], [[Dodoma]], [[Maputo]], [[Jinja, Uganda|Jinja]] | population = {{IncreaseNeutral}} {{UN_Population|Sub-Saharan Africa}} | population_as_of = {{UN_Population|Year}} | population_footnotes = {{efn|group=infobox|Per [[United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees|UNHCR Global Trends]] in 2019, the sub-Saharan population was 1.1 billion.}} | population_demonym = [[List of ethnic groups of Africa|Sub-Saharan African]] | demographics_type1 = Religions (2020) | demographics1_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite web |title=Sub-Saharan Africa Demographics |url=http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/regions/sub-saharan-africa/religious_demography#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2020 |access-date=11 September 2022 |publisher=Pew-Templeton Global Religious Futures Project |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220911205646/http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/regions/sub-saharan-africa/religious_demography#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2020 |archive-date=11 September 2022 }}</ref> | demographics1_title1 = [[Christianity in Africa|Christianity]] | demographics1_info1 = 62.0% | demographics1_title2 = [[Islam in Africa|Islam]] | demographics1_info2 = 31.4% | demographics1_title3 = [[Traditional African religions|Traditional faiths]] | demographics1_info3 = 3.2% | demographics1_title4 = [[Irreligion|No religion]] | demographics1_info4 = 3.0% | demographics1_title5 = Other | demographics1_info5 = 0.4% | blank_name_sec1 = Other information | blank1_name_sec1 = Countries | blank1_info_sec1 = {{Collapsible list |titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:normal; |title = [[#List of countries and regional organisation|49 countries]] |{{flag|Angola|size=23px}} |{{flag|Benin|size=23px}} |{{flag|Botswana|size=23px}} |{{flag|Burkina Faso|size=23px}} |{{flag|Burundi|size=23px}} |{{flag|Cameroon|size=23px}} |{{flag|Cape Verde|size=23px}} |{{flag|Central African Republic|size=23px}} |{{flag|Chad|size=23px}} |{{flag|Comoros|size=23px}} |{{flag|Democratic Republic of the Congo|size=23px}} |{{flag|Republic of the Congo|size=23px}} |{{flag|Djibouti|size=23px}} |{{flag|Equatorial Guinea|size=23px}} |{{flag|Eritrea|size=23px}} |{{flag|Eswatini|size=23px}} |{{flag|Ethiopia|size=23px}} |{{flag|Gabon|size=23px}} |{{flag|Gambia|size=23px}} |{{flag|Ghana|size=23px}} |{{flag|Guinea|size=23px}} |{{flag|Guinea-Bissau|size=23px}} |{{flag|Ivory Coast|size=23px}} |{{flag|Kenya|size=23px}} |{{flag|Lesotho|size=23px}} |{{flag|Liberia|size=23px}} |{{flag|Madagascar|size=23px}} |{{flag|Malawi|size=23px}} |{{flag|Mali|size=23px}} |{{flag|Mauritania|size=23px}} |{{flag|Mauritius|size=23px}} |{{flag|Mozambique|size=23px}} |{{flag|Namibia|size=23px}} |{{flag|Niger|size=23px}} |{{flag|Nigeria|size=23px}} |{{flag|Rwanda|size=23px}} |{{flag|São Tomé and Príncipe|size=23px}} |{{flag|Senegal|size=23px}} |{{flag|Seychelles|size=23px}} |{{flag|Sierra Leone|size=23px}} |{{flag|Somalia|size=23px}} |{{flag|South Africa|size=23px}} |{{flag|South Sudan|size=23px}} |{{flag|Sudan|size=23px}} |{{flag|Tanzania|size=23px}} |{{flag|Togo|size=23px}} |{{flag|Uganda|size=23px}} |{{flag|Zambia|size=23px}} |{{flag|Zimbabwe|size=23px}} }} | blank2_name_sec1 = Languages | blank2_info_sec1 = [[Languages of Africa|Over 1,000 languages]] | blank3_name_sec1 = Internet [[Top-level domain|TLD]] | blank3_info_sec1 = [[.africa]] | footnotes = {{notelist|group=infobox}} }} [[Ladawan:Sub-Saharan_Africa_definition_UN.png|thumb|'''Pinaghalong berde:''' Depinisyon kan "sub-Saharang Aprika" susog sa paggamit sa estadistika kan mga institusyon kan [[United Nations]] '''Mapusyaw na berde''': An [[Sudan]], klasipikado bilang kabtang kan [[Amihanan na Aprika]] kan [[United Nations Statistics Division]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://unstats.un.org/unsd/methods/m49/m49regin.htm|title=Composition of macro geographical (continental) regions, geographical sub-regions, and selected economic other groupings|publisher=United Nations Statistics Division|date=11 February 2013|access-date=20 July 2013}} "The designation sub-Saharan Africa is commonly used to indicate all of Africa except northern Africa, with the Sudan included in sub-Saharan Africa."</ref> imbes na kan [[Subangan na Aprika]], minsan ngani naunambitan kan organisasyon na an "the assignment of countries or areas to specific groupings is for statistical convenience and does not imply any assumption regarding political or other affiliation of countries or territories."]] [[Ladawan:Africa_map.png|thumb|'''Pula''': [[Arab world|Arab states]] sa Aprika ([[Arab League]] asin [[UNESCO]])]] [[Ladawan:East_and_southern_africa_early_iron_age.png|thumb|Pinasimpleng mapa manungod sa klima kan Aprika: sub-Saharang Aprika kompwesto kan [[Sahel]] asin kan [[Sungay kan Aprika]] sa amihanan (giyaw), an [[Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands|tropical savannas]] (mapusyaw na berde) asin an [[Tropical rainforest|tropical rainforests]] (madiklom na berde) kan [[Equatorial Africa]], asin an alang na [[Kalahari Basin]] (giyaw) asin an "[[Mediterranean climate|Mediterranean]]" habagatan na baybayon (oliba) kan [[Habagatan na Aprikang Habagatan]]. An bilang na pigpapahiling mina-''correspond'' sa petsa kan gabos na [[Iron Age]] artifacts asosyado sa [[paglakop kan Bantu]].]] An '''Sub-Saharang Aprika''' iyo an rona asin mga rehiyon kan kontinenteng [[Aprika]] na namumugtak sa habagatan kan [[Sahara]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=ecosostenibile |date=2 February 2023 |title=Afrotropical ecozone: boundaries, characteristics, biomes ... |url=https://antropocene.it/en/2023/02/02/afrotropical-ecozone/ |access-date=9 August 2023 |website=An Eco-sustainable World |language=en-GB }}</ref> Kabali digdi an [[Central Africa]], [[Subangan na Aprika]], [[Aprikang Habagatan]], asin [[Aprikang Solnopan]]. Sa heopolitiko, dugang pa sa [[list of sovereign states and dependent territories in Africa|mga nasyon asin mga teritoryo kan Aprika]] na namomogtak nin biyo sa espesipikong rehiyon na iyan, an termino posibleng kabali man an mga ''polities'' na igwa sana nin kabtang kan saindang teritoryo na namomogtak sa rehiyon na iyan, susog sa depinisyon kan [[United Nations geoscheme for Africa|United Nations]] (UN).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://esa.un.org/unpp/definition.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100420040243/http://esa.un.org/unpp/definition.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=20 April 2010 |title=Political definition of 'Major regions', according to the UN. |access-date=15 December 2010 }}</ref> Konsiderado ini na sarong bakong estandarteng heograpikong rehiyon na an bilang kan mga nasyon nagkakalaen poon sa 46 sagkod 48 depende sa organisasyon na naglaladawan sa rehiyon (e.g. [[United Nations|UN]], [[World Health Organization|WHO]], [[World Bank]], aspb.). An [[Regions of the African Union|African Union]] (AU) naggagamit nin laen na pagkabaranga kan rehiyon pigmimidbid an gabos na 55 na myembrong estado sa kontinente—grinupo sinda sa limang daing-siring asin estandarteng mga rehiyon. ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} {{stub}} 8r4enzksc2fc7zs5x1geh1eoop20fx7 0 52978 289846 2025-06-19T00:59:25Z Crystal East 25362 Crystal East pinagbalyo an pahina [[Kinaban]] pasiring sa [[Kinaban (planeta)]] 289846 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Kinaban (planeta)]] 5dgnk3so9m6hhk7vmd5x47ejevk6d6c 289849 289846 2025-06-19T01:00:34Z Crystal East 25362 Removed redirect to [[Kinaban (planeta)]] 289849 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Hubble ultra deep field.jpg|320px|thumb|Image of the physical world, captured by the [[Hubble Space Telescope]]]] The '''world''' is the totality of entities, the whole of [[reality]], or everything that [[Existence|exists]].<ref>{{cite web |title=World |url=http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?o2=&o0=1&o8=1&o1=1&o7=&o5=&o9=&o6=&o3=&o4=&s=world |website=wordnetweb.princeton.edu |publisher=Princeton University |access-date=14 August 2021}}</ref> The nature of the world has been [[conceptualize]]d differently in different fields. Some conceptions see the world as unique, while others talk of a "plurality of worlds". Some treat the world as [[#Monism and pluralism|one simple object]], while others analyze the world as a complex made up of parts. eqdxdzyrmxodwlb4q90x27cgjd1rcy6 289850 289849 2025-06-19T01:02:17Z Crystal East 25362 Created by translating the section "__LEAD_SECTION__" from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1293483460|World]]" 289850 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Hubble ultra deep field.jpg|320px|thumb|Image of the physical world, captured by the [[Hubble Space Telescope]]]] The '''world''' is the totality of entities, the whole of [[reality]], or everything that [[Existence|exists]].<ref>{{cite web |title=World |url=http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?o2=&o0=1&o8=1&o1=1&o7=&o5=&o9=&o6=&o3=&o4=&s=world |website=wordnetweb.princeton.edu |publisher=Princeton University |access-date=14 August 2021}}</ref> The nature of the world has been [[conceptualize]]d differently in different fields. Some conceptions see the world as unique, while others talk of a "plurality of worlds". Some treat the world as [[#Monism and pluralism|one simple object]], while others analyze the world as a complex made up of parts. == __LEAD_SECTION__ == [[Ladawan:Hubble_ultra_deep_field.jpg|thumb|320x320px|Image of the physical world, captured by the [[Hubble Space Telescope]]]] The '''world''' is the totality of entities, the whole of [[reality]], or everything that [[Existence|exists]].<ref>{{cite web|title=World|url=http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?o2=&o0=1&o8=1&o1=1&o7=&o5=&o9=&o6=&o3=&o4=&s=world|website=wordnetweb.princeton.edu|publisher=Princeton University|access-date=14 August 2021}}</ref> The nature of the world has been [[Conceptualize|conceptualized]] differently in different fields. Some conceptions see the world as unique, while others talk of a "plurality of worlds". Some treat the world as [[World#Monism and pluralism|one simple object]], while others analyze the world as a complex made up of parts. nf4pymit67pcbura3kmtgr6ph9flpd7 289851 289850 2025-06-19T01:02:51Z Crystal East 25362 289851 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Hubble ultra deep field.jpg|320px|thumb|Image of the physical world, captured by the [[Hubble Space Telescope]]]] The '''world''' is the totality of entities, the whole of [[reality]], or everything that [[Existence|exists]].<ref>{{cite web |title=World |url=http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?o2=&o0=1&o8=1&o1=1&o7=&o5=&o9=&o6=&o3=&o4=&s=world |website=wordnetweb.princeton.edu |publisher=Princeton University |access-date=14 August 2021}}</ref> The nature of the world has been [[conceptualize]]d differently in different fields. Some conceptions see the world as unique, while others talk of a "plurality of worlds". Some treat the world as [[#Monism and pluralism|one simple object]], while others analyze the world as a complex made up of parts. eqdxdzyrmxodwlb4q90x27cgjd1rcy6 289852 289851 2025-06-19T01:08:06Z Crystal East 25362 289852 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Hubble ultra deep field.jpg|320px|thumb|Imahen kan pisikal na kinaban, nakua kan [[Hubble Space Telescope]]]] An '''kinaban''' iyo an kabilogan kan ''entities'', an bilog kan [[realidad]], o gabos na bagay na [[Existence|nag-eeksistir]].<ref>{{cite web |title=World |url=http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?o2=&o0=1&o8=1&o1=1&o7=&o5=&o9=&o6=&o3=&o4=&s=world |website=wordnetweb.princeton.edu |publisher=Princeton University |access-date=14 August 2021}}</ref> An naturalesa kan kinaban [[conceptualize]]d nin laen sa manlaenlaen na lado. An ibang konsepsyon nahihiling an kinaban bilang sarong daing-siring, mantang an iba nagtataram nin sarong "plurality of worlds". An iba pigtatratar an kinaban bilang [[#Monism and pluralism|sarong simpleng bagay]], mantang an iba pig-aanalisar an kinaban bilang sarong komplikadong gibo-gibong mga kabtang. ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} {{stub}} cuocyf4iufi5eabxo1vutk8x4z8z0bc 1 52979 289848 2025-06-19T00:59:26Z Crystal East 25362 Crystal East pinagbalyo an pahina [[Olay:Kinaban]] pasiring sa [[Olay:Kinaban (planeta)]] 289848 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Olay:Kinaban (planeta)]] 786kfinm5wsd9evbiiyedoqgj1ghz4i 0 52980 289860 2025-06-19T04:26:38Z 2806:2F0:55C1:CC29:A0A2:EABE:FB8B:EA0C Pinagmukna an pahina kaining "{{Speciesbox | name = Indian peafowl | status = LC | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref = <ref name=iucn>{{cite iucn |title=''Pavo cristatus'' |author=BirdLife International |date=2016 |page=e.T22679435A92814454 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22679435A92814454.en |access-date=2 January 2022}}</ref> | image = Peacock on tree (52077240794).jpg | image_caption = Peacock in [[Nagarhole National Park]] | image2 = Indian Peafowl or Peahen.jpg | image2_c..." 289860 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Speciesbox | name = Indian peafowl | status = LC | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref = <ref name=iucn>{{cite iucn |title=''Pavo cristatus'' |author=BirdLife International |date=2016 |page=e.T22679435A92814454 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22679435A92814454.en |access-date=2 January 2022}}</ref> | image = Peacock on tree (52077240794).jpg | image_caption = Peacock in [[Nagarhole National Park]] | image2 = Indian Peafowl or Peahen.jpg | image2_caption = Peahen in [[Bandipur National Park]] | genus = Pavo | species = cristatus | authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[1758]] | range_map = Indian Peacock Range.svg | range_map_caption = Map showing native range }} An '''Indian peafowl''' (''Pavo cristatus''), bisto man sa apod na '''common peafowl''', o '''blue peafowl''', sarong species nin peafowl na tubong subkontinente kan [[Indya]]. Mantang ini nagpoon sa subkontinente kan Indya, ini poon kaidto ipinamidbid na sa kadakol na ibang parte kan kinaban. An Indian peafowl nagpapahiling nin sarong markadong porma nin sekswal na dimorpismo. An maliwanag an kolor na lalaki igwa nin payo na kolor asul na may korteng abatilador asin midbid na gayo sa saiyang halawig na tren. An tren binibilog nin halabang mga barahibo sa itaas na ikog na may makolor na mga mata. An mga matagas na barahibo na ini itinataas sa sarong bentilador asin pigkukubogkubog sa sarong pagpapahiling sa panahon nin pag-ilusyon. An peahen kadaklan kayumanggi an kolor, na may puting lalawgon asin nagkikinang na berdeng ibabang liog, asin mayo nin magarbong tren. ==Toltolan== {{stub}} hx81cqlyc585i08hhky09q9au3z6hxi 0 52981 289864 2025-06-19T05:57:40Z Crystal East 25362 Created by translating the opening section from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1274924188|The Embarcadero (San Francisco)]]" 289864 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ladawan:Embarcadero_San_Francisco.jpg|thumb|Rincon Park and ''[[Cupid's Span]]'' with the San Francisco skyline and the Embarcadero in the background]] '''The Embarcadero''' ([[Spanish language|Spanish]] for "Embarkment") is the eastern waterfront of [[Port of San Francisco]] and a major roadway in [[San Francisco]], [[California]]. It was constructed on [[reclaimed land]] along a three mile long<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Embarcadero-in-SF-on-list-of-nation-s-at-risk-9700397.php|title=Embarcadero in SF on list of nation's at-risk historic treasures|last=King|first=John|date=October 4, 2016|newspaper=San Francisco Chronicle|access-date=October 8, 2016}}</ref> engineered [[seawall]], from which piers extend into the bay. It derives its name from the [[Spanish language|Spanish]] verb ''embarcar'', meaning "to embark"; ''embarcadero'' itself means "the place to embark." The [[Central Embarcadero Piers Historic District]] was added to the [[National Register of Historic Places]] on November 20, 2002.<ref name="nris" /> ppw6c6yk6b6pc5gdgsyrec3jl2ir9h8 289866 289864 2025-06-19T06:02:32Z Crystal East 25362 289866 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ladawan:Embarcadero_San_Francisco.jpg|thumb|Rincon Park asin ''[[Cupid's Span]]'' kaiba an San Francisco skyline asin an Embarcadero sa background]] An '''The Embarcadero''' ([[Spanish language|Spanish]] para sa "Embarkment") iyo an subangan na atubangan kan katubigan kan [[Port of San Francisco]] asin sarong mayor na tinampong dalan sa [[San Francisco]], [[California]]. Tinogdok iyan sa sarong [[reclaimed land]] sa tulong milyang laba<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Embarcadero-in-SF-on-list-of-nation-s-at-risk-9700397.php|title=Embarcadero in SF on list of nation's at-risk historic treasures|last=King|first=John|date=October 4, 2016|newspaper=San Francisco Chronicle|access-date=October 8, 2016}}</ref> enhinyeradong [[seawall]], gikan sa kun saen an pier nakaunat pasiring sa dagat. Ginuno kaiyan an saiyang ngaran sa [[Spanish language|Spanish]] na verbo na ''embarcar'', nangangahulugan na "to embark"; an ''embarcadero'' mismo nangahulogan na "the place to embark." An [[Central Embarcadero Piers Historic District]] idinugang sa [[National Register of Historic Places]] on November 20, 2002.<ref name="nris" /> ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} {{stub}} 18p188djkef9tm6zox9abdbui7qgh26 0 52982 289872 2025-06-19T09:31:09Z Crystal East 25362 Created by translating the opening section from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1296066475|Leonard Lauder]]" 289872 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Leonard Alan Lauder''' (March 19, 1933 – June 14, 2025) was an American [[billionaire]], philanthropist, and art collector. Together, he and his brother, [[Ronald Lauder]], were the sole heirs to [[The Estée Lauder Companies]] cosmetics fortune, founded by their parents, [[Estée Lauder (businesswoman)|Estée Lauder]] and Joseph Lauder, in 1946.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.elcompanies.com/en/who-we-are/the-lauder-family|title=The Lauder Family|website=www.elcompanies.com}}</ref> Having been its [[CEO]] until 1999, Lauder was the chairman emeritus of The Estée Lauder Companies Inc.<ref name="EL website">{{Cite web|url=https://www.elcompanies.com/en/404-error|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101027123405/http://elcompanies.com/the_company/leonard_a_lauder.php|url-status=dead|title=Leonard A. Lauder|archive-date=October 27, 2010|website=www.elcompanies.com}}</ref> During his tenure as the CEO, the company [[Initial public offering|went public]] at the [[New York Stock Exchange]] in 1996 and acquired several major cosmetics brands, including [[MAC Cosmetics]], [[Aveda]], [[Bobbi Brown]], and [[The Estée Lauder Companies|La Mer]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.elcompanies.com/en/investors|title=Investors|website=www.elcompanies.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.elcompanies.com/en/who-we-are/key-moments|title=Key Moments|website=www.elcompanies.com}}</ref> In 2013, Lauder promised his collection of [[Cubism|Cubist]] art to the [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]. The collection is valued at over $1 billion and constitutes one of the largest gifts in the museum's history.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/10/arts/design/leonard-lauder-is-giving-his-cubist-collection-to-the-met.html|title=A Billion-Dollar Gift Gives the Met a New Perspective (Cubist)|first=Carol|last=Vogel|newspaper=The New York Times|date=April 9, 2013}}</ref> At the time of his death, [[Forbes]] estimated his net worth at US$9.7 billion.<ref name="Forbes Profile">{{cite news|title=Forbes Profile: Leonard Lauder|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250616113734/https://www.forbes.com/profile/leonard-lauder/|newspaper=Forbes.com|access-date=June 16, 2025}}</ref> qhpvsnsw36ik5599p0ttjmk1bqp8lyv 289873 289872 2025-06-19T09:38:44Z Crystal East 25362 289873 wikitext text/x-wiki Si '''Leonard Alan Lauder''' (Marso 19, 1933 – Hunyo 14, 2025) iyo an sarong Amerikanong [[bilyonaryo]], pilantropo, asin art collector. Siya asin an saiyang tugang na si [[Ronald Lauder]], iyo an solamenteng tagapagmana kan [[The Estée Lauder Companies]] cosmetics fortune, minukna kan saindang magurang na sinda [[Estée Lauder]] asin Joseph Lauder, kaidtong 1946.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.elcompanies.com/en/who-we-are/the-lauder-family|title=The Lauder Family|website=www.elcompanies.com}}</ref> Nagin [[CEO]] kaiyan sagkod 1999, si Lauder iyo an chairman emeritus kan The Estée Lauder Companies Inc.<ref name="EL website">{{Cite web|url=https://www.elcompanies.com/en/404-error|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101027123405/http://elcompanies.com/the_company/leonard_a_lauder.php|url-status=dead|title=Leonard A. Lauder|archive-date=October 27, 2010|website=www.elcompanies.com}}</ref> Durante kan saiyang ''tenure'' bilang CEO, an kompanya [[Initial public offering|naisapubliko]] sa [[New York Stock Exchange]] kaidtong 1996 asin nakua an nagkapirang mayor na cosmetics brands, kabali an [[MAC Cosmetics]], [[Aveda]], [[Bobbi Brown]], asin [[The Estée Lauder Companies|La Mer]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.elcompanies.com/en/investors|title=Investors|website=www.elcompanies.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.elcompanies.com/en/who-we-are/key-moments|title=Key Moments|website=www.elcompanies.com}}</ref> Kaidtong 2013, pinangako ni Lauder an saiyang koleksyon nin [[Cubism|Cubist]] art sa [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]. Nagkakahalaga an koleksyon nin labi sa $1 bilyon asin kompwesto nin saro kan pinakadakulang regalo sa kasaysayan kan museo.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/10/arts/design/leonard-lauder-is-giving-his-cubist-collection-to-the-met.html|title=A Billion-Dollar Gift Gives the Met a New Perspective (Cubist)|first=Carol|last=Vogel|newspaper=The New York Times|date=April 9, 2013}}</ref> Sa panahon kan saiyang kagadanan, tinantya kan [[Forbes]] an saiyang net worth sa US$9.7 bilyon.<ref name="Forbes Profile">{{cite news|title=Forbes Profile: Leonard Lauder|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250616113734/https://www.forbes.com/profile/leonard-lauder/|newspaper=Forbes.com|access-date=June 16, 2025}}</ref> ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} {{stub}} iq284mt32hqk1b2fq9qumxi6f0hzteo 289874 289873 2025-06-19T09:39:59Z Crystal East 25362 289874 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Leonard Lauder | image = | caption = Leonard A. Lauder | birth_name = Leonard Alan Lauter<ref name="nytimesobit" /> | birth_date = {{Birth date|1933|03|19}} | birth_place = [[New York City]], U.S | death_date = {{Death date and age|2025|06|14|1933|03|19}} | death_place = New York City, U.S. | alma_mater = [[University of Pennsylvania]] ([[Bachelor of Science|BS]])<br />[[Columbia University]] ([[Master of Business Administration|MBA]]) | occupation = {{hlist|Businessman|art collector}} | known_for = Chairman emeritus –<br/>[[The Estée Lauder Companies]] | mother = [[Estée Lauder (businesswoman)|Estée Lauder]] | spouse = {{plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Evelyn Lauder|Evelyn Hausner]]|1959|2011|end=died}} * {{marriage|Judy Ellis Glickman|2015}} }} |children = 2, including [[William P. Lauder]] |relatives = [[Ronald Lauder]] (brother)<br />[[Aerin Lauder|Aerin Lauder Zinterhofer]] (niece)<br />[[Jane Lauder|Jane Lauder Warsh]] (niece) }} Si '''Leonard Alan Lauder''' (Marso 19, 1933 – Hunyo 14, 2025) iyo an sarong Amerikanong [[bilyonaryo]], pilantropo, asin art collector. Siya asin an saiyang tugang na si [[Ronald Lauder]], iyo an solamenteng tagapagmana kan [[The Estée Lauder Companies]] cosmetics fortune, minukna kan saindang magurang na sinda [[Estée Lauder]] asin Joseph Lauder, kaidtong 1946.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.elcompanies.com/en/who-we-are/the-lauder-family|title=The Lauder Family|website=www.elcompanies.com}}</ref> Nagin [[CEO]] kaiyan sagkod 1999, si Lauder iyo an chairman emeritus kan The Estée Lauder Companies Inc.<ref name="EL website">{{Cite web|url=https://www.elcompanies.com/en/404-error|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101027123405/http://elcompanies.com/the_company/leonard_a_lauder.php|url-status=dead|title=Leonard A. Lauder|archive-date=October 27, 2010|website=www.elcompanies.com}}</ref> Durante kan saiyang ''tenure'' bilang CEO, an kompanya [[Initial public offering|naisapubliko]] sa [[New York Stock Exchange]] kaidtong 1996 asin nakua an nagkapirang mayor na cosmetics brands, kabali an [[MAC Cosmetics]], [[Aveda]], [[Bobbi Brown]], asin [[The Estée Lauder Companies|La Mer]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.elcompanies.com/en/investors|title=Investors|website=www.elcompanies.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.elcompanies.com/en/who-we-are/key-moments|title=Key Moments|website=www.elcompanies.com}}</ref> Kaidtong 2013, pinangako ni Lauder an saiyang koleksyon nin [[Cubism|Cubist]] art sa [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]. Nagkakahalaga an koleksyon nin labi sa $1 bilyon asin kompwesto nin saro kan pinakadakulang regalo sa kasaysayan kan museo.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/10/arts/design/leonard-lauder-is-giving-his-cubist-collection-to-the-met.html|title=A Billion-Dollar Gift Gives the Met a New Perspective (Cubist)|first=Carol|last=Vogel|newspaper=The New York Times|date=April 9, 2013}}</ref> Sa panahon kan saiyang kagadanan, tinantya kan [[Forbes]] an saiyang net worth sa US$9.7 bilyon.<ref name="Forbes Profile">{{cite news|title=Forbes Profile: Leonard Lauder|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250616113734/https://www.forbes.com/profile/leonard-lauder/|newspaper=Forbes.com|access-date=June 16, 2025}}</ref> ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} {{stub}} k1m4i0itjt7kc90cbnq2qpnzplf8uca 0 52983 289875 2025-06-19T09:42:16Z Crystal East 25362 Created by translating the opening section from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1281513735|Billionaire]]" 289875 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ladawan:SpaceX_CEO_Elon_Musk_visits_N&NC_and_AFSPC_(190416-F-ZZ999-006)_(cropped).jpg|thumb|[[SpaceX]] and [[Tesla, Inc.|Tesla]] CEO [[Elon Musk]] is a multi-hundred billionaire and the [[The World's Billionaires|wealthiest person in the world]]]] A '''billionaire''' is a person with a [[net worth]] of at least [[1,000,000,000|one billion]] units of a given [[currency]], usually of a major currency such as the [[United States dollar]], [[euro]], or [[pound sterling]]. It is a sub-category of the concept of the [[ultra high-net-worth individual]]. The American business magazine ''[[Forbes]]'' produces [[The World's Billionaires|a global list of known U.S. dollar billionaires]] every year and updates an internet version of this list in real time.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Miller|first1=Matthew|last2=Kroll|first2=Luisa|title=Bill Gates No Longer World's Richest Man|url=https://www.forbes.com/2010/03/09/worlds-richest-people-slim-gates-buffett-billionaires-2010-intro.html|work=[[Forbes]]|date=10 March 2010|access-date=7 June 2010|archive-date=26 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110926014457/http://www.forbes.com/2010/03/09/worlds-richest-people-slim-gates-buffett-billionaires-2010-intro.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The American [[oil magnate]] [[John D. Rockefeller]] became the world's first confirmed U.S. dollar billionaire in 1916.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=O'Donnell|first1=Carl|date=11 July 2014|access-date=7 January 2014|title=The Rockefellers: The Legacy Of History's Richest Man|journal=Forbes|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/carlodonnell/2014/07/11/the-rockefellers-the-legacy-of-historys-richest-man/|archive-date=20 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161120052423/http://www.forbes.com/sites/carlodonnell/2014/07/11/the-rockefellers-the-legacy-of-historys-richest-man/|url-status=live}}</ref> 3zo8i4tka02efk09wz8x3gw0b4sjldv 289876 289875 2025-06-19T09:48:46Z Crystal East 25362 289876 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ladawan:SpaceX_CEO_Elon_Musk_visits_N&NC_and_AFSPC_(190416-F-ZZ999-006)_(cropped).jpg|thumb|[[SpaceX]] asin [[Tesla, Inc.|Tesla]] CEO [[Elon Musk]] iyo an sarong multi-hundred billionaire asin an [[The World's Billionaires|pinakamayaman na tawo sa kinaban]]]] An '''bilyonaryo''' iyo an sarong tawo na igwang [[net worth]] nin dai kumulang [[1,000,000,000 (bilang)|sarong bilyon]] na yunit nin sarong [[currency]], parating nin sarong mayor na currency siring kan [[dolyar nin Estados Unidos]], [[euro]], o [[pound sterling]]. Saro iyan na sub-category kan konsepto nin [[ultra high-net-worth individual]]. An American business magazine ''[[Forbes]]'' nagproprodusir nin [[The World's Billionaires|a global list of known U.S. dollar billionaires]] kada taon asin nag-a''update'' nin internet version kan listahan na ini sa tunay na oras.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Miller|first1=Matthew|last2=Kroll|first2=Luisa|title=Bill Gates No Longer World's Richest Man|url=https://www.forbes.com/2010/03/09/worlds-richest-people-slim-gates-buffett-billionaires-2010-intro.html|work=[[Forbes]]|date=10 March 2010|access-date=7 June 2010|archive-date=26 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110926014457/http://www.forbes.com/2010/03/09/worlds-richest-people-slim-gates-buffett-billionaires-2010-intro.html|url-status=live}}</ref> An American [[oil magnate]] na si [[John D. Rockefeller]] nagin enot na kompirmadong dolyar na bilyonaryo kan Estados Unidos kaidtong 1916.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=O'Donnell|first1=Carl|date=11 July 2014|access-date=7 January 2014|title=The Rockefellers: The Legacy Of History's Richest Man|journal=Forbes|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/carlodonnell/2014/07/11/the-rockefellers-the-legacy-of-historys-richest-man/|archive-date=20 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161120052423/http://www.forbes.com/sites/carlodonnell/2014/07/11/the-rockefellers-the-legacy-of-historys-richest-man/|url-status=live}}</ref> ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} {{stub}} 6i8i0xdqixgfnxozf8y4d6hme0j46lx 0 52984 289877 2025-06-19T09:50:57Z Crystal East 25362 Created by translating the opening section from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1296216308|1,000,000,000]]" 289877 wikitext text/x-wiki Ang '''1,000,000,000''' ('''isang bilyon o libong angaw''') ay isang [[likas na bilang]] na pagkatapos ng 999,999,999 at bago ng 1,000,000,001. 8w2k6yvvz4tuwgpfqg47v0ll5m551ax 289878 289877 2025-06-19T09:52:09Z Crystal East 25362 289878 wikitext text/x-wiki An '''1,000,000,000''' ('''sarong bilyon''') iyo an sarong [[natural na bilang]] na pagkatapos kan 999,999,999 asin bago kan 1,000,000,001. {{stub}} 2eykw9keuiwj3359orahd9bhe0qqlxa 289879 289878 2025-06-19T09:53:02Z Crystal East 25362 Crystal East pinagbalyo an pahina [[1,000,000,000]] pasiring sa [[1,000,000,000 (bilang)]] 289878 wikitext text/x-wiki An '''1,000,000,000''' ('''sarong bilyon''') iyo an sarong [[natural na bilang]] na pagkatapos kan 999,999,999 asin bago kan 1,000,000,001. {{stub}} 2eykw9keuiwj3359orahd9bhe0qqlxa 0 52985 289880 2025-06-19T09:53:02Z Crystal East 25362 Crystal East pinagbalyo an pahina [[1,000,000,000]] pasiring sa [[1,000,000,000 (bilang)]] 289880 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[1,000,000,000 (bilang)]] 6hcobc69vsyuaa4lqu9kovhbn6brut8 0 52986 289881 2025-06-19T09:55:53Z Crystal East 25362 Created by translating the opening section from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1294847751|John D. Rockefeller]]" 289881 wikitext text/x-wiki '''John Davison Rockefeller Sr.''' (July 8, 1839 – May 23, 1937) was an American businessman and philanthropist. He was one of the [[List of richest Americans in history|wealthiest Americans of all time]]<ref name="Fortune">{{cite news|url=https://money.cnn.com/gallery/luxury/2014/06/01/richest-americans-in-history|title=The Richest Americans|first=Steve|last=Hargreaves|access-date=March 25, 2016|publisher=CNN}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/ref/business/20070715_GILDED_GRAPHIC.html|title=The Wealthiest Americans Ever|access-date=July 17, 2007|newspaper=The New York Times|date=July 15, 2007}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=John D. Rockefeller: The Richest Man in the World|url=https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.aspx?num=47167|access-date=June 17, 2023|agency=Harvard Business School}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Housel|first=Morgan|title=Who will be the world's first trillionaire?|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/business/2013/10/24/worlds-first-trillionaire/3179099/|access-date=June 17, 2023|newspaper=USA Today}}</ref> and one of the richest people in modern history.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.askmen.com/toys/top_10/11b_top_10_list.html|title=Top 10 Richest Men of All Time|access-date=May 29, 2007|publisher=[[AskMen.com]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/rockefellers/filmmore/pt.html|title=The Rockefellers|access-date=May 29, 2007|publisher=[[Public Broadcasting Service]]|archive-date=January 26, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120126052525/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/rockefellers/filmmore/pt.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=":1" /> Rockefeller was born into a large family in [[Upstate New York]] who moved several times before eventually settling in [[Cleveland]], Ohio. He became an assistant bookkeeper at age 16 and went into several business partnerships beginning at age 20, concentrating his business on [[oil refining]]. Rockefeller founded the [[Standard Oil Company]] in 1870. He ran it until 1897 and remained its largest [[shareholder]]. In his retirement, he focused his energy and wealth on philanthropy, especially regarding education, medicine, higher education, and modernizing the [[Southern United States]]. ge55o27w7znq4qb2a58nawupbr18ww4 289882 289881 2025-06-19T09:59:42Z Crystal East 25362 289882 wikitext text/x-wiki Si '''John Davison Rockefeller Sr.''' (Hulyo 8, 1839 – Mayo 23, 1937) iyo an Amerikanong negosyante asin pilantropo. Saro siya sa [[List of richest Americans in history|pinakamayaman na Amerikano sa gabos na panahon]]<ref name="Fortune">{{cite news|url=https://money.cnn.com/gallery/luxury/2014/06/01/richest-americans-in-history|title=The Richest Americans|first=Steve|last=Hargreaves|access-date=March 25, 2016|publisher=CNN}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/ref/business/20070715_GILDED_GRAPHIC.html|title=The Wealthiest Americans Ever|access-date=July 17, 2007|newspaper=The New York Times|date=July 15, 2007}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=John D. Rockefeller: The Richest Man in the World|url=https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.aspx?num=47167|access-date=June 17, 2023|agency=Harvard Business School}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Housel|first=Morgan|title=Who will be the world's first trillionaire?|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/business/2013/10/24/worlds-first-trillionaire/3179099/|access-date=June 17, 2023|newspaper=USA Today}}</ref> and one of the richest people in modern history.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.askmen.com/toys/top_10/11b_top_10_list.html|title=Top 10 Richest Men of All Time|access-date=May 29, 2007|publisher=[[AskMen.com]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/rockefellers/filmmore/pt.html|title=The Rockefellers|access-date=May 29, 2007|publisher=[[Public Broadcasting Service]]|archive-date=January 26, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120126052525/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/rockefellers/filmmore/pt.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=":1" /> Rockefeller was born into a large family in [[Upstate New York]] who moved several times before eventually settling in [[Cleveland]], Ohio. He became an assistant bookkeeper at age 16 and went into several business partnerships beginning at age 20, concentrating his business on [[oil refining]]. Rockefeller founded the [[Standard Oil Company]] in 1870. He ran it until 1897 and remained its largest [[shareholder]]. Sa saiyang pagretiro, pinokus niya an saiyang kusog asin yaman sa pagigin pilantropo, urog na sa may kinaaraman sa edukasyon, medisina, urog kahalangkaw na edukasyon, asin ginibong moderno an [Habagatan na Estados Unidos ]]. ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} {{stub}} kegq3y9mwev7v2ljwmsg1fy409t9ntj 289883 289882 2025-06-19T10:04:23Z Crystal East 25362 289883 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = John D. Rockefeller | image = Portrait of J. D. Rockefeller.jpg | caption = Rockefeller in 1895 | birth_name = John Davison Rockefeller | birth_date = {{birth date|1839|7|8|mf=y}} | birth_place = [[Richford, New York]], U.S. | death_date = {{death date and age|mf=yes|1937|5|23|1839|7|8}} | death_place = [[Ormond Beach, Florida]], U.S. | burial_place = {{ubl|[[Lake View Cemetery]], Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.|{{Coord|41.511|-81.591|type:landmark\region:US-OH|display=inline}}}} | occupation = Businessman | known_for = {{blist|list_style=margin-left:0;|Founding and leading the [[Standard Oil Company]]|Founding the [[University of Chicago]], [[Rockefeller University]], [[Central Philippine University]], [[General Education Board]], and [[Rockefeller Foundation]]}} | spouse = {{marriage|[[Laura Spelman Rockefeller|Laura Spelman]]|1864|1915|end=d.}} | children = {{hlist|[[Elizabeth Rockefeller Strong|Elizabeth]]|Alice|[[Alta Rockefeller Prentice|Alta]]|[[Edith Rockefeller McCormick|Edith]]|[[John D. Rockefeller Jr.|John Jr.]]}} | parents = {{ubl|[[William Rockefeller Sr.]]|Eliza Davison}} | relations = [[Rockefeller family]] }} Si '''John Davison Rockefeller Sr.''' (Hulyo 8, 1839 – Mayo 23, 1937) iyo an Amerikanong negosyante asin pilantropo. Saro siya sa [[List of richest Americans in history|pinakamayaman na Amerikano sa gabos na panahon]]<ref name="Fortune">{{cite news|url=https://money.cnn.com/gallery/luxury/2014/06/01/richest-americans-in-history|title=The Richest Americans|first=Steve|last=Hargreaves|access-date=March 25, 2016|publisher=CNN}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/ref/business/20070715_GILDED_GRAPHIC.html|title=The Wealthiest Americans Ever|access-date=July 17, 2007|newspaper=The New York Times|date=July 15, 2007}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=John D. Rockefeller: The Richest Man in the World|url=https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.aspx?num=47167|access-date=June 17, 2023|agency=Harvard Business School}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Housel|first=Morgan|title=Who will be the world's first trillionaire?|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/business/2013/10/24/worlds-first-trillionaire/3179099/|access-date=June 17, 2023|newspaper=USA Today}}</ref> and one of the richest people in modern history.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.askmen.com/toys/top_10/11b_top_10_list.html|title=Top 10 Richest Men of All Time|access-date=May 29, 2007|publisher=[[AskMen.com]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/rockefellers/filmmore/pt.html|title=The Rockefellers|access-date=May 29, 2007|publisher=[[Public Broadcasting Service]]|archive-date=January 26, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120126052525/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/rockefellers/filmmore/pt.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=":1" /> Namundag si Rockefeller sa sarong dakulang pamilya sa [[Upstate New York]] na nagpalipat-lipat nin nagkapirang beses bago nag-istar nin permanente sa [[Cleveland]], Ohio. Nagin siyang assistant bookkeeper sa edad na 16 asin puminasiring sa nagkapirang business partnerships nagpoon sa edad na 20, kinonsentrar an saiyang negosyo sa [[oil refining]]. Minukna ni Rockefeller an [[Standard Oil Company]] kaidtong 1870. Pinadalagan niya iyan sagkod 1897 asin nagdanay na pinakadakulang [[shareholder]] kaiyan. Sa saiyang pagretiro, pinokus niya an saiyang kusog asin yaman sa pagigin pilantropo, urog na sa may kinaaraman sa edukasyon, medisina, urog kahalangkaw na edukasyon, asin ginibong moderno an [[Habagatan na Estados Unidos ]]. ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} {{stub}} 8j4f2raeo5xnw8cheww1ag6g6fapmzb 289884 289883 2025-06-19T10:05:33Z Crystal East 25362 289884 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = John D. Rockefeller | image = Portrait of J. D. Rockefeller.jpg | caption = Rockefeller in 1895 | birth_name = John Davison Rockefeller | birth_date = {{birth date|1839|7|8|mf=y}} | birth_place = [[Richford, New York]], U.S. | death_date = {{death date and age|mf=yes|1937|5|23|1839|7|8}} | death_place = [[Ormond Beach, Florida]], U.S. | burial_place = {{ubl|[[Lake View Cemetery]], Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.|{{Coord|41.511|-81.591|type:landmark\region:US-OH|display=inline}}}} | occupation = Businessman | known_for = {{blist|list_style=margin-left:0;|Founding and leading the [[Standard Oil Company]]|Founding the [[University of Chicago]], [[Rockefeller University]], [[Central Philippine University]], [[General Education Board]], and [[Rockefeller Foundation]]}} | spouse = {{marriage|[[Laura Spelman Rockefeller|Laura Spelman]]|1864|1915|end=d.}} | children = {{hlist|[[Elizabeth Rockefeller Strong|Elizabeth]]|Alice|[[Alta Rockefeller Prentice|Alta]]|[[Edith Rockefeller McCormick|Edith]]|[[John D. Rockefeller Jr.|John Jr.]]}} | parents = {{ubl|[[William Rockefeller Sr.]]|Eliza Davison}} | relations = [[Rockefeller family]] }} Si '''John Davison Rockefeller Sr.''' (Hulyo 8, 1839 – Mayo 23, 1937) iyo an Amerikanong negosyante asin pilantropo. Saro siya sa [[List of richest Americans in history|pinakamayaman na Amerikano sa gabos na panahon]]<ref name="Fortune">{{cite news|url=https://money.cnn.com/gallery/luxury/2014/06/01/richest-americans-in-history|title=The Richest Americans|first=Steve|last=Hargreaves|access-date=March 25, 2016|publisher=CNN}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/ref/business/20070715_GILDED_GRAPHIC.html|title=The Wealthiest Americans Ever|access-date=July 17, 2007|newspaper=The New York Times|date=July 15, 2007}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=John D. Rockefeller: The Richest Man in the World|url=https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.aspx?num=47167|access-date=June 17, 2023|agency=Harvard Business School}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Housel|first=Morgan|title=Who will be the world's first trillionaire?|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/business/2013/10/24/worlds-first-trillionaire/3179099/|access-date=June 17, 2023|newspaper=USA Today}}</ref> asin saro sa pinakamayaman na tawo modernong kasaysayan.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.askmen.com/toys/top_10/11b_top_10_list.html|title=Top 10 Richest Men of All Time|access-date=May 29, 2007|publisher=[[AskMen.com]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/rockefellers/filmmore/pt.html|title=The Rockefellers|access-date=May 29, 2007|publisher=[[Public Broadcasting Service]]|archive-date=January 26, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120126052525/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/rockefellers/filmmore/pt.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=":1" /> Namundag si Rockefeller sa sarong dakulang pamilya sa [[Upstate New York]] na nagpalipat-lipat nin nagkapirang beses bago nag-istar nin permanente sa [[Cleveland]], Ohio. Nagin siyang assistant bookkeeper sa edad na 16 asin puminasiring sa nagkapirang business partnerships nagpoon sa edad na 20, kinonsentrar an saiyang negosyo sa [[oil refining]]. Minukna ni Rockefeller an [[Standard Oil Company]] kaidtong 1870. Pinadalagan niya iyan sagkod 1897 asin nagdanay na pinakadakulang [[shareholder]] kaiyan. Sa saiyang pagretiro, pinokus niya an saiyang kusog asin yaman sa pagigin pilantropo, urog na sa may kinaaraman sa edukasyon, medisina, urog kahalangkaw na edukasyon, asin ginibong moderno an [[Habagatan na Estados Unidos ]]. ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} {{stub}} k5ivpm0rjevwub727w5ilxvojjrninf