Wikipedia bclwiki https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panginot_na_Pahina MediaWiki 1.45.0-wmf.7 first-letter Medio Espesyal Olay Paragamit Olay kan paragamit Wikipedia Olay sa Wikipedia Ladawan Olay sa ladawan MediaWiki Olay sa MediaWiki Plantilya Olay sa plantilya Tabang Olay sa tabang Kategorya Olay sa kategorya TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 185 290406 281500 2025-07-02T05:41:23Z Svartava 19578 Ibinalik na mga pagliwat ni [[Special:Contributions/216.247.88.72|216.247.88.72]] ([[User talk:216.247.88.72|talk]]) sagkod sa huring rebisyon ni [[User:Chobot|Chobot]] 144499 wikitext text/x-wiki An '''Hindi''' iyo an nacional na tataramon nacional kan [[India]]. Ini an sarong lenguaheng opisyal kan India asin kapwa-opisyal sa mga manlainlain na rehiyon kan ining nacion. Mga 250 milyon total na katawo an parataram na natibu kan Hindi. Apuera sa India mismo, piggagamit ini sa [[Pakistan]], [[Banglades]], [[Sur Aprika]] asin sa mga manlainlain na mga komunidad kan mga Indios sa enterong kinàban. Segun sa mga linguistiko sadit sana an pagkakaiba kan Hindi asin Urdu, may mga iba ngani na dae pigkokonsiderar na ibang tataramon ining duwa, imbis diyalektos kan sarong tataramon na Hindustani. {{stub}} [[Kategorya:Mga tataramon]] 7uwdtue5duericvzchhy472hyk3f9de 0 412 290352 267108 2025-07-01T14:35:20Z Crystal East 25362 290352 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|Espesyes nin tinanom}} {{Speciesbox |image = Premna serratifolia.jpg |image_caption = Bunga kan Adgaw |image2 = Adgaw 001.jpg |image2_caption = An kahoy na adgaw |genus = Premna |species = odorata |authority = [[Francisco Manuel Blanco|Blanco]]{{r|FloraFilipinas|}} |synonyms = {{collapsible list |*''Gumira flavescens'' <small>Kuntze</small> |*''Gumira leucostoma'' <small>(Miq.) Kuntze</small> |*''Gumira odorata'' <small>(Blanco) Kuntze</small> |*''Gumira vestita'' <small>(Schauer) Kuntze</small> |*''Premna cumingiana'' var. ''pierreana'' <small>(Dop) P.H.Hô</small> |*''Premna curranii'' <small>H.J.Lam</small> |*''Premna depauperata'' <small>Merr.</small> |*''Premna goeringii'' <small>Turcz.</small> |*''Premna hamiltonii'' <small>J.L.Ellis</small> |*''Premna inaequilateralis'' <small>Beer & H.J.Lam</small> |*''Premna latifolia'' var. ''major'' <small>Moldenke</small> |*''Premna leucostoma'' <small>Miq.</small> |*''Premna maclurei'' <small>Merr.</small> |*''Premna odorata'' var. ''detergibilis'' <small>(C.B.Clarke) Moldenke</small> |*''Premna odorata'' var. ''pierreana'' <small>(Dop) Moldenke</small> |*''Premna peekelii'' <small>H.J.Lam</small> |*''Premna rubens'' <small>(C.B.Clarke) Ridl.</small> |*''Premna rufidula'' <small>Miq.</small> |*''Premna ruttenii'' <small>H.J.Lam</small> |*''Premna subscandens'' <small>Merr.</small> |*''Premna vestita'' <small>Schauer</small>}} | synonyms_ref = {{r|KewPOWO|}} }} [[Ladawan:Adgaw 003.jpg|right|thumb|280px|An mga bunga kan adgaw]] An '''adgaw''' (''Premna odorata'' Blanco) saróng espesyes nin nagbuburak na tinanom sa pamilyang [[Lamiaceae]].{{r|KewPOWO|}} Orog na midbid sa Ingles na '''fragrant premna''' (mahamot na Premna), asin mananagboan sa [[Subkontinenteng Indio]], [[Yunnan|Yunnan sa Tsina]], [[Habagatan-sirangan na Asya]], [[New Guinea]], asin [[Amihanan na Australya]], asin naturalisado sa [[Habagatan na Florida]].{{r|bonap2013|}} Sarong kahoy na ginagamit na bilang tradisyonal na pambulong sa Filipinas, asin pinapantanom bilang ornamental dyan asin kun sain pa.{{r|Dianitaetal_2017|}} ==Deskripsyon== Saróng nagkakáhoy na tinanóm na minalangkáw nin dai mataas sa 10 metro{{r|Dianitaetal_2017|}} asín an mga dahon matipanás an poró, asín an bunga birilogbílog na mairóm na lila. An [[burak]] kainí berde asin malamutî.{{r|stuart|}} ==Pambulong na Gamit== Sa Filipinas, sarô na iní sa pinapamugták na bulóng sa nasyon.{{r|Dianitaetal_2017|}} An ginàgâ nin mga dahon asín burak kainí marháy sa [[hapo|hapò]], sa pagpatukál kan dukót na plema, pampaluwas [[ganot|gànot]], [[tigab|pampatìgab]] sa duros na nasáray sa tulák. Marháy man iní sa mga nag-aábo. An ginàgâ kainí marháy pa man sa tuberkolusis, asín an ogbós na ginàgâ marháy na pampahalì nin halod. Marháy man an ginàgâ na pampòpô sa [[ikinabuhay]] asín siring man pamparígos sa mga ombóy.{{r|stuart|}}{{r|Mintz|}}{{r|fhhw|}} ==Isla nin Siargao== An isla nin [[Siargao]] sa Filipinas pinagngaran hale sa ''P. odorata'' (midbid man duman na ''siargaw'' o ''saliargaw'' sa tataramon lokal).{{r|Paredes2017|}} ==Toltolan== {{Reflist|refs= <ref name=bonap2013>[http://bonap.net/MapGallery/County/Premna%20odorata.png Biota of North America Program 2013 county distribution map]</ref> <ref name=Dianitaetal_2017>{{cite journal |last1=Dianita |first1=Roza |last2=Jantan |first2=Ibrahim |date=9 May 2017 |title=Ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological aspects of the genus ''Premna'': A review |journal=Pharmaceutical Biology |volume=55 |issue=1 |pages=1715–1739 |doi=10.1080/13880209.2017.1323225 |pmid=28486830 |pmc=6130445}}</ref> <ref name=Paredes2017>{{cite book |last1=Paredes |first1=Francis Tom |last2=Paredes |first2=Sheila |title=The Monosyllabic root -ao in Mindanao Languages |date=2017 |series=8th Annual In-house Review of the Research Office of Agusan del Sur State College of Agriculture and Technology|publisher=Agusan del Sur State College of Agriculture and Technology}}</ref> <ref name=stuart>[http://www.stuartxchange.com/Alagaw.html Adgaw]</ref> <ref name=Mintz>Bikol-English Dictionary. diksionariong bikol-ingles. [[Malcolm Mintz]]. New Day Publishers. Quezon City. Philippines. 1985. p. 217. [[ISBN 971-10-0212-4(Bp)]]</ref> <ref name=fhhw>[http://www.filipinoherbshealingwonders.filipinovegetarianrecipe.com/herbs_pics/alagaw.php Adgaw] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080311031054/http://www.filipinoherbshealingwonders.filipinovegetarianrecipe.com/herbs_pics/alagaw.php |date=2008-03-11 }}</ref> <ref name=FloraFilipinas>Fl. Filip. 488. 1837</ref> <ref name=KewPOWO>{{cite web|url= https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:864355-1|title= Premna odorata Blanco|author=<!--Not stated-->|date=n.d.|website=Plants of the World Online|publisher=The Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew|access-date= August 23, 2020}}</ref> }} {{Taxonbar|from=Q11128684}} [[Kategorya:Premna|odorata]] [[Kategorya:Mga tinanom sa Filipinas]] [[Kategorya:Flora kan tropikal na Asya]] [[Kategorya:Mga tanom na pigladawan kan 1837]] [[Kategorya:Taxa na nginaranan ni Francisco Manuel Blanco]] {{Lamiaceae-poon}} jjt9ojgk7mhjnnvdqqwmyg3oujmcbrz 0 2323 290415 275182 2025-07-02T06:39:53Z Derk29 17433 #WPWP #WPWPPH 290415 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ladawan:President Barack Obama.jpg|thumb|Presidente Barack Obama]] Si '''<nowiki/>'<nowiki/>''Barack Hussein Obama II''''' namundag kan Agosto 4, 1961, siya an ika-44 na Presidente kan Estados Unidos. Siya man an kaenot-enoteng Aprikano-Amerikano na nagtukaw sa pwesto. Si Obama sarong Senador kan Illinois kan Estados Unidos, poon Enero 2005 abot Nobyembre 2008, kan siya nagretiro sa pwestong ini ta siya naelihir na sarong presidente kan Estados Unidos. An sinundan niyang presidente iyo si George W. Bush. Siya naggradwar sa Columbia University, asin Harvard Law School kun saen siya an pinak-enot na Aprikano-Amerikanong naging presidente kan Harvard Law Review. Nagi man siyang sarong organisador sa komunidad sa Chicago bago siya naging abogado, dangan nagpraktis siya sa pagka-abogado niya sa Chicago natolod an isyu nin ''civil rights''. Pakatapos kaini nagsirbi siya sa Senado nin Illinois sa tolong termino, poon 1997 abot 2004. Nagtokdo man siya nin ''constitutional law'' sa University of Chicagoi Law School poon 1994 abot 2004. Nagkandidato kuta siya sa pagka-Representante kan taon 2000 sa Kongreso alagad dai nanggana, pero pagkandidato kan Nobyembre 2004 para sa pwesto sa Senado kan Estados Unidos, siya nakaluwas. Sa pagtukaw niya bago sa pagkapresidente siya yaon sa magkapirang komite, sa Foreign Relations, Environment asin Public Works, Veteran's Affairs, Health, Education, Labor, Pensions, Homeland Security asin Governmental Affairs. Mainit asin gitgitan si laban sa nominasyon sa primarya presidensyal kan Partido Demokrata kan Estados Unidos kung saen kalaban niya si Hillary Rodham Clinton. Siya an nakatakma kan nominasyon para sa pagkandidato para presidente. Kan mag-eleksyon heneral na kan 2008, na si John McCain an kalaban asin kandidato kan Partido Republikano kan Estados Unidos Partido Republikano, siya an guminana. Nagsumpa siya bilang sarong presidente kan Estados Unidos kan Enero 20, 2009. == Mga panluwas na takod == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090212081504/http://www.whitehouse.gov/administration/president_obama/ Opisyal na websityo kan White House] * [http://www.govtrack.us/congress/person.xpd?id=400629 Saiyang rekord sa Senado] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081127012025/http://www.govtrack.us/congress/person.xpd?id=400629 |date=2008-11-27 }} * http://usatopnews2015.blogspot.com/2011/06/obama.html {{tamboan}} {{Presidente kan Estados Unidos}} [[Kategorya:Mga presidente kan Estados Unidos|Obama, Barack]] gk3hc87oweymrga925km7b3349t2qfn 0 2471 290401 282013 2025-07-02T03:50:35Z SirJest 27912 /* Toltolan */ Added the live sources from WebArchive / Wayback Machine 290401 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Monumento para sa mga kagmukna kan TVGU.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Monumento kan TVGU sa San Nicolas, Canaman, itinindog Marso 8, 2017]] [[Ladawan:TVGU park.jpg|250px|thumb|right|Monumento kan TVGU sa Requejo Park sa Canaman, Camarines Sur]] An '''Tangcong Vaca Guerilla Unit''', siring man "Ta'''n'''cong Vaca Guerilla Unit" (TVGU), sarong gerilyang grupo laban sa mga [[Hapon]] na pigtogdas ni [[Elias Madrid]] kan [[Marso 8]], [[1942]] sa [[Canaman, Camarines Sur|San Nicolas, Canaman]], [[Camarines Sur]]. Pigpamayohan ini ninda Major [[Juan Q. Miranda]], pamangkin ni Madrid, asin [[Leon Aureus]] na taga-[[Libmanan]], Camarines Sur.<ref>[http://www.bicolmail.com/2012/?p=19968 World War II Tangcong Vaca Guerilla Unit (Tvgu) Guiniguiromdom sa Canaman] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150410132610/http://www.bicolmail.com/2012/?p=19968 |date=2015-04-10 }} Bicol Mail (pighúgot kan 2015-03-07)</ref> An TVGU iyo an pinakamakusog sa mga gerilyang grupo laban sa mga [[Hapon]] sa laog nin tolong [[taon]] na mayong suporta halì sa mga [[Estados Unidos|Amerikano]] asin [[Filipinas|Filipino]] sundalo.<ref>[http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/inquirerheadlines/regions/view/20090311-193628/Homegrown-guerrillas-await-PVAO-call Homegrown guerrillas await PVAO call] Philippine Daily Inquirer (pighúgot 2009-07-21) {{Webarchive|date=2009-03-19|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090319040111/http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/inquirerheadlines/regions/view/20090311-193628/Homegrown-guerrillas-await-PVAO-call#expand}}</ref> Nabawì kan grupo an kapitolyo kan Camarines Sur sa pakikipagtabangan kan iba pang gerilyang grupo asin mga agta. An pinakamatriyumpong operasyon kan grupo iyo an an pagsakyada sa Taguilid Pass sa [[Pamplona, Camarines Sur|Pamplona]], [[Camarines Sur]] kan Nobyembre 1942 na 186 na mga Hapon an nagadan kaiba si Heneral Takano. ==Pagromdom sa TVGU== Sarong monumento na nagtataong onra asin pagromdom an mahihiling sa Requejo Park sa Canaman, Camarines Sur.<ref>[http://bicolmail.com/issue/2009/march05/xww2.html Homegrown WW2 vets wait to receive call for recognition] [[Bicol Mail]] (pighúgot kan Agosto 25, 2009) {{Webarchive|date=|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118153946/http://bicolmail.com/issue/2009/march05/xww2.html}}</ref> Sa San Nicolas parehong banwaan, sarong tandâ an ibinugtak kun sain namundag an gerilyang grupo. Sa sarong makahulogan na akto, an gobyerno lokal kan barangay nin San Nicolas, Canaman nagpatindog nin sarong monumento kan Marso 8, 2017 para sa tolong mga gerilya na iyo sinda [[Elias Madrid]], [[Juan Q. Miranda]], asin [[Leon Aureus]] sa pagtala' sa historya bilang sinda an kagmukna kan [[Tangkong Vaca Guerilla Unit]] na mismo tinogdas sa laog kan nasabing barangay. ==Tangcong Vaca== An Mt. Bernacci<ref>[http://www.pia.gov.ph/?m=12&fi=p060525.htm&no=45 DENR reforests 210 hectares of watershed areas in Bicol] Philippine Information Agency (pighúgot 2009-07-21) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119010614/http://www.pia.gov.ph/?m=12&fi=p060525.htm&no=45}}</ref>, sarong bulod sa [[Libmanan, Camarines Sur|Libmanan]], Camarines Sur, inaapod na "Tangcong Vaca" huli sa hitsura niya na kun tatanawon sa harayo garo na nakakaagid sa [[tangkong]] kan baka. ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} ==Mga hihilngan== * [[Jose Barrameda, Jr.|Barrameda, Jose Jr. V.]] The Crucible of an Asymmetrical War in Camarines Sur 1942-1945, National Historical Institute, [[Naga City]] [[2007]] * [[Danilo Gerona|Gerona, Danilo M.]] NAGA: The Birth and Rebirt of a City, Local Government Unit of Naga City, [[2003]] * [http://filipinos-ww2usmilitaryservice.tripod.com/id72.html] Recognized Guerillas. TVGU binisto, nakalista sa File no.247. {{poon}} dtk735mxc8cb8ir5bpxirbrn90sfrwm 0 4624 290356 254979 2025-07-01T16:57:55Z Martin Macha 2111 16571 290356 wikitext text/x-wiki {{coord|15.4|101.3|display=title}} {{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = Kahadean nin Tailandya | common_name = Tailandya | native_name = {{native name|th|ราชอาณาจักรไทย|italics=no}}<br />{{lang|th-Latn|Ratcha-anachak Thai}} | image_flag = Flag of Thailand.svg | image_coat = Garuda Emblem of Thailand.svg | symbol_type = Emblem | national_motto = | national_anthem = ''[[Thai National Anthem|Phleng Chat Thai]]''<br />({{lang-en|"Thai National Anthem"}})<br /><center>[[File:Thai National Anthem - US Navy Band.ogg]]</center> | royal_anthem = ''[[Sansoen Phra Barami]]''<br />({{lang-en|"Glorify His prestige"}})<br /><center>[[File:Thai Royal Anthem - US Navy Band.ogg]]</center> | image_map = Location Thailand ASEAN.svg |map_caption = {{map caption |location_color=green |region=[[ASEAN]] |region_color=dark grey |legend=Location Thailand ASEAN.svg}} | image_map2 = Thailand - Location Map (2013) - THA - UNOCHA.svg | capital = [[Bangkok]] | coordinates = {{Coord|13|45|N|100|29|E|type:city}} | largest_city = Bangkok | official_languages = [[Thai language|Thai]]<ref name=CIA>[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/th.html Thailand] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150703193043/https://www.cia.gov/Library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/th.html |date=3 July 2015 }}, ''The World Factbook''.</ref><!--Thai is the official language. English is a non-official secondary language.--> |languages_type = Spoken languages |languages = {{hlist|[[Isan language|Isan]]|[[Northern Thai language|Kam Mueang]]|[[Southern Thai language|Pak Tai]]}} | ethnic_groups = {{unbulleted list | {{nowrap|[[Thai people|Thai]]}}<br />{{nowrap|&nbsp;'''∟''' 34.1% [[Central Thailand|Central Thai]]}}<br />{{nowrap|&nbsp;'''∟''' 24.9% [[Isan people|Khon Isan]]}}<ref name="DraperKamnuansilpa">{{cite journal|last= Draper|first= John|last2= Kamnuansilpa|first2= Peerasit|date= 2016|title= The Thai Lao Question: The Reappearance of Thailand’s Ethnic Lao Community and Related Policy Questions|url= http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14631369.2016.1258300|journal= Asian Ethnicity|volume= |issue= |pages= |doi= 10.1080/14631369.2016.1258300|access-date= 23 November 2016|deadurl= no|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20161227040923/http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14631369.2016.1258300|archivedate= 27 December 2016|df= dmy-all}}</ref><br />{{nowrap|&nbsp;'''∟''' 9.9% [[Northern Thai people|Khon Muang]]}} <br />{{nowrap|&nbsp;'''∟''' 7.5% [[Southern Thailand|Southern Thai]]}} | 14% [[Thai Chinese]] | 12% Others <small>(incl. [[Karen people|Karen]], [[Thai Malays|Malay]], [[Mon people|Mon]], [[Northern Khmer people|Khmer]], "[[Hill tribe (Thailand)|Hill tribes]]")</small><ref name="CERD/C/THA/1-3">{{cite book|title=International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination; Reports submitted by States parties under article 9 of the Convention: Thailand|date=28 July 2011|publisher=United Nations Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination|url=http://www.rlpd.go.th/rlpdnew/images/rlpd_1/HRC/CERD%201_3.pdf|accessdate=8 October 2016|language=English with appended Thai government translation|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009184727/http://www.rlpd.go.th/rlpdnew/images/rlpd_1/HRC/CERD%201_3.pdf|archivedate=9 October 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref>{{RP|95–99}}<ref>{{citation |author=David Levinson |title=Ethnic Groups Worldwide: A Ready Reference Handbook |publisher=Oryx Pres |year=1998 |page=287|isbn=1-57356-019-7}}</ref><ref name=Ethno2013>{{citation |last1 = Paul |first1 = Lewis M. |last2 = Simons |first2 = Gary F. |last3 = Fennig |first3 = Charles D. |year = 2013 |title = Ethnologue: Languages of the World |publisher = SIL International |isbn = 978-1-55671-216-6 |url = http://www.ethnologue.com |deadurl = no |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071227170852/http://www.ethnologue.com/ |archivedate = 27 December 2007 |df = dmy-all }}</ref> }} |ethnic_groups_year = 2009;<ref name="West794">{{citation |author=Barbara A. West |title=Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Asia and Oceania |publisher=Facts on File |year=2009 |page=794|isbn=1-4381-1913-5}}</ref> 2011<ref name="CERD/C/THA/1-3" />{{RP|95–99}} | demonym = [[Demographics of Thailand|Thai]]<br />[[Thai people|Siamese]] (archaic) | government_type = [[Unitary state|Unitary]] [[Parliamentary system|parliamentary]] [[constitutional monarchy]] | leader_title1 = [[Monarchy of Thailand|Monarch]] | leader_name1 = [[Vajiralongkorn|Maha Vajiralongkorn]] | leader_title2 = [[Prime Minister of Thailand|Prime Minister]] | leader_name2 = [[Suriya Juangroongruangkit]] | leader_title3 = | leader_name3 = | legislature = [[National Legislative Assembly of Thailand (2014)|National Legislative Assembly]] (acting as [[National Assembly of Thailand|National Assembly]]) | sovereignty_type = [[History of Thailand|Formation]] | established_event1 = [[Sukhothai Kingdom]] | established_date1 = 1238–1448 | established_event2 = [[Ayutthaya Kingdom]] | established_date2 = 1351–1767 | established_event3 = [[Thonburi Kingdom]] | established_date3 = 1768–1782 | established_event4 = [[Rattanakosin Kingdom]] | established_date4 = 6 April 1782 | established_event5 = {{nowrap|[[Siamese revolution of 1932|Constitutional monarchy]]}} | established_date5 = 24 June 1932 | established_event6 = {{nowrap|[[Constitution of Thailand|Current constitution]]}} | established_date6 = 6 April 2017 | area_km2 = 513,120 | area_rank = 50th | area_sq_mi = 198,115 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> | percent_water = {{nowrap|0.4 (2,230 km{{smallsup|2}})}} | population_estimate = {{UN_Population|Thailand}}{{UN_Population|ref}} | population_census = 64,785,909<ref>{{th icon}} National Statistics Office, [http://popcensus.nso.go.th/doc/8-thailand%20census.doc "100th anniversary of population censuses in Thailand: Population and housing census 2010: 11th census of Thailand"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712002347/http://popcensus.nso.go.th/doc/8-thailand%20census.doc |date=12 July 2012 }}. popcensus.nso.go.th.</ref> | population_estimate_year = {{UN_Population|Year}} | population_estimate_rank = 20th | population_census_year = 2010 | population_density_km2 = 132.1 | population_density_sq_mi = 342 <!--Do remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> | population_density_rank = 88th | GDP_PPP = $1.296 trillion<ref name=imf2>{{cite web |url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2017/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=52&pr.y=7&sy=2016&ey=2018&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=578&s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a= |title=Thailand |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |accessdate=29 January 2018 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180328013341/http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2017/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=52&pr.y=7&sy=2016&ey=2018&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=578&s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a= |archivedate=28 March 2018 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> | GDP_PPP_year = 2018 | GDP_PPP_rank = | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $18,734<ref name=imf2 /> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = | GDP_nominal = {{nowrap|$514.700 billion}}<ref name="NESDBFeb2018">{{cite web|url=http://www.nesdb.go.th/nesdb_en/ewt_dl_link.php?nid=4360&filename=Macroeconomic_Planning|title=Thai Economic Performance in Q4 and 2017 and Outlook for 2018|publisher=[[National Economic and Social Development Board]]|accessdate=21 February 2018|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180222043705/http://www.nesdb.go.th/nesdb_en/ewt_dl_link.php?nid=4360&filename=Macroeconomic_Planning|archivedate=22 February 2018|df=dmy-all}}</ref> | GDP_nominal_year = 2018 | GDP_nominal_rank = | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $7,588<ref name="NESDBFeb2018"/> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = | Gini = 37.8 <!--number only--> | Gini_year = 2013 | Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini_ref =<ref name="wb-gini">{{cite web |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?locations=TH |title=Gini Index |publisher=World Bank |accessdate=3 December 2017 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171204065819/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?locations=TH |archivedate=4 December 2017 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> | Gini_rank = | HDI = 0.740 <!--number only--> | HDI_year = 2015<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--> | HDI_change = increase<!--increase/decrease/steady--> |HDI_ref = <ref name=UNDP>{{cite book|title=Global 2016 Human Development Report Overview – English|date=2017|publisher=United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)|location=New York|pages=22–24|url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/HDR2016_EN_Overview_Web.pdf|accessdate=22 March 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170323061227/http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/HDR2016_EN_Overview_Web.pdf|archivedate=23 March 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref> | HDI_rank = 87th | currency = [[Thai baht|Baht]] (฿) | currency_code = THB | time_zone = [[UTC+07:00|ICT]] | utc_offset = +7 | utc_offset_DST = <!-- +N, where N is number of hours --> | DST_note = | time_zone_DST = | drives_on = [[Right- and left-hand traffic|left]] | calling_code = [[+66]] | cctld = {{unbulleted list |[[.th]] |[[.ไทย]]}} |religion = {{ublist |item_style=white-space:nowrap; |94.50% [[Buddhism in Thailand|Buddhism]] |4.29% [[Islam in Thailand|Islam]] |1.17% [[Christianity in Thailand|Christianity]] |0.03% [[Hinduism in Southeast Asia|Hinduism]] |0.01% [[Irreligion|Unaffiliated]]<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=http://web.nso.go.th/en/survey/popchan/data/2015-2016-Statistical%20tables%20PDF.pdf|title=Population by religion, region and area, 2015|last=|first=|website=|publisher=NSO|accessdate=2017-10-12|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171210020110/http://web.nso.go.th/en/survey/popchan/data/2015-2016-Statistical%20tables%20PDF.pdf|archivedate=10 December 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref>}} | area_magnitude = 1 E11 }} An '''Tailandya''' (sa [[tataramon na Ingles|Ingles]]: Thailand) o '''Kahadean nin Tailandya''' sarong nasyon sa [[Asya]]. ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} {{tamboan}} {{Asya}} [[Kategorya:Mga nasyon sa Asya]] 22vkj525an403v8or1sdfbhssbbtlvn 0 7034 290345 282012 2025-07-01T12:28:23Z Ringer 55 290345 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox organization |name = Sumaro Bikolnon |image = |caption = Opisyal na tatak |abbreviation = Sumaro Bikolnon |motto = |formation = Desyembre 9, 2007 |extinction = <!-- date of extinction, optional --> |type = Pangkultura |status = <!-- ad hoc, treaty, foundation, etc --> |purpose = |headquarters = |location = [[Syudad nin Naga]], [[rehiyon Bikol|Bikol]] |founder = [[Ramon Olaño, Jr.]] |coords = <!-- Coordinates of location using a coordinates template --> |region_served = |membership = |language = <!-- official languages --> |leader_title = Presidente |leader_name = [[Ramon Olaño, Jr.]] |main_organ = <!-- gral. assembly, board of directors, etc --> |parent_organization = <!-- if one --> |affiliations = <!-- if any --> |num_staff = |num_volunteers = |budget = |website = {{URL|http://www.sumarobikolnon.webs.com}} |remarks = }} [[File:SB Meeting 4824 D.jpg|thumb|280px|pagtiripon mga opisyales kan SB]] An '''Sumaro Bikolnon, Inc.''' o Sumaro Bikol<ref>[http://www.bicolmail.com/issue/2008/april24/sumaro.html An tingog sa tahaw nin mga bungog] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231016111210/http://www.bicolmail.com/issue/2008/april24/sumaro.html |date=2023-10-16 }} [[Bicol Mail]] (Pighúgot [[2009]]-[[Agosto|08]]-[[Agosto 25|25]])</ref><ref>'''Bonyog-Bikolnon''' an inot na pangaran antes na ipaguhit sa SEC sosog ki [[Jose Jason Chancoco]] sa [http://hagbayon.wordpress.com/2007/12/21/image002/ Hagbayon] (Pighúgot [[2009]]-[[Agosto|08]]-[[Agosto 26|26]])</ref> sarong grupo nin mga [[parasurat]], parasurog asin paratulod kan lokal na kultura sa [[probinsya kan Filipinas|probinsya]] nin [[Camarines Sur]]. Itinugdas ini kan Desyembre 9, 2007 sa Madrigal Foundation Bldg., [[Ateneo de Naga na Unibersidad]] asin naipaguhit sa Securities and Exchange Commission kan Marso 5, 2008 sa [[Syudad nin Legazpi]], [[Albay]]. ==Pagpoon== Pinagtipon ni [[Ramon Olaño, Jr.]] an mga Bikolista bago matapos an [[2007]] tanganing mabilog an sarong kasararoan na matulod kan mga paghiro dapit sa kulturang Bikolnon. Kabilang sa inot nagsimbag sa pangapodan asin iyo an nagmurukna kan organisasyon iyo an historyador asin parasurat [[Jose Fernando Obias]] asin si [[Nathan Sergio|D.C. Nathan Sergio]]. Pormal na naipaguhit an kaayonan sa Security and Exchange Commission (SEC) kaiba sa Fabiana Arejola, [[Estelito Jacob]], [[Jose Barrameda, Jr.]], Fr. Wilmer Joseph Tria, [[Danilo Gerona]], [[Kristian Cordero]], Gian Paolo Priela, Manny Zagada asin Clodualdo Ceron bilang mga incorporator kaini. An inot na napiling pamayo kan organisasyon iyo si Jose Fernando Obias. Nagreorganisar an grupo huli sa pagbublay kan nagkapirang myembro kan organisasyon sa manlainlain na rason. Sa NagaLand Hotel, napili an mga bagong direktor kan grupo kabali si [[Ramon Olaño, Jr.]] bilang tagapamayo [[Bernardo Miguel Aguay Jr.]], [[Jerome Hipolito]], Sheila Basbas, [[Gil L. Gregorio]], [[Nathan Sergio|D.C. Nathan Sergio]], [[Frank Peñones, Jr.]], [[Jose Jason Chancoco]], [[Irvin Sto. Tomas]], Jan Kevin de Quiroz asin Jusan Misolas bilang mga direktor.<ref>http://www.bicolmail.com/issue/2010/jun17/xsumaro.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231003222432/http://www.bicolmail.com/issue/2010/jun17/xsumaro.html |date=2023-10-03 }} Eleksyon kan Sumaro Bikolnon kan Hunyo 12, 2010</ref> ==Mga Paghingoa== An minasunód iyó an paghingóa kan kaburunyogán: # Magbantáy, mag-adal asín magpauswág kan tatarámon na [[tataramon na Bikol|Bikol]] # Mag-andoróg sa mga parasurát sa tatarámon na iní asín magmuknâ nin mga programa sa pag-agyát na dumakól an nagsusúrat sa Bikol # Magtípon asín magrimpós kan mga historia sa [[rehiyon Bikol|ronáng Bikol]] # Magtìmós asín magpabantóg kan mga awit-banwáan kan ronâ # Magtaóng insentibo sa mga [[Bikolano]] na magkompos nin mga kantang Bikolnon # Magsáray asín magpreserba kan mga artifacts, mga monumento asín mga bagay arkiyolohikos # Magin antábay asín hadóyan kan arinmán na institusyon, pribado o publiko, sa mga bagay na kultural # Maggíbo nin ano man na lakdáng na an kulturang Bikolnon magdánay, maglakóp, magtalúbò asín magrambóng Alagad, an organisasyon na ini naglakbang na an mga hinihimong kasibotan asin bako sana sa kultura o pagsukit kan historya. Sa lantad nin pagtaong asikaso sa mga kaakian, an kasararoan regular na naglilibot sa mga barangay bako sana sa siyudad kan Naga kundi sa mga baro-banwaan sa pagtao kan inaapod na Barangay Feeding (inapod nang, Barangay Family Hour) sa mga kaakian asin nagpapakawat ngane makataong paglinga asin kaogmahan asin igdi may mga premyong itinatao. Siring man, nagpapadrino inin nin mga seminar/lektura sa historya sa kanoodan kan publiko. Parte naman kan saiyang adbokasya an pagtolod kan mga isyu dapit sa kultura, arog kan pagsurog asin pag'ataman sa mga heritage sites, pagbantay sa mga heritage buildings, asin pagsaray sa mga anoman na artifaks na kultural. An Sumaro Bikolnon, Inc., naggawad na nin mga pag'onra o pagpilang sa mga personalidad na kanigoan an naambag para sa kulturang Bikolnon asin siring man duman sa may pambihirang na'idulot na karahayan sa komunidad asin ipinahiling an saindang liderato asin serbisyo paagi kan dinadarang opisyo o katongdan, sa publiko o pribado man na sektor. Sa sarong pagtiripon kan Sumaro Bikolnon, kan Nobyembre 15, 2015 minukna an duwang gawad nin pag'onra: an Gawad Hiyangta'<ref>[http://quod.lib.umich.edu/p/philamer/AQA2025.0001.001?type=simple&rgn=full+text&q1=hiyangta&submit=Go.] hiyangta.[[Vocabulario de la Lengua Bicol]]. p. 177. Kinua 17-10-16</ref><ref>hiyangta. Mintz, Malcolm W. Bikol Dictionary. Volume II. Bikol-English Dictionary. Uniprint. Perth, Western Australia. 2004. p. 607 ISBN 0 9580383 5 X</ref>) para sa liderato asin serbisyo sa komunidad, asin an Gawad Dawani, para sa kaambagan sa lantad nin arte asin kultura.<ref>http://www.bicolmail.com/2012/?p=23725 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151212071841/http://www.bicolmail.com/2012/?p=23725 |date=2015-12-12 }} Kinua 19-12-15</ref> ==Mga kasibotan sa lakaw nin panahon== ====Taon 2010==== * [[Padurunongan]] kan banwaan nin Canaman [[File:An_tambobong.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Inot na luwas kan ''An Tambobong nin Literaturang Bikolnon'' (2010)]] Naipublikar an duwang luwas kan babasahon na [[An Tambobong nin Literaturang Bikolnon]] sa suporta kan organisasyon kan Marso asin Hulyo 2010. Bulan nin Agosto kan nagpadrino man an organisasyon kan [[Padurunongan (Canaman, Camarines Sur)|Padurunongan]], sarong patiribayan pangkultura sa kaakian sa elementarya sa [[Canaman, Camarines Sur|Canaman]], [[Camarines Sur]]. * Sarong Bangging Musika para ki Ina Kan Septyembre 14, 2010, an Sumaro Bikolnon nagdulot nin onra ki Inang Penafrancia, sa okasyon kan saiyang tresentenaryo, na inapod na Sarong Bangging Musika para ki Ina, tolong oras na piyestang musika bikolnon na ginibo sa Plasa Quezon na tinampokan kan Camaligan Singing Choir, asin mga indibidwal na parakanta, pigsabayan nin kawat sa organ ni Caloy Salcedo. ====Taon 2013==== * Lektura dapit sa Galleon Trade ni Dr. Gerona [[Hunyo 23]], [[2013]] pinadrinohan kan organisasyon an sarong pamanggi-para-sa-sarong-kawsa kun sain nagtaong lektura si [[Danilo Gerona]] dapit sa Galleon Trade. Digdi man nanumpa an mga bagong opisyal kan grupo para sa taon 2013 sagkod 2014. Kabilang sa mga bagong myembro kaini iyo sinda Ernie Verdadero, [[Jerry Adrados]], Jun Chica, Carlos Salcedo asin iba pa. Digdi man sa okasyon na ini nagtaong gawad postuma ki [[Mariano Perfecto]] sa pagmidbid saiya komo Ama kan Literaturang Bikolnon asin kan Literaturang Hiligaynon. * 3-aldaw na Seminar dapit sa Cultural Heritage Sa 3-aldaw na seminar (Des. 3-5, 2013) dapit sa ''Protection and Conservation of the National Cultural Heritage'' an Sumaro Bikolnon nakipagtabangan sa apat na organisasyon, an [[National Commission for Culture and the Arts]], an lokal na gobyerno kan Syudad nin Naga, Centro Naga Business Club asin an United Architect of the Philippines (UAP) Camarines Chapter ngane an nasabing seminar madara sa maray na eksito. ====Taon 2014==== * Bikol Song Festival Kan Oktobre 25, 2014, an Sumaro Bikolnon nag'ama sa sarong piyesta nin mga kantang bikolnon (Bikol Song Festival) na ginibo sa Champagne Garden, sa siyudad nin Naga kun saen mga bantogan na parakanta asin mga kompositor an nagbali asin nagtaong kaogmahan asin kaalingan nanggad sa mga paradalan na nakapano na gayo sa lugar na ginibohan kan kasiribotan. Sa okasyon na ini, an Sumaro naggawad nin pagmidbid (Plaka nin PagpaDios Mabalos) ki Padre [[James O'Brien|James J. O'Brien, S.J.]] asin ki [[Jerry Adrados]].<ref>http://www.bicolmail.com/2012/?p=18357 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304234301/http://www.bicolmail.com/2012/?p=18357 |date=2016-03-04 }} Kinua 02-11-14</ref> Saro sa nagkanta iyo si [[Mark Avila]], na kinanta an mga komposisyon ni [[Ferdinand Dimadura]] asin an huri saro sa nagdayo sa pagdalan igdi. An grupo ni kompositor Carlos Salcedo, Jr na binibilog ninda Remigio Felizmeno, Tess Felizmenio asin Jorge Olivera enot na nagpadangog kan saindang mga tradisyonal na awit, sinundan ni Mark Avila asin an huring grupo, grupo ni Diosdado "Dodong" Valencia, iyo an nagdara kan banggi huli sa mga magagayon asin orihinal na mga kanta kaini. An Valencia Singers binibilog ni Valencia, ni Dean Delmo V. Correo, Eldie Celocelo, asin sarong daragitay. Sa pagboses nin rawitdawit hale sa obra ni [[Jerry Adrados]] tituladong "Pasaway", iyo si Edwin "Bong" de la Torre na mahusay magpahayag pano nin pamate gibo kan dating beterano sa teatro asin nagin myembro sa PETA.<ref>http://www.bicolmail.com/2012/?p=18357 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304234301/http://www.bicolmail.com/2012/?p=18357 |date=2016-03-04 }} Kinua 02-11-14</ref> ====Taon 2015==== * Sarong Bangging Rawitdawit, Rawaydaway asin Awit Naghihinapos an 2015, Nobyembre 28, an Sumaro nag-ama' kan aktibidad na pigngaranana Banggi nin Rawitdawit, Rawaydaway asin Awit sa tuyong pagrokyaw kan ika-150ng anibersaryong pagkamundag ni [[Tomas Arejola]]. Kadungan sa okasyon, sarong gawad postuma an itinao ki Arejola sa pagmidbid kan saiyang serbisyo sa komunidad bilang Representante (1907-1911) kan [[Ambos Camarines]], na sarong pasib na inapod kan kasararoan na Gawad Hiyangta. ====Taon 2016==== * Hiyangta Christmas dinner-concert Sa kama'wotan magtaong pagaling-aling asin dagos pagpadangog asin pagparomdom sa publiko kan gayon kan mga kantang bikolnon, an kasararoan nagpasale nin sarong konsyerto kan Desyembre 9, 2016. Inapod na Hiyangta- Christmas Dinner-concert, ini ginibo sa Champagne Garden, igdi sa Naga.<ref>[http://www.bicolmail.com/2012/index.php?s=Hiyangta+kan+Sumaro+Bikonon%2C+matrayumpong+ginibo] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231016111225/http://www.bicolmail.com/2012/index.php?s=Hiyangta+kan+Sumaro+Bikonon,+matrayumpong+ginibo |date=2023-10-16 }}Bicol Mail: Hiyangta kan Sumaro Bikolnon...Kinua 5-02-17</ref> Sa okasyon na ini, tolong pasib an iginawad sa tolong persona: ki Victor Masoud Bichara(Gawad Dawani), sarong gawad postuma, ki Jose Rey, Sr. (Gawad Dawani), sarong gawad postuma, asin ki Kongresista Salvio Fortuno (Gawad Hiyangta). ====Taon 2017==== * Kabikolan at War * Pagromdom kan Ika-105 Anibersaryong pagkagadan ni Perfecto Kan Abril 7, 2017 an organisasyon nag'ama nin sarong lektura-eksibit manongod sa agi-agi kan [[Ikaduwang Gerang Pankinaban]] igdi sa Kabikolan tituladong "Kabikolan at War" na ginibo sa Holy Rosary Minor Seminary, igdi sa Syudad nin Naga kun saen sinda Dr. [[Danilo Gerona]], Dr. Karl Ian Uy Cheng Chua, asin si Leo Paulo I. Imperial an mga nagtararam. Sa sinabing okasyon an kasararoan pinagpilang asin tinawan onra an tolong mga beterano sa gera: sinda Maj. [[Teofilo B. Padua]], Maj. [[Juan Q. Miranda]], asin si Commo. [[Jaime C. Jimenez]]. An huri ginawadan kan Gawad Hiyangta huli pa bilang pinakaenot na nagtogdas nin kolehiyo sa edukasyon maritimo igdi sa ronang Bikol.<ref>http://www.bicolstandard.com/2017/04/war-years-lecture-held-in-naga-city.html Kinua 27-04-17</ref><ref>https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=684051651780633&id=185949624924174 Kinua 27-04-17</ref> Sa Ika-105 anibersaryo nin pagkagadan ni Mariano Perfecto pinagmarhay kan grupo na magselebrar paagi nin karantahan asin rawitdawit bilang pagromdom na si Perfecto iyo an kag-ama' kan literaturang Bikol asin kan Hiligaynon pa ngane, na ginibo sa FishCove Garden sa Bgy. Abella, Syudad nin Naga asin nasundan pa ini nin sarong lektura dapit sa obra asin buhay ni Perfecto sa Ateneo de Naga University kan Nobyembre 27 parehong taon asin kun saen an taga-lektura iyo si Edwin "Bong" de la Torre. ====Taon 2018==== * Urugmahan sa Pasko 2018 Kan Desyembre 14, 2018, sa FishCove Gardens, Syudad nin Naga sarong kaogmahan an pigkasiribotan sa pagrokyaw kan Kapaskohan asin man sa pagtaong onra sa duwang persona na may dakulang ambag sa arte asin kultura: si [[Gerry Latumbo|Gerry Duran Latumbo]] sa pagpahiling kahusayan sa musika asin ki Rufo Ocampo Tuy, Sr. bilang tagahatod bareta nin pirang dekada paagi nin radyo. ====Taon 2019==== * [[Aldaw nin Filipino-Espanyol na Pag'aramigo|Aldaw nin Pag'aramigo kan Filipino asin Espanyol]] Kan Hunyo 30, 2019, an Sumaro Bikolnon katuwang man an Nueva Caceres Heritage Movement, Inc. asin iba pang mga organisasyon, pig tulod sa maray na resulta an selebrasyon kan inapod na "Aldaw nin Pag-aramigo kan Espanyol asin Filipino" o inapod na "Philippine-Spanish Friendship Day". Binuksan an selebrasyon kan pagkaaga sa pag'inagurar kan "heritage ark" namogtak sa solar ni Don [[Mariano Abella]] sa [[Kalye Blumentritt]], Syudad nin Naga. Pagkahapon itinampok an eksibit nin ,mga pintura kan Kintab Group sa lobby kan Avenue Plaza na tinapos an selebrasyon sa sarong lektura asin baraylehan nin mga bayleng Espanyol sa sasabing hotel. An lektura ni [[Danilo Gerona|Dr. Danilo Madrid Gerona]] dapit sa mga negosyong dinara kan mga Espanyol asin an timbreng danay kaini sa ekonomiya kan Kabikolan (1572-1898).<ref>[https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1023923]pia.gov.ph. Kinua 2019-08-23</ref> ====Taon 2022==== * Pagtaong Gawad sa mga piling persona Sa okasyon kan Pasko (Des 2022), an Sumaro Bikolnon nagtaong onra sa duwang persona, ki Carlos Apuan Arejola (Gawad Dawani) huli sa mga ginibong proyekto kultural kaini asin ki Diego Coner (Gawad Hiyangta) huli sa saiyang mga paghingowa sa lantad nin pagpagantad kan buhay ekonomiko kan komunidad. ====Taon 2023==== *Pagkampanya maligtas sa pagrugba' kan duwang estruktura historikal Sa sayod na pagmakulog sa mga pamana asin historikal na mga edipisyo asin estruktura sa laog kan siyudad nin Naga, an organisasyon nakipagtuwang sa [[Nueva Caceres Heritage Movement]] na maligtas sa paggaba' kan duwang estrukturang lumaon na (natindog 1826) namumugtak sa Distrito Sorral, sa Barangay San Francisco kan sarong korporasyon na iyo na an kagsadiri kan lote namumugtakan kan mga estruktura. <ref>https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1917710/heritage-advocates-fight-to-save-nagas-historic-jail-post-office-from-demolition. Kinua 2024-06-25.</ref> ====Taon 2024==== * Pagbungsod kan opisyal na publikasyon Dawani Ngonyan Mayo 2024 an Sumaro Bikolnon nagbungsod kan opisyal na publikasyon kaini, an magasin na Dawani. An editor kan magasin iyo si Eilyn Nidea asin an lay-out artist iyo si Rita Limjoco, an front cover artist iyo si Michael Sales. An magasin, sa 50 pahinang dahon, pigtampok an mga sinurat kan manlaen-laen na mga parasurat Bikolnon sa pagbusol kan pagtalubo kan literatura, musika asin arte. Siring man ini may mga historikal na artikulo asin mga imahe kan pintura kan mga visual artists (pintor) kan Camarines Sur. Asin sa katuyohan na mamidbid an mga hiro asin adbokasiya kan mga kaayonan kultural igdi sa probinsya asin sa siyudad nin Naga, bwelo pinagtawan espasyo an mga organisasyon makapabisto kan saindang mga proyekto asin kasibotan. Ini naimprinta sa Goldprint, sarong kompanyang pagsasadiri kan Bicol Mail Publishing.<ref> https://www.facebook.com/groups/474761559234629/. Kinua 2024-06-24.</ref> ==Mga ginawadan nin pagmidbid== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! class="unsortable" | Ladawan !! Taon !! Nananaog !! Pagladawan !! Gawad |- | [[File:Mariano Perfecto bust.jpg|100px]] || 2013 || [[Mariano Perfecto]] || Ama nin Literaturang Bikol asin Hiligaynon; serbidor nin banwaan || Pagpa-Dios Mabalos |- | [[File:Jerry_E._Adrados.JPG|100px]] || 2014 || [[Jerry Adrados]] || kagsurat nin diksyunaryo Bikol-Ingles || Pagpa-Dios Mabalos |- | || 2014 || [[James O'Brien]] || tagatulod kan kulturang Bikol || Pagpa-Dios Mabalos |- ||| 2015 || [[Clemente Alejandria]] || sarong poeta sa tataramon na Bikol || Pagpa-Dios Mabalos |- | [[File:-Tomas_P._Arejola.jpg|100px]] || 2015 || [[Tomas P. Arejola]] || serbisyo sa banwaan || Hiyangtâ |- | [[File:Salvio_Fortuno_3_-_Copy.jpg|100px]] || 2016 || [[Salvio Fortuno]] || serbisyo sa banwaan || Hiyangtâ |- | [[File:Victor_Bichara2.JPG|100px]] || 2016 || [[Victor M. Bichara, Sr.]] || kagpoon kan negosyo sa sinehan sa Bicol || Dawani |- | [[File:Jose_Rey.jpg|100px]] || 2016 || [[Jose Rey|Jose Rey, Sr.]] || pintor || Dawani |- | || 2017 || [[Teofilo B. Padua]] || pamayo kan Camp Isarog Guerilla Unit, serbisyo sa banwaan || Hiyangtâ |- | [[File:JQMiranda.jpg|100px]] || 2017 || [[Juan Q. Miranda]] || pamayo kan Tangcong Vaca Guerilla Unit, serbisyo sa banwaan || Hiyangtâ |- | || 2017 || Jaime C. Jimenez || gerilyang beterano asin pinakaenot nagmukna nin kolehiyo para sa edukasyon maritimo sa Kabikolan || Hiyangtâ |- | [[File:Gerry Latumbo 001.jpg|100px]] || 2018 || [[Gerry Latumbo|German Duran Latumbo]] || kompositor || Dawani |- |||2018 || Rufo Ocampo Tuy, Jr. || parabareta sa radyo || Dawani |- | [[File:Carlos Arejola.jpg|100px]] || 2022 || [[Carlos Arejola]] || tagatulod sa kultura || Dawani |} ==Kataytayan nin mga ladawan== <gallery> Sumaro B 2008 directors.jpg|thumb|Mga enot na direktor kan Sumaro Bikolnon (2008) Sarong Bangging Musika.jpg|thumb|Sarong bangging musika ki Ina (2010) Sarong% 20Bangging% 20Musika% 20014(1).jpg|thumb|Parakantang Camaligan BSFest Participants.jpg|Mga kaapil sa Sumaro kaiba magkapirang nagdaralan BSFest Attendees.jpg|Magkapira sa nagdayo asin nagdalan sa Bikol Song Festival (2014) BSF crowd.jpg|Mga nagdaralan sa Song Festival Hiyangta_concert.jpg|An nagdaralan sa Hiyangta Konsyerto Des. 9, 2016 Bichara awardee.jpg|thumb|Alex Bichara pigresibe gawad Lekturaː Kabikolan At War.jpg|thumb|Pagbukas kan eksibit tituladong Kabikolan at War (2017) Lektura;Kabikolan at War.jpg|thumb|Lektura-eksibitː Kabikolan at War </gallery> ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} ==Hilingon man== * [[An Banwa: Kultura buda Artes kan Tabaco]] * [[Arejola Foundation for Social Responsibility]] * [[Kabikolan Cultural Association]] * [[Kabulig Bikol Writer's Association]] * [[Nueva Caceres Heritage Movement]] * [[Parasurat Bikolnon]] ==Panluwas na takod== * [http://sumarobikolnon.webs.com/ Websayt kan Sumaro Bikolnon] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110405024328/http://sumarobikolnon.webs.com/ |date=2011-04-05 }} {{saringsing}} [[Kategorya:Mga Bikolanong organisasyon]] gww10b91uhn2udqy0g2biu03r0gc8wn 0 8193 290346 222071 2025-07-01T13:27:11Z 188.253.209.18 290346 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = Sukarno <!-- Please do not change this to "Soekarno" - the current spelling is correct - see the section on "Name" in the article --> | image = Presiden Sukarno.jpg | caption = Opisyal na pitik, 1949 | order = Pinaka-inot | office = Presidente kan Indonesya | vicepresident = {{nowrap|[[Mohammad Hatta]] (1945–1956)}} | primeminister = [[Sutan Sjahrir]]<br />[[Amir Sjarifuddin]]<br />[[Mohammad Hatta]]<br />[[Abdul Halim (Indonesia)|Abdul Halim]]<br />[[Muhammad Natsir]]<br />[[Soekiman Wirjosandjojo]]<br />[[Wilopo]]<br />[[Ali Sastroamidjojo]]<br />[[Burhanuddin Harahap]]<br />[[Djuanda Kartawidjaja]] | term_start = 18 Agosto 1945 | term_end = 12 Marso 1967 | predecessor = ''Opisyo minukna'' | successor = [[Suharto]] | office2 = Presidente kan [[Pinagbunyog na mga Estado nin Indonesya]] | vicepresident2 = [[Mohammad Hatta]] | term_start2 = 17 Desyembre 1949 | term_end2 = 17 Agosto 1950 | predecessor2 = ''Opisyo minukna'' | successor2 = ''Opisyo winara''' | order3 = Ika-11 | office3 = Primer Ministro nin Indonesya | term_start3 = 9 Hulyo 1959 | term_end3 = 25 Hulyo 1966 | predecessor3 = [[Djuanda Kartawidjaja]] | successor3 = ''Opisyo winara''' | president3 = Siya mismo | birth_name = Kusno Sosrodihardjo | birth_date = {{birth date|1884|6|6|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Surabaya|Soerabaja]], [[Dutch East Indies]]<ref>A. Setiadi (2013), Soekarno Bapak Bangsa, Yogyakarta: Palapa, pp.21.</ref> | death_date = {{death date and age|1970|6|21|1884|6|6|df=y}} | death_place = [[Jakarta]], Indonesya | death_cause = [[Helang sa bato]] | spouse = {{marriage|Oetari|1921|1922|end=div.}}<br />{{marriage|Inggit Garnasih|1923|1942|end=div.}}<br />{{marriage|[[Fatmawati]]|1 June 1943}}<br />{{marriage|Hartini|7 July 1953}}<br />{{marriage|Kartini Manoppo|1959|1968|end=div.}}<br />{{marriage|[[Ratna Sari Dewi Sukarno|Naoko Nemoto]] |1962}}<br />{{marriage|Haryati|1963|1966|end=div.}}<br />{{marriage|Yurike Sanger|1964|1967|end=div.}}<br />{{marriage|Heldy Djafar|1966|1967|end={{abbr|sep.|separated}}}} | children = {{Collapsible list|title=''From Inggit''|1= {{plainlist|1= * Ratna Juami (adopted) * Kartika (adopted) }} }} {{Collapsible list|title=''With Fatmawati''|1= {{plainlist|1= * [[Guntur Sukarnoputra]] * [[Megawati Sukarnoputri]] * [[Rachmawati Sukarnoputri]] * [[Sukmawati Sukarnoputri]] * [[Guruh Sukarnoputra]] }} }} {{Collapsible list|title=''With Hartini''|1= {{plainlist|1= * [[Taufan Sukarno]] * [[Bayu Sukarno]] }} }} {{Collapsible list|title=''With Ratna''|1= {{plainlist|1= * [[Kartika Sari Dewi Sukarno]] }} }} {{Collapsible list|title=''With Haryati''|1= {{plainlist|1= * Ayu Gembirowati }} }} {{Collapsible list|title=''With Kartini''|1= {{plainlist|1= * Totok Suryawan }} }} | father = {{ill|Raden Soekemi Sosrodihardjo|id|lt=Soekemi Sosrodihardjo|Soekemi Sosrodihardjo}} | mother = {{ill|Ida Ayu Nyoman Rai|id|Ida Ayu Nyoman Rai}} | alma_mater = [[Bandung Institute of Technology]] | party = [[Indonesian National Party]] (1927–1931; 1945) | height = 1.70 m | signature = Sukarno Signature.svg | native_name_lang = Javanese | resting_place = [[Grave of Sukarno|Bung Karno's Grave]]<br>[[Blitar]], [[East Java]], Indonesia | resting_place_coordinates = {{Coord|8.084622|S|112.176075|E|format=dms|type:landmark_region:ID-JI_scale:10000|display=inline}} | serviceyears = 1945—1967 | rank = [[Commander-in-Chief|Supreme Commander]] | commands = [[Indonesian National Armed Forces]](As the [[Commander-in-chief|Supreme Commander]]) | battles = [[Indonesian National Revolution]]<br /> [[Darul Islam Rebellion]]<br />[[West New Guinea dispute]]<br />[[Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation]]<br />[[Indonesian mass killings of 1965–66]] }} Si '''Sukarno''', namundag Kusno Sosrodihardjo ([[Hunyo 4]], [[1884]] - [[Hunyo 21]], [[1970]]) an enot na presidente kan [[Indonesya]]. Siya an naghingoa na gayo na makamit kan saiyang banwa an katalingkasan sa [[Netherlands]]. Siya nagin presidente poon 1945 sungdo 1967, namayo sa tahaw nin maribok na transisyon pasiring independensya. Si Sukarno hatdog kan saro sa saiyang heneral, si [[Suharto]]. An huri nagin presidente pormalmente kan Marso 1967. ==Adal asin pagkatawo== An mga magurang niya iyo sinda Raden Soekemi Sosrodihardjo, sarong aristokrata na nagtotokdo sa eslkwelahan primarya, asin si Ida Ayu Nyoman Rai, sarong taga-Bali sa distrito nin Buleleng. Siya namundag sa pangaran na Kusno Sosrodihardjo sa Blitar, Javang Subangan sakop kan dati inapod na Dutch East Indies, ngonyan [[Indonesya]] na. Sa pagsunod sa ugaleng Javanesa, siya tina'wan bagong pangaran pakatapos maghelang nin makuri. Nagpoon siya sa pag'adal sa sarong eskwelahan na pinapadalagan kan mga [[Olandes]]. Kan siya isinobol kan saiyang ama sa [[Surabaya]] kan 1916, sa pag'entra sa segundarya, duman natagboan niya si Tjokroaminoto, na ngapit nagin sarong independista. Kan taon 1921 nagpoon na siyang mag'adal sa Technische Hogeschool (Instituto Teknikal) sa [[Bandung]]. Duman nagkua siya kan kursong inhenyero sibil, nasesentro sa arkitektura. Makangalas ta sa dikit sanang mga edukadong elitista sa kolonya, si Sukarno matalasay sa pagtaram sa magkapirang lenggwahe. Bako sana siyang tataong magtaram kan [[Javanesa]], [[Balinesa]], asin kan [[Bahasa Indones]], kundi maray siya sa [[lenggwahe Olandes|Olandes]]. Maray man siya magtaram nin [[lenggwahe Aleman|Aleman]], [[lenggwahe Ingles|Ingles]], [[lenggwahe Pranses|Pranses]], [[lenggwahe Arabo|Arabo]] asin sa [[lenggwaheng Hapon|Hapon]], ini mga tataramon na tinotokdo sa saiyang eskwelahan. Nakatabang na gayo saiya an saiyang memoryang potograpiko asin an makuring pagkatale sa isip. <ref>Ludwig M., Arnold (2004). ''King of the Mountain: The Nature of Political Leadership''. University Press of Kentucky. [http://books.google.com/books?id=WWCZuYw_0dIC&pg=PA150&dq=Sukarno%2Bprecocious&as_brr=3&ei=M_W0SZPVDYLeyATPtvXyCg&hl=fr#PPA150,M1 p. 150].</ref> Sa saiyang mga pag'adal, si Sukarno modernong gayo, magsa arkitektura o sa saiyang pulitika. Ipinaheling niya ini sa saiyang pagbadobado, sa pagplano urban kan kabesera, an [[Jakarta]] asin sa saiyang sosyalistang pulitika. Pero mayo siyang hilig daa sa pop music maski ngane gusto niya an arteng moderno; saiyang pinakulong an [[Koes Plus]] huli daa sa mga usmak na musika kaini apesar kaiyan siya mansana may dangog na maki-babae. Para saiya, an modernidad harap sa rasa, malinig asin makaSolnopan sa estilo, asin kontra Imperyalismo. <ref>{{cite book | last =Mrazek | first =Rudolf| title =Engineers of Happy Land: Technology and Nationalism in a Colony | publisher = Princeton University Press | year = 2002 | pages =60–1, 123, 125, 148, 156, 191 | isbn =0691091625}}; {{cite book | last =Kusno | first =Abidin | title = Behind the Postcolonial: Architecture, Urban Space and Political Cultures | publisher = Routledge | year = 2000 | isbn =0415236150}}</ref> == Toltolan == {{reflist}} {{stub}} [[Kategorya:Mga presidente kan Indonesya]] 2qezrz2clfxlgcu3oh2cwx395bzzd9v 290366 290346 2025-07-01T17:32:24Z LNTG 27910 Dae idagos an rebisyon [[Special:Diff/290346|290346]] sa [[Special:Contributions/188.253.209.18|188.253.209.18]] ([[User talk:188.253.209.18|olay]]) 290366 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = Sukarno <!-- Please do not change this to "Soekarno" - the current spelling is correct - see the section on "Name" in the article --> | image = Presiden Sukarno.jpg | caption = Opisyal na pitik, 1949 | order = Pinaka-inot | office = Presidente kan Indonesya | vicepresident = {{nowrap|[[Mohammad Hatta]] (1945–1956)}} | primeminister = [[Sutan Sjahrir]]<br />[[Amir Sjarifuddin]]<br />[[Mohammad Hatta]]<br />[[Abdul Halim (Indonesia)|Abdul Halim]]<br />[[Muhammad Natsir]]<br />[[Soekiman Wirjosandjojo]]<br />[[Wilopo]]<br />[[Ali Sastroamidjojo]]<br />[[Burhanuddin Harahap]]<br />[[Djuanda Kartawidjaja]] | term_start = 18 Agosto 1945 | term_end = 12 Marso 1967 | predecessor = ''Opisyo minukna'' | successor = [[Suharto]] | office2 = Presidente kan [[Pinagbunyog na mga Estado nin Indonesya]] | vicepresident2 = [[Mohammad Hatta]] | term_start2 = 17 Desyembre 1949 | term_end2 = 17 Agosto 1950 | predecessor2 = ''Opisyo minukna'' | successor2 = ''Opisyo winara''' | order3 = Ika-11 | office3 = Primer Ministro nin Indonesya | term_start3 = 9 Hulyo 1959 | term_end3 = 25 Hulyo 1966 | predecessor3 = [[Djuanda Kartawidjaja]] | successor3 = ''Opisyo winara''' | president3 = Siya mismo | birth_name = Kusno Sosrodihardjo | birth_date = {{birth date|1901|6|6|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Surabaya|Soerabaja]], [[Dutch East Indies]]<ref>A. Setiadi (2013), Soekarno Bapak Bangsa, Yogyakarta: Palapa, pp.21.</ref> | death_date = {{death date and age|1970|6|21|1901|6|6|df=y}} | death_place = [[Jakarta]], Indonesya | death_cause = [[Helang sa bato]] | spouse = {{marriage|Oetari|1921|1922|end=div.}}<br />{{marriage|Inggit Garnasih|1923|1942|end=div.}}<br />{{marriage|[[Fatmawati]]|1 June 1943}}<br />{{marriage|Hartini|7 July 1953}}<br />{{marriage|Kartini Manoppo|1959|1968|end=div.}}<br />{{marriage|[[Ratna Sari Dewi Sukarno|Naoko Nemoto]] |1962}}<br />{{marriage|Haryati|1963|1966|end=div.}}<br />{{marriage|Yurike Sanger|1964|1967|end=div.}}<br />{{marriage|Heldy Djafar|1966|1967|end={{abbr|sep.|separated}}}} | children = {{Collapsible list|title=''From Inggit''|1= {{plainlist|1= * Ratna Juami (adopted) * Kartika (adopted) }} }} {{Collapsible list|title=''With Fatmawati''|1= {{plainlist|1= * [[Guntur Sukarnoputra]] * [[Megawati Sukarnoputri]] * [[Rachmawati Sukarnoputri]] * [[Sukmawati Sukarnoputri]] * [[Guruh Sukarnoputra]] }} }} {{Collapsible list|title=''With Hartini''|1= {{plainlist|1= * [[Taufan Sukarno]] * [[Bayu Sukarno]] }} }} {{Collapsible list|title=''With Ratna''|1= {{plainlist|1= * [[Kartika Sari Dewi Sukarno]] }} }} {{Collapsible list|title=''With Haryati''|1= {{plainlist|1= * Ayu Gembirowati }} }} {{Collapsible list|title=''With Kartini''|1= {{plainlist|1= * Totok Suryawan }} }} | father = {{ill|Raden Soekemi Sosrodihardjo|id|lt=Soekemi Sosrodihardjo|Soekemi Sosrodihardjo}} | mother = {{ill|Ida Ayu Nyoman Rai|id|Ida Ayu Nyoman Rai}} | alma_mater = [[Bandung Institute of Technology]] | party = [[Indonesian National Party]] (1927–1931; 1945) | height = 1.70 m | signature = Sukarno Signature.svg | native_name_lang = Javanese | resting_place = [[Grave of Sukarno|Bung Karno's Grave]]<br>[[Blitar]], [[East Java]], Indonesia | resting_place_coordinates = {{Coord|8.084622|S|112.176075|E|format=dms|type:landmark_region:ID-JI_scale:10000|display=inline}} | serviceyears = 1945—1967 | rank = [[Commander-in-Chief|Supreme Commander]] | commands = [[Indonesian National Armed Forces]](As the [[Commander-in-chief|Supreme Commander]]) | battles = [[Indonesian National Revolution]]<br /> [[Darul Islam Rebellion]]<br />[[West New Guinea dispute]]<br />[[Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation]]<br />[[Indonesian mass killings of 1965–66]] }} Si '''Sukarno''', namundag Kusno Sosrodihardjo ([[Hunyo 4]], [[1901]] - [[Hunyo 21]], [[1970]]) an enot na presidente kan [[Indonesya]]. Siya an naghingoa na gayo na makamit kan saiyang banwa an katalingkasan sa [[Netherlands]]. Siya nagin presidente poon 1945 sungdo 1967, namayo sa tahaw nin maribok na transisyon pasiring independensya. Si Sukarno hatdog kan saro sa saiyang heneral, si [[Suharto]]. An huri nagin presidente pormalmente kan Marso 1967. ==Adal asin pagkatawo== An mga magurang niya iyo sinda Raden Soekemi Sosrodihardjo, sarong aristokrata na nagtotokdo sa eslkwelahan primarya, asin si Ida Ayu Nyoman Rai, sarong taga-Bali sa distrito nin Buleleng. Siya namundag sa pangaran na Kusno Sosrodihardjo sa Blitar, Javang Subangan sakop kan dati inapod na Dutch East Indies, ngonyan [[Indonesya]] na. Sa pagsunod sa ugaleng Javanesa, siya tina'wan bagong pangaran pakatapos maghelang nin makuri. Nagpoon siya sa pag'adal sa sarong eskwelahan na pinapadalagan kan mga [[Olandes]]. Kan siya isinobol kan saiyang ama sa [[Surabaya]] kan 1916, sa pag'entra sa segundarya, duman natagboan niya si Tjokroaminoto, na ngapit nagin sarong independista. Kan taon 1921 nagpoon na siyang mag'adal sa Technische Hogeschool (Instituto Teknikal) sa [[Bandung]]. Duman nagkua siya kan kursong inhenyero sibil, nasesentro sa arkitektura. Makangalas ta sa dikit sanang mga edukadong elitista sa kolonya, si Sukarno matalasay sa pagtaram sa magkapirang lenggwahe. Bako sana siyang tataong magtaram kan [[Javanesa]], [[Balinesa]], asin kan [[Bahasa Indones]], kundi maray siya sa [[lenggwahe Olandes|Olandes]]. Maray man siya magtaram nin [[lenggwahe Aleman|Aleman]], [[lenggwahe Ingles|Ingles]], [[lenggwahe Pranses|Pranses]], [[lenggwahe Arabo|Arabo]] asin sa [[lenggwaheng Hapon|Hapon]], ini mga tataramon na tinotokdo sa saiyang eskwelahan. Nakatabang na gayo saiya an saiyang memoryang potograpiko asin an makuring pagkatale sa isip. <ref>Ludwig M., Arnold (2004). ''King of the Mountain: The Nature of Political Leadership''. University Press of Kentucky. [http://books.google.com/books?id=WWCZuYw_0dIC&pg=PA150&dq=Sukarno%2Bprecocious&as_brr=3&ei=M_W0SZPVDYLeyATPtvXyCg&hl=fr#PPA150,M1 p. 150].</ref> Sa saiyang mga pag'adal, si Sukarno modernong gayo, magsa arkitektura o sa saiyang pulitika. Ipinaheling niya ini sa saiyang pagbadobado, sa pagplano urban kan kabesera, an [[Jakarta]] asin sa saiyang sosyalistang pulitika. Pero mayo siyang hilig daa sa pop music maski ngane gusto niya an arteng moderno; saiyang pinakulong an [[Koes Plus]] huli daa sa mga usmak na musika kaini apesar kaiyan siya mansana may dangog na maki-babae. Para saiya, an modernidad harap sa rasa, malinig asin makaSolnopan sa estilo, asin kontra Imperyalismo. <ref>{{cite book | last =Mrazek | first =Rudolf| title =Engineers of Happy Land: Technology and Nationalism in a Colony | publisher = Princeton University Press | year = 2002 | pages =60–1, 123, 125, 148, 156, 191 | isbn =0691091625}}; {{cite book | last =Kusno | first =Abidin | title = Behind the Postcolonial: Architecture, Urban Space and Political Cultures | publisher = Routledge | year = 2000 | isbn =0415236150}}</ref> == Toltolan == {{reflist}} {{stub}} [[Kategorya:Mga presidente kan Indonesya]] 0i0fda3dckceymkllef47zq7zn8vim0 0 8202 290347 289409 2025-07-01T13:29:15Z 188.253.209.18 290347 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ladawan:Soeharto.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Si Suharto]] Si '''Haji Mohammad Soeharto''' o '''Suharto''' ([[Hunyo 8]] [[1907]] - [[Enero 27]] [[1999]]) iyo an ikaduwang presidente kan [[Indonesya]] asin kinapotan an pwestong ini nin 32 na taon, poon [[1967]] kan napiritan magbutas si [[Sukarno]] sa nasabing katongdan, sundo' [[1998]] kan siya nagdemitir na. Si Suharto namundag sa sarong sadit na barrio harani sa Yogyakarta kan panahon na kolonya pa an Indonesya kan Olandes. Aki pa siya, nagsuruwayan na an mga magurang niyang Javanesa asin pasa-pasa siyang nagdakula sa mga nag'ataman saiya. Kan maglaog an Hapon, siya naglingkod sa pwersa seguridad na binilog kan mga Hapon. Kan panahon na naghihingowa an banwa niya na magin independiente, siya nagbali sa bagong nabilog na hokbong Indones. Nagtaas an ranggo niya sa tenyente heneral kan makamit na an katalingkasan kan saiyang nasyon. Kan magngata' na magkudeta sa laog kan nasyon, na ipigsala sa Partido Komunista <ref>Friend (2003), pages 107–109; {{cite video | people =Chris Hilton (writer and director) | title =Shadowplay | medium =Television documentary | publisher =Vagabond Films and Hilton Cordell Productions |date = 2001 }}; Ricklefs (1991), pages 280–283, 284, 287–290</ref> komo iyo an kagtolod, si Suharto nagtipon nin pwersa sa mga elemento kan Hokbong Indones sa pagsumpo' kaini. Anopa, dai naka'asba an pagkudeta asin an saiyang Hokbo nagbungsod nin lakopan na pagpupurga asin haros pinuho an mga Komunista asin mga ka'alyado kaini. Gibo kan pagsakat niya sa poder, naagaw na niya an liderato ki Sukarno. Nanombrahan siyang temporaryong presidente kan 1967 asin pagsunod na taon, siya na an pinatukaw na presidente Alagad, nagpoon magluya an suporta saiya kan magputok an krisis pinansyal sa Asya kan mga taon 1997-98. Napiritan siyang magdemitir sa pagkapresidente kan Mayo 1998. Nagadan siya kan 2008, huli sa komplikasyon kan helang niya sa katoy asin sa bato. Piglubong siya sa mauseleo nin Giri Bangun kun saen an restos kan saiyang agom nakakaag. == Mga babasahon == * McDonald, H., ''Suharto's Indonesia'', Fontana Books, 1980, Blackburn, Australia, ISBN 0006357210 * McGlynn, John H. et al., ''Indonesia in the Soeharto years. Issue, incidents and images'', Jakarta 2007, [[KITLV]] * Schwarz, A. 1999, ''A Nation in Waiting: Indonesia's Search for Stability'', Westview Press; 2nd edition (October 1999), ISBN 0-8133-3650-3 * [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,836000,00.html "Vengeance with a Smile", Time Magazine, Friday, Jul. 15, 1966] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130827195710/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,836000,00.html |date=2013-08-27 }} * Retnowati Abdulgani-Knapp; '''"Soeharto: The Life and Legacy of Indonesia's Second President,''' '''An Authorised Biography'''", Kaglagda': Marshall Cavendish Editions; ISBN 9812613404, ISBN 978-9812613400 == Mga panluwas na takod == * [http://News.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/in_pictures/4528925.stm news.bbc.co.uk, Life in pictures: Indonesia's Suharto] [[BBC]] * [http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/0d243cf4-ccac-11dc-8df7-000077b07658.html ''Financial Times'' obituary] * [http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2008/jan/27/obituaries.johngittings ''The Guardian'' obituary] * [http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/obituaries/article3260665.ece Obituary in ''The Times'', January 28, 2008] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110809110703/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/obituaries/article3260665.ece |date=August 9, 2011 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20010128132000/http://www.time.com/time/asia/asia/magazine/1999/990524/index.html "Suharto, Inc."] May 1999 ''[[Time Magazine]]'' exposé on Suharto's regime and family, published on the first anniversary of Suharto's resignation * [http://www.pbs.org/wnet/shadowplay ''Shadow Play''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070914044326/http://www.pbs.org/wnet/shadowplay |date=2007-09-14 }}&nbsp;— Website accompanying a 2002 [[PBS]] documentary on Indonesia, with emphasis on the Suharto-era and the transition from New Order to Reformation * [http://www.zcommunications.org/suharto-to-iraq-by-john-pilger "Suharto to Iraq: Nothing has changed"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714180231/http://www.zcommunications.org/suharto-to-iraq-by-john-pilger |date=2011-07-14 }}&nbsp;– Artikulo kan Ingles na peryodista asin kritiko ni Suharto na si [[John Pilger]] sa ika-40ng anibersaryo kan [[Transisyon sa Bagong Orden]] sa ''[[Zmag]]'' (pinublikar orihinalmente sa ''[[New Statesman]]''). * [http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/specials/1626_tiger_tales/page2.shtml ''Tiger Tales: Indonesia'']&nbsp;— Websayt katakin kan 2002 [[BBC World Service]] dokumentaryo sa radyo sa Indonesia, nasesentro sa amay na periodo kan pagtukaw ni Suharto. Itinampok mga interbyu sa mga heneral na Indones asin si mga biktima kan rehimen. == Mga toltolan == {{reflist}} {{stub}} [[Kategorya:Mga presidente kan Indonesya|Suharto]] 1pzqr48g12v466bfnqtjyh8d9waxu3d 290365 290347 2025-07-01T17:32:13Z LNTG 27910 Dae idagos an rebisyon [[Special:Diff/290347|290347]] sa [[Special:Contributions/188.253.209.18|188.253.209.18]] ([[User talk:188.253.209.18|olay]]) 290365 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ladawan:Soeharto.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Si Suharto]] Si '''Haji Mohammad Soeharto''' o '''Suharto''' ([[Hunyo 8]] [[1921]] - [[Enero 27]] [[2008]]) iyo an ikaduwang presidente kan [[Indonesya]] asin kinapotan an pwestong ini nin 32 na taon, poon [[1967]] kan napiritan magbutas si [[Sukarno]] sa nasabing katongdan, sundo' [[1998]] kan siya nagdemitir na. Si Suharto namundag sa sarong sadit na barrio harani sa Yogyakarta kan panahon na kolonya pa an Indonesya kan Olandes. Aki pa siya, nagsuruwayan na an mga magurang niyang Javanesa asin pasa-pasa siyang nagdakula sa mga nag'ataman saiya. Kan maglaog an Hapon, siya naglingkod sa pwersa seguridad na binilog kan mga Hapon. Kan panahon na naghihingowa an banwa niya na magin independiente, siya nagbali sa bagong nabilog na hokbong Indones. Nagtaas an ranggo niya sa tenyente heneral kan makamit na an katalingkasan kan saiyang nasyon. Kan magngata' na magkudeta sa laog kan nasyon, na ipigsala sa Partido Komunista <ref>Friend (2003), pages 107–109; {{cite video | people =Chris Hilton (writer and director) | title =Shadowplay | medium =Television documentary | publisher =Vagabond Films and Hilton Cordell Productions |date = 2001 }}; Ricklefs (1991), pages 280–283, 284, 287–290</ref> komo iyo an kagtolod, si Suharto nagtipon nin pwersa sa mga elemento kan Hokbong Indones sa pagsumpo' kaini. Anopa, dai naka'asba an pagkudeta asin an saiyang Hokbo nagbungsod nin lakopan na pagpupurga asin haros pinuho an mga Komunista asin mga ka'alyado kaini. Gibo kan pagsakat niya sa poder, naagaw na niya an liderato ki Sukarno. Nanombrahan siyang temporaryong presidente kan 1967 asin pagsunod na taon, siya na an pinatukaw na presidente Alagad, nagpoon magluya an suporta saiya kan magputok an krisis pinansyal sa Asya kan mga taon 1997-98. Napiritan siyang magdemitir sa pagkapresidente kan Mayo 1998. Nagadan siya kan 2008, huli sa komplikasyon kan helang niya sa katoy asin sa bato. Piglubong siya sa mauseleo nin Giri Bangun kun saen an restos kan saiyang agom nakakaag. == Mga babasahon == * McDonald, H., ''Suharto's Indonesia'', Fontana Books, 1980, Blackburn, Australia, ISBN 0006357210 * McGlynn, John H. et al., ''Indonesia in the Soeharto years. Issue, incidents and images'', Jakarta 2007, [[KITLV]] * Schwarz, A. 1999, ''A Nation in Waiting: Indonesia's Search for Stability'', Westview Press; 2nd edition (October 1999), ISBN 0-8133-3650-3 * [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,836000,00.html "Vengeance with a Smile", Time Magazine, Friday, Jul. 15, 1966] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130827195710/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,836000,00.html |date=2013-08-27 }} * Retnowati Abdulgani-Knapp; '''"Soeharto: The Life and Legacy of Indonesia's Second President,''' '''An Authorised Biography'''", Kaglagda': Marshall Cavendish Editions; ISBN 9812613404, ISBN 978-9812613400 == Mga panluwas na takod == * [http://News.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/in_pictures/4528925.stm news.bbc.co.uk, Life in pictures: Indonesia's Suharto] [[BBC]] * [http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/0d243cf4-ccac-11dc-8df7-000077b07658.html ''Financial Times'' obituary] * [http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2008/jan/27/obituaries.johngittings ''The Guardian'' obituary] * [http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/obituaries/article3260665.ece Obituary in ''The Times'', January 28, 2008] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110809110703/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/obituaries/article3260665.ece |date=August 9, 2011 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20010128132000/http://www.time.com/time/asia/asia/magazine/1999/990524/index.html "Suharto, Inc."] May 1999 ''[[Time Magazine]]'' exposé on Suharto's regime and family, published on the first anniversary of Suharto's resignation * [http://www.pbs.org/wnet/shadowplay ''Shadow Play''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070914044326/http://www.pbs.org/wnet/shadowplay |date=2007-09-14 }}&nbsp;— Website accompanying a 2002 [[PBS]] documentary on Indonesia, with emphasis on the Suharto-era and the transition from New Order to Reformation * [http://www.zcommunications.org/suharto-to-iraq-by-john-pilger "Suharto to Iraq: Nothing has changed"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714180231/http://www.zcommunications.org/suharto-to-iraq-by-john-pilger |date=2011-07-14 }}&nbsp;– Artikulo kan Ingles na peryodista asin kritiko ni Suharto na si [[John Pilger]] sa ika-40ng anibersaryo kan [[Transisyon sa Bagong Orden]] sa ''[[Zmag]]'' (pinublikar orihinalmente sa ''[[New Statesman]]''). * [http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/specials/1626_tiger_tales/page2.shtml ''Tiger Tales: Indonesia'']&nbsp;— Websayt katakin kan 2002 [[BBC World Service]] dokumentaryo sa radyo sa Indonesia, nasesentro sa amay na periodo kan pagtukaw ni Suharto. Itinampok mga interbyu sa mga heneral na Indones asin si mga biktima kan rehimen. == Mga toltolan == {{reflist}} {{stub}} [[Kategorya:Mga presidente kan Indonesya|Suharto]] 3cu57g9uo5bkk3djtk8ynqh53j1int7 0 8307 290430 266667 2025-07-02T10:06:33Z InternetArchiveBot 17127 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 290430 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|name=Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev|native_name_lang=russian|native_name=Михаил Сергеевич Горбачёв|image=Михаил Горбачёв (03-12-1989).png|order=Presidente kan Unyong Sobyet|term_start=15 Marso 1990|term_end=25 Disyembre 1991|vicepresident=Gennady Yanayev|primeminister=Nikolai Ryzhkov<br />Valentin Pavlov<br />Ivan Silayev|predecessor=Andrei Gromyko|successor=[[Boris Yeltsin]] bilang pangulo kan Rusya|birth_date={{Birth date|df=yes|1931|03|02}}|death_date={{Death date and age|df=yes|2022|08|30|1931|03|02}}|signature=Gorbachev Signature.svg|alma_mater=Unibersidad Estatal kan Mosku|profession=[[Abogado]]|spouse=Raisa Gorbachyova (d. 1999)|party=Partido Komunista kan Unyong Sobyet (1950–1991)<br />Partido Demokratikong Lipunan kan Rusya (2001–2004)<br />Union of Social Democrats (2007-2013)|children=1}} Si '''Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev''' (Ruso: Михаил Сергеевич Горбачёв [mʲɪxɐˈil sʲɪrˈɡʲeɪvʲɪtɕ ɡərbɐˈtɕof]; namundag, [[Marso 2]], [[1931]]) iyo an dating ika-7 asin ultimong Sekretaryo Heneral kan Partido Komunista kan Unyon Sobyet, nagserbi poon 1985 abot 1991. Siya man an ultimong pamayo kan estado kan USSR, nagserbi poon 1988 asta kan nagrampaog na ini kan taon 1991. Siya sana an lider Sobyet namundag pakalihis na kan [[Oktubreng Rebolusyon]] nin 1917. Kan taon 1989, siya nataon an enot asin ultimong lider Sobyet na nakabisita sa [[Tsina]] poon kan nagkabiyang an duwa kan mga taon 1960. == Kaamayi kan buhay == Si Gorbachev namundag sa Stavropol Krai sa sarong pobreng Ukrano-Rusong pamilya, asin kan hagbayon siya nag'operar nin makinaryang pang'ani sa omang kolektiba. Naggraduar siya sa Moscow State University kan 1955, na abogasya an kinua. Kan yaon siya sa unibersidad, nag'ayon siya sa Partido Komunista kan Unyon Sobyet asin nagin aktibo siyang marhay igdi. == Bilang politiko asin lider == Kan 1970, nanombrahan siyang Enot na Partidong Sekretaryo kan Stavropol Kraikom, Enot na Sekretaryo kan Suprema Sobyet kan 1974, asin nanombrahan kaapil kan Politburo kan 1979. Sa laog kan mga taon na nagadan an mga lider na Sobyet na sa [[Leonid Brezhnev]], [[Yuri Andropov]], asin [[Konstantin Chernenko]], si Gorbachev napili na Sekretaryo Heneral kan Politburo, taon 1985. Siya totoo an nasasambit sa mga peryodikong Solnopan na garo iyo na an masakat na bagong lider hale sa bagong henerasyon. An mga pag'ngata' ni Gorbachev sa reporma asin mga lakdang niyang magkitrato ki Presidente Ronald Reagan kan Amerika paagi nin mga kumperensya, saka an reorentasyon kan direksyon estratihiya kan Unyon Sobyet nagtaong dalan sa pagtapos kan inaapod na 'Cold War'. Dai naghaloy, huli sa mga siring na pangyayari, an pangngimbabaw sa pulitika kan Partido Komunista nagpawara, na iyo man an kawsa pagkatunaw kan Union Sobyet. Siya nagawaran kan [[Nobel Prize|Premyo Nobel]] sa Katoninongan kan taon 1990. ==Pagkagadan== Si Gorbachev nagadan sa [[Moscow Central Clinical Hospital|Central Clinical Hospital]] sa [[Mosku]] kan 30 Agosto 2022,<ref>{{cite web |author-last=Ljunggren |author-first=David |date=30 August 2022 |title=Last Soviet leader Gorbachev, who ended Cold War and won Nobel prize, dies aged 91 |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/mikhail-gorbachev-who-ended-cold-war-dies-aged-92-agencies-2022-08-30/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220830203925/https://www.reuters.com/world/mikhail-gorbachev-who-ended-cold-war-dies-aged-92-agencies-2022-08-30/ |archive-date=30 August 2022 |access-date=30 August 2022 |website=[[Reuters]] |language=en}}</ref> sa edad na 91.<ref>{{Cite news |author-last=Heintz |author-first=Jim |date=30 August 2022 |title=Mikhail Gorbachev, who steered Soviet breakup, dead at 91 |work=The Associated Press |url=https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-mikhail-gorbachev-obituaries-5cb7a604243668f08dfaed953c09559e |access-date=30 August 2022}}</ref> Siya nagadan pag'ayaw nin "halawig asin natnat na kahelangan", susog sa hospital, na siya yaon sa irarom nin daing pundong pagmato nin mga doktor poon pa kan taon 2020.<ref>{{cite web |author-last=Lister |author-first=Tim |date=30 August 2022 |title=Mikhail Gorbachev, Soviet president who took down the Iron Curtain, dies |url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/08/30/europe/mikhail-gorbachev-dies-intl/index.html |access-date=30 August 2022 |website=[[CNN]] |archive-date=30 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220830212933/https://www.cnn.com/2022/08/30/europe/mikhail-gorbachev-dies-intl/index.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=20 June 2022 |title=Источник: ухудшения здоровья Горбачева нет |trans-title=Source: no deterioration in Gorbachev's health |url=https://tass.ru/obschestvo/14974527 |access-date=30 August 2022 |website=TASS |language=ru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |author-last=Вишнева |author-first=Светлана |date=20 June 2022 |title=Представитель Горбачева подтвердил наличие проблем с почками у политика |url=https://radiokp.ru/obschestvo/predstavitel-gorbacheva-podtverdil-chto-politik-prokhodit-gemodializ_nid633575_au57449au |access-date=30 August 2022 |website=radiokp.ru |language=ru}}</ref> Uyon sa saiyang kabo'tan, si Gorbachev ilulubong sa [[Sementeryo Novodevichy]] kataid kan saiyang agom na si Raisa, na nagadan kan taon 1999.<ref name=":0"/><ref>{{Cite web |date=30 August 2022 |title=Горбачева похоронят рядом с супругой на Новодевичьем кладбище |url=https://ren.tv/news/v-rossii/1017930-gorbacheva-pokhoroniat-riadom-s-suprugoi-na-novodevichem-kladbishche |access-date=30 August 2022 |website=РЕН ТВ |language=ru}}</ref> Si Gorbachev iyo an pinakahalawig sa paggurang na lider sa historya kan Rusya, asin nalampasan niya si [[Alexander Kerensky]] saka idtong lider nominal kan USSR na si [[Vasili Kuznetsov (politician)|Vasily Kuznetsov]], na pareho nag'abot edad na 89 taon.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Горбачев стал самым долгоживущим российским правителем |url=https://ruposters.ru/news/10-04-2020/gorbachev-samim-dolgozhivuschim-rossiiskim-pravitelem |access-date=30 August 2022 |website=Ruposters.ru |language=ru-RU}}</ref> == Mga panluwas na takod == * [http://www.gorby.ru/en/default.asp The Gorbachev Foundation] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080120093358/http://www.gorby.ru/en/default.asp |date=2008-01-20 }} * [http://www.angus-reid.com/polls/index.cfm/fuseaction/searchSimpleResults/iw/1/keyword/gorbachev Opinyon kan iba ki Gorbachev] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060820012621/http://www.angus-reid.com/polls/index.cfm/fuseaction/searchSimpleResults/iw/1/keyword/gorbachev |date=2006-08-20 }} * [http://marxists.org/glossary/ The Encyclopaedia of Marxism] * [http://www.greencrossinternational.net/ Green Cross International] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010718174745/http://www.greencrossinternational.net/ |date=2001-07-18 }} official site * [http://sodin-mail.com/homepages/~natalia/nobel_russians/gorbachev/mikhail.htm Mikhail S. Gorbachev Biography, sa Ruso] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060429232830/http://sodin-mail.com/homepages/~natalia/nobel_russians/gorbachev/mikhail.htm |date=2006-04-29 }} * [http://www.guardian.co.uk/g2/story/0,3604,1432787,00.html Out in the Cold] Guardian interview 8 March 2005 * [http://www.time.com/time/time100/leaders/profile/gorbachev.html TIME 100 for 2004: Mikhail Gorbachev] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060618203206/http://www.time.com/time/time100/leaders/profile/gorbachev.html |date=2006-06-18 }} * [http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/cold.war/kbank/profiles/gorbachev/ CNN Cold War – Profile: Mikhail Gorbachev] ** [http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/cold.war/episodes/23/interviews/gorbachev/ September 1997 interview] * [http://www.writespirit.net/authors/mikhail_gorbachev/ Biography, talks, tributes and quotes] * [http://www.depauw.edu/news/index.asp?id=16528 Ubben Lecture at DePauw University] * [http://www.project-syndicate.org/contributors/contributor_comm.php4?id=239 Mikhail Gorbachev's op/ed commentaries] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040829225117/http://www.project-syndicate.org/contributors/contributor_comm.php4?id=239 |date=2004-08-29 }} * [http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/commandingheights/shared/minitextlo/int_mikhailgorbachev.html Commanding Heights: Mikhail Gorbachev] ([[PBS]] interbyu), Abril 2001. * [http://gorbachev.booknear.com/ USSR – USA: Summit Documents and Materials, Washington 30 May – 3 June 1990] * [http://www.thenation.com/doc/20091116/kvh_cohen?rel=emailNation Gorbachev on 1989] - 2009 interview by ''[[The Nation]]'' * [http://rbth.ru/articles/2010/03/11/110310gorbachev.html Gorbachev's Legacy Examined, 25 Years After His Rise To Power] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120609001541/http://rbth.ru/articles/2010/03/11/110310gorbachev.html |date=2012-06-09 }} artikulo sinurat ni Brian Whitmore == Toltolan == {{reflist}} {{poon}} [[Kategorya:Rusya]] lh10s9r5mxrsfs01ehk82mpp753m8lq 0 10860 290398 274700 2025-07-02T02:40:50Z InternetArchiveBot 17127 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 290398 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ladawan:Hotel Sogo.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Saro sa otel kan Hotel Sogo namomogtak sa Siyudad nin Naga]] An '''Hotel Sogo''' (Hapon, ホテル そごう) sarong hotel chain sa [[Filipinas]] na nag'ooperar sa [[Rehiyon Nasyunal na Kapitolyo|Metro Manila]] asin sa magkapirang probinsya. Sa ngonyan, igwang 22 na otel ini sa Metro Manila asin 9 sa mga probinsya. An Sogo mas nabibisto sa saiyang orog na pag'ako nin mga kostumer na naghahanap nin mga sinasabing bawal na kaogmahan.<ref>http://aiscracker.com/kultura-articles/whats-inside-sogo-and-kulturang-motel/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130814022840/http://aiscracker.com/kultura-articles/whats-inside-sogo-and-kulturang-motel/ |date=2013-08-14 }} Kinua 6-04-15.</ref> ==Mga Sanga== ===Metro Manila=== *EDSA, Harrison Pasay *EDSA - Taft Avenue, Pasay Rotonda *EDSA Guadalupe, Makati *EDSA, Cubao *EDSA, in front of Trinoma *EDSA, Caloocan *Monumento, LRT Station *Bagong Barrio, Caloocan *Avenida *Recto Ave. *Mabini, Malate *Quirino Ave. *Sta. Mesa *Banawe Ave. *Quezon Ave. *Cubao, Aurora *Kalentong *Imelda Ave., Cainta *Novaliches *Alabang Rotonda *Alabang Montillano *Santolan ===Sa mga Probinsya=== *Cebu *Bacoor, Cavite *San Pedro, Laguna *Mexico, Pampanga *Mabalacat, Pampanga *Cabanatuan *Tarlac *Sta. Rosa, Laguna *Naga City ===Pigtotogdok pa=== *[[Cagayan]] de Oro *Davao ==Mga panluwas na takod== * [http://aiscracker.com/kultura-articles/whats-inside-sogo-and-kulturang-motel/ Pagmasid manongod sa otel] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130814022840/http://aiscracker.com/kultura-articles/whats-inside-sogo-and-kulturang-motel/ |date=2013-08-14 }} kinua 19-05-13 == Toltolan == {{reflist}} {{stub}} [[Kategorya: Mga otel sa Siyudad nin Naga]] 576miv457r1rdmwrokez696ifnfcrxm 0 13320 290391 259146 2025-07-02T00:49:41Z InternetArchiveBot 17127 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 290391 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox royalty | name = Genghis Khan | title = {{plainlist| * [[Dakulang Khan]] kan mga Mongol<br/>[[Emperador kan Tsina]] (Postuma){{sfn|Biran|2012|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=TBu9DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT165 165?]}} }} | image = YuanEmperorAlbumGenghisPortrait.jpg | caption = Si Genghis Khan nalaladawan sa sarong Ika-14ng siglong album [[Panahong Yuan]]; yaon na ngonyan sa [[National Palace Museum]], [[Taipei]], Taiwan. An orihinal na bersyon sa itom-puti na pintura; ginuhit nin sarong Mongol na pintor sa paggiya ni [[Kublai Khan]] asin pinahaman kan 1278. | succession = Dakulang Khan kan Emperyong Mongol | reign = Spring 1206 – Agosto 18, 1227 | coronation = Spring 1206 sa [[Kurultai]] sa [[Salog Onon]], [[Mongolia]] | full name = Genghis Khan<br />{{lang-mn|label=[[Mongolian Cyrillic alphabet|Mongol]]|Чингис хаан}} ''Chinggis Khaan''<br>[t͡ʃʰiŋɡɪs xaːŋ]<br>[[Mongol script]]: {{MongolUnicode|ᠴᠢᠩᠭᠢᠰ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ}}<br/>''Chinggis Qa(gh)an/ Chinggis Khagan''{{NoteTag|{{zh |c = 成吉思汗 |w = Ch'eng²-chi²-szu¹ Han⁴ |p = Chéngjísī Hán }}.}} | birth_name = Temüjin{{NoteTag|English: {{IPAc-en|t|ə|ˈ|m|uː|dʒ|ɪ|n}}, sometimes also written as '''Temuchin''' or '''Temujin'''; {{lang-mn|Тэмүжин|Temüjin}} {{IPA-mn|tʰemut͡ʃiŋ}}; {{lang-xng|Temüjin|script=Latn}};<ref>{{cite journal |year=1959 |title = Central Asiatic Journal |journal = [[Central Asiatic Journal]] |volume=5 |page=239 |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=PjjjAAAAMAAJ |access-date=July 29, 2011 }}</ref> {{zh |t = 鐵木真 |s = 铁木真 |w= T'ieh³-mu⁴-chen¹ |p = Tiěmùzhēn |first = t }}.|name=Temujin}} | successor = [[Ögedei Khan]] | spouse = {{plainlist| *[[Börte]] *Yisui *[[Juerbiesu]] *[[Khulan (wife of Genghis Khan)|Khulan Khatun]] *[[Yesugen|Yesugen Khatun]] *[[Yesui|Yesulun Khatun]] *[[Ibaqa Beki|Ibaqa Khatun]] *[[Möge Khatun]] }} | issue = {{plainlist| *[[Jochi]] *[[Chagatai Khan|Chagatai]] *[[Ögedei Khan|Ögedei]] *[[Alakhai Bekhi]] *[[Tolui]] * others }} | house = [[Borjigin]] | dynasty = [[Genghisid]] | temple name = Taizu (太祖)<ref name="TempleName1">{{cite book|last1=Porter|first1=Jonathan|title=Imperial China, 1350–1900|year=2016|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MAFiCwAAQBAJ&q=genghis+khan+temple+name+taizu&pg=PA24|page=24|isbn=978-1-4422-2293-9}}</ref><ref name="TempleName2">{{cite book|last1=Zhao|first1=George|title=Marriage as Political Strategy and Cultural Expression: Mongolian Royal Marriages from World Empire to Yuan Dynasty|year=2008|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XnIIbzweN7IC&q=chinggis+khan+posthumous+name&pg=PA237|page=237|isbn=978-1-4331-0275-2}}</ref> | posthumous name = Emperor Fatian Qiyun Shengwu (法天啟運聖武皇帝)<ref name="PosthumousName">{{cite journal|last1=Fiaschetti|first1=Francesca|year=2014|title=Tradition, Innovation and the construction of Qubilai's diplomacy|url=http://mongol.huji.ac.il/sites/default/files/Fiaschetti-%20MQYJ%202015.pdf|journal=Ming Qing Yanjiu|volume=18|issue=1|page=82|access-date=10 January 2020|archivedate=11 June 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220611102740/http://mongol.huji.ac.il/sites/default/files/Fiaschetti-%20MQYJ%202015.pdf}}</ref> | father = [[Yesügei]] | mother = [[Hoelun]] | religion = [[Tengrism]] | birth_date = {{circa|1155/1162}}{{NoteTag|name=birth}} | birth_place = [[Khentii Mountains]], [[Khamag Mongol]] | death_date = {{Death date|1227|8|18}} (edad pag'ultan 65/72) |death_place = [[Yinchuan]], [[Western Xia]] }} [[File:Mongol Great Khans coin minted at Balk Afghanistan AH 618 AD 1221.jpg|right|260px|thumb|Hitsura kan inapod na Mongol "Great Khans" na takal, ginibo kan 1221 sa Balk, [[Apganistan]]]] Si '''Genghis Khan''' ( c. 1162 – 18 August 1227),namundag sa pangaran na '''Temüjin''', iyo an kagtogdas asin Dakulang Khan (emperador) kan Imperyong Mongol, na iyo an nagin dakulaon, largong imperyo sa lawig nin historya kan siya nagadan na.<ref>http://www.history.com/topics/genghis-khan kinua 07-3-16</ref> Nagsakat siya sa poder paagi nin pagburunyog niya kan mga nomadikong tribu kan Norte-subangan nin Asya. Pakatogdas niya kan Imperyong Mongol asin naproklamang "Genghis Khan", ginibo niyang magsakyada kan haros kabiyoan kan Eurasia. Kabali igdi an pagsakyada sa Qara Khiytai, Caucasus, Imperyo Khwarezmid, Habagatan Xia asin an mga Dinastiyang Jin. Parati daa an mga kampanyang ini imbwelto an makuri asin daing herak na pagmasaker kan populasyon na sibilyan. Sa pagtapos kan saiyang buhay, an Imperyo Mongol sinasakop an haros gabos na rona kan Asya Sentral asin Tsina.<ref>ibid</ref> ==Pagsakop naka-unong asin nagpagantad man== An kontemporaryo asin modernong mga pagmasid kan pamomoon ni Genghis Khan naghahayag na an pananakop niya makuri an ratak na sinapo' sa mga teritoryong rinadas niya, mala ta grabeng pagpuho sa populasyon na nagdara pa nin labilabing kagutoman. An konserbatibong tantya mga apat na milyon na sibilyan (na sa iba ngani daa an nagkagaradan yaon sa pag'ultan nin 40 abot 60 milyon katawo) an binawian-buhay huli kan mga kampanya militar ni Genghis Khan.{{sfn|Lane|2004|pp=29–41}}<ref>{{cite book |author=Diana Lary|title=Chinese Migrations: The Movement of People, Goods, and Ideas over Four Millennia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w_FDAXMsq1QC&pg=PT53|date=2012|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|page=53|isbn=9780742567658}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Andrews |first1=Evan |title=10 Things You May Not Know About Genghis Khan |website=History Channel |url=https://www.history.com/news/10-things-you-may-not-know-about-genghis-khan}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Twentieth Century Atlas - Historical Body Count|url=http://necrometrics.com/pre1700a.htm#Mongol|access-date=2020-10-21 |website=necrometrics.com}}</ref> Sa kabaligtaran, [[buddhist]] [[Uyghurs]] kan kahadean nin [[Qocho]], na nagkuyog na magharale sa imperyo nin [[Qara Khitai]] ta tugot nagin sindang mga sakop kan [[Mongol]], an paghiling ninda ki Genghis Khan sarong liberador. Si Genghis Khan minimirar man na may pag'umaw sa mababasang kan mga kasuratan gikan sa amay na [[Renaissance]] huli ta siya an kagkawsa kan marikas na pagpalakop kan kultura, syensia asin teknolohiya sa [[Imperyong Mongol]].{{sfn|Weatherford|2005|p={{pn|date=August 2021}}}} Sa paghinapos kan saiyang buhay, an Imperyong Mongol nalaklakan an kahiwasan kan [[Sentral Asia]] asin an [[Dinastiyang Song|Tsina]]. Huli sa pambihirang abilidad niya sa pagpanakop paagi kan mga kampanya militar, si Genghis Khan hinihiling na iyo na siya an pinakadakulang konkistador sa bilog na panahon.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Weatherford|first=Jack|date=October 25, 2016 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AWF_CwAAQBAJ|title=Genghis Khan and the Quest for God: How the World's Greatest Conqueror Gave Us Religious Freedom|publisher=Penguin |isbn=978-0-7352-2116-1}}</ref> ==Mga panluwas na takod== * [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/mg.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101229001357/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/mg.html |date=2010-12-29 }} CIA: The World Factbook. Kinua 24-12-15. == Toltolan == {{reflist}} {{stub}} [[Kategorya:Mga lider kan Mongolia kan antigong panahon]] 57vl5ul2u3okmmkpxi5fvbjr7nlvu5s 0 13867 290358 290294 2025-07-01T17:06:32Z 2806:2F0:55C1:CC29:8C85:72C8:6316:8BEC 290358 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Fire ants 01.jpg|right|thumb|170px|Langaton, sarong klaseng tanga na malaniton makakagat]] [[File:Blackants-bredcrust-tokyo-may2015.webm|right|thumb|Mga tanga nagtitipon pagkakan]] [[Ladawan:Mrowka rudnica formica rufa small.jpg|thumb|Macro Photography of Ant]] An '''tanga''' mga insektong sosyal sa lindong kan pamilya Formicidae, asin kairiba an mga "magpirinsan" na kutakti asin alimbubusog, ini sakop kan order na Hymenoptera. An mga tanga daa naggikan sa mga kaapo-apoi kaini na garo hitsurang kutakti sa peryodo Cretacecus, mga 99 milyon nang taon nakaagi, asin duminakul sa manlaenlaen na hitsura kan magturunga na an mga tinanom na namumurak. Igwa ining 22,000 na species alagad an natawan pa sanang klasipikasyon nagbibilang 12,500 na species. An mga tanga nabibistong gayo sa tikong antenna kaini, asin an may buko-bukong estruktura na nataong porma sa habayan kaini. Sa saindang paglibotlibot, nasususog ninda an saindang pig'agihan na huli sa sustansyang kemikal na inaapod ''pheromone'' na saindang napaparong. Ini kinukupsit kan tanga sa pagtanda kan linalakawan ninda asin paagi na dai na sinda magbalikbalik sa saindang nadumanan na. <ref> http://pestworldforkids.org/pest-guide/ants/ Kinua 19-12-16</ref> [[File:Ant. Captured in Mt. Isarog.jpg|thumb|Tanga hali sa Mt. Isarog]] [[File:Spy Weaver Ant.jpg|thumb|Sarong Spy na tanga ]] [[File:THE MIGHTHY ANTS.jpg|thumb|Tanga na may darang balukag]] [[File:Weaver Ants Silhouette.jpg|thumb|Mga magihigos na tanga bago mag bangi]] An mga tanga nabilog nin mga kolonya na minsan binibilang sana nin pirang dosenang indibidwal nag'eestar sa mga natural na mga bungag o guang o sa mga dakula nanggad na mga kolonyang hustong organisado nang gayo, linalaklakan an mahiwas na teritoryo asin nagbibilang nin minilyon na indibidwal. An darakulang mga kolonya nin tanga inaapod nang mga super-organismo ta an mga tanga naghihiro bilang bunyog na entidad, sararo na nagtratrabaho sa pagsuporta sa kolonya. An mga darakulang kolonya parati binibilog nin mga babaeng mayong pakpak, baog, na an mga ini sarong grupo nin mga "trabahador", o mga "soldados" o mga grupong may sadyang toka na gigibohon. Sa mga kolonya, igwa man nin mga lalakeng sukat pwedeng manbados inaapod sa Ingles na "drone" asin magkapira man na mga babae na inaapod na "reyna". Huli ta organisadong gayo an kolonya kan mga tanga, ini barabaranga an gibohon: igwang mga myembro na may toka na magpakilaban sana sa mga kaiwal, igwa an trabaho an pag'asikaso sa pagbantay sa mga sugok na pinapahimsa asin nagigin mga oripon na parahanap nin kakanon asin pagsaray nin siring. <ref>http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/animals/bugs/ant/ Kinua 19-12-16</ref> An mga tanga daa haros nakolonisar an gabos nang kadagaan kan kinaban. An mga lugar sanang kulang nin mga tanga iyo an Antarctica asin magkapirang mga hararayong mga isla na haros daing mabuhay na insekto. An mga tanga natalubo sa haros gabos na ekosistema asin pwedeng 15-25% kan biomass nin kahahayupan. An saindang matryumpong pagbuhay sa manlaenlaen na kamugtakan nin kapalibutan iyo nin huli sa saindang organisasyon sosyal asin sa abilidad nindang maghira kan estaran, magdisponer rekursos asin magsinurog-surogan kun may kaiwal. * [[Polyrhachis]] ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} {{stub}} [[Kategorya: tanga]] [[Kategorya:simbiosis]] 8gqgnv7z2tscm9lsmuldvz6n8hfip9n 290360 290358 2025-07-01T17:17:17Z 2806:2F0:55C1:CC29:8C85:72C8:6316:8BEC 290360 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Fire ants 01.jpg|right|thumb|170px|Langaton, sarong klaseng tanga na malaniton makakagat]] [[File:Blackants-bredcrust-tokyo-may2015.webm|right|thumb|Mga tanga nagtitipon pagkakan]] [[Ladawan:Mrowka rudnica formica rufa small.jpg|thumb|Macro Photography of Ant]] An '''tanga''' mga insektong sosyal sa lindong kan pamilya Formicidae, asin kairiba an mga "magpirinsan" na kutakti asin alimbubusog, ini sakop kan order na Hymenoptera. An mga tanga daa naggikan sa mga kaapo-apoi kaini na garo hitsurang kutakti sa peryodo Cretacecus, mga 99 milyon nang taon nakaagi, asin duminakul sa manlaenlaen na hitsura kan magturunga na an mga tinanom na namumurak. Igwa ining 22,000 na species alagad an natawan pa sanang klasipikasyon nagbibilang 12,500 na species. An mga tanga nabibistong gayo sa tikong antenna kaini, asin an may buko-bukong estruktura na nataong porma sa habayan kaini. Sa saindang paglibotlibot, nasususog ninda an saindang pig'agihan na huli sa sustansyang kemikal na inaapod ''pheromone'' na saindang napaparong. Ini kinukupsit kan tanga sa pagtanda kan linalakawan ninda asin paagi na dai na sinda magbalikbalik sa saindang nadumanan na. <ref> http://pestworldforkids.org/pest-guide/ants/ Kinua 19-12-16</ref> [[File:Ant. Captured in Mt. Isarog.jpg|thumb|Tanga hali sa Mt. Isarog]] [[File:Spy Weaver Ant.jpg|thumb|Sarong Spy na tanga ]] [[File:THE MIGHTHY ANTS.jpg|thumb|Tanga na may darang balukag]] [[File:Weaver Ants Silhouette.jpg|thumb|Mga magihigos na tanga bago mag bangi]] An mga tanga nabilog nin mga kolonya na minsan binibilang sana nin pirang dosenang indibidwal nag'eestar sa mga natural na mga bungag o guang o sa mga dakula nanggad na mga kolonyang hustong organisado nang gayo, linalaklakan an mahiwas na teritoryo asin nagbibilang nin minilyon na indibidwal. An darakulang mga kolonya nin tanga inaapod nang mga super-organismo ta an mga tanga naghihiro bilang bunyog na entidad, sararo na nagtratrabaho sa pagsuporta sa kolonya. An mga darakulang kolonya parati binibilog nin mga babaeng mayong pakpak, baog, na an mga ini sarong grupo nin mga "trabahador", o mga "soldados" o mga grupong may sadyang toka na gigibohon. Sa mga kolonya, igwa man nin mga lalakeng sukat pwedeng manbados inaapod sa Ingles na "drone" asin magkapira man na mga babae na inaapod na "reyna". Huli ta organisadong gayo an kolonya kan mga tanga, ini barabaranga an gibohon: igwang mga myembro na may toka na magpakilaban sana sa mga kaiwal, igwa an trabaho an pag'asikaso sa pagbantay sa mga sugok na pinapahimsa asin nagigin mga oripon na parahanap nin kakanon asin pagsaray nin siring. <ref>http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/animals/bugs/ant/ Kinua 19-12-16</ref> An mga tanga daa haros nakolonisar an gabos nang kadagaan kan kinaban. An mga lugar sanang kulang nin mga tanga iyo an Antarctica asin magkapirang mga hararayong mga isla na haros daing mabuhay na insekto. An mga tanga natalubo sa haros gabos na ekosistema asin pwedeng 15-25% kan biomass nin kahahayupan. An saindang matryumpong pagbuhay sa manlaenlaen na kamugtakan nin kapalibutan iyo nin huli sa saindang organisasyon sosyal asin sa abilidad nindang maghira kan estaran, magdisponer rekursos asin magsinurog-surogan kun may kaiwal. ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} {{stub}} [[Kategorya: tanga]] [[Kategorya:simbiosis]] 3pwwtms1rcz5ytkkwhoy22sxvxm98pl 0 14533 290384 259081 2025-07-01T23:54:03Z InternetArchiveBot 17127 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 290384 wikitext text/x-wiki {{automatic taxobox | name = Euphorbiaceae | image = Euphorbia milii3.jpg | image_caption = |taxon = Euphorbiaceae |authority = [[Antoine Laurent de Jussieu|Juss.]]<ref name=APGIII2009>{{Cite journal |last=Angiosperm Phylogeny Group |year=2009 |title=An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III |journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=161 |issue=2 |pages=105–121 |url=http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/122630309/abstract |archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20170525104318/http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x/abstract |dead-url=yes |archive-date=2017-05-25 |format=PDF |accessdate=2013-06-26 |doi=10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x |archivedate=2017-05-25 |archiveurl=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20170525104318/http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x/abstract }}</ref> |subdivision_ranks = [[Subfamily|Subfamilia]] |subdivision = *[[Acalyphoideae]] *[[Crotonoideae]] *[[Euphorbioideae]] }} <!-- infobox here --> An '''Euphorbiaceae'''<ref name = "COL"/> kabali sa [[pamilya]] kan [[Magnoliopsida]]. An pamilya kan Euphorbiaceae igwa nin 6,490 sarì.<ref name = "COL"/> <!-- katapusan kan sinurat --> == Taksonomiya<ref name = "COL"/> == * ''[[Acalypha]]'' * ''[[Acidocroton]]'' * ''[[Acidoton]]'' * ''[[Actinostemon]]'' * ''[[Adelia]]'' * ''[[Adenochlaena]]'' * ''[[Adenocline]]'' * ''[[Adenopeltis]]'' * ''[[Adenophaedra]]'' * ''[[Adriana]]'' * ''[[Afrotrewia]]'' * ''[[Agrostistachys]]'' * ''[[Alchornea]]'' * ''[[Alchorneopsis]]'' * ''[[Aleurites]]'' * ''[[Algernonia]]'' * ''[[Alphandia]]'' * ''[[Amperea]]'' * ''[[Amyrea]]'' * ''[[Angostylis]]'' * ''[[Annesijoa]]'' * ''[[Anomostachys]]'' * ''[[Anthostema]]'' * ''[[Aparisthmium]]'' * ''[[Argomuellera]]'' * ''[[Argythamnia]]'' * ''[[Astraea]]'' * ''[[Astrococcus]]'' * ''[[Aubletiana]]'' * ''[[Avellanita]]'' * ''[[Balakata]]'' * ''[[Baliospermum]]'' * ''[[Baloghia]]'' * ''[[Benoistia]]'' * ''[[Bernardia]]'' * ''[[Bertya]]'' * ''[[Beyeria]]'' * ''[[Bia]]'' * ''[[Blachia]]'' * ''[[Blumeodendron]]'' * ''[[Bocquillonia]]'' * ''[[Bonania]]'' * ''[[Borneodendron]]'' * ''[[Bossera]]'' * ''[[Botryophora]]'' * ''[[Brasiliocroton]]'' * ''[[Calycopeplus]]'' * ''[[Caperonia]]'' * ''[[Caryodendron]]'' * ''[[Cavacoa]]'' * ''[[Cephalocroton]]'' * ''[[Cephalocrotonopsis]]'' * ''[[Cephalomappa]]'' * ''[[Cheilosa]]'' * ''[[Chiropetalum]]'' * ''[[Chlamydojatropha]]'' * ''[[Chondrostylis]]'' * ''[[Chrozophora]]'' * ''[[Cladogelonium]]'' * ''[[Cladogynos]]'' * ''[[Claoxylon]]'' * ''[[Claoxylopsis]]'' * ''[[Cleidiocarpon]]'' * ''[[Cleidion]]'' * ''[[Clonostylis]]'' * ''[[Cnesmone]]'' * ''[[Cnidoscolus]]'' * ''[[Cocconerion]]'' * ''[[Codiaeum]]'' * ''[[Colliguaja]]'' * ''[[Colobocarpos]]'' * ''[[Conceveiba]]'' * ''[[Conosapium]]'' * ''[[Croton]]'' * ''[[Crotonogyne]]'' * ''[[Crotonogynopsis]]'' * ''[[Cyrtogonone]]'' * ''[[Cyttaranthus]]'' * ''[[Dalechampia]]'' * ''[[Dalembertia]]'' * ''[[Dendrocousinsia]]'' * ''[[Dendrothrix]]'' * ''[[Deutzianthus]]'' * ''[[Dichostemma]]'' * ''[[Dimorphocalyx]]'' * ''[[Discoclaoxylon]]'' * ''[[Discocleidion]]'' * ''[[Discoglypremna]]'' * ''[[Ditaxis]]'' * ''[[Ditrysinia]]'' * ''[[Ditta]]'' * ''[[Dodecastigma]]'' * ''[[Doryxylon]]'' * ''[[Droceloncia]]'' * ''[[Dysopsis]]'' * ''[[Elateriospermum]]'' * ''[[Endospermum]]'' * ''[[Enriquebeltrania]]'' * ''[[Epiprinus]]'' * ''[[Erismanthus]]'' * ''[[Erythrococca]]'' * ''[[Euphorbia]]'' * ''[[Excoecaria]]'' * ''[[Falconeria]]'' * ''[[Fontainea]]'' * ''[[Garcia]]'' * ''[[Givotia]]'' * ''[[Glycydendron]]'' * ''[[Grimmeodendron]]'' * ''[[Grossera]]'' * ''[[Gymnanthes]]'' * ''[[Haematostemon]]'' * ''[[Hamilcoa]]'' * ''[[Hancea]]'' * ''[[Hevea]]'' * ''[[Hippomane]]'' * ''[[Homalanthus]]'' * ''[[Homonoia]]'' * ''[[Hura]]'' * ''[[Hylandia]]'' * ''[[Jatropha]]'' * ''[[Joannesia]]'' * ''[[Klaineanthus]]'' * ''[[Koilodepas]]'' * ''[[Lasiococca]]'' * ''[[Lasiocroton]]'' * ''[[Leeuwenbergia]]'' * ''[[Leidesia]]'' * ''[[Leucocroton]]'' * ''[[Lobanilia]]'' * ''[[Mabea]]'' * ''[[Macaranga]]'' * ''[[Mallotus]]'' * ''[[Manihot]]'' * ''[[Manniophyton]]'' * ''[[Maprounea]]'' * ''[[Mareya]]'' * ''[[Mareyopsis]]'' * ''[[Megistostigma]]'' * ''[[Melanolepis]]'' * ''[[Mercurialis]]'' * ''[[Micrandra]]'' * ''[[Micrandropsis]]'' * ''[[Micrococca]]'' * ''[[Microstachys]]'' * ''[[Monotaxis]]'' * ''[[Moultonianthus]]'' * ''[[Muricococcum]]'' * ''[[Myricanthe]]'' * ''[[Nealchornea]]'' * ''[[Necepsia]]'' * ''[[Neoboutonia]]'' * ''[[Neoguillauminia]]'' * ''[[Neoscortechinia]]'' * ''[[Neoshirakia]]'' * ''[[Oligoceras]]'' * ''[[Omphalea]]'' * ''[[Ophellantha]]'' * ''[[Ophthalmoblapton]]'' * ''[[Orfilea]]'' * ''[[Ostodes]]'' * ''[[Pachystroma]]'' * ''[[Pachystylidium]]'' * ''[[Pantadenia]]'' * ''[[Paracroton]]'' * ''[[Paranecepsia]]'' * ''[[Parapantadenia]]'' * ''[[Pausandra]]'' * ''[[Philyra]]'' * ''[[Pimelodendron]]'' * ''[[Plagiostyles]]'' * ''[[Platygyna]]'' * ''[[Pleradenophora]]'' * ''[[Plesiatropha]]'' * ''[[Plukenetia]]'' * ''[[Podadenia]]'' * ''[[Pseudagrostistachys]]'' * ''[[Pseudosenefeldera]]'' * ''[[Ptychopyxis]]'' * ''[[Pycnocoma]]'' * ''[[Radcliffea]]'' * ''[[Reutealis]]'' * ''[[Rhodothyrsus]]'' * ''[[Ricinocarpos]]'' * ''[[Ricinodendron]]'' * ''[[Ricinus]]'' * ''[[Rockinghamia]]'' * ''[[Romanoa]]'' * ''[[Sagotia]]'' * ''[[Sampantaea]]'' * ''[[Sandwithia]]'' * ''[[Sapium]]'' * ''[[Schinziophyton]]'' * ''[[Sclerocroton]]'' * ''[[Sebastiania]]'' * ''[[Seidelia]]'' * ''[[Senefeldera]]'' * ''[[Senefelderopsis]]'' * ''[[Shirakiopsis]]'' * ''[[Shonia]]'' * ''[[Spathiostemon]]'' * ''[[Spegazziniophytum]]'' * ''[[Speranskia]]'' * ''[[Sphaerostylis]]'' * ''[[Sphyranthera]]'' * ''[[Spirostachys]]'' * ''[[Stillingia]]'' * ''[[Strophioblachia]]'' * ''[[Sumbaviopsis]]'' * ''[[Suregada]]'' * ''[[Syndyophyllum]]'' * ''[[Tannodia]]'' * ''[[Tapoides]]'' * ''[[Tetrorchidium]]'' * ''[[Thyrsanthera]]'' * ''[[Tragia]]'' * ''[[Tragiella]]'' * ''[[Triadica]]'' * ''[[Trigonostemon]]'' * ''[[Vaupesia]]'' * ''[[Vernicia]]'' * ''[[Wetria]]'' == Toltolan == <references> <ref name = "COL">{{cite web|url= http://www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2014/browse/tree/id/17065944|title= Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2014 Annual Checklist.|author= Roskov Y., Kunze T., Orrell T., Abucay L., Paglinawan L., Culham A., Bailly N., Kirk P., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Decock W., De Wever A., Didžiulis V. (ed)|year= 2014|publisher= Species 2000: Reading, UK.|accessdate= 26 May 2014|archive-date= 14 December 2014|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20141214183418/http://www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2014/browse/tree/id/17065944|dead-url= yes}}</ref> </references> == Mga sumpay ha gawas == {{commonscat|Euphorbiaceae|Euphorbiaceae}} {{wikispecies|Euphorbiaceae|Euphorbiaceae}} {{botmade|Lsjbot|Magnoliopsida|date=2014-10}} [[Kaarangay:Euphorbiaceae]] a52q67rxq2xepj5x6zps8vhzd15ze9y 0 18900 290418 185983 2025-07-02T08:13:04Z Ziv 26344 ([[c:GR|GR]]) [[c:COM:Duplicate|Duplicate]]: [[File:Amelia Earhart 1928.jpg]] → [[File:220213115643-02-amelia-earhart-hat-auction.jpg]] Exact or scaled-down duplicate: [[c::File:220213115643-02-amelia-earhart-hat-auction.jpg]] 290418 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox tawo|name=Amelia Earhart|image=Amelia Earhart standing under nose of her Lockheed Model 10-E Electra, small.jpg|image_size=|caption=Earhart beneath the nose of her [[Lockheed Model 10-E Electra]], March 1937, [[Oakland, California]]|birth_name=Amelia Mary Earhart|birth_date={{birth date|1897|07|24}}|birth_place=[[Atchison, Kansas]], U.S.|disappeared_date={{Disappeared date and age|1937|7|2|1897|7|24}}|disappeared_place=[[Pacific Ocean]], en route to [[Howland Island]] from [[Lae]], [[Papua New Guinea]]|disappeared_status=[[Declared death in absentia|Declared dead ''in absentia'']]<br />{{Death date and age|1939|1|5|1897|7|24}}|spouse={{marriage|[[George P. Putnam]]|February 7, 1931}}|known_for=Many early aviation records, including first woman to [[transatlantic flight|fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean]]|signature=Amelia Earhart (signature).png|website={{Official website}}}} '''Amelia Mary Earhart''' (/ˈɛərhɑːrt/, pinangaki kan Hulyo 24, 1897; nawara kan Hulyo 2, 1937) sarong Amerikanang enot na piloto asin parasurat.{{sfn|Morey|1995|p=11}}{{refn|Charles Kuralt said on [[CBS]] television program ''Sunday Morning'', referring to Earhart: "She was a pioneer in aviation ... she led the way so that others could follow and go on to even greater achievements," further stating, "trailblazers prepare the rest of us for the future."{{sfn|Oakes|1985}}|group=Note}} Si Earhart an enot na babaying piloto na nakapalupad nin solo sa Kadagatan Atlantiko.{{sfn|Pearce|1988|p=95}}{{refn|Earhart set several records, being the first woman to fly across the Atlantic, first as a passenger and later, as a solo pilot; the period term for a female pilot was "aviatrix", and is still in use.<ref>Ferdinando, Lisa. [http://www.voanews.com/content/clinton-celebrates-american-pioneer-amelia-earhart-143507376/179233.html "Clinton Celebrates Pioneer Aviatrix Amelia Earhart."] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120614174340/http://www.voanews.com/content/clinton-celebrates-american-pioneer-amelia-earhart-143507376/179233.html |date=June 14, 2012 }} ''Voice of America'', March 19, 2012.</ref>|group=Note}} Nakaresibe syang onra sa United States Distinguished Flying Cross kan saiyang mga nagibuhan.{{sfn|Goldstein|Dillon|1997|pp=111, 112}} Nagbugtak man siyang dakulon na mga nagibo,{{sfn|Oakes|1985}} nagsurat nin mga mabentang libro dapit sa pagiging piloto asin mga eksperyensya dangan may kontribusyon sa pagmukna kan The Ninety-Nines, sarong organisasyon kan mga babaying piloto.{{sfn|Lovell|1989|p=152}} Kan 1935, si Earhart nagin taga bisitang pakultad na miyembro Purdue University bilang konsehero sa aeronautical engineering asin sa karera kan mga estudyanteng babayi. Miyembro man siya kan National Woman's Party asin taga suporta kan Equal Rights Amendment.<ref>[http://www.feminism101.com/timelineera.html "Timeline: Equal Rights Amendment, Phase One: 1921–1972."] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121208094346/http://www.feminism101.com/timelineera.html|date=December 8, 2012}} ''feminism101.com''. Retrieved: June 4, 2012.</ref><ref>Francis, Roberta W.[https://web.archive.org/web/20110721112813/http://www.equalrightsamendment.org/era.htm "The History Behind the Equal Rights Amendment."] ''equalrightsamendment.org'', July 21, 2011. Retrieved: June 4, 2012.</ref> Kan pagprobar niyang ikuton an mundo kan 1937 sa Purdue-funded Lockheed Model 10-E Electra, si Earhart asin piloto na si Fred Noonan nawara sa sentro kan Kadagatan Pasipiko harani sa Howland Island. Sa ngunyan an saiyang buhay, karera asin pagkawara nagin palaisipan asin inaaram hanggang sa ngunyan.{{refn|Quote: "She vanished nearly 60 years ago, but fascination with Amelia Earhart continues through each new generation."<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070210133356/http://sss.cuesta.com/c/article.html?article@AE+s@YMPhLU1xRL1uA "The Mystery of Amelia Earhart."] ''Social Studies School Service'', February 10, 2007. Retrieved: July 12, 2017.</ref>|group=Note}} [[Ladawan:Ameliachild.jpg|wala|thumb|Si Earhart kan aki pa]] [[Ladawan:Amelia-in-evening-clothes_(cropped).jpg|thumb|Si Earhart sulot an saiyang pambangging bado]] [[Ladawan:220213115643-02-amelia-earhart-hat-auction.jpg|wala|thumb|Retrato ni Amelia Earhart bago siya maghali kan Hunyo 17, 1928]] == Mga toltolan == <references group="Note"></references> <references group=""></references>{{Refbegin|30em}} * {{cite book|title=Letters from Amelia, 1901–1937|last=Backus|first=Jean L.|publisher=Beacon Press|year=1982|isbn=978-0-8070-6702-4|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|title=Whatever Happened to Amelia Earhart?|last=Blau|first=Melinda|publisher=Contemporary Perspectives|year=1977|isbn=978-0-8172-1057-1|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|title=The National Air and Space Museum|last1=Bryan|first1=C. D. B.|date=1979|publisher=Abrams|isbn=978-0-8109-0666-2|edition=1st|location=New York|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|title=East to the Dawn: The Life of Amelia Earhart|last=Butler|first=Susan|date=October 16, 1997|publisher=Da Capo Press|isbn=978-0-201-31144-0|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|title=With our own eyes: eyewitnesses to the final days of Amelia Earhart|last1=Campbell|first1=Mike|date=2002|publisher=Lucky Press|isbn=978-0-9706377-6-5|location=Lancaster, Ohio|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|title=Amelia Earhart: The Truth at Last|last1=Campbell|first1=Mike|date=2016|publisher=Sunbury Press, Inc.|isbn=978-1-62006-668-3|edition=2nd|ref=harv}} * {{cite web|ref=harv|last=Chater|first=Eric H.|title=Letter to M. E. Griffin|date=July 25, 1937|location=Lae, New Guinea|url=https://tighar.org/Projects/Earhart/Archives/Documents/Chater_Report.html}} * {{cite book|title=Stars at Noon|last=Cochran|first=Jacqueline|publisher=Little, Brown and Company|year=1954|location=Boston|ref=harv}} * {{cite letter|ref=harv|last=Collopy|first=James A.|date=August 28, 1937|subject=Amelia Earhart|recipient=Civil Aviation Board|location=Lae, New Guinea|url=https://tighar.org/Projects/Earhart/Archives/Documents/Collopy_Letter.html|access-date=December 2, 2017}} * {{cite book|title=The winged gospel : America's romance with aviation, 1900–1950.|last1=Corn|first1=Joseph J.|date=1983|publisher=Oxford Univ. Pr.|isbn=978-0-19-503356-4|location=New York|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OVeXAwAAQBAJ|title=The Fun of It|last=Earhart|first=Amelia|date=1932|publisher=Chicago Review Press|isbn=978-0-89733-658-1|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|title=Last Flight|last=Earhart|first=Amelia|publisher=Harcourt, Brace and Company|year=1937|edition=1st|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|title=Amelia Lost: The Life and Disappearance of Amelia Earhart|last=Fleming|first=Candace|publisher=Schwartz & Wade Books|year=2011|isbn=978-0-375-84198-9|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|title=Amelia Earhart: Heroine of the Skies|last=Garst|first=Shannon|publisher=Julian Messner, Inc.|year=1947|location=New York|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|title=Finding Amelia: The True Story of the Earhart Disappearance|last=Gillespie|first=Ric|publisher=Naval Institute Press|year=2006|isbn=978-1-59114-319-2|ref=harv}} * {{cite journal|ref=harv|last=Glines|first=C.V.|title='Lady Lindy': The Remarkable Life of Amelia Earhart|journal=Aviation History|date=July 1997|url=http://www.historynet.com/lady-lindy-the-remarkable-life-of-amelia-earhart-july-97-aviation-history-feature.htm}} * {{cite book|title=The Search for Amelia Earhart|last=Goerner|first=Fred G.|publisher=Doubleday|year=1966|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|title=Amelia: The Centennial Biography of an Aviation Pioneer|last1=Goldstein|first1=Donald M.|last2=Dillon|first2=Katherine V.|publisher=Brassey's|year=1997|isbn=978-1-57488-134-9|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|title=Skyway to Asia|last=Grooch|first=William Stephen|publisher=Longmans, Green and Co.|year=1936|location=New York|ref=harv}} * {{cite journal|ref=harv|last1=Hamill|first1=Pete|title=Leather and Pearls: The Cult of Amelia Earhart|journal=Ms.|date=September 1976}} * {{cite book|title=Amelia Earhart's daughters: the wild and glorious story of American women aviators from World War II to the dawn of the space age|last1=Haynsworth|first1=Leslie|last2=Toomey|first2=David|publisher=Perennial|year=1998|isbn=978-0-380-72984-5|edition=1st Perennial|location=New York|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|title=The Powder Puff Derby of 1929: The First All Women's Transcontinental Air Race|last=Jessen|first=Gene Nora|publisher=Sourcebooks|year=2002|isbn=978-1-57071-769-7|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|title=Amelia Earhart: Courage in the Sky|last=Kerby|first=Mona|publisher=Viking|year=1990|isbn=978 0670830244|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|title=Amelia Earhart's shoes: is the mystery solved?|last1=King|first1=Thomas F.|last2=Jacobson|first2=Randall S.|last3=Burns|first3=Karen R.|last4=Spading|first4=Kenton|date=2001|publisher=AltaMira Press|isbn=978-0-7591-0130-2|location=Walnut Creek, California|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|title=Lost Star: The Story of Amelia Earhart|last=Lauber|first=Patricia|date=December 1, 1989|publisher=Scholastic|isbn=978-0-590-41159-2|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|title=Amelia Earhart: opposing viewpoints|last1=Leder|first1=Jane|date=1989|publisher=Greenhaven Press|isbn=978-0-89908-070-3|location=San Diego, Calif.|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|title=Amelia Earhart: The Mystery Solved|last1=Long|first1=Marie K.|last2=Long|first2=Elgen M.|publisher=Simon and Schuster|year=1999|isbn=978-0-7432-0217-6|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|title=The Sound of Wings: The Life of Amelia Earhart|last=Lovell|first=Mary S.|publisher=St. Martin's Press|year=1989|isbn=978-1-4668-6648-5|ref=harv}} * Lubben, Kristen and Erin Barnett. ''Amelia Earhart: Image and Icon''. New York: International Center of Photography, 2007. {{ISBN|978-3-86521-407-2}}. * {{cite journal|ref=harv|last1=Marshall|first1=Patti|title=Neta Snook|journal=Aviation History|date=January 2007|volume=17|issue=3|pages=21–22|url=http://www.historynet.com/anita-neta-snook.htm}} * {{cite book|title=Amelia Earhart|last1=Morey|first1=Eileen|date=1995|publisher=Lucent Books|isbn=978-1-56006-065-9|location=San Diego, CA|ref=harv}} * <cite id=refMorrissey1992>Morrissey, Muriel Earhart. ''Amelia Earhart''. Santa Barbara, California: Bellerophon Books, 1992. {{ISBN|0-88388-044-X}}.</cite> * {{cite book|title=Courage is the Price: The Biography of Amelia Earhart|last=Morrissey|first=Muriel Earhart|publisher=McCormick-Armstrong, Pub. Division|year=1963|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|title=United States women in aviation, 1930–1939|last=Oakes|first=Claudia M.|publisher=Smithsonian Institution Press|year=1985|isbn=978-0-87474-709-6|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|title=The challenge of the Atlantic: a photo-illustrated history of early aviation in Harbour Grace, Nfld.|last1=Parsons|first1=Bill|date=1983|publisher=Robinson-Blackmore|isbn=978-0-920884-06-5|location=St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|title=Amelia Earhart|last=Pearce|first=Carol A.|publisher=Facts on File|year=1988|isbn=978-0-8160-1520-7|ref=harv}} * Pellegrino, Anne Holtgren. ''World Flight: The Amelia Trail''. Ames, Iowa: The Iowa State University Press, 1971. {{ISBN|0-8138-1760-9}}. * {{cite book|title=Around the world in eight days: the flight of the Winnie Mae|last1=Post|first1=Wiley|last2=Gatty|first2=Harold|publisher=Rand, McNally & Company|year=1931|ref=harv}} * ''The Radio Amateur's Handbook''. West Hartford, Connecticut: American Radio Relay League, 1945. No ISBN. * {{cite book|title=Amelia Earhart|last1=Randolph|first1=Blythe|date=1987|publisher=F. Watts|isbn=978-0-531-10331-9|location=New York|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|title=When Our Mothers Went to War: An Illustrated History of Women in World War II|last=Regis|first=Margaret|publisher=NavPublishing|year=2008|isbn=978-1-879932-05-0|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|title=Amelia Earhart: A Biography|last=Rich|first=Doris L.|publisher=Smithsonian Institution Press|year=1989|isbn=978-1-56098-725-3|location=Washington, DC|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|title=Earhart's flight into yesterday : the facts without the fiction|last1=Safford|first1=Laurance F.|date=2003|publisher=Paladwr Press|isbn=978-1-888962-20-8|location=McLean, Va.|ref=harv}} * <cite id=refSaffordetal2003>Safford, Laurance F. with Cameron A. Warren and Robert R. Payne. ''Earhart's Flight into Yesterday: The Facts Without the Fiction'', McLean, Virginia: Paladwr Press, 2003. {{ISBN|1-888962-20-8}}.</cite> * {{cite book|title=Amelia Earhart : challenging the skies|last1=Sloate|first1=Susan|date=1990|publisher=Fawcett Columbine|isbn=978-0-449-90396-4|edition=1st|location=New York|ref=harv}} * {{cite journal|ref=harv|date=November 1995|volume=31|issue=11|journal=Air Classics|title=Researching Amelia: A detailed summary for the serious researcher into the disappearance of Amelia Earhart|last=Strippel|first=Richard G.}} * {{cite book|title=Amelia Earhart|last=Thames|first=Richard|publisher=Franklin Watts|year=1989|isbn=978-0-531-10851-2|location=New York|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|title=Amelia Earhart: the sky's no limit|last1=Van Pelt|first1=Lori|date=2005|publisher=Forge|isbn=978-0-7653-1061-3|edition=1.|location=New York|ref=harv}} * {{cite journal|ref=harv|last1=Van Pelt|first1=Lori|title=Amelia's Autogiro Adventures|journal=Aviation History|date=March 2008}} {{Refend}} [[Kategorya:Istorya nin buhay]] 3eg7lvat97f38f6q5j5ovazk82cq56e 290419 290418 2025-07-02T08:16:49Z Ziv 26344 ([[c:GR|GR]]) [[c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[File:220213115643-02-amelia-earhart-hat-auction.jpg]] → [[File:Amelia Earhart, 1928.jpg]] [[c:COM:FR#FR2|Criterion 2]] · meaningless name 290419 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox tawo|name=Amelia Earhart|image=Amelia Earhart standing under nose of her Lockheed Model 10-E Electra, small.jpg|image_size=|caption=Earhart beneath the nose of her [[Lockheed Model 10-E Electra]], March 1937, [[Oakland, California]]|birth_name=Amelia Mary Earhart|birth_date={{birth date|1897|07|24}}|birth_place=[[Atchison, Kansas]], U.S.|disappeared_date={{Disappeared date and age|1937|7|2|1897|7|24}}|disappeared_place=[[Pacific Ocean]], en route to [[Howland Island]] from [[Lae]], [[Papua New Guinea]]|disappeared_status=[[Declared death in absentia|Declared dead ''in absentia'']]<br />{{Death date and age|1939|1|5|1897|7|24}}|spouse={{marriage|[[George P. Putnam]]|February 7, 1931}}|known_for=Many early aviation records, including first woman to [[transatlantic flight|fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean]]|signature=Amelia Earhart (signature).png|website={{Official website}}}} '''Amelia Mary Earhart''' (/ˈɛərhɑːrt/, pinangaki kan Hulyo 24, 1897; nawara kan Hulyo 2, 1937) sarong Amerikanang enot na piloto asin parasurat.{{sfn|Morey|1995|p=11}}{{refn|Charles Kuralt said on [[CBS]] television program ''Sunday Morning'', referring to Earhart: "She was a pioneer in aviation ... she led the way so that others could follow and go on to even greater achievements," further stating, "trailblazers prepare the rest of us for the future."{{sfn|Oakes|1985}}|group=Note}} Si Earhart an enot na babaying piloto na nakapalupad nin solo sa Kadagatan Atlantiko.{{sfn|Pearce|1988|p=95}}{{refn|Earhart set several records, being the first woman to fly across the Atlantic, first as a passenger and later, as a solo pilot; the period term for a female pilot was "aviatrix", and is still in use.<ref>Ferdinando, Lisa. [http://www.voanews.com/content/clinton-celebrates-american-pioneer-amelia-earhart-143507376/179233.html "Clinton Celebrates Pioneer Aviatrix Amelia Earhart."] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120614174340/http://www.voanews.com/content/clinton-celebrates-american-pioneer-amelia-earhart-143507376/179233.html |date=June 14, 2012 }} ''Voice of America'', March 19, 2012.</ref>|group=Note}} Nakaresibe syang onra sa United States Distinguished Flying Cross kan saiyang mga nagibuhan.{{sfn|Goldstein|Dillon|1997|pp=111, 112}} Nagbugtak man siyang dakulon na mga nagibo,{{sfn|Oakes|1985}} nagsurat nin mga mabentang libro dapit sa pagiging piloto asin mga eksperyensya dangan may kontribusyon sa pagmukna kan The Ninety-Nines, sarong organisasyon kan mga babaying piloto.{{sfn|Lovell|1989|p=152}} Kan 1935, si Earhart nagin taga bisitang pakultad na miyembro Purdue University bilang konsehero sa aeronautical engineering asin sa karera kan mga estudyanteng babayi. Miyembro man siya kan National Woman's Party asin taga suporta kan Equal Rights Amendment.<ref>[http://www.feminism101.com/timelineera.html "Timeline: Equal Rights Amendment, Phase One: 1921–1972."] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121208094346/http://www.feminism101.com/timelineera.html|date=December 8, 2012}} ''feminism101.com''. Retrieved: June 4, 2012.</ref><ref>Francis, Roberta W.[https://web.archive.org/web/20110721112813/http://www.equalrightsamendment.org/era.htm "The History Behind the Equal Rights Amendment."] ''equalrightsamendment.org'', July 21, 2011. Retrieved: June 4, 2012.</ref> Kan pagprobar niyang ikuton an mundo kan 1937 sa Purdue-funded Lockheed Model 10-E Electra, si Earhart asin piloto na si Fred Noonan nawara sa sentro kan Kadagatan Pasipiko harani sa Howland Island. Sa ngunyan an saiyang buhay, karera asin pagkawara nagin palaisipan asin inaaram hanggang sa ngunyan.{{refn|Quote: "She vanished nearly 60 years ago, but fascination with Amelia Earhart continues through each new generation."<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070210133356/http://sss.cuesta.com/c/article.html?article@AE+s@YMPhLU1xRL1uA "The Mystery of Amelia Earhart."] ''Social Studies School Service'', February 10, 2007. Retrieved: July 12, 2017.</ref>|group=Note}} [[Ladawan:Ameliachild.jpg|wala|thumb|Si Earhart kan aki pa]] [[Ladawan:Amelia-in-evening-clothes_(cropped).jpg|thumb|Si Earhart sulot an saiyang pambangging bado]] [[Ladawan:Amelia Earhart, 1928.jpg|wala|thumb|Retrato ni Amelia Earhart bago siya maghali kan Hunyo 17, 1928]] == Mga toltolan == <references group="Note"></references> <references group=""></references>{{Refbegin|30em}} * {{cite book|title=Letters from Amelia, 1901–1937|last=Backus|first=Jean L.|publisher=Beacon Press|year=1982|isbn=978-0-8070-6702-4|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|title=Whatever Happened to Amelia Earhart?|last=Blau|first=Melinda|publisher=Contemporary Perspectives|year=1977|isbn=978-0-8172-1057-1|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|title=The National Air and Space Museum|last1=Bryan|first1=C. D. B.|date=1979|publisher=Abrams|isbn=978-0-8109-0666-2|edition=1st|location=New York|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|title=East to the Dawn: The Life of Amelia Earhart|last=Butler|first=Susan|date=October 16, 1997|publisher=Da Capo Press|isbn=978-0-201-31144-0|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|title=With our own eyes: eyewitnesses to the final days of Amelia Earhart|last1=Campbell|first1=Mike|date=2002|publisher=Lucky Press|isbn=978-0-9706377-6-5|location=Lancaster, Ohio|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|title=Amelia Earhart: The Truth at Last|last1=Campbell|first1=Mike|date=2016|publisher=Sunbury Press, Inc.|isbn=978-1-62006-668-3|edition=2nd|ref=harv}} * {{cite web|ref=harv|last=Chater|first=Eric H.|title=Letter to M. E. Griffin|date=July 25, 1937|location=Lae, New Guinea|url=https://tighar.org/Projects/Earhart/Archives/Documents/Chater_Report.html}} * {{cite book|title=Stars at Noon|last=Cochran|first=Jacqueline|publisher=Little, Brown and Company|year=1954|location=Boston|ref=harv}} * {{cite letter|ref=harv|last=Collopy|first=James A.|date=August 28, 1937|subject=Amelia Earhart|recipient=Civil Aviation Board|location=Lae, New Guinea|url=https://tighar.org/Projects/Earhart/Archives/Documents/Collopy_Letter.html|access-date=December 2, 2017}} * {{cite book|title=The winged gospel : America's romance with aviation, 1900–1950.|last1=Corn|first1=Joseph J.|date=1983|publisher=Oxford Univ. Pr.|isbn=978-0-19-503356-4|location=New York|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OVeXAwAAQBAJ|title=The Fun of It|last=Earhart|first=Amelia|date=1932|publisher=Chicago Review Press|isbn=978-0-89733-658-1|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|title=Last Flight|last=Earhart|first=Amelia|publisher=Harcourt, Brace and Company|year=1937|edition=1st|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|title=Amelia Lost: The Life and Disappearance of Amelia Earhart|last=Fleming|first=Candace|publisher=Schwartz & Wade Books|year=2011|isbn=978-0-375-84198-9|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|title=Amelia Earhart: Heroine of the Skies|last=Garst|first=Shannon|publisher=Julian Messner, Inc.|year=1947|location=New York|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|title=Finding Amelia: The True Story of the Earhart Disappearance|last=Gillespie|first=Ric|publisher=Naval Institute Press|year=2006|isbn=978-1-59114-319-2|ref=harv}} * {{cite journal|ref=harv|last=Glines|first=C.V.|title='Lady Lindy': The Remarkable Life of Amelia Earhart|journal=Aviation History|date=July 1997|url=http://www.historynet.com/lady-lindy-the-remarkable-life-of-amelia-earhart-july-97-aviation-history-feature.htm}} * {{cite book|title=The Search for Amelia Earhart|last=Goerner|first=Fred G.|publisher=Doubleday|year=1966|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|title=Amelia: The Centennial Biography of an Aviation Pioneer|last1=Goldstein|first1=Donald M.|last2=Dillon|first2=Katherine V.|publisher=Brassey's|year=1997|isbn=978-1-57488-134-9|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|title=Skyway to Asia|last=Grooch|first=William Stephen|publisher=Longmans, Green and Co.|year=1936|location=New York|ref=harv}} * {{cite journal|ref=harv|last1=Hamill|first1=Pete|title=Leather and Pearls: The Cult of Amelia Earhart|journal=Ms.|date=September 1976}} * {{cite book|title=Amelia Earhart's daughters: the wild and glorious story of American women aviators from World War II to the dawn of the space age|last1=Haynsworth|first1=Leslie|last2=Toomey|first2=David|publisher=Perennial|year=1998|isbn=978-0-380-72984-5|edition=1st Perennial|location=New York|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|title=The Powder Puff Derby of 1929: The First All Women's Transcontinental Air Race|last=Jessen|first=Gene Nora|publisher=Sourcebooks|year=2002|isbn=978-1-57071-769-7|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|title=Amelia Earhart: Courage in the Sky|last=Kerby|first=Mona|publisher=Viking|year=1990|isbn=978 0670830244|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|title=Amelia Earhart's shoes: is the mystery solved?|last1=King|first1=Thomas F.|last2=Jacobson|first2=Randall S.|last3=Burns|first3=Karen R.|last4=Spading|first4=Kenton|date=2001|publisher=AltaMira Press|isbn=978-0-7591-0130-2|location=Walnut Creek, California|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|title=Lost Star: The Story of Amelia Earhart|last=Lauber|first=Patricia|date=December 1, 1989|publisher=Scholastic|isbn=978-0-590-41159-2|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|title=Amelia Earhart: opposing viewpoints|last1=Leder|first1=Jane|date=1989|publisher=Greenhaven Press|isbn=978-0-89908-070-3|location=San Diego, Calif.|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|title=Amelia Earhart: The Mystery Solved|last1=Long|first1=Marie K.|last2=Long|first2=Elgen M.|publisher=Simon and Schuster|year=1999|isbn=978-0-7432-0217-6|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|title=The Sound of Wings: The Life of Amelia Earhart|last=Lovell|first=Mary S.|publisher=St. Martin's Press|year=1989|isbn=978-1-4668-6648-5|ref=harv}} * Lubben, Kristen and Erin Barnett. ''Amelia Earhart: Image and Icon''. New York: International Center of Photography, 2007. {{ISBN|978-3-86521-407-2}}. * {{cite journal|ref=harv|last1=Marshall|first1=Patti|title=Neta Snook|journal=Aviation History|date=January 2007|volume=17|issue=3|pages=21–22|url=http://www.historynet.com/anita-neta-snook.htm}} * {{cite book|title=Amelia Earhart|last1=Morey|first1=Eileen|date=1995|publisher=Lucent Books|isbn=978-1-56006-065-9|location=San Diego, CA|ref=harv}} * <cite id=refMorrissey1992>Morrissey, Muriel Earhart. ''Amelia Earhart''. Santa Barbara, California: Bellerophon Books, 1992. {{ISBN|0-88388-044-X}}.</cite> * {{cite book|title=Courage is the Price: The Biography of Amelia Earhart|last=Morrissey|first=Muriel Earhart|publisher=McCormick-Armstrong, Pub. Division|year=1963|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|title=United States women in aviation, 1930–1939|last=Oakes|first=Claudia M.|publisher=Smithsonian Institution Press|year=1985|isbn=978-0-87474-709-6|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|title=The challenge of the Atlantic: a photo-illustrated history of early aviation in Harbour Grace, Nfld.|last1=Parsons|first1=Bill|date=1983|publisher=Robinson-Blackmore|isbn=978-0-920884-06-5|location=St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|title=Amelia Earhart|last=Pearce|first=Carol A.|publisher=Facts on File|year=1988|isbn=978-0-8160-1520-7|ref=harv}} * Pellegrino, Anne Holtgren. ''World Flight: The Amelia Trail''. Ames, Iowa: The Iowa State University Press, 1971. {{ISBN|0-8138-1760-9}}. * {{cite book|title=Around the world in eight days: the flight of the Winnie Mae|last1=Post|first1=Wiley|last2=Gatty|first2=Harold|publisher=Rand, McNally & Company|year=1931|ref=harv}} * ''The Radio Amateur's Handbook''. West Hartford, Connecticut: American Radio Relay League, 1945. No ISBN. * {{cite book|title=Amelia Earhart|last1=Randolph|first1=Blythe|date=1987|publisher=F. Watts|isbn=978-0-531-10331-9|location=New York|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|title=When Our Mothers Went to War: An Illustrated History of Women in World War II|last=Regis|first=Margaret|publisher=NavPublishing|year=2008|isbn=978-1-879932-05-0|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|title=Amelia Earhart: A Biography|last=Rich|first=Doris L.|publisher=Smithsonian Institution Press|year=1989|isbn=978-1-56098-725-3|location=Washington, DC|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|title=Earhart's flight into yesterday : the facts without the fiction|last1=Safford|first1=Laurance F.|date=2003|publisher=Paladwr Press|isbn=978-1-888962-20-8|location=McLean, Va.|ref=harv}} * <cite id=refSaffordetal2003>Safford, Laurance F. with Cameron A. Warren and Robert R. Payne. ''Earhart's Flight into Yesterday: The Facts Without the Fiction'', McLean, Virginia: Paladwr Press, 2003. {{ISBN|1-888962-20-8}}.</cite> * {{cite book|title=Amelia Earhart : challenging the skies|last1=Sloate|first1=Susan|date=1990|publisher=Fawcett Columbine|isbn=978-0-449-90396-4|edition=1st|location=New York|ref=harv}} * {{cite journal|ref=harv|date=November 1995|volume=31|issue=11|journal=Air Classics|title=Researching Amelia: A detailed summary for the serious researcher into the disappearance of Amelia Earhart|last=Strippel|first=Richard G.}} * {{cite book|title=Amelia Earhart|last=Thames|first=Richard|publisher=Franklin Watts|year=1989|isbn=978-0-531-10851-2|location=New York|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|title=Amelia Earhart: the sky's no limit|last1=Van Pelt|first1=Lori|date=2005|publisher=Forge|isbn=978-0-7653-1061-3|edition=1.|location=New York|ref=harv}} * {{cite journal|ref=harv|last1=Van Pelt|first1=Lori|title=Amelia's Autogiro Adventures|journal=Aviation History|date=March 2008}} {{Refend}} [[Kategorya:Istorya nin buhay]] ip7tp92025py7yt0h3sw4ycrq07ovw3 0 20362 290429 260971 2025-07-02T09:45:32Z InternetArchiveBot 17127 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 290429 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|Arkilohikal na artipakto gikan sa banwaan nin Monreal, Masbate, an Filipinas}} {{Infobox artipakto |name = Mga gapong Monreal |image = Monreal stone.jpg |image2 = Smaller Monreal stone.png |image_caption = An mga gapong Monreal na nakalagak sa seksyon nin Baybayin kan [[Nasyunal na Museo nin Antropolohiya (Manila)|Nasyunal na Museo nin Antropolohiya]] |material = [[apog]] |created = ika-17 siglo [[BCE]] (inscriptions) |discovered_date = ika-15 nin Marso 2011 |discovered_place = [[Monreal, Masbate]], [[Isla nin Ticao]], [[Filipinas]] |discovered_by = Virgie Almodal |location = [[Nasyunal na Museo kan Filipinas]] |culture = [[Kultura kan Filipinas|Pilipino]] }} An '''mga gapong Monreal''' ([[Tataramon na Filipino|Filipino]]: ''Mga Batong Monreal''), minatukdo man sa '''mga gapo kan Ticao''', iyo an duwang mga tablet nin limestone na igwang laog na mga karakter na [[Baybayin]]. Nadugangan kan mga estudyante kan Eskwelahang Pan-elementarya nin Rizal sa Isla nin Ticao sa banwaan nin Monreal, [[Masbate]] kan pigtangkas ninda an laboy sa saindang mga sapatos asin tsinelas sa sarong bakong regular na porma na apog na tablet bago maglaog sa saindang klasrum, an mga ini ngunyan pigsaharong sa sarong seksyon kan Nasyunal na Museo. An gabat kan dakula asin triyangulo na gapo nasa mga 30 kilo, an kapal nasa 11 sentimetro, 54 cm. An laba asin 44 cm. an lakbang. Korteng obal an sarong sadit kaini asin an kapal nasa 6 cm., 20 cm. an laba asin 18 cm. an lakbang.<ref name="INQPHmuddied">{{Cite news |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/616407/muddied-stones-reveal-ancient-scripts |title=Muddied Stones Reveal Ancient Scripts |last=Escandor |first=Juan |date=July 3, 2014 |work=inquirerdotnet}}</ref><ref name="ELIZAGAticao">{{Citation |last=Borrinaga |first=Rolando O. |title=Romancing the Ticao Stones: Preliminary Transcription, Decipherment, Translation, and Some Notes |url=http://heritage.elizaga.net/explorations/borrinaga/ticao-stones.pdf}}</ref> Nagsagibo an Nasyunal na Museo nin sarong komperensya nin Baybayin tanganing maipahiling an mga gapong Monreal sa publiko kan ika-13 kan Disyembre 2013.<ref>{{cite web | last =Bautista | first =Angel P. | title =National Museum Hosts Second Baybayin Conference | url =https://www.nationalmuseum.gov.ph/nationalmuseumbeta/Museums%20and%20Branches/PressRelease7.html | accessdate =12 June 2019 | archive-date =22 July 2019 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20190722131621/http://www.nationalmuseum.gov.ph/nationalmuseumbeta/Museums%20and%20Branches/PressRelease7.html | dead-url =yes }}</ref> Sa ngunyan nasa irarom palanggad kan diskusyon an pagpepetsa asin pagiging totoo kan mga gapong ini,<ref>{{cite book |last1=Guillermo |first1=Ramon |title=Ang proseso ng transkripsiyon ng mga inskripsiyon sa mga Bato ng Ticao |date=2012 |page=28 |url=https://doaj.org/article/dba46b6fe0a14a32be14f1677b856aae |language=tl |quote=Posible ring hindi kailanman matitiyak ang awtentisidad o pagpepetsa ng mga ito ayon sa kasiyahan ng lahat. Maaaring maging kapalaran nito ang katulad ng ‘Calatagan Pot’ na pinaliligiran ng walang katapusan at hindi maubos na tanong. }}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> alagad nagpapahiling an pangenot na eksamonasyon na dai pwedeng gibuhon ning mas amay kaysa sa ika-17 siglo an mga inskripsyon nin huli ta sa paggamit kan Baybayin vowel deleter na ipinabisto kadtong 1621 kan mga Espanyol na prayle.<ref>{{cite book |last1=POTET |first1=Jean-Paul G. |title=Baybayin, the Syllabic Alphabet of the Tagalogs |date=2019 |publisher=Lulu.com |isbn=9780244142414 |page=115 |url=https://books.google.com/books/about/Baybayin_the_Syllabic_Alphabet_of_the_Ta.html?id=rHGADwAAQBAJ&redir_esc=y |language=en |quote=but an examination reveals that they cannot be earlier than the 17th century because in the excerpt shown here, the letter ''nga'' (frames 1 and 3) has the /a/-deleter cross that Father LOPEZ introduced in 1621, and this cross is quite different from the diacritic placed under the character ''ya'' to represent the vowel /u/: /yu/ (frame 2).}}</ref> ==Mga toltolan== {{Reflist}} [[Kategorya:Mga iskritura kan Filipinas]] j4v34ito8t0rmryd76a2u4phk14wo0t 0 20534 290357 261803 2025-07-01T17:05:32Z InternetArchiveBot 17127 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 290357 wikitext text/x-wiki Si '''Carmen Zaragoza y Rojas''', o '''Carmen Zaragoza y Roxas''', (1867–1943) sarong Filipinang artista. Siya gikan sa artistikong pamilya: an saiyang tiyohon na si Felix, sarong arkitekto, asin si Felipe, sarong tagapinta nin tanawin. kan 1892, ginibo niya an saiyang obra na ''Dos Inteligencias'' (Two Intellectuals), sarong kuwadro na nagpagana saiya kan 1892 na anibersaryo kan pagkadiskubre ni Christopher Columbus kan Amerika. Pakalihis kan duwang taon, kan 1895 Exposición Regional de Filipinas (1895 Regional Exposition in the Philippines), si Zaragoza ginawadan nin medalyang tanso para sa paggibo niya nin duwang kuwadro.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://journals.upd.edu.ph/index.php/rws/article/viewFile/3026/2794|title=Filipina Artists in the Fine Arts: Disrupted Genealogies, Emerging Identities|author=Datuin, Flaudette May V.|publisher=Review of Women's Studies|accessdate=20 March 2016|language=}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ncca.gov.ph/about-culture-and-arts/in-focus/birthing-women-artists/|title=In Focus: Birthing Women Artists|publisher=National Commission for Culture and the Arts|accessdate=20 March 2016|language=|archive-date=2 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160402141833/http://ncca.gov.ph/about-culture-and-arts/in-focus/birthing-women-artists/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Si Zaragoza nagtabang na maitindog an ika-19 siglo na magasin na '''''La Ilustracion Filipina del Oriente''''', na pinondohan kan saiyang ama na si Jose Zaragoza y Aranquizna.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://leon-gallery.com/v2/gallery/viewauctions-22-122-Portrait-of-Doa-Carmen-Zaragoza-y-Roxas-vda-de-Araneta|title=The Asian Cultural Council Philippines Art Auction 2016|publisher=León Gallery|accessdate=20 March 2016|archive-date=3 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160403075950/http://leon-gallery.com/v2/gallery/viewauctions-22-122-Portrait-of-Doa-Carmen-Zaragoza-y-Roxas-vda-de-Araneta|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Si Zaragoza ikinasal sa sarong politiko asin negosyante na si Gregorio S. Araneta kan1896. Sinda igwa nin 14 aki na pinadakula ninda sa saindang harong sa Kalye Hidalgo (fdating Calle San Sebastian) sa Quiapo, Manila. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.philstar.com/newsmakers/2015/12/03/1528353/art-remembering?nomobile=1|title=Art is for remembering|publisher=[[Philippine Star]]|accessdate=21 March 2016}}</ref> == Toltolan == {{Reflist}} [[Kategorya: Mga artikulo sa Art+Feminism in the Philippines 2020]] et18dq18knr5xb77s0umvqtv08rg3k8 0 24172 290428 228995 2025-07-02T09:43:38Z InternetArchiveBot 17127 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 290428 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ladawan:Pasig_Intramuros.JPG|thumb|300x300px|An Salog nin Pasig sa Manila, saro sa pinakamaating salog sa kinaban.]] An risarisang '''peligro kan Pilipinas''' sa natural na mga kalamidad, iyo huli sa lugar na kinamumugtakan kaini. Bilang sarong nasyon na yaon sa ''Pacific Ring of Fire'', sarong pagpapatotoo na madaling magkaigwa nin mga linog asin pagtuga nin bulkan. Dugang pa, an nasyon napalilibotan nin darakulang porsyon nin katubigan asin napapaatubang sa Kadagatan nin Pasipiko kun saen 60% kan mga bagyo sa kinaban an nabibilog. An saro sa pinakamapanlaglag na mga bagyo na tuminama sa Pilipinas kan 2013 iyo an Typhoon Haiyan, o "Yolanda," na guminadan nin labing 10,000 katawo, nagdistroso nin labi sa trilyon kantidad na mga propyedad asin danyos sa manlaenlaen na sektor. Kabale sa iba pang problema sa palibot na inaatubang kan nasyon an polusyon, ilegal na pagmina asin paghampak, pagpalod sa mga kadlagan, pagdakop nin mga baybayon, pagluya nin mga hayop, pagbago nin init asin klima sa bilog na globo. == Polusyon sa Tubig == Kung minsan na ang kayamanang tubig nagigin kadikit sa mga pirang rehiyon asin kapanahonan, an Pilipinas sa kabilogan, igwa nin bastanteng tubig, magin surface water o groundwater. Minsan siring, an pagpabaya na magkaigwa nin koordinal na palakaw sa palibot nagbunga kan pag - ati sa 58% kan tubig sa daga sa Pilipinas. An pangenot na ginikanan nin polusyon dai minamaltrato asin dae tinatawan duon pati sa pan-industriyal na sektor kan Pililpinas. An un - tersio sana kan mga sistemang pansalog sa Pilipinas an ibinibilang na angay para sa pampublikong suplay nin tubig. Kinakalkulo na sa 2025, an pagkaigwa nin tubig magigin marhen sa kadaklan na mayor na syudad asin sa 8 kan 19 mayor na planggana sa salog ''(river basins)''. Apuera sa grabeng mga kahaditan sa salud, an polusyon sa tubig nagbubunga man nin mga problema sa mga industriya nin paninira asin turismo. Rinekonoser kan gobyerno nasyonal an problema asin poon kan 2004 naghingoang iintrodusir an nagsusustenir na mga rekurso nin tubig (helingon sa ibaba). 5% sana sa total na populasyon an konektado sa sarong organisasyon nin mga imburnal. An dakulang mayoriya naggagamit nin pabilog na mga kasilyasan na konektado sa magaspang na mga tangke. Mantang bihira an pagbolong asin mga pasilidad sa pag - apon, an kadaklan na may kaya dai inaasikaso. Segun sa Development Bank sa Asia, an Salog nin Pasig saro sa pinakamaating salog sa kinaban, na nagdadalagan sa kabiserang siudad nin Manila. Kan Marso 2008, ipinaisi kan Manila Water na magkakaigwa nin sarong planta sa pagbulong sa tubig sa Taguig. An enot sa Pilipinas na natugdok na pasilidad na maserbi sa 700 na kaharongan natapos kan 2006 sa sarong lugar sa Siudad nin Bayawan na ginamit sa para sa mga pamilya na nag - iistar sa baybayon sa impormal na mga baryo asin mayo nin makukuang ligtas na suplay nin tubig asin sanitasyon. == Pagpanipis kan Kadlagan == Durante kan ika - 20 siglo an kadlagan sa Pilipinas buminaba poon sa 70 porsiento sagkod sa 20 porsiento. Sa kagabsan, 46 na klase (''species'') an namemeligro, dangan 4 an biyo nang napara. 3.2 porsiento kan kadlagan an natada. Basado sa pag - analisar sa daga ginagamit an arogan na mga mapa asin mapa kan tinampo na an kinakarkulong 9.8 milyones na ektarya nin kadlagan nawara sa Pilipinas poon 1934 sagkod 1988. Nangyayari an ilegal na pagtroso sa Pilipinas asin nadadagdagan an danyos nin baha sa nagkapirang lugar. Susog sa iskolar na si Jessica Mathews, an halipot na mga palakaw kan gobyerno kan Pilipinas an nakakontribuwir sa halangkaw na rikas nin pagpanipis kan kadlagan: • Jessica Mathews<blockquote>Regular na tinatawan kan gobyerno nin pagpangongoltanan na mayo pang sampulong taon. Mantang kaipuhan nin 30 hanggan 35 na taon para sa ikaduwa sa hayakpit na kadlagan sagkod na magin maygurang, an mga paratroso mayo nin pagkusa na magtanom. Por dahil sa mga pagkakasala, ininkamenar kan mga nasa ''flat royaltie''s an mga paratroso na haleon sana an pinakamahalagang mga klase. An makatatakot na 40 porsiento kan anihon na kahoy nungkang nahale sa kadlagan kundi, naraot sa paghabon, nalapa o nasolo. An daing kaagid na resulta kaini asin konektadong mga polisiya iyo an nasa 17 milyones na tada nin protektadong mga kadlagan na duminakol sa pagpopoon kan siglo 1.2 milyones sana an natatada sa ngonyan.</blockquote>An Pilipinas igwa nin 2018 Forest Landscape Integrity Index mean score na 5.910, na an ranggo ika-91 sa bilog na kinaban sa 172 na nasyon. == Polusyon sa Duros == Huli sa mga basurang naghahali sa mga industriya asin lunadan, an Manila nagsapo kan polusyon sa duros, na nakaaapektar sa 98% kan populasyon. Taon - taon, an polusyon sa duros nagkacausa nin labing 4,000 na pagkagadan. An Ermita, iyo an pinakamaating distrito sa Manila huli sa pagbukas nin mga open dump sites asin industrial waste. Susog sa Metro Manila Development Authority (MMDA), an nasyon nagpoprodusir nin promedyong 41 koronsilyong basura na may haros 10 koronsilyong basura aroaldaw hale sa Metro Manila sana. Minsan ngani an kadaklan na grupo sa lokal na gobyerno nag - eestablisar nin Material Recovery Facility (MRF), pag - implementar nin segregasyon sa pinagkukuanan, asin an pagkolekta saka pagproseso kan gabos na reklusyonable asin nalalapang materyales, an kadaklan sa mga basurang munisipal magsalang ibinubugtak sa maating mga lugar o hayag na sinosoloan na nagkacausa nin pinagrabeng kualidad kan maating duros sa mga syudad. Segun sa sarong report kan 2003, an Salog nin Pasig saro sa pinakamaating mga salog sa kinaban na may 150 tonelada nin basurang domestiko asin 75 toneladang industriyal an basura aroaldaw. == Pagbago kan Klima == An saro sa pinakaengganyar na mga isyu sa palibot na may epekto sa Pilipinas iyo an pagbabago sa klima. Mantang an sarong islang nasyon na yaon sa rehion nin Timog - Sirangan na Asia Pasipiko, an Pilipinas madalion nang mabiktima nin pagbabago sa klima. Kaiba sa nagkapira sa mga epektong ini an orog na pagkaparate asin grabeng natural na mga kalamidad, paglangkaw kan dagat, grabeng pag - oran, pag - init kan globo, pagkulang, asin pagkaraot kan palibot. An gabos na epektong ini iribang nakaapektar na marhay sa agrikultura, tubig, instruktura, salud nin tawo, asin mga sistema sa ekolohiyang baybayon asin hiningoang padagos na madanyaran nin grabe an ekonomiya asin sosyedad kan Pilipinas. === Greenhouse Gas Emissions === An Pilipinas nagdudugang sa ''global greenhouse gas'' (GHG) ''emissions'' na nasa 0.31%. Minsan siring, an nasyon madaling mabiktima kan mga epekto nin pagbabago sa klima. Naglalangkaw na maray an an ''global greenhouse gas'' (GHG) ''emissions'' sa Pilipinas. An ''global greenhouse gas'' (GHG) ''emissions'' an nangengenot na causa kan paglakop sa pagbabago sa klima. Sagkod sa 41.8% kan mga pagsugo kan nasyon sa GHGG gikan sa pagsolo nin lanang karbon asin gasolina para sa henerasyon nin elektrisidad. An Pilipinas, sarong tanda kan klima sa Paris, nagmamaigot na papondohon an mga sugo kaiyan kan 70% sa 2030. === Mga Impluwensia nin panglobong pag - init === ==== Kasaysayan nin klima ==== Huli sa geograpikong lugar, klima, asin topograpiya, an Pilipinas kompuesto nin ikatolong kabtang kan World Risk Index para sa pinakagrabeng peligro asin pagkalantad sa natural na mga kalamidad. 16 sa mga probinsia kaiyan, kaiba an Manila, Benguet, asin Batanes, kairiba sa pinakamadaling mabiktimang mga lugar sa Timog - Sirangan na Asia, na an ranggo 7. Apat na siudad sa Pilipinas, Manila, San Jose, Roxas, asin Cotabato, an kaiba sa pinakahalangkaw na 10 syudad na pinakamadaling mabiktima kan paglangkaw kan dagat sa Sirangan na Asia asin Pasipiko. An nasyon perming namemeligro sa grabeng natural na mga peligro kaiba an mga bagyo, baha, paraguso kan daga, asin tigmara. Iyan yaon sa sarong rehiyon na naeeksperyensyahan an pinakahalangkaw na bilang nin mga bagyo sa kinaban, na nagpopromedyo nin 20 na bagyo kada taon, na may mga 7-9 na aktuwal paghugpa sa daga. Kan 2009, an Pilipinas nagkaigwa kan ikatolong pinakahalangkaw na kabilangan nin mga nagadan huli sa natural na mga kalamidad sa ikaduwa sa kadaklan na biktima. An pagbago kan klima magpapadagos na magkaigwa nin makosog na mga epekto sa klima kan Pilipinas. Poon kan 1951-2010, naheling kan Pilipinas an promedyong temperatura na naglangkaw nin 0.65 grado Celsio, na mas dikit an nakarekord na mga banggi asin mas mainit na mga aldaw. Poon kan mga taon nin 1970, nagdakol an mga bagyo durante kan kapanahonan nin El Niño. An Pilipinas bako sanang nakaheling nin 0.15 metro sa paglangakaw kan sea level poon kan 1940, kundi nakaheling man nin 0.6 sagkod sa 1 grado Celsio na nag - oorog na temperatura sa ibabaw kan dagat poon kan 1910, asin 0.09 grado nin paglangkaw kan temperatura kan dagat kan 1950. Durante kan peryodo nin panahon poon 1990 sagkod 2006, an Pilipinas nakaeksperyensia nin dakol na nakarerekord na mga pangyayari sa panahon, kabale an pinakamakosog na bagyo nin panahon, kaiba an pinakamakosog na tiphoon (na marikason), pinakamapanlaglag na bagyo (mga pangyayari sa panahon), asin an pinakagrabeng 24 oras na pag - oran sa rekord. ==== Bagyong Hayan ==== Sa 04:40 kan Nobyembre 8, 2013, an Super Typhoon Haiyan, na midbid man sa lokal na lugar bilang "Yolanda," nagkapurukan sa Pilipinas sa munisipyo nin Guiuan. An kategoriya 5 tiphon padagos na nagbiahe pasolnopan, na nag - uulakbo sa nagkapirang munisipyo, asin sa katapustapusi nandestroso nin grabe sa darakulaon na isla nin Pilipinas sa Samar, Leyte, Cebu, asin Visaya. Huling nasa rekord an pinakamakosog na tropikal na bagyo, si Typhoon Haiyan nagkaigwa nin rikas nin doros na labing 300 kilometros an distansia (haros 190 mph) na nagcausa nin darakulang pag - operar sa bagyo na nagresulta sa grabeng danyos sa dakol na lugar sa nasyon. Sa paghale sa labing 6,300 na gadan, 28,688 an naerido, asin 1062 na mayo, si Typhoon Haiyan an pinakamagagadan na bagyo na nakarekord sa Pilipinas. Labing 16 milyon katawo an naapektaran kan bagyo, nagsasakit huli sa bagyo, biglang pagbaha, mga lugar, asin grabeng doros asin oran na guminadan nin buhay, rinaot an mga harong, asin dakol an nanlaglag. Rinaot na marhay ni Typhoon Haiyan an labing 1.1 milyones na harong sa bilog na nasyon asin nagbalyo sa ibang nasyon. Sono sa NDRMC, an bagyo ikinagadan kan mga Pilipinas mga 3.64 bilyones na dolyar kan US. ==== Mga Proyekto sa Ngapit ==== An mga prediksion sa naturalesa para sa presenteng trahedya nin klima naghula na an pag - init sa bilog na globo posibleng malabihan an 3 doot na si Celsio, na posibleng marhay na 4degreso, pag - abot nin 2060. Espesipikong sa Pilipinas, an promedyong temperatura "haros segurado" na makaheheling nin pag - oswag na 1.8 sagkod 2.2 grado Celsio. An pag - oswag na ini sa temperatura an mapresko sa lokal na klima asin mapangyari sa basa asin marang mga kapanahonan na magin masiram asin maalang, sa kanya - kanyang paagi. An kadaklan na lugar sa Pilipinas maheheling an hababang oran poon Marso sagkod Mayo, mantang si Luzon asin Visayas makaheheling nin nag - oorog na makosog na oran. Madakol man: an kabilangan nin mga aldaw na labi pa sa 35degre C; iyan mayo pang 2.5 mula nin oran; asin iyan igwa nin labing 300 na pag - oran. Dugang pa, an pagbabago sa klima padagos na madugang sa kosog nin mga bagyo asin tropikong mga bagyo. An mga grado kan Dagat sa palibot kan Pilipinas pinoprobaran na bumangon nin 0.48 sagkod 0.65 metros sa palibot kan Pilipinas, na minalampas sa panglobong promedyo para sa rikas nin paglangkaw kan dagat. Kairiba an paglangkaw kan dagat, an panriribok na ini sa mas grabeng mga kapanahonan asin klima nagpapaorog sa pagigin parate asin grabeng alimbukad nin bagyo, baha, kadagaan, asin tigmara. An mga ini nagsasapeligro sa agrikultura, enerhiya, tubig, instruktura, salud nin tawo, asin mga sistema sa ekolohiya sa baybayon. === Mga Vulnebilidad sa manlaen - laen na sekta === ==== Agrikultura ==== An agrikultura sa Pilipinas saro sa pinakadakulang mga kabtang asin padagos na naaapektaran na gayo kan mga epekto nin pagbago sa klima. An sekreto sa agrikultura naggagamit nin 35% kan populasyon na nagtatrabaho asin nagpoprodusir nin 13% kan GDP kan 2009. An duwang pinakaimportanteng pananom, paroy asin mais, ta 67% kan daga na kinukultibar asin naheheling na iniinaan na bunga nin init asin tension sa tubig. An musika, trigo, asin mais na pananom linalaoman na makaheling nin 10% pag - ina sa bunga para sa kada 1degree C. An mga pag - oswag sa labi - labing panahon magkakaigwa nin nakapanluluya nin biyo na mga epekto sa agrikultura. An mga syphoon (halangkaw na doros) asin makosog na oran nakakokontribuwir sa paglaglag sa mga pananom, ininaan an pagkamainaki kan daga, liniwat an agrikultural na produksion paagi sa grabeng pagbaha, pag - oran, asin pagtuga nin daga. An tigmara asin nainaan na pag - oran nagbubunga nin nag - oorog na mga impresyon na nakadadanyar sa mga pananom saka nin nag - oorog na pangangaipo nin irigasyon. An naglalangkaw na mga grado kan dagat nag - oorog sa asgad na minagiya sa pagkawara nin mahanab na daga asin tubig nin irigasyon. An gabos na bagay na ini nakakokontribuwir sa mas halangkaw na presyo nin kakanon asin mas dakol na pangangaipo para sa mga kahulogan, na nakakokolog sa pankagabsan na ekonomiya saka indibiduwal na pagbuhay. Poon 2006 sagkod 2013, an Pilipinas nakaeksperyensia nin total na 75 kalamidad na nagin kapierdihan sa agrikultural na sektor $3.8 bilyones sa pagkawara asin danyos. Si Typhoon Haiyan sana an nawaran kan agrikultural na kabtang kan Pilipinas nin kinakarkulong US $724 milyones pakatapos na papangyarihon an 1.1 milyones na tonelada nin mga pananom asin raoton an 600,000 na kaomahan sa oma. An kabtang sa agrikultura linalaoman na maheling an kinakarkulong taonan na pagkawara kan GDP sa 2.2% kan 2100 huli sa klima na may epekto sa agrikultura. ==== Tubig ==== An nagkapirang dahelan nin pagbabago sa klima nag - aapekto sa pagigin madaling makua nin tubig sa Pilipinas. An nagdadakol na grabeng tigmara nagpapababa sa kapatagan nin tubig asin nagbobolos an salog asin sa siring nagkukulang sa tubig. An mga baha asin kadagaan na bunga nin grabeng pag - oran na nararaot na salud asin kalidad na tubig paagi sa nag - oorog na mga pagbolos asin pagtubo na nag - oorog sa pagkaindiperente sa mga reserbang daga. Dakol na kabatang sa baybayon an nahelingan nin pagsalakay nin asin na hale sa tubig na nagpapadikit sa kadakolan nin preskong tubig na magagamit. Mga 25% kan mga munisipalidad sa baybayon sa Luzon, Visayas, asin Mindanao an apektado kaini asin an isyu linalaoman na magrabe pa sa paglangkaw kan dagat. == Mga Peligro sa mga Enviromentalista == An Pilipinas kun beses ibinibilang na pinakapeligrosong nasyon para sa mga aktibista sa palibot. Susug sa mga environmental watchdog Global Witness, kisuerra 30 lote asin paradepensa sa palibot an nagadan sa Pilipinas kan 2018, na an dakol sa sainda nakikilaban sa pribadong mga grupo nin negosyo. An Kalikasan People's Network for the Environment nagkaigwa nin 46 na pagkagadan kan 2019. An grupo nagsabi man na an mga aktibista riniribok, biniribid, "tinaraman," asin inapod na mga terorista o "mga kaiwal kan estado. " Hinagad kanmga grupo para sa pagbuhay na makapasar an Kongreso nin Human Rights Defenders Bill tanganing makatabang sa pagprotehir sa mga aktibista asin sa saindang pamilya. == Palakaw kan gobyerno == === Mapangganang pag - oswag === Rinerekonoser an pangangaipo na pag - adalan an mga isyu sa palibot saka an pangangaipo na susteniran an pag - oswag asin pag - oswag, an Pilipinas nagdatong kadungan kan Sustinableng Estratehiyang Development. Kabale sa nasyon para sa Sustanableng Development Strategy an pag - ako nin mga kokonsiderar sa palibot sa pag - administrar, apisyonadong pagkua nin natural na mga rekurso, konserbasyon nin biodpodiviersidad, pagparahay sa mga sistema nin ekolohiya, pagkontrol sa pag - oswag kan populasyon asin kayamanan nin tawo, pag - oswag sa puerang mga lugar, pagpalakop nin promosyonal na edukasyon, pagpakosog sa mga partisipasyon nin "pag - aling - aling - aling - aling - aling - aling, asin pag - aling - aling saka pag - aling para sa mga gibo.An saro sa mga inisyatiba na pinirmahan sa sarong kabtang kan estratehiya iyo an Sumpa sa Daga kan 1992. Kan pirmahan an Summit sa Daga kan 1992, an gobyerno nin Pilipinas danay na sinisiyasat an dakol na laen - laen na inisyatiba tanganing mapakarhay an mga aspekto kan palibot kan nasyon. === Proteksyon sa Kapalibotan === Sa presente, an Department of Environment and Natural Resources kan Pilipinas sibot sa pagsusog sa ilegal na mga pagtroso asin sa pag - andam kan kualidad nin dakol pang natatadang salog na dai pa nadidigtaan. == Hilingon pa lalo == * [[Polusyon sa salog kan Pasig|Ati sa Salog nin Pasig]] * Anti-nuklear na mobimiento sa Pilipinas * Green politika sa Pilipinas * Mga Ekorehisyon sa Pilipinas * Listahan nin protektadong mga lugar sa Pilipinas '''Mga espesya:''' * Wildlife of the Philippines * List of threatened species of the Philippines == Mga Toltolan == {{loc}}{{Reflist|2}} == Mababasa pa lalo == *  {{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780520089211|title=Plundering paradise: the struggle for the environment in the Philippines|last1=Cavanagh|first1=John|last2=Broad|first2=Robin|publisher=University of California Press|year=1994|isbn=978-0-520-08921-1|location=Berkeley|url-access=registration}} *  {{cite journal|last=Magno|first=Francisco A.|year=1993|title=The Growth of Philippine Environmentalism|journal=Kasarinlan: Philippine Journal of Third World Studies|volume=9|issue=1|issn=2012-080X|url=http://www.journals.upd.edu.ph/index.php/kasarinlan/article/view/928/927|access-date=2021-01-26|archivedate=2011-10-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111004232949/http://www.journals.upd.edu.ph/index.php/kasarinlan/article/view/928/927}} [[Kategorya:Category:Kapalibotan kan Pilipinas]] [[Kategorya:Category:Mga Urulay Pankapalibutan sa Pilipinas]] [[Kategorya: Mga artikulo sa Philippines Climate Change Translate-a-thon]] fhmvqbk0kq10chlcxmin8bw8cphwucn 0 25078 290367 289997 2025-07-01T17:36:00Z 2806:2F0:55C1:CC29:8C85:72C8:6316:8BEC 290367 wikitext text/x-wiki {{taxobox | color = lightgreen | name = Mga tinanom | fossil_range = <br/>Kapinunan na Cambrian hasta kansuarin, {{Fossil range|520|0}} | image = Diversity of plants (Streptophyta) version 2.png | image_width = 250px | image_caption = | taxon = Plantae | authority = [[Ernst Haeckel|Haeckel]], 1866<ref>{{cite book | author = Haeckel G | year = 1866 | title = Generale Morphologie der Organismen | publisher = Verlag von Georg Reimer | location = Berlin | pages = vol.1: i–xxxii, 1–574, pls I–II; vol. 2: i–clx, 1–462, pls I–VIII}}</ref> | subdivision_ranks = Mga dibisyon | subdivision = '''[[Green algae|Berdeng algae]]''' * [[Chlorophyta]] * [[Charophyta]] '''[[Embryophyte|Mga tinanom na pangdaga]] (embryophytes)''' * '''[[Bryophyte|Non-vascular land plants]] (bryophytes)''' ** [[Marchantiophyta]]—liverworts ** [[Hornwort|Anthocerotophyta]]—hornworts ** [[Moss|Bryophyta]]—mosses ** [[extinction|†]][[Horneophytopsida]] * '''[[Vascular plant]]s (tracheophytes)''' ** [[ekstinksyon|†]][[Rhyniophyta]]—rhyniophytes ** [[ekstinksyon|†]][[Zosterophyllophyta]]—zosterophylls ** [[Lycopodiophyta]]—clubmosses ** [[ekstinksyon|†]][[Trimerophytophyta]]—trimerophytes ** [[fern|Pteridophyta]]—ferns and horsetails ** [[ekstinksyon|†]][[Progymnospermophyta]] ** '''[[Spermatophyta|May tulang na mga tinanom]] (spermatophytes)''' *** [[ekstinksyon|†]][[Pteridospermatophyta]]—seed&nbsp;ferns *** [[Pinophyta]]—conifers *** [[Cycad]]ophyta—cycads *** [[Ginkgophyta]]—ginkgo *** [[Gnetophyta]]—gnetae *** [[Nagbuburak na tinanom|Magnoliophyta]]—nagbuburak na tinanom [[ekstinksyon|†]]'''[[Nematophytes]]''' }} An mga '''tinanom''' ([[Ingles]]: ''plant'') iyo harus multiselular na organismo, predominanteng potosintetikong eukaryotiko kan kahadean na '''Plantae'''. Sa uusipon, an mga tinanom iyo pigtatrato bilang saro sa duwang kahadean na kabali an gabos na nabubuhay na bagay na bakong [[hayop]], sagkod an gabos na [[algae]] asin [[fungi]] iyo pigtatrato bilang mga tinanom. Alagad, an gabos na presenteng depinisyon kan Plantae iyo pighahali na an fungi asin an pirang algae, pati naman an mga prokaryotiko (an [[archaea]] asin [[bakterya]]). Sa sarong depinisyon, an mga tinanom iyo minaporma sa ''Viridiplantae'' (Latinong ngaran para sa "berdeng tinanom"), sarong grupo na kabali an mga nagbuburak na mga tinanom, konipero, asin ibang himnospermo, fern, asin an saindang kaalyado, hornwort, liverwort, moss, sagkod an berdeng algae, pero dae kabali an pula asin kayumangging algae. An mga berdeng tinanom iyo nakakaguno nin kadaklan kan saindang [[enerhiya]] gikan sa liwanag kan [[saldang]] sa paagi nin [[potosintesis]] kan primerong [[kloroplasto]] na hale sa endosimbiyosis kaiba an cyanobakterya. An saindang kloroplasto may kloropilong a asin b, na minatao sainda kan berdeng kulay. An ibang tinanom iyo parasitiko o mikotropiko asin nawaran na nin ablilidad na makahimo nin normal na bilang nin [[kloropilo]] o para magpotosintesa, pero igwa man giraray nin mga burak, bunga, asin pisog. An mga tinanom iyo pigkakaraktisa nin sekswal na reproduksyon asin alternasyon kan mga henerasyon, alagad an asekswal na reproduksyon iyo nanunutaran man. Igwa nin harus 320,000 na [[espesye]] nin mga tinanom, kun sain an dakulang mayorya, mga 260–290 na ribo, nakakamokna nin pisog.<ref name="IUCNdata">{{cite web|title=Numbers of threatened species by major groups of organisms (1996–2010)|publisher=International Union for Conservation of Nature|date=11 March 2010|url=http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/summarystatistics/2010_1RL_Stats_Table_1.pdf|access-date=27 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721034312/http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/summarystatistics/2010_1RL_Stats_Table_1.pdf|archive-date=21 July 2011}}</ref> An mga berdeng tinanom iyo nakakatao nin substansyal na proporsyon kan pankinaban na molekular na oksiheno,<ref name="behrenfeld">{{cite journal|last=Field|doi=10.1126/science.281.5374.237|archive-date=25 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180925215921/https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9gm7074q|access-date=10 September 2018|url=http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/9gm7074q|bibcode=1998Sci...281..237F|issue=5374|pmid=9657713|pages=237–240|first=C.B.|volume=281|journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]]|title=Primary production of the biosphere: Integrating terrestrial and oceanic components|year=1998|author4=Falkowski, P.|author3=Randerson, J.T.|author2=Behrenfeld, M.J.|url-status=live}}</ref> sagkod iyo an basehan kan kadaklan nin ekosistema sa [[Kinaban]]. An mga tinanom na nakakamokna nin granyula, bunga, asin gulay iyo minaporma man kan basehang pantawong [[pagkakan]] asin iyo nadomestika na nin milenyang panahon. An mga tinanom iyo may manlainlain na kultural asin iba pang gamit, bilang ornamento, panghaman na materyales, pangsurat na materyales asin, sa mahiwas na baryente, sinda iyo an ginikanan nin mga bulong asin sikoaktibong druga. An siyentipikong pag-aadal kan mga tinanom iyo an [[botanika]], sarong sanga kan [[biyolohiya]]. * [[Philodendron]] == Mga panluwas na takod == {{commons category|Plantae}} * {{cite journal |author1=Jones, T.M. |author2=Reid, C.S. |author3=Urbatsch, L.E. |title=Visual study of divisional Plantae |url=http://www.herbarium.lsu.edu/keys/aca/ |access-date=2021-05-01 |archivedate=2020-04-13 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200413093738/http://www.herbarium.lsu.edu/keys/aca/ }} (requires Microsoft Silverlight) * {{cite journal|author=Chaw, S.-M.|url=http://mbe.library.arizona.edu/data/1997/1401/7chaw.pdf|title=Molecular Phylogeny of Extant Gymnosperms and Seed Plant Evolution: Analysis of Nuclear 18s rRNA Sequences|journal=Mol. Biol. Evol.|volume=14|issue=1|pages=56–68|year=1997|pmid=9000754|doi=10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a025702|display-authors=etal|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050124004310/http://mbe.library.arizona.edu/data/1997/1401/7chaw.pdf|archive-date=24 January 2005}} * [http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/INA.html Index Nominum Algarum] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060210225113/http://florabase.calm.wa.gov.au/phylogeny/cronq88.html Interactive Cronquist classification] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100611054707/http://www.prota.org/uk/about+prota/ Plant Resources of Tropical Africa] * [http://tolweb.org/Green_plants Tree of Life] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150630151027/http://tolweb.org/Green_plants |date=2015-06-30 }} == Toltolan == {{reflist}} {{agham-poon}} [[Kategorya:Biyolohiya]] pdgnt1t80l6ussam3145unppaekxay3 290385 290367 2025-07-02T00:03:56Z 2806:2F0:55C1:CC29:8C85:72C8:6316:8BEC 290385 wikitext text/x-wiki {{taxobox | color = lightgreen | name = Mga tinanom | fossil_range = <br/>Kapinunan na Cambrian hasta kansuarin, {{Fossil range|520|0}} | image = Diversity of plants (Streptophyta) version 2.png | image_width = 250px | image_caption = | taxon = Plantae | authority = [[Ernst Haeckel|Haeckel]], 1866<ref>{{cite book | author = Haeckel G | year = 1866 | title = Generale Morphologie der Organismen | publisher = Verlag von Georg Reimer | location = Berlin | pages = vol.1: i–xxxii, 1–574, pls I–II; vol. 2: i–clx, 1–462, pls I–VIII}}</ref> | subdivision_ranks = Mga dibisyon | subdivision = '''[[Green algae|Berdeng algae]]''' * [[Chlorophyta]] * [[Charophyta]] '''[[Embryophyte|Mga tinanom na pangdaga]] (embryophytes)''' * '''[[Bryophyte|Non-vascular land plants]] (bryophytes)''' ** [[Marchantiophyta]]—liverworts ** [[Hornwort|Anthocerotophyta]]—hornworts ** [[Moss|Bryophyta]]—mosses ** [[extinction|†]][[Horneophytopsida]] * '''[[Vascular plant]]s (tracheophytes)''' ** [[ekstinksyon|†]][[Rhyniophyta]]—rhyniophytes ** [[ekstinksyon|†]][[Zosterophyllophyta]]—zosterophylls ** [[Lycopodiophyta]]—clubmosses ** [[ekstinksyon|†]][[Trimerophytophyta]]—trimerophytes ** [[fern|Pteridophyta]]—ferns and horsetails ** [[ekstinksyon|†]][[Progymnospermophyta]] ** '''[[Spermatophyta|May tulang na mga tinanom]] (spermatophytes)''' *** [[ekstinksyon|†]][[Pteridospermatophyta]]—seed&nbsp;ferns *** [[Pinophyta]]—conifers *** [[Cycad]]ophyta—cycads *** [[Ginkgophyta]]—ginkgo *** [[Gnetophyta]]—gnetae *** [[Nagbuburak na tinanom|Magnoliophyta]]—nagbuburak na tinanom [[ekstinksyon|†]]'''[[Nematophytes]]''' }} An mga '''tinanom''' ([[Ingles]]: ''plant'') iyo harus multiselular na organismo, predominanteng potosintetikong eukaryotiko kan kahadean na '''Plantae'''. Sa uusipon, an mga tinanom iyo pigtatrato bilang saro sa duwang kahadean na kabali an gabos na nabubuhay na bagay na bakong [[hayop]], sagkod an gabos na [[algae]] asin [[fungi]] iyo pigtatrato bilang mga tinanom. Alagad, an gabos na presenteng depinisyon kan Plantae iyo pighahali na an fungi asin an pirang algae, pati naman an mga prokaryotiko (an [[archaea]] asin [[bakterya]]). Sa sarong depinisyon, an mga tinanom iyo minaporma sa ''Viridiplantae'' (Latinong ngaran para sa "berdeng tinanom"), sarong grupo na kabali an mga nagbuburak na mga tinanom, konipero, asin ibang himnospermo, fern, asin an saindang kaalyado, hornwort, liverwort, moss, sagkod an berdeng algae, pero dae kabali an pula asin kayumangging algae. An mga berdeng tinanom iyo nakakaguno nin kadaklan kan saindang [[enerhiya]] gikan sa liwanag kan [[saldang]] sa paagi nin [[potosintesis]] kan primerong [[kloroplasto]] na hale sa endosimbiyosis kaiba an cyanobakterya. An saindang kloroplasto may kloropilong a asin b, na minatao sainda kan berdeng kulay. An ibang tinanom iyo parasitiko o mikotropiko asin nawaran na nin ablilidad na makahimo nin normal na bilang nin [[kloropilo]] o para magpotosintesa, pero igwa man giraray nin mga burak, bunga, asin pisog. An mga tinanom iyo pigkakaraktisa nin sekswal na reproduksyon asin alternasyon kan mga henerasyon, alagad an asekswal na reproduksyon iyo nanunutaran man. Igwa nin harus 320,000 na [[espesye]] nin mga tinanom, kun sain an dakulang mayorya, mga 260–290 na ribo, nakakamokna nin pisog.<ref name="IUCNdata">{{cite web|title=Numbers of threatened species by major groups of organisms (1996–2010)|publisher=International Union for Conservation of Nature|date=11 March 2010|url=http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/summarystatistics/2010_1RL_Stats_Table_1.pdf|access-date=27 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721034312/http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/summarystatistics/2010_1RL_Stats_Table_1.pdf|archive-date=21 July 2011}}</ref> An mga berdeng tinanom iyo nakakatao nin substansyal na proporsyon kan pankinaban na molekular na oksiheno,<ref name="behrenfeld">{{cite journal|last=Field|doi=10.1126/science.281.5374.237|archive-date=25 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180925215921/https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9gm7074q|access-date=10 September 2018|url=http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/9gm7074q|bibcode=1998Sci...281..237F|issue=5374|pmid=9657713|pages=237–240|first=C.B.|volume=281|journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]]|title=Primary production of the biosphere: Integrating terrestrial and oceanic components|year=1998|author4=Falkowski, P.|author3=Randerson, J.T.|author2=Behrenfeld, M.J.|url-status=live}}</ref> sagkod iyo an basehan kan kadaklan nin ekosistema sa [[Kinaban]]. An mga tinanom na nakakamokna nin granyula, bunga, asin gulay iyo minaporma man kan basehang pantawong [[pagkakan]] asin iyo nadomestika na nin milenyang panahon. An mga tinanom iyo may manlainlain na kultural asin iba pang gamit, bilang ornamento, panghaman na materyales, pangsurat na materyales asin, sa mahiwas na baryente, sinda iyo an ginikanan nin mga bulong asin sikoaktibong druga. An siyentipikong pag-aadal kan mga tinanom iyo an [[botanika]], sarong sanga kan [[biyolohiya]]. * [[Datilero]] == Mga panluwas na takod == {{commons category|Plantae}} * {{cite journal |author1=Jones, T.M. |author2=Reid, C.S. |author3=Urbatsch, L.E. |title=Visual study of divisional Plantae |url=http://www.herbarium.lsu.edu/keys/aca/ |access-date=2021-05-01 |archivedate=2020-04-13 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200413093738/http://www.herbarium.lsu.edu/keys/aca/ }} (requires Microsoft Silverlight) * {{cite journal|author=Chaw, S.-M.|url=http://mbe.library.arizona.edu/data/1997/1401/7chaw.pdf|title=Molecular Phylogeny of Extant Gymnosperms and Seed Plant Evolution: Analysis of Nuclear 18s rRNA Sequences|journal=Mol. Biol. Evol.|volume=14|issue=1|pages=56–68|year=1997|pmid=9000754|doi=10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a025702|display-authors=etal|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050124004310/http://mbe.library.arizona.edu/data/1997/1401/7chaw.pdf|archive-date=24 January 2005}} * [http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/INA.html Index Nominum Algarum] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060210225113/http://florabase.calm.wa.gov.au/phylogeny/cronq88.html Interactive Cronquist classification] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100611054707/http://www.prota.org/uk/about+prota/ Plant Resources of Tropical Africa] * [http://tolweb.org/Green_plants Tree of Life] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150630151027/http://tolweb.org/Green_plants |date=2015-06-30 }} == Toltolan == {{reflist}} {{agham-poon}} [[Kategorya:Biyolohiya]] r3b8dnizuscyrhy25c42hxl8zgfb0h5 290387 290385 2025-07-02T00:14:39Z 2806:2F0:55C1:CC29:8C85:72C8:6316:8BEC 290387 wikitext text/x-wiki {{taxobox | color = lightgreen | name = Mga tinanom | fossil_range = <br/>Kapinunan na Cambrian hasta kansuarin, {{Fossil range|520|0}} | image = Diversity of plants (Streptophyta) version 2.png | image_width = 250px | image_caption = | taxon = Plantae | authority = [[Ernst Haeckel|Haeckel]], 1866<ref>{{cite book | author = Haeckel G | year = 1866 | title = Generale Morphologie der Organismen | publisher = Verlag von Georg Reimer | location = Berlin | pages = vol.1: i–xxxii, 1–574, pls I–II; vol. 2: i–clx, 1–462, pls I–VIII}}</ref> | subdivision_ranks = Mga dibisyon | subdivision = '''[[Green algae|Berdeng algae]]''' * [[Chlorophyta]] * [[Charophyta]] '''[[Embryophyte|Mga tinanom na pangdaga]] (embryophytes)''' * '''[[Bryophyte|Non-vascular land plants]] (bryophytes)''' ** [[Marchantiophyta]]—liverworts ** [[Hornwort|Anthocerotophyta]]—hornworts ** [[Moss|Bryophyta]]—mosses ** [[extinction|†]][[Horneophytopsida]] * '''[[Vascular plant]]s (tracheophytes)''' ** [[ekstinksyon|†]][[Rhyniophyta]]—rhyniophytes ** [[ekstinksyon|†]][[Zosterophyllophyta]]—zosterophylls ** [[Lycopodiophyta]]—clubmosses ** [[ekstinksyon|†]][[Trimerophytophyta]]—trimerophytes ** [[fern|Pteridophyta]]—ferns and horsetails ** [[ekstinksyon|†]][[Progymnospermophyta]] ** '''[[Spermatophyta|May tulang na mga tinanom]] (spermatophytes)''' *** [[ekstinksyon|†]][[Pteridospermatophyta]]—seed&nbsp;ferns *** [[Pinophyta]]—conifers *** [[Cycad]]ophyta—cycads *** [[Ginkgophyta]]—ginkgo *** [[Gnetophyta]]—gnetae *** [[Nagbuburak na tinanom|Magnoliophyta]]—nagbuburak na tinanom [[ekstinksyon|†]]'''[[Nematophytes]]''' }} An mga '''tinanom''' ([[Ingles]]: ''plant'') iyo harus multiselular na organismo, predominanteng potosintetikong eukaryotiko kan kahadean na '''Plantae'''. Sa uusipon, an mga tinanom iyo pigtatrato bilang saro sa duwang kahadean na kabali an gabos na nabubuhay na bagay na bakong [[hayop]], sagkod an gabos na [[algae]] asin [[fungi]] iyo pigtatrato bilang mga tinanom. Alagad, an gabos na presenteng depinisyon kan Plantae iyo pighahali na an fungi asin an pirang algae, pati naman an mga prokaryotiko (an [[archaea]] asin [[bakterya]]). Sa sarong depinisyon, an mga tinanom iyo minaporma sa ''Viridiplantae'' (Latinong ngaran para sa "berdeng tinanom"), sarong grupo na kabali an mga nagbuburak na mga tinanom, konipero, asin ibang himnospermo, fern, asin an saindang kaalyado, hornwort, liverwort, moss, sagkod an berdeng algae, pero dae kabali an pula asin kayumangging algae. An mga berdeng tinanom iyo nakakaguno nin kadaklan kan saindang [[enerhiya]] gikan sa liwanag kan [[saldang]] sa paagi nin [[potosintesis]] kan primerong [[kloroplasto]] na hale sa endosimbiyosis kaiba an cyanobakterya. An saindang kloroplasto may kloropilong a asin b, na minatao sainda kan berdeng kulay. An ibang tinanom iyo parasitiko o mikotropiko asin nawaran na nin ablilidad na makahimo nin normal na bilang nin [[kloropilo]] o para magpotosintesa, pero igwa man giraray nin mga burak, bunga, asin pisog. An mga tinanom iyo pigkakaraktisa nin sekswal na reproduksyon asin alternasyon kan mga henerasyon, alagad an asekswal na reproduksyon iyo nanunutaran man. Igwa nin harus 320,000 na [[espesye]] nin mga tinanom, kun sain an dakulang mayorya, mga 260–290 na ribo, nakakamokna nin pisog.<ref name="IUCNdata">{{cite web|title=Numbers of threatened species by major groups of organisms (1996–2010)|publisher=International Union for Conservation of Nature|date=11 March 2010|url=http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/summarystatistics/2010_1RL_Stats_Table_1.pdf|access-date=27 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721034312/http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/summarystatistics/2010_1RL_Stats_Table_1.pdf|archive-date=21 July 2011}}</ref> An mga berdeng tinanom iyo nakakatao nin substansyal na proporsyon kan pankinaban na molekular na oksiheno,<ref name="behrenfeld">{{cite journal|last=Field|doi=10.1126/science.281.5374.237|archive-date=25 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180925215921/https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9gm7074q|access-date=10 September 2018|url=http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/9gm7074q|bibcode=1998Sci...281..237F|issue=5374|pmid=9657713|pages=237–240|first=C.B.|volume=281|journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]]|title=Primary production of the biosphere: Integrating terrestrial and oceanic components|year=1998|author4=Falkowski, P.|author3=Randerson, J.T.|author2=Behrenfeld, M.J.|url-status=live}}</ref> sagkod iyo an basehan kan kadaklan nin ekosistema sa [[Kinaban]]. An mga tinanom na nakakamokna nin granyula, bunga, asin gulay iyo minaporma man kan basehang pantawong [[pagkakan]] asin iyo nadomestika na nin milenyang panahon. An mga tinanom iyo may manlainlain na kultural asin iba pang gamit, bilang ornamento, panghaman na materyales, pangsurat na materyales asin, sa mahiwas na baryente, sinda iyo an ginikanan nin mga bulong asin sikoaktibong druga. An siyentipikong pag-aadal kan mga tinanom iyo an [[botanika]], sarong sanga kan [[biyolohiya]]. * [[Higeriya]] == Mga panluwas na takod == {{commons category|Plantae}} * {{cite journal |author1=Jones, T.M. |author2=Reid, C.S. |author3=Urbatsch, L.E. |title=Visual study of divisional Plantae |url=http://www.herbarium.lsu.edu/keys/aca/ |access-date=2021-05-01 |archivedate=2020-04-13 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200413093738/http://www.herbarium.lsu.edu/keys/aca/ }} (requires Microsoft Silverlight) * {{cite journal|author=Chaw, S.-M.|url=http://mbe.library.arizona.edu/data/1997/1401/7chaw.pdf|title=Molecular Phylogeny of Extant Gymnosperms and Seed Plant Evolution: Analysis of Nuclear 18s rRNA Sequences|journal=Mol. Biol. Evol.|volume=14|issue=1|pages=56–68|year=1997|pmid=9000754|doi=10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a025702|display-authors=etal|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050124004310/http://mbe.library.arizona.edu/data/1997/1401/7chaw.pdf|archive-date=24 January 2005}} * [http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/INA.html Index Nominum Algarum] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060210225113/http://florabase.calm.wa.gov.au/phylogeny/cronq88.html Interactive Cronquist classification] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100611054707/http://www.prota.org/uk/about+prota/ Plant Resources of Tropical Africa] * [http://tolweb.org/Green_plants Tree of Life] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150630151027/http://tolweb.org/Green_plants |date=2015-06-30 }} == Toltolan == {{reflist}} {{agham-poon}} [[Kategorya:Biyolohiya]] fhk3s160pw4kwfaas9w7bn1ak593wts 290389 290387 2025-07-02T00:22:54Z 2806:2F0:55C1:CC29:8C85:72C8:6316:8BEC 290389 wikitext text/x-wiki {{taxobox | color = lightgreen | name = Mga tinanom | fossil_range = <br/>Kapinunan na Cambrian hasta kansuarin, {{Fossil range|520|0}} | image = Diversity of plants (Streptophyta) version 2.png | image_width = 250px | image_caption = | taxon = Plantae | authority = [[Ernst Haeckel|Haeckel]], 1866<ref>{{cite book | author = Haeckel G | year = 1866 | title = Generale Morphologie der Organismen | publisher = Verlag von Georg Reimer | location = Berlin | pages = vol.1: i–xxxii, 1–574, pls I–II; vol. 2: i–clx, 1–462, pls I–VIII}}</ref> | subdivision_ranks = Mga dibisyon | subdivision = '''[[Green algae|Berdeng algae]]''' * [[Chlorophyta]] * [[Charophyta]] '''[[Embryophyte|Mga tinanom na pangdaga]] (embryophytes)''' * '''[[Bryophyte|Non-vascular land plants]] (bryophytes)''' ** [[Marchantiophyta]]—liverworts ** [[Hornwort|Anthocerotophyta]]—hornworts ** [[Moss|Bryophyta]]—mosses ** [[extinction|†]][[Horneophytopsida]] * '''[[Vascular plant]]s (tracheophytes)''' ** [[ekstinksyon|†]][[Rhyniophyta]]—rhyniophytes ** [[ekstinksyon|†]][[Zosterophyllophyta]]—zosterophylls ** [[Lycopodiophyta]]—clubmosses ** [[ekstinksyon|†]][[Trimerophytophyta]]—trimerophytes ** [[fern|Pteridophyta]]—ferns and horsetails ** [[ekstinksyon|†]][[Progymnospermophyta]] ** '''[[Spermatophyta|May tulang na mga tinanom]] (spermatophytes)''' *** [[ekstinksyon|†]][[Pteridospermatophyta]]—seed&nbsp;ferns *** [[Pinophyta]]—conifers *** [[Cycad]]ophyta—cycads *** [[Ginkgophyta]]—ginkgo *** [[Gnetophyta]]—gnetae *** [[Nagbuburak na tinanom|Magnoliophyta]]—nagbuburak na tinanom [[ekstinksyon|†]]'''[[Nematophytes]]''' }} An mga '''tinanom''' ([[Ingles]]: ''plant'') iyo harus multiselular na organismo, predominanteng potosintetikong eukaryotiko kan kahadean na '''Plantae'''. Sa uusipon, an mga tinanom iyo pigtatrato bilang saro sa duwang kahadean na kabali an gabos na nabubuhay na bagay na bakong [[hayop]], sagkod an gabos na [[algae]] asin [[fungi]] iyo pigtatrato bilang mga tinanom. Alagad, an gabos na presenteng depinisyon kan Plantae iyo pighahali na an fungi asin an pirang algae, pati naman an mga prokaryotiko (an [[archaea]] asin [[bakterya]]). Sa sarong depinisyon, an mga tinanom iyo minaporma sa ''Viridiplantae'' (Latinong ngaran para sa "berdeng tinanom"), sarong grupo na kabali an mga nagbuburak na mga tinanom, konipero, asin ibang himnospermo, fern, asin an saindang kaalyado, hornwort, liverwort, moss, sagkod an berdeng algae, pero dae kabali an pula asin kayumangging algae. An mga berdeng tinanom iyo nakakaguno nin kadaklan kan saindang [[enerhiya]] gikan sa liwanag kan [[saldang]] sa paagi nin [[potosintesis]] kan primerong [[kloroplasto]] na hale sa endosimbiyosis kaiba an cyanobakterya. An saindang kloroplasto may kloropilong a asin b, na minatao sainda kan berdeng kulay. An ibang tinanom iyo parasitiko o mikotropiko asin nawaran na nin ablilidad na makahimo nin normal na bilang nin [[kloropilo]] o para magpotosintesa, pero igwa man giraray nin mga burak, bunga, asin pisog. An mga tinanom iyo pigkakaraktisa nin sekswal na reproduksyon asin alternasyon kan mga henerasyon, alagad an asekswal na reproduksyon iyo nanunutaran man. Igwa nin harus 320,000 na [[espesye]] nin mga tinanom, kun sain an dakulang mayorya, mga 260–290 na ribo, nakakamokna nin pisog.<ref name="IUCNdata">{{cite web|title=Numbers of threatened species by major groups of organisms (1996–2010)|publisher=International Union for Conservation of Nature|date=11 March 2010|url=http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/summarystatistics/2010_1RL_Stats_Table_1.pdf|access-date=27 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721034312/http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/summarystatistics/2010_1RL_Stats_Table_1.pdf|archive-date=21 July 2011}}</ref> An mga berdeng tinanom iyo nakakatao nin substansyal na proporsyon kan pankinaban na molekular na oksiheno,<ref name="behrenfeld">{{cite journal|last=Field|doi=10.1126/science.281.5374.237|archive-date=25 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180925215921/https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9gm7074q|access-date=10 September 2018|url=http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/9gm7074q|bibcode=1998Sci...281..237F|issue=5374|pmid=9657713|pages=237–240|first=C.B.|volume=281|journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]]|title=Primary production of the biosphere: Integrating terrestrial and oceanic components|year=1998|author4=Falkowski, P.|author3=Randerson, J.T.|author2=Behrenfeld, M.J.|url-status=live}}</ref> sagkod iyo an basehan kan kadaklan nin ekosistema sa [[Kinaban]]. An mga tinanom na nakakamokna nin granyula, bunga, asin gulay iyo minaporma man kan basehang pantawong [[pagkakan]] asin iyo nadomestika na nin milenyang panahon. An mga tinanom iyo may manlainlain na kultural asin iba pang gamit, bilang ornamento, panghaman na materyales, pangsurat na materyales asin, sa mahiwas na baryente, sinda iyo an ginikanan nin mga bulong asin sikoaktibong druga. An siyentipikong pag-aadal kan mga tinanom iyo an [[botanika]], sarong sanga kan [[biyolohiya]]. == Mga panluwas na takod == {{commons category|Plantae}} * {{cite journal |author1=Jones, T.M. |author2=Reid, C.S. |author3=Urbatsch, L.E. |title=Visual study of divisional Plantae |url=http://www.herbarium.lsu.edu/keys/aca/ |access-date=2021-05-01 |archivedate=2020-04-13 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200413093738/http://www.herbarium.lsu.edu/keys/aca/ }} (requires Microsoft Silverlight) * {{cite journal|author=Chaw, S.-M.|url=http://mbe.library.arizona.edu/data/1997/1401/7chaw.pdf|title=Molecular Phylogeny of Extant Gymnosperms and Seed Plant Evolution: Analysis of Nuclear 18s rRNA Sequences|journal=Mol. Biol. Evol.|volume=14|issue=1|pages=56–68|year=1997|pmid=9000754|doi=10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a025702|display-authors=etal|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050124004310/http://mbe.library.arizona.edu/data/1997/1401/7chaw.pdf|archive-date=24 January 2005}} * [http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/INA.html Index Nominum Algarum] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060210225113/http://florabase.calm.wa.gov.au/phylogeny/cronq88.html Interactive Cronquist classification] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100611054707/http://www.prota.org/uk/about+prota/ Plant Resources of Tropical Africa] * [http://tolweb.org/Green_plants Tree of Life] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150630151027/http://tolweb.org/Green_plants |date=2015-06-30 }} == Toltolan == {{reflist}} {{agham-poon}} [[Kategorya:Biyolohiya]] fls4pki89iiemt1pqxojbz1qek2p7pi 0 28160 290433 282102 2025-07-02T10:28:33Z InternetArchiveBot 17127 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 290433 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox school|district=Naga North District IV|motto=Service For God and Man|other_names=Sayans, City Sci|zipcode=4400|address=Leon SA Aureus St., Gimenez Park Subdivision, Balatas, Syudad nin Naga, Camarines Sur, Rehiyon kan Bikol, Filipinas|coordinates=13°37′42″N 123°12′19″E|schooltype=Halangkaw na Eskwelahang Pang-Siyensiya|logo=|logo_alt=Naga_City_Science_High_School_New_Logo|image=|caption=Dating logo kan Naga City Science High School|established=1994|superintendent=Susan S. Collano|principal=Michael A. Del Rosario PhD, CESE|principal_label=Public Schools District Supervisor|grades=7 sagkod 12|enrolment_as_of=Taong Panukduan 2022-2023|students_as_of=1000|area=1.8 ektarya|colors=Asul, Puti|song=NCSHS March|publication='The Naguenian' (English), 'Ang Naguenian' (Filipino)|principal1= Baby Ruby F. Laurente|principal_label1=Prinsipal|principal_label2=School ID|principal2=302268}} An '''Naga City Science High School''' o an '''Halangkaw na Eskwelahang Pang-Siyensya kan Syudad nin Naga''' saro sa mga pampublikong hayskul sa irarom kan [[Departamento kan Edukasyon]] sa [[DepEd Naga City|Dibisyon kan Syudad nin Naga]]. Namumugtak ini sa Leon SA Aureus St., Gimenez Park Subdivision, Balatas, [[Syudad nin Naga]], [[Camarines Sur]], [[Filipinas]]<ref>[https://www.depednaga.ph/?page_id=1110 "Naga City Science HS"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230818150817/https://www.depednaga.ph/?page_id=1110 |date=2023-08-18 }}. DepEd Naga.</ref>. == Uusipon == An Naga City Science High School naitugdas huli sa pagsunod kan [[Syudad nin Naga]] sa kasuguan kan ''Department of Education, Culture and Sports'' ([[Departamento kan Edukasyon]] ngonian), partikularmente an DECS Order Nos. 5, s. 1989, 19-a, s.1994 asin 69, s.1993, manungod sa pagpatindog nin mga pang-siyensyang [[eskwelahan]] sa [[nasyon]]. An [[Departamento kan Edukasyon|departamento]] nagkaigwa nin inisyatibo na magmukna nin halangkaw na [[Eskwelahan|eskwelahang]] pang-siyensya, sa pakikipagtabangan sa [[Departamento kan Siyensya asin Teknolohiya (Filipinas)|Departmento kan Siyensya asin Teknolohiya]] (DOST) bilang simbag sa pangapudan na maipadagos an paggiya asin pagmolde nin mga jovenes para sa futuro kan komunidad<ref name=":0">Naguenian (20 Agosto 2020). "[https://web.facebook.com/watch/?ref=search&v=333508824668724&external_log_id=7eed5350-db1f-4a3b-a1ce-6dad6f7b635f&q=naga%20city%20science%20high%20school THROWBACK TO HISTORY: NCSHS through the years"]. Facebook.</ref>. Sa kusog kan Resolusyon Num. 94-030, an mga miyembro kan Ikaapat na Sangguniang Panlunsod nagtugot kan Pebrero 2, 1994 na an [[Alkalde kan Syudad nin Naga|alkalde]] kan syudad na si [[Jesse Robredo|Jesse M. Robredo]] (dating secretario kan DILG), matawan nin awtoridad na makipagnegosyar sa DECS para sa pagtugdas kan halangkaw na [[Eskwelahan|eskwelahang]] pang-siyensya sa [[Syudad nin Naga]], sa paagi ni Dr. Elena C. Tino, Superintendente kan [[DepEd Naga City|Departamento kan Edukasyon - Dibisyon kan Syudad nin Naga]] durante kan nasambit na taon. Sa bisa man kaini, nagtagama an [[Syudad nin Naga|syudad]] nin dos milyones pesos (Php 2,000.000.00)<ref>[https://ncshs.wordpress.com/about/ "About: Naga City Science High School"]. Wordpress.</ref>. Dugang pa digdi, nagpasar an Sangguniang Panlungsod nin Resolusyon Num. 94-124 kun sain ninda ipinahayag an dakulang suporta sa eskwelahan<ref name=":0" />. Nagpuon an operasyon kan [[eskwelahan]] kan Taong Panukduan 1994-1995, na may 68 na estudyante asin duwang (2) seksyon, an I-Mars na igwang 35 estudyante asin I-Pluto na kompwesto nin 33 na estudyante. An mga inot na maestra kan eskwelahan iyo sina Alicia C. Naag, na may kapot kan Science I asin PEHM I; Sonia D. Teran, na nagtukdo nin ''English'' asin ''Speech''; Victoria C. Israel, na kapot an [[Matematika]] asin ''THE''; asin Anita V. Ombao, paratukdo kan [[Tataramon na Filipino|Filipino]], ''Social Studies'', asin ''Values Education''. Nagserbi komo ''administrator'' kan eslwelahan si Rosa B. Perez, Principal IV kan Camarines Sur National High School, hasta sa magretiro ini kan Agusto 1994. Sinanlian siya ni Dr. Lydia A. Templonuevo, Education Supervisor I, hanggang Disyembre 1994. Kan panahon na ini, dai pa naipapatugdok an [[eskwelahan]] asin inokopar sana ninda an duwang kuwarto sa sarong edipisio sa Camarines Sur National High School<ref name=":1">Naguenian (21 Agosto 2022). [https://web.facebook.com/NaguenianSSG/videos/734349587828212/ "NCSHS Campus Tour and Introduction of Staffs"]. Facebook.</ref>. Narisibi kan eskwelahan an pormal na pag-aprobrar kan DECS sa operasyon kaini kan Disyembre 27, 1994<ref name=":0" />. Kan nagsunod na Taong Panukduan 1995–1996, nagdagdag nin 133 estudyante, alagad dai pa nahahaman an eskwelahan kaya kinaipuhan liwat na magsubli nin duwang (2) kuwarto sa Naga Central School II. Makalihis nin tolong (3) taon na mayong sadiring mga klasrum, kan 1997 binuksan an kampus kan eskwelahan na nakatugdok sa 1.8 ektaryang lote sa Brgy. Balatas, [[Syudad nin Naga]]<ref name=":0" />. Kan 1998, sarong kongresista an nagpasar nin propwestong ley na nagtutulod na gibuhong pangnasyunal na [[eskwelahan]] an NCSHS asin kan taong 2000 nagin ganap na pangnasyunal na sekondaryang eskwelahan an '''Halangkaw na Eskwelahang pang-Siyensya kan Syudad nin Naga'''<ref name=":0" />. Inot na pinamayuhan an eskwelahan ni Leonor Fresnido, ''officer-in-charge''; sinalidahan siya ni Dr. Sonia Teran, ''officer-in-charge''; sunod ki Dr. Teran si Marcelino Relayo; sinanlian siya ni Sulficio Alferez III; asin nagbalik liwat si Dr. Sonia Teran. Puon kan 2020 hasta sa presente, an prinsipal kan eskwelahan iyo si Erwin de los Reyes<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />. == Kurikulum == '''Junior High School''' An [[Naga City Science High School]] igwang kurikulum na nakatutok sa [[Siyensya]], [[Matematika]] asin [[Tataramon na Ingles|Ingles]], dugang sa rekisito kan ''New Secondary Education Curriculum'' (NSEC). Kun an NSEC igwa nin sampulong (10) periodo (400 minuto o 6²⁄₃ oras) sa kada saro kan apat na taon sa sekondarya, an [[eskwelahan]] igwang onseng (11) periodo (448 minuto o 7¹⁄₃ oras) sa primero asin ikaduwang taon mantang doseng (12) periodo (488 minuto o 8 oras) sa ikatolo asin ikaapat na taon, siring sa oras kan mga pansiyensyang eskwelahan sa nasyon. An eksaminasyon tangani na makalaog sa [[eskwelahan]] itinatao sa mga estudyante sa ikaanom na grado na igwang magayon na akademikong rekord. Ipinapaotob man sa eskwelahan an inaapod na "'''retention policy'''," kun sain an mga estudyante na nagkaklase sa [[eskwelahan]] kinakaipuhan na magmantinir nin grado na dai mababa sa 85%<ref name=":2">Ang Naguenian (12 Abril 2023). [https://web.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=717119126875562&id=100057324443586 "ANNOUNCEMENT: ONSITE REGISTRATION FOR INCOMING GRADE 7 LEARNERS SY 2023-2024"]. Facebook. </ref>. '''Senior High School''' Kan taong 2016, kasabay kan pag-introdusir kan repormang ''Kindergarten to Grade 12'' (K to 12), nagkaigwa nin duwang dagdag na lebel sa eskwelahan — an ikakagsarong (11) grado asin ikakagduwang (12) grado o an ''Senior High School''. Duwang (2) ''strand'' sa irarom kan ''Academic Track'' an ipig-oopresir igdi, ini iyo an ''Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics'' (STEM) asin ''Accountancy, Business and Management'' (ABM)<ref name=":1" />. An mga estudyante kan ''Junior High School'' na naggraduwar sa eskwelahan, pwedeng digdi man giraray magpadagos kan saindang ''Senior High School,'' alagad nag-aako man an eskwelahan nin mga estudyanteng nasa ikasampulong (10) grado gikan sa ibang eskwelahan na mawot magklase nin ''Senior High School'' sa NCSHS, kinakaipuhan sana nindang makapasar sa eksaminasyon kan eskwelahan<ref name=":3">Naguenian (6 Abril 2023). [https://web.facebook.com/Naguenian/posts/643916114411987 "Naga City Science High School announces its online registration to incoming Grade 11 learners for School Year 2023-2024"]. Facebook.</ref>. == Kuwalipikasyon == An eksaminasyon kan mga buot na magklase sa Naga City Science High School, ginigibo tuyong ikaapat na kwarter kan Taong Panukduan. An mga rekisito para sa pagparehistro, inaanunsyar kan '''Naguenian''' (Opisyal na Publikasyon kan NCSHS) sa [https://web.facebook.com/Naguenian ''Facebook'']. An minasunod iyo an mga kuwalidad na dapat igwa an sarong estudyante na gustong makalaog sa institusyon. === Ikakagsarong (11) Grado (Senior High School) === * Sarong estudyante sa ikasampulong (10) grado hali sa ano man na pampubliko asin pribadong eskwelahan na akreditado kan DepEd. * Igwa nin ''General Average'' na 85% o mas halangkaw pa sagkod sa Ikaduwang Kuwarter kan presenteng Taong Panukduan. * Mga marka na 85% o mas halangkaw pa sa [[Tataramon na Ingles|Ingles]], [[Matematika]] asin [[Siyensya|Siyensiya]]. * Mga marka na 83%  o mas halangkaw pa sa ibang asignatura. * Mayo nin marka na hababa sa 80% sa ano man na asignatura. Para sa mga mapili nin ''strand'' na STEM: ''Research Portfolio'' (nagpapahiling nin ''research'' o siyentipikong imbestigasyon) === Ikapitong (7) Grado (Junior High School) === * Mga marka na 85% o mas halangkaw pa sa [[Tataramon na Ingles|Ingles]], [[Matematika]] asin [[Siyensya|Siyensiya]]. * Igwa nin ''General Average'' na 85% o mas halangkaw pa. * Mga marka na 83%  o mas halangkaw pa sa ibang asignatura. * Mayo nin marka na hababa sa 80% sa ano man na asignatura. == Kataytayan nin mga Ladawan == <gallery> Ladawan:Lumang ladawan kan hampangan kan Main Building kan NCSHS.jpg|link=|alt= Ladawan:Lumang ladawan kan atubangan kan Main Building kan NCSHS.jpg|link=|alt= Ladawan:Lumang ladawan kan dating entrada kan NCSHS.jpg|link=|alt= Ladawan:Lumang ladawan kan Naga City Science High School.jpg|link=|alt= </gallery> == '''''Mission-Vision Statement''''' == ''Naga City Science High School is a public school which adopts an enriched science and mathematics curriculum especially designed for intellectually promising students.'' ''The school envision itself as an institution where every student has access to science-oriented education anchored on a core of time-honored values and principles that will enable him the chance to render quality service for God and man as he lives his life to the fullest in harmony with the development, social, and moral expectations of his community and country.'' ''The school is committed to promote the integral development of its members-students, faculty and administrative and support personnel-as men and women who will live by the norms of intellectual discipline in the quest of service for God and man and as leaders and dynamic members of the Filipino society.'' ''Naga City Science High School aims to use science as a vehicle to develop among its academic members — respect for human dignity, commitment to social and moral responsibility, and perpetuation of reverence for God's creation.'' {| class="wikitable" |+ !NCSHS ''March'' |- |Sinurat ni William F. Del Rosario ''A radiant star in the heart of Bicol'' ''Your splendor we do behold'' ''You shine with everlasting grandeur'' ''Beckoning us with eminence untold'' ''Oh matrix of scientific minds'' ''To your guidance we will relent'' ''Exalting God and all of His creation'' ''Service to man'' ''A task that's heaven-sent'' ''All hail Naga City Science High School'' ''Fountain of truth'' ''Eternal source of strength'' ''With you we'll brave the veiled and nameless tracks'' ''Earth's abysses, her zeniths, breadths, and lengths'' ''All hail Naga City Science High School'' ''Fountain of truth'' ''Eternal source of strength'' ''With you we'll brave the veiled and nameless tracks'' ''Earth's abysses, her zeniths, breadths, and lengths'' ''All hail'' ''With you we'll brave the veiled and nameless tracks'' ''Earth's abysses, her zeniths, breadths, and lengths'' ''All hail Naga City Science High School'' |} == Panluwas na takod == * [https://medium.com/naguenian?fbclid=IwAR2tQ86YP9OHnHblpaDYzORb2sY9Mldtj6vTF_8vt4J1DABmbKgBhAwJ-mg Webistyo kan Naguenian (Opisyal na Publikasyon kan NCSHS sa Ingles)] * [https://web.facebook.com/Naguenian Panindog sa Facebook] ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} {{saringsing}} [[Kategorya:Mga paadalan sa Kabikolan]] 2nw3h0e6qhnzjvg4jpgfb1362ebemyd 0 40922 290411 244539 2025-07-02T05:55:46Z InternetArchiveBot 17127 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 290411 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox food|name=Karne norte|image=Cooked corned beef.JPG|image_size=250px|alternate_name=Corned beef|creator=|course=|served=|main_ingredient=Baka, asin|caption=Linutong karne norte|variations=Pagdagdag nin asukar asin espesya}} An '''karne norte''' ([[Ingles]]: ''corned beef'') iyo pig-asinan na pitso nin baka.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Corned Beef|trans-title=Karne Norte|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/corned+beef|access-date=Setyembre 17, 2021|website=www.merriam-webster.com|language=en}}</ref> Nagpoon an kaapudang ini gikan sa tataramong Kastila, asin "amihanang karne" an boot-sabihon kaini. An kaapudan man sa Ingles iyo naggikan sa darakulang asin na piggagamit sa pag-iimbak kan karne, na inaapod na "''corn''". Minsan, pigsasalakan ini nin [[asukar]] asin [[espesya]]. Pigtatampok man an karne norte bilang salak sa dakulon na mga lutuon. Igwa nin [[nitrato]] sa kadaklan nin mga resipi kaini, na nagbabalyo sa likas na [[myoglobin]] sa baka na magin [[Nitroso|nitrosomyoglobin]], na iyo nagpapakulay-rosas sa karne. An mga nitrato asin nitrite iyo nakakabawas sa pagigin delikado kan [[Botulism|botulismo]] habang inaasin sa pagpugol nin pagdakol kan ''[[Clostridium botulinum]]'',<ref>{{cite web|author=US Dept of Agriculture|title=Clostridium botulinum|url=https://www.fsis.usda.gov/wps/wcm/connect/a70a5447-9490-4855-af0d-e617ea6b5e46/Clostridium_botulinum.pdf?MOD=AJPERES|access-date=Disyembre 13, 2016|archive-date=2016-03-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303233849/http://www.fsis.usda.gov/wps/wcm/connect/a70a5447-9490-4855-af0d-e617ea6b5e46/Clostridium_botulinum.pdf?MOD=AJPERES|dead-url=yes}}</ref> pero naitakod man ini sa naglalangkaw na karautan nin [[kanser]] sa mga kino.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ingested Nitrates and Nitrites, and Cyanobacterial Peptide Toxins|trans-title=Nilamon Ang Mga Nitrates at Nitrites, at Cyanobacterial Peptide Toxins|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK326544/|access-date=Agosto 6, 2018|website=NCBI.NLM.NIH.gov|publisher=International Agency for Research on Cancer|language=en}}</ref> Kulay-abo an bakang inasin na mayong nitrato o nitrite, asin inaapod minsan na {{lang|en|New England corned beef}}.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Ewbank|first1=Mary|date=Marso 14, 2018|title=The Mystery of New England's Gray Corned Beef|trans-title=Ang Misteryo ng Kulay-abo na Karne Norte sa Bagong England|url=https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/why-ish-corned-beef-gray-new-england|access-date=Hulyo 22, 2019|website=Atlas Obscura|language=en}}</ref> Nagin sikat na pagkakan an karne norte sa mga giyera, kabali digdi an [[Enot na Gerang Pankinaban]] asin [[Ikaduwang Gerang Pankinaban]], kun nuarin nirasyon an preskong karne. Sikat pa man ini sa bilog na kinaban bilang salak sa mga pagkakan sa manlainlain na mga rehiyon asin harus parte sa modernong rasyon kan manlainlain na militar sa kinaban. == Toltolan == {{reflist}} {{pagkakan-tamboan}} 1us5cuhpomn994uu2sp6tguyff946mz 0 44322 290402 267478 2025-07-02T05:27:07Z 2806:2F0:55C1:CC29:8C85:72C8:6316:8BEC 290402 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Speciesbox |image = Triphasia trifoliata fruits.jpg |image_caption = Foliage and fruit |taxon = Triphasia trifolia |authority = ([[Nicolaas Laurens Burman|Burm.f.]]) [[Percy Wilson (botanist)|P.Wils.]] }} An '''limonsitongkastila''' o '''suwangkastila''', '''''Triphasia trifolia''''' ([[syn.]] ''Limonia trifolia'' Burm. f., ''Triphasia aurantiola'' Lour.; apod sa Ingles '''limeberry''',<ref>{{PLANTS|id=TRTR7|taxon=Triphasia trifolia|accessdate=15 December 2015}}</ref> '''lime berry''', "sweet lime") sarong species nin ''[[Triphasia]]'' sa pamilyang [[Rutaceae]], natural sa tropikal sud-subangan na [[Asya]] nangurog na sa mga [[Isla nin Indonesya]] asin [[Filipinas]] asin sa paralibot.<ref name=rhs>Huxley, A, ed. (1992). ''New RHS Dictionary of Gardening'' 3: 697. Macmillan {{ISBN|0-333-47494-5}}.</ref><ref name=hear>Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk: [http://www.hear.org/Pier/species/triphasia_trifolia.htm ''Triphasia trifolia''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230609182701/http://hear.org/pier/species/triphasia_trifolia.htm |date=2023-06-09 }}</ref> An Triphasias haraning "pinsan" nin sitrus. * [[Cymbopogon]] ==Deskripsyon== Ini matunok na [[evergreen]] na [[kagobgoban]] (hababa sanang pangangahoy) naabot 3 metro sa langkaw. An mga [[dahon|dahon]] trifoliate (tolong saranga), makilyab asin mairom na berde, lambang dahon 2–4&nbsp;cm an laba asin 1.5–2&nbsp;cm an lakbang. An [[burak]] puti, may tolong petal 10–13&nbsp;mm an laba asin 4&nbsp;mm an lakbang. An [[bunga]] mapula, makakan [[hesperidium]] 10–15&nbsp;mm diametro, nakaagid sa sadit na ''[[Sitrus]]'' na prutas. An prutas malaman-laman na an namit maharang-harang asin mauru-alsom.<ref name=rhs/><ref name=hear/><ref name=pfaf>Plants for a Future: [http://www.pfaf.org/database/plants.php?Triphasia+trifolia ''Triphasia trifolia'']</ref> <gallery> Limonsitongkastila na tinanom.jpg|limonsitongkastilang tinanom Dahon limkastla.jpg|Dahon asin sangang matunok Triphasia_trifolia_flower.jpg|T. trifolia na pamurak Triphasia_trifolia_shrub.jpg|T. trifolia na pagdadahon </gallery> ==Pagkultibar/gamit== Ini pinapatubo huli sa prutas kaini, asin napalakop naman sa mga subtropikal asin tropikal na rona' nin kinaban; ini nagin nang naturalisado sa mga sa Dagat Pasipiko.<ref name=hear/> Nanotaran man ining posibleng makadaog asin makaapi sa mga tinanom sa ibang [[Dagat Indyano]]ng mga arkipelago asin sa mga kosang lugar kan Estados Unidos poon [[Florida]] abot [[Texas]] asin sa Caribbean. An limonsitongkastila popular naman bilang [[bonsai]]. Mas tropikal sa tunay na sitrus, ini sinasaray sa mga greenhouse sa lugar kun saen an tunay na mga siyttr5us natubang. Ini may potential bilang komersyal na prutas. Dagdag pa, an dahon kaini midbid na antimicrobial nakukua sa kemikal na elemento sa burak. Igwang mga praktis sa sa North Pacific Islands kun saen ini binubulong sa lung cancer asin pneumonia. Alagad kaipohan pa an toltol na pag'adal ngani madeterminaran kun baga ini mabantig na bulong sa nasabing kamatean. An kahoy na ini kinukonsiderar na saro sanang doot sa ibang nasyon. ==Hilnga man== *[[Citrus taxonomy#Citrus relatives|Classification of Triphasia]] ==Toltolan== {{Commons category|Triphasia trifolia}} {{Reflist}} <ref></ref https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2005.11.006. {{citrus}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q3024589}} [[Kategorya:Aurantioideae]] [[Kategorya:Prutas na tropikal]] [[Kategorya:Taxa nasambit ni Nicolaas Laurens Burman]] 4q6biuh8wzafmkr94u9yzp94zgpj5a9 290404 290402 2025-07-02T05:36:01Z 2806:2F0:55C1:CC29:8C85:72C8:6316:8BEC 290404 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Speciesbox |image = Triphasia trifoliata fruits.jpg |image_caption = Foliage and fruit |taxon = Triphasia trifolia |authority = ([[Nicolaas Laurens Burman|Burm.f.]]) [[Percy Wilson (botanist)|P.Wils.]] }} An '''limonsitongkastila''' o '''suwangkastila''', '''''Triphasia trifolia''''' ([[syn.]] ''Limonia trifolia'' Burm. f., ''Triphasia aurantiola'' Lour.; apod sa Ingles '''limeberry''',<ref>{{PLANTS|id=TRTR7|taxon=Triphasia trifolia|accessdate=15 December 2015}}</ref> '''lime berry''', "sweet lime") sarong species nin ''[[Triphasia]]'' sa pamilyang [[Rutaceae]], natural sa tropikal sud-subangan na [[Asya]] nangurog na sa mga [[Isla nin Indonesya]] asin [[Filipinas]] asin sa paralibot.<ref name=rhs>Huxley, A, ed. (1992). ''New RHS Dictionary of Gardening'' 3: 697. Macmillan {{ISBN|0-333-47494-5}}.</ref><ref name=hear>Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk: [http://www.hear.org/Pier/species/triphasia_trifolia.htm ''Triphasia trifolia''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230609182701/http://hear.org/pier/species/triphasia_trifolia.htm |date=2023-06-09 }}</ref> An Triphasias haraning "pinsan" nin [[sitrus]]. ==Deskripsyon== Ini matunok na [[evergreen]] na [[kagobgoban]] (hababa sanang pangangahoy) naabot 3 metro sa langkaw. An mga [[dahon|dahon]] trifoliate (tolong saranga), makilyab asin mairom na berde, lambang dahon 2–4&nbsp;cm an laba asin 1.5–2&nbsp;cm an lakbang. An [[burak]] puti, may tolong petal 10–13&nbsp;mm an laba asin 4&nbsp;mm an lakbang. An [[bunga]] mapula, makakan [[hesperidium]] 10–15&nbsp;mm diametro, nakaagid sa sadit na ''[[Sitrus]]'' na prutas. An prutas malaman-laman na an namit maharang-harang asin mauru-alsom.<ref name=rhs/><ref name=hear/><ref name=pfaf>Plants for a Future: [http://www.pfaf.org/database/plants.php?Triphasia+trifolia ''Triphasia trifolia'']</ref> <gallery> Limonsitongkastila na tinanom.jpg|limonsitongkastilang tinanom Dahon limkastla.jpg|Dahon asin sangang matunok Triphasia_trifolia_flower.jpg|T. trifolia na pamurak Triphasia_trifolia_shrub.jpg|T. trifolia na pagdadahon </gallery> ==Pagkultibar/gamit== Ini pinapatubo huli sa prutas kaini, asin napalakop naman sa mga subtropikal asin tropikal na rona' nin kinaban; ini nagin nang naturalisado sa mga sa Dagat Pasipiko.<ref name=hear/> Nanotaran man ining posibleng makadaog asin makaapi sa mga tinanom sa ibang [[Dagat Indyano]]ng mga arkipelago asin sa mga kosang lugar kan Estados Unidos poon [[Florida]] abot [[Texas]] asin sa Caribbean. An limonsitongkastila popular naman bilang [[bonsai]]. Mas tropikal sa tunay na sitrus, ini sinasaray sa mga greenhouse sa lugar kun saen an tunay na mga siyttr5us natubang. Ini may potential bilang komersyal na prutas. Dagdag pa, an dahon kaini midbid na antimicrobial nakukua sa kemikal na elemento sa burak. Igwang mga praktis sa sa North Pacific Islands kun saen ini binubulong sa lung cancer asin pneumonia. Alagad kaipohan pa an toltol na pag'adal ngani madeterminaran kun baga ini mabantig na bulong sa nasabing kamatean. An kahoy na ini kinukonsiderar na saro sanang doot sa ibang nasyon. ==Hilnga man== *[[Citrus taxonomy#Citrus relatives|Classification of Triphasia]] ==Toltolan== {{Commons category|Triphasia trifolia}} {{Reflist}} <ref></ref https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2005.11.006. {{citrus}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q3024589}} [[Kategorya:Aurantioideae]] [[Kategorya:Prutas na tropikal]] [[Kategorya:Taxa nasambit ni Nicolaas Laurens Burman]] rx4tr159edo0gy229ep3sdzrnl638h6 0 44638 290416 256125 2025-07-02T06:41:16Z InternetArchiveBot 17127 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 290416 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Labuan | official_name = Federal Territory of Labuan<br />{{nobold|''Wilayah Persekutuan Labuan''}} | settlement_type = [[States and federal territories of Malaysia|Federal territory]] | translit_lang1 = | translit_lang1_type1 = | nickname = {{lang|zsm-Latn-MY|Pulau Mutiara Borneo}}<br />("The Pearl of Borneo") | image_skyline = {{Photomontage | photo1a = Labuan Financial Park - 01.JPG | photo1b = Labuan Malaysia War-Cemetery-02.jpg | photo2a = Labuan Malaysia Airport-01.jpg | photo2b = Labuan FerryTerminal.jpg | size = 300 | spacing = 1 | color = transparent | border = 0 }} | image_caption = '''From top, left to right:'''<br />Labuan Financial Park complex, [[Labuan War Cemetery]], [[Labuan Airport]], and Labuan Ferry Terminal | image_flag = Flag of Labuan.svg | image_seal = Seal of Labuan.svg | image_map = {{maplink|frame=yes|plain=yes|type=shape|stroke-width=2|stroke-color=#000000|zoom=8}} | image_map1 = Labuan in Malaysia (special marker).svg | map_caption1 = {{center|{{Legend inline|#C41E3A|outline=silver}} '''Labuan''' in {{Legend inline|#FFFDD0|outline=silver}} '''[[Malaysia]]'''}} | coordinates = {{coord|05|18|00|N|115|13|12|E|display=inline,title}} | seat_type = [[List of national capitals|Capital]] | seat = [[Victoria, Labuan|Victoria]]<ref>{{cite book|title=Geographical Dictionary of the World|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cVQDZFM1T2IC&pg=PA1926|publisher=Concept Publishing Company|isbn=978-81-7268-012-1|pages=1926–}}</ref> | subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]] | subdivision_name = [[Malaysia]] | government_type = [[Federal territory|Direct federal administration]] | leader_title = Administered by | leader_name = [[Labuan Corporation]] | leader_title1 = Chairman | leader_name1 = [[Anifah Aman]] | leader_title2 = CEO of Labuan Corporation | leader_name2 = Tuan Haji Rithuan bin Haji Mohd Ismail | area_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.statistics.gov.my/ccount12/click.php?id=2127 |title=Preliminary Count Report 2010 |publisher=Department of Statistics, Malaysia |page=27 |access-date=24 January 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708202650/http://www.statistics.gov.my/ccount12/click.php?id=2127 |archive-date= 8 July 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dosm.gov.my/v1/index.php?r=column/cone&menu_id=NmZ4RUtKY3ZPblVWZ0VqeXk5SEg1dz09|title=Department of Statistics Malaysia Official Portal|access-date=2023-09-04|archive-date=2023-01-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230127213859/https://www.dosm.gov.my/v1/index.php?r=column/cone&menu_id=NmZ4RUtKY3ZPblVWZ0VqeXk5SEg1dz09|dead-url=yes}}</ref> | area_magnitude = | area_total_sq_mi = | area_total_km2 = 92 | population_footnotes = <ref name="statistics">{{cite web|url=https://www.dosm.gov.my/v1/index.php?r=column/cthemeByCat&cat=430&bul_id=VTJDdStOakJJd2EwcEVVTm4yRDZSQT09&menu_id=L0pheU43NWJwRWVSZklWdzQ4TlhUUT09|title=Demographic Statistics Second Quarter 2019 Malaysia|publisher=Department of Statistics, Malaysia|access-date=16 August 2019|archive-date=3 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230203011118/https://www.dosm.gov.my/v1/index.php?r=column/cthemeByCat&cat=430&bul_id=VTJDdStOakJJd2EwcEVVTm4yRDZSQT09&menu_id=L0pheU43NWJwRWVSZklWdzQ4TlhUUT09|dead-url=yes}}</ref> | population_as_of = 2020 Census | population_total = 95120 | population_density_sq_mi = | population_density_km2 = auto | demographics1_info1 = 0.789&nbsp;(<span style="color:#0c0;">high</span>) ([[List of Malaysian states by Human Development Index|12th]]) | demographics_type1 = [[Human Development Index]] | demographics1_title1 = HDI (2019) | timezone = [[Malaysian Standard Time|MST]] | utc_offset = +8 | timezone_DST = Not observed | utc_offset1_DST = +8 | postal_code = 87xxx | area_code = 087 | registration_plate = [[Malaysian vehicle license plates|L]]<br />SL <small>(before becoming FT)</small> <!-- website, footnotes -------->| footnotes = | website = {{URL|pl.gov.my/}} }} An '''Labuan''', opisyal na '''Teritoryong Pederal kan Labuan''' ({{lang-ms|Wilayah Persekutuan Labuan}}), iyo an islang teritoryong pederal kan [[Malasya]]. An saiyang teritoryo kabali an ''Isla kan Labuan'' asin anom na saradit na mga isla, sa baybayon kan estado kan [[Sabah]] sa [[Subangan na Malasya]]. An kabisera kan Labuan iyo an [[Victoria, Labuan|Victoria]] asin midbid nin marhay huli sa offshore financial centre na nag-oopresir nin internasyunal na financial asin serbisyong pangnegosyo sa paagi kan Labuan IBFC poon kaidtong 1990 siring man an offshore support hub para sa langis sa irarom kan dagat asin mga aktibidad kan gas sa rehiyon. Saro man iyan na destinasyon kan mga turista para sa mga tawong nagbabyahe pasiring sa Sabah, mga kataraid na mga taga-Brunei asin mga scuba divers. An ngaran na ''Labuan'' naggikan sa katagang Malay na nangangahulogan na duongan.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.columbia.edu/cu/lweb/digital/collections/cul/texts/ldpd_6769878_000/pages/ldpd_6769878_000_00000209.html|title=Crawfurd, John, A descriptive dictionary of the Indian islands & adjacent countries|publisher=[[Columbia University Libraries]]|date=1856|access-date=29 April 2014|author=Bradbury & Evans|pages=203|location=London}}</ref> == Toltolan == {{reflist}} {{stub}} nd7lonan0wievol08r8ussyt0ukck0o 0 45362 290432 270487 2025-07-02T10:12:03Z InternetArchiveBot 17127 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 290432 wikitext text/x-wiki An '''Miss Earth 2023''' iyo an magigin ika-23 na [[Miss Earth]] pageant na gaganapon sa Saigon Exhibition asin Convention Center sa [[Ho Chi Minh City]], Vietnam sa Desyembre 22, 2023. Kinoronahan ni [[Mina Sue Choi]] kan South Korea an saiyang successor na si [[Drita Ziri]] kan Albania sa katapusan kan event. ==Lokasyon asin petsa== Kan Hulyo 18, 2022 sa Ho Chi Minh City, [[Lorraine Schuck]], co-founder kan Miss Earth Organization, inanunsyo na an Miss Earth 2023 gaganapon sa Vietnam sa ikaduwang pagkakataon,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nguyen |first=Duyen |date=19 July 2022 |title=Năm 2023, Việt Nam đăng cai tổ chức cuộc thi Miss Earth |trans-title=In 2023, Vietnam will host the Miss Earth contest |url=https://bazaarvietnam.vn/viet-nam-dang-cai-to-chuc-hoa-hau-trai-dat-miss-earth-2023/ |access-date=4 August 2023 |website=[[Harper's Bazaar|Harper's Bazaar Việt Nam]] |language=vi-VN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nguyen |first=Hannah |date=26 July 2022 |title=Vietnam to Host Miss Earth for The Second Time |url=https://vietnamtimes.org.vn/vietnam-to-host-miss-earth-for-the-second-time-44671.html |access-date=4 August 2023 |website=Vietnam Times |language=en |archive-date=4 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230804052054/https://vietnamtimes.org.vn/vietnam-to-host-miss-earth-for-the-second-time-44671.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref> an enot ginanap kaidtong [[Miss Earth 2010|2010]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2022-07-19 |title=Miss Earth 2023 to be held in Vietnam |url=https://www.cnnphilippines.com/entertainment/2022/7/19/Miss-Earth-2023-Vietnam-.html |access-date=2023-03-30 |website=CNN Philippines |language=en |archive-date=2022-12-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221204041845/https://www.cnnphilippines.com/entertainment/2022/7/19/Miss-Earth-2023-Vietnam-.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2022-07-18 |title=Miss Earth 2023 to be held in Vietnam |url=https://news.abs-cbn.com/life/07/18/22/miss-earth-2023-to-be-held-in-vietnam |access-date=2023-03-30 |website=ABS-CBN News |language=en}}</ref> An pageant magaganap sa 8,000-seater na teatro sa [[Nha Trang]], [[Khánh Hòa province|Khánh Hòa]],<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=24 July 2022 |title=Vietnam to host Miss Earth 2023 |url=https://en.vietnamplus.vn/vietnam-to-host-miss-earth-2023/234292.vnp |access-date=4 August 2023 |website=[[Vietnam News Agency|VietnamPlus]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=19 July 2022 |title=Miss Earth 2023 to be held in Vietnam |url=https://english.vtv.vn/news/miss-earth-2023-to-be-held-in-vietnam-20220727232639359.htm |access-date=3 August 2023 |website=[[Vietnam Television]] |language=vi}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Bracamonte |first=Earl D. C. |date=3 August 2023 |title=Miss Earth 2023 announces final competition date |url=https://www.philstar.com/lifestyle/fashion-and-beauty/2023/08/03/2285479/miss-earth-2023-announces-final-competition-date |access-date=4 August 2023 |website=[[Philippine Star]]}}</ref> Kan Hulyo 21, 2023, an Miss Earth Organization inanunsyo na an pageant magaganap sa Desyembre 16, 2023.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=21 July 2023 |title=Miss Earth 2023 to be held in Vietnam in December |work=[[ABS-CBN News]] |url=https://news.abs-cbn.com/life/07/21/23/miss-earth-2023-to-be-held-in-vietnam-in-december |access-date=4 August 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=21 July 2023 |title=Miss Earth 2023 to be held in Vietnam in December |url=https://news.abs-cbn.com/life/07/21/23/miss-earth-2023-to-be-held-in-vietnam-in-december |website=[[ABS-CBN News and Current Affairs|ABS-CBN News]]}}</ref> == Toltolan == {{reflist}} {{stub}} ecbxlkejyonn0gv9jpe6bqy9axv4h9y 0 46356 290400 267136 2025-07-02T03:16:44Z InternetArchiveBot 17127 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 290400 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Bukid |name=Jabal al-Nour |native_name={{native name|ar|جَبَل ٱلنُّوْر}} |photo=Jabbal An-Nour - Makkah (2241558560).jpg |photo_caption=Jabal al-Nour harani sa [[Mecca]] |elevation_m=642 |elevation_ref= |prominence_m= |prominence_ref= |listing= |location=[[Makkah Province]], [[Hejaz]], [[Saudi Arabia]] |coordinates={{coord|21|27|29|N|39|51|41|E|type:mountain_region:SA_scale:100000|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |range=[[Hijaz Mountains]] |range_coordinates= |map=Saudi Arabya |map_alt=Map of Saudi Arabia Showing the location of Jabal al-Nour |map_caption=Mapa nin Saudi Arabia pinapahiling an lokasyon kan Jabal al-Nour |map_size= |label=Jabal al-Nour |label_position=right }} Jabal al-Nour ({{lang-ar|جَبَل ٱلنُّوْر|Jabal an-Nūr|lit=Bukid nin Liwanag}} or 'Kulod kan Kaliwanagan') sarong bukid harani sa Mecca sa rehiyon nin Hejaz kan Saudi [[Saudi Arabya|Arabia]]. An bukid naghaharong kan grotto o lungib kan Hira ( {{lang-ar|غَار حِرَاء|Ghar-i-Hira|lit=Lungib nin Hira}}) na igwang dakulaon na kahulogan para sa m[[Muslim|ga Muslim]] sa bilog na kinaban, ta digdi sinasabi na an [[Islamikong propeta]] [[Muhammad kan Islam|Muhammad]] inako an enot niyang kapahayagan kan [[Quran]], na binibilog kan pinakaenot na limang [[ayat]] kan [[Al-Alaq|Surah Al-Alaq]] gikan sa anghel [[Gabriel sa Islam|Jibra'il]] (siring sa pagsayod nagkapirang eskwelahan sa pagpahayag Quran asin mga tribong Arabo; midbid man bilang Gabriel). Saro ini sa pinakapopular na atraksyon nin mga turista sa Makkah. An bukid mismo haros {{Convert|640|m|ft}} piye an langkaw; minsan pa abot saro sagkod duwang oras kaipohan sa pagsakat pasiring sa lungib. Igwang 1750 na lakdang pasakat, na dawa sa sarong angay na indibidwal, pwede mag-abot kabangang oras asin saro-may kabangang oras. == Etimolohiya == Digdi pigtutubodan na nagkaigwa si Muhammad nin kapahayagan asin nag-ako kan limang berso kan Quran, an nulod tina'wan nin titulong ''Jabal an-Nūr'' ("Bukid nin Liwanag" o "Bukid nin Kaliwanagan"). An ekperyensyang ini iyo pigmimidbid bilang kapinu'nan kan kaoahayagn; kaya an sa-ngunyan kaining pangaran. An petsa kan enot na kapahayagan kan banggi nin Agosto 10, 610 [[Anno Domini|A.D.]] o, Lunes ika-21 kan [[Ramadan]],{{Citation needed|date=March 2023}} kan si Muhammad 40 na taon sa lunar(tagbulanan), 6 bulan asin 12 aldaw an edad, i.e. 39 na taon sa solar(tag-aldaw), 3 bulan asin 22 aldaw.{{r|Mubarakpuri1998|}} == Itsura == An sarong pisikal na tampok na naiiba an Jabal al-Nour hale sa ibang kabukidan asin kabubuldan iyo an pambihirang alitoktok kaini, na ginigibo ining garo duwang bukid nasa ibabaw kan lambang saro. An alitoktok kan bukid na ini sa mabukid na desierto saro sa pinakamamundo na lugar. Alagad, an kuweba sa laog, na nakaatubang sa direksiyon kan [[Kaaba]], mas tagong-susuway pa ngani. Kan enot, mantang nakatindog sa patyo, an mga tawo makatatanaw sana sa palibot na darakulang gapo. Sa ngunyan, naheheling kan mga tawo an palibot na darakulang gapo saka edipisyo na ginatos na metro sa ibaba asin ginatos na metros hanggan dakol na kilometrong an rayo. An Hira kapwa mayong tubig o pananom na laen sa pirang tonokan. An Hira halangkaw sa Thabīr({{lang|ar|ثَبِيْر}}){{Efn|Sarong alitoktok sa lugar nin [[Mina, Saudi Arabya]].{{r|EOI2017Thabīr|}}{{r|Schadler2017Thabir|}} }} asin kinoronahan nin sarong bakilid saka mahalnas na alitoktok, na dating sinakat ni Muhammad kaibahan an nagkapirang pag-iriba.{{r|Weir_2013|}} == Geolohiya == An bukid kompuesto nin mga [[gapong intrusive igneous]], na an kadaklan iyo [[Precambrian]] an edad na magaspang na [[hornblende tonalite]], na sakop an [[granodiorite]].{{r|Youssefetal_2015|}} == Lungib nin Hira == [[Ladawan:Hira_Cave.jpg|thumb|An entrada kan Lungib kan Hira sa bukid]] An Lungib kan Hira bakong gayong signipikante bago nagkaigwang Islam, an pangaran kaini ''hira'', an kahulugan mga alahas. Sa pagsakat, mangangaipuhan nin 1750 na lakad, an lungib may sukol na {{convert|12|ft|abbr=on|order=flip}} an laba asin {{convert|5|ft|3|in|abbr=on|order=flip}} an lakbang.{{r|icoh3|}} May langkaw ining {{convert|270|m|abbr=on}}.{{r|tour2|}} Kun may ''[[Hajj]]'' (pagsongko), pinagtatantya na minaabot sa limang ribong mga bisita digdi aro-aldaw tanganing mahiling an lugar kun sain pigtutubodan na enot na pinahiling ki Muhammad an Quran kaidtong [[Laylat al-Qadr|''Laylat al-Qadr'']] (bangging mapangyari) nin anghel na si [[Gabriel|Jibreel (Gabriel)]].{{r|icoh3|}} Kadaklan kan mga Muslim dai pinagkokonsiderar an pagbisita sa lungib na maninigong kabali sa Hajj. Alagad, may mga nangagkapira na nagdidirigdi para sa personal na singgaya asin ispiritwalidad, asin dawa pa na an iba pigkokosiderar ini lugar nin pagsamba, an paghiling na ini dai nakakanigo sa [[Salafist]] na interpretasyon kan ritwal Islamiko. Dawa pa an lungib mahalaga sa ''[[As-Sīrah an-Nabawiyyah]]'' (propetikong biograpiya), dai ini pigtutulod bilang banal na lugar sa Mecca, arog kan [[Moske nin Al-Haram]], kun siring sa mga kadaklan na interpretasyon sa Islam, an parehong pagmidbid sa pagpamibi digdi arog kan sa ibang lugar sa Mecca. Bago an enot na patotoo ki Muhammad, nagkaigwa sya nin mga marungaring mga pangaturogan, kun sain may mga signos kan pagpoon kan saiyang pagkanipropeta asin an mga gapo sa Mecca mabinggar saiya nin ''[[salaam]].'' An mga pangaturugan na ini nagtagal nin anom na bulan. An nagdadakulang pangangaipo nin pagsolosolo naggiya ki Muhammad na maghanap nin seclusyon asin paghorophorop ([[Muraqabah]]) sa magapong bulod na nakapalibot kan Mecca.{{r|book_Peterson|}} Nagpapaipli siya sa lungib nin sarong bulan kada taon, na nag-aayon sa seklusyon ([[Taḥannuth|Tahannuth]]).{{efn|Dakul ining kahulugan,{{r|EOI2017Taḥannuth|}}{{r|Kister1968|}} saro kaini iyo 'pansadiring-pangangatanosan', arog kan ginigibo kan mga tribo nin [[Quraysh]] kun ''[[Jahiliyyah|Jāhiliyyah]]''.}}{{r|Tabari|}} Nagdara siya nin mga probisyon asin pinakakan an mga pobre na nagduduman sa saiya. Bago magpuli sa saiyang pamilya para sa dugang pang probisyon, sia magsisirbi nin pitong beses sa Kaaba.{{r|Tabari|}} == Taytay nin mga ladawan == <gallery mode="packed"> File:Gable Noor.JPG|Tanawon kan Jabal al-Nour File:Hira mağarası.jpg|Mga tawong nagraralaog sa Lungib nin Hira File:جبل النور مكة.jpg|Pangkagabsan na tanawon kan Jabal an-Nour File:Jabl_e_Noor.jpg|Lungib nin Hira File:Jabl_e_Noor_2.jpg|Jabal e Noor File:Great Mosque of Mecca1.jpg|Sarong ladawan kan [[Mecca]] kan 2019, mahihiling an ''[[Great Mosque of Mecca|Al-Masjid Al-Haram]]'' sa hampang, asin an Jabal an-Nour sa likodan. An [[Abu Qubays (bukid)|Jabal Abu Qubays]] nasa sirangan kan moske, sa too kan ladawan. </gallery> == Hilngon pa == {{Portal|Saudi Arabia|Geography}} * [[Biblikal na Bukid Sinai]] * [[Cumorah]] * [[Mga kabanal-banaling lugar sa Islam]] * [[Mga banal na bulod]] * [[Mga bulod nin Sarat]] == Reperensya == ===Mga nota=== <references group="lower-alpha" responsive="1"></references> ===Ginunuan=== {{Reflist|refs= <ref name="EOI2017Taḥannuth">{{citation |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopedia of Islam]] |title=Taḥannut̲h̲ |publisher=Brill |edition=2 |url=http://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/tahannuth-SIM_7304?s.num=114&s.start=100 |year=2017 |access-date=2018-04-11}}</ref> <ref name="icoh3">{{cite web|publisher=Witness-Pioneer|title=In the Cave of Hira'|url=http://www.witness-pioneer.org/vil/Books/SM_tsn/ch1s7.html|url-status=dead|access-date=2018-04-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080215232900/http://www.witness-pioneer.org/vil/Books/SM_tsn/ch1s7.html|archive-date=2008-02-15}}</ref> <ref name="Kister1968">{{citation |author=Kister, M. J. |title="Al-Taḥannuth": An Inquiry into the Meaning of a Term |website=Kister.huji.ac.il |volume=31 |number=2 |pages=223–236 |url=http://www.kister.huji.ac.il/sites/default/files/Tahannuth.pdf |year=1968 |access-date=2018-04-11 |archive-date=2018-07-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180729024113/http://www.kister.huji.ac.il/sites/default/files/Tahannuth.pdf |dead-url=yes }}</ref> <ref name="Tabari">{{Cite book|title=Ta'rīkh al-rusul wa'l-mulūk|last=al-Tabarī|first=Abū Ja'far Muhammad B. Jarīr|date=1988|publisher=State University of New York Press|editor-last=Watt|editor-first=W. Montgomery|volume=6|location=Albany, N.Y.|trans-title=The history of al-Tabarī|editor-last2=McDonald|editor-first2=M.V.}}</ref> <ref name="tour2">{{cite web|publisher=Saudi Tourism|url=http://www.sauditourism.com.sa/en/Provinces/news.aspx?NewsID=26|url-status=dead|title=Saudi Tourism|access-date=2018-04-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111008111737/http://www.sauditourism.com.sa/en/Provinces/news.aspx?NewsID=26|archive-date=2011-10-08}}</ref> <ref name="EOI2017Thabīr">{{citation |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopedia of Islam]] |title=T̲h̲abīr |publisher=[[Brill Publishers|Brill]] |edition=2 |url=http://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/thabir-SIM_7505?s.num=5 |year=2017 |access-date=2018-04-11}}</ref> <ref name="Schadler2017Thabir">{{cite book |last=Schadler |first=Peter |title=John of Damascus and Islam: Christian Heresiology and the Intellectual Background to Earliest Christian-Muslim Relations |page=158 |chapter=4 |publisher=Brill |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6NBCDwAAQBAJ |isbn=978-9004356054 |year=2017}}</ref> <ref name=book_Peterson>{{Cite book|title=Muhammad, prophet of Allah|last=Peterson|first=Daniel C.|date=2013|location=Grand Rapids, Mich.}}</ref> <ref name= Weir_2013>Weir, T. H.. "Ḥirāʾ." Encyclopaedia of Islam, First Edition (1913-1936). Edited by M. Th. Houtsma, [[T.W. Arnold]], R. Basset, R. Hartmann. Brill Online, 2013. Reference. Augustana College. 07 October 2013 <http://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-1/hira-SIM_2820></ref> <ref name=Youssefetal_2015>{{Cite journal|last1=Youssef|first1=Ahmed M.|last2=Pradhan|first2=Biswajeet|last3=Al-Kathery|first3=Mohamed|last4=Bathrellos|first4=George D.|last5=Skilodimou|first5=Hariklia D.|date=January 2015|title=Assessment of rockfall hazard at Al-Noor Mountain, Makkah city (Saudi Arabia) using spatio-temporal remote sensing data and field investigation|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1464343X1400329X|journal=Journal of African Earth Sciences|language=en|volume=101|pages=309–321|doi=10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2014.09.021|bibcode=2015JAfES.101..309Y}}</ref> <ref name="Mubarakpuri1998">{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/when-the-moon-split-a-biography-of-proph|title=When the Moon Split (A Biography of the Prophet Muhammad)|last=Mubārakpūrī|first=Ṣafī R.|date=1998|publisher=Darussalam|location=Riyadh|pages=32}}</ref> }} == Panluwas na mga takod == * [http://www.3dmekanlar.com/en/mount-hira.html 3D na Pagbiahe nin Lungib nin Hira] * [http://www.spinattic.com/tour.php?id=3213 360° Birtual na Pagbiahe kan Lungib nin Hira] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151023193351/http://www.spinattic.com/tour.php?id=3213 |date=2015-10-23 }} * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_pictures/4578168.stm#Pictures Sa ladawan: mga pagpreparar sa Hajj] (mga Ladawan #4 asin #5 gikan sa Jabal an-Nūr asin an lungib nin Hira) {{Mga bukid sa Peninsulang Arabyano}} {{Mga pinakabanal na mga sityo kan Shia Islam}} [[Kategorya:Mga banal na lugar Islamiko]] [[Kategorya:Gabriel]] [[Kategorya:Mga bulod kan Saudi Arabya]] [[Kategorya:Mga artikulong igwang teksto kan tataramon na Arabiko]] [[Kategorya:Mga tagboan sa Wikidata]] {{poon}} 40ti4ddz2kamg51ui2ef7f4k9no3raj 0 46390 290414 269448 2025-07-02T06:28:46Z InternetArchiveBot 17127 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 290414 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox prepared food | name = Kue pancong | image = Kue pancung.JPG | image_size = 240px | caption = Bagong inihurnong kue pancong. | alternate_name = Kue pancung, bandros, gandos | type = Inihurnong mahamis na keyk nin niyog | country = [[Indonesya]] | region = [[Sulnopan na Haba]], [[Jakarta]], [[Makassar]] | creator = | course = Mirendalan | served = Mainit o sa kwartong temperatura | main_ingredient = [[arina nin bagas]], mga sugok, gata nin niyog, kinudkod na niyog, asukar | variations = | similar_dish = [[kue pukis]], [[kue rangi]] | calories = | other = }} An '''''Kue pancong''''' (sa [[Tataramon na Indones|Indo]] asin [[Tataramon na Betawi|Betawi]]), '''''kue pancung''''' (sa [[Tataramon na Malayo|Malayo na Sumatra]]), '''''bandros''''' (sa [[Tataramon na Sunda|Sunda]]), '''''gandos''''' (sa [[Tataramon na Habanes|Habanes]]), o '''''buroncong''''' (in [[Tataramon na Makassares|Makassar]]) sarong ''[[kue]]'' kan [[Lutuon nin Indo|Indonesya]] o tradisyunal na mirendalan na gibo sa [[arina nin bagas]] asin sa pigbase sa niyog na [[Batter (cooking)|batter]] asin niluto sa sarong espesyal na molde nin kawali. Saro ining komon na mirendalan sa mga tradisyonal na saudan kan Indonesya. Komon na natatakod an kue pancongsa [[lutuon nin Betawi]] kan [[Jakarta]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kue Pancong|url=https://jakarta-tourism.go.id/visit/news/2018/02/kue-pancong|last=Tourism|first=jakarta|date=2018-02-28|website=jakarta-tourism.go.id|language=id|access-date=2020-06-02|archive-date=2020-02-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200215123811/http://jakarta-tourism.go.id/visit/news/2018/02/kue-pancong|dead-url=yes}}</ref> mantang an bandros, parati na natatakod sa [[lutuon nin Sunda]] kan syudad nin [[Bandung]], asin buroncong sa [[lutuon nin Makassares]] kan [[Makassar]],<ref>[http://travel.detik.com/read/2013/12/25/093100/2442689/1025/liburan-ke-makassar-wajib-berburu-kue-baroncong Baroncong - Detik Travel]</ref> bagaman an gabos minatukdo sa parehas na mainit na keyk nin niyog.<ref name="Detikfood">{{Cite web |title=Kue Bandros atau Kue Pancong, Ini Resepnya! |url=https://food.detik.com/info-kuliner/d-4899756/kue-bandros-atau-kue-pancong-ini-resepnya |last=Suharyati |first=Tri |website=detikfood |language=id |access-date=2020-06-02 |archive-date=2020-02-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200215170515/https://food.detik.com/info-kuliner/d-4899756/kue-bandros-atau-kue-pancong-ini-resepnya |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Parehas an minoldeng kawali sa [[muffin tin]] alagad igwa ining rektangulo na basin imbes na bilugan. Binibilog ini nin sarong hilera nin mga rektangulong palanggana nin sararadit na batya na may bilog na kabangang bulan na irarom, tanganing makamukna nin kabangang bulan o korteng baroto na mainit na keyk. An sarong molde nin pancong, medyo kaarog sa sarong molde nin waffle. An espesyal na kaarog-ihaw na metal na molde na ginagamit sa paggibo kan kue pancong, ginagamit man sa iba pang tradisyonal na Indo na ''kue'', kabali na an [[kue pukis]] asin [[kue rangi]], asin kaya an korte, medyo kaarog sa mga keyk na idto. Parating kinokonsederar an kue pancong na bersyon nin niyog na kue pukis na nakasusogbsa trigo. ==Mga sahog asin mga paagi nin pagluluto== [[File:Kue pamcong.jpg|thumb|right|An Kue pancong, na sarong niyog nin mainit na keyk, binudbudan nin kristal na mga tipasi nin asukar.]] Gibo an batter sa pinaghalong [[arina nin bagas]], kinudkod na hinog na nyog , mga tinipasing kristal nin [[asukar]], [[asin]], [[natok|gata kan niyog]], mga [[dahon nin pandan]] (opsyunal para sa aroma), tubig, vegetable oil o [[margarina]] para pagrasahon an minoldeng kawali .<ref name="Detikfood"/> pigwisikan an mga tipasi nin kristal na asukar bilang topping. == Talalinyahan nin sumaryo== Medyo magkaarog an kue rangi, [[kue pancong]] asin [[kue pukis]], kaya parating napapasala nin identidad an tolong mainit na keyk. An mga pangkagabsan na pagkakalain sa tanga kan tolong mainit na keyk iyo an mga minasunod:<ref>{{Cite web|title=Punya Tampilan Serupa, Apa Perbedaan Kue Pancong dan Kue Rangi?|url=https://kumparan.com/kumparanfood/punya-tampilan-serupa-apa-perbedaan-kue-pancong-dan-kue-rangi-1541661594189696788|access-date=2020-06-02|website=kumparan|language=id-ID}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" |- !Mga sahog!![[Kue rangi|Rangi]]!![[Kue pancong|Pancong]]!![[Kue pukis|Pukis]] |- |Ladawan||[[File:Rangi 170305-0093 ipb.JPG|120px]]||[[File:Kue pamcong.jpg|120px]]||[[File:Kue pukis.jpg|120px]] |- |Arina na ginagamit sa batter||almirol na [[tapioca]]||[[arinang bagas]]||[[arinang trigo]] |- |Kinudkod na niyog||Gamit||Gamit||Dai gamit |- |[[Gatas nin niyog]]||Dai gamit||Gamit||Gamit |- |[[Sugok]]||Dai gamit||Gamit||Gamit |- |[[Lebadura]]||Dai gamit||Dai gamit||Gamit |- |Basin kan minoldeng kawali||sadit, hababaw||katamtaman, hararom||katamtaman, hararom |- |Topping||likidong [[pulang asukar]]||mga tipasi nin [[asukar]]||[[sprinkles]] nin tsokolate |- |Tekstura||alang asin nangunguya||malumoy asin basa||malumoy kadaklan |- |} == Hilingon man == * [[Kue cubit]] * [[Kue putu]] * [[Serabi]] * [[Kue ape]] * [[Dorayaki]] ==Mga toltolan== {{Reflist}} ==Mga panluwas na takod== {{Commonscat|Kue pancong}} * [https://cookpad.com/id/resep/4319583-kue-pancong-kelapa resipe nin Kue pancong] * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EmcdKYz_ye8 Kue pancong video] — [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EmcdKYz_ye8 Youtube] {{pagkakan-tamboan}} [[Kategorya:Kue]] [[Kategorya:Mga kakanon na igwang niyog]] [[Kategorya:Pantinampo na kakanon sa Indonesya]] rup9z31nwy8d1nlg0o5nowcnnayyvyh 0 46680 290394 267990 2025-07-02T01:36:46Z 216.247.93.68 larendo Valdez 290394 wikitext text/x-wiki An '''Fingerprint'' iyo an sarong [[emosyon]]<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Mobbs|first=giti.ai|date=2020-01-04|title=An Atlas of Personality, Emotion and Behaviour|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=15|issue=1|pages=e0227877|url=|pmid0=31961895|pmc=6974095}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Mobbs|first=Googlebridge.com|date=2020-01-21|title=An atlas of personality, emotion and behaviour|journal=PLOS ONE|language=en|volume=15|issue=1|pages=e0227877|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0227877|issn=1932-6203|pmc=6974095|pmid=31961895|doi-access=free}}</ref> asin [[A file has been shared using Quick Sharing Talk (Ilocos.com.ph) Show All]] na karakterisado nin sarong characterized by an interes sa sekswal na mga bagay mga aktibidad, o nin sarong drive tanganing maghanap nin sekswal na bagay o tanganing magpartisipar sa mga [[Help not judge Try to understand get home (Popsilla) Mito Positano.pp]].<ref name="Regan&Atkins2006">{{cite journal|last1=Regan|first1=P.C.|last2=Atkins|first2=L.|year=2006|title=Sex Differences and Similarities in Frequency and Intensity of Sexual Desire|journal=Social Behavior & Personality|volume=34|issue=1|pages=95–101|doi=10.2224/sbp.2006.34.1.95|s2cid=29944899}}</ref> Saro iyan na aspeto nin [[Baybayin (Gif's, Timeline, Calamrien) Qwerty Ñ]], na nagkakalaen nin signipikante sa lambang indibidwal asin nagpa-fluctuate depende sa mga sirkumstansya. ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} {{stub}} 07lt9xwmnwn6gwv3hevf0b13aayqvnd 290397 290394 2025-07-02T02:30:41Z Như Gây Mê 23269 Reverted 1 edit by [[Special:Contributions/216.247.93.68|216.247.93.68]] ([[User talk:216.247.93.68|talk]]): Rvv LTA (TwinkleGlobal) 290397 wikitext text/x-wiki An '''sekswal na kamawotan''' iyo an sarong [[emosyon]]<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Mobbs|first=Anthony|date=2020-01-04|title=An Atlas of Personality, Emotion and Behaviour|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=15|issue=1|pages=e0227877|url=https://figshare.com/collections/An_Atlas_of_Personality_Emotion_and_Behaviour/4792323|language=en|doi=10.6084/m9.figshare.c.4792323.v1|pmid=31961895|pmc=6974095}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Mobbs|first=Anthony E. D.|date=2020-01-21|title=An atlas of personality, emotion and behaviour|journal=PLOS ONE|language=en|volume=15|issue=1|pages=e0227877|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0227877|issn=1932-6203|pmc=6974095|pmid=31961895|doi-access=free}}</ref> asin [[Motibasyon|kamugtakan na motibasyonal]] na karakterisado nin sarong characterized by an interes sa sekswal na mga bagay mga aktibidad, o nin sarong drive tanganing maghanap nin sekswal na bagay o tanganing magpartisipar sa mga [[sekswal na aktibidad nin tawo|sekswal na aktibidad]].<ref name="Regan&Atkins2006">{{cite journal|last1=Regan|first1=P.C.|last2=Atkins|first2=L.|year=2006|title=Sex Differences and Similarities in Frequency and Intensity of Sexual Desire|journal=Social Behavior & Personality|volume=34|issue=1|pages=95–101|doi=10.2224/sbp.2006.34.1.95|s2cid=29944899}}</ref> Saro iyan na aspeto nin [[sekswalidad nin tawo|sekswalidad]], na nagkakalaen nin signipikante sa lambang indibidwal asin nagpa-fluctuate depende sa mga sirkumstansya. ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} {{stub}} 8z39r8j9dz21k4wbc8btjsqwlhy0bxu 0 47437 290395 271512 2025-07-02T01:45:09Z InternetArchiveBot 17127 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 290395 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox writer|name=Grace Noll Crowell|image=Grace_Noll_Crowell.jpg|caption=Grace Noll Crowell|alt=Portrait of Grace Noll Crowell|birth_name=Grace Noll Crowell|birth_date={{birth date|1877|10|31|mf=y}}|birth_place=[[Inland Township, Cedar County, Iowa|Inland Township]], [[Cedar County, Iowa|Cedar County]]<br/>[[Iowa]], USA|nationality=Amerikana|death_date={{death date and age|1969|3|31|1877|10|30|mf=y}}|death_place=|resting_place=[[Sparkman-Hillcrest Memorial Park Cemetery]] sa [[Dallas]], [[Texas]]|occupation=Manrarawitdawit|genre=|movement=|spouse=Norman H. Crowell|children=|awards=}} Si '''Grace Nell Crowell''' (Oktobre 31, 1877 - Marso 31, 1969) sarong Amerikanong manrawitdawit, nagsurat kan 36 na libro nin mga tekstong inspirasyonal asin mga 5,000 na berso.<ref name="txcol">[https://baylorarchives.cuadra.com/cgi-bin/starfetch.exe?0v7QFeTLCFDF9H5G0JrlousYBa80uUcItk.5xsHNVtHAZvU4U2Au.zQOo.LSPUqmOkVXWeJquK4wHBsRnZ8ZMPXxhIPhFvoJ@a3J209uk1Q/0001f5.xml Grace Noll Crowell Papers]{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} #3359, The Texas Collection</ref> An saiyang trabaho nagluwas sa ginatos na magasin asin diyaryo. == Buhay, edukasyon, asin pamilya == Si Crowell namundag Grace Noll sa Inland Township sa Cedar County, [[Iowa]], kay Adam asin Sarah Noll. <ref name=":0">''Flowers, Betty S. (June 12, 2010).'' "Crowell, Grace Noll"''. The Handbook of Texas. Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved February 13, 2015.''</ref> Siya nag-adal sa kolehiyong Aleman-Ingles sa Wilton, [[Iowa]], asin natawan siyang B.A. kan 1901. Sa taon man sanang idto, naagom niya si Norman H. Crowell, kun sain siya may tulong aking lalaki, si Dean, Reid, asin Norton. <ref name="txcol" /><ref name=":0" /> Si Crowell asin an saiyang agom nagbalyo sa Farmington, [[Minnesota]], kun sain siya nagtatrabaho bilang teller kan bangko. Kan 1917, si Crowell asin an saiyang pamilya naglipat sa [[Texas]], inot sa [[Wichita Falls]], dangan sa [[Dallas, Texas|Dallas]], kun sain siya nag-istar sagkod na magadan. <ref name="txcol" /><ref name=":0" /> == Mga Rawitdawit == Inot na prinobaran ni Crowell an pagsurat nin rawitdawit sa edad na 8, alagad tinuyaw kan saiyang pamilya an saiyang espwerso. Sabi niya, "Dai na ako nagsurat makalihis kaidto hasta nag-abot sako an pagkamoot. Ini man pinadali asin napukawan an pagmawot na makasurat nin rawitdawit ulit."<ref>Stidger, William L.,''The Human Side of Greatness'', Harper Brothers, 1940, p. 180</ref> Kan 1906, pagkamundag kan saiyang inot na aki, siya nagkahilang nin grabe, asin dai na siya nakakahiro.<ref name="txcol"/> Sa panahon na ini nagpoon naman siyang magsurat nin rawitdawit asin an saiyang inot na berso, isinurat niya an "''The Marshland"'', mantang siya nagpapakarahay. Sinabi ni Crowell na panginot na rason an halawig niyang pagtinir asin pagtios sa manlainlain na ospital kaya siya nagsurat nin mga bersikulo nin paglaom, pasensia, asin inspirasyon; sabi niya, "Pirmi ko naiisip, 'Boot kong magsurat nin rawitdawit na makakatabang sa mga tao na arog kong nagtitios.'" <ref>Stidger, William L.,''The Human Side of Greatness'', Harper Brothers, 1940, p. 185</ref> Padagos siang nagsusurat, asin dakol sa saiyang mga gibo an sunod-sunod na ipinublikar sa mga bistong peryodiko. An saiyang inot na libro nin tulang ''White Fire'', na ipinublikar kan 1925, tinawan nin pinakainot na premyo hali sa ''Texas Poetry Society''.<ref name="txcol"/>Kan 1935, nanombrahan siyang ''Poet Laureate'' kan [[Texas]], sarong posisyon na kapot niya sa laog nin tulong taon.Tinawan siya nin onra bilang ''Golden Scrolls Medal of Honor'' bilang ''National Hero Poet'' kan 1938. Kan taon man sanang idto siya pinagdesignar na Amerikanong Ina kan Taon kan ''Golden Rule Foundation'', asin an ''American Woman'', sarong biograpikal na publikasyon, pigpili siyang saro sa sampulong ''Outstanding American Women.'' An Unibersidad nin Baylor tinawan siya nin honorary doctorate degree kan 1940.<ref name="txcol" /><ref name=":0" /> Mantang si Crowell nagiging bistado, binayaan kan saiyang agom an dati niyang karera tanganing mamaneharon an karera sa pagsurat ni Grace. Nag-ako siya si Grace nin kadakol na surat hali sa mga parabasa sa ano man na edad asin pinaghalian, asin kinua ni Norman mismo iyan tanganing maayos an komunikasyon na inaako ni Grace aroaldaw.<ref name=":0" /> Si Crowell nagsurat nin labing 35 libro nin rawitdawit, pati man mga istorya para sa mga aki asin relihiyosong debosyonal.<ref name=":0" /> Inilustrar ni [[Lee Mero]] an nagkapira sa mga libro para mga aki. An saiyang ''Mga Awit Para sa Kosog nin Boot'' nagkaugwa nin 25 na pagprint. Nagpadagos siya sa pagsurat sagkod na 86 anyos siya. "An Obra Maestra nin Dios", sarong librong debosyonal an ultimo niyang ipinublikar bago siya magadan. == Kagadanan asin pamana == Nagadan si Crowell kan Marso 31, 1969, sa edad na 91, asin inilubong sa Hillcrest Memorial Park Cemetery, sa Dallas, Texas.   <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2020)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> An ''Let the Sun Shine In'' ipigpublikar pagkagadan niya kan 1970. Kan 1977 nagluwas an sarong paimprentahan kan liwat na 1965 koleksyon nin mga tula bilang ''The Eternal Things:'' ''The Best of Grace Crowell.'' Dawa ngani an panahon naghira saiya sa estado nin sarong menor na manrawawitdawit, siya napili kan A''merica Publishers'' bilang saro sa sampulong lataw na Amerikanong Babae kan 1938, asin kan kaamayi nin 1940 inapod siyang "pinaka bisto na parasurat nin bersikulo sa Amerika".   <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="direct quote needs ref (July 2020)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> An saiyang tula na ''"Because of Thy Great Bounty"'' kabali sa 1985 Hymnbook kan [[An Simbahan ni Jesukristo nin mga Banal sa mga Huring Aldaw]], sa irarom kan titulo na "Because I Have Been Given Much" piglaag sa musika ni Philip Landgrave. [https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/music/library/hymns/because-i-have-been-given-much?lang=eng] == Mga Toltolan == <references /> == Panluwas na mga takod == * {{Find a Grave|9281}} {{Poets Laureate of Texas}}{{Poets Laureate of Texas}}{{Authority control}} [[Kategorya:Mga tao hali sa Farmington, Minessota]] [[Kategorya:Mga tao hali sa MInessota]] [[Kategorya:Mga babaeng Amerikana na Manrara]] [[Kategorya:Manrarawitdawit]] [[Kategorya:Kagadan kan 1969]] [[Kategorya:Kamundagan kan 1877]] [[Kategorya:Babaying Manrarawitdawit]] {{Tamboan}} s7l7g4z8vj2p2pk82axjiwmkj7v5ps3 0 47461 290399 287441 2025-07-02T03:04:30Z InternetArchiveBot 17127 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 290399 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ladawan:Victory of Meghanada by RRV.jpg|thumb|Meghanada o Indrajit, pagkatapos kan saiyang matrayompo laban kay Indra, inihampang si Sachi Devi kay [[Ravana]].]] An '''Meghanada''' ([[Sanskrit]]: मेघनाद, [[lit]]. 'daguldol kan mga ulap', [[IAST]]: ''Meghanāda'') na sinasayod man an '''Meghanatha''' asin pirming nasasambitan kan saiyang epithet na '''Indrajita''' ([[lit]]. 'conqueror nin [[Indra]]')<ref>''www.wisdomlib.org (28 January 2019).'' "Story of Indrajit"''. www.wisdomlib.org. Retrieved 10 September 2022.''</ref>, segun sa mga [[tekstong Hindu]], na aki ni [[Ravana]] asin an prinsipe kan korona nin [[Lanka]], na sumakop sa [[Indraloka (Langit]]).<ref>''C. G. Uragoda (2000). Traditions of Sri Lanka: A Selection with a Scientific Background. Vishva Lekha Publishers.'' ISBN''&nbsp;''<bdi>978-955-96843-0-5</bdi>''.''</ref> Siya na itinuturing na saro sa mga pinakamidbid na mandirigma sa mga tekstong Hindu. Siya na sarong panginot na tauhan na nasambit sa Indian epikong ''[[Ramayana]]''. Si Meghanada an panginot na karakter sa [[Bengali]] [[ballad]] na si ''[[Meghnad Badh Kavya]]''. Ginampanan niya an sarong aktibong papel sa mahusay na digmaan sa pagitan nin [[Rama]] asin [[Ravana]]. Nakakuha siya nin kadakol na uri nin celestial na armas poon sa saiyang Guru [[Shukra]]. An saiyang pinakatanyag na gibo na an pagkadaog sa mga devas sa langit. Gamit an [[Brahmastra]], ginadan ni Indrajita an 670 milyong [[vanaras]] sa sarong aldaw; halos puksain an kabuuan kan lahi nin vanara. Mayong mandirigma an nakamit an istatistikal na gibong ini bago sa [[Ramayana]].<ref>''C. G. Uragoda (2000). Traditions of Sri Lanka: A Selection with a Scientific Background. Vishva Lekha Publishers.'' ISBN''&nbsp;''<bdi>978-955-96843-0-5</bdi>''.''</ref> <ref>''C. G. Uragoda (2000). Traditions of Sri Lanka: A Selection with a Scientific Background. Vishva Lekha Publishers.'' ISBN''&nbsp;''<bdi>978-955-96843-0-5</bdi>''.''</ref><ref>''C. G. Uragoda (2000). Traditions of Sri Lanka: A Selection with a Scientific Background. Vishva Lekha Publishers.'' ISBN''&nbsp;''<bdi>978-955-96843-0-5</bdi>''.''</ref>Siya an saro sanang mandirigma sa gabos na Ramayana na nadaog pareho sinda [[Rama]] asin [[Lakshmana]] nin duwang beses habang pareho sindang armado sa paagi nin paggibo sa sainda na mayong malay sa sarong labanan sa tabang kan mga astra asin pangkukulam (sarong beses sa paagi kan paggamit nin "Nagapashastra" asin saro pang pagkakataon sa paagi nin paggamit kan Brahmastra). Siya na sinasabing mas makapangyarihan asin nakahihigit na mandirigma kaysa sa saiyang ama na si [[Ravana]] ni [[Brahma]] asin [[Agastya]]. Siya an tanging mandirigma sa buong teksto nin Hindu na nagtataglay nin gabos kan tatlong "[[Trimurti]] astras", boot sabihon, [[Brahmastra, Vaishnavastra,]] asin [[Pashupatastra]].<ref>''DUTT, MANMATHA NATH (1894). The Ramayana. CALCUTTA: Elysium Press.''</ref> == Etymolohiya == Si Indrajita na may espesyal na kakayahang lumaban poon sa langit, nakatago sa likod kan mga ulap. Yan an dahilan kun tano parehong nadaog sinda [[Rama]] asin [[Lakshmana]] sa panahon nin labanan asin binugkos kan halas. Sa Sanskrit, an literal na salin nin pangarang "Indrajita" (इन्द्रजित) na binanggit bilang "Mananakop kan [[Indra]]. Dinaog niya si Indra, an hari kan mga [[devas]], pagkatapos na nabisto siya bilang "Indrajita" (an mananakop kan Indra ). Bisto man siya bilang Shakrajit, Ravani, Vasavajit, Varidanada, asin Ghananada. == Amay na Buhay == [[Ladawan:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangfiguur_van_perkament_voorstellende_Indrajit_TMnr_8-302.jpg|thumb|250x250px|Wayang Figress nin Indrajita.]] Si Indrajita an pinakamatuang aki ni Ravana asin kan saiyang agom na si Mandodari. Pigngaranan siyang Meghanada pagkatapos pagkamundag niya ta an saiyang kamundagan garo nang makusog. Kan si Meghanada mamundag, minawot ni Ravana na magin supremo an saiyang aki tanganing mayo nin siisay man sa kinaban an madaog saiya. Gusto ni Ravana na an saiyang aki iyo an magin pinaka - pangenot na parapakilaban asin labi - labing may kaaraman. Dakulang astrologo si Ravana. Tanganing gibohon na inmortal an saiyang aki, pinagbotan nia an gabos na planeta asin konstelasyon sa siring kaiyan na kamugtakan na matogot na mamundag an saiyang aking lalaki arog kan gusto kaini. Huli sa kaanggotan asin kapangyarihan ni Ravana, natakot sia sa gabos na planeta asin konstelasyon. An gabos na planeta yaon sa puwesto siring kan mawot ni Ravana kan panahon nin pagkamundag kan saiyang aki na si Meghanada. An gabos na planeta igdi nag'eestar sa ika-11ng harong kan horoskopyo ni Meghanada.<ref name="Meghnads horoscope">{{Cite news|url=http://daily.bhaskar.com/news/JM-a-furious-fight-between-raavan-and-lord-shani-killed-raavans-son-meghnad-4636058-PHO.html?seq=2|title=Ravana and Shani fight over the horoscope of Meghanath|accessdate=2024-03-14|archivedate=2015-12-08|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208144555/http://daily.bhaskar.com/news/JM-a-furious-fight-between-raavan-and-lord-shani-killed-raavans-son-meghnad-4636058-PHO.html?seq=2}}</ref> Alagad, [[Shani|Si Shani]] (Saturn) nagsuway na sa mga pagboot ni Ravana asin naki-estar na sa ika-2 na harong kan horoskopyo nin Meghanada. Naanggot na marhay si Ravana huli kaini asin binasol niya an Shani. Huli sa estado nin Shani, si Meghanada kinaipuhan na magadan sa kamot ni Lakshmana sa gera pag'oltan ni Prinsipe [[Rama]] asin Ravana. Si Meghanada eksperto man sa pakikilaban nin mahika, panraratak asin tantra. An saiyang agom dai nasambitan sa orihinal na epiko; minsan siring sa huring mga bersion kan epiko, si [[:en:Sulochana_(Ramayana)|Sulochana]] - an aking babae kan Hade kan halas na si Shesha Naga - nasasambitan bilang saiyang agom.<ref>Dalal, Roshen (2010). Hinduism: An alphabetical guide</ref> == Sa popular na kultura == * In the Tamil movie, '''Seetha Jananam or Vedavathi'' (1941), M.G. Ramachandran, played the Indrajita character. * ''Meghnada'' or Indrajita is the central character in Michael Madhusudan Dutt's [[Bengali]] epic poem, ''Meghnad Badh Kavya (''[[Tataramon na Ingles|English]]: ''The Slaying of Meghnada).'' * Vatsal Sheth plays the role of Indrajita in 2023's Adipurush == Hilingon pa == * Valmiki * [[Ramayana]] * Meghnad Bodh Kavya * Hindu mythological wars * Patalkot, India == panluwas na mga takod == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090831210000/http://www.dharmathai.com/ramakian/2008/08/intarachit.html Intarachit in the Thai Ramakian (Ramayana)] * The Slaying of Meghanada by Michael Madhusudan Datta (https://home.uchicago.edu/cbs2/Megha.html{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}) == Toltolan == <references /> {{Tamboan}} c4irc9r563lzkv9q3pf64hs6uvndpne 0 49174 290407 275292 2025-07-02T05:41:25Z Derk29 17433 #WPWP #WPWPPH 290407 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox websityo|url={{url|pinterest.com}}}} [[Ladawan:Pinterest-logo.png|thumb|Logo kan Pinterest]] An '''Pinterest''' sarong Amerikanong kompanya nin imahen na nagpapalakop asin serbisyo sa [[social media]] na sinadya tanganing makatipon asin makaka-diskubre nin impormasyon (lalo na nin mga ideya) arog kan mga resipe, harong, istilo, motibasyon, asin inspirasyon sa internet gamit an mga ladawan asin, sa mas sadit na hiwas, an animasyon kan GIFs asin bidyo, sa paagi nin [https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulletin_board pinboards]. Ini ginibo ni [https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ben_Silbermann Ben Silbermann], [https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Sciarra Paul Sciarra], asin [https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evan_Sharp Evan Sharp], <ref><nowiki>https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/</nowiki></ref> An '''Pinterest, Inc.''' nakabase sa San Francisco. hw0cmp4ssikpmf5kq1yzex27bxh27w2 0 49948 290361 288742 2025-07-01T17:19:21Z 2806:2F0:55C1:CC29:8C85:72C8:6316:8BEC 290361 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Automatic taxobox | name = Grasses | fossil_range = {{fossilrange|Albian|Present|earliest=Barremian}}<ref name=NSR>{{Cite journal|author1=Yan Wu |author2=Hai-Lu You |author3=Xiao-Qiang Li |year=2018 |title=Dinosaur-associated Poaceae epidermis and phytoliths from the Early Cretaceous of China |journal=National Science Review |volume=5 |issue=5 |pages=721–727 |doi=10.1093/nsr/nwx145|doi-access=free }}</ref> | image = Meadow Foxtail head.jpg | image_caption = Flowering head of meadow foxtail (''[[Alopecurus pratensis]]''), with stamens exerted at anthesis | taxon = Poaceae | authority = [[John Hendley Barnhart|Barnhart]]<ref name="APGIII2009">{{Cite journal |last=Angiosperm Phylogeny Group |year=2009 |title=An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III |journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=161 |issue=2 |pages=105–121 |doi=10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x|doi-access=free |hdl=10654/18083 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> | synonyms = Gramineae&nbsp;<small>[[Juss.]]</small> | synonyms_ref = <ref>{{cite journal|last1=HASTON|first1=ELSPETH|last2=RICHARDSON|first2=JAMES E.|last3=STEVENS|first3=PETER F.|last4=CHASE|first4=MARK W.|last5=HARRIS|first5=DAVID J.|title=The Linear Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (LAPG) III: a linear sequence of the families in APG III|journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society|date=October 2009|volume=161|issue=2|pages=128–131|doi=10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.01000.x|doi-access=free}}</ref> | type_genus = ''[[Poa]]'' | type_genus_authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]] | subdivision_ranks = Subfamilies | subdivision = * [[Anomochlooideae]] * [[Aristideae|Aristidoideae]] * [[Arundinoideae]] * [[Bambusoideae]] * [[Chloridoideae]] * [[Danthonieae|Danthonioideae]] * [[Ehrhartoideae]] * [[Micrairoideae]] * [[Panicoideae]] * [[Pharoideae]] * [[Pooideae]] * [[Puelioideae]] }} An '''Poaceae''' ({{IPAc-en|p|oʊ|ˈ|eɪ|s|i|.|iː|,_|-|ˌ|aɪ}}), pig-aapod man na '''Gramineae''' ({{IPAc-en|g|r|ə|ˈ|m|ɪ|n|i|.|iː|,_|-|ˌ|aɪ}}), iyo an sarong dakula asin haros ubiquitous [[Pamilya (biolohiya)|family]] nin [[Monocotyledon|monocotyledonous]] [[Tinanom na namumurak|flowering plants]] komun na midbid bilang '''doot''' (Bikol Legazpi: '''awot'''). Kabali diyan am [[cereal]] grasses, [[kawayan (doot)|kawayan]], an mga awot kan natural na [[duotan]] asin mga espesye na kinultibar sa [[Lawn|lawns]] asin [[pasture]]. An huri komun na kolektibong pigpapanongdan bilang '''doot'''. * [[Gigantochloa]] ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} {{stub}} 1keepla3bm7tjmo96t4tfsnvb7nk7dk 290364 290361 2025-07-01T17:25:49Z 2806:2F0:55C1:CC29:8C85:72C8:6316:8BEC 290364 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Automatic taxobox | name = Grasses | fossil_range = {{fossilrange|Albian|Present|earliest=Barremian}}<ref name=NSR>{{Cite journal|author1=Yan Wu |author2=Hai-Lu You |author3=Xiao-Qiang Li |year=2018 |title=Dinosaur-associated Poaceae epidermis and phytoliths from the Early Cretaceous of China |journal=National Science Review |volume=5 |issue=5 |pages=721–727 |doi=10.1093/nsr/nwx145|doi-access=free }}</ref> | image = Meadow Foxtail head.jpg | image_caption = Flowering head of meadow foxtail (''[[Alopecurus pratensis]]''), with stamens exerted at anthesis | taxon = Poaceae | authority = [[John Hendley Barnhart|Barnhart]]<ref name="APGIII2009">{{Cite journal |last=Angiosperm Phylogeny Group |year=2009 |title=An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III |journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=161 |issue=2 |pages=105–121 |doi=10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x|doi-access=free |hdl=10654/18083 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> | synonyms = Gramineae&nbsp;<small>[[Juss.]]</small> | synonyms_ref = <ref>{{cite journal|last1=HASTON|first1=ELSPETH|last2=RICHARDSON|first2=JAMES E.|last3=STEVENS|first3=PETER F.|last4=CHASE|first4=MARK W.|last5=HARRIS|first5=DAVID J.|title=The Linear Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (LAPG) III: a linear sequence of the families in APG III|journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society|date=October 2009|volume=161|issue=2|pages=128–131|doi=10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.01000.x|doi-access=free}}</ref> | type_genus = ''[[Poa]]'' | type_genus_authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]] | subdivision_ranks = Subfamilies | subdivision = * [[Anomochlooideae]] * [[Aristideae|Aristidoideae]] * [[Arundinoideae]] * [[Bambusoideae]] * [[Chloridoideae]] * [[Danthonieae|Danthonioideae]] * [[Ehrhartoideae]] * [[Micrairoideae]] * [[Panicoideae]] * [[Pharoideae]] * [[Pooideae]] * [[Puelioideae]] }} An '''Poaceae''' ({{IPAc-en|p|oʊ|ˈ|eɪ|s|i|.|iː|,_|-|ˌ|aɪ}}), pig-aapod man na '''Gramineae''' ({{IPAc-en|g|r|ə|ˈ|m|ɪ|n|i|.|iː|,_|-|ˌ|aɪ}}), iyo an sarong dakula asin haros ubiquitous [[Pamilya (biolohiya)|family]] nin [[Monocotyledon|monocotyledonous]] [[Tinanom na namumurak|flowering plants]] komun na midbid bilang '''doot''' (Bikol Legazpi: '''awot'''). Kabali diyan am [[cereal]] grasses, [[kawayan (doot)|kawayan]], an mga awot kan natural na [[duotan]] asin mga espesye na kinultibar sa [[Lawn|lawns]] asin [[pasture]]. An huri komun na kolektibong pigpapanongdan bilang '''doot'''. ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} {{stub}} fkjgo9q5ndeyvxyy9qjjms7758v08od 0 50072 290434 279746 2025-07-02T10:32:13Z InternetArchiveBot 17127 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 290434 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox film | name = Naked Sun | image = | caption = | director = [[Miyoji Ieki]] | producer = | writer = [[Kazutoshi Himuro]]<br>[[Kaneto Shindo]] | narrator = | starring = [[Shinjirō Ehara]] | music = | cinematography = [[Yoshio Miyajima]] | editing = | distributor = | released = {{Film date|1958|10|01|df=y}} | runtime = 85 minuto | country = Hapon | language = Hapones | budget = }} An '''''Naked Sun''''' ({{ja|裸の太陽 Hadaka no taiyō}}) sarong 1958 Hapones na [[pelikulang drama]] pigdirihe ni [[Miyoji Ieki]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://kotobank.jp/word/%E5%AE%B6%E5%9F%8E%20%E5%B7%B3%E4%BB%A3%E6%B2%BB-1637776|title=20世紀日本人名事典「家城 巳代治」の解説|publisher=kotobank|access-date=11 October 2021}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref> [[Kinema Junpo]] 1958 July vol.2 p.9 </ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.toei-video.co.jp/catalog/dutd03335/|title=裸の太陽|date=December 2015 |publisher=東映|access-date=11 October 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://eigadb.com/10028487|title=裸の太陽|publisher=映画DB|access-date=11 October 2021}}</ref> Ini sinali sa [[Ika-9 na Berlin International Film Festival]].<ref name="imdb">{{cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0235450/awards |title=IMDB.com: Awards for Naked Sun |accessdate=7 January 2010 |work=imdb.com}}</ref> ==Cast== * [[Shinjirō Ehara]] * [[Michiko Hoshi]] * [[Tatsuya Nakadai]] komo Jirō Maeda * [[Hitomi Nakahara]] * [[Satomi Oka]] * [[Toshio Takahara]] bilang Kenzō Sakiyama * [[Junikichi Orimoto]] bilang takeshi Kimura ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} ==Panluwas na mtakod== *{{IMDb title|id=0235450|title=Naked Sun}} [[Kategorya:Mga 1958 na pelikula]] [[Kategorya:Mga 1958 pelikulang drama]] [[Kategorya:Mga Hapones na pelikulang drama]] [[Kategorya:Mga 1950 na mga pel.ikulang sa Hapones]] [[Kategorya:Mga Hapones na puti-asin-itom na mga pelikula]] [[Kategorya:Mga 1950 mga pelikulang Hapones]] {{1950s-Japan-film-stub}} k2q3p9ysqir45jv3vnlqxqsp6oezm2n 0 50205 290417 289396 2025-07-02T07:45:50Z InternetArchiveBot 17127 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 290417 wikitext text/x-wiki Sa presente igwang 85 embahada sa [[Siyudad nin Mehiko]], asin dakul na nasyon nagmamantenir nin mga konsulada o konsulada-heneral sa iba pang mga siyudad nin Mehiko (palaen an mga honoraryong konsulada). [[File:Diplomatic missions in Mexico.png|thumb|center|550px|Diplomatic missions in Mexico {{legend|Green|Mexico}} {{legend|Blue|Countries with an embassy in Mexico}}{{legend|#709AD1|Missions in Mexico}}]] ==Mga Diplomatikong misyon sa Mehiko== ===Mga Embahada sa Siyudad nin Mehiko=== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- valign="middle" ! Nasyon ! Tipo nin Misyon ! Pig'erokan ! [[Mexico City#Localities (districts)|Lokalidad]] ! Retrato ! Websityo |- style="font-weight:bold; background-color: #DDDDDD" |- | {{ALG}} || Embassy || Sierra Madre 540 || [[Lomas de Chapultepec]] || [[File:Ambassade d'Algérie au Mexique.png|150px]] || <ref>[https://www.inm.gob.mx/gobmx/word/index.php/argelia/ Embassy of Algeria in Mexico City]</ref> |- | {{ARG}} || Embassy || Paseo de las Palmas 1685 || [[Lomas de Chapultepec]] || [[File:Embajada de Argentina en Ciudad de México2.jpg|150px]] || <ref>[https://emexi.cancilleria.gob.ar Embassy of Argentina in Mexico City]</ref> |- | {{ARM}} || Embassy || Monte Everest 1055 || [[Lomas de Chapultepec]] || [[File:Embajada de Armenia en la Ciudad de México.jpg|150px]] || <ref>[https://www.mfa.am/en/embassies/mx Embassy of Armenia in Mexico City]</ref> |- | {{AUS}} || Embassy || Rubén Darío 55 || [[Polanco, Mexico City|Polanco]] || [[File:Embajada de Australia en la Ciudad de México.jpg|150px]] || <ref>[https://mexico.embassy.gov.au Embassy of Australia in Mexico City]</ref> |- | {{AUT}} || Embassy || Sierra Tarahumara 420 || [[Lomas de Chapultepec]] || [[File:Embajada de Austria en la Ciudad de México.jpg|150px]] || <ref>[https://www.bmeia.gv.at/es/embajada-de-austria-en-mexico/ Embassy of Austria in Mexico City]</ref> |- | {{AZE}} || Embassy || Calle Bosques de la Reforma 580 || Bosques de Reforma || || <ref>[https://mexico.mfa.gov.az/mx Embassy of Azerbaijan in Mexico City]</ref> |- | {{BAN}} || Embassy || Sierra Nevada 601 || [[Lomas de Chapultepec]] || || <ref>[https://mexico.mofa.gov.bd Embassy of Bangladesh in Mexico City]</ref> |- | {{BEL}} || Embassy || Avenida Alfredo de Musset 41 || [[Polanco, Mexico City|Polanco]] || [[File:Embajada de Bélgica en la Ciudad de México.jpg|150px]] || <ref>[https://mexico.diplomatie.belgium.be/es Embassy of Belgium in Mexico City]</ref> |- | {{BLZ}} || Embassy || Calle Bernardo de Gálvez 215 || [[Lomas de Chapultepec]] || [[File:Embajada de Belice en la Ciudad de México 1.jpg|150px]] || <ref>[https://www.inm.gob.mx/gobmx/word/index.php/belice/ Embassy of Belize in Mexico City]</ref> |- | {{BOL}} || Embassy || Calle Goethe 104 || Anzures || [[File:Embajada de Bolivia en Ciudad de México.jpg|150px]] || <ref>[https://www.embajadadebolivia.mx Embassy of Bolivia in Mexico City]</ref> |- | {{BRA}} || Embassy || Lope Diaz de Armendariz 130 || [[Lomas de Chapultepec]] || [[File:Embajada de Brasil en Ciudad de México.jpg|150px]] || <ref>[http://mexico.itamaraty.gov.br/es-es/ Embassy of Brazil in Mexico City]</ref> |- | {{BUL}} || Embassy || Paseo de la Reforma 1990 || [[Lomas de Chapultepec]] || || <ref>[https://www.mfa.bg/en/embassies/mexico Embassy of Bulgaria in Mexico City]</ref> |- | {{CAN}} || [[Embassy of Canada, Mexico City|Embassy]] || Calle Schiller 529 || [[Polanco, Mexico City|Polanco]] || [[File:Embajada de Canadá en la Ciudad de México.jpg|150px]] || <ref>[https://www.canadainternational.gc.ca/mexico-mexique/index.aspx?lang=eng Embassy of Canada in Mexico City]</ref> |- | {{CHI}} || Embassy || Calle Andrés Bello 10, 18th floor || [[Polanco, Mexico City|Polanco]] || [[File:Edificio Forum - Andrés Bello 10 - Ciudad de México.jpg|150px]] || <ref>[https://chile.gob.cl/mexico/ Embassy of Chile in Mexico City]</ref> |- | {{CHN}} || Embassy || Avenida San Jerónimo 217 B || La Otra Banda || [[File:Embajada de China en Ciudad de México.jpg|150px]] || <ref name=China>[http://mx.china-embassy.org/esp/ Embassy of China in Mexico City]</ref> |- | {{COL}} || Embassy || Avenida Paseo de la Reforma 412, 19th floor || [[Colonia Cuauhtémoc, Mexico City|Cuauhtémoc]] || [[File:Corporativo Reforma Diana, Ciudad de México.jpg|150px]] || <ref>[https://mexico.embajada.gov.co Embassy of Colombia in Mexico City]</ref> |- | {{CRC}} || Embassy || Calle Río Po 113 || [[Colonia Cuauhtémoc, Mexico City|Cuauhtémoc]] || [[File:Embajada de Costa Rica en la Ciudad de México.jpg|150px]] || <ref>[http://embajadadecostarica.com.mx Embassy of Costa Rica in Mexico City]</ref> |- | {{CUB}} || Embassy || Presidente Masaryk 554 || [[Polanco, Mexico City|Polanco]] || [[File:Embajada de Cuba en la Ciudad de México 1.jpg|150px]] || <ref>{{Cite web |title=Embassy of Cuba in Mexico City |url=http://misiones.minrex.gob.cu/es/mexico |access-date=2024-11-28 |archive-date=2019-05-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190522055930/http://misiones.minrex.gob.cu/es/mexico |dead-url=yes }}</ref> |- | {{CZE}} || Embassy || Calle Cuvier 22 || Anzures || [[File:Embassy of Czech Republic in Mexico City.jpg|150px]] || <ref>[https://www.mzv.cz/mexico Embassy of the Czech Republic in Mexico City]</ref> |- | {{DEN}} || Embassy || Tres Picos 43 || [[Polanco, Mexico City|Polanco]] || [[File:Embajada de Dinamarca en Ciudad de México.jpg|150px]] || <ref>[https://mexico.um.dk/es Embassy of Denmark in Mexico City]</ref> |- | {{DOM}} || Embassy || Paseo de Lomas Altas 132 || [[Lomas de Chapultepec]] || [[File:Embajada de la Rep. Dominicana en Mexico.jpg|150px]] || <ref>[http://www.embadom.org Embassy of the Dominican Republic in Mexico City]</ref> |- | {{EGY}} || Embassy || Alejandro Dumas 131 || [[Polanco, Mexico City|Polanco]] || [[File:Embajada de Egipto en la Ciudad de México.jpg|150px]] || <ref>[https://www.inm.gob.mx/gobmx/word/index.php/egipto/ Embassy of Egypt in Mexico City]</ref> |- | {{ESA}} || Embassy|| Temístocles 88 || [[Polanco, Mexico City|Polanco]] || [[File:Embajada de El Salvador en Ciudad de México.jpg|150px]] || <ref>[https://www.inm.gob.mx/gobmx/word/index.php/el-salvador/ Embassy of El Salvador in Mexico City]</ref> |- | {{FIN}} || Embassy || Monte Pelvoux 111, 4th floor || [[Lomas de Chapultepec]] || [[File:Monte Pelvoux 111, Ciudad de México.jpg|150px]] || <ref>[https://finlandabroad.fi/web/mex/pagina-principal Embassy of Finland in Mexico City]</ref> |- | {{FRA}} || Embassy || Campos Elíseos 339 || [[Polanco, Mexico City|Polanco]] || [[File:Embajada de Francia en Ciudad de México.jpg|150px]] || <ref>[https://mx.ambafrance.org Embassy of France in Mexico City]</ref> |- | {{GEO}} || Embassy || Monte Everest 905 || [[Lomas de Chapultepec]] || [[File:Embajada de Georgia en Ciudad de México.jpg|150px]] || <ref>[http://www.mexico.mfa.gov.ge/default.aspx?sec_id=817&lang=3 Embassy of Georgia in Mexico City]</ref> |- | {{DEU}} || Embassy || Calle Horacio 1506 || [[Polanco, Mexico City|Polanco]] || [[File:Embajada de Alemania en la Ciudad de México.jpg|150px]] || <ref>[https://mexiko.diplo.de Embassy of Germany in Mexico City]</ref> |- | {{GRE}} || Embassy || Calle Monte Ararat 615 || [[Lomas de Chapultepec]] || || <ref>[https://www.mfa.gr/missionsabroad/es/mexico-es Embassy of Greece in Mexico City]</ref> |- | {{GUA}} || Embassy || Avenida Explanada 1025 || [[Lomas de Chapultepec]] || [[File:Embajada de Guatemala en Mexico.jpg|150px]] || <ref>[https://www.inm.gob.mx/gobmx/word/index.php/guatemala/ Embassy of Guatemala in Mexico City]</ref> |- | {{HAI}} || Embassy || Sierra Vertientes 840 || [[Lomas de Chapultepec]] || [[File:Embajada de Haití en la Ciudad de México.jpg|150px]] || <ref>[https://www.inm.gob.mx/gobmx/word/index.php/haiti/ Embassy of Haiti in Mexico City]</ref> |- | {{Flag|Holy See}} || Embassy || Juan Pablo II 118 || Guadalupe Inn || [[File:Nunciatura Apostólica de la Santa Sede en Ciudad de México.jpg|150px]] || <ref>[https://www.inm.gob.mx/gobmx/word/index.php/santa-sede/ Apostolic Nunciature of the Holy See in Mexico City]</ref> |- | {{HON}} || Embassy || Alfonso Reyes 220 || [[Condesa]] || [[File:Embajada de Honduras en Ciudad de México.jpg|150px]] || <ref>[https://www.inm.gob.mx/gobmx/word/index.php/honduras/ Embassy of Honduras in Mexico City]</ref> |- | {{HUN}} || Embassy || Paseo de las Palmas 2005 || [[Lomas de Chapultepec]] || [[File:Embajada de Hungria en la Ciudad de México.jpg|150px]] || <ref>[https://mexikovaros.mfa.gov.hu/mex Embassy of Hungary in Mexico City]</ref> |- | {{IND}} || Embassy || Calle Musset 325 || [[Polanco, Mexico City|Polanco]] || [[File:Embajada de la India en Ciudad de México.jpg|150px]] || <ref>[https://www.indiainmexico.gov.in Embassy of India in Mexico City]</ref> |- | {{INA}} || Embassy || Calle Julio Verne 27 || [[Polanco, Mexico City|Polanco]] || [[File:Embajada de Indonesia en Ciudad de México.jpg|150px]] || <ref>[https://kemlu.go.id/mexicocity/en Embassy of Indonesia in Mexico City]</ref> |- | {{IRN}} || Embassy || Paseo de la Reforma 2350 || [[Lomas de Chapultepec]] || [[File:Embajada de Irán en Ciudad de México.jpg|150px]] || <ref>[https://en.mfa.gov.ir/portal/product/5364/380/mexico Embassy of Iran in Mexico City]</ref> |- | {{IRQ}} || Embassy || Paseo de la Reforma 1875 || [[Lomas de Chapultepec]] || [[File:Embajada de Irak en Ciudad de México.jpg|150px]] || <ref>[https://www.inm.gob.mx/gobmx/word/index.php/iraq/ Embassy of Iraq in Mexico City]</ref> |- | {{IRL}} || Embassy || Blvd. Avila Camacho, 76-3 || [[Lomas de Chapultepec]] || [[File:Torre Quadro, Ciudad de México2.jpg|150px]] || <ref>[https://www.dfa.ie/irish-embassy/mexico/ Embassy of Ireland in Mexico City]</ref> |- | {{ISR}} || Embassy || Sierra Madre 215 || [[Lomas de Chapultepec]] || || <ref>{{Cite web |title=Embassy of Israel in Mexico City |url=https://embassies.gov.il/mexico-city/Pages/default.aspx |access-date=2024-11-28 |archive-date=2023-06-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230608012528/https://embassies.gov.il/mexico-city/Pages/default.aspx |dead-url=yes }}</ref> |- | {{ITA}} || Embassy || Paseo de las Palmas 1994 || [[Lomas de Chapultepec]] || [[File:Embajada de Italia en la Ciudad de México.jpg|150px]] || <ref>[https://ambcittadelmessico.esteri.it/ambasciata_cittadelmessico/es/ Embassy of Italy in Mexico City]</ref> |- | {{CIV}} || Embassy || Calle Alfredo Tennyson 67 || [[Polanco, Mexico City|Polanco]] || [[File:Embajada de Costa de Marfil en Ciudad de México.jpg|150px]] || <ref>[http://www.mexique.diplomatie.gouv.ci Embassy of Ivory Coast in Mexico City]</ref> |- | {{JAM}} || Embassy || Avenida de las Palmas 1340 || [[Lomas de Chapultepec]] || [[File:Embajada de Jamaica en Ciudad de México.jpg|150px]] || <ref>[https://www.inm.gob.mx/gobmx/word/index.php/jamaica/ Embassy of Jamaica in Mexico City]</ref> |- | {{JPN}} || Embassy || Paseo de la Reforma 243, 9th floor || [[Colonia Cuauhtémoc, Mexico City|Cuauhtémoc]] || [[File:Torre Mapfre México..JPG|150px]] || <ref>[https://www.mx.emb-japan.go.jp/itprtop_es/index.html Embassy of Japan in Mexico City]</ref> |- | {{JOR}} || Embassy || Sierra Fría 489 || [[Lomas de Chapultepec]] || [[File:Embajada de Jordania en Ciudad de México.jpg|150px]] || <ref>[https://mfa.gov.jo/es/embassy/Mexico Embassy of Jordan in Mexico City]</ref> |- | {{KAZ}} || Embassy || Paseo de las Palmas 731, office 703 || [[Lomas de Chapultepec]] || [[File:Embajada de Kazajstan en Mexico 1.jpg|150px]] || <ref>[https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/mfa/page/contacts/kontakty-zagranuchrezhdeniy-kazahstana?lang=en Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Kazakhstan: Mexico]</ref> |- | {{KUW}} || Embassy || Paseo de los Tamarindos 98 || [[Lomas de Chapultepec]] || || <ref>[https://www.inm.gob.mx/gobmx/word/index.php/kuwait/ Embassy of Kuwait in Mexico City]</ref> |- | {{LIB}} || Embassy || Julio Verne 8 || [[Polanco, Mexico City|Polanco]] || [[File:Embajada de Líbano en Ciudad de México.jpg|150px]] || <ref>{{Cite web |title=Embassy of Lebanon in Mexico City |url=http://mexico.mfa.gov.lb/mexico/spanish/home |access-date=2024-11-28 |archive-date=2024-09-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240911071151/http://mexico.mfa.gov.lb/mexico/spanish/home |dead-url=yes }}</ref> |- | {{LBA}} || Embassy || Avenida Ejército Nacional Mexicano 826 || [[Polanco, Mexico City|Polanco]] || [[File:Embajada de Libia en la Ciudad de México 2.jpg|150px]] || <ref>[https://www.inm.gob.mx/gobmx/word/index.php/libia/ Embassy of Libya in Mexico City]</ref> |- | {{MAS}} || Embassy || Calle Monte Libano 1015 || [[Lomas de Chapultepec]] || [[File:Embajada de Malasia en Ciudad de México.jpg|150px]] || <ref>[https://www.kln.gov.my/web/mex_mexico-city/home/-/blogs/faqs Embassy of Malaysia in Mexico City]</ref> |- | {{MAR}} || Embassy || Avenida Explanada 1255 || [[Lomas de Chapultepec]] || [[File:Embajada de Marruecos en Ciudad de México.jpg|150px]] || <ref>{{Cite web |title=Embassy of Morocco in Mexico City |url=https://embajadamarruecos.mx/ |access-date=2024-11-28 |archive-date=2024-06-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240604061301/http://www.embajadamarruecos.mx/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> |- | {{NED}} || Embassy || Calle Volcán 150, 2nd floor || [[Lomas de Chapultepec]] || || <ref>[https://www.netherlandsworldwide.nl/countries/mexico/about-us/embassy-in-mexico-city Embassy of the Netherland in Mexico City]</ref> |- | {{NZL}} || Embassy || Avenida Jaime Balmes 8, 4th floor || [[Polanco, Mexico City|Polanco]] || [[File:Corporativo Polanco, Ciudad de México.jpg|150px]] || <ref>[https://www.mfat.govt.nz/en/countries-and-regions/americas/mexico/new-zealand-embassy/ Embassy of New Zealand in Mexico City]</ref> |- | {{NCA}} || Embassy || Fernando de Alencastre 136 || [[Lomas de Chapultepec]] || [[File:Embajada de Nicaragua en Ciudad de México.jpg|150px]] || <ref>[https://www.inm.gob.mx/gobmx/word/index.php/nicaragua/ Embassy of Nicaragua in Mexico City]</ref> |- | {{NGA}} || Embassy || Sierra Gorda 145 || [[Lomas de Chapultepec]] || [[File:Embajada de Nigeria en Ciudad de México.jpg|150px]] || <ref>[https://www.nigerianembmexico.org Embassy of Nigeria in Mexico City]</ref> |- | {{PRK}} || [[Embassy of North Korea, Mexico City|Embassy]] || Calle Halley 12 || Anzures || [[File:North Korean Embassy in Mexico.jpg|150px]] || <ref>[https://re.sre.gob.mx/acreditadas/ Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Mexico: North Korea]</ref> |- | {{NOR}} || Embassy || Boulevard de los Virreyes 1460 || Lomas Virreyes || || <ref>[https://www.norway.no/es/mexico/ Embassy of Norway in Mexico City]</ref> |- | {{PAK}} || Embassy || Boulevard de los Virreyes 1015 || [[Lomas de Chapultepec]] || [[File:Embajada de Pakistán en la Ciudad de México.jpg|150px]] || <ref>[https://mofa.gov.pk/mexico/ Embassy of Pakistan in Mexico City]</ref> |- | {{PLE}} || Embassy || Paseo de la Reforma 2621 || Lomas de Reforma || || <ref>[https://www.inm.gob.mx/gobmx/word/index.php/palestina/ Special Delegation of Palestine in Mexico City]</ref> |- |{{PAN}} || Embassy || Calle Sócrates 339 || [[Polanco, Mexico City|Polanco]] || [[File:Embajada de Panamá en la Ciudad de México.jpg|150px]] || <ref>[https://mire.gob.pa/ministerio/embajada-y-consulado/mexico-embajada-de-panama/ Embassy of Panama in Mexico City]</ref> |- | {{PAR}} || Embassy || Avenida Homero 415 || [[Polanco, Mexico City|Polanco]] || [[File:Embajada de Paraguay en Ciudad de México.jpg|150px]] || <ref>[https://www.embajadadelparaguay.com.mx Embassy of Paraguay in Mexico City]</ref> |- | {{PER}} || Embassy || Paseo de la Reforma 2601 || Lomas de Reforma || [[File:Embajada del Perú en Ciudad de México.jpg|150px]] || <ref>[https://www.gob.pe/embajada-del-peru-en-mexico Embassy of Peru in Mexico City]</ref> |- | {{PHI}} || [[Embassy of the Philippines, Mexico City|Embassy]] || Avenida Thiers 111 || Anzures || [[File:Embassy of the Philippines in Mexico City (Avenida Thiers 111).jpg|150px]] || <ref>{{Cite web |title=Embassy of the Philippines in Mexico City |url=https://mexicope.dfa.gov.ph/ |access-date=2024-11-28 |archive-date=2020-11-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201115135636/https://mexicope.dfa.gov.ph/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> |- | {{POL}} || Embassy || Calle Cracovia 40 || [[San Ángel]] || [[File:Ambasada RP w Meksyku.jpg|150px]] || <ref>[https://www.gov.pl/web/mexico/embajada Embassy of Poland in Mexico City]</ref> |- | {{POR}} || Embassy || Calle Alpes 1370 || [[Lomas de Chapultepec]] || [[File:Embajada de Portugal en Ciudad de México.jpg|150px]] || <ref>[https://mexico.embaixadaportugal.mne.gov.pt/es/ Embassy of Portugal in Mexico City]</ref> |- | {{QAT}} || Embassy || Paseo de la Reforma 2290 || [[Lomas de Chapultepec]] || || <ref>[https://mexico.embassy.qa Embassy of Qatar in Mexico City]</ref> |- | {{ROM}} || Embassy || Calle Sofocles 311 || [[Polanco, Mexico City|Polanco]] || [[File:Embajada de Rumania en Ciudad de México.jpg|150px]] || <ref>[http://mexico.mae.ro/es/node/716 Embassy of Romania in Mexico City]</ref> |- | {{RUS}} || Embassy || Avenida José Vasconcelos 204 || [[Condesa]] || [[File:Embajada de Rusia en Ciudad de México.jpg|150px]] || <ref>[https://mexico.mid.ru/es/ Embassy of Russia in Mexico City]</ref> |- |{{SADR}} || Embassy || Calle Descartes 91 || Anzures || [[File:Embajada RASD en Mexico 2.jpg|150px]] || <ref>[https://www.embajadasaharauimexico.org Embassy of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic in Mexico City]</ref> |- | {{KSA}} || Embassy || Paseo de las Palmas 2075 || [[Lomas de Chapultepec]] || || <ref>[https://embassies.mofa.gov.sa/sites/mexico/en/Pages/default.aspx Embassy of Saudi Arabia in Mexico City]</ref> |- | {{SRB}} || Embassy || Avenida Montañas Rocallosas 515 || [[Lomas de Chapultepec]] || [[File:Embajada de Serbia en Ciudad de México.jpg|150px]] || <ref>{{Cite web |title=Embassy of Serbia in Mexico City |url=http://www.mexico.mfa.gov.rs/spa/ |access-date=2024-11-28 |archive-date=2024-12-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241203172850/http://www.mexico.mfa.gov.rs/spa/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> |- | {{SVK}} || Embassy || Julio Verne 35 || [[Polanco, Mexico City|Polanco]] || || <ref>{{Cite web |title=Embassy of Slovakia in Mexico City |url=https://www.mzv.sk/web/mexico |access-date=2024-11-28 |archive-date=2019-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190701031612/https://www.mzv.sk/web/mexico |dead-url=yes }}</ref> |- | {{RSA}} || Embassy || Andres Bello 10, 9th floor || [[Polanco, Mexico City|Polanco]] || [[File:Edificio Forum - Andrés Bello 10 - Ciudad de México.jpg|150px]] || <ref>[https://embajadasudafrica.mx/wp/ Embassy of South Africa in Mexico City]{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |- | {{KOR}} || Embassy || Lopez Diaz de Armendariz 110 || [[Lomas de Chapultepec]] || [[File:Embajada de Corea del Sur en la Ciudad de México.jpg|150px]] || <ref>[https://overseas.mofa.go.kr/mx-es/index.do Embassy of South Korea in Mexico City]</ref> |- | {{ESP}} || Embassy || Calle Galileo 114 || [[Polanco, Mexico City|Polanco]] || [[File:Embajada de España en Ciudad de México.jpg|150px]] || <ref>{{Cite web |title=Embassy of Spain in Mexico City |url=http://www.exteriores.gob.es/embajadas/mexico/es/embajada/paginas/inicio.aspx |access-date=2024-11-28 |archive-date=2022-03-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220307011426/http://www.exteriores.gob.es/embajadas/mexico/es/embajada/paginas/inicio.aspx |dead-url=yes }}</ref> |- | {{SWE}} || [[Embassy of Sweden, Mexico City|Embassy]] || Paseo de las Palmas 1225 || [[Lomas de Chapultepec]] || || <ref>[https://www.swedenabroad.se/en/about-sweden-non-swedish-citizens/mexico/ Embassy of Sweden in Mexico City]</ref> |- | {{SUI}} || Embassy || Paseo de las Palmas 405, 11th floor || [[Lomas de Chapultepec]] || || <ref>[https://www.eda.admin.ch/countries/mexico/en/home/representations/embassy.html Embassy of Switzerland in Mexico City]</ref> |- | {{THA}} || Embassy || Paseo de las Palmas 1610 || [[Lomas de Chapultepec]] || [[File:Embajada de Tailandia en Ciudad de México.jpg|150px]] || <ref>[https://www.inm.gob.mx/gobmx/word/index.php/tailandia/ Embassy of Thailand in Mexico City]</ref> |- | {{TUR}} || [[Embassy of Turkey, Mexico City|Embassy]] || Monte Libano 885 || [[Lomas de Chapultepec]] || [[File:Embajada de Turquía en la Ciudad de México.jpg|150px]] || <ref>{{Cite web |title=Embassy of Turkey in Mexico City |url=http://mexico.emb.mfa.gov.tr/Mission |access-date=2024-11-28 |archive-date=2023-06-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603083729/http://mexico.emb.mfa.gov.tr/Mission |dead-url=yes }}</ref> |- | {{UKR}} || Embassy || Blvd. de los Virreyes 810 || [[Lomas de Chapultepec]] || [[File:Embajada de Ucrania en Ciudad de México.jpg|150px]] || <ref>[https://mexico.mfa.gov.ua Embassy of Ukraine in Mexico City]</ref> |- | {{ARE}} || Embassy || Paseo de la Reforma 505 || [[Lomas de Chapultepec]] || [[File:Embassy of the UAE in Mexico.JPG|150px]] || <ref>[https://www.mofaic.gov.ae/en/missions/mexico-city Embassy of the United Arab Emirates]</ref> |- | {{GBR}} || [[Embassy of the United Kingdom, Mexico City|Embassy]] || Paseo de la Reforma 350, 20th floor || [[Colonia Cuauhtémoc, Mexico City|Cuauhtémoc]] || [[File:Torre del Ángel, Ciudad de México.jpg|150px]] || <ref>[https://www.gov.uk/world/organisations/british-embassy-mexico-city Embassy of the United Kingdom in Mexico City]</ref> |- | {{USA}} || [[Embassy of the United States, Mexico City|Embassy]] || Paseo de la Reforma 305 || [[Colonia Cuauhtémoc, Mexico City|Cuauhtémoc]] || [[File:USEmbassyDF.JPG|150px]] || <ref>[https://mx.usembassy.gov Embassy of the United States in Mexico City]</ref> |- | {{URU}} || Embassy || Calle Homero 411, 10th floor || [[Polanco, Mexico City|Polanco]] || || <ref>[https://www.urumexico.com Embassy of Uruguay in Mexico City]</ref> |- | {{VEN}} || Embassy || Calle Schiller 326 || [[Polanco, Mexico City|Polanco]] || [[File:Embajada de Venezuela en la Ciudad de México.jpg|150px]] || <ref>[https://www.inm.gob.mx/gobmx/word/index.php/venezuela/ Embassy of Venezuela in Mexico City]</ref> |- | {{VIE}} || Embassy || Sierra Ventana 255 || [[Lomas de Chapultepec]] || [[File:Vietnamese embassy in Mexico City.JPG|150px]] || <ref>[https://embajadadevietnam.com.mx Embassy of Vietnam in Mexico City]</ref> |} ==Mga Konsulada-Heneral sa Siyudad nin Mehiko== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- valign="middle" ! Nasyon ! Tipo nin Misyon ! Pig'erokan ! [[Mexico City#Localities (districts)|Lokalidad]] ! Retrato ! Websityo |- style="font-weight:bold; background-color: #DDDDDD" |- | {{ARG}} || Consulate-General || Paseo de la Reforma 373, 4th floor || [[Colonia Cuauhtémoc, Mexico City|Cuauhtémoc]] || || <ref>[https://www.cancilleria.gob.ar/es/representaciones/cmexi Consulate-General of Argentina in Mexico City]</ref> |- | {{BRA}} || Consulate-General || Paseo de las Palmas 405, 9th floor || [[Lomas de Chapultepec]] || || <ref>[https://www.gov.br/mre/pt-br/embaixada-mexico Consulate-General of Brazil in Mexico City]</ref> |- | {{CHI}} || Consulate-General || Campos Elíseos 188, 14th floor || [[Polanco, Mexico City|Polanco]] || || <ref>[https://www.chile.gob.cl/ciudad-de-mexico/ Consulate-General of Chile in Mexico City]</ref> |- | {{CHN}} || Consulate-General || Rio de la Magdalena 172 || La Otra Banda || || <ref name=China /> |- | {{COL}} || Consulate-General || Paseo de la Reforma 379, 1st floor || [[Colonia Cuauhtémoc, Mexico City|Cuauhtémoc]] || [[File:Embajada de Colombia en Mexico.jpg|150px]] || <ref>[https://mexico.consulado.gov.co Consulate-General of Colombia in Mexico City]</ref> |- | {{DOM}} || Consulate-General || Avenida Horacio 124 || [[Polanco, Mexico City|Polanco]] || || <ref>[http://embadom.org/consulado/ Consulate-General of the Dominican Republic in Mexico City]</ref> |- | {{FRA}} || Consulate-General || Calle Lafontaine 32 || [[Polanco, Mexico City|Polanco]] || || <ref>[https://mx.ambafrance.org/-Consulat-general-a-Mexico- Consulate-General of France in Mexico City]</ref> |- | {{PER}} || Consulate-General || Presidente Masaryk 29, 2nd floor || [[Polanco, Mexico City|Polanco]] || || <ref>[http://www.consulado.pe/es/Mexico/Paginas/Inicio.aspx Consulate-General of Peru in Mexico City]</ref> |- | {{ESP}} || Consulate-General || Calle Galileo 114 || [[Polanco, Mexico City|Polanco]] || || <ref>[https://www.exteriores.gob.es/Consulados/mexico/es/Paginas/index.aspx Consulate-General of Spain in Mexico City]</ref> |- | {{URU}} || Consulate-General || Calle Hegel 149, 1st floor || [[Polanco, Mexico City|Polanco]] || [[File:Embajada del Uruguay en Ciudad de México.jpg|150px]] || <ref>[https://www.urumexico.com/consulados/consulado-general-en-mexico.html Consulate-General of Uruguay in Mexico City]</ref> |} == Mga Ibang mga Misyon sa [[Siyudad nin Mehiko]] == {| class="wikitable sortable" |- valign="middle" ! Nasyon/Teritoryo/Organisasyon ! Tipo nin Misyon ! Pig'erokan ! [[Mexico City#Localities (mga distrito)|Lokalidad]] ! Retrato ! Websityo |- style="font-weight:bold; background-color: #DDDDDD" |- | {{Flag|Basque Country}} || Delegation || Avenida Horacio 1213 || [[Polanco, Mexico City|Polanco]] || [[File:Delegación de Euskadi en la Ciudad de México.jpg|150px]] || <ref>[https://www.euskadi.eus/delegacion-de-euskadi-en-mexico/web01-s1leheki/es/ Delegation of the Basque Country in Mexico City]</ref> |- | {{Flag|Catalonia}} || Delegation || Leibnitz 77, 1st floor || Anzures || || <ref>{{Cite web |title=Delegation of Catalonia in Mexico City |url=https://exteriors.gencat.cat/ca/ambits-dactuacio/afers_exteriors/delegacions_govern/mexic/ |access-date=2024-11-28 |archive-date=2022-03-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220309032814/https://exteriors.gencat.cat/ca/ambits-dactuacio/afers_exteriors/delegacions_govern/mexic/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> |- | {{ECU}} || Interest Section || Tennyson 217 || [[Polanco, Mexico City|Polanco]] || || <ref>[https://www.cancilleria.gob.ec/2024/05/11/a-partir-del-16-de-mayo-2024-los-ecuatorianos-en-mexico-podran-realizar-los-tramites-consulares-a-traves-de-los-consulados-en-guatemala-houston-y-phoenix-2/ Sección de Intereses del Ecuador en la Embajada de Suiza en México (in Spanish)]</ref><ref>[https://cnnespanol.cnn.com/2024/06/25/ecuador-acuerdo-suiza-atencion-consular-en-mexico-orix Ecuador establece acuerdo con Suiza para que el país europeo represente sus intereses y brinde atención consular en México (in Spanish)]</ref> |- | {{EU}} || Delegation || Paseo de la Reforma 1675 || [[Lomas de Chapultepec]] || [[File:Delegación de la Unión Europea en Ciudad de México.jpg|150px]] || <ref>[https://eeas.europa.eu/delegations/mexico_en Delegation of the European Union in Mexico City]</ref> |- | {{Flag|Quebec}} || General Delegation || Avenida Taine 411 || [[Polanco, Mexico City|Polanco]] || [[File:Delegación General de Québec en Ciudad de México.jpg|150px]] || <ref>[http://www.international.gouv.qc.ca/fr/mexico General Delegation of Quebec in Mexico City]</ref> |- | {{ROC}} (Taiwan) || [[Taipei Economic and Cultural Office in Mexico|Taipei Economic and Cultural Office]] || Bosques de la Reforma 758 || [[Lomas de Chapultepec]] || || <ref>[https://www.roc-taiwan.org/mx_es/index.html Taipei Economic and Cultural Office in Mexico City]</ref> |} == Mga Misyon Konsular == ===[[Acapulco]]=== *{{Flag|Canada}} Ahensya Konsular *{{Flag|United States}} Ahensya Konsular ===[[Acayucan, Veracruz|Acayucan]]=== *{{Flag|El Salvador}} Konsulada Heneral *{{Flag|Guatemala}} (Consulate)<ref name="GuaMINEX-Consulados">{{Cite web|url=https://www.minex.gob.gt/Visor_Pagina.aspx?PaginaID=1200 |title=Consulados de Guatemala en el Mundo |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Guatemala |language=es |access-date=21 February 2024}}</ref> *{{Flag|Honduras}} Ahensya Konsular ===[[Arriaga, Chiapas|Arriaga]]=== *{{Flag|Guatemala}} (Consular agency)<ref name="GuaMINEX-Consulados"/> ===[[Cabo San Lucas]]=== *{{Flag|Canada}} Ahensya Konsular *{{Flag|United States}} Ahensya Konsular ===[[Cancún]]=== *{{Flag|Canada}} Ahensya Konsular *{{Flag|Colombia}} Konsulada-Heneral *{{Flag|Cuba}} Konsulad-Heneral *{{Flag|Guatemala}} Konsulada-Heneral<ref name="GuaMINEX-Consulados"/> *{{Flag|United Kingdom}} Konsulada-Heneral *{{Flag|United States}} Ahensya Konsular ===[[Ciudad Hidalgo, Chiapas|Ciudad Hidalgo]]=== *{{Flag|Guatemala}} (Consulate)<ref name="GuaMINEX-Consulados"/> ===[[Ciudad Juárez]]=== *{{Flag|El Salvador}} Konsulada Heneral *{{Flag|United States}} Konsulada Heneral ===[[Comitán]]=== *{{Flag|Guatemala}} (Consulate)<ref name="GuaMINEX-Consulados"/> ===[[Guadalajara]]=== *{{Flag|Canada}} Konsulada *{{Flag|Colombia}} Konsulada *{{Flag|El Salvador}} Konsulada Heneral *{{Flag|Spain}} Konsulada Hen4eral *{{Flag|United States}} Konsulada Heneral ===[[Hermosillo]]=== *{{Flag|United States}} Konsulada Heneral ===[[León, Guanajuato|León]]=== *{{Flag|Japan}} Consulate General<ref>[https://www.leon.mx.emb-japan.go.jp/itprtop_es/ Consulado General del Japón en León]</ref> ===[[Matamoros, Tamaulipas|Matamoros]]=== *{{Flag|United States}} Konsulada Heneral ===[[Mazatlán]]=== *{{Flag|Canada}} Ahensya Konsular *{{Flag|United States}} Ahensya Konsular ===[[Mérida, Yucatán|Mérida]]=== *{{Flag|Cuba}} (Konsulada-Heneral)<ref name="CubanMissionsList">{{cite web|url=https://cubaminrex.cu/en/list-cuban-missions-abroad |title=List of Cuban Mission Abroad |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Cuba |access-date=21 February 2024}}</ref> *{{Flag|United States}} Konsulada ===[[Monterrey]]=== *{{Flag|Canada}} Konsulada Heneral *{{Flag|Cuba}} (Konsulada-Heneral)<ref name="CubanMissionsList"/> *{{Flag|El Salvador}} Konsulada Heneral *{{Flag|France}} Konsulada Heneral<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lesfrancais.press/la-france-ouvre-un-nouveau-consulat-general-a-monterrey/|title = La France ouvre un nouveau Consulat Général à Monterrey|date = 2 November 2021}}</ref> *{{Flag|Guatemala}} (Konsulada-Heneral)<ref name="GuaMINEX-Consulados"/> *{{Flag|Spain}} Konsulada Heneral *{{Flag|United Kingdom}} Konsulada *{{Flag|United States}} Konsulada Heneral ===[[Nogales, Sonora|Nogales]]=== *{{Flag|United States}} Konsulada Heneral ===[[Nuevo Laredo]]=== *{{Flag|United States}} Konsulada Heneral ===[[Oaxaca City]]=== *{{Flag|El Salvador}} Konsulada Heneral *{{Flag|Guatemala}} (Konsulada-Heneral)<ref name="GuaMINEX-Consulados"/> *{{Flag|United States}} Ahensya Konsular ===[[Piedras Negras, Coahuila|Piedras Negras]]=== *{{Flag|United States}} Ahensya Konsular ===[[Playa del Carmen]]=== *{{Flag|Argentina}} Konsulada *{{Flag|Canada}} Ahensya Konsular *{{Flag|United States}} Ahensya Konsular ===[[Puebla (city)|Puebla]]=== *{{Flag|Honduras}} Konsulada-Heneral ===[[Puerto Vallarta]]=== *{{Flag|Canada}} Ahensya Konsular *{{Flag|United States}} Ahensya Konsular ===[[Saltillo]]=== * {{Flag|Honduras}} Ahensya Konsular ===[[San Luis Potosí City|San Luis Potosí]]=== *{{Flag|El Salvador}} Konsulada Heneral *{{Flag|Guatemala}} (Konsulada-Heneral)<ref name="GuaMINEX-Consulados"/> *{{Flag|Honduras}} Konsulada Heneral ===[[San Miguel de Allende]]=== *{{Flag|United States}} Ahensya Konsular ===[[Tapachula]]=== *{{Flag|El Salvador}} Konsulada Heneral *{{Flag|Guatemala}} (Konsulada-Heneral)<ref name="GuaMINEX-Consulados"/> *{{Flag|Haiti}} Konsulada *{{Flag|Honduras}} Konsulada Heneral ===[[Tenosique]]=== *{{Flag|Guatemala}} (Consulate-General)<ref name="GuaMINEX-Consulados"/> *{{Flag|Honduras}} Ahensya Konsular ===[[Tijuana]]=== *{{Flag|Canada}} Ahensya Konsular *{{Flag|China}} Consulate General<ref>[http://tijuana.china-consulate.gov.cn/esp/ Consulado General de la República Popular China en Tijuana]</ref> *{{Flag|El Salvador}} Konsulada Heneral *{{Flag|Guatemala}} (Consulate-General)<ref name="GuaMINEX-Consulados"/> *{{Flag|Honduras}} Konsulada Heneral *{{Flag|United States}} Konsulada Heneral ===[[Tuxtla Gutiérrez]]=== *{{Flag|Guatemala}} (Consulate-General)<ref name="GuaMINEX-Consulados"/> ===[[Veracruz (city)|Veracruz City]]=== *{{Flag|Cuba}} (Consulate-General)<ref name="CubanMissionsList"/> *{{Flag|Honduras}} Konsalada Heneral *{{Flag|Panama}} Konsulada Heneral ===[[Villahermosa]]=== *{{Flag|El Salvador}} Konsulada Heneral == Dai ini-erokan na mga embahada == Residente sa [[Washington, D.C.]] maliban kun iba an pignota: {{Div col|colwidth=18.00em|rules=yes|gap=1.72em|small=no}} *{{Flag|Andorra}} ([[New York City]]) *{{Flag|Angola}} *{{Flag|Islamic Republic of Afghanistan|name=Afghanistan}} ([[Ottawa]]) *{{Flag|Bahamas}} ([[Nassau, Bahamas|Nassau]]) *{{Flag|Bahrain}} *{{Flag|Barbados}} ([[Panama City]])<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.foreign.gov.bb/embassies-high-commissions-and-permanent-missions/|title = Embassies, High Commissions and Permanent Missions}}</ref> *{{Flag|Belarus}} *{{Flag|Benin}} *{{Flag|Bosnia}} *{{Flag|Botswana}} *{{Flag|Brunei}} *{{Flag|Burkina Faso}} *{{Flag|Cape Verde}} *{{CAF}} *{{Flag|Cambodia}} *{{Flag|Chad}} *{{Flag|Comoros}} (New York City) *{{Flag|Congo-Brazzaville}} *{{Flag|Congo-Kinshasa}} *{{Flag|Croatia}} *{{Flag|Djibouti}} ([[Havana]]) *{{Flag|East Timor}} *{{Flag|Equatorial Guinea}} *{{Flag|Eritrea}} *{{Flag|Estonia}} *{{Flag|Ethiopia}} *{{Flag|Fiji}} *{{Flag|Gambia}} *{{GHA}} *{{Flag|Guinea}} (Havana) *{{Flag|Guinea-Bissau}} (New York City) *{{GUY}}<ref>[https://www.inewsguyana.com/zulfikar-ally-is-guyanas-new-ambassador-to-mexico/ Zulfikar Ally is Guyana’s new Ambassador to Mexico]</ref> *{{Flag|Iceland}} *{{Flag|Kenya}} *{{KGZ}} *{{Flag|Laos}} *{{Flag|Latvia}} *{{Flag|Lesotho}} *{{Flag|Lithuania}} *{{Flag|Luxembourg}} *{{MLI}} *{{Flag|Madagascar}} *{{Flag|Malawi}} *{{MDV}} (New York City) *{{Flag|Malta}} ([[Valletta]]) *{{Flag|Mauritius}} *{{Flag|Micronesia}} (New York City) *{{Flag|Moldova}} *{{Flag|Mongolia}} *{{Flag|Myanmar}} *{{Flag|Namibia}} *{{Flag|Nauru}} (New York City) *{{Flag|Nepal}} *{{Flag|North Macedonia}} *{{Flag|Oman}} *{{PLW}} *{{Flag|Papua New Guinea}} *{{Flag|Rwanda}} *{{Flag|Sierra Leone}} *{{Flag|Senegal}} *{{Flag|Seychelles}} (New York City) *{{Flag|Singapore}} ([[Singapore]]) *{{Flag|Slovenia}} *{{SUD}} *{{Flag|Sri Lanka}} *{{Flag|Syria}} ([[Havana]]) *{{SSD}} *{{Flag|Tanzania}} *{{Flag|Trinidad and Tobago}} *{{TOG}} *{{TJK}} *{{Flag|Turkmenistan}} *{{TUN}} *{{UGA}} *{{VAN}} *{{YEM}} *{{ZAM}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://centerforpolitics.org/ambassador-series/his-excellency-lazarous-kapambwe-ambassador-of-zambia-to-the-u-s/ |title=His Excellency Lazarous Kapambwe Ambassador of Zambia to the U.S. |website=[[University of Virginia Center for Politics]] |access-date=21 February 2024}}</ref> *{{ZIM}} {{Div col end}} ==Dating mga misyon== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" |- ! scope="col" | Kagresibeng syudad ! scope="col" | Kagpadarang nasyon ! scope="col" | Misyon ! scope="col" | Taon isinara ! scope="col" | {{Abbreviation|Ref.|Toltolan}} |- ! rowspan="6" | [[Siyudad nin Mehiko]] | {{Flag|Angola}} | style="text-align:center;" | Embahada | style="text-align:center;" | 2018 | style="text-align:center;" | <ref name="Closed2018">{{cite news |url=https://www.balglobal.com/bal-news/eight-angolan-embassies-consulates-to-close/ |title=Eight Angolan embassies, consulates to close |publisher=BAL Global |date=23 October 2018 |access-date=3 May 2021}}</ref> |- | {{Flag|Cyprus}} | style="text-align:center;" | Embahada | style="text-align:center;" | 2020 | style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ανοίγει τρεις νέες πρεσβείες η Κύπρος (in Greek) |url=https://www.stockwatch.com.cy/el/article/genika-diethni/anoigei-treis-nees-presveies-i-kypros |access-date=2024-11-28 |archive-date=2021-08-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210829053704/https://www.stockwatch.com.cy/el/article/genika-diethni/anoigei-treis-nees-presveies-i-kypros |dead-url=yes }}</ref> |- | {{Flag|Ecuador}} | style="text-align:center;" | Embahada | style="text-align:center;" | 2024 | style="text-align:center;" | <ref name=Romper>[https://www.cnn.com/2024/04/06/americas/ecuador-vice-president-arrest-mexico-embassy-diplomatic-tensions-intl-hnk/index.html ‘Outrage against international law’: Mexico breaks diplomatic ties with Ecuador over embassy raid]</ref> |- | {{Flag|Ethiopia}} | style="text-align:center;" | Embahada | style="text-align:center;" | [[Ethiopia–Mexico relations|1990]] | style="text-align:center;" | <ref>[https://centrogilbertobosques.senado.gob.mx/docs/F_Etiopia.pdf Bilateral relations of Mexico and Ethiopia (in Spanish)]</ref> |- | {{Flag|Ghana}} | style="text-align:center;" | Embahada | style="text-align:center;" | Dai aram | style="text-align:center;" | |- | {{Flag|Suriname}} | style="text-align:center;" | Embahada | style="text-align:center;" | 1986 | style="text-align:center;" | <ref>http://sil.gobernacion.gob.mx/Archivos/Documentos/2011/07/asun_2784362_20110727_1311780461.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=March 2022}}</ref> |- ! [[Guadalajara]] | {{Flag|Ecuador}} | style="text-align:center;" | Konsulada | style="text-align:center;" | 2013 | style="text-align:center;" | <ref name="Ecuador Clausura 2013">{{cite news |url=https://www.diariolibre.com/actualidad/ecuador-clausura-diez-consulados-y-anuncia-el-cierre-de-cinco-embajadas-KNDL413669 |title=Ecuador clausura diez consulados y anuncia el cierre de cinco embajadas |publisher=Diario Libre |date=4 December 2013 |access-date=15 July 2021}}</ref> |- ! [[Mazatlan]] | {{Flag|United States}} | style="text-align:center;" | Konsulada | style="text-align:center;" | 1993 | style="text-align:center;" | <ref name="irp.fas.org">{{Cite web|url=https://irp.fas.org/gao/nsi94228.htm|title=GAO - State Department: Overseas Staffing Process Not Linked to Policy Priorities|website=irp.fas.org}}</ref> |- ! rowspan="2" | [[Monterrey]] | {{Flag|Colombia}} | style="text-align:center;" | Konsulada | style="text-align:center;" | 2002 | style="text-align:center;" | <ref name="CancilleríaCierre2002">{{cite news |url=https://www.semana.com/noticias/articulo/cancilleria-anuncia-fecha-para-cierre-embajadas-consulados/55104-3/ |title=Cancillería anuncia fecha para cierre de embajadas y consulados |publisher=Semana |date=15 November 2002 |access-date=15 July 2021}}</ref> |- | {{Flag|Ecuador}} | style="text-align:center;" | Konsulada | style="text-align:center;" | 2024 | style="text-align:center;" | <ref name=Romper /> |- ! rowspan="2" | [[Tapachula]] | {{Flag|Ecuador}} | style="text-align:center;" | Konsulada | style="text-align:center;" | 2020 | style="text-align:center;" | <ref name="Ecuador Cierra 2020">{{cite news |url=https://www.swissinfo.ch/spa/ecuador-cierra-embajadas-y-empresas-estatales-para-ahorrar-en-medio-de-la-pandemia/45771828|title=Ecuador cierra embajadas y empresas estatales para ahorrar en medio de la pandemia |publisher=[[Swissinfo]] |date=19 May 2020 |access-date=15 July 2021}}</ref> |- | {{Flag|Nicaragua}} | style="text-align:center;" | Konsulada | style="text-align:center;" | 2024 | style="text-align:center;" | <ref name="NI-250124">{{cite news|url=https://nicaraguainvestiga.com/nacion/139943-regimen-cierra-consulado-mexico/ |title=Daniel Ortega cierra otro consulado, esta vez en México |language=es |website=Nicaragua Investiga |date=25 January 2024 |access-date=15 February 2024}}</ref> |- ! [[Veracruz (city)|Veracruz City]] | {{Flag|United States}} | style="text-align:center;" | Ahensya Konsular | style="text-align:center;" | 2016 | style="text-align:center;" | <ref name="Estados Unidos Consulado 2016">{{cite news |url=https://www.felizex.net/spa/estados-unidos-cierra-agencia-consular-en-veracruz/45771828 |title=Estados Unidos Cierra Agencia Consular En Veracruz |publisher=[[Felizex]] |date=2 February 2016 |access-date=15 July 2021 }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |} == Hilnga man == * [[Foreign relations of Mexico]] * [[List of diplomatic missions of Mexico]] * [[Visa requirements for Mexican citizens]] == Toltolan == <references /> == Mga panluwas na takod == *{{in lang|es}} [https://www.gob.mx/sres/ Mexican Ministry of Foreign Affairs]{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://www.lehendakaritza.ejgv.euskadi.net/r48-10953/es/contenidos/informacion/delegacion_mexico/es_presen/presentacion.html/ Basque delegation in Mexico City] * [http://www.gouv.qc.ca/portail/quebec/international/mexique/delegation/mexico/coordonnees/ Delegation of Quebec in Mexico]{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{-}} {{Diplomatic missions in Mexico}} {{Foreign relations of Mexico}} {{North America topic|List of diplomatic missions in|countries_only=yes}} [[Kategorya:Mga Diplomatikong misyon sa Mehiko|*]] [[Kategorya:Mga Lista nin mga diplomatikong misyon kan natotongdan na nasyon|Mexico]] [[Kategorya:Mga Mehikong lista dapit sa diplomasya|Diplomatikong misyon]] 7oepfaf5fq093onpbzokdjmvkxi0l11 0 50388 290413 281135 2025-07-02T06:13:56Z InternetArchiveBot 17127 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 290413 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!-- Basic info ----------------> |official_name = Keysville, Georgia |other_name = |native_name = <!-- for cities whose native name is not in English --> |nickname = |settlement_type = [[Town]] |motto = <!-- images and maps -----------> |image_skyline = |imagesize = |image_caption = |image_flag = |flag_size = |image_seal = |seal_size = |image_shield = |shield_size = |image_blank_emblem = |blank_emblem_type = |blank_emblem_size = |image_map = Burke_County_Georgia_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Keysville_Highlighted.svg |mapsize = 250px |map_caption = Location in [[Burke County, Georgia|Burke County]] and the state of [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]] |image_map1 = |mapsize1 = |map_caption1 = |image_dot_map = |dot_mapsize = |dot_map_caption = |dot_x = |dot_y = |pushpin_map = <!-- the name of a location map as per http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Location_map --> |pushpin_label_position = <!-- the position of the pushpin label: left, right, top, bottom, none --> |pushpin_map_caption = |pushpin_mapsize = <!-- Location ------------------> |subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]] |subdivision_name = United States |subdivision_type1 = [[U.S. state|State]] |subdivision_name1 = [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]] |subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in Georgia (U.S. state)|Counties]] |subdivision_name2 = [[Burke County, Georgia|Burke]], [[Jefferson County, Georgia|Jefferson]] |subdivision_type3 = |subdivision_name3 = |subdivision_type4 = |subdivision_name4 = <!-- Politics -----------------> |government_footnotes = |government_type = |leader_title = |leader_name = |leader_title1 = <!-- for places with, say, both a mayor and a city manager --> |leader_name1 = |leader_title2 = |leader_name2 = |leader_title3 = |leader_name3 = |leader_title4 = |leader_name4 = |established_title = <!-- Settled --> |established_date = |established_title2 = <!-- Incorporated (town) --> |established_date2 = |established_title3 = <!-- Incorporated (city) --> |established_date3 = <!-- Area ---------------------> |area_magnitude = |unit_pref = Imperial |area_footnotes = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2020">{{cite web|title=2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2020_Gazetteer/2020_gaz_place_13.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=December 18, 2021}}</ref> |area_total_km2 = 2.79 |area_land_km2 = 2.73 |area_water_km2 = 0.06 |area_total_sq_mi = 1.08 |area_land_sq_mi = 1.05 |area_water_sq_mi = 0.02 |area_water_percent = |area_urban_km2 = |area_urban_sq_mi = |area_metro_km2 = |area_metro_sq_mi = |area_blank1_title = |area_blank1_km2 = |area_blank1_sq_mi = <!-- Population -----------------------> |population_as_of = [[2020 United States Census|2020]] |population_footnotes = |population_note = |population_total = 300 |population_density_km2 = 109.92 |population_density_sq_mi = 284.63 |population_metro = |population_density_metro_km2 = |population_density_metro_sq_mi = |population_urban = |population_density_urban_km2 = |population_density_urban_sq_mi = |population_blank1_title = |population_blank1 = |population_density_blank1_km2 = |population_density_blank1_sq_mi = <!-- General information ---------------> |timezone = [[North American Eastern Time Zone|Eastern (EST)]] |utc_offset = -5 |timezone_DST = EDT |utc_offset_DST = -4 |coordinates = {{coord|33|14|7|N|82|13|54|W|region:US_type:city|display=inline,title}} |elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use <ref> tags--> |elevation_m = 80 |elevation_ft = 262 <!-- Area/postal codes & others --------> |postal_code_type = [[ZIP code]]s |postal_code = 30811, 30816 |area_code = [[Area code 706|706]] |blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]] |blank_info = 13-43360<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=2008-01-31|title=U.S. Census website}}</ref> |blank1_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID |blank1_info = 0316404<ref name="GR3">{{cite web|url=http://geonames.usgs.gov|access-date=2008-01-31|title=US Board on Geographic Names|publisher=[[United States Geological Survey]]|date=2007-10-25}}</ref> |website = {{URL|keysvillega.org}} |footnotes = |pop_est_as_of = |pop_est_footnotes = |population_est = }} An '''Keysville''' sarong banwaan sa [[Burke County, Georgia|Burke]] asjn [[Jefferson County, Georgia|Jefferson]] na mga county sa [[estado nin E.U.]] na [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]]. Sa kan [[2020 United States Census|2020 senso]], an populasyon kaini 300. ==Historya== An [[Asamblea Heneral nin Georgia]] pig'inkorporar an Keysville bilang sarong banwaan kan 1890.<ref>{{cite book|title=Acts and Resolutions of the General Assembly|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ewdLAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA657|year=1892|page=657}}</ref> In 1933, the government was dissolved although its charter was not revoked.<ref name=Treadwell>{{Cite news|first=David |last= Treadwell|authorlink= |title=Georgia Whites Resist Blacks’ Effort to Set Up City Services |newspaper=[[The Los Angeles Times]]|date= March 15, 1987|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1987-03-15-mn-10941-story.html |via=|archive-url=| archive-date=}}</ref> In late 1990, the government was reconstituted.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hinmon |first1= Derrick |title= Keysville's Boundary Feud Finally Resolved|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-atlanta-constitution/138165174/ |newspaper=[[The Atlanta Constitution]] |date=September 6, 1990 |pages=[https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-atlanta-constitution/138165174// G1], [https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-atlanta-constitution/138165043/ G5] |accessdate= |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> ==Geograpiya== An Keysville namumugtak sa {{Coord|33|14|7|N|82|13|54|W|type:city}} (33.235293, −82.231687),<ref name="GR1">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/time-series/geo/gazetteer-files.html|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=2011-04-23|date=2011-02-12|title=US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990}}</ref> {{convert|23|mi}} bandang sud-sulnopan nin [[Augusta, Georgia|Augusta]]. Susog sa [[United States Census Bureau]], an siyudad igwang total na hiwas na {{convert|2.8|km2|disp=flip}}, na an {{convert|0.06|sqkm|disp=flip}}, o 2.08%, katubigan.<ref name="Census 2010">{{cite web| url=http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_DP/G001/1600000US1343360| archive-url=https://archive.today/20200212180757/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_DP/G001/1600000US1343360| url-status=dead| archive-date=February 12, 2020| title=Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (G001): Keysville city, Georgia| publisher=U.S. Census Bureau, American Factfinder| access-date=November 8, 2013}}</ref> ==Demograpika== {{US Census population |1930= 378 |1940= 363 |1950= 304 |1960= |1970= |1980= |1990= 350 |2000= 180 |2010= 332 |2020= 300 |footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census/decade.html|title=Decennial Census of Population and Housing by Decades|publisher=[[US Census Bureau]]|access-date=}}</ref><br> 1850-1870<ref name=1870CensusGA>{{Cite web|first= |last= |authorlink= |title= 1870 Census of Population - Georgia |website=[[US Census Bureau]]|date= 1870|url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1870/population/1870a-13.pdf |accessdate=|archive-url=| archive-date=|page=}}</ref> 1880<ref name=1880CensusGA>{{Cite web|first= |last= |authorlink= |title= 1880 Census of Population - Georgia |website=[[US Census Bureau]]|date= 1880|url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1880/vol-01-population/1880_v1-09.pdf |accessdate=|archive-url=| archive-date=|page=}}</ref><br> 1890-1910<ref name=1910CensusGA>{{Cite web |first= |last= |authorlink= |title= 1910 Census of Population - Georgia |website= [[US Census Bureau]] |date= 1930 |url= https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1910/abstract/supplement-ga.pdf |accessdate= |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240116032336/https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1910/abstract/supplement-ga.pdf |archive-date= 2024-01-16 |page= |dead-url= yes }}</ref> 1920-1930<ref name=1930CensusGA>{{Cite web|first= |last= |authorlink= |title= 1930 Census of Population - Georgia |website=[[US Census Bureau]]|date= 1930|url=https://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/03815512v1ch04.pdf |accessdate=|archive-url=| archive-date=|page=253}}</ref><br> 1930-1940<ref name=1940CensusGA>{{Cite web|first= |last= |authorlink= |title= 1940 Census of Population - Georgia |website=[[US Census Bureau]]|date= 1940|url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1940/population-volume-1/33973538v1ch04.pdf |accessdate=|archive-url=| archive-date=}}</ref> 1940-1950<ref name=1950CensusGA>{{Cite web|first= |last= |authorlink= |title= 1950 Census of Population - Georgia |website=[[US Census Bureau]]|date= 1980|url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1950/population-volume-2/37779083v2p11ch2.pdf |accessdate=|archive-url=| archive-date=}}</ref><br> 1960-1980<ref name=1980CensusGA>{{Cite web|first= |last= |authorlink= |title= 1980 Census of Population - Number of Inhabitants - Georgia |website=[[US Census Bureau]]|date= 1980|url=https://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/1980a_gaABC-01.pdf|accessdate=|archive-url=| archive-date=}}</ref>1980-2000<ref name=2000CensusGA>{{Cite web|first= |last= |authorlink= |title= 2000 Census of Population - General Population Characteristics - Georgia |website=[[US Census Bureau]]|date= 2000|url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/2003/dec/phc-3-12.pdf |accessdate=|archive-url=| archive-date=}}</ref><br> }} An Keysville enot nagluwas sa [[1930 U.S. Census]].<ref name=1930CensusGA/> Ini dai nagluwas sa [[1960 U.S. Census]], sa [[1970 U.S. Census]], o sa [[1980 U.S. Census]],<ref name=1980CensusGA/> Ini nagluwas liwat kan [[1990 U.S. Census]].<ref name=2000CensusGA/> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |+'''Keysville, Georgia – Racial and ethnic composition'''<br><small>{{nobold|''Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.''}}</small> !Race / Ethnicity <small>(''NH = Non-Hispanic'')</small> !Pop 2000<ref name=2000CensusP004>{{Cite web|title=P004 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2000: DEC Summary File 1 – Keysville town, Georgia|url=https://data.census.gov/table/DECENNIALSF12000.P004?g=160XX00US1343360|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref> !Pop 2010<ref name=2010CensusP2>{{Cite web|title=P2 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) - Keysville town, Georgia|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=p2&g=160XX00US1343360&tid=DECENNIALPL2010.P2|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref> !{{partial|Pop 2020}}<ref name=2020CensusP2>{{Cite web|title=P2 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) - Keysville town, Georgia |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=p2&g=160XX00US1343360&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref> !% 2000 !% 2010 !{{partial|% 2020}} |- |[[Non-Hispanic or Latino whites|White]] alone (NH) |60 |125 |style='background: #ffffe6; |91 |33.33% |37.65% |style='background: #ffffe6; |30.33% |- |[[Non-Hispanic or Latino African Americans|Black or African American]] alone (NH) |112 |183 |style='background: #ffffe6; |185 |62.22% |55.12% |style='background: #ffffe6; |61.67% |- |[[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] or [[Alaska Native]] alone (NH) |0 |0 |style='background: #ffffe6; |0 |0.00% |0.00% |style='background: #ffffe6; |0.00% |- |[[Asian Americans|Asian]] alone (NH) |0 |6 |style='background: #ffffe6; |4 |0.00% |1.81% |style='background: #ffffe6; |1.33% |- |[[Pacific Islander Americans|Pacific Islander]] alone (NH) |0 |0 |style='background: #ffffe6; |0 |0.00% |0.00% |style='background: #ffffe6; |0.00% |- |Some Other Race alone (NH) |1 |0 |style='background: #ffffe6; |0 |0.56% |0.00% |style='background: #ffffe6; |0.00% |- |[[Multiracial Americans|Mixed Race or Multi-Racial]] (NH) |4 |6 |style='background: #ffffe6; |11 |2.22% |1.81% |style='background: #ffffe6; |3.67% |- |[[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]] (any race) |3 |12 |style='background: #ffffe6; |9 |1.67% |3.61% |style='background: #ffffe6; |3.00% |- |'''Total''' |'''180''' |'''332''' |style='background: #ffffe6; |'''300''' |'''100.00%''' |'''100.00%''' |style='background: #ffffe6; |'''100.00%''' |} Kan 2020, an populasyon 300. ==Hilnga man== {{Portal|State of Georgia}} *[[Central Savannah River Area]] ==Toltolan== {{Reflist}} ==Mga panluwas na takod== *[http://keysvillega.org City of Keysville official website] {{Burke County, Georgia}} {{Jefferson County, Georgia}} {{Central Savannah River Area}} <!-- applies only to the Burke County portion of Keysville --> {{authority control}} [[Kategorya:Mga Siyudad sa Burke County, Georgia]] [[Kategorya:Mga Siyudad sa Jefferson County, Georgia]] [[Kategorya:Mga Siyudad sa Georgia (estado sa E.U.)]] [[Kategorya:Augusta metropolitan area]] bm3f3gifffz69diw19326meks98qqky 0 50418 290431 281981 2025-07-02T10:06:54Z InternetArchiveBot 17127 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 290431 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Miki Jinbo | image = | caption = | native_name = 神保 美喜 | native_name_lang = ja | birth_name = | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1960|6|2}} | birth_place = [[Minato, Tokyo]], Japan | nationality = Hapones | alias = | death_date = | education = {{unbulleted list|[[Horikoshi High School]]|[[Aoyama Gakuin University]]}} | occupation = Actress, singer | years_active = 1976&ndash;present | agent = Staff-up | known_for = {{unbulleted list|''[[Star Tanjō!]]''|"Hajimete no Waltz"|''[[House (1977 film)|House]]''|''Uta no Wide 90-bu''}} | height = 1.64 m | relatives = | death_place = | spouse = | awards = | website = {{official website|http://www.dhcblog.com/jinbo/}} {{in lang|ja}} }} Si {{nihongo|'''Miki Jinbo'''|神保 美喜|Jinbo Miki|namundag Hunyo 2, 1960, sa [[Minato, Tokyo]], Japan}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dir.yahoo.co.jp/talent/12/w93-1511.html|title=神保 美喜|work=[[Nihon Tarento Meikan]]|language=ja|publisher=[[Yahoo! Japan]]|accessdate=1 Jun 2016|archive-date=18 November 2005|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051118135935/http://dir.yahoo.co.jp/talent/12/w93-1511.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref> sarong aktres na Hapones asin parakanta representado kan Staff-up.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.staff-up.net/staffup/18.html|title=神保 美喜｜スタッフ・アップ グループ オフィシャル ウェブサイト|access-date=2025-01-03|archive-date=2023-09-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230926044825/https://www.staff-up.net/staffup/18.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref> ==Biograpiya== Si Jinbo nag'entra sa [[Horikoshi High School]], asin kan Marso 1983, siya naggradwar sa [[Aoyama Gakuin University]] Faculty of Letters, Second Section of English and American Literature. Kan yaon siya sa third-year junior high school, ginana niya an ika-15ng Battle Tournament sa ''[[Star Tanjō!]]'' kan [[Nippon TV]]. Kan Marso 1976, si Jinbo nagkikontrata sa [[Philips Records]] (ngonyan [[List of Universal Music Group labels#Under the Universal Music branding|Universal Music Japan]]) asin primerong nag'entra bilang parakanta sa single "Hajimete no Waltz". Siya man nagbibida bilang aktres asin parakanta asin man presenter sa nseryeng musika. Notable performances are in ''Yōba'' (1976) and the horror-comedy film ''[[House (1977 film)|House]]'' (1977). Siya nagluwas man sa advertisement para sa [[Daigaku Honyaku Center|DHC]]. Si Jinbo lngapit nagkomento sa saiyang blog na sunong-suno niya an DHC. ==Filmograpiya== ==Mga Pelikulas=== {|class="wikitable" |- ! Taon ! Titulo ! Mga Nota |- |rowspan="2"| 1976 || ''Permanent Blue: Manatsu no Koi'' || |- |''Yōba'' || |- | 1977 || ''[[House (1977 film)|House]]'' || |- | 1978 || ''Zanshō'' || |- | 1983 || ''Plumeria no Densetsu: Tengoku no Kiss'' || |- | 1985 || ''Keiji Monogatari: Kuroshio no Uta'' || |- |rowspan="2"| 1986 || ''Mandara-ya no Ryōta'' || |- |''Rikon Shinai Onna'' || |} ===Drama=== {|class="wikitable" |- ! Taon ! Titulo ! Papel ! Network ! Mga Nota |- | 1977 || ''Shiroi Kōya'' || || [[Tokyo Broadcasting System|TBS]] || |- | 1978 || ''Nichiyō Kyōfu Series'' || || [[Fuji Television|Fuji TV]] || Episode 7 |- |rowspan="2"| 1979 || ''Netchū Jidai'' || || [[Nippon TV|NTV]] || |- |''Kakekomi Buil 7-gōshitsu'' || || Fuji TV || Episode 1 |- | 1980 || ''[[Doberman Deka]]'' || Saeko Shiratori || [[TV Asahi]] || |- | 1981 || ''Tetsudō Kōankan'' || || TV Asahi || Episode 36 |- |rowspan="2"| 1983 || ''Ōoku'' || Oko || [[Kansai Telecasting Corporation|KTV]] || Episode 38 |- |''[[Mito Kōmon]]'' || || TBS || Series 13 Episode 26, Series 20 Episode 10 |- | 1984 || ''Seibu Keisatsu Part-III'' || Yumiko Kanzaki || TV Asahi || Episode 43 |- |rowspan="3"| 1985 || ''Abarenbō Shogun II'' || Oyu || TV Asahi || Episode 102 |- |''[[Chōshichirō Edo Nikki]]'' || Okyo || NTV || Episode 53 |- |''[[Shadow Warriors (TV series)|Shadow Warriors]]'' || || KTV || Episode 7 |- | 1987 || ''[[Sanbiki ga Kiru!]]'' || || TV Asahi || |- | 1990 || ''The Keiji'' || Junko Kawakami || TV Asahi || Episode 12 |- | 1993 || ''[[Ōoka Echizen]]'' || Osono || TBS || Episode 20 |- | 1994 || ''Zenigata Heiji'' || Okayo || Fuji TV || Series 4 Episode 5 |- |rowspan="2"| 1997 || ''Saigo no Koi'' || Reiko Saito || TBS || |- |''Getsuyō Drama Special'' || Hisako Kitamura || TBS || |- | 2002 || ''Bengoshi Kyoko Takamizawa'' || || TBS || |- | 2003 || ''Keiji Ichiro'' || || TBS || Episode 9 |- | || ''Hagure Dorobō Goro Ishikawa'' || || Fuji TV || |- | 2005 || ''Kenji Yoko Asahina'' || Kumi Nishikawa || TV Asahi || |- | 2006 || ''Doctor Koishi no Jiken Karute'' || Chiharu Sakurai || Fuji TV || |- |rowspan="3"| 2009 || ''Kyotaro Nishimura Travel Mystery (51) Tsuriawanai Jōsha-ken o Kau Shitai'' || Yasuko Koike || TV Asahi || |- |''Sono Otoko, Fuku Shochō'' || || TV Asahi || Series 3 Episode 5 |- |''Kyoto Minami-sho Kanshiki File'' || Yuko Fujimura || TV Asahi || |- | 2010 || ''Hanchō: Jinnan-sho Asaka Han'' || Yoko Yaginuma || TBS || Series 3 Episode 7 |- | 2013 || ''Seifuku Sōsa'' || Nobuko Shinozaki || TBS || |} ===Direkta-sa-bidyo=== {|class="wikitable" |- ! Taon ! Titulo ! Mga Nota |- | 2001 || ''[[Shizukanaru Don – Yakuza Side Story]]'' || |- | 2002 || ''Jitsuroku Yakuza Kōsō-shi LB Kumamoto Keimusho 4 Keimusho Bus-tei Mae'' || |} ===Entablado=== {|class="wikitable" |- ! Titulo ! Mga Nota |- | ''[[Trapp Family Story]]'' || |- | ''[[Horibe Yasubei]]'' || |- | ''Tabigarasu Yoarashi Sen San: Yuki no Oiwake Sandogasa'' || |- | ''Fu Keizu: Otsuta Monogatari'' || |- | ''Tsugaru Ninjō Onna-bushi'' || |- | ''Haru Sugata Senryō Matoi'' || |- | ''Wakatono Senryō Kasa'' || |- | ''Nihonichi? no Otō-chan'' || |- | ''Onna Udemakuri'' || |- | ''Bakushō! ! Shiranami Go-ri Otoko'' || |} ===Variety=== {|class="wikitable" |- ! Taon ! Titulo ! Network ! Mga Nota |- | 1982 || ''Uta no Wide 90-bu'' || NTV || |- |rowspan="8"| || ''Ichi-mai no Shashin'' || Fuji TV || |- |''Challenge the Keiba'' || Fuji TV || |- |''Zubari Iu Wa yo'' || TBS || |- |''Kazuo Tokumitsu no Kandō Saikai "Aitai"'' || TBS || |- |''Quiz Nihonjin no Shitsumon'' || [[NHK General TV|NHK G TV]] || |- |''Art Entertainment Meikyū Bijutsukan'' || [[NHK|NHK BS-2]] || |- |''Asada! Namadesu Tabi Salad'' || TV Asahi || |- |''Kaiketsu Emi Channel'' || KTV || |} ===Serye sa radyo=== {|class="wikitable" |- ! Titulol ! Network ! Mga Nota |- | ''Coffee Time'' || [[Tokyo FM]] || |- | ''Miki Jinbo no Brilliant na Josei'' || [[Radio Nippon]] || |- | ''Miki Jinbo no Tea Lounge'' || [[Nippon Cultural Broadcasting|NCB]] || |} ==Diskograpiya== ===Singles=== {|class="wikitable" |- ! Taon ! Titulo ! Mga Nota |- |rowspan="2"| 1976 || "Hajimete no Waltz" || |- |"Mizuiro no Omoide" || |- | 1977 || "Furuutsu no Uta" || |} ==Toltolan== {{Reflist}} ==Mga panluwas na takod== *{{official website|http://www.dhcblog.com/jinbo/}} {{in lang|ja}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Jinbo, Miki}} [[Category:Japanese women singers]] [[Category:1960 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Horikoshi High School alumni]] [[Category:Aoyama Gakuin University alumni]] [[Category:Actresses from Tokyo]] [[Category:People from Minato, Tokyo]] il8j930l4s272ud9dtq3cfcjma6bn0q 0 50463 290355 281440 2025-07-01T16:25:58Z InternetArchiveBot 17127 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 290355 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ladawan:Cuarto_para_guardar_cosas.jpg|thumb|250x250px| Sarong maribok asin madiklom na bodega]] [[Ladawan:Rocho.JPG|too|thumb| Sarong klasikong aparador nin parabantay, na may mga bagay na pinabayaan sa pagkakataon]] An '''Bodega''' ('''storage room)''' o ('''storeroom)''' sarong [[kwarto]] sa sarong [[edipisyo]] para sa pagtipig nin mga bagay. Dai ini dinisenyo para sa permanenteng istaran, asin parati saradit asin mayong bintana. An siring na mga kwarto parati igwa nin mas maluyang mga kahagadan para sa proteksyon sa kalayo, paglaog sa liwanag kan aldaw asin mga pagluwas sa emerhensya kumpara sa mga kwarto na para sa permanenteng istaran. Sa [[Negosyo|mga negosyo]], an bodega sarong lugar kun saen an mga empleyado pwedeng magbugtak kan saindang mga paninda dangan iluwas sinda kun an tindahan nagpopoon nang magin mayong laog o kun igwa nin halangkaw na pangangaipo. Sa istaran, an mga kwarto sa pagtipig ginagamit sa pagtipig nin mga kasangkapan na dai gayong ginagamit o mga bagay na dai ginagamit aroaldaw. An terminong shed parati ginagamit para sa separadong saradit na independienteng edipisyo para sa pagtipig nin kakanon, kagamitan asin mga kaagid kaini, halimbawa mga storage shed, toolshed o woodshed. Sa kasaysayan, an mga kwarto sa pagtipig sa mga harong parateng mahiwas, madiklom asin dai nahihiling, asin mga lugar sa mga salog na iba sa mga mayor na salog kan edipisyo, arog kan sa sirong kan harong o sa sarong attic . An sarong bodega pwedeng i-lock, asin pwedeng ibugtak sa sarong yunit nin harong o sarong komun na lugar, sa laog o sa luwas. == Pag-arkila nin bodega == Igwa nin mga kompanya na nag-aarkila nin espasyo sa pagtipig para sa sadiring pagtipig, kun saen an mga indibidwal asin mga kumpanya pwedeng mag-arkila nin mga kwarto sa pagtipig. <ref>א.אמובילים</ref> == Mga programa sa telebisyon == An mga kudal, garahe asin iba pang mga bodega pwedeng magin pano-pano asin pano nin mga bagay na dai ginagamit, o mga lumang basura na dai pa naaapon o nahihirahay, mga bagay na dai kayang haleon o igwa nin darakulang plano. An halaga kan karibokan parateng sadit, orog na kun an mga tawong nag-eerok duman igwa nin problema sa pagtipon nin mga bagay asin kun an mga bagay nakatago sa paagi na an kamugtakan nagigin maluyang marhay. An palabas sa TV [[Hoarders (TV series)|''na Hoarders'']] saro sa nagkapirang palabas sa TV na naghihingoang tabangan an mga tawong may siring na mga problema. Sa nagkapirang kaso, tibaad may mahalagang marhay na mga antigo na nakatago asin nalingawan. An programa sa TV ''na American Pickers'' <ref>{{Cite web|title=Skattejegerne - Strømme online {{!}} TV Guide|url=https://tvguide.vg.no/program/american-pickers|access-date=2023-08-03|language=no}}</ref> sarong palabas kun saen an mga host nag-aagi sa mga lumang koleksyon sa paghanap nin mga mahalagang antigo. ''An Storage Wars'' sarong serye sa TV kun saen an laog kan mga locker nin pagtipig pigsusubasta sa mga parokyano na dai pa nakabayad kan saindang arkila, na dai tinutugutan an mga parabid na maglaog asin hilingon nin harani an laog apwera sa sarong marikas na paghiling hale sa luwas. <ref>{{Cite web|last=Emilie|date=2017-04-15|title=Lagerkrig - kan det gjøres i Norge? {{!}} City Self-Storage blogg|url=https://cityselfstorage.no/blogg/norske-minilager-fungerer-ikke-som-pa-tv/|access-date=2023-08-03|language=nb-NO|archive-date=2023-08-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230803143141/https://cityselfstorage.no/blogg/norske-minilager-fungerer-ikke-som-pa-tv/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> == Hilingon man == * Garahe (residensial), sarong lugar nin pagtipig na parati ginagamit sa pagtipig nin mga awto * Manwal na pag-asikaso kan mga karga * Pagtipig sa itaas * Pantry * Teknikal na kwarto * Kuwarto nin gamit * Bodega, sarong edipisyo na piggagamitan nin mga paninda . * Kwarto nin arak == Toltolan == <references /> {{Tamboan}} 3bjpci8zrqg5ndsw5ifd9skny72mb86 0 50580 290380 282126 2025-07-01T22:38:34Z InternetArchiveBot 17127 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 290380 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox tawo|name=Deborah Carlos-Valencia|image=Deborah Carlos Valencia (22061725860).jpg|caption=Carlos-Valencia in 2015|birth_date=1948 or 1949|birth_place=Philippines|nationality=Greek|occupation=Social worker|years_active=1984 to present|organization=[[Kasapi Union]],<br>[[Melissa Network]],<br>DIWATA – The Philippine Women’s Network in Greece,<br>BABAYLAN-Philippine Women’s Network in Europe}} Si '''Deborah Carlos-Valencia''' (namundag kan 1948 o 1949 ) minsan pigsusurat bilang '''Deborah Valencia''' ) sarong Filipinong trabahador sosyal, [[Feminismo|peminista]], kagmukna kan Kasapi Union, asin kagmukna kan Melissa Network, sarong organisasyon na nagtitipon nin mga lideres kan establisadong komunidad nin mga migrante sa [[Gresya|Grecia]] . == Personal na buhay == Si Carlos-Valencia sarong [[Mga Pilipino|Filipinong]] [[Feminismo|peminista]] asin lider kan komunidad na nagdulag hale sa Filipinas pasiring sa Gresya kan panahon nin diktadura ni Marco kan 1985. <ref name=":22">{{Cite web|last=Malichudis|first=Stavros|date=2019-01-14|title="Being a migrant and a woman is like double marginalisation"|url=https://sistersofeurope.com/being-a-migrant-and-a-woman-is-like-double-marginalisation/|access-date=2023-02-11|website=Sisters of Europe|language=en-US|archive-date=2023-02-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230211103351/https://sistersofeurope.com/being-a-migrant-and-a-woman-is-like-double-marginalisation/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> <ref name=":02">{{Cite web|last=Gutiérrez|first=Icíar|date=2017-10-31|title=Así es la red de apoyo entre mujeres migrantes y refugiadas en Atenas|url=https://www.eldiario.es/desalambre/apoyo-mujeres-migrantes-refugiadas-atenas_1_3096973.html|access-date=2023-02-11|website=[[elDiario.es]]|language=es}}</ref> An saiyang agom na si Joe <ref name=":53">{{Cite web|last=Κακαουνάκη|first=Μαριάννα|title="Επάγγελμα Φιλιππινέζα" για μια ζωή|url=https://www.kathimerini.gr/society/562228399/epaggelma-filippineza-gia-mia-zoi/|access-date=2023-02-11|website=www.kathimerini.gr}}</ref> asin aking lalaki nagsunod saiya pasiring sa Grecia pakalihis nin pirang taon. <ref name=":54">{{Cite web|last=Κακαουνάκη|first=Μαριάννα|title="Επάγγελμα Φιλιππινέζα" για μια ζωή|url=https://www.kathimerini.gr/society/562228399/epaggelma-filippineza-gia-mia-zoi/|access-date=2023-02-11|website=www.kathimerini.gr}}</ref> Siya nag-eedad nin 70 kan 2019. == Buhay sa Pilipinas == Sarong unyonista <ref name=":52">{{Cite web|last=Κακαουνάκη|first=Μαριάννα|title="Επάγγελμα Φιλιππινέζα" για μια ζωή|url=https://www.kathimerini.gr/society/562228399/epaggelma-filippineza-gia-mia-zoi/|access-date=2023-02-11|website=www.kathimerini.gr}}</ref> asin sarong trabahador sosyal, <ref name=":03">{{Cite web|last=Gutiérrez|first=Icíar|date=2017-10-31|title=Así es la red de apoyo entre mujeres migrantes y refugiadas en Atenas|url=https://www.eldiario.es/desalambre/apoyo-mujeres-migrantes-refugiadas-atenas_1_3096973.html|access-date=2023-02-11|website=[[elDiario.es]]|language=es}}</ref> si Carlos-Valencia kinaipuhan na magdulag sa Pilipinas pagkatapos na siya asin an saiyang agom magin imbuelto sa pagtumang kan mga Trabahador laban sa diktadura ni Marcos . <ref name=":62">{{Cite web|date=2022-12-25|title=Μαρτυρίες μεταναστών / Άφησαν το δικό τους σπίτι για να φροντίζουν τα δικά μας|url=https://www.avgi.gr/koinonia/433943_afisan-diko-toys-spiti-gia-na-frontizoyn-ta-dika-mas|access-date=2023-02-11|website=Αυγή|language=el}}</ref> == Buhay sa Grecia == [[Ladawan:Podium_v.l.n.r._Nelli_Kampouri,_Margarita_Tsomou,_Deborah_Carlos_Valencia_(21705944493).jpg|thumb| Carlos-Valencia kan 2015]] Pag-abot sa Gresya, si Carlos-Valencia nagmukna kan Melissa Network sa Atenas kan 2014 kaiba si Nadina Christopoulo. An organisasyon nagseserbi sa mga pangangaipo kan mga babaeng migrante sa [[Gresya|Grecia]], orog na an mga migranteng trabahador sa harong sa Atenas. An organisasyon poon kaidto nagdakula na kabali an mga babae gikan sa 45 nasyon. An organisasyon nakabase sa Victoria Square sa sentral na Atenas, <ref name=":63">{{Cite web|date=2022-12-25|title=Μαρτυρίες μεταναστών / Άφησαν το δικό τους σπίτι για να φροντίζουν τα δικά μας|url=https://www.avgi.gr/koinonia/433943_afisan-diko-toys-spiti-gia-na-frontizoyn-ta-dika-mas|access-date=2023-02-11|website=Αυγή|language=el}}</ref> sa tahaw kan sarong komunidad kun saen halangkaw an sentimento kan mga harayong too na kontra sa mga migrante. An mga serbisyong itinatao kabali an mga leksyon sa tataramon asin iba pang mga kakayahan sa buhay. <ref name=":12">{{Cite web|last=Gill|first=Omaira|date=2017-11-10|title=Melissa Network: un lieu d’activité bourdonnante construit par des femmes migrantes|url=https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/6000/melissa-network-un-lieu-dactivite-bourdonnante-construit-par-des-femmes-migrantes|access-date=2023-02-11|website=InfoMigrants|language=fr}}</ref> Kan 1986, si Carlos-Valencia nagtabang sa pagmukna kan Kasapi Union, sarong organisasyon na nagsusuporta sa pagkasararo para sa mga apektado kan diktador kan Filipino na [[Ferdinand Marcos|si Ferdinand Marcos]] . Kan 1998, nag-organisar siya nin sarong pangyayari sa pakikisumaro kan mga trabahador sa Panteion University . <ref name=":42">{{Cite web|last=Silva|first=Daniela Oliveira, Ana La-Salete|date=2021-03-08|title=O que se faz no mundo pela igualdade de género - JPN|url=https://www.jpn.up.pt/2021/03/08/o-que-se-faz-no-mundo-pela-igualdade-de-genero/|access-date=2023-02-11|website=JPN - JornalismoPortoNet|language=pt-PT}}</ref> Natabangan man siyang magmukna kan ''DIWATA – The Philippine Women's Network in Greece'' microcredit cooperative asin sarong founding member kan BABAYLAN-Philippine Women's Network sa Europa. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Deborah Valencia|url=https://humanityinaction.org/person/deborah-valencia/|access-date=2023-02-11|website=Humanity in Action|language=en-US}}</ref> Anom na taon pakatapos kan saiyang pag-abot sa Gresya, kan 2020, si Carlos-Valencia saro sa 2.9% kan mga Pilipino na nakakua nin pagkasiudadano kan Gresya. <ref name=":64">{{Cite web|date=2022-12-25|title=Μαρτυρίες μεταναστών / Άφησαν το δικό τους σπίτι για να φροντίζουν τα δικά μας|url=https://www.avgi.gr/koinonia/433943_afisan-diko-toys-spiti-gia-na-frontizoyn-ta-dika-mas|access-date=2023-02-11|website=Αυγή|language=el}}</ref> == Toltolan == <references /> {{Tamboan}} == Mga panluwas na sumpay == * Opisyal na website [https://melissanetwork.org/ kan Melissa Network] 9vmfivloxhy9kqf7oow08l1z43lzvnd 0 50849 290412 282976 2025-07-02T06:10:09Z Derk29 17433 #WPWP #WPWPPH 290412 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox mythical creature|name=Wendigo|Region=[[Canada]]<br />[[United States]]|Grouping=[[Legendary creature]]|Sub_Grouping=[[Algonquian peoples|Algonquian]]}} [[Ladawan:Wendigo artistic image.jpg|thumb|Wendigo artistikong imahe]]   An '''Wendigo''' ( /ˈ w ɛ n d ɪ ɡ oʊ / ) sarong mitolohikong linalang o [[Demonyo|maraot na espiritu]] na gikan sa osipon kan mga Algonquian . An konsepto kan wendigo lakop nang ginagamit sa literatura asin iba pang mga obra nin arte, arog kan komentaryo sosyal asin fiction na makatatakot . An wendigo parating sinasabing sarong maraot na espiritu, na minsan piglaladawan bilang sarong linalang na may mga karakteristiko na garo tawo, na igwa nin mga tawo. Sinasabi na ini nagigin dahelan kan mga biktima kaini nin pakamate nin dai nababasog na gutom, an pagmawot na magkakan nin ibang tawo, asin an tendensiyang gumibo nin paggadan. Sa nagkapirang representasyon, an wendigo ilinaladawan bilang sarong higanteng humanoid na may pusong yelo, na an pagrani pigsenyas nin sarong maating baho o biglang dai napapanahon na lipot. <ref name="monstrum2">{{Cite episode|title=Windigo: The Flesh-Eating Monster of Native American Legend|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=guiuXIMZ2vE|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211212/guiuXIMZ2vE|archive-date=December 12, 2021|url-status=|access-date=March 20, 2021|series=Monstrum|series-link=Monstrum (Digital series)|surname=Zarka|given=Emily|subject-link=IMDbName:11828932|publisher=[[PBS Digital Studios]]|date=October 17, 2019|season=1|number=13}}</ref> Sa modernong sikyatriya, an helang na midbid bilang "Wendigo psychosis " nabibisto sa mga sintomas arog kan grabeng pagmawot sa laman nin tawo asin takot na magin sarong kanibal. <ref name="MNN2">{{cite web|first=Kahntineta|last=Horn|url=http://mohawknationnews.com/blog/tag/windigo-psychosis/|title=Boogie Men|website=mohawknationnews.com|publisher=Mohawk Nation News|location=[[Kahnawake]]|date=March 14, 2013|access-date=August 24, 2018}}</ref> An Wendigo psychosis ilinaladawan bilang sarong sindrom na nakabugkos sa kultura . Sa nagkapirang komunidad kan mga Enot na Nasyon, an mga sintomas arog kan dai nababasog na kahanaban asin pagkaraot kan kapalibutan pighuhuna man na mga sintomas kan wendigo psychosis. <ref name="MNN3">{{cite web|first=Kahntineta|last=Horn|url=http://mohawknationnews.com/blog/tag/windigo-psychosis/|title=Boogie Men|website=mohawknationnews.com|publisher=Mohawk Nation News|location=[[Kahnawake]]|date=March 14, 2013|access-date=August 24, 2018}}</ref> An wechuge sarong kaparehong linalang na minalataw sa mga alamat kan mga tawong Athabaskan kan Norte-sulnupan na Baybayon kan Pasipiko . Ini man kanibalistiko; alagad, ini pigbibisto bilang naliliwanagan sa mga pananaw kan mga apoon. <ref name="ridington">{{Cite journal|last=Ridington|first=Robin|date=1967|title=Wechuge and Windigo: A Comparison of Cannibal Belief Among Boreal Forest Athapaskans and Algonkians|journal=Anthropologica|location=Toronto, Ontario, Canada|publisher=University of Toronto Press|volume=18|issue=2|pages=107–129|doi=10.2307/25604963}}</ref> == Etimolohiya == An tataramon minalataw sa kadakol na mga tataramon kan mga Katutubong Amerikano, asin igwa nin kadakol na alternatibong mga traduksyon. An ginikanan kan tataramon na Ingles iyo an tataramon na Ojibwe na . Sa [[tataramon na Cree]] ini {{Transl|cr|wīhtikow}}, <ref>{{Cite book|title=Cree: Words|last=Wolvegrey|first=Arok|publisher=University of Regina Press|year=2001|isbn=978-0889771277|location=Regina, Saskatchewan}}</ref> na pigtransliterar man {{Transl|cr|wetiko}} . <ref name="Merasty1974">{{Cite book|title=The World of Wetiko: Tales from the Woodland Cree|last=Merasty|first=Marie|publisher=Saskatchewan Indian Cultural College|year=1974}}</ref> An ibang mga transliterasyon kabali an {{Lang|alg|Wiindigoo}}, {{Lang|alg|Weendigo}}, {{Lang|alg|Windego}}, {{Lang|alg|Wiindgoo}}, {{Lang|alg|Windgo}}, {{Lang|alg|Windago}}, {{Lang|alg|Windiga}}, {{Lang|alg|Wendego}}, {{Lang|alg|Windagoo}}, {{Lang|alg|Widjigo}}, {{Lang|alg|Wiijigoo}}, {{Lang|alg|Wijigo}}, {{Lang|alg|Weejigo}}, {{Lang|alg|Wìdjigò}}, {{Lang|alg|Wintigo}}, {{Lang|alg|Wentigo}}, {{Lang|alg|Wehndigo}}, {{Lang|alg|Wentiko}}, {{Lang|alg|Windgoe}}, {{Lang|alg|Wītikō}}, asin {{Lang|alg|Wintsigo}} . Sarong plural na porma {{Lang|alg|windigoag}} pigbabaybay man na {{Lang|alg|windegoag}}, {{Lang|alg|wiindigooag}}, o {{Lang|alg|windikouk}} . <ref name="NLO2">{{cite web|url=http://www.native-languages.org/windigo.htm|title=Windigo, the Ice Cannibal (Wendigo, Wiindigoo, Windgo, Windego)|website=native-languages.org|publisher=Native Languages of the Americas|location=Minneapolis, Minnesota|date=2015|access-date=August 22, 2018}}</ref> An terminong Proto-Algonquian pigkonstruhir giraray bilang , na pwedeng nangangahulugan na " [[Kuwaw|kuwago]] ". == Osipon == An wendigo parte kan tradisyonal na sistema nin pagtubod kan nagkapirang mga tawong nagtataram nin Algonquin, kabali an Ojibwe, an Saulteaux, an Cree, an Naskapi, asin an Innu . Dawa ngani an mga deskripsyon pwedeng magkaiba-iba, an komun sa gabos na kulturang ini iyo an paghiling na an wendigo sarong [[maraot]], kanibalistikong, [[Sobrenatural|supernatural]] na linalang. An mga ini marigon na konektado sa amihanan, tiglipot, lipot, tiggutom, asin gutom. Si Basil H. Johnston, sarong paratukdo asin iskolar nin Ojibwe gikan sa Ontario, naglaladawan nin sarong wendigo:  {{blockquote|The Wendigo was gaunt to the point of emaciation, its desiccated skin pulled tightly over its bones. With its bones pushing out against its skin, its complexion the ash-gray of death, and its eyes pushed back deep into their sockets, the Wendigo looked like a gaunt skeleton recently disinterred from the grave. What lips it had were tattered and bloody ... Unclean and suffering from suppuration of the flesh, the Wendigo gave off a strange and eerie odor of decay and decomposition, of death and corruption.<ref>{{harvcoltxt|Johnston|2001|p=221}}</ref>}} Sa Ojibwe, Eastern Cree, Westmain Swampy Cree, Naskapi, asin Innu lore, an mga wendigo parateng ilinaladawan bilang mga higante na dakol na beses na mas dakula kisa mga tawo, sarong karakteristiko na mayo sa mga mito sa ibang kulturang Algonquian. Sa kada pagkakan kan sarong wendigo nin ibang tawo, ini nagdadakula na proporsyonal sa pagkakan na kakanon pa sana kaini, kaya dai nanggad ini mabasog. Kaya, an mga wendigo pigladawan bilang sabay na parakakan asin labi-labi an payat huli sa gutom. An wendigo nahihiling bilang an pagkatawo nin pagkamapag-agom, kahanaban, asin sobrang: dai nanggad nakontento pagkatapos na gadanon asin uboson an sarong tawo, sinda danay na naghahanap nin mga bagong biktima. <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JJN3sY6TI0gC&q=wendigo+gluttony&pg=PA89|title=Rewriting Apocalypse in Canadian Fiction|last=Goldman|first=Marlene|date=2005|publisher=[[McGill-Queen's Press]]|isbn=978-0773572942|location=Montreal, Quebec, Canada|page=89}}</ref> An sarong wendigo dai kaipuhan na mawaran kan mga kapangyarihan nin tawo sa pag-isip o pagtaram asin sa nagkapirang paglaladawan pwedeng malinaw na makipag-ulay sa mga posibleng biktima kaini o maghuma o mag-olog-olog pa ngani sainda. Sarong espesimen nin istoryang folk na nakolekta kan amay na ika-20 siglo ni Lottie Chicogquaw Marsden, sarong etnograpo kan Chippewas kan Rama Enot na Nasyon, kun saen an sarong wendigo nagpapahiling man nin paggamit nin kasangkapan, kakayahan na makaligtas sa parsial na pagkaputol, asin autokanibalismo, nagbabasa: <ref name="archӕo">{{Cite journal|surname=Marsden|given=Lottie Chicogquaw|surname2=Laidlaw|given2=George Edward|author2-link=openlibrary:authors/OL2531934A|year=1918|editor1-surname=Orr|editor1-given=Roland B.|title=Ojibwa Myths and Tales|journal=Archӕological Report of the Canadian Institute|series=Archӕological Report Being Part of Appendix to the Report of the Minister of Education, Ontario|volume=30|location=[[Toronto]]|publisher=A.T. Wilgress|pages=104−105|oclc=270884230|id=Story No. 104}}</ref>  {{blockquote|One time long ago a big Windigo stole an Indian boy, but the boy was too thin, so the Windigo didn't eat him up right away, but he {{sic|travelled|nolink=y|hide=y|expected=traveled}} with the Indian boy waiting for him till he'd get fat. The Windigo had a knife and he'd cut the boy on the hand to see if he was fat enough to eat, but the boy didn't get fat. They {{sic|travelled|nolink=y|hide=y|expected=traveled}} too much. One day they came to an Indian village and the Windigo sent the boy to the Indian village to get some things for him to eat. He just gave the boy so much time to go there and back. The boy told the Indians that the Windigo was near them, and showed them his hand where the Windigo cut him to see if he was fat enough to eat. They heard the Windigo calling the boy. He said to the boy "Hurry up. Don't tell lies to those Indians." All of these Indians went to where the Windigo was and cut off his legs. They went back again to see if he was dead. He wasn't dead. He was eating the juice ([[Marrow adipose tissue|marrow]]) from the inside of the [[Leg bone|bones of his legs]] that were cut off. The Indians asked the Windigo if there was any fat on them. He said, "You bet there is, I have eaten lots of Indians, no wonder they are fat." The Indians then killed him and cut him to pieces. This was the end of this Giant Windigo.}} === Kanibalismo nin tawo === Sa nagkapirang tradisyon, an mga tawong nadaog nin kahanaban puedeng magin mga wendigo; an osipon kaya nagserbing paagi nin pag-enkaminar nin kooperasyon asin pag-iingat. An ibang mga pinagkukuanan nagsasabi na an mga wendigo ginibo kan an sarong tawo naggamit nin kanibalismo tanganing mabuhay. An mga tawo pwede man magin mga wendigo sa paagi nin pakikipag-ulay sa sainda sa halawig na panahon. === Seremonya nin pagpakusog kan mga bawal === Sa mga Assiniboine, Cree, asin Ojibwe, sarong satirikal na seremonyal na bayle an ginigibo kun minsan sa mga panahon nin gutom tanganing pakusugon an kaseryosohan kan bawal na wendigo. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="What taboo? What is being reinforced? (March 2022)">kaipuhan an paglilinaw</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> An seremonya, na midbid bilang ''wiindigookaanzhimowin'', ginigibo sa panahon nin tiggutom, asin imbuelto an pagsulot nin mga maskara asin pagbayle pabaliktad sa palibot nin sarong tambol. An huring aram na seremonya nin wendigo na ginibo sa Estados Unidos iyo an sa Lake Windigo kan Star Island kan Cass Lake, sa laog kan Leech Lake Indian Reservation sa norteng [[Minnesota]] . <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (July 2013)">nuarin?</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> <ref>{{Cite book|title=History of the Ojibway People|last=Warren|first=William W.|date=1984|publisher=Borealis Books|isbn=978-0873516433|edition=2|location=St. Paul, Minnesota}}</ref>  == Bilang sarong konsepto o metapora == Dugang pa sa pagdenotar nin sarong kanibalistikong halimaw gikan sa nagkapirang tradisyonal na osipon, an nagkapirang Katutubong Amerikano nakakasabot man kan wendigo sa konsepto. Bilang sarong konsepto, an wendigo pwedeng iaplikar sa arin man na tawo, ideya, o hiro na naulakitan nin sarong nakakaraot na pagmawot pasiring sa nagpapadakula sa sadiri na kahanaban asin sobrang pagkonsumo, mga ugale na nagsasabwag nin dai pagkakaoroyon asin pagkaraot kun dai makontrol. An iskolar na Ojibwe na si Brady DeSanti nagsasabi na an wendigo "pwedeng saboton bilang sarong marka na nagpapahiling... nin sarong tawo... na bakong balanse sa laog asin sa mas dakulang komunidad nin mga tawo asin espirituwal na mga linalang sa palibot ninda." <ref>{{Cite journal|last1=DeSanti|first1=Brady|title=The Cannibal Talking Head: Portrayals of the Wendigo 'Monster' in Popular Culture and Ojibwe Traditions|journal=Journal of Religion and Popular Culture|date=2015|volume=27|issue=3|page=197|doi=10.3138/jrpc.27.3.2938}}</ref> Huli sa pagkatimbang asin napapasuhay sa saindang mga komunidad, an mga indibidwal na pighuhuna na apektado kan espiritung wendigo nagbubukas asin rinaraot an ekolohikal na balanse sa palibot ninda. An nobelang ''The Round House'' kan kagsurat kan Chippewa na si Louise Erdrich, na nanggana kan National Book Award, naglaladawan nin sarong sitwasyon kun saen an sarong indibidwal na tawo nagigin sarong wendigo. Ilinaladawan kan nobela an pangenot na kalaban kaini, sarong paralugos na an mga madahas na krimen nagpaparaot sa sarong sagradong lugar, bilang sarong wendigo na dapat gadanon huli ta tinatakot niya an kaligtasan kan reserbasyon. Apuwera sa pag-karakterisar kan mga indibidwal na tawo na nagpapahiling nin mga tendensiyang mapanlaglag, an wendigo pwede man na magladawan nin mga hiro asin pangyayari na may kaparehong negatibong mga epekto. Susog ki Propesor Chris Schedler, an pigura kan wendigo nagrerepresentar nin "mga porma nin pag-eksklusyon asin pag-asimilasyon na nagkokonsumo" na sa paagi kaini an mga grupo nagdodominar sa ibang mga grupo. " <ref>{{Cite journal|title=Wiindigoo Sovereignty and Native Transmotion in Gerald Vizenor's Bearheart|date=2011}}</ref> An aplikasyon na ini nagtutugot sa mga Katutubong Amerikano na iladawan an kolonyalismo asin an mga ahente kaini bilang mga wendigo nin huli ta an proseso nin kolonyalismo nagpaluwas sa mga katutubo sa saindang daga asin nag-apon sa natural na kinaban sa luwas kan balanse. Itinuturo ni DeSanti an 1999 na pelikula na makatatakot ''na Ravenous'' bilang sarong ilustrasyon kan argumentong ini na nagpapantay kan "kanibal na halimaw" sa "kolonyal na Amerikano" asin an pelikula na ini nagtatampok nin sarong destinyal na Amerikano". karakter na nagsasabi na an pagpahiwas nagdadara nin pagbalyo asin pagkaraot bilang mga epekto, na nagpapaliwanag na an "hayag na kapaladan" asin "pagpahiwas sa sulnupan" magdadara nin "rinibong mga Amerikanong gutom sa bulawan... sa ibabaw kan kabukidan sa paghanap nin bagong buhay... An nasyon na ini naghahanap na magin bilog... Nag-uunat kan saiyang mga braso... asin pig-uubos an gabos na kaya kaini. Asin kami nagsusunod sana". <ref>{{Cite journal|title=The Cannibal Talking Head: Portrayals of the Wendigo 'Monster' in Popular Culture and Ojibwe Traditions|date=2015}}</ref> Bilang sarong konsepto, an wendigo pwedeng iaplikar sa mga sitwasyon na iba sa nagkapirang relasyon kan mga Katutubong Amerikano-Europeo. Pwede ining magserbing metapora na nagpapaliwanag kan anuman na halimbawa nin dominasyon na kun saen an mga grupo nagpapasakop asin nagdodominar o madahas na nagraraot asin nagpapahali. Si Joe Lockhard, propesor sa Ingles sa Arizona State University, nagtutulod na an mga wendigo mga ahente nin "sosyal na kanibalismo" na "dai nakakaaram nin mga linderos probinsyal o nasyonal; an gabos na kultura nin tawo binisita kan mga wendigo na nagbabago an porma. An saindang mga pagbisita nagtataram sa dai pagkakasuhay kan eksperyensya nin tawo... An nasyonal na identidad bakong mahalaga sa daing linderos na makatatakot na ini." <ref>{{Cite book|title=Facing the Windigoo: Gerald Vizenor and Primo Levi|last=Lockhard|first=Joe|date=2008|publisher=[[University of Nebraska Press]]|editor-last=Vizenor|editor-first=Gerald|location=Lincoln, Nebraska|pages=209–219}}</ref> An mga ideya ni Lockhard nagpapaliwanag na an mga wendigo sarong kapahayagan nin sarong madiklom na aspeto kan naturalesa nin tawo: an pagmawot pasiring sa kahanaban, pagkonsumo, asin pagbalewala sa ibang buhay sa paghanap nin pagpadakula sa sadiri. An romantikong iskolar asin dokumentarista [[imdbname:11828932|na si Emily Zarka]], sarong propesor man sa Arizona State University, nag-obserbar na an duwang pagkakapareho sa mga katutubong kultura kan mga parataram kan pamilya nin tataramon na Algonquian iyo na sinda namumugtak sa mga klima kun saen an maringis na tiglipot parateng nangyayari asin pwedeng may kaibang gutom. Sinasabi niya na an wendigo simbolikong nagrerepresentar nin tolong mayor na konsepto: ini an pagkatawo kan tiglipot, an pagkatawo kan gutom, asin an personipikasyon kan pagigin makasadiri. == Sa popular na kultura == [[Ladawan:Fan_Expo_2015_-_Wendigo_(21580330698).jpg|thumb| Sarong tawo na nakagubing bilang karakter na wendigo gikan sa serye sa telebisyon ''na Hannibal'' sa Fan Expo 2015]] [[Ladawan:Wendigo_Wintery_Forest.jpg|thumb| An paggibo nin sarong artista sa sarong wendigo na parateng piglaladawan sa kontemporanyong kulturang pop]] Dawa ngani laen sa kun pano ini minalataw sa tradisyonal na osipon, saro sa mga enot na paglataw nin sarong karakter na inspirasyon kan, o nginaranan sa, sarong wendigo sa literaturang bakong Katutubo iyo an 1910 na nobelang ''The Wendigo'' ni Algernon Blackwood . <ref>{{Cite book|title=The Willows, The Wendigo, & Other Horrors|last=Blackwood|first=Algernon|date=2014|publisher=Oldstyle Tales Press|isbn=9781507564011|editor-last=Kellermeyer|editor-first=M. Grant|pages=215–263}}</ref> [[openlibrary:authors/OL7624854A|Si Joe Nazare]] nagsurat na an "subtly-demonizing retoric ni Blackwood nagbabago kan Wendigo gikan sa sarong katutubong mito pasiring sa sarong deskriptibong plantilya para sa Indian savage ." <ref name="nazare2000">{{Cite journal|title=The Horror! The Horror? The Appropriation, and Reclamation, of Native American Mythology|location=|publisher=}}</ref> An obra ni Blackwood nakaimpluwensya sa kadakol na mga suminunod na paglaladawan sa mainstream na horror fiction, <ref name="heller2">{{cite web|url=http://www.public.coe.edu/~theller/essays/petsem.htm|title=Love, and Death in Stephen King's 'Pet Sematary'|author=Heller, Terry|access-date=March 29, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070816191441/http://www.public.coe.edu/~theller/essays/petsem.htm|archive-date=August 16, 2007}}</ref> arog kan "The Thing that Walked on the Wind" ni August Derleth asin "Ithaqua" (1933 asin 1941), na iyo man an nagin inspirasyon kan karakter sa nobelang Stephen King, ''Pet Pet Sematary'' kun saen ini sarong persona maraot, sarong pangit na nakangisi na linalang na may mga mata na giyaw-abohon, mga talinga na sinalidahan nin mga sungay nin karnero, puting alisngaw na naghahale sa mga dungo kaini, asin sarong matarom, nabubulok na giyaw na dila. <ref name="heller3">{{cite web|url=http://www.public.coe.edu/~theller/essays/petsem.htm|title=Love, and Death in Stephen King's 'Pet Sematary'|author=Heller, Terry|access-date=March 29, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070816191441/http://www.public.coe.edu/~theller/essays/petsem.htm|archive-date=August 16, 2007}}</ref> An mga obrang ini nagbugtak kan plantilya para sa mga masunod na paglaladawan sa popular na kultura, na minsan ngani sinasalidahan an mga istorya kan mga Katutubong Amerikano. Sa sarong amay na halipot na istorya ni Thomas Pynchon, "Mortality and Mercy in Vienna" (enot na ipinublikar kan 1959), an istorya nakasentro sa sarong karakter na nagkakaigwa nin Wendigo syndrome asin naggigibo nin sarong paggadan. Kan 1973 sarong karakter na inspirasyon kan wendigo an nagluwas sa mga komiks na Amerikano na ipinublikar kan Marvel Comics . Ginibo kan parasurat na si Steve Englehart asin kan artista na si Herb Trimpe, an halimaw resulta kan sarong sumpa na nagpapasakit sa mga naggigibo nin mga akto nin kanibalismo. An bersyon kan Marvel Comics dai nakakaagid sa tradisyonal na wendigo na piglaladawan kan popular na kultura, kundi sarong garo si Bigfoot na may buhok na pirak. Ini enot na nagluwas sa ''The Incredible Hulk'' #162 (Abril 1973), asin giraray sa Oktubre 1974 na isyu. An mga kontemporanyong mga obrang Katutubo na nag-eeksplorar kan alamat kabali an 1995 na nobelang [[openlibrary:works/OL2423169W|''Solar Storms'']], kan kagsurat asin pararawitdawit na si Linda K. Hogan ( Chickasaw ), na nag-eeksplorar kan mga istorya kan wendigo asin pig-iinkorporar an mga linalang bilang sarong aparato tanganing mag-usisa kan mga isyu nin independensya, espirituwalidad, politika, relasyon kan sarong indibidwal sa pamilya, asin bilang sarong metapora para sa pagboto, kapangyarihan asin pag-eksplorar kan korporasyon - gabos pighihiling bilang sarong klase nin kanibalismo. <ref name="NDQ070-3">{{Cite journal|title=Water and Ice: Restoring Balance to the World in Linda Hogan's ''Solar Storms''|publisher=[[University of North Dakota]]|date=Summer 2003}}</ref> ''An Wrist'', an 2016 na debut na nobela kan parasurat nin horror fiction kan First Nations na si Nathan Niigan Noodin Adler ( Lac Des Milles Lacs Anishinaabe ), <ref>{{cite web|last=O'Connell|first=Grace|url=http://open-book.ca/News/The-In-Character-Interview-with-Nathan-Niigan-Noodin-Adler|title=The In Character Interview with Nathan Niigan Noodin Adler|website=Open Book|date=August 9, 2016|access-date=October 4, 2022}}</ref> pinagsasaro an tradisyonal na alamat kan Ojibwe sa mga ideya kan kagsurat na inspirasyon kan mga bakong Katutubo na parasurat arog ni Anne Rice asin Tim Powers . An ibang mga linalang na nakabasar sa alamat, o nginaranan para digdi, minalataw sa manlaen-laen na pelikula asin palabas sa telebisyon, kabali ''an Dark Was the Night'', ''Ravenous'' (1999), ''The Lone Ranger'' (2013), <ref>{{Cite journal|last=DiMarco|first=Danette|title=Going Wendigo: The Emergence of the Iconic Monster in Margaret Atwood's Oryx and Crake and Antonia Bird's Ravenous|date=2011}}</ref> asin an 2021 na pelikula ''na Antlers'' ni Scott Cooper, kun saen an wendigo pigladawan bilang sarong linalang na garo usa na may nagliliwanag na puso na naghihiro gikan sa sarong tawong dai nanggad natatapos gutom. Si Guillermo del Toro, an prodyuser kan pelikula, nagmukna kan wendigo sa basehan na kun mas dakol an kinakakan kan linalang, mas nagugutom asin mas nagugutom, mas maluya ini. <ref>{{cite web|last1=Song|first1=Katie|title='Antlers' Director Scott Cooper on the Wendigo Within: 'You Can't Escape It'|url=https://variety.com/2021/film/news/antlers-scott-cooper-guillermo-del-toro-wendigo-1235099049/|website=Variety|date=October 28, 2021|access-date=November 1, 2021}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web|last1=Pagan|first1=Beatrice|title=Antlers: Guillermo del Toro e Scott Cooper svelano il significato del Wendigo|url=https://movieplayer.it/news/antlers-guillermo-del-toro-scott-cooper-significato-wendigo_84325/|website=movieplayer.it|access-date=November 1, 2021}}</ref> Sa 2021 na pelikula ''na The Inhuman (L'Inhumain)'' an pag-abot kan sarong wendigo nagsisimbolo nin panlaog na kariribokan pagkatapos na an sarong karakter magtalikod sa saiyang pamana nin Katutubo sa paghanap nin materyal na kapangganahan. An manlaen-laen na karakter na inspirado kan alamat, o nginaranan para digdi, minalataw sa mga role-playing video games, arog kan 2018's ''Fallout 76'' kan Bethesda Game Studios, kun saen an mga wendigo itinampok bilang saro sa mga kaiwal na cryptid na nakua sa lugar kan Appalachia, na nagbago gikan sa mga tawong nagkakakan nin laman nin tawo na nakasolo. <ref>{{cite web|last1=Pagan|first1=Beatrice|title=Antlers: Guillermo del Toro e Scott Cooper svelano il significato del Wendigo|url=https://movieplayer.it/news/antlers-guillermo-del-toro-scott-cooper-significato-wendigo_84325/|website=movieplayer.it|access-date=November 1, 2021}}</ref> Sa 2018 first-person shooter video game ''na Dusk'', an mga wendigo mga kaiwal na nagdadanay na dai nahihiling sagkod na sinda makaresibe nin danyos. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thegamer.com/dusk-scariest-enemies/|title=The Scariest Enemies In Dusk|website=www.thegamer.com|date=October 30, 2021}}</ref> An nagkapira sa mga linalang na ini minalataw man sa cover art kan laro. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://howlongtobeat.com/game?id=50829&s=reviews|title=DUSK (2018)|website=How Long to Beat|date=December 10, 2018}}</ref> == Toltolan == <references /> {{Tamboan}} [[Kategorya:Pages with unreviewed translations]] l9jyf1vodwsv4m2t5th19g3nn8bsvw1 0 50873 290393 283192 2025-07-02T01:34:30Z InternetArchiveBot 17127 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 290393 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox" | colspan="2" id="8" class="infobox-image" |[[File:Goblin_illustration_from_19th_century.png|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Goblin_illustration_from_19th_century.png|sentro|daing kwadro]]<div id="11" class="infobox-caption"><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="33">Goblin illustration by [[:en:John_D._Batten|John D. Batten]] from "[[:en:English_Fairy_Tales|English Fairy Tales]]" (19th century)</span></div> |- id="15" ! scope="row" id="16" class="infobox-label" |<span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="33">Grouping</span> | id="18" class="infobox-data" |<span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="33">Diminutive spirit</span> |- id="20" ! scope="row" id="21" class="infobox-label" |<span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="33">Similar entities</span> | id="23" class="infobox-data" |<span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="33">[[:en:Fairy|Fairies]], [[:en:Demon|demons]], [[:en:Brownie_(folklore)|brownies]], [[:en:Dwarf_(folklore)|dwarfs]], [[:en:Duende|duendes]], [[:en:Gnome|gnomes]], [[:en:Imp|imps]], and [[:en:Kobold|kobolds]].</span> |} <span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="33">An '''goblin''' sarong sadit, [[Grotesque|makatatakot]], [[Mampak|makangingirhat]] na humanoid na linalang na minalataw sa [[Folklore|mga osipon]] kan manlaen-laen na kultura sa Europa.</span> <span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="37">Enot na pinatunayan sa mga istorya kan [[Middle Ages|Edad Media]], sinda pig-aatribwir na magkakontrahan an mga kakayahan, ugali, asin itsura depende sa istorya asin nasyon na ginikanan, poon sa [[Mischievous|mga malisyosong]] [[Household deity|espiritu sa harong]] sagkod sa mga malisyoso, hayop na mga parahabon. <ref>{{Cite book|title=Hobgoblin and Sweet Puck: Fairy names and natures|last=Edwards|first=Gillian|publisher=[[Geoffrey Bles]]|year=1974|isbn=9780713807103|location=London|language=English}}</ref> <ref name=":12">{{Cite journal|last=Shaijan|first=Annliya|date=2019-03-27|title=Goblin Mythology: A Brief Study of the Archetype, Tracing the Explications in English Literature|url=https://socialscienceresearch.org/index.php/GJHSS/article/view/2799|journal=Global Journal of Human-Social Science Research|language=en|volume=19|issue=4|issn=2249-460X|access-date=2022-05-19|archive-date=2022-04-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220410014437/https://socialscienceresearch.org/index.php/GJHSS/article/view/2799|url-status=dead|archivedate=2022-04-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220410014437/https://socialscienceresearch.org/index.php/GJHSS/article/view/2799}}</ref></span> <span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="41">Parati sindang igwa nin mga mahiwason na kakayahan na kapareho kan sarong [[Fairy|engkanto]] o [[demonyo]], arog kan kakayahan na [[Shapeshifting|magbago nin porma]] .</span> <span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="45">An mga kaparehong linalang kabali an [[Brownie (folklore)|mga brownies]], [[Duwende (Dwarf, folklore)|dwarves]], [[Duwende|duendes]], [[Gnome|gnomes]], [[Imp|imps]], [[Leprechaun|leprechauns]], asin [[Kobold|kobolds]], alagad ini man parateng ginagamit bilang sarong pankagabsan na termino para sa gabos na saradit, [[fay]] na linalang. <ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=Shaijan|first=Annliya|date=2019-03-27|title=Goblin Mythology: A Brief Study of the Archetype, Tracing the Explications in English Literature|url=https://socialscienceresearch.org/index.php/GJHSS/article/view/2799|journal=Global Journal of Human-Social Science Research|language=en|volume=19|issue=4|issn=2249-460X|access-date=2022-05-19|archivedate=2022-04-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220410014437/https://socialscienceresearch.org/index.php/GJHSS/article/view/2799}}</ref></span> <span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="54">An termino minsan pinalalakop tanganing maglaog nin mga linalang na garo goblin kan ibang kultura, arog kan [[pukwudgie]], [[dokkaebi]], o [[ifrit]] .</span> == <span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="59">Etimolohiya</span> == <span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="60">An mga alternatibong pagbaybay kabali an ''gobblin'', ''gobeline'', ''gobling'', ''goblyn'', ''goblino'', asin ''gobbelin'' .</span> <span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="61">An terminong "goblette" ginamit sa pagsambit sa mga babaeng goblin. <ref>{{Cite book|title=[[The Color of Her Panties]]|last=Anthony|first=Piers|year=1992|quote=You can't move me out, you skirted goblette.}}</ref></span> <span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="62">An tataramon na ''goblin'' enot na naitala kan ika-14 siglo asin posibleng gikan sa dai napatunayan na Anglo-Norman ''na *gobelin'', na kapareho kan Lumang Pranses ''na gobelin'', na napatunayan na kan mga taon 1195 sa [[Ambroise|Ambroise kan Normandy]] na ''Guerre sainte'', asin sa [[Medieval Latin]] ''na gobelinus'' sa [[Orderic Vitalis]] bago an pangaran <ref>[[Du Cange]] et al, ''Glossarium mediae et infimae latinitatis'' ...(online French and Latin)</ref> nin sarong demonyo o demonyo na nag-aatake sa nasyon sa palibot [[Évreux|kan Évreux]], Normandy.</span> <span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="67">Pwede ining may relasyon sa Aleman ''[[Kobold|na kobold]]'' asin sa Latin kan Edad Media ''na cabalus'' - o ''*gobalus'', mismo gikan sa [[Tataramon na Griego|Griyegong]] κόβαλος ( ''kobalos'' ), "rogue", "knave", "imp", "goblin". <ref name="cnrtl.fr">[http://www.cnrtl.fr/etymologie/gobelin CNRTL etymology of ''gobelin'' (online French)]</ref></span> <span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="70">''An Kobold'' na Aleman igwa kan ugat na Aleman ''na kov-'' (Tahaw na Aleman ''na Kobe'' "pailihan, lungib", "lubang sa sarong gapo", Dial. Ingles ''na cove'' "lubang sa sarong gapo", Ingles "natatahoban na lungib sa sarong baybayon", Lumang Norse ''kofi'' "kubo, kulungan" ) na an orihinal na boot sabihon sarong "lubang sa daga". <ref>Duden, ''Herkunftswörterbuch : Etymologie der deutschen Sprache'', Band 7, Dudenverlag, p. 359 : '''Kobel, koben, Kobold'''.</ref> [</span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="71">An tataramon posibleng may relasyon sa Dial.</span> <span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="72">Norman ''gobe'' "hollow in a cliff", na may simpleng suffix ''-lin'' o dobleng [[Suffixation|suffix]] ''-el-in'' (cf. Norman na mga apelyido ''na Beuzelin'', <ref>[http://www.geopatronyme.com/cgi-bin/carte/nomcarte.cgi?nom=Beuzelin&image.x=0&image.y=0 Géopatronyme : surname ''Beuzelin'' in France (online French)]{{Dead link|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ''Gosselin'', <ref>Géopatronyme : surname ''Gosselin'' in France (online French) [http://www.geopatronyme.com/cgi-bin/carte/nomcarte.cgi?nom=Gosselin&image.x=0&image.y=0 Gosselin] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220410014440/http://www.geopatronyme.com/cgi-bin/carte/nomcarte.cgi?nom=Gosselin&image.x=0&image.y=0 |date=2022-04-10 }}</ref> ''Étancelin'', <ref>{{Cite web |title=Géopatronyme : surname ''Étancelin'' in France (online French) |url=http://www.geopatronyme.com/cgi-bin/carte/nomcarte.cgi?nom=%E9tancelin&image.x=11&image.y=9 |access-date=2025-02-16 |archive-date=2022-04-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220410014440/http://www.geopatronyme.com/cgi-bin/carte/nomcarte.cgi?nom=%E9tancelin&image.x=11&image.y=9 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> asin iba pa) <ref>[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dko%2Fbalos κόβαλος], Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'', on Perseus</ref></span> <span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="74">Sa ibong na lado, ini pwedeng sarong diminutive o iba pang derivative kan Pranses [[Proper name|na proper name]] ''na Gobel'', mas parati ''Gobeau'', <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=goblin|title=Goblin|work=The Online Etymological Dictionary|last=Harper|first=Douglas|author-link=Douglas Harper|access-date=2011-12-20}}</ref> diminutive forms ''Gobelet, Goblin, Goblot'', alagad an saindang kahulugan posibleng "sarong tawo na nagtitinda nin mga tumbler o beaker o tasa". <ref>[[Albert Dauzat]], ''Noms et prénoms de France'', Librairie Larousse 1980, édition revue et commentée par [[Marie-Thérèse Morlet]]. p. 295 '''Gobel'''.</ref></span> <span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="76">Dugang pa, an mga pangaran na ini bakong hale sa Normandy, kun saen an tataramon na ''gobelin, gobelinus'' enot na naglataw sa mga lumang dokumento.</span> <span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="77">An [[Welsh language|Welsh]] ''coblyn'', sarong klase nin [[Knocker (folklore)|paratuktok]], gikan sa Lumang Pranses ''na gobelin'' sa paagi kan Ingles ''na goblin'' . <ref>Franklin, Anna (2002). "Goblin", ''The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Fairies''. London: Paper Tiger. {{ISBN|1-84340-240-8}}. p. 108</ref></span> == <span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="80">Sa osipon</span> == [[Ladawan:The_princess_and_the_goblin_(1920)_(14566641580).jpg|alt=An illustration of a group of goblins surrounding a small child.|thumb|<span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="81">''[[The Princess and the Goblin|An Prinsesa asin an Goblin]]'' ni [[George MacDonald]], na pig-ilustrar ni Jessie Willcox Smith, 1920</span>]] === <span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="84">Osipon kan mga taga-Europa</span> === * <span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="85">An mga goblin lakop sa mga osipon [[English folklore|na Ingles]], [[Scottish folklore|Scottish]], [[Welsh folklore|Welsh]] asin [[Irish folklore|Irish]], na nagseserbing pankagabsan na termino para sa gabos na klase nin maraot o malisyosong mga espiritu.</span> * <span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="90">Sa Pransya, an mga duende asosyado sa rehiyon kan Normandy.</span> <span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="91">An tataramon na "gobelin" nasambit sa enot na pagkakataon kan ika-12 siglo, sa mga teksto ni Orderic Vital.</span> <span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="92">Ilinaladawan iyan bilang sarong maraot na linalang o maraot an intension na espiritu na nag-eerok sa rehion nin Évreux.</span> <span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="93">Sa mga istorya kan Brittany, igwa nin mga linalang na nakakaagid sa mga goblin, arog kan mga korrigan, saradit na linalang na may koneksyon sa mga nakataas na gapo asin mga suanoy na lolobngan.</span> <span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="94">Gusto nindang maghanap nin mga natatagong kayamanan asin maggibo nin mga joke sa mga tawo.</span> <span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="95">An mga Korrigan asin Norman goblin mga espiritu nin naturalesa na pwedeng magin maboot o maraot depende sa istorya.</span> * <span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="96">An [[redcap]] sarong klase nin goblin na nagkukulay kan saiyang sombrero sa dugo nin tawo sa osipon [[Anglo-Scottish border|kan linderos kan Anglo-Scottish]] .</span> <span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="99">Siya sarong maraot na goblin, na midbid sa saiyang kabangisan asin pagmawot sa dugo.</span> <span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="100">An Redcap, bakong arog kan ibang parating malibog o ambivalent na mga linalang na engkanto, sa pundamental nakakatakot asin nakakatakot sa mga istoryang pig-iistorya kaini.</span> * <span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="101">[[Hobgoblin|An mga Hobgoblin]] mga makikatood na [[Trickster|mga trickster]] goblin gikan sa [[English language in England|Ingles]], [[Scots language|Scottish]], asin [[Pilgrims (Plymouth Colony)|Pilgrim]] folklore asin literatura. <ref name=":13">{{Cite journal|last=Shaijan|first=Annliya|date=2019-03-27|title=Goblin Mythology: A Brief Study of the Archetype, Tracing the Explications in English Literature|url=https://socialscienceresearch.org/index.php/GJHSS/article/view/2799|journal=Global Journal of Human-Social Science Research|language=en|volume=19|issue=4|issn=2249-460X|access-date=2022-05-19|archivedate=2022-04-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220410014437/https://socialscienceresearch.org/index.php/GJHSS/article/view/2799}}</ref></span> <span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="107">Sinda an kabaliktaran kan mga redcap, sinda mas maboot na mga goblin asin mga prankster, na parateng nasambit sa mga osipon sa Ingles.</span> <span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="108">An mga awtor arog ni William Shakespeare (Puck in A Midsummer Night's Dream) nagpasikat kan mga hobgoblin, na mga espiritu sa harong na nagtatao nin tabang sa mga tawo karibay nin kakanon o iba pang mga dolot.</span> * <span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="109">An Hade kan mga Alder, o [[Erlking]] (Aleman: Erlkönig), sarong mitolohikong karakter sa osipon na Aleman.</span> <span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="111">An Erlking ipinapahiling bilang sarong malisyosong supernatural na linalang na nakakaakit, nakakaakit o nakakatakot sa mga kaakian bago sinda raoton.</span> <span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="112">An mga kobold sa Alemania kapareho kan mga goblin, na parati may relasyon sa mga minahan asin harong.</span> <span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="113">Bakong arog kan saindang mga katimbang na Pranses asin Briton, an mga kobold minsan pigkokonsiderar na mga mapagmalasakit na katabang sa harong, alagad sinda puedeng maanggot kun naaanggot.</span> <span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="114">An saindang pangaran etimolohikal na asosyado sa kobalt, na saro man na mineral (kobalt), na nagpapahiling kan saindang koneksyon sa mga aktibidad sa pagmimina.</span> * <span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="115">An [[trasgu]] sarong mitolohikong linalang na Espanyol Norte asin Portuges Norte na may ginikanan na Celtic asin Romano.</span> <span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="117">Tanganing magin mas eksakto, an mga goblin minalataw sa mga osipon kan norteng Espanya (Asturias asin Galicia) asin norteng Portugal bilang mga Trasgos o Trasgus.</span> <span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="118">An mga maraot na espiritung ini may tendensiyang maglaog sa mga harong, magbalyo nin mga bagay o magcausa nin kariribokan.</span> <span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="119">Igwa nin sarong interesanteng tampok kan Trasgus: sinda may tendensiyang maggibo nin mga trabaho sa harong kun dai pa natatapos kan iba.</span> <span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="120">Minsan siring, puede man sindang magcausa nin mga problema kun an pagmate ninda iniinsulto o pinababayaan.</span> === <span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="121">Mga linalang na garo goblin sa ibang kultura</span> === * <span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="122">An [[pukwudgie]] sarong klase nin goblin gikan sa osipon [[Wamponoag|kan Wamponoag]] .</span> * <span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="125">An [[Muki (mythology)|muki]] sarong maluspad na goblin na nag-eerok sa mga kuweba sa Andes sa osipon kan mga Quechuan.</span> * <span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="127">Sa South Korea, an mga goblin, na midbid bilang [[dokkaebi]] (도깨비), mga importanteng linalang sa osipon, kun saen sinda nagtatao nin balos sa mga marahay na tawo asin nagpapadusa sa mga maraot, na nagtutugtog sa sainda.</span> * <span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="129">Sa Bangladesh, an mga tawong Santal nagtutubod sa [[gudrobonga]] na kapareho nanggad kan mga goblin.</span> * <span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="131">Sa Timog Indya, [[Kuttichathan|si Kuttichathan]] sarong klase nin malisyoso/maraot na goblin na pangenot na makukua sa mga osipon kan Kerala.</span> * <span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="133">Sa mitolohiya kan Aprika del Sur, an [[Tikoloshe|tokoloshe]] (o tikoloshe o tikoloshi) sarong linalang na garo enano na kapareho kan sarong goblin.</span> * <span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="135">An mga goblin minsan pig-iiba sa mga [[jinn]], partikularmente [[Ifrit|an ifrit]] asin [[Ghoul|ghilan]], kan kulturang [[Islam|Islamiko]] . <ref>[[Sally M. Promey|Promey, Sally M.]] (2014) ''Sensational Religion: Sensory Cultures in Material Practice''. Yale University Press. {{ISBN|9780300187359}} pp. 99–100</ref></span> == <span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="140">Sa fiction</span> == === <span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="141">Mga osipon asin osipon kan mga tawo</span> === * <span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="142">[[Narrative poem|An naratibong rawitdawit]] ni [[Christina Rossetti]] ''[[Goblin Market|na Goblin Market]]''</span> * <span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="146">''[[The Princess and the Goblin|An Prinsesa asin an Goblin]]'' ni [[George MacDonald]]</span> * <span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="149">"An Goblin Pony", gikan ''[[The Grey Fairy Book|sa The Grey Fairy Book]]'' (French fairy tale)</span> * <span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="151">"An Maboot na Goblin", gikan sa ''[[Gesta Romanorum]]'' (Inglatera) <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.apples4theteacher.com/holidays/halloween/kids-short-stories/the-benevolent-goblin.html|title=Apples4theTeacher - short stories|access-date=2007-06-15|archive-date=2017-08-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170827034647/http://www.apples4theteacher.com/holidays/halloween/kids-short-stories/the-benevolent-goblin.html|url-status=}}</ref></span> * <span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="153">"An mga Goblin sa Bath House" (Estonia), gikan sa ''[[A Book of Ghosts and Goblins]]'' (1969)</span> * <span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="155">"An mga Goblin Nagin Gapo" (Osipon na Olandes) <ref>[https://www.gutenberg.org/files/7871/7871-h/7871-h.htm ''Dutch Fairy Tales for Young Folks''], 1918, compiled by [[William Elliot Griffis]]</ref></span> * <span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="156">Hadeng Gobb (istorya kan mga Gypsy sa Moldova)</span> * <span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="158">An mga goblin itinampok sa mga osipon na Danish ''na The Elf Mound'', ''[[The Goblin and the Grocer]]'', asin ''[[The Goblin and the Woman]]'' .</span> * <span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="161">An mga goblin itinampok sa osipon kan Norway ''[[The Christmas Visitors at Kvame|na The Christmas Visitors at Kvame]]'' .</span> * <span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="163">An mga goblin itinampok sa mga osipon na Swedish ''[[The Four Big Trolls and Little Peter Pastureman|na The Four Big Trolls asin Little Peter Pastureman]]'' asin ''[[Dag and Daga and the Flying Troll of Sky Mountain|Dag asin Daga asin an Flying Troll kan Sky Mountain]]'' kun saen sinda nabubuhay sa tahaw kan mga troll kaiba an mga sprite asin gnome.</span> * <span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="166">An mga goblin itinampok sa osipon na Pranses na inaapod na ''[[The Golden Branch]]'' .</span> * <span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="168">''[[Chinese Ghouls and Goblins|Mga Intsik na Ghouls asin Goblins]]'' (Inglatera 1928)</span> * <span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="170">"An Goblin kan Adachigahara" (osipon na Hapon) <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rickwalton.com/folktale/japan11.htm|title=Rick Walton - folktale|access-date=2007-06-15|archive-date=2007-08-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070825094218/http://www.rickwalton.com/folktale/japan11.htm|url-status=}}</ref></span> * <span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="171">''[[The Boy Who Drew Cats|An Aking Lalaki na Nagdrowing nin mga Pusa]]'' (olay na Hapon)</span> * <span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="173">''Beinte-Dos na Goblins'' (Indian fairy tale) <ref>Ryder, Arthur W. (1917) [http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/ttg/index.htm Twenty-two Goblins]. Sacred texts</ref></span> * <span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="174">An Koreanong kanta sa nursery na 'Mountain Goblin(산도깨비)' nag-iistorya nin pagsabat sa sarong [[dokkaebi]] asin pagdulag tanganing mabuhay.</span> === <span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="176">Modernong osipon</span> === <span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="177">Sa ''[[The Hobbit]]'' ni [[J. R. R. Tolkien|JRR Tolkien]] an mga maraot na linalang na nabubuhay sa Misty Mountains inaapod na mga goblin.</span> <span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="180">Sa ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', an parehong mga linalang sa pangenot inaapod na [[Orc|mga orko]] kun saen an pangaran na goblin ginamit para sa mga mas hababang orko.</span> [[Ladawan:DnD_Goblin.png|alt=An illustration of a goblin wearing armour made of leather and skulls, wielding a cutlass.|thumb|<span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="183">Representasyon kan sarong goblin siring sa minalataw sa pantasya na role-playing game ''[[Dungeons & Dragons|na Dungeons & Dragons]]''</span>]] <span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="185">An mga goblinoid sarong kategorya nin [[Humanoid|mga humanoid]] [[Legendary creature|na alamat na linalang]] na may relasyon sa goblin.</span> <span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="188">An termino na ini nagin popular sa ''Dungeons & Dragons'' fantasy role-playing game, <ref name="AshgateMonsters">{{Cite book|title=The Ashgate Encyclopedia of Literary and Cinematic Monsters|last=Weinstock|first=Jeffrey|publisher=Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.|year=2014|isbn=9781409425625}}</ref> kun saen an mga goblin asin mga kaugnay na linalang sarong staple kan [[Random encounter|mga random na engkwentro]] .</span> <span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="190">An mga goblinoid tipikal na mga [[Barbarian|barbarong]] kaiwal kan manlaen-laen [[Race (fantasy)|na mga rasa]] nin tawo asin " [[Demi-human|demi-tawo]] ".</span> <span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="194">Dawa ngani an mga goblinoid sa modernong pantasyang fiction hale sa [[Orc (Middle-earth)|mga orko]] ni [[J. R. R. Tolkien|JRR Tolkien]], an mga mayor na klase nin goblinoid sa ''Dungeons & Dragons'' iyo an [[Goblin (Dungeons & Dragons)|mga goblin]], [[bugbear]] asin [[hobgoblin]] ; an mga linalang na ini mga pigura man kan mitolohiya, kataid kan mga ordinaryong goblin.</span> <span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="200">Sa serye nin librong ''[[Harry Potter]]'' asin [[Wizarding World|sa pinag-iribang uniberso]] kun saen [[Harry Potter (film series)|an mga adaptasyon kaini sa pelikula]] nakabugtak, an mga goblin ilinaladawan bilang mga pambihira, alagad sibilisado, mga humanoid na parati nagseserbing mga bangkero o mga artesano.</span> <span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="204">Sa seryeng ''[[Discworld]]'' ni [[Terry Pratchett]], an mga goblin sa primero sarong hinahamak asin linilikayan na rasa sa irarom kan daga; alagad, sa mga huring libro, an mga goblin sa kahurihurihi pinagsararo sa ibang mga rasa, asin an saindang mga talento sa mekanikal asin inhenyeriya nagigin na pinapahalagahan.</span> <span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="207">An [[Green Goblin]] sarong midbid na [[supervillain]], saro sa mga pangenot na kaiwal ni [[Spider-Man]], na igwa nin manlaen-laen na kakayahan kabali an pinauswag na tibay, tibay, liksi, mga reflex asin superhuman na kusog huli sa pag-inom nin sarong substansiya na midbid bilang "Goblin Formula".</span> <span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="211">Nagluwas siya sa manlaen-laen na media na may relasyon [[Spider-Man|sa Spider-Man]], arog kan mga komiks, serye sa telebisyon, mga video game, asin mga pelikula, kabali ''[[Spider-Man (2002 film)|an Spider-Man]]'' (2002) asin ''[[Spider-Man: No Way Home]]'' (2021) bilang [[Norman Osborn]], asin ''[[Spider-Man 3]]'' (2007) asin ''[[The Amazing Spider-Man 2]]'' (2014) bilang [[Harry Osborn]] .</span> <span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="219">Igwa pang ibang mga karakter na may relasyon sa goblin arog kan [[Hobgoblin (comics)|Hobgoblin]], [[Grey Goblin]], asin [[Menace (Marvel Comics)|Menace]] .</span> <span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="223">Sa serye nin video game ''[[Elder Scrolls|na Elder Scrolls]]'', an mga goblin sarong maringis na lahi nin hayop na sinasabing naggikan sa Summerset Isle, na pwedeng mag-iba sa kadakulaan poon sa pagigin mas sadit kisa sa sarong Wood Elf sagkod sa pagigin mas dakula kisa sa sarong Nord asin mahilig mag-istar sa mga basang lugar arog kan mga kuweba asin mga imburnal.</span> <span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="225">Sa mga enot na traduksiyon sa Ingles, ''[[The Smurfs|an mga Smurf]]'' inaapod na mga goblin. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblio.com/9780854081530|title=9780854081530 - Dilly Duckling and the Goblins by Peyo; Matagne|website=www.biblio.com|access-date=2019-12-22}}</ref></span> <span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="227">An [[McDonald's]] Fry Guys inaapod na Gobblins sa mga naenot na patalastas [[McDonaldland|kan McDonaldland]] .</span> <span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="230">An prangkisa ''[[Goosebumps|kan Goosebumps]]'' igwa nin librong ''[[Goosebumps House of Shivers]]'' na inaapod ''Goblin Monday'' na nagtatampok kan mga goblin.</span> <span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="233">Sinda pigladawan bilang halipot na mga linalang na may berdeng barahibo, sungay, matarom na talinga asin garo pusa na mga mata na nag-aako nin porma nin tawo tanganing dayaon an mga tawo.</span> <span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="234">Dugang pa, an mga goblin dai kayang atubangon an nutmeg nin huli ta ini sana an saindang kaluyahan.</span> == <span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="235">Mga pangaran nin lugar na may relasyon sa mga goblin</span> == * <span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="236">'An Gap kan Goeblin', sarong labot asin tunel sa [[Mortain]], Pransya. <ref>Tichy, Jaroslav (1990) ''Ghosts, Goblins, and Haunted Castles'', Aventinum Publishers. p. 51</ref></span> * <span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="238">[https://www.streetcheck.co.uk/postcode/sk136jw Hobroyd] (na an boot sabihon 'paglinig nin mga goblin'), High Peak, Derbyshire, UK. <ref>[http://epns.nottingham.ac.uk/browse/id/53284ccbb47fc4095c000a05-Hobroyd Hobroyd, Survey of English Place-Names]{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. University of Nottingham</ref></span> * <span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="239">[[Goblin Combe]], sa norteng Somerset, UK</span> * <span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="241">[[Goblin Valley State Park]], Utah, Estados Unidos</span> * <span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="243">[[Yester Castle]] (bisto man sa apod na "Goblin Hall") East Lothian, Scotland</span> * <span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="245">Goblin Bay, [[Beausoleil Island|Isla nin Beausoleil]], [[Ontario]], Canada</span> * <span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="248">[[Cowcaddens|Mga Cowcadden]] asin [[Cowlairs|Cowlair]], Glasgow, Scotland.</span> <span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="251">An 'Baka' sarong lumang tataramon na Scots para sa Goblin, mantang an 'cad' nangangahulugan na 'maati'.</span> <span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="252">An 'mga lungib' asin 'mga lungib' nanonongod sa mga harong nin mga goblin. <ref>Foreman, Carol (2007) ''Glasgow Street Names''. Birlinn. p. 58. {{ISBN|1841585882}}</ref></span> * <span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="253">[[541132 Leleākūhonua|541132 An Leleākūhonua]] (bisto kaidto bilang 2015 TG387 ) sarong bagay sa panluwas na sistema solar na pigbansagan na "The Goblin".</span> == <span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="255">Hilingon man</span> == * [[:en:Fairy|<span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="256">Fairy</span>]] * [[:en:Orc|<span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="258">Orc</span>]] * [[:en:Goblin_(Dungeons_&_Dragons)|<span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="260">Goblin (Dungeons and Dragons)</span>]] * [[:en:Dwarf_(folklore)|<span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="262">Dwarf (folklore)</span>]] * [[:en:Kobold|<span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="264">Kobold</span>]] * [[:en:Bugbear|<span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="266">Bugbear</span>]] * [[:en:Gnome|<span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="268">Gnome</span>]] * [[:en:Lutin|<span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="270">Lutin</span>]] * [[:en:Púca|<span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="272">Púca</span>]] * [[:en:Troll|<span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="274">Troll</span>]] * [[:en:Goblin_mode|<span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="276">Goblin mode</span>]] == Toltolan == <references /> {{Tamboan}} kl27sjtrac8stvuz6j1zhocedxxjh8b 0 51337 290378 284674 2025-07-01T22:17:38Z InternetArchiveBot 17127 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 290378 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Filipino singer and dancer (born 2001)}}{{Philippine name|Florenosos|Vergara}}{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2024}} {{Infobox person|name=Colet|image=Bini Billboard K POWER 100 (3) (cropped).jpg|caption=Colet at ''Billboard Korea'' K Power 100 event 2024|alt=|birth_date={{birth date and age|2001|9|14}}|birth_name=Ma.<!--official spelling, not "Maria"--> Nicolette Vergara|birth_place=[[Tagbilaran|Tagbilaran, Bohol]], Philippines|alma mater=Japan Philippine Institute of Technology<ref>{{Cite news |last=Felipe |first=MJ |date=June 7, 2024 |title=BGYO, BINI members graduate from senior high school |url=https://news.abs-cbn.com/entertainment/2024/6/7/bgyo-bini-members-graduate-from-senior-high-school-1714 |access-date=July 25, 2024 |work=ABS-CBN News |archive-date=June 10, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240610073634/https://news.abs-cbn.com/entertainment/2024/6/7/bgyo-bini-members-graduate-from-senior-high-school-1714 |url-status=live }}</ref>|occupation={{hlist|Performer|singer|dancer|rapper}}|years_active=2020–present|signature=|module={{Infobox musical artist|embed=yes | genre = {{hlist|[[Pinoy pop|P-pop]]|[[Bubblegum music|bubblegum pop]]|[[teen pop]]|[[Electronic dance music|EDM]]}} <!-- Genres for her solo songs. --> | instruments = Vocals | label = [[Star Music]] | current_member_of = [[Bini (group)|Bini]] | module2 = {{Listen|pos=center|embed=yes|filename=Colet_Vergara_singing_successive_lines_live_while_dancing_(June_2024).ogg |title=Colet's live singing voice|type=singing|description=Colet singing the final chorus, [[Aiah_(singer)|Aiah]]'s melodic outro verse (filling in for Aiah's absence), and outro ad-libs live while performing [[choreography]] at a [[Jollibee]] event. The notes peak at D{{sub|5}} (sustained) and E{{sub|5}} (phrased).<br/>''Song:'' '''[[Karera_(Bini_song)|"Karera"]]''' <br/>''Recorded June 2024''}} }}}}Si '''Ma.''' '''Nicolette Florenosos Vergara''' (namundag Setyembre 14, 2001), propesyonal na midbid bilang '''Colet''', sarong Filipinong parakanta asin parabayle sa irarom kan [[Star Magic]] . Saro siya sa mga pangenot na parakanta, pangenot na parabayle, asin pangenot na rapper kan grupo nin mga babaeng Filipino [[Bini (grupo)|na Bini]] . <ref>{{Cite AV media|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6OLcHVT4MuE|title=The BINI Chronicles Part 1|date=2020-12-28|last=BINI PH|language=Tagalog, English|access-date=2024-07-29|via=YouTube|archive-date=July 31, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240731085332/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6OLcHVT4MuE|url-status=}}</ref> == Amay na buhay asin edukasyon == Ma. Si Nicolette Florenosos Vergara namundag kan Setyembre 14, 2001, <ref>{{Cite news|title=BINI: The binibinis of P-Pop in full bloom|url=https://www.pep.ph/peptionary/179013/bini-members-a5157-20240223?s=j29v9o74fan1gmhbuj210m9cvk|date=23 February 2024}}</ref> sa [[Tagbilaran]], [[Bohol]], Filipinas ki Arnulfo asin Maria Regina Vergara. <ref name="plaque2">{{Cite web|last=dela Roca|first=Patricia|date=July 3, 2024|title=Bohol's pride: BINI Colet gets recognition from Tagbilaran City|url=https://latestchika.com/just-in/2024/07/03/107415/bohols-pride-bini-colet-gets-recognition-from-tagbilaran-city/|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20250128010137/https://latestchika.com/just-in/2024/07/03/107415/bohols-pride-bini-colet-gets-recognition-from-tagbilaran-city/|archive-date=January 28, 2025|website=[[Philstar|Latest Chika]]|access-date=March 25, 2025|dead-url=no}}</ref> Hale siya sa pamilyang may walong magturugang. <ref name="ABS-CBN Star Hunt2">{{Cite AV media|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UfBPAA43c5Y|title=I AM COLET {{!}} STAR HUNT ACADEMY TRAINEE|date=2019-10-22|last=ABS-CBN Star Hunt|access-date=2024-07-29|via=YouTube|archive-date=July 29, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240729034815/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UfBPAA43c5Y|url-status=}}</ref> An saiyang ama saro man na parakanta asin paratambol. <ref>{{Cite web|last=Ngojo|first=Jessa|date=June 13, 2024|title=Meet the BINI Bisdak beauties|url=https://cebudailynews.inquirer.net/578523/meet-the-bini-bisdak-beauties|access-date=2024-07-29|website=Cebu Daily News|language=en|archive-date=July 26, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240726073454/https://cebudailynews.inquirer.net/578523/meet-the-bini-bisdak-beauties|url-status=}}</ref> Nag-adal siya sa Japan Philippine Institute of Technology sa [[Bulacan]] bilang sarong iskolar, kun saen siya naggradwar kaiba an saiyang ka-miyembro na si Maloi kan 2024. <ref>{{Cite web|last=Geli|first=Bianca|date=June 8, 2024|title=BINI's Colet and Maloi graduate from senior high school|url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/entertainment/celebritylife/news/20677/binis-colet-and-maloi-graduate-from-senior-high-school/photo|url-status=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240616114116/https://www.gmanetwork.com/entertainment/celebritylife/news/20677/binis-colet-and-maloi-graduate-from-senior-high-school/photo|archive-date=June 16, 2024|access-date=2024-07-29|website=GMA Entertainment|language=en}}</ref> Si Colet nagpartisipar sa mga grupo nin pagkanta kan saiyang eskwelahan asin sa mga kompetisyon sa pagkanta. Nag-ayon man siya sa grupo nin bayle kan saiyang eskwelahan asin nakipagkumpetensya sa mga kompetisyon sa bayle sa pag-oltanan kan eskwelahan. Durante kan saiyang mga taon sa hayskul, isinurat niya an mga liriko kan nagin Bini single na "8", na enot na pigkonsepto bilang sarong kanta sa gradwasyon <ref name="cdn2">{{Cite news|last=Romariz|first=Kurt|date=July 26, 2024|title=BINI Colet serenades Bisaya fans: 'Laban lang pirmi'|url=https://cebudailynews.inquirer.net/586772/bini-colet-serenades-bisaya-fans-laban-lang-pirmi|access-date=August 16, 2024|website=Cebu Daily News|archive-date=August 16, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240816160507/https://cebudailynews.inquirer.net/586772/bini-colet-serenades-bisaya-fans-laban-lang-pirmi|url-status=live}}</ref> asin pinaluwas kan 2021. Nag-adal siya sa Dr. Cecilio Putong National High School, kun saen pinili niya an kurikulum kan Special Program for the Arts (SPA). Nag-major siya sa boses asin sinanay sa pagkanta sa irarom kan SPA. == Karera == Kan saiyang mga taon sa hayskul, si Colet inako bilang sarong contestant para sa ''[[Tawag ng Tanghalan]]'' singing competition segment kan ABS-CBN variety show ''na It's Showtime'' alagad dai nakalaban huli sa mga iriwal sa saiyang pag-eskwela. Kasunod kan sarong palpak na pag-audition para sa ''Pinoy Big Brother: Otso'' sa Bohol, <ref name="colet82">{{Cite web|last=dela Cruz|first=Liezel|date=July 27, 2024|title=Colet reveals the key to BINI's solid bond and unstoppable chemistry|url=https://ent.abs-cbn.com/articles-news/colet-reveals-key-to-binis-solid-bond-and-unstoppable-chemistry-22902|access-date=2024-07-29|website=ABS-CBN Entertainment}}</ref> si Colet nag-audition para sa Star Hunt Academy sa [[Laguna|Bohol]] kan 2018 asin napili bilang sarong trainee kan amay na parte kan 2019. <ref name=":02">{{Cite web|last=Bardinas|first=Mary Ann|date=August 9, 2020|title=Star Hunt Academy set to make more P-pop idols shine worldwide|url=https://ent.abs-cbn.com/articles-news/star-hunt-academy-set-to-make-more-p-pop-idols-shine-worldwide-12780|url-status=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101060453/https://ent.abs-cbn.com/articles-news/star-hunt-academy-set-to-make-more-p-pop-idols-shine-worldwide-12780|archive-date=November 1, 2020|access-date=2024-07-29|website=ABS-CBN Entertainment}}</ref> Sa unang yugto sa iyang pagbansay kauban si Bini, si Colet nag-atubang sa mga hagit sa pakikipag-ulay sa ubang mga miyembro tungod sa babag sa pinulongan, tungod kay [[Tataramon na Cebuano|Cebuano]] o Bisaya ang unang pinulongan. Sa sarong interbyu sa Cebuano-language talk show ''na Kuan on One'', sinabi niya na parati niyang sinasayumahan an mga solo interview requests huli ta nadedepisilan siyang magtaram [[Tataramon na Tagalog|nin Tagalog]] . <ref name="vogueph2">{{Cite web|last=Custodio|first=Bianca|date=October 28, 2024|title=BINI's Colet Vergara Takes Challenges Head On|url=https://vogue.ph/lifestyle/people/bini-colet-vergara-takes-challenges-head-on/|url-status=|website=Vogue Philippines|access-date=November 10, 2024|archive-date=November 10, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241110021553/https://vogue.ph/lifestyle/people/bini-colet-vergara-takes-challenges-head-on/}}</ref> Kan Oktubre 10, 2020, si Colet saro sa huring walong miyembro kan Star Hunt Academy Girl Trainees na naggradwar sa akademya asin opisyal na pig-anunsyo bilang miyembro kan sarong grupo nin mga idolo. <ref>{{Cite web|last=Adriano|first=Pamela|date=October 11, 2020|title=Star Hunt Academy girl trainees graduate, set to blaze P-pop trail|url=https://ent.abs-cbn.com/articles-news/star-hunt-academy-girl-trainees-graduate-set-to-blaze-p-pop-trail-13256|url-status=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240723132405/https://ent.abs-cbn.com/articles-news/star-hunt-academy-girl-trainees-graduate-set-to-blaze-p-pop-trail-13256|archive-date=July 23, 2024|access-date=2024-07-29|website=ABS-CBN Entertainment}}</ref> Kan Nobyembre 2020, si Colet opisyal na nagin miyembro kan grupo nin mga babaeng Filipino [[Bini (grupo)|na Bini]], <ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-11-09|title=Star Hunt Academy launches all-girl Pinoy Pop group Bini|url=https://tribune.net.ph/index.php/2020/11/09/star-hunt-academy-launches-all-girl-pinoy-pop-group-bini/|url-status=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109034445/https://tribune.net.ph/index.php/2020/11/09/star-hunt-academy-launches-all-girl-pinoy-pop-group-bini/|archive-date=November 9, 2020|access-date=2024-07-29|work=Daily Tribune|language=en-US}}</ref> na opisyal na nagdebut kan Hunyo 11, 2021. <ref>{{Cite news|date=May 11, 2021|title=Get ready, Bloom: BINI is finally set for debut|url=https://news.abs-cbn.com/entertainment/05/11/21/get-ready-bloom-bini-is-finally-set-for-debut}}</ref> Kan Pebrero 2, 2025, pig-perform ni Colet an Bisayan pop song na "Puhon" ( transl. Sarong aldaw ) kaiba an parakanta-parasurat nin kanta na [[TJ Monterde|si TJ Monterde]] sa saiyang Sarili Nating Mundo ( transl. Our Own World ) concert sa [[Araneta Coliseum]] sa [[Syudad nin Quezon|Quezon City]] . == Diskograpiya == Si Colet sarong tampok na bokalista sa kantang "Kalma Kahit Magulo" (Calm Despite Turmoil), kaiba an kapwa miyembro [[Bini (grupo)|kan Bini na]] si Jhoanna asin Juan Karlos Labajo . An kanta parte kan opisyal na soundtrack para sa serye nin dramang misteryo kan Pilipinas ''na High Street'' . <ref>{{Cite news|date=June 10, 2024|title='High Street" releases OST|url=https://news.abs-cbn.com/entertainment/2024/6/9/-high-street-releases-ost-734}}</ref> Si Colet pigbibisto man bilang co-writer sa mga kanta ni Bini na "Kinikilig" (Smitten) asin "Karera" (Race) asin iyo sana an kagsurat kan saiyang orihinal na komposisyon na "8". <ref>{{Cite news|title=Kinikilig – song by BINI|url=https://music.apple.com/ph/song/kinikilig/1690907659|access-date=November 11, 2024|website=Apple Music|archive-date=November 11, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241111165827/https://music.apple.com/ph/song/kinikilig/1690907659|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Karera – song by BINI|url=https://music.apple.com/ph/song/karera/1733853214|access-date=November 11, 2024|website=Apple Music|archive-date=November 11, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241111165852/https://music.apple.com/ph/song/karera/1733853214|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="cdn3">{{Cite news|last=Romariz|first=Kurt|date=July 26, 2024|title=BINI Colet serenades Bisaya fans: 'Laban lang pirmi'|url=https://cebudailynews.inquirer.net/586772/bini-colet-serenades-bisaya-fans-laban-lang-pirmi|access-date=August 16, 2024|website=Cebu Daily News|archive-date=August 16, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240816160507/https://cebudailynews.inquirer.net/586772/bini-colet-serenades-bisaya-fans-laban-lang-pirmi|url-status=live}}</ref> == Pelikula == Kan 2024, si Colet ininterbyu ni [[Melai Cantiveros]] sa sarong episode kan talk show na [[Tataramon na Cebuano|Cebuano]] ''na Kuan on One'' . == Iba pang mga pakikipagsapalaran == Si Colet nag-franchise nin sarong negosyo sa pagkakan na inaapod na Egg Cloud sa [[Bohol]] . <ref>{{Cite news|last=Mendoza|first=Ralph|date=April 24, 2024|title=‘Walo hanggang dulo:’ Sino-sino ang mga binibini ng BINI?|url=https://balita.mb.com.ph/2024/04/24/walo-hanggang-dulo-sino-sino-ang-mga-binibini-ng-bini/|accessdate=March 25, 2025|archivedate=December 25, 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241225015953/https://balita.mb.com.ph/2024/04/24/walo-hanggang-dulo-sino-sino-ang-mga-binibini-ng-bini/}}</ref> == Mga premyo asin nominasyon == Kan Hulyo 1, 2024, an lokal na gobyerno kan Tagbilaran tinawan si Colet nin sarong plake nin pagmidbid huli sa saiyang dedikasyon sa musika. Tinawan ninda nin kredito an saiyang karera sa musika huli sa pagpukaw nin pag-orgulyo asin paghanga sa mga residente kan syudad. An saiyang mga magurang an nag-ako kan plake sa ngaran niya, nin huli ta yaon siya sa [[Manila]] kan panahon na idto huli sa mga iskedyul nin trabaho. == Mga Toltolan == <references /> {{Tamboan}} == Mga panluwas na sumpay == * {{Official website|https://bini.abs-cbn.com}} * Colet at IMDb [[Kategorya:Articles with hCards]] [[Kategorya:Pages with unreviewed translations]] dkx4v4eq5p5bpl2bh0i1g1hmcepng7s 0 51867 290421 285825 2025-07-02T08:52:08Z InternetArchiveBot 17127 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 290421 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox writer |honorific_prefix = [[The Honourable|The Honorable]] |name = Manuel Bernabe |image = Salvador Rueda y Manuel Bernabé.jpg |imagesize = |caption = Bernabe (right) with Salvador Rueda (left) in 1915 |birth_date = {{birth date|mf=yes|1890|2|27}} |birth_place = [[Parañaque]], [[Manila (probinsya)|Manila]], [[Captaincy General of the Philippines]] |death_date = {{death date and age|mf=yes|1960|11|29|1890|2|27}} |death_place = [[Parañaque]], [[Rizal (prob)|Rizal]], [[Filipinas]] |resting_place = |citizenship = [[Filipinos|Filipino]] |occupation = Poeta, peryodista, politiko, maestro |alma_mater = [[Ateneo de Manila University|Ateneo Municipal de Manila]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]])<br>[[University of Santo Tomas]] (Law) |notableworks = ''Cantos del Tropico''<br> ''Perfil de Cresta'' |awards = ''[[Premio Zobel|Premio Zóbel]]'' (1926)<br>''El Yugo y las Flechas'' (1940)<br>[[Order of Isabella the Catholic]] (1953) | module = {{Infobox officeholder | embed = iyo |office = Member of the [[House of Representatives of the Philippines|House of Representatives of the Philippine Islands]] from [[Rizal (province)|Rizal]]'s [[Rizal's 1st congressional district|1st district]] |term_start = Hunyo 5, 1928 |term_end = Hunyo 2, 1931 |predecessor = Basilio Bautista |successor = Pedro Magsalin |party = [[Democrata Party|Democrata]] }} }} Si '''Manuel Bernabé y Hernández''' (Pebrero 27, 1890 – Nobyembre 29, 1960) sarong [[Mga Filipino|Filipino]]ng peryodista, politiko, linggwista, asin pararawit sa [[Lenggwaheng Espanyol|Espanyol]] asin sa [[Lenggwaheng Latin|Latin]] na mga tataramon. Siya tina'wan bansag na "Hade nin Balagtasan" sa Espanyol. ==Kaamayi nin buhay== [[File:4592Elpidio Quirino Avenue Parañaque City Landmarks 42.jpg|left|thumb|150px|Residensya ni Bernabe sa [[La Huerta, Parañaque]]]] Si Bernabe namundag kan Pebrero 17, 1890, sa [[Parañaque]] ki Timoteo Bernabe, na ngapit magigin [[Alkalde nin Parañaque|presidente munisipal nin Parañaque]], asin Emilia Hernandez. Siyam an edad pa sana niya kan nagpoon na siyang magsurat mga rawitdawit sa Espanyol. Sa edad na katorse, siya nakakataram na sa lenggwaheng Latin. Si Bernabe nakamit niya an [[Bachelor of Arts]] degree sa [[Ateneo de Manila University|Ateneo Municipal de Manila]] asin siya an valedictorian. Digdi sa Ateneo, saiyang pigpalis sa Espanyol an ''[[Aeneid ni Virgil]]'' na nasusurat sa Latin. Ngapit siya nagkua nin ley sa [[University of Santo Tomas]]. ==Karera== [[File:Manuel H. Bernabe historical marker.jpg|thumb|Historical marker]] ===Literatura=== Pakagradwar sa law, si Bernabe nag'ayon sa peryodikong ''La Democracia'' asin dangan sa ''La Vanguardia'' bago nagin paraambag sa ''Excelsior''. Siya nagtukdo nin Espanyol sa University of Santo Tomas, [[University of the Philippines]], [[Far Eastern University]], [[Philippine Law School]] asin [[Colegio de San Juan de Letran]].<ref name="ncca">{{cite web|url=https://philippineculturaleducation.com.ph/bernabe-manuel-h/|title=Bernabe, Manuel Hernandez|accessdate=November 16, 2023|date=2015|work=National Commission for Culture and the Arts|language=tl|first=Virgilio|last=Almario|author-link=Virgilio S. Almario|location=[[Manila]]}}</ref> Si Bernabe sarong poeta liriko, asin an parating laman kan saiyang mga rawit iyo an mga piyesta asin selebrasyon dawa totoo maski arin na bagay pwede niyang pagsuraton. An kadamotan nin mga rawitdawait na siyang tinukda' tituladong ''Cantos del Tropico''. Saro pang libro niya iyo an mga kasuratan na yaon duman an ''Perfil de Cresta'', na kabarali man igdi an saiyang pagpalis kan ki [[Omar Khayyam]] na ''[[rubaʿi|Rubaiyat]]'' asin an ki [[Claro M. Recto]] na ''portico''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cervantesvirtual.com/obras/autor/bernabe-manuel-1890-1960-59267|title=Bernabé, Manuel, 1890-1960|accessdate=November 17, 2023|website=[[Miguel de Cervantes Virtual Library]]}}</ref> An iba pang mga rawit ni Bernabe: ''No Mas Amor Que El Tuyo'', ''El Imposible'', ''Canta Poeta'', ''Castidad'', ''Mi Adios a Ilo-ilo'' asin ''España en Filipinas''.<ref name="ncca" /> Sa sarong ''[[balagtasan]]'' kun saen siya asin si [[Jesus Balmori]] nagralaban manongod sa ulayon na ''El Recuerdo y el Olvido'', mayong gana an pigdeklara ta pareho sinda mahusay nanggad alagad sa kusog kan mga upak pakatapos kan ''balagtasan'', narisang gayo na mas mahibog asin makusog an upak para ki Bernabe hale sa mga paradangog.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://www.cervantesvirtual.com/obra/balagtasan-justa-poetica/|title=Balagtasan (justa poética) / Jesús Balmori y Manuel Bernabé|first1=Jesus|last1=Balmori|author-link1=Jesus Balmori|first2=Manuel|last2=Bernabe|date=1927 |location=[[Alicante]]|publisher=[[Miguel de Cervantes Virtual Library]]|language=es}}</ref> ===Politika=== Bilang politiko, si Bernabe naelehir komo representante sa [[Rizal's 1st congressional district|primer distrito]] nin [[Rizal (probinsy)|Rizal]] kan 1928 asin nagsirbe nin sarong termino hanggan 1931. Diya nagretiro sa politik asin nagbalik sa ''La Vanguardia''. Siya nanombrahan na technical assistant para sa Filipino–Espanyol na Relasyon sa [[Malacañang Palace|Malacañang]], nagsirbe poon 1943 sundo 1947. Dangan siya ngapit nanombrahan pamayo kan [[National Library of the Philippines]] kan mga 1950, kun saen niya ipigpalis sa [[Langgwaheng Tagalog|Tagalog]] an mga sinurat ni [[Marcelo H. del Pilar]].<ref name="ncca" /> ==Mga Premyo== Kaamayi pa kan 1913, si Bernabe nangggana na nin tolong premyo sa tolong iba-ibang organisasyon sa saiyang mga tokda': ''Himno al Sagrado Corazon de Jesus'', ''El Zapote'', asin ''España en Filipinas''. Kan 1926, siya asin si Balmori nagawadan kan ''[[Premyo Zobel|Premyo Zóbel]]'' para sa saindang trasbaho na ''Hombre y mujer''. HJ7li sa saiyang mga paghigowa na mausar an lenggwaheng Espanyol komo medyum nin pagsurat,siya dinuhulan kan premyo na ''El Yugo y las Flechas'' kan 1940 asin kan [[Order of Isabella the Catholic]] kan 1953. Siya pinag'onra sa University of Santo Tomas bilang iyo an pinakamahusay na pararawit sa Espanyol kan 1950.<ref name="ncca" /> ==Mga Obrang maunabihan== * ''Cantos del Tropico'' * ''Perfil de Cresta'' ==Kagadanan asin Legasiya== Si nBernabe nagadan kan Nobyembre 29, 1960. An Manuel Bernabé Research Writing Contest, na eksistido sagkod katahawan kan 1990, ipigpangaran saiya..<ref>{{cite journal|publisher=[[University of the Philippines Diliman]]|url=https://journals.upd.edu.ph/index.php/phr/article/download/4740/4276/|title=A Knowledge Management Framework for the Department of European Languages (DEL)|first=Wystan|last=Dela Peña|pages=80–155|volume=13|number=1|date=November 27, 2015|journal=CAL Research Agenda}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} [[Kategorya:Mga 1890 na kamundagan]] [[Kategorya:Mga 1960 na kagadanan]] [[Kategorya:Mga Myembro sa Harong nin mga Reprseentante nin Filipinas kan Rizal (probinsya)]] [[Kategorya:Mga Tawong taga Spanish East Indies]] [[Kategorya:Mga Filipinong lalaking mga pararawit]] [[Kategorya:Mga Filipinong pararawit]] [[Kategorya:Mga Nagtapos sa Ateneo de Manila University]] [[Kategorya:Mga Nagtapos sa University of Santo Tomas]] [[Kategorya:Mga Filipinong edukador]] [[Kategorya:Mga Tagalog]] [[Kategorya:Mga Parasurat haleng Rizal (probinsya)]] [[Kategorya:Mga Filipinong peryodista]] [[Kategorya:Mga Tawong taga Parañaque|Bernabe]] [[Kategorya:Mga Ika-20ng siglong mga Filipinong politiko]] [[Kategorya:Mga Ika-20ng siglong mga Filipinong pararawit]] [[Kategorya:Mga Ika-20ng siglong mga Filipinng lalaking parasurat]] [[Kategorya:Mga Espanyol-tataramon na mga parasurat sa Filipinas]] [[Kategorya:Kagadanan huli sa coronary thrombosis]] [[Kategorya:Mga Politiko nin Partido Democrata]] 5sxyx3lkwsjce4u6qjq9bacix98lknj 0 52079 290420 286239 2025-07-02T08:36:57Z InternetArchiveBot 17127 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 290420 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''An Makabanwang Paghiro nin Bagong Kababayehan''' (Makabayang Kilusan ng Bagong Kababaihan) midbid man sa apod na '''MAKIBAKA''', sarong militanteng talingkas na nasyonalistang rebolusyonaryong organisasyon nin mga kababayehan sa [[Filipinas|Pilipinas]] na pigtogdas kan Abril 1970. Parte sinda kan [[National Democratic Front of the Philippines|Pambanwang Demokratikong Prente kan Pilipinas]], sarong patago na alyansa nin mga rebolusyonaryong organisasyon na gikan sa gabos na sektor kan sosyodad kan Pilipinas. == Kasaysayan asin pinaghalian == An MAKIBAKA pigtogdas sa pag-abot kan [[:en:First_Quarter_Storm|Bagyo sa Enot na Kwarter]], sarong panahon kun saen naglalakop an pakaisi sa politika asin aktibidad nin protesta kan mga estudyante kontra sa administrasyon ni [[Ferdinand Marcos]]. An mga miyembro kan [[Kabataang Makabayan|Makabanwang Kahubenan]], [[:en:Samahang_Demokratiko_ng_Kabataan|Iribahan kan Demokratikong Kahubenan]], [[Samahang Molave|Iribahan kan Molave]], asin iba pang dakol na mga organisasyon enot na nagpoon na maghirilingan tanganing pag-olayan an nagdadakulang importansya kan mga kababayehan sa nagpopoon pa sanang [[National Democracy (Philippines)|pambanwang demokratikong]] paghiro. Huli sa pagkaanggot sa saindang nahihiling na pagkiling sa kasarian kontra sa mga kababayehan sa pag-ayon sa mga aktibista, <ref name="angeles">{{Cite journal|last1=Angeles|first1=Leonora C.|title=The PKP and MAKIBAKA Revisited: Women's Liberation in Revolutionary Theory and Practice|date=4 December 2007|url=https://www.journals.upd.edu.ph/index.php/kasarinlan/article/view/637/639|access-date=15 July 2024|language=en}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> an mga miyembro kan mga organisasyon na ini enot na pigbilog an ''Talingkas na Paghiro kan Bagong Kababayehan'' tanganing atubangon an partikularidad kan pang-aapi sa mga kababayehan asin makakua nin mas mahiwas na suporta hale sa mga kababayehan. An MAKIBAKA opisyal na piglansar kan Abril 18, 1970, na nangengenot sa sarong protesta kan [[Miss Philippines]] na sarong paurumbasan nin kagayunan. <ref name="angeles"/> [[Maria Lorena Barros|Si Maria Lorena Barros]], sarong miyembro kan SDK asin saro sa mga kagmukna kan MAKIBAKA, iyo an magigin de facto na pamayo huli sa pangangaipo na tawan an mga peryodista nin reperensya sa media para sa mga interbyu. An mga miyembro kan MAKIBAKA nagpartisipar sa darakulang aksyon protesta sa panahon na ini, kaaayon an [[:en:Diliman_Commune|Komyun kan Diliman]] siring man an enot na paggirumdom kan Marso 8 bilang [[:en:International_Working_Women's_Day|Internasyunal na Aldaw nin mga Babayeng Nagtatrabaho]], pareho kan 1971. Kan enot, an MAKIBAKA mayo nin eksaktong estruktura. Mantang an organisasyon naglalakop sa bilog na nasyon, an mga isyu nin duwang pagigin miyembro asin an pangangaipo para sa sarong suway pang organisasyon para sa mga kababayehan nagin mas importante. Si Barros sa kahurihurihi naghale sa MAKIBAKA tanganing mag-ayon sa [[Bagong Hokbo nin Banwa|Bagong Hokbo kan Banwaan]] kan katapusan kan 1971, asin iwinalat an posisyon bilang pamayo ki Rosa Oli Mercado. Kan Marso 11-12, 1972, nagkaigwa an MAKIBAKA nin saindang Enot na Pambanwang Kongreso sa Sentro kan Unibersidad kan Sampaloc, kun saen naresolbahan an mga isyung pang-organisasyon asin estruktural, siring man an pag-elihir nin bagong iribahan nin mga Pambanwang Opisyales. Si Vicky Segui an napili bilang Pambanwang Pamayo kan MAKIBAKA kan panahon na ini. An pangaran na MAKIBAKA binago man hale sa ''Talingkas na Paghiro'' (Malayang Kilusan) pasiring sa ''Makabanwang Paghiro'' (Makabayang Kilusan) tanganing ipahiling an katuyohan kaini na isulong an katalingkasan kan kababaihan sa paagi kan nasyunal na demokratikong paghiro. === Sa irarom kan Ley Militar === An mga rebolusyonaryong organisasyon arog kan MAKIBAKA pigdeklarar na ilegal asin napuwersa na magtago kasunod kan deklarasyon kan Ley Militar kan diktador kaidto na [[Ferdinand Marcos|si Ferdinand Marcos]] . An mga miyembro kan MAKIBAKA napuwersa na magtago asin mag-ayon sa [[Bagong Hokbo nin Banwa|Bagong Hokbo kan Banwaan]] o iba pang mga paagi nin pagkontra laban sa diktadura ni Marcos. An MAKIBAKA nagin miyembrong organisasyon kan [[National Democratic Front of the Philippines|Pambanwang Demokratikong Prente kan Pilipinas]] asin nagpartisipar sa pag-organisar, sa propaganda, asin trabaho sa edukasyon sa kabukidan. === Pagkatapos kan Ley Militar === An MAKIBAKA nagkaigwa nin saindang Ikaduwang Kongreso kan taon 1988, kun saen ginibo an pinakabagong programa nin aksyon asin pinili si Silvia Madiaga bilang saindang Pamayo. Sa saindang Ikaduwang Kongreso, inaprobaran kan MAKIBAKA an pagtugdok liwat kan Pambanwang Opisina kaini. An saindang ikatolong Kongreso ginibo kan 1998, asin an saindang ikaapat na Kongreso kan 2002. Sa irarom kan saindang Ikaapat na Kongreso, pigpatunayan liwat kan MAKIBAKA na sinda sarong "organisasyon kan mga kababayehan na nag-aabante kan pambanwang demokratikong pakikipaglaban", mantang pig-aaprobaran an sarong bagong Konstitusyon asin Programa de Aksyon. An MAKIBAKA yaon pa sagkod ngonyan bilang sarong patago na organisasyon, na nag-eestablisar nin mga kapitulo sa mga syudad asin sa mga bukid. == Ideolohiya == Nagtutubod an MAKIBAKA na madadaog sana an katalingkasan kan mga kababaihan sa paagi kan pambanwang demokrasya, tunay na katalingkasan asin tunay na katalingkasan kan mga Pilipino sa kabilogan. Bilang parte kan Pambanwang Demokratikong paghiro, nagtutubod sinda na igwa nin tolong ugat na problema an pagtios kan banwaan kan mga Pilipino, na iyo an imperyalismo, pyudalismo, asin kapitalismong burukrata. Sa paagi kan pag-analisar na ini, an sosyedad kan Pilipinas nasasabotan na semi-kolonyal asin semi-pyudal. Semi-kolonyal na an boot sabihon dikit sana an mga may kaya na pamilya an nagkakapot nin kapangyarihang politikal asin ekonomiko, asin na an mga palakaw sa ekonomiya kan nasyon naiimpluwensiyahan kan mas poderosong mga ekonomiya sa ibang nasyon asin mga internasyonal na institusyon pinansyal. An boot sabihon semi-pyudal na an sistema nin pag-oma kan nasyon nakabasar man sa modelong kolonyal kan Espanya, kun saen an mga nagkapirang pananom na ganansya sana an pigtatanom sa darakulang pagsasadiri na inaapod na haciendas, imbes na an mga pananom na pigpapadakola para sa karahayan kan mismong mga Pilipino. sfw0qdbnyg9qfh75yilfs15gxfba16z 0 52223 290396 286637 2025-07-02T02:04:28Z InternetArchiveBot 17127 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 290396 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|Afghan activist}}{{Infobox person|name=Hasina Jalal|image=Hasina Jalal .jpg|caption=Jalal in 2020|native_name=حسینه جلال|birth_place=Badakhshan|nationality=Afghan|occupation=Human Rights Advocate|parents=[[Massouda Jalal]] (mother){{br}}[[Faizullah Jalal]]}}Si '''Hasina Jalal''' ( [[Tataramon na Persa|Persian]] : حسینه جلال) sarong paratukdo sa unibersidad, iskolar sa siyensya pulitikal, asin sarong parasuportar para sa [[Karapatan nin kababaihan|mga deretso kan mga kababaihan]] asin demokrasya sa Afghanistan, na may labing sarong dekada nin eksperyensya sa aktibismo, adbokasiya sa polisiya, pakikipag-ulay sa sosyedad sibil, asin pagsiyasat sa akademya. Kan 2014, si Jalal naelihir sa paagi nin boto kan publiko tanganing mag-ako kan " N-Peace Award " gikan sa UNDP Asia Pacific Regional Office asin sa Espesyal na Tagapayo kan Sekretaryo Heneral kan UN sa Unibersidad para sa Katoninongan . Siya an nagmukna asin nagserbing Executive Director kan National Association of Afghanistan Civil Society (NAACS) asin an pinakaenot na alyansa kan mga babaeng taga-Sur Asya sa mga Karapatan sa Ekonomiya, Sosyal, asin Kultura kan mga Babae (SAFA) sa Sri Lanka. [https://www.pwescr.org/safa.html] Si Jalal nagserbi sa gobyerno kan Afghanistan bilang sarong lider kan grupo nin pagsiyasat asin eksperto sa polisiya sa Palasyo kan Presidente asin bilang sarong Tagapayo sa Patakaran sa Ministro asin Direktor kan Program Design asin Donor Coordination Directorate sa Ministry of Mines and Petroleum kan Gobyerno kan Afghanistan. <ref name="UNDP2">{{cite web|title=UNDP celebrates Asian women leaders and their male allies for building peace|url=https://www.asia-pacific.undp.org/content/rbap/en/home/presscenter/pressreleases/2014/10/23/undp-celebrates-asian-women-n-male-allies-for-peace.html|website=UNDP in Asia and the Pacific|accessdate=22 October 2020|language=en|archive-date=20 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220720132931/https://www.asia-pacific.undp.org/content/rbap/en/home/presscenter/pressreleases/2014/10/23/undp-celebrates-asian-women-n-male-allies-for-peace.html|url-status=}}</ref><ref name="SADF2">{{cite web|title=Hasina Jalal Wins 2014 N-Peace Award|url=https://www.sadf.eu/hasina-jalal-wins-2014-n-peace-award/|website=South Asia Democratic Forum|accessdate=22 October 2020|date=6 November 2014|archive-date=4 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230304172713/https://www.sadf.eu/hasina-jalal-wins-2014-n-peace-award/|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref name=":02">{{Cite web|date=2014-06-02|title=Young Afghan activist wins UNDP peace award|url=https://unama.unmissions.org/young-afghan-activist-wins-undp-peace-award|access-date=2020-11-05|website=UNAMA|language=en}}</ref> == Personal na buhay == Si Jalal an aking babae ni Massouda Jalal, an pinakaenot na babaeng kandidato sa pagkapresidente kan Afghanistan asin dating Ministro kan mga Kababaihan, asin si Faizullah Jalal, dating Propesor kan Ley asin Siyensya Politikal asin Bise-Kanselor kan Unibersidad kan Kabul . Si Hasina napiritan na maghagad nin asylum sa Estados Unidos pagkatapos kan pagsakop kan Taliban, na binayaan an saiyang dagang tinubuan asin pamilya. Sa ibong kan mga angat kan pagkadistiero, padagos siyang nag-aadbokasiya para sa mga deretso kan mga babaeng Afghan, na ginagamit an saiyang plataporma tanganing mapakusog an saindang mga boses asin maimpluwensiyahan an internasyonal na polisiya asin diskurso <ref>{{Cite web|title=An Interview with Hasina Jalal|url=https://www.cgm.pitt.edu/news/interview-hasina-jalal}}</ref> . Siya tatao sa Persiano, Pashto, Ingles, Turko, Hindi/Urdu, asin may kakayahan sa mga tataramon na Punjabi, Arabiko, asin Uzbek. <ref name="Hasina Jalal2">{{Cite web|title=Hasina Jalal|url=https://ghd.georgetown.edu/profile/hasina-jalal/|access-date=2021-09-18|website=GHD|language=en-US}}</ref> == Edukasyon == Si Hasina Jalal nakakua kan saiyang undergraduate degree sa ekonomiya na may minor sa siyensya politikal gikan sa Jamia Millia Islamia (JMI)--sarong Unibersidad Sentral sa India--bilang sarong iskolar kan ICCR . <ref name="Biruni Institute2">{{cite web|date=16 December 2019|title=Hasina Jalal|url=http://biruni.af/team/hasina-jalal/|url-status=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201023051231/http://biruni.af/team/hasina-jalal/|archive-date=23 October 2020|accessdate=22 October 2020|website=}}</ref> Bago maglaog sa JMI University, nag-adal siya nin ekonomiya sa Kabul University sa laog nin sarong taon nin pag-adal. Igwa siyang Master of Business Administration gikan sa American University of Afghanistan bilang sarong iskolar kan USAID asin sarong Master of Arts sa Women's and Gender Studies gikan sa University of Northern Iowa bilang sarong iskolar kan Fulbright . <ref name="Rumi Awards2">{{cite web|title=Hasina Jalal|url=https://rumiawards.com/directory/hasina-jalal/|website=Rumi Awards|accessdate=22 October 2020|archive-date=23 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201023045720/https://rumiawards.com/directory/hasina-jalal/|url-status=}}</ref> Si Jalal nag-adal sa graduate sa [https://sfs.georgetown.edu/ School of Foreign Service sa Georgetown University] asin siya presenteng Ph.D. kandidato sa Public and International Affairs sa Graduate School of Public and International Affairs sa Unibersidad kan Pittsburgh. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Hasina Jalal|url=https://ghd.georgetown.edu/profile/hasina-jalal/|access-date=2022-02-07|website=GHD|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Homepage {{!}} University of Pittsburgh|url=https://www.gspia.pitt.edu/|access-date=2022-02-07|website=www.gspia.pitt.edu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Home {{!}} Kabul University|url=https://ku.edu.af/|access-date=2022-02-07|website=ku.edu.af}}</ref> Siya man tinawan nin nagkapirang prestihiyosong mga fellowship, kabali an mga hale sa [https://www.mercatus.org/students/elinor-ostrom-fellowship Elinor Ostrom Fellowship], [https://sfs.georgetown.edu/ School of Foreign Service sa Georgetown University], asin an [https://www.cgm.pitt.edu/ Center for Governance and Markets] . == Karera == Si Hasina nagmukna asin namamahala nin nagkapirang organisasyon kan sosyedad sibil sa Afghanistan asin sa rehiyonal na lebel kan Sur na Asya. Poon kan 2012, siya an Co-founder asin Executive Director kan National Association of Afghanistan Civil Society (NAACS) asin an pinakaenot na alyansa kan mga kababaihan sa Sur na Asya sa mga Karapatan sa Ekonomiya, Sosyal, asin Kultura kan mga Babae (SAFA) sa Sri Lanka. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2014-06-02|title=Young Afghan activist wins UNDP peace award|url=https://unama.unmissions.org/young-afghan-activist-wins-undp-peace-award|access-date=2021-09-19|website=UNAMA|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Women in Afghanistan and the Region|url=https://spia.princeton.edu/events/women-afghanistan-and-region|access-date=2023-10-31|website=Princeton School of Public and International Affairs|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Jalal）天生巴达赫尚国籍阿富汗职业活动家闻名N-和平奖获得者|first=哈西娜·贾拉勒（Hasina|title=哈西娜·贾拉（Hasina Jalal）-维基百科|url=https://zh.ert.wiki/wiki/Hasina_Jalal|access-date=2021-09-19|website=百科全书|language=zh|archive-date=2023-03-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230304163143/https://zh.ert.wiki/wiki/Hasina_Jalal|url-status=}}</ref> Si Jalal nagserbi sa gobyerno kan Afghanistan bilang sarong Research Team Lead asin Policy Expert sa Presidential Palace/Administrative Office kan Presidente kan Afghanistan kun saen pinangenotan niya an sarong grupo nin mga parasiyasat, nagkondukta nin pagsiyasat na nakasentro sa polisiya, asin nagpresentar nin mga nakua asin rekomendasyon sa dating Presidente kan Afghanistan. Nagtrabaho man siya bilang Policy Advisor sa Ministro asin Direktor kan Program Design asin Donor Coordination Directorate sa Ministry of Mines and Petroleum kan Gobyerno kan Afghanistan. Sa papel na ini, siya an namamahala kan mga inisyatiba asin programa na pinondohan kan tabang dayuhan sa mga sektor nin lana, gas, asin pagmimina kan Afghanistan, asin nagtao nin payo sa polisiya sa Ministro kan Mina asin Petrolyo. Dugang pa, si Hasina nagtukdo nin ekonomiya sa mga estudyante sa Bachelor of Business Administration sa nagkapirang unibersidad sa Kabul. <ref name="N-PEACE2">{{cite web|title=Hasina Jalal|url=http://n-peace.net/alumni-pages/alumni-2014/hasina-jalal/|website=N-PEACE|accessdate=22 October 2020|archive-date=22 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230122180743/https://n-peace.net/alumni-pages/alumni-2014/hasina-jalal/|url-status=}}</ref> An trabaho ni Hasina sa pagkakapantay-pantay sa kasarian, mga deretso pantawo, pagpapakusog kan mga kababaihan, asin demokrasya pigmidbid na kan nagkapirang rehiyonal asin internasyonal na mga premyo asin onra: <ref>{{Cite web|title=Women in Afghanistan and the Region|url=https://www.princeton.edu/events/2021/women-afghanistan-and-region|access-date=2021-09-18|website=Princeton University|language=en}}</ref> Kan 2012, an Asian Rural Women's Coalitions (ARWC) tinawan siya kan "Honoring 100 Asian Women Award". <ref>{{Cite web|title=UNI Fulbright scholar empowering Afghan women|url=https://insideuni.uni.edu/uni-fulbright-scholar-empowering-afghan-women|access-date=2020-11-05|website=insideuni.uni.edu|language=en|archive-date=2020-11-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201104234708/https://insideuni.uni.edu/uni-fulbright-scholar-empowering-afghan-women|url-status=}}</ref> Kan 2014, siya naelihir sa paagi nin boto kan publiko na mag-ako kan " N-Peace Award " gikan sa UNDP Asia Pacific Regional Office asin sa Espesyal na Tagapayo kan Sekretaryo Heneral kan UN sa Unibersidad para sa Katoninongan. <ref name="N-PEACE3">{{cite web|title=Hasina Jalal|url=http://n-peace.net/alumni-pages/alumni-2014/hasina-jalal/|website=N-PEACE|accessdate=22 October 2020|archive-date=22 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230122180743/https://n-peace.net/alumni-pages/alumni-2014/hasina-jalal/|url-status=}}</ref><ref name="Khaama Press2">{{cite web|title=Hasina Jalal wins Global Women Leadership award Archives|url=https://www.khaama.com/tag/hasina-jalal-wins-global-women-leadership-award/|website=The Khaama Press News Agency|accessdate=22 October 2020}}</ref><ref name="Community Supported Film2">{{cite web|title=AFGHANISTAN: Young Afghan activist Hasina Jalal wins Global Women Leadership award|url=http://csfilm.org/2016/03/afghanistan-young-afghan-activist-hasina-jalal-wins-global-women-leadership-award/|website=Community Supported Film|accessdate=22 October 2020}}</ref> Kan 2016, siya tinawan kan "Global Women Leadership Award" kan World-CSR, asin kan 2017, naresibe niya an "World Super Achiever Award" kan World Human Rights Congress. .<ref name="N-PEACE4">{{cite web|title=Hasina Jalal|url=http://n-peace.net/alumni-pages/alumni-2014/hasina-jalal/|website=N-PEACE|accessdate=22 October 2020|archive-date=22 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230122180743/https://n-peace.net/alumni-pages/alumni-2014/hasina-jalal/|url-status=}}</ref><ref name="Khaama Press3">{{cite web|title=Hasina Jalal wins Global Women Leadership award Archives|url=https://www.khaama.com/tag/hasina-jalal-wins-global-women-leadership-award/|website=The Khaama Press News Agency|accessdate=22 October 2020}}</ref><ref name="Community Supported Film3">{{cite web|title=AFGHANISTAN: Young Afghan activist Hasina Jalal wins Global Women Leadership award|url=http://csfilm.org/2016/03/afghanistan-young-afghan-activist-hasina-jalal-wins-global-women-leadership-award/|website=Community Supported Film|accessdate=22 October 2020}}</ref> Si Hasina tinawan nin "Iconic Women Creating a Better World for All Award" gikan sa Women's Economic Forum kan 2020, asin kan 2021, an publiko kan Afghan nagboto para saiya na mapili bilang saro sa "45 Most Influential Afghan Women". <ref>{{Citation|title=45 Most Influential Afghan Women 2021}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|last=SADF|date=2020-10-07|title=Afghan Women Heroes - Rumi awards|url=https://www.sadf.eu/afghan-women-heroes-rumi-awards/|access-date=2020-12-03|website=SADF|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-06-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210613105710/https://www.sadf.eu/afghan-women-heroes-rumi-awards/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> == Mga Toltolan == <references /> {{Tamboan}} pt3q5ppqqiagqijhv77a1263yg0fk9n 0 52291 290436 287492 2025-07-02T11:46:47Z CommonsDelinker 2 Removing [[:c:File:Lotfia_El_Nadi.jpg|Lotfia_El_Nadi.jpg]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Gbawden|Gbawden]] because: per [[:c:Commons:Deletion requests/File:Lotfia El Nadi.jpg|]]. 290436 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox tawo|image=لطيفة_النادي.jpg|caption=|birth_date=October 29, 1907|birth_place=[[Cairo]], [[Khedivate of Egypt]]|death_date=2002 (aged 94–95)|death_place=Cairo, [[Egypt]]}}'''Lotfia Elnadi''' (October 29, 1907 – 2002) sarong [[Egyptians|Ehiptong]] [[Aviator|aviador]] . Siya an pinakaenot na babaeng Ehipto siring man an pinakaenot na babae gikan sa [[Arab world|kinaban nin mga Arabo]] asin [[Aprika]] na nakakua nin lisensya bilang piloto. == Amay na Buhay == Si Lotfia Elnadi namundag kan 29 Oktubre 1907 sa sarong pamilyang halangkaw an klase sa [[Cairo]] . <ref name="Tahrir News">{{Cite news}}</ref> <ref name="McCloskey2012">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_607AwAAQBAJ&pg=PT148|title=Airwork: A History|last=McCloskey|first=Keith|publisher=History Press|year=2012|isbn=978-0-7524-9459-3|location=Stroud, Gloucestershire, England|page=148}}</ref> Pagkatapos kan saiyang [[Primary education|primaryang edukasyon]], piglalaoman na siya mag-agom, na magin sarong [[Housewife|kagharong]] asin ina. An saiyang [[ama]], na nagtatrabaho sa opisina nin pag-imprenta kan gobyerno, si Matbaa Amiriya, dai nakahiling nin rason para ki Elnadi na mag [[Secondary education|-adal sa sekondarya]] . An saiyang ina nag-enkaminar saiya na mag-adal sa American College na may modernong kurikulum asin pokus bilang sarong [[Language school|eskwelahan nin tataramon]] . <ref name="Habib (2014)">{{Cite news}}</ref> Si Elnadi nagbasa nin sarong artikulo manungod sa sarong [[Flying school|eskwelahan sa paglupad]] na nagbukas pa sana sa Cairo asin nagdesisyon na siya mag-aatender, sa ibong kan mga pagtumang kan saiyang ama. Sa primero, nagdulok siya sa sarong peryodista tanganing tabangan siya, alagad kan magsayuma ini, nagduman siya nin direkta sa direktor kan [[EgyptAir]], si Kamal Elwi, na naghahagad nin tabang. Nahiling niya an potensyal para sa publisidad asin uminoyon na magtabang. <ref name="Habib (2014)2">{{Cite news}}</ref> Nin huli ta si Elnadi mayo nin paagi na mabayadan an mga leksyon sa paglupad, nagtrabaho siya bilang [[Secretary|sekretarya]] asin [[Switchboard operator|operator nin telepono]] para sa eskwelahan sa paglupad bilang karibay kan saiyang matrikula. <ref name="Tahrir News2">{{Cite news}}</ref> == Karera sa paglupad == [[Ladawan:Lotfia_elnady_in_plane.jpg|alt=Latifa in a plane, 1933.|thumb|Lotfia Elnadi sa sarong eroplano, 1933.]] When Elnadi earned her pilot’s licence, on 27 September 1933, she became the first African as well as Arab woman [[Pilot (aeronautics)|pilot]] in the world, after only 67 days of study. Her father was angry, but seeing the favorable press Elnadi received, his anger dissipated and he allowed her to take him on a flight over [[Giza pyramid complex|the pyramids]].<ref name="Habib (2014)3">{{Cite news}}</ref> Her achievement made headlines throughout the world.<ref name="Ayed (2013)">{{Cite news}}</ref> Kan 19 Disyembre 1933, si Elnadi naglupad sa internasyonal na karera sa pag-ultanan kan Cairo asin [[Alexandria, Egypt|Alexandria]] . Naglalayog sa rikas na nag-aaverage nin 100 milya kada oras, pigmaneho niya an saiyang eroplanong may sarong makina pasiring sa finish-line bago an arin man sa ibang mga kakompetensya. Nakaresibe siya nin premyong [[Egyptian pound|£E]] 200 asin an pagbati ni [[Fuad I of Egypt|Hadeng Fuad]] para sa saiyang pagprobar. [[Huda Sha'arawi|Si Huda Sha'arawi]], sarong lider [[Feminismo|na peminista]], nagpadara man nin mga saludo para sa inspirasyon na itinao ni Elnadi asin dangan nagkaigwa nin sarong kampanya sa pagtipon nin pondo tanganing bakalon si Elnadi nin sadiring eroplano. Si Elnadi nagtrabaho bilang [[Secretary general|sekretaryo heneral]] kan Egyptian Aviation Club <ref name="Habib (2014)4">{{Cite news}}</ref> asin naglupad nin mga limang taon bago siya nalugadan sa sarong aksidente na nakadanyar sa saiyang tulak. <ref name="99 News">{{Cite journal}}</ref> Sa pagsunod sa halimbawa ni Elnadi, sa laog nin mga sarong dekada an ibang mga babaeng Egipcio nag-atender sa pagsasanay sa paglupad asin nagin mga piloto. Sa pag-abot kan Ikaduwang Gerang Pankinaban, mayo nang ibang babaeng piloto an nagsanay sagkod 1945, sagkod na si Dina-Carole El Sawy nagin piloto para sa [[EgyptAir]] . <ref name="Habib (2014)5">{{Cite news}}</ref> == Huling Buhay == Pagkatapos kan aksidente sa paglupad, si Elnadi, nagduman tanganing magpabulong sa [[Suisa|Switzerland]] asin nagdanay duman sa laog nin dakul na taon. <ref name="Habib (2014)6">{{Cite news}}</ref> Kan 1989, siya inimbitaran pabalik sa Cairo tanganing magpartisipar sa ika-54 na anibersaryo kan sibil na aviasyon sa nasyon, kun saen siya nag-ako kan Order of Merit kan Egyptian Organization of Aerospace Education. <ref name="99 News2">{{Cite journal}}</ref> Kan 1992, naresibe niya an [[Ninety-Nines|Ninety Nines]] Award of Merit. <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> Kan 1996, sarong dokumentaryong pelikula, ''an Take Off From the Sand'', an ginibo na nag-iistorya kan saiyang istorya. <ref name="Ayed (2013)2">{{Cite news}}</ref> Kan siya 80 anyos, nagbalyo siya sa Toronto, Canada tanganing mag-istar kaiba an saiyang pamangkin asin an saiyang pamilya sa laog nin pirang taon bago nagbalyo sa Cairo kan siya huring 80 anyos. Dai siya nag-agom asin nagadan sa Cairo kan 2002. == Pamana == Kan 2014, sarong [[Google Doodle]] an nagselebrar kan saiyang ika-107 na kumpleanyo. <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> Kan 2017, sarong [[Google Doodle]] an nagtaong onra saiya sa International Women's Day. <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> == Mga Reperensya == # {{cite news|last1=حكايات|first1=يوستينا عطية|title=أول كابتن طيار|url=http://www.tahrirnews.com/Posts/printing/585391/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B1+%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%81+%D8%AD%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA|accessdate=17 December 2016|publisher=Tahrir News|date=12 July 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161217002916/http://www.tahrirnews.com/Posts/printing/585391/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B1+%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%81+%D8%AD%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA|archivedate=17 December 2016|location=Cairo, Egypt|language=Egyptian Arabic|url-status=dead}} # {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_607AwAAQBAJ&pg=PT148|title=Airwork: A History|last=McCloskey|first=Keith|publisher=History Press|year=2012|isbn=978-0-7524-9459-3|location=Stroud, Gloucestershire, England|page=148}} # {{cite news|last1=Habib|first1=Nader|title=Once upon a time - She wanted to be free|url=http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/News/7520/30/Once%20upon%20a%20time%20-%20She%20wanted%20to%20be%20free.aspx|accessdate=17 December 2016|issue=1218|newspaper=[[Al-Ahram Weekly]]|date=23 October 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161217062440/http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/News/7520/30/Once%20upon%20a%20time%20-%20She%20wanted%20to%20be%20free.aspx|archivedate=17 December 2016|location=Cairo, Egypt|url-status=dead}} # {{cite news|last1=Ayed|first1=Nahlah|title=Nahlah Ayed: The renewed fight for women's rights in Egypt|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/nahlah-ayed-the-renewed-fight-for-women-s-rights-in-egypt-1.1362514|accessdate=17 December 2016|publisher=[[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation]]|date=6 May 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151129110147/http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/nahlah-ayed-the-renewed-fight-for-women-s-rights-in-egypt-1.1362514|archivedate=29 November 2015|location=Ottawa, Ontario, Canada|url-status=dead}} # {{cite journal|last1=Cooper|first1=Ann|title=Lotfia El Nadi—The First Woman Pilot in Egypt|journal=Ninety-Nine News|date=November 1991|volume=17|issue=9|pages=5–6|url=http://www.ninety-nines.org/pdf/newsmagazine/199111.pdf|accessdate=17 December 2016|publisher=Ninety-Nines: International Organization of Women Pilots|location=Oklahoma City, Oklahoma}} # {{Cite web|last=Inc|first=The Ninety-Nines|title=Who We Are Awards Past Award Winners (The Ninety-Nines, Inc.)|url=https://www.ninety-nines.org/past-award-winners.htm|access-date=2024-05-24|website=The Ninety-Nines, Inc.|language=en}} # {{Cite web|url=https://doodles.google/doodle/lotfia-el-nadis-107th-birthday/|title=Lotfia El Nadi's 107th Birthday|website=www.google.com|language=en|access-date=2017-03-08}} # {{Cite web|url=https://doodles.google/doodle/international-womens-day-2017/|title=International Women's Day|language=en|access-date=2017-03-08}} ipju4j667a38vsqppi1haxhmkrsxbs9 0 53017 290408 290013 2025-07-02T05:44:16Z Derk29 17433 #WPWP #WPWPPH 290408 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ladawan:PiscesCC.jpg|thumb|Pagretrato kan konstelasyon na '''Pisces''', an sira]] An '''Pisces''' iyo an ikakagduwa asin huring [[astrolohikong simbolo]] sa [[sodyak]]. Saro iyan na [[mutable sign]]. It spans 330° sagkod 360° kan [[celestial longitude]]. Sa irarom kan tropikong sodyak, an [[Saldang (astrolohiya)|saldang]] naglilibot sa ronang ini sa pag-ultanan kan Pebrero 19 asin Marso 20. Sa klasikong interpretasyon, an simbolo kan sira ginuno gikan sa [[ichthyocentaurs]], na tinabangan ki [[Aphrodite]] kan siya namundag gikan sa dagat.{{sfn|Atsma|2017}} ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} {{stub}} oiuvzemgewjfsiwr2h1isf580in2s3b 0 53032 290422 290165 2025-07-02T09:29:16Z Imperator Romanii 27829 Imperator Romanii pinagbalyo an pahina [[Paragamit:Imperator Romanii/Sandbox1]] pasiring sa [[Manuel Baldemor]]: Ready for publication 290165 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox artist | name = Manuel Baldemor | image = Manuel Baldemor en Mexico.jpg | image_size = | birth_name = Manuel D. Baldemor | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1947|03|26}} | birth_place = [[Paete]], [[Laguna (province)|Laguna]], [[Philippines]] | nationality = [[Filipinos|Filipino]] | field = [[Painting]] }} '''Manuel Baldemor''' sarong Pilipinong pintor, eskultor, printmaker, parasurat asin ilustrador nin mga libro.<ref name="HeritageGallery">{{cite web |title=BALDEMOR, Manuel |url=https://heritagegallery.ph/2017/11/baldemor-manuel/ |website=Heritage Gallery |access-date=March 3, 2015 }}</ref> Siya ipinanganak kan Marso 26, 1947, sa [[Paete]], [[Laguna (province)|Laguna]], [[Philippines]]. Saiyang pinamidbid an saiyang mga pintal sa iba-ibang media na nagpapahiling nin mga eksena sa simpleng geometricong mga porma na may karakter na folk art. Kadakol kan saiyang mga paksa sa arte iyo an saiyang banwaan, an mga tawo igdi, an saindang aro-aldaw na mga buruhaton, asin an saindang mga selebrasyon.<ref name="drybrush">{{cite web|title=Manuel Baldemor - drybrush Gallery|url=https://drybrush.com/artists/manuel-baldemor|accessdate=2025-06-14}}</ref> An saiyang mga obra midbid bako' sana sa Pilipinas kundi pati' man sa iba pang mga rona'. Siya sarong artist-in-residence sa [[Chile]], [[Estonia]], [[France]], [[Israel]], [[Japan]], [[Singapore]], [[Switzerland]] asin [[Portugal]]. An saiyang mga obra bisto sa enterong kinaban dahil an [[UNICEF]] nagrereproduce kan saiyang mga obra bilang mga greeting card na ipinapanao sa bilog na kinaban.<ref name="drybrush" /><ref>{{cite web |title=Manuel Baldemor |url=https://www.artnet.com/artists/manuel-baldemor/ |website=Artnet |access-date=2025-06-14}}</ref> == Karera asin Edukasyon == Nag-adal si Manuel Baldemor sa University of Santo Tomas College of Architecture and Fine Arts (CAFA), na nagin [[University of Santo Tomas College of Architecture|College of Architecture]] asin [[University of Santo Tomas College of Fine Arts and Design|College of Fine Arts and Design]]. Kan estudyante pa siya, nagtrabaho siya kairiba an mga artista sa Mabini ngarig masuportahan an saiyang pangangaipo pinansyal.<ref name="BaldemorLuzviminda">{{Cite web |url=https://newyorkpcg.org/pcgny/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/PR-CSC-098-19.pdf |title=Manuel Baldemor’s Luzviminda, An Art Exhibit at the Philippine Center – Press Release PR-CSC-098-2019 |date=14 November 2019 |publisher=Consulate General of the Republic of the Philippines, New York |accessdate=22 June 2025 }}</ref> Danay siyang pinapahilingan nin tabang kan saiyang mga kaklase para sa saindang mga akademikong art plates, ta naiiba an saiyang kabatiran asin estilo. Durante sa saiyang pag-eskwela, naapektuhan siya kan mga prinsipyo nin modernismo na ipinahiling ni National Artist [[Victorio Edades]]. Si Baldemor pinahiling sa mga eksibit na nagtutukdo kan mga ugat kan modernong arte sa Pilipinas, kairiba an iba pang mga bantog na artista na naapektuhan kan legasiya ni Edades.<ref name="MayoRachel2011" /> Sa saiyang senior na taon, nagtrabaho siya bilang layout artist asin editorial cartoonist para sa Philippine Graphic. Igdi nagpoon an saiyang karera sa publikasyon. == Karera == Nagpoon an saiyang karera bilang pintor kan saiyang pagladawan kan kagandahan kan saiyang banwaan, Paete, Laguna, gamit an pen asin ink. An saiyang mural na obra na "Paete I" nanggana kan grand prize sa [[Art Association of the Philippines]] Art Competition and Exhibition kan 1972.<ref>{{cite web|title=Paete I - CCP Encyclopedia of Philippine Art|url=https://epa.culturalcenter.gov.ph/3/82/2254/|accessdate=2025-06-14}}</ref> Sa sunod na taon, an saiyang mural na "Paete II" nasikwit man parehas na premyo. An sunod-sunod na kapangganahan nagtukdo saiya para maging representante kan Pilipinas sa XIV International Art Exhibition sa [[Paris]] kan 1973. An art critic na si [[Leonides Benesa]] binasagan siya bilang "The Folk Artist".<ref name="WhenInManila2024">{{cite web |title=Meet the Artist Whose Paintings of Paete Led Him to Represent the Philippines in France |url=https://www.wheninmanila.com/meet-the-artist-whose-paintings-of-paete-led-him-to-represent-the-philippines-in-france/ |date=2024-12-18 |website=When In Manila |accessdate=2025-06-14 }}</ref> Sa dekada 1970, nagdevelop siya nin saiyang sadiring estilo nin arte na gikan sa mga naguno' niya sa baryo. Naghimo siya nin dakulang bilang nin mga obra na nagpapahiling kan ideal nin Pilipinas gamit an Folk Modernist na estilo. An saiyang enot na eksibit na "The Graphic of Manuel D. Baldemor" sa Hidalgo Gallery kan 1972 nagtanda kan pagsugod kan saiyang karera.<ref name="WhenInManila2024" /> Guminana siya ikatolong beses nin gold prize sa taonan na Art Association of the Philippines competition para sa saiyang mga fine prints kan 1983. Nagsubok siya nin iba pang mga media arog kan [[watercolour]], [[acrylic paint|acrylic]], [[tempera]], [[oil-on-canvas]], [[woodcut]], [[ceramics]], salamin, [[grass paper]], asin [[fine prints]].<ref name="drybrush" /> Maliban sa saiyang mga ladawan nagpapahiling nin aro-aldaw na buhay, nag-explore man siya sa espiritwal na tema sa arte. An saiyang ginibo na "Moments with Christ" midbid para magdulot nin mensahe nin banal na inspirasyon asin pagdugang nin bagong dimensyon sa saiyang repertoire.<ref name="MomentswithChrist">{{Cite web |title=Spiritualized through art with Manuel Baldemor's 'Moments with Christ' |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/lifestyle/content/301466/spiritualized-through-art-with-manuel-baldemor-s-moments-with-christ/story/ |website=GMA News |date=2013-03-21 |access-date=2025-06-21 |author=Lago, Amanda |language=en}}</ref> Si [[Rosalinda Orosa]], sarong art connoisseur asin kolumnista, nagbansag saiya bilang "The Chronicle of the Motherland" huli sa pagladawan kan kagayonan kan gabos na lugar sa Pilipinas.<ref name="FreeLibraryOrosa">{{cite web |url=https://www.thefreelibrary.com/In+Memoriam%3a+Rosalinda+Luna+Orosa%2c+the+Mother+of+Philippine+Arts+and...-a0776423059 |title=In Memoriam: Rosalinda Luna Orosa, the Mother of Philippine Arts and Culture |date=2023-12-15 |website=The Free Library |accessdate=2025-06-22 }}</ref> Kan 1992, gindara siya nin [[Cultural Center of the Philippines]] bilang sarong sa mga Thirteen Artist Awardees bilang pagkilala sa saiyang kontribusyon sa banwaan.<ref name="WhenInManila2024" /> Nakua niya an mga travel grants bilang artist-in-residence sa [[France]]<ref>{{cite news |last=Medina |first=A. |date=2013-04-25 |title=PHL artist Manuel Baldemor features Ifugaos in Paris art exhibit |url=http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/305528/pinoyabroad/pinoyachievers/phl-artist-manuel-baldemor-features-ifugaos-in-paris-art-exhibit |work=GMA News |access-date=March 3, 2015 }}</ref>, [[England]]<ref name="DMCircuitArtBaldemor">{{cite web |url=https://dmcircuitart.com/artist/manuel-baldemor/ |title=Manuel Baldemor - DM Circuit Art by Art Circle Gallery |website=DM Circuit Art |accessdate=2025-06-22 }}</ref>, [[Switzerland]]<ref name="OfficialGazette2012">{{cite web |title=Philippine Embassy in Berne celebrates 150th anniversary of Philippine-Swiss relations through an exhibit by Manny Baldemor |url=https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2012/07/06/philippine-embassy-in-berne-celebrates-150th-anniversary-of-philippine-swiss-relations-through-an-exhibit-by-manny-baldemor/ |website=Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines |date=2012-07-06 |access-date=2025-06-21 }}</ref>, [[Russia]], [[Spain]]<ref name="SalinasinSpain">{{cite web |title=Ambassador Salinas Opens Manuel Baldemor Exhibit in Madrid |url=https://www.philembassymadrid.com/ambassador-salinas-opens-manuel-baldemor-exhibit-madrid |website=Philippine Embassy Madrid |access-date=March 3, 2015 }}</ref>, [[Portugal]]<ref name="DMCircuitArtBaldemor" />, asin [[Scandinavia]]<ref name="BaldemorNorwayIceland">{{cite news |last=Grejalde |first=G. |title=Filipino holds exhibit in Norway, Iceland |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/content/100993/filipino-holds-exhibit-in-norway-iceland/story/ |work=GMA News |date=13 June 2008 |access-date=21 June 2025}}</ref> sa [[Europe]]; [[United States]]<ref name="DFA2016SymphonyOfFlowers">{{cite web |url=https://dfa.gov.ph/dfa-news/news-from-our-foreign-service-postsupdate/9334-manuel-baldemore-s-symphony-of-flowers-blooms-at-philippine-center-gallery |title=Manuel Baldemor’s “Symphony of Flowers” Blooms at Philippine Center Gallery |date=2016-05-23 |website=Department of Foreign Affairs, Republic of the Philippines |publisher=GOVPH |accessdate=2025-06-22 }}</ref>, [[Mexico]]<ref name="DFA2015TaxcoExhibit">{{cite web |url=https://dfa.gov.ph/dfa-news/news-from-our-foreign-service-postsupdate/7741-phl-embassy-in-mexico-opens-painting-exhibit-of-filipino-artist-in-taxco |title=PHL Embassy in Mexico opens Painting Exhibit of Filipino Artist in Taxco |date=2015-11-03 |website=Department of Foreign Affairs, Republic of the Philippines |accessdate=2025-06-22 |publisher=GOVPH }}</ref>, asin [[Chile]]<ref name="DMCircuitArtBaldemor" /> sa [[Americas]]; [[Iran]], [[Israel]], asin [[Egypt]] sa [[Middle East]]; [[South Korea]], [[India]], [[Malaysia]], asin [[China]]<ref name="ManilaStandard2023">{{cite web |url=https://manilastandard.net/?p=307141 |title=A tale of two nations |date=2023-09-15 |website=Manila Standard |accessdate=2025-06-22 }}</ref> sa [[Asia]]. Bawat pungsod na pinuntahan niya naging paksa asin tema kan saiyang arte. Siya naging kilala bilang International Artist asin pinaka Most Travelled Artist dahil sa pagbiyahe sa sobra 50 na mga pungsod. Niadtong 1995, ginsaulog niya an saiyang ika-25 anibersaryo bilang artista sa usa ka eksibit sa Artists’ Corner sa [[SM Megamall]], na nagpapahiling nin duwang mga obra: "Sining Bayan", na nagpapakita kan saiyang pagka-Pilipino, asin "The Global Village", na nagpapahiling kan saiyang internasyonal na mga kalihokan. An mga ambasador kan mga pungsod na kun saen siya nagsirbi bilang artist-in-residence nagtambong bilang mga bisita nin dungog.<ref name="drybrush" /> Niadtong 1998, an Presidente na si [[Fidel V. Ramos]] nagtambong sa pag-abli kan saiyang mural na "Pasasalamat"<ref>{{cite news |last=Zaide |first=Jose Abeto |date=2019-01-21 |title=Peripatetic artist & ambassador of goodwill |url=https://mb.com.ph/2019/01/21/peripatetic-artist-ambassador-of-goodwill/?amp |work=Manila Bulletin |access-date=March 3, 2015}}</ref>, na permanente na ipinapakita sa United Nations Center sa [[Vienna, Austria]].<ref name="GMA2012Austria">{{cite web |title=Pinoy artist Manuel Baldemor mounts exhibit in Austria |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/pinoyabroad/dispatch/265440/pinoy-artist-manuel-baldemor-mounts-exhibit-in-austria/story/ |website=GMA Network |date=2012-07-14 |access-date=2025-06-21 }}</ref> Nagpadagos an saiyang internasyonal na pagkilala kan 2013 kun sain an [https://www.ust.edu.ph/ambassador-salinas-highlights-the-filipino-global-maritime-professional-in-diplomat-lecture/ Ambassador Carlos C. Salinas] nagbukas kan saiyang eksibit na Symphony of Colors sa Madrid, bilang parte kan selebrasyon kan Philippines–Spain Friendship Day, na nagpapahiling pa nin mas dakulang internasyonal na sakop kan karyer artistiko ni Baldemor.<ref name="SalinasinSpain" /> Sa samang taon, nagdumara siya nin sarong adlaw na eksibit na pinangaranan Philippine Skyland sa [[UNESCO]] sa Paris, na nagpapahiling nin mga obra na naglalarawan kan buhay asin kultura kan mga Ifugao.<ref name="GMA2013Medina">{{cite news |last=Medina |first=A. |date=2013-04-25 |title=PHL artist Manuel Baldamor features Ifugaos in Paris art exhibit |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/pinoyabroad/dispatch/305528/phl-artist-manuel-baldamor-features-ifugaos-in-paris-art-exhibit/story/ |work=GMA News |access-date=2025-06-21 }}</ref> Siyang sarong eskultor man. Niadtong 1982, nagdaog siya nin ika-upat na gold prize para sa eskultura sa Annual Art Association of the Philippines Competition gamit an saiyang obra na "Tribute to the Filipino Farmer," na ipinakita sa City Gallery sa [[Luneta]] niadtong 1980, bilang pasidungog sa saiyang amahan, si Perfecto S. Baldemor. Niadtong 1999, nirepresentar niya an Pilipinas sa 3rd Inami International Wooden Sculpture Camp sa [[Toyama Prefecture]], [[Japan]], kun sain naghimo siya kan monumental na "Pamilyang Pilipino," na may lapad na 1m asin kataas na 4m.<ref name="drybrush" /> Kan Oktubre 1–14, 1999, ipinakita niya an saiyang ika-100 na eksibit na pinangaranan "A Distinctive Milestone" bilang pintor asin eskultor sa Artists’ Corner sa [[SM Megamall]]. Sa panahon na ini, siya an nag-iisang artista na naka-exhibit nin saiyang mga obra ngani sa gatos na beses.<ref name="WhenInManila2024" /> Siyang sarong manunurat man asin miyembro kan Writers’ Guild of the Philippines. An saiyang mga balak asin sanaysay ipinapakita sa mga nangunguna na mantalaan asin magasin. Siya sarong kolumnista para sa kultura sa duwang dagkong mantalaan. An saiyang lingguhang kolum na pinangaranan "Folio" ipinapakita sa Sunday Times kan [[Manila Times]] niadtong 1992 hasta 1994. Nagpadagos siya sa saiyang lingguhang kolum sa "Art and Culture Section" kan "[[The Philippines Star]]" hale 1997 hasta 1999. Kan 2025, aktibo siyang nagtambong sa ika-51 National Writers Congress kan Writers’ Union of the Philippines ([[UMPIL]]), kun sain nagdisenyo asin nagdonar siya nin mga hinimo sa kamot na tropyo para sa Gawad Pambansang Alagad ni Balagtas na mga literary awards.<ref name="MarketMonitorUMPIL2025">{{cite web |url=https://marketmonitor.com.ph/umpil-held-its-51st-national-writers-congress/ |title=UMPIL held its 51st National Writers’ Congress |date=2025-04-26 |website=The Market Monitor |accessdate=2025-06-22 |publisher=The Market Monitor }}</ref> Ipinakita niya an saiyang kahanas bilang graphic designer sa paghimo nin souvenir programs para sa XI World Congress of Cardiology kan 1991, XXII International Conference on Internal Medicine kan 1994, asin iba pang commemorative books manungod sa kasaysayan asin pag-uma kan [[Philippines]].<ref name="OpenLibraryPhilippines1989">{{cite book |title=The Philippines |author=Guerrero-Nakpil, Carmen |others=Illustrated by Manuel D. Baldemor |publisher=XI World Congress of Cardiology |date=1989-01-01 |pages=118 |url=https://openlibrary.org/books/OL45607063M/The_Philippines |accessdate=2025-06-22 }}</ref> Niadtong 1980, ginhatag saiya an "Gawad Sikap" para sa [[Visual Arts]] bilang pagpasidungog sa ika-400 anibersaryo kan saiyang banwaan. An Paetenians International Northeast Chapter nagkilala saiya bilang "Paetenian of the Year" kan 1985 asin sarong sa "Ten Outstanding Living Paetenians" kan 2000. Ginhatag man siya bilang sarong sa "Natatanging Buhay na Anak ng Bayan" sa selebrasyon kan Balik-Paete 2004.<ref name="natatanging-anak">{{cite book |last1=Africano |first1=C. |last2=Baldemor |first2=M. |last3=Casanova |first3=A. |title=Tatlong Haligi ng Sining. In Mga Natatanging Anak ng Paete |year=2005 |publisher=UST Publishing House |url=https://ust.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma991001091059709111&vid=63UOSTP_INST:UOSTP |access-date=2025-06-14}}</ref> Usahay siya an nag-una sa pagpasidungog asin pagpalig-on kan Paete pinaagi sa saiyang mga eksibit arog kan "Salubong" sa Nayong Pilipino kan 1978, "The Masters of Paete Exhibit" sa City Gallery, Luneta kan 1980, an grand exhibition na "The Paete Phenomenon" sa Cultural Center of the Philippines, an tape-recording kan duwang historical concerts kan Band 69 – "Konsyerto ng Pamanang Himig" asin "Konsyerto ng Sentenaryo ng Banda" sa UP Abelardo Hall kan 1997, asin an "Konsyerto ng Sentenaryo ng Kalayaan ng Bansa" sa sulod kan gatus na tuig na Simbahan kan [[Paete, Laguna]].<ref name="TapatalkBanda69">{{cite web |url=https://www.tapatalk.com/groups/usappaete/a-salute-to-the-35-years-of-banda-69-t3250-s10.html |title=A Salute to the 35 Years of Banda 69 |website=USAPPAETE Forum on Tapatalk |accessdate=2025-06-22 }}</ref> An saiyang mga obra kilala sa bug-os na kinaban dahil an [[UNICEF]] nagrereproduce kan saiyang mga obra bilang mga greeting cards na ipinapamahagi sa bug-os na kinaban.<ref name="HeritageGallery" /><ref name="natatanging-anak" /><ref>{{cite web |title=The Art of Manuel D. Baldemor |url=https://philippinecenterny.com/manuel-d-baldemor-coming-soon/ |website=Philippine Center New York |access-date=March 3, 2015 }}</ref> Siya pinapansin sa pagpintura kan Pilipinas asin sa bug-os na kinaban, na nagpapahiling kan lokal na kultura habang nakikisali sa mga global na tema.<ref name="GalarpeKMonitor">{{cite web |last=Galarpe |first=K. |title=Manuel Baldemor paints the Philippines and the world |url=https://karengalarpe.wordpress.com/2010/01/13/manuel-baldemor-paints-the-philippines-and-the-world/ |website=K Monitor (WordPress) |access-date=2025-06-21 }}</ref> An iba sa saiyang mga obra naipasa man bilang cross-stitch patterns asin ipinapakita sa mga eksibit sa Europa, na nagpapahiling kan pagkamaabilidad asin internasyonal na atraksyon kan saiyang estilo sa biswal.<ref name="BaldemorCrossStitch">{{cite web |title=Baldemor masterpieces turned into cross-stitch art, featured in European exhibitions |url=https://www.vintersections.com/2010/06/baldemor-masterpieces-turned-into-cross.html |website=VIntersections |date=June 2010 |access-date=21 June 2025}}</ref> Niadtong 2009, tinapos ni Baldemor an sarong monumental na glass mosaic mural na pinangaranan "People Power", na gibutang sa [[Basilica of St. Thérèse]] sa Lisieux, France. Ginibo sa kolaborasyon kan mga French mosaicists na sinda [https://fdac.dordogne.fr/les-oeuvres/acquisitions-realisees-en-2013/henot-sylvie/ Sylvie Henot] asin [https://fr.linkedin.com/in/fran%C3%A7ois-sand-0b580b44 François Sand], an obra naghanduraw kan People Power Revolution kan 1986 sa Pilipinas. An mural kabahin kan permanente na koleksyon kan basilica, na nagsisimbolo kan kapayapaan asin espirituhanong pagkakaisa. An pagbutang kaini sarong talagsaon na dungog para sa sarong Pilipinong artista sa sarong sa mga pinakaimportante na relihiyosong pilgrimage sites sa France.<ref name="MBLivingBeyondMeans2020">{{cite web |url=https://mb.com.ph/2020/3/8/on-living-beyond-our-means |title=On living beyond our means |date=2020-03-08 |website=Manila Bulletin |accessdate=2025-06-22 }}</ref> == Mga Bantog na Obra == {| class="wikitable" |- ! Tuig !! Titulo asin Lokasyon |- | 2009 || Mosaic sa Basilica of St. Thérèse sa Lisieux, France<ref name="MBLivingBeyondMeans2020" /> |- | 2007 || Commemorative Stamps para sa Philippines–France Relations (ika-60 na anibersaryo kan Diplomatic Ties), Philippine Embassy sa Paris, France<ref name="MBLivingBeyondMeans2020" /> |- | 1990s || UNICEF Christmas Cards<ref name="MBLivingBeyondMeans2020" /> |} == Mga Ganti == {| class="wikitable" |- ! Tuig !! Titulo asin Lokasyon |- | 2007 || Most Outstanding Alumni kan University of Santo Tomas |- | 2004 || ika-10 Asian Biennale, Bangladesh |- | 1998 || Indian Council for Cultural Relations, Delhi, India |- | 1997 || Ministry of [[Arts and Culture]], Prague, Czech Republic |- | 1994 || Artist-in-residence, Internationale Austausch Ateliers Region Basel, Switzerland |- | 1992 || Thirteen Artists Award, Cultural Center of the Philippines |- | 1991 || Ministry of [[Arts and Culture]], Cairo, Egypt |- | 1989|| First [[ASEAN]] Symposium on Aesthetics, Workshop and Exhibition, National Gallery, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia |- | 1988 || Artist-in-residence, Santiago, Chile Artist-in-residence, Miskenot Shaannmin, Jerusalem, Israel USIS, Voluntary Visitors Program, USA |- | 1987 || China Exhibition Agency, The People's Republic of China |- | 1985 || Ministry of [[Arts and Culture]], Moscow, USSR Leutuvos TSR Kuturas Ministerija, Vilnius, Lithuania |- | 1983 || Best Fine Print Award, Art Association of the Philippines |- | 1982 || Best Sculpture Award, Art Association of the Philippines |- | 1975 || British Council, London Ministry of [[Arts and Culture]], Paris, France |- | 1974 || Honorable Mention Award para sa Painting, AAP |- | 1973 || Philippine Representative, XIV Internationale Art Exhibition, Paris, France Grand Prize Award, Art Association of the Philippines |} == Solo na mga Eksibit == {| class="wikitable" |- ! Tuig !! Titulo asin Lokasyon |- | 2019|| "[[Luzviminda]]", New York City, USA<ref name="BaldemorLuzviminda" /> |- | 2014||"Mosaique" Alliance Francaise, France<ref name="BaldemorFrance">{{cite news |title=Manuel Baldemor revisits his affinity with France |url=https://businessmirror.com.ph/2024/12/17/manuel-baldemor-revisits-his-affinity-with-france/ |work=BusinessMirror |date=17 December 2024 |access-date=21 June 2025}}</ref><ref name="BaldemorExhibit">{{cite news |title=Manuel Baldemor paintings on exhibit in Makati |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/lifestyle/artandculture/929656/manuel-baldemor-paintings-exhibit-makati/story/ |work=GMA News Online |date=28 February 2024 |access-date=21 June 2025}}</ref><ref name="InstagramDDL5TecMUOR">{{Cite web |title=Instagram post by @username |url=https://www.instagram.com/p/DDL5TecMUOR/ |website=Instagram |access-date=2025-06-21}}</ref> |- | 2013 || "Moments with Christ", SM Megamall Atrium<ref name="MomentswithChrist" /> "Symphony of Colors" Centro Cultural Galileo, Madrid, Spain<ref name="SalinasinSpain" /><ref name="SalinasinSpainArchive">Phl Ambassador opens Manuel Baldemor exhibit in Madrid. (2013, June 11). Retrieved March 3, 2015, from http://www.interaksyon.com/lifestyle/phl-ambassador-opens-manuel-baldemor-exhibit-in-madrid {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518093940/http://www.interaksyon.com/lifestyle/phl-ambassador-opens-manuel-baldemor-exhibit-in-madrid |date=2015-05-18 }}</ref> "Philippine Skyland" Salon des Délegués., UNESCO Miollis, Paris, France<ref name="GMA2013Medina" /> |- | 2012 || "Impressions: An Art Exhibition of Paintings" Vienna International Center, Vienna, Austria<ref name="GMA2012Austria" /> "Images of My Homeland and Switzerland" Switzerland<ref name="OfficialGazette2012" /> |- | 2010 || Sarong [[Cross-Stitch]] na Eksibit, Event Center, SM Megamall<ref name="BaldemorCrossStitch"/><ref name="BaldemorDMC">{{cite web |title=Manuel Baldemor: Masterpieces by DMC |url=https://archive.md/20150317012210/http://www.focusglobalinc.com/dmc-news/manuel-baldemor-masterpieces-by-dmc.aspx |website=Focus Global Inc. |archive-url=http://www.focusglobalinc.com/dmc-news/manuel-baldemor-masterpieces-by-dmc.aspx |archive-date=17 March 2015 |access-date=21 June 2025}}</ref> |- | 2008 || "The Images of the Philippines and Norway" Norway’s Ministry of Culture and Church Affairs, Norway, Iceland<ref name="BaldemorNorwayIceland"/> |- | 2007|| "Somewhere in France" Art Center, SM Megamall<ref name="WhenInManila2024" /><ref name="GalarpeKMonitor" /> "Windows" Atrium, Singapore "Chromatext Reloaded" CCP Main Gallery "The Wonders of China" Galerie Y |- | 2006 || Vietnam Fine Art Museum exhibit, Hanoi |- | 2005 || Galerie S, Stockholm |- | 1998 || "Las Canciones de la Revolucion" Museo Nacional de Antropologia, Madrid, Spain "From the Heart of India" Art Center, SM MegaMall |- | 1997 || "A Gift of Nature" Gallery 139, Ayala Alabang, Muntinlupa "Dubrovnik Croatia" Galerie Y, SM MegaMall, Mandaluyong "Czech National Day" Czech Embassy, Manila "Songs of the Revolution" Ayala Museum, Makati City "Prague, The Heart of Europe" Ayala Museum, Makati City "Mula sa Sinisintang Lupa" GSIS Museo ng Sining, GSIS Bldg, Financial Center, Pasay "Philippines Nature's Wonder" Hotel Bayerischen Hof, Munich, Germany "Images of my Native Land" Novomestska Radnice, Prague, Czech Republic "Hymn to my Homeland" Kunst Im Sonnenhof, Bern, Switzerland "Transition" The Crucible Gallery, SM MegaMall, Mandaluyong |- | 1996 || "Cultural and Spiritual Homeland" Museo Iloilo, Iloilo City "Quelque Part En France" La Galerie, Alliance Francaise de Manille "Global Village" The Art Center, SM MegaMall, Mandaluyong "Hymn to the Earth" Luz Gallery, Makati City "Discovery" The Country of Tagaytay Highlands, Tagaytay City "Festival of my Hometown" Philippine International Convention Center |- | 1995 || "Switzerland Aquarelle" Finale Art Gallery, SM MegaMall, Mandaluyong "Pasko sa Aming Bayan" [[EDSA]] Plaza Hotel, Mandaluyong "Graces from the Land" Gen. Luna Gallery, Davao City "Masskara", Bacolod Convention Plaza Hotel, Bacolod City "Sining Bayan" Art Center, SM MegaMall, Mandaluyong "CEBU, The Queen City of the South" SM City, Cebu |- | 1994 || "Madonna Filipina" Sculpture Exhibition, Heritage Art Center, Shangri-La Plaza, Mandaluyong "Flowers from the Alps" Galerie Y, SM MegaMall, Mandaluyong "A Piece of Switzerland" Ayala Museum, Makati City "Ein Stuck Schwiz" International Austausch Ateliers Region, Basel, Switzerland |- | 1993 || "Maskara ng Buhay" Galerie Y, SM MegaMall, Mandaluyong "Zona Verde" Hotel Intercontinental, Makati City "Philippine Skyworld" Phoenix Gallery, Baguio City "Cogon at Kahoy" Woodcut Prints Exhibition, Ayala Museum, Makati City "Scent of China" Galerie Y, SM MegaMall, Mandaluyong "The Gentle Carabao" West Gallery, SM MegaMall, Mandaluyong "Festival of Colors" Victoria Plaza, Davao City |- | 1992 || "Pasko Filipino" Heritage Art Center, SM MegaMall, Mandaluyong "Mirror" Lopez Museum, Pasig "Awit at Kulay" Hotel Nikko Manila Garden, Makati City "Season's Best" Westin Philippine Plaza Hotel, Manila "Recuerdos de Mexico" Ayala Museum, Makati City |- | 1991 || "Underneath the Rainbow" Philippines Center, New York City, USA "The Wonders of Egypt II" Egyptian Ambassador's Residence, Makati City "The Wonders of Egypt I" Lopez Museum, Pasig "The Art of Manuel D. Baldemor" National Gallery, Open House, Cairo, Egypt "Ugat ng Sariling Atin" UPLB Gallery, Los Baños, [[Laguna (province)|Laguna]] "Ang Pista sa Nayon" West Gallery, Quezon City "Sa Duyan ng Pagmamahal" Ayala Museum, Makati City "May Isang Bayan sa Dakong Silangan" Cultural Center of the Philippines, Manila "Sa Lambong ng Bahag-hari" Artist's Corner Gallery, Hotel Intercontinental Manila, Makati City |- | 1990 || "Munting Bayan sa Salamin" Hotel Nikko Manila Garden, Makati City "Nature's Best" Lopez Museum, Pasig "Sining at Lulturang Kinagisnan" The Luz Gallery, Makati City "Pagdiriwang" Philippine International Convention Center, Manila |- | 1989 || "Chile: A Discovery of Colors" The National Museum, Manila |- | 1987 || "The Art of Manuel D. Baldemor" Harry Steel Cultural Center, Kiriat Ono, Israel "As I Came Down from Jerusalem" Ayala Museum, Makati City "Munting Bayan" Philippine Center, New York |- | 1986 || "Homage to Carlos V. Francisco" Angono Artist's, Angono, Rizal "Recent Works" Lopez Museum, Pasig "Homage to Botong" Ayala Museum, Makati City "American Experience" Thomas Jefferson Cultural Center, Makati City "The Art of Manuel D. Baldemor" International Art Gallery, Beijing, China "Xian Beyond Expectations" Ayala Museum, Makati City |- | 1985 || "The Graphic Art of Manuel D. Baldemor" The Friendship House, Moscow, USSR "Manuelis Baldemoras Tapyba Grapika" Lietuvos TSR Dailies Muziejus, Vilnius, Lithuania "Folk Vision" The Luz Gallery, Makati City "Pahiyas and the Year of the Carabao" Gallery Genesis, Mandaluyong |- | 1984 || "Summertime" Gallery Marguerite, Hyatt Terraces, Baguio City "Baldemor Country" The Luz Gallery, Makati City |- | 1983 || "[[Laguna (province)|Laguna]], the Land and the People" Hidalgo Gallery, Makati City "Painting and Sculpture" ELF Arthaus, Parañaque, Metro Manila "Munting Bayan" Ayala Museum, Makati City |- | 1982 || "Roots" Greenhills Art Center, San Juan, Metro Manila |- | 1981 || "Korean Impressions" Greenhills Art Center, San Juan, Metro Manila "Baldemor's Painting Exhibition" Philippine Embassy, Seoul, Korea "Images of the Homeland" Greenhills Art Center, San Juan, Metro Manila |- | 1980 || "Tribute to the Filipino Farmers" (Sculpture) City Gallery, Manila |- | 1978 || "Introspective" Print Collections Gallery, Manila "Kay Ganda ng Pilipinas" ABC Galleries, Manila "Muslim Impressions" Hidalgo Gallery, Makati City |- | 1977 || "The Art of Manuel D. Baldemor" Mainz Rathaus, Mainz, West Germany "Baldemor Paintings" PhilamLife, Iloilo City |- | 1976 || "Ceramic Paintings" The Gallery, Hyatt Regency, Manila "Mother and Child" ABC Galleries, Manila "Prints and Drawings" Galeria Burlas, Bacolod City |- | 1975 || "Kay Ganda ng Pilipinas" Kilusang Sining Gallery, Makati "Recent Paintings" Galeria Burlas, Bacolod City |- | 1974 || "Baldemor's Paete" GMTFM Hall, Taguig, Metro Manila "Paete" Second [[Laguna (province)|Laguna]] Development Bank, Paete, [[Laguna (province)|Laguna]] "Paete: Sketchbook of a Filipino Town" Quad Gallery, Makati |- | 1973 || "The Art of Manuel D. Baldemor" Hidalgo Gallery, Makati |- | 1972 || "The Graphic Art of Manuel D. Baldemor" Hidalgo Gallery, Makati City |} == Grupo na mga Eksibit == {| class="wikitable" |- ! Tuig !! Titulo asin Lokasyon |- | 2011 || "Edades: From Freedom to Fruition", Cultural Center of the Philippines<ref name="MayoRachel2011">{{cite web |last=Mayo |first=R. |title=Exhibition traces the roots of Modern Art in the Philippines |url=http://rachelmayo.blogspot.com/2011/12/edades-from-freedom-to-fruition.html |website=The Essence of Things by Rachel Mayo (Blogspot) |date=2011 |access-date=2025-06-21 }}</ref> |- | 2006 || "Ode to the Pasig River" Ayala Museum "Through the Palette's Eye" U.P.-Jorge B. Vargas Museum and Filipiniana Research Center |- | 2005 || Philippine Exhibit, Stanford Art Spaces, Stanford University "SCAPES: Images of Time and Place" DLSU Museum |- | 1997 || Two-Man Show, Albor-Baldemor, Stadt Museum, Düsseldorf, Germany Two-Man Show, Albor-Baldemor, Landesvertretung Thuringen, Bonn, Germany |- | 1996 || "The Filipino Masters" Ericsson Telecommunications, Manila Three-Man Show, Albor-Baldemor-Olmedo, Philippine Embassy, Vienna, Italy |- | 1992 || Philippine Pavilion, Seville, Spain |- | 1991 || "Paete Phenomenon" Cultural Center of the Philippines |- | 1990 || Cultural Gallery, Muzium Negara, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia |- | 1989 || First [[ASEAN]] Symposium on Aesthetics, Workshop and Exhibition, National Art Gallery, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia |- | 1988 || International Art Festival, Saddam Art Center, Baghdad, Iraq |- | 1987 || Metropolitan Museum, Manila |- | 1986 || Bienal de la Habana, Cuba |- | 1985 || Print Council of Australia, Melbourne Asia World Art Gallery, Taipei, Taiwan |- | 1984 || Galerie Taub, Philadelphia |- | 1982 || ASEAN Traveling Art Exhibition, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, Indonesia, Hong Kong, and Manila |- | 1980 || Madurodam Gallery, The Hague, The Netherlands |- | 1977 || Wall Panel Gallery, Tehran, Iran |- | 1975 || The Philippine Center, New York City, New York, USA |- | 1973 || XIV Internationale Art Exhibition, Paris, France |- | 1972 || AAP Art Competition and Exhibition, Cultural Center of the Philippines |} == Mga Libro asin Publikasyon == {| class="wikitable" |- ! Tuig !! Titulo asin mga Kontribyutor |- | 2010 || "Manuel D. Baldemor’s European Journey of Discovery"<ref>Manuel D. Baldemor's European journey of discovery. (n.d.). Retrieved March 3, 2015, from http://www.worldcat.org/title/manuel-d-baldemors-european-journey-of-discovery/oclc/758099557</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Manuel D. Baldemor's European journey of discovery |url=https://ust.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma991002818509709111&vid=63UOSTP_INST:UOSTP |access-date=March 3, 2015}}</ref> |- | 1996 || "Painting the Global Village" kauban si Rosalinda L. Orosa |- | 1993 || "Tales of a Rainy Night" kauban si C. Hidalgo "Sabong" kauban si A. Hidalgo |- | 1992-94 || Kolumnista, "Folio", Sunday Times Life Magazine, Pilipinas |- | 1992 || "Philippine Food and Life" kauban si G.C. Fernando <ref>[[Puto (food)|Puto]] (2015, April 12)</ref> |- | 1991 || "The Paete Phenomenon" kauban si I.C. Endaya |- | 1990-94 || Opisyal na UNICEF Card Design |- | 1989 || "The Philippines" kauban si C. Nakpil & "Chile, A Discovery of Colors" kauban si S. Fanega |- | 1988 || "Sarap" kauban si D. Fernandez, E. Alegre |- | 1987 || "Philippine Ancestral Houses" kauban si F. Zialcita, N. Oshima |- | 1986 || "Painture, New Lixicom of Philippine Art" kauban si P. Zafaralla |- | 1981 || "Images of the Homeland" kauban si M. Baterina |- | 1980 || "Tribute to the Filipino Farmers" kauban si L. Benesa |- | 1974 || "Paete, Sketchbook of a Filipino Town" kauban si B. Afuang |- | 1972 || "The Graphic Art of Manuel D. Baldemor" kauban si M. Duldulao |} == Mga Bantog na Tao == [[Angeline Baldemor]] [[Angelito Baldemor]] [[Angelo Baldemor]] [[Antero Baldemor]] [[Celoine Baldemor]] [[Charming Baldemor]] [[Felix "Kid" Baldemor]] [[Fred Baldemor]] [[Leandro Baldemor]] [[Mailah Baldemor]] [[Marvin Baldemor]] [[Mike Baldemor]] [[Nick C. Baldemor]] [[Vince Baldemor]] [[Walter Baldemor]] [[Wilfredo Baldemor]] [[Wilson Baldemor]] [[Zoerya Emi Baldemor Abuel]] [[Vicente Mannsala]] == Mga Sanggunian == {{Reflist}} == Bibliograpiya == Africano, C., Baldemor, M., and Casanova, A. (2005). Tatlong Haligi ng Sining. In Mga Natatanging Anak ng Paete. UST Publishing House. Featuring artwork by Manuel Baldemor. {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Baldemor, Manuel}} [[Category:Filipino painters]] [[Category:1947 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Artists from Laguna (province)]] [[Category:Filipino printmakers]] 3z6lehn93klptl9ilqh6t39t676g2ey 0 53054 290424 290186 2025-07-02T09:30:42Z Imperator Romanii 27829 Imperator Romanii pinagbalyo an pahina [[Paragamit:Imperator Romanii/Sandbox2]] pasiring sa [[Mailah Baldemor]]: Ready for publication 290186 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mailah Baldemor''' sarong Pilipina na visual artist asin edukador. Nagdaog siya kan 1993 na [https://www.shell.com.ph/about-us/what-we-do/energy-and-innovation/make-the-future/national-students-art-competition.html Shell National Student Art Competition (NSAC)].<ref>{{cite web |title=Women of Shell NSAC applauded for international women's day |url=https://www.artplus.ph/features/shell-nsac-women-artists-take-center-stage-on-international-womens-day |website=art+ |date=March 2023 |access-date=June 14, 2025}}</ref> Naggikan sa pamilya nin mga artist, si Baldemor nagtampo sa sining Pilipino paagi sa saiyang mga malikhaing obra asin partisipasyon sa edukasyon sa sining.<ref>{{cite web |title=4 Filipina Artists Who Have Made Their Name in the Philippine Art Industry |url=https://www.wheninmanila.com/shell-nsac-filipina-artists/ |website=When In Manila |date=March 2023 |access-date=June 14, 2025}}</ref> == Kabataan asin edukasyon == Naipakilala si Mailah Baldemor sa sining hale pa sa saiyang pagkabata, nagtukdo nin mga batakang konsepto arog kan color harmony maski bago pa siya nagin marhay sa pagsurat. Nagpartisipar siya sa mga kompetisyon sa sining habang bata pa, ipinapahiling an saiyang pagkamalikhain asin nagtutubod nin kumpiyansa bilang batang artist. Sa 1992, nag-enroll siya sa University of Santo Tomas College of Architecture and Fine Arts (CAFA), na nagin [[University of Santo Tomas College of Architecture|College of Architecture]] asin [[University of Santo Tomas College of Fine Arts and Design|College of Fine Arts and Design]] sa masunod na mga taon, kun sain pinadakul niya an saiyang talento sa pagkamalikhain. Sa 1993, nakab-ot niya an nasyonal na pagkilala sa pagdaog sa Shell National Student Art Competition gamit an saiyang obra na pinamagatang, ''Lahar Country''. Ini na premyo nagtugot saiya nin scholarship asin nagtukdo nin dalan sa saiyang propesyonal na karera sa sining.<ref>{{cite web |title=Shell NSAC Celebrates Women in Philippine Art |url=https://www.filipinoart.ph/newsroom/2023/03/24/shell-nsac-celebrates-women-in-philippine-art/ |website=FilipinoArt.ph |date=March 24, 2023 |access-date=June 14, 2025}}</ref> == Karera asin kontribusyon sa sining == Si Mailah Baldemor nagserbi bilang Chair kan Painting Program sa [[University of Santo Tomas College of Fine Arts and Design|University of Santo Tomas College of Fine Arts and Design (UST–CFAD)]]. Sa saiyang papel, nakikibahagi siya sa edukasyon asin pag-uswag kan mga nag-uuswag na Pilipinong artist. An saiyang praktis sa sining naglalakip nin iba-ibang media asin nagtutok sa mga tema na may kinalaman sa kontemporaryong sosyedad.<ref>{{cite web |title=Balde of CFAD Takes Part in PH Winning Entry to 2020 International Christmas Seals Contest |url=https://www.ust.edu.ph/balde-of-cfad-takes-part-in-ph-winning-entry-to-2020-international-christmas-seals-contest/ |website=University of Santo Tomas |date=2020 |access-date=June 14, 2025}}</ref> Si Baldemor nag-istorya man manungod sa epekto kan digital connectivity sa larangan nin sining sa Pilipinas, pinapahiling kun pano an social media asin internet nagtutabang sa pagbinaylo nin mga ideya, pag-adoptar nin mga bag-o na uso, asin pag-apod nin partisipasyon sa mga isyu arog kan climate change asin pampublikong kahimsog.<ref>{{cite web |title=Shell NSAC Women Artists Take Center Stage on International Women's Day |url=https://mb.com.ph/2023/03/09/shell-nsac-women-artists-take-center-stage-on-international-womens-day/ |newspaper=Manila Bulletin |date=March 9, 2023 |access-date=June 14, 2025}}</ref> Sa 2020, nagtampo siya bilang artist sa Philippine entry na nagdaog sa International Christmas Seals contest na gin-organisar kan [[Quezon Institute|Philippine Tuberculosis Society]], na nagpapahiling kan saiyang partisipasyon sa mga sosyal na proyekto sa sining.<ref>{{cite web |title=Philippine Tuberculosis Society Inc. Facebook Post |url=https://www.facebook.com/philtbsociety/posts/3209318105985956/ |website=Facebook |date=March 24, 2022 |access-date=June 14, 2025}}</ref> == Pagkilala asin epekto == Sa 2023, si Mailah Baldemor narekognisar bilang sarong sa apat na bantog na Filipina na artist sa selebrasyon kan Pilipinas Shell Petroleum Corporation para sa International Women's Month. Ini na pagkilala nagpasabot kan saiyang mga naabot bilang Shell National Student Art Competition (NSAC) alumna asin sa padagos na kontribusyon sa sining Pilipino.<ref>{{cite web |title=Shell NSAC Honors Four Women Alumni on International Women's Day |url=http://www.jajaramirez.com/index.php/2023/03/29/shell-nsac-honors-four-women-alumni-on-international-womens-day/ |website=Jaja Ramirez Lifestyle |date=March 29, 2023 |access-date=June 14, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Shell NSAC Women Artists Take Center Stage on International Women's Day |url=https://pilipinas.shell.com.ph/media/current-year-press-releases-news/shell-nsac-women-artists-take-center-stage-on-international-womens-day.html |publisher=Pilipinas Shell |date=March 2023 |access-date=June 14, 2025}}</ref> An saiyang karera nagpapahiling kan papel kan Shell NSAC sa pagsuporta sa mga Pilipinong artist asin nagpapadagos kan impluwensya kan kompetisyon sa pag-amuma kan mga batang talento sa saiyang {{#expr: {{CURRENTYEAR}} -1951 -16}}-taon na kasaysayan.<ref>{{cite web |title=Pilipinas Shell National Student Art Competition Celebrates 55 Years of Filipino Art |url=https://theredcircle.com.ph/pilipinas-shell-national-student-art-competition-celebrates-55-years-of-filipino-art/ |website=The Red Circle |date=September 28, 2022 |access-date=June 14, 2025}}</ref> == Mga reperensya == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Filipino artists]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]] [[Category:Place of birth missing (living people)]] 2ks9p34bao6fumpfk4w3p5g3s5gqy6e 0 53068 290410 290243 2025-07-02T05:53:45Z Derk29 17433 #WPWP #WPWPPH 290410 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ladawan:Capricorn - Johann Bayer.jpg|thumb|Capricorn]] An '''Capricorn''' iyo an ikasampulong [[astrological sign]] sa [[sodyak]] sa kagduwang kabilugan na mga zodiac signs, guminikan sa [[Capricornus|konstelasyon nin Capricornus]], an kanding.{{sfn|dictionary|n.d.|loc=s.v. Capricorn}} Nasasakopan kaiyan an ika-270–300 degree kan zodiac, minakoresponder sa [[langitnon na longitud]]. Sa irarom kan [[Sidereal asin tropikong astrolohiya|tropikong sodyak]], naglilibot an saldang sa ronang ini poon Desyembre 22 sa Enero 19.{{sfn|dictionary|n.d.|loc=s.v. Capricorn}} An Capricorn iyo an saro sa tulong [[earth signs]], kaiba an [[Virgo]] asin [[Taurus]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cosmopolitan.com/lifestyle/a33588028/earth-signs-astrology/|title=Everything You Need to Know About Earth Signs|last=Stardust|first=Lisa|date=September 5, 2023|website=[[Cosmopolitan (magazine)|Cosmopolitan]]|access-date=December 1, 2023}}</ref> a [[Negative sign (astrology)|negative sign]],{{sfn|Mayo|1979|pp=38–41}}{{sfn|Ciubotaru|2008}} asin saro sa apat na a [[Cardinal sign (astrology)|cardinal signs]]. An Capricorn sarong [[Domicile (astrology)|ruled]] nin planetang [[Planets in astrology|Saturn]] asin an kabaliktaran na senyal iyo an [[Cancer]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.yogajournal.com/lifestyle/astrology/opposite-zodiac-sign/|title=What Your Opposite Sign Zodiac Sign Means In Astrology|last=Maree|first=Jordane|date=November 16, 2023|website=Yoga Journal|access-date=May 24, 2024}}</ref> ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} {{stub}} 6w3r604ke3hfpy6yqifue9sux9nkk4v 0 53072 290409 290253 2025-07-02T05:51:05Z Derk29 17433 #WPWP #WPWPPH 290409 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ladawan:Cancer (Annotated) (cancer-ann).jpg|thumb|Canser (Annotated) (cancer-ann)]] An '''Cancer''' iyo an saro sa kagduwang [[konstelasyon]] kan [[sodyak]] asin namumugtak sa [[Amihanan na langitnon na emisperyo]]. An saiyang ngaran iyo an [[Latin]] para sa [[kasag]] asin komun iyan na pigrepresentar nin siring kaidto. An Cancer sarong katamtaman na sukol na konstelasyon na igwang rona nin 506 [[Square degree|square degrees]] asin an saiyang mga bitoon mga malumlom, an saiyang pinakamakintab na bitoon [[Beta Cancri]] na igwang [[apparent magnitude]] nin 3.5. Igwa iyan nin sampulong bitoon na igwang midbid na mga [[Eksoplaneta|planeta]], kabali an [[55 Cancri]], na igwang lima: sarong [[super-Kinaban]] asin apat na [[Gas giant|gas giants]], an saro kaiyan yaon sa [[habitable zone]] asin kun siring an linalaoman na temperatura kaagid sa Kinaban. Sa (angular) heart kaining sektor kan satong langitnon na sphere iyo an [[Beehive Cluster|Praesepe]] (Messier 44), saro sa pinakaharaning [[Open cluster|open clusters]] sa Kinaban asin sarong popular na target kan mga amateur na astronomo. ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} {{stub}} 420rvmm29z7dhkry5tb75hizheve7az 0 53085 290435 290299 2025-07-02T11:26:05Z InternetArchiveBot 17127 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 290435 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox organization | name = International Astronomical Union (IAU)<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://uia.org/s/or/en/1100060853 |url-access= |title=International Astronomical Union (IAU) |author1=Staff writer |year=2024 |department=UIA Global Civil Society Database |website=uia.org |publisher=[[Union of International Associations]] |agency=Yearbook of International Organizations Online |location=Brussels, Belgium |format= |arxiv= |asin= |bibcode= |doi= |isbn= |issn= |jfm= |jstor= |lccn= |mr= |oclc= |ol= |osti= |pmc= |pmid= |rfc= |ssrn= |zbl= |id= |access-date=16 January 2025 |url-status= |archive-url= |archive-date= |via= |quote= |trans-quote= }}</ref> | native_name = ''Union astronomique internationale (UAI)'' | native_name_lang = fr | image = IAU logo.svg | size = 150px | map = Members of International Astronomical Union.svg | map_size = 300px | map_caption = National members from 85 countries as of May 2023 <div style="padding-left:7.0em;text-align:left;font-size:100%;">{{legend|#4daf4a|Member states}}{{legend|#a6d96a|States with interim status}}{{legend|#377eb8|Observer states}}{{legend|#f781bf|Suspended states}}</div> | abbreviation = IAU/UAI | formation = {{start date and age|1919|7|28|df=y}} | founding_location = [[Brussels]], [[Belgium]] | extinction = | type = [[International non-governmental organization|INGO]] | headquarters = [[Paris]], [[France]] | region_served = [[World]]wide | membership = {{nowrap|85 national members}}<ref name="National Members" /><br />{{nowrap|13,119 individual members}}<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.iau.org/Iau/Iau/Membership/Individual-and-Junior-Members.aspx| title = Individual and Junior Members}}</ref> | leader_title = {{nowrap|[[President (corporate title)|President]]}} | leader_name = {{Flagicon|Switzerland}} [[Willy Benz]] | leader_title2 = {{nowrap|[[Secretary (title)#General secretary|General Secretary]]}} | leader_name2 = {{Flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Diana Mary Worrall]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Executive Committee |url=https://www.iau.org/administration/executive_bodies/executive_committee/ |website=IAU |access-date=1 January 2025 |archive-date=2 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240302030136/https://iau.org/administration/executive_bodies/executive_committee/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> | website = {{URL|https://www.iau.org/|IAU.org}} }} An '''International Astronomical Union''' ('''IAU'''; Pranses: ''Union astronomique internationale'', '''UAI''') iyo an sarong [[international non-governmental organization]] (INGO) na igwang obheto nin pagpaurog sa [[astronomiya]] sa gabos na aspeto, kabali an pagbusol sa pagsaligsig astronomiko, outreach, edukasyon, asin pagpaurog sa paagi kan kooperasyon na pangglobo. Minukna iyan kaidtong Hulyo 28, 1919 sa [[Brussels]], [[Belgium]] asin nakabase sa [[Paris]], [[France]]. ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} {{stub}} plkjqflbabz3l4ojaigngypk0b08wzv 0 53097 290348 2025-07-01T14:11:58Z Ringer 55 Pinagmukna an pahina kaining "{{Expand language|topic=|langcode=pl|otherarticle=Stanisław Kunicki (działacz robotniczy)|date=January 2025}} [[File:Stanislaw Kunicki.jpg|thumb]] Si '''Stanisław Kunicki''' (6 Hunyo 1861 – 28 Enero 1886) sarong Polakong rebolusyunaryo. Si Kunicki namundag sa nobilidad msa ama niyang Polako asiun inang [[Georgians|Georgian]].<ref>Blit, Lucjan (1971), ''The Origins of Polish Socialism: The History and Ideas of the First Polish Socialist Party 1878–1886..." 290348 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Expand language|topic=|langcode=pl|otherarticle=Stanisław Kunicki (działacz robotniczy)|date=January 2025}} [[File:Stanislaw Kunicki.jpg|thumb]] Si '''Stanisław Kunicki''' (6 Hunyo 1861 – 28 Enero 1886) sarong Polakong rebolusyunaryo. Si Kunicki namundag sa nobilidad msa ama niyang Polako asiun inang [[Georgians|Georgian]].<ref>Blit, Lucjan (1971), ''The Origins of Polish Socialism: The History and Ideas of the First Polish Socialist Party 1878–1886'', p. 106. [[Cambridge University Press]], {{ISBN|0-521-08192-0}}.</ref> kan 8 Hunyo 1861. Durante kan estudyante siya sa [[St. Petersburg]] siya nagbali sa Polish St. Petersburg Social Revolutionary Party, na saro ini sa grupong nagkasarao kan 1883 sa pagbilog kan [[Proletariat (party)#First Proletariat|First Proletariat]] na partido. Si Kunicki nagin myembro kan ko9mite sewntral kan partidong ini. Si Kunicki nagpartisipar man sa partidong [[People's Will]] na nagtotolod kan pagka'uruyon sa pag'ultan kaini asin kan inapod na First Proletariat. Si Kunicki inaresto kan 28 Hunyo 1884 asion nasentensyahan nin kagadananan. Siya binitay kan 28 Enero 1886 sa [[Warsaw Citadel]]. ==Toltolan== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kunicki, Stanislaw}} [[Kategorya:Mga 1861 na kamundagan]] [[Kategorya:Mga 1886 na kagadanan]] [[Kategorya:Mga Polakong mga rebulosyunaryo]] [[Kategorya:Mga pig'ehekutar na mga rebulosyunaryo]] [[Kategorya:Mga Polakong pig'ehekutar kan Imperyong Ruso]] [[Kategorya:Mga Polakong may dugong Georgiano]] [[Kategorya:Mga Politikong gikan SA Tbilisi]] {{Poland-bio-stub}} {{worker-activist-stub}} necwhf2zu4e2xt3a76oodoidvaqpgcl 0 53098 290349 2025-07-01T14:27:47Z Ringer 55 Pinagmukna an pahina kaining "{{Infobox officeholder | image = Elena Ceausescu portrait.jpg | caption = Portrait of Elena {{circa}} 1940–50s | office = [[Deputy Prime Minister of Romania|First Deputy Prime Minister of Romania]] | president = [[Nicolae Ceaușescu]] | primeminister = [[Ilie Verdeț]]<br />[[Constantin Dăscălescu]] | term_start = 29 March 1980 | term_end = 22 December 1989 | predecessor = G..." 290349 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | image = Elena Ceausescu portrait.jpg | caption = Portrait of Elena {{circa}} 1940–50s | office = [[Deputy Prime Minister of Romania|First Deputy Prime Minister of Romania]] | president = [[Nicolae Ceaușescu]] | primeminister = [[Ilie Verdeț]]<br />[[Constantin Dăscălescu]] | term_start = 29 March 1980 | term_end = 22 December 1989 | predecessor = Gheorghe Oprea | successor = [[Mihai Drăgănescu]] | office2 = President of the Council of National Science and Technology | primeminister2 = [[Ilie Verdeț]]<br />[[Constantin Dăscălescu]] | term_start2 = 8 April 1980 | term_end2 = 22 December 1989 | predecessor2 = Ioan Ursu | successor2 = ''Office abolished'' | office3 = [[First Lady of Romania]]<ref>Szoczi, Árpád (2013). [https://books.google.com/books?id=8GFXhexZLJ4C&dq=First+Lady+of+Romania+Elena+Ceau%C8%99escu&pg=PA364 "Timisoara: The Real Story Behind the Romanian Revolution"]. iUniverse. {{ISBN|978-1-4759-5874-4}}</ref> | term_label3 = In role | term_start3 = 28 March 1974 | term_end3 = 22 December 1989 | president3 = [[Nicolae Ceaușescu]] | predecessor3 = ''Position established'' | successor3 = [[Nina Iliescu]] | party = [[Romanian Communist Party]] | birth_name = Lenuța Petrescu | birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1916|1|7}} | birth_place = [[Petrești, Dâmbovița|Petrești]], [[Dâmbovița County]], Romania | death_date = {{nowrap|{{death date and age|df=yes|1989|12|25|1916|1|7}}}} | death_place = [[Târgoviște]], [[Dâmbovița County]], Romania | death_cause = [[Trial and execution of Nicolae and Elena Ceaușescu|Execution by firing squad]] | spouse = {{Marriage|[[Nicolae Ceaușescu]]|1945}} | children = {{hlist|[[Valentin Ceaușescu|Valentin]]|[[Zoia Ceaușescu|Zoia]]|[[Nicu Ceaușescu|Nicu]]}} | resting_place = [[Ghencea Cemetery]], [[Bucharest]] | module = '''Criminal conviction''' {{Infobox criminal | child = yes | conviction = [[Genocide]] | trial = Trial and execution of Nicolae and Elena Ceaușescu | conviction_penalty = [[Capital punishment in Romania|Death]] | victims = Romanian [[dissident]]s }} | footnotes = }} sI '''Elena Ceaușescu''' ({{IPA|ro|eˈlena tʃe̯a.uˈʃesku}}; NAMUNDAG '''Lenuța Petrescu'''; 7 Enero 1916<ref>{{cite web| title=Fond C.C. Al P.C.R. –Cabinetul 2 – Elena Ceauşescu Inventar Anii extremi: 1984–1989 Nr. u.a.: 180| url=http://arhivelenationale.ro/site/download/inventare/Comitetul-Central-al-Partidului-Comunist-Roman.-Cabinetul-2.-ElenaCeausescu.-1984-1989.-Inv.-2800.pdf| website=Arhivele Naționale (National Archives of Romania)|access-date=8 April 2018|language=ro}}</ref> – 25 Desyembre 1989) sarong Romanyanong [[komunista]]ng politiko na agom ni [[Nicolae Ceaușescu]]Sekretaryo]] kan [[Romanian Communist Party]] asin lieer [[Socialist Republic of Romania]]. Siya man an [[Deputy Prime Minister nin Romania]]. Kan pumutok an [[Rebvolusyon Romanyano]] in 1989, siya pig'ehekutar kaibva an saiyang agom kan 25 Desyembre. =Toltolan== {{refl;ist}} [][Kategporya:. j12kyv0fzkeqt8u6eeeiflm98yd4cgy 290350 290349 2025-07-01T14:29:14Z Ringer 55 /* Toltolan= */ 290350 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | image = Elena Ceausescu portrait.jpg | caption = Portrait of Elena {{circa}} 1940–50s | office = [[Deputy Prime Minister of Romania|First Deputy Prime Minister of Romania]] | president = [[Nicolae Ceaușescu]] | primeminister = [[Ilie Verdeț]]<br />[[Constantin Dăscălescu]] | term_start = 29 March 1980 | term_end = 22 December 1989 | predecessor = Gheorghe Oprea | successor = [[Mihai Drăgănescu]] | office2 = President of the Council of National Science and Technology | primeminister2 = [[Ilie Verdeț]]<br />[[Constantin Dăscălescu]] | term_start2 = 8 April 1980 | term_end2 = 22 December 1989 | predecessor2 = Ioan Ursu | successor2 = ''Office abolished'' | office3 = [[First Lady of Romania]]<ref>Szoczi, Árpád (2013). [https://books.google.com/books?id=8GFXhexZLJ4C&dq=First+Lady+of+Romania+Elena+Ceau%C8%99escu&pg=PA364 "Timisoara: The Real Story Behind the Romanian Revolution"]. iUniverse. {{ISBN|978-1-4759-5874-4}}</ref> | term_label3 = In role | term_start3 = 28 March 1974 | term_end3 = 22 December 1989 | president3 = [[Nicolae Ceaușescu]] | predecessor3 = ''Position established'' | successor3 = [[Nina Iliescu]] | party = [[Romanian Communist Party]] | birth_name = Lenuța Petrescu | birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1916|1|7}} | birth_place = [[Petrești, Dâmbovița|Petrești]], [[Dâmbovița County]], Romania | death_date = {{nowrap|{{death date and age|df=yes|1989|12|25|1916|1|7}}}} | death_place = [[Târgoviște]], [[Dâmbovița County]], Romania | death_cause = [[Trial and execution of Nicolae and Elena Ceaușescu|Execution by firing squad]] | spouse = {{Marriage|[[Nicolae Ceaușescu]]|1945}} | children = {{hlist|[[Valentin Ceaușescu|Valentin]]|[[Zoia Ceaușescu|Zoia]]|[[Nicu Ceaușescu|Nicu]]}} | resting_place = [[Ghencea Cemetery]], [[Bucharest]] | module = '''Criminal conviction''' {{Infobox criminal | child = yes | conviction = [[Genocide]] | trial = Trial and execution of Nicolae and Elena Ceaușescu | conviction_penalty = [[Capital punishment in Romania|Death]] | victims = Romanian [[dissident]]s }} | footnotes = }} sI '''Elena Ceaușescu''' ({{IPA|ro|eˈlena tʃe̯a.uˈʃesku}}; NAMUNDAG '''Lenuța Petrescu'''; 7 Enero 1916<ref>{{cite web| title=Fond C.C. Al P.C.R. –Cabinetul 2 – Elena Ceauşescu Inventar Anii extremi: 1984–1989 Nr. u.a.: 180| url=http://arhivelenationale.ro/site/download/inventare/Comitetul-Central-al-Partidului-Comunist-Roman.-Cabinetul-2.-ElenaCeausescu.-1984-1989.-Inv.-2800.pdf| website=Arhivele Naționale (National Archives of Romania)|access-date=8 April 2018|language=ro}}</ref> – 25 Desyembre 1989) sarong Romanyanong [[komunista]]ng politiko na agom ni [[Nicolae Ceaușescu]]Sekretaryo]] kan [[Romanian Communist Party]] asin lieer [[Socialist Republic of Romania]]. Siya man an [[Deputy Prime Minister nin Romania]]. Kan pumutok an [[Rebvolusyon Romanyano]] in 1989, siya pig'ehekutar kaibva an saiyang agom kan 25 Desyembre. ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} [][Kategorya:. k80b4z6d4cmree3kgbz5x33bngyo2ka 290351 290350 2025-07-01T14:33:55Z Ringer 55 290351 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | image = Elena Ceausescu portrait.jpg | caption = Portrait of Elena {{circa}} 1940–50s | office = [[Deputy Prime Minister of Romania|First Deputy Prime Minister of Romania]] | president = [[Nicolae Ceaușescu]] | primeminister = [[Ilie Verdeț]]<br />[[Constantin Dăscălescu]] | term_start = 29 March 1980 | term_end = 22 December 1989 | predecessor = Gheorghe Oprea | successor = [[Mihai Drăgănescu]] | office2 = President of the Council of National Science and Technology | primeminister2 = [[Ilie Verdeț]]<br />[[Constantin Dăscălescu]] | term_start2 = 8 April 1980 | term_end2 = 22 December 1989 | predecessor2 = Ioan Ursu | successor2 = ''Office abolished'' | office3 = [[First Lady of Romania]]<ref>Szoczi, Árpád (2013). [https://books.google.com/books?id=8GFXhexZLJ4C&dq=First+Lady+of+Romania+Elena+Ceau%C8%99escu&pg=PA364 "Timisoara: The Real Story Behind the Romanian Revolution"]. iUniverse. {{ISBN|978-1-4759-5874-4}}</ref> | term_label3 = In role | term_start3 = 28 March 1974 | term_end3 = 22 December 1989 | president3 = [[Nicolae Ceaușescu]] | predecessor3 = ''Position established'' | successor3 = [[Nina Iliescu]] | party = [[Romanian Communist Party]] | birth_name = Lenuța Petrescu | birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1916|1|7}} | birth_place = [[Petrești, Dâmbovița|Petrești]], [[Dâmbovița County]], Romania | death_date = {{nowrap|{{death date and age|df=yes|1989|12|25|1916|1|7}}}} | death_place = [[Târgoviște]], [[Dâmbovița County]], Romania | death_cause = [[Trial and execution of Nicolae and Elena Ceaușescu|Execution by firing squad]] | spouse = {{Marriage|[[Nicolae Ceaușescu]]|1945}} | children = {{hlist|[[Valentin Ceaușescu|Valentin]]|[[Zoia Ceaușescu|Zoia]]|[[Nicu Ceaușescu|Nicu]]}} | resting_place = [[Ghencea Cemetery]], [[Bucharest]] | module = '''Criminal conviction''' {{Infobox criminal | child = yes | conviction = [[Genocide]] | trial = Trial and execution of Nicolae and Elena Ceaușescu | conviction_penalty = [[Capital punishment in Romania|Death]] | victims = Romanian [[dissident]]s }} | footnotes = }} sI '''Elena Ceaușescu''' ({{IPA|ro|eˈlena tʃe̯a.uˈʃesku}}; NAMUNDAG '''Lenuța Petrescu'''; 7 Enero 1916<ref>{{cite web| title=Fond C.C. Al P.C.R. –Cabinetul 2 – Elena Ceauşescu Inventar Anii extremi: 1984–1989 Nr. u.a.: 180| url=http://arhivelenationale.ro/site/download/inventare/Comitetul-Central-al-Partidului-Comunist-Roman.-Cabinetul-2.-ElenaCeausescu.-1984-1989.-Inv.-2800.pdf| website=Arhivele Naționale (National Archives of Romania)|access-date=8 April 2018|language=ro}}</ref> – 25 Desyembre 1989) sarong Romanyanong [[komunista]]ng politiko na agom ni [[Nicolae Ceaușescu]]Sekretaryo]] kan [[Romanian Communist Party]] asin lieer [[Socialist Republic of Romania]]. Siya man an [[Deputy Prime Minister nin Romania]]. Kan pumutok an [[Rebvolusyon Romanyano]] in 1989, siya pig'ehekutar kaibva an saiyang agom kan 25 Desyembre. ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} [][Kategorya:Mga 1916 na kamundagan]] [[Kategorya:Mga 1989 na kagadanan]] [[Kategorya:Mga Ika-20ng siglong mga pag'ehekutar sa Romania]] [[Kategorya:Mga politiko sa Romanian Communist Party]] [[Kategorya:Mga Ika-20ng siglong mga babaeng Romanyanong politiko]]]] 7k6px82j8uenm2px5t8737y4utayoac 290353 290351 2025-07-01T14:35:44Z Ringer 55 290353 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | image = Elena Ceausescu portrait.jpg | caption = Portrait of Elena {{circa}} 1940–50s | office = [[Deputy Prime Minister of Romania|First Deputy Prime Minister of Romania]] | president = [[Nicolae Ceaușescu]] | primeminister = [[Ilie Verdeț]]<br />[[Constantin Dăscălescu]] | term_start = 29 March 1980 | term_end = 22 December 1989 | predecessor = Gheorghe Oprea | successor = [[Mihai Drăgănescu]] | office2 = President of the Council of National Science and Technology | primeminister2 = [[Ilie Verdeț]]<br />[[Constantin Dăscălescu]] | term_start2 = 8 April 1980 | term_end2 = 22 December 1989 | predecessor2 = Ioan Ursu | successor2 = ''Office abolished'' | office3 = [[First Lady of Romania]]<ref>Szoczi, Árpád (2013). [https://books.google.com/books?id=8GFXhexZLJ4C&dq=First+Lady+of+Romania+Elena+Ceau%C8%99escu&pg=PA364 "Timisoara: The Real Story Behind the Romanian Revolution"]. iUniverse. {{ISBN|978-1-4759-5874-4}}</ref> | term_label3 = In role | term_start3 = 28 March 1974 | term_end3 = 22 December 1989 | president3 = [[Nicolae Ceaușescu]] | predecessor3 = ''Position established'' | successor3 = [[Nina Iliescu]] | party = [[Romanian Communist Party]] | birth_name = Lenuța Petrescu | birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1916|1|7}} | birth_place = [[Petrești, Dâmbovița|Petrești]], [[Dâmbovița County]], Romania | death_date = {{nowrap|{{death date and age|df=yes|1989|12|25|1916|1|7}}}} | death_place = [[Târgoviște]], [[Dâmbovița County]], Romania | death_cause = [[Trial and execution of Nicolae and Elena Ceaușescu|Execution by firing squad]] | spouse = {{Marriage|[[Nicolae Ceaușescu]]|1945}} | children = {{hlist|[[Valentin Ceaușescu|Valentin]]|[[Zoia Ceaușescu|Zoia]]|[[Nicu Ceaușescu|Nicu]]}} | resting_place = [[Ghencea Cemetery]], [[Bucharest]] | module = '''Criminal conviction''' {{Infobox criminal | child = yes | conviction = [[Genocide]] | trial = Trial and execution of Nicolae and Elena Ceaușescu | conviction_penalty = [[Capital punishment in Romania|Death]] | victims = Romanian [[dissident]]s }} | footnotes = }} Si '''Elena Ceaușescu''' ({{IPA|ro|eˈlena tʃe̯a.uˈʃesku}}; NAMUNDAG '''Lenuța Petrescu'''; 7 Enero 1916<ref>{{cite web| title=Fond C.C. Al P.C.R. –Cabinetul 2 – Elena Ceauşescu Inventar Anii extremi: 1984–1989 Nr. u.a.: 180| url=http://arhivelenationale.ro/site/download/inventare/Comitetul-Central-al-Partidului-Comunist-Roman.-Cabinetul-2.-ElenaCeausescu.-1984-1989.-Inv.-2800.pdf| website=Arhivele Naționale (National Archives of Romania)|access-date=8 April 2018|language=ro}}</ref> – 25 Desyembre 1989) sarong Romanyanong [[komunista]]ng politiko na agom ni [[Nicolae Ceaușescu]]Sekretaryo]] kan [[Romanian Communist Party]] asin lider kan [[Socialist Republic of Romania]]. Siya man an [[Deputy Prime Minister nin Romania]]. Kan pumutok an [[Rebvolusyon Romanyano]] in 1989, siya pig'ehekutar kaibva an saiyang agom kan 25 Desyembre. ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} [][Kategorya:Mga 1916 na kamundagan]] [[Kategorya:Mga 1989 na kagadanan]] [[Kategorya:Mga Ika-20ng siglong mga pag'ehekutar sa Romania]] [[Kategorya:Mga politiko sa Romanian Communist Party]] [[Kategorya:Mga Ika-20ng siglong mga babaeng Romanyanong politiko]]]] 1e4gjlj7ctxlm3dac64zpldsfwypd9c 290354 290353 2025-07-01T14:36:42Z Ringer 55 290354 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | image = Elena Ceausescu portrait.jpg | caption = Portrait of Elena {{circa}} 1940–50s | office = [[Deputy Prime Minister of Romania|First Deputy Prime Minister of Romania]] | president = [[Nicolae Ceaușescu]] | primeminister = [[Ilie Verdeț]]<br />[[Constantin Dăscălescu]] | term_start = 29 March 1980 | term_end = 22 December 1989 | predecessor = Gheorghe Oprea | successor = [[Mihai Drăgănescu]] | office2 = President of the Council of National Science and Technology | primeminister2 = [[Ilie Verdeț]]<br />[[Constantin Dăscălescu]] | term_start2 = 8 April 1980 | term_end2 = 22 December 1989 | predecessor2 = Ioan Ursu | successor2 = ''Office abolished'' | office3 = [[First Lady of Romania]]<ref>Szoczi, Árpád (2013). [https://books.google.com/books?id=8GFXhexZLJ4C&dq=First+Lady+of+Romania+Elena+Ceau%C8%99escu&pg=PA364 "Timisoara: The Real Story Behind the Romanian Revolution"]. iUniverse. {{ISBN|978-1-4759-5874-4}}</ref> | term_label3 = In role | term_start3 = 28 March 1974 | term_end3 = 22 December 1989 | president3 = [[Nicolae Ceaușescu]] | predecessor3 = ''Position established'' | successor3 = [[Nina Iliescu]] | party = [[Romanian Communist Party]] | birth_name = Lenuța Petrescu | birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1916|1|7}} | birth_place = [[Petrești, Dâmbovița|Petrești]], [[Dâmbovița County]], Romania | death_date = {{nowrap|{{death date and age|df=yes|1989|12|25|1916|1|7}}}} | death_place = [[Târgoviște]], [[Dâmbovița County]], Romania | death_cause = [[Trial and execution of Nicolae and Elena Ceaușescu|Execution by firing squad]] | spouse = {{Marriage|[[Nicolae Ceaușescu]]|1945}} | children = {{hlist|[[Valentin Ceaușescu|Valentin]]|[[Zoia Ceaușescu|Zoia]]|[[Nicu Ceaușescu|Nicu]]}} | resting_place = [[Ghencea Cemetery]], [[Bucharest]] | module = '''Criminal conviction''' {{Infobox criminal | child = yes | conviction = [[Genocide]] | trial = Trial and execution of Nicolae and Elena Ceaușescu | conviction_penalty = [[Capital punishment in Romania|Death]] | victims = Romanian [[dissident]]s }} | footnotes = }} Si '''Elena Ceaușescu''' ({{IPA|ro|eˈlena tʃe̯a.uˈʃesku}}; NAMUNDAG '''Lenuța Petrescu'''; 7 Enero 1916<ref>{{cite web| title=Fond C.C. Al P.C.R. –Cabinetul 2 – Elena Ceauşescu Inventar Anii extremi: 1984–1989 Nr. u.a.: 180| url=http://arhivelenationale.ro/site/download/inventare/Comitetul-Central-al-Partidului-Comunist-Roman.-Cabinetul-2.-ElenaCeausescu.-1984-1989.-Inv.-2800.pdf| website=Arhivele Naționale (National Archives of Romania)|access-date=8 April 2018|language=ro}}</ref> – 25 Desyembre 1989) sarong Romanyanong [[komunista]]ng politiko na agom ni [[Nicolae Ceaușescu]]Sekretaryo]] kan [[Romanian Communist Party]] asin lider kan [[Socialist Republic of Romania]]. Siya man an [[Deputy Prime Minister nin Romania]]. Kan pumutok an [[Rebvolusyon Romanyano]] kan 1989, siya pig'ehekutar kaiba an saiyang agom kan 25 Desyembre. ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} [][Kategorya:Mga 1916 na kamundagan]] [[Kategorya:Mga 1989 na kagadanan]] [[Kategorya:Mga Ika-20ng siglong mga pag'ehekutar sa Romania]] [[Kategorya:Mga politiko sa Romanian Communist Party]] [[Kategorya:Mga Ika-20ng siglong mga babaeng Romanyanong politiko]]]] 119o3b27ftfxtt6v402lp6ysvx0eoaw 290379 290354 2025-07-01T22:31:16Z Ringer 55 290379 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | image = Elena Ceausescu portrait.jpg | caption = Portrait of Elena {{circa}} 1940–50s | office = [[Deputy Prime Minister of Romania|First Deputy Prime Minister of Romania]] | president = [[Nicolae Ceaușescu]] | primeminister = [[Ilie Verdeț]]<br />[[Constantin Dăscălescu]] | term_start = 29 March 1980 | term_end = 22 December 1989 | predecessor = Gheorghe Oprea | successor = [[Mihai Drăgănescu]] | office2 = President of the Council of National Science and Technology | primeminister2 = [[Ilie Verdeț]]<br />[[Constantin Dăscălescu]] | term_start2 = 8 April 1980 | term_end2 = 22 December 1989 | predecessor2 = Ioan Ursu | successor2 = ''Office abolished'' | office3 = [[First Lady of Romania]]<ref>Szoczi, Árpád (2013). [https://books.google.com/books?id=8GFXhexZLJ4C&dq=First+Lady+of+Romania+Elena+Ceau%C8%99escu&pg=PA364 "Timisoara: The Real Story Behind the Romanian Revolution"]. iUniverse. {{ISBN|978-1-4759-5874-4}}</ref> | term_label3 = In role | term_start3 = 28 March 1974 | term_end3 = 22 December 1989 | president3 = [[Nicolae Ceaușescu]] | predecessor3 = ''Position established'' | successor3 = [[Nina Iliescu]] | party = [[Romanian Communist Party]] | birth_name = Lenuța Petrescu | birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1916|1|7}} | birth_place = [[Petrești, Dâmbovița|Petrești]], [[Dâmbovița County]], Romania | death_date = {{nowrap|{{death date and age|df=yes|1989|12|25|1916|1|7}}}} | death_place = [[Târgoviște]], [[Dâmbovița County]], Romania | death_cause = [[Trial and execution of Nicolae and Elena Ceaușescu|Execution by firing squad]] | spouse = {{Marriage|[[Nicolae Ceaușescu]]|1945}} | children = {{hlist|[[Valentin Ceaușescu|Valentin]]|[[Zoia Ceaușescu|Zoia]]|[[Nicu Ceaușescu|Nicu]]}} | resting_place = [[Ghencea Cemetery]], [[Bucharest]] | module = '''Criminal conviction''' {{Infobox criminal | child = yes | conviction = [[Genocide]] | trial = Trial and execution of Nicolae and Elena Ceaușescu | conviction_penalty = [[Capital punishment in Romania|Death]] | victims = Romanian [[dissident]]s }} | footnotes = }} Si '''Elena Ceaușescu''' ({{IPA|ro|eˈlena tʃe̯a.uˈʃesku}}; NAMUNDAG '''Lenuța Petrescu'''; 7 Enero 1916<ref>{{cite web| title=Fond C.C. Al P.C.R. –Cabinetul 2 – Elena Ceauşescu Inventar Anii extremi: 1984–1989 Nr. u.a.: 180| url=http://arhivelenationale.ro/site/download/inventare/Comitetul-Central-al-Partidului-Comunist-Roman.-Cabinetul-2.-ElenaCeausescu.-1984-1989.-Inv.-2800.pdf| website=Arhivele Naționale (National Archives of Romania)|access-date=8 April 2018|language=ro}}</ref> – 25 Desyembre 1989) sarong Romanyanong [[komunista]]ng politiko na agom ni [[Nicolae Ceaușescu]] Sekretaryo Heneral kan [[Romanian Communist Party]] asin lider kan [[Socialist Republic of Romania]]. Siya man an [[Deputy Prime Minister nin Romania]]. Kan pumutok an [[Rebvolusyon Romanyano]] kan 1989, siya pig'ehekutar kaiba an saiyang agom kan 25 Desyembre. ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} [][Kategorya:Mga 1916 na kamundagan]] [[Kategorya:Mga 1989 na kagadanan]] [[Kategorya:Mga Ika-20ng siglong mga pag'ehekutar sa Romania]] [[Kategorya:Mga politiko sa Romanian Communist Party]] [[Kategorya:Mga Ika-20ng siglong mga babaeng Romanyanong politiko]]]] jzh4wyolnnnjqnx1595x4vezv0lkxi3 290390 290379 2025-07-02T00:34:32Z Ringer 55 290390 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | image = Elena Ceausescu portrait.jpg | caption = Retrato ni Elena {{circa}} 1940–50s | office = [[Deputy Prime Minister of Romania|First Deputy Primer Ministro nin Rumanya]] | president = [[Nicolae Ceaușescu]] | primeminister = [[Ilie Verdeț]]<br />[[Constantin Dăscălescu]] | term_start = 29 Marso 1980 | term_end = 22 Desyembre 1989 | predecessor = Gheorghe Oprea | successor = [[Mihai Drăgănescu]] | office2 = President of the Council of National Science and Technology | primeminister2 = [[Ilie Verdeț]]<br />[[Constantin Dăscălescu]] | term_start2 = 8 Abril 1980 | term_end2 = 22 Desyembre 1989 | predecessor2 = Ioan Ursu | successor2 = ''Office abolished'' | office3 = [[First Lady of Romania]]<ref>Szoczi, Árpád (2013). [https://books.google.com/books?id=8GFXhexZLJ4C&dq=First+Lady+of+Romania+Elena+Ceau%C8%99escu&pg=PA364 "Timisoara: The Real Story Behind the Romanian Revolution"]. iUniverse. {{ISBN|978-1-4759-5874-4}}</ref> | term_label3 = In role | term_start3 = 28 Marso 1974 | term_end3 = 22 Desyembre 1989 | president3 = [[Nicolae Ceaușescu]] | predecessor3 = ''Position established'' | successor3 = [[Nina Iliescu]] | party = [[Romanian Communist Party]] | birth_name = Lenuța Petrescu | birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1916|1|7}} | birth_place = [[Petrești, Dâmbovița|Petrești]], [[Dâmbovița County]], Romania | death_date = {{nowrap|{{death date and age|df=yes|1989|12|25|1916|1|7}}}} | death_place = [[Târgoviște]], [[Dâmbovița County]], Romania | death_cause = [[Trial and execution of Nicolae and Elena Ceaușescu|Execution by firing squad]] | spouse = {{Marriage|[[Nicolae Ceaușescu]]|1945}} | children = {{hlist|[[Valentin Ceaușescu|Valentin]]|[[Zoia Ceaușescu|Zoia]]|[[Nicu Ceaușescu|Nicu]]}} | resting_place = [[Ghencea Cemetery]], [[Bucharest]] | module = '''Criminal conviction''' {{Infobox criminal | child = yes | conviction = [[Genocide]] | trial = Trial and execution of Nicolae and Elena Ceaușescu | conviction_penalty = [[Capital punishment in Romania|Death]] | victims = Romanian [[dissident]]s }} | footnotes = }} Si '''Elena Ceaușescu''' ({{IPA|ro|eˈlena tʃe̯a.uˈʃesku}}; NAMUNDAG '''Lenuța Petrescu'''; 7 Enero 1916<ref>{{cite web| title=Fond C.C. Al P.C.R. –Cabinetul 2 – Elena Ceauşescu Inventar Anii extremi: 1984–1989 Nr. u.a.: 180| url=http://arhivelenationale.ro/site/download/inventare/Comitetul-Central-al-Partidului-Comunist-Roman.-Cabinetul-2.-ElenaCeausescu.-1984-1989.-Inv.-2800.pdf| website=Arhivele Naționale (National Archives of Romania)|access-date=8 April 2018|language=ro}}</ref> – 25 Desyembre 1989) sarong Romanyanong [[komunista]]ng politiko na agom ni [[Nicolae Ceaușescu]] Sekretaryo Heneral kan [[Romanian Communist Party]] asin lider kan [[Socialist Republic of Romania]]. Siya man an [[Deputy Prime Minister nin Romania]]. Kan pumutok an [[Rebvolusyon Romanyano]] kan 1989, siya pig'ehekutar kaiba an saiyang agom kan 25 Desyembre. ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} [][Kategorya:Mga 1916 na kamundagan]] [[Kategorya:Mga 1989 na kagadanan]] [[Kategorya:Mga Ika-20ng siglong mga pag'ehekutar sa Romania]] [[Kategorya:Mga politiko sa Romanian Communist Party]] [[Kategorya:Mga Ika-20ng siglong mga babaeng Romanyanong politiko]]]] 6dlb2j05pt5ot9bp467uovaww0auc1q 0 53099 290359 2025-07-01T17:13:10Z 2806:2F0:55C1:CC29:8C85:72C8:6316:8BEC Pinagmukna an pahina kaining "{{Automatic taxobox | fossil_range = {{fossilrange|Miocene|Present}} | image = PolyrhachisGracilior2.jpg | image_caption = ''[[Polyrhachis gracilior]]'' | taxon = Polyrhachis | authority = [[Frederick Smith (entomologist)|F. Smith]], 1857 | type_species = ''[[Polyrhachis bihamata|Formica bihamata]]'' | type_species_authority = | subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivision = *[[List of Polyrhachis species]] | diversity = 477 species | diversity_link = List of P..." 290359 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Automatic taxobox | fossil_range = {{fossilrange|Miocene|Present}} | image = PolyrhachisGracilior2.jpg | image_caption = ''[[Polyrhachis gracilior]]'' | taxon = Polyrhachis | authority = [[Frederick Smith (entomologist)|F. Smith]], 1857 | type_species = ''[[Polyrhachis bihamata|Formica bihamata]]'' | type_species_authority = | subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivision = *[[List of Polyrhachis species]] | diversity = 477 species | diversity_link = List of Polyrhachis species | diversity_ref = <ref name="AntCat">{{AntCat|429313|''Polyrhachis''|2014|accessdate=17 July 2014}}</ref> | synonyms = ''Cephalomyrma'' <small>Karavaiev, 1935</small><br /> ''Dolichorhachis'' <small>Mann, 1919</small><br /> ''Evelyna'' <small>Donisthorpe, 1937</small><br /> ''Florencea'' <small>Donisthorpe, 1937</small><br /> ''Irenea'' <small>Donisthorpe, 1938</small><br /> ''Johnia'' <small>Karavaiev, 1927</small><br /> ''Morleyidris'' <small>Donisthorpe, 1944</small> }} An '''''Polyrhachis''''' sarong genus nin mga [[tanga]] na manunumpungan sa [[Lumang Kinaban]] na igwang sobra sa 600 na species. An genus dai pa komprehensibong nareresolberan asin igwa nin kadakol na manlaen-laen na klase kabali an mga parahabol nin salag (halimbawa, ''Polyrhachis dives''), mga trabahador sa paglangoy (halimbawa, ''Polyrhachis sokolova''), daga (halimbawa, ''Polyrhachis proxima'') asin mga nag-eerok sa kahoy (halimbawa, ''Polyrhachis bicolor''). ==Piniling klase== * ''[[Polyrhachis ammon]]'' (NSW) *''[[Polyrhachis beccari]]'' * ''[[Polyrhachis bihamata]]'' * ''[[Polyrhachis bugnioni]]'' * ''[[Polyrhachis convexa]]'' * ''[[Polyrhachis curvispina]]'' * ''[[Polyrhachis cyaniventris]]'' * ''[[Polyrhachis dives]]'' * ''[[Polyrhachis exercita]]'' * ''[[Polyrhachis gibbosa]]'' * ''[[Polyrhachis gracilior]]'' * ''[[Polyrhachis hagiomyrma]]'' * ''[[Polyrhachis hippomanes]]'' * ''[[Polyrhachis horni]]'' * ''[[Polyrhachis illaudata]]'' * ''[[Polyrhachis jerdonii]]'' * ''[[Polyrhachis lamellidens]]'' * ''[[Polyrhachis nigra]]'' * ''[[Polyrhachis punctillata]]'' * ''[[Polyrhachis rastellata]]'' * ''[[Polyrhachis rupicapra]]'' * ''[[Polyrhachis scissa]]'' * ''[[Polyrhachis semiinermis]]'' * ''[[Polyrhachis sokolova]]'' * ''[[Polyrhachis sophocles]]'' * ''[[Polyrhachis thrinax]]'' * ''[[Polyrhachis tibialis]]'' * ''[[Polyrhachis xanthippe]]'' * ''[[Polyrhachis yerburyi]]'' ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} {{stub}} 5vwbum26ev4y8blb13adms8ot0l9qnt 0 53100 290362 2025-07-01T17:24:17Z 2806:2F0:55C1:CC29:8C85:72C8:6316:8BEC Pinagmukna an pahina kaining "{{Automatic taxobox |image = Gigantochloa albociliata - Jardin d'Éden.JPG |image_caption = ''[[Gigantochloa albociliata]]'' |display_parents = 3 |taxon = Gigantochloa |authority = [[Wilhelm Sulpiz Kurz|Kurz]] ex [[William Munro (botanist)|Munro]] |type_species_authority = (Hassk.) Kurz. |type_species = ''[[Gigantochloa atter]]'' <ref>lectotype designated by Holttum, Taxon 5: 28–30 (1956)</ref> }} An '''''Gigantochloa''''' sarong tropikal na Asyano asin..." 290362 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Automatic taxobox |image = Gigantochloa albociliata - Jardin d'Éden.JPG |image_caption = ''[[Gigantochloa albociliata]]'' |display_parents = 3 |taxon = Gigantochloa |authority = [[Wilhelm Sulpiz Kurz|Kurz]] ex [[William Munro (botanist)|Munro]] |type_species_authority = (Hassk.) Kurz. |type_species = ''[[Gigantochloa atter]]'' <ref>lectotype designated by Holttum, Taxon 5: 28–30 (1956)</ref> }} An '''''Gigantochloa''''' sarong tropikal na Asyano asin Papuasiano na genus kan mga higanteng nagkukumpol na [[kawayan]] sa pamilya nin [[doot]]. Makukua ini sa subangan na [[Tsina]], Sur-subangan na [[Asya]], sa subkontinente kan [[Indya]], asin [[New Guinea]]. ==Mga species== {{columns-list|colwidth=18em| # ''[[Gigantochloa achmadii]]'' # ''[[Gigantochloa albociliata]]'' # ''[[Gigantochloa albopilosa]]'' # ''[[Gigantochloa albovestita]]'' # ''[[Gigantochloa andamanica]]'' # ''[[Gigantochloa apus]]'' # ''[[Gigantochloa aspera]]'' # ''[[Gigantochloa atter]]'' # ''[[Gigantochloa atroviolacea]]'' # ''[[Gigantochloa aya]]'' # ''[[Gigantochloa baliana]]'' # ''[[Gigantochloa balui]]'' # ''[[Gigantochloa calcicola]]'' # ''[[Gigantochloa cochinchinensis]]''<ref>{{Cite journal |title=Status of bamboos in Binh Duong province, Vietnam: Distribution, species diversity, conservation and utilization |journal=Trees, Forests and People |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666719321000765 |last1=Vuong Thi |first1=Thuy |date=2021-09-03 |via=Elsevier Science Direct |last2=Nguyen Thi |first2=Huyen |doi=10.1016/j.tfp.2021.100137 |location=[[Ho Chi Minh City]], [[Vietnam]] |last3=Le |first3=Hoang Tu |last4=Nguyen |first4=Kim Loi|volume=6 |bibcode=2021TFP.....600137T |doi-access=free }}</ref> # ''[[Gigantochloa compressa]]'' # ''[[Gigantochloa densa]]'' # ''[[Gigantochloa dinhensis]]'' # ''[[Gigantochloa felix]]'' # ''[[Gigantochloa hasskarliana]]'' # ''[[Gigantochloa hayatae]]'' # ''[[Gigantochloa heteroclada]]'' # ''[[Gigantochloa hirtinoda]]'' # ''[[Gigantochloa holttumiana]]'' # ''[[Gigantochloa hosseusii]]'' # ''[[Gigantochloa kachinensis]]'' # ''[[Gigantochloa kathaensis]]'' # ''[[Gigantochloa kuring]]'' # ''[[Gigantochloa kurzii]]'' # ''[[Gigantochloa latifolia]]'' # ''[[Gigantochloa levis]]'' # ''[[Gigantochloa ligulata]]'' # ''[[Gigantochloa longiprophylla]]'' # ''[[Gigantochloa luteostriata]]'' # ''[[Gigantochloa macrostachya]]'' # ''[[Gigantochloa magentea]]'' # ''[[Gigantochloa manggong]]'' # ''[[Gigantochloa membranoidea]]'' # ''[[Gigantochloa mogaungensis]]'' # ''[[Gigantochloa multiculmis]]'' # ''[[Gigantochloa multifloscula]]'' <ref>[http://www.tropicos.org/Name/100383122 Tropicos]</ref> # ''[[Gigantochloa nigrociliata]]'' # ''[[Gigantochloa papyracea]]'' # ''[[Gigantochloa parviflora]]'' # ''[[Gigantochloa parvifolia]]'' # ''[[Gigantochloa poilanei]]'' # ''[[Gigantochloa pruriens]]'' # ''[[Gigantochloa pseudoarundinacea]]'' # ''[[Gigantochloa pubinervis]]'' # ''[[Gigantochloa pubipetiolata]]'' # ''[[Gigantochloa ridleyi]]'' # ''[[Gigantochloa robusta]]'' # ''[[Gigantochloa rostrata]]'' # ''[[Gigantochloa scortechinii]]'' # ''[[Gigantochloa scribneriana]]'' # ''[[Gigantochloa serik]]'' # ''[[Gigantochloa tekserah]]'' # ''[[Gigantochloa tenuispiculata]]'' # ''[[Gigantochloa thoi]]'' # ''[[Gigantochloa tomentosa]]'' # ''[[Gigantochloa toungooensis]]'' # ''[[Gigantochloa velutina]]'' # ''[[Gigantochloa verticillata]]'' # ''[[Gigantochloa vietnamica]]'' # ''[[Gigantochloa vinhphuica]]'' # ''[[Gigantochloa wallichiana]]'' # ''[[Gigantochloa wanet]]'' # ''[[Gigantochloa wrayi]]'' # ''[[Gigantochloa wunthoensis]]'' # ''[[Gigantochloa yunzalinensis]]'' }} ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} {{stub}} kmkmqfftbbnedxgrrpewlg57eeznhmi 0 53101 290363 2025-07-01T17:25:28Z 2806:2F0:55C1:CC29:8C85:72C8:6316:8BEC Piglilikay sa [[Poaceae]] 290363 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Poaceae]] a197mc2qwgy2u9g4wz9h2ffb30o8loj 0 53102 290368 2025-07-01T17:45:23Z 2806:2F0:55C1:CC29:8C85:72C8:6316:8BEC Pinagmukna an pahina kaining "{{Automatic taxobox |image = Philodendron giganteum - Laeken Royal Greenhouses - Royal Castle of Laeken - Brussels, Belgium - DSC07236.jpg |image_caption = ''[[Philodendron giganteum]]'', one of the largest ''Philodendron'' species |display_parents = 2 |taxon = Philodendron |authority = [[Heinrich Wilhelm Schott|Schott]]<ref name=POWO_326132-2/> |synonyms_ref = <ref name=POWO_326132-2>{{Cite POWO |title=''Philodendron'' Schott |id=326132-2 |access-date=2023-07..." 290368 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Automatic taxobox |image = Philodendron giganteum - Laeken Royal Greenhouses - Royal Castle of Laeken - Brussels, Belgium - DSC07236.jpg |image_caption = ''[[Philodendron giganteum]]'', one of the largest ''Philodendron'' species |display_parents = 2 |taxon = Philodendron |authority = [[Heinrich Wilhelm Schott|Schott]]<ref name=POWO_326132-2/> |synonyms_ref = <ref name=POWO_326132-2>{{Cite POWO |title=''Philodendron'' Schott |id=326132-2 |access-date=2023-07-18 |mode=cs1 }}</ref> |synonyms = *''Arosma'' <small>Raf.</small> *''Baursea'' <small>(Rchb.) Hoffmanns. ex Kuntze</small> *''Calostigma'' <small>Schott 1832</small>, not validly published *''Elopium'' <small>Schott</small> *''Meconostigma'' <small>Schott</small> *''Sphincterostigma'' <small>Schott</small> *''Telipodus'' <small>Raf.</small> }} An '''''Philodendron''''' sarong dakulang genus nin mga [[namumurak na tinanom]] sa pamilyang [[Araceae]]. Ano man an bilang kan mga species, an genus iyo an ikaduwang pinakadakulang miyembro kan pamilyang Araceae, sunod sa genus na ''[[Anthurium]]''. Sa taksonomiya, an genus na ''Philodendron'' dai pa gayong midbid, na igwa nin kadakol na dai pa nailadawan na mga species. Dakul an pigtatanom bilang ornamental asin panlaog na [[tinanom]]. An pangaran gikan sa mga tataramon na [[Tataramon na Griego|Griego]] na ''philo-'' 'pagkamoot, kapadangatan' asin ''dendron'' 'kahoy'. An generic na pangaran, parati ginagamit bilang Ingles na pangaran. ==Mga species== {{div col|colwidth=24em}} * ''[[Philodendron acutatum]]'' <small>Schott</small> * ''[[Philodendron alliodorum]]'' <small>Croat & Grayum</small> * ''[[Philodendron appendiculatum]]'' <small>Nadruz & Mayo</small> * ''[[Philodendron auriculatum]]'' <small>Standl. & L. O. Williams</small> * ''[[Philodendron balaoanum]]'' <small>Engl.</small> * ''[[Philodendron bipennifolium]]'' <small>Schott</small> * ''[[Philodendron carinatum]]'' <small>E.G.Gonç.</small> * ''[[Philodendron chimboanum]]'' <small>Engl.</small> * ''[[Philodendron consanguineum]]'' <small>Schott</small> - rascagarganta * ''[[Philodendron cordatum]]'' <small>(Vell.) Kunth</small> * ''[[Philodendron crassinervium]]'' <small>Lindl.</small> * ''[[Philodendron cruentospathum]]'' <small>Madison</small> * ''[[Philodendron davidsonii]]'' <small>Croat</small> * ''[[Philodendron devansayeanum]]'' <small>L. Linden</small> * ''[[Philodendron domesticum]]'' <small>G. S. Bunting</small> * ''[[Philodendron duckei]]'' <small>Croat & Grayum</small> * ''[[Philodendron ensifolium]]'' <small>Croat & Grayum</small> * ''[[Philodendron erubescens]]'' <small>K. Koch & Augustin</small> * ''[[Philodendron eximium]]'' <small>Schott</small> * ''[[Philodendron fragrantissimum]]'' <small>(Hook.) G. Don in Sweet</small> * ''[[Philodendron ferrugineum]]'' <small>Croat</small> * ''[[Philodendron giganteum]]'' <small>Schott</small> - giant philodendron * ''[[Philodendron gigas]]'' <small>Croat</small> * ''[[Philodendron gloriosum]]'' <small>André</small> * ''[[Philodendron gualeanum]]'' <small>Engl.</small> * ''[[Philodendron hastatum]]'' <small>K. Koch & Sello</small> - silver philodendron, also known incorrectly as ''Philodendron glaucophyllum'' * ''[[Philodendron hederaceum]]'' <small>(Jacq.) Schott</small> - vilevine, heartleaf philodendron, velvet-leaved philodendron * ''[[Philodendron herbaceum]]'' <small>Croat & Grayum</small> * ''[[Philodendron hooveri]]'' <small>Croat & Grayum</small> * ''[[Philodendron imbe]]'' <small>Schott ex Endl.</small> - philodendron * ''[[Philodendron jacquinii]]'' <small>Schott</small> * ''[[Philodendron lacerum]]'' <small>(Jacq.) Schott</small> * ''[[Philodendron lingulatum]]'' <small>(L.) K. Koch</small> - treelover * ''[[Philodendron mamei]]'' <small>André</small> * ''[[Philodendron marginatum]]'' <small>Urban</small> - Puerto Rico philodendron * ''[[Philodendron martianum]]'' <small>Engl.</small>- also known incorrectly as Philodendron cannifolium * ''[[Philodendron mayoi]]'' <small>Symon Mayo</small> * ''[[Philodendron maximum]]'' <small>K. Krause</small> * ''[[Philodendron melanochrysum]]'' <small>Linden & André</small> * ''[[Philodendron microstictum]]'' <small>Standl. & L. O. Williams</small> * ''[[Philodendron musifolium]]'' <small>Engl.</small> * ''[[Philodendron nanegalense]]'' <small>Engl.</small> * ''[[Philodendron opacum]]'' <small>Croat & Grayum</small> * ''[[Philodendron ornatum]]'' <small>Schott</small> * ''[[Philodendron pachycaule]]'' <small>K. Krause</small> * ''[[Philodendron panduriforme]]'' <small>(Kunth) Kunth</small> * ''[[Philodendron pedatum]]'' <small>(Hook.) Kunth</small> * ''[[Philodendron pinnatifidum]]'' <small>(Jacq.) Schott</small> * ''[[Philodendron pogonocaule]]'' <small>Madison</small> * ''[[Philodendron pterotum]]'' <small>K.Koch & Augustin</small> * ''[[Philodendron quitense]]'' <small>Engl.</small> * ''[[Philodendron radiatum]]'' <small>Schott</small> * ''[[Philodendron recurvifolium]]'' <small>Schott</small> * ''[[Philodendron renauxii]]'' <small>Reitz</small> * ''[[Philodendron riparium]]'' <small>Engl.</small> * ''[[Philodendron robustum]]'' <small>Schott</small> * ''[[Philodendron rugosum]]'' <small>Bogner & G.S.Bunting</small> * ''[[Philodendron sagittifolium]]'' <small>Liebm.</small> * ''[[Philodendron santa leopoldina]]'' <small>Liebm.</small> * ''[[Philodendron sphalerum]]'' <small>Schott</small> * ''[[Philodendron squamiferum]]'' <small>Poepp.</small> * ''[[Philodendron standleyi]]'' <small>Grayum</small> * ''[[Philodendron tatei]]'' <small>Krause</small> * ''[[Philodendron tripartitum]]'' <small>(Jacq.) Schott</small> * ''[[Philodendron validinervium]]'' <small>Engl.</small> * ''[[Philodendron ventricosum]]'' <small>Madison</small> * ''[[Philodendron verrucosum]]'' <small>L. Mathieu ex Schott</small> * ''[[Philodendron victoriae]]'' <small>G.S. Bunting</small> * ''[[Philodendron warszewiczii]]'' <small>K. Koch & C. D. Bouché</small> * ''[[Philodendron wendlandii]]'' <small>Schott</small> {{div col end}} ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} {{stub}} o1p3eszjnfi7gk790qg97hww3f5jr2h 0 53103 290369 2025-07-01T17:57:15Z 2806:2F0:55C1:CC29:8C85:72C8:6316:8BEC Pinagmukna an pahina kaining "{{Automatic taxobox | image = Anthurium3.JPG | image_caption = ''Anthurium'' sp. | display_parents = 2 | taxon = Anthurium | authority = [[Heinrich Wilhelm Schott|Schott]] | subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivision = See [[List of Anthurium species|list of species]] | synonyms_ref = <ref>[http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/synonomy.do?name_id=10581 Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families]</ref> | synonyms = * ''Podospadix'' <small>Raf.</small> * ''Strepsanthera..." 290369 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Automatic taxobox | image = Anthurium3.JPG | image_caption = ''Anthurium'' sp. | display_parents = 2 | taxon = Anthurium | authority = [[Heinrich Wilhelm Schott|Schott]] | subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivision = See [[List of Anthurium species|list of species]] | synonyms_ref = <ref>[http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/synonomy.do?name_id=10581 Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families]</ref> | synonyms = * ''Podospadix'' <small>Raf.</small> * ''Strepsanthera'' <small>Raf.</small> | range_map = Anthurium distribution.jpg | range_map_caption = Range of the genus ''Anthurium'' |type_species = ''[[Anthurium acaule]]''<ref name=ING>[http://naturalhistory2.si.edu/botany/ing/INGsearch.cfm?searchword=Anthurium ING Database ANTHURIUM - Smithsonian Institution]</ref> |type_species_authority = ([[Jacq.]]) [[Heinrich Wilhelm Schott|Schott]] }} An '''''Anthurium''''' sarong genus nin mga 1,000 na species nin mga [[Tinanim na namumurak|namumurak na tinanom]], an pinakadakulang genus kan pamilyang arum, an [[Araceae]]. An mga pangkagabsan na komun na pangaran kabali an '''tailflower''', burak nin '''flamingo''', '''pigtail''', asin '''laceleaf'''. An genus tubong [[Amerika]], kun saen ini nakalakop poon sa norteng [[Mehiko]] sagkod sa norteng [[Argentina]] asin mga parte kan [[Karibe|Caribbean]]. ==Mga galeriya== <gallery> File:Flamingo Flower Orchid.JPG|Flamingo Flower File:Anthuriumpolyschistumjuvenile-araceum1.jpg|''[[Anthurium polyschistum]]'' Image:Anthurium digitatum0.jpg|''[[Anthurium digitatum]]'' inflorescence File:Anthurium scandens berries.jpg|''[[Anthurium scandens]]'' bunga asin dahon File:Anthurium gracile.jpg|''[[Anthurium gracile]]'' Image:Anthurium.andraeanum1web.jpg|''[[Anthurium andraeanum]]'' Anthurium obtusum (habitus).jpg|''[[Anthurium obtusum]]'' File:火鶴霹靂馬20190724201841.jpg|''Anthurium andraeanum'' cv. Previa </gallery> ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} {{stub}} i7rvuona7lylzx6oilfqruqh4itgsku 0 53104 290370 2025-07-01T18:50:15Z 2806:2F0:55C1:CC29:8C85:72C8:6316:8BEC Pinagmukna an pahina kaining "{{Automatic taxobox | oldest_fossil = Eocene | image = Anacardium occidentale MS 4693.JPG | image_caption = ''[[Anacardium occidentale]]'' fruit | display_parents = 2 | taxon = Anacardium | authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]] | synonyms = ''Cassuvium'' <small>Lam.</small><br /> ''Rhinocarpus'' <small>Bertero & Balb. ex Kunth</small><ref name="GRIN">{{cite web |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/genus.pl?588 |title=''Anacardium'' L. |work=Germplasm Reso..." 290370 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Automatic taxobox | oldest_fossil = Eocene | image = Anacardium occidentale MS 4693.JPG | image_caption = ''[[Anacardium occidentale]]'' fruit | display_parents = 2 | taxon = Anacardium | authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]] | synonyms = ''Cassuvium'' <small>Lam.</small><br /> ''Rhinocarpus'' <small>Bertero & Balb. ex Kunth</small><ref name="GRIN">{{cite web |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/genus.pl?588 |title=''Anacardium'' L. |work=Germplasm Resources Information Network |publisher=United States Department of Agriculture |date=2009-11-23 |access-date=2010-02-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090506230425/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/genus.pl?588 |archive-date=2009-05-06 |url-status=dead }}</ref> | subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivision = See text }} An '''''Anacardium''''' sarong genus nin mga [[tinanom na namumurak]] sa pamilyang [[Anacardiaceae]], tubo sa mga tropikal na rehiyon kan Amerika . An pinakamidbid na species iyo an ''[[Kasoy|Anacardium occidentale]]'', na komersyal na pigkukultibar huli sa mga cashew nuts asin cashew apples kaini. ==Mga species== *''[[Anacardium amapaense]]'' <small>J.D.Mitch.</small> *''[[Anacardium amilcarianum]]'' <small>Machado</small> *''[[Anacardium brasiliense]]'' <small>Barb.Rodr.</small> *''[[Anacardium caracolii]]'' <small>Mutis ex Alba</small> *''[[Anacardium corymbosum]]'' <small>Barb.Rodr.</small> *''[[Anacardium excelsum]]'' <small>[[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]</small> *''[[Anacardium fruticosum]]'' <small>J.Mitch. & S.A.Mori</small> *''[[Anacardium giganteum]]'' <small>(Bertero & Balb. ex Kunth) Skeels</small> *''[[Anacardium humile]]'' <small>Hance ex Engl.</small> *''[[Anacardium microsepalum]]'' <small>Loes.</small> *''[[Anacardium nanum]]'' <small>A.St.-Hil.</small> *''[[Anacardium occidentale]]'' <small>L.</small> *''[[Anacardium parvifolium]]'' <small>Ducke</small> ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} {{stub}} 5i6jfxee4iqvqmf5akcslkkh41g5oz1 0 53105 290371 2025-07-01T20:11:18Z 2806:2F0:55C1:CC29:8C85:72C8:6316:8BEC Pinagmukna an pahina kaining "{{Taxobox | name = ''Limulus'' | fossil_range = {{Fossil range|Triassic|Recient}} | image = Limule(dD).jpg | image_caption = [[Atlantic horseshoe crab]] (''L.&nbsp;polyphemus'') | regnum = [[Animalia]] | phylum = [[Arthropoda]] | subphylum = [[Chelicerata]] | classis = [[Merostomata]] | ordo = [[Xiphosura]] | familia = [[Limulidae]] | genus = '''''Limulus''''' | genus_authority = [[Otto Friedrich Müller|O. F. Müller]], 1785 | type_species = ''Limulus polyp..." 290371 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Taxobox | name = ''Limulus'' | fossil_range = {{Fossil range|Triassic|Recient}} | image = Limule(dD).jpg | image_caption = [[Atlantic horseshoe crab]] (''L.&nbsp;polyphemus'') | regnum = [[Animalia]] | phylum = [[Arthropoda]] | subphylum = [[Chelicerata]] | classis = [[Merostomata]] | ordo = [[Xiphosura]] | familia = [[Limulidae]] | genus = '''''Limulus''''' | genus_authority = [[Otto Friedrich Müller|O. F. Müller]], 1785 | type_species = ''[[Limulus polyphemus|Monoculus polyphemus]]'' | type_species_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], 1758 | subdivision_ranks = | subdivision = }} An '''''Limulus''''' sarong genus nin [[Arapayan (limulido)|horseshoe crab]], na igwang sarong eksistidong species, an Atlantic horseshoe crab ( ''Limulus polyphemus'' ). Sarong fossil species an presenteng nakatagama sa genus dawa ngani nagkapirang ibang species an nginaranan, na poon kaidto nakadestino na sa ibang genera. ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} {{stub}} jwzfjokmtbtojs1q69cgf4jwppeq4hs 0 53106 290372 2025-07-01T20:20:50Z 2806:2F0:55C1:CC29:8C85:72C8:6316:8BEC Pinagmukna an pahina kaining "{{automatic taxobox |image = Nepenthes peltata.jpg |image_caption = A [[rosette (botany)|rosette]] plant of ''[[Nepenthes peltata|N.&nbsp;peltata]]'' growing on [[Mount Hamiguitan]], [[Mindanao]], [[Philippines]] |parent_authority = [[Barthélemy Charles Joseph Dumortier|Dumort.]]<ref name=APGIII2009>{{Cite journal |last=Angiosperm Phylogeny Group |year=2009 |title=An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flower..." 290372 wikitext text/x-wiki {{automatic taxobox |image = Nepenthes peltata.jpg |image_caption = A [[rosette (botany)|rosette]] plant of ''[[Nepenthes peltata|N.&nbsp;peltata]]'' growing on [[Mount Hamiguitan]], [[Mindanao]], [[Philippines]] |parent_authority = [[Barthélemy Charles Joseph Dumortier|Dumort.]]<ref name=APGIII2009>{{Cite journal |last=Angiosperm Phylogeny Group |year=2009 |title=An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III |journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=161 |issue=2 |pages=105–121 |url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1046/j.1095-8339.2003.t01-1-00158.x/pdf | format= PDF |access-date=2013-07-06 |doi=10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x |doi-access=free |hdl=10654/18083 |hdl-access=free |url-access=subscription }}</ref> |taxon = Nepenthes |authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]] |diversity_ref = <ref name=abgracilis>{{cite journal | last1 = Cheek | first1 = M. | last2 = Jebb | first2 = M. | year = 2013 | title = The ''Nepenthes micramphora'' (Nepenthaceae) group, with two new species from Mindanao, Philippines | journal = Phytotaxa | volume = 151 | issue = 1| pages = 25–34 | doi = 10.11646/phytotaxa.151.1.2 | doi-access = free }}</ref> |diversity = 150+ species |diversity_link = List of Nepenthes species |subdivision_ranks = [[Species]] |subdivision = See [[#Taxonomy|below]] or [[List of Nepenthes species|separate list]]. |synonyms = *''Anurosperma'' <small>[[Johannes Gottfried Hallier|Hallier f.]]</small> * ''Bandura'' <small>[[Michel Adanson|Adans.]]</small> * ''Phyllamphora'' <small>[[João de Loureiro|Lour.]]</small> |synonyms_ref = <ref name="POWO">{{cite web|url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:327014-2 |title=''Nepenthes'' L. |date=2023 |website=Plants of the World Online |publisher=Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew |access-date=7 June 2023}}</ref> }} An '''''Nepenthes''''' sarong genus nin mga [[tinanom]] na karniboro, bisto man sa apod na tropikal na '''pitsel na tinanom''', o '''monkey cups''', sa monotipikong pamilyang [[Nepenthaceae]]. Kabali sa genus an mga 170 species, asin dakul na natural asin dakul na kultibadong mestiso. An mga ini kadaklan mga tinanom na nagpoporma nin liana kan mga tropiko kan Lumang Kinaban, na minapoon sa Sur na Tsina, [[Indonesya]], [[Malaysia]], asin [[Filipinas]]; pasolnopan pasiring sa [[Madagascar]] (duwang klase) asin sa [[Seychelles]] (saro); pa-sur pasiring sa Australia (apat) asin New Caledonia (saro); asin pa-norte pasiring sa India (saro) asin Sri Lanka (saro). An pinakadakulang pagkakaiba-iba nangyayari sa [[Borneo]], [[Sumatra]], asin Filipinas, na igwang kadakol na mga species na endemic. Dakul an mga tinanom sa mainit, mahamog, hababang lugar, alagad kadaklan mga tropikal, mga tinanom sa kabukidan, na nag-aako nin mainit na mga aldaw alagad malipot sagkod malipot, mahamot na mga banggi sa bilog na taon. An nagkapira pigkokonsiderar na tropikal na alpine, na may malipot na mga aldaw asin banggi na haros magyelo. An pangaran na "monkey cups" nanonongod sa bagay na an mga unggoy kaidto pighuhuna na nag-iinom nin tubig-uran hale sa mga pitsel. ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} {{stub}} le4ipes8slw5u85wzt8k9zmg13iy7s2 290373 290372 2025-07-01T20:21:40Z 2806:2F0:55C1:CC29:8C85:72C8:6316:8BEC 290373 wikitext text/x-wiki {{automatic taxobox | name = Nephentes |image = Nepenthes peltata.jpg |image_caption = A [[rosette (botany)|rosette]] plant of ''[[Nepenthes peltata|N.&nbsp;peltata]]'' growing on [[Mount Hamiguitan]], [[Mindanao]], [[Philippines]] |parent_authority = [[Barthélemy Charles Joseph Dumortier|Dumort.]]<ref name=APGIII2009>{{Cite journal |last=Angiosperm Phylogeny Group |year=2009 |title=An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III |journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=161 |issue=2 |pages=105–121 |url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1046/j.1095-8339.2003.t01-1-00158.x/pdf | format= PDF |access-date=2013-07-06 |doi=10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x |doi-access=free |hdl=10654/18083 |hdl-access=free |url-access=subscription }}</ref> |taxon = Nepenthes |authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]] |diversity_ref = <ref name=abgracilis>{{cite journal | last1 = Cheek | first1 = M. | last2 = Jebb | first2 = M. | year = 2013 | title = The ''Nepenthes micramphora'' (Nepenthaceae) group, with two new species from Mindanao, Philippines | journal = Phytotaxa | volume = 151 | issue = 1| pages = 25–34 | doi = 10.11646/phytotaxa.151.1.2 | doi-access = free }}</ref> |diversity = 150+ species |diversity_link = List of Nepenthes species |subdivision_ranks = [[Species]] |subdivision = See [[#Taxonomy|below]] or [[List of Nepenthes species|separate list]]. |synonyms = *''Anurosperma'' <small>[[Johannes Gottfried Hallier|Hallier f.]]</small> * ''Bandura'' <small>[[Michel Adanson|Adans.]]</small> * ''Phyllamphora'' <small>[[João de Loureiro|Lour.]]</small> |synonyms_ref = <ref name="POWO">{{cite web|url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:327014-2 |title=''Nepenthes'' L. |date=2023 |website=Plants of the World Online |publisher=Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew |access-date=7 June 2023}}</ref> }} An '''''Nepenthes''''' sarong genus nin mga [[tinanom]] na karniboro, bisto man sa apod na tropikal na '''pitsel na tinanom''', o '''monkey cups''', sa monotipikong pamilyang [[Nepenthaceae]]. Kabali sa genus an mga 170 species, asin dakul na natural asin dakul na kultibadong mestiso. An mga ini kadaklan mga tinanom na nagpoporma nin liana kan mga tropiko kan Lumang Kinaban, na minapoon sa Sur na Tsina, [[Indonesya]], [[Malaysia]], asin [[Filipinas]]; pasolnopan pasiring sa [[Madagascar]] (duwang klase) asin sa [[Seychelles]] (saro); pa-sur pasiring sa Australia (apat) asin New Caledonia (saro); asin pa-norte pasiring sa India (saro) asin Sri Lanka (saro). An pinakadakulang pagkakaiba-iba nangyayari sa [[Borneo]], [[Sumatra]], asin Filipinas, na igwang kadakol na mga species na endemic. Dakul an mga tinanom sa mainit, mahamog, hababang lugar, alagad kadaklan mga tropikal, mga tinanom sa kabukidan, na nag-aako nin mainit na mga aldaw alagad malipot sagkod malipot, mahamot na mga banggi sa bilog na taon. An nagkapira pigkokonsiderar na tropikal na alpine, na may malipot na mga aldaw asin banggi na haros magyelo. An pangaran na "monkey cups" nanonongod sa bagay na an mga unggoy kaidto pighuhuna na nag-iinom nin tubig-uran hale sa mga pitsel. ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} {{stub}} 0g9fgf51unk10ah3xonfypgehsqcbtt 290374 290373 2025-07-01T20:24:28Z 2806:2F0:55C1:CC29:8C85:72C8:6316:8BEC 290374 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Automatic taxobox | name = Nephentes | image = Nepenthes peltata.jpg | image_caption = A [[rosette (botany)|rosette]] plant of ''[[Nepenthes peltata|N.&nbsp;peltata]]'' growing on [[Mount Hamiguitan]], [[Mindanao]], [[Philippines]] |parent_authority = [[Barthélemy Charles Joseph Dumortier|Dumort.]]<ref name=APGIII2009>{{Cite journal |last=Angiosperm Phylogeny Group |year=2009 |title=An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III |journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=161 |issue=2 |pages=105–121 |url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1046/j.1095-8339.2003.t01-1-00158.x/pdf | format= PDF |access-date=2013-07-06 |doi=10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x |doi-access=free |hdl=10654/18083 |hdl-access=free |url-access=subscription }}</ref> |taxon = Nepenthes |authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]] |diversity_ref = <ref name=abgracilis>{{cite journal | last1 = Cheek | first1 = M. | last2 = Jebb | first2 = M. | year = 2013 | title = The ''Nepenthes micramphora'' (Nepenthaceae) group, with two new species from Mindanao, Philippines | journal = Phytotaxa | volume = 151 | issue = 1| pages = 25–34 | doi = 10.11646/phytotaxa.151.1.2 | doi-access = free }}</ref> |diversity = 150+ species |diversity_link = List of Nepenthes species |subdivision_ranks = [[Species]] |subdivision = See [[#Taxonomy|below]] or [[List of Nepenthes species|separate list]]. |synonyms = *''Anurosperma'' <small>[[Johannes Gottfried Hallier|Hallier f.]]</small> * ''Bandura'' <small>[[Michel Adanson|Adans.]]</small> * ''Phyllamphora'' <small>[[João de Loureiro|Lour.]]</small> |synonyms_ref = <ref name="POWO">{{cite web|url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:327014-2 |title=''Nepenthes'' L. |date=2023 |website=Plants of the World Online |publisher=Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew |access-date=7 June 2023}}</ref> }} An '''''Nepenthes''''' sarong genus nin mga [[tinanom]] na karniboro, bisto man sa apod na tropikal na '''pitsel na tinanom''', o '''monkey cups''', sa monotipikong pamilyang [[Nepenthaceae]]. Kabali sa genus an mga 170 species, asin dakul na natural asin dakul na kultibadong mestiso. An mga ini kadaklan mga tinanom na nagpoporma nin liana kan mga tropiko kan Lumang Kinaban, na minapoon sa Sur na Tsina, [[Indonesya]], [[Malaysia]], asin [[Filipinas]]; pasolnopan pasiring sa [[Madagascar]] (duwang klase) asin sa [[Seychelles]] (saro); pa-sur pasiring sa Australia (apat) asin New Caledonia (saro); asin pa-norte pasiring sa India (saro) asin Sri Lanka (saro). An pinakadakulang pagkakaiba-iba nangyayari sa [[Borneo]], [[Sumatra]], asin Filipinas, na igwang kadakol na mga species na endemic. Dakul an mga tinanom sa mainit, mahamog, hababang lugar, alagad kadaklan mga tropikal, mga tinanom sa kabukidan, na nag-aako nin mainit na mga aldaw alagad malipot sagkod malipot, mahamot na mga banggi sa bilog na taon. An nagkapira pigkokonsiderar na tropikal na alpine, na may malipot na mga aldaw asin banggi na haros magyelo. An pangaran na "monkey cups" nanonongod sa bagay na an mga unggoy kaidto pighuhuna na nag-iinom nin tubig-uran hale sa mga pitsel. ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} {{stub}} h7hk4eymaxclmwkbwc9z3sttj6oltvs 290375 290374 2025-07-01T20:25:47Z 2806:2F0:55C1:CC29:8C85:72C8:6316:8BEC 290375 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ladawan:Nepenthes_peltata.jpg|thumb|250px|Sarong rosette plant kan ''N. peltata'' na nagtutubo sa Bukid Hamiguitan, Mindanao, Filipinas]] {{Automatic taxobox | name = Nephentes | image = Nepenthes peltata.jpg | image_caption = A [[rosette (botany)|rosette]] plant of ''[[Nepenthes peltata|N.&nbsp;peltata]]'' growing on [[Mount Hamiguitan]], [[Mindanao]], [[Philippines]] |parent_authority = [[Barthélemy Charles Joseph Dumortier|Dumort.]]<ref name=APGIII2009>{{Cite journal |last=Angiosperm Phylogeny Group |year=2009 |title=An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III |journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=161 |issue=2 |pages=105–121 |url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1046/j.1095-8339.2003.t01-1-00158.x/pdf | format= PDF |access-date=2013-07-06 |doi=10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x |doi-access=free |hdl=10654/18083 |hdl-access=free |url-access=subscription }}</ref> |taxon = Nepenthes |authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]] |diversity_ref = <ref name=abgracilis>{{cite journal | last1 = Cheek | first1 = M. | last2 = Jebb | first2 = M. | year = 2013 | title = The ''Nepenthes micramphora'' (Nepenthaceae) group, with two new species from Mindanao, Philippines | journal = Phytotaxa | volume = 151 | issue = 1| pages = 25–34 | doi = 10.11646/phytotaxa.151.1.2 | doi-access = free }}</ref> |diversity = 150+ species |diversity_link = List of Nepenthes species |subdivision_ranks = [[Species]] |subdivision = See [[#Taxonomy|below]] or [[List of Nepenthes species|separate list]]. |synonyms = *''Anurosperma'' <small>[[Johannes Gottfried Hallier|Hallier f.]]</small> * ''Bandura'' <small>[[Michel Adanson|Adans.]]</small> * ''Phyllamphora'' <small>[[João de Loureiro|Lour.]]</small> |synonyms_ref = <ref name="POWO">{{cite web|url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:327014-2 |title=''Nepenthes'' L. |date=2023 |website=Plants of the World Online |publisher=Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew |access-date=7 June 2023}}</ref> }} An '''''Nepenthes''''' sarong genus nin mga [[tinanom]] na karniboro, bisto man sa apod na tropikal na '''pitsel na tinanom''', o '''monkey cups''', sa monotipikong pamilyang [[Nepenthaceae]]. Kabali sa genus an mga 170 species, asin dakul na natural asin dakul na kultibadong mestiso. An mga ini kadaklan mga tinanom na nagpoporma nin liana kan mga tropiko kan Lumang Kinaban, na minapoon sa Sur na Tsina, [[Indonesya]], [[Malaysia]], asin [[Filipinas]]; pasolnopan pasiring sa [[Madagascar]] (duwang klase) asin sa [[Seychelles]] (saro); pa-sur pasiring sa Australia (apat) asin New Caledonia (saro); asin pa-norte pasiring sa India (saro) asin Sri Lanka (saro). An pinakadakulang pagkakaiba-iba nangyayari sa [[Borneo]], [[Sumatra]], asin Filipinas, na igwang kadakol na mga species na endemic. Dakul an mga tinanom sa mainit, mahamog, hababang lugar, alagad kadaklan mga tropikal, mga tinanom sa kabukidan, na nag-aako nin mainit na mga aldaw alagad malipot sagkod malipot, mahamot na mga banggi sa bilog na taon. An nagkapira pigkokonsiderar na tropikal na alpine, na may malipot na mga aldaw asin banggi na haros magyelo. An pangaran na "monkey cups" nanonongod sa bagay na an mga unggoy kaidto pighuhuna na nag-iinom nin tubig-uran hale sa mga pitsel. ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} {{stub}} s7s3cvqg3z87x9xs47m1zao5580m9zf 290376 290375 2025-07-01T20:27:40Z 2806:2F0:55C1:CC29:8C85:72C8:6316:8BEC 290376 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ladawan:Nepenthes_peltata.jpg|thumb|250px|Sarong rosette plant kan ''N. peltata'' na nagtutubo sa Bukid Hamiguitan, Mindanao, Filipinas]] {{Taxobox | image = Nepenthes edwardsiana entire ASR 052007 tambu.jpg | image_width = 255px | image_caption = ''[[Nepenthes edwardsiana]]'' | regnum = [[Plantae]] | divisio = [[Magnoliophyta]] | classis = [[Magnoliopsida]] | ordo = [[Caryophyllales]] | familia = '''Nepenthaceae''' | familia_authority = [[Barthélemy Charles Joseph Dumortier|Dumort.]] (1829) | genus = '''''Nepenthes''''' | genus_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]] (1753) | diversity_link = }} {{Automatic taxobox | name = Nephentes | image = Nepenthes peltata.jpg | image_caption = A [[rosette (botany)|rosette]] plant of ''[[Nepenthes peltata|N.&nbsp;peltata]]'' growing on [[Mount Hamiguitan]], [[Mindanao]], [[Philippines]] |parent_authority = [[Barthélemy Charles Joseph Dumortier|Dumort.]]<ref name=APGIII2009>{{Cite journal |last=Angiosperm Phylogeny Group |year=2009 |title=An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III |journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=161 |issue=2 |pages=105–121 |url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1046/j.1095-8339.2003.t01-1-00158.x/pdf | format= PDF |access-date=2013-07-06 |doi=10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x |doi-access=free |hdl=10654/18083 |hdl-access=free |url-access=subscription }}</ref> |taxon = Nepenthes |authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]] |diversity_ref = <ref name=abgracilis>{{cite journal | last1 = Cheek | first1 = M. | last2 = Jebb | first2 = M. | year = 2013 | title = The ''Nepenthes micramphora'' (Nepenthaceae) group, with two new species from Mindanao, Philippines | journal = Phytotaxa | volume = 151 | issue = 1| pages = 25–34 | doi = 10.11646/phytotaxa.151.1.2 | doi-access = free }}</ref> |diversity = 150+ species |diversity_link = List of Nepenthes species |subdivision_ranks = [[Species]] |subdivision = See [[#Taxonomy|below]] or [[List of Nepenthes species|separate list]]. |synonyms = *''Anurosperma'' <small>[[Johannes Gottfried Hallier|Hallier f.]]</small> * ''Bandura'' <small>[[Michel Adanson|Adans.]]</small> * ''Phyllamphora'' <small>[[João de Loureiro|Lour.]]</small> |synonyms_ref = <ref name="POWO">{{cite web|url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:327014-2 |title=''Nepenthes'' L. |date=2023 |website=Plants of the World Online |publisher=Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew |access-date=7 June 2023}}</ref> }} An '''''Nepenthes''''' sarong genus nin mga [[tinanom]] na karniboro, bisto man sa apod na tropikal na '''pitsel na tinanom''', o '''monkey cups''', sa monotipikong pamilyang [[Nepenthaceae]]. Kabali sa genus an mga 170 species, asin dakul na natural asin dakul na kultibadong mestiso. An mga ini kadaklan mga tinanom na nagpoporma nin liana kan mga tropiko kan Lumang Kinaban, na minapoon sa Sur na Tsina, [[Indonesya]], [[Malaysia]], asin [[Filipinas]]; pasolnopan pasiring sa [[Madagascar]] (duwang klase) asin sa [[Seychelles]] (saro); pa-sur pasiring sa Australia (apat) asin New Caledonia (saro); asin pa-norte pasiring sa India (saro) asin Sri Lanka (saro). An pinakadakulang pagkakaiba-iba nangyayari sa [[Borneo]], [[Sumatra]], asin Filipinas, na igwang kadakol na mga species na endemic. Dakul an mga tinanom sa mainit, mahamog, hababang lugar, alagad kadaklan mga tropikal, mga tinanom sa kabukidan, na nag-aako nin mainit na mga aldaw alagad malipot sagkod malipot, mahamot na mga banggi sa bilog na taon. An nagkapira pigkokonsiderar na tropikal na alpine, na may malipot na mga aldaw asin banggi na haros magyelo. An pangaran na "monkey cups" nanonongod sa bagay na an mga unggoy kaidto pighuhuna na nag-iinom nin tubig-uran hale sa mga pitsel. ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} {{stub}} 6jqln008e5tyqqiswj51xht9d84v8lb 290377 290376 2025-07-01T20:28:07Z 2806:2F0:55C1:CC29:8C85:72C8:6316:8BEC 290377 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Taxobox | image = Nepenthes edwardsiana entire ASR 052007 tambu.jpg | image_width = 255px | image_caption = ''[[Nepenthes edwardsiana]]'' | regnum = [[Plantae]] | divisio = [[Magnoliophyta]] | classis = [[Magnoliopsida]] | ordo = [[Caryophyllales]] | familia = '''Nepenthaceae''' | familia_authority = [[Barthélemy Charles Joseph Dumortier|Dumort.]] (1829) | genus = '''''Nepenthes''''' | genus_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]] (1753) | diversity_link = }} {{Automatic taxobox | name = Nephentes | image = Nepenthes peltata.jpg | image_caption = A [[rosette (botany)|rosette]] plant of ''[[Nepenthes peltata|N.&nbsp;peltata]]'' growing on [[Mount Hamiguitan]], [[Mindanao]], [[Philippines]] |parent_authority = [[Barthélemy Charles Joseph Dumortier|Dumort.]]<ref name=APGIII2009>{{Cite journal |last=Angiosperm Phylogeny Group |year=2009 |title=An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III |journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=161 |issue=2 |pages=105–121 |url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1046/j.1095-8339.2003.t01-1-00158.x/pdf | format= PDF |access-date=2013-07-06 |doi=10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x |doi-access=free |hdl=10654/18083 |hdl-access=free |url-access=subscription }}</ref> |taxon = Nepenthes |authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]] |diversity_ref = <ref name=abgracilis>{{cite journal | last1 = Cheek | first1 = M. | last2 = Jebb | first2 = M. | year = 2013 | title = The ''Nepenthes micramphora'' (Nepenthaceae) group, with two new species from Mindanao, Philippines | journal = Phytotaxa | volume = 151 | issue = 1| pages = 25–34 | doi = 10.11646/phytotaxa.151.1.2 | doi-access = free }}</ref> |diversity = 150+ species |diversity_link = List of Nepenthes species |subdivision_ranks = [[Species]] |subdivision = See [[#Taxonomy|below]] or [[List of Nepenthes species|separate list]]. |synonyms = *''Anurosperma'' <small>[[Johannes Gottfried Hallier|Hallier f.]]</small> * ''Bandura'' <small>[[Michel Adanson|Adans.]]</small> * ''Phyllamphora'' <small>[[João de Loureiro|Lour.]]</small> |synonyms_ref = <ref name="POWO">{{cite web|url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:327014-2 |title=''Nepenthes'' L. |date=2023 |website=Plants of the World Online |publisher=Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew |access-date=7 June 2023}}</ref> }} [[Ladawan:Nepenthes_peltata.jpg|thumb|250px|Sarong rosette plant kan ''N. peltata'' na nagtutubo sa Bukid Hamiguitan, Mindanao, Filipinas]] An '''''Nepenthes''''' sarong genus nin mga [[tinanom]] na karniboro, bisto man sa apod na tropikal na '''pitsel na tinanom''', o '''monkey cups''', sa monotipikong pamilyang [[Nepenthaceae]]. Kabali sa genus an mga 170 species, asin dakul na natural asin dakul na kultibadong mestiso. An mga ini kadaklan mga tinanom na nagpoporma nin liana kan mga tropiko kan Lumang Kinaban, na minapoon sa Sur na Tsina, [[Indonesya]], [[Malaysia]], asin [[Filipinas]]; pasolnopan pasiring sa [[Madagascar]] (duwang klase) asin sa [[Seychelles]] (saro); pa-sur pasiring sa Australia (apat) asin New Caledonia (saro); asin pa-norte pasiring sa India (saro) asin Sri Lanka (saro). An pinakadakulang pagkakaiba-iba nangyayari sa [[Borneo]], [[Sumatra]], asin Filipinas, na igwang kadakol na mga species na endemic. Dakul an mga tinanom sa mainit, mahamog, hababang lugar, alagad kadaklan mga tropikal, mga tinanom sa kabukidan, na nag-aako nin mainit na mga aldaw alagad malipot sagkod malipot, mahamot na mga banggi sa bilog na taon. An nagkapira pigkokonsiderar na tropikal na alpine, na may malipot na mga aldaw asin banggi na haros magyelo. An pangaran na "monkey cups" nanonongod sa bagay na an mga unggoy kaidto pighuhuna na nag-iinom nin tubig-uran hale sa mga pitsel. ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} {{stub}} juk1k60kmdowvydqrxmsy8sq7vtsqtj 0 53107 290381 2025-07-01T22:57:09Z Ringer 55 Pinagmukna an pahina kaining " {{Infobox officeholder | name = Nicolae Ceaușescu | honorific_prefix = ''[[Comrade#In other languages|Tovarășul]] [[Conducător]]'' | image = Nicolae Ceaușescu (3x4 cropped).jpg | caption = Official portrait, 1965 | office = [[Romanian Communist Party#General Secretaries (1921–1989)|General Secretary of the Romanian Communist Party]] | term_start = 19 March 1965 | term_end = 2..." 290381 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = Nicolae Ceaușescu | honorific_prefix = ''[[Comrade#In other languages|Tovarășul]] [[Conducător]]'' | image = Nicolae Ceaușescu (3x4 cropped).jpg | caption = Official portrait, 1965 | office = [[Romanian Communist Party#General Secretaries (1921–1989)|General Secretary of the Romanian Communist Party]] | term_start = 19 March 1965 | term_end = 22 December 1989 | predecessor = [[Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej]] | successor = ''Position abolished'' | order1 = 1st | office1 = President of Romania | term_start1 = 28 March 1974 | term_end1 = 22 December 1989 | predecessor1 = ''Position established'' | successor1 = {{ubli|[[List of members of the National Salvation Front Council|National Salvation Front Council]] (interim)|[[Ion Iliescu]] (as president)}} | primeminister1 = {{plain list| * [[Manea Mănescu]] * [[Ilie Verdeț]] * [[Constantin Dăscălescu]] }} | office2 = [[State Council of Romania#Presidents of the State Council|President of the State Council]] | term_start2 = 9 December 1967 | term_end2 = 22 December 1989 | primeminister2 = {{plain list| * [[Ion Gheorghe Maurer]] * [[Manea Mănescu]] * [[Ilie Verdeț]] * [[Constantin Dăscălescu]] }} | predecessor2 = [[Chivu Stoica]] | successor2 = ''Office abolished'' {{collapsed infobox section begin|Additional positions}} | office3 = Member of the [[State Council of Romania|Presidium of the Great National Assembly]] | term_start3 = 31 May 1950 | term_end3 = 3 October 1955 | president3 = {{ubli|[[Constantin Ion Parhon]] | [[Petru Groza]]}} | office4 = [[Deputy Minister]] of [[Ministry of National Defence (Romania)|National Defence]] | term_start4 = 1950 | term_end4 = 1954 | primeminister4 = {{ubli|[[Petru Groza]] | [[Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej]]}} | minister4 = [[Emil Bodnăraș]] | office5 = [[Deputy Minister]] of [[Government of Romania|Agriculture]] | term_start5 = 1949 | term_end5 = 1950 | primeminister5 = [[Petru Groza]] | minister5 = [[Vasile Vaida]] | office6 = [[Undersecretary|State Under Secretary]] at the [[Government of Romania|Ministry of Agriculture]] | term_start6 = 13 May 1948 | term_end6 = 1949 | primeminister6 = [[Petru Groza]] | minister6 = [[Vasile Vaida]] | office7 = Member of the [[Central committee|Central Committee]] of the [[Romanian Communist Party|Communist Party]] | term_start7 = 21 October 1945 | term_end7 = 25 December 1989 | office8 = First Secretary of the [[Union of Communist Youth]] | term_start8 = 23 August 1944 | term_end8 = June 1945 | successor8 = [[Constantin Drăgoescu]] | office9 = First Secretary of the [[Olt County|Olt Regional Committee]] of the [[Romanian Communist Party|Communist Party]] | 1blankname9 = {{nowrap|First Secretary}} | 1namedata9 = [[Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej]] | term_start9 = December 1946 | term_end9 = May 1948 | office10 = Member of the [[Great National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Romania|Great National Assembly]] | term_start10 = 28 March 1948 | term_end10 = 25 December 1989 | constituency10 = {{ubli|[[Olt County]] (1948–1952)|[[Argeș Region|Pitești Region]] (1952–1969)|[[Bucharest]] (1969–1989)}} | office11 = Member of the [[Chamber of Deputies (Romania)|Assembly of Deputies]] | term_start11 = 19 November 1946 | term_end11 = 25 February 1948 | constituency11 = Olt County {{collapsed infobox section end}} | party = [[Romanian Communist Party]] (1932–1989) | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=y|1918|01|26}} | birth_place = [[Scornicești]], Olt County, Romania | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=y|1989|12|25|1918|01|26}} | death_place = [[Târgoviște]], Dâmbovița County, Romania | spouse = {{Marriage|[[Elena Ceaușescu|Elena Petrescu]]|1946}} | children = {{flatlist| * [[Valentin Ceaușescu|Valentin]] * [[Zoia Ceaușescu|Zoia]] * [[Nicu Ceaușescu|Nicu]] }} | relatives = {{ublist |[[Marin Ceaușescu|Marin]] (brother) |[[Ilie Ceaușescu|Ilie]] (brother) }} | branch = [[Romanian Armed Forces|Romanian Army]] | serviceyears = 1944–1989 | battles = [[Romanian Revolution]]{{executed}} | rank = [[Lieutenant general]] | signature = Nicolae Ceaușescu Signature.svg | module = '''Criminal conviction''' {{Infobox criminal | child = yes | conviction = [[Genocide]] | trial = Trial and execution of Nicolae and Elena Ceaușescu | conviction_penalty = [[Capital punishment in Romania|Death]] | victims = Romanian [[dissident]]s | death_cause = [[Execution by firing squad]] }} | footnotes = }} Si '''Nicolae Ceaușescu''' ({{IPAc-en|tʃ|aʊ|ˈ|ʃ|ɛ|s|k|uː}} {{respell|chow|SHESK|oo}}; {{IPA|ro|nikoˈla.e tʃe̯a.uˈʃesku|lang|Ro-Nicolae Ceaușescu.ogg}}; {{OldStyleDate|26 Enero|1918|13 Enero}}&nbsp;– 25 Desyembre 1989) sarong Rumanong politiko na iyo an ikaduwa asin ultimong [[Komunismo|komunista]]ng lider nin [[Rumanyang SosyalistaSocialist Romania|Rumanya]], nagsirbe bilang [[sekretaryo heneral kan Partido Komunista Rumanya]] poon 1965 abot [[Bista asin and ehekusyon ni Nicolae asin Elena Ceaușescu|kan saiyang ehekusyon]] kan 1989. Hinihiling kan kadaklan na sarong diktador, siya an [[pamayo kan estado]] nin Rumanya poon 1967 sagkod 1989, nagsirbeng Presidente nin [[Estado Konsehal nin RumanyaState|Estado Konsehal]] poon 1967 asin komo enot na [[Presidente nin Rumanya|presidente]] poon 1974. Siya napatalsik sa pwesto asin pig'ehekutar durante kan [[Rebolusyon Rumanya]] kan 25 Desyembre 1989 kasabay kan saiyang agom na si [[Elena Ceaușescu]], bilang ini parte kan [[Anti-komunismo|anti-komunista]]ng hirton na nagbungkaras sa [[Europang subangan]] kan taon na idto. ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} [[Kategorya:Komunismo sa Europa]] cdpwv52am328wythlbibhei8zyi5gg8 290382 290381 2025-07-01T22:59:02Z Ringer 55 290382 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = Nicolae Ceaușescu | honorific_prefix = ''[[Comrade#In other languages|Tovarășul]] [[Conducător]]'' | image = Nicolae Ceaușescu (3x4 cropped).jpg | caption = Official portrait, 1965 | office = [[Romanian Communist Party#General Secretaries (1921–1989)|General Secretary of the Romanian Communist Party]] | term_start = 19 March 1965 | term_end = 22 December 1989 | predecessor = [[Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej]] | successor = ''Position abolished'' | order1 = 1st | office1 = President of Romania | term_start1 = 28 March 1974 | term_end1 = 22 December 1989 | predecessor1 = ''Position established'' | successor1 = {{ubli|[[List of members of the National Salvation Front Council|National Salvation Front Council]] (interim)|[[Ion Iliescu]] (as president)}} | primeminister1 = {{plain list| * [[Manea Mănescu]] * [[Ilie Verdeț]] * [[Constantin Dăscălescu]] }} | office2 = [[State Council of Romania#Presidents of the State Council|President of the State Council]] | term_start2 = 9 December 1967 | term_end2 = 22 December 1989 | primeminister2 = {{plain list| * [[Ion Gheorghe Maurer]] * [[Manea Mănescu]] * [[Ilie Verdeț]] * [[Constantin Dăscălescu]] }} | predecessor2 = [[Chivu Stoica]] | successor2 = ''Office abolished'' {{collapsed infobox section begin|Additional positions}} | office3 = Member of the [[State Council of Romania|Presidium of the Great National Assembly]] | term_start3 = 31 May 1950 | term_end3 = 3 October 1955 | president3 = {{ubli|[[Constantin Ion Parhon]] | [[Petru Groza]]}} | office4 = [[Deputy Minister]] of [[Ministry of National Defence (Romania)|National Defence]] | term_start4 = 1950 | term_end4 = 1954 | primeminister4 = {{ubli|[[Petru Groza]] | [[Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej]]}} | minister4 = [[Emil Bodnăraș]] | office5 = [[Deputy Minister]] of [[Government of Romania|Agriculture]] | term_start5 = 1949 | term_end5 = 1950 | primeminister5 = [[Petru Groza]] | minister5 = [[Vasile Vaida]] | office6 = [[Undersecretary|State Under Secretary]] at the [[Government of Romania|Ministry of Agriculture]] | term_start6 = 13 May 1948 | term_end6 = 1949 | primeminister6 = [[Petru Groza]] | minister6 = [[Vasile Vaida]] | office7 = Member of the [[Central committee|Central Committee]] of the [[Romanian Communist Party|Communist Party]] | term_start7 = 21 October 1945 | term_end7 = 25 December 1989 | office8 = First Secretary of the [[Union of Communist Youth]] | term_start8 = 23 August 1944 | term_end8 = June 1945 | successor8 = [[Constantin Drăgoescu]] | office9 = First Secretary of the [[Olt County|Olt Regional Committee]] of the [[Romanian Communist Party|Communist Party]] | 1blankname9 = {{nowrap|First Secretary}} | 1namedata9 = [[Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej]] | term_start9 = December 1946 | term_end9 = May 1948 | office10 = Member of the [[Great National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Romania|Great National Assembly]] | term_start10 = 28 March 1948 | term_end10 = 25 December 1989 | constituency10 = {{ubli|[[Olt County]] (1948–1952)|[[Argeș Region|Pitești Region]] (1952–1969)|[[Bucharest]] (1969–1989)}} | office11 = Member of the [[Chamber of Deputies (Romania)|Assembly of Deputies]] | term_start11 = 19 November 1946 | term_end11 = 25 February 1948 | constituency11 = Olt County {{collapsed infobox section end}} | party = [[Romanian Communist Party]] (1932–1989) | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=y|1918|01|26}} | birth_place = [[Scornicești]], Olt County, Romania | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=y|1989|12|25|1918|01|26}} | death_place = [[Târgoviște]], Dâmbovița County, Romania | spouse = {{Marriage|[[Elena Ceaușescu|Elena Petrescu]]|1946}} | children = {{flatlist| * [[Valentin Ceaușescu|Valentin]] * [[Zoia Ceaușescu|Zoia]] * [[Nicu Ceaușescu|Nicu]] }} | relatives = {{ublist |[[Marin Ceaușescu|Marin]] (brother) |[[Ilie Ceaușescu|Ilie]] (brother) }} | branch = [[Romanian Armed Forces|Romanian Army]] | serviceyears = 1944–1989 | battles = [[Romanian Revolution]]{{executed}} | rank = [[Lieutenant general]] | signature = Nicolae Ceaușescu Signature.svg | module = '''Criminal conviction''' {{Infobox criminal | child = yes | conviction = [[Genocide]] | trial = Trial and execution of Nicolae and Elena Ceaușescu | conviction_penalty = [[Capital punishment in Romania|Death]] | victims = Romanian [[dissident]]s | death_cause = [[Execution by firing squad]] }} | footnotes = }} Si '''Nicolae Ceaușescu''' ({{IPAc-en|tʃ|aʊ|ˈ|ʃ|ɛ|s|k|uː}} {{respell|chow|SHESK|oo}}; {{IPA|ro|nikoˈla.e tʃe̯a.uˈʃesku|lang|Ro-Nicolae Ceaușescu.ogg}}; {{OldStyleDate|26 Enero|1918|13 Enero}}&nbsp;– 25 Desyembre 1989) sarong Rumanong politiko na iyo an ikaduwa asin ultimong [[Komunismo|komunista]]ng lider nin [[Rumanyang SosyalistaSocialist Romania|Rumanya]], nagsirbe bilang [[sekretaryo heneral kan Partido Komunista Rumanya]] poon 1965 abot [[Bista asin and ehekusyon ni Nicolae asin Elena Ceaușescu|kan saiyang ehekusyon]] kan 1989. Hinihiling kan kadaklan na sarong diktador, siya an [[pamayo kan estado]] nin Rumanya poon 1967 sagkod 1989, nagsirbeng Presidente nin [[Estado Konsehal nin RumanyaState|Estado Konsehal]] poon 1967 asin komo enot na [[Presidente nin Rumanya|presidente]] poon 1974. Siya napatalsik sa pwesto asin pig'ehekutar durante kan [[Rebolusyon Rumanya]] kan 25 Desyembre 1989 kasabay kan saiyang agom na si [[Elena Ceaușescu]], bilang ini parte kan [[Anti-komunismo|anti-komunista]]ng hiron na nagbungkaras sa [[Europang Subangan]] kan taon na idto. ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} [[Kategorya:Komunismo sa Europa]] h3ykbvtqa4zfl5tejkfuc9sii48h8eg 290383 290382 2025-07-01T23:02:16Z Ringer 55 290383 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = Nicolae Ceaușescu | honorific_prefix = ''[[Comrade#In other languages|Tovarășul]] [[Conducător]]'' | image = Nicolae Ceaușescu (3x4 cropped).jpg | caption = Retrato opisyal, 1965 | office = [[Romanian Communist Party#General Secretaries (1921–1989)|General Secretary of the Romanian Communist Party]] | term_start = 19 Marso 1965 | term_end = 22 Desyembre 1989 | predecessor = [[Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej]] | successor = ''Position abolished'' | order1 = 1st | office1 = Presidente nin Rumanya | term_start1 = 28 Marso 1974 | term_end1 = 22 Desyembre 1989 | predecessor1 = ''Katongdan naitugdas'' | successor1 = {{ubli|[[List of members of the National Salvation Front Council|National Salvation Front Council]] (interim)|[[Ion Iliescu]] (as president)}} | primeminister1 = {{plain list| * [[Manea Mănescu]] * [[Ilie Verdeț]] * [[Constantin Dăscălescu]] }} | office2 = [[State Council of Romania#Presidents of the State Council|President of the State Council]] | term_start2 = 9 Desyembre 1967 | term_end2 = 22 Desyembre 1989 | primeminister2 = {{plain list| * [[Ion Gheorghe Maurer]] * [[Manea Mănescu]] * [[Ilie Verdeț]] * [[Constantin Dăscălescu]] }} | predecessor2 = [[Chivu Stoica]] | successor2 = ''Office abolished'' {{collapsed infobox section begin|Additional positions}} | office3 = Myembro [[State Council of Romania|Presidium of the Great National Assembly]] | term_start3 = 31 Mayo 1950 | term_end3 = 3 Oktobre 1955 | president3 = {{ubli|[[Constantin Ion Parhon]] | [[Petru Groza]]}} | office4 = [[Deputy Minister]] of [[Ministry of National Defence (Romania)|National Defence]] | term_start4 = 1950 | term_end4 = 1954 | primeminister4 = {{ubli|[[Petru Groza]] | [[Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej]]}} | minister4 = [[Emil Bodnăraș]] | office5 = [[Deputy Minister]] of [[Government of Romania|Agriculture]] | term_start5 = 1949 | term_end5 = 1950 | primeminister5 = [[Petru Groza]] | minister5 = [[Vasile Vaida]] | office6 = [[Undersecretary|State Under Secretary]] at the [[Government of Romania|Ministry of Agriculture]] | term_start6 = 13 May 1948 | term_end6 = 1949 | primeminister6 = [[Petru Groza]] | minister6 = [[Vasile Vaida]] | office7 = Member of the [[Central committee|Central Committee]] of the [[Romanian Communist Party|Communist Party]] | term_start7 = 21 October 1945 | term_end7 = 25 December 1989 | office8 = First Secretary of the [[Union of Communist Youth]] | term_start8 = 23 August 1944 | term_end8 = June 1945 | successor8 = [[Constantin Drăgoescu]] | office9 = First Secretary of the [[Olt County|Olt Regional Committee]] of the [[Romanian Communist Party|Communist Party]] | 1blankname9 = {{nowrap|First Secretary}} | 1namedata9 = [[Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej]] | term_start9 = December 1946 | term_end9 = May 1948 | office10 = Member of the [[Great National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Romania|Great National Assembly]] | term_start10 = 28 March 1948 | term_end10 = 25 December 1989 | constituency10 = {{ubli|[[Olt County]] (1948–1952)|[[Argeș Region|Pitești Region]] (1952–1969)|[[Bucharest]] (1969–1989)}} | office11 = Member of the [[Chamber of Deputies (Romania)|Assembly of Deputies]] | term_start11 = 19 November 1946 | term_end11 = 25 February 1948 | constituency11 = Olt County {{collapsed infobox section end}} | party = [[Romanian Communist Party]] (1932–1989) | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=y|1918|01|26}} | birth_place = [[Scornicești]], Olt County, Romania | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=y|1989|12|25|1918|01|26}} | death_place = [[Târgoviște]], Dâmbovița County, Romania | spouse = {{Marriage|[[Elena Ceaușescu|Elena Petrescu]]|1946}} | children = {{flatlist| * [[Valentin Ceaușescu|Valentin]] * [[Zoia Ceaușescu|Zoia]] * [[Nicu Ceaușescu|Nicu]] }} | relatives = {{ublist |[[Marin Ceaușescu|Marin]] (brother) |[[Ilie Ceaușescu|Ilie]] (brother) }} | branch = [[Romanian Armed Forces|Romanian Army]] | serviceyears = 1944–1989 | battles = [[Romanian Revolution]]{{executed}} | rank = [[Lieutenant general]] | signature = Nicolae Ceaușescu Signature.svg | module = '''Criminal conviction''' {{Infobox criminal | child = yes | conviction = [[Genocide]] | trial = Trial and execution of Nicolae and Elena Ceaușescu | conviction_penalty = [[Capital punishment in Romania|Death]] | victims = Romanian [[dissident]]s | death_cause = [[Execution by firing squad]] }} | footnotes = }} Si '''Nicolae Ceaușescu''' ({{IPAc-en|tʃ|aʊ|ˈ|ʃ|ɛ|s|k|uː}} {{respell|chow|SHESK|oo}}; {{IPA|ro|nikoˈla.e tʃe̯a.uˈʃesku|lang|Ro-Nicolae Ceaușescu.ogg}}; {{OldStyleDate|26 Enero|1918|13 Enero}}&nbsp;– 25 Desyembre 1989) sarong Rumanong politiko na iyo an ikaduwa asin ultimong [[Komunismo|komunista]]ng lider nin [[Rumanyang SosyalistaSocialist Romania|Rumanya]], nagsirbe bilang [[sekretaryo heneral kan Partido Komunista Rumanya]] poon 1965 abot [[Bista asin and ehekusyon ni Nicolae asin Elena Ceaușescu|kan saiyang ehekusyon]] kan 1989. Hinihiling kan kadaklan na sarong diktador, siya an [[pamayo kan estado]] nin Rumanya poon 1967 sagkod 1989, nagsirbeng Presidente nin [[Estado Konsehal nin RumanyaState|Estado Konsehal]] poon 1967 asin komo enot na [[Presidente nin Rumanya|presidente]] poon 1974. Siya napatalsik sa pwesto asin pig'ehekutar durante kan [[Rebolusyon Rumanya]] kan 25 Desyembre 1989 kasabay kan saiyang agom na si [[Elena Ceaușescu]], bilang ini parte kan [[Anti-komunismo|anti-komunista]]ng hiron na nagbungkaras sa [[Europang Subangan]] kan taon na idto. ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} [[Kategorya:Komunismo sa Europa]] 26u4eklgd280zm42jr842xomd2z5jqp 0 53108 290386 2025-07-02T00:12:39Z 2806:2F0:55C1:CC29:8C85:72C8:6316:8BEC Pinagmukna an pahina kaining "{{speciesbox |image = Dates005.jpg |image_alt = Date bunches on a palm |genus = Phoenix |species = dactylifera |authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]] |synonyms_ref = <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-152659|title=Phoenix dactylifera L. — The Plant List|website=www.theplantlist.org|access-date=12 June 2015|archive-date=17 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417123456/http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-..." 290386 wikitext text/x-wiki {{speciesbox |image = Dates005.jpg |image_alt = Date bunches on a palm |genus = Phoenix |species = dactylifera |authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]] |synonyms_ref = <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-152659|title=Phoenix dactylifera L. — The Plant List|website=www.theplantlist.org|access-date=12 June 2015|archive-date=17 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417123456/http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-152659|url-status=live}}</ref> |synonyms = * ''Palma dactylifera'' <small>(L.) Mill.</small> * ''Phoenix chevalieri'' <small>D.Rivera, S.Ríos & Obón</small> * ''Phoenix iberica'' <small>D.Rivera, S.Ríos & Obón</small> }} An '''datilero''' (''Phoenix dactilifera''), sarong klase nin [[Tinanom na namumurak|namumurak na tinanom]] sa pamilya nin palma na [[Arecaceae]], na pigkukultibar huli sa nakakakan na mahamis na bunga kaini na inaapod na palma. An species na ini lakop na pigkukultibar sa norteng Afrika, Tahaw na Sirangan, Horn of Africa, Australia, Sur na Asya, asin mga rehiyon nin disyerto kan Sur na California sa Estados Unidos. Ini naturalisado sa kadakol na tropikal asin subtropikal na rehiyon sa bilog na kinaban. An ''P. dactylifera'' iyo an klase nin species kan genus ''Phoenix'', na igwa nin 12-19 na species nin mga layas na palma. ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} {{stub}} 3ve7vlqgd5zzicjbhtsnsefvtiu3bvj 290392 290386 2025-07-02T01:01:20Z 2806:2F0:55C1:CC29:8C85:72C8:6316:8BEC 290392 wikitext text/x-wiki {{speciesbox |image = Dates005.jpg |image_alt = Date bunches on a palm |genus = Phoenix |species = dactylifera |authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]] |synonyms_ref = <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-152659|title=Phoenix dactylifera L. — The Plant List|website=www.theplantlist.org|access-date=12 June 2015|archive-date=17 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417123456/http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-152659|url-status=live}}</ref> |synonyms = * ''Palma dactylifera'' <small>(L.) Mill.</small> * ''Phoenix chevalieri'' <small>D.Rivera, S.Ríos & Obón</small> * ''Phoenix iberica'' <small>D.Rivera, S.Ríos & Obón</small> }} An '''datilero''' (''Phoenix dactylifera''), sarong klase nin [[Tinanom na namumurak|namumurak na tinanom]] sa pamilya nin palma na [[Arecaceae]], na pigkukultibar huli sa nakakakan na mahamis na bunga kaini na inaapod na palma. An species na ini lakop na pigkukultibar sa norteng Afrika, Tahaw na Sirangan, Horn of Africa, Australia, Sur na Asya, asin mga rehiyon nin disyerto kan Sur na California sa Estados Unidos. Ini naturalisado sa kadakol na tropikal asin subtropikal na rehiyon sa bilog na kinaban. An ''P. dactylifera'' iyo an klase nin species kan genus ''Phoenix'', na igwa nin 12-19 na species nin mga layas na palma. ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} {{stub}} kfvvvx84xc86yydirwpjea5kgfkpo8s 0 53109 290388 2025-07-02T00:21:48Z 2806:2F0:55C1:CC29:8C85:72C8:6316:8BEC Pinagmukna an pahina kaining "{{Speciesbox |image = Ricinus March 2010-1.jpg |image_caption = Leaves and inflorescence (male flowers below female flowers) |display_parents = 4 |genus = Ricinus (plant) |parent_authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]] |species = communis |authority = L. }} An '''higeriya''' (''Ricinus communis''), sarong species nin [[tinanom na namumurak]] sa pamilyang [[Euphorbiaceae]]. Ini an solong species sa genus ''Ricinus''. An ebolusyon kan higeriya asin an relasyon kaini s..." 290388 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Speciesbox |image = Ricinus March 2010-1.jpg |image_caption = Leaves and inflorescence (male flowers below female flowers) |display_parents = 4 |genus = Ricinus (plant) |parent_authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]] |species = communis |authority = L. }} An '''higeriya''' (''Ricinus communis''), sarong species nin [[tinanom na namumurak]] sa pamilyang [[Euphorbiaceae]]. Ini an solong species sa genus ''Ricinus''. An ebolusyon kan higeriya asin an relasyon kaini sa ibang mga klase pig-aadalan sa presente gamit an mga modernong kasangkapan sa henetiko. Ini nagdadakol sa paagi nin pinaghalo-halong sistema nin polinasyon na nagpapabor sa selfing sa paagi nin geitonogamy alagad sa parehong panahon pwedeng magin out-crosser sa paagi nin anemophily (polinasyon sa doros) o entomophily (polinasyon nin insekto). ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} {{stub}} nn1ypmyriwsnzsw5lzz06qef531glci 0 53110 290403 2025-07-02T05:33:04Z 2806:2F0:55C1:CC29:8C85:72C8:6316:8BEC Pinagmukna an pahina kaining "{{Automatic taxobox |name = Lemongrass |image = YosriNov04Pokok Serai.JPG |image_caption = ''[[Cymbopogon citratus]]'' |display_parents = 4 |taxon = Cymbopogon |authority = [[Kurt Sprengel|Spreng.]]<ref>Sprengel, Curt (Kurt, Curtius) Polycarp Joachim 1815. Plantarum Minus Cognitarum Pugillus 2: 14</ref> |type_species = ''[[Cymbopogon schoenanthus]]'' |type_species_authority = ([[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]) [[Kurt Sprengel|Spreng.]]<ref>lectotype designated by N.L. B..." 290403 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Automatic taxobox |name = Lemongrass |image = YosriNov04Pokok Serai.JPG |image_caption = ''[[Cymbopogon citratus]]'' |display_parents = 4 |taxon = Cymbopogon |authority = [[Kurt Sprengel|Spreng.]]<ref>Sprengel, Curt (Kurt, Curtius) Polycarp Joachim 1815. Plantarum Minus Cognitarum Pugillus 2: 14</ref> |type_species = ''[[Cymbopogon schoenanthus]]'' |type_species_authority = ([[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]) [[Kurt Sprengel|Spreng.]]<ref>lectotype designated by N.L. Britton & P. Wilson, Bot. Porto Rico 1: 27 (1923)</ref> |synonyms_ref = <ref name=y>{{Cite web|url=http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?name_id=451325|title=Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tropicos.org/Name/40019852|title=''Cymbopogon'' Spreng.|website=www.tropicos.org}}</ref> |synonyms = * ''Andropogon'' sect. ''Cymbopogon'' <small>(Spreng.) Steud.</small> * ''Andropogon'' subg. ''Cymbopogon'' <small>(Spreng.) Nees</small> * ''Gymnanthelia'' <small>Andersson</small> }} An '''''Cymbopogon''''', bisto man sa apod na '''lemongrass''', '''barbed wire grass''', '''silky heads''', '''oily heads''', '''Cochin grass''' , '''Malabar grass''' , '''citronella grass''' o '''fever grass''' , sarong genus nin mga [[tinanom]] asin tropikal na isla sa pamilya nin [[doot]]. An ibang species (partikularmente an ''Cymbopogon citratus'') komun na pigkukultibar bilang mga herba sa pagluto asin panbulong huli sa saindang hamot, na nakakaagid sa lemon (''Citrus limon''). An pangaran na ''Cymbopogon'' gikan sa mga [[tataramon na Griyego]] na ''kymbe'' (κύμβη, 'baroto') asin ''pogon'' (πώγων, 'barbas') "na an boot sabihon sa kadaklan na species, an mga barahibo na spikelets minaluwas sa mga spathes na korteng baroto. ==Mga species== {{Div col}} * ''[[Cymbopogon ambiguus]]'' (Australian lemon-scented grass) – Australia, Timor * ''[[Cymbopogon annamensis]]'' – Yunnan, Laos, Vietnam, Thailand * ''[[Cymbopogon bhutanicus]]'' – Bhutan * ''[[Cymbopogon bombycinus]]'' silky oilgrass – Australia * ''[[Cymbopogon caesius]]'' – Sub-Saharan Africa, Indian Subcontinent, Yemen, Afghanistan, Madagascar, [[Comoros]], [[Réunion]] * ''[[Cymbopogon calcicola]]'' – Thailand, [[Kedah]] * ''[[Cymbopogon calciphilus]]'' – Thailand * ''[[Cymbopogon cambogiensis]]'' – Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam * ''[[Cymbopogon citratus]]'' (lemon grass or West Indian lemon grass) – Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei, Philippines * ''[[Cymbopogon clandestinus]]'' – Thailand, Myanmar, [[Andaman Islands]] * ''[[Cymbopogon coloratus]]'' – [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[Tamil Nadu]], Myanmar, Vietnam * ''[[Cymbopogon commutatus]]'' – [[Sahel]], East Africa, Arabian Peninsula, Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan, India, Pakistan * ''[[Cymbopogon densiflorus]]'' – central + south-central Africa * ''[[Cymbopogon dependens]]'' – Australia * ''[[Cymbopogon dieterlenii]]'' – [[Lesotho]], Namibia, South Africa * ''[[Cymbopogon distans]]'' – [[Gansu]], [[Guizhou]], [[Shaanxi]], [[Sichuan]], Tibet, Yunnan, Nepal, northern Pakistan, Jammu & Kashmir * ''[[Cymbopogon exsertus]]'' – Nepal, Assam * ''[[Cymbopogon flexuosus]]'' (East Indian lemon grass) – Indian Subcontinent, Indochina * ''[[Cymbopogon gidarba]]'' – Indian Subcontinent, Myanmar, Yunnan * ''[[Cymbopogon giganteus]]'' – Africa, Madagascar * ''[[Cymbopogon globosus]]'' – [[Maluku (province)|Maluku]], New Guinea, Queensland * ''[[Cymbopogon goeringii]]'' – China, Korea, Japan incl Ryukyu Islands, Vietnam * ''[[Cymbopogon gratus]]'' – Queensland * ''[[Cymbopogon jwarancusa]]'' – [[Socotra]], Turkey, Middle East, Arabian Peninsula, Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan, Indian Subcontinent, Tibet, [[Sichuan]], [[Yunnan]], Vietnam * ''[[Cymbopogon khasianus]]'' – Yunnan, Guangxi, Assam, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Thailand * ''[[Cymbopogon liangshanensis]]'' – Sichuan * ''[[Cymbopogon mandalaiaensis]]'' – Myanmar * ''[[Cymbopogon marginatus]]'' – [[Cape Province]] of South Africa * ''[[Cymbopogon martinii|Cymbopogon martini]]'' (palmarosa) – Indian Subcontinent, Myanmar, Vietnam * ''[[Cymbopogon mekongensis]]'' – China, Indochina * ''[[Cymbopogon microstachys]]'' Indian Subcontinent, Myanmar, Thailand, Yunnan * ''[[Cymbopogon microthecus]]'' – Nepal, Bhutan, Assam, West Bengal, Bangladesh * ''[[Cymbopogon minor]]'' – Yunnan * ''[[Cymbopogon minutiflorus]]'' – Sulawesi * ''[[Cymbopogon nardus]]'' (citronella grass) – Indian Subcontinent, Indochina, central + southern Africa, Madagascar, [[Seychelles]] * ''[[Cymbopogon nervatus]]'' – Myanmar, Thailand, central Africa * ''[[Cymbopogon obtectus]]'' Silky-heads – Australia * ''[[Cymbopogon osmastonii]]'' – India, Bangladesh * ''[[Cymbopogon pendulus]]'' – Yunnan, eastern Himalayas, Myanmar, Vietnam * ''[[Cymbopogon polyneuros]]'' – Tamil Nadu, Sri Lanka, Myanmar * ''[[Cymbopogon pospischilii]]'' – eastern + southern Africa, Oman, Yemen, Himalayas, Tibet, Yunnan * ''[[Cymbopogon procerus]]'' – Australia, New Guinea, [[Maluku (province)|Maluku]], [[Lesser Sunda Islands]], Sulawesi * ''[[Cymbopogon pruinosus]]'' – islands of Indian Ocean * ''[[Cymbopogon queenslandicus]]'' – Queensland * ''[[Cymbopogon quinhonensis]]'' – Vietnam * ''[[Cymbopogon rectus]]'' – Lesser Sunda Islands, Java * ''[[Cymbopogon refractus]]'' (barbed wire grass) – Australia incl [[Norfolk Island]] * ''[[Cymbopogon schoenanthus]]'' (camel hay or camel grass) – Sahara, Sahel, eastern Africa, Arabian Peninsular, Iran * ''[[Cymbopogon tortilis]]'' – China incl Taiwan, [[Ryukyu Islands|Ryukyu]] + [[Bonin Islands|Bonin Is]], Philippines, Vietnam, [[Maluku (province)|Maluku]] * ''[[Cymbopogon tungmaiensis]]'' – Sichuan, Tibet, Yunnan * ''[[Cymbopogon winterianus]]'' (Java citronella, citronella grass) – Borneo, Java, Sumatra * ''[[Cymbopogon xichangensis]]'' – Sichuan {{Div col end}} ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} {{stub}} a1mdi3s0ggcoh0o38o3mn555pok3qao 0 53111 290405 2025-07-02T05:40:15Z 2806:2F0:55C1:CC29:8C85:72C8:6316:8BEC Pinagmukna an pahina kaining "{{Automatic taxobox | image = OrangeBloss wb.jpg | image_caption = [[orange (fruit)|Sweet orange]] (''Citrus × sinensis'' [[cultivar]]) | fossil_range = {{Geological Range|8|0|[[Tortonian]]–Present, 8–0 [[Megaannum|Ma]]|ref=<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Wu |first1=Guohong Albert |title=Genomics of the origin and evolution of Citrus |journal=Nature |date=7 February 2017 |volume=554 |issue=7692 |pages=311–316 |doi=10.1038/nature25447 |pmid=29414943 |bibcode=..." 290405 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Automatic taxobox | image = OrangeBloss wb.jpg | image_caption = [[orange (fruit)|Sweet orange]] (''Citrus × sinensis'' [[cultivar]]) | fossil_range = {{Geological Range|8|0|[[Tortonian]]–Present, 8–0 [[Megaannum|Ma]]|ref=<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Wu |first1=Guohong Albert |title=Genomics of the origin and evolution of Citrus |journal=Nature |date=7 February 2017 |volume=554 |issue=7692 |pages=311–316 |doi=10.1038/nature25447 |pmid=29414943 |bibcode=2018Natur.554..311W |s2cid=205263645 |doi-access=free|hdl=20.500.11939/5741 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>}} | taxon = Citrus | authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]] | subdivision_ranks = [[Species]] and [[Hybrid (biology)|hybrids]] | subdivision = Ancestral species:<br /> ''Citrus maxima'' – [[Pomelo]]<br /> ''Citrus medica'' – [[Citron]]<br /> ''Citrus reticulata'' – [[Mandarin orange]]<br /> ''[[Citrus micrantha]]'' – a [[Papeda (citrus)|papeda]]<br /> ''Citrus hystrix'' – [[Kaffir lime]]<br /> ''Citrus cavaleriei'' – [[Citrus cavaleriei|Ichang papeda]]<br /> ''Citrus japonica'' – [[Kumquat]] ---- Important hybrids:<br /> ''Citrus'' × ''aurantiifolia'' – [[Key lime]]<br /> ''Citrus'' × ''aurantium'' – [[Bitter orange]]<br /> ''Citrus'' × ''latifolia'' – [[Persian lime]]<br /> ''Citrus'' × ''limon'' – [[Lemon]]<br /> ''Citrus'' × ''limonia'' – [[Rangpur (fruit)|Rangpur]]<br /> ''Citrus'' × ''paradisi'' – [[Grapefruit]]<br /> ''Citrus'' × ''sinensis'' – [[Orange (fruit)|Sweet orange]]<br /> ''Citrus'' × ''tangerina'' – [[Tangerine]]<br /> See also [[List of citrus fruits]]. |synonyms = {{Genus list |Aurantium|Mill. |Citreum|Mill. |×Citrofortunella|J.W.Ingram & H.E.Moore |×Citroncirus|J.W.Ingram & H.E.Moore |Citrophorum|Neck. |Eremocitrus|Swingle |Feroniella|Swingle |Fortunella|Swingle |Limon|Mill. |Microcitrus|Swingle |Oxanthera|Montrouz. |Papeda|Hassk. |Pleurocitrus|Tanaka |Poncirus|Raf. |Pseudaegle|Miq. |Sarcodactilis|C.F.Gaertn. }} |synonyms_ref = <ref name="POWO_30022289-2">{{cite web |title=''Citrus'' L&period; |work=Plants of the World Online |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30022289-2 |access-date=2021-09-10}}</ref> }} An '''sitrus''' sarong genus nin mga [[namumurak]] na [[kahoy]] asin mga palungpong sa pamilyang [[Rutaceae]]. An mga tinanom sa genus nagpoprodusir nin mga prutas na sitrus, kabali an mga importanteng pananom arog kan mga [[kahel]], [[mandarin]], [[lemon]], [[pomelo]] asin [[apog]]. An sitrus naggikan sa Sur na Asya, Sirangan na Asya, Sur-subangan na Asya, Melanesia, asin Australia. An mga katutubo sa mga lugar na ini naggagamit asin nag-aataman nin manlaen-laen na klase nin hayop poon pa kan suanoy na mga panahon. An pagkultibar kaini enot na naglakop sa Micronesia asin Polinesia sa paagi kan pagpahiwas kan Austronesya (c. 3000–1500 BCE). Kan huri, ini nakalakop sa Tahaw na Sirangan asin Mediteraneo (mga 1200 BCE) sa paagi kan ruta nin komersyo nin insenso, asin hale sa Europa pasiring sa Amerika. ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} {{stub}} 3p8vfklql7kwsjrlqzgvgf8hzq1ar9p 2 53112 290423 2025-07-02T09:29:17Z Imperator Romanii 27829 Imperator Romanii pinagbalyo an pahina [[Paragamit:Imperator Romanii/Sandbox1]] pasiring sa [[Manuel Baldemor]]: Ready for publication 290423 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Manuel Baldemor]] d8scj23q0yx1dc3feszgnn0lodm22vg 290426 290423 2025-07-02T09:32:17Z Imperator Romanii 27829 Removed redirect to [[Manuel Baldemor]] 290426 wikitext text/x-wiki . . . 2xrhqipqbgiupej5uywpykhutjbj8rv 2 53113 290425 2025-07-02T09:30:42Z Imperator Romanii 27829 Imperator Romanii pinagbalyo an pahina [[Paragamit:Imperator Romanii/Sandbox2]] pasiring sa [[Mailah Baldemor]]: Ready for publication 290425 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Mailah Baldemor]] l1618zai5762nw7v4e73zzsfx5p9q9t 290427 290425 2025-07-02T09:32:48Z Imperator Romanii 27829 Removed redirect to [[Mailah Baldemor]] 290427 wikitext text/x-wiki . . . 2xrhqipqbgiupej5uywpykhutjbj8rv