Syudad nin Naga

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    <title>Syudad nin Naga</title>
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|official_name=Nueva Cáceres
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:''Para sa Syudad nin Naga sa Cebu, hilingon an [[Naga, Cebu]].''

An '''Syudad nin Naga''' ([[Ingles]]: ''City of Naga''; [[Filipino]]: ''Lungsod ng Naga'' o [[Spanish language|Espanyol]]: ''Ciudad de Nueva Cáceres'') sarong primera klaseng [[:Category:Mga ciudad kan Filipinas|syudad]] kan [[Filipinas]]. Namumugtak ini sa [[Rehiyon Bikol]] sa sur-sulnopan na puro kan [[Isla|isla]] nin [[Luzon]]. Nasa 377 km sa sur-sulnopan ini kan syudad kan [[Manila]] asin 380 km sa norte-subangan kan syudad kan [[Cebu (ciudad)|Cebu]] sa [[Visayas]].

Kun itatampad an sakop kan syudad sa ibang mga syudad kan rehiyon, bakong mahiwas an sukol nin kadagaan kaini. Sa pitong syudad igdi sa rehiyon, an Naga iyo an pinakasadit, na igwa sanang hiwas na 8,480 ektarya. Huli kaiyan ini an pinakasoròsoan (densely populated) na syudad sa rehiyon. An designadong zip code kaini iyo  {{PH wikidata|postal_code}}. &lt;br&gt;
Sosog sa sensus kan {{wikidata|qualifier|single|P1082|P585}}, igwa ining {{PH wikidata|population_total}} katawong nag-eerok digdi sa {{PH wikidata|household}} kaharongan. &lt;br&gt;

Igwa ining sukol na {{PH wikidata|area}} kilometro kwadrado. Bisto sa apod na &quot;Heart of Bicol&quot; ([[Bikol]]: ''Puso kan Bikol''), asin siring man, binabansagan ining &quot;An Maogmang Lugar&quot;. Ini an solamenteng independienteng syudad asin an sentro kan edukasyon sagkod Simbahan na Katoliko sa rehiyon. An mga residente digdi inaapod na ''Nagueños''. Inaapod man ang Naga na ''Queen City of Bicol''.

An syudad an sentro kan [[Metro Naga]], an lugar na komponido kan 12 banwaan asin syudad nin Naga na marikas an pag-uswag na kabali sa Metro Naga Development Council. Komponido kan mga banwaan sa Segundo Distrito kan Camarines Sur, apwera kan [[Canaman, Camarines Sur|Canaman]] asin mga banwaan sa tul.

Dating kabesera kan Camarines Sur an syudad nin Naga, alagad sa Akta Republika Nu. 1336, na nagin ley kan Hunyo 8, 1955, naribayan ini kan banwaan nin [[Pili]].

Si [[Nelson Legacion|Leni Robredo]], an dating bise-presidente iyo an presenteng alkalde kan syudad nin Naga. Saiyang sinalidahan si [[John Bongat|Nelson Legacion]] taon 2025.

==Napanongdan na gamit kan kahiwasan kan syudad==

An kabilogan na hiwas kan kadagaan kan syudad na ini 8,448 na ektarya o 84.48 kilometro kwadrado, bagay na an syudad nin Naga iyo an pinakasadit na syudad sa pitong syudad kan ronang Bikol&lt;ref&gt;http://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/default.asp {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120413163013/http://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/default.asp |date=2012-04-13 }} Kinua 03-9-16&lt;/ref&gt;. Sa total na ini, 75% ginagamit sa agrikultura, 13% para sa residensya, 7% okupado nin kadlagan asin mga parke, 2% gamit komersyal, 2% gamit kan gobyerno para sa mga edipisyo, asin 1.2% para sa ibang pang katuyohan.&lt;ref&gt;http://www.adnu.edu.ph/Centers/SSRC/nagaprofile.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160416160341/http://www.adnu.edu.ph/Centers/SSRC/nagaprofile.html |date=2016-04-16 }} Kinua 03-9-16&lt;/ref&gt;

==Komersyo==

[[Ladawan:Naga City CamSur Seal.svg|thumb|left|Selyo kan syudad nin Naga]]

[[Ladawan:WTNaga HIJAB B19.JPG|thumb|right|300px|Paroko ni San Juan de Evangelista o mas bisto sa ngaran na Metropolitan Cathedral]]
[[Ladawan:WTNaga HIJAB A21.JPG|right|thumb|300px|Peñafrancia Parish. An Dating Santuario ni Ina, Nuestra Señora de Peñafrancia]]
[[Ladawan:WTNaga HIJAB B31.JPG|right|thumb|300px|Simbahan ni San Francisco]]
[[Ladawan:Rizal Park, Naga City.jpg|right|thumb|300px|Rizal Park]]
[[File:Claveria visit to NC Feb 16 1845.jpg|thumb|300px|Pagbisita ni Gobernador Heneral Narciso Claveria y Zaldua kan Peb. 16, 1845 sa Nueva Caceres (pintura ni Jose Honorato Lozano)]]
[[File:Banwaan nin Naga, Camarines Sur, Filipinas 1935.png|right|300px|thumb|Pagtanaw kan Naga (Camarines Sur), eroplano haleng Milaor, 1935]]
Igwang duwang pangenot na lugar pangkomersiyo an Naga. Ini an Central Business District I (bisto sa apod na Centro) asin Central Business District II.

Sa CBD I igwa nin manlalaen na negosyo arog kan mga bangko, botika, restaurants, department stores asin iba pa. Yaon man igdi an Naga City Public Market na bakalan kan mga preskong gulay, karne, asin mga produktong Bikolnon arog kan pili asin abaka.

An CBD II na yaon sa may Triangulo asin Lerma mahihiling an Bicol Central Station na nag-ooperar nin mga biyahe pasiring sa mga kataraid na munisipyo asin siyudad pati man an mga biyaheng paduman sa Manila. Yaon man digdi an Jesse Robredo Coliseum na an ikaduwang pinakadakulang coliseum sa Pilipinas pagkatapos kan Smart Araneta Coliseum.

Kan Mayo 1, 2009 lang tigbukasan sa publiko an kakatugdok lang na SM City Naga na sarong mall. Ini kagsadiri ni [[Henry Sy]], sarong negosyante na iyo man an may sadiri nin gabos na SM Malls sa bilog na nasyon.

==Transportasyon==
An mga paagi nin transportasyon sa laog kan siyudad iyo an pamosong Jeep, tricycle asin padyak.

Mientras, an mga bisita asin turista hali sa luwas kan siyudad, pwedeng makaabot sa Naga sa paagi nin bus, jeep, van/fx, asin eroplano (sa Naga Airport sa Pili).

==Edukasyon==
An siyudad nin Naga iyo an sentro kan edukasyon sa Bikol nin huli sa dakol na institusyon nin halangkaw na pagkanood digdi. Kabali an: [[Ateneo de Naga na Unibersidad]] na pinapadalagan kan mga Heswita; [[Unibersidad kan Nueva Caceres]] (dating Nueva Caceres an apod sa siyudad kan panahon nin mga Kastila) na pangenot na unibersidad sa taon nin pagkamukna asin bilang kan estudyante; sagkod [[Universidad de Santa Isabel]] na pinapadalagan kan mga madre kan Daughters of Charity asin an pinakágurang na eskwelahan na normal para sa mga babae sa [[Harayong Subangan]].

An posibleng ikaapat na unibersidad kan siyudad an [[Kolehiyong Fundasyon nin Naga]] na pangenot na eskwelahan nin Kriminolohiya sa rehiyon.

==Uusipon==
Bago an pag-abot kan mga Kastila, mayaman na lugar na an dating banwa kan Naga na namukna sa duwang salog---Bikol asin Naga. Igwa na ining mayaman na kultura asin mga matibay na armas. Sa panahon kan mga Kastila an Naga an nagin sentro kan kultura, negosyo asin relihiyon kan enterong kabikulan. 

An pangaran daa kan Naga hale sa pagdangog nin sarong konkistador na Kastila, si [[Juan de Salcedo]] sa ngaran kan sarong kahoy na pigaapud na '''naga''' kaidtong mga Bikolano. Midbid an kahoy na ini sa ngaran na ''narra'' sa tataramon na [[Tagalog]] asin [[Bisaya]]. Alagad, an ibang mga Bikolanong historyador arog ki [[Danilo Gerona]] nagtutubod na an taramon na '''naga''' naggikan sa taramon na ''naga'' na nagtotomoy sa sarong lahing kapu'ngalan na Monggol na ngonyan iyo an ginikanan kan mga katawohan nageerok sa [[Assam]], [[Meghalalya]], [[Tripiera]], [[Mizoran]], [[Maripur]], [[Arunachal]], [[Pradesh]], [[Burma]], [[Bangladesh]], [[Bhutan]], [[Sikkim]], [[Nepal]] asin [[Tibet]]. Susog man saiya, an paragilid kan duwang salog kan Bikol asin Naga haloy nang eneerokan poon pa kan 900 A.D. siring sa maririraw sa mga parasâ-pasang artifaks na nagkahoronggad sa paralibot kaini. Sabi pa niya, an taramon na ''naga'' lakop man sa mga lengguwahe kan [[Batak]] kan [[Sumatra]] asin man kan mga [[Dayak]] kan [[Borneo]] na an pakahulogan sarong irago (serpente)/dragon. Nasambit pa niya na an mga lunadang pandagat kan mga antigong Tagalog asin Pampango na may nakakaag nin garo halas/dragon na payo sa dulong (prowa) kan mga lunadan na inaapod nindang ''naga''.
[[File:Lignum nephriticum - cup of Philippine lignum nephriticum, Pterocarpus indicus, and flask containing its fluorescent solution Hi.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Kopa gibo sa kahoy na naga (narra), produkto kan Naga panahon pre-kolonyal asin kan panahon nin Kastila]]
Dapit kaini, na an &quot;naga&quot; sinapi' talaga sa pangaran na ''naga'' na boot sabihon ''irago/halas'' o ''dragon'',&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=An halas na naga hinanap sa Thailand. Kinua 07-11-13 |url=http://www.forteantimes.com/features/articles/221/in_the_coils_of_the_naga.html |access-date=2013-11-06 |archive-date=2013-11-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131108012419/http://www.forteantimes.com/features/articles/221/in_the_coils_of_the_naga.html |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; na bakong gikan sa pangaran kan kahoy na ''narra'' o sa layas na itik na nagâ, iyo man ini an tinotolod na teoriya kan iba pang mga parasurat arog ki Antonio H. Aragon.

An Naga sarô sa pinaká enot na ginibong siyudad kan mga Kastila sa enterong Filipinas. Sa taon na 1575 an Siyudad de Caceres tinogdas bilang orihinal na erokan kan mga Kastilang eksplorador manta sa ibong kan salog sa parte na ngonyan kan Lerma asin  Dayangdang iyo an orihinal man na lugar kan mga tunay na taga-Naga. Sa pagtalubo kan duwang lugar nagsinakniban na an duwa asin an  kahiwasan naapod nang Nueva Caceres. Pag'abot kan mga Amerikano, nawara an pagkasiyudad kaini asin binalik an saiyang ngaran sa Naga sa taon na 1919. Kan Hunyo 18, 1948 naging 

==Mga Lingaan asin mga Pahingaloan==

Digdi sa Naga, dakulon na an mga linga-lingaan. Nakataraytay sa kalabaan kan Abenidang Magsaysay an manlaenlaen na mga kakanan, kapihan, inom-inoman, asin iba pa na nagtataong kaalingan sa mga taga-Naga kun banggi orog na kun tapos na an semana nin paglapigot sa trabaho.

Yaon diyan an Avenue Square na pano sa mga puwestong inuman, kakanan, kakanan na may tugtugan, asin mga tindahan: Wok Restaurant (kakanan), Coffee Beanery (kapihan), Little Asia (kakanan/inuman), Max's Restaurant (kakanan kan bantog na Max Fried Chicken), Lady Crab (bantog sa seafood orog na an aniit). Digdi laen kan mga lingaan, may mga tindahan man arog kan Mercury Drugstore, sa cellphones, mga bags, sapatos, arak asin kun anu-ano pa.

Sa enotang wala kaini iyo an Chili Peppers, sarong inom-inoman asin binibistong nagpuon na nagkaag nin siring na negosyo sa tinampong ini. Sarong bagong tugdok iyo an Westpark Avenue kun saen nakakaag an Tokyo Tokyo!, an Dennis Grill, KopiRoti, Bacolod Inasal, asin iba pa. Yaon man naglugar sa tinampong ini an Red Platter, sarong may '''ambiance'' na restaurant pan-pamilya.
An sunod iyo an Starbucks (kapihan), Bistro Roberto (resto bar asin may banda), Ilaw sa Dahon (resto, inuman), Kambingan (inuman, kakanan, bantog sa sisig), Bob Marlin (kakanan/inuman), asin gulping kakanan na Koreano.

Sa tahaw kan sentro, sa kataid sana kan Plaza Quezon iyo an Rizal Park. Mientras, mahayahay kuta ini na paro-pahingaloan kan mga gustong magpalihis-oras alagad sa may mga bulan na ginibo na ining merkado asin lungalong nin kun anu-anong paninda. Maski may mga nagrereklamo, dai ini mapakiaraman kan administrasyon kan siyudad nin huli ta ini sinasabing pagsasadiri kan gobyerno probinsiyal.

== Mga barangay ==
{{Wide image|Ph fil naga camarines sur.png|1024px|3=&lt;div align=center&gt;'''Naga'''&lt;/div&gt;|dir=rtl}}
May 27 na mga [[barangay]] an Naga:

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|-
! Mga barangay
! Klase
! Populasyon&lt;ref name=NSO10&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov.ph/sites/default/files/attachments/hsd/pressrelease/Bicol.pdf |title=Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay: as of May 1, 2010 |work=2010 Census of Population and Housing |publisher=Philippine Statistics Authority |accessdate=January 7, 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121119074307/http://www.census.gov.ph/sites/default/files/attachments/hsd/pressrelease/Bicol.pdf |archivedate=November 19, 2012 |df= }}&lt;/ref&gt;
! Kapitan&lt;ref name=&quot;NagaBarangayOfficials&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Barangay Officials 2010 |url=http://naga.gov.ph/experience-naga/elected-officials/barangay-official-2010/ |website=Naga City |access-date=April 4, 2019 |archive-date=April 4, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190404101615/http://naga.gov.ph/experience-naga/elected-officials/barangay-official-2010/ |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|  Abella
|  Urban
|  4,788
|  Antonio Berja
|-
| Bagumbayan Norte
| Urban
| 2,991
| Dodit Beltran
|-
| Bagumbayan Sur
| Urban
| 6,959
| Jorge I. Salva Jr.
|-
| Balatas
| Urban
| 10,404
| Pedro San Juan Jr.
|-
| Calauag
| Urban
| 11,513
| Corazon Peñaflor
|-
| Cararayan
| Urban
| 15,998
|Rodrigo B. Agravante Jr.
|-
| Carolina
| Urban
| 5,841
| Alicia V. Saba
|-
| Concepcion Grande
| Urban
| 11,137
| Leticia Punzalan
|-
| Concepcion Pequeña
| Urban
| 23,577
| Andres Panis
|-
| Dayangdang
| Urban
| 4,568
| Joshua Calleja
|-
| Del Rosario
| Urban
| 9,332
| Gina Alcantara
|-
| Dinaga
| Urban
| 456
| Gemma Joy Antonio
|-
| Igualdad Interior
| Urban
| 3,379
| Domingo Alamer
|-
| Lerma
| Urban
| 2,337
| Domingo Serrado
|-
| Liboton
| Urban
| 3,075
| Salvadora Ortua
|-
| Mabolo
| Urban
| 7,611
| Magno Reyes
|-
| Pacol
| Urban
| 11,673
| Josue Perez
|-
| Panicuason
| Urban
| 2,715
| Domingo Ramos
|-
| Peñafrancia
| Urban
| 5,712
| Jeffrey Moralde
|-
| Sabang
| Urban
| 7,000
| Cyrus Caballero
|-
| San Felipe
| Urban
| 17,444
| Alfonso Rodriguez
|-
| San Francisco
| Urban
| 947
| Tomas Ramon Sanchez Jr.
|-
| San Isidro
| Urban
| 2,768
| Veronica C. Panganiban
|-
| Santa Cruz
| Urban
| 7,442
| Lorenzo D. Narvaez
|-
| Tabuco
| Urban
| 4,129
| Marcelo R. Bagadiong
|-
| Tinago
| Urban
| 3,268
| Jose Importante
|-
| Triangulo
| Urban
| 9,019
| Allan Beriso
|}

== Demograpiko ==
{{Populasyon}}
==Mga Medya==
===Mga Telebisyon===
*DWAI-TV (GMA TV-7 Naga) 
*DWPV-TV (ALLTV 11 Naga)

===Mga Radyo===
*[[DWRB-AM]] Radyo ng Bayan 549 kHz (Philippine Broadcasting Service)
*[[DWLV-AM]] 603 kHz ([[Bicol Broadcasting System]])
*[[DWRN]] 657 kHz
*[[DZLW]] 711 kHz
*[[DZHY|DZHY-AM Dating DWNW 756 kHz Radyo Komentaryo]] (Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation)
*[[DZGE]] 855 kHz (Filipinas Broadcasting Network)
*[[Asintado News Radyo|Asintado News Radyo Naga]] (DZOV Mga Dating [[DWHQ-AM]]) 891 kHz (Audiovisual Communicators, Inc./Margo Management and Consultancy Services, Inc.) 
*[[DWMT|Aksyon Radyo 981 kHz]] (DWMT; Philippine Broadcasting Corporation) 
*[[DZNG]] 1044 kHz
*[[DWAI-AM]] 1170 kHz (RGMA Network, Inc.)
*[[DZIF]] 1143 kHz (Crusaders Broadcasting System)
*[[DZHN]] 1296 kHz (Radio Mindanao Network)
*[[DZDV]] 1341 kHz ([[Mareco Broadcasting Network]])
*[[DWAA-AM]] Aksyon Radyo 1359 kHz (ABS-CBN Corporation)
*[[DWHN-AM]] 1467 kHz (Audiovisual Communicators, Inc./Alpha Omega Broadcasting Corporation)
*[[DZCO]] 1521 kHz (Audiovisual Communicators, Inc. asin LCA Broadcasting Productions pagsasadiri kan [[Leonida Abrazado]]) (TBD)
*[[DZON]] 1611 kHz ([[Radio Mindanao Network]]) (TBD)

*[[DZHO-FM|Radyo Kristo 93.5 DZHO]] (Far East Broadcasting Company)
*[[DWOY|DWOY Radyo Radyo 94.3]] (Audiovisual Communicators, Inc./Atenio de Naga University) 
*[[DZRB-FM|95.9 Radyo Kasado]] (Audiovisual Communicators, Inc./Darian Pharmaceutical Distributor)
*[[DWSV|100.7 Radyo Asintado]] (Audiovisual Communicators, Inc./Asintado News)
*[[DZTN]] 102.3 MHz (Audiovisual Communicators, Inc.) 
*[[DWMW]] 107.9 MHz (Mabuhay Broadcasting System, Inc.) 

[[File:Naga 1935 skyview photo nkaag sa Wikipedia pinaputi cropped2.jpg|thumb|center|800px|Pagta'naw sa kalangitan kan Naga, Camarines Sur, Filipinas, 1935]]

==Kataytayan nin mga retrato==
&lt;center&gt;&lt;gallery&gt;
Ladawan:WTNaga EURO B45.JPG|An lumang Centro
Ladawan:WTNaga EURO B40a.JPG|Merkado Publiko
Ladawan:Plasa Quezon Naga City(Bicol).jpg|Plasa Quezon, Syudad nin Naga,  2017
Ladawan:WTNaga BAHALANA A41.JPG|Bicol Indian Sikh Temple
Ladawan:WTNaga EURO A33.JPG|Avenue Square
Ladawan:WTNaga LAPANAK C37.JPG|Simbahan kan Paroko ni Imaculada Concepcion
Ladawan:Naga city hall.JPG|City Hall kan Ciudad nin Naga
Ladawan:WTNaga EURO B46.JPG|Templo nin Taoismo
Ladawan:St jude naga city.JPG|Santuario asin Parokya ni San Judas Tadeo
Ladawan:WTNaga STAR X1.jpg|CBD Terminal
Ladawan:WTNaga BAHALANA A34.JPG|Avenue Plaza Hotel
Ladawan:WTNaga LAPANAK C31.JPG|Villa Caceres Hotel
Ladawan:WTNaga LAPANAK C45.JPG|STI Naga
Ladawan:WTNaga LAPANAK C43.JPG|Bangko Sentral kan Pilipinas
Ladawan:Inarihan Farm Resort 7.jpg|Dalan sa Inarihan Farm
Ladawan:Big Stone.jpg|Big Stone
Ladawan:Inarihan Farm Resort 3.jpg|Salog sa Inarihan
Ladawan:Malabsay Falls.jpg|Busay Malabsay, Bukid Isarog, Panicuason
&lt;/gallery&gt;&lt;/center&gt;

==Mga Gikan==
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:80%&quot;&gt;
* Naga: The Birth and Rebirth of a City. Danilo Madrid Gerona. Pinublikar kan Siyudad nin Naga. 2003.178 p.
* CAMARINES by the Vicor River. A compilation of Articles On Bikol History and Culture. 1999. Prov. Govt. of Camarines Sur. 282 p. 
*An retrato kan Parke ni Rizal kinua kan nabakante sa mga tindahan kan Oktobre, 2008.
&lt;/div&gt;
== Toltolan ==
{{reflist}}

==Mga Peryodiko Lokal==
*[http://www.kaiba.cjb.net/ Kaiba News and Features, KNF] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090211174144/http://kaiba.cjb.net/ |date=2009-02-11 }}
*[http://serbisyongbikolnon.ph/ Bikol Reporter] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210307141939/http://serbisyongbikolnon.ph/ |date=2021-03-07 }} (May pitak nakasurat sa Bikol)
* Bicol Mail [https://www.bicolmail.net/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230322055205/https://www.bicolmail.net/ |date=2023-03-22 }} (May pitak nakasurat sa Bikol)
*[http://www.voxbikol.com Vox Bikol] (Nagaako nin mga Artikulo nakasurat sa Bikol)
* Bicol Standard [https://www.facebook.com/bicolstandardnewspaper/]
*[[Bicol Forum]]
*[[Lagpitaw]]

== Mga panluwas na takod ==
{{Commons category}}
{{Wikivoyage|Naga}}
* [https://www.philatlas.com/ PhilAtlas.com]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120413163013/http://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/default.asp Philippine Standard Geographic Code]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20161010201809/http://www.blgs.gov.ph/lgpmsv2/cmshome/index.php?pageID=23 Local Governance Performance Management System]
*[http://www.naga.gov.ph/ Opisyal na Website kan Siyudad nin Naga]
*[http://www.camarinessur.gov.ph/ Opisyal na Website kan Probinsiya nin Camarines Sur]
*[http://www.adnu.edu.ph/ Opisyal na Website kan Ateneo de Naga University]
*[http://www.unc.edu.ph/ Opisyal na Website kan University of Nueva Caceres]
*[http://www.usi.edu.ph/ Opisyal na Website kan Universidad de Sta. Isabel]
*[http://www.ncf.edu.ph/ Opisyal na Website kan Naga College Foundation]
*[http://www.wowphilippines.com.ph/explore_phil/place_details.asp?content=history&amp;province=28/ WowPhilippines.com]{{Dead link|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

{{rambong}}
{{Navbox Camarines Sur}}
[[Kategorya:Mga syudad kan Filipinas]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Manuel Roxas</title>
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      <text bytes="7766" sha1="bc5dhio7zqvr21nr2mq8xnfsp3k0jb7" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Officeholder
|honorific-prefix=[[Excellency|His Excellency]]
|name          = Manuel A. Roxas
|image         = Manuel A Roxas.jpg
|office        = [[List of Presidents of the Philippines|5th]] [[President of the Philippines]]
|vicepresident = Elpidio Quirino
|term_start    = May 28, 1946
|term_end      = April 15, 1948
|predecessor   = [[Sergio Osmeña]]
|successor     = [[Elpidio Quirino]]
|office2        = [[Senate President of the Philippines#List of Senate Presidents|2nd]] [[President of the Senate of the Philippines]]
|president2    = [[Sergio Osmeña]]
|term_start2    = July 9, 1945
|term_end2      = May 25, 1946
|predecessor2  = [[Manuel L. Quezon]]
|successor2     = [[José Avelino]]
|office3       = [[Senator of the Philippines]]
|term_start3   = July 9, 1945
|term_end3     = May 25, 1946
|office4       = [[Secretary of Finance (Philippines)|Secretary of Finance]]
|term_start4   = August 21, 1941
|term_end4     = December 29, 1941
|president4    = [[Manuel L. Quezon]]
|predecessor4  = [[Antonio de Las Alas]]
|successor4     = [[Serafin Marabut]]
|office5        = [[Speaker of the Philippine House of Representatives#List of Speakers|2nd]] [[Speaker of the Philippine House of Representatives]]
|term_start5    = 1922
|term_end5      = 1933
|predecessor5  = [[Sergio Osmeña]]
|successor5     = [[Quintin Paredes]]
|office6      = Member of the [[House of Representatives of the Philippines|Philippine House of Representatives]] from [[Capiz]]' [[Legislative districts of Capiz#1st District|1st District]]
|term_start6   = 1921
|term_end6    = 1938
|predecessor6  = Antonio Habana
|successor6    = Ramon A. Arnaldo
|office7       = [[Capiz|Governor of Capiz]]
|term_start7   = 1919
|term_end7     = 1921
|predecessor7  = 
|successor7    = 
|birth_name    = Manuel Róxas Acuña
|birth_date    = {{birth date|1892|1|1}}
|birth_place   = [[Roxas, Capiz|Capiz]] &lt;small&gt;(now Roxas City)&lt;/small&gt;, [[Capiz|Capiz Province]], [[Spanish Empire|Captaincy General of the Philippines]]
|death_date    = {{death date and age|1948|4|15|1892|1|1}}
|death_place   = [[Clark Air Base]], Philippines
|death_cause = [[Heart attack]] 
|resting_place = [[Manila North Cemetery]], [[Santa Cruz, Manila]], Philippines
|party         = [[Liberal Party (Philippines)|Liberal Party]] &lt;small&gt;(1945–1948)&lt;/small&gt;
|otherparty    = [[Nacionalista Party]] (Before 1945)
|profession    = [[Lawyer]], [[Soldier]]
|spouse        = [[Trinidad Roxas|Trinidad de Leon]]
|children      = [[Gerardo Roxas]]&lt;br&gt;Ruby Roxas
|religion      = Roman Catholicism
|alma_mater    = [[University of Manila]]&lt;br /&gt;[[University of the Philippines College of Law]]
|signature     = Manuel Roxas autograph.svg
&lt;!--Military service--&gt;
|nickname      = 
|allegiance    = {{flag|Philippines|1936}}&lt;!---Flag at the time of service---&gt;
|branch        = [[Philippine Commonwealth Army]]
|serviceyears  = 1941–1945
|rank          = 
|unit          = 
|commands      = 
|battles       = [[World War II]] &lt;br /&gt; * [[Japanese occupation of the Philippines|Japanese Occupation of the Philippines (1942–1945)]] &lt;br /&gt; * [[Philippines campaign (1944-45)|Philippines Campaign (1944–1945)]] 
|awards        =
}}
Si '''Mamuel Acuña Roxas''' ([[Enero 1|1 Enero]] [[1892]] - [[Abril 15|15 Abril]] [[1948]]) enot na [[presidente kan Filipinas|presidente]] kan independienteng [[Filipinas|Republika kan Filipinas]] (1946-1948). Dai niya natapos an turno niya ta nagadan sa atake sa puso.

== Kaamayan kan Buhay asin Karera ==

Namundag si Manuel Roxas sa [[Capiz, Capiz]] ki Rosario Acuña. An ama niyang si Gerardo nagadan kan binabados pa sana siya. Igwa siya nin duwang tugang, si Mamerto asin Milagros. Siya may dugong Basque-Kastila, dugong Intsik, asin dugong Mehikano. 

An napangagom niya iyo si Trinidad R. de Leon kan [[Bulacan]] asin nagkaigwa sinda nin duwang aki: si Ma. Rosario &quot;Ruby&quot;, na an naagom si Vicente Roxas asin si Gerardo &quot;Gerry&quot; Roxas, naagom si Judy Araneta.

Siya nagadal sa [[Unibersidad kan Manila]] dangan nagkua siya kan abogasiya sa [[Unibersidad kan Filipinas]] asin kan nagkua siya nin eksamen sa pagkaabogado, nakamit niya an primer na pwesto. Nabuntog siya tolos sa lantad nin pulitika asin sa serbisyo sa gobyerno na nagpoon kan siya nagin piskal sa probinsya kan Capiz. Kan 1921 nagin siyang Kongresista. Sunod tolos na taon nagin Tagataram kan Kamara.

Kan maitindog an ''Philippine Commonwealth'', siya nagin myembro sa Asamblea Nasyonal. Siya man nagsirbe komo Secretary of Finance (1938-1941) sa gabinete ni Presidente [[Manuel Quezon]]. Nabotohan man siya sa Senado alagad dai nakatukaw tolos huli kan pagbungkaras kan Ika-2 Pangkinaban na Guerra.

Huli ta myembro siya sa Reserve sa Pwersa Armada, bago kan guerra, ginibo siyang ''liaison officer'' sa pagtangaan kan Gobyernong Commonwealth asin kan kwartel ni Hen. [[Douglas MacArthur]] kan Pwersa Armada sa Harayong Subangan kan Estados Unidos.

Kaiba siya ni Pres. [[Manuel Quezon]] sa Corregidor kun saen pinatunaw ninda an kwartang Pilipinas dai lang mahulog sa kamot nin mga Hapon. Kan magsuwayan sinda Quezon, siya nagpaMindanao. Bago nagpaamerika si Quezon, pinagdesignar siyang Executive Secretary asin taga-salida ki Quezon asin Osmeña kun an duwa magadan sabay o madakop man na dungan.

Alagad si Roxas natoklo (1942) kan mga Hapon asin pakalihis nin periodo pagkapreso, dinara siya sa Manila asin pirit pinamirma saiya an promulgasyon kan Konstitusyon na pinasar kan mga Hapon sa pagtogdas kan saindang pig-amaan na Republika. Siya ginibong responsable sa polisya sa ekonomiya sa lindong kan gobyerno ni [[Jose Laurel]]. Kan oras man na idto nagsirbe siya komo ''intelligence agent'' kan mga Pilipinong gerilya. Nag-ngata' man kuta siya makadulag asin makabalyo sa teritoryo kan mga Alyado alagad dai siya naka-asba. An nagbalik na pwersa kan mga Amerikano dinakop siya komo ''Japanese collaborator''.

Pakatapos kan guerra, si [[Douglas MacArthur]] sinurog siya asin ibinalik saiya an komisyon komo opisyal kan Pwersa Armada kan Amerika. Ano pa, igdi nabuhay liwat an karera niya sa pulitika.

Kan an Kongreso pinagtipon kan 1945, si mga lehislador na na-elihir kan 1941 ginibo siyang Pamayo kan Senado. Sa eleksyon nasyonal igdi sa Filipinas na ginibo kan 1946, siya nagdalagan sa pagka-presidente na suportado ni MacArthur asin iyo an nominado kan mga liberal na grupo sa laog kan [[Partido Nacionalista]]. Si [[Sergio Osmeña]] an saiyang kalaban na, sabihon pa, habo magkampanya ta aram daa kan enterong banwaan an serbisyo niyang magayon. Naripol ni Roxas an 54 porsyento kan boto asin mayoriya kan tukawan sa Kongreso nakua kan mga myembro kan [[Partido Liberal]]. Kan an Estados Unidos itinao na sa Filipinas an saiyang independisya, petsa July 4, 1946, si Roxas an nagin enot na presidente kaining bagong republika.

== An Pagtukaw Niya sa Pagka-presidente ==

Kan siya na an presidente, taon 1948, tinawan niyang amnestiya an gabos na arestado komo kolaborador kan mga Hapon, maliban sana duman sa mga nakakumitir nin mga krimen na violento. Alagad, igdi sa panahon niya nagpoon nang magin problema an [[Hukbalahap]] na an lider iyo si [[Luis Taruc]].

Nagadan siya bigla kan Abril 15, 1948 sa edad na 56, kan siya nagdidiskurso duman sa [[Clark Air Base]] sa [[Angeles City]] huli sa makuring atake sa puso.

== Mga panluwas na takod ==
* A Country Study, Philippines [https://web.archive.org/web/20130214201349/http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/phtoc.html]
* Philippines Archipelago: Manuel Roxas [http://philippines-archipelago.com/people/presidents/manuel_roxas.html]

== Toltolan ==
* Zaide, Gregorio F. (1984). Philippine History and Government. National Bookstore Printing Press.

{{poon}}
{{Presidente kan Filipinas}}

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  <page>
    <title>Kim Young-sam</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="2346" sha1="6tzkz1sxxx7ehqe8tfr7xnxkk7f43rc" xml:space="preserve">[[ladawan:Kim Young Sam 1996.png|right|thumb|250px|Si Kim Young-sam]]

Si '''Kim Young-sam''' (hangul: 김영삼, hanja: 金泳三, surat romano: Gim Yeongsam, McCune-Reischauer: Kim Yǒngsam) (namundag [[Desyembre 20]], [[1927]]) sarong Koreanong pulitiko, sarong aktibistang demokratiko, asin siya iyo an nagin ika-14 Presidente kan [[South Korea|Korea na Sur]] poon 1993 sundo 1998. Siya an lataw na maray na pigura sa oposisyon mala ta haros 30 taon poon 1961 siya nakipagtusay sa mga diktadurang rehimen na [[Park Chung-hee]] asin ni [[Chun Doo-hwan]].


Si Kim napiling presidente kan 1962, an pinakaenot na sibilyan na nagkapot poder bilang presidente sa laog nin 30 taon. Nagsirbe siya nin sarong 5-taon na termino asin sa panahon na ini namoon siya sa maigot na kampanya laban sa korupsyon. Resulta kaini an duwang nagtukaw na enot bilang presidente naaresto sa kargong korupsyon . An administrasyon niya nagtolod man kan programang inaapod ''Segyehwa'' na igdi nagtaong doon sa mga internal na problema kan [[Sur nin Korea]]. 
[[File:Kim young sam marriage.jpg|right|200px|thumb|Pag aguman ninda Kim Young-sam asin [[Son Myung-soon]] (1951)]]
== Mga panluwas na takod==
* [http://www.kysarchives.or.kr/ Kim Young-sam Memorial](Korea)
* [http://100.naver.com/100.nhn?docid=31634 Kim Young-sam]{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}(Korea)
* [http://www.kysarchives.or.kr/ Kim Young-Sam Memorial Museum]
* [http://www.rokps.or.kr/profile_result_ok.asp?num=543 Kim Young-Sam, Hunjunghwe]{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151122184907/http://www.rokps.or.kr/profile_result_ok.asp?num=543 |date=2015-11-22 }}
* [http://www.nndb.com/people/462/000111129 N.N.D.b. (Notable Names Database) - Kim Young-sam]
* [http://www.mofa.gov.tw/webapp/content.asp?cuItem=25192&amp;mp=6 Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Rep. of China - H.E Young-sam, Kim, Former Pres. of the Rep. of Korea and his delegation arrived in Taiwan]
* [http://www.britannica.com/ebi/article-9311995 Britannia Student Encyclopedia - Kim Young-sam]
* [http://www.yssasamo.com/ YS-Sasamo:Kim Young-Sam Fan Club]
* [http://www.minjukorea.com/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111123081850/http://www.minjukorea.com/ |date=2011-11-23 }} minjukorea:Kim Young-Sam
{{stub}}


== Toltolan ==
{{reflist}}


[[Kategorya:Sur na Korea]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>L. L. Zamenhof</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="909" sha1="thhscbitm5pairqo6krsjbnnhbvn5z2" xml:space="preserve">[[ladawan:1908-kl-t-zamenhof.jpg|right|thumb|230px|Si Ludwig Lazarus Zamenhof]]

Si '''Ludwig Lazarus Zamenhof''' ({{lang|pl|Ludwik Łazarz Zamenhof}}) (ˈzɑːmɪnhɒf/; namundag,  Leyzer Leyvi Zamengov &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Birth Certificate N 47: &quot;Leyzer Zamengov, son of Mordkha Fayvelovich Zamengov and Liba Sholemovna Sofer&quot; |url=http://www.bialystok.ap.gov.pl/bit/50lat/boznicze_zamenhof1.jpg |access-date=2012-07-22 |archive-date=2011-07-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722014023/http://www.bialystok.ap.gov.pl/bit/50lat/boznicze_zamenhof1.jpg |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Desyembre 15]]], [[1859]] – [[Abril 14]], [[1917]]) sarong doktor asin linggwista. Siya an kag'imbento kan [[Esperanto]], tataramon na dawa pinanday sana nin sarong tawo luminakop, asin sagkod ngonyan dakul pa an nag'uusar bilang lenggwahe sa internasyunal na komunikasyon.


== Toltolan ==
{{reflist}}

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  <page>
    <title>Julian Assange</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>9061</id>
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      <text bytes="5241" sha1="oeh11ct3cval1k5gpwst41jo71xck0i" xml:space="preserve">[[ladawan:Julian Assange (Norway, March 2010).jpg|right|thumb|250px|Si Julian Assange]]

Si '''Julian Paul Assange''' (namundag, [[Hulyo 3]], [[1971]]) sarong Australyanong tagapaglagda', peryodista, kompyuter programer, asin aktibista sa Internet. Siya an pamayong editor kan [[Wikileaks]], sarong websayt na bulosan asin tagabuyagyag nin mga baretang pigririrong. An pusog na pilosopiya kan Wikileaks iyo na dapat an mga gobyerno silag asin biklad kan saindang ginigiribo asin daing pigririrong sa saindang mga namamanwaan. Si Assange sarong &quot;hacker&quot; kan hubin pa, bago siya nagin kompyuter programer. Nag'erok na siya sa iba-ibang nasyon asin nagparalektura na sa publiko sa manlaenlaen na parte kan kinaban sa mga sensitibong isyu orog na manongod sa libreng prensa, pagbagat sa prensa, asin an dapit man sa &quot;investigative journalism'&quot;.
Si Assange nagsisirbe sa hunta kan [[Wikileaks]] bilang advisor. An Wikileaks nagpublikar na nin mga materyal manongod kan garadanan sa [[Kenya]] na dai nag'agi sa proseso nin hustisya, an pagtapok nin mga ramog na toxic sa [[Cote d'Ivoire]], an mga palakaw sa laog kan preso sa [[Guantanamo Bay]] asin dapit sa bangko kan [[Kaupthing]] asin [[Baer]].&lt;ref name=&quot;autogenerated1&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url = http://www.smh.com.au/opinion/politics/leaks-pour-forth-from-the-wiki-well-of-information-20100408-ruxn.html|title = Leaks pour forth from the Wiki well of information |work=The Sydney Morning Herald |date = 9 April 2010|accessdate =3 December 2010|first=Richard|last=Ackland}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kan 2010, an Wikileaks nagbuyagyag kan mga dokumento dapit  sa [[Gerang Iraq]] asin [[Gerang Apganistan]] y an mga aktibidad kan Amerika igdi sa mga gerang ini. Kan Nobyembre 28, 2010, nagpoon na an Wikileaks asin an lima niyang katuwang sa internasyunal na media siring kan [[Der Spiegel]], [[The New York Times]], [[Le Monde]], [[The Guardian]] asin an [[El Pais]] na magwa'wa' kan mga E.U. na kable diplomatiko ngane mabasa asin madangog kan mga namamanwaan.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url = http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/blog/2010/dec/03/wikileaks-julian-assange-online|title = WikiLeaks cables: Live Q&amp;A with Julian Assange|work=The Guardian|date = 3 December 2010|accessdate =3 December 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Ladawan:Julian Assange in 2008.jpg|thumb]]
Huli sa mga naginibohan niya, si Assange ginawadan na nin magkapirang onra asin mga nominasyon, kabali na diyan an 2009ng Amnesty International Media Award huli sa pagpublikar kan si inapod na extrajudicial killings sa Kenya asin siya man an nagin Readar's Choice kan magasin na TIME bilang &quot;2010 Person of the Year&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://newsfeed.time.com/2010/12/13/julian-assange-readers-choice-for-times-person-of-the-year-2010/ |access-date=2011-06-12 |archive-date=2019-05-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190524132802/http://newsfeed.time.com/2010/12/13/julian-assange-readers-choice-for-times-person-of-the-year-2010/ |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pero may peligrong madamay si Assange sa sarong personal na kaso. Mala ta pig'apelar ni Assange an Pebrero 2011ng desisyon kan sarong korte sa [[Inglatierra]] na ma'extraditar siya sa [[Sweden]] ta boot siyang siyasaton duman kun ano baga an katotohanan sa akusasyon saiya nin duwang babae na soboot piglogosan sinda ni Assange. Sinasabi niya an mga balubagi saiya bakong totoo, na an relasyon sekswal niya sa mga babaeng nagaakusar may pag'ooyon; alagad an korte nagtalaan na nin bista na mapoon sa Hulyo 12. Siya dai nakakulong ta nagpiyansa siya.&lt;ref&gt;http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-12988646&lt;/ref&gt;

An mga nag'aandorog saiya an paghiling saiya sarong maisog na kampyon nin &quot;libreng pagpahayag&quot; alagad an iba man nagsasabi na siya sarong terorista sa internet.

==Mga panluwas na takod==

* [http://documentarystorm.com/wikirebels/ Wikirebels (Documentary about Julian Assange)]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20071020051936/http://iq.org/ home page on Julian Assange's web site iq.org ](at the [[Internet Archive]])
* [http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-11047811 Profile: Wikileaks founder Julian Assange] at [[BBC News]]
* [http://www.life.com/image/first/in-gallery/53291/julian-assange-hero-or-villain Julian Assange: Hero or Villain?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101216174148/http://www.life.com/image/first/in-gallery/53291/julian-assange-hero-or-villain |date=2010-12-16 }} slideshow by ''[[Life (magazine)|Life]]''
* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bD5dxkPwibU&amp;feature=related Interview with Julian Assange on release of Afghan war files – 1 August 2010] [[Russia Today]] via YouTube
* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6mcSXge4Qo Frost Over the World – Julian Assange – December 2010.] [[Al Jazeera English]] via You tube
* [http://www.newstatesman.com/media/2011/01/assange-pilger-wikileaks Julian Assange] interviewed by [[John Pilger]] on [[New Statesman]] January 2011
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20121104041409/http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-504803_162-20029950-10391709.html Julian Assange: The &quot;60 Minutes&quot; Interview] interviewed by [[Steve Kroft]] on [[60 Minutes]] January 2011.
* [http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/wikileaks/interviews/julian-assange.html Interview Julian Assange]. Frontline. 4 April 2011.
== Toltolan ==
{{reflist}}

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  <page>
    <title>Manuel Lacunza</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>9071</id>
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      <text bytes="1318" sha1="gjzrr6jjm8fzla1hp4f5jnklyvsdbi2" xml:space="preserve">[[ladawan:Manuel Lacunza.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Si Manuel Lacunza, S.J.]]

Si '''Manuel Diaz Lacunza''' S.J. (namundag sa Santiago, Chile, [[1731]]; nagadan sa [[Imola, Italya]] mga [[Hunyo 18]], [[1801]]) sarong Heswitang padi na naggamit kan bansag na '''Juan  Josafat Ben-Ezra''' para sa mayor niyang obra (&quot;La venida del Mesías en gloria y majestad&quot;, &quot;An pagdatong ni Hesukrito sa labilabing kamurawayan&quot;) na nagtatataong interpretasyon kan mga hula sa Bibliya.

==Mga panluwas na takod==

==External links==
*[http://dialogue.adventist.org/articles/06_1_olivares_e.htm Surat manongod ki Lacunza asin kan saiyang obra]{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721220524/http://dialogue.adventist.org/articles/06_1_olivares_e.htm |date=2011-07-21 }} ginibo sa punto de vista kan sarong Mormon, si Sergio Olivares.
*[http://lacunza.org/ &quot;The Coming of the Messiah&quot; pwedeng kuon sa PDF format] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090609010031/http://www.lacunza.org/ |date=2009-06-09 }} pinalis ni Jonathan Tillin. May mga dai pigtutugot.
*[http://www.birthpangs.org/articles/prophetic/lacunza-intro.html Sa PDF pwede kuon] Libro ni Lacunza ipinalis.
*[http://www.archiviopug.org Mga obra ni Lacunza]  Historical Archives of the Pontifical Gregorian University

== Toltolan ==
{{reflist}}

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  <page>
    <title>Jersey City, New Jersey</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>9811</id>
    <revision>
      <id>306718</id>
      <parentid>274922</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-19T14:49:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>17127</id>
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      <comment>Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
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      <text bytes="2737" sha1="g8xalj2c5rqmlj28pkw80vjugkpwbl6" xml:space="preserve">[[ladawan:Jersey City skyline 2009 PD 20091129 151.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Sarong tanawon kan Syudad nin Jersey]]
[[ladawan:Hudson County New Jersey Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Jersey City Highlighted.svg|right|thumb|250px|An kinamomogtakan kan syudad nin Jersey sa Hudson County]]
[[ladawan:Map of USA NJ.svg|right|thumb|250px|An kinamomogtakan kan syudad nin Jersey sa Estados Unidos]]

An '''Siyudad nin Jersey''' iyo an sentro kan Hudson County, [[New Jersey]], [[Estados Unidos]]. 

Ini parte kan metropolitan na lugar kan [[Nweba York]] asin namomogtak sa pag'oltan kan Salog Hudson asin kan Sola' nin Upper New York sa pagbalyo sa Lower Manhattan asin sa Salog Hackensack saka Sola nin Newark. Sarong sabang asin pwerto, na may 11 milya kalabaan nin tubig asin dakul na koneksyon sa riles, an syudad nin Jersey importanteng sentro nin transportasyon, sentro nin distribusyon asin manufacturing para sa Pwerto kan Nweba York asin [[New Jersey]]. Mga industriya sa serbisyo nangawat na gayo nin prominenteng papel sa pagtalubo kan saiyang warterfront asin sa pagmukna kan saro sa pinakadakulang downtown kan nasyon nin Estados Unidos. Tinatanya kan Census Bureau kan E.U. na kan 2016, an syudad nin Jersey igwa nang populasyon na 264,152, an pagdugang nin 6.7% hale sa 2010 na populasyon na 247,597, na huli kaini ini na an ikaduwang pinakadakulang siyudad kan New Jersey asin ika-77 pinakadakulang siyudad kan Estados Unidos.&lt;ref&gt;[https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?src=bkmk] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190515054350/https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?src=bkmk |date=2019-05-15 }}factfinder.census.gov. Kinua 22-02-18&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref&gt;[https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?src=bkmk] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190515054350/https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?src=bkmk |date=2019-05-15 }}factfinder.census.gov. Kinua 22-02-18&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref&gt;[https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/nav/jsf/pages/community_facts.xhtml] {{Webarchive|url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20150108070337/http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/nav/jsf/pages/index.xhtml |date=2015-01-08 }}factfinder.census.gov. Kinua 22-02-18&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.cityofjerseycity.com/]www.cityofjerseycity.com. Kinua 22-02-18&lt;/ref&gt;

* [http://www.cityofjerseycity.com/ Official website]
* [http://www.destinationjerseycity.com/ Destination Jersey City]
* [http://jclist.com/ Jersey City List]
* [http://jcguide.com/ Jersey City Guide] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130606213925/http://jcguide.com/ |date=2013-06-06 }}

== Toltolan ==
{{reflist}}

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  <page>
    <title>Joseph Kony</title>
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      <comment>Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
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      <text bytes="10248" sha1="lgo8dk81lyt9fvmkzdsshc8cjhmin8l" xml:space="preserve">[[Ladawan:Joseph Kony2.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Si Joseph Kony ,&lt;ref&gt;An retrato niya sinapi sa https://archive.is/20120805144719/www.interpol.int/Wanted-Persons/(wanted_id)/2006-26320 websayt kan Interpol&lt;/ref&gt;]]
Si '''Joseph Rao Kony''' (namundag, c. [[1961]]) iyo an pamayo kan inaapod na Lord's Resistance Army (LRA/ Hokbo ni Kagurangnan sa Pakikitusay ),sarong grupong gerilyang Ugandano. Manta ini kan enot nag'aani nin popular na suporta, an LRA buminaliktad asin pinag'api kaini an sadiring mga tagasurog, sa soboot pagpupuro sa banwang [[Acholi]] asin gibohon an [[Uganda]] na sarong teokrasiya.&lt;ref name=&quot;independent&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/the-deadly-cult-of-joseph-kony-1001084.html|publisher=''The Independent''|title=The deadly cult of Joseph Kony|date=November 8, 2008|author=Daniel Howden|accessdate=March 7, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Si Kony pigproklama niya an sadiri bilang iyo an tagataram kan Diyos na Kagurangnan asin  bilang siya sarong sinapotan espiritu, kan Espiritu Santo orog na,  na an pag'iriba pigtutubod ini napahiling sa manlaenlaen na porma. Sa teolohiyang pakasabot, an grupo sarong sinkretong pagsaralak nin mitisismo, Acholing nasyonalismo, asin Krsitiyanong pundamentalismo; ,&lt;ref name=&quot;afraf.oxfordjournals.org&quot;&gt;{{cite web|first1=Ruddy|last1=Doom|first2=Koen|last2=Vlassenroot|url=http://afraf.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/98/390/5 |title=The Lord's Resistance Army in Northern Uganda|publisher=Afraf.oxfordjournals.org|date=1 January 1999|accessdate=16 October 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;community.seattletimes.nwsource.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=&quot;Christian Cult Killing, Ravaging In New Uganda&quot; |url=http://community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?date=19960401&amp;slug=2321945 |access-date=2012-03-20 |archive-date=2017-11-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171102022120/http://community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?date=19960401&amp;slug=2321945 |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;cesnur.org&quot;&gt;[http://www.cesnur.org/testi/uganda_004.htm Ten Commandments of God: Mass Suicide in Uganda]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;entertainment.timesonline.co.uk&quot;&gt;{{cite news |url=http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/books/non-fiction/article3449276.ece |location=London |work=The Times |title=The Wizard of the Nile The Hunt for Africas Most Wanted by Matthew Green |first=Christina |last=Lamb |date=2 March 2008 }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;nytimes.com&quot;&gt;{{cite news| url=http://www.nytimes.com/1997/03/05/world/christian-rebels-wage-a-war-of-terror-in-uganda.html | work=The New York Times | title=Christian Rebels Wage a War of Terror in Uganda| first=James C. | last=McKinley Jr | date=5 March 1997}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;guardian.co.uk&quot;&gt;{{cite news| url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2008/mar/13/uganda.internationalcrime |location=London |work=The Guardian  | title=Museveni refuses to hand over rebel leaders to war crimes court | first=Chris | last=McGreal | date=13 March 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;washingtonpost.com&quot;&gt;{{cite news| url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/03/18/AR2008031803054.html | work=The Washington Post | title=Ugandan Rebel Reaches Out to International Court | first=Nora | last=Boustany | date=19 March 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name='Haynes'&gt;{{cite book | last = Haynes | first = Jeffrey | title = Politics in the developing world | publisher = Wiley-Blackwell | year = 2002 | page = 121 | url = | id = | isbn = 978-0631225560 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name='gpf'&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.globalpolicy.org/intljustice/wanted/2004/1231mystic.htm |title=The End of Uganda's Mystic Rebel? |accessdate=4 March 2009 |last=McLaughlin |first=Abraham |date=31 December 2004 |work=Christian Science Monitor |publisher=[[Global Policy Forum]] }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name='gmu'&gt;{{cite journal|title=Child Soldiers in the Lord’s Resistance Army: Factors in the Rehabilitation and Reintegration Process|journal=George Mason University|date=8 May 2008|first=Rachel|last=Muth|page=23|id= |url=http://hdl.handle.net/1920/3005|accessdate=4 March 2009 }}{{dead link|date=June 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; asin nangangako na matogdas nin sarong estadong teokratiko nababatay sa Sampolong Togon asin sa lokal na tradisyon Acholi. &lt;ref name=&quot;aa&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|name=African Affairs|volume=98|issue=390|pages=5–36|author=Ruddy Doom and Koen Vlassenroot|year=1999|publisher=Oxford Journals / Royal African Society|title=Kony's message: A new Koine? The Lord's Resistance Army in northern Uganda}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=autogenerated2&gt;{{cite book | last = Martin | first = Gus | title = Understanding Terrorism: Challenges, Perspectives, and Issues | publisher = SAGE | year = 2006 | pages = 196–197 | url = | id = | isbn = 978-1412927222 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;irininterview&quot;&gt;[http://www.irinnews.org/InDepthMain.aspx?InDepthId=58&amp;ReportId=72472 &quot;Interview with Vincent Otti, LRA second in command&quot;] and [http://www.irinnews.org/InDepthMain.aspx?InDepthId=58&amp;ReportId=72445 &quot; A leadership based on claims of divine revelations&quot;] in ''[[IRIN]] In Depth'', June 2007&lt;/ref&gt; 
Si Kony pigsugo an pagdukot nin mga aki ngane gibohon na mga aking-oripon-sa-sex asin mga aking-soldados. &lt;ref name=warrants&gt;International Criminal Court (14 October 2005).  ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20110616142249/http://www.icc-cpi.int/menus/icc/situations%20and%20cases/situations/situation%20icc%200204/related%20cases/icc%200204%200105/press%20releases/warrant%20of%20arrest%20unsealed%20against%20five%20lra%20commanders Warrant of Arrest unsealed against five LRA Commanders]''. Retrieved 2 June 2009.&lt;/ref&gt; Pigtatayang mga 66,000 na ribong mga aki an nagin pirit na soldados asin mga duwang milyon na mga tawo an na'ukag, nabungkal sa dating mga estaran sa laog kan Uganda. .&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.govtrack.us/congress/billtext.xpd?bill=h111-2478 |title=Read The Bill: H.R. 2478 |publisher=GovTrack.us |date=2009-05-19 |accessdate=July 11, 2011 |archive-date=2011-02-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110203034510/http://www.govtrack.us/congress/billtext.xpd?bill=h111-2478 |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Kan 2008, si Kony kinasuhan huli sa mga [[krimen gera]] kan [[International Criminal Court]] sa [[The Hague]], [[Nederlands]], alagad dai madakop'dakop. An hokbo ni Kony librelibreng luwas-laog sa kahiwasan kan [[Demokratikong Republika kan Kongo]], sa [[Sentral na Aprikanong Republika]], sa [[Habagatan Sudan]], asin sa [[Sudan]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-11558746 Four African nations crack down on LRA] retrieved 11 February 2012&lt;/ref&gt;

== Enot na mga taon ==

Si Kony namundag kan 1961 sa Odek, sarong baryo sa bandang subangan kan [[Gulu]], parteng amnayan nin [[Uganda]] &lt;ref name=&quot;Britannica bio&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last=Craine|first=Anthony|title=Joseph Kony|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1017670/Joseph-Kony|work=Encyclopedia Britannica|publisher=Encyclopedia Britannica|accessdate=7 March 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;independent&quot;/&gt; sa ama niyang si Luizi Obol asin ina niyang si Nora, pareho mga paraoma. Siya kabuhan kan banwang [[Acholi]].&lt;ref name=&quot;independent&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=green121&gt;{{cite book | last = Green | first = Matthew | authorlink = Matthew Green (journalist)| coauthors = | title = The Wizard of the Nile: The Hunt for Africa's Most Wanted | publisher = Portobello Books | year = 2008 | isbn=9781846270314| page=121}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Maray man an pakikibagay niya sa saiyang mga tugang, alagad sinasabi  na mainiton an payo asin madaling mag'alsang kamot saka mangulog. &lt;ref name=&quot;Innocents Lost p. 105-144&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Jimmie Briggs|title=Innocents Lost: When Child soldiers Go to war|year=2005|pages=105–144}}&lt;/ref&gt;. An saiyang ama sarong katekista sa [[Simbahan Katoliko]] asin an saiyang ina sarong Anglicano. Si Kony nagin altar boy nin pirang taon alagad nagpondo pagsimba asin pagsibot sa simbahan pag'edad 15 anyos &lt;ref name=&quot;Innocents Lost p. 105-144&quot;/&gt; saka nagpondo naman pagklase.&lt;ref name=&quot;independent&quot;/&gt;

Kan siya hagbayon, si Kony nag'asiste sa tugang niyang matua, si Jamie Brow,  bilang sarong parasantigwar, asin kan magadan na an tugang niya, siya na an nagmana kan siring na kargo.&lt;ref&gt;Peter Eichstaedt, ''First Kill Your Family: Child Soldiers of Uganda and the Lord's Resistance Army'', p. 206&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sarong kultong lider ==

Enot na naglataw an pangaran niya kan Enero 1986 bilang lider kan saro sa mga grupong premillennialista nagburutwa sa dagang Acholi kan panahon na makusog an Hiron nin Espiritu Santo (Holy Spirit Movement) ni pinamamayohan ni Alice Auma (bisto man sa apod na Lakwena, asin tinutubod na partidario mansana ni Kony).&lt;ref name=&quot;independent&quot;/&gt; Sinasabing nagluya an impluensya kan mga movimientong ini kan mapatalsik si Presiente Tito Okello, sarong Acholi, ni Yoweri Museveni saka kan hokbo kaini, an National Resistance Army (NRA) sa ribok na nagputok sa Uganda, idtong inapod na Ugandan Bush War (1981-1986). An pangyaring ini, sa ibong na lado, nagpakusog kan impluensya ni Kony,

Kaiba an sarong sadit na parasunod niya, enot nagrayo sa lugar kan banwa niyang Odek kan Abril 1, 1987. Dangan nasabat niya an mga dating soldados, na kabali sa Black Battalion, asin an huri apil sa Uganda National Liberation Front. Si Kony kun napa'no ta napa'ayon niya an mga ini sa grupo niya, asin an enot na sakyada kan mas dakula nang grupo niya iyo ginibo sa siyudad nin Gulu. 

== Mga panluwas na takod ==
* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y4MnpzG5Sqc&amp;feature=share Invisible Children 2010] dokumentaryong pelikula nagbubuyagyag kan pagdukot asin pagpirit sa mga aki na magin mga soldados kan LRA
* [http://www.haguejusticeportal.net/eCache/DEF/8/193.c2V0TGFuZz1FTiZMPUVO.html Hague Justice Portal: Joseph Kony] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111219001708/http://www.haguejusticeportal.net/eCache/DEF/8/193.c2V0TGFuZz1FTiZMPUVO.html |date=2011-12-19 }}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120427220939/http://www.interpol.int/en/Wanted-Persons/(wanted_id)/2006-26320 &quot;Wanted&quot;: Joseph Kony on Interpol`s list of wanted persons]

== Toltolan ==
{{reflist}}

{{poon}}

[[Kategorya:Banwang Acholi]]
[[Kategorya:Mga rebelde apil sa Lord's Resistance Army]]
[[Kategorya:Mga pugante hinahanap kan International Criminal Court]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Luciano P.R. Santiago</title>
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    <id>10976</id>
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      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
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      <text bytes="2608" sha1="qmu99lbz09crkatlss4ht9p8kjba58z" xml:space="preserve">Si '''Luciano P.R. Santiago''' sarong Filipinong doktor sa Sikiatriya, sarong historyador, asin parasurat. An saiyang mga libro dapit sa historya, arte asin kultura kan Filipinas nag'ani nin mga premyo huli sa husay nin pakasurat. &lt;ref name=&quot;vibal&quot;&gt;http://vibalfoundation.org/books/authors/luciano-p-r-santiago/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120105020827/http://www.vibalfoundation.org/books/authors/luciano-p-r-santiago/ |date=2012-01-05 }} kinua 25-06-13&lt;/ref&gt;
 
Si Dr. Santiago alumnus sa [[Unibersidad kan Pilipinas]], sa Kolehiyo nin Medisina sa Manila. Pakagradwar niya, siya nagtraining pareho sa sikiatriya nin pang-aki asin panggurang sa Sheppard and Enoch Pratt Hospital duman sa Baltimore, Maryland  asin  nagpraktis duman nin dai man mahaloy dangan nagbalik sa Filipinas asin siya nagin doktor sa Departamento nin Sikiatriya  sa The Medical City Hospital sa Siyudad nin Pasig. &lt;ref name=&quot;vibal&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;pila&quot;&gt;http://treasuresofpila.bayangpinagpala.org/2005/09/pila-noble-town_12.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150423110038/http://treasuresofpila.bayangpinagpala.org/2005/09/pila-noble-town_12.html |date=2015-04-23 }} kinua 25-06-13&lt;/ref&gt;
Alagad, huli ta may kabangkagan sa mga bagay dapit sa historya asin kultura, siya nagin agit-agitan na parasurat sa siring na mga interes.

==Mga napalagda==

* The Life, Art and Times of Damian Domingo (2010)
* To Love and to Suffer: The Development of the Religious Congregations for Women in the Spanish Philippines, 1565–1898 (2008) 275 na pahina
* The Last Hacendera: Dona Teresa de la Paz (1998)
* The Hidden Light: the First Filipino Priests, Q.C. New Day Publication, (1987)
* Children of Oedipus: Brother and Sister Incest in Psychiatry, Literature, History and Mythology
(1973) 191 na pahina

==Mga pagpipilang==
Si Santiago nagkamit na nin magkapirang onra sa saiyang mga sinurat:&lt;ref name=&quot;vibal&quot;/&gt;:
* The National Book Award for Art and for History (from the [[Manila Critics Circle]]), 
* The Wendell Muncie Prize for Distinguished Writing in Psychiatry (from the Maryland Psychiatric Society), 
* The Premio Manuel Bernabé (Primer Premio) in History (from the Centro Cultural de la Embajada de Espana), 
* The Dr. Pedro Villaseñor Award for Genealogy, 
* The Catholic Author Award (from the Asian Catholic Publishers)
* The Catholic Press Award (from the [[Archdiocese of Manila]]), and 
* a Research Grant Award from the [[Toyota International Foundation]].


== Toltolan ==
{{reflist}}

{{stub}}

[[Kategorya: Mga Filipinong historyador:|Santiago, Luciano]]
[[Kategorya: Mga Filipinong doktor]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Miraya Bikol</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <comment>Added links</comment>
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      <text bytes="3461" sha1="dgyw2i07pmel503wcmvwa1u86kshb44" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Bikol_languages.jpg|300px|thumb|Sakop kan tataramon na Miraya Bikol sa pagtaraid na banwaan kan [[Daraga, Albay]]]]
{{Incubator|code= rbl}}
An '''Miraya Bikol''' sarô sa [[mga tataramon na Bikol]] na tinataram sa [[probinsya kan Filipinas|probinsya]] nin [[Albay]], [[Filipinas]]. Susog sa Summer Institute of Linguistics, igwa ining haros 300,000 na parataram kan [[2009]] sa mga banwaan nin [[Guinobatan, Albay|Guinobatan]], [[Camalig, Albay|Camalig]], [[Daraga, Albay|Daraga]] asin [[Jovellar, Albay|Jovellar]], [[Albay]]; sagkod [[Donsol, Sorsogon|Donsol]], [[Sorsogon]]. Igwa man ining nagkapirang diyalekto na nagkakairiba-iba sa lambang banwaan. Nakakaagid an tataramon sa [[West Albay Bikol]].[[:en:Cebuano language]]
[[:en:Hiligaynon language]]
Ini an ikaduwa sa pinakadakol na parataram sa [[mga tataramon na Bikol]] sunod sa [[Bikol Sentral]].  Kabali ini sa grupo nin [[Kadagaan na Bikol|mga tataramon sa Kadagaan na Bikol]] sagkod an [[Rinconada Bikol]], Mt. Iriga Agta, [[Buhi Bikol]], [[Libon Bikol]] asin [[Bikol Sulnopan na Albay|West Albay Bikol]].

==Literatura==
Mayo nin ipinapamugtak na pamantayan o estandarteng diyalekto an tataramon huli sa limitadong gamit kan tataramon asin nakasurat na literatura. 

Nagkapirang mga [[rawitdawit]] an nakasurat sa tataramon na ini siring kan mga panurat ni [[Marne Kilates]] kan [[Daraga, Albay|Daraga]], [[Albay]] sa diyalektong Daragueño. Sa duwang antolohiyang ''Kalapakapa: mga Rawitdawit'' na pinakarhay ni [[Eduardo Uy]]&lt;ref&gt;Eduardo Uy, Ikaapat na Pagsurat-Bikol 2012. Ateneo de Naga University. Abril 29-30, 2012&lt;/ref&gt;, mababasa man an nagkapirang rawitdawit sa manlainlain na diyalekto kan Miraya Bikol.

Sarong halimbawa nin halipot na usipon na nakapalis sa diyalektong Camalig iyo an [http://www.lowlands-l.net/anniversary/bikol-miraya.php &quot;An Guryon&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140708052714/http://www.lowlands-l.net/anniversary/bikol-miraya.php |date=2014-07-08 }} ni Joey Napay kan  [[Camalig, Albay|Kirangay, Camalig]], [[Albay]]. An sarong halimbawa nin suanoy na kasabihan sa diyalektong Daragueño iyo an '''&quot;Su indi tataw makarumdom nung ginitan, indi makaabot sa adunan.&quot;'''

==Numero==
Nakasurat sa baba an mga numero sa Miraya Bikol.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Numero!! Miraya Bikol !! Bikol Sentral
|-
| 1 || üsad || saro
|-
| 2 || duwa || duwa
|-
| 3|| tolo || tolo
|-
| 4|| üpat || apat
|-
| 5|| lima|| lima
|-
| 6|| ünüm || anom
|-
| 7|| pito || pito
|-
| 8|| walo || walo
|-
| 9|| siyam || siyam
|-
| 10 || sampulô|| sampulô
|}

==Halimbawa==
Ini an palis kan Juan 3:16 sa Miraya Bikol.
 Dail ta namot maray ang Diyos sa kinaban, kaya itinaw nya ang solo-solo nyang akus, tabing ang sayman na manubod sanya ay indi mapamak, kung di magkayu ning bway na urang katapusan.

==Toltolan==
&lt;small&gt;{{reflist}}&lt;/small&gt;

==Hihilngan==
* Eduardo Uy. ''Kalapakapa: mga Rawitdawit'' 2. Bicol University, College of Arts and Letters. [[Syudad nin Legazpi]] (2011)
* Eduardo Uy. ''Kalapakapa: mga Rawitdawit''. ARC Press. Syudad nin Legazpi (2010)

==Mga panluwas na takod==
*[http://www.ethnologue.com/language/rbl Miraya Bikol] sa [http://www.ethnologue.com Ethnologue]
*[https://joshuaproject.net/people_groups/20527/RP Bikol, Miraya in Philippines] sa [https://joshuaproject.net Project Josua]

{{tataramon-saringsing}}
{{Mga tataramon na Filipino}}
{{Mga tataramon kan Filipinas}}
{{Mga tataramon na Bikol}}

[[Kategorya:Mga tataramon sa Bikol]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Kugita</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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[[File:Octopus2.jpg|right|thumb|Octupos na kumon, Octupos vulgaris]]
[[File:Moving Octopus Vulgaris 2005-01-14.ogv|thumb|Sarong kumon na kugita (''Octopus vulgaris'') naghihiro. An saiyang sistema niyerbos tinutugotan an mga guramoy kani na maghiro-hiro na magsadiri]]
[[File:Schematic lateral aspect of octopod features.jpg|right|thumb|iskematikong diagrama kan kugita kun saen pinapahiling mga parte kaini]]
[[File:Octopus.ogv| thumb|Video of ''Octopus cyanea'' naghihiro asin nagsosorosangle an kolor asin hitsura]]


An '''kugita''' sarong mollusk na may malumoy, hanak-hanak na hawak asin may walong guramoy. An mga ini napipisan sa order Octopoda. May 300 na species an nabibisto kaini asin nagrugrupo sa klase Cephalopoda kairiba an mga pusit, cuttlefish asin nautiloid. An malomhok na hawak niya madaling maghira an porma mala ta nakakaulsit sa mga piriot na piwang. Kun  sinda nalangoy, an saindang walong guramoy taranos nasa hurihan, nangengenot an payo. Igwa sindang kupsitan na ginagamit sa paghangos asin pag'isog paagi nin pagtopga nin tubig. An mga kugita may kumplikadong sistema nerbyos asin marigmat na gayong pagmaan. Saro daa ini sa pinakamadunong asin alistong maghiro na hayop sa dagat. 

An mga kugita nakukua sa iba-ibang rona kan dagat, sa kararoman, sa libtong na parte o sa mga coral reef. Dakul na species kaini marikas magtalubo, nagurang tolos asin amay nagagadan. Sa pagmamaro', an lalake nagamit nin sarong guramoy na hinahatod an mga esperma niya sa laog mismo kan ikinabuhay kan babae. An babae sinasaray na an fertilisadong mga sugok sa tagoan asin binabantayan sagkod na maghirimsa, dangan nagagadan naman siya. Sa pagligtas kan saiyang buhay dakul an estratehiya kaini arog kan pagpakupsit nin maitom na tinta ngane dai siya mahiling, pagtago sa mga dai-risang paiplian, pagpahiling nin patilalaban, asin sa pagdulag ninda nin sobrang marikason na garo nasumpit sana. Gabos na kugita may kamandag alagad marara para sa tawo iyo idtong inapod na blue-ringed na oktupos.

==Lawig kan buhay==

Halipot an buhay kan mga kugita. Ibang speciea nabubuhay sanang mga anom na bulan. totoo an higanteng Pacific octupos, saro sa darakulang species, nabubuhay nin limang taon. An mga kugita kaya nalilimitaran an saindang buhay kan saindang reproduksyon, an mga lalake nabubuhay sagkod sana pirang bulan pakatapos nagmamaro' asin ta an babaed pakalihis sanang pakahimsa' kan mga sugok kaini. An reprodukdibong glandula kaini napoon pagtalubo huli sa impluensya hormonal alagad naresulta sa pagpundo pagtrabaho kan aparato dihestibo na padagos logod nagagadan an kugita sa pagkarutos.
* [[Grimpoteuthis]]
==Galeriya==

&lt;gallery&gt;
Pulpo (Octopus vulgaris), isla de Mouro, Santander, España, 2019-08-14, DD 33.jpg
North Pacific Giant Octopus.JPG
Octopus vulgaris Cuvier, 1797 2.jpg
Enteroctopus dofleini to spawn.jpg
Veined Octopus - Amphioctopus Marginatus eating a Crab.jpg
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Toltolan ==
{{reflist}}

{{stub}}
[[Kategorya:Mga mollusk na pangkomersyal]]
[[Kategorya:Mga hayop na nagsasangle nin kolor]]</text>
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[[File:Octopus2.jpg|right|thumb|Octupos na kumon, Octupos vulgaris]]
[[File:Moving Octopus Vulgaris 2005-01-14.ogv|thumb|Sarong kumon na kugita (''Octopus vulgaris'') naghihiro. An saiyang sistema niyerbos tinutugotan an mga guramoy kani na maghiro-hiro na magsadiri]]
[[File:Schematic lateral aspect of octopod features.jpg|right|thumb|iskematikong diagrama kan kugita kun saen pinapahiling mga parte kaini]]
[[File:Octopus.ogv| thumb|Video of ''Octopus cyanea'' naghihiro asin nagsosorosangle an kolor asin hitsura]]


An '''kugita''' sarong mollusk na may malumoy, hanak-hanak na hawak asin may walong guramoy. An mga ini napipisan sa order Octopoda. May 300 na species an nabibisto kaini asin nagrugrupo sa klase Cephalopoda kairiba an mga pusit, cuttlefish asin nautiloid. An malomhok na hawak niya madaling maghira an porma mala ta nakakaulsit sa mga piriot na piwang. Kun  sinda nalangoy, an saindang walong guramoy taranos nasa hurihan, nangengenot an payo. Igwa sindang kupsitan na ginagamit sa paghangos asin pag'isog paagi nin pagtopga nin tubig. An mga kugita may kumplikadong sistema nerbyos asin marigmat na gayong pagmaan. Saro daa ini sa pinakamadunong asin alistong maghiro na hayop sa dagat. 

An mga kugita nakukua sa iba-ibang rona kan dagat, sa kararoman, sa libtong na parte o sa mga coral reef. Dakul na species kaini marikas magtalubo, nagurang tolos asin amay nagagadan. Sa pagmamaro', an lalake nagamit nin sarong guramoy na hinahatod an mga esperma niya sa laog mismo kan ikinabuhay kan babae. An babae sinasaray na an fertilisadong mga sugok sa tagoan asin binabantayan sagkod na maghirimsa, dangan nagagadan naman siya. Sa pagligtas kan saiyang buhay dakul an estratehiya kaini arog kan pagpakupsit nin maitom na tinta ngane dai siya mahiling, pagtago sa mga dai-risang paiplian, pagpahiling nin patilalaban, asin sa pagdulag ninda nin sobrang marikason na garo nasumpit sana. Gabos na kugita may kamandag alagad marara para sa tawo iyo idtong inapod na blue-ringed na oktupos.

==Lawig kan buhay==

Halipot an buhay kan mga kugita. Ibang speciea nabubuhay sanang mga anom na bulan. totoo an higanteng Pacific octupos, saro sa darakulang species, nabubuhay nin limang taon. An mga kugita kaya nalilimitaran an saindang buhay kan saindang reproduksyon, an mga lalake nabubuhay sagkod sana pirang bulan pakatapos nagmamaro' asin ta an babaed pakalihis sanang pakahimsa' kan mga sugok kaini. An reprodukdibong glandula kaini napoon pagtalubo huli sa impluensya hormonal alagad naresulta sa pagpundo pagtrabaho kan aparato dihestibo na padagos logod nagagadan an kugita sa pagkarutos.

==Galeriya==

&lt;gallery&gt;
Pulpo (Octopus vulgaris), isla de Mouro, Santander, España, 2019-08-14, DD 33.jpg
North Pacific Giant Octopus.JPG
Octopus vulgaris Cuvier, 1797 2.jpg
Enteroctopus dofleini to spawn.jpg
Veined Octopus - Amphioctopus Marginatus eating a Crab.jpg
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Toltolan ==
{{reflist}}

{{stub}}
[[Kategorya:Mga mollusk na pangkomersyal]]
[[Kategorya:Mga hayop na nagsasangle nin kolor]]</text>
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    <title>Hiroshima</title>
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&lt;!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions --&gt;
|name                    = {{raise|0.2em|Hiroshima}}
|native_name             = {{lower|0.1em|{{nobold|{{lang|ja|広島市}}}}}}
|native_name_lang        = ja
|official_name           = Syudad kan Hiroshima&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.city.hiroshima.lg.jp/english The City of Hiroshima official web site] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200225075739/http://www.city.hiroshima.lg.jp/english/ |date=2020-02-25 }} {{En icon}}&lt;/ref&gt;

|settlement_type         = [[Cities designated by government ordinance of Japan|Pigdesignar na syudad]]
&lt;!-- images, nickname, motto ---&gt;
|image_skyline           = Hiroshima montage2.jpg
|imagesize               =
|image_alt               =
|image_caption           = Poon Taas nin wala: Kastilyong Hiroshima, kawat nin beysbol kan Hiroshima Toyo Carp sa Hiroshima Municipal Baseball Stadium, Hiroshima Peace Memorial (Genbaku Dome), pambangging tanawon kan Ebisu-cho, Shukkei-en (Parkeng Asano)
|image_flag              = Flag of Hiroshima City.svg
|flag_alt                =
|image_seal              = Emblem of Hiroshima, Hiroshima.svg
|seal_alt                =
|image_shield            =
|shield_alt              =
|image_blank_emblem      =
|nickname                =
|motto                   =
&lt;!-- maps and coordinates ------&gt;
|image_map               = Hiroshima in Hiroshima Prefecture Ja.svg
| mapframe                = {{mapframe|plain=yes|frame=yes|type=point|frame-align=center|zoom=8|marker=marker|marker-color=0050d0}}
|map_alt                 =
|map_caption             = Kinamumugtakan kan Hiroshima sa [[Prepekturang Hiroshima]]
|image_dot_map           =
|dot_mapsize             =
|dot_map_base_alt        =
|dot_map_alt             =
|dot_map_caption         =
|dot_x = |dot_y =
|pushpin_map             = Japan#Asia#Earth
|pushpin_label_position  = &lt;!-- position of the pushpin label: left, right, top, bottom, none --&gt;
|pushpin_map_alt         =
|pushpin_map_caption     = &amp;nbsp;
|coordinates             = {{coord|34|23|N|132|27|E|region:JP|display=inline,title}}
|coor_pinpoint           = &lt;!-- to specify exact location of coordinates (was coor_type) --&gt;
|coordinates_footnotes   = &lt;!-- for references: use &lt;ref&gt; tags --&gt;
&lt;!-- location ------------------&gt;
|subdivision_type        = [[Listahan kan soberanyang estado|Nasyon]]
|subdivision_name        = [[Hapon]]
|subdivision_type1       = [[Listahan kan mga rehiyon kan Hapon|Rehiyon]]
|subdivision_name1       = [[Rehiyon Chūgoku|Chūgoku]] ([[Rehiyon San'yō|San'yō]])
|subdivision_type2       = [[Mga prepektura kan Hapon|Prepektura]]
|subdivision_name2       = [[Prepekturang Hiroshima]]
|subdivision_type3       =
|subdivision_name3       =
&lt;!--- established ---------------&gt;
|established_title       = &lt;!-- Settled --&gt;
|established_date        =
|founder                 =
|named_for               =
&lt;!-- seat, smaller parts -------&gt;
|seat_type               = &lt;!-- defaults to: Seat --&gt;
|seat                    =
&lt;!-- government type, leaders --&gt;
|government_footnotes    = &lt;!-- for references: use &lt;ref&gt; tags --&gt;
|leader_party            =
|leader_title            = Alkalde
|leader_name             = [[Kazumi Matsui]]
|leader_title1           =
|leader_name1            = &lt;!-- etc., up to leader_title4 / leader_name4 --&gt;
&lt;!-- display settings  ---------&gt;
|total_type              = &lt;!-- to set a non-standard label for total area and population rows --&gt;
|unit_pref               = &lt;!-- enter: Imperial, to display imperial before metric --&gt;
&lt;!-- area ----------------------&gt;
|area_magnitude          = &lt;!-- use only to set a special wikilink --&gt;
|area_footnotes          = &lt;!-- for references: use &lt;ref&gt; tags --&gt;
|area_total_km2          = 906.53
|area_total_sq_mi        = &lt;!-- see table @ Template:Infobox settlement for details --&gt;
|area_land_km2           =
|area_land_sq_mi         =
|area_water_km2          =
|area_water_sq_mi        =
|area_water_percent      =
|area_note               =
&lt;!-- elevation -----------------&gt;
|elevation_footnotes     = &lt;!-- for references: use &lt;ref&gt; tags --&gt;
|elevation_m             =
|elevation_ft            =
&lt;!-- population ----------------&gt;
|population_footnotes    = &lt;!-- for references: use &lt;ref&gt; tags --&gt;
|population_total        = 1196274
|population_as_of        = Agosto 1, 2016
|population_density_km2  = 1319.6
|population_density_sq_mi=
|population_est          =
|pop_est_as_of           =
|population_demonym      = mga taga-Hiroshima&lt;!-- demonym, ie. Liverpudlian for someone from Liverpool --&gt;
|population_note         =
&lt;!-- time zone(s) --------------&gt;
|timezone1               = [[Estandarteng Oras kan Hapon]]
|utc_offset1             = +9
|timezone1_DST           =
|utc_offset1_DST         =
&lt;!-- postal codes, area code ---&gt;
|postal_code_type        =
|postal_code             =
|area_code_type          = &lt;!-- defaults to: Area code(s) --&gt;
|area_code               =
&lt;!-- blank fields (section 1) --&gt;
|blank_name_sec1         = Mga simbolo nin Syudad
|blank1_name_sec1        = Puon
|blank1_info_sec1        = [[Cinnamomum camphora|Camphor Laurel]]
|blank2_name_sec1        = Burak
|blank2_info_sec1        = [[Nerium|Oleander]]
|blank3_name_sec1        =
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&lt;!-- blank fields (section 2) --&gt;
|blank_name_sec2         = Numero&amp;nbsp;nin Pono
|blank_info_sec2         = 082-245-2111
|blank1_name_sec2        = Address
|blank1_info_sec2        = 1-6-34 Kokutaiji,&lt;br /&gt;Naka-ku, Hiroshima-shi 730-8586
&lt;!-- website, footnotes --------&gt;
|website                 = {{URL|http://www.city.hiroshima.lg.jp/}}
|footnotes               =
}}
{{Infobox Chinese
|pic=Hiroshima (Chinese characters).svg
|piccap= An &quot;Hiroshima&quot; sa bágong-estilo (''[[shinjitai]]'') ''[[kanji]]''
|picupright=0.4
|shinjitai=広島
|kyujitai=廣島
|romaji=Hiroshima
}}
[[File:Hiroshima Metropolitan Employment Area.svg|thumb|Hiroshima [[Urban Employment Area]]]]
An {{nihongo|'''Hiroshima'''|広島市|Hiroshima-shi|extra={{IPA-ja|çiɾoɕima|lang}}}} iyo an kapitolyo kan [[Prepekturang Hiroshima]] dangan an pinakadakulang [[Mga syudad kan Hapon|syudad]] sa [[Rehiyon Chūgoku]] kan sulnupang [[Honshu]] – an pinakadakulang isla kan [[Hapon]]. Nakua kan Hiroshima an estado nin syudad kan Abril 1, 1889. Kan Abril 1, 1980, naging pigdesignar na syudad an Hiroshima. Hasta Agosto 2016, pigtatantya an populasyon kan syudad, mga 1,196,274. An [[gross domestic product]] (GDP) sa Pinakadakulang Hiroshima, Hiroshima [[Urban Employment Area]], nasa US$61.3 bilyon hasta kan 2010.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url = http://www.csis.u-tokyo.ac.jp/UEA/uea_data_e.htm|title = Metropolitan Employment Area (MEA) Data|author = Yoshitsugu Kanemoto|publisher = Center for Spatial Information Science, The [[University of Tokyo]]|access-date = 2018-11-08|archive-date = 2018-06-15|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180615111107/http://www.csis.u-tokyo.ac.jp/UEA/uea_data_e.htm|dead-url = yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://data.oecd.org/conversion/exchange-rates.htm Conversion rates – Exchange rates] – OECD Data&lt;/ref&gt; Si [[Kazumi Matsui]] an naging Alkalde Syudad poon pa kan Abril 2011.

An Hiroshima an enot na syudad na pigtarget kan [[Little Boy|saróng armas nukleyar]], kan an [[United States Army Air Forces]] (USAAF) pighulog an bomba nin atomiko sa syudad sa oras na 8:15&amp;nbsp;a.m. kan Agosto 6, 1945, haraní sa katapusan kan [[Ikaduwang Gerang Pankinaban]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Hakim|first=Joy|author-link1=Joy Hakim|title=[[A History of US|A History of US: Book 9: War, Peace, and All that Jazz]]|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|date=5 January 1995|location=[[New York City|New York]]|pages=|isbn=978-0195095142}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Hilingon man==
*[[Little Boy]]
*[[Hiroshima Peace Memorial]]

==Mga Talá==
{{reflist}}

==Mga Toltolan==
{{refbegin}}
* {{Cite book
|title=Hiroshima and Nagasaki: The Physical, Medical, and Social Effects of the Atomic Bombings
|author=Ishikawa, Eisei, David L. Swain
|publisher=Basic Books
|year=1981}}
* {{Cite book
|author=Kowner, Rotem
|authorlink=Rotem Kowner
|year=2002
|chapter=Hiroshima
|editor1=M. Ember |editor2=C. Ember |title=Encyclopedia of Urban Cultures (Vol. II)
|pages=341–348
|publisher=Grolier
|isbn=0717256987}}
{{refend}}

==Mababasa pa lalo==
* Pacific War Research Society, ''Japan's Longest Day'' (Kodansha, 2002, {{ISBN|4770028873}}), the internal Japanese account of the surrender and how it was almost thwarted by fanatic soldiers who attempted a coup against the Emperor.
* [[Richard B. Frank]], ''Downfall: The End of the Imperial Japanese Empire'' Penguin, 2001  {{ISBN|0141001461}})
* [[Robert Jungk]], ''Children of the Ashes'', 1st Eng. ed. 1961&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Gyanpedia.in |url=http://playpen.meraka.csir.co.za/~acdc/education/Dr_Anvind_Gupa/Learners_Library_7_March_2007/Resources/books/childrenoftheashes.pdf |access-date=2018-11-08 |archive-date=2017-12-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171226020939/http://playpen.meraka.csir.co.za/~acdc/education/Dr_Anvind_Gupa/Learners_Library_7_March_2007/Resources/books/childrenoftheashes.pdf |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Gar Alperovitz]], ''The Decision to Use the Atomic Bomb'', {{ISBN|067976285X}}
* [[John Hersey]], [[Hiroshima (book)|''Hiroshima'']], {{ISBN|0679721037}}
* [[Michihiko Hachiya]], ''Hiroshima Diary: The Journal of a Japanese Physician'', August 6 – September 30, 1945 (Chapel Hill: [[University of North Carolina Press]], 1955), since reprinted.
* [[Masuji Ibuse]], ''Black Rain'', {{ISBN|087011364X}}
* [[Tamiki Hara]], ''Summer Flowers'' {{ISBN|069100837X}}
* [[Robert Jay Lifton]] ''Death in life: The survivors of Hiroshima'', Weidenfeld &amp; Nicolson 1st edition (1968) {{ISBN|0297764667}}

==Mga Panluwas na Takod==
{{Commons category|Hiroshima}}
{{Wikivoyage|Hiroshima}}
{{NIE Poster}}
* {{Official website}} {{ja icon}}
* [http://www.city.hiroshima.lg.jp/www/genre/0000000000000/1001000000021/index.html Hiroshima City official website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150218093848/http://www.city.hiroshima.lg.jp/www/genre/0000000000000/1001000000021/index.html |date=2015-02-18 }} {{en icon}}
* [http://visithiroshima.net/ Official tourist information website (in 5 languages)]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140811194329/http://oldnewmaps.com/2014/08/05/hiroshima-atomic-bomb-6-august-1945/ Hiroshima before and after atomic bombing] – interactive aerial maps
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140808070853/http://oldnewmaps.com/2014/08/05/hiroshima-atomic-bomb-damage-1945/ Hiroshima atomic bomb damage] – interactive aerial map
* [http://zidbits.com/2013/11/is-nagasaki-and-hiroshima-still-radioactive/ Is Hiroshima still radioactive?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211104142100/https://zidbits.com/2013/11/is-nagasaki-and-hiroshima-still-radioactive/ |date=2021-11-04 }} – No. Includes explanation.
* {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071112011107/http://www.geocities.com/peterance/hiroshima.htm |date=November 12, 2007 |title=Peter Rance's 1951 Hiroshima Photographs }}
* [http://citymayors.com/mayors/hiroshima_mayor.html City Mayors article]
* [http://archives.cbc.ca/IDD-1-71-1794/conflict_war/hiroshima/ CBC Digital Archives – Shadows of Hiroshima]
* [http://www.gojapango.com/travel/hiroshima_maps.htm Hiroshima Map] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121127040614/http://www.gojapango.com/travel/hiroshima_maps.htm |date=2012-11-27 }} – interactive with points of interest
* [http://www.bbc.com/programmes/p008ww09 BBC World Service] BBC Witness programme interviews a schoolgirl who survived the bomb
* [http://www.peacepalacelibrary.nl/2013/12/creating-peace-through-law-the-city-of-hiroshima/ Hope Elizabeth May, &quot;Creating Peace through Law: the City of Hiroshima&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170705162104/https://www.peacepalacelibrary.nl/2013/12/creating-peace-through-law-the-city-of-hiroshima/ |date=2017-07-05 }}
* [https://www.hiroshima-navi.or.jp/en/ hiroshima-navi]
* [https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/1946/08/31/hiroshima &quot;Hiroshima&quot; By John Hersey, A Reporter at Large August 31, 1946 Issue of The New Yorker]

{{Poon}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Kategorya:Hiroshima| ]]
[[Kategorya:Mga syudad sa Prepekturang Hiroshima]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>306742</id>
      <parentid>179316</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-20T01:23:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Uzume</username>
        <id>1592</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Update from [[d:Special:GoToLinkedPage/enwiki/Q16914835|master]] using [[mw:Synchronizer| #Synchronizer]]</comment>
      <origin>306742</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="18021" sha1="ph89g30kzy2uwl0t05s6jtpby1w86b8" xml:space="preserve">require ('strict');
local p = {}

p.trim = function(frame)
	return mw.text.trim(frame.args[1] or &quot;&quot;)
end

p.sentence = function (frame)
	-- {{lc:}} is strip-marker safe, string.lower is not.
	frame.args[1] = frame:callParserFunction('lc', frame.args[1])
	return p.ucfirst(frame)
end

p.ucfirst = function (frame)
	local s = frame.args[1];
	if not s or '' == s or s:match ('^%s+$') then								-- when &lt;s&gt; is nil, empty, or only whitespace
		return s;																-- abandon because nothing to do
	end

	s =  mw.text.trim( frame.args[1] or &quot;&quot; )
	local s1 = &quot;&quot;

	local prefix_patterns_t = {													-- sequence of prefix patterns
		'^\127[^\127]*UNIQ%-%-%a+%-%x+%-QINU[^\127]*\127',						-- stripmarker
		'^([%*;:#]+)',															-- various list markup
		'^(\'\'\'*)',															-- bold / italic markup
		'^(%b&lt;&gt;)',																-- html-like tags because some templates render these
		'^(&amp;%a+;)',																-- html character entities because some templates render these
		'^(&amp;#%d+;)',															-- html numeric (decimal) entities because some templates render these
		'^(&amp;#x%x+;)',															-- html numeric (hexadecimal) entities because some templates render these
		'^(%s+)',																-- any whitespace characters
		'^([%(%)%-%+%?%.%%!~!@%$%^&amp;_={}/`,‘’„“”ʻ|\&quot;\'\\]+)',					-- miscellaneous punctuation
		}
	
	local prefixes_t = {};														-- list, bold/italic, and html-like markup, &amp; whitespace saved here

	local function prefix_strip (s)												-- local function to strip prefixes from &lt;s&gt;
		for _, pattern in ipairs (prefix_patterns_t) do							-- spin through &lt;prefix_patterns_t&gt; 
			if s:match (pattern) then											-- when there is a match
				local prefix = s:match (pattern);								-- get a copy of the matched prefix
				table.insert (prefixes_t, prefix);								-- save it
				s = s:sub (prefix:len() + 1);									-- remove the prefix from &lt;s&gt;
				return s, true;													-- return &lt;s&gt; without prefix and flag; force restart at top of sequence because misc punct removal can break stripmarker
			end
		end
		return s;																-- no prefix found; return &lt;s&gt; with nil flag
	end

	local prefix_removed;														-- flag; boolean true as long as prefix_strip() finds and removes a prefix
	
	repeat																		-- one by one remove list, bold/italic, html-like markup, whitespace, etc from start of &lt;s&gt;
		s, prefix_removed = prefix_strip (s);
	until (not prefix_removed);													-- until &lt;prefix_removed&gt; is nil

	s1 = table.concat (prefixes_t);												-- recreate the prefix string for later reattachment

	local first_text = mw.ustring.match (s, '^%[%[[^%]]+%]%]');					-- extract wikilink at start of string if present; TODO: this can be string.match()?

	local upcased;
	if first_text then
		if first_text:match ('^%[%[[^|]+|[^%]]+%]%]') then						-- if &lt;first_text&gt; is a piped link
			upcased = mw.ustring.match (s, '^%[%[[^|]+|%W*(%w)');				-- get first letter character
			upcased = mw.ustring.upper (upcased);								-- upcase first letter character
			s = mw.ustring.gsub (s, '^(%[%[[^|]+|%W*)%w', '%1' .. upcased);		-- replace
		else																	-- here when &lt;first_text&gt; is a wikilink but not a piped link
			upcased = mw.ustring.match (s, '^%[%[%W*%w');						-- get '[[' and first letter
			upcased = mw.ustring.upper (upcased);								-- upcase first letter character
			s = mw.ustring.gsub (s, '^%[%[%W*%w', upcased);						-- replace; no capture needed here
		end

	elseif s:match ('^%[%S+%s+[^%]]+%]') then									-- if &lt;s&gt; is a ext link of some sort; must have label text
		upcased = mw.ustring.match (s, '^%[%S+%s+%W*(%w)');						-- get first letter character
		upcased = mw.ustring.upper (upcased);									-- upcase first letter character
		s = mw.ustring.gsub (s, '^(%[%S+%s+%W*)%w', '%1' .. upcased);			-- replace
	
	elseif s:match ('^%[%S+%s*%]') then											-- if &lt;s&gt; is a ext link without label text; nothing to do
		return s1 .. s;															-- reattach prefix string (if present) and done

	else																		-- &lt;s&gt; is not a wikilink or ext link; assume plain text
		upcased = mw.ustring.match (s, '^%W*%w');								-- get the first letter character
		upcased = mw.ustring.upper (upcased);									-- upcase first letter character
		s = mw.ustring.gsub (s, '^%W*%w', upcased);								-- replace; no capture needed here
	end

	return s1 .. s;																-- reattach prefix string (if present) and done
end


p.title = function (frame)
	-- http://grammar.yourdictionary.com/capitalization/rules-for-capitalization-in-titles.html
	-- recommended by The U.S. Government Printing Office Style Manual:
	-- &quot;Capitalize all words in titles of publications and documents,
	-- except a, an, the, at, by, for, in, of, on, to, up, and, as, but, or, and nor.&quot;
	local alwayslower = {['a'] = 1, ['an'] = 1, ['the'] = 1,
		['and'] = 1, ['but'] = 1, ['or'] = 1, ['for'] = 1,
		['nor'] = 1, ['on'] = 1, ['in'] = 1, ['at'] = 1, ['to'] = 1,
		['from'] = 1, ['by'] = 1, ['of'] = 1, ['up'] = 1 }
	local res = ''
	local s =  mw.text.trim( frame.args[1] or &quot;&quot; )
	local words = mw.text.split( s, &quot; &quot;)
	for i, s in ipairs(words) do
		-- {{lc:}} is strip-marker safe, string.lower is not.
		s = frame:callParserFunction('lc', s)
		if i == 1 or alwayslower[s] ~= 1 then
			s = mw.getContentLanguage():ucfirst(s)
		end
		words[i] = s
	end
	return table.concat(words, &quot; &quot;)
end

-- findlast finds the last item in a list
-- the first unnamed parameter is the list
-- the second, optional unnamed parameter is the list separator (default = comma space)
-- returns the whole list if separator not found
p.findlast = function(frame)
	local s =  mw.text.trim( frame.args[1] or &quot;&quot; )
	local sep = frame.args[2] or &quot;&quot;
	if sep == &quot;&quot; then sep = &quot;, &quot; end
	local pattern = &quot;.*&quot; .. sep .. &quot;(.*)&quot;
	local a, b, last = s:find(pattern)
	if a then
		return last
	else
		return s
	end
end

-- stripZeros finds the first number and strips leading zeros (apart from units)
-- e.g &quot;0940&quot; -&gt; &quot;940&quot;; &quot;Year: 0023&quot; -&gt; &quot;Year: 23&quot;; &quot;00.12&quot; -&gt; &quot;0.12&quot;
p.stripZeros = function(frame)
	local s = mw.text.trim(frame.args[1] or &quot;&quot;)
	local n = tonumber( string.match( s, &quot;%d+&quot; ) ) or &quot;&quot;
	s = string.gsub( s, &quot;%d+&quot;, n, 1 )
	return s
end

-- nowiki ensures that a string of text is treated by the MediaWiki software as just a string
-- it takes an unnamed parameter and trims whitespace, then removes any wikicode
p.nowiki = function(frame)
	local str = mw.text.trim(frame.args[1] or &quot;&quot;)
	return mw.text.nowiki(str)
end

-- split splits text at boundaries specified by separator
-- and returns the chunk for the index idx (starting at 1)
-- #invoke:String2 |split |text |separator |index |true/false
-- #invoke:String2 |split |txt=text |sep=separator |idx=index |plain=true/false
-- if plain is false/no/0 then separator is treated as a Lua pattern - defaults to plain=true
p.split = function(frame)
	local args = frame.args
	if not(args[1] or args.txt) then args = frame:getParent().args end
	local txt = args[1] or args.txt or &quot;&quot;
	if txt == &quot;&quot; then return nil end
	local sep = (args[2] or args.sep or &quot;&quot;):gsub('&quot;', '')
	local idx = tonumber(args[3] or args.idx) or 1
	local plain = (args[4] or args.plain or &quot;true&quot;):sub(1,1)
	plain = (plain ~= &quot;f&quot; and plain ~= &quot;n&quot; and plain ~= &quot;0&quot;)
	local splittbl = mw.text.split( txt, sep, plain )
	if idx &lt; 0 then idx = #splittbl + idx + 1 end
	return splittbl[idx]
end

-- val2percent scans through a string, passed as either the first unnamed parameter or |txt=
-- it converts each number it finds into a percentage and returns the resultant string.
p.val2percent = function(frame)
	local args = frame.args
	if not(args[1] or args.txt) then args = frame:getParent().args end
	local txt = mw.text.trim(args[1] or args.txt or &quot;&quot;)
	if txt == &quot;&quot; then return nil end
	local function v2p (x)
		x = (tonumber(x) or 0) * 100
		if x == math.floor(x) then x = math.floor(x) end
		return x .. &quot;%&quot;
	end
	txt = txt:gsub(&quot;%d[%d%.]*&quot;, v2p) -- store just the string
	return txt
end

-- one2a scans through a string, passed as either the first unnamed parameter or |txt=
-- it converts each occurrence of 'one ' into either 'a ' or 'an ' and returns the resultant string.
p.one2a = function(frame)
	local args = frame.args
	if not(args[1] or args.txt) then args = frame:getParent().args end
	local txt = mw.text.trim(args[1] or args.txt or &quot;&quot;)
	if txt == &quot;&quot; then return nil end
	txt = txt:gsub(&quot; one &quot;, &quot; a &quot;):gsub(&quot;^one&quot;, &quot;a&quot;):gsub(&quot;One &quot;, &quot;A &quot;):gsub(&quot;a ([aeiou])&quot;, &quot;an %1&quot;):gsub(&quot;A ([aeiou])&quot;, &quot;An %1&quot;)
	return txt
end

-- findpagetext returns the position of a piece of text in a page
-- First positional parameter or |text is the search text
-- Optional parameter |title is the page title, defaults to current page
-- Optional parameter |plain is either true for plain search (default) or false for Lua pattern search
-- Optional parameter |nomatch is the return value when no match is found; default is nil
p._findpagetext = function(args)
	-- process parameters
	local nomatch = args.nomatch or &quot;&quot;
	if nomatch == &quot;&quot; then nomatch = nil end
	--
	local text = mw.text.trim(args[1] or args.text or &quot;&quot;)
	if text == &quot;&quot; then return nil end
	--
	local title = args.title or &quot;&quot;
	local titleobj
	if title == &quot;&quot; then
		titleobj = mw.title.getCurrentTitle()
	else
		titleobj = mw.title.new(title)
	end
	--
	local plain = args.plain or &quot;&quot;
	if plain:sub(1, 1) == &quot;f&quot; then plain = false else plain = true end
	-- get the page content and look for 'text' - return position or nomatch
	local content = titleobj and titleobj:getContent()
	return content and mw.ustring.find(content, text, 1, plain) or nomatch
end
p.findpagetext = function(frame)
	local args = frame.args
	local pargs = frame:getParent().args
	for k, v in pairs(pargs) do
		args[k] = v
	end
	if not (args[1] or args.text) then return nil end
	-- just the first value
	return (p._findpagetext(args))
end

-- returns the decoded url. Inverse of parser function {{urlencode:val|TYPE}}
-- Type is:
-- QUERY decodes + to space (default)
-- PATH does no extra decoding
-- WIKI decodes _ to space
p._urldecode = function(url, type)
	url = url or &quot;&quot;
	type = (type == &quot;PATH&quot; or type == &quot;WIKI&quot;) and type
	return mw.uri.decode( url, type )
end
-- {{#invoke:String2|urldecode|url=url|type=type}}
p.urldecode = function(frame)
	return mw.uri.decode( frame.args.url, frame.args.type )
end

-- what follows was merged from [[Module:StringFunc]]

-- Argument list helper function, as per [[Module:String]]
function p._getParameters( frame_args, arg_list )
    local new_args = {};
    local index = 1;
    local value;
    
    for i,arg in ipairs( arg_list ) do
        value = frame_args[arg]
        if value == nil then
            value = frame_args[index];
            index = index + 1;
        end
        new_args[arg] = value;
    end
    
    return new_args;
end        

-- Escape Pattern helper function so that all characters are treated as plain text, as per [[Module:String]]
function p._escapePattern( pattern_str )
	return mw.ustring.gsub( pattern_str, &quot;([%(%)%.%%%+%-%*%?%[%^%$%]])&quot;, &quot;%%%1&quot; )
end

-- Helper Function to interpret boolean strings, as per [[Module:String]]
function p._getBoolean( boolean_str )
    local boolean_value;
    
    if type( boolean_str ) == 'string' then
        boolean_str = boolean_str:lower();
        if boolean_str == 'false' or boolean_str == 'no' or boolean_str == '0' 
                or boolean_str == '' then
            boolean_value = false;
        else
            boolean_value = true;
        end    
    elseif type( boolean_str ) == 'boolean' then
        boolean_value = boolean_str;
    else
        error( 'No boolean value found' );
    end    
    return boolean_value
end

--[[
Strip

This function Strips characters from string

Usage:
{{#invoke:String2|strip|source_string|characters_to_strip|plain_flag}}

Parameters
	source: The string to strip
	chars:  The pattern or list of characters to strip from string, replaced with ''
	plain:  A flag indicating that the chars should be understood as plain text. defaults to true.

Leading and trailing whitespace is also automatically stripped from the string.
]]
function p.strip( frame )
	local new_args = p._getParameters( frame.args,  {'source', 'chars', 'plain'} )
	local source_str = new_args['source'] or ''
	local chars = new_args['chars'] or '' or 'characters'
	source_str = mw.text.trim(source_str)
	if source_str == '' or chars == '' then
		return source_str
	end
	local l_plain = p._getBoolean( new_args['plain'] or true )
	if l_plain then
		chars = p._escapePattern( chars )
	end
	local result
	result = mw.ustring.gsub(source_str, &quot;[&quot;..chars..&quot;]&quot;, '')
	return result
end

--[[
Match any
Returns the index of the first given pattern to match the input. Patterns must be consecutively numbered.
Returns the empty string if nothing matches for use in {{#if:}}

Usage:
	{{#invoke:String2|matchAll|source=123 abc|456|abc}} returns '2'.

Parameters:
	source: the string to search
	plain:  A flag indicating that the patterns should be understood as plain text. defaults to true.
	1, 2, 3, ...: the patterns to search for
]]
function p.matchAny(frame)
	local source_str = frame.args['source'] or error('The source parameter is mandatory.')
	local l_plain = p._getBoolean( frame.args['plain'] or true )
	for i = 1, math.huge do
		local pattern = frame.args[i]
		if not pattern then return '' end
		if mw.ustring.find(source_str, pattern, 1, l_plain) then
			return tostring(i)
		end
	end
end

--[[--------------------------&lt; H Y P H E N _ T O _ D A S H &gt;--------------------------------------------------

Converts a hyphen to a dash under certain conditions.  The hyphen must separate
like items; unlike items are returned unmodified.  These forms are modified:
	letter - letter (A - B)
	digit - digit (4-5)
	digit separator digit - digit separator digit (4.1-4.5 or 4-1-4-5)
	letterdigit - letterdigit (A1-A5) (an optional separator between letter and
		digit is supported – a.1-a.5 or a-1-a-5)
	digitletter - digitletter (5a - 5d) (an optional separator between letter and
		digit is supported – 5.a-5.d or 5-a-5-d)

any other forms are returned unmodified.

str may be a comma- or semicolon-separated list

]]
function p.hyphen_to_dash( str, spacing )
	if (str == nil or str == '') then
		return str
	end

	local accept

	str = mw.text.decode(str, true )											-- replace html entities with their characters; semicolon mucks up the text.split

	local out = {}
	local list = mw.text.split (str, '%s*[,;]%s*')								-- split str at comma or semicolon separators if there are any

	for _, item in ipairs (list) do												-- for each item in the list
		item = mw.text.trim(item)												-- trim whitespace
		item, accept = item:gsub ('^%(%((.+)%)%)$', '%1')
		if accept == 0 and mw.ustring.match (item, '^%w*[%.%-]?%w+%s*[%-–—]%s*%w*[%.%-]?%w+$') then	-- if a hyphenated range or has endash or emdash separators
			if item:match ('^%a+[%.%-]?%d+%s*%-%s*%a+[%.%-]?%d+$') or			-- letterdigit hyphen letterdigit (optional separator between letter and digit)
				item:match ('^%d+[%.%-]?%a+%s*%-%s*%d+[%.%-]?%a+$') or			-- digitletter hyphen digitletter (optional separator between digit and letter)
				item:match ('^%d+[%.%-]%d+%s*%-%s*%d+[%.%-]%d+$') or			-- digit separator digit hyphen digit separator digit
				item:match ('^%d+%s*%-%s*%d+$') or								-- digit hyphen digit
				item:match ('^%a+%s*%-%s*%a+$') then							-- letter hyphen letter
					item = item:gsub ('(%w*[%.%-]?%w+)%s*%-%s*(%w*[%.%-]?%w+)', '%1–%2')	-- replace hyphen, remove extraneous space characters
			else
				item = mw.ustring.gsub (item, '%s*[–—]%s*', '–')				-- for endash or emdash separated ranges, replace em with en, remove extraneous whitespace
			end
		end
		table.insert (out, item)												-- add the (possibly modified) item to the output table
	end

	local temp_str = table.concat (out, ',' .. spacing)							-- concatenate the output table into a comma separated string
	temp_str, accept = temp_str:gsub ('^%(%((.+)%)%)$', '%1')					-- remove accept-this-as-written markup when it wraps all of concatenated out
	if accept ~= 0 then
		temp_str = str:gsub ('^%(%((.+)%)%)$', '%1')							-- when global markup removed, return original str; do it this way to suppress boolean second return value
	end
	return temp_str
end

function p.hyphen2dash( frame )
	local str = frame.args[1] or ''
	local spacing = frame.args[2] or ' ' -- space is part of the standard separator for normal spacing (but in conjunction with templates r/rp/ran we may need a narrower spacing

	return p.hyphen_to_dash(str, spacing)
end

-- Similar to [[Module:String#endswith]]
function p.startswith(frame)
	return (frame.args[1]:sub(1, frame.args[2]:len()) == frame.args[2]) and 'yes' or ''
end

-- Implements [[Template:Isnumeric]]
function p.isnumeric(frame)
	local s = frame.args[1] or frame:getParent().args[1]
	local boolean = (frame.args.boolean or frame:getParent().args.boolean) == 'true'
	if type(s) == 'string' and mw.getContentLanguage():parseFormattedNumber( s ) then
		return boolean and 1 or s
	end
	return boolean and 0 or ''
end

-- Checks if a value in a group of numbers is not an interger.
-- Allows usage of an |empty= parameter to allow empty values to be skipped.
function p.isInteger(frame)
	local values = frame.args or frame:getParent().args
	local allow_empty = frame.args.empty or frame:getParent().args.empty

	for _, value in ipairs(values) do
		-- Trim spaces
		value = value and value:gsub(&quot;^%s*(.-)%s*$&quot;, &quot;%1&quot;)
		if value == &quot;&quot; or value == nil then
			if not allow_empty then
				return false  -- Empty values are not allowed
			end
		else
			value = tonumber(value)
			if not (type(value) == &quot;number&quot; and value == math.floor(value)) then
				return false
			end
		end
	end

	return true
end

-- Returns an error found in a string.
function p.getError(frame)
	local text = frame.args[1] or frame:getParent().args[1]
	local error_message = text:match('(&lt;strong class=&quot;error&quot;&gt;.-&lt;/strong&gt;)')
	return error_message or nil
end

return p</text>
      <sha1>ph89g30kzy2uwl0t05s6jtpby1w86b8</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Judy Ann Santos</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>20683</id>
    <revision>
      <id>306728</id>
      <parentid>296214</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-19T20:41:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>17127</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
      <origin>306728</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="48488" sha1="d9ci1ratbe4nr7ml3hip7x1y1cj6sas" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person
| name        = Judy Ann Santos- Agoncillo
| image       = Judy Ann Santos (2008).jpg
| alt         = 
| caption     = 
| birth_name  = Judy Anne Lumagui Santos-Agoncillo
| birth_date  = {{Birth date and age|1978|5|11}}
| birth_place = [[Manila]], [[Filipinas]]
| death_date  = 
| death_place = 
| nationality = 
| other_names = 
| known_for   = 
| occupation  = Aktres, [[prodyuser nin pelikula]], [[Paraluto]]
| years_active = 1986–Ngunyan
| spouse      = [[Ryan Agoncillo]] (2009-ngunyan)
| partner     = 
| website     =  
}}

Si '''Judy Anne Lumagui Santos''' (namundag kan Mayo 11, 1978) sarong Filipinang aktres asin prodyuser nin pelikula. Mabunga sa pelikula asin telebisyon sa Filipinas, asin midbid sa saiyang dramatiko asin komedya na mga papel sa mga blockbuster asin independienteng mga pelikula, siring man sa saiyang mga paglaladawan sa mga inaapi asin tios na mga kababaihan. Nag-ako siya nin manlaen-laen na mga pag-omaw, kabali an sarong Cairo International Film Festival Award, sarong Gawad Urian, duwang Luna Awards, tolong Metro Manila Film Festival Awards, asin tolong FAMAS Awards.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Judy Ann Santos – Biography&quot;. Official Website of Judy Ann Santos. Archived from the original on August 5, 2017. Retrieved March 1, 2022.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Telebisyon ==
===Bilang Aktres===
====1988 hanggan 1995====
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; 
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
! style=&quot;background:#B0C4DE;&quot; | Taon
! style=&quot;background:#B0C4DE;&quot; | Titulo
! style=&quot;background:#B0C4DE;&quot; | Papel
! style=&quot;background:#B0C4DE;&quot; | Prodyuser
! style=&quot;background:#B0C4DE;&quot; | Direktor
! style=&quot;background:#B0C4DE;&quot; | Notes
|-
| rowspan = 5 | 1988
| ''Silang Mga Sisiw Sa Lansangan''&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0438430/ Silang mga sisiw sa lansangan (1988)] ''IMDb''. Retrieved 7-01-2012&lt;/ref&gt;
| Crisanta
|
|
|
|-
| ''Sa Akin Pa Rin Ang Bukas''&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0418122/ Sa Akin Pa Rin Ang Bukas (1988)] ''IMDb''. Retrieved 7-01-2012.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Batang  Maricel Soriano
| Regal Films
| Artemio Marquez
| 
|-
| ''Lost Command''&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0422665/ Lost Command (1988)] ''IMDb''. Retrieved 7-01-2012&lt;/ref&gt;
|
| Cine Suerte
| Ben Yalung
| Nominated: Best Child Actress (FAMAS 1988)&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.imdb.com/event/ev0000232/1989 FAMAS Nominees for 1988] ''IMDb''. Retrieved 7-01-2012&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| ''Nasaan Ka Inay?''&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0465233/ Nasaan ka inay (1988)] ''IMDb''. Retrieved 07-01-2012.&lt;/ref&gt;
|
| Regal Films
| Artemio Marquez
|
|-
| ''Sana Mahalin Mo Ako''&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0312938/ Sana mahalin mo ako (1988)] ''IMDb''. Retrieved 07-01-2012.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Batang Catherine
| Regal Films
| Artemio Marquez
|
|-
| rowspan = 2 | 1989
| ''Kung Maibabalik Ko Lang''&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0438136/ Kung maibabalik ko lang (1989)] ''IMDb''. Retrieved 07-01-2012&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0438136/fullcredits Kung maibabalik ko lang- Full Cast] ''IMDb''. Retrieved 07-01-2012.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Tammy
| Regal Films
| Artemio Marquez
|
|-
| ''Regal Shocker: The Movie''&lt;br /&gt;&quot;Ang Aparador&quot; &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0955323/ Regal Shocker (The Movie) (1989)] ''IMDb''. Retrieved 07-1-2012.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://tfcnow.abs-cbn.com/episodedetails.aspx?showid=1086&amp;eid=23588&amp;rid=358b6a5c-e717-4612-b853-66ce09272e29 Regal Shocker (The Movie)- Aparador, Pangako and Karambola]{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} ''TFC Now - ABS-CBN''. Retrieved 07-01-2012.&lt;/ref&gt;
|
| Regal Films
| Jose Javier Reyes
|
|-
| rowspan = 2 | 1990
| ''Dyesebel''&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0422151/ Dyesebel (1990)] ''IMDb''. Retrieved 07-01-2012.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20090124234953/http://www.geocities.com/pelikulaatlipunan2006/film_guide.html De Leon, Gerardo (director) and Pierre Salas (screenplay). ''Dyesebel'' (1953 black-and-white film), Premiere Productions (producer), Geocities.com, screening time: 26 Pebrero 2006 6:00 PM], retrieved on: 8 Agosto 2007&lt;/ref&gt;
| Iday
| Regal Films
| Mel Chionglo
|
|-
| ''Wanted: Pamilya Banal''&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0467372/ Wanted: Pamilya Banal (1989)] ''IMDb''. Retrieved 07-01-2012.&lt;/ref&gt;
| young Lorena
| FPJ Productions
| Pablo P. Santiago
|
|-
| rowspan = 3 | 1991
| ''Sa Puso Ko Hahalik Ang Mundo''&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0438385/fullcredits#cast Sa puso ko hahalik ang mundo (1988)] ''IMDb''. Retrieved 07-01-2012.&lt;/ref&gt;
| young Claudia
| Regal Films
| Artemio Marquez
|
|-
| ''Madonna, Ang Babaeng Ahas''&lt;ref&gt;[http://tfcnow.abs-cbn.com/episodedetails.aspx?showid=830&amp;eid=19668&amp;rid=5e618004-a1d9-4574-84a6-71c9dbc0cf7d Madonna: Babaeng Ahas]{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} ''TFC Now - ABS-CBN''. Retrieved 07-01-2012&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.clickthecity.com/movies/detail/RXO42t/madonna-ang-babaeng-ahas Madonna, Ang Babaeng Ahas Starring Snooky Serna and Eric Quizon] ''Click The City''. Retrieved 07-01-2012&lt;/ref&gt;
| young Madonna
| [[Regal Films]]
| Artemio Marquez
|
|-
| ''Impaktita''&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0417777/ Impaktita (1989)] ''IMDb''. Retrieved 07-01-2012&lt;/ref&gt;
| Batang Cita
| [[Regal Films]]
|
|
|-
| 1993
| ''Manila Boy''&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0438216/ Manila Boy (1993)] ''IMDb''. Retrieved 07-01-1992&lt;/ref&gt;
| Neneng
| Pioneer Films
| Arturo San Agustin
|
|-
| 1994
| ''Father en Son''
|
| RVQ Productions
| Rodolfo V. Quizon
| [[Metro Manila Film Festival]] Entry
|-
| rowspan = 2 | 1995
| ''Dog Tag: Katarungan Sa Aking Kamay''&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0437972/ Dog Tag: Katarungan sa aking kamay (1995)] ''IMDb''. Retrieved 07-01-2012.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Claudia
|
| Augusto Salvador
| Billed as Judy Ann &quot;Mara&quot; Santos
|-
| ''Bawal na Gamot Part 2''&lt;ref&gt;[http://cinema.theiapolis.com/movie-0S73/bawal-na-gamot-2/ Bawal na gamot 2] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160122221417/http://cinema.theiapolis.com/movie-0S73/bawal-na-gamot-2/ |date=2016-01-22 }} ''Thieapolis Cinema''. Retrieved 07-01-2012.&lt;/ref&gt;
|
|
| Francis Posadas
|
|}

====1996 hanggan 1999====
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; 
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
! style=&quot;background:#B0C4DE;&quot; | Taon
! style=&quot;background:#B0C4DE;&quot; | Titulo
! style=&quot;background:#B0C4DE;&quot; | Papel
! style=&quot;background:#B0C4DE;&quot; | Prodyuser
! style=&quot;background:#B0C4DE;&quot; | Direktor
! style=&quot;background:#B0C4DE;&quot; | Notes
|-
| rowspan=3 | 1996
| ''Sana Naman''&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0354892/fullcredits Sana naman (1996)] ''IMDb''. Retrieved 07-01-2012.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Bless
| MaQ
| Boots Plata
|
|-
| ''[[Mara Clara]]: The Movie''&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0354728/ Mara Clara: The Movie (1996)] ''IMDb''. Retrieved 07-01-2012.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;abs-cbnnews.com&quot;&gt;[http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/entertainment/01/09/10/judy-ann-mara-clara-turning-point-me Judy Ann: 'Mara Clara' a turning point for me] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150102172300/http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/entertainment/01/09/10/judy-ann-mara-clara-turning-point-me |date=2015-01-02 }} ''ABS-CBN News''. Retrieved 06-30-2012.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Mara 
| Star Cinema
| Emil Cruz Jr./Jerry Lopez Sineneng
|
|-
| ''Kung Alam Mo Lang''&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0378221/ Kung alam mo lang (1996)] ''IMDb''. Retrieved 07-01-2012.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Anna
| MaQ
| Boots Plata
|
|-
| rowspan=8 | 1997
| ''Ako Ba Ang Nasa Puso Mo?''&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0377344/ Ako ba ang nasa puso mo? (1997)] ''IMDb''. Retrieved 07-01-2012.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Teresa
| MaQ
| [[Jose Javier Reyes]]
|
|-
| ''Kulayan Natin Ang Bukas''&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0382132/ Kulayan natin ang bukas (1997)] ''IMDb''. Retrieved 07-01-2012.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Maria Elisa (Mariles)
| [[Regal Films]]
| Boots Plata
|
|-
| ''Nasaan Ka Nang Kailangan Kita?''&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0381444/ Nasaan ka nang kailangan kita (1996)] ''IMDb''. Retrieved 07-01-2012.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Stefanie(Stef)
| [[Regal Films]]
| Boots Plata
|
|-
| ''Paano Ang Puso Ko?''&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0127064/ Paano ang puso ko? (1997)] ''IMDb''. Retrieved 07-01-2012.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Cecile
| [[Star Cinema]]
| Rory Quintos
|
|-
| ''Wow... Multo''&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0380067/ Wow... Multo! (1997)] ''IMDb''. Retrieved 07-01-2012.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Judy
| MaQ
| Tony Y. Reyes
|
|-
| ''Sanggano''&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0335393/ Sanggano (1997)] ''IMDb''. Retrieved 07-01-2012.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Angelica
| MegaVision
| Toto Natividad
|
|-
| ''Babae''&lt;ref&gt;[http://tagalogmoviesph.com/Babae/ Babae (2005)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200407094224/http://tagalogmoviesph.com/Babae/ |date=2020-04-07 }} ''Tagalog Movies''. Retrieved 07-01-2012.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Alex
| Gem/Premiere
| Sigrid Andrea Bernardo
| Nominated: MMFF-P Supporting Actress category&lt;ref name=&quot;filmacad&quot;&gt;[http://filmacademyphil.org/?page_id=1156 Judy Ann Santos Awards and Nominations] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101103035003/http://filmacademyphil.org/?page_id=1156 |date=2010-11-03 }} ''Film Academy''. Retrieved 07-01-2012.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| ''Nasaan Ang Puso?''&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0216937/ Nasaan Ang Puso? (Where Is The Heart)] ''IMDb''. Retrieved 07-01-2012.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Ria
| MaQ
| [[Chito S. Roño]]
| Nominated: MMFF-P Supporting Actress category, FAMAS and FAP Supporting Actress category.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0216937/awards Nasaan Ang Puso Awards and Nominations] ''IMDb''. Retrieved 07-01-2012.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=5 | 1998
| ''Babangon Ang Huling Patak Ng Dugo''&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0381024/ Babangon ang huling patak ng dugo (1997)] ''IMDb''. Retrieved 07-01-2012.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.clickthecity.com/movies/detail/g1TVY1/babangon-ang-huling-patak-ng-dugo-1998 Babangon ang Huling Patak ng Dugo- Film] ''Click The City''. Retrieved 07-01-2012.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Isabel
| Rockfield Ent. Co.
| Jose Balagtas
|
|-
| ''Muling Ibalik Ang Tamis Ng Pag-ibig''&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0354753/ Muling ibalik ang tamis ng pag-ibig (1998)] ''IMDb''. Retrieved 07-01-2012.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Milet
| Star Cinema
| Boots Plata
|
|-
| ''I'm Sorry, My Love''&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0250432/ I'm Sorry, My Love (1998)] ''IMDb''. Retrieved 07-01-2012.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/im-sorry-my-love/ Im Sorry, My Love - Filipino film] ''Rotten Tomatoes''. Retrieved 07-01-2012.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Tinay
| [[Viva Films]]
| [[Joyce Bernal]]
|
|-
| ''Kay Tagal Kang Hinintay''&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0170104/ Kay tagal kang hinintay (1998)] ''IMDb''. Retrieved 07-01-2012.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Anna
| Star Cinema
| Rory Quintos
| Nominated: Best Actress (FAMAS 1999)&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0170104/awards Judy Ann Santos for Best Actress in FAMAS 1999] ''IMDb''. Retrieved 07-01-2012.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| ''Kasal-kasalan... Sakalan''&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/kasalkasalan/ Kasal Kasalan... Sakalan - Filipino film] ''Rotten Tomatoes''. Retrieved 07-01-2012&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.clickthecity.com/movies/detail/8H0aOA/kasal-kasalan-sakalan-1998 Kasal-Kasalan Sakalan (Philippines)] ''Clic The City''. Retrieved 07-01-2012.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Milet
| Crown Seven Ventures/Solar Films
| Edgardo Vinarao
|  Nominated: MMFF-P Lead Actress category&lt;ref name=&quot;filmacad&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0410154/awards Judy Ann Santos Best Actress for MMFF] ''IMDb''. Retrieved 07-01-2012.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=5 | 1999
| ''My Pledge of Love''&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/my-pledge-of-love/ My Pledge of Love - 1999 Philippines' Film] ''Rotten Tomatoes''. Retrieved 07-01-2012.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Raida
| Viva Films
| Boots Plata
|
|-
| ''Gimik: The Reunion''&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0332081/ Gimik: The Reunion (1999)] ''IMDb''. Retrieved 07-01-2012.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Dianne Villaruel
| [[Star Cinema]]
| [[Laurenti Dyogi]]
|
|-
| ''Isusumbong Kita Sa Tatay Ko''&lt;ref name=&quot;boxoffice&quot;&gt;[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0343843/ Isusumbong kita sa tatay ko (1999)] ''IMDb''. Retrieved 07-01-2012.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Joey
| Star Cinema/FPJ Productions
| Boots Plata
| First Philippine-produced movie in Philippine history to have reached and exceeded the PHP 100 million mark in the box office;&lt;ref name=&quot;boxoffice&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.abs-cbn.com/star-cinema/corporate_info.html Star Cinema]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| ''Dito Sa Puso Ko''&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0289156/ Dito sa puso ko (1999)] ''IMDb''. Retrieved 07-01-2012&lt;/ref&gt;
| Ligaya Tatlonghari
| Viva Films
| [[Eric Quizon]]
|
|-
| ''[[Esperanza]]: The Movie''&lt;ref&gt;[http://tfcnow.abs-cbn.com/shows.aspx?showid=57 Esperanza The Movie] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100821224332/http://tfcnow.abs-cbn.com/shows.aspx?showid=57 |date=2010-08-21 }} ''TFC Now - ABS-CBN''. Retrieved 07-01-2012.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Esperanza Estrera
| Star Cinema
| Jerry Lopez Sineneng
|
|}

====2000 hanggan 2002====
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; 
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
! style=&quot;background:#B0C4DE;&quot; | Taon
! style=&quot;background:#B0C4DE;&quot; | Titulo
! style=&quot;background:#B0C4DE;&quot; | Papel
! style=&quot;background:#B0C4DE;&quot; | Prodyuser
! style=&quot;background:#B0C4DE;&quot; | Direktor
! style=&quot;background:#B0C4DE;&quot; | Notes
|-
| 26 Hulyo 2000
| ''Pera O Bayong''&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0345783/combined Pera o bayong (Not da TV) (2000)] ''IMDb''. Retrieved 7-01-2012&lt;/ref&gt;
| (cameo)
| [[Star Cinema]]
| Edgar Mortiz
|
|-
| 11 Oktubre 2000
| ''Minsan Ko Lang Sasabihin''&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0347547/fullcredits Minsan ko lang sasabihin (2000) Full Casts and Crew] ''IMDb''. Retrieved 7-01-2012.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Anna Liwanag
| Millennium Cinema
| Danilo P. Cabreira
| Santos first and only film with [[Bong Revilla, Jr.]].
|-
| 15 Nobyembre 2000
| ''Kahit Isang Saglit''&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0325671/ Kahit isang saglit (2000)] ''IMDb''. Retrieved 07-01-2012.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Annie
| [[Star Cinema]]
| Gilbert Perez
|
|-
| 20 Hunyo 2001
| ''Luv Text''&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0349763/ Luv Text (2001)] ''IMDb''. Retrieved 7-01-2012.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Melissa
| Maverick
| Rowell Santiago
| Santos last film with his first love team Wowie De Guzman.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.pep.ph/news/19325/judy-ann-santos-misses-former-screen-partner-wowie-de-guzman Judy Ann Santos misses former screen partner Wowie de Guzman] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210517093510/https://www.pep.ph/news/19325/judy-ann-santos-misses-former-screen-partner-wowie-de-guzman |date=2021-05-17 }} ''Philippine Entertainment Portal''. Author: Ruel Mendoza. Retrieved 6-30-2012&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 18 Hulyo 2001
| ''Mahal Kita...Kahit Sino Ka Pa''&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0349767/ Mahal kita... Kahit sino ka pa! (2001)] ''IMDb''. Retrieved 07-01-2012.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Karen
| MMG
| Jose Balagtas
| Santos team-up with [[Mikey Arroyo]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.cbcpworld.com/cinema/archives/2001/html/mahalkitakahitsinokapa.html MAHAL KITA... KAHIT SINO KA PA] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304123917/http://www.cbcpworld.com/cinema/archives/2001/html/mahalkitakahitsinokapa.html |date=2016-03-04 }} ''Catholic Initiative For Enlightened Movie Appreciation'' (CINEMA). Retrieved 07-01-2012.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 29 Agosto 2001
| ''Bakit 'Di Totohanin''&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0343397/ Bakit 'di totohanin (2001)] ''IMDb''. Retrieved 07-01-2012.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Kate/Katong
| [[Star Cinema]]
| Boots Plata
| Santos successful movie with new actor (at that time), [[Piolo Pascual]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.cbcpworld.com/cinema/archives/2001/html/bakitditotohanin.html BAKIT DI TOTOHANIN - Juday-Piolo Love Team] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304105304/http://www.cbcpworld.com/cinema/archives/2001/html/bakitditotohanin.html |date=2016-03-04 }} ''Catholic Initiative For Enlightened Movie Appreciation'' (CINEMA). Retrieved 07-01-2012.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 9 Enero 2002
| ''Walang Iwanan... Peksman!''&lt;ref name=&quot;walang&quot;&gt;[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0350302/ Walang iwanan... Peksman! (2002)] ''IMDb''. Retrieved 07-01-2012.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Helen
| Jolo Films
| Toto Natividad
| Santos film with [[Bayani Agbayani]].&lt;ref name=&quot;walang&quot; /&gt;
|-
| 30 Enero 2002
| ''May Pag-ibig Pa Kaya?''&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0349798/ May Pag-ibig Pa Kaya? (2002)] ''IMDb''. Retrieved 07-01-2012.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Emily
| Starlight
| Jose N. Carreon
| Santos film with [[Luis Alandy]] and her real life friend, Matet De Leon.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.cbcpworld.com/cinema/archives/2002/feb2002/maypagibigpakaya.html MAY PAG-IBIG PA KAYA?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090106054713/http://www.cbcpworld.com/cinema/archives/2002/feb2002/maypagibigpakaya.html |date=2009-01-06 }} ''Catholic Initiative For Enlightened Movie Appreciation'' (CINEMA). Retrieved 07-01-2012.&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| 22 Mayo 2002
| ''Akala Mo...''&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0324975/ Akala mo... (2002)] ''IMDb''. Retrieved 07-01-2012.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Rizzette
| Viva Films
| Lyle Sacris
| Santos film with [[Dingdong Dantes]], and her only film with a role of a lady security guard.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/akala-mo/ Akala mo... (2002) Synopsis and Cast] ''Rotten Tomatoes''. Retrieved 07-01-2012.&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
| 12 Hunyo 2002
| ''Magkapatid''&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0325771/ Magkapatid (2002)] ''IMDb''. Retrieved 07-01-2012.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Lisa
| [[Viva Films]]
| [[Joel Lamangan]]
| Santos' film with Megastar, [[Sharon Cuneta]]. The movie leads her to a title ''Young Superstar''.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.interaksyon.com/entertainment/judy-ann-bares-fear-of-poverty-on-sharon-pilot-episode/ Judy Ann bares fear of poverty on ‘Sharon’ pilot episode] ''Interaksyon''. Retrieved 6-30-2012.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 31 Hulyo 2002
| ''Pakisabi Na Lang... Mahal Ko Siya''&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0328232/ Pakisabi na lang... Mahal ko siya (2002)] ''IMDb''. Retrieved 7-01-2012.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Geraldine
| [[Regal Films]]
| Boots Plata
| Santos film with Cogie Domingo.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.cbcpworld.com/cinema/archives/2002/aug2002/pakisabinalang.html PAKISABI NA LANG MAHAL KO SIYA - Movie of Juday and Cogie] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304123925/http://www.cbcpworld.com/cinema/archives/2002/aug2002/pakisabinalang.html |date=2016-03-04 }} ''Catholic Initiative For Enlightened Movie Appreciation'' (CINEMA). Retrieved 07-01-2012.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 28 Agosto 2002
| ''[[Jologs]]''&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0336669/fullcredits Jologs (2002) -Full Cast and Crew] ''IMDb''. Retrieved 07-01-2012.&lt;/ref&gt;
| (cameo) Coffee Shop customer
| [[Star Cinema]]
| Gilbert Perez
| &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.cbcpworld.com/cinema/archives/2002/aug2002/jologs.html JOLOGS] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120424133731/http://www.cbcpworld.com/cinema/archives/2002/aug2002/jologs.html |date=2012-04-24 }} ''Catholic Initiative For Enlightened Movie Appreciation'' (CINEMA). Retrieved 07-01-2012.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 23 Oktubre 2002
| ''Jeannie, Bakit Ngayon Ka Lang?''&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0343857/ Jeannie, bakit ngayon ka lang? (2002)] ''IMDb''. Retrieved 07-01-2012.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Jeannie
| Viva Films
| Ike Jarlego, Jr.
| Santos film with [[Robin Padilla]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/jeannie-bakit-ngayon-ka-lang/ Jeannie, bakit ngayon ka lang (2002)] ''Rotten Tomatoes''. Retrieved 07-01-2012.&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

====2003 hanggan 2009====
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; 
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
! style=&quot;background:#B0C4DE;&quot; | Taon
! style=&quot;background:#B0C4DE;&quot; | Titulo
! style=&quot;background:#B0C4DE;&quot; | Papel
! style=&quot;background:#B0C4DE;&quot; | Prodyuser
! style=&quot;background:#B0C4DE;&quot; | Direktor
! style=&quot;background:#B0C4DE;&quot; | CEB Marka
! style=&quot;background:#B0C4DE;&quot; | Notes
|-
| 30 Abril 2003
| ''[[Till There Was You (2003 film)|Till There Was You]]''&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0364067/ Till There Was You (2003)] ''IMDb''. Retrieved 07-01-2012.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Joanna Boborol
| [[Star Cinema]]
| [[Joyce Bernal]]
|
|
|-
| 25 Disyembre 2003
| ''Mano Po 2: My Home''&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0392413/ Mano po 2: My Home at 2003 MMFF] ''IMDb''. Retrieved 07-01-2012.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Grace Tan
| [[Regal Films]]
| Erik Matti
| B
| Santos won the ENPRESS Awards, Best Supporting Actress.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0392413/awards Juday Won Best Supporting Actress at ENPRESS] ''IMDb''. Retrieved 07-01-2012.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 5 Mayo 2004
| ''I Will Survive''&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0408896/ I Will Survive (2004)] ''IMDb''. Retrieved 07-01-2012.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Mylene
| [[Regal Films]]
| [[Joel Lamangan]]
| B
| Santos was nominated at the ENPRESS Awards for &quot;Best Performance by an Actress in a Leading Role(Musical or Comedy)&quot; category.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0408896/awards ENPRESS Nominations for I Will Survive (2004)] ''IMDb''. Retrieved 07-01-2012.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 23 Hunyo 2004
| ''Sabel''&lt;ref&gt;[http://movies.msn.com/movies/movie/sabel/ Sabel (2004 film)] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20130103213209/http://movies.msn.com/movies/movie/sabel/ |date=2013-01-03 }} ''MSN.com''. Retrieved 07-01-2012.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Sabel
| [[Regal Films]]
| Joel Lamangan
| B
| An entry for the 2004 [[Metro Manila Film Festival]] wherein she won as &quot;Best Actress&quot; at the 2005 ''FAP Awards'', 2005 ''Gawad Urian Awards'' and ''ENPRESS Awards''.&lt;ref name=&quot;juday&quot;&gt;[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0419105/awards Judy Ann Santos- Award Winning Actress for Sabel] ''IMDb''. Retrieved 07-01-2012.&lt;/ref&gt; She was also nominated as &quot;Best Actress&quot; at the FAMAS Awards.&lt;ref name=&quot;juday&quot; /&gt;
|-
| Disyembre  25, 2004
| ''[[Aishite Imasu 1941: Mahal Kita]]''&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0421572/ Aishite imasu (Mahal kita) 1941 (2004)] ''IMDb''. Retrieved 07-01-2012&lt;/ref&gt;
| Inya
| BAS Films/Regal Films
| Joel Lamangan
| B
| Official entry at the [[2004 Metro Manila Film Festival]]. Santos was nominated as &quot;Best Actress&quot; on ''PMPC Star Awards'', ''PASADO Awards'' and ''MMFF Awards''.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0421572/awards Aishite imasu (Mahal kita) 1941 - List of Awards and Nominations] ''IMDb''. Retrieved 07-01-2012&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|  8 Enero 2006
| ''[[Don't Give Up on Us]]''&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0496693/ Don't Give Up on Us (2006)] ''IMDb''.Retrieved 07-01-2012&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/dont-give-up-on-us/ Don't Give Up on Us (2006)] ''Rotten Tomatoes''. Retrieved 07-01-2012&lt;/ref&gt;
| Abby Trinidad
| [[Star Cinema]]
| [[Joyce Bernal]]
| B
| Santos got nominated as &quot;Best Actress&quot; at the ''FAP Awards''.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0496693/awards Awards for Don't Give Up on Us (2006)] ''IMDb''. Retrieved 07-01-2012.&lt;/ref&gt; This is Santos' last movie with [[Piolo Pascual]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.newsflash.org/2004/02/sb/sb003796.htm Juday-Piolo at Dont Give Up On Us] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120602123403/http://www.newsflash.org/2004/02/sb/sb003796.htm |date=2012-06-02 }} ''NewsFlash''. Author: Ricky Lo. Retrieved 6-30-2012.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 15 Enero 2006
| ''Miss Pinoy''&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0757907/recommendations Miss Pinoy 2006] ''IMDb''. Retrieved 07-01-2012.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Dona
| Bluart Production
| Bona Fajardo
|
| 
|-
| 9 Agosto 2006
| ''Umaaraw, Umuulan''&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0847766/ Umaaraw, umuulan (2006)] ''IMDb''. Retrieved 07-01-2012.&lt;/ref&gt;
| (cameo)
| Eight Elephants Productions
| Richard Arellano
|
|
|-
| 25 Disyembre 2006
| ''[[Kasal, Kasali, Kasalo]]''&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0877651/ Kasal, kasali, kasalo (2006)] ''IMDb''. Retrieved 07-01-2012.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Angie
| [[Star Cinema]]
| [[Jose Javier Reyes]]
| A
| Santos blockbuster movie with husband, [[Ryan Agoncillo]].She won 5 &quot;Best Actress&quot; including ''MMFF'', ''ENPRESS'', ''PMPC Star Awards'', ''FAMAS'' and ''FAP Awards''.&lt;ref name=&quot;wonJuday&quot;&gt;[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0877651/awards Kasal,Kasali,Kasalo Hakot awards] ''IMDb''. Retrieved 07-01-2012.&lt;/ref&gt; She also won &quot;Movie Actress of the Year&quot; at the ''Star Awards for movies''.&lt;ref name=&quot;wonJuday&quot; /&gt;
|-
| 25 Hulyo 2007
| ''[[Ouija (film)|Ouija]]''&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/28515/showbiz/judy-ann-jolina-movie-finally-pushes-through Judy Ann-Jolina movie finally pushes through] ''GMA News''. Retrieved 6-30-2012.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Aileen
| [[Viva Films]] and [[GMA Films]]
| Topel Lee
| A
| Santos won &quot;Best Actress&quot; in ''PASADO Awards'' in a Horror film.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.pep.ph/news/17392/Judy-Ann-Santos-and-Joel-Torre-win-top-acting-honors-at-the-10th-Gawad-Pasado Judy Ann Santos and Joel Torre win top acting honors at 10th Gawad Pasado] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141113084447/http://www.pep.ph/news/17392/Judy-Ann-Santos-and-Joel-Torre-win-top-acting-honors-at-the-10th-Gawad-Pasado |date=2014-11-13 }} ''PEP.ph''. Author: Erwin Santiago. Retrieved 6-30-2012.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 25 Disyembre 2007
| ''[[Sakal, Sakali, Saklolo]]''&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/74336/showbiz/pimentel-slams-slur-in-sakal-sakali-saklolo Pimentel slams slur in Sakal, Sakali, Saklolo] ''GMA News''. Retrieved 6-30-2012&lt;/ref&gt;
| Angie
| [[Star Cinema]]
| Jose Javier Reyes
| A
| A sequel to the blockbuster hit, [[Kasal, Kasali, Kasalo]].
|-
| 30 Abril 2008
| ''[[Ploning]]''
| Ploning
| Panoramanila Pictures Co.
| Dante Garcia
| A
| Santos produced this film. She won &quot;Best Actress&quot; in ''Tanglaw'' and ''Pasado Awards'' in an Indie Film. It also became the official entry of the Philippines for the ''Best Foreign Language Film'' category to the 2009 [[Academy Awards]].&lt;ref&gt;Jocelyn Dimaculangan (1 Setyembre 2008). [http://www.pep.ph/news/18974/Ploning-is-Philippine-entry-to-2009-Oscar-Awards%E2%80%99-best-foreign-language-film-category/14 &quot;Ploning&quot; is Philippine entry to 2009 Oscar Awards’ best foreign language film category&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150419153538/http://www.pep.ph/news/18974/Ploning-is-Philippine-entry-to-2009-Oscar-Awards%E2%80%99-best-foreign-language-film-category/14 |date=2015-04-19 }}. ''Philippine Entertainment Portal''.&lt;/ref&gt; Though she is signed under [[ABS-CBN]], the promotions for Ploning were done through [[GMA Network]] and [[GMA Films]].&lt;ref name=&quot;PepPloning&quot;&gt;[http://www.pep.ph/news/17152/Judy-Ann-Santos-appreciates-all-the-support-GMA-7-is-giving-to-Ploning Judy Ann Santos appreciates all the support GMA-7 is giving to &quot;Ploning&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160327165402/http://www.pep.ph/news/17152/judy-ann-santos-appreciates-all-the-support-gma-7-is-giving-to-ploning |date=2016-03-27 }} ''Philippine Entertainment Portal''. Author: Rommel L. Gonzales. Retrieved 6-30-2012.&lt;/ref&gt; The movie was also shown in ''Palm Springs International Film Festival'' and ''10th Newport Beach Film Festival'' in [[Palm Springs]] and Newport in [[California]] respectively.&lt;ref&gt;[http://newportbeach.bside.com/2009/films/ploning_newportbeach2009 Ploning in Newport] ''Newportbeach.bside.com''. Retrieved 2009-12-06.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.psfilmfest.org/news/detail.aspx?NID=165&amp;year=2008 20th ANNUAL PALM SPRINGS INTERNATIONAL FILM FESTIVAL] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090126203211/http://www.psfilmfest.org/news/detail.aspx?NID=165&amp;year=2008 |date=2009-01-26 }} ''Palm Springs International Fim Society''. Retrieved 2008-12-24.&lt;/ref&gt; It was also shown in 6th ''Paris Cinema International Film Festival''&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/105482/showbiz/paris-cinema-festival-honors-filipino-films &quot;Paris Cinema Festival honors Filipino films&quot;] ''GMA Network''. 2008-07-07. Retrieved 2008-12-24.&lt;/ref&gt;, Hong Kong Asian Independent Film Festival, 39th International Film Festival of India and Asian Festival of First Films in Singapore&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.asianfirstfilms.com/award2008.html Asian First Fim Festival - Ploning] Retrieved 2008-12-24.&lt;/ref&gt;. It also garnered a total of 23 awards from all over the world.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.pep.ph/news/17275/Judy-Ann-Santos-hurt-by-ABS-CBNs-strictly-business-stand-on-Ploning/4 Judy Ann Santos hurt by ABS-CBN's strictly-business stand on &quot;Ploning&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090203012626/http://www.pep.ph/news/17275/Judy-Ann-Santos-hurt-by-ABS-CBNs-strictly-business-stand-on-Ploning/4 |date=2009-02-03 }} ''PEP.ph''. Author: Archie de Calma. Retrieved 6-30-2012.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 1 Oktubre 2008
| ''[[Mag-ingat Ka Sa...Kulam]]''&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.pep.ph/news/19047/Regal-Films-celebrates-year-long-48th-anniversary-with-Mag-ingat-Ka-Sa...Kulam Regal Films celebrates year-long 48th anniversary with &quot;Mag-ingat Ka Sa...Kulam&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080909110154/http://www.pep.ph/news/19047/Regal-Films-celebrates-year-long-48th-anniversary-with-Mag-ingat-Ka-Sa...Kulam |date=2008-09-09 }} ''Philippine Entertainment Portal''. Author: Dinno Erece. Retrieved 6-30-2012&lt;/ref&gt;
| Mira/Maria
| [[Regal Films]]
| [[Jun Lana]]
| A &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.pep.ph/guide/2663/Kulam-is-graded-A-by-the-Cinema-Evaluation-Board |title=&quot;Kulam&quot; is graded A by the Cinema Evaluation Board |publisher=PEP.ph |date=2008-09-30 |first=Jocelyn |last=Dimaculangan |accessdate=2010-07-04 |archive-date=2008-12-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081203032306/http://www.pep.ph/guide/2663/Kulam-is-graded-A-by-the-Cinema-Evaluation-Board |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|
|-
| 29 Hulyo 2009
| [[OMG (Oh, My Girl!)]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://movies.yahoo.com/movie/omg-oh-my-girl/ OMG! Oh My Girl starring Judy Ann Santos and Ogie Alcasid] ''Yahoo Movies''. Retrieved 07-01-2012.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Darling
| [[Regal Films]]
| Dante Nico Garcia
| B
| Santos film with comedian-actor, [[Ogie Alcasid]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.pep.ph/news/21015/Judy-Ann-Santos-and-Ogie-Alcasid-to-star-in-romantic-comedy-film Judy Ann Santos and Ogie Alcasid to star in romantic comedy film] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090306104824/http://www.pep.ph/news/21015/Judy-Ann-Santos-and-Ogie-Alcasid-to-star-in-romantic-comedy-film |date=2009-03-06 }} ''PEP.ph''. Author: Nitz Miralles. Retrieved 07-01-2012.&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

====2010 hanggan ngunyan====
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; 
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
! style=&quot;background:#B0C4DE;&quot; | Taon
! style=&quot;background:#B0C4DE;&quot; | Titulo
! style=&quot;background:#B0C4DE;&quot; | Papel
! style=&quot;background:#B0C4DE;&quot; | Prodyuser
! style=&quot;background:#B0C4DE;&quot; | Direktor
! style=&quot;background:#B0C4DE;&quot; | CEB Marka
! style=&quot;background:#B0C4DE;&quot; | Notes
|-
| 21 Hulyo 2010
| [[Hating Kapatid]]&lt;ref name=&quot;sarah G&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://hatingkapatidthemovie.com/home.html |title=Hating Kapatid the Movie |publisher=Hating Kapatid the Movie |date= |accessdate=2010-07-04 |archive-date=2010-05-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100530011119/http://hatingkapatidthemovie.com/home.html |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| Rica
| [[Viva Films]]
| [[Wenn V. Deramas]]
| B
| Santos film with [[Sarah Geronimo]].&lt;ref name=&quot;sarah G&quot; /&gt;
|-
| 25 Disyembre 2011
| [[My House Husband: Ikaw Na!]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://mb.com.ph/node/344337/comic-chemi Comic chemistry favors 'My Househusband'] ''Manila Bulletin''. Author: Shirley Matias-Pizarro&lt;/ref&gt;
| Mia
| Octo Arts
| [[José Javier Reyes]]
| B
| 3rd [[2011 Metro Manila Film Festival|Metro Manila Film Festival]] entry of Santos and husband, Ryan Agoncillo together with comedienne [[Eugene Domingo]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.mb.com.ph/node/345841/my-hou My Househusband: Ikaw Na!' has all in place for MMFF sweep] ''Manila Bulletin''. Author: Jojo Panaligan. Retrieved 6-30-2012.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| Hulyo 2012
| Mga Mumunting Lihim&lt;ref name=&quot;judayLihim&quot;&gt;[http://mb.com.ph/node/352149/third-time Third Time's The Charm For Judy Ann Santos And Iza Calzado] ''Manila Bulletin''. Author: Jojo Panaligan. Retrieved 6-30-2012.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| Cinemalaya
| [[José Javier Reyes]]
|
| Santos first Cinemalaya entry.&lt;ref name=&quot;judayLihim&quot; /&gt;
|-
| 25 Disyembre 2012
| [[Si Agimat at Si [[Enteng Kabisote]] at si Ako]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://ph.omg.yahoo.com/news/mmff-announces-8-official-entries.html MMFF announces 8 official entries] ''Yahoo Philippines''. Author: Walden Martinez Belen. Retrieved 06-28-2012.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| [[GMA Films]], APT Entertainment, OctoArts, IMUS Productions &amp; M-ZET
| Tony Reyes
|
| [[2012 Metro Manila Film Festival]] official entry with [[Bong Revilla, Jr.]] and [[Vic Sotto]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.sunstar.com.ph/manila/entertainment/2012/06/18/bong-revilla-vic-sotto-judy-ann-santos-1-movie-project-227433 Bong Revilla, Vic Sotto, Judy Ann Santos in 1 movie project] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120621155249/http://www.sunstar.com.ph/manila/entertainment/2012/06/18/bong-revilla-vic-sotto-judy-ann-santos-1-movie-project-227433 |date=2012-06-21 }} ''SunStar Philippines''. Author: Glaiza Jarloc. Retrieved 06-28-2012.&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

==Mga Pasali sa Telebisyon/Mga Espesyal na Pasali==
===Seryeng Pantelebisyon===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; 
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
! style=&quot;background:#B0C4DE;&quot; | Petsa
! style=&quot;background:#B0C4DE;&quot; | Pasali
! style=&quot;background:#B0C4DE;&quot; | Papel
! style=&quot;background:#B0C4DE;&quot; | (Mga) Direktor
! style=&quot;background:#B0C4DE;&quot; | Notes
|-
| 1986
| Kaming Mga Ulila
| Played one of the street urchins
| Argel Joseph
| &lt;ref name=&quot;PepPloning&quot; /&gt;
|-
| 1988 hanggang 1990
| Ula, Ang Batang Gubat
| Ula
| Argel Joseph
| &lt;ref name=&quot;filmbug&quot;&gt;[http://www.filmbug.com/db/344444 Judy Ann Santos - Biography] ''Film Bug''. Retrieved 6-30-2012.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 1992 hanggang 1997
| [[Mara Clara]]&lt;ref name=&quot;abs-cbnnews.com&quot;/&gt;
| Mara Davis/del Valle
| Emil Cruz, Jr.
| Santos rises to fame due to this soap opera in [[ABS-CBN]].&lt;ref name=&quot;filmbug&quot; /&gt;
|-
| 1993 hanggang 1995
| GMA Telecine Specials
| Various
| Various Directors
| &lt;ref name=&quot;filmbug&quot; /&gt;
|-
| 1996
| Star Drama Theatre Presents&lt;ref name=&quot;filmbug&quot; /&gt;
| Iba't ibang papel ang ginampanan
| Iba't ibang Direktor
|
|-
| 1996
| [[Gimik]]&lt;ref name=&quot;filmbug&quot; /&gt;
| Dianne Villaruel
| Laurenti Dyogi
|
|-
| 1997 hanggang  1999
| [[Esperanza (TV series)|Esperanza]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://tfcnow.abs-cbn.com/shows.aspx?showid=57 Esperanza on TFC] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100821224332/http://tfcnow.abs-cbn.com/shows.aspx?showid=57 |date=2010-08-21 }} ''TFC Now Channel''. Retrieved 6-30-2012.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Esperanza Estrera / Socorro Salgado
| Jerry Lopez Sineneng; Rory Quintos; Don Cuaresma
| 1998 PMPC Star Awards for TV Best Drama Actress Nominee&lt;ref name=&quot;filmbug&quot; /&gt;
|-
| 2000
| May Himala (GMA 7)
| Iba't ibang papel ang ginampanan
| Iba't ibang Direktor
| &lt;ref name=&quot;filmbug&quot; /&gt;
|-
| 1999 to 2001
| Judy Ann Drama Special
| Iba't ibang papel ang ginampanan
| Various directors
| A special drama anthology of [[ABS-CBN]] where Santos acted different roles and stories every week.&lt;ref name=&quot;filmbug&quot; /&gt;
|-
| 18 Hunyo 2001 to 14 Pebrero 2003
| [[Sa Puso Ko Iingatan Ka]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0350452/ Sa Puso Ko, Iingatan Ka (2001–2002)] ''IMDb''. Retrieved 07-01-2012.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Patricia Quevedo Montecillo-Villamines
| [[Jose Javier Reyes]] (first episodes); Gilbert Perez
| Santos first soap opera with Piolo Pascual. 
|-
| 26 Mayo 2003 to 10 Setyembre 2004
| [[Basta't Kasama Kita]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://telebisyon.net/Bastat-Kasama-Kita/ Basta't Kasama Kita (2003)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071216114029/http://telebisyon.net/Bastat-Kasama-Kita/ |date=2007-12-16 }} ''Telebisyon.net''. Retrieved 6-30-2012&lt;/ref&gt;
| Princess Gonzales
| Jerry Lopez Sineneng; Trina Dayrit
| 2004 ENPRESS Golden Screen Entertainment TV Outstanding Drama Series Winner; 2004 ENPRESS Golden Screen Entertainment TV Outstanding Direction For A Drama Series Winner; 2004 ENPRESS Golden Screen Entertainment TV Best Drama Actress Nominee; 2004 PMPC Star Awards For TV Best Primetime Drama Series and Best Drama Actress Nominations.&lt;ref name=&quot;filmbug&quot; /&gt; The show is also the first soap opera to hold a live finale.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.philstar.com/Article.aspx?articleId=264282 Live ang finale sa Luneta ng 'Basta't Kasama Kita'] ''Pilipino Star Ngayon''. Retrieved 06-30-2012.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 11 Oktubre 2004 to 15 Abril 2005
| [[Krystala]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.balitangmarino.com/006731.html Judy Ann as Krystala] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070608172917/http://www.balitangmarino.com/006731.html |date=2007-06-08 }} ''Balitang Marino''. Retrieved 6-30-2012.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Faith / Tala / Krystala
| Rory Quintos; Trina N. Dayrit; Mae Czarina Cruz; Nuel C. Naval
| Santos first role as a [[superhero]]. She also won 2005 19th PMPC Star Awards for TV &quot;Best Drama Actress&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.abs-cbn.com/Feature/Article/3290/Looking-back-at-Ryan-and-Judy-Ann-s-love-story.aspx Looking back at Ryan and Judy Ann's love story] ''ABS-CBN News''. Author: Heidi Anicete. Retrieved 6-30-2012.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 27 Pebrero 2006 to 25 Agosto 2006
| [[Sa Piling Mo]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0485767/ Sa Piling Mo (2006)] ''IMDb''. Retrieved 6-30-2012&lt;/ref&gt;
| Jennifer Limbaga-Tuazon / Catherine Chuatoco
| Jerry Lopez Sineneng (first episodes); Rory Quintos; Trina Dayrit
| 2006 PMPC Star Awards For TV Best Primetime Drama Series Winner and &quot;Best Drama Actress&quot; Nominee; 2006 One of Anak TV Seal's Top 10 Favorite Programs; 2007 [[International Emmy Awards]] Semi-Finalist (Drama Series Category)&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.philippinecountry.com/celebrities/judyann/ AWARDS AND RECOGNITIONS- Sa Piling Mo] ''Philippine Country''. Retrieved 6-30-2012&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 25 Hunyo 2007 to 18 Enero 2008
| [[Ysabella]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.pep.ph/news/16132/ryan-agoncillo-explains-end-of-acting-team-up-with-judy-ann-santos Judy Ann Santos in Ysabella] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210517090856/https://www.pep.ph/news/16132/ryan-agoncillo-explains-end-of-acting-team-up-with-judy-ann-santos |date=2021-05-17 }} ''Philippine Entertainment Portal''. Retrieved 6-30-2012.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Ysay / Ysabella Cuenca
| Jerry Lopez Sineneng (first episodes); Rory Quintos; Don Cuaresma
| 2008 PMPC Star Awards For TV &quot;Best Primetime Drama Series&quot; and &quot;Best Drama Actress&quot; Nominations&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.pep.ph/news/17306/PMPC-announces-nominees-for-the-24th-Star-Awards-for-Movies PMPC announces nominees for the 24th Star Awards for Movies] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160328151735/http://www.pep.ph/news/17306/pmpc-announces-nominees-for-the-24th-star-awards-for-movies |date=2016-03-28 }} ''PEP.ph''. Author: Mell T. Navarro. Retrieved 7-01-2012.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 14 Hunyo 2009 to 7 Pebrero 2010
| [[George and Cecil]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.mb.com.ph/articles/206779/judayryan-teamup-makes-a-comeback Juday/Ryan team-up makes a comeback] ''Manila Bulletin''. Author: Crispina Martines-Belen. Retrieved 6-30-2012.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Georgina &quot;George&quot; Castro-Murillo
| [[Jose Javier Reyes]]
| Santos reunites with co-star in [[Mara Clara]], Ms. [[Gladys Reyes]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.abs-cbn.com/Weekends/article/3781/georgeandcecil/George-and-Cecil.aspx George and Cecil] ''ABS-CBN''. Retrieved 6-30-2012.&lt;/ref&gt; 2010 USTv Awards Students' Choice for Situational Comedy Winner; 2010 PMPC Star Awards for TV &quot;Best Comedy Show&quot; and &quot;Best Comedy Actress&quot; Nominations&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.pep.ph/news/23251/judy-ann-santos-and-ryan-agoncillo-want-george--cecil-to-provide-fresh-insights-on-marriage Judy Ann Santos and Ryan Agoncillo want George &amp; Cecil to provide fresh insights on marriage] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210517103821/https://www.pep.ph/news/23251/judy-ann-santos-and-ryan-agoncillo-want-george--cecil-to-provide-fresh-insights-on-marriage |date=2021-05-17 }} ''Philippine Entertainment Portal''. Author: Archie de Calma. Retrieved 6-30-2012.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 29 Disyembre 2009 to 6 Enero 2010
| [[May Bukas Pa]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/entertainment/01/28/09/abs-cbn-reveals-new-february-shows May Bukas Pa] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120911061212/http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/entertainment/01/28/09/abs-cbn-reveals-new-february-shows |date=2012-09-11 }} ''ABS-CBN News''. Retrieved 7-01-2012.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Libay; Billed as &quot;Very Special Guest&quot;
|
| Santos cameo role only. 
|-
| 1 Pebrero 2010 to 14 Mayo 2010
| [[Habang May Buhay]]&lt;ref&gt;Bonifacio, Julie (2009-01-24). [http://www.abs-cbn.com/Feature/Article/2255/Wenn-Deramas-all-set-to-work-with-Judy-Ann-Santos-for-the-first-time.aspx &quot;Wenn Deramas all set to work with Judy Ann Santos for the first time&quot;]. ''ABS-CBN.com''. Retrieved 2009-01-30.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Jane Alcantara
| [[Wenn Deramas]]
| 2010 19th KBP Golden Dove Awards' Best TV Drama Actress; 2010 PMPC Star Awards For TV Best Primetime Drama Series and Best Drama Actress Nominations&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.abs-cbn.com/Feature/Article/5670/ABS-CBN-unveils-2010-show-line-up.aspx Habang May Buhay - line up at Primetime Bida] ''ABS-CBN''. Retrieved 6-30-2012.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 25 Abril 2010 to 23 Mayo 2010
| [[Gimik 2010|Gimik 2010: The Reunion]]&lt;ref name=&quot;gimikreunion&quot;&gt;[http://www.pep.ph/guide/guide/6005/gimik-2010-brings-together-judy-ann-santos-diether-ocampo-bojo-molina-g--toengi-and-mylene-dizon Gimik 2010 brings together Judy Ann Santos, Diether Ocampo, Bojo Molina, G Toengi, and Mylene Dizon] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160122221417/http://www.pep.ph/guide/guide/6005/gimik-2010-brings-together-judy-ann-santos-diether-ocampo-bojo-molina-g--toengi-and-mylene-dizon |date=2016-01-22 }} ''PEP.ph''. Retrieved 6-30-2012.&lt;/ref&gt;
|  Dianne Villaruel
| Erick Salud
| Reunion with GIMIK stars like [[Diether Ocampo]] and [[Mylene Dizon]].&lt;ref name=&quot;gimikreunion&quot; /&gt;
|-
| 27 Agosto 2011 — 18 Pebrero 2012
| [[Junior MasterChef Pinoy Edition]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.pep.ph/mobile/celeb/homes-family//24740/judy-ann-santos-excited-but-nervous-about-hosting-junior-masterchef/3 Judy Ann Santos &quot;excited but nervous&quot; about hosting Junior MasterChef] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306092944/http://www.pep.ph/mobile/celeb/homes-family//24740/judy-ann-santos-excited-but-nervous-about-hosting-junior-masterchef/3 |date=2016-03-06 }} ''Philippine Entertainment Portal''. Auhtor: Melba Llanera. Retrieved 6-30-2012.&lt;/ref&gt;
|  Host
| 
| Santos first show after giving birth to Baby Lucho.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.pep.ph/news/27006/%20FIRST-READ-ON-PEP:-%20(UPDATED)-Judy-Ann-Santos-has-given-birth-to-Baby-Lucho! Judy Ann Santos gave birth to baby Lucho!] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924142051/http://www.pep.ph/news/27006/%20FIRST-READ-ON-PEP:-%20(UPDATED)-Judy-Ann-Santos-has-given-birth-to-Baby-Lucho! |date=2015-09-24 }} ''Philippine Entertainment Portal''.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 6 Setyembre 2011
| [[100 Days to Heaven|100 Days To Heaven]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.push.com.ph/features/3329/xyriel-manabat-says-that-judy-ann-santos-is-her-idol-in-acting/ Xyriel Manabat says that Judy Ann Santos is her idol in acting] ''PUSH.com''. Retrieved 07-01-2012.&lt;/ref&gt;
| Chef (Special Participation)
| Jojo A. Saguin; Don M. Cuaresma
|
|}

* This list does not include hosting stints in That's Entertainment, ASAP, SangLinggoNaPoSila, MTB, ASAP Fanatics, and SOP.

=== Maalaala Mo Kaya ===
Here are the list of episodes of [[Maalaala Mo Kaya]] which feature Judy Ann Santos.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; 
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
! style=&quot;background:#B0C4DE;&quot; | Petsa
! style=&quot;background:#B0C4DE;&quot; | Episode
! style=&quot;background:#B0C4DE;&quot; | Notes
|-
| 1999
| ''Agua Bendita''
| Santos first episode with the late [[Rico Yan]].&lt;ref name=&quot;judayrico&quot;&gt;[http://www.philippinecountry.com/celebrities/judyann/ Judy Ann- Rico Yan love team] ''Philippine Country''. Retrieved 07-01-2012.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2000
| ''Karnabal''
| &lt;ref name=&quot;judayrico&quot; /&gt;
|-
| 2001
| ''Basket''
|  2001 Catholic Mass Media Awards &quot;Best Drama&quot; Winner; 2001 KBP Golden Dove Awards &quot;Best Drama Winner&quot;; Finalist for the Magnolia Award for &quot;Best Film for TV&quot; during the 9th Shanghai Television Festival 2002 in China&lt;ref name=&quot;judayrico&quot; /&gt;
|-
| 2002
| ''Pier 39''
| &lt;ref name=&quot;judayrico&quot; /&gt;
|-
| 4 Agosto 2005
| ''Rosaryo''
| &lt;ref name=&quot;judayrico&quot; /&gt;
|-
| 18 Agosto 2006
| ''Swing''
| &lt;ref name=&quot;judayrico&quot; /&gt;
|-
| 13 Disyembre 2008
| ''Lason''&lt;ref name=&quot;judayrico&quot; /&gt;
| &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1699599/ Maalaala mo kaya: Lason (13 Disyembre 2008)] ''IMDb''. Retrieved 07-01-2012.&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

===Komiks===
Here are the list of episodes of Komiks which feature Judy Ann Santos.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; 
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
! style=&quot;background:#B0C4DE;&quot; | Petsa
! style=&quot;background:#B0C4DE;&quot; | Episode
! style=&quot;background:#B0C4DE;&quot; | Papel
! style=&quot;background:#B0C4DE;&quot; | Notes
|-
| 4 Pebrero 2006
| ''Inday Bote''
| Inday
|
|-
| 13 Mayo 2006
| ''Inday sa Balitaw'' Part 1
| Inday
|
|-
| 20 Mayo 2006
| ''Inday sa Balitaw'' Part 2
| Inday
|
|-
| Still Unaired
| ''Super Gee''
| Super Gee
|
|-
| TBA
| ''[[Sanlakas]]''
| Tala/Krystala (special participation)
|
|}

=== TV Specials ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; 
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
! style=&quot;background:#B0C4DE;&quot; | Petsa
! style=&quot;background:#B0C4DE;&quot; | Espesyal
! style=&quot;background:#B0C4DE;&quot; | Direktor
! style=&quot;background:#B0C4DE;&quot; | Network
! style=&quot;background:#B0C4DE;&quot; | Notes
|-
| 10 Mayo 2002
| ''A Birthday Wish: A Judy Ann Santos Birthday Celebration''
| Al Quinn
| rowspan=&quot;6&quot;|[[ABS-CBN]].
| Held at UP Theater to celebrate Santos' 24th birthday.
|-
| 1 Hulyo 2007
| ''Bida ng Buhay Ko: 20 Years of Judy Ann Santos''
| Bobet Vidanes.
| Santos held a free concert at the [[Smart Araneta Coliseum]] to celebrate her 20th anniversary in the industry &amp; 29th birthday.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.pep.ph/guide/guide/761/Judy-Ann-Santos-marks-her-20th-anniversary-with-a-Big-Dome-concert- Judy Ann Santos marks her 20th anniversary with a Big Dome concert] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160122221417/http://www.pep.ph/guide/guide/761/Judy-Ann-Santos-marks-her-20th-anniversary-with-a-Big-Dome-concert- |date=2016-01-22 }} ''PEP.ph''. Author: Jocelyn Dimaculangan. Retrieved 6-30-2012.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.pep.ph/mobile/celeb/events/12886/judy-ann-santos-danced-a-la-beyonce-at-her-anniversary-concert Judy Ann Santos danced a la Beyonce at her anniversary concert] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306093031/http://www.pep.ph/mobile/celeb/events/12886/judy-ann-santos-danced-a-la-beyonce-at-her-anniversary-concert |date=2016-03-06 }} ''PEP.ph''. Author: Jocelyn Dimaculangan. Retrieved 6-30-2012.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 18 Enero 2009
| ''Pangarap ni Ploning'' (''The Dream of Ploning'')
| 
| To chronicle the fundraising efforts of Ploning's Oscar campaign.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/144170/showbiz/pep-ploning-fails-bid-for-an-oscar-nomination PEP: 'Ploning' fails bid for an Oscar nomination] ''GMA News''. Retrieved 07-01-2012.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 17 Mayo 2009
| ''Unchanging Love: Judy Ann-Ryan Wedding Special''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.pep.ph/guide/3903/The-Judy-Ann-Santos-Ryan-Agoncillo-Wedding-Special-airs-this-Sunday,-May-17 |title=The Judy Ann Santos-Ryan Agoncillo Wedding Special airs this Sunday, Mayo 17 |publisher=PEP.ph |date=2009-05-15 |first=Monica |last=Palad |accessdate=2010-07-04 |archive-date=2010-07-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100704180541/http://www.pep.ph/guide/3903/The-Judy-Ann-Santos-Ryan-Agoncillo-Wedding-Special-airs-this-Sunday,-May-17 |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| A TV Special about Judy Ann Santos and Ryan Agoncillo wedding preparations, plans and a preview of the ceremony held at [[San Juan, Batangas]]. Theme Song by [[Martin Nievera]] (music and lyrics).
|-
| 24 Mayo 2009
| ''Kuwento Nating Dalawa'' (''The Story of the Two of Us'')
| 
| Special TV show that narrates the love story of Santos and husband, Ryan Agoncillo. Theme Song by [[Ryan Cayabyab]] (music) and [[Jose Javier Reyes]] (lyrics)&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.pep.ph/guide/guide/3938/1 Judy Ann Santos and Ryan Agoncillo pledge an &quot;unchanging love&quot; to each other] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305201248/http://www.pep.ph/guide/guide/3938/1 |date=2016-03-05 }} ''PEP.ph''. Auhtor: Lyn Montealegre. Retrieved 07-01-2012.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 20 Agosto 2011
| ''Appetizer: The Junior MasterChef Pinoy Edition Primer''&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.pep.ph/guide/guide/8683/judy-ann-santos-on-hosting-junior-masterchef-pinoy-edition-hosting-is-not-my-forte-but-i39m-willing-to-learn Judy Ann Santos on hosting Junior MasterChef Pinoy Edition: &quot;Hosting is not my forte but I'm willing to learn.&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160315185829/http://www.pep.ph/guide/guide/8683/judy-ann-santos-on-hosting-junior-masterchef-pinoy-edition-hosting-is-not-my-forte-but-i39m-willing-to-learn |date=2016-03-15 }} ''PEP.ph''. Retrieved 07-01-2012.&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
| A special primer for Santos first hosting/cooking show.&lt;ref&gt;[http://masterchefph.abs-cbn.com/%E2%80%9Cjunior-masterchef-pinoy-edition-the-appetizer%E2%80%9D-indulges-audience/ “Junior MasterChef Pinoy Edition: The Appetizer” indulges audience] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120801035630/http://masterchefph.abs-cbn.com/%E2%80%9Cjunior-masterchef-pinoy-edition-the-appetizer%E2%80%9D-indulges-audience/ |date=2012-08-01 }} ''Junior Masterchef Official Website''. Retrieved 07-01-2012.&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

==Toltolan==
{{reflist|2}}

{{poon}}
{{Tamboan}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Mastoureh Ardalan</title>
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      <text bytes="4597" sha1="7mnxlx001lhreebbo5x8ch11l7basoq" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox parasurat &lt;!-- for more information see [[:Template:Infobox writer/doc]] --&gt;|name=Mastoureh Ardalan|image=Mesture Erdelan.jpg|imagesize=220px|caption=A statue of Ardalan in [[Sanandaj]], Iran.|birth_name=Mah Sharaf Khanom Mastoureh Ardalan|birth_date=1805|birth_place=[[Sanandaj]], [[Qajar Iran]]|death_date=1848 (aged 42–43)|death_place=[[Sulaymaniyah]], [[Ottoman Iraq]]|occupation=parasurat, poeta, pilosopo, historyador|nationality=|spouse=Khosro Ardalan|children=1|parents=Abulhassan Beig (father)}}Si '''Mah Sharaf Khanom Mastoureh Ardalan''' o '''Mastura Ardalan''' (1805, [[Sanandaj]] - 1848, [[Sulaymaniyah]]) sarong Kurdish na poetiko, historyador, asin parasurat.[1]

Si Ardalan namundag sa Sanandaj sa sirangan na Kurdistan/Iranian Kurdistano asin nagadan sa Sulaymaniyah timog kan Kurdistan/Iranian Kurdistano. Miyembro siya kan aristokrasiya pederal sa korte kan mayoridad nin Ardalan na nakasentro sa Senna. Pinag - adalan nia an Kurdis, Arabik asin Persiano sa irarom kan pagdirehir kan saiyang ama, si Abolhasan Beig Qadiri. An saiyang agom, si Khasraw Khani Ardalan iyo an namamahala sa kabisera. An pagkagadan kan saiyang agom an naging dahilan para laugon an saindang lugar kan mga dayo. Kan sakopon kan Qajar an teritoryo kan Ardalan kan ika - 19 siglo, siya asin an saiyang pamilya naghale pasiring sa Baban na nakasentro sa Sulaymaniyah.. An saiyang aking si Reza Qulikhan, an karibay ni Khasraw Khan, napreso kan mga Qajar.

== Gibo ==
Nagsurat siya nin nagkapirang libro nin tula, kasaysayan asin literatura. Nagsurat siya sa Hawrami o Gorani mga dialektong Kurdis asin Persiano, alagad igwa siya nin nagkapirang tula sa Kurdis Sentral.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=???????? ????? ????????? (?????? ????)? ?????? ????????? ???????????: ??????? ???? ????????? ??????: ?????? ??? ? ???????????? ?????? ???? ????? ????.}}&lt;/ref&gt;  An kadaklan sa saiyang tulang Kurdis nalingawan durante kan ika - 20 siglo asin nadiskobre liwat asin ipinublikar sa katapusan kan ika - 20 asin sa kapinonan kan ika - 21 siglo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=KURDISH WRITTEN LITERATURE – Encyclopaedia Iranica|url=https://iranicaonline.org/articles/kurdish-written-literature|access-date=2021-03-04|website=iranicaonline.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;Saro siyang poeta asin sinasabing iyo sana an babaeng parasurat nin kasaysayan kan Tahaw na Sirangan sagkod sa katapusan kan ika-19 siglo. Nagsurat siya nin sarong libro manungod sa kasaysayan kan dinastiyang Kurdish Ardalan. Nagsurat man siya nin sarong koleksiyon nin mga berso, na ipinublikar kan nakaagi pa sanang mga taon. An saiyang ika - 200 na kumpleanyo isinelebrar kasuarin pa sana sa sarong kapiestahan sa Hewler (Erbil), sa rehiyon nin Iraqi Kurdista, kun saen an saiyang estatuwa ihinayag sa sarong seremonya. Sarong komperensiya an ginibo sa mga isinurat ni Mastoureh sa Erbil poon 11 sagkod 15 Disyembre 2005. Labing sanggatos na sientipiko asin kultural na mga numero hali sa bilog na kinaban an nag - atender sa Kongreso sa Iraqi Kurdista, na diyan ipinupublikar an nagkapira sa mga isinurat niya sa lengguwaheng Kurdis, Persiano, Ingles, asin Arabe kan buhay asin mga isinurat ni Masureh Ardal. Naipublikar kan mga paraorganisar sa Persiano asin Kurdis.

An estatuwa ni Ardalan kan eskultor nin Iran na si Hadi Zia-dini yaon na ngunyan sa Sanandaj, Iran.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://en.isna.ir/photo/97100301692/City-of-Statues|title=City of Statues|date=24 December 2018|website=ISNA|access-date=20 March 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mga libro ==

# Khronika Doma Ardalan: Ta'rikh-I Ardalan by Mah Sharaf Khanum Kurdistani and E. I. Vasileva, {{ISBN|5-02-016559-X}} / 502016559X
# Divan-i Masturah Kurdistani, Collection of poems, 238 pp., 1998, {{ISBN|964-6528-02-3}}.

== Mga referensiya ==
{{reflist}}

== Mga panluwas na link ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20050409193445/http://www.gagesh.com/Kurdi/Honrawa/Mastura.htm Some of the Kurdish Poems of Mastura Ardalan]

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060213122656/http://www.kurdishacademy.org/english/literature/literature.html Mastura Mâh-Sharaf Khâtun in ''Kurdish Literature'']

* [http://www.dimane.com/index.php?subaction=showfull&amp;id=1134671646&amp;archive=&amp;start_from=&amp;ucat=&amp; Mastura Kurdistani, by Shahla Dabbaghi, in Kurdish]

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160303225142/http://mathaba.net/MNN/www.anotheriraq.com/x.htm?http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mathaba.net%2FMNN%2Fwww.anotheriraq.com%2Fitem%2F%3Fx=496345 About the Mastura Commemoration Congress in Irbil]

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20061021142117/http://www.hewlerglobe.net/pdf/issues_36/8.pdf Woman poet statue set up in Irbil, ''Hewler Globe'']</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Jenifer Papararo</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="2696" sha1="70eltp5hw8gf5kbza9p6b9wu0l3zfpp" xml:space="preserve">Si '''Jenifer Papararo''' (pinangaki kan 1966 sa Chelmsford, UK) sarong kurador dangan parasurat kan kontemporanyong arte asin iyo an inot nagtugdas na myembro kan kuratoryal/disenyo, serbisyo kan kolektibong Instant Coffee. Sa ngunyan, pigkakapotan nya ang posisyon na Ehekutibong Direktor sa Plug In Institute kan Kontemporanyong Arte sa Winnipeg, Manitoba.&lt;ref&gt;https://plugin.org/contacts&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;https://www.winnipegfreepress.com/opinion/analysis/why-i-chose-winnipeg-over-vancouver-301027921.html&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://canadianart.ca/news/jenifer-papararo-plug-in-ica/&lt;/ref&gt;Dati syang kurador sa Galeriya nin Kontemporanyong Arte sa Vancouver dangan dirktor kan Unyon kan Mercer sa Toronto. Nabantog sya ta sa saiyang palabas na mga solong eksibisyon sa mga internasyonal na mga artista kaiba sinda Mark Leckey&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20120425092216/http://mercerunion.org/blog/index.php/2008/05/13/turner-prize/&lt;/ref&gt; asin sa Jeremy Blake sa Canada. An saiyang mga pigsurat inot na nagluwas sa Canadian Art&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.canadianart.ca/art/features/2003/03/09/103/ |access-date=2012-07-30 |archive-date=2012-03-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120330180648/http://www.canadianart.ca/art/features/2003/03/09/103/ |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;, Mix Magazine, sa C&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20111205033436/http://cmagazine.com/news/news_111_lecture.htm&lt;/ref&gt; asin Lola&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20110903023010/http://www.aabronson.com/art/gi.org/bibliography/reviews.htm&lt;/ref&gt; pati man sa pirang kadakol nang mga saysay manungod sa mga eksibisyon pati mga katalogong kontribusyon. Sya napili sa kadakuli kan mga eksperto na yaon sa linya kan kontemporanyong arte, na magin &quot;Nominador&quot; para sa Gawad sa Potograpo kan Scotiabank kan taon 2017.&lt;ref&gt;http://www.scotiabank.com/photoaward/en/0,,6346,00.html&lt;/ref&gt;

== Piling mga surat ==

* ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20110131184502/http://www.hunterandcook.com/ Interview with Catriona Jeffries'', Hunter &amp; Cook # 10, 2011'']''
* ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20111016063115/http://www.cmagazine.com/issues.htm Frances Stark, I’ve Had It and A Half, C Magazine #111, 2011]''
* ''Sharon Hayes: Votes for Women'', Contemporary Art Gallery Publications, 2011
* ''OK Big Time: Ruti Sela &amp; Mayaan Amir'', Contemporary Art Gallery Publication, 2011
* ''Damian Moppett: Just an Amateur'', The Visible Work, Catalogue Essay, 2005
* ''Caught in the Act, an Anthology of Performance Art'', YYZ Publications, 2004
* ''Mark Leckey: Soundsystem'', Exhibition Essay, Mercer Union Publications, 2004

== Toltolan ==
{{reflist}}
[[Kategorya:Mga artikulo sa Art+Feminism in the Philippines 2021]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Mga Seremonya sa Kuwaresma nin San Pedro Cutud</title>
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[[Ladawan:Cutud_Lenten_Rites.jpg|too|thumb|200x200px|San Pedro Cutud Lenten Rites sa Ciudad nin San Fernando, Pampanga. Igwa nin tolong krus na may ipinakong mga lalaki sa alitoktok kan bulod na may mga paradalan, lokal sagkod mga dayo, na binabantayan sinda.]]
An '''mga Seremonya sa Kuwaresma nin San Pedro Cutud''' ([[Ingles]]: ''San Pedro Cutud Lenten Rites'') sarong Banal na Semana na re-enksyon kan Pasion asin Kagadanan ni Kristo na nangyayari sa Barangay San Pedro Cutud, Ciudad nin San Fernando, Pampanga sa Pilipinas.

Kaiba diyan an passion play na minasagkod sa aktuwal na pagpako sa dawa tolong penitente pasiring sa krus na gibo sa kahoy na nasa itaas kan gibohan nin Kalbaryo.

== Mga pangyayari ==
Kada taon sa Biernes o sa Biernes bago an Pasko nin sarong dosena o kadakoldakol na penitente - kadaklan na lalaki alagad paagi sa okasyonal na babae - dinadara sa oma nin paroy sa barrio nin San Pedro Cutud, 3 kilometros (2 milya) hale sa Siudad nin San Fernando, Pampanga asin ipinako sa krus na naggagamit nin duwang-inch (5 sentimetro) na pako na binabad sa alkohol tanganing mahali an impeksyon. An mga penitente ibinaba kun sinda nakamamateng nalilinigan kan saindang kasalan. An iba man gamit an mga kawayan na binubugkos sa pisi.

== Bilang dae-nakakapotang kultural na pamana kan UNESCO ==
An &quot;Cutud Lenten Rites&quot; nairehistro sa Intangible Cultural Heritage Inventory of the Philippines na inapod na 'Pinagmulan.' An paglipat pigpunan kan National Commission for Culture and the Arts, an mayor na ahensya kultural kan Republika kan Pilipinas. An mga seremonya puwedeng mamuno para sa paglaog sa UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists, kun saen 3 pang ibang pamanang Pilipino an naisurat.

== Panluwas na mga takod ==

* [http://ivanhenares.blogspot.com/2007/04/good-friday-in-san-fernando-pampanga.html Good Friday in San Fernando, Pampanga]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MJ7P0i-35U4 Center for Kapampangan Studies - Mal a Aldo documentary]
* [http://www.pbase.com/clyne/crucifixion/ Photo gallery]
* [https://www.flickr.com/photos/148529453@N08/ 2015 Photo gallery]
* [http://photo.net.ph/blogalicious/2008/03/25/san-pedro-cutud-lenten-rites-flagellations-in-pampanga/ Flagellations in Pampanga]{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100403210821/http://www.photo.net.ph/blogalicious/2008/03/25/san-pedro-cutud-lenten-rites-flagellations-in-pampanga/ |date=2010-04-03 }}
* [http://destinations.travelguide.com/index.jsp?action=viewLocation&amp;locationId=27237&amp;cid=70130 Travelguide.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929101834/http://destinations.travelguide.com/index.jsp?action=viewLocation&amp;locationId=27237&amp;cid=70130 |date=2007-09-29 }}
* [http://travelogphilippines.com/index.php/2009/04/holy-week-crucifixions-san-fernando-pampanga/ Travelog Philippines - 2009 Crucifixions in San Fernando, Pampanga] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510081110/http://travelogphilippines.com/index.php/2009/04/holy-week-crucifixions-san-fernando-pampanga/ |date=2021-05-10 }}
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    <title>Jan Krzysztof Damel</title>
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      <text bytes="5310" sha1="aze06cwz1qxjv0cukpdtc9lhtu51f3h" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person
 |name         = Jan Krzysztof Damel
 |image        = Jan Damiel. Ян Дамель (1817).jpg
 |imagesize    = 220px
 |caption      = ''Self-portrait'', 1817
 |birth_date   = 1780
 |birth_place  = [[Jelgava|Mitau]], [[Duchy of Courland and Semigallia]]
 |death_date   = 30 Agosto 1840
 |death_place  = [[Minsk]], [[Imperyong Ruso]]
 |parents      = 
 |spouse       = 
 |children     = 
}}

Si '''Jan Krzysztof Damel''',&lt;ref name=&quot;W/M/B&quot;&gt;{{cite book |title=Polish painting of the 19th century |authors=Elżbieta Wojtałowa, Barbara Małkiewicz, Halina Blak |publisher=Muzeum Narodowe w Krakowie ([[National Museum, Kraków]]) |year=2001 |isbn=9788387312657 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p4omAQAAIAAJ&amp;q=Kurland |via=Google Books}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Bhs&quot;&gt;{{cite book |title=Jan Krzysztof Damel |work=Biuletyn historii sztuki |volume=37-38 |publisher=Państwowy Instytut Sztuki (Poland), Politechnika Warszawska, Stowarzyszenie Historyków Sztuki |year=1975 |id=Original from the University of Michigan, Digitized 17 Aug 2010 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9awOAQAAMAAJ&amp;q=Jan+Krzysztof+Damel |language=French, Polish |via=Google Books}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Jaworska&quot;&gt;{{cite book |title=Jan Krzysztof Damel |work=Polish masters from the Kosciuszko Foundation collection |author=Władysława Jaworska |publisher=Kosciuszko Foundation |year=1995 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W8guAQAAIAAJ&amp;q=Damel |via=Google Books |isbn=0917004248}}&lt;/ref&gt; midbid man komo '''Jonas Damelis''' asin '''Johann Damehl''' sa ibang mga lenggwahe (1780 &amp;ndash; 30 August 1840)&lt;ref name=&quot;Budrys&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.muziejai.lt/prev_vers/Vilnius/Vilnius_Classicism_art.htm |title=ART EXHIBITION &quot;VILNIUS CLASSICISM&quot; |publisher=Association of Lithuanian Museums and [[Lithuanian Art Museum]] |author=Romualdas Budrys |accessdate=2016-12-24 |via=archived copy |url-status=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20121203163101/http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache%3AHDJjdVcXTwQJ%3Awww.muziejai.lt%2Fprev_vers%2FVilnius%2FVilnius_Classicism_art.htm+jonas+damelis&amp;cd=9&amp;hl=en&amp;ct=clnk&amp;gl=us |archivedate=2012-12-03 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=unesco&gt;{{cite web |url=http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0003/000336/033687EB.pdf |title=Anniversaries of Great Personalities and Important Events (1979-1980) |publisher=[[UNESCO]] |accessdate=2010-07-22}}&lt;/ref&gt; sarong Polakong artistang  [[neoklasisista]] sa [[Historya nin Poland (1795–1918)|panahon nin Partitions]], asin kairiba sa School of Art sa [[Vilnius University]] (modernong Lithuania).

==Buhay==
[[File:Battle of Vienna 1683.PNG|thumb|left|An [[Batalya nin Vienna]], 1683]]

Namundag sa Mitau, [[Duchy nin Courland asin Semigallia]] (ngonyan [[Jelgava|Jelgava, Latvia]], 1918 paghirang pangaran), si Damel (Damelis) nag'adal nin arte sa Vilna University sa pagmato ni [[Jan Rustem]] asin ni [[Franciszek Smuglewicz]], na siya nagkamit nin degree kan 1809. Siya nag'estar sa [[Vilnius]] (Wilno) sagkod sa paryodo na siya itinapok sa [[Siberia]] kan 1820. Kan siya pabutsan na, siya nag'estar sa [[St. Petersburg]] asin sa [[Minsk]]. Siya konsideradong saro sa prominenteng historikal na artista sa genre'ng neoklasisista na nagtatrabaho sa presenteng [[Belarus]].&lt;ref name=unesco/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=Handbuch der Geschichte Weissrusslands|author=Dietrich Beyrau, Rainer Lindner|publisher=[[Vandenhoeck &amp; Ruprecht]]|year=2001|isbn=978-3-525-36255-6|page=124|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iZ2o-cTSLKAC&amp;q=%22jan+damel%22+maler&amp;pg=PA124|language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt;

An mga trabaho niya kabarali mga pintang manongod sa mga panyaring historiko (an [[Kościuszko Uprising]], hokbo ni [[Napoleon]] sa Vilnius, an pagkagadan ni [[Ulrich von Jungingen]] durante sa [[Batalya nin Grunwald]], asin an [[Batalya nin Vienna]]), mga retrato, drowing, asin komposisyon relihiyoso. Sa mga lataw na estudyante niya iyo si [[Michał Kulesza]].
==Galeriya==
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Battle of Vienna 1683.PNG|Batalya nin vienna
File:Jan Krzysztof Damel - Self-portrait - MP 4218 - National Museum in Warsaw.jpg|Sadiring retrato ni Damel
File:Св. Канстанцыя. Ян Дамель. Каля 1825 г..jpg|Babaeng may kapot krus
File:Tadevuš Kaściuška. Тадэвуш Касьцюшка (J. Damiel, XIX) (2).jpg|Retrato ni Tadevuš Kaściuška 
File:Jan Krzysztof Damel - Retreat of Napoleon's army - MP 2118 MNW - National Museum in Warsaw.jpg|Pag'atras kan Hokbo ni Napoleon
&lt;/gallery&gt;

==Nota==
{{Reflist}}

==Toltolan==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20121115180711/http://www.muziejai.lt/Prev_vers/Klasicizmas/klasicizm_dailininkai.htm  VILNIAUS KLASICIZMO DAILININKAI.] (VILNIUS CLASSICISM) Lietuvos dailės muziejus, 2000 (Association of Lithuanian Museums). Retrieved 2016-12-24 via archived copy.&lt;!--dead link replacement--&gt;

{{Authority control}}{{Poon}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Damelis, Jonas}}
[[Kategorya:Mga 1780 nA kamundagan]]
[[Kategorya:Mga 1840 na kagadanan]]
[[Kategorya:Mga tawong haleng Jelgava]]
[[Kategorya:Mga tawong haleng Duchy nin Courland asin Semigallia]]
[[Kategorya:Mga Neoklasisistang pintor]]
[[Kategorya:Mga Lithuanian na pintor]]
[[Kategorya:Mga Byelarusong pintor]]
[[Kategorya:Mga Leton na pintor]]
[[Kategorya:Mga Polakong pintor]]
[[Kategorya:Mga lalaking Polakong pintor]]
[[Kategorya:Mga tapos sa Vilnius University]]</text>
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    <title>Natural na Parke kan Bulkan Mayon</title>
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      <text bytes="4543" sha1="s1qxly4ueuh3eo50pckncyoaynwt4h7" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox protected area
| name = Natural na Parke kan Bulkan Mayon
| alt_name =Bulkan Mayon 
| iucn_category = III
| photo = Mt.Mayon tam3rd.jpg
| photo_alt =Mayon Volcano 
| photo_caption = An pinakatahaw kan Natural na parke, an haros perpektong balisungsong kan Bulkan Mayon
| photo_width = 
| map = Filipinas Albay#Luzon#Filipinas
| relief = 1
| map_alt =Philippines 
| map_caption = Lokasyon sa laog kan Albay
| map_width = 
| location = [[Albay]]
| nearest_city = [[Legazpi, Albay|Legazpi City]], [[Ligao|Ligao City]], [[Tabaco|Tabaco City]]
| coords = {{coord|13|15|24|N|123|41|6|E|region:PH|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| coords_ref = 
| area = {{convert|5775.7|ha}}
| established = July 20, 1938 (National park)&lt;br&gt;November 21, 2000 (Natural park)
| visitation_num = 
| visitation_year = 
| governing_body = Protected Areas and Wildlife Bureau of the [[Department of Environment and Natural Resources]]
| url = 
| child = 
| embedded = 
}}
An '''Natural na Parke kan Bulkan Mayon''' iyo an protektadong rona kan [[Filipinas]] na namomogtak sa [[Rehiyon Bikol]] (Rehiyon 5) sa sur-subangan kan isla kan [[Luzon]], an pinakadakulang isla kan nasyon. An Natural na parke sakop an rona nin 5, 7775.7 na ektarya (14, 272 acres), kun saen kabali an saiyang pinakatahaw na [[Bulkan Mayon]], an pinakaaktibong bulkan sa Filipinas, asin saiyang kataraid sa palibot.&lt;ref name=pawb&gt;[http://www.pawb.gov.ph/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=65:region-5&amp;catid=69:regions &quot;Region 5 - Protected Areas&quot;] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120321103724/http://www.pawb.gov.ph/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=65%3Aregion-5&amp;catid=69%3Aregions |date=March 21, 2012 }}. Protected Areas and Wildlife Bureau of the Philippines. Retrieved on May 23, 2013.&lt;/ref&gt; Bistado an bulkan huli sa saiyang bantog na haros perpektong korteng balisungsong. Enot na prinoteksyonan bilang Nasyunal na Parke kaidtong 1938, klinasipikar giraray bilang Natural na Parke pag-abot kan taon na 2000.&lt;ref name=pawb/&gt;

==Heograpiya==
An Natural na Parke kan Bulkan Mayon nagsasakop kan rona nin {{convert|5775.7|ha}} namomogtak sa walong syudad asin munisipalidad na igwang hurisdiksyon kan bukid. An mga komunidad na ini iyo an [[Camalig, Albay|Camalig]], [[Daraga, Albay|Daraga]], [[Guinobatan, Albay|Guinobatan]], [[Legazpi, Albay|Legazpi City]], [[Ligao|Ligao City]], [[Tabaco|Tabaco City]], [[Malilipot]], asin [[Santo Domingo, Albay|Santo Domingo]], gabos sa probinsya kan Albay.  An alitoktok kan bulkan iyo an pinakahalangkaw na elebasyon sa bilog na Kabikolan sa {{convert|2462|m}}.&lt;ref&gt;[http://volcano.si.edu/volcano.cfm?vn=273030 &quot;Mayon&quot;]. Global Volcanism Program. Retrieved on May 23, 2013.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Geograpiya  ==

An Bulkan Mayon may hiwas na minaabot sa 5,775.7 ektarya na minasakop nin walong munisipyo. An mga munisipyo na ini iyo an Camalig, Daraga, Guinobatan, Legazpi City, Ligao City, Malilipot, and Santo Domingo, gabos ini parte kan probinsya nin Albay. An pikataas na parte kan bulkan an pinaka halangkaw sa rehiyon Bikol na mina abot sa 2,462 metro (8,077 ft).
==Kasaysayan==
An protektadong rona enot na dineklara bilang ''Nasyunal na Parke kan Bulkan Mayon'', na igwa nin inisyal na rona nin {{convert|5458.65|ha}}, kaidtong Hulyo 20, 1938, sa paagi kan Proclamation no. 292 durante kan [[Philippine Commonwealth|Commonwealth]] [[Presidents of the Philippines|presidency]] ni [[Manuel L. Quezon]].  Kaidtong 1992, an Republic Act No. 7586 o an National Integrated Protected Areas System (NIPAS) Act inistablisar tanganing makalalang, designar, klasipikar asin pamahalaan kan [[Departamento kan Kapalibotan asin mga Natural na Gunuan]], gabos na mga protektadong rona kan nasyon para sa presente asin sa nuanoy na mga kapag-arakian kan mga [[Pilipino]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.psdn.org.ph/chmbio/ra7586.html &quot;Republic Act No. 7586&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130716094735/http://www.psdn.org.ph/chmbio/ra7586.html |date=2013-07-16 }}. Philippine Sustainable Development Network. Retrieved on May 20, 2013.&lt;/ref&gt;  Sa irarom kan NIPAS, an Mayon Volcano National Park klinasipikar giraray asin liniwat an ngaran sa ''Mayon Volcano Natural Park'' kasabay kan pagpirma kan Proclamation No. 412 kaidtong November 21, 2000.&lt;ref name=pawb/&gt;

==Mga ladawan==
&lt;gallery widths=200px&gt;
Mt Mayon via Sumlang Lake - Albay - Philippines.jpg|Tanawon kan Mt. Mayon sa Sumlang Lake sa Albay
ATV Adventure at Mt Mayon, Albay, Philippines.jpg|ATV adventure sa Mt. Mayon
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Toltolan ==
{{reflist}}
{{poon}}</text>
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    <title>Karl Svoboda</title>
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      <text bytes="3739" sha1="gdgdsnpxu4410zgdtk52dbhypey4fdh" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox officeholder
| image               = Karl Svoboda.jpg
| office              = Member of the&lt;br&gt;[[Municipal Council and Landtag of Vienna]]
| termstart           = 25 June 1979
| termend             = 29 November 1996
| constituency        = [[Favoriten]]
| party               = [[Social Democratic Party of Austria]]
| birth_date          = {{Birth date|1929|11|23|df=y}}
| birth_place         = [[Vienna]], [[First Austrian Republic|Austria]]
| death_date          = {{Death date and age|2022|11|1|1929|11|23|df=y}}
}}

Si '''Karl Svoboda''' (Nobyembre 23, 1929 – Nobyembre 1, 2022) iyo an Austrianong politiko na nagsirbe sa [[Municipal Council and Landtag of Vienna]] poon kaidtong 1979 sagkod kan 1996 bilang sarong myembro kan [[Social Democratic Party of Austria]].

== Biograpiya ==
Si Karl Svoboda namundag kaidtong Nobyembre 23, 1929 sa [[Vienna]], [[First Austrian Republic|Austria]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Karl Svoboda |url=https://www.wien.gv.at/advuew/internet/AdvPrSrv.asp?Layout=politiker&amp;Type=K&amp;POLLAY=histpolsuche&amp;PERSONCD=2012062211092739&amp;SUCHNAME=Svoboda%20Karl&amp;HP=Y&amp;PERIODE=&amp;RF=02&amp;ICD=2011021810192827 |access-date=6 November 2022 |website=[[Government of Vienna]] |language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tinuod si Svoboda bilang sarong civil engineer.&lt;ref name=&quot;OTS-Obit&quot;/&gt; Kaidtong 1973, nagbali siya sa [[Social Democratic Party of Austria]] (SPÖ), nagin aktibo sa saiyang pig-eerokan na distrito na [[Favoriten]], na kun saen siya nagsirbe sa saiyang district council poon kaidtong 1978 sagkod kan 1979.&lt;ref name=&quot;OTS-Obit&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2 November 2022 |title=SPÖ-Rathausklub: In tiefer Trauer um Karl Svoboda |trans-title=SPÖ Town Hall Club: In deep mourning for Karl Svoboda |url=https://www.ots.at/presseaussendung/OTS_20221102_OTS0067/spoe-rathausklub-in-tiefer-trauer-um-karl-svoboda |access-date=6 November 2022 |website=OTS.at |language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |last=Pufler |first=Karl |date=2 November 2022 |title=Ehemaliger Gemeinderat Karl Svoboda ist verstorben |language=de-AT |trans-title=Former municipal councilor Karl Svoboda has passed away |work=[[Regionalmedien Austria|MeinBezirk.at]] |url=https://www.meinbezirk.at/favoriten/c-politik/ehemaliger-gemeinderat-karl-svoboda-ist-verstorben_a5684452#gallery=null |access-date=6 November 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kaidtong [[1979 Austrian legislative election]], elihido si Svoboda sa [[Municipal Council and Landtag of Vienna]], nagrepresentar kan [[Favoriten]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Durante kan saiyang tenure, si Svoboda sa pangenot nagpokus sa mga isyu kan [[Transportasyon sa Vienna|transportasyon]], urban planning, asin social policy.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Zimmermann |first=Wolfgang |date=1 November 2022 |title=Samariterbund trauert um Karl Svoboda Sen. |url=https://www.samariter-favoriten.at/samariterbund-trauert-um-karl-svoboda-sen/ |access-date=6 November 2022 |website=ASB Favoriten |language=de-DE |archive-date=6 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221106041243/https://www.samariter-favoriten.at/samariterbund-trauert-um-karl-svoboda-sen/ |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Kaidtong 1995, siya an sarong Viennese na representate sa [[Council of European Municipalities and Regions]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |url=http://aei.pitt.edu/34782/1/A824.pdf |title=Wien in der EU |publisher=Office of the Vienna State Government |year=1995 |location=Vienna |pages=22 |language=de-AT |access-date=6 November 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; Binayaan ni Svoboda an Municipal Council/Landtag kaidtong Nobyembre 29, 1996. Nagsirbe man si Svoboda bilang chairman kan SPÖ sa Municipal Council/Landtag poon kaidtong Hunyo 22, 1988 sagkod na binayaan niya an opisina kaidtong 1996.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

==Toltolan==
{{reflist}}
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  <page>
    <title>Kunzang Choden</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>45976</id>
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      <text bytes="4020" sha1="ams0t06tgeknzhc4vmom0y6hmyvib81" xml:space="preserve">Si '''Su Kunzang Choden''' ({{Lang-dz|ཨམ་ཀུན་བཟང་ཆོས་སྒྲོན་གྱི་སྐོར།}}; namundag kan 1952) &lt;ref&gt;Zubaan Books. [http://www.zubaanbooks.com/circleofkarma/ Circle of Karma website] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071020045539/http://www.zubaanbooks.com/circleofkarma/|date=2007-10-20}}.&lt;/ref&gt; sarong  [[Bhutanese]] na parasurat. Siya an pinaka-inot na babaying Bhutanese na nagsurat nin nobela sa Ingles.

Si Choden namundag sa Distritong [[Bumthang]].  An saiyang mga magurang mga tagsadiri nin daga. Sa  edad na siyam (9), pinaklase siya kan saiyang ama sa [[Indya]], kun sain nag-adal siya nin Ingles.&lt;ref&gt;Avijit Ghosh. &quot;[https://web.archive.org/web/20121017072237/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1050403/asp/look/story_4562286.asp Coming full circle].&quot; ''[[:en:The_Telegraph_(Kolkata)|The Telegraph (Kolkata)]]''. 3 Abril 2005.&lt;/ref&gt; Ugwa siya nin BA Honours sa Sikolohiya sa [[Kolehiyo kan Indraprastha]] sa [[Delhi]] asin sarong BA sa Sosyolohiya  sa [[Unibersidad kan Nebraska-Lincoln]]. Nagtrabaho siya sa [[United Nations Development Program]] sa [[Bhutan]]. Siya asin an saiyang agom na Swiss nakaistar ngunyan sa [[Thimphu]]. &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.zubaanbooks.com/zubaan_author_details.asp?AuthorID=16 Zubaan Books] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071020052006/http://www.zubaanbooks.com/zubaan_author_details.asp?AuthorID=16|date=2007-10-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;

An Bilog kan Karma, na ipinublikar kan [[Penguin Books]] (Indya) kan 2005, iyo an saiyang inot na nobela. Ini nangyari kan mga 1950, an inot na periodo nin nasyunal na pagtapsok sa modernong panahon sa Bhutan. An bida, sarong babaeng Bhutanese asin an hanap buhay iyo an paggibo nin tinampo, inaagihan niya a kapwa tradisyonal, limitadong mga paghiling sa babayi sa dating Bhutan asin an bagong klase nin ''sexism'' na nagtatalubo habang ang mga lalaki nagkakaugwa nin katalingkasan sa ekonomiya.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|first=Anna Sujatha|last=Mathai|url=https://www.thehindu.com/mag/2005/07/17/stories/2005071700370500.htm|archive-url=https://archive.today/20151220152133/http://www.thehindu.com/mag/2005/07/17/stories/2005071700370500.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=20 December 2015|title=Rooted in the soil and earth|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=17 July 2005|accessdate=14 January 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kadaklan sa nobela nangyari sa North Indya. 

Kan 2012, si Choden asin an saiyang pamilya nagtugdas nin ''publishing house'', Riyang Books, sa Thimphu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Our own Penguin|url=https://thebhutanese.bt/our-own-penguin/|access-date=2022-05-11|website=The Bhutanese|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=About|url=https://www.riyangbooks.com/about|access-date=2022-05-11|website=Riyang Books|language=en-US|archive-date=2022-01-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120182408/https://www.riyangbooks.com/about/|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kan 2020  COVID-19 pandemic, an aking babae ni Choden, si Dechen Roder, na sarong paragibo nin pelikula, naggibo nin mga rekording sa kan saiyang ina na nagbabasa kan saiyang mga istorya asin ibinugtak iyan sa YouTube para sa mga aki na yaon sa harong durante kan ''lockdown''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Tell Me A Story: Rediscovering The Lost Art Of Oral Narrations|url=https://www.readersdigest.in/features/story-tell-me-a-story-rediscovering-the-lost-art-of-oral-narrations-125708?fbclid=IwAR3El3y4RDcraTl5m6wn88wKjwa_46TQDOJ2t4Dptn0aiO0BFuysiBKEKgs|last=|first=|date=|website=|access-date=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bibliograpiya ==

* ''Folktales of Bhutan'' (1994) {{ISBN|974-8495-96-5}}
* ''Bhutanese Tales of the Yeti'' (1997) {{ISBN|1-879155-83-4}}
* ''Dawa: The Story of a Stray Dog in Bhutan'' (2004) {{ISBN|99936-644-0-5}}
* ''[[The Circle of Karma]]'' (2005) {{ISBN|81-86706-79-8}}
* '' Chilli and Cheese- Food and Society in Bhutan'' (2008) {{ISBN|978-974-480-118-0}}
* '' Tales in Colour and other stories'' (2009) {{ISBN|978-81-89884-62-8}}
* ''Membar Tsho - The Flaming Lake'' (2012) {{ISBN|9993689912|}}

== Mga Toltolan ==</text>
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    <title>Namgay Zam</title>
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      <text bytes="9563" sha1="04a3ijpmgo92eslgfvm3fewrlj1w3mw" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person|name=Namgay Zam|birth_date={{Birth year|1985}}|nationality=Bhutanese|education=BA sa Literatura nin Ingles|alma_mater=[[Lady Shri Ram College]]|occupation=Parasurat, Journalist}}
[[Category:Articles with hCards]]
 

Si Namgay Zam (namundag kan 1985) sarong Bhutanese na journalist asin aktibista.  

Siya prodyuser asin tagapagbarita sa publikong [[Bhutan Broadcasting Service]], siya ngunyan namamahala bilang ehekutibong direktor kan Asosasyon nin mga Journalists kan Bhutan. Kan 2016, nagkaugwang demanda laban kay Zam asin ini inot na pigkokonsiderar na primerong kaso kan katalingkasan sa ''press'' kan nasyon pagkatapos kan paglipat sa demokratikong estado. 

== Buhay asin Edukasyon ==
Si Namgay Zam namundag kan 1985 sa sarong pamilyang [[Bhutanese]] sa [[Bhutan]], kun sain siya nagdakula. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|last=McCarthy|first=Julie|date=2018-02-12|title=The Birthplace Of 'Gross National Happiness' Is Growing A Bit Cynical|language=en|work=NPR|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/parallels/2018/02/12/584481047/the-birthplace-of-gross-national-happiness-is-growing-a-bit-cynical|access-date=2021-09-29}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite magazine|last=Chan|first=Michelle Jana|date=2019-03-19|title=Bhutan: Spatial Awareness|language=en-US|magazine=Vanity Fair|issue=|url=https://www.vanityfair.com/london/2019/02/bhutan-spatial-awareness|access-date=2021-09-29|issn=0733-8899}}&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Gajewska|first=Ewa|date=2017-09-29|title=Namgay Zam: Bhutan pozbawiony sprawiedliwości|url=https://www.rp.pl/plus-minus/art10190161-namgay-zam-bhutan-pozbawiony-sprawiedliwosci|access-date=2021-09-29|website=Rzeczpospolita|language=pl}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nagklase siya Kolehiyo kan Lady Shri Ram, sarong kolehiyo para sa kababayihan sa [[Unibersidad kan Delhi]], sa [[Indya]].  Naggraduar siya na may bachelor's degree sa Literatura nin Ingles. &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Namgay Zam: Journalist, Bhutan|url=https://www.salzburgglobal.org/people?userID=37269&amp;cHash=eb973c31da4a918d0231444a55c0ce8a|access-date=2021-09-29|website=Salzburg Global Seminar|archive-date=2021-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422232952/https://www.salzburgglobal.org/people?userID=37269&amp;cHash=eb973c31da4a918d0231444a55c0ce8a|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/744286132|title=Radio Shangri-La : what I discovered on my accidental journey to the happiest kingdom on earth|last=Napoli|first=Lisa|date=2012|publisher=Broadway Books|isbn=978-0-307-45303-7|edition=|location=New York|oclc=744286132}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Karera sa Journalism ==
Si Zam nagpoon kan saiyang karera sa pinaka-inot na pang-joven na nasyonal na istasyon nin radyo sa Bhutan, an [[Kuzoo FM]], kan 2007. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; Nag trabaho siya bilang prodyuser asin para-bareta sa Ingles para sa [[Bhutan Broadcasting Service]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Arora|first=Vishal|date=2017-02-10|title=Journalist Namgay Zam Leaves Bhutan: Brain Drain in Action|url=https://thediplomat.com/2017/02/journalist-namgay-zam-leaves-bhutan-brain-drain-in-action/|access-date=2021-09-29|website=The Diplomat|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|last=Schultz|first=Kai|date=2016-12-05|title=Bhutan Faces an Important Test of Press Freedom|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/05/world/asia/bhutan-press-freedom.html|access-date=2021-09-29|issn=0362-4331}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sampulong bulan siya kan 2015 asin 2016 bilang sarong Humphrey sa Walter Cronkite School of Journalism and Mass Communication duman sa Unibersidad kan Estado nin Arizona. &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2015-08-14|title=ASU welcomes international journalists for Humphrey Fellowship Program|url=https://news.asu.edu/content/asu-welcomes-international-journalists-humphrey-fellowship-program|access-date=2021-09-29|website=ASU News|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kan 2017, siya pigladawan kan [[The Diplomat|''The Diplomat'']] bilang &quot;pinakamidbid na lalawgon sa telebisyon kan Bhutan.&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; Nagsurat man siya nin mga artikulo sa mga publikasyon kaiba an ''[[Guradian]]'', Australian Broadcasting Corporation, asin an ''[[Hindustan Times]]''. &lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;

Puera sa saiyang trabahong pag-''broadcast'' asin pagsurat, namidbid si Zam huli sa aktibo niang presensia sa social media. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Mazumder|first=Jayeeta|date=2014-06-05|title=Women rule Bhutan's lit fest|url=https://www.femina.in/women/women-like-you/women-rule-bhutans-lit-fest-2694-4.html|access-date=2021-09-29|website=Femina|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kan 2016, siya inakusaran nin ''defamation'' kan maimpluwensiyang negosyante na si Sonam Phuntsho, an panugangan kan Primerong Hustisya kan nasyon na si [[Tshering Wangchuk]], sa sarong ''post'' sa [[Facebook]] kun sain nag-entra man siya sa petisyon kontra sa negosyante. &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;  &lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Topping|first=Alexandra|date=2016-11-18|title=Bhutan journalist hit by defamation suit for sharing Facebook post|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/nov/18/bhutan-journalist-hit-by-defamation-suit-for-sharing-facebook-post|access-date=2021-09-29|website=The Guardian|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Linadawan niya an pagdemanda saiya bilang sarong &quot;witch hunt&quot; na pinanginginotan ni Wangchuk. &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;

An Kaso ni Zam, kun sain maagihan niya an pagkakulong o multa na 2.5 milyones na [[Bhutanese ngultrum]], na kapantay an sampulong (10) taon nin sahod para saiya, nasabi kan mga aktibista asin internasyunal na medya na ini pinaka-inot na kaso kan katalingkasan kan ''press'' sa Bhutan pagkatapos an paglipat sa demokratikong estado. &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt; Maski binawi an demanda kan Enero 2017 bago pa mahatulan, naghali si Zam sa Bhutan paduman sa [[Nepal]], asin nagtrabaho bilang deputy editor sa sarong start-up na medya, an ''Onward Nepal,'' na nakakabase sa [[Kathmandu]]. &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O512DwAAQBAJ|title=Freedom in the World 2018: The Annual Survey of Political Rights and Civil Liberties|last=Freedom House|date=2019-01-31|publisher=Rowman &amp; Littlefield|isbn=978-1-5381-1203-8|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Alagad, nagbalik siya sa Bhutan haling Nepal mga sunod na bulan kan taon na idto. &lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Johnson|first=Emily|date=2018-05-07|title=Bhutan, known for its Gross National Happiness Index, comes to terms with mental health crisis|url=https://www.pri.org/stories/2018-05-07/bhutan-known-its-gross-national-happiness-index-comes-terms-mental-health-crisis|access-date=2021-09-29|website=The World from PRX|language=en|archive-date=2021-09-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210929195545/https://www.pri.org/stories/2018-05-07/bhutan-known-its-gross-national-happiness-index-comes-terms-mental-health-crisis|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kan Oktubre 2017, nagpuon si Zam na magprodyusir asin mag''host'' sa inot na programa para sa mental na salud, an ''Mind Over Matter Bhutan,'' sa [[Radio Valley]]. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot; /&gt; Kan 2019, inilansar niya an pinaka-inot na [[podcast]] kan nasyon, an ''Dragon Tales.'' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2019-12-17|title=Dragon Tales: Namgay Zam Launches Bhutan's First Podcast on Spotify|url=https://asiasociety.org/asia21-young-leaders/dragon-tales-namgay-zam-launches-bhutans-first-podcast-spotify|access-date=2021-09-29|website=Asia Society|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nagtratrabaho siya ngunyan bilang sarong independyenteng journalist sa kabisera kan Bhutan, an [[Thimphu]]. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Pundir|first=Pallavi|date=2021-04-16|title=Bhutan Vaccinated Almost Everyone In 2 Weeks. Here's How They Did it.|url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/k78qae/bhutan-covid-19-vaccine-53-doctors-success-story|access-date=2021-09-29|website=Vice|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kan 2019, nagin siyang ehekutibong direktor kan Asosasyon nin mga Journalists kan Bhutan. &lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2019-03-08|title=Namgay Zam: &quot;Stories perpetuate gender stereotypes&quot;|url=https://www.ifj.org/media-centre/news/detail/category/women-workers/article/namgay-zam-stories-perpetuate-gender-stereotypes.html|access-date=2021-09-29|website=International Federation of Journalists|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Nagpamidbid siya nin pagkakapantay-pantay sa medya bilang saro sa saiyang mga katuyuhan bilang ehekutibong direktor &lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot; /&gt; Naghingoa man siyang makaareglo nin pro bono legal na serbisyo para sa mga journalists. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=|date=2020-10-22|title=Bhutan: Journalism without Fear or Favour in Eastern Himalayas|url=https://en.unesco.org/news/bhutan-journalism-without-fear-favour-eastern-himalayas|access-date=2021-09-29|website=UNESCO|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Aktibismo ==
Bilang aktibista, sinuportahan ni Zam an manlainlain na kawsa kabali an hustisya sa sosyedad, pagkakapantay nin iba-ibang mga ''gender'' asin an adbokasiya sa mental na salud. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; Kabali siya sa Bhutan Network para sa Pagpapakusog sa mga Kababaihan asin nagtrabaho siya kaiba an manlainlain na NGOs, kaiba na diyan an Bhutan Youth Development Fund, sa mga kawsang ini. &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Namgay Zam|url=https://www.asialiteraryreview.com/users/namgay-zam|access-date=2021-09-29|website=Asia Literary Review|language=en|archive-date=2021-09-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210929195546/https://www.asialiteraryreview.com/users/namgay-zam|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mga Toltolan ==</text>
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    <title>Kitchie Nadal</title>
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      <text bytes="10817" sha1="do5kihqtwo9yrrrfabe7gleczby0psb" xml:space="preserve">{| class=&quot;infobox biography vcard&quot; id=&quot;4&quot;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; id=&quot;7&quot; class=&quot;infobox-above&quot; |&lt;div id=&quot;8&quot; class=&quot;fn&quot;&gt;Kitchie Nadal&lt;/div&gt;
|- id=&quot;10&quot;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; id=&quot;11&quot; class=&quot;infobox-image&quot; |[[Ladawan:Kitchie Nadal June 09.jpg|sentro|220x220px]]
|- id=&quot;12&quot;
! scope=&quot;row&quot; id=&quot;13&quot; class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; |Born
| id=&quot;15&quot; class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |&lt;div id=&quot;16&quot; class=&quot;nickname&quot;&gt;Anna Katrina Dumilon Nadal&lt;/div&gt;(&lt;span class=&quot;bday&quot;&gt;1980-09-16&lt;/span&gt;) September 16, 1980&lt;span class=&quot;noprint ForceAgeToShow&quot;&gt; (age&amp;nbsp;43)&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;div id=&quot;20&quot; class=&quot;birthplace&quot;&gt;[[:en:Manila|Manila]], Philippines&lt;/div&gt;
|- id=&quot;23&quot;
! scope=&quot;row&quot; id=&quot;24&quot; class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; |Spouse
| id=&quot;26&quot; class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |&lt;div id=&quot;28&quot; class=&quot;marriage-display-ws&quot;&gt;&lt;div id=&quot;29&quot;&gt;Carlos López&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&quot;31&quot;&gt;&amp;#x200B;&lt;/div&gt;&amp;#x28;&lt;abbr title=&quot;&lt;nowiki&amp;gt;married&lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;&quot;&gt;m.&lt;/abbr&gt;&amp;nbsp;2015&amp;#x29;&amp;#x200B;&lt;/div&gt;
|- id=&quot;34&quot;
! scope=&quot;row&quot; id=&quot;35&quot; class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; |Children
| id=&quot;37&quot; class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |1
|- id=&quot;39&quot;
! scope=&quot;row&quot; id=&quot;40&quot; class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; |Relatives
| id=&quot;42&quot; class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[:en:Rico_Blanco|Rico Blanco]] (cousin)
|- id=&quot;45&quot;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; id=&quot;46&quot; class=&quot;infobox-full-data&quot; |'''Musical career'''
|- id=&quot;48&quot;
! scope=&quot;row&quot; id=&quot;49&quot; class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; |Genres
| id=&quot;51&quot; class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |&lt;div id=&quot;53&quot; class=&quot;hlist&quot;&gt;
* [[:en:Pop_rock|Pop rock]]
* [[:en:Alternative_rock|alternative rock]]
* [[:en:Original_Pilipino_Music|OPM]]
&lt;/div&gt;
|- id=&quot;64&quot;
! scope=&quot;row&quot; id=&quot;65&quot; class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; |Occupation(s)
| id=&quot;67&quot; class=&quot;infobox-data role&quot; |&lt;div id=&quot;69&quot; class=&quot;hlist&quot;&gt;
* Singer
* songwriter
* guitarist
&lt;/div&gt;
|- id=&quot;77&quot;
! scope=&quot;row&quot; id=&quot;78&quot; class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; |Instrument(s)
| id=&quot;80&quot; class=&quot;infobox-data note&quot; |&lt;div id=&quot;82&quot; class=&quot;hlist&quot;&gt;
* Guitar
* vocals
&lt;/div&gt;
|- id=&quot;88&quot;
! scope=&quot;row&quot; id=&quot;89&quot; class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; |&lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;Years active&lt;/span&gt;
| id=&quot;91&quot; class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |1998–present
|- id=&quot;93&quot;
! scope=&quot;row&quot; id=&quot;94&quot; class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; |Labels
| id=&quot;96&quot; class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |&lt;div id=&quot;98&quot; class=&quot;hlist&quot;&gt;
* [[:en:Warner_Music_Group|Warner]]
* [[:en:GMA_Music|GMA]]
* Be.Live
* 12 Stone/[[:en:Universal_Records_(Philippines)|Universal]]
&lt;/div&gt;
|- id=&quot;112&quot;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; id=&quot;113&quot; |&lt;div id=&quot;114&quot; class=&quot;shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux&quot;&gt;Musical artist&lt;/div&gt;
|- id=&quot;116&quot;
! scope=&quot;row&quot; id=&quot;117&quot; class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; |Website
| id=&quot;119&quot; class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |&lt;span class=&quot;url&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20160119125757/http://www.kitchienadal.com/ http://www.kitchienadal.com]&lt;/span&gt;
|}
Si '''Anna Katrina &quot;Kitchie&quot; Dumilon Nadal''' (namundag kan Septyembre 16, 1980) sarong Pilipinong parakanta-parasurat na dating nangengenot na vocalist para sa alternatibong bandang rock, na [[Mojofly]]. an saiyang popularidad sa babaying O[[kan Pilipinas|PM]] niche matapos na magluwas siya nin sarong sadiring solong album na nagtatampok kan saiyang chart-topping single, &quot;Huwag na Huwag Mong Sasabihin&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20230219134714/http://www.philmusicregistry.net/artist_profile.php?artist_id=2997 Kitchie Nadal], &quot;Online Registry of Filipino Musical Artists and Their Works&quot;, Retrieved May 6, 2006&lt;/ref&gt; saiyang debut na album sa itaas na ''[[:en:Kitchie_Nadal_(Album)|Kitchie Nadal]]'' nag'bungsod nin bilang 4 sa Chart kan Filipinas, pakalihis sarong taon an album suminakat sa numero 1 na may nagdadakulang benta an album certified 7x na Platinum sa PARI na igwang mga bentaheng 214,800 pisikal CD album kopyas sa Pilipinas.

== Karera ==
Kan 2004, binuhay liwat ni Nadal an sarong kanta na Carpenters, &quot;Merry Christmas Darling&quot; gikan sa he Warner Philippines Christmas album, ''The Warner Music Philippines All-Stars Christmas Collection''.

Kan 2005, sa pagsuporta kan [[:en:United_Nations_Millennium_Campaign|United Nations Millennium Campaign]] Nadal asin 26 pang ibang artistang Filipino an nag-ambag sa album na may titulong T''Tayo Tayo Rin Sa 2015 - Sing the Songs. Find your Voice. Change the World. It's your Choice'', na pinaluwas kan [[:en:United_Nations|Estados Unidos]] (sa Pilipinas).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web}}&lt;/ref&gt;2008 nahiling an Nadal na pagresibe niya kan saiyang ikaduwang album na Love Letter na igwang 17 gabos na orihinal na track. saiyang pinakahuring solong Highway, na ginamit para sa Caltex, igwa nin mahiwas na radio airplay.

an interpretasyon ''[[unin (Mga serye ninTV)|ni]]'' Nadal kan ''Iniibig Kita'' sa pinakainot na tele-epiko kan ''[[:en:Rounin_(TV_series)|Rounin]]'' 2008, an ABS-CBN pinugol siya giraray na buhayon liwat an Hatala (sarong Rivermaya orihinal), bilang sinasabing theme song ''para sa soap'' [[:en:Habang_May_Buhay|''Humingi Ako Sa Langit'' (retitled as ''Habang May Buhay'')]].

sia nag - aprobar nin multinasyonal na kompanyang gas na Cal[[tex]]. Nadal nagluwas sa sarong Caltex na komersyal kaiba an iba pang internasyonal na mga musikero.

== Personal na buhay ==
Nadal sarong alumni kan St[[. Scholastica's College, Manila]]. tapos man siya nin dobleng grado mayor sa edukasyon asin sikolohiya sa De [[De La Salle na Unibersidad|La Salle University-Manila]].&lt;ref name=&quot;officialbio&quot;&gt;{{Cite web}}&lt;/ref&gt;

napangagom niya iyo an Kastilang peryodista na si Carlos López kan 2015 sa Tagaytay, asin kan 2017, nangaki siya nin sarong aking lalaki. presente, an pamilya nag-eerok sa Madrid.

== Discograpiya ==

* 2004 - ''[[:en:Kitchie_Nadal_(Album)|Kitchie Nadal]]'' ([[:en:Warner_Music_Group|Warner Music Group]])
* 2007 - ''Drama Queen TV'' EP ([[:en:GMA_Music|GMA Music]])
* 2008 - ''Love Letter'' (Be.Live Artists)
* 2013 - ''Malaya'' (12 Stone/[[:en:Universal_Records_(Philippines)|Universal Records]])

== Mga album sa Collaboration na kaiba si Kitchie Nadal ==

* ''Tunog Acoustic'' 1 to 4 (Warner Music Philippines, 2003–2006)
* ''Acoustic Night Live'' 2 (Viva Records, 2004)
* ''Perfectly Acoustic'' 2 (Octoarts Music Philippines, 2004)
* ''All-Star Christmas Collection'' (Warner Music Philippines, 2004)
* ''The MDG Album: Tayo Tayo Rin Sa 2015'' (UN Philippines, 2005)
* ''Supersize Rock'' (Warner Music Philippines, 2005)
* ''[[:en:Ultraelectromagneticjam!:_The_Music_Of_The_Eraserheads|Ultraelectromagneticjam!: The Music Of The Eraserheads]]'' (Sony BMG Music Philippines, 2005)
* ''[[:en:Kami_nAPO_muna|Kami nAPO muna]]: A Tribute to APO'' (Universal Records, 2006)
* ''The Best Of Manila Sound: Hopia Mani Popcorn'' (Viva Records, 2006)
* ''Mga Awit ng Puso: The Best of GMA Themes'' Vol. 2 (GMA Music, 2006)
* ''I-Star 15: The Best of Alternative &amp; Rock'' (Star Music, 2010)

== Mga Solo ==

* &quot;Run&quot;
* &quot;Fire&quot;
* &quot;Bulong&quot;
* &quot;Huwag Na Huwag Mong Sasabihin&quot; (covered by Michael V. as a parody song, now covered by [[:en:Sud_(band)|SUD]])
* &quot;[[:en:Ligaya|Ligaya]]&quot; (Original by [[:en:Eraserheads|Eraserheads]], now covered by [[:en:Mayonnaise_(band)|Mayonnaise]])
* &quot;Majika&quot; (Original TV Theme from the GMA 7 Telebabad Program, ''[[:en:Majika|Majika]]'')
* &quot;[[:en:Merry_Christmas_Darling|Merry Christmas Darling]]&quot; (Original by [[:en:The_Carpenters|The Carpenters]])
* &quot;Pag-Ibig&quot; (Original by [[:en:APO_Hiking_Society|APO Hiking Society]], now covered by [[:en:Regine_Velasquez|Regine Velasquez-Alcasid]] as an ad jingle for [[:en:Nestlé|Nestlé]])
* &quot;Pers-Labs&quot; (Original by [[:en:Cinderella_(Filipino_band)|Cinderella]], now covered by [[:en:Charlie_Green_(singer)|Charlie Green]])
* &quot;Same Ground&quot;
* &quot;Malaya&quot;
* &quot;Simula Ngayon&quot;
* &quot;Wandering Stars&quot;

== Mga Lakdang ==
''Rounin'' TV Soundtrack (Star Music, 2007)

== Mga Kolaborasyon ==

* Additional vocals for ''Ilog'' for [[:en:Rivermaya|Rivermaya]]'s album ''[[:en:Isang_Ugat,_Isang_Dugo|Isang Ugat, Isang Dugo]]'', 2006
* ''Greatest Day'' - duet with a old version by Charlene Deslate and Harlene Delgado and a new version by Anja Aguilar and Marika Sasaki, a single written for Sunsilk ([[:en:Unilever|Unilever]] Philippines), 2007
* ''Makulay Na Buhay'' - Kitchie wrote the theme song for the GMA TV show ''[[:en:I_Luv_NY|I Luv NY]]'', sung by [[:en:Jolina_Magdangal|Jolina Magdangal]].
* ''In A Big Way'' - a duet with European pop/rock band [https://web.archive.org/web/20050212211118/http://gain-insight.com/ INSIGHT]. There are two versions of this song in the album ''LOVE LETTER'', the Kitchie Nadal version and the Insight version.
* ''Walk On Water'' - Akshai Sarin is a co-writer and producer
* ''Tadhana'' - Kitchie shares writing credits with Jack Rufo
* ''Idoy, Uday'' - Kitchie and [[:en:Bullet_Dumas|Bullet Dumas]] perform Dumas' arrangement of the traditional Waray song.

== Mga gawad asin nominasyon ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Taon
!Mga Gawad
!Kategorya
!Nominado na gibo
!Mga Resulta
|-
| rowspan=&quot;9&quot; |2005
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[:en:Aliw_Awards|Aliw Awards]]
|Most Promising Entertainer of the Year (Female)||{{N/A}}||{{won}}
|-
|Best Performance in a Concert (Female)||{{N/A}}||{{won}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[:en:Awit_Awards|Awit Awards]]
|Best Performance by a Female Recording Artist
| align=&quot;center&quot; |&quot;Huwag Na Huwag Mong Sasabihin&quot;||{{won}}
|-
|Best Ballad
| align=&quot;center&quot; |&quot;Huwag Na Huwag Mong Sasabihin&quot;||{{won}}
|-
|[[:en:MTV_Pilipinas_Music_Awards|MTV Pilipinas Music Awards]]
|MTV Ayos! Award for Chart Attack Song of the Year
| align=&quot;center&quot; |&quot;Huwag Na Huwag Mong Sasabihin&quot;||{{won}}
|-
|[[:en:Nickelodeon_Kids'_Choice_Award|Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Award]]
|Pinoy Wannabe||{{N/A}}||{{won}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |[[:en:NU_Rock_Awards|NU Rock Awards]]
|Best Female Award||{{N/A}}||{{nominated}}
|-
|Artist of the Year||{{N/A}}||{{nominated}}
|-
|Music Video of the Year
| align=&quot;center&quot; |&quot;Same Ground&quot;||{{nominated}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2006
|[[:en:MTV_Asia_Awards|MTV Asia Awards]]
|Favorite Artist (Philippines)||{{N/A}}||{{nominated}}
|-
|[[:en:MTV_Pilipinas_Music_Awards|MTV Pilipinas Music Awards]]
|Favorite Female Artist in a Video
| align=&quot;center&quot; |&quot;Fire&quot;||{{won}}&lt;ref&gt;[https://archive.today/20120918225445/http://www.titikpilipino.com/news/index.php?aid=755 All in the Family: The MTV Pilipinas Video Music Awards 2006 Winners],{{Dead link|date=October 2011}} &quot;TitikPilipino.com&quot;, Retrieved January 29, 2008&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[:en:MYX_Music_Awards|MYX Music Awards]]
|Favorite Female Artist||{{N/A}}||{{nominated}}&lt;ref name=&quot;MyxMusicAwards2006&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.philstar.com/entertainment/2006/05/01/334347/list-1st-myx-music-awards-nominees/|title=List of 1st MYX Music Awards nominees|publisher=[[PhilStar]]|author=Baby A. Gil|date=May 1, 2006 |access-date=September 12, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2007
|20th [[:en:Awit_Awards|Awit Awards]]
|Best Song Written for Movie/TV/Stage Play
| align=&quot;center&quot; |&quot;Majika&quot;||{{won}}
|-
|2008
|[[:en:Awit_Awards|Awit Awards]]
|Best World/Alternative/Bossa Music Recording
| align=&quot;center&quot; |&quot;Buwan&quot;||{{nominated}}
|-
|2009
|Philippine Radio Music Awards
|Best Independent Artist||{{N/A}}||{{won}}
|}
== &lt;span class=&quot;mw-headline&quot; id=&quot;Toltolan&quot;&gt;Toltolan&lt;/span&gt; ==
&lt;references /&gt;{{Tamboan}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Kuh Ledesma</title>
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      <text bytes="23438" sha1="3dh5pnmzc23yrtprm7hkqph7414vjfh" xml:space="preserve">{{Philippine name|Hashim|Ledesma}}
{{Infobox person
| name           = Kuh Ledesma
| image          = Kuh Ledesma in 2023.jpg
| caption        = Si Ledesma kan 2023
| title          = OPM Pop Chanteuse
| birth_name     = Maria Socorro Hashim Ledesma
| birth_date     = {{Birth date and age|1955|3|16}}
| birth_place    = [[Bacolod]], [[Negros Occidental]], Pilipinas
| occupation     = {{hlist|Parakanta|aktres|modelo|fashion designer|painter}}
| children       = Isabella Gonzalez
| years active   = 1980–presente
| website        = 
}}
Si '''Maria Socorro''' &quot;'''Kuh'''&quot; '''Hashim Ledesma''' (namundag Marso 16, 1955) sarong Filipinong parakanta asin aktres.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.mb.com.ph/articles/254760/rp-showbiz-aglow-with-tisoy-tisay |title=RP showbiz aglow with 'Tisoy,' 'Tisay' &amp;#124; Manila Bulletin |website=[[Manila Bulletin]] |access-date=May 12, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100918124751/http://www.mb.com.ph/articles/254760/rp-showbiz-aglow-with-tisoy-tisay |archive-date=September 18, 2010 }}&lt;/ref&gt; tanggap bilang &quot;'''''OPM's'' ''Pop Chanteuse'''''&quot;,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Kuh Ledesma considers Barbra Streisand her 'voice teacher' {{!}} GMA Entertainment |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/entertainment/showbiznews/news/44984/kuh-ledesma-considers-barbra-streisand-her-voice-teacher/story?amp |access-date=2023-06-07 |website=www.gmanetwork.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; siya bantog sa saiyang &quot;mapagayon na&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=Kuh Ledesma - Duet With Me Album Reviews, Songs &amp; More {{!}} AllMusic|url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/duet-with-me-mw0001213919 |access-date=2023-06-07 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; asin &quot;rich distinct vocal style&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kuh 25 Years Concert by Filipino singing star Kuh Ledesma |url=https://international.ucla.edu/institute/event/4833 |access-date=2023-06-07 |website=international.ucla.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sa karera na naglawig nin labing 40 taon, si Ledesma minimidbid bilang saro sa pinakamatitibay na pop parakanta kan Asya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Anaheim |first=City National Grove of |title=Jim Brickman &amp; Kuh Ledesma {{!}} City National Grove of Anaheim |url=https://www.citynationalgroveofanaheim.com/events/detail/jim-brickman-kuh-ledesma |access-date=2023-06-25 |website=www.citynationalgroveofanaheim.com |language=en |archive-date=2023-06-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230625030432/https://www.citynationalgroveofanaheim.com/events/detail/jim-brickman-kuh-ledesma |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Nakagibo siya nin sobra sa 1,000 konsyerto sa manlaenlaen na parte kan kinaban. Siya ang  enot na artistang inapod na &quot;[[diva]]&quot; sa industriya nin entertainment.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Pop Diva Kuh Ledesma admits to Korina: 'The biggest challenge is being Mom to Isabella' |url=https://mb.com.ph/2023/5/13/pop-diva-kuh-ledesma-admits-to-korina-the-biggest-challenge-is-being-mom-to-isabella |access-date=2023-06-25 |website=Manila Bulletin |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kaidto siya tig onra nin kadakol na akulades kabali an prestihiyosong 'Pilita Corrales Lifetime Achievement Award' kan ika-12 PMPC Star Awards for Music,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=12th Star Awards for Music nominees bared |url=https://www.pep.ph/guide/music/158921/12th-star-awards-for-music-nominees-a724-20210616-lfrm |access-date=2023-06-25 |website=PEP.ph |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; 'Singer of the Year' sa 2022 Gawad Banyuhay Awards,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=‘Megastar’ Sharon Cuneta receives Gloria Sevilla Award for career, philanthropy |url=https://www.cnnphilippines.com/entertainment/2022/12/16/Sharon-Cuneta-receives-Gloria-Sevilla-Award.html |access-date=2023-06-25 |website=CNN Philippines |language=en |archive-date=2023-06-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230604105450/https://www.cnnphilippines.com/entertainment/2022/12/16/Sharon-Cuneta-receives-Gloria-Sevilla-Award.html |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; an 'Lifetime Achievement Award' sa 2020 Aliw Awards&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Reyes |first=Alice Hernandez |date=2022-10-08 |title=KUH LEDESMA RETURNS TO USA IN DECEMBER – Aliw Awards Foundation Inc. |url=https://aliwawardsfoundationinc.com/2022/10/08/kuh-ledesma-returns-to-usa-in-december/ |access-date=2023-06-25 |language=en-PH |archive-date=2023-06-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230625024438/https://aliwawardsfoundationinc.com/2022/10/08/kuh-ledesma-returns-to-usa-in-december/ |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; asin 'Dangal ng Musikang Pilipino' at 25th Awit Awards&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kapamilya artists win big at the 25th Awit Awards; Zia Quizon bags three major awards |url=https://www.pep.ph/news/36598/kapamilya-artists-win-big-at-the-25th-awit-awards-zia-quizon-bags-three-major-awards |access-date=2023-06-25 |website=PEP.ph |language=en |archive-date=2023-06-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230625024440/https://www.pep.ph/news/36598/kapamilya-artists-win-big-at-the-25th-awit-awards-zia-quizon-bags-three-major-awards |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; para sa saiyang mahalagang kontribusyon sa industriya nin musika sa Filipinas.

Kan taong 1989, si Ledesma nagin pinakainot na Pilipinong artista na nanggana kan pinagaranan na Salem Music Award.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kuh 25 Years Concert by Filipino singing star Kuh Ledesma |url=https://international.ucla.edu/institute/event/4833 |access-date=2023-06-25 |website=international.ucla.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kan taong 1997, ilinuwas niya saiyang US debut album ''Precious'', na igwa nin mga kantang isinurat ni Kenny Loggins asin Michael McDonald.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kuh Ledesma Songs, Albums, Reviews, Bio &amp; More |url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/kuh-ledesma-mn0000542038 |access-date=2023-06-25 |website=AllMusic |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; An album nagin Top 20 strip sa US ''Billboard Jazz'' charts.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kuh Ledesma releases non-crypto NFT version of 'Precious' for PAWS {{!}} GMA Entertainment |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/entertainment/showbiznews/news/93592/kuh-ledesma-releases-non-crypto-nft-version-of-precious-for-paws/story?amp#ip=1 |access-date=2023-06-25 |website=www.gmanetwork.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2022-09-30 |title=Kuh Ledesma releases music NFT to benefit PAWS |url=https://news.abs-cbn.com/entertainment/09/30/22/kuh-ledesma-releases-music-nft-to-benefit-paws |access-date=2023-06-25 |website=ABS-CBN News |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Norma kan musikang Amerikano na dae, an ''AllMusic'', pigrokyaw si Ledesma bilang saro sa pinakamahusay na parakanta sa Pilipinas.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=Kuh Ledesma - Unforgettable Album Reviews, Songs &amp; More {{!}} AllMusic |url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/unforgettable-mw0001220608 |access-date=2023-06-25 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=Kuh Ledesma - Ako Ay Pilipino, Vol. 1 Album Reviews, Songs &amp; More {{!}} AllMusic |url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/ako-ay-pilipino-vol-1-mw0001018957 |access-date=2023-06-25 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kagtugdas kan Music Museum, saro sa pinakapopular na hunta nin konsyerto sa nasyon.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Did You Know? « Music Museum Group |url=http://www.musicmuseum.com.ph/did-you-know/ |access-date=2023-06-25 |archive-date=2023-06-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230625040054/http://www.musicmuseum.com.ph/did-you-know/ |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Kaidto ini nagsama na nin mga konsyerto ni [[Sarah Geronimo]], [[Lea Salonga]] asin [[Regine Velasquez]].

== Kuh Ledesma ==

An Filipinong parakanta na si Kuh Ledesma nagtugtog sa ''Carnegie Hall'' kan Hunyo 3, 1988, bilang headline kan saiyang palabas na ''&quot;Kuh of the Year.&quot;'' Siya sarong sa pinakaenot na Pilipino pop artists na nagperform sa prestihiyosong venue.

Si Ledesma bantog sa saiyang estilo asin presensya sa entablado. Kan 1989, siya an pinakaenot na Pilipino na nagkakaigwa nin prestihiyosong Salem Music Award, na nagpapatunay sa saiyang paninindigan sa bilog na kinaban. Kan 1997, iginrelease niya sa Estados Unidos an saiyang debut album na ''Precious'', na nagtatampok nin mga kanta na isinurat kan mga bantog na artista siring si Kenny Loggins asin Michael McDonald . An album nagkaigwa nin komersyal na kapangganahan, na nagin Top 20 sa US &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwFQ&quot;&gt;Billboard&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; Jazz charts . An American music database ''na AllMusic'' nag-omaw ki Ledesma bilang &quot;saro sa pinakamarahay na parakanta sa Filipinas,&quot;  na nagduduon kan saiyang pankinaban na presensya. Si Kuh Ledesma saro man na negosyante, na nagmukna kan ''Music Museum'', sarong iconic na lugar nin konsyerto sa eksena nin musika sa Pilipinas. Hale sa saiyang pagmukna kaini, an ''Music Museum'' nag-host nin mga pasundayag nin nagkapira sa pinakadakulang bitoon kan nasyon kabali si [[Sarah Geronimo]], [[Lea Salonga]] asin [[Regine Velasquez]] .
== Personal na buhay ==
[[File:Isabella Daughter of Kuh Ledesma Commons.jpg|thumb|120px|right|Aking babae ni Kuh Ledesma, si Isabella.]]
Si Ledesma ikinasal ki Luisito &quot;Louise&quot; Gonzalez (tagasurat ni [[Elpidio Quirino]], ikaanom na Presidente kan Filipinas poon 1948 sagkod 1953). ina ni Gonzalez na si Victoria Quirino-Gonzalez, aking babae kan dating presidente, inagom an pagpaktora nin magatong Francisco Delgado pakagadan kan enot niyang agom.

=== Kontrobersia ===
Agom ni Ledesma, si Louie Gonzalez, boluntaryong nagsuko sa ''Philippine National Bureau of Investigation'' kan Hulyo 16, 2008, pakatapos nin pagaresto na mangagadan asin pisikal na injury pinaluwas kan Manila Regional Trial Court Branch 32 Judge Thelma Medina sa tahaw kan Korte de Apelasyon. Inaresto kan Marso 2007,&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.gmanews.tv/video/25800/Kuh-Ledesma's-ex-hubby-yields-says-he's-innocent-in-slay-case gmanews.tv/video, Kuh Ledesma's ex-hubby yields, says he's innocent in slay case, 16 Hulyo 2008]&lt;/ref&gt;  huli sa paggadan niya sa saiyang tugang sa madrasta, si Federico Delgado, na nakuang gadan asin dakul an lugad nin bala.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=pr-inside.com, MAN SURRENDERS OVER 2 YEAR OLD MURDER CHARGES |url=http://www.pr-inside.com/man-surrenders-over-2-year-old-r706630.htm |access-date=2023-11-25 |archive-date=2008-10-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081010185634/http://www.pr-inside.com/man-surrenders-over-2-year-old-r706630.htm |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.philstar.com/entertainment/2018/02/06/1784855/kuh-yes-course-love-still-matters Kuh: Yes, of course, love still matters!, 6 Pebrero 2018]. Kinua Hunyo 16, 2019&lt;/ref&gt; Ledesma, sarong born-again na Kristiyanong Evangelical, igwang aking babayi kaiba si Gonzalez.

== Karera ==
[[File:Kuh Ledesma Philippine Pop Jazz Singer Commons.jpg|thumb|upright|Ledesma sa konsyerto]]
=== Pilipinas asin internasyonal na industriya nin musika ===
Karera ni Ledesma sa musika nagpoon kan siya magbali sa bandang Lastiko (dati inapod na Ensalada band) sa Bacolod mantang saro pa siyang estudyante sa pag'aadal sa Colegio San Agustin-Baculod. Ledesma nagtapos sa kurso asin mapangganang nakapasar sa Philippine National Nursing Board Exam asin nagin rehistradong nars. Ledesma asin an saiyang mga bandang amnayan na sinda Toto Gentica asin Jet Montelibano ngapit nagpasiring sa Manila tanganing mabilog an Music &amp; Magic band na nagin pibot para sa karera niya. Huri, naako siya sa pwesto bilang bidang papel sa pop ballet ''Rama Hari'' ni [[Alice Reyes]]. Kahurihurihi, nag-iba siya nin solo sa &quot;Dito Ba?&quot;, an inot na tinokdang kanta ni Ledesma.

=== 1980s ===
Kan 1980s, si Ledesma naggibo nin mga konsyertong solo sa [[Sentrong Pangkultura kan Filipinas|Cultural Center of the Philippines]] (CCP), an [[Araneta Coliseum]], PIQC asin an Philippine Folk Arts Theater.

Kan 1982, si Ledesma naglansar nin sarong konsyertong pan-''Filipino'', 'Ako ay Pilipino' (&quot;Saro akong Filipino&quot;) sa Cultural Center of the Philippines na itinampok an repertoire kan mga tanog etniko, classical kundimans asin pop kanta, pagtukoy sa mayamang node kan arteng katutubo asin kontemporaryong musika na nagbubunga nin alternatibong dolok sa mga rawit. saiyang eksito nagin sarong espesyal sa telebisyon na sinundan nin duwang album. an tulos ini nin saro pang produksyon sa [[Sentrong Pangkultura kan Filipinas|CCP]], 'Inpired Madness' kan 1983, na namukna bilang pakikipagtabangan kan direktor sa pelikula kan Filipinas na si Peque Gallaga asin direktor musikal na si Ryan Cayabyab.

Kan politikal na pamimo kan mga 1980, si Ledesma nagbayad nin tributo ki [[Benigno Aquino, Jr.|Ninoy Aquino]] sa katapusan kan saro sa saiyang eksistensiya sa Cultural Center of the Philippines paagi nin pagkanta nin [[cappella]] rendition kan &quot;Imposibleng Pangarap&quot; asin &quot;Dai Ka Noarin man Maglakaw Pa Sana (Hindi Kapagisa) &quot;. Poon 1984 sagkod 1986, si Ledesma nag'ayon sa APO Hiking Society sa 'Ang Pinoy Nga Naman (1, 2, asin 3)' duman sa Folk Arts Theater.

Hunyo 3, 1988, si Ledesma na ginibo sa musikal na KUH kan Taon sa prestihiyosong Carnegie Hall sa New York.

Marso 1989, matapos makipagtusay sa ibang sikat na mga parakanta, si Ledesma napiling magrepresentar kan Asya sa Salem Music Awards sa [[Royal Albert Hall]] sa London. 

=== 1990s ===
Kan 1991, inako ni Ledesma an imbitasyon na magin miembro kan grupo nin mga huwes durante kan magayon na pahina sa [[Miss Universe]] sa [[Las Vegas, Nevada|Las Vegas]].

Nagkaigwa nin serye si Ledesma nin mga konsyerto sa mga artistang dayuhan arog kan Noel Pointer, Jack Jones, Kenny Rankin, The Platters asin Michel Legrand na sinundan kan iba pang kontekso sa popular na mga pintor na Pilipino siring kan [[Regine Velasquez]] (U.S. tour, 1999), [[Pops Fernandez]] asin Jaya (''Power of Two'', 1999). Pagkatapos kan konsyerto ni Ledesma sa jazz violinist na si Noel Pointer, siya nagpaluwas kan album, The Voice, The Violin. Ledesma saro man sa mga huwes kan banggi nin koronasyon kan Miss Universe 1991. Pebrero 1994, si Ledesma nagkaigwa kan 'Ikaduwang Puso' na konsyerto sa balladeer Jack Jones. Ikan kapanahonan ni Valentine kaidtong 1995, ginibo nia iyan ki Kenny Rankin. Ledesma nagpoon kan bagong milenyo sa sarong Valentine show kaiba an The Platters. Kan 2002, si Ledesma nagkaigwang presentasyon ki Michel Legrand.

Ledesma may sadiring production company Headline Concepts asin nagtugdok nin mga concert province arog kan Music Museum (sarong pinagsarong teatro-restustrant na itinogdok kan 1988 sa Greenhills komersyal, [[San Juan, Metro Manila]]); asin Republika kan Malate sa Manila, sarong pasilidad na yaon sa gilid kan Kalye Mabini sa Manila, na naghaharong nin restawran, bar, dance club asin teatro, an Republika nin Malate naraot nin kasulo kan Nobyembre 2001.

Ledesma igwang regular na bulanan na espesyal sa telebisyon na inapod ''Akuhstic Café'' na sarong tradisyunal na musikal na nag-aatubang nin mga paradalan kan urban bangging buhay sa Metro Manila paagi nin pagbisita sa mga club, lohitud asin konsyerto. ''Akuhstic Café'' sarong marahayon na pinalista sa Asian Television Awards sa Singapore para sa pinakamabentang programa kan musika.

Kan Abril 1997, si Ledesma nagin tampok na artista kan 'Muling Aawit ang Pasig', sarong kapakipakinabang na konsyerto kan dating First Lady Ming Ramos para sa rehabilitar kan Salog nin Pasig.

Kan 1998, an sentenyal na taon kan Philippine Independence, matapos makagibo nin sarong konsyerto sa Valentine duman sa Fort Santiago, Manila, si Ledesma pinagsugo kan National Centennial Commission tanganing magbungsod nin tolong-kaduwang sentir kontinger kan taon, Lahi''...''  ''mi ang Pilipino'', na ginibo sa Sentro nin Exposiko sa dating Clark Air Force Base.

=== 2000s ===
Ledesma pigselebrar an saiyang ika-25ng taon sa industriya nin musika paagi nin pagkapot nin serye nin mga padalan sa Bar kan Mandarin Oriental Manila ('Kuh Ledesma Presents').

Kan 2001, nasyonal na eleksyon sa Filipinas, si Ledesma napili kan PINATUBO (Pig-isang Lakas Tungo at Pagbago) Partido bilang enot na nominado para sa kongreso.   nangangaipo nin toltolan] An Partido PINATUBO naghingako na pasohan an pagpagian sa kadukhaan sa Pilipinas paagi sa mga gabot.

Kan 2002, si Ledesma nakipagtabangan ki kompositor [[Michel Legrand]] sa sarong recruck na konsyerto sa Philippine International Convention Center. na taon bago kaiyan, nakipagtabangan sia sa internasyonal na mga pintor na si Noel Pointer, Jack Jones asin Kenny Rankin. 

Kan 2009, nagpasali siya sa sarong tour inaapod na A Love Afair kaiba an saiyang aking babayi na si Isabella pasiring New Zealand kun sain nagkaigwa sya nin seryeng konsyerto sa Auckland, Wellington, Christchurch asin Hamilton.

=== 2010s ===
Kan Disyembre 2011, iniluwas niya an saiyang inot na album nin pagsasamba, ''Fragrance of worship''.

Ledesma ginibo an konsyertong Divas 4 Divas kaiba si [[Regine Velasquez]], Zsa Zsa Padilla asin [[Pops Fernandez]].

Ledesma nagpaluwas kan saiyang album na Memries sa Universal Records kan 2014. Represente niya an saiyang kanta, &quot;I Think I'm in Love&quot; para sa album.

== Diskograpiya ==
=== Mga album ===
==== Mga album na studio ====

*''Kuh'' (1980)
*''Kuh's Magic'' (1981)
*''The Love Songs of Kuh'' (1981)
*''Just You'' (1982)
*''Ako Ay Pilipino'' (1983)
*''I Think I'm in Love''  (1984)
*''Unforgettable''  (1985)
*''Too Marvelous for Words''  (1986)
*''Feeling''  (1987)
*''My First Christmas Album''  (1987)
*''Lihim''  (1989)
*''Ba't Mahihiyang Sabihin''  (1991)
*''Night and Day''  (1992)
*''The Voice and the Violin'' (kasama si Noel Pointer) (1994)
*''Precious''  (1997)
*''Akuhstic''  (1999)
*''Duet with Me''  (2000)
*''Diva2Diva'' (kasama si [[Zsa Zsa Padilla]]) (2003)
*''K''  (2007)
*''Fragrance of Worship''  (2011)
*''Memories''  (2014)

==== Mga album na kompilasyon ====

* ''Greatest Hits Volume 1''
* ''Greatest Hits Volume 2''
*''A Long Long Time Ago'' (1994)
*''Dito Ba''  (1994)
*''The Best of Kuh'' (1996)
*''Till I Met You'' (2006)
*''Ako ay Pilipino 2 CD Special Collectors Edition'' (2006)
*''Silver Series'' (2006)
*''18 Greatest Hits'' (2010)

=== Commercial jingles ===

* Tunay Na Ligaya composed by Ogie Alcasid for NIDO
* One World of Nescafe composed by Louie Ocampo for NESCAFE
* White Lux
* Sa Health Center, Suportado Ka with Isabella for DOH
* Anejo Rhum
* Suntory Japan
* &quot;Pilipino Ako&quot; composed by Cecile Azarcon for Banco Filipino
* &quot;Dalawang Dekada&quot; for GMA 7 News and Public Affair with Freddie Aguilar, Cookie Chua, Jett Pangan and Joey Ayala
* &quot;Panata Sa Bayan&quot; for GMA News and Public Affairs Anthem

=== Solong Kanta ===

* &quot;I Think I'm in Love&quot; (1983) – re-recorded by Kuh Ledesma 30 years later in 2013; also covered by American singer Marie Digby; also covered by Martin Nievera in 2006.
* &quot;Ako Ay Pilipino&quot; (1982)
* &quot;Bayan Ko&quot; (1981) – original by Freddie Aguilar
* &quot;Dito Ba?&quot; (1982) – also covered by Mitoy Yonting
* &quot;Till I Met You&quot; (1984) – also covered by Kyla, Angeline Quinto, Regine Velasquez-Alcasid,

== Telebisyon asin pelikula ==

=== Telebisyon ===
Ledesma nagsadiring magmukna nin magkapira sa sadiri niyang mga espesyal sa TV kabali na diyan an programang award-winning, Kuh by Special Argarement. Man siyang kaapil sa Sunday variety show na ''ASAP Mania''.

Nagganap siya sa saiyang pinakainot na TV soap, ''[[Bituin]]'' sa ABS-CBN na nagmimisyon kan Setyembre 2002 asin nagluwas ngapit sa Endless Love sa GMA Network kan Hunyo 2010. 2013, nagluwas siya sa Lover kan Sakong Agom na si Elaine Soriano. Reresnsa man siya nin &quot;One More Try&quot; para sa serye (na pigdistribuwer ni Cecil Azazon).

Marso 1990, si Ledesma nagluwas bilang bisitang paragibong-arte sa sarong padalan sa telebisyon ni Gilbert Becaud sa Paris kun sain nagkanta siya nin &quot;Bulak lanak&quot; (&quot;An Parababawa&quot;) sa tolong tataramon (Filipino, Ingles asin Pranses). Hulyo 19''90'', siya an representante-parabareta kan Filipinas sa internasyonal na telebisyon espesyal, Earth 90 sa Tokyo, Hapon. daga ''90'' sarong pasale na nagselebrar kan importansia nin palibot asin durungan na ilinaag sa mga 80 nasyon.

==== '''Mga magayon na hitsura sa telebisyon''' ====
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!Taon
!Titulo
!Papel
!
|-
|-
|2002–2003
|''[[:en:Bituin|Bituin]]''
|Lyrica Luna
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[ABS-CBN]]
|-
|2003–2010
|''[[:en:ASAP_(variety_show)|ASAP]]''
|Saiyang sadiri/Performer
|-
|2010
|''[[:en:Endless_Love_(Philippine_TV_series)|Endless Love]]''
|Carina Tantoco
| rowspan=&quot;8&quot; |[[GMA Network|Network]]
|-
|2013
|''[[:en:My_Husband's_Lover|My Husband's Lover]]''
|Elaine Soriano
|-
|2013
|''[[:en:Sunday_All_Stars|Sunday All Stars]]''
|Guest judge
|-
|2013–2014
|''[[:en:The_Ryzza_Mae_Show|The Ryzza Mae Show]]''
|Herself/guest with daughter Isabella Gonzalez
|-
|2014
|''[[:en:My_Destiny_(Philippine_TV_series)|My Destiny]]''
|Selena Andrada
|-
|2015
|''[[:en:To_the_Top_(TV_series)|To the Top]]''
|Guest Judge
|-
|2015
|''[[:en:Because_of_You_(TV_series)|Because of You]]''
|Charina Santiago
|-
|2016
|''[[:en:Kalyeserye|Kalyeserye: The Wedding]]''
|Wedding Singer
|}

=== Filmograpiya ===
Ledesma nagluwas na sa mga minasunod na pelikulang tampok kan Filipinas:

* ''[[:en:Oro,_Plata,_Mata|Oro, Plata, Mata]]''
* ''Tinimbang ang Langit''
* ''[[:en:The_Year_of_Living_Dangerously_(film)|The Year of Living Dangerously]]'' (with Mel Gibson)
* ''[[:en:Till_I_Met_You|Till I Met You]]'' (with Robin Padilla)

Si Ledesma napili kan direktor internasyunal na si [[Peter Weir]] tanganing magin sikat sa Tiger Lily sa pelikula, The Year of Living Dangerousy, para magtrabaho kaiba an mga aktor na sinda M[[el Gibson]] asin Sigourney Waver.

=== Pilekula asin telebisyon na isinurat ni Kuh Ledesma ===

* ''Dito Ba'', composed by George Canseco for '''Miss X'''
* ''Minsan Sa Isang Panahon'', composed by Greg Ching for '''Karma''' and '''Tinimbang Ang Langit'''
* ''Brilyanteng Buhangin'', composed by Jun Latonio and Nicanor for '''Kasal'''
* ''Pinulot Ka Lang Sa Lupa'', composed by Gines Tan for '''Pinulot Ka Lang Sa Lupa'''
* ''Nagbabagang Luha'', composed by Gines Tan for '''Nagbabagang Luha'''
* ''Babaeng Hampaslupa'', composed by Gines Tan for '''Babaeng Hampalupa'''
* ''So It's You'', composed by Cecile Azarcon for '''So It's You'''
* ''One More Try'', &lt;small&gt;(new version)&lt;/small&gt; composed by Cecile Azarcon for '''My Husband's Lover'''
* ''Father'', composed by Boom Dayupay for '''Crying Ladies'''
* ''Fordeliza'', composedy by George Canseco for '''Flordeliza'''
* ''Lumakad Ka'', composed by George Canseco for '''Babae'''

=== Theater ===
Ledesma nagperporm sa Rama ''Hari'' asin Kapinigan.

=== Mga Entimento ===
Pagkatapos na magin modelo para sa [[Lux (sabon)|Lux]] soap sa Pilipinas poon 1984 sagkod 1990, si Ledesma nagluwas man sa sarong serye nin mga printing ads asin komersyal sa telebisyon para sa Lix sa Singapore puon 1988 hanggang 1989, asin sa Indonesia kan 1992.

== Mga gawad asin pagbisto ==

=== Mga Paglilinaw sa Rekord ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! colspan=&quot;4&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;background:#FAEB86;&quot; |Record
|-
!Year Awarded
!Work
!Certification
!Ref.
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |1981
|''Dito Ba?''
|2× Platinum
| rowspan=&quot;8&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2018-07-26|title=Biography - Kuh Ledesma|url=https://kuhledesma.net/biography/|access-date=2023-06-25|language=en-US|archive-date=2023-06-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230625034106/https://kuhledesma.net/biography/|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''Kuh''
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Gold
|-
|''Kuh's Magic''
|-
|1984
|''Ako Ay Pilipino''
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2× Platinum
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1985
|''I Think I'm In Love''
|-
|''Unforgettable''
|4× Platinum
|-
|1990
|''Lihim''
|2× Platinum (40,000)
|-
|2000
|''Akuhstic''
|Gold (20,000)
|}
== &lt;span class=&quot;mw-headline&quot; id=&quot;Toltolan&quot;&gt;Toltolan&lt;/span&gt; ==
&lt;references /&gt;{{Tamboan}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Kuverami</title>
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      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
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      <text bytes="1359" sha1="496tyjhhp66yy4upmrbw9yrek91z761" xml:space="preserve">Si '''Kuverami''' (kan ika-4 na siglo), ibang baybay man na '''Kuwerami''',&lt;ref name=&quot;net&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Firsts in Myanmar|url=https://www.myanmars.net/wonders/the-firsts-in-myanmar.html|access-date=2023-07-13|website=www.myanmars.net|language=en-gb|archive-date=2023-07-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230713021617/https://www.myanmars.net/wonders/the-firsts-in-myanmar.html|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt; sarong naghahading reyna kan Vaishali(Vesālī) na ngonian sayod na Waythali([[:en:Waithali|Waithali]]) nin 334–341.&lt;ref name=&quot;vaishali&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LXw9pgWvFxUC&amp;pg=PA49|title=Vaishali and the Indianization of Arakan|last=Singer|first=Noel F.|date=2008|publisher=APH Publishing|isbn=978-81-313-0405-1|pages=49–50|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Siya man pwedeng naging balo kan hadeng si Rimbhiappa, asin sinalidahan pagkagadan kaini. Uyon sa tradisyonal na pagkasaysay kan saiyang pagreynar, saro siyang makusog  na namamahala na nakahali kan mga kaiwal niya sa saiyang kahadian.&lt;ref name=&quot;vaishali&quot;/&gt;

Si Reyna Kuwerami kan Waytharly ([[Waithili]]) an inot na reynang (naghahadi) kan Myanmar.

== Mga Toltolan ==

[[Kategorya:Burmese na babayi]]
[[Kategorya:Ika-apat na siglo na mga babaying reyna]]
[[Kategorya:Mga Naghahading Reyna sa Asya]]
[[Kategorya:Mga Reyna sa Asya]]
[[Kategorya:Mga Reyna kan Burma]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Joni Savaste</title>
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      <text bytes="1490" sha1="n2rtsoqvvro6s2wwhkgt41p4y4y74a2" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person
| name           = Joni Savaste
| image          = 
| image_size     =
| caption        = 
| full_name      = 
| nickname       =
| birth_date     = {{birth date and age|2004|02|22|df=y}}
| birth_place    = 
| height         =
| weight         =
| currentteam    =
| discipline     = [[Mountain biking]]
| role           = 
| ridertype      = 
| amateuryears1  = 
| amateurteam1   = 
| amateuryears2  =
| amateurteam2   =
| proyears1      =
| proteam1       =
| proyears2      =
| proteam2       =
| majorwins      =
| medaltemplates = 
| show-medals    =
}}
Si '''Joni Savaste''' (namundag 22 Pebrero 2004) sarong Finnish na mountain biker.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://olympics.com/en/paris-2024/athlete/joni-savaste_1971702|title=SAVASTE Joni|accessdate=19 September 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; Siya nagbaling kompetisyon sa [[Cycling at the 2024 Summer Olympics – Men's cross-country|men's cross-country]] na event sa [[2024 Summer Olympics]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.xcodata.com/rider/joni-savaste/|title=Joni Savaste|accessdate=19 September 2024}}{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Toltolan==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Savaste, Joni}}
[[Kategorya:Mga Finnish na mga lalaking siklista]]
[[Kategorya:Cross-country mountain bikers]]
[[Kategorya:Mga 2004 na kamundagan]]
[[Kategorya:Mga Buruhay]]
[[Kategorya:Mga O(limpikong si8klista kan Finland]]
[[Kategorya:CMga Siklista sa 2024 Summer Olympics]]


{{Finland-cycling-bio-stub}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Krasue</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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    <revision>
      <id>306735</id>
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      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
      <origin>306735</origin>
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      <text bytes="20071" sha1="3mum60ikxh8kuwjn65rnx7nbutm2rjx" xml:space="preserve">{| class=&quot;infobox&quot;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; id=&quot;8&quot; class=&quot;infobox-image&quot; |[[File:XRF-krasue.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:XRF-krasue.jpg|sentro|daing kwadro]]&lt;div id=&quot;11&quot; class=&quot;infobox-caption&quot;&gt;A 2012 illustration of a krasue&lt;/div&gt;
|- id=&quot;13&quot;
! scope=&quot;row&quot; id=&quot;14&quot; class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; |Grouping
| id=&quot;16&quot; class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[:en:Legendary_creature|Legendary creature]]
|- id=&quot;19&quot;
! scope=&quot;row&quot; id=&quot;20&quot; class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; |Sub grouping
| id=&quot;22&quot; class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[:en:Nocturnality|Nocturnal]], [[:en:Undead|undead]], [[:en:Luminescence|luminescent]]
|- id=&quot;27&quot;
! scope=&quot;row&quot; id=&quot;28&quot; class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; |Other name(s)
| id=&quot;30&quot; class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |&lt;span title=&quot;Thai-language text&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;th&quot;&gt;กระสือ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span title=&quot;Khmer-language text&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;km&quot;&gt;អាប&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; ''Ahp'', ''[[:en:Penanggal|Penanggal]]'', ''Kuyang'', ''Palasik'', ‘’Capculacay’’
|- id=&quot;33&quot;
! scope=&quot;row&quot; id=&quot;34&quot; class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; |Country
| id=&quot;36&quot; class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[:en:Thailand|Thailand]], [[:en:Cambodia|Cambodia]], [[:en:Laos|Laos]], [[:en:Indonesia|Indonesia]], [[:en:Malaysia|Malaysia]], [[:en:Brunei|Brunei]], [[:en:Singapore|Singapore]], [[:en:Philippines|Philippines]], [[:en:Myanmar|Myanmar]], [[:en:Vietnam|Vietnam]]
|- id=&quot;48&quot;
! scope=&quot;row&quot; id=&quot;49&quot; class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; |Region
| id=&quot;51&quot; class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[:en:Southeast_Asia|Southeast Asia]] (except [[:en:East_Timor|East Timor]])
|}
An '''''Krasue'''''  sarong [[Nocturnality|nocturnal]] na babaeng espiritu kan [[Folklore|mga osipon]] kan [[Habagatan-subangan na Asya|Sur-subangan na Asya]] . Minapahiling ini bilang naglalataw, daing hawak na payo nin sarong babae, kadalasan hoben, asin magayon. An  saiyang [[Organo (biyolohiya)|mga panlaog na organo]] nakadukot  asin nakatakod gikan sa saiyang  liog. &lt;ref name=&quot;ผีกระสือ&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Spirits|publisher=Thaiworldview|year=2008|location=Thailand}}&lt;/ref&gt;

An ''Krasue'' kabali sa sarong konstelasyon nin magkaparehong mitolohikong mga entidad sa manlaen-laen na rehiyon kan Sur-subangan na Asya;  gabos na rehiyonal na  uri kan entidad na ini ay igwa nin pagkakapareho bilang sarong daing hawak na payo nin babae na may mga organo asin bituka na nakatakod sa saiyang liog. Kaiba kan ''Krasue'', yaon man an ''Ahp'' sa [[Kambodya|Cambodia]] ; an ''Kasu''  sa [[Laos]] ; an ''Kuyang'' ''ok-Pok'' , o ''[[Leyak]]'' sa [[Indonesya]] ; an ''Ma lai'' sa [[Bietnam|Vietnam]] ; ''[[manananggal]]''  sa [[Filipinas|Pilipinas]] ; ''Pelasik'', ''Pelesit'', ''[[penanggalan]]'' o ''penanggal'' sa [[Indonesya|Indonesia]], [[Malasya|Malaysia]], [[Brunei]] asin [[Singapur|Singapore]] . An osipon [[Hapon|kan mga Hapon]] igwa man nin mga linalang [[Yōkai|na yokai]] na inaapod na ''nukekubi'' asin ''[[rokurokubi]]'' na kapareho kan saindang mga kauri sa Sur-subangan na Asya.

Susog sa [[Ethnography|etnograpo]] na Thai [[Phraya Anuman Rajadhon|na si Phraya Anuman Rajadhon]], mahihiling an ''Krasue na may''  [[Santilmo|will-o'-the-wisp]] o [[luminescent]] nin liwanag. &lt;ref&gt;''Essays on Thai Folklore'', Editions Duang Kamol, {{ISBN|974-210-345-3}}&lt;/ref&gt; An mga paliwanag na pigprobaran manungod sa ginikanan kan liwanag mahale sa presensya kan [[Metano|methane]] sa mga lugar na may mga laboy. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://news.mthai.com/general-news/149342.html|title=Mthai News Reporter|access-date=15 August 2012|archive-date=26 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200326185647/https://news.mthai.com/general-news/149342.html|url-status=}}&lt;/ref&gt; An ''Krasue'' parateng sinasabing nakaistar sa parehong lugar kan ''[[Krahang]]'', sarong lalaking espiritu kan [[Osipon kan Thai|osipon na Thai]].

An espiritung ini naglulupadlupad sa aire, huli ta mayo nin mas hababang hawak. Mahihiling sa manlaen-laen na itsura an saindang halalunan na [[Vertebrate trachea|trachea]] sana o mismong bilog [[Liog|na liog]] . &lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20120913025431/http://img301.imageshack.us/img301/875/vtxtb0x5ol5.jpg Krasue film posters]&lt;/ref&gt; An mga organo sa ibaba kan payo katakod an [[puso]] asin an [[tulak]] na kasinlaba nin bituka, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.oknation.net/blog/home/blog_data/350/4350/images/exit4893.jpg|title=Movie poster|access-date=15 August 2012|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304052241/http://www.oknation.net/blog/home/blog_data/350/4350/images/exit4893.jpg|url-status=}}&lt;/ref&gt; pinapahiling na an bituka simbolo kan pagkasinibaon kan Krausue. Sa pelikulang Thai ''[[Krasue Valentine|na Krasue Valentine]]'', pigrerepresentar an aswang na may mas dakol na panlaog na organo, arog kan [[Baga (anatomiya)|baga]] asin [[Katoy|atay]], alagad mas nabawasan an kadakulaan asin anatomikong proporsyonal kan payo. &lt;ref&gt;[https://archive.today/20150424054749/http://wisekwai.buzznet.com/photos/entertainment/?id=2118674 Krasue representation]&lt;/ref&gt; An mga organong kaini pigrerepresentar minsan na may bagong pahid nin [[dugo]], &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=''Krasue Sao'' book cover |url=http://www.chutbooks.com/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7 |access-date=2013-01-19 |archive-date=2021-09-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210930033610/http://www.chutbooks.com/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7 |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; siring man nagliliwanag. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.samsearn.com/pnev/ev12.jpg|title=Glowing Krasue|access-date=15 August 2012|archive-date=3 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303202316/http://www.samsearn.com/pnev/ev12.jpg|url-status=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sa mga kontemporanyong representasyon an saiyang mga ngipon parateng igwa nin mga matarom na ngipon sa [[Yaksha|yakkha]] o arog kan [[Buringkantada|sa bampira]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.thaifilm.com/imgUpload/reply317321_กระสือสวาท.jpg|title=''Krasue Sawath'' (&quot;กระสือสวาท&quot;), Thai dubbed version of Hong Kong movie &quot;Witch with the Flying Head&quot; film poster|access-date=22 August 2012|archive-date=1 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301051317/http://www.thaifilm.com/imgUpload/reply317321_กระสือสวาท.jpg|url-status=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sa pelikula na ''Ghosts of Guts Eater, may'' [[Halo (religious iconography)|halo]] nakapalibot sa saiyang payo. &lt;ref&gt;[http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-tnFHzZFTKTU/TfUxovZn91I/AAAAAAAAFU0/uophBF74g3M/s1600/guts006.png ''Ghosts of Guts Eater'' scene]&lt;/ref&gt;

An ''Krasue'' naging tema kan nagkapirang pelikula sa rehiyon, kabali ''[[My Mother Is Arb|an My Mother Is Arb]]''. Midbid man sa apod na ''[[Krasue Mom]]'', panatok na pelikula sa Cambodian na igwa nin distinksyon na iyo an pinakaenot na pelikula na ginibo sa [[People's Republic of Kampuchea|Republika kan Banwaan kan Kampuchea]] pagkatapos kan kawaran nin mga lokal na pelikula asin an pan-aapi kan lokal [[Folklore|na osipon]] sa [[Kambodya|Cambodia]] durante kan panahon [[Khmer Rouge|kan Khmer Rouge]] . &lt;ref&gt;[[:Ladawan:Photo-64908-L.png|Konm Eak Madia Arb film poster]]&lt;/ref&gt;

Sa [[Filipinas|Pilipinas]] igwa nin kaparehong multo arog kan [[manananggal]], sarong lokal na espiritu na nag aaswang sa [[Pagbados|mga bados na babae]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;m001&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Political and Cultural History of the Philippines|last=Alip|first=Eufronio Melo|publisher=Alip &amp; Brion Publications|year=1950|location=Philippines|author-link=Eufronio Melo Alip}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;m002&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Creatures of Philippine Lower Mythology|last=Ramos|first=Maximo D.|publisher=Phoenix Publishing|year=1971|isbn=978-971-06-0691-7|location=Philippines|author-link=Maximo D. Ramos}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;m003&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Encyclopedia of Vampire Mythology|last=Bane|first=Theresa|publisher=McFarland &amp; Company, Inc.|year=2010|isbn=978-0-7864-4452-6|location=USA|author-link=Theresa Bane}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mga Alamat ==

=== Kapinunan ===
An katotoohan sa pag-eksister kan ''Krasue sa manlaen-laen na lugar'' sa bilog kan [[Habagatan-subangan na Asya|Sur-subangan na Asya]], asin an ginikanan kaini ay madipisilon beripikaron. Kundi mas nahihileng na gikan ini sa osipon. Sa Thailand, an ''Krasue'' pigtutubodan nin sarong indibidwal na sinumpa (kadalasan babaye) na naggibo nin manlaen-laen na kasalan asin madayang gawe-gawe sa saiyang nakaaging buhay. Pagkagadan niya, nagigin dahelan an saiyang mga kasalan na siya mamundag giraray bilang sarong ''phut'' na nabubuhay sa nasayang, dai pa luto o raot na kakanon. Sa mga nakaaging panahon, an industriya nin aliw sa Thailand pig-fictional an ginikanan ni ''Krasue'' bilang isinumpa gikan sa sarong suanoy na prinsesa kan [[Khmer people|Khmer]], arog kan sa ''[[Demonic Beauty]]'' (2002). An kinidnap na prinsesa kan kahadean nin [[Khmer people|Khmer]] tigloko an saiyang agom (an heneral), para sa sarong suldados. An suldados pinugotan nin payo mantang an prinsesa kan Khmer sinulo sagkod na magadan. Alagad, bago siya nagadan, nag-awit siya nin sarong engkantasyon tanganing protehiran an saiyang mortal na hawak alagad an saiyang payo asin an saiyang mga organo sana an naligtas. Sa paglaladawan na ini, saro sanang pagprobar na magbugtak nin kahalaganan o pag-imbento giraray nin sarong mitolohikong kapinunan sa sarong bistadong isturya kan osipon para sana sa pag-aling-aling asin komersyal na katuyuhan.

Igwa pang ibang oral na tradisyon na nagsasabi na an espiritung ini dating sarong mayaman na babae na may laba nin itom na gasa o laso na nakabugkos sa payo asin liog bilang proteksyon sa liwanag kan saldang. An babaeng ini dangan sinaniban nin sarong maraot na espiritu asin isinumpa na magin sarong Krasue. An iba pang popular na osipon nagsasabi na an ginikanan kan espiritu nagpuon sa sarong babae na naghihingoang makanood [[Black magic|nin itom na mahika]] asin napasala, o naggamit nin salang [[Spell (paranormal)|anting-anting]] kaya nagkasuhay an saiyang payo asin hawak.  Konektado man an [[Buddhist views on sin|mga nakaaging kasalan]] sa pagpasa kan sumpa nin Krasue; an mga babae na nag-abort o naggadan nin sarong tawo sa nakaaging buhay magigin sarong Krasue bilang padusa. An ibang mga osipon nagsasabi na may sarong tawong sinumpa magin Krasue kan kinakan asin ininom niya an kontaminado nin [[laway]] o laman kan krasue. An popular na imahinasyon nagsasabi man na an pagbabago tanganing magin Krasue kadaklan limitado sana sa mga paryentes kan mga babaeng naggigibo [[Witchcraft|nin pangkukulam na]] ''&quot;Mae Mot&quot;'' (แม่มด) o ''&quot;Yai Mot&quot;'' (ยายมด), arog kan saindang mga aking babae o makoapo. Kadalasan an mga babae na kakaiba an hiro sa sarong komunidad an pigdududahan na nagigin Krasue barubanggi kan ibang mga miyembro kan baryo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Yeay Duol |url=http://loy9.com/en/yeaydul/ |access-date=2025-02-11 |archive-date=2017-12-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201030607/http://loy9.com/en/yeaydul/ |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Osipon kan Cambodia ===
An អាប (Ahp/Aap), gikan sa tataramon [[Sanskrito|na Sanskrit]] आप्यति (āpyati, 'pagpasakit sa siisay man'), &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.spokensanskrit.org/index.php?mode=3&amp;tran_input=आप्यति&amp;script=hk&amp;anz=100&amp;direct=se|title=Sanskrit Dictionary for Spoken Sanskrit}}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{wiktionary-inline|អាប}}&lt;/ref&gt; sa osipon kan Cambodia iyo an sarong babae na kabangang espiritu asin kabangang mortal. Kapag aldaw, garo sinda normal na mga tawo alagad pag banggi sinda nag-hahale, asin binabayaan an saindang mortal na hawak dara sana an saindang payo pati na an saindang mga organong nag-aagrangay maghanap nin kakanon. Pigtutubodan  sinda na nagkakakan nin mga bagay na mabata; dugo, hilaw na karne, mga hayop sa oma kan mga tagabaryo, mga bangkay, mga ati, mga plasenta, mga omboy, asin iba pa. An saindang mga kaluyahan iyo an mga tunok asin mga ayam na bantay.

An mga Ahp an mga bruha na dai nakagibo nin mapuersang itom na mahika, an nagin dahelan kan pag-atras asin pagsumpa pabalik sa saindang mga sadiri. An iba nagtutubod na an mga Ahp iyo an paragibo nin itom na mahika, asin nag-uutang nin kapangyarihan kan sarong demonyo (maraot na espiritu) sa paagi nin pagpasanib sa saindang hawak pag banggi bilang karibay.  Kaipuhan kan mga Ahp na ipasa an saindang sumpa sa ibang babae tanganing makalaog sa siklo nin reenkarnasyon; pwede an saindang aking babae, makoapo, paryentes o arin man na ibang babae na yaon sa saindang pagkababae na naggigibo man nin pangkukulam alagad an iba nagtutubod na pwede ining ipasa sa paagi kan pagbalyo nin pluwido sa hawak sa arin man na babae, sa paagi kan pandadaya. An mga bruha man sa [[Tataramon na Khmer|khmer]] inaapod na ''mae thmob'' (ម៉ែធ្មប់ 'inang bruha') o ''yeay thmob'' (យាយធ្មប់ 'lolang bruha'). &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.sealang.net/monkhmer/database/retrieve.pl?ref=Hea1997&amp;language=Khmer&amp;dialect=&amp;sort=gloss&amp;format=html|title=Mon-Khmer Languages Database}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tanganing maprotehiran an mga bados asin an saindang mga aki na dai mabiktima, nagbubugtak an saindang mga paryentes nin mga matunok na  sanga sa palibot kan harong bilang pang kudal. An improvised na tunok kan kudal an nagdidisganar sa Ahp na magrani para magsupsop kan dugo asin magcausa nin iba pang pagsakit sa bados na babae. Pakapangaki, kaipuhan na darahon kan mga paryentes kan babae an pinutol na plasenta sa harayo tanganing ilubong asin itago ini sa mga Ahp. Kun an plasenta nalubong nin hararom, dai ini makukua kan espiritu. Pigtutubodan na dakulaong kalamidad an dadarahon kan aki asin kan pamilya kaini kun makakakan kan sarong Ahp an plasenta kan ina. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.budinst.gov.kh/?q=node/180|title=វិធីសម្រាលកូន|access-date=12 October 2008|publisher=Buddhist Institute}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Osipon kan Thai ===
Nasa irarom nin sarong [[Curse|sumpa]] an Krasue na nagpapagutom saiya asin rason sa pagkapirming aktibo sa banggi tanganing matapalan an saiya ning kagutuman, asin maghanap nin dugo o hilaw na karne para lamunon. Kaya kaini mag atake sa baka o manok sa diklom, para inomon an saindang dugo asin kakanon an saindang mga panlaog na organo. &lt;ref&gt;[http://taliesinttlg.blogspot.com/2011/06/honourable-mention-ghost-and-master-boh.html Honourable Mention: The Ghost and Master Boh]&lt;/ref&gt; Pwede man ining magbiktima nin mga pidaso nin baka, arog kan [[Water buffalo|mga karabaw]] na nagadan sa ibang mga dahelan sa banggi. Kun mayong dugong mahanap an Krasue kaya kani magkakan [[Udo|nin mga ati]] o [[Carrion|bangkay]]. &lt;ref name=&quot;blogspot1&quot;&gt;[http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_lkyLYGrOd5U/TDnIzUEtWII/AAAAAAAAABU/3Dixe_s_Ins/s400/กระสือ3.bmp Krasue feeding]&lt;/ref&gt; An mga nawalat na mga bado sa luwas, makukua na nin maati, may bahid kan dugo  asin udo pagkaaga na tighuhuna na hale sa pagpunas niya kan saiyang nguso. Kaya, an mga tagabaryo dai nagwawalat nin mga pinapamarang bado sa luwas kapag oras na nin banggi.

An Krasue an nagtatago kan saiyang daing payo na hawak sa sarong toninong na lugar huli ta kaipuhan kaining makisumaro bago mag-aga, &lt;ref&gt;[http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_lkyLYGrOd5U/TDnDAU-RklI/AAAAAAAAABM/jFO3SYlj3Dg/s400/กระสือ2.bmp Krasue emerging from its body]&lt;/ref&gt; nabubuhay na garo sana sarong normal na tawo sa aldaw, dawa puyat puyat an itsura. &lt;ref&gt;[http://kkaiki0710.cocolog-nifty.com/blog/2012/03/post-9b42.html Fullmoon Devil]&lt;/ref&gt; An pagrumpag sa daing payo na hawak kan krasue an delikado sainda. An naglalayog na payo mabalik pagkatapos na mag-ayam alagad kapag nakisumaro sa salang hawak an magdadara kaini sa pagsakit sagkod sa kagadanan. Kun an itaas na parte kan hawak dae mahanap an saiyang ibabang kabanga bago mag-aga, magagadan ini sa matinding kulog. An Krasue magagadan man kun an saiyang mga bituka maputol o kun an saiyang hawak mawara o itago kan iba. An ibang mga pagtubod kan mga tawo nagtutubod na an linalang pwedeng gadanon sa paagi nin pagsulo kaini. An mga primerong kaiwal kan mga Krasue iyo an mga grupo nin mga anggot na tagabaryo na may darang [[Torch|mga sulo]] asin [[Machete|mga sundang]]. Pwede nindang madakop an Krasue asin gadanon ini o hilingon kun saen siya maduman bago mag-aga asin raoton an saiyang hawak.

Igwa nin sarong osipon na nagsasabi na dapat maging alerto an mga may lugad na tawo sa Krasue huli ta nakakaparong ini nin dugo asin maabot pagbanggi para kakanon ini habang nagtuturog an tawo. Alagad, igwa nin mga paagi tanganing maibitaran an mga Krasue na makalaog sa laog kan harong. An mga kagsadiri nin harong parati naggigibo nin mga matarom na kudal o nagtatanom nin matarom na kawayan tanganing maprotehiran an saindang mga sadiri sa mga Krasue. An Krasue natatakot sa mga bagay na may mga tusok huli ta natatakot ining maipit an saiyang mga bituka asin dai ini makakadulag. &lt;ref&gt;3. tumnandd. ผีกระสือ นักล่ายามรัตติกาล. tamnandd.com. [Online] 2010.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Mga reperensya ni Krasue sa kulturang Thai ===
&lt;gallery&gt;
Ladawan:Luminescent mushroom.jpg|An nagliliwanag na uhong sa probinsya nin Khonkaen inaapod na &quot;Krasue Mushroom&quot;.
&lt;/gallery&gt;Igwa nin impormasyon gikan sa The Royal Academy na nagtatao nin mga halimbawa kun pano an pagtubod sa Krasue nahihiling sa kulturang Thai sa laog nin mga siglo, halimbawa:

# An sarong abnormal na sadit na saging (kawsa nin sarong mutasyon) sinasabing kinakakan nin sarong Krasue.
# An sarong tawong paslo na marikas an pagkakan parati na sinasabing &quot;nagkakakan arog kan sarong Krasue&quot; o &quot;kapareho ka-paslo ni Krasue&quot;.
# An nagliliwanag na uhong sa [[Khon Kaen Province|Probinsya nin Khon Kaen]] inaapod na &quot;Krasue Mushroom&quot;. &lt;ref&gt;2. Siamsouth. เห็ดกระสือ หรือ เห็ดเรืองแสง ควบคุมไส้เดือนฝอยรากปมในมะเขือเทศ. siamsouth.com. [Online] 2008.&lt;/ref&gt;
# Sa [[Chonburi Province|Probinsya nin Chonburi]], igwa nin sarong baryo na an pangaran &quot;Nong Krasue&quot; (Krasue marsh). Ngonyan, binago na an pangaran sa &quot;Nong Krasaem&quot; (Happiness marsh) tanganing dai na gayong makatakot. &lt;ref name=&quot;Jan&quot;&gt;1. Janputt, Pitchayatun. Nong Krasue. [interv.] Sorayutt Sututsanajinda. 21 January 2013.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Siyentipikong paliwanag ==
An posibleng siyentipikong paliwanag sa mga nahihiling na Krasue iyo an kawsa hale sa naglalaad na laad gikan sa mga partikulo nin gas na methane na pinaluwas hale sa mga raot na organikong bagay na makukua sa mga oma asin tanuman, kun saen pirming ibinabareta an mga nahihiling na Krasue. Alagad, susog ki Associate Professor Dr. Sirintornthep Towprayoon, sarong parasiyasat sa enerhiya hale sa [[King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi|University of Technology Thonburi ni King Mongkut]], an hipotesis na an Krasue talagang nagsusulo nin mga partikulo nin gas na methane imposible huli ta kulang an methane na pigbubuga kan mga nabulok na organikong bagay tanganing makagibo nin kalayo, asin dawa kun an partikulo nin methane nasulo,  makukulong an sulo sa ibabaw kan organiko, o madaling masulo na bagay asin dai mabunga nin naglalataw na mga laad na soboot nagtatao nin ilusyon kan Krasue.

Kun an payo hinahale sa tunay na hawak nin tawo, an ibang mga organo arog kan bituka, puso, asin pulmon dai mahale kaiba kan payo. &lt;ref name=&quot;ยูทูป2&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=บางอ้อ : ท้าพิสูจน์ตำนานกระสือ|website=บางอ้อ|url=http://video.sanook.com/player/398603/|language=th|date=17 June 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hilingon man ==

* [[:en:Dullahan|Dullahan]]
* [[:en:Onryō|Onryō]]
* [[:en:Hungry_ghost|Hungry ghost]]
* [[:en:Leyak|Leyak]]
* [[:en:Langsuyar|Langsuyar]]
* [[:en:Rokurokubi#Rokurokubi_whose_heads_come_off_(nukekubi)|Nukekubi]]
* [[:en:Manananggal|Manananggal]] (Philippine mythology)
* [[:en:Penanggalan|Penanggalan]] (Malay culture)
* [[:en:Thai_folklore|Thai folklore]]
* [[:en:Vengeful_ghost|Vengeful ghost]]

== Toltolan ==
&lt;references /&gt;
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      <comment>Replacing The_Love_Potion.jpg with [[File:Evelyn_De_Morgan_-_The_Love_Potion_(1903)_-_Google_Cultural_Institute.jpg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR2|Criterion 2]] (meaningless or ambigu</comment>
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      <text bytes="20261" sha1="rbbm5f2q9lqxeflpufdfs0kk9l6klgs" xml:space="preserve">[[Ladawan:Witches'Familiars1579.jpg|thumb|Sarong ilustrasyon sa Ingles kan huring parte kan ika-16 na siglo nin sarong bruha na nagpapakakan sa saiyang mga pamilyar]]
Sa mga osipon kan Europa kan mga panahon nin edad media asin amay na modernong panahon, '''an mga pamilyar''' (estriktong '''pamilyar na mga espiritu''', bilang &quot;pamilyar&quot; nangangahulugan man na &quot;haraning katood&quot; o kaibaiba, asin pwedeng mahiling sa siyentipikong pangaran para sa [[ayam]], ''Canis familiaris'' ) pigtutubodan na mga supernatural na entidad, interdimensyonal na mga linalang, o espirituwal na mga bantay o mga salamangkero na maprotehir asin matabang sa saindang mga tuso sa paggibo nin mga salamangkero, panghuhula, asin espirituwal na pakarorop.  Susog sa mga rekord kan panahon na idto, an mga nag-aalegar na nagkaigwa nin pakikipag-ulay sa mga pamilyar na espiritu nagbareta na sinda pwedeng magpahiling bilang kadakol na porma, parati bilang sarong hayop, alagad minsan bilang sarong tawo o humanoid na pigura, asin ilinadawan bilang &quot;malinaw na tinawan nin kahulugan, tolong-dimensyonal... na mga porma, buhay na buhay sa kolor asin may buhay na may hiro asin tanog&quot;, na kontra sa mga paglaladawan kan [[Multo|mga multo]] na may &quot;myo, [dai] tinawan nin kahulugan&quot; na mga porma&quot;. 

Kun sinda nagseserbi sa mga bruha, sinda parateng pighuhuna na [[Maraot|mga maraot an boot]], alagad kun sinda nagtatrabaho para sa mga tusong tawo, sinda parateng pigkokonsiderar [[Marhay|na mga maboot]] (dawa ngani igwa nin nagkapirang ambiguity sa parehong kaso). An mga enot parateng pigkakategorya bilang [[Demonyo|mga demonyo]], mantang an mga huri mas komun na iniisip asin ilinaladawan bilang mga engkanto . An mayor na katuyuhan kan mga pamilyar iyo an maglingkod sa bruha, na nagtatao nin proteksyon para sa sainda mantang sinda nag-aabot sa saindang bagong mga kapangyarihan. 

Poon kan ika-20 siglo an nagkapirang paragibo nin mahika, kaiba an mga parasunod kan neopagan na relihiyon na Wicca, naggagamit kan konsepto nin mga pamilyar, huli sa saindang asosasyon sa mga lumang porma nin mahika. An mga kontemporanyong parapraktis na ini naggagamit nin mga ataman na hayop o layas na hayop, o nagtutubod na an mga dai nahihiling na bersyon nin mga pamilyar nagseserbing mga mahiwason na katabang. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Animal Familiars for Beginners|last=Chauran|first=Alexandra|publisher=Jupiter Gardens Press|year=2013|isbn=978-1938257667}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mga Kahulugan ==
[[Ladawan:Histoires_prodigieuses;_Histoire_d'un_prestre..._WMS_136_Wellcome_L0025557.jpg|thumb| Sarong istorya nin &quot;sarong padi na sa laog nin 40 taon naggamit nin pamilyar na espiritu&quot;, na pig-ilustrar sa kopya ni Elizabeth I kan Inglaterra kan ''Histoires Prodigieuses'' ni Pierre Boaistuau]]
Si Pierre A. Riffard an nagproponer kan kahulugan asin mga kotasyon na ini 
 {{blockquote|A familiar spirit – ([[alter ego]], [[doppelgänger]], personal demon, personal [[totem]], spirit companion) is the double, the alter ego, of an individual. It does not look like the individual concerned. Even though it may have an independent life of its own, it remains closely linked to the individual. The familiar spirit can be an animal (animal companion).}}
An Pranses na pararawitdawit na si Charles Baudelaire, sarong para-akit nin pusa, nagtutubod sa pamilyar na mga espiritu. 
 {{blockquote|It is the familiar spirit of the place;
It judges, presides, inspires
Everything in its empire;
It is perhaps a fairy or a god?
When my eyes, drawn like a magnet
To this cat that I love...}}
Si AP Elkin nag-adal kan pagtubod sa mga pamilyar na espiritu sa mga tawong Australianong Aborigine :
 {{blockquote|A usual method, or explanation, is that the medicine man sends his familiar spirit (his assistant totem, spirit-dog, spirit-child or whatever the form may be) to gather the information. While this is occurring, the man himself is in a state of receptivity, in sleep or trance. In modern phraseology [spiritism], his familiar spirit would be the control [control spirit].&lt;ref&gt;[[A. P. Elkin]], ''Aboriginal men of high degree. Initiation and Sorcery in the World's Oldest Tradition'', 1945, 48. A spiritist medium allegedly loses consciousness and passes under control of some external force (called a &quot;control spirit&quot;), for the supposed transmission of communications from the dead, or messages for an individual or a group.&lt;/ref&gt;}}
Mircea Eliade :
 {{blockquote|The Goldi [Nanai people in Siberia] clearly distinguish between the tutelary spirit (''ayami''), which chooses the shaman, and the helping spirits (''syven''), which are subordinate to it and are granted to the shaman by the ''ayami'' itself. According to Sternberg the Goldi explain the relations between the shaman and his ''ayami'' by a complex sexual emotion. Here is the report of a Goldi shaman.

&quot;Once I was asleep on my sick-bed, when a spirit approached me. It was a very beautiful woman. Her figure was very slight, she was no more than half an arshin (71 cm) tall. Her face and attire were quite as those of one of our Gold women... She said: 'I am the ''ayami'' of your ancestors, the Shamans. I taught them shamaning. Now I am going to teach you... I love you, I have no husband now, you will be my husband and I shall be a wife unto you. I shall give you assistant spirits. You are to heal with their aid, and I shall teach and help you myself...' Sometimes she comes under the aspect of an old woman, and sometimes under that of a wolf, so she is terrible to look at. Sometimes she comes as a winged tiger... She has given me three assistants—the ''jarga'' (the panther), the ''doonto'' (the bear) and the ''amba'' (the tiger). They come to me in my dreams, and appear whenever I summon them while shamaning. If one of them refuses to come, the ''ayami'' makes them obey, but, they say, there are some who do not obey even the ''ayami''. When I am shamaning, the ''ayami'' and the assistant spirits are possessing me; whether big or small, they penetrate me, as smoke or vapour would. When the ''ayami'' is within me, it is she who speaks through my mouth, and she does everything herself.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;[[Mircea Eliade]], ''Shamanism. Archaic Techniques of Ecstasy'' (1968), Princeton University Press, 2004, 72, quoting Leo Sternberg, ''Divine Election in Primitive Religion'', Congrès International des Américanistes,1924, 476 ff.&lt;/ref&gt;}}

== Mga Deskripsyon ==
Sa mga inaakusaran na mga bruha asin mga tusong tawo na nagladawan kan saindang pamilyar na mga espiritu, igwa nin mga komun na nagkakasararong mga tampok. An historyador na si Emma Wilby nagsabi kun pano an mga istorya kan siring na mga pamilyar nakakabigla huli sa saindang &quot;ordinaridad&quot; asin &quot;naturalismo&quot;, sa ibong kan bagay na sinda nakikipag-olay sa [[Sobrenatural|mga supernatural]] na entidad. 

An mga pamilyar na espiritu iyo an pinakaparateng saradit na hayop, arog kan mga pusa, daga, ayam, ferret, gamgam, palaka, langaw, asin liebre. Igwa man nin mga kaso nin mga tambubo asin alibangbang, siring man nin mga orig, karnero, asin kabayo. An mga pamilyar na espiritu parateng itinatago sa mga kaldero o basket na may linya nin lana nin karnero asin pinapakakan nin manlaen-laen na bagay kabali an, gatas, tinapay, karne, asin dugo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Malevolent Nurture|last=Willis|first=Deborah|publisher=Cornell University Press|year=1995|location=New York|pages=32, 52}}&lt;/ref&gt;

An mga pamilyar na espiritu parati igwa nin mga pangaran asin &quot;parateng tinatawan nin mga bansag na simple, asin parating mamomoton.&quot;  Sarong halimbawa kaini iyo si Tom Reid, na pamilyar kan tusong babae asin inakusaran na bruha na si Bessie Dunlop, mantang an ibang halimbawa kabali si Grizell asin Gridigut, na pamilyar kan ika-17 siglong bruha kan Huntingdonshire na si Jane Wallis. 

An agathion sarong pamilyar na espiritu na minalataw sa porma nin sarong tawo o sarong hayop, o dawa sa laog nin sarong [[anting-anting]], bote, o singsing na mahika. Pinakamakusog ini sa udto. &lt;ref name=&quot;Bane&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=njDRfG6YVb8C&amp;pg=PA21|title=Encyclopedia of Demons in World Religions and Cultures|last=Bane, Theresa.|publisher=McFarland|year=2012|isbn=978-0-7864-8894-0|location=Jefferson|page=21}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;The material near this tag may lack sufficient context. (September 2021)&quot;&gt;nangangaipo nin konteksto&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

== Relasyon sa mga salamangkero ==
[[Ladawan:Matthewhopkins.png|thumb| Frontispice gikan sa paraayam nin mga bruha na si Matthew Hopkins ' ''The Discovery of Witches'' (1647), na nagpapahiling nin mga bruha na namimidbid an saindang pamilyar na mga espiritu]]
Gamit an saiyang mga pag-aadal sa papel kan pangkukulam asin mahika sa Britanya durante kan Amay na Modernong panahon bilang sarong punto nin pagpoon, an historyador na si Emma Wilby nagsiyasat kan relasyon na an pamilyar na mga espiritu soboot igwa sa mga bruha asin mga tuso sa panahon na ini.

=== Pagtiripon ===
Sa mga istorya kan mga Briton gikan sa amay na modernong panahon, igwa nin tolong mayor na klase nin naratibo nin engkwentro na may relasyon sa kun pano an sarong bruha o tusong tawo enot na nakamidbid sa saindang pamilyar. An enot sa mga ini iyo na an espiritu kusang naglataw sa atubangan kan indibiduwal mantang sinda naggigibo kan saindang pan-aroaldaw na mga aktibidad, magsalang sa saindang harong o sa luwas sa sarong lugar. An manlaen-laen na halimbawa para kaini pinatunayan sa mga pinagkukuanan kan panahon, halimbawa, si Joan Prentice gikan sa Essex, Inglaterra, nagtao nin sarong istorya kan siya inusisa huli sa pangkukulam kan 1589 na naghihingako na siya &quot;solo sa saiyang kwarto, asin nagtutukaw sa sarong hababang tukawan na nag-aandam kan saiyang sadiri sa pagturog&quot; kan an saiyang pamilyar enot na nagpahiling saiya, mantang an Cornish na tuso na si Jeffries na si Jeffries nagsaysay kan 1585 an saiya enot na nagluwas saiya kan siya &quot;nagniniting sa sarong arbor sa samong hardin&quot;. 

An ikaduwang paagi na an pamilyar na espiritu parateng minalataw sa mga paragibo nin mahika sa Britania iyo na iyan itatao sa sarong tawo nin dati nang nag-eeksister na indibiduwal, na kun beses miembro nin pamilya asin kun beses mas makapangyarihan na espiritu. Halimbawa, an soboot bruha na si Margaret Ley gikan sa Liverpool naghingako, kan 1667, na tinawan siya kan saiyang pamilyar na espiritu kan saiyang ina kan siya magadan, mantang an tusong babae kan Leicestershire na si Joan Willimot nag-istorya, kan 1618, na an sarong misteryosong pigura na inaapod sana niyang &quot;kagurangnan&quot;, &quot;nagmamawot na buksan niya an saiyang nguso asin ihuyop sa saiyang sarong fairy an saiyang karahayan. Asin na siya nagbukas kan saiyang nguso, asin na tolos-tolos pagkatapos na maghuyop, nagluwas sa saiyang nguso an sarong espiritu na nagtindog sa daga sa porma asin porma nin sarong babae.&quot; 

Sa nagkapirang istorya, an tusong tawo o bruha nakakaeksperyensya nin kadepisilan bago an paglataw kan pamilyar, na nag-alok na tabangan sinda. Siring sa sinabi kan historyador na si Emma Wilby, &quot;an saindang mga problema... sa pangenot nakagamot sa pakikipaglaban para sa pisikal na kaligtasan—an kakulangan nin kakanon o kuwarta, pagkagadan, helang, pagkawara nin kabuhayan asin iba pa&quot;, asin an pamilyar nagtao sainda nin paagi na makaluwas digdi sa paagi nin pagtao sainda nin mahiwason na kapangyarihan. 

=== Nagtatrabaho ===
Sa nagkapirang kaso, an paragibo nin mahika dangan nakipagkasunduan o nakipagtipan sa saindang pamilyar na espiritu. An lawig kan panahon na an bruha o tusong tawo nagtatrabaho kaiba an saindang pamilyar na espiritu nag-iiba-iba sa pag-oltanan nin pirang semana sagkod sa nagkapirang dekada.  Sa kadaklan na kaso, an paragibo nin mahika nag-aagyat kan saindang pamilyar na espiritu kun kaipuhan ninda an saindang tabang, dawa ngani igwa nin manlaen-laen na paagi na ginibo ninda ini: an bruha kan Essex na si Joan Cunny naghingako, kan 1589, na kaipuhan niyang magluhod sa laog nin sarong sirkulo asin mamibi ki [[Satanas]] para sa saiyang pamilyar na maglataw mantang an Wiltshire na tusong babae na ilinadawan ni Anne Boden, kan 1535 mga pamilyar sa paagi nin mga paagi na nanodan sa mga libro. Sa nagkapirang mas pambihirang mga kaso igwa nin mga istorya kun saen an mga pamilyar minalataw sa mga panahon na sinda dai gusto asin dai inaapod, halimbawa an bruha kan Huntingdonshire na si Elizabeth Chandler nagsabi, kan 1646, na dai niya makontrol kun an saiyang duwang pamilyar, na an pangaran Beelzebub asin Trullibub, minalataw saiya, asin namibi para sa sarong diyos na &quot;iligtas siya duman&quot;.  Pigtutubodan man na an mga pamilyar &quot;nakakatabang sa pag-diagnose kan mga helang asin kan mga pinagkukuanan nin pan-engkanto asin ginagamit sa paghula asin paghanap nin mga nawawarang bagay asin kayamanan. An mga salamangkero pig-eenkantar sinda sa mga ritwal, dangan pigkukulong sinda sa mga bote, singsing asin mga gapo. Kun minsan ipinapabakal ninda ini bilang mga anting-anting, na sinasabing an mga espiritu masiguro na an mga espiritu masiguro sa pagsugal, sa negosyo, o ano man na pagkamoot sa mga parokyano. An klaseng ini nin pamilyar sa teknikal bakong ilegal; An Witchcraft Act 1603 kan Inglaterra nagbabawal sana sa mga maraot asin maraot na espiritu&quot;. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/education/resources/early-modern-witch-trials/an-act-against-witchcraft/|title=An Act Against Witchcraft|date=1604|publisher=The UK National Archives|access-date=29 October 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Mga Tipo ===
An mga pamilyar pinaka-komon sa mitolohiya kan sulnupan na Europa, na an nagkapirang iskolar nagtutulod na an mga pamilyar yaon sana sa mga tradisyon kan Gran Britanya asin Pransya. Sa mga lugar na ini, tolong kategorya nin mga pamilyar an pigtutubodan na yaon: 

* pamilyar na mga espiritu na nagpapahiling bilang mga tawo asin humanoid, sa bilog na Sulnupan na Europa
* mga espiritung panghuhula na nagpapahiling bilang mga hayop, Gran Britanya asin Pransia
* maraot na mga espiritu na nagpapahiling bilang mga hayop, sa [[Gresya|Grecia]] sana

=== An ayam ni Prinsipe Rupert ===
[[Ladawan:Prince_Rupert_-_1st_English_Civil_War.jpg|thumb| Si Prinsipe Rupert asin an saiyang &quot;pamilyar&quot; na ayam sa sarong pamphlet na may titulong &quot;An Maringis na mga Gawe ni Prinsipe Rupert&quot; (1643)]]
Durante kan Gera Sibil kan Inglaterra, an heneral na Royalista na si Prinsipe Rupert igwa nin ugale na darahon an saiyang dakulang ayam na poodle na an pangaran Boy sa pakikipaglaban saiya. Sa bilog na gera an ayam kinakatakutan na gayo sa mga pwersa kan Parliamento asin pigtatawan nin kredito na may supernatural na kapangyarihan. Siring sa sinabi ni Morgan,  an ayam garo baga pigkonsiderar na sarong klase nin pamilyar. Sa katapusan kan gera an ayam binadil, na soboot gamit an sarong bala na pirak .

== Mga pagbista sa mga bruha ==
Kadaklan sa datos manungod sa mga pamilyar gikan sa mga transkrip kan mga pagbista sa mga bruha sa Ingles asin Scotland na ginibo kan ika-16 asin ika-17 siglo. An sistema nin korte na nagtatak asin nagbista sa mga bruha inaapod na Essex . An pagbista sa Essex ki Agnes Sampson kan Nether Keith, East Lothian, [[Eskosya|Scotland]], kan 1590, nagpepresentar nin testimonya kan prosekusyon manungod sa sarong pamilyar na panghuhula. An kasong ini sa pundamental politikal, na pigbibista si Sampson huli sa halangkaw na pagtraydor, asin pig-aakusaran si Sampson sa paggamit nin pangkukulam laban ki Hadeng James VI . An prosekusyon nagsasabi na si Sampson nag-apod nin mga pamilyar na espiritu asin naresolberan an saiyang kaduda-dudang bagay. An saro pang pagbista sa Essex iyo idtong ki Hellen Clark, na binista kan 1645, kun saen si Clark napiritan na magsabi na [[Satanas|an Diablo]] nagtunga bilang sarong &quot;pamilyar&quot; sa porma nin sarong ayam. 

An mga kaso sa korte sa Inglaterra nagpapaheling nin makosog na relasyon sa pag-oltanan kan mga akusasyon nin pangkukulam kan Estado tumang sa mga naggigibo nin suanoy na mga tradisyon nin mga katutubong tawo, kaiba an pamilyar na hayop o espiritu.

Sa nagkapirang kaso an mga pamilyar minasalida sa mga aki sa pabor kan saindang mga ina. (Hilingon an pangkukulam asin mga aki .)

Sa kolonyal na Amerika an mga pamilyar na hayop mahihiling sa mga pag'ayam nin mga bruha na nangyari sa Salem, Massachusetts, kan 1692. An pamilyar na mga espiritu parateng minalataw sa mga bisyon kan nagsasakit na mga daragita. Dawa ngani an ley kan 1648 na nagtao nin kahulugan sa sarong bruha bilang saro na &quot;igwa o nakikipag-olay sa sarong pamilyar na espiritu&quot; nasuspinde sampulong taon bago kaini, an pakikisumaro sa sarong pamilyar na espiritu ginamit sa mga pagbista sa Salem bilang ebidensya tanganing makonbikto an mga pigdududahan na mga bruha. Si Sarah Good igwa daa nin sarong dilaw na gamgam na nagsusupsop sa pag-ultanan kan saiyang mga moro. Si Ann Putnam partikularmente dapat na parating nahihiling an dilaw na gamgam sa saiyang mga kasakitan. Si Tituba daa nakahiling nin mga kakaibang hayop na nag-aaghat saiya na saktan an mga kaakian, na kabali an sarong orig, sarong itom na ayam, sarong pulang pusa asin sarong itom na pusa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=In the Devil's Snare: The Salem Witchcraft Crisis of 1692|last=Norton|first=Mary Beth|publisher=Vintage Books|year=2002|location=New York|pages=26, 28, 48}}&lt;/ref&gt; &quot;Durante kan mga pagbista sa mga bruha sa Salem, igwa nin kadikit na istorya kan praktis kan mga pamilyar na hayop, dawa ngani an sarong lalaki inakusaran nin pag-engganyar sa sarong ayam na mag-atake sa paagi nin mahiwason na paagi. An ayam, interesante nanggad, binista, nasentensiahan, asin binitay&quot;. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Wiccan and Paganism: Do You Have a Magical Animal Familiar?|url=https://www.learnreligions.com/what-is-an-animal-familiar-2562343|access-date=2020-12-10|website=Learn Religions|archive-date=2020-11-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112043421/https://www.learnreligions.com/what-is-an-animal-familiar-2562343|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;

An marka kan bruha nagdagdag nin seksuwal na kabtang sa pamilyar na espiritu asin parateng manonompongan sa mga rekord nin pagbista bilang paagi na makondenar an sarong suspetsado na bruha. An marka iyo an pinakaparateng sarong dagdag na suso na nakua sa sarong lugar sa hawak asin pigdududahan na ginagamit sa pagsuso kan pamilyar na mga espiritu. An sarong halimbawa kaini mahihiling sa mga pagbista sa mga bruha sa Salem kan 1692. Halimbawa, sinabi ni Ann Putnam ki Martha Corey na, &quot;Igwa nin sarong giyaw na burd na nagsusupsop sa pag-ultanan kan saimong muro sa enotan asin muro sa tahaw na nahihiling ko ini.&quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=In the Devil's Snare|last=Norton|first=Mary Beth|publisher=Vintage Books|year=2002|location=New York|pages=48}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Pamana ==
[[Ladawan:Evelyn De Morgan - The Love Potion (1903) - Google Cultural Institute.jpg|thumb| ''An Love Potion'' ni Evelyn De Morgan, 1903: sarong bruha na may itom na pusa na pamilyar sa saiyang pamitisan]]

=== Historiograpiya ===
An pinakabagong iskolar sa mga pamilyar nagpapahiling kan rarom asin paggalang na mayo sa mga naenot na demonolohikong paagi. An pag-aadal kan mga pamilyar nagdakula gikan sa sarong akademikong tema sa mga folklorikong journal pasiring sa sarong pankagabsan na tema sa mga popular na libro asin journal na naglalaog nin antropolohiya, kasaysayan asin iba pang disiplina. Si James Sharpe, sa ''The Encyclopedia of Witchcraft: the Western Tradition'', nagsasabi: &quot;An mga folklorist nagpoon kan saindang mga pagsiyasat kan ika-19 Siglo [asin] nanompongan na an mga pamilyar prominente sa mga ideya manongod sa pangkukulam.&quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Familiars in the Encyclopedia of Witchcraft: the Western Tradition|last=Sharpe|first=James|last2=Rickard M Golden|publisher=ABC-CLIO|year=2006}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sa mga enot na dekada kan ika-20 siglo, an mga pamilyar pigbibisto bilang &quot;mga nigget&quot;, na iyo an &quot;mga bagay na nakakatakot na itinatago kan mga bruha sa gabos na hawak ninda&quot;. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last=Times|first=The|author-link=The Times|title=Superstition in Essex: A Witch and Her Niggets|journal=Folklore|volume=27|year=1916|page=3}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Toltolan ==
&lt;references /&gt;
{{Tamboan}}
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|- id=&quot;17&quot;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; id=&quot;18&quot; class=&quot;infobox-image&quot; |[[File:Sor_Juana_by_Miguel_Cabrera.png|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sor_Juana_by_Miguel_Cabrera.png|280x280px|Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz by [[Miguel Cabrera (painter)|Miguel Cabrera]]]]&lt;div id=&quot;19&quot; class=&quot;infobox-caption&quot; style=&quot;line-height:1.4em;&quot;&gt;Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz by [[:en:Miguel_Cabrera_(painter)|Miguel Cabrera]]&lt;/div&gt;
|- id=&quot;22&quot;
! scope=&quot;row&quot; id=&quot;23&quot; class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; style=&quot;line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;&quot; |Native name
| id=&quot;25&quot; class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; style=&quot;line-height:1.4em;&quot; |&lt;div id=&quot;26&quot; class=&quot;nickname&quot;&gt;Juana de Asuaje y Ramírez de Santillana&lt;/div&gt;
|- id=&quot;28&quot;
! scope=&quot;row&quot; id=&quot;29&quot; class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; style=&quot;line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;&quot; |Born
| id=&quot;31&quot; class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; style=&quot;line-height:1.4em;&quot; |Juana Ramírez de Asbaje
12 November 1651
[[:en:Tepetlixpa|San Miguel Nepantla]],
[[:en:New_Spain|New Spain]]
(near modern [[:en:Tepetlixpa|Tepetlixpa]], Mexico)
|- id=&quot;36&quot;
! scope=&quot;row&quot; id=&quot;37&quot; class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; style=&quot;line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;&quot; |Died
| id=&quot;39&quot; class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; style=&quot;line-height:1.4em;&quot; |17 April 1695 (aged&amp;nbsp;43)
[[:en:Mexico_City|Mexico City]], New Spain
|- id=&quot;42&quot;
! scope=&quot;row&quot; id=&quot;43&quot; class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; style=&quot;line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;&quot; |Resting place
| id=&quot;45&quot; class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; style=&quot;line-height:1.4em;&quot; |Convent of San Jerónimo, Mexico City
|- id=&quot;47&quot;
! scope=&quot;row&quot; id=&quot;48&quot; class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; style=&quot;line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;&quot; |Pen name
| id=&quot;50&quot; class=&quot;infobox-data nickname&quot; style=&quot;line-height:1.4em;&quot; |Juana Inés de la Cruz
|- id=&quot;52&quot;
! scope=&quot;row&quot; id=&quot;53&quot; class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; style=&quot;line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;&quot; |Occupation
| id=&quot;55&quot; class=&quot;infobox-data role&quot; style=&quot;line-height:1.4em;&quot; |Nun, poet, writer, philosopher, musician composer
|- id=&quot;57&quot;
! scope=&quot;row&quot; id=&quot;58&quot; class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; style=&quot;line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;&quot; |Language
| id=&quot;60&quot; class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; style=&quot;line-height:1.4em;&quot; |Spanish, [[:en:Nahuatl|Nahuatl]], [[:en:Latin|Latin]]
|- id=&quot;64&quot;
! scope=&quot;row&quot; id=&quot;65&quot; class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; style=&quot;line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;&quot; |Education
| id=&quot;67&quot; class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; style=&quot;line-height:1.4em;&quot; |[[:en:Self_taught|Self taught]] until the age of twenty-one. (1669)
|- id=&quot;71&quot;
! scope=&quot;row&quot; id=&quot;72&quot; class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; style=&quot;line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;&quot; |Period
| id=&quot;74&quot; class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; style=&quot;line-height:1.4em;&quot; |17th century [[:en:Nun|Nun]]
|- id=&quot;77&quot;
! scope=&quot;row&quot; id=&quot;78&quot; class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; style=&quot;line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;&quot; |Literary movement
| id=&quot;80&quot; class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; style=&quot;line-height:1.4em;&quot; |[[:en:Baroque|Baroque]], ''[[:en:Culteranismo|Culteranismo]]''
|- id=&quot;84&quot;
! scope=&quot;row&quot; id=&quot;85&quot; class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; style=&quot;line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;&quot; |Years&amp;nbsp;active
| id=&quot;87&quot; class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; style=&quot;line-height:1.4em;&quot; |~1660 to ~1693
|- id=&quot;89&quot;
! scope=&quot;row&quot; id=&quot;90&quot; class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; style=&quot;line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;&quot; |Notable works
| id=&quot;92&quot; class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; style=&quot;line-height:1.4em;&quot; |&lt;div id=&quot;94&quot; class=&quot;plainlist&quot;&gt;
* Carta Atenagorica
* First Dream
* Pawns of a House
* Satira Filosofica
&lt;/div&gt;
|- id=&quot;104&quot;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; id=&quot;105&quot; class=&quot;infobox-header&quot; |Signature
|- id=&quot;107&quot;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; id=&quot;108&quot; class=&quot;infobox-full-data&quot; style=&quot;line-height:1.4em;&quot; |[[File:Firma_de_Juana_Inés_de_la_Cruz.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Firma_de_Juana_In%C3%A9s_de_la_Cruz.jpg|class=skin-invert-image|150x150px]]
|}
Si '''Juana Inés de Asbaje y Ramírez de Santillana''', mas midbid bilang Sor '''Juana Inés de la Cruz'''  OSH (12 Nobyembre 1651 – 17 Abril 1695), &lt;ref name=&quot;Gobernación2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Gobernación|first=Secretaría de|title=Conoce más acerca de Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz|url=http://www.gob.mx/segob/articulos/conoce-mas-acerca-de-sor-juana-ines-de-la-cruz?idiom=es|access-date=2021-07-01|website=gob.mx|language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt; sarong Bagong Espanya (konsiderar na Mehikano kan kadakol na mga awtor) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=&quot;Mujer y literatura femenina en la América virreinal.&quot;|last=Donoso Rodríguez|first=Ed. Miguel|publisher=Universidad de Navarra|quote=«La poetisa mexicana tuvo una formación académica y bagaje cultural bastante amplio y diverso».}}&lt;/ref&gt; na parasurat, pilosopo, kompositor asin pararawitdawit kan panahon nin Baroque, siring man sarong madre Hieronymite, na binansagan na &quot; ''The Ikasampulong Musa'' &quot; asin &quot; ''The Phoenix of America'' &quot; kan saiyang mga kontemporanyong kritiko.  Bilang sarong [[Imperyong Espanyol|Spanish]] - criolla gikan sa Bagong Espanya, siya kabali sa mga mayor na namundag sa Amerika na nagkontribwir sa Spanish Golden Age, kaiba si Juan Ruiz de Alarcón asin Garcilaso de la Vega &quot; &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwKw&quot;&gt;el Inca&quot;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;, asin pigkokonsiderar na saro sa pinaka-importanteng babaeng awtor sa literatura sa tataramon na Espanyol asin sa literatura kan Mehiko .

An kahulugan ni Sor Juana sa manlaen-laen na komunidad nagkakaiba-iba sa lawig nin panahon, na iprinesentar bilang sarong kandidato para sa [[Santo|pagigin banal na Katoliko]] ; sarong simbolo kan nasyonalismong Mehikano ; asin sarong paragon kan katalingkasan sa pagtaram, [[Karapatan nin kababaihan|mga deretso kan mga kababaihan]], asin sekswal na pagkakaiba-iba, na ginigibo siyang sarong pigura nin dakulang kontrobersiya asin debate sagkod ngonyan.

== Buhay ==

=== Amay na buhay ===
Si Juana namundag sa San Miguel Nepantla (ngonyan ''Nepantla de Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz'' ) harani sa [[Syudad nin Mehiko|Siyudad nin Mehiko]] bilang an ilehitimong aking babae ni Don Pedro Manuel de Asuaje y Vargas-Machuca (1602-1680), sarong kapitan kan hukbong-dagat na Espanyol gikan sa Canary Islands na imbuelto sa kolonyal na transatlantikong transatlantiko na transatlantiko asin si Doñade Isabel asin si San Isabel Si Rendón (1626-1690), sarong midbid na criolla, na an ama nag-arkila kan ''Hacienda de Panoayan'', harani sa Siyudad nin Mehiko. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Kennett|first=Frances|date=May 2003|title=Sor Juana and the Guadalupe|journal=Feminist Theology|volume=11|issue=3|pages=307–324|doi=10.1177/096673500301100305}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Ladawan:MainHousePanoaya.JPG|thumb|280x280px| Hacienda kan Panoayan sa Amecameca, istaran kan pamilyang '''Ramírez de Santillana''' .]]
Igwa nin duwang manlaen-laen na rehistrasyon nin bunyag na pig-aatribwir saiya, an saro sa irarom kan pangaran na &quot;Juana&quot; kan 1648, asin an saro pa sa irarom kan pangaran na &quot;Inés&quot; kan 1651, na sarong bagay na pinag-aadalan asin pinagdedebatehan pa man giraray kan mga akademiko. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Arenal|title=A Life Without and Within: Juana Ramírez / Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz (1648/51-1695)}}&lt;/ref&gt; Igwa, dawa siring, nin pagkakaoroyon na siya saro sa tolong aki na nagkaigwa si Doña Isabel Ramírez de Santillana sa luwas kan kasal ki Don Pedro de Asuaje. Huli ta an ama ni Sor Juana naghale sa saiyang buhay sa amay na edad asin nagdanay na kadaklan na dai niya midbid, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Project Vox Team|title=Sor Juana (1648-1695)|url=https://projectvox.org/sor-juana-1648-1695/|url-status=|access-date=2025-02-12}}&lt;/ref&gt; an pagkaomboy ni Sor Juana nangyari sa bilog na palibot kan pamilya kan saiyang ina sa ''hacienda'' kan Panaoyan, sa Amecameca, na inaarkilahan kan saiyang lolo sa ina, asin istaran kan mahiwas na pamilyang Ramírez de Santilla.  Sa saiyang mga paryentes, nagkapirang mga babae na may pangaran na &quot;Inés&quot; an namidbid, kabali an saiyang lola na si Inés de Brenes, an saiyang tiyaon sa ina na si Inés Ramírez de Santillana, asin an saiyang pinsan na si Inés de Brenes y Mendoza, na agom sa sarong makoapo ni [[:es:Antonio de Saavedra Guzmán|Antonio de Saavedra Guzmán]], an pinakaenot na naipublikar [[Amerika|na Amerikanong]] pararawitdawit. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Cervantes|first=Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de|title=La Fe de bautismo de &quot;Inés hija de la iglesia&quot; de Sor Juana|url=http://www.cervantesvirtual.com/obra-visor/la-fe-de-bautismo-de-ines-hija-de-la-iglesia-de-sor-juana-774883/html/7661e678-bc4d-467d-ab62-6756ac7edbb0_2.html|access-date=2021-09-21|website=Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes|language=es|archive-date=2021-09-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210921232019/http://www.cervantesvirtual.com/obra-visor/la-fe-de-bautismo-de-ines-hija-de-la-iglesia-de-sor-juana-774883/html/7661e678-bc4d-467d-ab62-6756ac7edbb0_2.html|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kan huri ilinadawan bilang sarong aki na prodigy, si Sor Juana pig-edukar sa harong sa ''Hacienda de Papaya'', na nabantad sa [[Tataramon na Latin|Latin]] asin [[Nahuatl]], &lt;ref name=&quot;townsend&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Townsend|title=Sor Juana's Nahuatl|url=http://cornucopia16.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/Camilla-Townsend1.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt; asin nag-aadal nin pilosopiya, asin matematika. Tinawan siya nin libreng access sa pribadong libreriya kan saiyang lolo. 

Sa saiyang pagkaaki, si Inés parating nagtatago sa kapilya ''kan asyenda'' tanganing basahon an mga libro kan saiyang lolo hale sa kataid na libreriya, sarong bagay na ipinagbabawal sa mga daragita. Kan tres anyos na siya, nakanuod na siyang magbasa asin magsurat nin Latin. Sa edad na limang taon, siya daa nakakagibo na nin kuwenta. Sa edad na otso, nagkompuesto siya nin sarong rawitdawit manungod sa [[Eukaristiya]] .  Kan sia tin-edyer, si Inés nakapag-adal na [[Lohika|nin lohika sa Griego]], asin sa edad na trese anyos nagtotokdo na sia nin Latin sa saradit na aki. Sa halawig na panahon pighona na siya nakanuod man nin Nahuatl, sarong tataramon na Aztec, asin nagsurat nin halipot na mga rawitdawit sa tataramon na iyan kan siya aki pa, alagad ini pig-angat kan mas bagong mga iskolar. 

Kan 1664, sa edad na 16, si Inés isinugo tanganing mag-istar sa Siudad nin Mejico. Naghagad siya nin permiso sa saiyang ina na magsagin-sagin bilang sarong estudyanteng lalaki tanganing makalaog siya sa unibersidad duman, na dai nagin mapanggana. Mayo nin kakayahan na makakua nin pormal na edukasyon, si Juana nagpadagos kan saiyang pag-adal sa pribado. An maimpluwensyang posisyon kan saiyang pamilya nagtao saiya kan posisyon bilang lady-in-waiting sa korte kan kolonyal na bise-rey,  kun saen siya napairarom sa pag-ataman kan Vicereine ''Donna'' [[:es:Leonor Carreto|Eleonora del Carretto]], sarong miyembro kan saro sa pinakaprominenteng pamilya sa Italya, asin agom kan Bise-rey kan New Spain Donna Tonido Tonido De Mar Mancera . An bise-rey na si Marquis de Mancera, na nagmamawot na baloon an pakanood asin intelihensia kan 17 anyos, nag-imbitar nin nagkapirang teologo, hurista, pilosopo, asin pararawitdawit sa sarong pagtiripon, na durante kaiyan kinaipuhan niang simbagon an dakol na hapot na dai inandam asin ipaliwanag an nagkapirang depisil na punto manongod sa laen-laen na sientipiko asin literaryong tema. An paagi kan saiyang pag-absuelto sa saiyang sadiri nakabigla sa gabos na presente asin nakadagdag na gayo sa saiyang reputasyon. An saiyang mga naginibohan sa literatura an nagtao saiya nin kabantogan sa bilog na Bagong Espanya. Hinahangaan siyang marhay sa korte kan bise-regal, asin nakaresibe siya nin nagkapirang propuesto nin kasal, na saiyang sinayumahan. 

Pakalaog sa sarong madre kan 1667, si Sor Juana nagpoon na magsurat nin mga rawitdawit asin prosa na nagtutukar kan mga tema arog kan pagkamoot, mga deretso nin mga babae, asin relihiyon.  &lt;ref name=&quot;A&amp;E Television Networks2&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz Biography|url=http://www.biography.com/people/sor-juana-in%C3%A9s-de-la-cruz-38178|access-date=11 March 2017|website=Biography.com|publisher=A&amp;E Television Networks}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ginibo niyang sarong salon an mga kwarto kan saiyang madre, na binisita kan mga babaeng intelektuwal na elite kan Bagong Espanya, kabali ''si Doña'' Eleonora del Carreto, Marchioness kan Mancera, asin ''si Doña'' Maria Luisa Gonzaga, Kondesa kan Paredes de Nava, parehong mga &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwmg&quot;&gt;Vicereines&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; kan Bagong Espanya, asin iba pa. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last1=Stephanie|first1=Merrim|title=Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Sor-Juana-Ines-de-la-Cruz|access-date=11 March 2017|website=Encyclopædia Britannica}}&lt;/ref&gt; An saiyang kritisismo sa misogyny asin an pagsaginsagin kan mga lalaki nagdara sa saiyang pagkondenar kan Obispo kan Puebla, &lt;ref name=&quot;:182&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1072584/Manuel-Fernandez-de-Santa-Cruz|title=Manuel Fernandez de Santa Cruz, bishop of Puebla|website=Encyclopædia Britannica|access-date=2016-04-15}}&lt;/ref&gt; asin kan 1694 napiritan siyang ipabakal an saiyang koleksyon nin mga libro asin magkonsentrar sa pagkamoot sa mga dukha. &lt;ref name=&quot;:102&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/ap-art-history/later-europe-and-americas/enlightenment-revolution/a/cabrera-portrait-of-sor-juana-ins-de-la-cruz|title=Cabrera, Portrait of Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz|website=Khan Academy|language=en|access-date=2019-12-05}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nagadan siya kan suminunod na taon, huli ta nagkaigwa nin peste mantang pigbubulong an saiyang mga tugang na babae. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Baroque Times in Old Mexico: Seventeenth-Century Persons, Places, and Practices|last=Leonard|first=Irving A.|date=1960|publisher=University of Michigan Press|isbn=9780472061105|edition=12th|pages=191–192|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Buhay relihiyoso asin pagbabago nin pangaran ==
[[Ladawan:Claustro_de_Sor_Juana_Inés_de_la_Cruz_DSC_1099_(33088891783).jpg|thumb| Sa laog kan Hieronymite cloister kun saen si Sor Juana nag-erok kan kadaklan kan saiyang buhay.]]
[[Ladawan:A_piece_of_Juana’s_work..jpg|alt=Manuscript page from “Libro de professiones y elecciones de prioras y vicarias del Convento de San Gerónimo,” 1586–1713, which Sor Juana signed in ink and her own blood.|thumb| Pahina kan manuskrito gikan sa ''Libro de professiones y elecciones de prioras y vicarias del Convento de San Gerónimo'', 1586–1713, na pinirmahan ni Sor Juana sa tinta asin sa saiyang sadiring dugo]]
Kan 1667, naglaog siya sa Monasteryo ni San Jose, sarong komunidad kan mga Discalced Carmelite nuns, bilang sarong postulante, kun saen siya nagdanay nin pirang bulan sana. Kan huri, kan 1669, naglaog siya sa monasteryo kan mga madre Hieronymite, na igwa nin mas relaks na mga patakaran, kun saen binago niya an saiyang pangaran sa Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, posibleng sa pagsambit ki Sor Juana de la Cruz Vázquez Gutiérrez na sarong madre na Kastila na an mga intelektuwal na naginibohan nagtao saiya nin saro sa mga dispensasyon para sa mga babaeng preliminar sa ebanghelyo. An saro pang potensyal na kapangaran iyo si San Juan de la Cruz, saro sa mga pinakamahusay na kagsurat kan Spanish Baroque. Pinili niyang magin madre tanganing siya makapag-adal siring sa saiyang kamawotan nin huli ta gusto niyang &quot;mayo nin nakapirming hanapbuhay na pwedeng makapugol kan sakuyang katalingkasan sa pag-adal.&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;Biography2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.biography.com/people/sor-juana-inés-de-la-cruz-38178|title=Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz Biography|website=Biography.com|publisher=A&amp;E Television Networks|access-date=2016-04-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sa kumbento asin tibaad mas amay pa, si Sor Juana nagin dayupot na amigo ni Don Carlos de Sigüenza y Góngora, na nagbisita saiya sa locutorio kan kumbento.  Nag-istar siya sa Kumbento ni Santa Paula kan Hieronymite sa Siyudad nin Mehiko poon 1669 sagkod sa saiyang kagadanan kan 1695, asin duman siya nag-adal, nagsurat, asin nagtipon nin sarong dakulang libreriya nin mga libro. An Bise-Rey asin Bisereina kan Bagong Espanya nagin saiyang mga patron; sinuportaran ninda siya asin ipinapublikar an saiyang mga sinurat sa Espanya. &lt;ref name=&quot;Biography3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.biography.com/people/sor-juana-inés-de-la-cruz-38178|title=Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz Biography|website=Biography.com|publisher=A&amp;E Television Networks|access-date=2016-04-15}}&lt;/ref&gt; Itinao niya an nagkapira sa saiyang mga rawitdawit sa mga pintura kan saiyang amigo asin patron na si María Luisa Manrique de Lara y Gonzaga, aking babae ni Vespasiano Gonzaga, Duca di Guastala, Luzara e Rechiolo asin Inés María Manrique, ika-9 na Kondesa de Paredes, na inapod man niyang Lísida.
[[Ladawan:Sor_Juana_Inés_de_la_Cruz_(Juan_de_Miranda).jpg|thumb|347x347px| Enot na bistong retrato ni Sor Juana, ni [[Juan de Miranda]] (c. 1680).]]
Kan Nobyembre 1690, an obispo kan Puebla, si Manuel Fernández de Santa Cruz nagpublikar, sa alyas na Sor Filotea, asin mayong permiso niya, an kritisismo ni Sor Juana sa sarong 40-anyos na sermon ni Padre António Vieira, sarong Portuges [[Heswita|na Heswita]] na parahulit. &lt;ref name=&quot;:183&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1072584/Manuel-Fernandez-de-Santa-Cruz|title=Manuel Fernandez de Santa Cruz, bishop of Puebla|website=Encyclopædia Britannica|access-date=2016-04-15}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dawa ngani an mga intensyon ni Sor Juana para sa obra, na inaapod na ''[[:es:Carta atenagórica|Carta Atenagórica]]'' pinabayaan sa interpretasyon, kadakol na mga iskolar an nagpili na interpretaron an obra bilang sarong angat sa hirarkikal na estruktura kan Simbahan Katoliko . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=The Routledge research companion to the works of Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz|last=Bergmann, Emilie L., 1949– Herausgeber. Schlau, Stacey, 1948– Herausgeber|publisher=Routledge|year=2017|isbn=978-1-4724-4407-3|oclc=1011112232}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kaiba kan ''[[:es:Carta atenagórica|Carta Atenagórica]] ,'' an obispo nagpublikar man kan saiyang sadiring surat kun saen sinabi niya na dapat siyang magkonsentrar sa relihiyoso imbes na sa sekular na mga pag-aadal.  Ipinublikar niya an saiyang mga kritisismo tanganing gamiton ini sa saiyang bentaha laban sa padi, asin mantang uyon siya sa mga kritisismo kaini, nagtutubod siya na bilang sarong babae, dapat niyang idusay an saiyang sadiri sa pamibi asin itao an saiyang mga sinurat. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Library : an illustrated history.|last=Murray|first=Stuart|date=2012|publisher=W W Norton|isbn=978-1-61608-453-0|location=New York|page=139}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bilang simbag sa saiyang mga kritiko, si Sor Juana nagsurat nin sarong surat, ''Respuesta a Sor Filotea de la Cruz'' ( ''Simbag ki Sister Philotea'' ),  na kun saen pigdepensa niya an deretso kan mga kababaihan sa pormal na edukasyon .  Nag-adbokasiya man siya para sa deretso kan mga kababaihan na magserbing intelektwal na awtoridad, bako sana sa paagi kan akto nin pagsurat, kundi sa paagi man kan pagpublikar kan saindang mga sinurat. &lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Allatson|title=A Shadowy Sequence: Chicana Textual/Sexual Reinventions of Sor Juana}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sa pagbugtak sa mga babae, partikularmente sa mga gurang na babae, sa mga posisyon nin awtoridad, an argumento ni Sor Juana, an mga babae puedeng mag-edukar sa ibang mga babae. Huli kaini, an argumento ni Sor Juana, an gawe-gawe na ini makakalikay man sa mga posibleng peligrosong sitwasyon na imbuelto an mga lalaking paratukdo sa mga dayupot na kamugtakan sa mga hoben na babaeng estudyante. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/libraryillustrat0000murr|title=The library : an illustrated history|last=Murray|first=Stuart A.P.|date=2009|publisher=[[Skyhorse Pub.]]|isbn=9781602397064|location=New York, NY|url-access=registration}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kan 1691, siya sinaway asin pinagbotan na magpundo sa pagsurat pakatapos na mabuyagyag an sarong pribadong surat kun saen siya nagsurat manungod sa deretso kan mga kababaihan sa edukasyon. 

Apwera sa saiyang kamugtakan bilang sarong babae sa sarong sadiring pigreseta na posisyon nin awtoridad, an radikal na posisyon ni Sor Juana an nagin dahelan na siya magin sarong mas kontrobersyal na pigura. Siya bantog na nagkomento sa paagi nin pagkotar sa sarong pararawitdawit na Aragonese asin pag-otro ki Santa [[Teresa nin Ávila (Teresa of Ávila)|Teresa nin Ávila]] : &quot;An saro puedeng magpilosopiya mantang nagluluto nin pamanggihan.&quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz, Mexican poet and scholar|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Sor-Juana-Ines-de-la-Cruz#ref959|website=Encyclopædia Britannica|date=26 February 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bilang simbag, si Francisco de Aguiar y Seijas, Arsobispo kan Mehiko nag-iba sa ibang mga halangkaw na opisyal sa pagkondenar kan &quot;pagkasuway&quot; ni Sor Juana. Apwera sa pagkontra na saiyang naresibe huli sa pag'angat sa patriarkal na estruktura kan [[Simbahan Katoliko]], si Sor Juana paorootrong pigtuyaw huli sa pagtubod na an saiyang pagsurat makakamit kan parehong mga katuyuhan na pilantropo arog kan trabaho sa komunidad. 

Kan 1693, garo baga nagpondo na siya sa pagsurat tanganing maibitaran an peligro kan opisyal na pagsensura . Dawa mayo nin dai mapagdududahan na ebidensya kan saiyang pagsikwal sa saiyang pagsurat, igwa nin mga dokumento na nagpapahiling na siya nag-uyon na mag-agi nin penitensya .  An saiyang pangaran nakadukot sa siring na dokumento kan 1694, alagad an tono kan mga pigtutubodan na surat-kamot na mga penitensyal yaon sa retorikal asin autokratiko, na kabaliktaran sa saiyang normal na liriko na estilo. An saro may pinirmahan na &quot; ''Yo, la Peor de Todas'' &quot; (&quot;Ako, an pinakamaraot sa gabos na babae&quot;).  Sinasabi na ipinabakal niya an gabos niyang libro,  dangan sarong mahiwas na libreriya na sobra sa 4,000 na tomo, siring man an saiyang mga instrumentong musikal asin siyentipiko. An ibang mga pinagkukuanan nagbareta na an saiyang pagsuway sa Simbahan nagdara sa pagkumpiskar kan gabos niyang mga libro asin instrumento, dawa ngani an obispo mismo uyon sa laog kan saiyang mga surat. &lt;ref name=&quot;Murray 2009&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/libraryillustrat0000murr|title=The Library: An Illustrated History|last=Murray|first=Stuart|publisher=[[Skyhorse Publishing]]|year=2009|isbn=978-0-8389-0991-1|location=Chicago|url-access=registration}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sa labing sanggatos na dai pa naipublikar na mga obra, &lt;ref name=&quot;:16&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Nepantla as her place in the middle : multilingualism and multiculturalism in the writings of Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz|last=Gomez, Nicole Lynn|oclc=974910460}}&lt;/ref&gt; pira sana sa saiyang mga sinurat an natada, na midbid bilang an ''Kumpletong mga Obra'' . Susog ki Octavio Paz, an saiyang mga sinurat nasalbar kan bisereina. &lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Sor Juana, Or, The Traps of Faith|last=Paz|first=Octavio|date=1988|publisher=Harvard University Press|isbn=9780674821064}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nagadan siya pagkatapos na maglingkod sa ibang mga madre na tinamaan nin peste, kan 17 Abril 1695. Si Sigüenza y Góngora an nagtao kan eulogy sa saiyang lobong. &lt;section end=&quot;Modern&quot; criticism=&quot;&quot; of=&quot;&quot; the=&quot;&quot; catholic=&quot;&quot; church=&quot;&quot; transclusion=&quot;&quot; /&gt;

== Toltolan ==
&lt;references /&gt;
{{Tamboan}}
[[Kategorya:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Leo Echegaray</title>
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Si '''Leo Pilo Echegaray''' (11 Hulyo 1960 &amp;#x2013; 5 Pebrero 1999) iyo an pinakaenot na Pilipino na ginadan pakatapos na ibalik an padusang kagadanan sa Filipinas kan 1993, mga 23 taon pagkatapos na ginibo an huring hudisyal na paggadan. An [[Free Legal Assistance Group]] o FLAG na abogado [[Theodore Te|na si Attorney Te]] nagtrabaho tanganing mapundo an saiyang pagbitay huli sa mga kontrobersiya sa likod kan pagbalik kan penalidad na kagadanan. An saiyang kagadanan nagpukaw nin nasyonal na debate manungod sa legalidad asin moralidad kan padusang kagadanan, na kan huri pigsuspinde kan 15 Abril 2006.

== Pagbista asin paggadan ==
Kan 1994, si Echegaray, sarong pintor nin harong, inakusaran nin paorootrong paglugos ki Rodessa, an 10 anyos na aking babae kan saiyang ka-live-in-partner (si Rodessa binansagan na &quot;Baby&quot; kan prensa). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Philippines executes first prisoner in 23 years|url=http://www.cnn.com/WORLD/asiapcf/9902/05/philippines.execution.02/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Durante kan pagbista ki Echegaray, inakusaran kan ina ni Rodessa an saiyang aking babae nin pagputik asin sinabi na an akusasyon huli sa kapasloan kan lola ni Rodessa. Kan Setyembre 7, 1994, si Echegaray nasentensiahan kan Branch 104 kan [[Regional Trial Court]] sa [[Syudad nin Quezon|Quezon City]] nin panglulugos asin sinentensyahan nin kagadanan. An sentensiya nin kagadanan awtomatikong rinepaso kan [[Korte Suprema kan Filipinas|Korte Suprema]] asin kinumpirmar kan Hunyo 25, 1996. Si Echegaray nagsangat nin mosyon tanganing mag-apelar, na dai inako kan Enero 19, 1999. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=G.R. No. 117472|url=https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1996/jun1996/gr_117472_1996.html|access-date=2022-05-18|website=lawphil.net}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=G.R. No. 132601|url=https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1999/jan1999/gr_132601_1999.html|access-date=2022-05-18|website=lawphil.net}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mayo pang sarong bulan, ginadan si Echegaray sa paagi nin [[lethal injection]] kan Pebrero 5, 1999. Si Echegaray sinabihan an desisyon kan korte kan udto, tolong oras bago siya magadan sa paagi nin lethal injection sa [[New Bilibid Prison]] sa Manila. Siya an pinakaenot na lalaking ginadan sa Filipinas poon kan 1976.


An huring pahayag ni Echegaray iyo an:


''&quot;Sámbayanáng Pilipino, patawarin ako sa kasalan ipinaratang ninyo sa akin. Pilipino, pinatáy ng kapwa Pilipino.&quot;'' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=de Castro|first=Leo|title=&quot;BITAY&quot;: Death by Lethal Injection|journal=KASAMA|publisher=Solidarity Philippines Australia Network|date=Jan–Mar 1999|volume=13|issue=1|url=http://cpcabrisbane.org/Kasama/1999/V13n1/Bitay.htm|access-date=14 August 2015|archivedate=7 April 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150407154319/http://cpcabrisbane.org/Kasama/1999/V13n1/Bitay.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt;


(&quot;Banwaan nin Pilipinas, patawadon nindo ako kan kasalan na saindong pig-aakusar sako. Sarong Pilipino, ginadan kan mga kapwa Pilipino.&quot;)


Dawa ngani si Echegaray enot na nagmantinir kan saiyang pagkainosente sa saiyang pagbista asin sa publiko, pribado niyang inako an saiyang kasalan sa saiyang huring mga momento. An saiyang huring mga tataramon iyo an &quot;Baby, patawada ako.&quot; Siya idineklarar na gadan pakalihis nin walong minuto. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Philippines Executes Child Rapist|url=https://apnews.com/article/0df135efd2d0fd224abef5329e150f7d|access-date=2022-05-18|website=AP NEWS|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hilingon man ==
[[:en:Capital_punishment_in_the_Philippines|Capital punishment in the Philippines]]

== Mga Toltolan ==
&lt;references /&gt;
{{Tamboan}}

== Mga panluwas na sumpay ==

* Enbanc Decision (1996-06-25) [https://web.archive.org/web/20070216044255/http://www.supremecourt.gov.ph/jurisprudence/1996/jun1996/117472.htm Bayan sa Pilipinas kontra Leo Echegaray (GR 117472)] Korte Suprema sa Pilipinas. Nakua kan 22 Disyembre 2006.
* Enbanc Decision 1998-10-12) [https://web.archive.org/web/20070227145834/http://www.supremecourt.gov.ph/jurisprudence/1998/oct1998/132601.htm Leo Echegaray vs. Secretary of Justice, et al. (GR No. 132601. Enero 19, 1999)] Korte Suprema kan Pilipinas. Nakua kan 22 Disyembre 2006.
* Enbanc Resolution (1999-01-19) [https://web.archive.org/web/20070929115908/http://www.supremecourt.gov.ph/jurisprudence/1999/jan99/132601.htm Leo Echegaray vs. Secretary of Justice, et al.(GR No. 132601. January 19, 1999)] Korte Suprema kan Pilipinas. Nakua kan 22 Disyembre 2006.
* [http://www.chanrobles.com/cralaw199617.htm People of the Philippines vs. Leo Echegaray y Pilo (GR No. 117472)] - teksto kan desisyon kan [[Korte Suprema kan Filipinas|Korte Suprema kan Pilipinas]] na nag-aafirmar kan padusang kagadanan
* [http://www.chanrobles.com/cralawjan19998.htm Leo Echegaray vs. Secretary of Justice, et al.] - text of the motion for reconsideration (ie an desisyon sa apelasyon ni Echegaray)
* [http://www.cnn.com/WORLD/asiapcf/9811/30/philippine.execution/index.html Enot na pagbitay sa Pilipinas sa laog nin 22 taon nakatalaan sa Enero] (CNN)
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20010420220451/http://www.philsol.nl/A00a/Pahra-deathpenalty-mar00.htm Padusang Kagadanan sa Pilipinas]

== Mga panluwas na sumpay ==
Archive ''[[Associated Press|kan Associated Press]]'' :

* &quot; [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vHmvvJNRzCc PILIPINAS: CHILD RAPIST ECHEGARAY EXECUTION (3)] .&quot;
* &quot; [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L4mRequ7dUc PILIPINAS: CHILD RAPIST ECHEGARAY GINADAY (V)] .&quot;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Lista kan mga nasyon batay sa bilang kan populasyon</title>
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      <text bytes="53438" sha1="ozylkk898zx1dz4aqbn4rd3hq6j134t" xml:space="preserve">[[File:World Population.svg|thumb|320px|]]
Ini an '''lista kan mga nasyon batay sa bilang kan populasyon'''. Kabilang sa listang ini an mga [[estado]]ng may soberaniya asin mga teritoryong sarig sa sadiring-pamamahala. Nakabase an mga pigura sa pinakahuring pahayag kan mga may kapangyarihan sa senso nasyonal. Binaatay naman an ibang pigura sa katahawan toan naihayag kan ''Department of Economic and Social Affairs – Population Division'' kan [[Nagkakasararong Nasyon]] kan 2007.&lt;ref name=unpop&gt;{{cite paper | url=http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/wpp2006/WPP2006_Highlights_rev.pdf | title=World Population Prospects, Table A.2| version=pagbabago noong 2006 | pages=p. 37-42  | format=.PDF | publisher=United Nations | author=Department of Economic and Social Affairs
Population Division | date=2006 | accessdate= 2007-06-30}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
&lt;!--
PLEASE READ BEFORE EDITING!
- WHEN YOU UPDATE A COUNTRY'S POPULATION - PLEASE ALSO UPDATE THE EXPRESSION NEXT TO IT (column &quot;% of world population&quot;) WITH THE SAME NUMBER EXCLUDING COMMAS (the #expr: equation).

**IN CASE YOU WANT TO UPDATE THE POPULATION FIGURE FOR THE ENTIRE WORLD (the first row)**
- DO NOT UPDATE THE WORLD POPULATION UNLESS YOU CAN ALSO COPY THE CHANGE TO EVERY EXPRESSION FOR &quot;% OF WORLD POPULATION.&quot; SINCE THERE ARE 230 ROWS WITH THIS FIGURE, THIS IS MOST EASILY ACCOMPLISHED IN AN EXTERNAL EDITOR, ALTHOUGH YOU MUST BE CAREFUL THAT THE EDITOR PRESERVES EXTENDED CHARACTERS.
--&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:right&quot;
|-
! Ranggo || [[Banwa]]/teritoryo/entidad || [[Populasyon]] || Petsa || % sa populasyon sa kinaban || Pinaghalean
|-
| — ||align=left| {{flagicon|World}} [[Kinaban]] || '''8,026,000,000'''|| 1 Hulyo 2023|| '''100%'''||style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya kan Ngkasararong Nasyon
|-
| — ||align=left| ''{{flag|European Union}} [[Europeong Nagkasararo]]'' ||492,964,961||1 Enero 2006||{{#expr: 492964961 / 6671226000 * 100 round 2}}%||style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| [http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page?_pageid=1996,39140985&amp;_dad=portal&amp;_schema=PORTAL&amp;screen=detailref&amp;language=en&amp;product=Yearlies_new_population&amp;root=Yearlies_new_population/C/C1/C11/caa10000 Eurostat]
|-
| — ||align=left| ''{{flag|Arab League}}'' ||339,510,535||2007||{{#expr: 339510535 / 6671226000 * 100 round 2}}%||style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| [[:en:Arab League|tantya kan Nagkasararong mga Nasyon]]
|-
| 1 ||align=left| {{flag|India}}&lt;ref name=&quot;ind&quot;&gt;Kabilang an datos hale sa sa [[Jammu at Kashmir]] (pinamamahalaan nin India), [[Azad Kashmir]] (pinamamahalaan nin Pakistan) , asin [[Aksai Chin]] (pinamamahalaan nin PRC).&lt;/ref&gt;|| 1,428,00,000||2023||17.79%|| style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot; | tantya kan Nagkasararong mga Nasyon 
|-
| 2 ||align=left| {{flag|People's Republic of China}}&lt;ref&gt;Pangunahing lupain ng Tsina lamang&lt;/ref&gt; ||1,411,750,000||2 Nobyembre 2022||17.59%|| style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot; |[http://www.cpirc.org.cn/en/eindex.htm Opisyal na orasan nin populasyon ng Tsina] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100416073058/http://www.cpirc.org.cn/en/eindex.htm |date=2010-04-16 }}
|-
| 3 || align=left| {{flag|United States}} || 303,295,254|| 5 Nobyembre 2007 || {{#expr: 303273466 / 6671226000 * 100 round 2}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| [http://www.census.gov/population/www/popclockus.html Opisyal na orasan nin populasyon nin Estados Unidos]
|-
| 4 || align=left| {{flag|Indonesia}} || 231,627,000 || || {{#expr: 231627000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 2}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 5 || align=left| {{flag|Brazil}} || 187,434,000 || 29 Oktubre 2007 || {{#expr: 187434000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 2}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot; | [http://www.ibge.gov.br/english/disseminacao/online/popclock/popclock.php Opisyal na orasan nin populasyon nin Brazil]
|-
| 6 || align=left| {{flag|Pakistan}} || 161,598,500 || 29 Oktubre 2007 || {{#expr: 161598500 / 6671226000 * 100 round 2}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| [http://www.statpak.gov.pk/depts/pco/ Opisyal na orasan nin populasyon nin Pakistan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090115034044/http://www.statpak.gov.pk/depts/pco/ |date=2009-01-15 }}
|-
| 7 || align=left| {{flag|Bangladesh}} || 158,665,000 || || {{#expr: 158665000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 2}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon 
|-
| 8 || align=left| {{flag|Nigeria}} || 148,093,000 || || {{#expr: 148093000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 2}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 9 || align=left| {{flag|Russia}} || 142,499,000 || || {{#expr: 142499000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 2}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 10 || align=left| {{flag|Japan}} || 127,750,000 || 1 Hunyo 2007 || {{#expr: 127750000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 2}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| [http://www.stat.go.jp/data/jinsui/tsuki/zuhyou/05k2-1.xls Opisyal na tantya nin Departamento nin Estadistika kan banwang Hapon]
|-
| 11 || align=left| {{flag|Mexico}} || 106,535,000 ||  || {{#expr: 106535000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 2}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 12 || align=left| {{flag|Philippines}} || 65,706,300 || 1 Hulyo 2007 || {{#expr: 88706300 / 6671226000 * 100 round 2}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;|
[http://www.census.gov.ph/data/sectordata/popproj_tab1r.html Opisyal na Estadistika Nasyonal nin Filipinas] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811190921/http://www.census.gov.ph/data/sectordata/popproj_tab1r.html |date=2011-08-11 }}
|-
| 13 || align=left| {{flag|Vietnam}} || 87,375,000 || || {{#expr: 87375000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 2}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon

|-
| 14 || align=left| {{flag|Germany}} || 82,599,000 || Hulyo 2007 || {{#expr: 82599000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 2}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;|tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 15 || align=left| {{flag|Ethiopia}} || 77,127,000 || Hulyo 2007 || {{#expr: 77127000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 2}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;|
[http://www.csa.gov.et/text_files/national%20statistics%202006/Population.pdf Sentral na Ahensiyang Estadistika nin Ethiopia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081003020935/http://www.csa.gov.et/text_files/national%20statistics%202006/Population.pdf |date=2008-10-03 }}
|-
| 16 || align=left| {{flag|Egypt}} || 75,498,000 || || {{#expr: 75498000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 2}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;|
tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 17 || align=left| {{flag|Turkey}} || 74,877,000 || || {{#expr: 74877000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 2}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 18 || align=left| {{flag|Iran}} || 71,208,000 || || {{#expr: 71208000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 2}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 19 || align=left| {{flag|France}} &lt;small&gt;(kabilang ang Pransiya sa ibayong dagat)&lt;/small&gt; || 64,102,140 || 1 Enero 2007 || {{#expr: 64102140 / 6671226000 * 100 round 2}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;|[http://www.insee.fr/fr/ffc/ipweb/ip1118/ip1118.html Opisyal na tantya nin INSEE]
|-
| 20 || align=left| {{flag|Thailand}} || 62,828,706 || 31 Disyembre 2006 || {{#expr: 62828706 / 6671226000 * 100 round 2}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;|
[https://archive.today/20121205014130/www.dopa.go.th/dopanew/pop2549.html Opisyal na taya ng Estadistika ng Thailand]&lt;!--Official Department of Provincicial Administration estimate--&gt;
|-
| 21 || align=left| {{flag|Democratic Republic of the Congo|name=Dem. Rep. of Congo}} || 62,636,000 || || {{#expr: 62636000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 2}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;|tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 22 || align=left| {{flag|United Kingdom}} || 60,587,300 || 1 Hulyo 2006 || {{#expr: 60587300 / 6671226000 * 100 round 2}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;|[http://www.statistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.asp?id=6 Opisyal na tantya nin ONS]
|-
| 23 || align=left| {{flag|Italy}} || 59,206,382 || 28 Pebrero 2007 || {{#expr: 59206382 / 6671226000 * 100 round 2}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| [http://demo.istat.it/bilmens2007gen/index.html Opisyal na taya ng Istat]{{Dead link|date=Enero 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
|-
| 24 || align=left| {{flag|Myanmar}} || 48,798,000 || || {{#expr: 48798000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 2}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 25 || align=left| {{flag|South Africa}} || 48,577,000 || || {{#expr: 48577000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 2}}% || style=&quot;font-size:75%&quot;|tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 26 || align=left| {{flag|South Korea}} || 48,512,000 ||  || {{#expr: 48512000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 2}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| [http://www.nso.go.kr Opisyal na orasan nin populasyon kan Korea]
|-
| 27 || align=left| {{flag|Ukraine}} || 46,205,000 || || {{#expr: 46205000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 2}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 28 || align=left| {{flag|Spain}} || 45,242,894 || 1 Enero 2007 || {{#expr: 45116894 / 6671226000 * 100 round 2}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;|[http://www.ine.es/prensa/np457.pdf Opisyal na tantya nin INE]
|-
| 29 || align=left| {{flag|Colombia}} || 44,049,000
 || 2 Nobyembre 2007 || {{#expr: 44049000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 2}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;|[http://www.dane.gov.co/reloj/reloj_animado.php Opisyal na orasan ng populasyon ng Colombia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114091321/http://www.dane.gov.co/reloj/reloj_animado.php |date=2012-01-14 }}
|-
| 30 || align=left| {{flag|Tanzania}} || 40,454,000 || || {{#expr: 40454000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 2}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;|tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 31 || align=left| {{flag|Argentina}} || 39,531,000
 || || {{#expr: 39531000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 2}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 32 || align=left| {{flag|Sudan}} || 38,560,000 || || {{#expr: 38560000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 2}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;|tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 33 || align=left| {{flag|Poland}} || 38,125,479 || 31 Disyembre 2006 || {{#expr: 38125479 / 6671226000 * 100 round 2}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| [https://web.archive.org/web/20071025224618/http://www.stat.gov.pl/cps/rde/xbcr/gus/PUBL_ludnosc_stan_struktura_teryt_2pol2006.pdf Opisyal na tantya nin GUS]
|-
| 34 || align=left| {{flag|Kenya}} || 37,538,000 || || {{#expr: 37538000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 2}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;|tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 35 || align=left| {{flag|Algeria}} || 33,858,000
 || || {{#expr: 33858000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 2}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;|tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon 
|-
| 36 || align=left| {{flag|Canada}} || 33,052,864 || 23 Oktubre 2007 || {{#expr: 33052864 / 66712260 round 2}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;|[http://www.statcan.ca/english/edu/clock/population.htm Opisyal na orasan nin populasyon kan  Canada] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080323075300/http://www.statcan.ca/english/edu/clock/population.htm |date=2008-03-23 }}
|-
| 37 || align=left| {{flag|Morocco}} || 31,224,000 || || {{#expr: 31224000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 2}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 38 || align=left| {{flag|Uganda}} || 30,884,000 || || {{#expr: 30884000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 2}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;|tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 39 || align=left| {{flag|Iraq}} || 28,993,000 || || {{#expr: 28993000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 2}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;|tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 40 || align=left| {{flag|Nepal}} || 28,196,000 || || {{#expr: 28196000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 2}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 41 || align=left| {{flag|Peru}} || 27,903,000 || || {{#expr: 27903000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 2}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 42 || align=left| {{flag|Venezuela}} || 27,657,000 || || {{#expr: 27657000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 2}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;|taya ng Nagkakaisang Bansa
|-
| 43 || align=left| {{flag|Uzbekistan}} || 27,372,000 || || {{#expr: 27372000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 2}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 44 || align=left| {{flag|Malaysia}} || 27,329,000 || 11 Oktubre 2007 || {{#expr: 27329000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 2}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;|[http://www.statistics.gov.my Opisyal na orasan nin populasyon kan Malaysia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080611041219/http://www.statistics.gov.my/ |date=2008-06-11 }}
|-
| 45 || align=left| {{flag|Afghanistan}} || 27,145,000
 || || {{#expr: 27145000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 2}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 46 || align=left| {{flag|Saudi Arabia}} || 24,735,000 || || {{#expr: 24735000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 2}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;|tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 47 || align=left| {{flag|North Korea}} || 23,790,000 || || {{#expr: 23790000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 2}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 48 || align=left| {{flag|Ghana}} || 23,478,000 || || {{#expr: 23478000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 2}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 49 || align=left| {{flag|Republic of China}} ([[Taiwan]])&lt;ref name=&quot;roc&quot;&gt;Binubuo ng mga grupo ng pulo sa of [[Taiwan]], ang [[Pulo ng Pescadores|Pescadores]], [[Kinmen]], [[Pulo ng Matsu|Matsu]], [[Tala ng mga pulo ng Republika ng Tsina|atbp]]&lt;/ref&gt;|| 22,925,000 || Setyembre 2007 || {{#expr: 22925000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 2}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| [http://eng.stat.gov.tw/mp.asp?mp=5 Opisyal na tantya nin Estadistika Nasyonal kan Taiwan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090425183615/http://eng.stat.gov.tw/mp.asp?mp=5 |date=2009-04-25 }}
|-
| 50 || align=left| {{flag|Yemen}} || 22,389,000 || || {{#expr: 22389000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 2}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 51 || align=left| {{flag|Romania}} || 21,438,000 || || {{#expr: 21438000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 2}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 52 || align=left| {{flag|Mozambique}} || 21,397,000 || || {{#expr: 21397000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 2}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;|tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 53 || align=left| {{flag|Australia}}&lt;ref name=&quot;aus&quot;&gt;Kabilang ang [[Pulo ng Christmas]] (1,508), [[Mga Pulo ng Cocos (Keeling)]] (628), at [[Pulo ng Norfolk]] (1,828)&lt;/ref&gt;|| 21,129,222 || 2 Nobyembre 2007 || {{#expr: 21129222 / 6671226000 * 100 round 2}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| [http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/94713ad445ff1425ca25682000192af2/1647509ef7e25faaca2568a900154b63?OpenDocument Opisyal na orasan nin populasyon kan Australia]
|-
| 54 || align=left| {{flag|Syria}} || 19,929,000 || || {{#expr: 19929000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 2}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 55 || align=left| {{flag|Madagascar}} || 19,683,000 || || {{#expr: 19683000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 2}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 56 || align=left| {{flag|Sri Lanka}} || 19,299,000 || || {{#expr: 19299000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 2}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 57 || align=left| {{flag|Côte d'Ivoire}} || 19,262,000 || || {{#expr: 19262000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 2}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 58 || align=left| {{flag|Cameroon}} || 18,549,000 || || {{#expr: 18549000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 2}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;|tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 59 || align=left| {{flag|Angola}} || 17,024,000 || || {{#expr: 17024000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 2}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;|tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 60 || align=left| {{flag|Chile}} || 16,598,074 || 30 Hunyo 2007 || {{#expr: 16598074 / 6671226000 * 100 round 2}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;|[http://www.ine.cl/canales/chile_estadistico/demografia_y_vitales/proyecciones/Informes/Microsoft%20Word%20-%20InforP_T.pdf Opisyal na tantya kan INE]
|-
| 61 || align=left| {{flag|Netherlands}} || 16,387,773 || 2 Nobyembre 2007 || {{#expr: 16384000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 2}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| [http://www.cbs.nl/en-GB/menu/themas/bevolking/cijfers/extra/bevolkingsteller.htm?languageswitch=on Opisyal na orasan nin populasyon kan Netherlands] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101222015305/http://www.cbs.nl/en-GB/menu/themas/bevolking/cijfers/extra/bevolkingsteller.htm?languageswitch=on |date=2010-12-22 }}
|-
| 62 || align=left| {{flag|Kazakhstan}} || 15,422,000 || || {{#expr: 15422000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 2}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 63 || align=left| {{flag|Burkina Faso}} || 14,784,000 || || {{#expr: 14784000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 2}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 64 || align=left| {{flag|Cambodia}} || 14,444,000 || || {{#expr: 14444000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 2}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| taya ng Nagkakaisang Bansa
|-
| 65 || align=left| {{flag|Niger}} || 14,226,000 || || {{#expr: 14226000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 2}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;|tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 66 || align=left| {{flag|Malawi}} || 13,925,000 || || {{#expr: 13925000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 2}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;|tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 67 || align=left|{{flag|Guatemala}} || 13,354,000 || || {{#expr: 13354000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 2}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;|taya ng Nagkakaisang Bansa
|-
| 68 || align=left| {{flag|Zimbabwe}} || 13,349,000 || || {{#expr: 13349000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 2}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;|tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 69 || align=left| {{flag|Ecuador}} || 13,341,000 || || {{#expr: 13341000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 2}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;|tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 70 || align=left| {{flag|Senegal}} || 12,379,000 || || {{#expr: 12379000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 2}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;|tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 71 || align=left| {{flag|Mali}} || 12,337,000 || || {{#expr: 12337000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 2}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;|tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 72 || align=left| {{flag|Zambia}} || 11,922,000 || || {{#expr: 11922000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 2}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;|tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 73 || align=left| {{flag|Cuba}} || 11,268,000 || || {{#expr: 11268000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 2}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;|tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 74 || align=left| {{flag|Greece}} || 11,147,000 || || {{#expr: 11147000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 2}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;|tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 75 || align=left| {{flag|Chad}} || 10,781,000 || || {{#expr: 10781000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 2}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 76 || align=left| {{flag|Portugal}} || 10,623,000 || || {{#expr: 10623000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 2}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;|tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 77 || align=left| {{flag|Belgium}} || 10,457,000 || || {{#expr: 10457000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 2}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;|tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 78 || align=left| {{flag|Tunisia}} || 10,327,000 || || {{#expr: 10327000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 2}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;|tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 79 || align=left| {{flag|Czech Republic}} || 10,325,900 || 30 Hunyo 2007 || {{#expr: 10325941 / 6671226000 * 100 round 2}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| [http://czso.cz/csu/csu.nsf/informace/coby092007.doc Opisyal na tantya kan ČSÚ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141115141921/http://www.czso.cz/csu/csu.nsf/informace/coby092007.doc |date=2014-11-15 }}
|-
| 80 || align=left| {{flag|Hungary}} || 10,030,000 || || {{#expr: 10030000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 2}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 81 || align=left| {{flag|Serbia}}&lt;ref&gt;Kabilang ang Kosovo&lt;/ref&gt; || 9,858,000 || || {{#expr: 9858000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 2}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 82 || align=left| {{flag|Dominican Republic}} || 9,760,000 || || {{#expr: 9760000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 2}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;|tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 83 || align=left| {{flag|Rwanda}} || 9,725,000 || || {{#expr: 9725000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 2}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;|tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 84 || align=left| {{flag|Belarus}} || 9,714,000 || dulo ng 2006|| {{#expr: 9714000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 2}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| [https://web.archive.org/web/20120920004525/http://belstat.gov.by/homep/en/indicators/population.php Opisyal na Estadistika nin Belarus]
|-
| 85 || align=left| {{flag|Haiti}} || 9,598,000 || || {{#expr: 9598000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 2}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 86 || align=left| {{flag|Bolivia}} || 9,525,000 || || {{#expr: 9525000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 2}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 87 || align=left| {{flag|Guinea}} || 9,370,000 || || {{#expr: 9370000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 2}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 88 || align=left| {{flag|Sweden}} || 9,150,000 || Hunyo 2007 || {{#expr: 9150000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 2}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| [http://www.scb.se/Pages/Product____25785.aspx Opisyal na tantya nin Estadistika kan Sweden]
|-
| 89 || align=left| {{flag|Benin}} || 9,033,000 || || {{#expr: 8971000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 2}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 90 || align=left| {{flag|Somalia}} || 8,699,000 || || {{#expr: 8699000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 2}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;|tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 91 || align=left| {{flag|Burundi}} || 8,508,000 || || {{#expr: 8508000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 2}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 92 || align=left| {{flag|Azerbaijan}} || 8,467,000 || || {{#expr: 8467000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 2}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 93 || align=left| {{flag|Austria}} || 8,316,487 || Ikatlong kwarter, 2007 || {{#expr: 8316487 / 6671226000 * 100 round 2}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| [http://www.statistik.at/web_de/statistiken/bevoelkerung/bevoelkerungsstand_jahres-_und_quartalswerte/bevoelkerung_zu_jahres-_quartalsanfang/023582.html Opisyal na tantya nin Estadistika kan Austria]
|-
| 94 || align=left| {{flag|Bulgaria}} || 7,639,000 || || {{#expr: 7639000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 2}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 95 || align=left| {{flag|Switzerland}} || 7,508,700 || 31 Disyembre 2006 || {{#expr: 7508700 / 6671226000 * 100 round 2}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| [http://www.admin.ch/aktuell/00089/index.html?lang=de&amp;msg-id=14195  Opisina nin Pederal Pang-estadistika kan Switzerland] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004215655/http://www.admin.ch/aktuell/00089/index.html?lang=de&amp;msg-id=14195 |date=2013-10-04 }}
|-
| — || align=left| ''{{flag|Hong Kong}}'' || 7,206,000 || || {{#expr: 7206000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 2}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 96 || align=left| {{flag|Israel}} || 7,197,200&lt;ref&gt;Pigura ng Nagkakaisang Bansa para sa kalagitnaan ng 2007 ay 6,967,000, na hindi kabilang ang populasyon sa Israel at West Bank.&lt;/ref&gt; || 31 Agosto 2007 || {{#expr: 7197200 / 6671226000 * 100 round 2}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;|[http://www1.cbs.gov.il/reader/?MIval=cw_usr_view_Folder&amp;ID=141 Departamento Sentral nin Estadistika kan Israel] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090528064433/http://cbs.gov.il/reader/?MIval=cw_usr_view_Folder&amp;ID=141 |date=2009-05-28 }}
|-
| 97 || align=left| {{flag|Honduras}} || 7,106,000 || || {{#expr: 7106000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 2}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 98 || align=left| {{flag|El Salvador}} || 6,857,000 || || {{#expr: 6857000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 2}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 99 || align=left| {{flag|Tajikistan}} || 6,736,000 || || {{#expr: 6736000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 2}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 100 || align=left| {{flag|Togo}} || 6,585,000 || || {{#expr: 6585000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 3}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 101 || align=left| {{flag|Papua New Guinea}} || 6,331,000 || || {{#expr: 6331000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 3}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 102 || align=left| {{flag|Libya}} || 6,160,000 || || {{#expr: 6160000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 3}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 103 || align=left| {{flag|Paraguay}} || 6,127,000 || || {{#expr: 6127000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 3}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 104 || align=left| {{flag|Jordan}} || 5,924,000 || || {{#expr: 5924000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 3}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 105 || align=left| {{flag|Sierra Leone}} || 5,866,000 || || {{#expr: 5866000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 3}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 106 || align=left| {{flag|Laos}} || 5,859,000 || || {{#expr: 5859000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 3}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| taya ng Nagkakaisang Bansa
|-
| 107 || align=left| {{flag|Nicaragua}} || 5,603,000 || || {{#expr: 5603000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 3}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 108 || align=left| {{flag|Denmark}} || 5,457,415 || 30 Hunyo 2007 || {{#expr: 5457415 / 6671226000 * 100 round 3}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| [http://www.dst.dk/Statistik/seneste/Befolkning/Folketal.aspx Opisyal na &quot;Estadistika nin Denmark&quot;]
|-
| 109 || align=left| {{flag|Slovakia}} || 5,390,000 || || {{#expr: 5390000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 3}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 110 || align=left| {{flag|Kyrgyzstan}} || 5,317,000 || || {{#expr: 5317000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 3}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 111 || align=left| {{flag|Finland}} || 5,297,300&lt;ref name=&quot;fin&quot;&gt;Kabilang ang mga pulo ng [[Åland]]&lt;/ref&gt; || 23 Oktubre 2007 || {{#expr: 5297300 / 6671226000 * 100 round 3}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| [http://www.vaestorekisterikeskus.fi/vrk/home.nsf/pages/index_eng Opisyal na orasan nin populasyon kan Finland] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090415225037/http://www.vaestorekisterikeskus.fi/vrk/home.nsf/pages/index_eng |date=2009-04-15 }}
|-
| 112 || align=left| {{flag|Turkmenistan}} || 4,965,000 || || {{#expr: 4965000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 3}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 113 || align=left| {{flag|Eritrea}} || 4,851,000 || || {{#expr: 4851000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 3}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 114 || align=left| {{flag|Norway}} || 4,722,676&lt;ref name=&quot;nor&quot;&gt;Kabilang ang [[Svalbard]] (2,701) at pulo ng [[Jan Mayen]]&lt;/ref&gt;|| 3 Nobyembre 2007 || {{#expr: 4722676 / 6671226000 * 100 round 3}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| [http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/02/befolkning_en/ Opisyal na orasan nin populasyon kan Norway]
|-
| 115 || align=left| {{flag|Croatia}} || 4,555,000 || || {{#expr: 4551000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 3}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 116 || align=left| {{flag|Costa Rica}} || 4,468,000 || || {{#expr: 4327000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 3}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 117 || align=left| {{flag|Singapore}} || 4,436,000 || || {{#expr: 4436000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 3}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 118 || align=left| {{flag|Georgia}} || 4,395,000&lt;ref name=&quot;geo&quot;&gt;Kabilang sa pigura ang [[Republika ng Abkhazia]] (216,000) at [[Timog Ossetia]] (70,000)&lt;/ref&gt;|| || {{#expr: 4395000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 3}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 119 || align=left| {{flag|United Arab Emirates}} || 4,380,000 || || {{#expr: 4380000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 3}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 120 || align=left| {{flag|Central African Republic}} || 4,343,000 || || {{#expr: 4343000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 3}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| taya ng Nagkakaisang Bansa
|-
| 121 || align=left| {{flag|Ireland}} || 4,301,000 ||  || {{#expr: 4301000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 3}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 122 || align=left| {{flag|New Zealand}} || 4,239,600 || 24 Oktubre 2007 || {{#expr: 4239600 / 6671226000 * 100 round 3}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| [http://www.stats.govt.nz/populationclock.htm Opisyal na orasan ing populasyon kan New Zealand] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070110232101/http://www.stats.govt.nz/populationclock.htm |date=2007-01-10 }}
|-
| 123 || align=left| {{flag|Lebanon}} || 4,099,000 || || {{#expr: 4099000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 3}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 124 || align=left| {{flag|Palestinian territories}} || 4,017,000 || || {{#expr: 4017000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 3}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 125 || align=left| ''{{flag|Puerto Rico}}'' || 3,991,000 || || {{#expr: 3991000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 3}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 126 || align=left| {{flag|Bosnia and Herzegovina}} || 3,935,000 || || {{#expr: 3935000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 3}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 127 || align=left| {{flag|Moldova}} || 3,794,000&lt;ref name=&quot;mol&quot;&gt;Kabilang ang [[Transnistria]] (555,347)&lt;/ref&gt; || || {{#expr: 3794000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 3}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 128 || align=left| {{flag|Republic of the Congo}} || 3,768,000 || || {{#expr: 3768000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 3}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 129 || align=left| {{flag|Liberia}} || 3,750,000 || || {{#expr: 3750000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 3}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| — || align=left| ''{{flag|Somaliland}}'' || 3,500,000 || || {{#expr: 3500000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 3}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| [http://www.somalilandgov.com/cprofile.htm Pamahalaan ng Somaliland] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120214114057/http://www.somalilandgov.com/cprofile.htm |date=2012-02-14 }}
|-
| 130 || align=left| {{flag|Lithuania}} || 3,372,400 || 1 Setyembre 2007|| {{#expr: 3372400 / 6671226000 * 100 round 3}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| [http://www.stat.gov.lt/lt/pages/view/?id=1609 Estadistika nin Lithuania] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080925174444/http://www.stat.gov.lt/lt/pages/view/?id=1609 |date=2008-09-25 }}
|-
| 131 || align=left| {{flag|Panama}} || 3,343,000 || || {{#expr: 3343000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 3}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 132 || align=left| {{flag|Uruguay}} || 3,340,000 || || {{#expr: 3340000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 3}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 133 || align=left| {{flag|Albania}} || 3,190,000 || || {{#expr: 3190000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 3}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 134 || align=left| {{flag|Mauritania}} || 3,124,000 || || {{#expr: 3124000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 3}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 135 || align=left| {{flag|Armenia}} || 3,002,000 || || {{#expr: 3002000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 3}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 136 || align=left| {{flag|Kuwait}} || 2,851,000 || || {{#expr: 2851000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 3}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 137 || align=left| {{flag|Jamaica}} || 2,714,000 || || {{#expr: 2714000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 3}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 138 || align=left| {{flag|Mongolia}} || 2,629,000 || || {{#expr: 2629000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 3}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 139 || align=left| {{flag|Oman}} || 2,595,000 || || {{#expr: 2595000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 3}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 140 || align=left| {{flag|Latvia}} || 2,277,000 || || {{#expr: 2277000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 3}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 141 || align=left| {{flag|Namibia}} || 2,074,000 || || {{#expr: 2074000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 3}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 142 || align=left| {{flag|Republic of Macedonia}} || 2,038,000 || || {{#expr: 2038000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 3}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 143 || align=left| {{flag|Slovenia}} || 2,020,000 || 23 Oktubre 2007|| {{#expr: 2020000 / 6576000000 * 100 round 3}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| [http://www.stat.si/eng/preb_ura.asp Opisyal na orasan nin populasyon kan Slovenia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100410192606/http://www.stat.si/eng/preb_ura.asp |date=2010-04-10 }}
|-
| 144 || align=left| {{flag|Lesotho}} || 2,008,000 || || {{#expr: 2008000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 3}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 145 || align=left| {{flag|Botswana}} || 1,882,000 || || {{#expr: 1882000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 3}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 146 || align=left| {{flag|Gambia}} || 1,709,000 || || {{#expr: 1709000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 3}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| taya ng Nagkakaisang Bansa
|-
| 147 || align=left| {{flag|Guinea-Bissau}} || 1,695,000 || || {{#expr: 1695000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 3}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 148 || align=left| {{flag|Estonia}} || 1,342,409 || 1 Enero 2007 || {{#expr: 1342409 / 6671226000 * 100 round 3}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| [http://www.stat.ee Estadistika ng Estonia]
|-
| 149 || align=left| {{flag|Trinidad and Tobago}} || 1,333,000 || || {{#expr: 1333000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 3}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 150 || align=left| {{flag|Gabon}} || 1,331,000 || || {{#expr: 1331000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 3}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 151 || align=left| {{flag|Mauritius}} || 1,262,000&lt;ref name=&quot;mau&quot;&gt;Kabilang ang [[Agalega]], [[Rodrigues (pulo)|Rodrigues]] at [[Cargados Carajos|St. Brandon]]&lt;/ref&gt;
 || || {{#expr: 1262000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 3}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 152 || align=left| {{flag|East Timor}} || 1,155,000 || || {{#expr: 1155000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 3}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 153 || align=left| {{flag|Swaziland}} || 1,141,000 || || {{#expr: 1141000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 3}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 154 || align=left| {{flag|Cyprus}} || 855,000&lt;ref&gt;Kaiblang ang [[Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus]] (264,172). Pinapakita ng ''[http://www.mof.gov.cy/mof/cystat/statistics.nsf/All/4E24598BFC64594AC22570BD0035F021?OpenDocument&amp;sub=1&amp;e= Statistical Institute of the Republic of Cyprus]'' ang populasyon na 749,200 (2004 na senso).&lt;/ref&gt; || || {{#expr: 835000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 3}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 155 || align=left| {{flag|Qatar}} || 841,000 || || {{#expr: 841000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 3}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 156 || align=left| {{flag|Fiji}} || 839,000 || || {{#expr: 839000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 3}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 157 || align=left| {{flag|Djibouti}} || 833,000 || || {{#expr: 833000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 3}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| — || align=left| ''{{flag|Réunion}}''&lt;ref name=overseas_France&gt;Bahagi ng Pransiya.&lt;/ref&gt; || 784,000 || 1 Enero 2006 || {{#expr: 784000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 3}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| [http://www.insee.fr/fr/recensement/nouv_recens/resultats/resultats-regionaux.htm Opisyal na tantya nin INSEE]
|-
| 158 || align=left| {{flag|Bahrain}} || 753,000 || || {{#expr: 753000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 3}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 159 || align=left| {{flag|Guyana}} || 738,000 || || {{#expr: 738000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 3}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 160 || align=left| {{flag|Comoros}} || 682,000&lt;ref name=&quot;com&quot;&gt;Hindi kabilang ang pulo ng [[Mayotte]]. Ang taya ng Nagkakaisang Bansa ay 839,000 (kabilang ang Mayotte)&lt;/ref&gt; || Hulyo 2007 || {{#expr: 682000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 3}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| [https://web.archive.org/web/20130412230238/http://world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=&amp;men=gadm&amp;lng=en&amp;dat=32&amp;geo=-116&amp;srt=npan&amp;col=aohdq tantya nin World Gazetteer]
|-
| 161 || align=left| {{flag|Bhutan}} || 658,000 || || {{#expr: 658000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 3}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 162 || align=left| {{flag|Montenegro}} || 598,000 || || {{#expr: 598000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 3}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| — || align=left| ''{{flag|Transnistria}}'' || 555,347 || || {{#expr: 555347 / 6671226000 * 100 round 3}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| [http://pridnestrovie.net/2004census.html Websayt nin gobyerno Pridnestrivie] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070217072904/http://www.pridnestrovie.net/2004census.html |date=2007-02-17 }}
|-
| 163 || align=left| {{flag|Cape Verde}} || 530,000 || || {{#expr: 530000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 3}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 164 || align=left| {{flag|Equatorial Guinea}} || 507,000 || || {{#expr: 507000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 3}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 165 || align=left| {{flag|Solomon Islands}} || 496,000 || || {{#expr: 478000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 3}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| — || align=left| ''{{flag|Macau}}'' || 481,000 || || {{#expr: 481000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 3}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 166 || align=left| {{flag|Western Sahara}} || 480,000 || || {{#expr: 480000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 3}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 167 || align=left| {{flag|Luxembourg}} || 467,000 || || {{#expr: 467000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 3}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 168 || align=left| {{flag|Suriname}} || 458,000 || || {{#expr: 458000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 3}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 169 || align=left| {{flag|Malta}} || 407,000 || || {{#expr: 407000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 3}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| — || align=left| ''{{flag|Guadeloupe}}''&lt;ref name=overseas_France /&gt; || 405,000 || 1 Enero 2006 || {{#expr: 405000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 3}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin INSEE na ini-ina' an St Martin asin St Bath.
|-
| — || align=left| ''{{flag|Martinique}}''&lt;ref name=overseas_France /&gt; || 399,000 || 1 Enero 2006 || {{#expr: 399000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 3}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| [http://www.insee.fr/fr/recensement/nouv_recens/resultats/resultats-regionaux.htm Opisyal na tantya nin INSEE]
|-
| 170 || align=left| {{flag|Brunei}} || 390,000 || || {{#expr: 390000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 3}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 171 || align=left| {{flag|Bahamas}} || 331,000 || || {{#expr: 331000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 3}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 172 || align=left| {{flag|Iceland}} || 312,851 || 1 Oktubre 2007 || {{#expr: 309699 / 6671226000 * 100 round 3}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| [http://www.hagstofa.is Hagstofa Íslands]
|-
| 173 || align=left| {{flag|Maldives}} || 306,000 || || {{#expr: 306000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 3}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 174 || align=left| {{flag|Barbados}} || 294,000 || || {{#expr: 294000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 3}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 175 || align=left| {{flag|Belize}} || 288,000 || || {{#expr: 288000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 3}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| — || align=left| ''{{flag|French Polynesia}}''&lt;ref name=overseas_France /&gt; || 259,800 || 1 Enero 2007 || {{#expr: 259800 / 6671226000 * 100 round 3}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| [http://www.ispf.pf/(gncyyl55zqlbvrrunb311gf4)/stat/demo/fr/defaut.htm#myBody Opisyal na tantya nin ISPF] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927141551/http://www.ispf.pf/(gncyyl55zqlbvrrunb311gf4)/stat/demo/fr/defaut.htm#myBody |date=2007-09-27 }}
|-
| — || align=left| ''{{flag|New Caledonia}}''&lt;ref name=overseas_France /&gt; || 240,390 || 1 Enero 2007 || {{#expr: 240390 / 6671226000 * 100 round 3}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| [http://www.isee.nc/pe/bilan2006/be-demographie.pdf Opisyal na tantya nin INSEE] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071124204306/http://www.isee.nc/pe/bilan2006/be-demographie.pdf |date=2007-11-24 }}
|-
| 176 || align=left| {{flag|Vanuatu}} || 226,000 || || {{#expr: 226000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 3}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| — || align=left| ''{{flag|French Guiana}}''&lt;ref name=overseas_France /&gt; || 202,000 || 1 Enero 2006 || {{#expr: 202000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 3}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| [http://www.insee.fr/fr/recensement/nouv_recens/resultats/resultats-regionaux.htm Opisyal na tantya nin INSEE]
|-
| 177 || align=left| ''{{flag|Netherlands Antilles}}'' || 192,000 || || {{#expr: 192000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 3}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 178 || align=left| {{flag|Samoa}} || 187,000 || || {{#expr: 187000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 3}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| — || align=left| ''{{flag|Mayotte}}''&lt;ref name=overseas_France /&gt; || 182,000 || 1 Enero 2006 || {{#expr: 182000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 3}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;|Tantya batay sa ultimong senso nin INSEE.
|-
| 179 || align=left| ''{{flag|Guam}}'' || 173,000 || || {{#expr: 173000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 3}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 180 || align=left| {{flag|Saint Lucia}} || 165,000 || || {{#expr: 165000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 3}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 181 || align=left| {{flag|São Tomé and Príncipe}} || 158,000 || || {{#expr: 158000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 3}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 182 || align=left| {{flag|Saint Vincent and the Grenadines}} || 120,000 || || {{#expr: 120000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 3}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 183 || align=left| ''{{flag|U.S. Virgin Islands}}'' || 111,000 || || {{#expr: 111000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 3}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 184 || align=left| {{flag|Federated States of Micronesia}} || 111,000 || || {{#expr: 111000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 3}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 185 || align=left| {{flag|Grenada}} || 106,000 || || {{#expr: 106000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 3}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 186 || align=left| ''{{flag|Aruba}}'' || 104,000 || || {{#expr: 104000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 3}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 187 || align=left| {{flag|Tonga}} || 100,000 || || {{#expr: 100000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 3}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 188 || align=left| {{flag|Kiribati}} || 95,000 || || {{#expr: 95000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 3}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 189 || align=left| ''{{flag|Jersey}}'' || 88,200 || || {{#expr: 88200 / 6671226000 * 100 round 3}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| [http://www.gov.je/NR/rdonlyres/D31B33E0-BAB7-4FAC-9D7F-743B3FDB8A50/0/JIF2006.pdf Yunit nin Estadistika nin mga Estado kan Jersey]{{Dead link|date=Enero 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
|-
| 190 || align=left| {{flag|Seychelles}} || 87,000 || || {{#expr: 87000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 3}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 191 || align=left| {{flag|Antigua and Barbuda}} || 85,000 || || {{#expr: 85000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 3}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 192 || align=left| ''{{flag|Northern Mariana Islands}}'' || 84,000 || || {{#expr: 84000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 3}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 193 || align=left| {{flag|Andorra}} || 81,200 ||31 Disyembre 2006 || {{#expr: 81200 / 6671226000 * 100 round 3}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| [http://www.estadistica.ad/deepublicacions.htm#0002 Andorra Servei d’Estudis] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080311081000/http://www.estadistica.ad/deepublicacions.htm#0002 |date=2008-03-11 }}
|-
| 194 || align=left| ''{{flag|Isle of Man}}'' || 79,000 || || {{#expr: 79000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 3}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 195 || align=left| {{flag|Dominica}} || 67,000 || || {{#expr: 67000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 3}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 196 || align=left| ''{{flag|American Samoa}}'' || 67,000 || || {{#expr: 67000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 3}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 197 || align=left| ''{{flag|Guernsey}}'' || 65,573 || || {{#expr: 65573 / 6671226000 * 100 round 3}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/print/gk.html World Fact Book, 2007] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081115075758/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/print/gk.html |date=2008-11-15 }}
|-
| 198 || align=left| ''{{flag|Bermuda}}'' || 65,000 || || {{#expr: 65000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 3}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 199 || align=left| {{flag|Marshall Islands}} || 59,000 || || {{#expr: 59000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 3}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 200 || align=left| ''{{flag|Greenland}}'' || 58,000 || || {{#expr: 58000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 3}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 201 || align=left| {{flag|Saint Kitts and Nevis}} || 50,000 || || {{#expr: 50000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 3}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 202 || align=left| ''{{flag|Faroe Islands}}'' || 48,455 || 1 Hunyo 2007 || {{#expr: 48455 / 6671226000 * 100 round 3}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| [http://www.hagstova.fo/portal/page?_pageid=33,316936&amp;_dad=portal&amp;_schema=PORTAL Opisyal na estadistika nin isla nin Faroeds] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011151350/http://www.hagstova.fo/portal/page?_pageid=33%2C316936&amp;_dad=portal&amp;_schema=PORTAL |date=2007-10-11 }}
|-
| 203 || align=left| ''{{flag|Cayman Islands}}'' || 47,000 || || {{#expr: 47000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 3}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 204 || align=left| {{flag|Liechtenstein}} || 35,000 || || {{#expr: 35000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 4}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| — || align=left| ''{{flag|Saint-Martin}}''&lt;ref name=overseas_France /&gt; || 33,102 || Oktubre 2004 || {{#expr: 33102 / 6671226000 * 100 round 4}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| Suplementaryong senso kan Oktubre 2004.
|-
| 205 || align=left| {{flag|Monaco}} || 33,000 || || {{#expr: 33000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 4}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 206 || align=left| {{flag|San Marino}} || 31,000 || || {{#expr: 31000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 4}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 207 || align=left| ''{{flag|Gibraltar}}'' || 29,000 || || {{#expr: 29000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 4}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 208 || align=left| ''{{flag|Turks and Caicos Islands}}'' || 26,000 || || {{#expr: 26000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 4}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 209 || align=left| ''{{flag|British Virgin Islands}}'' || 23,000 || || {{#expr: 23000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 4}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 210 || align=left| {{flag|Palau}} || 20,000 || || {{#expr: 20000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 4}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| — || align=left| ''{{flag|Wallis and Futuna}}''&lt;ref name=overseas_France /&gt; || 15,000 || Hulyo 2007 || {{#expr: 15000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 4}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 211 || align=left| ''{{flag|Cook Islands}}'' || 13,000 || || {{#expr: 13000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 4}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 212 || align=left| ''{{flag|Anguilla}}'' || 13,000 || || {{#expr: 13000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 4}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 213 || align=left| {{flag|Tuvalu}} || 11,000 || || {{#expr: 11000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 4}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 214 || align=left| {{flag|Nauru}} || 10,000 || || {{#expr: 10000 / 6671226000 * 100 round 4}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| — || align=left| ''{{flag|Saint-Barthélemy}}''&lt;ref name=overseas_France /&gt; || 6,852 || Marso 1999 || {{#expr: 6852 / 6671226000 * 100 round 4}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| [http://www.recensement.insee.fr/RP99/rp99/wr_demopage.affiche?p_id_nivgeo=C&amp;p_id_loca=9A123&amp;p_id_princ=E_DEMO&amp;p_theme=ALL&amp;p_typeprod=ALL&amp;p_langue=FR Senso noong Marso 1999]
|-
| 215 || align=left| ''{{flag|Saint Helena}}'' || 6,600&lt;ref name=&quot;sh&quot;&gt;Kabilang ang [[Pulo ng Ascension|Ascension]] at [[Tristan da Cunha]]&lt;/ref&gt; || || {{#expr: 6600 / 6671226000 * 100 round 4}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| — || align=left| ''{{flag|Saint-Pierre and Miquelon}}''&lt;ref name=overseas_France /&gt; || 6,125 || Enero 2006 || {{#expr: 6125 / 6671226000 * 100 round 4}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| [http://www.insee.fr/fr/recensement/nouv_recens/resultats/repartition/comd975.htm?numdep=975&amp;x=18&amp;y=13 Senso kan Enero 2006]
|-
| 216 || align=left| ''{{flag|Montserrat}}'' || 5,900 || || {{#expr: 5900 / 6671226000 * 100 round 4}}% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 217 || align=left| ''{{flag|Falkland Islands}}'' || 3,000 || || 0.00005% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 218 || align=left| ''{{flag|Niue}}'' || 1,600 || || 0.00003% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 219 || align=left| ''{{flag|Tokelau}}'' || 1,400 || || 0.00003% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 220 || align=left| {{flag|Vatican City}} || 800 || || 0.00002% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| 221 || align=left| ''{{flag|Pitcairn Islands}}'' || 50 || || 0.000001% || style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|-
| — ||align=left| {{flagicon|World}} [[Daigdig]] || '''6,671,226,000'''|| 1 Hulyo 2007|| '''100%'''||style=&quot;font-size: 75%&quot;| tantya nin Nagkasararong mga Nasyon
|}

== Tingnan din ==
* [[Lista nin mga Nasyon]]
* [[Lista nin mga Nasyon susog sa densidad nin populasyon]]
* [[Lista nin mga nasyon batay sa GDP (PPP) bawat kapita]]

== Toltolan ==
{{Reflist}}

== Mga panluwas na takod ==

Mga takod sa tataramon na Ingles:
* ''[http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/WPP2004/WPP2004_Volume3.htm United Nations Analytical Report for the 2004 revision of World Population Prospects] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180815065906/http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/WPP2004/WPP2004_Volume3.htm |date=2018-08-15 }}'' - kabilang ang detalye sa kaparaanan at mga pinagmulan na ginamit para sa pagtataya ng populasyon sa itaas.
* [http://www.os-connect.com/pop/p2a.asp?whichpage=1&amp;pagesize=20&amp;sort=2050 Mga orasan ng populasyon at tinayang mga tsart ng paglago para sa lahat ng mga bansa] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928014347/http://www.os-connect.com/pop/p2a.asp?whichpage=1&amp;pagesize=20&amp;sort=2050 |date=2007-09-28 }}

[[Kategorya:Populasyon]]
[[Kategorya:Lista nin mga nasyon]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Meliaceae</title>
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      <text bytes="4269" sha1="chtdkkle5xqwe7ubwh6ix7i5iv8ino4" xml:space="preserve">{{Automatic taxobox
| fossil_range = {{fossil range|Campanian|Recent}}
| image = Chinaberry1216.JPG
| image_caption = ''[[Melia azedarach]]'' in flower
| taxon = Meliaceae
| authority = [[Antoine Laurent de Jussieu|Juss.]]&lt;ref name=APGIII2009&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Angiosperm Phylogeny Group |year=2009 |title=An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III |journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=161 |issue=2 |pages=105–121 |doi=10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x |doi-access=free |hdl=10654/18083 |hdl-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| subdivision_ranks = Subfamilies
| subdivision = *[[#subfamily Cedreloideae|Cedreloideae]]
*[[#subfamily Melioideae|Melioideae]]
}}
An '''Meliaceae''', an pamilya nin mahogany, sarong pamilya nin [[namumurak na mga tinanom]] na kadaklan mga kahoy asin mga doot (asin nagkapirang mga tinanom na herbaceous, mga bakawan) sa orden nin [[Sapindales]].

An mga ini nabibisto sa paagi nin alternatibo, parati pinnate na mga dahon na mayong mga stipule, asin sa paagi nin mga syncarpous, na garo baga bisexual (alagad sa totoo kadaklan cryptically unisexual) na mga burak na namumundag sa mga panicles, cymes, spikes o clusters. An kadaklan na species evergreen, alagad an iba nahuhulog, magsalang sa panahon nin tagmara o sa tiglipot.

Kabali sa pamilya an mga 53 genera asin mga 600 na bistadong species,&lt;ref name=&quot;Christenhusz-Byng2016&quot;&gt;{{cite journal | author1 = Christenhusz, M. J. M. | author2 = Byng, J. W. | year = 2016 | title = The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase | journal = Phytotaxa | volume = 261 | pages = 201–217 | url = http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/download/phytotaxa.261.3.1/20598 | doi = 10.11646/phytotaxa.261.3.1 | issue = 3 | doi-access = free | access-date = 2016-07-14 | archive-date = 2016-07-29 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160729085754/http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/download/phytotaxa.261.3.1/20598 | url-status = live }}&lt;/ref&gt; na may pantropikal na distribusyon; an sarong genus (''[[Toona]]'') minaabot sa amihanan pasiring sa temperadong Tsina asin timog pasiring sa timog-sirangan na Australia, an saro pa (''[[Synoum]]'') pasiring sa sur-subangan na Australia, asin an saro pa (''[[Melia]]'') haros sagkod sa amihanan. An mga ini parateng nagtatalubo bilang mga kahoy sa irarom kan mga kahoy sa mga rainforest, alagad makukua man sa mga bakawan asin mga lugar na alang.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last1=Heywood|first1=V.H.|title=Flowering Plant Families of the World|last2=Brummitt|first2=R.K.|last3=Culham|first3=A.|last4=Seberg|first4=O.|publisher=Firefly Books|year=2007|isbn=9781842461655|location=Ontario, Canada|pages=207}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Mga genus==
{|  border=&quot;0&quot;  
|  valign=&quot;top&quot; | 
* ''[[Aglaia (tinanom)|Aglaia]]'' 
* ''[[Anthocarapa]]''
* ''[[Aphanamixis]]''
* ''[[Astrotrichilia]]''
* ''[[Azadirachta]]''
* ''[[Cabralea]]''
* ''[[Calodecarya]]''
* ''[[Capuronianthus]]''
* ''[[Carapa]]''
* ''[[Cedrela]]''
* ''[[Chisocheton]]''
* ''[[Chukrasia]]''
* ''[[Cipadessa]]''
* ''[[Dysoxylum]]''
* ''[[Ekebergia]]''
* ''[[Entandrophragma]]''
* ''[[Guarea]]''
* ''[[Heckeldora]]''
* ''[[Humbertioturraea]]''
* ''[[Khaya]]''
* ''[[Lansium]]''
* ''[[Lepidotrichilia]]''
* ''[[Lovoa]]''
* ''[[Malleastrum]]''
* ''[[Melia (tinanom)|Melia]]''
|  valign=&quot;top&quot; | 
* ''[[Munronia]]''
* ''[[Naregamia]]''
* ''[[Neobeguea]]''
* ''[[Owenia (tinanom)|Owenia]]''
* ''[[Pseudobersama]]''
* ''[[Pseudocarapa]]''
* ''[[Pseudocedrela]]''
* ''[[Pterorhachis]]''
* ''[[Reinwardtiodendron]]''
* ''[[Ruagea]]''
* ''[[Sandoricum]]''
* ''[[Schmardaea]]''
* ''[[Soymida]]''
* ''[[Sphaerosacme]]''
* ''[[Swietenia]]''
* ''[[Synoum]]''
* ''[[Toona]]''
* ''[[Trichilia]]''
* ''[[Turraea]]''
* ''[[Turraeanthus]]''
* ''[[Vavaea]]''
* ''[[Walsura]]''
* ''[[Xylocarpus]]''
|}

==Toltolan==
{{reflist}}
{{stub}}

== Panluwas na takod ==
{{Commons category|Meliaceae}}

* [http://delta-intkey.com/angio/www/meliacea.htm Meliaceae] in [https://web.archive.org/web/20070103200438/http://delta-intkey.com/angio/ L. Watson and M.J. Dallwitz (1992 onwards). The families of flowering plants.]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070929163235/http://www.mahoganyforthefuture.org/projectmeliaceae/ Project Meliaceae]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Kampanya sa Filipinas (1941–1942)</title>
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      <text bytes="116748" sha1="c8uztkdpo5406kwtr7zov4av0kcna5o" xml:space="preserve">{{Short description|Pagsalakay kan Hapon sa Filipinas kan Ikaduwang Gerang Pankinaban}}
{{For|kampanya kan mga Alyado laban sa mga Hapon sa Filipinas kan 1944–1945|kampanya sa Filipinas (1944–1945)}}
{{Infobox iwal nin militar
| conflict          = Labanan sa Filipinas 
| image             = [[file:Ww2 131.jpg|300px|]]
| image_size        = 300px
| caption           = An detalye kan lubong kan mga preso sa gera na Amerikano asin Pilipino naggagamit nin mga improvised litters tanganing darahon an mga nagadan na kairiba sa [[Camp O'Donnell]], Capas, Tarlac, 1942, kasunod kan [[Martsa nin Kagadanan sa Bataan]].
| partof            = [[Teatro sa Pasipiko kan Ikaduwang Gerang Pankinaban]]
| date              = [[Pagsalakay kan mga Hapon sa Isla nin Batan|8 Disyembre 1941]] – [[Labanan sa Corregidor|8 Mayo 1942]]
| place             = [[Komonwelt kan Filipinas]]
| result            = Kapangganahan kan Hapon
| territory         = [[Pagsakop kan mga Hapon sa Filipinas]]
| map_type          = 
| map_relief        = 
| map_size          = 
| map_marksize      = 
| map_caption       = 
| map_label         = 
| combatant1        = {{flagcountry|Imperyo kan Hapon}}
| combatant2        = {{flag|Estados Unidos|1912}}
* {{flag|Komonwelt kan Filipinas|nameKomonwelt kan Filipinas}}
| commander1        = {{flagdeco|Imperyo kan Hapon|army}} [[Masaharu Homma]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagdeco|Imperyo kan Hapon|army}} [[Hideyoshi Obata]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagdeco|Imperyo kan Hapon|naval}} [[Ibō Takahashi]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagdeco|Imperyo kan Hapon|naval}} [[Nishizō Tsukahara]]
| commander2        = {{flagdeco|USA|1912}} [[Douglas MacArthur]]&lt;br /&gt;{{nowrap|{{flagdeco|USA|1912}} [[Jonathan M. Wainwright (heneral)|Jonathan Wainwright]]{{Surrendered}}}}&lt;br /&gt;{{flagdeco|USA|1912}} [[George M. Parker (heneral)|George Parker]]{{Surrendered}}&lt;br /&gt;{{flagdeco|Komonwelt kan Filipinas}} [[Manuel L. Quezon]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagdeco|Komonwelt kan Filipinas}} [[Basilio J. Valdes]]
| strength1         = 129,435 na mga tropa&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.history.army.mil/books/wwii/MacArthur%20Reports/MacArthur%20V1/Images/p_002.jpg Reports of General MacArthur] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120930001154/http://www.history.army.mil/books/wwii/MacArthur%20Reports/MacArthur%20V1/Images/p_002.jpg |date=September 30, 2012 }} Order of Battle plate. An total kabali an gabos na elemento kan mga dibisyon na itinalaga sa ika-14 na Hokbo sa sarong punto kan kampanya, asin mga kasalida. An pinakahalangkaw na kusog kan mga pwersa sa daga kan Hapon mga 100,000. An total dai kabali an 12000+ na mga tauhan kan pwersa aerea kan Army, na an mga total nabawasan nin grabe pagkatapos kan Enero 1, 1942.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;90 na mga tangke&lt;br /&gt;541 na eroplano
| strength2         = 151,000 na mga tropa&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.history.army.mil/books/wwii/5-2/5-2_2.htm#p25 An pagbagsak kan Filipinas] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120217093142/http://www.history.army.mil/books/wwii/5-2/5-2_2.htm#p25 |date=February 17, 2012 }} p. 18. An Hokbo kan Filipinas uminabot sa 120,000 asin an Hokbo kan Estados Unidos 31,000.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;108 na mga [[M3 Stuart|tangke]]&lt;ref name=&quot;The Fall of the Philippines&quot;&gt;[http://www.history.army.mil/books/wwii/5-2/5-2_3.htm#p32 ''The Fall of the Philippines''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191216002431/https://history.army.mil/books/wwii/5-2/5-2_3.htm#p32 |date=December 16, 2019 }}, p. 33.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;277 na eroplano&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.history.army.mil/books/wwii/5-2/5-2_3.htm#p32 ''The Fall of the Philippines''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191216002431/https://history.army.mil/books/wwii/5-2/5-2_3.htm#p32 |date=December 16, 2019 }}, p. 42. Kabali sa kabilugan an 175 na mga parapakilaban asin 74 na mga parabomba.&lt;/ref&gt;
| casualties1       = Pinaghalian sa Hapon:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |title=[[Senshi Sōsho]] |date=1966 |publisher=Asagumo Shimbunsha |volume=2 |language=ja |script-title=ja:戦史叢書}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;'''11,225'''
* 4,130 an nagadan
* 287 an nawawara
* 6,808 an nalugadan
----
Tantya kan Estados Unidos:&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |date=October 3, 2003 |title=Philippine Islands |url=http://www.history.army.mil/brochures/pi/PI.htm |publisher=Center of Military History, U.S. Army |page=19 |quote=Poon 6 Enero an mga Hapon nagtios nin 7,000 na kaswalti sa ralaban, na may 10,000 sagkod 12,000 pang mga lalaki na nagadan sa helang.|access-date=February 19, 2009 |archive-date=May 23, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110523005633/http://www.history.army.mil/brochures/pi/PI.htm |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;'''17,000–19,000'''
* 7,000 an nagadan or an nalugadan
* 10,000–12,000 na nagadan kan helang
| casualties2       = '''146,000'''&lt;ref&gt;Life Magazine gives a total of 36,583 US/Filipino troops an nadakop 9 April 1942 {{Cite magazine |date=July 6, 1942 |title=&quot;an nawawara in Action&quot;: With 66 Boys Lost on Bataan, the People of Harrodsburg, Ky. Pay Their Price for Freedom |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=400EAAAAMBAJ |magazine=Life |page=15 |via=Google Books}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 25,000 an nagadan (Kabali digdi an 13,847 na mga tauhan militar kan Amerika){{Sfn|''U.S. Army Casualties in World War II''|1953|p=95}} 
* 21,000 an nalugadan
* 100,000 an nadakop
| campaignbox       = {{Campaignbox Filipinas 1941–1942}}
{{Campaignbox Pasipiko 1941}}
{{Campaignbox Habagatan kan Sulnopan na Pasipiko}}
{{Campaignbox Teatro sa Habagatan kan Sulnopan na Pasipiko}}
}}
An '''Kampanya sa Filipinas''',&lt;ref&gt;({{langx|fil|Kampanya sa Pilipinas}}, {{langx|es|Campaña en las Filipinas del Ejercito Japonés}}, {{langx|ja|フィリピンの戦い|Firipin no Tatakai}})&lt;/ref&gt; midbid man sa apod na '''Labanan sa Filipinas''' ({{langx|fil|Labanan sa Pilipinas}}) o 
'''Pagbagsak kan Filipinas''', iyo an pagsakyada kan [[Imperyo kan Hapon]] kadtong [[Gubat sa Pasipiko|Teatro sa Pasipiko]] kan [[Ikaduwang Gerang Pankinaban]]. An operasyon sa pagsakop kan mga isla, na pigdepensahan kan Hokbo kan Estados Unidos asin Filipinas, may katuyuhan na malikayan an pakikiaram sa pagpahiwas kan Hapon sa Habagatan-subangan na Asya.

Kan 8 Disyembre 1941, nagkapirang oras pagkatapos kan [[pag-atake sa Pearl Harbor]], an mga eroplanong Hapon nagpoon na magbomba sa mga pwersa kan Estados Unidos sa Filipinas, kabali an [[Pag-atake sa Clark Field|eroplano sa Clark Field]] harani sa kabisera kan [[Manila]] sa isla kan [[Luzon]]. An mga pagduong kan mga Hapon sa amihanan na Luzon nagpoon duwang aldaw pakalihis, asin sinundan kan 22 Disyembre kan [[pagsakyada kan mga Hapon sa Lingayen Gulf|mga mayor na pagduong kan mga Hapon sa Golpo nin Lingayen]] asin [[pagsakyada kan mga Hapon sa Sola nin Lamon|Sola nin Lamon]] kan Ika-14 na Hokbo kan Hapon sa irarom ni [[Masaharu Homma]]. An depensa kan Filipinas pinangenotan ni [[Douglas MacArthur]], na nagsugo sa saiyang mga [[botolan|soldados]] na ibakwar an Manila pasiring sa [[Bataan|Rawis nin Bataan]] bago an pag-abante kan mga Hapon. Nasakop kan mga tropang Hapon an Manila kan 7 Enero 1942, asin pakatapos kan saindang pagkabigo na [[Labanan sa Bataan|maglaog sa depensa kan Bataan]] kan amay na Pebrero, nagpoon an sarong 40-aldaw na pagsalikop, na pinangyari kan sarong bagaak nin hokbong-dagat kan mga isla. An mga tropa kan Estados Unidos asin Filipinas sa Bataan sa kahurihurihi nagsuko kan 9 Abril asin dangan ipinasairarom sa [[Martsa nin Kagadanan sa Bataan]], na tinandaan kan mga atrosidad asin maltrato kan mga Hapon.

An kampanya tanganing masakop an Filipinas mas halawig pa kisa sa plano kan mga Hapon, na kan amay na parte kan Enero 1942 nagdesisyon na iabante an saindang iskedyul kan [[Kampanya sa Dutch East Indies|mga operasyon sa Borneo asin Indonesya]] asin ibawi an saindang pinakamarahay na dibisyon asin an kadaklan kan saindang pwersa sa eroplano.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.history.army.mil/books/wwii/MacArthur%20Reports/MacArthur%20V2%20P1/ch6.htm#p103 ''Japanese Operations in the Southwest Pacific Area – Reports of General MacArthur Volume II''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110523005338/http://www.history.army.mil/books/wwii/MacArthur%20Reports/MacArthur%20V2%20P1/ch6.htm#p103 |date=May 23, 2011 }}, p. 104.&lt;/ref&gt; Ini, kaiba an desisyon ni MacArthur na iatras an mga pwersa kan Estados Unidos asin Filipinas pasiring sa Bataan, nagpangyari sa mga paradepensa na magdanay sa laog nin tolong bulan. An pantalan asin mga pasilidad sa pantalan kan [[Sola nin Manila]] dai itinao sa mga Hapon sagkod sa [[Labanan sa Corregidor|pagsakop kan Isla nin Corregidor]] kan ika-6 nin Mayo. Mantang an mga opensibong operasyon sa [[Dutch East Indies]] dai naapektaran, ini nakaulang na gayo sa mga operasyon sa [[Kampanya sa Bagong Guinea|Bagong Guinea]] asin sa [[Kampanya sa mga Isla nin Solomon|Solomon Islands]], na nagbabakal nin panahon para sa [[Hokbong-dagat kan Estados Unidos|U.S. Navy]] na magplano na makipaglaban sa mga Hapon sa [[Kampanya sa Guadalcanal|Guadalcanal]] imbes na mas harayo pa sa sirangan.{{sfn|Morton|1960}}

An pagsakop kan Hapon sa Filipinas parateng pigkokonsiderar na pinakagrabeng pagkadaog nin militar sa kasaysayan kan Estados Unidos.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;War in the Pacific: The First Year&quot;, https://www.nps.gov/parkhistory/online_books/npswapa/extContent/wapa/guides/first/sec2.htm. Retrieved May 4, 2016&lt;/ref&gt; Mga 23,000 na mga tawuhan kan militar kan Estados Unidos asin mga 100,000 na mga soldados na Pilipino an nagadan o nadakop.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;American Prisoners of War in the Philippines,&quot; Office of the Provost Marshal, November 19, 1945, http://www.mansell.com/pow_resources/camplists/philippines/pows_in_pi-OPMG_report.html. Retrieved May 4, 2016&lt;/ref&gt;

==Panlikod na impormasyon==
{{Further|Kasaysayan militar kan Filipinas kan Ikaduwang Gerang Pankinaban}}

===Aktibidad kan mga Hapon===

====Mga Obhetibo====
An mga Hapon nagplano na sakopon an Filipinas bilang parte kan saindang plano para sa sarong &quot;Greater East Asia War&quot; kun saen an saindang Southern Expeditionary Army Group nag-agaw nin mga pinagkukuanan nin hilaw na materyales sa Malaya asin sa Netherlands East Indies mantang an Pinagsararong Armada nagneutral kan Armada sa Pasipiko kan Estados Unidos. Limang taon bago kaini, kan 1936, si Kapitan Ishikawa Shingo, sarong hard-liner sa Hokbong-dagat kan Imperyal na Hapon, naglibot sa Filipinas asin iba pang parte kan Habagatan-subangan na Asya, na nagtala na an mga nasyon na ini igwa nin mga hilaw na materyales na kaipuhan kan Hapon para sa mga armadong pwersa kaini.{{sfn|Nish|2002|p=112}} Nakatabang ini na orog pang mapalangkaw an saindang kamawotan sa pagkolonya kan Filipinas.

An Southern Expeditionary Army pigmukna kan 6 Nobyembre 1941, na pinangenotan ni Heneral [[Hisaichi Terauchi]], na dati nang ministro nin gera. Ini pinagbotan na mag-andam para sa gera sa pangyayari na an mga negosasyon sa Estados Unidos dai magin mapanggana sa matoninong na pag-abot sa mga obheto kan Hapon. Ilinaog man ninda an kondisyon kan pag-ako kan Amerika kan saindang posisyon sa Pasipiko bilang sarong superyor na pwersa, na may testamento kan saindang pagsakop sa Tsina, alagad dai ninda nakua an saindang gusto.{{sfn|Nish|2002|p=162}} Sa irarom kan pagboot ni Terauchi igwa nin apat na hukbo na katumbas kan korpo, na binibilog nin sampulong dibisyon asin tolong pinagsararong mga brigada kan Hapon, kaiba an mga brigada kan Hapon Ika-14 na Hokbo kan Lugar. An mga operasyon laban sa Filipinas asin Malaya dapat na gibohon nin sarabay kun an Imperyal Heneral na Headquarters magboot.

An pagsalakay sa Filipinas may apat na obheto:&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Paine|first=Sarah|title=The Japanese Empire: Grand Strategy from the Meiji Restoration to the Pacific War|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2017|page=157}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{sfn|Nish|2002|p=162}}
* Tanganing pugulan an paggamit kan Pilipinas bilang abanteng base nin mga operasyon kan pwersa kan Amerika
* Magkua nin mga lugar nin pag-istaran asin mga base nin suplay tanganing mapakarhay an mga operasyon laban sa Dutch East Indies asin [[Guam]]
* Tanganing maseguro an mga linya nin komunikasyon sa pag-oltanan kan mga lugar na sinakop sa habagatan asin kan [[arkipelago kan Hapon|Mga Isla na Iniirukan kan Hapon]].
* Tanganing limitaran an interbensyon kan mga Alyado kun sinda nagpoprobar na maglansar nin sarong opensibong kampanya sa Australia asin sa [[Solomon Islands]] sa paagi nin pagpadara kan gabos na pwersa na nakadestino sa nasyon asin iba pang kataraid na nasyon.

====Mga pwersa nin pagsakyada====
[[File:Advance Japanese Landings Dec 1941.jpg|thumb|300 px|Pag-abante kan pagduong kan mga Hapon sa Filipinas 8–20 Disyembre 1941]]
Itinao ni Terauchi an pagsakyada kan Filipinas sa ika-14 na Hokbo, sa irarom kan pamamayo ni Tenyente Heneral [[Masaharu Homma]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Chun&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Chun |first=Clayton K. S. |title=The Fall of the Philippines, 1941–42 |date=2012 |publisher=Osprey Publishing |isbn=978-1-84908-609-7 |location=Oxford}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{rp|14,20}} An suporta sa eroplano kan mga operasyon sa daga itinao kan 5th Air Group, sa irarom ni Lieutenant General [[Hideyoshi Obata]], &lt;ref name=Chun/&gt;{{rp|21}} na ibinalyo sa Formosa gikan sa [[Manchuria]]. An amphibious invasion ginibo kan Philippines Force sa irarom kan Bise Admiral [[Ibō Takahashi]], gamit an [[Third Fleet (Imperial Japanese Navy)|Third Fleet]],&lt;ref name=Chun/&gt;{{rp|21}} na suportado kan eroplanong nakabase sa daga kan ika-11 na Air Fleet ni Vice Admiral [[Nishizo Tsukahara]].

An ika-14 na Hokbo igwa nin duwang enot na linyang dibisyon nin infantry, an [[16th Division (Imperial Japanese Army)|ika-16]] (Susumu Morioka) asin [[48th Division (Imperial Japanese Army)|48th Divisions]] ([[Yuitsu Tsuchihashi]]), tanganing sakyadahon asin sakupon an Luzon, asin an [[65th Independent Mixed Brigade (Imperial Japanese Army)|65th Brigade]] bilang pwersa nin garison.&lt;ref name=Chun/&gt;{{rp|21}}  An nakabase sa Formosa 48th Division, dawa mayong eksperyensya sa pakikipaglaban, pigkonsiderar na saro sa mga pinakamarahay na yunit kan Hokbong Hapon, espesyalmenteng sinanay sa mga operasyon na amphibious, asin tinawan nin asignasyon kan mayor na pagduong sa [[Golpo nin Lingayen]]. An ika-16 na Dibisyon, na itinalaga na magduong sa [[Sola nin Lamon]], pinili bilang saro sa pinakamarahay na dibisyon na makukua pa sa Hapon asin pig-estadya gikan sa [[Mga isla nin Ryukyu|mga Ryukyu]] asin [[Palau]]. An ika-14 na Hokbo igwa man kan ika-4 asin ika-7 na Rehimen nin Tangke,&lt;ref name=Chun/&gt;{{rp|24}} limang [[field artillery]] na batalyon, limang [[anti-aircraft artillery]] na batalyon, apat na mga kompanya nin antitangke, asin sarong batalyon nin mortar. Sarong pambihirang makusog na grupo nin [[combat engineer]] asin mga yunit nin pagtulay an kabali sa mga pwersa nin suporta kan ika-14 na Hokbo.

Para sa pagsalakay, an Ikatolong Armada pinadakula nin duwang iskwadron nin mga destroyer asin sarong dibisyon nin cruiser kan [[2nd Fleet (Imperial Japanese Navy)|Ikaduwang Armada]], asin an aircraft carrier ''[[Japanese aircraft carrier Ryūjō|Ryūjō]]'' gikan sa 1st Air Fleet. An Pwersa kan Filipinas binibilog nin sarong aircraft carrier, limang [[heavy cruiser]], limang [[light cruiser]], 29 [[destroyer]], duwang [[seaplane tender]], minesweeper asin torpedo boat.&lt;ref name=Chun/&gt;{{rp|22}}

An pinagsararong kusog kan hukbo asin navy na itinagama tanganing suportaran an mga pagduong iyo an 541 na eroplano. An ika-11 Kōkūkantai (Air Fleet) binibilog kan ika-21 asin ika-23 Kōkūsentai (Air Flotillas), sarong pinagsararong kusog na 156 [[Mitsubishi G4M|G4M &quot;Betty&quot;]] asin [[Mitsubishi G3M|G3M &quot;Nell&quot;]] na mga parabomba, 107 [M Zero]] na mga parapakilaban, kaiba an mga seaplane asin mga eroplanong pan-recognisance.&lt;ref name=Chun/&gt;{{rp|24}} Kadaklan kaini nakabase sa [[Kaohsiung|Takao]], asin mga ikatolo an ipinadara sa Indochina kan huring semana kan Nobyembre tanganing suportaran an mga operasyon sa Malaya. An ''Ryujo'' nagtao nin dagdag na 16 na mga eroplanong panlaban asin 18 na mga eroplanong torpedo, asin an mga barko sa ibabaw igwa nin 68 na mga eroplanong para sa paghanap asin pag-obserbar, na nagkakantidad nin 412 na mga eroplanong pandagat. An ika-5 Kikōshidan (Air Group) kan hukbo binibilog nin duwang rehimen nin mga parapakilaban, duwang rehimen nin light bomber, asin sarong rehimen nin heavy bomber, na may total na 192 na eroplano: 76 na mga parabomba nin [[Mitsubishi Ki-21|Ki-21 &quot;Sally&quot;]], [[Kawasaki Ki-48|Ki-48 &quot;Lily&quot;]], asin [[Mitsubishi Ki-30|Ki-30 &quot;Ann&quot;]]; 36 na parapakilaban na [[Nakajima Ki-27|Ki-27 &quot;Nate&quot;]], asin 19 [[Mitsubishi Ki-15|Ki-15 &quot;Babs&quot;]] asin [[Tachikawa Ki-36|Ki-36 &quot;Ida&quot;]] na mga eroplanong pag-obserbar .&lt;ref name=Chun/&gt;{{rp|24}}

===Mga depensa===
[[File:US Army Far East December 1941.jpg|thumb|300 px|Disposisyon kan pwersa kan Hokbo kan Estados Unidos sa Filipinas kan Desyembre 1941]]

====Pwersa kan Hokbo kan Estados Unidos sa Harayong Sirangan====
Poon kan kabangaan kan 1941, kasunod kan naglangkaw na tension sa tanga kan Hapon asin nagkapirang iba pang kapangyarihan, kabali an Estados Unidos, Britanya asin Olandes, dakol na nasyon sa [[Habagatan-subangan na Asya]] asin Pasipiko an nagpoon na mag-andam para sa posibilidad nin gera. Kan Disyembre 1941, an pinagsararong pwersa sa depensa sa Pilipinas pinag-organisar sa Pwersa kan Hokbo kan Estados Unidos sa Harayong Sirangan (USAFFE), na kabali an [[Philippine Army]]'s 1st Regular Division, 2nd (Constabulary) Division, asin 10 mobilized reserve divisions,&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.history.army.mil/books/wwii/5-2/5-2_2.htm#p15 ''The Fall of the Philippines – U.S. Army in World War II''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120217093142/http://www.history.army.mil/books/wwii/5-2/5-2_2.htm#p15 |date=February 17, 2012 }}, pp. 26–27.&lt;/ref&gt; asin [[Departamento sa Filipinas]] kan [[Hokbo kan Estados Unidos]]. Si Heneral [[Douglas MacArthur]] pig-apod giraray sa pagretiro kan [[Departamento nin Gera kan Estados Unidos|Departamento nin Gera]] asin nginaranan na komandante kan USAFFE kan 26 Hulyo 1941 .&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.history.army.mil/books/wwii/5-2/5-2_2.htm#p15 ''The Fall of the Philippines''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120217093142/http://www.history.army.mil/books/wwii/5-2/5-2_2.htm#p15 |date=February 17, 2012 }}, p. 18.&lt;/ref&gt; MacArthur had retired in 1937 after two years as military advisor to the Philippine Commonwealth&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.history.army.mil/books/wwii/5-2/5-2_2.htm#p15 ''The Fall of the Philippines''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120217093142/http://www.history.army.mil/books/wwii/5-2/5-2_2.htm#p15 |date=February 17, 2012 }}, p. 19.&lt;/ref&gt; asin inako an kontrol kan Hokbong Pilipinas, na tinawan nin trabaho kan gobyerno Pilipino na repormahon an sarong hukbo na binibilog sa panginot nin mga reserba na kulang sa kagamitan, pagsasanay asin organisasyon.

Kan 31 Hulyo 1941, an Departamento kan Filipinas igwa nin 22,532 na tropa na nadestino, haros kabanga kaini mga Pilipino.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.history.army.mil/books/wwii/5-2/5-2_2.htm#p19 ''The Fall of the Philippines''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120217093142/http://www.history.army.mil/books/wwii/5-2/5-2_2.htm#p19 |date=February 17, 2012 }}, p. 24.&lt;/ref&gt; Irinekomendar ni MacArthur an pag-asignar giraray kan komandante kan departamento na si Major Heneral [[George Grunert]] kan Oktubre 1941 asin siya mismo an nagkua kan pamamayo.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.history.army.mil/books/wwii/5-2/5-2_2.htm#p15 ''The Fall of the Philippines''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120217093142/http://www.history.army.mil/books/wwii/5-2/5-2_2.htm#p15 |date=February 17, 2012 }}, p. 23.&lt;/ref&gt; An mayor na parte kan departamento iyo an U.S. Army Philippine Division, sarong 10,500-tawo na pormasyon na kadaklan binibilog nin mga [[Philippine Scouts]] (PS) na mga yunit nin pakikipaglaban.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.history.army.mil/books/wwii/5-2/5-2_2.htm#p21 ''The Fall of the Philippines''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120217093142/http://www.history.army.mil/books/wwii/5-2/5-2_2.htm#p21 |date=February 17, 2012 }}, p. 22.&lt;/ref&gt; An Departamento kan Filipinas pinakusog sa pag'oltan kan Agosto asin Nobyembre 1941 kan 8,500 na tropa kan [[United States Army Air Forces|U.S. Army Air Forces]], asin sa paagi nin tolong [[National Guard (Estados Unidos)|Army National Guard]] na mga yunit, kaiba an solamenteng pangalasag kaini, duwang mga [[batalyon]] nin [[Stuart tank|M3 light tanks]].&lt;ref name=&quot;The Fall of the Philippines&quot;/&gt; An mga yunit na ini, an 200th Coast Artillery Regiment (sarong yunit na antiaircraft), 192nd Tank Battalion, asin 194th Tank Battalion, nagkua nin mga tropa hale sa [[New Mexico]], [[Wisconsin]], [[Illinois]], [[Ohio]], [[Kentucky]], [[Minnesota]], [[Missouri]], asin [[California]] .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.history.army.mil/brochures/pi/PI.htm|title=Philippine Islands|page= 5|access-date=February 19, 2009|archive-date=May 23, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110523005633/http://www.history.army.mil/brochures/pi/PI.htm|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url = http://192nd.wikidot.com/origin-of-the-192nd-tank-battalion |title = Origin of the 192nd Tank Battalion|website =192nd Tank Battalion Wiki|first = Jim|last = Opolony|date = September 23, 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Company C, 194th Tank Battalion in the Philippines, 1941–42 |url=http://www.militarymuseum.org/Bataan.html |website=militarymuseum.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Pagkatapos kan reinforcement, an kusog kan departamento 31,095, kabali an 11,988 Philippine Scouts. &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.history.army.mil/books/wwii/5-2/5-2_3.htm#p32 ''The Fall of the Philippines''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191216002431/https://history.army.mil/books/wwii/5-2/5-2_3.htm#p32 |date=December 16, 2019 }}, p. 49, incl. notes.&lt;/ref&gt;

Inorganisar ni MacArthur an USAFFE sa apat na taktikal na mga pagboot.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20080504135148/http://www.history.army.mil/books/wwii/5-2/5-2_4.htm#p61 ''The Fall of the Philippines''], pp. 68–69.&lt;/ref&gt; An ''[[North Luzon Force]]'', sa irarom ni Maj. Gen. [[Jonathan M. Wainwright (general)|Jonathan M. Wainwright]], nagdepensa kan mga pinakaposibleng lugar para sa mga pag'atake nin amphibious asin an mga sentral na kapatagan kan [[Luzon]]. Kabali sa mga pwersa ni Wainwright an [[ika-11 Dibisyon (Filipinas)|ika-11]], [[ika-21 Dibisyon (Filipinas)|ika-21]] asin [[ika-31 Dibisyon (Filipinas)|31 Ika-31 Dibisyon nin Infantry]] kan PA, an U.S. [[26th Cavalry Regiment (Philippine Scouts)|26th Cavalry Regiment]] (PS), sarong batalyon kan [[45th Infantry Regiment (Estados Unidos)|45th Infantry]] (PS), asin an 1st Provisional Artillery Group nin duwang baterya nin 155&amp;nbsp;mm na badil asin sarong {{convert|2.95|in|mm}} [[mountain gun]]. An Philippine 71st Infantry Division nagserbing reserba asin pwedeng gibohon sana sa awtoridad ni MacArthur.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20080517095818/http://www.history.army.mil/books/wwii/5-2/5-2_28.htm#p498 ''The Fall of the Philippines''], p. 499. An duwang dibisyon na ginamit bilang reserba, an ika-71 asin ika-91, bakong hale sa Luzon kundi hale sa Visayas, asin an lambang saro igwa sana nin duwang rehimento.&lt;/ref&gt;

An [[South Luzon Force]], sa irarom ni Brigadier Heneral [[George M. Parker (opisyal kan Hokbo kan Estados Unidos)|George M. Parker Jr.]], nagkontrol kan sarong sona sa sirangan asin habagatan kan [[Manila]]. Si Parker igwa kan PA [[Ika-41 Dibisyon (Filipinas)|Ika-41]] asin [[ika-51 Dibisyon nin Infantry (Estados Unidos)|Mga 51 Dibisyon nin Infantry]] asin an 2nd Provisional Artillery Group kan duwang baterya kan [[86th Field Artillery Regiment]] (PS).

An ''[[Visayas-Mindanao Force|Visayan–Mindanao Force]]'' sa irarom ni Brigadier General [[William F. Sharp]] binibilog kan PA [[ika-61 na Dibisyon (Filipinas)|ika-61]], [[ika-81 na Dibisyon (Filipinas)|ika-81]], asin [[ika-101 na Dibisyon (Filipinas)|ika-101]] na Dibisyon nin Infantry, pinakusog pagkatapos kan pagpoon kan gera kan mga bagong pig-indusir na ika-73 asin ika-93 na mga Rehimento nin Infantry. An ika-61 na Dibisyon yaon sa [[Panay]], an ika-81 sa [[Cebu]] asin [[Negros Island|Negros]], asin an ika-101 sa [[Mindanao]]. Kan Enero sarong ikaapat na dibisyon, an [[ika-102 na Dibisyon (Filipinas)|ika-102]], an ginibo sa Mindanao gikan sa mga rehimen nin artileriya sa langtad kan ika-61 asin ika-81 na Dibisyon na nagseserbing infantry (mayo sinda nin mga pidaso nin artilerya), asin an ika-103 na Infantry kan ika-101 na Dibisyon. An 2nd Infantry kan 1st Regular Division kan Hokbong Filipinas asin an 2nd Battalion kan [[43d Infantry Regiment (Estados Unidos)|U.S. 43rd Infantry (Philippine Scouts)]] ginibo man na parte kan Mindanao Force.

An ''Reserve Force'' kan USAFFE, sa irarom kan direktang kontrol ni MacArthur, binibilog kan Dibisyon kan Filipinas, an [[Ika-91 Dibisyon (Filipinas)|Ika-91 Dibisyon]] (PA), asin mga yunit kan hedkwarters gikan sa PA asin Departamento kan Filipinas, na nakaposisyon sa amihanan sana kan Manila. An 192nd asin 194th Tank Battalions nagbilog kan separadong Provisional Tank Group, na nasa irarom man kan direktang pagboot ni MacArthur, sa Clark Field/Fort Stotsenburg, kun saen sinda nakaposisyon bilang sarong mobile defense laban sa anuman na pagprobar kan mga airborne units na agawon an natad.

Apat na rehimen kan U.S. [[United States Army Coast Artillery Corps|Coast Artillery Corps]] an nagbantay sa entrada kan [[Manila Bay]], kabali an [[Corregidor Island]]. Sa ibong kan sarong mahiwas na {{convert|3|km|mi|abbr=off}} higko nin tubig hale sa Bataan sa Corregidor iyo an Fort Mills, na pigdedepensahan kan mga baterya kan ika-59 asin ika-60 na Coast Artillery Regiments (an huri sarong yunit na kontra sa eroplano), asin an ika-91 asin ika-92 na Coast Artillery Regiments (Philippine Scouts) kan Harbor Defenses kan Manila asin Subic Bays. An ika-59 na CA nagserbing sarong yunit nin superbisor para sa mga baterya kan gabos na yunit na nakaposisyon sa [[Fort Hughes|Forts Hughes]], [[Fort Drum (El Fraile Island)|Drum]], [[Fort Frank|Frank]], asin [[Fort Wint|Wint]]. An mayoriya kan mga kuta itinogdok kan mga 1910-1915 asin, apwera sa Fort Drum asin Battery Monja sa Corregidor, dai protektado laban sa aire asin halangkaw an anggulo na pag-atake nin artilerya apwera sa paagi nin pagtago.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Stanton |first=Shelby L. |title=Order of Battle, U.S. Army, World War II |date=1984 |publisher=Presidio Press |page=461}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://cdsg.org/the-harbor-defenses-of-manila-and-subic-bays-the-philippines/|title=The Harbor Defenses of Manila and Subic Bays, the Philippines|date=May 24, 2016|website=Coast Defense Study Group}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Berhow and McGovern, pp. 10–24&lt;/ref&gt;

An braso sa aviation kan USAFFE iyo an [[Far East Air Force (Estados Unidos)|Far East Air Force]] (FEAF) kan U.S. Army Air Forces, na pinamamayohan ni Major General [[Lewis H. Brereton]]. Dati an Philippine Department Air Force asin Air Force USAFFE, an air force iyo an pinakadakulang USAAF combat air organization sa luwas kan Estados Unidos. An panginot na kapangyarihan kaini sa pakikipaglaban igwa nin 91 na pwedeng gamiton na [[Curtiss P-40|P-40 Warhawk]] fighters asin 34 [[Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress|B-17 Flying Fortress]] na mga parabomba. Sa taktikal na paagi an FEAF parte kan Reserve Force, kaya ini nahulog sa irarom kan direktang pagboot ni MacArthur.

Poon kan 30 Nobyembre 1941 an kusog kan mga tropa kan U.S. Army sa Pilipinas, kaiba an mga yunit kan Pilipinas, 31,095, na binibilog nin 2,504 na mga opisyales asin 28,591 na mga enlisted (16,643 na mga Amerikano asin 11,957 na mga Philippine Scouts).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.history.army.mil/books/wwii/5-2/5-2_3.htm#p49|title=Strength and Composition of U.S. Army Troops in Philippine Islands, 30 November 1941|access-date=June 23, 2008|archive-date=December 16, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191216002431/https://history.army.mil/books/wwii/5-2/5-2_3.htm#p49|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
====Mobilisasyon====
An mga plano sa pagmobilisar ni MacArthur nag-apod para sa pag-indusir kan sampulong reserbang dibisyon sa pag-ultanan kan 1 Setyembre asin 15 Disyembre 1941. An iskedyul naabot kan 1 Setyembre sa pag-indusir nin sarong rehimen kada dibisyon alagad nagluway huli ta an kakulangan nin mga pasilidad asin kagamitan nakaulang sa pagsasanay. An ikaduwang rehimen kan mga dibisyon dai inapod sagkod kan 1 Nobyembre, asin an ikatolong rehimen dai naorganisar sagkod na magpoon an mga iriwal. An pagsasanay seryoso man na napugulan kan mga kadepisilan sa tataramon sa pag-ultanan kan mga kadre kan Amerika asin kan mga tropang Pilipino, asin kan kadakol na manlaen-laen na diyalekto (na pigtatantyang 70) kan kadakol na grupong etniko na minabilog kan hukbo. Sa pagputok kan gera, dos-tersio sana kan hukbo an natipon, alagad an mga pagdagdag sa pwersa nagpadagos sa pag-indusir kan Konstabularyo asin sarong porsyon kan regular na hukbo, sagkod na an pwersa na mga 130,000 na tawo naabot.

An pinaka-importanteng mga kakulangan sa kagamitan iyo an mga riple asin divisional light artillery. Si MacArthur naghagad nin 84,500 [[M1 Garand]] na mga riple tanganing salidahan an mga [[M1917 Enfield]] na nag-eequip sa PA, na igwa nin igong bilang, alagad an Departamento nin Gera nagnegar kan kahagadan huli sa mga kadepisilan sa produksyon. An mga dibisyon igwa sana nin 20% kan saindang mga pangangaipo sa artileriya, asin mantang an mga plano inaprobaran na tanganing mabawasan nin dakula an siwang na ini, an mga areglo huri nang marhay tanganing maiimplementar bago an gera nag-isolate sa Filipinas.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.history.army.mil/books/wwii/5-2/5-2_3.htm#p32 ''The Fall of the Philippines''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191216002431/https://history.army.mil/books/wwii/5-2/5-2_3.htm#p32 |date=December 16, 2019 }}, pp. 35–36.&lt;/ref&gt;

Sa kabaliktaran, an Dibisyon kan Filipinas igwa nin igong tawohan, kagamitan, asin pagsasanay. Si MacArthur nakaresibe nin tulos na pag-aprobar na modernisahon ini sa paagi nin pag-organisar giraray kaini bilang sarong mobile &quot;triangular&quot; na dibisyon. An pagdagdag kan awtorisadong kadakulaan kan mga Philippine Scouts dai nagin praktikal sa politika (huli sa mga pagkaanggot sa laog kan bakong gayong bayad na Philippine Army), kaya an plano ni MacArthur nagtao man nin katalingkasan sa mga Philippine Scouts tanganing mabilog an ibang mga yunit. An pagbalyo kan Amerikanong [[34th Infantry Regiment (Estados Unidos)|34th Infantry]] gikan sa [[8th Infantry Division (Estados Unidos)|8th Infantry Division]] sa Estados Unidos pasiring sa Dibisyon kan Filipinas, kaiba an duwang batalyon nin artilerya sa langtad tanganing maggibo nin sarong padis nin kumpletong [[regimental combat team]]s, talagang piggigibo kan magputok an gera. An pagdeploy natapos na an mga tropa yaon pa sa Estados Unidos, kun saen sinda ipinadara tanganing idepensa an Haway imbes.

====Iba pang pwersa sa depensa====
An [[United States Asiatic Fleet]] asin [[United States naval districts|16th Naval District]], na nakabase sa Manila, iyo an nagtao kan mga depensa naval para sa Filipinas. Sa pagboot ni Admiral [[Thomas C. Hart]], an mga parapakilaban sa ibabaw kan Armada Asyano iyo an magabat na cruiser {{USS|Houston|CA-30|6}}, an light cruiser {{USS|Marblehead|CL-12|6}}, asin treseng [[Clemson-class destroyer|mga destroyer kan panahon kan Inot na Gerang Pankinaban]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.asiaticfleet.com/orbat.htm United States Asiatic Fleet], kumpletong Order of Battle kabali an patrol craft kan ika-16 na Distrito Naval.&lt;/ref&gt; An panginot na kapangyarihan kaini sa paghampak yaon sa 23 na modernong submarino na itinalaga sa Armada nin Asya. An Submarine Squadron (SUBRON) Duwa binibilog nin 6 na mga {{sclass|Salmon|submarine|1}}, asin SUBRON Five sa 11 [[United States Porpoise-class submarine|''Porpoise'']] asin mga {{sclass|Sargo|submarine|1}}. Kan Setyembre 1941, an mga pwersa nin patrolya sa dagat sa Pilipinas nadagdagan kan pag-abot kan anom na [[PT boat]] kan [[Motor Torpedo Boat Squadron Three]]. Siring man, an mga gunboat kan Tsina [[Yangtze Patrol]] nagin parte man kan mga depensa naval kan Filipinas: {{USS|Asheville|PG-21|6}}, {{USS|Mindanao|PR-8|6}}, {{USS|Luzon|PG-47|6}}, {{USS|Oahu|PR-6|6}}, asin {{USS|Quail|AM-15|6}}. Kan Disyembre 1941, an mga pwersa naval pinadakula kan eskuna na {{USS|Lanikai|1914|6}}.

An U.S. 4th Marine Regiment, na nakadestino sa [[Shanghai]] poon pa kan huring parte kan dekada 1920, nag-antisipar nin paghale sa Tsina kan tig-init kan 1941. Mantang an mga tawohan regular na ibinabalyo pabalik sa Estados Unidos o isinusuway sa serbisyo, an komandante kan rehimen, si Koronel [[Samuel Howard]], dai opisyal na nag-areglo nin pagsalida kan gabos. ibugtak sa 1st Special Defense Battalion, nakabase sa Cavite. Kan an ika-4 na Marines nag-abot sa Pilipinas kan ika-30 Nobyembre 1941, isinabay kaini an mga Marines sa Cavite asin Olongapo Naval Stations sa mga ranggo kaini na mga understrength.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.history.army.mil/books/wwii/5-2/5-2_29.htm#p527 ''The Fall of the Philippines''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525032120/http://www.history.army.mil/books/wwii/5-2/5-2_29.htm#p527 |date=May 25, 2017 }}, pp. 528–529. An [[Beijing]] asin [[Qinhuangdao]] na mga detatsment kan ika-4 na-stranded sa Tsina kan magpoon an gera. An ika-4 na Marines igwa sana nin duwang batalyon, na an lambang saro inorganisar sa sarong kompanya nin machine gun asin duwang kompanya nin riple na igwa sanang duwang platun kada saro. An pag-iriba kan 1st Special Defense Battalion, Cavite, nagpangyari sa ika-4 na mag-organisar nin ikatolong batalyon, asin an mga Marines kan Marine Barracks Olangapo nagpangyari sa 1st asin 2nd Battalions na mag-field nin tolong riple companies na may tolong platun kada saro.&lt;/ref&gt; An inot na plano na bangaon an ika-4 sa duwang rehimento, na pinaghalo an lambang saro sa sarong batalyon nin Philippine Constabulary, itinapok pagkatapos na si Howard nagpahiling nin pagduwa-duwa, asin an ika-4 nakadestino sa Corregidor tanganing dagdagan an mga depensa duman, na may mga detalye na nakabugtak sa Bataan tanganing protehiran an hedkwarters kan USAFFE.

Dugang pa, an [[United States Coast and Geodetic Survey]], sarong pwersa nin paramilitar na surbey, nag-operar sa Manila kaiba an barko [[USC&amp;GSS Pathfinder (1899–1941)|USC&amp;GSS ''Research'']].&lt;ref name=Pt5&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/web/about_ngs/history/WWII-HISTORY-DOC-5-CGS.pdf |title=World War II History of the Department Of Commerce-Part 5 U.S. Coast And Geodetic Survey |author=Coast And Geodetic Survey |year=1951 |publisher=United States Government Printing Office |access-date=January 27, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Pag-atake sa Clark Field==
{{Main|Pag-atake sa Clark Field}}
[[File:Ibafield-oct 1941.jpg|thumb|An B-17 sa Iba Field kan Oktubre 1941]]
An bareta nakaabot sa Filipinas na sarong [[pag-atake sa Pearl Harbor]] an nangyayari kan 02:20 lokal na oras kan 8 Disyembre 1941.&lt;ref name=Couttie2009p101&gt;{{cite book |title=Chew the Bones: Maddog Essays on Philippine History |chapter=17. The Last Charge |last=Couttie |first=Bob |page=101 |year=2009 |publisher=CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform |isbn=978-1442142596}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;An pag-atake sa Pearl Harbor nangyari kan Disyembre 7 kan lokal, oras kan Hawaii. Disyembre 8 ini sa Pilipinas, na yaon sa ibong kan [[Pankinaban na Linya nin Petsa]]. An oras kan orasan sa Pilipinas 18 oras 30 minutos na mas naenot sa oras kan Hawaii (hilingon an [[zoneinfo]] database).&lt;/ref&gt; An mga interceptor kan FEAF nagkondusir na nin paghanap sa eroplano para sa mga nagdadangadang na eroplano na ibinareta dai nahaloy pagkatapos kan matanga, alagad ini mga eroplanong scout kan Hapon na nagrereport kan mga kondisyon kan panahon.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite magazine |last=Correll |first=John T. |date=December 2007 |title=Caught on the Ground |url=https://www.airforcemag.com/article/1207ground/ |magazine=Air Force |volume=90 |issue=12 |page=68}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;lmcf&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last=Morton |first=Louis |year=1953 |url=http://www.history.army.mil/books/wwii/5-2/5-2_5.htm#p79 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080124090709/http://www.history.army.mil/books/wwii/5-2/5-2_5.htm#p79 |url-status=dead |archive-date=24 January 2008 |title=Chapter V. The First Days of War |work=The Fall of the Philippines CMH Pub 5-2 |publisher=US Army Center for Military History |access-date=November 25, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kan 03:30, si Brigadier General [[Richard K. Sutherland|Richard Sutherland]], hepe kan mga tawohan ni MacArthur, nakadangog manongod sa pag-atake gikan sa sarong komersyal na brodkast sa radyo.&lt;ref name=Couttie2009p101/&gt; Kan 05:00 si Brereton nagreport sa USAFFE headquarters kun saen pigprobaran niyang mahiling si MacArthur na dai nagin mapanggana. Irinekomendar niya ki Sutherland na an FEAF maglansar nin mga misyon nin pambobomba laban sa Formosa susog sa [[Rainbow 5]] na mga direktiba kan plano sa gera na kun saen posibleng maggikan an sarong pag-atake. Si Brereton orog pang naaraman an sarong pag'atake laban sa {{USS|William B. Preston|DD-344|6}} sa Sola nin Dabaw.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Japanese Attack Finds General Macarthur Unprepared |url=http://www.pacificwar.org.au/Philippines/Japanattacks.html |access-date=May 22, 2011 |website=The Pacific War Historical Society}}&lt;/ref&gt; An awtorisasyon pig-iingat, alagad dai nahaloy pagkatapos, bilang simbag sa sarong telegrama gikan ki Heneral [[George C. Marshall]] na nagtutukdo ki MacArthur na iimplementar an Rainbow 5, si Brereton pinagbotan na magkaigwa nin welga bilang pagigin andam para sa masunod na pag-aprobar.&lt;ref name=&quot;lmcf&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Correll, Caught on the Ground&quot;&gt;Correll, &quot;Caught on the Ground&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;

Sa paagi nin serye nin mga pinagdidiskutiran na mga diskusyon asin desisyon, an awtorisasyon para sa inot na pagsakyada dai inaprobaran sagkod alas 10:15 para sa sarong pag-atake bago pa sana magsolnop an saldang, na may masunod na pagsakyada sa kaagahon kan sunod na aldaw. Mientrastanto, an mga plano kan mga Hapon na atakehon an Clark asin Iba Fields gamit an mga land-based naval bomber asin Zero fighter naatraso nin anom na oras huli sa ambon sa mga base kaini sa Formosa, kaya sadit sanang misyon kan Hokbong Hapon an nag-atake sa mga target sa amihanan na poro kan Luzon. Kan 08:00, si Brereton nakaresibe nin sarong apod sa telepono gikan ki Heneral [[Henry H. Arnold]] na nagpapatanid saiya na dai pagtugutan na an saiyang eroplano atakehon mantang yaon pa sa daga. An FEAF naglansar nin tolong iskwadron-sized fighter patrols asin gabos na serviceable bomber kaini sa Luzon sa pag-ultan kan 08:00 asin 08:30 bilang sarong lakdang sa pag-iingat.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Edmunds |first=Walter D. |year=1992 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SX0OOdZEZTIC&amp;q=Arnold+%22Brereton%22&amp;pg=PA57 |title=They Fought With What They Had |access-date=January 28, 2011 |page=77 |publisher=DIANE |isbn=9781428915411}}&lt;/ref&gt; Pagkatapos na tawan ni MacArthur nin awtorisasyon si Brereton para sa sarong air strike, an mga parabomba pinagbotan na magduong asin mag-andam para sa hapon na pagsalakay sa Formosa. An gabos na tolong iskwadron nin paghabol nagpoon na magkulang nin gasolina asin sabay na nagputol kan saindang mga patrolya.

An mga interceptor kan [[Curtiss P-40 Warhawk|Curtiss P-40B]] kan 20th Pursuit Squadron naglibot sa lugar mantang an mga parabomba nagduong sa Clark Field sa pag-ultan kan 10:30 asin 10:45, dangan nagkawararak sa saindang mga revetment para sa pagserbisyo.&lt;ref name=&quot;lmcf&quot;/&gt; An 17th Pursuit Squadron, na nakabase sa [[Nichols Field]], nagduong man sa Clark asin pinagasolinahan giraray an saindang eroplano mantang an mga piloto kaini nagkakakan nin pangudtohan, dangan pig-alerto an mga piloto kaini dai nahaloy pagkatapos kan alas 11:00.&lt;ref&gt;Edmunds, p. 83.&lt;/ref&gt; na &lt;ref&gt;Edmunds, p. 84. An saro yaon sa sarong misyon sa pagsiyasat pasiring sa Formosa, an saro pa sa ibabaw kan sirangan na Luzon pagkatapos na maglupad mantang an iba nagduduong. An ikatolong B-17 yaon sa eroplano hale sa Mindanao para sa paghirahay kan sarong tangke nin gasolina sa pakpak .&lt;/ref&gt;

Kan 11:27 asin 11:29, an radar post sa Iba Field nakadetektar nin duwang nagdadangadang na mga pagsalakay mantang an pinakaharani 130 milya pa an rayo. Ini nag-alerto sa hedkwarters kan FEAF asin sa command post sa Clark Field, sarong patanid na nakaabot sana sa komandante kan grupo nin paglamag, si Major Orrin L. Grover, na garo baga nalilibog huli sa kadakol asin magkakontrahan na mga bareta.&lt;ref name=&quot;lmcf&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Correll, Caught on the Ground&quot;/&gt; An 3rd Pursuit Squadron naghale sa Iba kan alas 11:45 na may instruksyon na mag-intercept sa pwersa kan sulnupan, na pighuna na an Manila iyo an saindang target, alagad an mga problema sa alpog sa panahon kan paglupad kaini nagresulta sa pagkabaranga kan mga pagbyahe kaini. Duwang byahe kan 21st Pursuit Squadron (PS) sa Nichols Field, anom na P-40Es, an naghale kan 11:45, na pinanginotan ni 1st Lt. [[William E. Dyess|William Dyess]]. Nagpoon sinda sa Clark alagad pinalihis pasiring sa Sola nin Manila bilang ikaduwang linya nin depensa kun an 3rd PS dai maka-intercept kan pwersa kaini. An ikatolong pagbiahe kan ika-21, na naglupad pakalihis nin limang minuto, pasiring sa Clark, dawa ngani an mga problema sa makina kan bagong P-40Es kaini nagpababa kan bilang kaini nin duwa. An 17th Pursuit Squadron naghale nin alas 12:15 hale sa Clark, pinagbotan na magpatrolya sa Bataan asin Manila Bay, mantang an 34th PS sa Del Carmen dai nanggad nakaresibe kan saiyang mga pagboot na protehiran an Clark Field asin dai naglansar.&lt;ref&gt;Edmunds, pp. 84–85.&lt;/ref&gt; An ika-20 PS, na nagkawararak sa Clark, andam nang maglupad alagad dai nakaresibe nin mga pagboot hale sa hedkwarters kan grupo. Imbes, nahiling kan sarong hepe kan linya an nagdadangadang na pormasyon kan mga parabomba kan Hapon asin an komandante kan seksyon, 1st Lt. [[Joseph Harold Moore|Joseph H. Moore]],&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Lieutenant General Joseph H. Moore |url=https://www.af.mil/About-Us/Biographies/Display/Article/106184/lieutenant-general-joseph-h-moore/ |access-date=2022-02-13 |website=Air Force}}&lt;/ref&gt; an pagboot kan pag-iriwal mismo.

Dawa ngani nasubaybayan kan radar asin may tolong iskwadron nin paghabol kan Estados Unidos sa ere, kan an mga parabomba kan Hapon kan ika-11 Kōkūkantai nag-atake sa Clark Field kan 12:40,&lt;ref&gt;Edmunds, p. 102. Si Edmunds nag-interbyu sa kadakol na mga opisyal na yaon duman kan magpoon an pag-atake.&lt;/ref&gt; nakamit ninda an taktikal na sorpresa. Duwang iskwadron nin B-17 an nagkawararak sa daga. Kadaklan sa mga P-40 kan ika-20 PS nag-aandam na magtaksi asin tinamaan kan inot na alon kan 27 na Hapon na &quot;Nell&quot; na mga parabomba; apat sana sa 20th PS P-40Bs an nakapaglupad mantang naghuhulog an mga bomba.

An ikaduwang pag'atake nin mga parabomba (26 na &quot;Betty&quot; na mga parabomba) nagsunod nin harani, dangan an mga parapakilaban na Zero na nag-iiba sa natad sa laog nin 30 minutos, na rinaot an 12 sa 17 na Amerikanong heavy bomber na yaon asin grabe an danyos sa tolo pa. Duwang naraot na B-17 an ginibong flyable asin dinara sa Mindanao, kun saen an saro kaini naraot sa banggaan sa daga.&lt;ref name=&quot;Correll, Caught on the Ground&quot;/&gt;An haros kasabay na pag'atake sa auxiliary field sa Iba sa amihanan-sulnopan kan 54 na &quot;Betty&quot; na mga bomber nagin mapanggana man: gabos apwera sa apat kan mga P-40 kan 3rd Pursuit Squadron, na kulang sa gasolina asin nadakop sa saindang landing pattern, nadestroso sa pakikipaglaban o huli sa kakulangan nin gasolina.&lt;ref&gt;Edmunds, pp. 95–97. Apat sa 18 airborne P-40s an nakagibo nin Rosario airfield, mantang an ikalima naghale sa Iba asin nakanompong man nin pailihan duman.&lt;/ref&gt; Doseng P-40s gikan sa ika-20 (apat), ika-21 (duwang), asin ika-3 (anom) na mga Squadron an nag-atake sa mga strafer alagad may kadikit na kapangganahan, na nawara an kisuerra apat sa saindang sadiri.

An FEAF nawaran nin kabanga kan mga eroplano kaini sa 45-minutong pag-atake asin gabos alagad nadestroso sa laog kan suminunod na pirang aldaw, kaiba an nagkapirang mga natadang B-17 na nawara sa mga pag-atake kan ibang mga eroplano.&lt;ref name=&quot;lmcf&quot; /&gt; An ika-24 na Pursuit Group naglupad kan huring interception kaini kan 10 Disyembre, na nawaran nin 11 sa 40 o labi pang P-40 na ipinadara kaini, asin an mga natatadang P-35 kan ika-34 PS nadestroso sa daga sa Del Carmen.&lt;ref&gt;Edmunds, pp. 133–136.&lt;/ref&gt; Kan bangging idto an kusog kan pakikipaglaban kan FEAF nabawasan sa 12 na pwedeng gamiton na B-17, 22 P-40, asin 8 P-35.&lt;ref&gt;Edmunds, p. 138.&lt;/ref&gt; An kusog kan mga parapakilaban nagbabago-bago aroaldaw sagkod kan 24 Disyembre, kan an USAFFE nagboot kan gabos na pwersa kaini na magduman sa Bataan. Sagkod kaidto an mga P-40 asin P-35 pinagsararo gikan sa mga ekstrang parte na kinua sa mga narumpag na eroplano, asin an mga P-40E na naka-kahon pa pig-aasembliya sa Philippine Air Depot. An Clark Field binayaan bilang sarong bomber field kan 11 Disyembre pagkatapos na gamiton bilang sarong staging base para sa nagkapirang misyon kan B-17.&lt;ref&gt;Edmunds, p. 133.&lt;/ref&gt; Sa pagtanga kan 17 asin 20 Disyembre, an 14 na natatadang B-17 pig-atras sa Australia. An gabos na ibang eroplano kan FEAF naraot o nadakop.&lt;ref&gt;Edmunds, p. 178.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Pagkatapos ===
Mayo nin pormal na imbestigasyon na nangyari manungod sa pagkabigo na ini nin huli ta nangyari ini pagkatapos kan Pearl Harbor. Pagkatapos kan gera, si Brereton asin Sutherland sa epekto nagbasol sa lambang saro huli sa pagkabigla kan FEAF sa daga, asin si MacArthur nagpaluwas nin sarong pahayag na mayo siyang kaaraman sa anuman na rekomendasyon na salakayon an Formosa gamit an mga B-17.&lt;ref name=&quot;lmcf&quot; /&gt; Si [[Walter D. Edmonds|Walter D. Edmunds]] nagsumaryo kan kalamidad: &quot;sa Filipinas an mga tawohan kan satuyang armadong pwersa haros mayong eksepsyon dai nakapag-assess nin eksakto kan gabat, rikas, asin kahusayan kan Japanese Air Force.&quot; Kinotar niya si Major General [[Emmett O'Donnell Jr.]], kaidto sarong mayor na namamahala kan mga B-17 na ipinadara sa Mindanao, na nagkonklusyon na an enot na aldaw sarong &quot;disorganisadong negosyo&quot; asin na mayo nin siisay man na &quot;talagang may sala&quot; huli ta mayo nin siisay man na &quot;andam para sa gera.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;Edmunds, p. 93.&lt;/ref&gt; An aktitud bakong nakalinya sa saiyang mga superyor, an rekomendasyon kan Sekretaryo kan Gera kan Estados Unidos [[Henry L. Stimson|Stimson]] iyo na, &quot;an gabos na praktikal na lakdang dapat gibohon tanganing madugangan an depensang kusog kan Filipinas.&quot; siring sa nakasurat sa librong ''With Courage: The U.S. Army Air Forces in World War II.'' Si McArthur dapat na andamon an Pilipinas na labanan an pagsalakay kan mga Hapon kun ini mag-abot, alagad siya pig-apod sana sa trabaho kan Hulyo 1941 asin mantang kadakol na mga bagong piloto an sinasanay an mga eroplano marikas na nagin lipas na kun ikukumpara sa mga huring henerasyon kan mga eroplanong Hapon.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |title=The Army Air Forces in World War II. 7 vols |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2468-1733_shafr_sim130060005 |access-date=2023-12-02 |website=The SHAFR Guide Online |pages=89|doi=10.1163/2468-1733_shafr_sim130060005 |doi-broken-date=13 July 2025 |url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Pagsakyada==

===Inot na pagduong, 8 Disyembre 1941===
[[File:Invasion of the Philippines, 1941.jpg|thumb|300px|Sarong mapa kan Isla nin Luzon na nagpapahiling kan mga pagduong asin pag-abante kan mga Hapon poon 8 Disyembre 1941 sagkod 8 Enero 1942]]
An ika-14 Hokbo kan Hapon nagpoon kan [[pagsakyada kan mga Hapon sa Isla nin Batan|nagduong sa Isla nin Batan]] (dai dapat iribong sa [[Bataan|Rawis nin Bataan]]), {{convert|120|mi|km}} sa luwas kan amihanan na baybayon kan Luzon, kan 8 Disyembre 1941 kan mga piling yunit nin infantry naval. An mga pagduong sa [[Camiguin de Babuyanes|Isla nin Camiguin]] asin sa [[Pagsakyada kan mga Hapon sa Vigan|Vigan]], [[Pagsakyada kan mga Hapon sa Aparri|Aparri]], asin [[Gonzaga, Cagayan|Gonzaga]] sa amihanan na Luzon suminunod pakalihis nin duwang aldaw.

Duwang B-17 an nag-atake sa mga barkong Hapon na nagbaba sa Gonzaga. An ibang B-17 na may kaibang mga eroplanong paralaban nag-atake sa mga pagduong sa Vigan. Sa huring koordinadong aksyon na ini kan Far East Air Force, an mga eroplano kan Estados Unidos naraot an duwang transportasyon kan Hapon (''[[transport kan Hapon na Oigawa Maru|Oigawa Maru]]'' asin ''[[SS Takao Maru (1927)|Takao Maru]]''), an [[cruiser]] {{ship|Japanese cruiser|Naka||2}}, asin an  destroyer {{ship|Japanese destroyer|Murasame|1935|2}}, asin an nakalubog na [[minesweeper (barko)|minesweeper]] ''[[Japanese minesweeper No. 10 (1938)|W-10]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Bob Hackett and Sander Kingsepp |year=2007 |title=IJN NAKA: Tabular Record of Movement |url=http://www.combinedfleet.com/naka_t.htm |access-date=September 26, 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Amay na aga kan ika-12 nin Disyembre an mga Hapon nagduong nin 2,500 na mga tawohan kan ika-16 na Dibisyon sa [[Legazpi, Albay|Legazpi]] sa sur kan Luzon, {{convert|150|mi|km}} hale sa pinakaharaning pwersa kan Amerika asin Filipinas. An pag'atake sa Mindanao nagsunod kan 19 Disyembre gamit an mga elemento kan 16th Army na pansamantalang nakadukot sa invasion force tanganing tugotan an 14th Army na gamiton an gabos kaining tropa sa Luzon.

Mientrastanto, hinale ni Hart an kadaklan kan saiyang U.S. Asiatic Fleet sa kadagatan kan Filipinas kasunod kan mga pag'atake sa eroplano kan Hapon na nagtao nin magabat na danyos sa mga pasilidad kan U.S. naval sa [[Naval Base Cavite|Cavite]] kan ika-10 nin Disyembre. Mga submarino sana an natada tanganing makipaglaban sa superyoridad sa hukbong dagat kan Hapon, asin an mga komandante kaini, na nakondisyon kan doktrina bago an gera na nagtutubod na an submarino kan armada magin sarong sakayan na pang-eskuela na mas madaling mabiktima sa pag'atake sa eroplano asin kontra sa submarino kisa sa totoo, napatunayan na bakong pantay sa trabaho. Huli sa maluyang doktrinang ini para sa pakikilaban sa irarom kan dagat asin an mga makatatakot na pagkabigo kan [[Mark 14 torpedo]] na nagsakit sa armada nin mga submarino kan Estados Unidos sa laog kan enot na duwang taon kan Gera sa Pasipiko, mayo ni sarong barkong panggera kan Hapon an nalamos kan Armada sa Asya durante kan kampanya sa Filipinas.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://militaryhistoryonline.com/WWII/MarkXIVTorpedo |title=Fizzling Fish and Hidebound Bureucrats: The Tragedy of the Mark XIV Torpedo in World War II  |website=militaryhistoryonline.com |access-date=5 January 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Si James Leutze nagsurat:&lt;ref&gt;Leutze (1981), p. 240&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;Igwa siyang 27 subs na nalubog sa Sola nin Manila,...&lt;ref&gt;Leutze (1981), p. 235&lt;/ref&gt; an Washington, bako an Asiatic Fleet Commander an nagboot sa armada na mag-atras sa Manila.... &lt;ref&gt;Leutze (1981), p. 230&lt;/ref&gt; Si Hart pinagbotan kan Washington na magpadara nin mga pwersa sa ibabaw kan US Navy asin mga submarino pasiring sa habagatan-subangan pasiring sa Australia....&lt;ref&gt;Leutze (1981), p. 237&lt;/ref&gt; Si Douglas MacArthur asin [[Henry Stimson]] ([[Sekretaryo kan Gera kan Estados Unidos]]) nakikipag-iwal ki Admiral Hart huli sa kawaran nin aksyon sa submarino kan US Navy. Hinapot ni MacArthur si Admiral Hart: &quot;Ano daw an nangyayari sa saimong mga submarino?&quot;...&lt;ref&gt;Leutze (1981), p. 242&lt;/ref&gt; Nagreklamo si MacArthur na an pagigin daing aktibidad ni Hart nagtugot sa katalingkasan sa paghiro kan navy kan Hapon.... &lt;ref&gt;Leutze (1981), p. 234&lt;/ref&gt; Susog ki Stimson, namatean ni MacArthur na an mga barko asin submarino ni Hart bakong epektibo, alagad huli ta si Admiral Hart nawaran nin kusog nin boot. An reaksyon ni Admiral Hart sa mga brickbat ni MacArthur: &quot;Siya (MacArthur) may tendensiyang putolon an sakuyang tulak asin tibaad an Navy sa pankagabsan.&quot;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

===Panginot na pag-atake, 22 Disyembre 1941===
[[File:Withdrawal South Dec 1941.jpg|thumb|300 px|Pag-atras sa habagatan, 25-31 Disyembre 1941]]
{{main|Pagsakyada kan mga Hapon sa Golpo nin Lingayen|Pagsakyada kan mga Hapon sa Sola nin Lamon}}
An mayor na pag-atake nagpoon kan amay na aga kan ika-22 nin Disyembre mantang 43,110 na mga tawohan kan ika-48 na Dibisyon asin sarong rehimen kan ika-16 na Dibisyon, na suportado nin artilerya asin mga 90 na tangke, an nagduong sa tolong banwaan kan [[Agoo]], [[Caba, La Union|Caba]], asin [[Bauang]] sa [[La Union]], sa baybayon kan Golpo nin Lingayen.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hyper&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=The Main Landings|url=http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USA/USA-P-PI/USA-P-PI-8.html|access-date=18 March 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; An nagkapirang B-17 na naglalayog hale sa Australia inatake an armada nin pagsalakay asin an mga submarino kan Estados Unidos.

An maluyang pagsasanay asin kagamitan na ika-11 asin ika-71 na Dibisyon ni Heneral Wainwright dai nakapag-atras kan mga pagduong o naka-ipit kan kalaban sa mga baybayon. An natatadang mga yunit kan Hapon kan mga dibisyon nagduong sa mas harayo sa habagatan sa gilid kan gulpo. An ika-26 na Kabalyero (PS) kan mga maray an pagsasanay asin mas marahay an kagamitan na mga Eskutang Pilipino, na nag-aabante tanganing sabaton sinda, nagbugtak nin makusog na laban sa [[Rosario, La Union|Rosario]] alagad napiritan na mag-atras pagkatapos na magkaigwa nin magabat na mga kaswalti na mayong paglaom na magkaigwa nin supisyenteng mga pampakusog. Kan banggi kan 23 Disyembre an mga Hapon nagbalyo na nin {{convert|10|mi|km|spell=in}} pasiring sa laog.

Kan sunod na aldaw, 7,000 na mga tawohan kan ika-16 na Dibisyon an nagtama sa mga baybayon sa tolong lokasyon sa gilid kan baybayon kan Sola nin Lamon sa habagatan na Luzon, kun sain nakua ninda an mga pwersa ni Heneral Parker na nagkawararak asin mayong artileriya na nagpoprotehir sa sirangan na baybayon, na dai kayang magtao nin seryosong pagtumang. Pinagsararo ninda an saindang mga posisyon asin pinonan an pagmaneho pa-amihanan pasiring sa Manila kun saen sinda makikipag-ulay sa mga pwersa na nag-aabante pa-habagatan pasiring sa kabisera.

===Pag-atras pasiring sa Bataan, 24 Disyembre 1941 sagkod 6 Enero 1942===
An U.S. Philippine Division nagbalyo sa natad bilang reaksyon sa mga bareta nin mga paghulog sa eroplano harani sa Clark Field, asin kan ini napatunayan na bakong totoo sinda ipinadara tanganing tahoban an pag-atras kan mga tropa pasiring sa Bataan asin tanganing labanan an mga pag-abante kan mga Hapon sa lugar kan Sola nin Subic.

Kan 24 Disyembre, inapod ni MacArthur an plano bago an gera na Orange 3, na nag-apod para sa paggamit nin limang posisyon na nag-aatraso sa sentral na Luzon mantang an mga pwersa nag-atras pasiring sa Bataan. Ini ginibo sa parte kan ika-26 na Rehimen nin mga Kabalyero.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last=Merriam |first=Ray |year=1999 |title=War in the Philippines |publisher=Merriam Press |pages=70–82 |isbn=1-57638-164-1 |url={{Google books |plainurl=yes |id=utbD8wwF91kC |page=70}}| access-date =January 31, 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt; Pinahale niya si Parker sa saiyang pagboot kan South Luzon Force asin pinagpoonan siyang mag-andam nin mga posisyon sa depensa sa Bataan, na naggagamit nin mga yunit mantang sinda nag-aabot; parehong ibinalyo duman an opisina prinsipal kan militar asin an gobyerno kan Filipinas. Siyam na aldaw na may kalintura na paghiro nin mga suplay pasiring sa Bataan, sa pangenot sa paagi nin barge hale sa Manila, nagpoon sa pagprobar na pakakanon an piglalaoman na pwersa na 43,000 na tropa sa laog nin anom na bulan. (Sa katapustapusi 80,000 na tropa asin 26,000 na mga dulag an nagbaha sa Bataan.) Dawa siring, an dakulang pwersa nagdanay sa ibang lugar sa laog nin pirang bulan.

Kan 26 Disyembre an Manila pigdeklarar na [[bukas na syudad]] ni MacArthur.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=December 26, 1941 |title=Manila Declared 'Open City' |volume=C |page=1 |work=[[Chicago Daily Tribune]] |issue=309}}&lt;/ref&gt; Alagad, an militar kan Estados Unidos ginagamit pa man giraray an syudad para sa mga katuyuhan sa lohistika mantang an syudad pigdeklarar na bukas,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.historynet.com/manila-how-open-was-this-open-city-january-98-world-war-ii-feature.htm|title=Manila: How Open Was This Open City?|author=John W. Whitman|date=January 1998|website=Historynet}}&lt;/ref&gt; asin binaliwala kan hukbong Hapon an deklarasyon asin binomba an syudad.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=December 28, 1941 |title=Japanese Bombs Fire Open City of Manila; Civilian Toll Heavy; Invaders Gain in Luzon |volume=XCI |page=1 |work=[[The New York Times]] |issue=30,654 |url=http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-chat/2825808/posts}}&lt;/ref&gt;

An mga yunit kan duwang pwersa nin depensa pigmaniobra tanganing bukas an mga ruta nin pagdulag pasiring sa Bataan, partikularmente sa [[San Fernando, Pampanga|San Fernando]], an mga tulay na asero sa [[Calumpit]] sa ibabaw kan hararom na [[Salog Pampanga]] sa amihanan na poro kan Manila Bay, asin an [[Plaridel, Bulacan|Plaridel]] sa norte kan Manila. An Pwersa kan South Luzon, sa ibong kan saiyang kawaran nin eksperyensya asin mga pagboot na mag-atras asin magpugol, mapangganang nag-eksekutar nin &quot;[[Bounding overwatch|leapfrogging]]&quot; [[Withdrawal (military)|retrograde]] na mga teknik asin nakabalyo sa mga tulay kan 1 Enero. An mga komandante sa eroplano kan Hapon isinikwal an mga apelasyon kan ika-48 na Dibisyon na bombahon an mga tulay tanganing masiod an mga nag-aatras na pwersa,&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20090122224352/http://history.army.mil/books/wwii/5-2/5-2_12.htm#p205 ''The Fall of the Philippines''], p. 208.&lt;/ref&gt; na sunod na ginaba kan mga inhenyero kan Philippine Scout kan ika-1 nin Enero.

Narealisar kan mga Hapon an plano ni MacArthur kan ika-30 nin Disyembre asin pinagbotan an ika-48 na Dibisyon na mag-abante asin selyuhan an Bataan. Sa serye nin mga aksyon sa pag-oltanan kan 2 asin 4 nin Enero, an ika-11 asin ika-21 na Dibisyon kan Hokbong Pilipinas, an ika-26 na Kabalyero (PS) asin an mga tangke kan Amerikanong [[M3 Stuart]] kan Provisional Tank Group nagbukas kan tinampo hale sa San Fernando pasiring sa [[Dinalupihan]] sa liog kan rawis para sa pag-atras kan South Luzon Force, dangan ginibo an saindang sadiring pagdulag. Sa ibong kan 50% na pagkalugi sa 194th Tank Battalion sa panahon kan pag-atras, an mga Stuart asin sarong nagsusuportang baterya nin [[M3 GMC|75mm SPM halftracks]] paorootrong nagpundo sa mga pagtulod kan mga Hapon asin iyo an huring mga yunit na naglaog sa Bataan.

Kan 30 Disyembre an American 31st Infantry nagbalyo sa palibot kan [[Dalton Pass]] tanganing takupan an mga gilid kan mga tropa na nag-aatras hale sa sentral asin habagatan na Luzon, mantang an ibang mga yunit kan Dibisyon kan Filipinas nag-organisar nin mga posisyon sa Bataan. Dangan an 31st Infantry nagbalyo sa sarong depensang posisyon sa sulnupan na parte kan tinampo [[Olongapo]]-Manila, harani sa [[Layac Junction]]—sa liog kan Rawis nin Bataan—kan ika-5 nin Enero. An junction itinao kan 6 Enero, alagad an pag-atras pasiring sa Bataan nagin matrayumpo.

==Labanan sa Bataan==
{{Main|Labanan sa Bataan}}
[[File:Situation on Bataan 8 Jan 1942.jpg|thumb|300 px|Sitwasyon sa Bataan, 8 Enero 1942.]]
Poon 7 sagkod 14 Enero an mga Hapon nagkonsentrar sa pagsiyasat asin pag-andam para sa pag-atake sa mayor na linya nin ralaban poon [[Abucay]] sagkod [[Bukid Natib]] sagkod [[Mauban]]. Kasabay kaini, sa sarong kritikal na sala, pinaginhawa ninda an ika-48 Dibisyon, na responsable sa kadaklan kan kapangganahan kan mga operasyon kan Hapon, kaiba an mas hababa an kakayahan kan ika-65 Brigada, na pigtuyo bilang sarong pwersa nin garison. An Japanese 5th Air group hinale sa mga operasyon kan 5 Enero bilang pag-andam para sa paghiro kaiba an 48th Division pasiring sa Netherlands East Indies.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.history.army.mil/books/wwii/MacArthur%20Reports/MacArthur%20V2%20P1/ch6.htm#p103 Japanese Operations in the Southwest Pacific Area] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110523005338/http://www.history.army.mil/books/wwii/MacArthur%20Reports/MacArthur%20V2%20P1/ch6.htm#p103 |date=May 23, 2011 }}, p. 104.&lt;/ref&gt; An mga pwersa kan Estados Unidos asin Pilipino nag-atras kan mga pag-atake sa banggi harani sa Abucay, asin an mga elemento kan U.S. Philippine Division nagkontra-atake kan 16 Enero. Ini dai nagin mapanggana, asin an dibisyon nag-atras pasiring sa reserbang linya nin ralaban gikan sa [[Pilar, Bataan|Casa Pilar]] pasiring sa [[Bagac]] sa sentro kan rawis kan ika-26 nin Enero. 

An ika-14 na Hokbo pigbago an mga pag'atake kaini kan ika-23 nin Enero sa paagi nin pagprobar na magduong sa likod kan mga linya kan sarong batalyon kan ika-16 na Dibisyon, dangan may mga pankagabsan na pag'atake na nagpoon kan 27 Enero sa linya nin ralaban. An pagduong kan amphibious na-disturbo kan sarong baroto kan PT asin pigbugtak sa brutal na mahibog na kagurangan kan mga ad hoc na yunit na binibilog kan mga tropa kan U.S. Army Air Corps, mga tawuhan kan naval, asin Philippine Constabulary. An bulsa luway-luway na napiritan pabalik sa mga pangpang, na may halangkaw na mga kaswalti sa mag-ibong na lado. An mga pagduong tanganing pakusugon an mga natatadang bulsa kan 26 Enero asin 2 Pebrero grabe an pagkadisturbo kan mga pag'atake sa eroplano gikan sa nagkapirang natatadang FEAF P-40, dangan na-trap asin sa kahurihurihi napuho kan 13 Pebrero.

An sarong paglaog sa linya kan I Corps napundo asin nabari sa nagkapirang bulsa. Kan 8 Pebrero, ipinagboot ni Homma an pagsuspinde kan mga opensibong operasyon tanganing maorganisar giraray an saiyang mga pwersa. Dai ini nagigibo tulos, huli ta an ika-16 na Dibisyon nagdanay na nakikisumaro sa pagprobar na makaluwas an sarong batalyon na may bulsa kan ika-20 na Infantry kaini. Sa dugang pang mga pagkalugi, an mga natatada kan batalyon, 378 na mga opisyales asin mga tawohan, naluwas kan 15 Pebrero. Kan ika-22 Pebrero an ika-14 na linya kan Hokbo nag-atras nin pirang milya pasiring sa norte, asin an mga pwersa kan USAFFE nag-okupar giraray kan mga inabandonang posisyon. An resulta kan Battle of the Points asin Battle of the Pockets iyo an total na pagkalaglag kan gabos na tolong batalyon kan Japanese 20th Infantry asin sarong malinaw na kapangganahan kan USAFFE.

Sa laog nin nagkapirang semana, an mga Hapon, na napugulan huli sa magabat na pagkalugi asin nabawasan sa sarong brigada, nagkondusir nin mga operasyon sa pagsalikop mantang naghahalat nin paghirahay asin pagpakusog. An duwang hukbo nakikabtang sa mga patrolya asin naglimitar nin mga lokal na pag'atake. Huli sa naggrabeng posisyon kan mga Alyado sa rehiyon nin Asya-Pasipiko, si U.S. [[Franklin Delano Roosevelt|Si Presidente Roosevelt]] nagboot ki MacArthur na [[an pagdulag ni Douglas MacArthur sa Filipinas|magpadagos sa Australia]] tanganing magin Supremong Komandante kan mga Alyado sa [[South West Pacific Area (komando)|Southwest Pacific Area]]. Sa dalan, sa [[istasyon nin tren nin Terowie|sarong istasyon nin tren]] sa bukid kan ika-20 nin Marso, inot na ginibo ni MacArthur an deklarasyon na iyo an magigin saiyang pinaka-publisidad na tema para sa mga masunod na taon: &quot;''I came through and I shall return'' (Nag-agi ako asin mabalik ako)&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=I came through; I shall return |url= https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/48749454 |newspaper=[[The Advertiser (Adelaide)|The Advertiser]] |location=Original, Adelaide; digital reprint, Canberra|via=National Library of Australia – [[Trove]] digital newspaper archive |date= 21 March 1942 |volume= LXXXIV |issue=26,040 |issn=1836-7682 |page=1 |access-date=31 March 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; Opisyal na inasumir ni Wainwright an kontrol kan nagin United States Forces in the Philippines (USFIP) kan ika-23 nin Marso. Durante kan panahon na ini, an mga elemento kan U.S. Philippine Division ibinalyo tanganing magtabang sa pagdepensa kan ibang mga sektor.

Poon kan 28 Marso sarong bagong alon nin mga pag'atake sa ere asin artilerya kan mga Hapon an nagtama sa mga pwersa kan mga Alyado na grabe an pagluya huli sa malnutrisyon, helang asin halawig na ralaban. Kan Abril 3 an mga Hapon nagpoon na maglaog sa kahalabaan kan [[Bukid Samat]], na pigtatantya na an opensiba mangangaipo nin sarong bulan tanganing matapos an kampanya. An U.S. Philippine Division, na dai na nag-ooperar bilang sarong koordinadong yunit asin napapagal na sa limang aldaw na haros padagos na pakikipaglaban, dai nakapag-atake nin epektibo laban sa magabat na mga pag'atake kan mga Hapon. Kan ika-8 nin Abril an U.S. 57th Infantry Regiment (PS) asin an 31st Division (PA) nasakop harani sa [[Salog Alangan]]. An U.S. 45th Infantry Regiment (PS), sa irarom kan mga pagboot na makaabot sa Mariveles asin mag-ebakwar pasiring sa Corregidor, sa katapustapusi nagsuko kan ika-10 nin Abril. 300 sanang tawohan kan U.S. 31st Infantry an mapangganang nakaabot sa Corregidor.

==Labanan sa Corregidor==
{{Main|Labanan sa Corregidor}}
[[File:Japanese bombers over Corregidor.jpg|thumb|An [[Mitsubishi Ki-21|mga parabomba na Hapon]] sa ibabaw kan Corregidor.]]
[[File:Map of Corregidor 1941.jpg|thumb|300 px|Mapa kan isla nin Corregidor kan 1941.]]

An Corregidor (na kabali an Fort Mills) sarong posisyon kan U.S. Army Coast Artillery Corps na nagdedepensa kan entrada sa Sola nin Manila, parte kan mga depensa sa pantalan kan Manila asin Sola nin Subic. Ini armado kan mga lumang nawawarang baterya nin badil sa baybayon kan ika-59 asin ika-91 na Rehimen nin Artillery sa Baybayon (an huri sarong yunit nin mga Scout kan Pilipinas), sarong minahan sa luwas kan dagat na igwa nin mga 35 grupo nin mga kontroladong mine,&lt;ref name=&quot;CAJHarris1&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Bocksel |first=Arnold A. |date=1946 |title=The USAMP ''General George Harrison'' in the Harbor Defenses of Manila and Subic Bay |url=https://sill-www.army.mil/ada-online/coast-artillery-journal/_docs/1946/11-12/Nov-Dec%201946.pdf |journal=Coast Artillery Journal |volume=89 |issue=6 |page=54 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180212201447/http://sill-www.army.mil/ada-online/coast-artillery-journal/_docs/1946/11-12/Nov-Dec%201946.pdf |archive-date=February 12, 2018 |url-status=live |access-date=February 11, 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; asin sarong yunit nin kontra-eroplano, an ika-60ng Artillery sa Baybayon. An huri nakapaskil sa mas halangkaw na mga lugar kan Corregidor. An mga lumang bateryang nakatindog na may mga nakapirming mortar asin dakulaon na kanyon, para sa depensa sa pag'atake sa dagat, madaling nawara sa komisyon kan mga parabomba kan Hapon. An mga soldados na Amerikano asin mga Pilipinong Scout nagdepensa sa sadit na kuta sagkod na dikit na sana an natatada sa sainda tanganing magdepensa. Sa kapinunan kan 1942, an komando sa eroplano kan Hapon nagbugtak nin oksiheno sa mga parabomba kaini tanganing maglayog nin mas halangkaw kisa sa sakop kan mga bateryang kontra eroplano kan Corregidor, asin pagkatapos kan panahon na idto, nagpoon an mas magabat na pambobomba.

Kan Disyembre 1941, an Presidente kan Filipinas [[Manuel L. Quezon]], si Heneral MacArthur, an iba pang halangkaw na opisyales militar asin mga diplomatiko asin mga pamilya nakadulag sa pagbomba sa Manila asin pinaistaran sa [[Malinta Tunnel]] sa Corregidor. Bago an saindang pag-abot, an mga lateral sa Malinta nagserbing hedkwarters kan halangkaw na pamamayo, ospital asin pagtipig nin kakanon asin armas. Kan Marso 1942, nagkapirang submarino kan U.S. Navy an nag-abot sa norteng parte kan Corregidor. An Navy nagdara nin mga surat, mga pagboot, asin mga armas. Dinara ninda an mga pinakahalangkaw na opisyales kan gobyerno kan mga Amerikano asin Pilipino, bulawan asin plata, asin iba pang importanteng mga rekord. An mga dai nakadulag paagi sa submarino nagin mga bihag sa guerra o ibinugtak sa mga sibilyan na [[kampo de konsentrasyon]] sa Manila asin iba pang lugar.

[[File:Captured Japanese photograph. U.S. soldiers and sailors surrendering to Japanese forces at Corregidor, Philippine... - NARA - 531354.tif|thumb|Mga suldados asin marinero kan Estados Unidos asin Pilipino na nagsusuko sa pwersa kan Hapon sa Corregidor.]]
An Corregidor pigdepensa kan 11,000 na mga tawohan, na binibilog kan mga yunit na nasambit sa itaas na nakadestino sa Corregidor, an U.S. 4th Marine Regiment, asin mga tawohan kan U.S. Navy na nakadeploy bilang infantry. An iba nakaabot sa Corregidor hale sa Peninsula nin Bataan kan nadaog kan mga Hapon an mga yunit duman. An mga Hapon nagpoon kan saindang huring pagsalakay sa Corregidor sa paagi nin sarong pag'atake nin artilerya kan ika-1 nin Mayo. Kan banggi nin 5''–''6 Mayo duwang batalyon kan Japanese 61st Infantry Regiment an nagduong sa amihanan-sirangan na poro kan isla. Sa ibong kan makusog na pagtumang, an mga Hapon nagmukna nin [[beachhead]] na pinakusog nin mga tangke asin artileriya. An mga paradepensa marikas na itinulak pabalik pasiring sa kuta kan Bulod nin Malinta.

Kan huring parte kan ika-6 nin Mayo, naghagad si Wainwright ki Homma nin mga kondisyon nin pagsuko. Nanindugan si Homma na kabali sa pagsuko an gabos na pwersa kan Alyado sa Filipinas. Sa pagtubod na an buhay kan gabos na yaon sa Corregidor mamemeligro, inako ni Wainwright. Kan ika-8 nin Mayo nagpadara siya nin mensahe ki Sharp na nagsusugo saiya na isuko an Visayan-Mindanao Force. Nagsunod si Sharp, alagad kadakol na mga indibidwal an nagpadagos sa pakikipaglaban bilang [[guerilla warfare|gerilya]]. Pipira sanang mga komandante kan yunit an napiritan na sumuko, asin mayo nin siisay man na may kamawotan na sumuko. An desisyon ni Sharp na magsuko may kalabot na dakul na bagay. Si Major Larry S. Schmidt, sa sarong tesis sa master's degree kan 1982, nagsabi na an desisyon ni Sharp nakabasar sa duwang rason: na an mga Hapon may kakayahan na gadanon an 10,000 na mga nakaligtas sa Corregidor, asin na aram na ngonyan ni Sharp na an saiyang mga pwersa dai papakusugon kan Estados Unidos, siring sa dati nang pighuna. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite thesis|first = Larry S.|last = Schmidt|title = American Involvement in the Filipino Resistance Movement on Mindanao During the Japanese Occupation, 1942–1945|type=MMAS |publisher= U.S. Army Command and General Staff College|location = Fort Leavenworth, Kans.|page = 68|url = https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/b068659.pdf|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191212174805/https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/b068659.pdf|url-status = live|archive-date = December 12, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Lista kan mga heneral kan Estados Unidos na nagin mga preso-nin-giyera===
[[File:American generals in captivity, July 1942.jpg|thumb|right|Mga heneral kan Estados Unidos sa sarong grupong retrato kaiba an mga paradakop na Hapon]]

*Tenyente Heneral [[Jonathan M. Wainwright (heneral)|Jonathan M. Wainwright]], heneral na nagsusugo, United States Forces in the Philippines (USFIP)
*Mayor Heneral [[Albert M. Jones]], heneral na nagsusugo, Philippine I Corps
*Mayor Heneral [[Edward P. King]], heneral na nagsusugo, Northern Luzon
*Mayor Heneral [[George F. Moore (Opisyal kan Hokbo kan Estados Unidos)|George F. Moore]], heneral na nagsusugo, [[Harbor Defenses of Manila and Subic Bays]]/Philippine Coast Artillery
*Mayor Heneral [[George M. Parker (Opisyal kan Hokbo kan Estados Unidos)|George M. Parker]], heneral na nagsusugo, Southern Luzon/Philippine II Corps
*Mayor Heneral [[William F. Sharp]], heneral na nagsusugo, Visayan-Mindanao Force Philippines
*Brigader Heneral [[Lewis C. Beebe]], hepe kan mga tawohan ni Tenyente Heneral Jonathan M. Wainwright
*Brigader Heneral [[Clifford Bluemel]], heneral na nagsusugo, [[Ika-31 na Dibisyon (Filipinas)]]
*Brigader Heneral [[William E. Brougher]], heneral na nagsusugo, [[Ika-11 na Dibisyon (Filipinas)]]
*Brigader Heneral [[Bradford G. Chynoweth]], heneral na nagsusugo, [[Ika-61 na Dibisyon (Filipinas)]]
*Brigader Heneral [[Charles C. Drake]], heneral na nagsusugo, Quartermaster Corps in the Philippines
*Brigader Heneral [[Arnold J. Funk]], hepe kan mga tawohan ni Mayor Heneral Edward P. King
*Brigader Heneral [[Maxon S. Lough]], heneral na nagsusugo, [[Dibisyon kan Filipinas (Estados Unidos)|Dibisyon kan Filipinas]]
*Brigader Heneral [[Allan C. McBride]], deputadong hepe kan mga tawohan ni Heneral Douglas MacArthur asin heneral na nagsusugo kan Lugar nin Pagboot sa Serbisyo  {{KIA}} (nagadan kan 9 Mayo 1944 sa sarong kampo nin mga preso sa gera)
*Brigader Heneral [[Clinton A. Pierce]], heneral na nagsusugo, [[Ika-26 na Rehimen nin mga Kabalyero (Philippine Scouts)]]
*Brigader Heneral [[Carl H. Seals]], ayudante heneral, United States Army Forces in the Far East (USAFFE)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/148640018 |title=Gen. Carl Seals |date=October 31, 1955 |page=20 |newspaper=The Washington Post |access-date=January 19, 2023|id={{ProQuest|148640018}} }}&lt;/ref&gt;
*Brigader Heneral [[Joseph P. Vachon]], heneral na nagsusugo, [[Ika-101 na Dibisyon (Filipinas)]]
*Brigader Heneral [[James R.N. Weaver]], heneral na nagsusugo, 1st Provisional Tank Group

Duwang Amerikano na nagseserbing heneral kan Hokbong Pilipinas an nagsuko man sa pwersa kan Hapon:

*Brigader Heneral [[Guy Fort|Guy O. Fort]], heneral na nagsusugo, [[Ika-81 na Dibisyon (Filipinas)]] {{KIA}} (ginadan kan 11 Nobyembre 1942 sa sarong kampo nin mga preso sa gera)
*Brigader Heneral [[Luther R. Stevens]], heneral na nagsusugo, [[Ika-91 na Dibisyon (Filipinas)]]

An iba pang heneral kan Hokbong Filipinas na nadakop kan pwersa kan Hapon iyo an mga subong Pilipino na si Mayor Heneral Guillermo B. Francisco asin Brigadier Heneral na si Matthew M. Capinpin, Vicente Lim asin Fidel Segundo. Sampulong heneral kan U.S. Army asin Heneral Stevens an nagsuko sa Bataan kan Abril.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/151521303 |title=Ten U.S. and Six Philippine Generals Captured on Bataan |date=April 18, 1942 |page=3 |newspaper=The Washington Post |access-date=February 6, 2023|id={{ProQuest|151521303}} }}&lt;/ref&gt; Si Heneral Wainwright, Moore, Beebe asin Drake nagsuko sa Corregidor kan Mayo 1942. Nadakop si Heneral Sharp, Chynoweth, Seals, Vachon asin Fort sa habagatan kan Filipinas.

==Pagkatapos==
{{See also|Mga krimen sa gera kan Hapon}}
[[File:JapaneseTroopsBataan1942.jpg|thumb|Nasakop kan tropang Hapon an Bataan, Filipinas kan 1942]]
[[File:March of Death - Resting 03.jpg|thumb|Grupo nin mga preso na Amerikano, Mayo 1942]]

An kapangganahan ni Heneral Homma sa Filipinas dai inako sa Imperial Heneral Headquarters, asin partikularmente ni Premier Hideki Tojo, nin mainit siring sa saiyang piglalaoman. Pig-olog-olog ninda an soboot pagkabakong epektibo asin kawaran nin pagmawot ni Homma na daogon an mga Amerikano susog sa saindang planong iskedyul. Dangan si Homma inapod giraray sa Tokyo tanganing magserbing reserbang opisyal.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Agoncillo|first=Teodoro|title=The Fateful Years: Japan's Adventure in the Philippines, 1941–1945, Volume Two|publisher=University of the Philippines Press|date=2001|page=295}}&lt;/ref&gt;

An pagkadaog iyo an kapinunan kan tolo may kabangang taon nin maringis na pagtratar sa mga nakaligtas kan mga Alyado, kabali an mga atrosidad arog kan [[Martsa nin Kagadanan kan Bataan]] asin an kasakitan kan mga kampo nin bilanggoan kan mga Hapon, asin an &quot;[[Hell ship#Japanese hell ships|hell ships]]&quot; kun sain an mga Amerikano asin mga Alyado ipinadara sa Hapon tanganing gamiton bilang mga oripon sa mga pabrika asin mga pabrika. Rinibo an nag-iriba sa mga hold kan mga barkong Hapon na mayong tubig, kakanon, o supisyenteng bentilasyon.&lt;ref name=&quot;HS1&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.hellshipsmemorial.com/ |title=The Hellships Memorial |publisher=Hellships Memorial Project |access-date=April 14, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; An mga Hapon dai nagmarka nin &quot;POW&quot; sa mga kubyerta kan mga sakayan na ini,&lt;ref name=&quot;HS1&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;WPHS&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.west-point.org/family/japanese-pow/photos.htm |title=Hellship Information and Photographs |date=January 17, 2005 |publisher=West-Point.Org |access-date=April 14, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; asin an iba inatake asin ilinubog kan mga eroplano asin submarino kan mga Alyado.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=American POWs remember life in Japanese prison camp |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-pows-idUSPEK37053320070525 |work=Reuters |date=May 25, 2007 |access-date=April 14, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Halimbawa, kan 7 Setyembre 1944 an {{SS|Shinyō Maru}} napalubog kan {{USS|Paddle|SS-263|6}} na may pagkawara nin 668 na mga POW; mga 82 POW sana an nakaligtas.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://philippine-defenders.lib.wv.us/html/hellships.html |title=Hellships |work=Defenders of the Philippine |publisher=West Virginia Library Commission |access-date=April 14, 2011 |archive-date=April 19, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419055252/http://philippine-defenders.lib.wv.us/html/hellships.html |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dawa ngani an kampanya sarong kapangganahan kan mga Hapon, mas haloy pa kisa piglalaoman tanganing madaog an mga Pilipino asin Amerikano. Ini nangangaipo nin mga pwersa na dapat kutanang ginamit sa pag-atake sa [[Labanan sa Borneo (1941–1942)|Borneo]] asin [[Labanan sa Haba (1942)|Yawa]] tanganing ibalyo sa laban sa Filipinas&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=The Pacific War |last=Costello |first=John |year=1982 |publisher=HarperCollins |isbn=978-0-688-01620-3 |page=185 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lnf4Wnp_JZcC&amp;q=Philippines%20slowed%20Japanese%20advance&amp;pg=PA185 |access-date=April 14, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; asin pinaluway man an pag-abante sa [[Kampanya sa Bagong Guinea campaign|Bagong Guinea]] asin an [[Kampanya sa mga Isla nin Solomon|Solomon Islands]]. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.peleliu1944.com/momument.pdf |title=Manila American Cemetery and Memorial |publisher=[[American Battle Monuments Commission]] |access-date=April 14, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Durante kan [[pananakop kan Hapon sa Filipinas|pananakop kan Filipinas]], an mga gerilyang Amerikano asin Pilipino [[Pagtumang kan Filipinas laban sa Hapon|nakipaglaban sa pwersang nagsasakop]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |author=General MacArthur's General Staff |date=June 20, 2006 |orig-year=1966 |title=Reports of General MacArthur |chapter= Chapter X – Guerrilla Activities in the Philippines  |chapter-url=http://www.history.army.mil/books/wwii/MacArthur%20Reports/MacArthur%20V1/ch10.htm |publisher=United States Army |pages=295–326 |lccn=66-60005 |access-date=May 9, 2018 |archive-date=January 31, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160131040027/http://www.history.army.mil/books/wwii/macarthur%20reports/macarthur%20v1/ch10.htm |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; An pwersa kan mga Alyado asin Filipinong Komonwelt nagpoon kan [[Kampanya kan Filipinas (1944–1945)|kampanya tanganing mabawi an Filipinas]] kan 1944, na may [[Labanan sa Leyte|pagduong sa isla nin Leyte]]. Kan 29 Enero 1945 an mga pwersa kan Estados Unidos asin Filipinas nagpatalingkas nin mga POW sa [[Raid at Cabanatuan]].

===Importansya===
[[File:Tribune Apr 24 1942.jpg|thumb|upright|Diyaryo sa Manila na nagpapahayag kan pagbagsak kan Bataan]]
An pagdepensa kan Filipinas iyo an pinakahalawig na pagtumang sa Hokbong Imperyal kan Hapon sa inot na tangga kan Ikaduwang Gerang Pankinaban. Pagkatapos kan [[Labanan sa Bataan|Labanan sa Abucay]], an mga Hapon nagpoon na mag-atras sa Bataan asin nagpadagos kan saindang pag'atake kan Abril, na nagtao ki MacArthur nin 40 aldaw tanganing andamon an Australya bilang sarong base operasyonal; an inot na pagtumang sa Pilipinas nagtao sa Australia nin mahalagang panahon na mag-organisar para sa saiyang depensa.&lt;ref&gt;Webb, W. E. (1950). The Operations of the 41st Infantry Regiment (Philippine Army) of the 41st Infantry Division&lt;br /&gt;in the Defense of the Abucay Line, Bataan, Philippine Islands, January 10–18, 1942 (Philippine Campaign). The Infantry School, Staff Department. Fort Benning: US Army.&lt;/ref&gt; An pagtumang kan mga Pilipino-Amerikano laban sa mga Hapon sagkod sa pagbagsak kan Bataan kan 9 Abril 1942 naglawig nin 105 aldaw (3 bulan asin 2 aldaw).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Atienza |first=Rigoberto J. |title=A Time for War: 105 Days in Bataan |date=1985 |publisher=Eugenia S. vda. de Atienza |location=Manila}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Orden sa Laban kan USAFFE, 3 Disyembre 1941; mga tala nin mga nagadan==

===Pwersa kan Hokbo kan Estados Unidos sa Harayong Subangan===
Heneral '''[[Douglas MacArthur]]'''

====Mga pwersa sa daga====
: [[Konstabularyo kan Filipinas]] = '''''PC''''' (May. Hen. [[Guillermo B. Francisco|Guillermo Francisco]])
:: Ika-1 na Rehimente kan PC
:: Ika-2 na Rehimente kan PC
:: Ika-3 na Rehimente kan PC
:: Ika-4 na Rehimente kan PC
: HQ Dept. kan Filipinas (May. Hen. [[George Grunert]])

: Headquarters, [[Harbor Defenses of Manila and Subic Bays]]
: '''[[Dibisyon kan Filipinas (Estados Unidos)|Dibisyon kan Filipinas]]''' (PS=[[Philippine Scouts]]) (Kan 31 Hulyo 1941, an Dibisyon igwa nin bilang na 10,743)
:: Post Service Command (PS) (175 an gadan na piglista kan ABMC )
:: '''Inpantriya'''
::: [[Ika-31 na Rehimente nin Inpantriya (Estados Unidos)|Ika-31 na Rehimente nin Inpantriya kan E.U.]] (Naglista an ABMC nin 936 gadan)
::: [[Ika-43 na Rehimente nin Inpantriya (Estados Unidos)|Ika-43 na Rehimente nin Inpantriya kan E.U.]] (PS) (Naglista an ABMC nin 31 gadan)
::: [[Ika-45 na Rehimente nin Inpantriya (Estados Unidos)|Ika-45 na Rehimente nin Inpantriya kan E.U.]] (PS) (Naglista an ABMC nin 1,039 gadan)
::: [[Ika-57 na Rehimente nin Inpantriya (Estados Unidos)|Ika-57 na Rehimente nin Inpantriya kan E.U.]] (PS) (Naglista an ABMC nin 983 gadan)
::: [[Ika-26 na Rehimente nin mga Kabalyero (Estados Unidos)|Ika-26 na Rehimente nin mga Kabalyero kan E.U.]] (Naglista an ABMC nin 301 gadan)

:: '''Provisional Tank Group''' ([[Brigader heneral (Estados Unidos)|Brig. Gen.]] [[James R.N. Weaver|James Weaver]])&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=The Times When Men Must Die: The Story of the Destruction of the Philippine Army During the Early Months of World War II in the Pacific, December 1941 – May 1942 |last=Diosco |first=Marconi M. |year=2010 |publisher=[[Dorrance Publishing Co.]] |location=[[Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania]] |isbn=978-1-4349-0809-4 |page=40 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y27BAbDZLXEC&amp;pg=PA40 |access-date=May 30, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Capistrano |first=Robert |date=1982 |title=The Southwest Pacific Theater or Operations |volume=37 |pages=11–13 |work=The Quan |publisher=American Defenders of Bataan &amp; Corregidor, Inc. |issue=2 |url=http://philippine-defenders.lib.wv.us/QuanNews/quan1900s/quan1980s/september_1982_quan.pdf |url-status=gadan |access-date=May 30, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110824110022/http://philippine-defenders.lib.wv.us/QuanNews/quan1900s/quan1980s/september_1982_quan.pdf |archive-date=2011-08-24 |quote=Provisional Tank Group: BG James R.N. Weaver, USA (Ft. Stotsenburg)(organized 21 November 1941 with the arrival of the following units) |accessdate=2025-10-13 |archivedate=2011-08-24 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110824110022/http://philippine-defenders.lib.wv.us/QuanNews/quan1900s/quan1980s/september_1982_quan.pdf }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite magazine |last=MacArthur |first=Douglas |date=July 1964 |title=The Country's Safety Was at State and I Said So |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nEEEAAAAMBAJ&amp;q=Brigadier%20General%20James%20R.%20N.%20Weaver&amp;pg=PA66-IA2 |magazine=Life |volume=57 |issue=1 |pages=55–66 |quote=At this critical point I threw in my last reserve supported by a small light tank force under Brig. General James R. N. Weaver. |via=Google Books}}&lt;/ref&gt;
::: Ika-17 na Batalyon nin Ordnansya (sarong Kompanya) (Naglista an ABMC nin 45 gadan)
::: [[Ika-192 na Batalyon nin Tangke]] (Naglista an ABMC nin 189 gadan)&lt;ref&gt;An Kompanya A gikan sa [[Janesville, Wisconsin]]; An Kompanya B gikan sa Maywood asin [[Proviso Township, Cook County, Illinois]]; An Kompanya C gikan sa [[Port Clinton, Ohio]]; An Kompanya D aka &quot;Harrodsburg Tankers&quot; gikan sa [[Harrodsburg, Kentucky]]; hilingon an [https://books.google.com/books?id=400EAAAAMBAJ]&lt;/ref&gt;+ HQ Co 192nd Tank Battalion (Naglista an ABMC nin 2 gadan){{efn|An artikulo kan Ika-192 na Batalyon nin Tangke nagbabareta na 328 an dai nakaligtas sa gera}}
::: Ika-194 na Batalyon nin Tangke na hababa sa Kompanya B (Naglista an ABMC nin183 gadan)

:: '''Artilerya'''
::: Ika-1 na Artilerya sa Baybayon kan Filipinas  (Naglista an ABMC nin1 gadan)
::: [[Ika-23 na Rehimento nin Artilerya sa Daga (Estados Unidos)|Ika-23 na Artilerya sa Daga]] (PS) (Btry A) (Naglista an ABMC nin159 gadan+ 1 gadan) (Inot na Batalyon)
::: [[Ika-24 na Rehimento nin Artilerya sa Daga (Estados Unidos)|Ika-23 na Artilerya sa Daga]] (PS) (Naglista an ABMC nin309 gadan)
::: [[Ika-59 na Rehimento nin Artilerya sa Depensa sa Ere (Estados Unidos)|Ika-59 na Artilerya sa Baybayon]] (batalan/soldados kan E.U.) (Corregidor) (Naglista an ABMC nin 329 gadan+1 (Kol. Paul Bunker))
::: Ika-86 na Artilerya sa Daga (PS) (Naglista an ABMC nin 169 total (8 gadan for Regiment + 161 gadan para sa Batalyon)
::: Ika-88 na Artilerya sa Daga (PS) (Naglista an ABMC nin 186 gadan)
::: [[Ika-91 na Artilerya sa Baybayon (Estados Unidos)|Ika-91 na Artilerya sa Baybayon]] (PS) (Naglista an ABMC nin 202 gadan)
::: [[Ika-92 na Artilerya sa Baybayon (Estados Unidos)|Ika-92 na Artilerya sa Baybayon]] (PS) (Corregidor) (Naglista an ABMC nin 200 gadan)
::: [[Ika-200 na Artilerya sa Baybayon (Estados Unidos)|Ika-200 na Artilerya sa Baybayon]] (Soldados kan EU) (Naglista an ABMC nin373 gadan)
::: [[Ika-60 na Artilerya sa Baybayon (Estados Unidos)]] (Corregidor) (Naglista an ABMC nin 390 gadan)
::: Ika-515 na Rehimente nin Artilerya sa Baybayon (Soldados kan EU) (Naglista an ABMC nin207 gadan)

:: '''Suporta'''
::: Ika-14 na Rehimente nin Inhinyero (PS) (Naglista an ABMC nin324 gadan)
::: Ika-14 na Batalyon nin Inhinyero (PS) (Naglista an ABMC nin4 gadan)
::: Ika-202 na Batalyon nin Inhinyero kan Filipinas (Soldados kan EU) (Naglista an ABMC nin 9 gadan)
::: Ika-12 na Batalyon nin Medikal (PS) (Naglista an ABMC nin 121 gadan)
::: Ika-12 na Rehimente nin Medikal (PS) (Naglista an ABMC nin 13 gadan)
::: Ika-7 na Batalyon nin Medikal (PS) (Naglista an ABMC nin 0 gadan)
::: Ika-12 na Kompanya nin Pulis Militar (PS) (Naglista an ABMC nin 40 gadan)
::: Ika-808 na Kompanya nin Pulis Militar (Soldados kan EU) (Naglista an ABMC nin 90 gadan)
::: Ika-47 na Kompanya nin Transportasyon nin Motor (PS) (Naglista an ABMC nin 1 gadan)
::: Ika-12 na Kompanya nin mga Ordnansa (PS) (Naglista an ABMC nin 45 gadan)
::: Ika-12 na Kompanya nin mga Ordnansa (Soldados kan EU) (Naglista an ABMC nin 45 gadan)
::: Ika-75 na Kompanya nin Depot nin Ordnansa (Soldados kan EU) (Naglista an ABMC nin 3 gadan)
::: Ika-75 na Kompanya nin mga Ordnansa (Soldados kan EU) (Naglista an ABMC nin 35 gadan)
::: Ika-12 na Batalyon nin Opisyal nin Intendensya (Quartermaster) HQ (PS) (Naglista an ABMC nin 3 gadan)
::: Ika-12 na Batalyon nin Opisyal nin Intendensya (PS) (Naglista an ABMC nin 70 gadan)
::: [[Ika-12 na Rehimente nin Opisyal nin Intendensya (Estados Unidos)]] (PS) (Naglista an ABMC nin 90 gadan)
::: Ika-74 na Opisyal nin Intendensya nin Corps sa Panaderya (PS) (Naglista an ABMC nin 17 gadan)
::: Ika-12 na Kompanya nin Signal (PS) (Naglista an ABMC nin 77 gadan)
::: Ika-252 na Kompanya nin Konstruksiyon kan Signal (PS) (Naglista an ABMC nin 44 gadan)

====Mga pwersa sa Ere====
: '''[[Pwersa sa Ere sa Harayong Subangan (Estados Unidos)|Puwersa sa Ere sa Harayong Sirangan]]''' 
: Mayor Heneral '''[[Lewis H. Brereton]]'''
: Brigader Heneral [[Harold H. George|Harold Huston George]]{{efn|Nagadan sa aksidente sa paglupad sa Australia 30 Abril 1942}}
:: Ika-5 na Grupo sa Base nin Ere
:: '''[[V Bomber Command]]'''
::: '''[[Ika-19 na Grupo nin Operasyon|Ika-19 na Grupo nin Bomba (Magabat)]]''' (Headquarters, Clark Field) (Naglista an ABMC nin 3 gadan); HQ Squadron 19th BG (Naglista an ABMC nin 103 gadan)
:::: [[Ika-14 na Iskwadron nin Pagbomba|Ika-14 na Iskwadron nin Bomba]] ([[Del Monte Field]], Disyembre 5, 8 [[B-17 Flying Fortress]]) (Naglista an ABMC nin 13 gadan)
:::: [[Ika-28 na Iskwadron nin Bomba]] ([[Clark Field]], 8 B-17) (Naglista an ABMC nin 93 gadan)
:::: [[Ika-30 na Iskwadron nin Pagbomba|Ika-30 na Iskwadron nin Bomba]] (Clark Field, 9 B-17) (Naglista an ABMC nin 110 gadan)
:::: [[Ika-93 na Iskwadron nin Bomba|Ika-93 na Iskwadron nin Bomba]] (Del Monte Field, Disyembre 5, 8 B-17) (Naglista an ABMC nin 116 gadan)
:::: Ika-440 na Iskwadron nin Ordnansa (Naglista an ABMC nin 68 gadan)
::: '''[[Ika-27 na Grupo nin Espesyal na Operasyon|Ika-27 na Grupo nin Bomba (Magian)]]'''{{efn|An Ground echelon nakipaglaban sa Bataan bilang 2nd Battalion (27th Bombardment Group) Provisional Infantry Regiment (Air Corp).}} Headquarters (Naglista an ABMC nin 3 gadan)
:::: [[Ika-2ng Iskwadron nin Paggasolina sa Ere|Ika-2ng Iskwadron nin Obserbasyon]] (Nichols Field, 21 various aircraft) (Naglista an ABMC nin 71 gadan)
:::: [[Ika-522 na Iskwadron nin Parapakilaban|Ika-16 na Iskwadron nin Bomba]] ([[Fort William McKinley]]) (Naglista an ABMC nin 72 gadan)
:::: [[Ika-523 na Iskwadron nin Parapakilaban|Ika-17 na Iskwadron nin Bomba]] (San Fernando Field) (Naglista an ABMC nin 62 gadan)
:::: [[Ika-524 na Iskwadron nin Parapakilaban|Ika-91 Iskwadron nin Bomba]] (San Marcelino Field, [[B-18 Bolo]]) (Naglista an ABMC nin 76 gadan)
:::: Ika-48 na Iskwadron nin Materyales (Naglista an ABMC nin 53 gadan+ 19 man an nailistang gadan kan an ika-48 na Iskwadron parte kan V Air Base Group)
:::: Ika-454 na Iskwadron nin Ordnansa (Naglista an ABMC nin 71 gadan)

:: '''V Interceptor Command'''
::: '''Ika-19 na Grupo nin Base sa Ere''' (Naglista an ABMC nin 1 gadan)
::: '''[[Ika-20 na Grupo nin Base sa Ere]]''' (Naglista an ABMC nin 1 gadan)
:::: Tow Target Detachment
:::: Ika-5ng Pagbulag (Detachment) sa Komunikasyon (Naglista an ABMC nin 0 gadan)
:::: Ika-5ng Pagbulag sa Panahon (Naglista an ABMC nin 0 gadan)
:::: Pagbulag sa Kemikal nin Pakikilaban
::::: Ika-4 na Kompanya nin Kemikal (Abyasyon) (Naglista an ABMC nin 33 gadan)
::::: Ika-5 na Pagbulag nin Kemikal (Kompanya-Abyasyon) (Naglista an ABMC nin 2 gadan)
:::: Ika-19 na Iskwadron nin Base sa Ere (Naglista an ABMC nin 79 gadan)
:::: Ika-27 na Iskwadron nin Materyales (Naglista an ABMC nin 75 gadan)
:::: Ika-28 na Iskwadron nin Materyales (Naglista an ABMC nin 92 gadan)
:::: Ika-47 na Iskwadron nin Materyales
:::: Ika-803 na Pagbulag nin Pag-inhinyero (Batalyon-Abyasyon) (Naglista an ABMC nin 232 gadan)
:::: Ika-809 na Pagbulag nin Pag-inhinyero
:::: Ika-409 na Pagbulag nin Signal/Komunikasyon (Kompanya-Abyasyon) (Naglista an ABMC nin 29 gadan)
:::: Ika-429 na Pagbulag nin Mantenir
::: '''[[Ika-24 na Grupo nin Paghanap]]/Pursuit Group''' (Headquarters, Clark Field). Colonel Orrin l. Grover. HQ Squadron (Naglista an ABMC nin 112 gadan)
:::: [[Ika-3 na Iskwadron nin Paghanap|Ika-3ng Iskwadron nin Paghanap]] ([[Iba, Zambales|Iba Field]], 18 [[P-40 Warhawk|P-40E Warhawk]]) (Naglista an ABMC nin 0 gadan)
:::: [[Ika-17 na Iskwadron nin mga Armas|Ika-17ng Iskwadron nin Paghanap]] ([[Nichols Field]], 18 P-40E) (Naglista an ABMC nin 0 gadan)
:::: [[Ika-20 na Iskwadron nin Paghanap]] (Clark Field, 18 P-40B) (Naglista an ABMC nin 96 gadan)
::: '''[[Ika-35 na Grupo nin Operasyon|Ika-35 na Grupo nin Paghanap]]''' (opisina prinsipal pasiring sa Filipinas) (Naglista an ABMC nin 5 gadan)
:::: [[Ika-21 na Iskwadron nin Paghanap]] (nakalakip sa 24th PG, Nichols Field, 18 P-40E na naresibe kan Disyembre 7) (Naglista an ABMC nin 89 gadan)
:::: [[34th Pursuit Squadron]] (nakalakip sa 24th PG, Del Carmen Field, 18 [[Seversky P-35A]] na naresibe kan Disyembre 7) (Naglista an ABMC nin 0 gadan)
:: Detachment nin Patanid sa Eroplano kan Filipinas 
:: Ika-6 na Iskwadron nin Paghanap, [[Philippine Army Air Corps]] (Batangas Field, 12 [[P-26 Peashooter]]) (Naglista an ABMC nin [[César Basa|1 gadan]])

===Hokbo kan Filipinas===
Mayor Heneral '''[[Basilio Valdes]]'''
: Ika-1 na (Regular) Dibisyon (Brig. Hen. [[Fidel Segundo|Fidel V. Segundo]] / Kol. Kearie Berry)
:: Ika-1 na Rehimente nin Inpantriya
:: Ika-3 na Rehimente nin Inpantriya
:: Ika-4 na Rehimente nin Inpantriya
:: Ika-1 na Grupo nin Artilerya sa Daga
: Ika-2ng Dibisyon kan PC (May. Hen. [[Guillermo B. Francisco|Guillermo Francisco]])
:: Ika-1 na Rehimente kan PC (Lt. Kol. [[Mariano Castañeda]])
:: Ika-2 na Rehimente kan PC (Lt. Kol. Manuel V. Anastacio)
:: Ika-4 na Rehimente kan PC (Lt. Kol. [[Rafael Jalandoni]])
:: Ika-2 na Rehimente nin Artilerya sa Daga(PC) (Lt. Kol. Emmanuel Cepeda)
: Ika-11 na Dibisyon (Brig. Hen. [[William E. Brougher|William Brougher]])
:: Ika-11 na Dibisyon kan HQ (Naglista an ABMC nin 1 gadan)
:: Ika-11 na Dibisyon kan HQ Com (Naglista an ABMC nin 1 gadan)
:: Ika-11 na Rehimente nin Inpantriya (Naglista an ABMC nin 4 gadan)
:: Ika-12 na Rehimente nin Inpantriya (Naglista an ABMC nin 2 gadan)
:: Ika-13 na Rehimente nin Inpantriya (Naglista an ABMC nin 1 gadan)
:: Ika-11 na Rehimente nin Artilerya sa Daga (Naglista an ABMC nin 1 gadan)
: Ika-21 na Dibisyon (Brig. Hen. [[Mateo M. Capinpin|Mateo Capinpin]])
:: Ika-21 na Rehimente nin Inpantriya (Naglista an ABMC nin 3 gadan)
:: Ika-22 na Rehimente nin Inpantriya (Naglista an ABMC nin 3 gadan)
:: Ika-21 na Rehimente nin Artilerya sa Daga (Naglista an ABMC nin 3 gadan)
:: Ika-21 na Batalyon nin Inhinyero (Naglista an ABMC nin 2 gadan)
: Ika-31 na Dibisyon (Brig. Gen. [[Clifford Bluemel]])
:: Ika-31 na Rehimente nin Inpantriya (Naglista an ABMC nin 6 gadan)
:: Ika-32 na Rehimente nin Inpantriya (Naglista an ABMC nin 3 gadan)
:: Ika-31 na Rehimente nin Artilerya sa Daga (Naglista an ABMC nin 2 gadan)
:: Ika-31 na Batalyon nin Inhinyero (Naglista an ABMC nin 1 gadan)
: Ika-41 na Dibisyon (Brig. Hen. [[Vicente Lim]]) (Nailista na gadan kan ABMC)
:: Ika-41 na Rehimente nin Inpantriya (Naglista an ABMC nin 6 gadan)
:: Ika-42 na Rehimente nin Inpantriya (Naglista an ABMC nin 4 gadan)
:: Ika-41 na Batalyon nin Inhinyero (Naglista an ABMC nin 1 gadan)
: Ika-51 na Dibisyon (Brig. Hen. [[Albert M. Jones|Albert Jones]] / Kol. Adlai Young)
:: Ika-51 na Rehimente nin Inpantriya (Naglista an ABMC nin 4 gadan)
:: Ika-52 na Rehimente nin Inpantriya (Naglista an ABMC nin 4 gadan)
:: Ika-53 na Rehimente nin Inpantriya (Naglista an ABMC nin 4 gadan)
:: Ika-51 na Rehimente nin Artilerya sa Daga(Naglista an ABMC nin 4 gadan)
: Ika-61 na Dibisyon (Brig Hen. [[Bradford G. Chynoweth|Bradford Chynoweth]] / Kol. Albert Christie)
:: Ika-61 na Dibisyon kan HQ (Naglista an ABMC nin 1 gadan)
:: Ika-61 na Rehimente nin Inpantriya (Naglista an ABMC nin 1 gadan)
:: Ika-62 na Rehimente nin Inpantriya (Naglista an ABMC nin 4 gadan)
:: Ika-63 na Rehimente nin Inpantriya (Naglista an ABMC nin 1 gadan)
:: Ika-64 na Rehimente nin Inpantriya
:: Ika-65 na  Rehimente nin Inpantriya
:: Ika-61 na Rehimente nin Artilerya sa Daga (Naglista an ABMC nin 4 gadan)
: Ika-71 na Dibisyon (Brig. Hen. [[Clyde A. Selleck|Clyde Selleck]] / Brig. Hen. [[Clinton A. Pierce|Clinton Pierce]])
:: Ika-71 na Rehimente nin Inpantriya (Naglista an ABMC nin 2 gadan)
:: Ika-72 na Rehimente nin Inpantriya (Naglista an ABMC nin 6 gadan)
:: Ika-73 na Rehimente nin Inpantriya (Naglista an ABMC nin 3 gadan)
:: Ika-74 na Rehimente nin Inpantriya (Naglista an ABMC nin 1 gadan)
:: Ika-75 na Rehimente nin Inpantriya (Naglista an ABMC nin 1 gadan)
:: Ika-71 na Rehimente nin Artilerya sa Daga(Naglista an ABMC nin 1 gadan)
:: Ika-71 na Quartermaster Co (Naglista an ABMC nin 1 gadan)
: Ika-81 na Dibisyon (Brig Gen [[Guy Fort|Guy O. Fort]]) (KIA)
:: Ika-81 na Dibisyon (Naglista an ABMC nin 5 gadan)
:: Ika-82 na Rehimente nin Inpantriya (Naglista an ABMC nin 2 gadan)
:: Ika-83 na Rehimente nin Inpantriya (Naglista an ABMC nin 1 gadan)
:: Ika-81 na Rehimente nin Artilerya sa Daga (Naglista an ABMC nin 2 gadan)
:: Ika-81 na Batalyon nin Inhinyero (Naglista an ABMC nin 1 gadan)
: Ika-91 na Dibisyon (Brig. Hen. [[Luther R. Stevens|Luther Stevens]])
:: Ika-91 na Dibisyon kan HQ (Naglista an ABMC nin 1 gadan)
:: Ika-91 na Rehimente nin Inpantriya (Naglista an ABMC nin 2 gadan)
:: Ika-92 na Rehimente nin Inpantriya (Naglista an ABMC nin 5 gadan)
:: Ika-93 na Rehimente nin Inpantriya (Naglista an ABMC nin 1 gadan)
:: Ika-91 na Rehimente nin Artilerya sa Daga(Naglista an ABMC nin 5 gadan)
: Ika-101 na Dibisyon (Brig. Gen. [[Joseph P. Vachon|Joseph Vachon]])
: (Naglista an ABMC nin 1 with Dibisyon)
:: Ika-101 na Rehimente nin Inpantriya (Naglista an ABMC nin 7 gadan)
:: Ika-102 na Rehimente nin Inpantriya (Naglista an ABMC nin 0 gadan)
:: Ika-103 na Rehimente nin Inpantriya (Naglista an ABMC nin 3 gadan)
:: Ika-101 na Rehimente nin Artilerya sa DagaNaglista an ABMC nin 1 gadan)
:: Ika-101 na Batalyon nin Inhinyero (Naglista an ABMC nin 1 gadan)
: Ika-102 na Dibisyon (Kol. [[William P. Morse]])
: Probisyonal na Brigada nin Artilerya sa Daga (Kol. Albert Ives)
: [[Harbor Defenses of Manila and Subic Bays]]{{efn| Para sa kusog kan Nobyembre 1941 hilingon an [http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USA/USA-P-PI/USA-P-PI-3.html]}}
:: An mga depensa sa pantalan kabali an mga yunit na nakalista sa itaas
:: HQ asin Baterya kan HQ 
::: [[Ika-59 na Rehimente sa Artilerya nin Depensa sa Ere|Ika-59 na Artilerya sa Baybayon]] (hilingon sa itaas para sa mga listahan nin mga nagadan)
::: [[Ika-60 na Artilerya sa Baybayon]] (hilingon sa itaas para sa mga listahan nin mga nagadan)
::: [[Ika-91 na Artilerya sa Baybayon (Estados Unidos)|Ika-91 na Artilerya sa Baybayon]] (PS) (hilingon sa itaas para sa mga listahan nin mga nagadan)
::: [[Ika-92 na Artilerya sa Baybayon (Estados Unidos)|Ika-92 na Artilerya sa Baybayon]] (PS) (hilingon sa itaas para sa mga listahan nin mga nagadan)
:: [[U.S. Army Mine Planter Service|USAMP]] ''Harrison''&lt;ref name=CAJHarris1/&gt;
: Ospital sa Estasyon
: Detachment sa Armas Kemikal

===Hokbong-dagat kan Estados Unidos===
[[United States Asiatic Fleet]] asin [[16th Naval District]]&lt;br&gt;
Admiral '''[[Thomas C. Hart]]'''
: '''1 heavy cruiser'''
:: {{USS|Houston|CA-30}} – nadaog kan 1 Marso 1942, 368 an nakaligtas sa 1,061 na tripulante
: '''2 light cruisers'''
:: {{USS|Boise|CL-47}}
:: {{USS|Marblehead|CL-12}}
: '''13 destroyers'''
:: Destroyer Squadron 29 (Kapt. Herbert V. Wiley)
::: {{USS|Black Hawk|AD-9}}
::: {{USS|Paul Jones|DD-230}}
:: Destroyer Division 50 (Kmdr. [[P.H. Talbot]])
::: {{USS|John D. Ford|DD-228}}
::: {{USS|Peary|DD-226}} – nakadulag pasiring sa Australia; nalubog kan 19 Pebrero 1942
::: {{USS|Pillsbury|DD-227}} – nakadulag pasiring sa Dutch East Indies; nalubog kan 2 Marso 1942
::: {{USS|Pope|DD-225}} – nakadulag pasiring sa Dutch East Indies; nalubog kan 1 Marso 1942
:: Destroyer Division 57 (Kmdr. E.M. Crouch)
::: {{USS|Alden|DD-211}}
::: {{USS|Edsall|DD-219}} – nakadulag pasiring sa Australia; nalubog kan 1 Mar 1942
::: {{USS|John D. Edwards|DD-216}}
::: {{USS|Whipple|DD-217}}
:: Destroyer Division 58 (Kmdr. Thomas H. Binford)
::: {{USS|Barker|DD-213}}
::: {{USS|Bulmer|DD-222}}
::: {{USS|Parrott|DD-218}}
::: {{USS|Stewart|DD-224}} – nakadulag pasiring sa Haba asin nawara kan 2 Marso 1942; nasalbar bilang IJN Patrol Boat 102, nalubog kan 1946
: '''1 minesweeper'''
:: {{USS|Whippoorwill|AM-35}}
: '''6 [[Motor Torpedo Boat|PT boats]]'''
:: [[Motor Torpedo Boat Squadron Three]]
::: ''PT-31'', ''PT-32'', ''PT-33'', ''PT-34'', ''PT-35'', ''PT-41'' — gabos nawara 6 Disyembre 1941–Marso 1942.
: '''US Submarines at Manila''' ([[Mariveles Naval Section Base]], [[Cavite, Filipinas]])
:: [[Submarine Squadron 2]] (12 ''S''- asin ''Salmon''-class)
:: Submarine Squadron 5 (11 ''Porpoise''- asin ''Sargo''-class)
:: Submarine Squadron 21 (4 ''Porpoise''- asin ''Sargo''-class)
:: submarine tender {{USS|Holland|AS-3}}
:: 6 [[United_States S-class submarine|''S''-class]] (4 torpedo tubes, 14 knots surfaced)
::: {{USS|S-36|SS-141}} – nawara pakatapos kan pag-ground kan 21 Enero 1942
::: {{USS|S-37|SS-142}}
::: {{USS|S-38|SS-143}}
::: {{USS|S-39|SS-144}} – nagsadsad asin inabandona kadtong 13 Agosto 1942
::: {{USS|S-40|SS-145}}
::: {{USS|S-41|SS-146}}
:: 7 [[Estados Unidos Porpoise-class submarine|''Porpoise''-class]] (6 torpedo tubes, 18 knots surfaced)
::: {{USS|Porpoise|SS-172}}
::: {{USS|Pike|SS-173}}
::: {{USS|Shark|SS-174}}
::: {{USS|Tarpon|SS-175}}
::: {{USS|Perch|SS-176}} – nakadulag pasiring sa Australia; nawara kan 3 Marso 1942 (6 sa 54 na tripulante an dai nakaligtas sa gera)
::: {{USS|Pickerel|SS-177}} – nakadulag pasiring sa Australia; nawara sa gabos na kamot 3 Abril 1943
::: {{USS|Permit|SS-178}}
:: 5 [[Salmon-class submarine|''Salmon''-class]] (8 torpedo tubes, 21 knots surfaced)
::: {{USS|Salmon|SS-182}}
::: {{USS|Seal|SS-183}}
::: {{USS|Snapper|SS-185}}
::: {{USS|Stingray|SS-186}}
::: {{USS|Sturgeon|SS-187}}
:: 9 [[Sargo-class submarine|''Sargo''-class]] (8 torpedo tubes, 21 knots surfaced)
::: {{USS|Sargo|SS-188}}
::: {{USS|Saury|SS-189}}
::: {{USS|Spearfish|SS-190}}
::: {{USS|Sculpin|SS-191}}
::: {{USS|Swordfish|SS-193}}
::: {{USS|Seadragon|SS-194}}
::: {{USS|Sealion|SS-195}} – nawara kan 25 Disyembre 1941 pagkatapos kan danyos kan 10 Disyembre 1941; 5 tripulante an nawara sa gera &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.oneternalpatrol.com/uss-sealion-195.htm|title=On Eternal Patrol – USS Sealion (SS-195)|website=www.oneternalpatrol.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
::: {{USS|Searaven|SS-196}}
::: {{USS|Seawolf|SS-197}}

: '''Patrol Wing 10''' (Cavite Naval Base, Luzon, Filipinas)
:: Capt. [[Frank Dechant Wagner|Frank D. Wagner]]
::: VP-101
::: VP-102
::: destroyer {{USS|Childs|DD-241}}
::: destroyer {{USS|William B. Preston|DD-344}}
::: minesweeper {{USS|Heron|AM-10}}

: Kan Disyembre 1941, an mga pwersa Hokbong-dagat pinadakula kan minasunod:
:: schooner [[USS Lanikai|USS ''Lanikai'']]
:: Station Cast US Navy Code na nagbabalga sa militar kan Hapon; nag-ebakwar sa Australia 1942
: Dugang pa 2 district patrol craft na ''YP-16'' asin ''YP-17'' asin mga 70 na manlaen-laen na district craft an nawara sa Pilipinas kan 1942.

: '''[[Yangtze Patrol]] kan Tsina'''
:: Rear Admiral [[William A. Glassford]]
::: gunboat {{USS|Asheville|PG-21}} – nadaog kan 3 Marso 1942; 161 tripulante an nawara
::: gunboat {{USS|Tulsa|PG-22}}
::: gunboat {{USS|Luzon|PG-47}} – nawara kan 6 Mayo 1942 alagad nasalbar kan mga Hapon; nalubog sa Filipinas kan {{USS|Narwhal|SS-167}} kan 3 Mar 1944
::: river gunboat {{USS|Wake|PR-3}} – nadakop kan 8 Disyembre 1941
::: river gunboat {{USS|Oahu|PR-6}} – nalubog kan 5 Mayo 1942
::: river gunboat {{USS|Mindanao|PR-8}} – nawara kan 2 Mayo 1942

: '''Iba pang pagkalugi kan US Navy'''
:: armored cruiser {{USS|New York|ACR-2}} nawara kan Disyembre 1941
:: minesweeper {{USS|Finch|AM-9}} naubusan nin gasolina asin binayaan kan Marso, na linabog kan mga Hapon kan 9 Abril 1942; nasalbar bilang IJN ''Patrol Boat 103'', nalubog kan 1945
:: minesweeper {{USS|Bittern|AM-36}} nawara kan 10 Dis 1941
:: minesweeper {{USS|Pigeon|ASR-6}} nalubog kan 4 Mayo 1942
:: minesweeper {{USS|Quail|AM-15}} nawara pakatapos nin danyos sa pag'atake sa ere asin ibabaw kan 5 Mayo 1942
:: submarine tender {{USS|Canopus|AS-9}} nawara kan 10 Abril 1942 (548 na tripulante an nagserbi sa 4th Marine Regiment 212 KIA/MIA)
:: fleet tug {{USS|Genesee|AT-55}} nawara kan 5 Mayo 1942 alagad nasalbar kan mga Hapon; nalubog kan 5 Nob 1944
:: seaplane tender {{USS|Langley|AV-3}} nakadulag pasiring sa Dutch East Indies asin Australia; nawara kan 8 Mayo 1942
:: survey ship [[USC&amp;GSS Pathfinder (1899–1941)|USC&amp;GSS ''Research'']] nagsadsad kan 30 Enero 1942

===Pulutong nin Marina kan Estados Unidos ===
* [[Ika-4 na Rehimente nin Marina]] (Komander Kolonel [[Samuel L. Howard]]) na nakadestino sa Corregidor; igwa nin 142 na manlaen-laen na organisasyon:
** USMC: 72 na opisyales; 1,368 an nakalista
** USN: 37 na opisyales; 848 an nakalista
** USAAC/PA: 111 na opisyales; 1,455 an nakalista

An Kaswalti kan Ika-4 na Marina, 315 nagadan/15 MIA/357 WIA sa Kampanya sa Filipinas.[http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USMC/I/USMC-I-IV-3.html] 105 Marines an nadakop sa Bataan asin 1,283 an nadakop sa Corregidor kun saen 490 an dai nakaligtas.[http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USMC/V/USMC-V-A.html#Philippines]

===Sari-sari===
{{See also|Departamento kan Filipinas}}
Harbour Defenses, Abril 15, 1942 (May. Hen. [[George F. Moore (Opisyal nin Soldados kan EU)|George F. Moore]]):
* Soldados kan EU: 5,012
* Hokbong-dagat kan EU: 2,158
* USMC: 1,617
* Philippine Scouts: 1,298
* Hokbo kan Filipinas: 1,818
* Hokbong-dagat kan Filipinas: 400
* Sibilyan kan EU: 343
* Mga sibilyan (lain): 2,082
* [[Army Nurse Corps (Estados Unidos)|Army Nurse Corps]], [[United States Navy Nurse Corps|Navy Nurse Corps]]: 78 (&quot;[[Mga anghel kan Bataan]]&quot;)

==Hilingon man==
* [[Aldaw nin Kabagsikan]]

==Mga Tala==
{{notelist}}

==Mga toltolan==
{{reflist}}

== Mga pinagkuanan==
* {{Cite book
| last       = Bartsch
| first      = William H.
| year       = 2003
| title      = December 8, 1941: MacArthur's Pearl Harbor
| publisher  = Texas A&amp;M University Press
| location   = College Station
}}
* {{Cite book
| last       = Belote
| first      = James H.
| author2    = William M. Belote
| year       = 1967
| title      = Corregidor: The Saga of a Fortress
| publisher  = Harper &amp; Row
| asin=  B0006BOBRQ
}}
* {{Cite book
| last       = Berhow
| first      = Mark A.
| author2    = Terrance C. McGovern
| year       = 2003
| title      = American Defenses of Corregidor and Manila Bay 1898–1945 (Fortress)
| publisher  = Osprey Publishing Ltd
| isbn       = 1-84176-427-2
}}
* {{Cite book
| last       = Burton
| first      = John
| year       = 2006
| title      = Fortnight of Infamy: The Collapse of Allied Airpower West of Pearl Harbor
| publisher  = US Naval Institute Press
| isbn       = 1-59114-096-X
}}
* {{Cite book
| last       = Connaughton
| first      = Richard
| author-link = Richard Connaughton
| year       = 2001
| title      = MacArthur and Defeat in the Philippines
| url       = https://archive.org/details/macarthurdefeati00conn
| url-access = registration
| publisher  = The Overlook Press
| location   = New York
| isbn = 9781585671182
}}
* {{Cite book
| last       = Drea
| first      = Edward J.
| year       = 1998
| title      = In the Service of the Emperor: Essays on the Imperial Japanese Army
| publisher  = University of Nebraska Press
| location   = Nebraska
| isbn       = 0-8032-1708-0
}}
* {{Cite book
| last       = Edmunds
| first      = Walter D.
| year       = 1951
| title      = They Fought With What They Had: The Story of the Army Air Forces in the Southwest Pacific, 1941–1942
| url        = https://books.google.com/books?id=KCG-LP5R3QcC
| publisher  = Little, Brown and Company (1992 reprint: Center For Air Force History)
| isbn       = 978-1442142596
| location   = College Station
}}
* {{Cite book
| last       = Gordon
| first      = John
| year       = 2011
| title      = Fighting for MacArthur: The Navy and Marine Corps' Desperate Defense of the Philippines
| publisher  = Naval Institute Press
| isbn       = 978-1-61251-057-6
}}
* {{Cite book
| last       = Jackson
| first      = Charles
| author2    = Bruce H. Norton
| year       = 2003
| title      = I Am Alive!: A United States Marine's Story of Survival in a World war II Japanese POW Camp
| publisher  = Presidio Press
| isbn       = 0-345-44911-8
}}
* {{Cite book
| last       = Mallonee
| first      = Richard C.
| year       = 2003
| title      = Battle for Bataan: An Eyewitness Account
| publisher  = I Books
| isbn       = 0-7434-7450-3
}}
* {{Cite book
| last       = Martin
| first      = Adrian R.
| year       = 2008
| title      = Operation Plum: The Ill-Fated 27th Bombardment Group and the Fight for the Western Pacific
| publisher  = Texas A&amp;M University Press
| isbn       = 978-1-60344-019-6
}}
* {{Cite book
| last       = Mellnik
| first      = Stephen Michael
| year       = 1981
| title      = Philippine War Diary, 1939–1945
| publisher  = Van Nostrand Reinhold
| isbn       = 0-442-21258-5
}}
* {{Cite book
| last       = Morison
| first      = Samuel Eliot
| author-link = Samuel Eliot Morison
| orig-year   = 1958
| year       = 2001
| title      = The Rising Sun in the Pacific 1931 – April 1942'', vol. 3 of ''[[History of United States Naval Operations in World War II]]
| publisher  = Castle Books
| isbn       = 0-7858-1304-7
}}
* {{Cite book
| last       = Morris
| first      = Eric
| year       = 2000
| title      = Corregidor: The American Alamo of World War II
| publisher  = Cooper Square Press
| isbn       = 0-8154-1085-9
}}
* {{Cite book
| last       = Nish
| first      = Ian Hill
| year       = 2002
| title      = Japanese Foreign Policy in the Interwar Period
| publisher  = Praeger
| isbn       = 978-0-275-94791-0
| url        = https://books.google.com/books?id=QJCybygKzJIC
}}
* {{Cite book
| last       = Rottman
| first      = Gordon L.
| year       = 2005
| title      = Japanese Army in World War II: Conquest of the Pacific 1941–42
| publisher  = Osprey Publishing
| isbn       = 978-1-84176-789-5
}}
* {{Cite book
| last       = Schultz
| first      = Duane
| year       = 1981
| title      = Hero of Bataan: The story of General Johnathan M Wainwright
| publisher  = St Martin's Press
| asin       = B000UXDJJG
}}

* {{cite report |ref={{sfnRef|''U.S. Army Casualties in World War II''|1953}} |author=Office of the Adjutant General, U.S. Army |date=25 June 1953 |title=U.S. Army Battle Casualties and Non-battle Deaths in World War II: Final Report |id=CSCAP (OT) 87 |url=http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USA/ref/Casualties/Casualties-1.html |via=HyperWar Foundation}}
* {{Cite book

| last       = Waldron
| first      = Ben
| author2    = Emily Burneson
| year       = 2006
| title      = Corregidor: From Paradise to Hell!
| publisher  = Trafford Publishing
| isbn       = 1-4120-2109-X
}}
* {{Cite book
| last       = Whitman
| first      = John W.
| year       = 1990
| title      = Bataan: Our Last Ditch: The Bataan Campaign, 1942
| publisher  = Hippocrene Books
| isbn       = 0-87052-877-7
}}
* {{Cite book
| last       = Young
| first      = Donald J.
| year       = 1992
| title      = The Battle of Bataan: A History of the 90 Day Siege and Eventual Surrender of 75,000 Filipino and United States Troops to the Japanese in World War
| publisher  = McFarland &amp; Company
| isbn       = 0-89950-757-3
}}
* Zaloga, Steven J. ''Japanese Tanks 1939–45''. Osprey, 2007. {{ISBN|978-1-84603-091-8}}.

==Further reading==
* {{Cite book
| last       = Bartsch
| first      = William H.
| year       = 1995
| title      = Doomed at the Start: American Pursuit Pilots in the Philippines, 1941–1942
| publisher  = Texas A&amp;M University Press
| isbn       = 978-0-89096-679-2
}}
* {{Cite book
| last       = Chun
| first      = Clayton
| year       = 2012
| title      = The Fall of the Philippines 1941–42
| publisher  = Osprey Publishing; Osprey Campaign Series No. 243
| isbn       = 978-1-84908-609-7
}}
* {{Cite book
| last       = Martin
| first      = Adrian R.
| year       = 2010
| title      = Operation PLUM: The Ill-fated 27th Bombardment Group and the Fight for the Western Pacific
| publisher  = Texas A&amp;M University Press
| isbn       = 978-1-60344-184-1
}}
* {{Cite book
 |title        = Command Decisions
 |editor       = Kent Roberts Greenfield
 |url          = http://www.history.army.mil/books/70-7_0.htm
 |publisher    = [[United States Army Center of Military History]]
 |year         = 1960
 |id           = CMH Pub 70-7
 |lccn         = 59060007
 |chapter      = Chapter 6: The Decision to Withdraw to Bataan
 |first        = Louis
 |last         = Morton
 |chapter-url  = http://www.history.army.mil/books/70-7_06.htm
 |access-date  = June 18, 2010
 |archive-date = December 30, 2007
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20071230145455/http://www.history.army.mil/books/70-7_0.htm
 |url-status   = dead
}}
* {{Cite book
 |url          = http://www.history.army.mil/books/wwii/5-2/5-2_Contents.htm
 |first        = Louis
 |last         = Morton
 |year         = 1953
 |title        = The Fall of the Philippines
 |series       = U.S. Army in World War II: The War in the Pacific
 |publisher    = [[United States Army Center of Military History]]
 |location     = Washington, D.C.
 |id           = CMH Pub 5-2
 |lccn         = 53063678
 |access-date  = May 4, 2008
 |archive-date = January 8, 2012
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20120108061554/http://www.history.army.mil/books/wwii/5-2/5-2_Contents.htm
 |url-status   = dead
}} – full text
* {{Cite book
 |first        = Jennifer L.
 |last         = Bailey
 |url          = http://www.history.army.mil/brochures/pi/PI.htm
 |title        = Philippine Islands
 |series       = The U.S. Army Campaigns of World War II (brochure)
 |publisher    = [[United States Army Center of Military History]]
 |id           = CMH Pub 72–3
 |year         = 2003
 |access-date  = January 29, 2005
 |archive-date = May 23, 2011
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20110523005633/http://www.history.army.mil/brochures/pi/PI.htm
 |url-status   = dead
}}
* {{Cite book
 |year         = 1994
 |url          = http://www.history.army.mil/books/wwii/MacArthur%20Reports/MacArthur%20V2%20P1/macarthurv2.htm#contents
 |chapter      = Japanese Operations in the Southwest Pacific Area, Volume II – Part I
 |title        = Reports of General MacArthur
 |publisher    = [[United States Army Center of Military History]]
 |access-date  = December 8, 2006
 |id           = 13-1
 |archive-date = January 25, 2008
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20080125072601/http://www.history.army.mil/books/wwii/MacArthur%20Reports/MacArthur%20V2%20P1/macarthurv2.htm#contents
 |url-status   = dead
}}
* {{Cite book
 |url          = http://www.history.army.mil/books/wwii/MacArthur%20Reports/MacArthur%20V1/ch01.htm
 |chapter      = Volume I, Chapter 1 Japanese Offensive in the Pacific
 |title        = Reports of General MacArthur
 |publisher    = [[United States Army Center of Military History]]
 |access-date  = May 4, 2008
 |archive-date = April 24, 2021
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20210424214657/https://history.army.mil/books/wwii/MacArthur%20Reports/MacArthur%20V1/ch01.htm
 |url-status   = dead
}} Report by MacArthur's staff
* {{Cite book
| last       = Stevens
| first      = Peter F.
| year       = 2011
| title      = The Twilight Riders: The Last Charge of the 26th Cavalry
| publisher  = Lyons Press
| isbn       = 978-0-7627-6485-3
}}
* {{cite book
| last       = Cooper
| first      = [[Colonel (United States)|Colonel]] Wibb E.
| title      = Medical Department Activities in the Philippines from 1941 to May 1942, and Including Medical Activities in the Japanese Prisoner of War Camps
| url        = http://www.mansell.com/pow_resources/camplists/philippines/cooper_med_report.html#GENERAL_REVIEW
| year       = 1946
| publisher  = Office of the Sergeon General
}}
* {{cite web
 |url          = http://www.history.army.mil/documents/zambo.htm
 |title        = Japanese Landings at Zamboanga, 2 March 1942
 |author       = General Headquarters, Far East Command
 |date         = July 20, 1951
 |website      = Center of Military History
 |publisher    = United States Army
 |access-date  = September 25, 2008
 |archive-date = January 5, 2009
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20090105115649/http://www.history.army.mil/documents/zambo.htm
 |url-status   = dead
}}

==Mga panluwas na takod==
{{Commons category|Battle of the Philippines (1941-42)}}
*{{Cite web
| url        = http://ww2db.com/battle_spec.php?battle_id=46
| title      = Invasion of the Philippines
| work       = WW2DB
| author     = C. Peter Chen
| access-date = May 31, 2005
}}
* {{Cite web
| url        = http://www.pacificwaranimated.com/Philippines.html
| title        = Animated History of The Fall of the Philippines
| publisher        = HistoryAnimated.com
| access-date        = January 7, 2011
| archive-url        = https://web.archive.org/web/20110715032352/http://www.pacificwaranimated.com/Philippines.html
| archive-date        = July 15, 2011
| url-status        = dead
}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20150915085111/http://reta.nmsu.edu/bataan/index2.html Labanan para sa Bataan]
{{Dec41attacks}}
{{World War II}}

{{DEFAULTSORT: Kampanya, Filipinas}}
[[Kategorya:Teatro kan Habagatan-sulnopan na Pasipiko kan Ikaduwang Gerang Pankinaban]]
[[Kategorya:Kasaysayan militar kan Filipinas kan Ikaduwang Gerang Pankinaban]]
[[Kategorya:1941 sa Filipinas]]
[[Kategorya:1942 sa Filipinas]]
[[Kategorya:United States Marine Corps sa Ikaduwang Gerang Pankinaban]]
[[Kategorya:Mga Kampanya kan Ikaduwang Gerang Pankinaban|P]]
[[Kategorya:Mga Pagsakyada sa Filipinas]]
[[Kategorya:Mga Pagsakyada kan Hapon]]
[[Kategorya:Mga pananakop kan Ikaduwang Gerang Pankinaban]]
[[Kategorya:1941 sa historya militar]]
[[Kategorya:1942 sa historya militar]]
[[Kategorya:Mga operasyon sa dagat kan Ikaduwang Gerang Pankinaban]]
[[Kategorya:Relasyon militar kan Hapon–Filipinas]]
[[Kategorya:Mga Laban kan Ikaduwang Gerang Pankinaban na imbwelto an Estados Unidos]]</text>
      <sha1>c8uztkdpo5406kwtr7zov4av0kcna5o</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Lista nin mga siyudad sa Cambodia</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>55067</id>
    <revision>
      <id>306744</id>
      <parentid>299996</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-20T03:38:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>17127</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
      <origin>306744</origin>
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      <text bytes="7207" sha1="qg6ywr6dmacovlxm7oil3ba27qj1wnd" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Un-cambodia.png|thumb|300px|Mapa nin Cambodia.]]
Ini sarong '''lista nin mga siyudad asin banwaan sa [[Cambodia]]''', sarong nasyon sa [[Sud-Subangan Asya]].

==Mga pinakadakulang mga siyudad==
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; 
|-
!Siyudad!![[Khmer na tataramon|Khmer]]!!Probinsya!!Populasyon&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=&amp;men=gcis&amp;lng=en&amp;des=wg&amp;srt=pnan&amp;col=abcdefghinoq&amp;msz=600&amp;geo=-114 |access-date=2013-01-11 |archive-date=2013-05-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130505182615/http://www.world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=&amp;men=gcis&amp;lng=en&amp;des=wg&amp;srt=pnan&amp;col=abcdefghinoq&amp;msz=600&amp;geo=-114 |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Phnom Penh]] || ភ្នំពេញ || Phnom Penh || 1,501,725
|-
|[[Ta Khmau]] || តាខ្មៅ || [[Probinsya nin Kandal|Kandal]] || 205,764
|-
|[[Battambang]] || បាត់ដំបង || [[Probinsya nin Battambang|Battambang]] || 196,709
|-
|[[Serei Saophoan]] || សិរីសោភ័ណ || [[Probinsya nin Banteay Meanchey|Banteay Meanchey]] || 190,349
|-
|[[Siem Reap]] || សៀមរាប || [[Probinsya nin Siem Reap|Siem Reap]] || 189,292
|-
|[[Kampong Cham (siyudad)|Kampong Cham]] || កំពង់ចាម || [[Probinsya nin Kampong Cham|Kampong Cham]] || 118,699 
|-
|[[Sihanoukville (siyudad)|Sihanoukville]] || ព្រះសីហនុ || [[Probinsya nin Sihanoukville|Preah Sihanouk]] || 100,856
|-
|[[Poipet]] || ប៉ោយប៉ែត || [[Probinsya nin Banteay Meanchey|Banteay Meanchey]] || 89,549
|- 
|[[Chbar Mon]] || ច្បារមន || [[Probinsya nin Kampong Speu|Kampong Speu]] || 57,626
|-
|[[Kampot (lungsod)|Kampot]] || កំពត || [[Probinsya nin Kampot|Kampot]] || 49,597
|-
|}

==Mga siyudad asin banwaan==
[[File:Phnom Penh sunset.jpg|thumb|[[Phnom Penh]], an kabisera asin  pinakadakulang siyudad nin Cambodia]]
[[File:Battambang..JPG|thumb|[[Battambang]]]]
[[File:Sihanoukville Cityscape.JPG|thumb|[[Sihanoukville]]]]
[[File:Poipet, Cambodia-Thai border.jpg|thumb|[[Poipet]]]]
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|-
!Siyudad!![[Khmer na tataramon|Khmer]]!!Probinsya!!Populasyon&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=&amp;men=gcis&amp;lng=en&amp;des=wg&amp;srt=pnan&amp;col=abcdefghinoq&amp;msz=600&amp;geo=-114 |access-date=2013-01-11 |archive-date=2013-05-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130505182615/http://www.world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=&amp;men=gcis&amp;lng=en&amp;des=wg&amp;srt=pnan&amp;col=abcdefghinoq&amp;msz=600&amp;geo=-114 |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|-
|[[Banlung]] || បានលុង || [[Probinsy nin Ratanakiri|Ratanakiri]] || 6,080
|- 
|[[Battambang]] || បាត់ដំបង || [[Probinsya nin Battambang|Battambang]] || 196,709
|-
|[[Bavet]] || បាវិត || [[Probinsya nin Svay Rieng|Svay Rieng]] || 37,123
|- 
|[[Chbar Mon]] || ច្បារមន || [[Probinsya nin Kampong Speu|Kampong Speu]] || 57,626
|-
|[[Doun Kaev]] || ដូនកែវ || [[Probinsya nin Takéo|Takéo]] || 14,650
|-
|[[Kampong Cham (siyudad)|Kampong Cham]] || កំពង់ចាម || [[Probinsya nin Kampong Cham|Kampong Cham]] || 118,699
|-
|[[Kampong Chhnang (siyudad)|Kampong Chhnang]] || កំពង់ឆ្នាំង || [[Probinsya nin Kampong Chhnang|Kampong Chhnang]] || 44,643 
|-
|[[Kampot (lungsod)|Kampot]] || កំពត || [[Probinsya nin Kampot|Kampot]] || 49,597
|- 
|[[Kep (bayan)|Kep]] || កែប || [[Probinsya nin Kep|Kep]] || 5,024
|-
|[[Khemarak Phoumin]] || ខេមរភូមិន្ទ || [[Probinsya nin Koh Kong|Koh Kong]] || 34,116
|- 
|[[Kratié (banwaan)|Kratié]] || ក្រចេះ || [[Probinsya nin Kratié|Kratié]] || 38,215
|-
|[[Pailin (banwaan)|Pailin]] || ប៉ៃលិន || [[Probinsya nin Pailin|Pailin]] || 20,418
|-
|[[Phnom Penh]] || ភ្នំពេញ || Phnom Penh || 1,501,725
|- 
|[[Poipet]] || ប៉ោយប៉ែត || [[Probinsya nin Banteay Meanchey|Banteay Meanchey]] || 89,549
|- 
|[[Prey Veng (siyudad)|Prey Veng]] || ព្រៃវែង || [[Probinsya nin Prey Veng|Prey Veng]] || 32,700
|-
|[[Pursat]] || ពោធិសាត់ || [[Probinsya nin Pursat|Pursat]] || 26,294
|- 
|[[Samraong (banwaan)|Samraong]] || សំរោង || [[Probinsya nin Oddar Meanchey|Oddar Meanchey]] || 23,748
|-
|[[Senmonorom]] || សែនមនោរម្យ || [[Probinsya nin Mondulkiri|Mondulkiri]] || 6,089
|-
|[[Serei Saophoan]] || សិរីសោភ័ណ|| [[Probinsya nin Banteay Meanchey|Banteay Meanchey]] || 190,349
|-
|[[Siem Reap]] || សៀមរាប || [[Probinsya nin Siem Reap|Siem Reap]] || 189,292
|-
|[[Sihanoukville (siyudad)|Sihanoukville]] || ព្រះសីហនុ || [[Probinsya nin Sihanoukville|Preah Sihanouk]] || 100,856
|- 
|[[Stung Saen]] || ស្ទឹងសែន || [[Probinsya nin Kampong Thom|Kampong Thom]] || 32,754
|-
|[[Stung Treng]] || ស្ទឹងត្រែង|| [[Probinsya nin Stung Treng|Stung Treng]] || 18,968
|-
|[[Suong (siyudad)|Suong]] || សួង || [[Probinsya nin Tboung Khmum|Tboung Khmum]] || 29,761
|-
|[[Svay Rieng (banwaan)|Svay Rieng]] || ស្វាយរៀង || [[Probinsya nin Svay Rieng|Svay Rieng]] || 16,892 
|-
|[[Ta Khmau]] || តាខ្មៅ || [[Probinya nin Kandal|Kandal]] || 205,764
|- 
|[[Tbeng Meanchey]] || ត្បែងមានជ័យ || [[Probinsya nin Preah Vihear|Preah Vihear]] || 12,083
|-
|}

==Iba pang mga siyudad asin banwaan==
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|-
! Pangaran
! Probinsya
|-
| [[Mongkol Borey (bayan)|Mongkol Borey]]
| [[Probinsya nin Banteay Meanchey|Banteay Meanchey]]
|-
| [[Poipet]]
| [[Probinsya nin Banteay Meanchey|Banteay Meanchey]]
|-
| [[Preah Netr Preah (bayan)|Preah Netr Preah]]
| [[Probinsya nin Banteay Meanchey|Banteay Meanchey]]
|-
| [[Thmar Puok]]
| [[Probinsya nin Banteay Meanchey|Banteay Meanchey]]
|-
| [[Phnom Srok (bayan)|Phnom Srok]]
| [[Probinsya nin Banteay Meanchey|Banteay Meanchey]]
|-
| [[Thmar Kol]]
| [[Probinsya nin Battambang|Battambang]]
|-
| [[Moung Ruessei]]
| [[Probinsya nin Battambang|Battambang]]
|-
| [[Svay Don Kêv]]
| [[Probinsya nin Battambang|Battambang]]
|-
| [[Skuon]]
| [[Probinsya nin Kampong Cham|Kampong Cham]]
|-
| [[Rôméas]]
| [[Probinsya nin Kampong Chhnang|Kampong Chhnang]]
|-
| [[Tuek Phos (bayan)|Tuek Phos]]
| [[Probinsya nin Kampong Chhnang|Kampong Chhnang]]
|-
| [[Amleang]]
| [[Probinsya nin Kampong Speu|Kampong Speu]]
|-
| [[Khŭm Sráng]]
| [[Probinsya nin Kampong Speu|Kampong Speu]]
|-
| [[Oudong]]
| [[Probinsya nin Kampong Speu|Kampong Speu]]
|-
| [[Dăm Thnăm]]
| [[Probinsya nin Kampot|Kampot]]
|-
| [[Sre Ambel]]
| [[Probinsya nin Koh Kong|Koh Kong]]
|-
| [[Phanomsok]]
| [[Probinsya nin Oddar Meanchey|Oddar Meanchey]]
|-
| [[Cheom Ksan]]
| [[Probinsya nin Preah Vihear|Preah Vihear]]
|-
| [[Koulen]]
| [[Probinsya nin Preah Vihear|Preah Vihear]]
|-
| [[Neak Leung]]
| [[Probinsya nin Prey Veng|Prey Veng]]
|-
| [[Roluos (mga templo)|Roluos]]
| [[Probinsya nin Siem Reap|Siem Reap]]
|-
| [[Bavet]]
| [[Probinsya nin Svay Rieng|Svay Rieng]]
|-
| [[Suong, Cambodia|Suong]]
| [[Probinsya nin Tbong Khmum|Tbong Khmum]]
|}

==Toltolan==
{{Reflist}}

{{Asia topic|Lista nin mga siyudad sa}}
{{Cities in Cambodia}}

[[Kategorya:Mga lista nin mga siyudad susog sa nasyon|Cambodia]]</text>
      <sha1>qg6ywr6dmacovlxm7oil3ba27qj1wnd</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Leonida Abrazado</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>56546</id>
    <revision>
      <id>306703</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-19T12:15:33Z</timestamp>
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        <username>~2026-35234-81</username>
        <id>31781</id>
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      <comment>Leonida Abrazado</comment>
      <origin>306703</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="267" sha1="gq3h4hf8y58rg4wuhm5v8qdsfq34x4f" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox officeholder 
| name                  = Leonida Abrazado 
| image                 = Leonida Abrazado.jpg 
| birth_name            = Leonida Cormanes Abrazado 
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      <comment>Leonida Abrazado</comment>
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Si '''Leonida Cormanes Abrazado''' (namondag bilag '''Ganda Abrazado'''; Hunyo 19, 1966) sarong Filipinong abogada asin Politiko. an istasyon nin radyo DWOB 1521 kHz Naga</text>
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      <comment>DZLA</comment>
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Si '''Leonida Cormanes Abrazado''' (namondag bilag '''Ganda Abrazado'''; Hunyo 19, 1966) sarong Filipinong abogada asin Politiko. an istasyon nin radyo DZLA 1521 kHz Naga pig-ooperar LCA Broadcasting Production Corporation</text>
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      <comment>Leonida Abrazado</comment>
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Si '''Leonida Cormanes Abrazado''' (namondag bilag '''Ganda Abrazado'''; Hunyo 19, 1966) sarong Filipinong abogada asin Politiko. an istasyon nin radyo DZLA 1521 kHz Naga pig-ooperar LCA Broadcasting Production Corporation

[[Kategorya:Mga Kongresista kan Probinsya nin Camarines Sur]]</text>
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      <comment>Leonida Abrazado</comment>
      <origin>306708</origin>
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Si '''Leonida Cormanes Abrazado''' (namondag bilag '''Ganda Abrazado'''; Hunyo 19, 1966) sarong Filipinong abogada asin Politiko. an istasyon nin radyo DZLA 1521 kHz Naga pig-ooperar LCA Broadcasting Production Corporation

[[Kategorya:Mga Kongresista kan Probinsya nin Camarines Sur]]</text>
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      <comment>Leonida Abrazado</comment>
      <origin>306709</origin>
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Si '''Leonida Cormanes Abrazado''' (namondag bilag '''Ganda Abrazado'''; Hunyo 19, 1966) sarong Filipinong abogada asin Politiko. an istasyon nin radyo DZCO 1521 kHz Naga pig-ooperar LCA Broadcasting Production Corporation

[[Kategorya:Mga Kongresista kan Probinsya nin Camarines Sur]]</text>
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      <comment>Leonida Abrazado</comment>
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Si '''Leonida Cormanes Abrazado''' (namondag bilag '''Ganda Abrazado'''; Hunyo 19, 1966) sarong Filipinong abogada asin Politiko. an istasyon nin radyo DZCO 1521 kHz Naga pig-ooperar kan LCA Broadcasting Productions

[[Kategorya:Mga Kongresista kan Probinsya nin Camarines Sur]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Spider-Man: No Way Home</title>
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      <comment>Pinagmukna an pahina kaining &quot;''An '''Spider-Man: No Way Home''''' sarong 2021 Amerikanong [[Superhero film|superhero na pelikula]] na nakabasar sa karakter kan [[Marvel Comics]] na [[Spider-Man|si Spider-Man]] . Pigprodusir kan [[Columbia Pictures]], [[Marvel Studios]], asin [[Pascal Pictures]], asin pigdistribwir kan [[Sony Pictures Releasing]], ini an sequel kan ''[[Spider-Man: Homecoming]]'' (2017) asin ''[[Spider-Man: Far From Home]]'' (2019), asin List of Marvel Cinematic Universe...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="18803" sha1="s3fewiygov4cae86qfcjlfnj8skzwk4" xml:space="preserve">''An '''Spider-Man: No Way Home''''' sarong 2021 Amerikanong [[Superhero film|superhero na pelikula]] na nakabasar sa karakter kan [[Marvel Comics]] na [[Spider-Man|si Spider-Man]] . Pigprodusir kan [[Columbia Pictures]], [[Marvel Studios]], asin [[Pascal Pictures]], asin pigdistribwir kan [[Sony Pictures Releasing]], ini an sequel kan ''[[Spider-Man: Homecoming]]'' (2017) asin ''[[Spider-Man: Far From Home]]'' (2019), asin [[List of Marvel Cinematic Universe films|an ika-27 na pelikula]] sa [[Marvel Cinematic Universe]] (MCU). An pelikula pigdirehir ni [[Jon Watts]], na isinurat ni [[Chris McKenna (writer)|Chris McKenna]] asin [[Erik Sommers]], asin an mga bida iyo [[Tom Holland|si Tom Holland]] bilang [[Peter Parker (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Peter Parker / Spider-Man]] kaiba si [[Zendaya]], [[Benedict Cumberbatch]], [[Jacob Batalon]], [[Jon Favreau]], [[Jamie Foxx]], [[Willem Dafoe]], [[Alfred Molina]], [[Benedict Wong]], [[Tony Revolori|Tony]] [[Marisa Tomei|Marisa]], [[Andrew Garfield|Revolus Garfield]], asin [[Tobey Maguire]] . Sa pelikula, hinagad ni Peter ki Dr. [[Stephen Strange (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Stephen Strange]] (Cumberbatch) na gamiton an mahika tanganing gibohon giraray na sekreto an saiyang pagkatawo bilang Spider-Man pagkatapos na ini ihayag sa kinaban sa katapusan kan ''Far From Home'' . Kun an pan-engkanto nagin sala huli sa mga aksyon ni Pedro, an [[Multiverse (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|multiverse]] nabuka asin nagkapirang bisita gikan sa alternatibong mga realidad an dinara sa uniberso ni Pedro.

An ikatolong MCU Spider-Man film pigplano durante kan produksyon kan ''Homecoming'' kan 2017. An mga negosasyon sa pag-ultanan kan Sony asin Marvel Studios na baguhon an saindang kasunduan—kun saen sinda magkaibanan na nagpoprodusir kan mga pelikula kan Spider-Man—natapos sa paghale kan Marvel Studios sa proyekto kan Agosto 2019, alagad an negatibong reaksyon kan mga tagahanga nagdara sa sarong bagong kasunduan sa pag-ultanan kan mga kompanya pakalihis nin sarong bulan. Si Watts, McKenna, Sommers, asin Holland nakatalagang magbalik, asin an paggibo nin pelikula nangyari poon Oktubre 2020 sagkod Marso 2021 sa Siyudad nin Nueva York asin Atlanta. ''An No Way Home'' nagseserbing [[Crossover (fiction)|crossover]] sa pag-ultanan kan MCU asin kan mga nakaaging [[Spider-Man in film|pelikula ''kan Spider-Man'']] na pigdirehiran ni [[Sam Raimi]] asin [[Marc Webb]] . Nagkapirang aktor an nag-utro kan saindang mga papel sa mga pelikulang idto, kaiba an mga nakaaging aktor kan Spider-Man na si Maguire asin Garfield. An pakikilabot kan mag-agom iyo an tema nin mahiwas na espekulasyon asin kadakol na mga pagluwas sa ibong kan mga paghihingoa kan Sony, Marvel, asin kan mga artista na itago an saindang pakikilabot sagkod na iluwas an pelikula.

''An Spider-Man: No Way Home'' pig-premiere sa [[Fox Village Theater|Fox Village Theatre]] sa [[Westwood, Los Angeles]], kan Disyembre 13, 2021, asin pigluwas sa teatro sa Estados Unidos kan Disyembre 17, bilang parte kan [[Marvel Cinematic Universe: Phase Four|Phase Four]] kan MCU. An pelikula nakaresibe nin positibong mga pagrepaso gikan sa mga kritiko asin nakakua nin $1.921 bilyon sa bilog na kinaban, na nalampasan an naenot kaini bilang pinakahalangkaw an kitang pelikula na pinaluwas kan Sony Pictures. Ini an nagin [[Highest-grossing film of 2021|pinakahalangkaw na kita na pelikula kan 2021]], an [[List of highest-grossing films#Highest-grossing films|ikaanom na pinakahalangkaw na kita kan]] pelikula kan Spider-Man, asin nagbugtak nin nagkapirang iba pang mga rekord sa takilya, kaiba an [[Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cinema|mga pelikula na pinaluwas durante kan pandemya nin COVID-19]] . An pelikula nakaresibe nin nominasyon para sa [[Academy Award for Best Visual Effects|Pinakamarahay na Biswal na mga Epekto]] sa [[94th Academy Awards|ika-94 na Academy Awards]], kaiba an [[List of accolades received by Spider-Man: No Way Home|kadakol pang ibang mga pag-omaw]] . An pinalawig na bersyon kan pelikula, na may subtitulo ''na The More Fun Stuff Version'', nagkaigwa nin pankinaban na pagluwas sa sinehan kan Setyembre 2022. Sarong dagdag na trilohiya nin pelikula kaiba si Holland an pigplano, magpoon sa ''[[Spider-Man: Brand New Day]]'', na nakaiskedyul na iluwas sa Hulyo 2026.

== Estorya ==
Pagkatapos na i-frame [[Quentin Beck (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|ni Quentin Beck]] [[Peter Parker (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|si Peter Parker]] para sa saiyang paggadan asin ihayag na si Peter si [[Spider-Man]],  an [[Department of Damage Control]] inaresto si Peter; an saiyang nobya, [[MJ (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|si Michelle &quot;MJ&quot; Jones-Watson]] ; an saiyang pinakamarahay na amigo, [[Ned Leeds (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|si Ned Leeds]] ; asin an saiyang tiyaon, [[May Parker (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|si May Parker]] . An abogado na [[Matt Murdock (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|si Matt Murdock]] hinale an mga kasong ki Peter, alagad an grupo nakikipaglaban sa negatibong publisidad. Pagkatapos na an mga aplikasyon ni Peter, MJ, asin Ned [[MIT|sa MIT]] dai inako, si Peter nagduman sa [[New York Sanctum]] tanganing maghagad nin tabang ki Dr. [[Stephen Strange (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Stephen Strange]] . Nagpoon si Strange na mag-anting-anting na makakapalingaw sa gabos na si Peter si Spider-Man, alagad ini naraot kan si Peter paorootrong naghagad nin mga pagbabago tanganing an saiyang mga namomotan mapagdanay an saindang mga memorya. An kakaiba igwa kan naraot na anting-anting.

Sa suhestiyon ni Strange, pigprobaran ni Peter na kumbinsiron an sarong administrador kan MIT na pag-isipan giraray an mga aplikasyon ni MJ asin Ned. Inatake siya ni [[Otto Octavius (film character)|Otto Octavius]], na naggisi kan [[Nanotechnology|nanoteknolohiya]] gikan sa suit ni Peter na [[Iron Spider (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Iron Spider]] . Ini nagbubugkos sa mekanikal na mga galamay ni Octavius asin nagtutugot ki Pedro na kontrolon sinda. Mantang nag-abot [[Norman Osborn (2002 film series character)|si Norman Osborn]] asin nag-atake, pig-teleport ni Strange si Peter pabalik sa Sanctum asin pigkulong si Octavius sa sarong selda sa kataid ni [[Curt Connors (The Amazing Spider-Man film series)|Curt Connors]] . Ipinapaliwanag ni Strange na an naraot na anting-anting nag-apod nin mga tawo hale sa ibang uniberso sa laog kan [[Multiverse (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|multiverse]] na nakakaaram kan identidad ni Spider-Man. Pinagbotan niya si Peter, MJ, asin Ned na hanapon asin dakupon an iba; nakua asin nakua ninda [[Max Dillon (The Amazing Spider-Man film series)|si Max Dillon]] asin [[Flint Marko (Sam Raimi film series)|Flint Marko]] sa sarong pasilidad sa pagsiyasat militar.

Nabawi ni Osborn an kontrol kan saiyang sadiri gikan sa saiyang nababanga na personalidad [[Green Goblin|na Green Goblin]] asin rinaot an maskara kan Goblin. Nagkukua siya nin tabang poon Mayo sagkod na makua siya ni Peter. Mantang pinag-oolayan an saindang mga laban ki Spider-Man, narealisar ni Osborn, Octavius, asin Dillon na sinda hinale sa saindang mga uniberso bago pa man an saindang kagadanan.  Si Strange nag-aandam na baliktadon an laog na anting-anting asin ipadara an mga kontrabida pabalik sa saindang kanya-kanyang uniberso, alagad si Peter nagrason na dapat nguna nindang tabangan an lambang kontrabida na posibleng mabago an saindang kapaladan sa saindang pagbalik. Kan magsayuma si Strange, hinabon ni Peter an spell, pig-trap si Strange sa [[Mirror Dimension]], asin dinara an mga kontrabida sa apartment ni [[Happy Hogan (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Happy Hogan]] . Ginagamit niya an teknolohiya [[Stark Industries (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|kan Stark Industries]] tanganing paomayan si Octavius. Bago pa man mabulong ni Peter an siisay man, an Goblin na persona nagbawi kan kontrol ki Osborn. An Goblin nakumbinsir an ibang mga kontrabida na magtraydor ki Peter asin nalugadan nin makagadan si May mantang si Dillon, Marko, asin Connors nagdudulag; bago siya magadan, sinabihan ni May si Peter na &quot; [[With great power, there must also come great responsibility|sa dakulang kapangyarihan, dapat man na mag-abot an dakulang responsibilidad]] &quot;.

Nadiskobre ni Ned na kaya niyang maggibo nin mga portal gamit an [[sling ring]] ni Strange, na ginagamit niya asin ni MJ tanganing hanapon si Peter. Imbes, nakua ninda an &quot; [[Peter Parker (2002 film series character)|Peter-Two]] &quot; asin &quot; [[Peter Parker (The Amazing Spider-Man film series)|Peter-Three]] &quot;, [[Alternative versions of Spider-Man|mga alternatibong bersyon ni Peter]] na inapod man hale sa mga uniberso kan mga kontrabida sa paagi kan spell ni Strange. Nakua kan grupo si Peter (&quot;Peter-One&quot;) kan unibersong ini, na nagmumundo ki May asin andam nang ipadara an mga kontrabida sa harong tanganing magadan. An mga alternatibong Peters nag-iistorya nin pagkawara [[Uncle Ben|ni Tiyo Ben]]  asin [[Gwen Stacy (The Amazing Spider-Man film series)|Gwen Stacy]]  asin pig-eenkaminar si Peter-One na makipaglaban sa onra ni May. An tolong Peters nagmukna nin mga bulong para sa mga kontrabida asin inaakit sinda pasiring sa [[Estatwa nin Katalingkasan|Estatuwa nin Katalingkasan]] . Si Peter-One asin Peter-Two an nagpaomay ki Connors asin Marko mantang si Octavius nagtabang na paomayan si Dillon. Aksidenteng pinatalingkas ni Ned si Strange sa Mirror Dimension. An Goblin nagpaluwas kan nakalaog na anting-anting, na binabari an mga ulang sa pag-ultanan kan mga uniberso asin nagbubutong nin dai mabilang na iba pa na nakakaaram kan pagkatawo ni Peter. Mga pambihirang pagprobar na pugulan sinda mantang an sarong anggot na Peter-One naghihingoang gadanon an Goblin. Pinundo siya ni Peter-Two asin tinabangan ni Peter-Three si Peter-One na itusok an Goblin kan saiyang bulong, na ibinabalik an kaisipan ni Osborn.

Narealisar ni Peter-One na an solamenteng paagi tanganing maprotehiran an multiverse iyo an pagpara kan saiyang sadiri sa memorya kan gabos asin hinagad ki Strange na gibohon ini mantang nanunuga ki MJ asin Ned na hahanapon niya sinda asin ipagirumdom sainda kun siisay siya. Si Strange habong mag-enkanto, asin an gabos nagbalik sa saindang kanya-kanyang uniberso—kaiba si [[Eddie Brock (Sony's Spider-Man Universe)|Eddie Brock]],  na dai aram na nagwalat nin sarong pidaso kan [[Venom (Sony's Spider-Man Universe)|Venom]] [[Symbiote (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|symbiote]] . Pakalihis nin duwang semana, binisita ni Peter si MJ tanganing ipabisto giraray an saiyang sadiri saiya asin ki Ned, alagad nagdesisyon na dai ini gibohon. Mantang nagmomondo sa lolobngan ni May, nagkaigwa siya nin pakikipag-olay sa sarong dai nakakaaram na Hogan asin na-inspirar na magpadagos, na naggigibo nin bagong Spider-Man suit asin ipinapadagos an saiyang pagbantay.

== Mga tauhan ==
{{Multiple image|align=right|direction=vertical|image1=Tobey Maguire 2014.jpg|width1=150|image2=Andrew Garfield by Gage Skidmore (cropped).jpg|width2=150|footer=[[Tobey Maguire]] (sa taas) and [[Andrew Garfield]] (sa baba) magbalik bilang saindang kanya-kanyang bersyon kan Spider-Man gikan sa mga nakaaging prangkisa nin pelikula. An saindang pakikilabot itinago kan Marvel asin Sony sa ibong kan mga espekulasyon asin mga pagluwas kan mga tagahanga bago an premiere kan pelikula.}}

* Si Tom Holland bilang Peter Parker / Spider-Man:

Sarong tin-edyer asin Avenger na nag-ako nin mga kakayahan na garo gagamba pagkatapos na kagaton nin sarong radyoaktibong gagamba.&lt;ref name=&quot;SonyMarvelDealSM3&quot; /&gt; The film explores the fallout of the film ''[[Spider-Man: Far From Home]]''{{'}}s (2019) [[mid-credits scene]], in which Peter's identity as Spider-Man is exposed,&lt;ref name=&quot;EWTrailer&quot; /&gt; and Peter is more pessimistic in contrast to previous [[Marvel Cinematic Universe]] (MCU) films. Holland said Peter feels defeated and insecure and was excited to explore the darker side of the character.&lt;ref name=&quot;ParkerBrutal&quot; /&gt; The adjustment back to portraying Peter, including raising his [[voice pitch]] and returning to the mindset of a &quot;naïve, charming teenager&quot;, was strange for Holland after taking on more mature roles such as in ''[[Cherry (2021 film)|Cherry]]'' (2021).&lt;ref name=&quot;HollandFeb2021GQ&quot; /&gt; An pelikula nag-eeksplorar kan mga resulta kan eksena sa tahaw kan mga kredito kan pelikula na Spider-Man: Far From Home (2019), kun saen an pagkatawo ni Peter bilang Spider-Man nabuyagyag, asin si Peter mas pesimista kumpara sa mga nakaaging pelikula kan Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU). Sinabi ni Holland na si Peter nakamamate nin pagkadaog asin pagkabakong segurado asin naoogma na mag-eksplorar kan mas madiklom na lado kan karakter. An pag-adjust pabalik sa pagladawan ki Peter, kaiba an paglangkaw kan saiyang boses asin pagbalik sa kaisipan nin sarong &quot;naïve, charming teenager&quot;, kakaiba para ki Holland pagkatapos na magkua nin mas maygurang na mga papel arog kan sa Cherry (2021).

Si Zendaya bilang Michelle &quot;MJ&quot; Jones-Watson: 

Kaklase asin nobya ni Peter. An bilog na pangaran kan karakter ipinahayag sa pelikula, na dati midbid sana bilang Michelle Jones, na nagdara saiya na mas harani sa komiks na katimbang na si Mary Jane Watson.

* Benedict Cumberbatch bilang Dr. Stephen Strange:

Sarong neurosurgeon na nagin sarong Master of the Mystic Arts kasunod kan sarong aksidente sa kotse na nagtapos kan saiyang karera. Namatian ni Holland na si Strange bakong sarong mentor ki Peter, bakong arog ni Tony Stark / Iron Man sa pelikula na Spider-Man: Homecoming (2017), alagad imbes nahiling sinda bilang mga katrabaho asin narisa na an saindang relasyon nababaak sa bilog na kurso kan pelikula. Namatian ni Cumberbatch na igwa nin haraning relasyon sa pag-ultanan ni Strange asin Peter huli ta pareho sindang mga superhero sa pagtaraid na may parehong kasaysayan. An kagsurat na si Chris McKenna ilinadawan si Strange bilang an boses nin rason sa pelikula.

* Si Jacob Batalon bilang Ned Leeds: an pinakamarahay na amigo ni Peter. Si Batalon nagluya nin 102 pounds (46 kg) para sa saiyang papel sa pelikulang ini.
* Si Jon Favreau bilang Happy Hogan: An pamayo kan seguridad para sa Stark Industries asin dating drayber asin bodyguard ni Tony Stark, na nag-aataman ki Peter.
* Si Jamie Foxx bilang si Max Dillon / Electro:

Sarong inhenyero sa elektrisidad kan Oscorp gikan sa sarong alternatibong realidad na nagkaigwa nin mga kapangyarihan sa kuryente pagkatapos nin sarong aksidente na imbuelto an mga electrical eel na pigbago an henetiko. An karakter dinisenyo giraray para sa No Way Home, na binayaan an saiyang orihinal na asul na Ultimate Marvel-based na disenyo gikan sa pelikula ni Marc Webb na The Amazing Spider-Man 2 (2014) pabor sa sarong dilaw na mas kapareho kan saiyang pagluwas sa mainstream na komiks.

Si Willem Dafoe bilang Norman Osborn / Green Goblin:

Sarong siyentipiko asin an CEO kan Oscorp gikan sa sarong alternatibong realidad na nagtesting nin sarong bakong estableng pampakusog sa saiyang sadiri. Nagkaigwa siya nin sarong nakakabaliw na pagkabaranga bilang resulta asin naggagamit nin mga advanced na pangalasag asin kagamitan kan Oscorp. Namatian ni Dafoe na si Green Goblin nag-abante na sa saiyang pagladawan sa pelikula ni Sam Raimi na Spider-Man (2002) asin igwa nin &quot;pirang pang mga trick sa [saiyang] manggas&quot; sa pelikulang ini. Si Dafoe digitally de-aged para sa papel, asin an karakter nakakua man nin mga pag-upgrade sa saiyang costume tanganing magin mas harani siyang makaagid sa saiyang katimbang sa komiks.

* Si Alfred Molina bilang Otto Octavius ​​/ Doktor Octopus:

Sarong siyentipiko gikan sa sarong alternatibong realidad na may apat na artipisyal na intelihenteng mekanikal na mga tentakulo na pinagsararo sa saiyang hawak pagkatapos nin sarong aksidente. An pelikula nagpapadagos gikan sa istorya kan karakter bago an saiyang kagadanan sa Raimi's Spider-Man 2 (2004). Nabigla si Molina sa paaging ini huli ta siya naggurang na sa mga taon poon kan gibohon niya an pelikula na idto; an digital de-aging ginamit man tanganing gibohon siyang pisikal na kapareho kan sa Spider-Man 2. An mga mekanikal na tentakulo ginibo nin lubos sa paagi nin CGI, imbes na ihalo sinda sa mga papet arog kan sa Spider-Man 2.

* Benedict Wong bilang Wong: An mentor asin amigo ni Strange na nagin bagong Sorcerer Supreme sa panahon kan kawaran ni Strange sa Blip. Si Tony Revolori bilang si Eugene &quot;Flash&quot; Thompson: an kaklase asin dating karibal ni Peter.

* Si Marisa Tomei bilang si May Parker:

Tiya ni Pedro. Mantang pigdevelop an istorya, narealisar kan mga parasurat na si May magkakaigwa nin papel na kapareho kan papel ni Uncle Ben sa ibang mga inkarnasyon ni Spider-Man. Bilang siring, an tematikong asin parating-paraphrasingly-quoted na idiom na &quot;na may dakulang kapangyarihan, dapat man na mag-abot an dakulang responsibilidad&quot; sinabi ni May, nin huli ta siya an nagin &quot;moral na giya&quot; para ki Peter sa MCU.

* Si Andrew Garfield bilang si Peter Parker / Spider-Man:

Sarong alternatibong bersyon ni Peter na pig-aatake kan saiyang pagkabigo na iligtas an saiyang nagadan nang nobya, si Gwen Stacy, sa mga pangyayari kan The Amazing Spider-Man 2. An ibang Spider-Men inaapod siyang &quot;Peter-Three&quot;, mantang an opisyal na website kan Marvel nginaranan siyang &quot;The Amazing Spider-Man&quot;. Inako ni Garfield an saiyang papel bilang an nasa tahaw na tugang kan grupo asin interesado sa pag-eksplorar kan ideya nin sarong pinasakitan na si Peter kasunod kan mga pangyayari sa The Amazing Spider-Man 2, kaiba an kun pano an mga leksyon gikan sa mga pangyayaring idto maipapasa sa karakter ni Holland. Nagpapasalamat siya sa pagkakataon na &quot;magbugkos nin mga maluyang poro&quot; para sa saiyang pagkatawo ni Peter, asin ilinadawan an pagtrabaho kaiba si Holland asin Maguire bilang sarong oportunidad na magkaigwa nin &quot;mas hararom na mga orolay... manungod sa samong mga eksperyensya sa karakter&quot;. Si Peter natapos na iligtas si MJ sa panahon kan kulminasyon sa kaparehong paagi kun pano niya dai naligtas si Stacy sa The Amazing Spider-Man 2; Si McKenna asin an saiyang kagsurat na si Erik Sommers nagtao nin kredito sa direktor na si Jon Watts sa pag-isip kan ideya mantang sinda nagheheling nin sarong pre-visualization reel na nagpapahiling nin mga ideya para sa kulminasyon na laban.

* Si Tobey Maguire bilang Peter Parker / Spider-Man:

Sarong alternatibong bersyon ni Peter na naggagamit nin organikong webbing imbes na mga web shooter arog kan saiyang mga alternatibong katimbang. An ibang mga Spider-Men inaapod siyang &quot;Peter-Two&quot;, mantang an opisyal na website kan Marvel nginaranan siyang &quot;Friendly Neighborhood Spider-Man&quot;. Gusto ni Maguire na an pelikula maghayag sana nin mga dikit na detalye manungod sa kun ano an nangyari sa saiyang karakter pagkatapos kan mga pangyayari sa pelikula ni Raimi na Spider-Man 3 (2007).

== Toltolan ==
&lt;references /&gt;
{{stub}}</text>
      <sha1>s3fewiygov4cae86qfcjlfnj8skzwk4</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Emumägi</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>56548</id>
    <revision>
      <id>306713</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-19T14:19:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Poropot777</username>
        <id>30297</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Pinagmukna an pahina kaining &quot;[[File:Vaade Emumäe vaatetornist.jpg|thumb|View from the watchtower]] [[File:Emumagi.jpg|thumb|Watchtower]] An '''Emumägi''' sarong bulod sa [[Väike-Maarja Parish]], [[Lääne-Viru County]], [[Estonia]]. An bulod iyo an pinakaalitoktok sa [[Amihanan Estonia]]. An absolutong langkaw kaini [[absolute height]] 166.5 m asin an relatibong langkaw 80 m.&lt;ref name=&quot;puhkaeestis.ee&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Emumägi ja vaatetorn, Lääne-Viru maakond |url=https://www.puhkae...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>306713</origin>
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      <text bytes="947" sha1="0jxrl02vqrgrj4x9do4bj4vgjehysp5" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Vaade Emumäe vaatetornist.jpg|thumb|View from the watchtower]]
[[File:Emumagi.jpg|thumb|Watchtower]]
An '''Emumägi''' sarong bulod sa [[Väike-Maarja Parish]], [[Lääne-Viru County]], [[Estonia]]. An bulod iyo an pinakaalitoktok sa [[Amihanan Estonia]]. An absolutong langkaw kaini [[absolute height]] 166.5 m asin an relatibong langkaw 80 m.&lt;ref name=&quot;puhkaeestis.ee&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Emumägi ja vaatetorn, Lääne-Viru maakond |url=https://www.puhkaeestis.ee/et/emumagi-ja-vaatetorn |website=Puhkaeestis.ee |accessdate=27 March 2020 |language=et}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sa tuktok kan bulod igwang torreng bantayan na may langkaw 21.5 m.&lt;ref name=&quot;puhkaeestis.ee&quot; /&gt;

An  [[Emumäe Landscape Conservation Area]] pigdeklara sa palibot kaini ngani maproteheran an b ulod asin kapalibotan.

==Toltolan==
{{Reflist}}

{{Coord|format=dms|display=title}}

[[Kategorya:Mga bulod sa Estonia]]
[[Kategorya:Paroko nin Väike-Maarja]]

{{LääneViru-geo-stub}}</text>
      <sha1>0jxrl02vqrgrj4x9do4bj4vgjehysp5</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>306715</id>
      <parentid>306713</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-19T14:21:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Poropot777</username>
        <id>30297</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>306715</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="963" sha1="hx60el758nwg21refxaa82obxgzu7q9" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Vaade Emumäe vaatetornist.jpg|thumb|View from the watchtower]]
[[File:Emumagi.jpg|thumb|Watchtower]]
An '''Emumägi''' sarong bulod sa [[Väike-Maarja Parish]], [[Lääne-Viru County]], [[Estonia]]. An bulod iyo an pinakaalitoktok sa [[Amihanan Estonia]]. An absolutong langkaw kaini [[absolute height]] 166.5 m asin an relatibong langkaw 80 m.&lt;ref name=&quot;puhkaeestis.ee&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Emumägi ja vaatetorn, Lääne-Viru maakond |url=https://www.puhkaeestis.ee/et/emumagi-ja-vaatetorn |website=Puhkaeestis.ee |accessdate=27 March 2020 |language=et}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sa tuktok kan bulod igwang torreng bantayan na may langkaw 21.5 m.&lt;ref name=&quot;puhkaeestis.ee&quot; /&gt;

An  [[Emumäe Landscape Conservation Area]] pigdeklara sa palibot kaini ngani maproteheran an b ulod asin kapalibotan.

==Toltolan==
{{Reflist}}

{{Coord|format=dms|display=title}}

[[Kategorya:Mga bulod sa Estonia]]
[[Kategorya:Paroko nin Väike-Maarja]]
[[en:Emumägi]]

{{LääneViru-geo-stub}}</text>
      <sha1>hx60el758nwg21refxaa82obxgzu7q9</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>306716</id>
      <parentid>306715</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-19T14:22:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Poropot777</username>
        <id>30297</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>306716</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="942" sha1="7o9jdeq9g2mznlc3f35sisvn8opgike" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Vaade Emumäe vaatetornist.jpg|thumb|View from the watchtower]]
[[File:Emumagi.jpg|thumb|Watchtower]]
An '''Emumägi''' sarong bulod sa [[Väike-Maarja Parish]], [[Lääne-Viru County]], [[Estonia]]. An bulod iyo an pinakaalitoktok sa [[Amihanan Estonia]]. An absolutong langkaw kaini 166.5 m asin an relatibong langkaw 80 m.&lt;ref name=&quot;puhkaeestis.ee&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Emumägi ja vaatetorn, Lääne-Viru maakond |url=https://www.puhkaeestis.ee/et/emumagi-ja-vaatetorn |website=Puhkaeestis.ee |accessdate=27 March 2020 |language=et}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sa tuktok kan bulod igwang torreng bantayan na may langkaw 21.5 m.&lt;ref name=&quot;puhkaeestis.ee&quot; /&gt;

An  [[Emumäe Landscape Conservation Area]] pigdeklara sa palibot kaini ngani maproteheran an bulod asin kapalibotan.

==Toltolan==
{{Reflist}}

{{Coord|format=dms|display=title}}

[[Kategorya:Mga bulod sa Estonia]]
[[Kategorya:Paroko nin Väike-Maarja]]
[[en:Emumägi]]

{{LääneViru-geo-stub}}</text>
      <sha1>7o9jdeq9g2mznlc3f35sisvn8opgike</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Diyalekto nin Daan na Kazeruni</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>56549</id>
    <revision>
      <id>306719</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-19T16:08:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ShiminUfesoj</username>
        <id>11957</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Pinagmukna an pahina kaining &quot;{{Short description|Puho na tataramon na Habagatan-sulnopan na Iranyo}} {{Infobox tataramon | name             = Daan na Kazeruni | nativename       = {{lang|fa|کازرونی قدیم}} | pronunciation    =  | region           = [[Kazerun]] | extinct          = ? | familycolor      = Indo-Europeo | fam2             = [[Mga tataramon na Indo-Iranyo|Indo-Iranyo]] | fam3             = [[Mga tataramon na Iranyo|Iranyo]] | fam4             = Mga tataramon na Sul...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>306719</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="822" sha1="60pc18h5pysd89rqlk0vywebx575x1f" xml:space="preserve">{{Short description|Puho na tataramon na Habagatan-sulnopan na Iranyo}}
{{Infobox tataramon
| name             = Daan na Kazeruni
| nativename       = {{lang|fa|کازرونی قدیم}}
| pronunciation    = 
| region           = [[Kazerun]]
| extinct          = ?
| familycolor      = Indo-Europeo
| fam2             = [[Mga tataramon na Indo-Iranyo|Indo-Iranyo]]
| fam3             = [[Mga tataramon na Iranyo|Iranyo]]
| fam4             = [[Mga tataramon na Sulnopan na Iranyo|Sulnopan na Iranyo]]
| fam5             = [[Mga tataramon na Habagatan-sulnopan na Iranyo|Habagatan-sulnopan na Iranyo]]
| agency           = [[Akademya nin Tataramon asin Literaturang Persyano]]{{cn|date=October 2024}}
| glotto           = kaze1234
| glottorefname    = Kazeruni
| states           = [[Iran]]
| glottoname       = Kazeruni
}}</text>
      <sha1>60pc18h5pysd89rqlk0vywebx575x1f</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>306720</id>
      <parentid>306719</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-19T16:11:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ShiminUfesoj</username>
        <id>11957</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>306720</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2045" sha1="0tq595p2yjc3cws5f3lpbsjhe1advir" xml:space="preserve">{{Short description|Puho na tataramon na Habagatan-sulnopan na Iranyo}}
{{Infobox tataramon
| name             = Daan na Kazeruni
| nativename       = {{lang|fa|کازرونی قدیم}}
| pronunciation    = 
| region           = [[Kazerun]]
| extinct          = ?
| familycolor      = Indo-Europeo
| fam2             = [[Mga tataramon na Indo-Iranyo|Indo-Iranyo]]
| fam3             = [[Mga tataramon na Iranyo|Iranyo]]
| fam4             = [[Mga tataramon na Sulnopan na Iranyo|Sulnopan na Iranyo]]
| fam5             = [[Mga tataramon na Habagatan-sulnopan na Iranyo|Habagatan-sulnopan na Iranyo]]
| agency           = [[Akademya nin Tataramon asin Literaturang Persyano]]{{cn|date=October 2024}}
| glotto           = kaze1234
| glottorefname    = Kazeruni
| states           = [[Iran]]
| glottoname       = Kazeruni
}}
An '''diyalekto nin Daan na Kazeruni''' ({{langx|fa|کازرونی قدیم}}, [[Rinomano kan Persyano#UniPers|UniPers]]: Kâzeruniye qadim) iyo an puho na [[Mga tataramon na Habagatan-sulnopan na Iranyo|tataramon na Habagatan-sulnopan na Iranyo]]&lt;ref name=&quot;payne1987&quot;&gt;{{cite book | title=The World's Major Languages | year=1987 | last=Payne | first=J.R. | editor=Bernard Comrie | publisher=Oxford University Press | location=Oxford | isbn=978-0195065114 | pages=[https://archive.org/details/worldsmajorlangu0000unse/page/514 514] | url=https://archive.org/details/worldsmajorlangu0000unse/page/514 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.ethnologue.com/show_family.asp?subid=90028 Ethnologue report for Southwestern Iranian languages]&lt;/ref&gt; na pigtataram sa syudad nin [[Kazerun]] sa Habagatan na [[Iran]].&lt;ref&gt;Salami, A., 1383 [[Iranian calendar|AP]] / 2004 [[Gregorian calendar|AD]]. Ganjineye guyeššenâsiye Fârs (The treasury of the dialectology of Fars). First Volume, The academy of Persian language and literature. [http://persianacademy.ir/fa/ganjifars01.aspx] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070723105226/http://persianacademy.ir/fa/ganjifars01.aspx|date=2007-07-23}} {{ISBN|964-7531-32-X}} (in Persian)&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
      <sha1>0tq595p2yjc3cws5f3lpbsjhe1advir</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>306721</id>
      <parentid>306720</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-19T16:17:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ShiminUfesoj</username>
        <id>11957</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>306721</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3980" sha1="0q5feoe1pgow939jn6reckczj6c5u07" xml:space="preserve">{{Short description|Puho na tataramon na Habagatan-sulnopan na Iranyo}}
{{Infobox tataramon
| name             = Daan na Kazeruni
| nativename       = {{lang|fa|کازرونی قدیم}}
| pronunciation    = 
| region           = [[Kazerun]]
| extinct          = ?
| familycolor      = Indo-Europeo
| fam2             = [[Mga tataramon na Indo-Iranyo|Indo-Iranyo]]
| fam3             = [[Mga tataramon na Iranyo|Iranyo]]
| fam4             = [[Mga tataramon na Sulnopan na Iranyo|Sulnopan na Iranyo]]
| fam5             = [[Mga tataramon na Habagatan-sulnopan na Iranyo|Habagatan-sulnopan na Iranyo]]
| agency           = [[Akademya nin Tataramon asin Literaturang Persyano]]{{cn|date=October 2024}}
| glotto           = kaze1234
| glottorefname    = Kazeruni
| states           = [[Iran]]
| glottoname       = Kazeruni
}}
An '''diyalekto nin Daan na Kazeruni''' ({{langx|fa|کازرونی قدیم}}, [[Pagsasaromano kan Persyano#UniPers|UniPers]]: Kâzeruniye qadim) iyo an puho na [[Mga tataramon na Habagatan-sulnopan na Iranyo|tataramon na Habagatan-sulnopan na Iranyo]]&lt;ref name=&quot;payne1987&quot;&gt;{{cite book | title=The World's Major Languages | year=1987 | last=Payne | first=J.R. | editor=Bernard Comrie | publisher=Oxford University Press | location=Oxford | isbn=978-0195065114 | pages=[https://archive.org/details/worldsmajorlangu0000unse/page/514 514] | url=https://archive.org/details/worldsmajorlangu0000unse/page/514 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.ethnologue.com/show_family.asp?subid=90028 Ethnologue report for Southwestern Iranian languages]&lt;/ref&gt; na pigtataram sa syudad nin [[Kazerun]] sa Habagatan na [[Iran]].&lt;ref&gt;Salami, A., 1383 [[Iranian calendar|AP]] / 2004 [[Gregorian calendar|AD]]. Ganjineye guyeššenâsiye Fârs (The treasury of the dialectology of Fars). First Volume, The academy of Persian language and literature. [http://persianacademy.ir/fa/ganjifars01.aspx] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070723105226/http://persianacademy.ir/fa/ganjifars01.aspx|date=2007-07-23}} {{ISBN|964-7531-32-X}} (in Persian)&lt;/ref&gt;

==Mga halimbawa nin pangulayan==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 95%&quot;
![[Tataramon na Bikol Sentral|Tahaw na Bikol]]
!Daan na Kazeruni
![[Tataramon na Persyano|Persyano]]
![[Pagsasaromano kan Persyano#UniPers|Unipers]]
|-
|O, malas, pabayaan mo ako. Tunay nanggad, papahaleon mo ako.
|bahte bevad as teye men alest meγer kem febeva bekami darin.?
|.ای بخت بد از پیش من برخیز مگر مرا به باد خواهی داد
|Ey baxte bad az piše man barxiz magar marâ be bâd xâhi dâd.
|-
|An resulta kan saiyang singkwentang taon na mga gibo iyo ini, nasaksihan ko man iyan.
|kar-e penza sal-eš em bu oyzemân di.
|.سرانجام کار پنجاه ساله‌اش این بود، آن نیز دیدم
|saranjâme kâre panjâh sâleaš in bud, ân niz didam.
|-
|}

==Hilingon man==
* [[Mga diyalekto kan Fars]]
* [[Mga diyalekto asin tipo kan Persyano]]
* [[Mga tataramon na Sulnopan na Iranyo#Habagatan-sulnopan na Iranyo|Mga tataramon na Habagatan-sulnopan na Iranyo]]
* [[Mga tataramon na Iranyo]]

==Mga toltolan==
{{reflist}}

==Urog pang mababasa==
*Adib Tusi, M.A., 1381 [[Iranian calendar|AP]] / 2002 [[Gregorian calendar|AD]]. Lahjeye Kâzeruniye qadin, Kâzeruniye. (in Persian).
*Osman, Mahmud ebn, 1358 [[Iranian calendar|AP]] / 1979 [[Gregorian calendar|AD]]. فردوس المرشديه في اسرار الصمديه. به انضمام روايت ملخص آن موسوم به انوارالمرشد في اسرار الصمديه؛ به كوشش ايرج افشار. انجمن آثار ملي
*A. A. Sadeqi, &quot;KAZERUN iii. Old Kazerun Dialect&quot;, [[Encyclopaedia Iranica]], Vol. XVI, Fasc. 2, pp.&amp;nbsp;216–217 [http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/kazerun-iii]

[[Kategorya:Probinsya nin Fars]]
[[Kategorya:Mga tataramon kan Iran]]
[[Kategorya:Mga tataramon na Habagatan-sulnopan na Iranyo]]
[[Kategorya:Mga napuho nang mga tataramon sa Asya]]


{{mga tataramon na Iranyo}}{{stub}}</text>
      <sha1>0q5feoe1pgow939jn6reckczj6c5u07</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Grimpoteuthis</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>56550</id>
    <revision>
      <id>306723</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-19T18:36:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-35854-33</username>
        <id>31823</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Pinagmukna an pahina kaining &quot;{{Automatic taxobox | image = Dumbo-hires (cropped).jpg | taxon = Grimpoteuthis | authority = [[Guy Coburn Robson|Robson]], 1932 | type_species = ''[[Grimpoteuthis umbellata|Opisthoteuthis umbellata]]'' | type_species_authority = [[Paul Henri Fischer|P. Fischer]], 1884 | subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivision = 17, see text | synonyms = ''Enigmatiteuthis'' &lt;small&gt;O'Shea, 1999&lt;/small&gt; }}  An '''''Grimpoteuthis''''' sarong genus nin pelagic cirrate (finned) o...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>306723</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2694" sha1="f12nk8nonyu6u9cz0s18myhngcoszx0" xml:space="preserve">{{Automatic taxobox
| image = Dumbo-hires (cropped).jpg
| taxon = Grimpoteuthis
| authority = [[Guy Coburn Robson|Robson]], 1932
| type_species = ''[[Grimpoteuthis umbellata|Opisthoteuthis umbellata]]''
| type_species_authority = [[Paul Henri Fischer|P. Fischer]], 1884
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision = 17, see text
| synonyms = ''Enigmatiteuthis'' &lt;small&gt;O'Shea, 1999&lt;/small&gt;
}}

An '''''Grimpoteuthis''''' sarong genus nin pelagic cirrate (finned) octopods na bisto sa apod na '''dumbo octopus'''.&lt;ref name=MarineBio-558/&gt; An pangaran na &quot;dumbo&quot; gikan sa saindang pagkakaagid sa titulong karakter kan 1941 na pelikula kan Disney na [[Dumbo]], na igwa nin duwang prominenteng garo talinga na mga palikpik na minaabot sa manto sa itaas kan lambang mata. Igwa nin 17 species na nabibisto sa genus.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |year=2022 |title=''Grimpoteuthis'' {{small|(Robson, 1932)}} |url=https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&amp;id=138293 |website=World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) |via=marinespecies.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Young |first=Richard |title=Grimpoteuthis |url=http://tolweb.org/Grimpoteuthis |access-date=10 May 2014 |website=[[Tree of Life Web Project]] (tolweb.org)}}&lt;/ref&gt;

An mga klase nin ''Grimpoteuthis'' pighuhuna na igwa nin distribusyon sa bilog na kinaban, na nabubuhay sa malipot, mga rarom na minapoon sa 1,000–7,000 metros (3,300–23,000 piye).

==Mga species==
* [[Grimpoteuthis abyssicola|''Grimpoteuthis abyssicola'']] &lt;small&gt;O'Shea, 1999&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Grimpoteuthis bathynectes|''Grimpoteuthis bathynectes'']] &lt;small&gt;Voss &amp; Pearcy, 1990&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Grimpoteuthis boylei|''Grimpoteuthis boylei'']] &lt;small&gt;Collins, 2003&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Grimpoteuthis challengeri|''Grimpoteuthis challengeri'']] &lt;small&gt;Collins, 2003&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Grimpoteuthis discoveryi|''Grimpoteuthis discoveryi'']] &lt;small&gt;Collins, 2003&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Grimpoteuthis hippocrepium|''Grimpoteuthis hippocrepium'']] &lt;small&gt;(Hoyle, 1904)&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Grimpoteuthis innominata|''Grimpoteuthis innominata'']] &lt;small&gt;(O'Shea, 1999)&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Grimpoteuthis meangensis|''Grimpoteuthis meangensis'']] &lt;small&gt;(Hoyle, 1885)&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Grimpoteuthis megaptera|''Grimpoteuthis megaptera'']] &lt;small&gt;(Verrill, 1885)&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Grimpoteuthis pacifica|''Grimpoteuthis pacifica'']] &lt;small&gt;(Hoyle, 1885)&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Grimpoteuthis plena|''Grimpoteuthis plena'']] &lt;small&gt;(Verrill, 1885)&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Grimpoteuthis tuftsi|''Grimpoteuthis tuftsi'']] &lt;small&gt;Voss &amp; Pearcy, 1990&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Grimpoteuthis umbellata|''Grimpoteuthis umbellata'']] &lt;small&gt;(P. Fischer, 1884&lt;/small&gt;)
* [[Grimpoteuthis wuelkeri|''Grimpoteuthis wuelkeri'']] &lt;small&gt;(Grimpe, 1920)&lt;/small&gt;

==Toltolan==
{{reflist}}
{{stub}}</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Elmer Baldemoro</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>56551</id>
    <revision>
      <id>306734</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-19T23:32:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-35234-81</username>
        <id>31781</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>DZCO</comment>
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      <text bytes="503" sha1="ns87vy8goqzost008kly50cl1nxpvnw" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox officeholder 
| name                  = Elmer Baldemoro 
| image                 = 
| birth_name            = Elmer San Pascual Baldemoro 
| birh_date             = {{Birth date and age|1967|01|12}} 
| birth_place           = [[Syudad nin Naga|Naga]], [[Camarines Sur]], Filipinas
}}

Si '''Elmer San Pascual Baldemoro'''; (Enero 12, 1967) sarong Filipinong abogada [[DWMT]] asin DZCO pig-ooperar kan LCA Broadcasting Productions 

[[Kategorya:Mga Kongresista kan Probinsya nin Camarines Sur]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tataramon na Gorgani</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>56552</id>
    <revision>
      <id>306745</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-20T03:39:24Z</timestamp>
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        <id>11957</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Pinagmukna an pahina kaining &quot;{{Short description|Puho na tataramon kan amihanan na Iran}} {{Infobox tataramon | name             = Gorgani | altname          = Gurgani | nativename       = گوراڤانی | region           = [[Gorgan]] | extinct          = Ika-16-ika-18 siglo&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Borjian|first=Habib|date=2008|title=The Extinct Language of Gurgān: Its Sources and Origins|page=681|quote=Hence, Gurgani must have died out sometime after the fifteenth but certainly before t...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="967" sha1="7oxvexkks6qstgftszmnsh3zdogialw" xml:space="preserve">{{Short description|Puho na tataramon kan amihanan na Iran}}
{{Infobox tataramon
| name             = Gorgani
| altname          = Gurgani
| nativename       = گوراڤانی
| region           = [[Gorgan]]
| extinct          = Ika-16-ika-18 siglo&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Borjian|first=Habib|date=2008|title=The Extinct Language of Gurgān: Its Sources and Origins|page=681|quote=Hence, Gurgani must have died out sometime after the fifteenth but certainly before the nineteenth century}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| ethnicity        = [[Mga tawong Semnani|Semnani]]
| familycolor      = Indo-Europeo 
| fam2             = [[Mga tataramon na Indo-Iranyo|Indo-Iranyo]]
| fam3             = [[Mga tataramon na Iranyo|Iranyo]]
| fam4             = [[Mga tataramon na Sulnopan na Iranyo|Sulnopan na Iranyo]]
| fam5             = [[Mga tataramon na Kaspyo|Kaspyo]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Glottolog|gurg1241|Gurgani}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| iso3             = none
| glotto           = gurg1241
| glottorefname    = Gurgani
}}</text>
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    <revision>
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        <username>ShiminUfesoj</username>
        <id>11957</id>
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      <text bytes="1801" sha1="7m3xx5dyp879672xtrdn4ywtt7pn3e6" xml:space="preserve">{{Short description|Puho na tataramon kan amihanan na Iran}}
{{Infobox tataramon
| name             = Gorgani
| altname          = Gurgani
| nativename       = گوراڤانی
| region           = [[Gorgan]]
| extinct          = Ika-16-ika-18 siglo&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Borjian|first=Habib|date=2008|title=The Extinct Language of Gurgān: Its Sources and Origins|page=681|quote=Hence, Gurgani must have died out sometime after the fifteenth but certainly before the nineteenth century}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| ethnicity        = [[Mga tawong Semnani|Semnani]]
| familycolor      = Indo-Europeo 
| fam2             = [[Mga tataramon na Indo-Iranyo|Indo-Iranyo]]
| fam3             = [[Mga tataramon na Iranyo|Iranyo]]
| fam4             = [[Mga tataramon na Sulnopan na Iranyo|Sulnopan na Iranyo]]
| fam5             = [[Mga tataramon na Kaspyo|Kaspyo]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Glottolog|gurg1241|Gurgani}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| iso3             = none
| glotto           = gurg1241
| glottorefname    = Gurgani
}}
An '''Gorgani''' o '''Gurgani''' iyo an napuho nang tataramon kan siyudad nin [[Gorgan]] sa amihanan na Iran, kataid na [[tataramon na Mazanderani|Mazanderani]]. Ini nadokumento poon kan ika-14 asin ika-15 siglo, gikan sa mga sinurat kan hiroon nin [[Horufi]].&lt;ref&gt;{{glottolog|gurg1241|Gurgani}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Karayarayan ==
Kinarayaran kan [[Glottolog]] an Gorgani sa [[Mga tataramon na Kaspyo|''subgrupo'']] nin [[Mga tataramon na Kaspyo|Kaspyo]]'' kan mga tataramon na Iranyo, kaiba an [[tataramon na Mazanderani|Mazanderani]] asin [[tataramon na Gilaki|Gilaki]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:20&quot;&gt;{{Glottolog|casp1236|Caspian}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Mga toltolan==
{{Reflist}}

{{Mga tataramon na Iranyo}}

[[Kategorya:Mga tataramon na Amihanan-sulnopan na Iranyo]]
[[Kategorya:Mga tataramon na Kaspyo]]
[[Kategorya:Mga napuho nang mga tataramon sa Asya]]

{{stub}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Mga tataramon na Kaspyo</title>
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      <comment>Pinagmukna an pahina kaining &quot;{{Short description|Sanga kan tataramon na Iranyo}} {{hatnote group| {{distinguish|text=[[Mga tataramon na Amihanan-subangan na Kawkasyo]], minatukdo man sa &quot;mga tataramon na Kaspyo&quot;}} {{other uses|Kaspyo (klaripikasyon){{!}}Kaspyo}} }} {{Infobox pamilya nin tataramon  | map           = Caspian_languages.png | mapcaption    = An mga tataramon na Kaspyo | name          = Kaspyo | region        = Habagatan na baybayon kan [[Dagat Kaspyo]] | familycolor   = Indo-...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="1063" sha1="l23lp6pfadstudxoolvk0u90jse92bl" xml:space="preserve">{{Short description|Sanga kan tataramon na Iranyo}}
{{hatnote group|
{{distinguish|text=[[Mga tataramon na Amihanan-subangan na Kawkasyo]], minatukdo man sa &quot;mga tataramon na Kaspyo&quot;}}
{{other uses|Kaspyo (klaripikasyon){{!}}Kaspyo}}
}}
{{Infobox pamilya nin tataramon 
| map           = Caspian_languages.png
| mapcaption    = An mga tataramon na Kaspyo
| name          = Kaspyo
| region        = Habagatan na baybayon kan [[Dagat Kaspyo]]
| familycolor   = Indo-Europeo
| fam2          = [[Mga tataramon na Indo-Iranyo|Indo-Iranyo]]
| fam3          = [[Mga tataramon na Iranyo|Iranyo]]
| fam4          = [[Mga tataramon na Sulnopan na Iranyo|Sulnopan na Iranyo]]
| fam5          = [[Mga tataramon na Amihanan-sulnopan na Iranyo|Amihanan-sulnopan na Iranyo]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Glottolog|casp1236|Caspian}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| glotto        = casp1236
| glottorefname = Caspian
| child1        = [[tataramon na Gilaki|Gilaki]]
| child2        = [[tataramon na Mazandarani|Mazandarani]]
| child3        = [[tataramon na Gorgani|Gorgani]]
| child4        = [[Taleshi]] (pinag-iiriwalan)
}}</text>
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      <text bytes="3102" sha1="c0nwhrx4mev1b39nuwaboivs8dlcinz" xml:space="preserve">{{Short description|Sanga kan tataramon na Iranyo}}
{{hatnote group|
{{distinguish|text=[[Mga tataramon na Amihanan-subangan na Kawkasyo]], minatukdo man sa &quot;mga tataramon na Kaspyo&quot;}}
{{other uses|Kaspyo (klaripikasyon){{!}}Kaspyo}}
}}
{{Infobox pamilya nin tataramon 
| map           = Caspian_languages.png
| mapcaption    = An mga tataramon na Kaspyo
| name          = Kaspyo
| region        = Habagatan na baybayon kan [[Dagat Kaspyo]]
| familycolor   = Indo-Europeo
| fam2          = [[Mga tataramon na Indo-Iranyo|Indo-Iranyo]]
| fam3          = [[Mga tataramon na Iranyo|Iranyo]]
| fam4          = [[Mga tataramon na Sulnopan na Iranyo|Sulnopan na Iranyo]]
| fam5          = [[Mga tataramon na Amihanan-sulnopan na Iranyo|Amihanan-sulnopan na Iranyo]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Glottolog|casp1236|Caspian}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| glotto        = casp1236
| glottorefname = Caspian
| child1        = [[tataramon na Gilaki|Gilaki]]
| child2        = [[tataramon na Mazandarani|Mazandarani]]
| child3        = [[tataramon na Gorgani|Gorgani]]
| child4        = [[Taleshi]] (pinag-iiriwalan)
}}

An '''mga tataramon na Kaspyo''' sarong panginot na sanga kan [[Mga tataramon na Amihanan-sulnopan na Iranyo|mga tataramon na Amihanan-sulnopan na Iranyo]] na pigtataram sa [[Iran]] asin mga parteng kan [[Aserbayhan|Republikang Aserbayhan]], habagatan asin sulnopan kan [[Dagat Kaspyo]]. Sinda kakaiba man sa paghiras nin nagkapirang tipolohikong tampok sa [[mga tataramon na Kartvelian]].&lt;ref name=&quot;sciencedirect.com&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |title=Concomitant Replacement of Language and mtDNA in South Caspian Populations of Iran |doi=10.1016/j.cub.2006.02.021 |pmid=16581511 |volume=16 |issue=7 |date=April 2006 |journal=Curr. Biol. |pages=668–73 |last1=Nasidze |first1=I |last2=Quinque |first2=D |last3=Rahmani |first3=M |last4=Alemohamad |first4=SA |last5=Stoneking |first5=M |s2cid=7883334 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2006CBio...16..668N}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Grolier Incorporated page 294&quot;&gt;Academic American Encyclopedia By Grolier Incorporated, page 294&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;D.Stilo pages 137-185&quot;&gt;The Tati language group in the sociolinguistic context of Northwestern Iran and Transcaucasia By D.Stilo, pages 137-185&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Borjian H. The Mazandarani Dialect of Kalijān Rostāq. Iranian Studies. 2019;52(3-4):551-573. doi:10.1080/00210862.2019.1611371&lt;/ref&gt; Dawa ngani pigtataram sa subangan asin sulnopan na baybayon kan Kaspiya, an mga tataramon asin diyalekto kan Kaspyo igwa nin mahihiling na pagkakaagid sa tataramon na [[tataramon na Zaza|Zaza]], na pigtataram sa [[Anatolia]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{citation |last1=Asatrian |first1=Garnik |title=DIMLĪ |date=1995 |journal=[[Encyclopædia Iranica]] |volume=VI |issue=5 |pages=405–411 |url=https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/dimli/ |access-date=7 June 2020|author-link=Garnik Asatrian}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last=Paul |first=Ludwig |date=1998 |title=The Pozition of Zazaki the West Iranian Languages |url=https://www.iranchamber.com/literature/articles/zazaki_among_iranian_languages.pdf |access-date=October 28, 2025 |website=Iran Chamber |publisher=Open Publishing}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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      <text bytes="3612" sha1="svrh1sj5i9owhf2nlbdvmn7ejaru9hk" xml:space="preserve">{{Short description|Sanga kan tataramon na Iranyo}}
{{hatnote group|
{{distinguish|text=[[Mga tataramon na Amihanan-subangan na Kawkasyo]], minatukdo man sa &quot;mga tataramon na Kaspyo&quot;}}
{{other uses|Kaspyo (klaripikasyon){{!}}Kaspyo}}
}}
{{Infobox pamilya nin tataramon 
| map           = Caspian_languages.png
| mapcaption    = An mga tataramon na Kaspyo
| name          = Kaspyo
| region        = Habagatan na baybayon kan [[Dagat Kaspyo]]
| familycolor   = Indo-Europeo
| fam2          = [[Mga tataramon na Indo-Iranyo|Indo-Iranyo]]
| fam3          = [[Mga tataramon na Iranyo|Iranyo]]
| fam4          = [[Mga tataramon na Sulnopan na Iranyo|Sulnopan na Iranyo]]
| fam5          = [[Mga tataramon na Amihanan-sulnopan na Iranyo|Amihanan-sulnopan na Iranyo]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Glottolog|casp1236|Caspian}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| glotto        = casp1236
| glottorefname = Caspian
| child1        = [[tataramon na Gilaki|Gilaki]]
| child2        = [[tataramon na Mazandarani|Mazandarani]]
| child3        = [[tataramon na Gorgani|Gorgani]]
| child4        = [[Taleshi]] (pinag-iiriwalan)
}}

An '''mga tataramon na Kaspyo''' sarong panginot na sanga kan [[Mga tataramon na Amihanan-sulnopan na Iranyo|mga tataramon na Amihanan-sulnopan na Iranyo]] na pigtataram sa [[Iran]] asin mga parteng kan [[Aserbayhan|Republikang Aserbayhan]], habagatan asin sulnopan kan [[Dagat Kaspyo]]. Sinda kakaiba man sa paghiras nin nagkapirang tipolohikong tampok sa [[mga tataramon na Kartvelian]].&lt;ref name=&quot;sciencedirect.com&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |title=Concomitant Replacement of Language and mtDNA in South Caspian Populations of Iran |doi=10.1016/j.cub.2006.02.021 |pmid=16581511 |volume=16 |issue=7 |date=April 2006 |journal=Curr. Biol. |pages=668–73 |last1=Nasidze |first1=I |last2=Quinque |first2=D |last3=Rahmani |first3=M |last4=Alemohamad |first4=SA |last5=Stoneking |first5=M |s2cid=7883334 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2006CBio...16..668N}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Grolier Incorporated page 294&quot;&gt;Academic American Encyclopedia By Grolier Incorporated, page 294&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;D.Stilo pages 137-185&quot;&gt;The Tati language group in the sociolinguistic context of Northwestern Iran and Transcaucasia By D.Stilo, pages 137-185&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Borjian H. The Mazandarani Dialect of Kalijān Rostāq. Iranian Studies. 2019;52(3-4):551-573. doi:10.1080/00210862.2019.1611371&lt;/ref&gt; Dawa ngani pigtataram sa subangan asin sulnopan na baybayon kan Kaspiya, an mga tataramon asin diyalekto kan Kaspyo igwa nin mahihiling na pagkakaagid sa tataramon na [[tataramon na Zaza|Zaza]], na pigtataram sa [[Anatolia]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{citation |last1=Asatrian |first1=Garnik |title=DIMLĪ |date=1995 |journal=[[Encyclopædia Iranica]] |volume=VI |issue=5 |pages=405–411 |url=https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/dimli/ |access-date=7 June 2020|author-link=Garnik Asatrian}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last=Paul |first=Ludwig |date=1998 |title=The Pozition of Zazaki the West Iranian Languages |url=https://www.iranchamber.com/literature/articles/zazaki_among_iranian_languages.pdf |access-date=October 28, 2025 |website=Iran Chamber |publisher=Open Publishing}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Karayarayan ==

An [[Glottolog]] naglilista kan mga tataramon na Kaspyo bilang [[tataramon na Gilaki|Gilaki]]-Rudbari, [[tataramon na Mazanderani|Mazanderani]]-Shahmirzadi asin [[tataramon na Gorgani|Gorgani]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Glottolog|casp1236|Caspian}}&lt;/ref&gt; Siring man, susog sa Ethnologue, an mga tataramon na Caspian binibilog kan Gilaki, Mazanderani asin Shahmirzadi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Caspian |url=https://www.ethnologue.com/subgroup/1695/ |access-date=3 March 2026 |website=Ethnologue}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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