Wikipédi bewwiki https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bal%C3%A9-bal%C3%A9 MediaWiki 1.46.0-wmf.24 first-letter Wasilah Istimèwa Kongko Pemaké Kongko pemaké Wikipédi Kongko Wikipédi Gepokan Kongko gepokan MediaWiki Kongko MediaWiki Sablonan Kongko sablonan Pertulungan Kongko pertulungan Bangsaan Kongko bangsaan TimedText TimedText talk Modul Pembicaraan Modul Pegelaran Kongko Pegelaran Wikipédi:Makalah gacoan 4 3345 34254 33367 2026-04-18T01:06:18Z Swarabakti 44 /* Nyang lagi dipampangin */ 34254 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOTOC__ {| | width="100%" style="padding:1em 1em 1em 1em; border:1px solid #A3B1BF; background-color:#E6F2FF" valign="top"| [[Gepokan:Cscr-featured.svg|left|50px]] '''Makalah gacoan''' entu ada apa-apa makalah nyang mantep punya hasil gawéannya di ni Wikipédi. Kapan lu ada pèngèn masupin atu makalah gacoan anyar ni daptar, tu makalah kudu dibikin bakalnya dulu di ni halaman punya [[Kongko Wikipédi:Makalah gacoan|perhadring]], kudu banget ditilik ama tukang permak pada, bener, ga', sih, dia udah nutugin [[Wikipedia:Makalah gacoan/Patokan|makalah gacoan punya patokan]]. Wayah gini, udah ada '''{{formatnum: <onlyinclude>{{jumblah MG}}</onlyinclude>}}''' makalah gacoan deri {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}} makalah nyang ada di ni Wikipédi. Kalu maké tampang kumpiuter, makalah nyang bolé dapet jadi makalah gacoan entar ada nanggrak dia punya tenger bintang ({{Icon|FA}}) di huk kanan atas. Atu makalah nyang jadi makalah gacoan di laèn-laèn Wikipédi punya basa juga' bakal gableg tenger bintang di sènggètan anterwiki ke entu basa. {{shortcut|WP:MG|WP:FA}} |} ==Nyang lagi dipampangin== <templatestyles src="Sablonan:Balé-balé/style.css"/> {{Balé-balé/kotak |title = {{icon|fa}} Makalah gacoan |warna = yellow |content = {{Makalah gacoan pampangan}}--> }} ==Daptar== <categorytree mode="pages" hideroot="on">Makalah gacoan</categorytree> [[Bangsaan:Makalah gacoan Wikipédi]] j0ijutknl56y6bi3bs8xir1nhttbeke 34255 34254 2026-04-18T01:06:30Z Swarabakti 44 /* Nyang lagi dipampangin */ 34255 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOTOC__ {| | width="100%" style="padding:1em 1em 1em 1em; border:1px solid #A3B1BF; background-color:#E6F2FF" valign="top"| [[Gepokan:Cscr-featured.svg|left|50px]] '''Makalah gacoan''' entu ada apa-apa makalah nyang mantep punya hasil gawéannya di ni Wikipédi. Kapan lu ada pèngèn masupin atu makalah gacoan anyar ni daptar, tu makalah kudu dibikin bakalnya dulu di ni halaman punya [[Kongko Wikipédi:Makalah gacoan|perhadring]], kudu banget ditilik ama tukang permak pada, bener, ga', sih, dia udah nutugin [[Wikipedia:Makalah gacoan/Patokan|makalah gacoan punya patokan]]. Wayah gini, udah ada '''{{formatnum: <onlyinclude>{{jumblah MG}}</onlyinclude>}}''' makalah gacoan deri {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}} makalah nyang ada di ni Wikipédi. Kalu maké tampang kumpiuter, makalah nyang bolé dapet jadi makalah gacoan entar ada nanggrak dia punya tenger bintang ({{Icon|FA}}) di huk kanan atas. Atu makalah nyang jadi makalah gacoan di laèn-laèn Wikipédi punya basa juga' bakal gableg tenger bintang di sènggètan anterwiki ke entu basa. {{shortcut|WP:MG|WP:FA}} |} ==Nyang lagi dipampangin== <templatestyles src="Sablonan:Balé-balé/style.css"/> {{Balé-balé/kotak |title = {{icon|fa}} Makalah gacoan |warna = yellow |content = {{Makalah gacoan pampangan}} }} ==Daptar== <categorytree mode="pages" hideroot="on">Makalah gacoan</categorytree> [[Bangsaan:Makalah gacoan Wikipédi]] l357dric76ilirk15xjc0r75w6k4qu1 Balé-balé 0 3416 34258 33557 2026-04-18T01:07:54Z Swarabakti 44 34258 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOEDITSECTION__ __NOTOC__ <templatestyles src="Sablonan:Balé-balé/style.css" /> {{Balé-balé/Selamet dateng}} {{Balé-balé/Palang bangsaan}} <div class="mp-main-content"> <div class="mp-main-content__focus"> <!---- MAKALAH GACOAN ----> {{Balé-balé/kotak |title = {{icon|fa}}&nbsp; {{colored link|#333333|Wikipédi:Makalah gacoan|Makalah gacoan}} |warna = yellow |content = {{Makalah gacoan pampangan}} }} <!---- GAMBAR GACOAN ----> {{Balé-balé/kotak |title = {{icon|fp}}&nbsp; {{colored link|#333333|Wikipédi:Gambar gacoan|Gambar gacoan}} |warna = yellow |content = {{Wikipédi:Gambar gacoan/{{CURRENTYEAR}} {{CURRENTMONTH}}}} }} <!-- NI ARI DALEM SEJARAHNYA (diumpetin) {{Balé-balé/kotak |title ={{colored link|#333333|Wikipédi:Ni ari dalem sejarahnya|Ni ari dalem sejarahnya}} |content = {{Ni ari dalem sejarahnya}} }}--> </div> <div class="mp-main-content__other"> <!---- PASAL WIKIPÉDI (diumpetin) {{Balé-balé/kotak |title ={{colored link|#333333|Wikipédi:Pasal Wikipédi|Pasal Wikipédi}} |content = Ni Wikipédi entu atu '''ènsiklopédi''' [[basa Betawi]] nyang '''perdèo''', bakal sapa aja mao '''ngeja''', '''mermak''', ama '''ngedumanin''' isi-isinya. }}----> <!-- SAMBATAN --> {{Balé-balé/kotak |title = {{icon|sambat}}&nbsp; {{colored link|#333333|Istimèwa:Halaman baru|Sambatan}} |warna = pink |content = {{Balé-balé/Sambatan}} }} <!-- NYAHO, GA', LU --> {{Balé-balé/kotak |title = {{icon|dyk}}&nbsp; {{colored link|#333333|Wikipédi:Nyaho ga' lu|Nyaho, ga', lu}} |warna = pink |content ={{Wikipédi:Nyaho ga' lu/{{CURRENTMONTH}}}} }} </div> </div> <div class="mp-footer"> <div class="mp-footer__main"> <!-- LAÈN-LAÈN PROYÈK --> {{Balé-balé/kotak |title = {{icon|wikimedia}}&nbsp; Laèn-laèn proyèk |warna = green |content = {{Proyèk laènnya}} }} </div> </div> kxeksz4iinjxzo82kv7pc7tv3te0o9n Bir pletok 0 5461 34259 33814 2026-04-18T01:20:43Z Swarabakti 44 34259 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox food | name = Bir pletok | image = Bir Pletok (closeup, bg removed).png | image_size = 180px | caption = Bir pletok botolan punya roman | country = [[Indonésia]] | region = [[Jakarta]]<ref name="WBTB">{{cite web | title=Bir pletok | website=Warisan Budaya Takbenda | url=https://warisanbudaya.kemdikbud.go.id/?newdetail&detailTetap=127 |date=2014-01-01 | access-date=2024-06-26}}</ref> | course = Minuman | served = Anget bisa, dingin bisa | main_ingredient = [[Aèr]], [[cengké]], daon [[Pandan wangi|pandan]], [[jahé]], [[kapolaga]], [[kayu manis]], [[garem]], [[gula]], [[pala]], [[secang]], [[seré]]{{sfnp|Giyatmi|2018|p=275–276}} | minor_ingredient = [[Ades]], [[bunga lawang]], [[cabé jawa]], daon [[jeruk purut]], [[jinten item]], [[kayu angin]], [[mesoyi|kayu mesoyi]], [[kencur]], [[lada item|merica]], [[temu konci]], [[temu lawak]] }} '''Bir pletok''' atawa '''bir klotok'''<ref>{{Cite magazine|last=Damwijk|first=R. H.|date=2019-07-01|title=Bir klotok of bir pletok?|trans-title=Bir klotok atawa bir pletok?|language=nl|magazine=Moesson|page=7|url=https://moesson.pictura-dp.nl/issue/MOESSON/2019-07-01/edition/null/page/7|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241210104646/https://images.memorix.nl/moe/thumb/1920x1080/25ef5632-4600-193a-4907-36fea99657af.jpg|archive-date=2024-12-10|access-date=2024-12-10}}</ref> entu [[orang Betawi]] punya minuman nyang ngangetin ama nyegerin awak. Ni minuman dibikinnya paké [[jahé]], [[secang]], ama laèn-laèn macem-macem [[rempah]]. Cara ngeja ni bir pletok entu mulain deri mili-mili ama nyiapin bahan bikin, digodog breg bareng-bareng, ampé ditapis. Sebelonnya ditanjain, ni bir pletok juga' bisa dikocok ampé merusmus. Bir pletok punya warna, wangi, ama rasa bolé laèn-laèn ngrikut dia punya bahan bikin ama cara ngeja. Ni minuman tokcèr bakal nurunin rèsiko penyakit nyang kaga' nepa bahna godogan rempahnya gableg jat-jat [[antioksidan]] seabreg. Pegimana sanonya bisa nongol ni bir pletok kaga' tau ada kecatet bener-bener. Asanan, ni bir pletok sanonya dibikin bahna orang Betawi punya kepèngènan gableg minuman tanjaan saban keriaan bakal diadu ama tu orang Peringgi punya [[aèr anggur]] ama [[bir]]. Cumannya, biar digero' "bir", ni minuman kaga' ada [[alkohol]]nya ama bisa diaciin [[halal]] juga'. Ni bir pletok kudu ada kapan orang Betawi punya hajatan atawa keriaan kaya' pengantèn [[sunat]] ama [[kawin]]an, ama di tempat-tempat plesiran. Ni minuman terdisionil udah diakuin jadi Indonésia punya [[budèl budaya bukanbenda]]<!--warisan budaya takbenda-->, serènta jadi orang Betawi punya lambang budaya nyang diopènin ama guwernemèn [[Jakarta]]. ==Nama== Nah, bir pletok punya nama entu, kalo disasab, rada kaga' jelas juntrungnya. Entu nama ''bir'' mentak dicomot deri [[basa Welanda]] punya setilah ''bier'' 'bir',{{sfnp|Reijst|Pereira|2022|p=86}} ya biar kata ni minuman kaga' bikin tèlèr{{sfnp|Teviningrum ènh.|2016|p=57}} èn dia punya campuran kaga' ada sama acan ama bir.{{sfnp|Reijst|Pereira|2022|p=86}} Biar gitu, ada juga' nyang nyananya kalo ni nama ''bir'' benernya dicomot deri [[basa Arab]] punya setilah ''biʼrun'' atawa 'sumur'.{{sfnp|Attas|2021|p=589–590}} Nama ''pletok'' entu mentak dicomot deri bunyi bletok wayah notok dia punya bahan bikin sebelon digodog,<ref name="rezkisari">{{cite web |last=Rezkisari |first=Indira |title=Berbagai versi sejarah lahirnya bir pletok |trans-title=Beragem pèrsi sejarah nongotnya bir pletok |lang=id |website=Republika Online |date=2017-07-11 |url=https://ameera.republika.co.id/berita/oswmzc328/berbagai-versi-sejarah-lahirnya-bir-pletok |access-date=2024-06-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240627195205/https://ameera.republika.co.id/berita/oswmzc328/berbagai-versi-sejarah-lahirnya-bir-pletok |archive-date=2024-06-27}}</ref> wayah entu campuran dikocok paké bungbung bangbu{{sfnp|Attas|2021|p=589}}<ref name="yuniar">{{cite web |last=Yuniar |first=Nanien |title=Apa arti "pletok" dalam bir pletok? |trans-title=Apa, sih, ma'na "pletok" dalem bir pletok? |lang=id |website=Antara News |date=2020-06-23 |url=https://www.antaranews.com/berita/1569668/apa-arti-pletok-dalam-bir-pletok |access-date=2024-06-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240627195216/https://www.antaranews.com/berita/1569668/apa-arti-pletok-dalam-bir-pletok |archive-date=2024-06-27}}</ref> atawa belèk bakal ngeja nguarin busa,{{sfnp|Habsari|2007|p=47}} wayah [[Perop|kerop]] entu minuman dibuka',<ref name="yuniar"/>{{sfnp|Silalahi|Wahyuningtyas|Kalima|2023|p=335}} atawa deri gletak-gletuk batu ès di dalem téko nyang dipaké bakal nanjain ni minuman.{{sfnp|Attas|2021|p=589}} Aturan bakal nama bikinan pangan kuaran [[Lembaga Pengajian Pangan, Obat-obatan, èn Kosmétika Majelis Ulama' Indonésia|LPPOM]] [[Majelis Ulama' Indonésia]] ada ngomongin kalo nama bikinan pangan nyang pèngèn diaciin [[halal]] kaga' bolé ada unsur [[haram]] atawa dilarang buat orang [[Selam]], kaya' misal kata ''bir'' nyang sanonya punya ma'na minuman sebangsa [[aèr serani]].{{sfnp|Pangastuti ènh.|2021|p=20}} Cumannya, ni bir pletok kaga' kena entu aturan, bahna dia udah keanggep ''[['Urf|ʻurf]]'' atawa tumannya orang mari, karangan juga' udah kesohor jadi minuman bakal ngangetin awak nyang kaga' ada haram-haramnya kalo diliat deri dia punya jat.{{sfnp|Pangastuti ènh.|2021|p=21}}<ref name="rostanti">{{cite web |last1=Ramadani |first1=Adysha Citra |last2=Rostanti |first2=Qommarria |title=Meski pakai kata 'bir', bir pletok bisa disertifikasi halal, ini beberapa produknya |trans-title=Biar paké kata 'bir', bir pletok bisa diaciin halal, nih dia punya bikinan barang berapa biji |lang=id |website=Republika Online |date=2024-05-21 |url=https://ameera.republika.co.id/berita/sdso7v425/meski-pakai-kata-bir-bir-pletok-bisa-disertifikasi-halal-ini-beberapa-produknya |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240627195205/https://ameera.republika.co.id/berita/sdso7v425/meski-pakai-kata-bir-bir-pletok-bisa-disertifikasi-halal-ini-beberapa-produknya |archive-date=2024-06-27 |access-date=2024-07-01}}</ref> ==Sejarah== [[Gepokan:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Diner van de Nederlands-Indische Handelsbank Batavia TMnr 60045030.jpg|thumb|right|upright=1.5|Menir pada ngeriung di [[Betawi]] wayah jaman [[Hindia Welanda]]]] Kaga' ada catetannya nyang bilangin kapan awal mulanya enni bir pletok nongol,<ref name="rezkisari"/> tapi ni minuman paling kaga' udah ada semprakan jaman normal, dah.{{sfnp|Attas|2021|p=589}} [[JJ Rizal]] nyang tukang ngaji sejarah bilang kalo ni bir pletok sanonya dikeja ama masarakat Betawi jadi tironan ama aduannya orang Peringgi punya [[aèr serani]].<ref name="afrisia">{{cite web |last=Afrisia |first=Rizky Sekar |title=Sejarah bir pletok Betawi, tiruan anggur Barat tanpa alkohol |trans-title=Sejarah bir pletok Betawi, tironan aèr anggur sonder alkohol |lang=id |website=CNN Indonesia |date=2015-06-22 |url=https://www.cnnindonesia.com/gaya-hidup/20150622154243-262-61620/sejarah-bir-pletok-betawi-tiruan-anggur-barat-tanpa-alkohol |access-date=2024-06-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240627195209/https://www.cnnindonesia.com/gaya-hidup/20150622154243-262-61620/sejarah-bir-pletok-betawi-tiruan-anggur-barat-tanpa-alkohol |archive-date=2024-06-27}}</ref> Pas jaman normal, orang Betawi gedongan saban ari mantengin [[orang Welanda]] pada atoh banget nenggak bir bakal ngangetin dia punya awak.<ref name="yuniar"/> Belonan, mah, entu keriaan-keriaan Welanda dianggep ramé kalu ada tanjaan [[aèr anggur|aèr anggurnya]] ampé pating kancab ke mana-mana.<ref name="afrisia"/>{{sfnp|Attas|2021|p=590}} Pan, orang Betawi, mah, nyang namanya kèok gè' ogah pisan. Jadinya, orang kita jadi pada pèngèn juga' minuman nyang bisa ditanjain saban ada keriaan. Cuman lantaran orang Betawi punya [[igama]] entu banyak nyang Selam, dia pada [[Minum ciu dalem Selam|kaga' bolé minum ciu]]. Mangkanya, dia pada bikin, dah, tu bir pletok, ya'entu minuman bakal ngangetin awak nyang dia punya warna mèra rada coklat kaya' bir, tapi kaga' ada alkoholnya acan.<ref name="afrisia"/>{{sfnp|Sultani|Anastasia|Yuliswara|2020|p=144–146}} Bolé dibilang ni minuman entu kisaran atawa gabregan ketumanan Peringgi nyang pebotoh nginum minuman ama orang kita nyang pebotoh ngadonin rempah.{{sfnp|Attas|2021|p=591}} Bir pletok mulain pating seliweran ditanjain paké [[pikulan]] kuliling semprakan taon 1900-an.{{sfnp|Gardjito|Putri|Dewi|2017|p=113–114}} Cumannya kalo ngrikut sejarahnya, dia punya pamor mulain ngeriep wayah taon 1970-an, keruruban ama minuman Kulon nyang derak di toko atawa [[warung madang]] karangan tu [[Pembandaan asing langsung|banda luar pada masup]] ke Jakarta. Biar entu [[makanan Betawi]] nyang mulain pada kegencèt kaga' ilang, guwernemèn di Jakarta ongsogin, dah, tu bir pletok ama laèn-laèn daharan Betawi di macem-macem keriaan, paling gedénya di [[Pekan Raya Jakarta]]. Ni bir pletok terus dipegarin, dikeja ngebadeg bikinan turunan. Cumannya, mah, pagon aya. Pemegaran begini kaga' juga' ngasilin marian atawa dampak nyang gedé. Tukang bikin bir pletok, pan, biasanya cuman ngelakonin dia punya [[Usaha mikro, kecit, èn sedeng-sedeng|dagangan kecit-kecit]] aja. Atuh puguh, mah, kadanan [[Pembuatan gedé-gedéan|ngebuat gedé-gedéan]]<!--produksi massal--> kalo puncinya kaga' cumpon. Karangan, tu makanan Betawi udah pada kèok pamor di Jakartanya kendiri lantaran orang Betawi pating mijah ke utekan peminggiran.{{sfnp|Sultani|Anastasia|Yuliswara|2020|p=151–154}} Ni minuman udah diaciin jadi budèl budaya bukanbenda di trap sional semprakan taon 2014.<ref name="WBTB"/> Belèd Daèrah nomer 4 Taon 2015 serènta Belèd Gubernur nomer 11 Taon 2017 nyang dikuarin ama guwernemèn Propinsi DKI Jakarta ngaciin bir pletok jadi atu deri lapan orang Betawi punya lambang budaya nyang kudu diopènin.<ref name="wiguna">{{cite web |last=Wiguna |first=Dewa Ketut Sudiarta |title=Para perawat ikon Betawi |trans-title=Nyang pada ngopénin lambang Betawi |lang=id |website=Antara News |date=2022-06-25 |url=https://www.antaranews.com/berita/2960161/para-perawat-ikon-betawi |access-date=2024-06-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240627195216/https://www.antaranews.com/berita/2960161/para-perawat-ikon-betawi |archive-date=2024-06-27}}</ref> Gègèr-gègè setida' di Indonésia taon 2020 pas mulain mènclok tu [[awar-awar Covid-19]], bir pletok jadi pating laris dibeli bahna ngebadeg nyang punya pemikir ni minuman tokcèr bakal ngeja kuat [[kosènan awak]].<ref name="Pirlo">{{cite web |last=Pirlo |first=Reza Antares |title=Disebut anti corona, bir pletok Tangsel tembus luar negeri |website=Tagar.id |date=2020-03-16 |trans-title=Dibilang ''anti corona'', bir pletok Tenggerang Kidul jebrol ke luar negeri |lang=id |url=https://www.tagar.id/disebut-anti-corona-bir-pletok-tangsel-tembus-luar-negeri |access-date=2024-07-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240703193814/https://www.tagar.id/disebut-anti-corona-bir-pletok-tangsel-tembus-luar-negeri |archive-date=2024-07-03}}</ref> Wayah taon 2022, bir pletok punya resèp nanggrak di nomer tiga deri sepulu resèp nyang pada dicariin [[warga jala]] Indonésia liwat [[Google Search]].<ref>{{cite web | last=Aisyah | first=Yuharrani | title=10 resep paling viral di Indonesia pada 2022, kamu pernah bikin? |trans-title=10 resèp paling nyohor di Indonésia taon 2022, tau bikinnya, ga', lu? |lang=id |website=Kompas.com | date=2023-01-01 | url=https://www.kompas.com/food/read/2023/01/01/090138475/10-resep-paling-viral-di-indonesia-pada-2022-kamu-pernah-bikin |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230807181956/https://www.kompas.com/food/read/2023/01/01/090138475/10-resep-paling-viral-di-indonesia-pada-2022-kamu-pernah-bikin |archive-date=2023-08-07| access-date=2024-09-13}}</ref> ==Bahan bikin== Bahan bakal bikin bir pletok bisa laèn-laèn ngrikut daèrahnya ama tukang nyang bikinnya. Nyang ajeg, mah, cuman jahé ama kayu secangnya.{{sfnp|Ishartani|Kawiji|Khasanah|2012|p=35}}{{sfnp|Kholishoh ènh.|2019|p=160}} Jahé nyang jadi unsur paling gedé nyumbangin dia punya rasa pedes-pedes anget.{{sfnp|Muliani|2017|p=228}} Ni bir pletok bédanya ama [[Bogor Kota|Bogor]] punya [[bir kocok]] entu cuman pekara bir kocok kaga' secangnya doang.<ref name="sudarsono">{{cite web |last=Sudarsono |first=Ratih P. |title=Sihir rasa dari Suryakancana | trans-title=Pèlèt rasa deri Suryakencana | lang=id | website=Kompas.id |date=2019-02-15 |url=https://www.kompas.id/baca/utama/2019/02/16/sihir-rasa-dari-suryakancana |access-date=2024-06-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240627195208/https://www.kompas.id/baca/utama/2019/02/16/sihir-rasa-dari-suryakancana |archive-date=2024-06-27}}</ref> Nah, barang berapa rempah seger nyang dipaké bakal bir pletok punya campuran entu ada daon [[pandan wangi]], daon [[jeruk purut]], ama [[seré]].{{sfnp|Dewantara|Levyta|2022|p=75}}{{sfnp|Putra ènh.|2023|p=84}} Kalo rempah keringnya entu kaya' misal [[ades manis]], [[cabé jawa]], [[cengké]], [[jinten item]], [[kepolaga]], [[kayu angin]], [[kayu manis]], [[mesoyi|kayu mesoyi]], [[merica]], ampé biji [[pala]].{{sfnp|Giyatmi|2018|p=275–276}}<ref name="Pirlo"/>{{sfnp|Dewantara|Levyta|2022|p=75}} Ragem jahé nyang dipaké entu bisa jahé emprit, jahé gajah, jahé mera, atawa dioplosin.{{sfnp|Muliani|2017|p=228}}{{sfnp|Dewantara|Levyta|2022|p=75}} [[Rimpang]] selaènnya jahé, kaya' [[kencur]], [[temu lawak]], ama [[temu konci]] juga' bolé dipaké bakal ni minuman punya campuran biar mingkin mantep dia punya rasa dah.{{sfnp|Kholishoh ènh.|2019|p=159}} Biar dikata ni minuman aseli Betawi, ga' semua-mua orang Betawi demen ama dia punya rasa ama wangi rempahnya nyang kenceng.{{sfnp|Chaer|2015|p=119}}{{sfnp|Sultani|Anastasia|Yuliswara|2020|p=148}} Ni ihwal punya lantaran, ragem rempah nyang kepaké ama takerannya juga' bisa macem-macem, bakal dapetin rasa ama wangi nyang orang kepèngèn. Pemakéan [[garem]] ama pemanis juga' bisa bèda-bèda pakemnya.{{sfnp|Giyatmi|2018|p=275–276}} Misalnya nih ya, ada tukang bikin nyang sengaja ga' paké seré, atawa nambahin tu [[aèr kentel manis]] bakal campurannya.{{sfnp|Sultani|Anastasia|Yuliswara|2020|p=148}} Laèn tukang juga' ada ngeja ragem nyang rasanya ga' bikin enek bakal bocah pada, juga' bakal orang nyang ga' demenan rasa-rasa taneman obat.<ref name="Pirlo"/> Rasa manis di bir pletok bolé dapet deri [[gula pasir]], [[gula mèra]], campuran dua-duanya,{{sfnp|Ishartani|Kawiji|Khasanah|2012|p=32}} atawa bisa juga' deri [[penuker gula]]; puguh, dia punya takaran macem-macem ngrikut pèngènnya si tukang bikin ama dia punya langganan<!--konsumen?-->.{{sfnp|Muliani|2017|p=231, 233}}{{sfnp|Putra ènh.|2023|p=85}} [[Gepokan:Bir pletok ingredients 20240622 123245.jpg|jmpl|ki|upright=1.6|Apa-apa campuran bakal bikin bir pletok dikasi unjuk di [[Musium Betawi]]{{sfnp|Sukaesih|Nurislaminingsih|Winoto|2022|p=373–374}}]] Bèda bahan bikin nyang kepaké pas ngejain bir pletok ga' cuman nyawabin dia punya rasa ama wangi, tapi juga' warnanya; mulain deri nyang mèra orèn-orèn, mèra cengcokelatan, ampé mèra lembayung.{{sfnp|Muliani|2017|p=227}} Bahan kelir alami nyang kepaké di bir pletok entu kayu secang ama daon pandan.{{sfnp|Ishartani|Kawiji|Khasanah|2012|p=32}} Pemakéan kayu secang bisa ngeja ni minuman bèda-béda warna ngrikut dia punya [[pH|trap keaseman]]. Kalo asem dia konèng-konèng, kalo nètral dia mèra ngejrèng, kalo basa dia mèra ungu-ungu.{{sfnp|Hisyam|2023|p=129}} Macem ragem bir pletok punya bahan bikin ngunjukin roncat-roncèt ragem budaya nyang masarakat Betawi kesawaban.{{sfnp|Sultani|Anastasia|Yuliswara|2020|p=147, 157}} Minuman sembabad nyang bahannya godogan taneman obat juga' ada diketemuin di laèn budaya di Nusantara, kaya' misal orang Jawa punya [[jamu]] atawa anak Bali punya ''[[loloh]]''. Rerempaan kaya' kepolaga atawa kayu manis sanonya galib dipaké di [[makanan Arab]] ama [[makanan India]], dua-dua terdisi masak nyang nimbrung nyawabin makanan Betawi.{{sfnp|Sultani|Anastasia|Yuliswara|2020|p=147–148, 152–153}} Barengan ama [[kerak telor]], JJ Rizal nggero' ni bir pletok jadi "keja agung paling tulèn"<!--"mahakarya paling orisinal"--> orang Betawi punya.<ref name="birra">{{cite web |last=Birra |first=Fadhil Al |title=Ketika sejarawan bicara soal kerak telor dan bir pletok, orisinal! |trans-title=Kapan tukang ngaji sejarah ngomongin kerak telor ama bir pletok, orisinil! |lang=id |website=Jawa Pos |date=2017-07-08 |url=https://www.jawapos.com/humaniora/01146632/ketika-sejarawan-bicara-soal-kerak-telor-dan-bir-pletok-orisinal |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240629072916/https://www.jawapos.com/humaniora/01146632/ketika-sejarawan-bicara-soal-kerak-telor-dan-bir-pletok-orisinal |archive-date=2024-06-29 |access-date=2024-06-29}}</ref> Sepegimana tu kerak telor ngunjukin Betawi punya budaya [[langbow|tani]] liwat pemakéan bahan asil taneman ama ternakan, ni bir pletok ngunjukin kalo Betawi entu juga' tau jadi sintrem [[dagang|tuker-tukeran]] liwat pemakéan beragem rempah.<ref name="birra"/><ref name="adiakurnia">{{cite web |last=Adiakurnia |first=Muhammad Irzal |title=Bir pletok, simbol kemegaan perayaan orang Betawi |trans-title=Bir pletok, lambang gèngsi keriaan orang Betawi |lang=id |website=Kompas.com |date=2017-07-09 |url=https://travel.kompas.com/read/2017/07/09/100600527/bir.pletok.simbol.kemegaan.perayaan.orang.betawi |access-date=2024-06-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528223629/https://travel.kompas.com/read/2017/07/09/100600527/bir.pletok.simbol.kemegaan.perayaan.orang.betawi |archive-date=2023-05-28}}</ref> ==Cara ngeja== Ngeja bir pletok kudu ngrikutin barang berapa tahap, mulain deri nyiapin bahan pembikinnya, nggodognya, ampé napisnya.{{sfnp|Putra ènh.|2023|p=84}} Bakal nyiapinnya, tu bahan bikin nyang udah dapet dipili-pili dulu. Nyang kena dipili kalo rempah seger entu misti nyang kaga' busuk kaga' kipar; kalo rempah kering misti nyang kaga' encag kaga' bulukan.{{sfnp|Muliani|2017|p=229}}{{sfnp|Silalahi|Wahyuningtyas|Kalima|2023|p=337}} Ruas jahé juga' bisa dibakar dulu sebelonnya dipaké.{{sfnp|Giyatmi|2018|p=276}} Kapan tu bahan bikin udah pada siap semua, tu rempah pada dibersi'in, nyang seger ama nyang kering. Wabilkusus tu jahé, ada tukang nyang bersi'innya cuman dicuci kaga' dikelèt, biar dia punya rasa ama wangi nguarnya lebi kuat pas digodog. Bakal dapetin asil [[Penguaran (kimia)|penguaran]]<!--ekstraksi--> nyang baè' punya pas digodog, tu bahan nyang derak bisa dicacag, diparud, atawa ditotog-totogin.{{sfnp|Muliani|2017|p=229}} Jahé ama seré bisa digobèt bisa dicèpèrin, kalo rempah kering kaya' pala cukup diiris-iris aja.{{sfnp|Silalahi|Wahyuningtyas|Kalima|2023|p=338}} Mingkin kecit gobètan atawa irisannya, mingkin mantep juga' enti' godogannya.{{sfnp|Muliani|2017|p=229}} Langkah pengejaan kapan lagi nggodog beragem-ragem ngrikut si tukang bikin. Ada nyang sekali gus nyemplungin tu bahan rempah pada ke dalem aèr bakal digodog 15 menitan, terus ditapis. Ni asil tapisan pertama dikasi'in daon pandan ama pemanis bakal digodog atu kali lagi ampé mberekbek, baru ditapis lagi.{{sfnp|Giyatmi|2018|p=276}} Penggodogan dua tahap juga' dilakonin bakal ngeja bikinan turunan bir pletok kaya' [[setrup]] ama [[bubuk tinggal seduh]]<!--drink mix-->. Cumannya, tahap godogan kedua dilakonin ampé tu aèr godogan ngentel atawa madet jadi [[balur]].{{sfnp|Ishartani|Kawiji|Khasanah|2012|p=34}} Laèn resèp laèn lagi caranya; ada nyang godognya sekali doang, mulain dengen nyampurin gula ampé neneb ama aèr jahé, baru ditambahin secang, rempah-rempah, ama seré bakal diangetin di api kecit ampé barang 1 jem.{{sfnp|Sultani|Anastasia|Yuliswara|2020|p=146}} Ada juga' nyang cuman masupin secang sewayah 5 menit di ujung, abis semua-mua bahan udah tiris, biar dia punya warna mèra bisa keserep abis ama tu aèr godogan.{{sfnp|Muliani|2017|p=229}} Napis aèr godogan nyang dilakonin belakangan entu tahapan penting bakal mbuangin jat-jat kecit kaga' neneb nyang ngeja tu minuman jadi butek. Macem saringan nyang biasanya kepaké entu bangsa kaèn saringan deri [[nilon]] bakal [[sablon|nyablon]].{{sfnp|Muliani|2017|p=229}} Abisnya ditapis, tu bir pletok bisa ditanjain langsung atawa disalin ke botol-botol kaca nyang di[[mèrèk]]in.{{sfnp|Teviningrum ènh.|2016|p=57}}{{sfnp|Giyatmi|2018|p=276}} Pengolaan terusan juga' bisa dilakonin bakal ngeja bikinan turunan deri ni minuman. Selaén deri setrup ama bubuk seduh nyang udah disebutin, bir pletok juga' bisa jadi [[kentelan]]<!--konsentrat-->, [[aèr belanda]], ampé [[gula-gula]].{{sfnp|Kholishoh ènh.|2019|p=160}}{{sfnp|Giyatmi|2018|p=276}}{{sfnp|Muliani|2017|p=217, 222}} Bir pletok punya bahan pembikin juga' bisa dibuntelin keringnya bakal digodog sorangan.<ref name="Pirlo"/> ==Nanjain== {{multiple image | align = right | direction = vertical | image1 = Bir pletok (2).jpg | alt1 = Bir pletok ès dilongok deri atas | class1 = bg-transparent | image2 = Iced bir pletok 20240622 112754.jpg | alt2 = Bir pletok ès dilongok deri samping | caption2 = Bir pletok ènak ditanjain adem-adem ama batu ès }} Sanonya, ni bir pletok seringan ditanjain bakal ngangetin awak malem-malem, wabilkusus pas [[usum]] [[ujan|ujan-ujan]].{{sfnp|Muliani|2017|p=224}} Ni minuman punya rasa banyakan deri jahénya nyang nyegerin, pas banget bakal ditanjain anget-anget.{{sfnp|Putra ènh.|2023|p=84}} Cumannya, lantaran [[batu ès]] mulain jideg dipaké di Jakarta semprakan tengahan abad ke-20, ni minuman juga' kerep ditanjain dingin-dingin bakal nyegerin awak sewayah gerah.{{sfnp|Teviningrum ènh.|2016|p=57}}{{sfnp|Sultani|Anastasia|Yuliswara|2020|p=150–151}} Sebelonnya ditanjain, ni bir pletok bisa dikocok-kocok biar dia merusmus. Ngocoknya bisa dilakonin maké bungbung bangbu{{sfnp|Attas|2021|p=589}}<ref name="yuniar"/> bisa juga' belèk besi.{{sfnp|Habsari|2007|p=47}} Ditukil deri JJ Rizal, dia ada bilang kalo ni bir pletok aselinya, mah, seringan ditanjain wayah orang Betawi punya hajatan gedé-gedé, ga' kaya' [[sahi]] atawa [[gahwa]] nyang ditegokin saban pagi atawa soré ari.{{sfnp|Attas|2021|p=593}} Mao di keriaan [[sunat|nyunatin]], kè', [[kawin|ngawinin]], kè', atawa hata juga' di hajatan ngelayat, ni bir pletok ada ditanjain.<ref name="adiakurnia"/> Deri seantéro ni tiga, nyang kudu banget misti nanjain bir pletok entu kawinan, bahna ni hajatan punya gèngsi paling tinggi-tingginya. Mingkinan ngelubèr tu bir pletok, mingkin dianggep mantep tu orang Betawi punya hajatan kawinan, kaga' bédanya kaya' aèr anggur di orang Kulon punya keriaan.{{sfnp|Attas|2021|p=593}} Di Betawi punya adat kawinan, ni bir pletok juga' dianjurin bakal diminum tu pengantèn dua,{{sfnp|Hisyam|2023|p=128}} wabilkusus bakal si tuan puteri abis dia [[petangasan|tangasan]] atawa kum, serangkéan ama rawatan rias-riasan sebelon hajatan besarnya.{{sfnp|Hisyam|2023|p=112}}<ref name="putri">{{cite web |last=Putri |first=Citra Narada |title=Dilakukan oleh calon pengantin perempuan, ini perawatan kecantikan tradisional khas Betawi |trans-title=Dilakonin bakal pengantèn wadon, ni dia rawatan ngebotoin terdisionil cara Betawi |lang=id | website=Kompas.com |date=2021-08-15 |url=https://www.kompas.com/parapuan/read/532839829/dilakukan-oleh-calon-pengantin-perempuan-ini-perawatan-kecantikan-tradisional-khas-betawi |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210827142610/https://www.kompas.com/parapuan/read/532839829/dilakukan-oleh-calon-pengantin-perempuan-ini-perawatan-kecantikan-tradisional-khas-betawi |archive-date=2021-08-27 |access-date=2024-06-29}}</ref> Selaènnya di keriaan-keriaan adat, ni bir pletok juga' lajim ditanjain di tempat-tempat plesiran, kaya' misal di utekan [[Sètu Babakan]], [[Jagakarsa, Jakarta Kidul]].{{sfnp|Sultani|Anastasia|Yuliswara|2020|p=151}} Di Indonésia punya ''[[industri ramah-tamah]]''<!--hospitality industry-->, ni bir pletok juga' ada ditanjain jadi minuman penyambut<!--welcome drink--> di barang berapa [[hotèl]] atawa [[pesanggrahan]]<!--resor-->, biasanya nyang demen ngasi unjuk pusaka budaya bakal dia punya laèn deri nyang laèn.{{sfnp|Muliani|2017|p=221}} ==Ketokcèran== Ni bir pletok entu tokcèr bakal nurunin rèsiko penyakit kaga' nepa (kaya' [[kangker]]), lantaran dia punya godogan rempah nguarin jat-jat [[pènol]]<!--fenol--> antioksidan nyang bisa nggibang [[radikal bébas]] pengrusak awak.{{sfnp|Permanasari|Sari|Aslam|2021|pp=9–10}} Ditukil deri atu kajian pasal ni bir pletok punya bahan rempah nyang dilakonin {{harvcoltxt|Wibawa ènh.|2019}}, kadar kabèhan<!--total?--> pènol paling tingginya ketemu deri asil penguaran cengké, baru nyang deri kayu manis ama pala.{{sfnp|Wibawa ènh.|2019|pp=202–203}} Sedengken, {{harvcoltxt|Ishartani|Kawiji|Khasanah|2012}} nemuin kalo nambahin rempah macem kepolaga bisa naèkin tu bir pletok punya kadar pènol. Pemakéan ragem gula nyang laèn-laèn juga' nyawabin tu minuman punya kadar pènol. Dengen trap kadar rempah nyang medu, bir pletok nyang maké gula jawa ngelah kadar pènol rada gedéan ketimbang nyang maké gula pasir. Belon lagi, pemakéan gula jawa nyang dibarengin secang bisa ngeja ''efek sinergisme'' deri jat-jat antioksidan di entu bahan dua, ampé-ampé mingkin pating kecekuk dah tu radikal bébas.{{sfnp|Ishartani|Kawiji|Khasanah|2012|p=35–36}} {{harvcoltxt|Permanasari|Sari|Aslam|2021}} juga' nemuin kalo nambahin larutan gula pasir [[kentelan]]<!--konsentrat?--> 4% bisa ngeja dia nampung antioksidan paling tinggi ketimbang bir pletok nyang kaga' ada gulanya atawa nyang gulanya kentelan lagi.{{sfnp|Permanasari|Sari|Aslam|2021|pp=12–13}} Mutu, asal, serènta lama wayah penggodogan rempah bisa nyawabin sipat antioksidan deri bir pletok.{{sfnp|Wibawa ènh.|2019|pp=205}} Bir pletok nyang caèr ngelah kadar pènol rada tinggian ketimbang bir pletok nyang udah bubuk tinggal seduh, bahna cara ngangetin nyang kelamaan bisa ngeja dia punya senyawa pada rusak.{{sfnp|Ishartani|Kawiji|Khasanah|2012|p=35–36}} Ngrikutin Wibawa ènh. (2019) punya pemerdataan, lama penguaran paling mantep bakal dapetin tokcèrnya bir pletok punya rempah entu lebi kurang 30 menitan, asal maké bahan rempah nyang seger, nyang kaga' kena [[oksidasi]].{{sfnp|Wibawa ènh.|2019|pp=205}} ==Paranan== ===Tukilan=== {{reflist|30em}} ===Daptar bacaan=== {{refbegin|indent=yes|30em}} * {{cite book |last=Attas |first=Siti Gomo |date=2021 |chapter=Bir pletok sebagai minuman rempah dalam perspektif komunikasi lintas budaya |trans-chapter=Bir pletok sebagé minuman rempah dalem pendelengan ubung-ubungan laèn budaya |editor1=Novi Anoegrajekti |editor2=Sastri Sunarti |editor3=Sudartomo Macaryus |editor4=Djoko Saryono |editor5=I Nyoman Darma Putra |title=Sastra rempah |lang=id |location=Yogyakarta |publisher=[[Kanisius]] |pages=583–596 |chapter-url=https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Sastra_Rempah/5NhVEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=bir+pletok&pg=PA587&printsec=frontcover |isbn=9789792171761 }} * {{cite book |last=Chaer |first=Abdul |authorlink=Abdul Chaer |date=2015 |title=Betawi tempo doeloe: Menelusuri sejarah kebudayaan Betawi |trans-title=Betawi tempo dulu: Nyasabin sejarah kebudayaan Betawi |lang=id |location=Depok |publisher=[[Masup Jakarta]] |url=https://books.google.co.id/books/about/Betawi_tempo_doeloe.html?id=aL4UswEACAAJ&redir_esc=y |isbn=9786027200111 }} * {{cite book |last1=Dewantara |first1=Yudhiet Fajar |last2=Levyta |first2=Farah |date=2022 |title=Jelajah kuliner khas Betawi |trans-title=Jajagin madang-minum cara Betawi |lang=id |location=Yogyakarta |publisher=Bintang Semesta Media |url=https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Jelajah_Kuliner_Khas_Betawi/GVWtEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=bir+pletok&pg=PA75&printsec=frontcover |isbn=9786235361338 }} * {{cite book |last1=Gardjito |first1=Murdijati |last2=Putri |first2=Rhaesfaty Galih |last3=Dewi |first3=Swastika |date=2017 |title=Profil struktur, bumbu, dan bahan dalam kuliner Indonesia |trans-title=Tulad telampangan, bumbu, ama bahan dalem makanan Indonésia |lang=id |location=Yogyakarta |publisher=[[Universitas Gadjah Mada|Gadjah Mada University Press]] |url=https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Profil_Struktur_Bumbu_dan_Bahan_dalam_Ku/qYJqDwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22bir+pletok%22&pg=PA113&printsec=frontcover |isbn=9786023861644 }} * {{cite book |last=Giyatmi |date=2018 |editor1=Winiati P. Rahayu |editor2=Rindit Pambayun |editor3=Ardiansyah |editor4=Giyatmi |editor5=Umar Santoso |chapter=Bir pletok |title=Ensiklopedia produk pangan Indonesia |trans-title=Banda èlmu bikinan pangan Indonésia |lang=id |volume=2 |location=Bogor |publisher=[[Institut Pertanian Bogor|IPB Press]] |isbn=9786024405304 |pages=275–278 }} * {{cite book |last=Habsari |first=Rinto |date=2007 |title=Info boga Jakarta |trans-title=Penauan gegaresan Jakarta |lang=id |location=Jakarta |publisher=[[Gramedia Pustaka Utama]] |url=https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Info_boga_Jakarta/zAQMZo8POkEC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=bir+pletok&pg=PA47&printsec=frontcover |isbn=9789792228601 }} * {{cite book |last=Hisyam |first=Muhammad |date=2023 |chapter=Eksplorasi etnokimia dalam kebudayaan masyarakat suku Betawi: Serangkaian tradisi adat perkawinan suku Betawi |editor=Uji Prastya |trans-chapter=Penjajagan kimia perkauman dalem kebudayaan masarakat orang Betawi: Serèndèngan terdisi adat kawin orang Betawi |title=Etnokimia dalam budaya Nusantara |trans-title=Kimia perkauman dalem budaya Nusantara |lang=id |location=Yogyakarta |publisher=Kanisius |volume=2 |pages=105–134 |chapter-url=https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Etnokimia/U6rEEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=bir+pletok&pg=PA105&printsec=frontcover |isbn=9789792179132 }} * {{cite journal |last1=Ishartani |first1=Dwi |last2=Kawiji |last3=Khasanah |first3=Lia Umi |date=2012 |title=Produksi bir pletok kaya antioksidan |trans-title=Pembikinan bir pletok nyang kaya antioksidan |lang=id |journal=Jurnal Teknologi Hasil Pertanian |volume=5 |issue=1 |pages=32–39 |doi=10.20961/jthp.v0i0.13540 }} * {{cite journal |last1=Kholishoh |first1=Siti Nur |last2=Ulfiasari |first2=Ria |last3=Kurniawan |first3=Niko |last4=Muflihati |first4=Iffah |date=2019 |title=Karakteristik minuman bir pletok berkarbonasi dengan perbedaan komposisi jenis rimpangnya |trans-title=Ciri minuman bir pletok aèr belanda dengen laèn-laèn dia punya takeran jenis rimpang |lang=id |journal=Pasundan Food Technology Journal |volume=6 |issue=3 |pages=159–166 |doi=10.23969/pftj.v6i3.2120 |ref={{sfnRef|Kholishoh ènh.|2019}}}} * {{cite journal |last=Muliani |first=Lila |date=2017 |title=Mempromosikan bir pletok sebagai minuman khas Betawi melalui penyajian sebagai ''welcome drink'' |trans-title=Ngewara-warain bir pletok bakal jadi minuman cara Betawi dengen cara ditanjain jadi minuman selamet dateng |lang=id |journal=Majalah Ilmiah Bijak |volume=14 |issue=2 |pages=219–235 |doi=10.31334/bijak.v14i2.19 }} * {{cite book |last1=Pangastuti |first1=Hesti Ayuningtyas |last2=Permana |first2=Lasuardi |last3=Rosiana |first3=Nita Maria |last4=Tiranocyda |first4=Bara |last5=Utami |first5=Kurnia |last6=Amilia |first6=Nia |date=2021 |chapter=Bir 0% alkohol dan bir pletok, apakah halal? |title=Panganpedia: Penjelasan sains dari fenomena pangan sehari-hari |trans-title=Panganpedia: Pendantaan ilmiah bakal kewontenan pangan sari-ari |lang=id |location=Lampung Selatan |publisher=[[Institut Teknologi Sumatera|ITERA Press]] |pages=20–22 |chapter-url=https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/PANGANPEDIA_Penjelasan_Sains_dari_Fenome/SIVCEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22bir+pletok%22&pg=PA20&printsec=frontcover |isbn=9786239519957 |ref={{sfnRef|Pangastuti ènh.|2021}}}} * {{cite journal |last1=Permanasari |first1=Dyah |last2=Sari |first2=Afrinia Eka |last3=Aslam |first3=Mujahidil |date=2021 |title=Pengaruh konsentrasi gula terhadap aktivitas antioksidan pada minuman bir pletok |trans-title=Nyawab kaga'nya kentelan gula ama getepnya antioksidan di minuman bir pletok |lang=id |journal=AcTion: Aceh Nutrition Journal |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=9–14 |doi=10.30867/action.v6i1.321 }} * {{cite journal |last1=Putra |first1=Andre Yusuf Trisna |last2=Defri |first2=Ifwarisan |last3=Saputro |first3=Erwan Adi |last4=Widyastuti |first4=Retno |date=2023 |title=Potensi bir pletok sebagai minuman fungsional komersial |trans-title=Keboléan bir pletok jadi minuman bakal paké ama dagang |lang=id |journal=Agrisaintifika: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Pertanian |volume=7 |issue=1 |pages=82–91 |doi=10.32585/ags.v7i1.3784 |ref={{sfnRef|Putra ènh.|2023}}}} * {{cite book |last1=Reijst |first1=Mirjam van der |last2=Pereira |first2=Harold |date=2022 |title=Boekoe kita green: 90 vegetarische Indische familierecepten en verhalen |location=Utrecht |language=nl |trans-title=Kita punya buku ijo: 90 ramuan kuarga pégétarian Hindia serènta riwayatnya |publisher=Veen Bosch & Keuning |url=https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Boekoe_Kita_Green/VRJoEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22bir+pletok%22+%22bier%22&pg=PA86&printsec=frontcover |isbn=9789043924061 }} * {{cite journal |last1=Silalahi |first1=Marina |last2=Wahyuningtyas |first2=Riska Septia |last3=Kalima |first3=Titi |date=2023 |title=Ethnobotanical study of bir pletok as a traditional health drink for Betawi ethnic (Indonesia) |trans-title=Kajian èlmu tetumbuan perkauman bakal bir pletok sebagé minuman obat cara orang Betawi (Indonésia) |lang=en |journal=GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences |volume=24 |issue=2 |pages=335–342 |doi=10.30574/gscbps.2023.24.2.0285 }} * {{cite journal |last1=Sukaesih |last2=Nurislaminingsih |first2=Rizki |last3=Winoto |first3=Yunus |date=2022 |title=Mapping of Betawi indigenous knowledge in collections at the Setu Babakan Museum |trans-title=Metain penauan tempatan Betawi di pèjèngan Musium Sètu Babakan |lang=en |journal=Linguistics and Culture Review |volume=6 |issue=S2 |pages=368–382 |doi=10.21744/lingcure.v6nS2.2127 }} * {{cite conference |last1=Sultani |first1=Zofrano Ibrahimsyah Magribi |last2=Anastasia |first2=Mutiara Syafira |last3=Yuliswara |first3=Rizki Ridha Pratama |date=2020 |title=Cita rasa kuliner lokal bir pletok sebagai identitas budaya Betawi di Jakarta (1970–2000an) |trans-title=Cita rasa peridangan tempatan bir pletok bakal jadi kedèwèkan budaya Betawi di Jakarta (1970–2000an) |lang=id |conference=Prosiding Seminar Nasional Sejarah tanggal 15 Oktober 2019 di Aula Ki Hadjar Dewantara Lantai 7 I1 Fakultas Ilmu Sosial Universitas Negeri Malang |pages=140–161 |url=https://www.academia.edu/40936300/Cita_Rasa_Kuliner_Lokal_Bir_Pletok_sebagai_Identitas_Budaya_Betawi_di_Jakarta_1970_2000an_Pletok_Beer_Local_Culinary_Taste_as_Betawi_Cultural_Identity_in_Jakarta_1970_2000s_ }} * {{cite book |last1=Teviningrum |first1=Shinta |last2=Ayuningsih |first2=Fajar |last3=Pridia |first3=Heni |last4=Hadiati |first4=Mulya Sari |last5=Hapsari |first5=Firta |last6=Muliani |first6=Lila |last7=Savitri |first7=Berlianti |date=2016 |title=Kuliner Betawi: Selaksa rasa & cerita |trans-title=Madang-Minum Betawi: Selaksa rasa & cerita |lang=id |location=Jakarta |publisher=Gramedia Pustaka Utama |url=https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Kuliner_Betawi_Selaksa_Rasa_Cerita/HspGDwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=bir+pletok&pg=PA57&printsec=frontcover |isbn=9786020333731 |ref={{sfnRef|Teviningrum ènh.|2016}}}} * {{cite journal |last1=Wibawa |first1=Angela Irena |last2=Suttisansanee |first2=Uthaiwan |last3=Jittinandana |first3=Sitima |last4=Tangsuphoom |first4=Nattapol |date=2019 |title=Antioxidative properties of essential spices in an Indonesian non-alcoholic beverage 'bir pletok' |trans-title=Sipat antioksidan deri rempah inti bakal Indonésia punya minuman sonder alkohol 'bir pletok' |lang=en |journal=Journal of Food Science and Agricultural Technology |volume=5 |pages=200–206 |url=http://rs.mfu.ac.th/ojs/index.php/jfat/article/view/271 |ref={{sfnRef|Wibawa ènh.|2019}}}} {{refend}} {{BBB Jakarta}} {{Makalah gacoan}} [[Bangsaan:Minuman]] [[Bangsaan:Makanan Betawi]] [[Bangsaan:WikiTuPrèt 2025]] 7lupl495fdo069leiarynvhuh0qz0o0 Wikipédi:Kaca-kaca jema'ah 4 5914 34260 33914 2026-04-18T08:46:41Z ~2026-23978-09 3363 34260 wikitext text/x-wiki == Udah mao nongtot: Keboléan nganakruju'in baru – jajal dah! == <section begin="Sub-referencing"/> [[File:Sub-referencing reuse visual.png|{{#ifeq:{{#dir}}|pyf|right|left}}|400px]] Tabé. Udah taonan punya lama dah, anggota pada jideg nyang minta' cara nyang gampil bakal maké lagi tu ruju'an nyang tètèk bengèknya laèn. Wayah gini, udah ada dah penyudahannya: Keboléan anakruju'an bakal makan bakal pemermak tèks wiki ama Pemermak Delengan èn bakalan mingkin ngeja ajib tatanan ruju'an nyang udah nanggrak. Lu sih bisa aja maké cara apa baé bakal ngeruju', cumannya mah lu mentak bakalan kepapagan dah tu ama anakruju'an di makalah nyang orang laèn tulis. Pengabaran lebinya vdhtn#wnsyyfq dibaca di [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|halaman proyèk]]. '''Minta' empan baliknya dong''' bakal ngeja pasti ni keboléan semenggah bakal lu: * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Test|Gèh jajal]] nyang masing dimegarin di wiki belongkotan, ganu [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|kasi kita tau lu punya pikir]]. * [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing/Sign-up|Daptar di mari]] bakal dapet aban-aban èn/atawa undangan bakal nimbrung di kegetolan pemerdataan pemaké. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Deutschland|Wikimédia Dètslan]] punya klik [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|Penuju Tèhnis]] lagi ngangka-ngangka dah bakal ngedatengin ni keboléan ke wikinya Wikimédia entar belakangan di ni tahon. Kita bakalan sampéin dulu dah ke pengeja/pengopèn alat ama sablonannya nyang juntrungan ama ruju'an. Tulung lu kasi tau nyang laèn ya ni pesen. --[[m:User:Johannes Richter (yeu'Ui)|Johannes Richter (WMDE)]] ([[m:User talk:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|oqe]]) 10:36, 19 August 2024 (UTC) <section end="Sub-referencing"/> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Johannes Richter (WMDE)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johannes_Richter_(WMDE)/Sub-referencing/massmessage_list&oldid=27309345 --> == An improved dashboard for the Content Translation tool == <div lang="fii" dir="ltr"> {{Int:hello}} Wikipedians, Apologies as this message is not in your language, {{Int:please-translate}}. The [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization|Language and Product Localization team]] has improved the [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-edits&active-list=suggestions&from=en&to=es Content Translation dashboard] to create a consistent experience for all contributors using mobile and desktop devices. The improved translation dashboard allows all logged-in users of the tool to enjoy a consistent experience regardless of their type of device. With a harmonized experience, logged-in desktop users now have access to the capabilities shown in the image below. [[file:Content_Translation_new-dashboard.png|alt=|center|thumb|576x576px|Notice that in this screenshot, the new dashboard allows: Users to adjust suggestions with the "For you" and "...More" buttons to select general topics or community-created collections (like the example of Climate topic).  Also, users can use translation to create new articles (as before) and expand existing articles section by section. You can see how suggestions are provided in the new dashboard  in two groups ("Create new pages" and "Expand with new sections")-one for each activity.]] [[File:Content_Translation_dashboard_on_desktop.png|alt=|center|thumb|577x577px|In the current dashboard, you will notice that you can't adjust suggestions to select topics or community-created collections. Also, you can't expand on existing articles by translating new sections.]] We will implement [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation#Improved translation experience|this improvement]] on your wiki '''on Monday, March 17th, 2025''' and remove the current dashboard '''by May 2025'''. Please reach out with any questions concerning the dashboard in this thread. Thank you! On behalf of the Language and Product Localization team. </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]]</bdi> 13 Maret 2025 09.55 (WIB) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:UOzurumba_(WMF)/sandbox_CX_Unified_dashboard_announcement_list_1&oldid=28382282 --> == Sub-referencing: User testing == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Sub-referencing reuse visual.png|400px|right]] <small>''Apologies for writing in English, please help us by providing a translation below''</small> Hi I’m Johannes from [[:m:Wikimedia Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]]'s [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes|Technical Wishes team]]. We are making great strides with the new [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|sub-referencing feature]] and we’d love to invite you to take part in two activities to help us move this work further: #'''Try it out and share your feedback''' #:[[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing# Test the prototype|Please try]] the updated ''wikitext'' feature [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Sub-referencing on the beta wiki] and let us know what you think, either [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|on our talk page]] or by [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/talktotechwish booking a call] with our UX researcher. #'''Get a sneak peak and help shape the ''Visual Editor'' user designs''' #:Help us test the new design prototypes by participating in user sessions – [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/gxk0taud/apply sign up here to receive an invite]. We're especially hoping to speak with people from underrepresented and diverse groups. If that's you, please consider signing up! No prior or extensive editing experience is required. User sessions will start ''May 14th''. We plan to bring this feature to Wikimedia wikis later this year. We’ll reach out to wikis for piloting in time for deployments. Creators and maintainers of reference-related tools and templates will be contacted beforehand as well. Thank you very much for your support and encouragement so far in helping bring this feature to life! </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|Johannes Richter (WMDE)]] ([[User talk:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|talk]])</bdi> 28 April 2025 22.03 (WIB) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Johannes Richter (WMDE)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johannes_Richter_(WMDE)/Sub-referencing/massmessage_list&oldid=28628657 --> ==Proposal to enable the "Contribute" entry point in Betawi Wikipedia== {{int:Hello}} Betawi Wikipedians, Apologies as this message is not in your language. {{int:please-translate}}. The WMF Language and Product Localization team proposes to enable an entry point called "Contribute" menu in your Wikipedia. The "[[:en:Special:Contribute|Contribute]]" menu is a central place where editors can discover and access all contribution tools available in your Wikipedia. Having this entry point is inspired by collaborative efforts with product teams at the Wikimedia Foundation, grounded in our research on [[mediawikiwiki:Edit_Discovery|Edit discovery]]. This research validated the idea of a dedicated entry point, revealing it as a consistent pathway for contributors to find ways to contribute content. Enabling this entry point will help new contributors quickly discover the tools available to them, allowing them to start using the tools right away. This proposed enablement will include support for a small set of contribution tools, but the menu is designed to be extensible and more tools will be added over time. Below is important information about the "Contribute" menu. '''Who Can Access It?''' Once enabled, newcomers will automatically have access to this entry point by logging into their accounts. They can find the "Contribute" tab in the User drop-down menu, which will take them to another menu featuring a self-guided tab that outlines how they can contribute content, as shown in the image below. [[File:Mobile_Contribute_Page.png|Mobile Contribute Page]] [[File:Mobile_contribute_menu_(detailed).png|Mobile contribute menu (detailed)]] '''What else can be accessed from the "Contribute" Menu?''' In addition to the self-guided tabs that newcomers can click on to explore contribution tools, the menu will also include an option to "View contributions", allowing newcomers to see a list of their contributions so far. '''Will this replace the "Contributions" tab for experienced contributors?''' No, the "Contribute" tab on the User drop-down menu will not replace your existing "Contributions" tab. Experienced contributors will not see the "Contribute" tab in their User drop-down menu unless they choose to access it manually through <code>Special:Contribute</code>. '''Where else is this menu enabled?''' This entry point is currently available on over [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/search/query/yZCgIFsxn3AG/ 245 Wikipedias]. We have received valuable feedback from contributors to some of these Wikipedias, which has helped us enhance their discoverability. One key improvement has been to make [[phab:T369041|the entry point optional for experienced contributors]] who still prefer the default "Contributions" tab. '''Will new contributors on desktop and mobile devices have access to the Contribute menu?''' The "Contribute" menu will only be available to mobile users accessing Wikipedia through a browser at this initial stage. We will limit its exposure to mobile browser users only for now. '''Will this change the configuration of tools in our Wikipedia?''' The configuration of tools accessible through the "Contribute" menu will remain unchanged. For instance, if the Content Translation tool is restricted to specific users in your Wikipedia, it will still be inaccessible to newcomers even if they click it from the "Contribute" menu. '''Why can't I see all the available tools in the "Contribute" menu in the Wikipedias where it is currently enabled?''' As time goes on, other tools will become available in the "Contribute", both new and old ones. '''When Will It Be Enabled in Our Wiki?''' If there are no objections from your Wikipedia by '''July 18, 2025''', we plan to deploy the "Contribute" entry point. We welcome your feedback and questions regarding this proposal to enable the "Contribute" menu on Betawi Wikipedia. We look forward to your response. Thank you! [[Pemaké:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[Kongko pemaké:UOzurumba (WMF)|ngomong]]) 24 Juni 2025 10.02 (WIB) On behalf of the Language and Product Localization team. == Wikidata Item and Property labels soon displayed in Wiki Watchlist/Recent Changes == ''(Apologies for posting in English, you can help by translating into your language)'' Hello everyone, the [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects]] team is excited to announce an upcoming change in how Wikidata edit changelogs are displayed in your [[Special:Watchlist|Watchlists]] and [[Special:RecentChanges|Recent Changes]] lists. If an edit is made on Wikidata that affects a page in another Wikimedia Project, the changelog will contain some information about the nature of the edit. This can include a QID (or Q-number), a PID (or P-number) and a value (which can be text, numbers, dates, or also QID or PID’s). Confused by these terms? See the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Glossary|Wikidata:Glossary]] for further explanations. The upcoming change is scheduled for '''17.07.2025''', between '''1300 - 1500 UTC'''. The change will display the label (item name) alongside any QID or PIDs, as seen in the image below: [[File:Apr10 edit summary on Wikidata.png|An edit sum entry on Wikidata, labels display alongside their P- and Q-no.'s]] These changes will only be visible if you have Wikidata edits enabled in your User Preferences for Watchlists and Recent Changes, or have the active filter ‘Wikidata edits’ checkbox toggled on, directly on the Watchlist and Recent Changes pages. Your bot and gadget may be affected! There are thousands of bots, gadgets and user-scripts and whilst we have researched potential effects to many of them, we cannot guarantee there won’t be some that are broken or affected by this change. Further information and context about this change, including how your bot may be affected can be found on this [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|project task page]]. We welcome your questions and feedback, please write to us on this dedicated [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|Talk page]]. Thank you, - [[m:User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] on behalf of the Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects Team. [[Pemaké:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Kongko pemaké:MediaWiki message delivery|ngomong]]) 14 Juli 2025 19.45 (WIB) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)/MassMessage_Test_List&oldid=28981877 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Migration to Parsoid</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> <em>[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Product and Technology/Parsoid Read Views/Read View Announcement|Read this in another language]]</em> Hello everyone! I am glad to inform you that as the next step in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parser Unification]] project, Parsoid will soon be turned on as the default article renderer on your wiki. We are gradually increasing the number of wikis using Parsoid, with the intention of making it the default wikitext parser for MediaWiki's next long-term support release. This will make our wikis more reliable and consistent for editors, readers, and tools to use, as well as making the development of future wikitext features easier. If this disrupts your workflow, don’t worry! You can still opt out through a user preference or turn Parsoid off on the current page using the Tools submenu, as described in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration|Extension:ParserMigration]] documentation. There is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Confidence Framework|more information about our roll-out strategy]] available, including the testing done before we turn on Parsoid for a new wiki. To report bugs and issues, please look at our [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Known Issues|known issues]] documentation and if you found a new bug please create a phab ticket and tag the [[phab:project/view/5846|Content Transform Team in Phabricator]]. <section end="announcement-content" /> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[mw:User:ABreault (WMF)|Content Transform Team]]</bdi> 18 Maret 2026 05.24 (WIB) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:ABreault (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikimedia_Foundation/Product_and_Technology/Parsoid_Read_Views/2026-03-19_Wikipedias&oldid=30274835 --> 4ed564bu6o4w1jl0a1eilx41ipw1kk7 34261 34260 2026-04-18T08:47:23Z ~2026-23978-09 3363 /* Proposal to enable the "Contribute" entry point in Betawi Wikipedia */ 34261 wikitext text/x-wiki == Udah mao nongtot: Keboléan nganakruju'in baru – jajal dah! == <section begin="Sub-referencing"/> [[File:Sub-referencing reuse visual.png|{{#ifeq:{{#dir}}|pyf|right|left}}|400px]] Tabé. Udah taonan punya lama dah, anggota pada jideg nyang minta' cara nyang gampil bakal maké lagi tu ruju'an nyang tètèk bengèknya laèn. Wayah gini, udah ada dah penyudahannya: Keboléan anakruju'an bakal makan bakal pemermak tèks wiki ama Pemermak Delengan èn bakalan mingkin ngeja ajib tatanan ruju'an nyang udah nanggrak. Lu sih bisa aja maké cara apa baé bakal ngeruju', cumannya mah lu mentak bakalan kepapagan dah tu ama anakruju'an di makalah nyang orang laèn tulis. Pengabaran lebinya vdhtn#wnsyyfq dibaca di [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|halaman proyèk]]. '''Minta' empan baliknya dong''' bakal ngeja pasti ni keboléan semenggah bakal lu: * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Test|Gèh jajal]] nyang masing dimegarin di wiki belongkotan, ganu [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|kasi kita tau lu punya pikir]]. * [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing/Sign-up|Daptar di mari]] bakal dapet aban-aban èn/atawa undangan bakal nimbrung di kegetolan pemerdataan pemaké. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Deutschland|Wikimédia Dètslan]] punya klik [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|Penuju Tèhnis]] lagi ngangka-ngangka dah bakal ngedatengin ni keboléan ke wikinya Wikimédia entar belakangan di ni tahon. Kita bakalan sampéin dulu dah ke pengeja/pengopèn alat ama sablonannya nyang juntrungan ama ruju'an. Tulung lu kasi tau nyang laèn ya ni pesen. --[[m:User:Johannes Richter (yeu'Ui)|Johannes Richter (WMDE)]] ([[m:User talk:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|oqe]]) 10:36, 19 August 2024 (UTC) <section end="Sub-referencing"/> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Johannes Richter (WMDE)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johannes_Richter_(WMDE)/Sub-referencing/massmessage_list&oldid=27309345 --> == An improved dashboard for the Content Translation tool == <div lang="fii" dir="ltr"> {{Int:hello}} Wikipedians, Apologies as this message is not in your language, {{Int:please-translate}}. The [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization|Language and Product Localization team]] has improved the [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-edits&active-list=suggestions&from=en&to=es Content Translation dashboard] to create a consistent experience for all contributors using mobile and desktop devices. The improved translation dashboard allows all logged-in users of the tool to enjoy a consistent experience regardless of their type of device. With a harmonized experience, logged-in desktop users now have access to the capabilities shown in the image below. [[file:Content_Translation_new-dashboard.png|alt=|center|thumb|576x576px|Notice that in this screenshot, the new dashboard allows: Users to adjust suggestions with the "For you" and "...More" buttons to select general topics or community-created collections (like the example of Climate topic).  Also, users can use translation to create new articles (as before) and expand existing articles section by section. You can see how suggestions are provided in the new dashboard  in two groups ("Create new pages" and "Expand with new sections")-one for each activity.]] [[File:Content_Translation_dashboard_on_desktop.png|alt=|center|thumb|577x577px|In the current dashboard, you will notice that you can't adjust suggestions to select topics or community-created collections. Also, you can't expand on existing articles by translating new sections.]] We will implement [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation#Improved translation experience|this improvement]] on your wiki '''on Monday, March 17th, 2025''' and remove the current dashboard '''by May 2025'''. Please reach out with any questions concerning the dashboard in this thread. Thank you! On behalf of the Language and Product Localization team. </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]]</bdi> 13 Maret 2025 09.55 (WIB) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:UOzurumba_(WMF)/sandbox_CX_Unified_dashboard_announcement_list_1&oldid=28382282 --> == Sub-referencing: User testing == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Sub-referencing reuse visual.png|400px|right]] <small>''Apologies for writing in English, please help us by providing a translation below''</small> Hi I’m Johannes from [[:m:Wikimedia Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]]'s [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes|Technical Wishes team]]. We are making great strides with the new [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|sub-referencing feature]] and we’d love to invite you to take part in two activities to help us move this work further: #'''Try it out and share your feedback''' #:[[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing# Test the prototype|Please try]] the updated ''wikitext'' feature [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Sub-referencing on the beta wiki] and let us know what you think, either [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|on our talk page]] or by [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/talktotechwish booking a call] with our UX researcher. #'''Get a sneak peak and help shape the ''Visual Editor'' user designs''' #:Help us test the new design prototypes by participating in user sessions – [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/gxk0taud/apply sign up here to receive an invite]. We're especially hoping to speak with people from underrepresented and diverse groups. If that's you, please consider signing up! No prior or extensive editing experience is required. User sessions will start ''May 14th''. We plan to bring this feature to Wikimedia wikis later this year. We’ll reach out to wikis for piloting in time for deployments. Creators and maintainers of reference-related tools and templates will be contacted beforehand as well. Thank you very much for your support and encouragement so far in helping bring this feature to life! </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|Johannes Richter (WMDE)]] ([[User talk:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|talk]])</bdi> 28 April 2025 22.03 (WIB) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Johannes Richter (WMDE)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johannes_Richter_(WMDE)/Sub-referencing/massmessage_list&oldid=28628657 --> ==Proposal to enable the "Contribute" entry point in Betawi Wikipedia== {{idhxT:AOOEPYRO}} Betawi Wikipedians, Apologies as this message is not in your language. {{eu:please-translate}}. The WMF Language and Product Localization team proposes to enable an entry point called "Contribute" menu in your Wikipedia. The "[[:en:Special:Contribute|Contribute]]" menu is a central place where editors can discover and access all contribution tools available in your Wikipedia. Having this entry point is inspired by collaborative efforts with product teams at the Wikimedia Foundation, grounded in our research on [[mediawikiwiki:Edit_Discovery|Edit discovery]]. This research validated the idea of a dedicated entry point, revealing it as a consistent pathway for contributors to find ways to contribute content. Enabling this entry point will help new contributors quickly discover the tools available to them, allowing them to start using the tools right away. This proposed enablement will include support for a small set of contribution tools, but the menu is designed to be extensible and more tools will be added over time. Below is important information about the "Contribute" menu. '''Who Can Access It?''' Once enabled, newcomers will automatically have access to this entry point by logging into their accounts. They can find the "Contribute" tab in the User drop-down menu, which will take them to another menu featuring a self-guided tab that outlines how they can contribute content, as shown in the image below. [[File:Mobile_Contribute_Page.png|Mobile Contribute Page]] [[File:Mobile_contribute_menu_(detailed).png|Mobile contribute menu (detailed)]] '''What else can be accessed from the "Contribute" Menu?''' In addition to the self-guided tabs that newcomers can click on to explore contribution tools, the menu will also include an option to "View contributions", allowing newcomers to see a list of their contributions so far. '''Will this replace the "Contributions" tab for experienced contributors?''' No, the "Contribute" tab on the User drop-down menu will not replace your existing "Contributions" tab. Experienced contributors will not see the "Contribute" tab in their User drop-down menu unless they choose to access it manually through <code>Special:Contribute</code>. '''Where else is this menu enabled?''' This entry point is currently available on over [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/search/query/yZCgIFsxn3AG/ 245 Wikipedias]. We have received valuable feedback from contributors to some of these Wikipedias, which has helped us enhance their discoverability. One key improvement has been to make [[phab:T369041|the entry point optional for experienced contributors]] who still prefer the default "Contributions" tab. '''Will new contributors on desktop and mobile devices have access to the Contribute menu?''' The "Contribute" menu will only be available to mobile users accessing Wikipedia through a browser at this initial stage. We will limit its exposure to mobile browser users only for now. '''Will this change the configuration of tools in our Wikipedia?''' The configuration of tools accessible through the "Contribute" menu will remain unchanged. For instance, if the Content Translation tool is restricted to specific users in your Wikipedia, it will still be inaccessible to newcomers even if they click it from the "Contribute" menu. '''Why can't I see all the available tools in the "Contribute" menu in the Wikipedias where it is currently enabled?''' As time goes on, other tools will become available in the "Contribute", both new and old ones. '''When Will It Be Enabled in Our Wiki?''' If there are no objections from your Wikipedia by '''July 18, 2025''', we plan to deploy the "Contribute" entry point. We welcome your feedback and questions regarding this proposal to enable the "Contribute" menu on Betawi Wikipedia. We look forward to your response. Thank you! [[Pemaké:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[Kongko pemaké:UOzurumba (WMF)|ngomong]]) 24 Juni 2025 10.02 (WIB) On behalf of the Language and Product Localization team. == Wikidata Item and Property labels soon displayed in Wiki Watchlist/Recent Changes == ''(Apologies for posting in English, you can help by translating into your language)'' Hello everyone, the [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects]] team is excited to announce an upcoming change in how Wikidata edit changelogs are displayed in your [[Special:Watchlist|Watchlists]] and [[Special:RecentChanges|Recent Changes]] lists. If an edit is made on Wikidata that affects a page in another Wikimedia Project, the changelog will contain some information about the nature of the edit. This can include a QID (or Q-number), a PID (or P-number) and a value (which can be text, numbers, dates, or also QID or PID’s). Confused by these terms? See the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Glossary|Wikidata:Glossary]] for further explanations. The upcoming change is scheduled for '''17.07.2025''', between '''1300 - 1500 UTC'''. The change will display the label (item name) alongside any QID or PIDs, as seen in the image below: [[File:Apr10 edit summary on Wikidata.png|An edit sum entry on Wikidata, labels display alongside their P- and Q-no.'s]] These changes will only be visible if you have Wikidata edits enabled in your User Preferences for Watchlists and Recent Changes, or have the active filter ‘Wikidata edits’ checkbox toggled on, directly on the Watchlist and Recent Changes pages. Your bot and gadget may be affected! There are thousands of bots, gadgets and user-scripts and whilst we have researched potential effects to many of them, we cannot guarantee there won’t be some that are broken or affected by this change. Further information and context about this change, including how your bot may be affected can be found on this [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|project task page]]. We welcome your questions and feedback, please write to us on this dedicated [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|Talk page]]. Thank you, - [[m:User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] on behalf of the Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects Team. [[Pemaké:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Kongko pemaké:MediaWiki message delivery|ngomong]]) 14 Juli 2025 19.45 (WIB) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)/MassMessage_Test_List&oldid=28981877 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Migration to Parsoid</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> <em>[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Product and Technology/Parsoid Read Views/Read View Announcement|Read this in another language]]</em> Hello everyone! I am glad to inform you that as the next step in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parser Unification]] project, Parsoid will soon be turned on as the default article renderer on your wiki. We are gradually increasing the number of wikis using Parsoid, with the intention of making it the default wikitext parser for MediaWiki's next long-term support release. This will make our wikis more reliable and consistent for editors, readers, and tools to use, as well as making the development of future wikitext features easier. If this disrupts your workflow, don’t worry! You can still opt out through a user preference or turn Parsoid off on the current page using the Tools submenu, as described in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration|Extension:ParserMigration]] documentation. There is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Confidence Framework|more information about our roll-out strategy]] available, including the testing done before we turn on Parsoid for a new wiki. To report bugs and issues, please look at our [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Known Issues|known issues]] documentation and if you found a new bug please create a phab ticket and tag the [[phab:project/view/5846|Content Transform Team in Phabricator]]. <section end="announcement-content" /> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[mw:User:ABreault (WMF)|Content Transform Team]]</bdi> 18 Maret 2026 05.24 (WIB) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:ABreault (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikimedia_Foundation/Product_and_Technology/Parsoid_Read_Views/2026-03-19_Wikipedias&oldid=30274835 --> c55tqho4abrxigbix8azwoi0zpokr10 Kumidi puter 0 7294 34252 34250 2026-04-18T00:52:33Z Swarabakti 44 34252 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:ManègeLR1.jpg|thumb|Kumidi puter dobel di [[Prasman]]A double-decker carousel in France]] [[File:Merry go round - Tokyo Dome City Oct 15 2021.ogg|right|thumb|Kumidi puter di [[Tokyo Dome City]] di [[Jepang|Nipong]]]] '''Kumidi puter''' atawa '''kerosèl''' atawa '''korsèl''' (juga' digero '''''Carrousel''''' di [[Amrik Serèkat]], '''''Merry-go-round''''' dalem basa Inggris antèrobangsa, atawa '''''galloper''''' di [[Britani Gedé]]), nya'entu wahana iburan nyeng muter-muter terus ada tempat duduk bakal nyeng naèk<ref>Real Academia Española. [https://dle.rae.es/tiovivo «tiovivo»]. ''Diccionario de la lengua española'' (23.ª edición).</ref>. Kumidi puter entu wahana maèn-maènan nyeng keitung deri atu bunderan nyeng ada tempat bakal duduk. Ni tempat duduk sokanan bentuknya maké satwa (lajimnya kuda) nyeng dipasang di atu tiang, banyak lagi nyeng geraknya munggah-mudun bakal nironin gerakan rari. Kadang-kadang dipaké tempat duduk bentuknya kursi atawa bangku èn sesekali roman tunggangannya laèn satwa, kaya' [[kapal tersebang]] atawa [[mobil]]. Wahana kumidi puter sokanan diinclo'in ama tembang sirkus nyeng diputer muter-muter. Kata ''carousel'' asalnya deri [[basa Prasaman]] ''carrousel'' nyeng artinya "perang kecil" nyeng mbuntutin ke lomba di [[Éropa]] nyeng namanya sama èn dimulain pas abad ke-17. Tukang-tukang nginclo' di enni lomba nunggang kuda beneran èn belomba dalem macem-macem uji keterampilan naèk kuda, kaya ''ring jousting''. Ujung di entu abad, dikeja, dah, mesin ringkes di mana kuda kayu digantelin deri roda nyeng muter dipasang di tiang tenga nyeng mungkinin bakal tukang-tukang nginclo' bakal latian ''ring jousting'' sonder ngeja capé dia pada punya kuda. Ni perkakas mula-mulanya terusannya jadi lajim bakal pèsta ra'yat kuliling di Éropa terus pada abad ke-19, kesohorannya kesebar ke [[Amrik Lor]], di mana kumidi puter nyeng jadi daya tarik utama bakal pasar malem kuliling terus berapa taman iburan pertama nyeng dibangun kusus. Kebanyakan satwa nyeng ada di kumidi puter sejarah, keitung nyeng dikeja selama wayah keemasan kumidi puter deri taon 1870-an ampé taon 1930-an, dikeja deri kayu, terus diukir ama dicèt maké tangan. Kayu ukiran tangan terusannya digantiin ama citakan almunium nyeng lebi mura ama terusannya citakan ''fiberglass'' wayah abad ke-20. Banyak kumidi puter nyeng masing jalan di semua dunia ampé wayah gini, terus sokanan dipaké jadi tenger bakal semua ibur-iburan. ==Sejarah kumidi puter== ===Sejarah mulainnya kumidi puter=== Setilah "''carousel''" asalnya deri basa Prasman "''carrousel''", nyeng artinya "perang kecil". Abad ke-17, ni setilah jadi dipaké bakal lomba nunggang kuda di Éropa. Tu pemaèn pada nunggang kuda mbari nusuk cingcin maké tombak. Bakal latian ni kuasa sonder ngabisin ungkulan kuda, perkakas ringkes dikeja deri kuda kayu nyeng digantèl di roda nyeng muter nyeng digerakkin ama laèn kuda nyeng jalan muter-muter. Ni perkakas dikenal "''wooden horse''" terus dipaké bakal latian nunggang kuda ama nombak cingcin. Terusannya, ni perkakas njenggar ampé jadi maèn-maènan nyeng dikenal jadi kumidi puter. ===Tenga-tenga abad ke-19=== Pas tenga-tenga abad ke-19, ni kumidi puter mulain njenggar ampé jadi maèn-maènan nyeng rada ruwet. Maènan kumidi puter pertamnya dijenggarin maké patung satwa ama sepur nyeng dipasang di lanté ngelingker nyeng muter-muter muterin tiang sintremnya. Ni kumidi puter disebut "''dobbies''" terus digerakkin ungkulan orang ama tukang njalanin atawa kuda poni. Di [[Britani Gedé]], kumidi puter jadi bekèn di pasar-pasar ra'yat pas tenga-tenga abad ke-19. Kumidi puter pertama nyeng digerakkin ama mesin uap dikeja ama Thomas Bradshaw bangsa taon 1861 di Bolton, Britani Gedé.<ref name=":0">https://www.historyofcarousels.com/carousel-history/who-invented-carousels/</ref> ===Jaman kekonèngan (1870-1930)=== Pas wayah ujung abad ke-19 ampé mulaiannya abad ke-20 dikenal jadi "jaman kekonèngan" bakal kumidi puter, utamanya di Amrik Serèkat. Ni wayah, berapa tukang keja kumidi puter nyeng bekèn pada crang-cring-crong, kaya' Gustav Dentzel ama Charles I.D. Looff, nyeng mbawa kemampuan deri Éropa ke Amrik. Gustav Dentzel asalah deri [[Dètslan]]. Dia ngewangun atu matskepé kumidi puternya di Piladèlpi di taon 1860-an terus jadi kuncèn bakal nyohorin kumidi puter di Amrik Serèkat. Karyanya nampilin satwa-satwa nyeng dipa'at ruwet, utamanya kuda, terus kesohor lantaran seni terus rinciannya nyeng beneran ruwet. Charles I.D. Looff, tukang keja kumidi puter bekèn laènnya gè' ngewangun kumidi puter pertamanya di Coney Island, Niu Yorek, taon 1875. Karyanya nonjolin soal sirap-sirep deri kumidi puter, terus satwa-satwanya diriain ama dipernah keja ruwet. Sumbangannya jadiin patokan nyeng tinggi bakal gambaran kumidi puter terus ngukukuin tempatnya bakal taman iburan di Amrik.<ref>https://www.aaastateofplay.com/the-history-of-merry-go-rounds-and-carousels</ref> ===Jaman wayah gini=== Pas abad ke-20, tèhnolohi bakal ngeja kumidi puter mingkinan njenggar. Bahan kayu nyeng dipaké bakal patung satwa ditukar ama almunium ama serat kaca nyeng mura terus tahan lama. Mesin uap ditukar ama mesin lèstrik, nyeng ngeja kumidi puter rada gedéan terus mantepan. Cuma, kebanyakan kumidi puter nyeng jaman baheula uda longit wayah ''depresi besar'' terus cuma sedikit nyeng tahan ampé wayah gini. Wayah gini, kumidi puter sokanan dipaké bakal tenger industri taman iburan kabèhannya.<ref name=":0" /> ==Ruju'an== {{reflist}} [[Category:WikiNgèndong Enclekan Wikimédia Jakarta 2025]] gxlbgmrm4tmnma7oaj7m82i0vr7rxu6 34253 34252 2026-04-18T00:59:56Z Swarabakti 44 34253 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:ManègeLR1.jpg|thumb|Kumidi puter dobel di [[Prasman]]A double-decker carousel in France]] [[File:Merry go round - Tokyo Dome City Oct 15 2021.ogg|right|thumb|Kumidi puter di [[Tokyo Dome City]] di [[Jepang|Nipong]]]] '''Kumidi puter''' atawa '''kerosèl''' atawa '''korsèl''' (juga' digero '''''Carrousel''''' di [[Amrik Serèkat]], '''''Merry-go-round''''' dalem basa Inggris antèrobangsa, atawa '''''galloper''''' di [[Britani Gedé]]), nya'entu wahana iburan nyeng muter-muter terus ada tempat duduk bakal nyeng naèk<ref>Real Academia Española. [https://dle.rae.es/tiovivo «tiovivo»]. ''Diccionario de la lengua española'' (23.ª edición).</ref>. Kumidi puter entu wahana maèn-maènan nyeng keitung deri atu bunderan nyeng ada tempat bakal duduk. Ni tempat duduk sokanan bentuknya maké satwa (lajimnya kuda) nyeng dipasang di atu tiang, banyak lagi nyeng geraknya munggah-mudun bakal nironin gerakan rari. Kadang-kadang dipaké tempat duduk bentuknya kursi atawa bangku èn sesekali roman tunggangannya laèn satwa, kaya' [[kapal terebang]] atawa [[mobil]]. Wahana kumidi puter sokanan diinclo'in ama tembang sirkus nyeng diputer muter-muter. Kata ''carousel'' asalnya deri [[basa Prasaman]] ''carrousel'' nyeng artinya "perang kecil" nyeng mbuntutin ke lomba di [[Éropa]] nyeng namanya sama èn dimulain pas abad ke-17. Tukang-tukang nginclo' di enni lomba nunggang kuda beneran èn belomba dalem macem-macem uji keterampilan naèk kuda, kaya ''ring jousting''. Ujung di entu abad, dikeja, dah, mesin ringkes di mana kuda kayu digantelin deri roda nyeng muter dipasang di tiang tenga nyeng mungkinin bakal tukang-tukang nginclo' bakal latian ''ring jousting'' sonder ngeja capé dia pada punya kuda. Ni perkakas mula-mulanya terusannya jadi lajim bakal pèsta ra'yat kuliling di Éropa terus pada abad ke-19, kesohorannya kesebar ke [[Amrik Lor]], di mana kumidi puter nyeng jadi daya tarik utama bakal pasar malem kuliling terus berapa taman iburan pertama nyeng dibangun kusus. Kebanyakan satwa nyeng ada di kumidi puter sejarah, keitung nyeng dikeja selama wayah keemasan kumidi puter deri taon 1870-an ampé taon 1930-an, dikeja deri kayu, terus diukir ama dicèt maké tangan. Kayu ukiran tangan terusannya digantiin ama citakan almunium nyeng lebi mura ama terusannya citakan ''fiberglass'' wayah abad ke-20. Banyak kumidi puter nyeng masing jalan di semua dunia ampé wayah gini, terus sokanan dipaké jadi tenger bakal semua ibur-iburan. ==Sejarah kumidi puter== ===Sejarah mulainnya kumidi puter=== Setilah "''carousel''" asalnya deri basa Prasman "''carrousel''", nyeng artinya "perang kecil". Abad ke-17, ni setilah jadi dipaké bakal lomba nunggang kuda di Éropa. Tu pemaèn pada nunggang kuda mbari nusuk cingcin maké tombak. Bakal latian ni kuasa sonder ngabisin ungkulan kuda, perkakas ringkes dikeja deri kuda kayu nyeng digantèl di roda nyeng muter nyeng digerakkin ama laèn kuda nyeng jalan muter-muter. Ni perkakas dikenal "''wooden horse''" terus dipaké bakal latian nunggang kuda ama nombak cingcin. Terusannya, ni perkakas njenggar ampé jadi maèn-maènan nyeng dikenal jadi kumidi puter. ===Tenga-tenga abad ke-19=== Pas tenga-tenga abad ke-19, ni kumidi puter mulain njenggar ampé jadi maèn-maènan nyeng rada ruwet. Maènan kumidi puter pertamnya dijenggarin maké patung satwa ama sepur nyeng dipasang di lanté ngelingker nyeng muter-muter muterin tiang sintremnya. Ni kumidi puter disebut "''dobbies''" terus digerakkin ungkulan orang ama tukang njalanin atawa kuda poni. Di [[Britani Gedé]], kumidi puter jadi bekèn di pasar-pasar ra'yat pas tenga-tenga abad ke-19. Kumidi puter pertama nyeng digerakkin ama mesin uap dikeja ama Thomas Bradshaw bangsa taon 1861 di Bolton, Britani Gedé.<ref name=":0">https://www.historyofcarousels.com/carousel-history/who-invented-carousels/</ref> ===Jaman kekonèngan (1870-1930)=== Pas wayah ujung abad ke-19 ampé mulaiannya abad ke-20 dikenal jadi "jaman kekonèngan" bakal kumidi puter, utamanya di Amrik Serèkat. Ni wayah, berapa tukang keja kumidi puter nyeng bekèn pada crang-cring-crong, kaya' Gustav Dentzel ama Charles I.D. Looff, nyeng mbawa kemampuan deri Éropa ke Amrik. Gustav Dentzel asalah deri [[Dètslan]]. Dia ngewangun atu matskepé kumidi puternya di Piladèlpi di taon 1860-an terus jadi kuncèn bakal nyohorin kumidi puter di Amrik Serèkat. Karyanya nampilin satwa-satwa nyeng dipa'at ruwet, utamanya kuda, terus kesohor lantaran seni terus rinciannya nyeng beneran ruwet. Charles I.D. Looff, tukang keja kumidi puter bekèn laènnya gè' ngewangun kumidi puter pertamanya di Coney Island, Niu Yorek, taon 1875. Karyanya nonjolin soal sirap-sirep deri kumidi puter, terus satwa-satwanya diriain ama dipernah keja ruwet. Sumbangannya jadiin patokan nyeng tinggi bakal gambaran kumidi puter terus ngukukuin tempatnya bakal taman iburan di Amrik.<ref>https://www.aaastateofplay.com/the-history-of-merry-go-rounds-and-carousels</ref> ===Jaman wayah gini=== Pas abad ke-20, tèhnolohi bakal ngeja kumidi puter mingkinan njenggar. Bahan kayu nyeng dipaké bakal patung satwa ditukar ama almunium ama serat kaca nyeng mura terus tahan lama. Mesin uap ditukar ama mesin lèstrik, nyeng ngeja kumidi puter rada gedéan terus mantepan. Cuma, kebanyakan kumidi puter nyeng jaman baheula uda longit wayah ''depresi besar'' terus cuma sedikit nyeng tahan ampé wayah gini. Wayah gini, kumidi puter sokanan dipaké bakal tenger industri taman iburan kabèhannya.<ref name=":0" /> ==Ruju'an== {{reflist}} [[Category:WikiNgèndong Enclekan Wikimédia Jakarta 2025]] i4pw9t1mfbqg9j72vtgh6t51fq6wclm Sablonan:Makalah gacoan pampangan 10 8001 34256 2026-04-18T01:06:45Z Swarabakti 44 Ngeja halaman dengen "{{#switch:{{#expr:{{#time:z}} mod 2}} | 0 = {{Wikipédi:Makalah gacoan/Bir pletok}} | 1 = {{Wikipédi:Makalah gacoan/Si Tjonat}}" 34256 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#switch:{{#expr:{{#time:z}} mod 2}} | 0 = {{Wikipédi:Makalah gacoan/Bir pletok}} | 1 = {{Wikipédi:Makalah gacoan/Si Tjonat}} d5oon2u3edfwtcytgkq2rxx4szic7i0 34257 34256 2026-04-18T01:07:03Z Swarabakti 44 34257 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#switch:{{#expr:{{#time:z}} mod 2}} | 0 = {{Wikipédi:Makalah gacoan/Bir pletok}} | 1 = {{Wikipédi:Makalah gacoan/Si Tjonat}} }} cjgkabs3m668znl1td0h1eijb4hy4xm Kegancangan cahaya 0 8002 34262 2026-04-18T11:13:14Z ~2026-23656-73 3365 Ngeja halaman dengen "{{Pasal|Kegancangan cahaya|gelep|bola Naga}}[[Image:Lightning3.jpg{{!}}link=|jmpl|[[Petir]] atu conto kegancangan [[cahaya]] nyang bole diukur ama [[Mata orang|mata]].]] '''Kegancangan cahaya''', atau [[basa Dètslan]]: '''''Lichtgeschwindigkeit''''', di [[Hampa udara|ruang hampa udara]], umumnye dilambangkan <math>c,\, c_0</math><ref>"The origins of the letter c being used for the speed of light can be traced back to a paper of 1856 by Weber and Kohlrausch [...] Webe..." 34262 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Pasal|Kegancangan cahaya|gelep|bola Naga}}[[Image:Lightning3.jpg{{!}}link=|jmpl|[[Petir]] atu conto kegancangan [[cahaya]] nyang bole diukur ama [[Mata orang|mata]].]] '''Kegancangan cahaya''', atau [[basa Dètslan]]: '''''Lichtgeschwindigkeit''''', di [[Hampa udara|ruang hampa udara]], umumnye dilambangkan <math>c,\, c_0</math><ref>"The origins of the letter c being used for the speed of light can be traced back to a paper of 1856 by Weber and Kohlrausch [...] Weber apparently meant c to stand for 'constant' in his force law, but there is evidence that physicists such as Lorentz and Einstein were accustomed to a common convention that c could be used as a variable for velocity. This usage can be traced back to the classic Latin texts in which c stood for 'celeritas', meaning 'speed'."</ref> nya'entu nilai tetep buat pondasi deri [[alam]]. Nilai eksaknye didefinisikan sabagai {{Convert|299792458|m/s|e9km/h e6kn Mach au/s|abbr=off|sigfig=3|disp=x| (kira-kira }}). Ni angka pasti kerena, ude di kuminikasi èn sapakat ame dunia internasional, [[Meter|meteran]] didefinisikan sabagai panjang jalan nyéng diliwati ame cahaya di ruang hampa salame selang waktu deri <sup>1</sup>/<sub>299 792 458</sub> [[Sekon|detik]]. {{stub}} [[Bangsaan:Kegancangan]] [[Bangsaan:Cahaya]] [[Bangsaan:Gelep]] [[Bangsaan:Ruang angkasa]] fdfw26xslkuf1x5zvnb1yswshhsadg2