Википеэди

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[[Файл:Russian Wikipedia Main Page 1 June 2012.png|250px|right|thumb|Ород Википеэди&lt;ref&gt;ru.wikipedia.org Ород Википеэди&lt;/ref&gt;]]
[[Файл:English_Wikipedia_screenshot.png|250px|right|thumb|Англи Википеди&lt;ref&gt;en.wikipedia.org [[Англи Википеэди]]&lt;/ref&gt;]]
'''Википеэди''' ({{lang-en|Wikipedia}}) — [[нэбтэрхы толи]] бэшэгынь сүлөөтэ контенттай, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike лицензитэй бидэнэй һайн дүрын оролсоотойгоор баяшадаг нэбтэрхэй толи юм. Вэб сайт — http://www.wikipedia.org/.

Хэнээшье оролсожо энэ сайт баяшуулжа болохо, хамагай баялиг, олон хэлэн дээрэхи нэбтэрхэй толиин түсэл, нэбтэрхэй толи. Тухайн мэдээллые өөршэлхэ, баяшуулха боломжо хүн бүридэ нээлтэтэй байдаг. Энэнь өөрын мэдэлээ бусадтай хубаалсаха үргэн боломжые хүн бүхэндэ олгожо байха юм.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news
 |url         = http://www.time.com/time/business/article/0,8599,1595184,00.html
 |title       = Look Who's Using Wikipedia
 |first       = Bill
 |last        = Tancer
 |date        = 2007-05-01
 |publisher   = [[Time (magazine)|Time]]
 |accessdate  = 2007-12-01
 |quote       = The sheer volume of content [...] is partly responsible for the site's dominance as an online reference. When compared to the top 3,200 educational reference sites in the U.S., Wikipedia is #1, capturing 24.3% of all visits to the category
 |archivedate = 2012-08-03
 |archiveurl  = https://web.archive.org/web/20120803185245/http://www.time.com/time/business/article/0,8599,1595184,00.html
}}
([http://weblogs.hitwise.com/bill-tancer/2007/03/wikipedia_search_and_school_ho.html the author’s blog post on the article])&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;go-to site&quot;&gt;
{{cite news
| url        = http://www.reuters.com/article/internetNews/idUSN0819429120070708
| title      = Wikipedia remains go-to site for online news
| date       = 2007-07-08
| accessdate = 2007-12-16
| first      = Alex
| last       = Woodson
| publisher  = [[Reuters]]
| quote      = Online encyclopedia Wikipedia has added about 20 million unique monthly visitors in the past year, making it the top online news and information destination, according to Nielsen//NetRatings
}}
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 |title       = Top 500
 |accessdate  = 2007-12-04
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== Түүхэ ==
Википеэди түсэлэг [[2001]] оной [[1 һарын 15]]-һаа [[Джимми Уэйлс]] «Сүлөөтэ&lt;ref name=autogenerated1&gt;Некоторые разделы также содержат несвободные материалы.&lt;/ref&gt; нэбтэрхэй толи» нэрэ доро хэрэгжүүлжэ эхилһэн байна.

Википеэди нэбтэрхэй толи бэшэгынь [[GNU FDL|ГНУ cүлөөтэ баримта бэшэгэй лицеэнзитэй]], энэнь [[Wikipedia:free-content|сүлөөтэ агуулгатай]] бидэнэй һайн дүрын оролсоотойгоор баяжаха нэбтэрхэй толи юм.&lt;ref name=&quot;AlexaStats&quot;&gt;{{cite web
 |url         = http://www.alexa.com/data/details/traffic_details/wikipedia.org?range=5y&amp;size=large&amp;y=t
 |title       = Five-year traffic statistics for wikipedia.org
 |publisher   = [[Alexa Internet]]
 |accessdate  = 2008-07-15
 |archiveurl  = https://web.archive.org/web/20220124042758/https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org?range=5y
 |archivedate = 2022-01-24
}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Хэлэнүүд ==
2011 оной 1 һарын 8-ны байдалаар ниитэдээ [[Special:SiteMatrix|285 хэлэнэй]] Википеэдидэ [[meta:List of Wikipedias#Grand Total|17,607,990 үгүүлэл]] байгааһаа&lt;ref name=&quot;meta&quot;&gt;[http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias List of Wikipedias]&lt;/ref&gt;, 3 сая 500 мянга гаран эгээн түрүүшын Википеэди болохо [[англи хэлэн|англи хэлэт]]эй [[:en:Main page|Википеэдидэ]], 1 сая гаран [[герман хэлэн|герман хэлэт]]эй [[:de:Wikipedia:Hauptseite|википеэдидэ]], 1 сая гаран [[франци хэлэн|франци хэлэт]]эй [[:fr:Wikip%C3%A9dia:Accueil_principal|Википеэдидэ]] агуулагдажа байна. Энэ түсэл анха [[англи хэлэн|англи хэлээр]] 2001 оной 1 һараһаа эхилһэн болоод одоо 1.5 сая гаран үгэ хэлэлгын тайлбариие агуулжа байна.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Statistics Wikipedia statistics]&lt;/ref&gt; [[Халха-Монгол хэлэн]] дээрэхи хубилбари 2004 оной 2 һарада эхилһэн. [[Буряад хэлэн]] дээрэхи хубилбари 2006 оной 2 һарада эхилһэн. [[{{CURRENTYEAR}}]] оной [[{{CURRENTMONTH}}]]-р hарын {{CURRENTDAY}} [[Special:Statistics|{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}]] [[Буряад хэлэн]]эй үгүүллүүд.

Мүнөөгэй байдалаар хамагай түрүүндэ хэрэгтэй байгаа зүйлнүүд. Нюур хуудаһан болон систеэмын хэлэлгэнүүдые [[Буряад хэлэн]] рүү оршуулха үйлэ ябасад хубита нэмэриеэ оруулаарайгты.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news
 |url         = http://www10.nytimes.com/2007/07/01/magazine/01WIKIPEDIA-t.html?_r=5&amp;pagewanted=print&amp;oref=slogin&amp;oref=slogin&amp;oref=slogin&amp;oref=slogin
 |title       = All the News That's Fit to Print Out
 |author      = Jonathan Dee
 |publisher   = The New York Times Magazine
 |date        = 2007-07-01
 |accessdate  = 2007-12-01
 |archivedate = 2018-08-21
 |archiveurl  = https://web.archive.org/web/20180821133657/http://www10.nytimes.com/2007/07/01/magazine/01WIKIPEDIA-t.html?_r=5&amp;pagewanted=print&amp;oref=slogin&amp;oref=slogin&amp;oref=slogin&amp;oref=slogin
}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal
 |author     = Andrew Lih
 |title      = Wikipedia as Participatory Journalism: Reliable Sources? Metrics for evaluating collaborative media as a news resource
 |journal    = 5th International Symposium on Online Journalism
 |location   = University of Texas at Austin
 |date       = 2004-04-16
 |url        = http://jmsc.hku.hk/faculty/alih/publications/utaustin-2004-wikipedia-rc2.pdf
 |format     = PDF
 |accessdate = 2007-10-13
}} {{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://jmsc.hku.hk/faculty/alih/publications/utaustin-2004-wikipedia-rc2.pdf |accessdate=2012-11-26 |archivedate=2007-10-29 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071029051749/http://jmsc.hku.hk/faculty/alih/publications/utaustin-2004-wikipedia-rc2.pdf }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== 500 000-һаа олон үгүүлэлтэй ===
500 000-һаа олон үгүүлэлтэй википеэдиууд энэ Англи, Германи, Испани, Франци, Итали, Нидерланд, Япон, Польшо, Португали, Ород, Вьетнам ба Хитад хэлэнүүд.&lt;ref&gt;[http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9 Википеэди: Список Википедий]&lt;/ref&gt;

=== 100 000-һаа олон үгүүлэлтэй ===
100 000-һаа олон үгүүлэлтэй Википеэдинууд — Араб, Индонез, Чех, Дат, Эсперанто, Солонгос, Венгр, Букмол, Ром, Словак, Серб, Фин, Турк ба Украин хэлэнүүд дээрэ бэшэгдэнхэй.&lt;ref&gt;[http://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9:%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%BB%D3%B1%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%88%D1%82 Википедий-влакын лӱмерышт]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Нэрэ ==
Википедеэди (Wikipedia) гэһэн үгэ гээшэ «'''Wiki'''» — [[Хавай хэлэн|Һаваии хэлэн]]һээ «хурдан», «Encyclo'''pedia'''» — [[Аангли хэлэн|Англи хэлэн]]һээ «[[нэбтэрхэй толи|нэбтэрхы толи]]» гэһэн үгэнһөө бүтэһэн шэнэ ниилэмэл үгэ юм.

== Буряад Википеэди ==
{{main|Буряад Википеэди}}

[[Буряад хэлэн]] дээрэхи хубилбари 2006 оной 2 һарада эхилһэн. Мүнөөгэй байдалаар хамагай түрүүндэ хэрэгтэй байгаа зүйлнүүд. Нюур хуудаһан болон систеэмын хэлэлгэнүүдые [[Буряад хэлэн]] рүү оршуулха үйлэ ябасад хубита нэмэриеэ оруулаарайгты. Үүнэй тулада доорохи холбооһонууд дээрэ даража ороод, [[Өөршэлхэ]] гэһэн хэһэг дээрэ дарагты. Энэ хадаа [[Буряад хэлэн|буряад]] Википеэди. Буряадаар бэшэжэ шадаха хүн бүхэн тус нэбтэрхэй толиие зохёолсохо аргатай.

== Зурагай сомоо ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
Mongolian wikipedia preview.png|Хуушан монгол Википеэди
German Wikipedia screenshot.png|[[Гермаан Википеэди]]&lt;ref&gt;de.wikipedia.org Гермаан Википеэди&lt;/ref&gt;
French Wikipedia screenshot.png|[[Франц Википеэди]]&lt;ref&gt;fr.wikipedia.org Франц Википеэди&lt;/ref&gt;
WikipediaNL-20150905.png|[[Нидерланд Википеэди]]&lt;ref&gt;nl.wikipedia.org Франц Википеэди&lt;/ref&gt;
Italian-wikipedia-screenshot.png|[[Итал Википеэди]]&lt;ref&gt;it.wikipedia.org Итал Википеэди&lt;/ref&gt;
Spanish Wikipedia.png|[[Испан Википеэди]]&lt;ref&gt;es.wikipedia.org Испан Википеэди&lt;/ref&gt;
Polish Wikipedia Main Page - 2007-04-24.png|[[Польска Википеэди]]&lt;ref&gt;pl.wikipedia.org Польска Википеэди&lt;/ref&gt;
Current Japanese Wikipedia main page.png|[[Жибээн Википеэди]]&lt;ref&gt;ja.wikipedia.org [[Жибээн Википеэди]]&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Зүүлтэ ==
{{зүүлтэ}}

== Холбооһон ==

* [http://www.wikipedia.org/ Wikipedia] — multilingual portal (contains links to all language editions of the project)
* [http://mobile.wikipedia.org/ Wikipedia mobile phone portal] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110829015926/http://mobile.wikipedia.org/ |date=2011-08-29 }}
* [[tools:~johang/wikitrends/english-most-visited-today.html|Wikitrends: most visited Wikipedia articles]]
* [http://topics.nytimes.com/top/news/business/companies/wikipedia/index.html Wikipedia] topic page at ''[[The New York Times]]''
* [http://www.ted.com/index.php/talks/jimmy_wales_on_the_birth_of_wikipedia.html Video of TED Talk by Jimmy Wales on the birth of Wikipedia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091201111459/http://www.ted.com/index.php/talks/jimmy_wales_on_the_birth_of_wikipedia.html |date=2009-12-01 }}
* [http://www.econtalk.org/archives/2009/03/wales_on_wikipe.html Audio of interview with Jimmy Wales about Wikipedia in general] on the [[EconTalk]] podcast
* [http://www.stanford.edu/class/ee380/Abstracts/020116.html Wikipedia and why it matters] — Larry Sanger’s 2002 talk at [[Stanford University]]. [http://stanford-online.stanford.edu/courses/ee380/020116-ee380-100.asx video archive] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121221140312/http://stanford-online.stanford.edu/courses/ee380/020116-ee380-100.asx |date=2012-12-21 }} and [[meta:Wikipedia and why it matters|transcript of the talk]]
* [http://wikipapers.referata.com WikiPapers] — compilation of conference papers, journal articles, theses, books, datasets and tools about Wikipedia and wikis
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    <title>Израиль</title>
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| common_name            = Израиль
| image_flag             = Flag of Israel.svg
| flag_type              = [[Израиль уласай туг|Түрын туг]]
| image_coat             = Emblem of Israel.svg
| symbol_type            = [[Израиль уласай һүлдэ|Һүлдэ]]
| national_anthem        = ''[[Һатиква]]''&lt;br&gt;(&lt;small&gt;[[Буряад хэлэн|бур.]]&lt;/small&gt; &quot;Найдабари; Этигэл&quot;) [[File:Hatikvah instrumental.ogg|center]]
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| image_map2             = Israel - Location Map (2012) - ISR - UNOCHA.svg
| map_caption2           = 1949 оной хилэ ([[Ногоон шугам (Израиль)|Ногоон шугам]])
| capital                = [[Иерусалим]] &lt;br /&gt;([[Иерусалимай Статус|хизаарлагданги &lt;/br&gt;тоолго]])&lt;!-- DO NOT put this into a note, &quot;(limited recognition)&quot; is the parenthetical comment used per last RfC (see RfC link in the talk page's FAQ) --&gt;{{refn|group=fn|Recognition by other UN member states: [[Australia]] ([[West Jerusalem]]),&lt;ref name=&quot;ausj&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-australia-46576716 |title=Australia recognises West Jerusalem as Israeli capital |work=[[BBC News]]|date=15 December 2018 |access-date= 14 August 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Russia]] ([[West Jerusalem]]),&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Foreign Ministry statement regarding Palestinian-Israeli settlement |url=http://www.mid.ru/en/foreign_policy/news/-/asset_publisher/cKNonkJE02Bw/content/id/2717182 |website=www.mid.ru |date=6 April 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; the [[Czech Republic]] ([[West Jerusalem]]),&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.jpost.com/Breaking-News/Czech-Republic-announces-it-recognizes-West-Jerusalem-as-Israels-capital-517241|title=Czech Republic announces it recognizes West Jerusalem as Israel's capital|newspaper=Jerusalem Post|date=6 December 2017|access-date=6 December 2017|quote=&quot;The Czech Republic currently, before the peace between Israel and Palestine is signed, recognizes Jerusalem to be in fact the capital of Israel in the borders of the demarcation line from 1967.&quot; The Ministry also said that it would only consider relocating its embassy based on &quot;results of negotiations.&quot;}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Honduras]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Honduras recognizes Jerusalem as Israel's capital |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/honduras-recognizes-jerusalem-as-israels-capital/ |work=The Times of Israel |date=29 August 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Guatemala]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.infobae.com/america/mundo/2017/12/24/guatemala-se-suma-a-eeuu-y-tambien-trasladara-su-embajada-en-israel-a-jerusalen/|title=Guatemala se suma a EEUU y también trasladará su embajada en Israel a Jerusalén|trans-title=Guatemala joins US, will also move embassy to Jerusalem|website=Infobae|date=24 December 2017|language=es}} Guatemala's embassy was located in Jerusalem until the 1980s, when it was moved to Tel Aviv.&lt;/ref&gt; [[Nauru]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Nauru recognizes J'lem as capital of Israel |url=http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/268084 |work=Israel National News |date=29 August 2019 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; and the [[United States]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/06/world/middleeast/trump-jerusalem-israel-capital.html|title=Trump Recognizes Jerusalem as Israel's Capital and Orders U.S. Embassy to Move|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=6 December 2017|access-date=6 December 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; In September 2020 it was reported that Serbia would be moving its embassy from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem.&lt;ref name=&quot;Frot Sep 2020&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |last=Frot |first=Mathilde |date=4 September 2020 |title=Kosovo to normalise relations with Israel |work=[[The Jewish Chronicle]] |url=https://www.thejc.com/news/israel/kosovo-to-normalise-relations-with-israel-1.506254 |access-date=4 September 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=4 September 2020 |title=Kosovo and Serbia hand Israel diplomatic boon after US-brokered deal |work=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/sep/04/kosovo-and-serbia-hand-israel-diplomatic-boon-after-us-brokered-deal |access-date=4 September 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; }}{{refn|group=fn|Jerusalem is Israel's largest city if including [[East Jerusalem]], which is widely recognized as occupied territory.&lt;ref&gt;{{citation|title=The Legal Status of East Jerusalem|publisher=[[Norwegian Refugee Council]]|date=December 2013|url=https://www.nrc.no/globalassets/pdf/reports/the-legal-status-of-east-jerusalem.pdf|pages=8, 29}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
| coordinates            = {{coord|31|47|N|35|13|E|region:IL-JM_type:city(880000)}}
| largest_city           = capital
| official_languages     = [[Мүнөөнэй Иврит|Иврит]]
| languages_type         = Тоогдоһон &lt;/br&gt;хэлэнүүд
| languages              = [[Стандарт араб хэл|Араб]]{{refn|group=fn|Arabic previously had been an official language of the State of Israel.&lt;ref name=lang1&gt;{{cite web |title=Arabic in Israel: an official language and a cultural bridge |url=http://mfa.gov.il/MFA/IsraelExperience/Culture/Pages/Arabic-in-Israel--an-official-language-and-a-cultural-bridge-18-December-2016.aspx |website=Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs |date=18 December 2016|access-date=8 August 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 2018 [[Basic Law: Israel as the Nation-State of the Jewish People|its classification]] was changed to a 'special status in the state' with its use by state institutions to be set in law.&lt;ref name=lang2&gt;{{cite news |title=Israel Passes 'National Home' Law, Drawing Ire of Arabs |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/18/world/middleeast/israel-passes-national-home-law.html |work=The New York Times |date=19 July 2018 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=lang3&gt;{{cite news |last1=Lubell |first1=Maayan |title=Israel adopts divisive Jewish nation-state law |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-israel-politics-law/israel-adopts-divisive-jewish-nation-state-law-idUSKBN1K901V |work=Reuters |date=19 July 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=lang4&gt;{{cite web |title=Press Releases from the Knesset |url=https://knesset.gov.il/spokesman/eng/PR_eng.asp?PRID=13978 |website=Knesset website |date=19 July 2018 |quote=The Arabic language has a special status in the state; Regulating the use of Arabic in state institutions or by them will be set in law.}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
| ethnic_groups          = 74.2% [[Израилиин Еврейшүүд|Еврей]] &lt;/br&gt;20.9% [[Израилиин Араб эрхэт|Араб]] &lt;/br&gt;4.8% [[Израилиин Хүн Зон|бусад]]&lt;ref name=&quot;population_stat2019&quot;/&gt;
| ethnic_groups_year     = 2019
| religion               = 74.2% [[Иудаизм]] &lt;/br&gt;17.8% [[Лалын шажан|Ислам]] &lt;/br&gt;2.0% [[Христосой шажан|Христ]] &lt;/br&gt;1.6% [[Израилиин Друзе|Друзе]] &lt;/br&gt;4.4% [[Израиль дахи Шажан|бусад]]&lt;ref name=&quot;population_stat2019&quot;/&gt;
| religion_year          = 2019
| demonym                = [[Израилшууд]]
| government_type        = [[Нэгэдэмэл улас|Нэгэдэмэл]] &lt;/br&gt;[[Парламентын бүгэдэ найрамдаха улас|парламентын &lt;/br&gt;бүгэдэ найрамдаха &lt;/br&gt;улас]]
| leader_title1          = [[Израиль Уласай Юрэнхылэгшэ|Юрэнхылэгшэ]]
| leader_name1           = [[Ицхак Һерцог]]
| leader_title2          = [[Израиль Уласай Юрэнхы Сайд|Юрэнхы сайд]]
| leader_name2           = [[Нафтали Бенет]]
| leader_title3          = [[Израиль Уласай Орлогшо Юрэнхы Сайд|Орлогшо &lt;/br&gt;Юрэнхы сайд]]
| leader_name3           = [[Яир Лапид]]
| leader_title4          = [[Кнессетэй даргын жагсаалта|Кнессетиин Дарга]]
| leader_name4           = [[Мики Леви]]
| leader_title5          = [[Израиль Уласай Дээдэ Сүүд|Гол судья]]
| leader_name5           = [[Эстер Хают]]
| legislature            = [[Кнессет]]
| sovereignty_type       = [[Израилиин Түүхэ|Түүхэ]]
| established_event1     = [[Израилиин Тусгаар Тогтонолой Тунхаглал|Тунхаглал]] 
| established_date1      = 5 hарын 14, 1948
| established_event2     = [[НҮБ]]-ай &lt;/br&gt;[[Израиль ба НҮБ|гэшүүн болоhон]] 
| established_date2      = 5 hарын 11, 1948
| established_event3     = [[Израилиин Үндэhэн Хуулинууд|Үндэhэн &lt;/br&gt;Хуулинууд]]
| established_date3      = 1958–2018
| area_km2               = 20,770–&lt;/br&gt;22,072
| area_sq_mi             = 8,019–8,522
| area_rank              = 149
| area_footnote          = {{ref label|area|a}}
| percent_water          = 2.71 (2015)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Surface water and surface water change|access-date=11 October 2020|publisher=Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) |url=https://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=SURFACE_WATER#}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_estimate    = 9,472,220&lt;ref name=&quot;cbs_main&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.cbs.gov.il/reader/cw_usr_view_Folder?ID=141 |title=Home page |publisher=Israel Central Bureau of Statistics |access-date=20 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_estimate_year = {{CURRENTYEAR}}
| population_estimate_rank = 99
| population_census      = 7,412,200&lt;ref&gt;{{cite report |date=2008 |title=Population Census 2008 |url=http://www.cbs.gov.il/www/mifkad/mifkad_2008/profiles/rep_e_000000.pdf |publisher=Israel Central Bureau of Statistics |access-date=27 December 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_census_year = 2008
| population_density_km2 = 424
| population_density_rank = 35
| GDP_PPP                = {{increase}} $372.314 ехэ наяд&lt;/br&gt;{{refn|group=fn|name=oecd|Israeli population and economic data covers the economic territory of Israel, including the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements in the West Bank.{{sfn|OECD|2011}}&lt;ref&gt;[http://mas.ps/files/server/20141911093442-1.pdf ''Quarterly Economic and Social Monitor''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211009161737/http://mas.ps/files/server/20141911093442-1.pdf |date=2021-10-09 }}, Volume 26, October 2011, p. 57: &quot;When Israel bid in March 2010 for membership in the 'Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development'... some members questioned the accuracy of Israeli statistics, as the Israeli figures (relating to gross domestic product, spending and number of the population) cover geographical areas that the Organization does not recognize as part of the Israeli territory. These areas include East Jerusalem, Israeli settlements in the West Bank and the Golan Heights.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;}}
| GDP_PPP_rank           = 51
| GDP_PPP_year           = 2020&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEOIL&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2017&amp;ey=2024&amp;scsm=1&amp;ssd=1&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1&amp;pr1.x=51&amp;pr1.y=11&amp;c=436&amp;s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC&amp;grp=0&amp;a= |title=World Economic Outlook Database, October 2019 |website=[[International Monetary Fund]] |access-date=23 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| GDP_PPP_per_capita = {{increase}} $40,336
| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 34
| GDP_nominal            = {{increase}} $410.501 ехэ наяд&lt;/br&gt;&lt;ref name=oecd group=fn/&gt;
| GDP_nominal_rank       = 31
| GDP_nominal_year       = 2020&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEOIL&quot;/&gt;
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{increase}} $44,474&lt;ref name=oecd group=fn/&gt;
| GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 19
| Gini                   = 34.8
| Gini_ref               = &lt;ref name=oecd group=fn/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://data.oecd.org/chart/60V4 |title=Income inequality |website=data.oecd.org |publisher=OECD |access-date=29 June 2020 |accessdate=25 May 2021 |archivedate=30 June 2020 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200630002540/https://data.oecd.org/chart/60V4 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| Gini_rank              = 48
| Gini_year              = 2018
| HDI_year               = 2019&lt;!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--&gt;
| HDI                    = 0.919
| HDI_change             = increase&lt;!--increase/decrease/steady--&gt;
| HDI_rank               = 19
| HDI_ref = &lt;ref name=&quot;HDI&quot;&gt;{{cite book|title=Human Development Report 2020 The Next Frontier: Human Development and the Anthropocene|date=15 December 2020|publisher=United Nations Development Programme|isbn=978-92-1-126442-5|pages=343–346|url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2020.pdf|access-date=16 December 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| currency               = [[Израилиин шэнэ шекель|Шэнэ шекель]] ({{lang|he|₪}})&lt;/br&gt;
| currency_code          = ILS
| time_zone              = [[Израилиин Стандарт Саг|IST]]
| utc_offset             = +2
| time_zone_DST          = [[Израилиин Зунай Саг|IDT]]
| utc_offset_DST         = +3
| date_format            = {{lang|he|יי-חח-שששש}} ([[Anno Mundi|AM]]) &lt;/br&gt;үү-һһ-жжжж ([[Манай Эрин|МЭ]])
| drives_on              = баруун
| cctld                  = [[.il]]
| iso3166code            = IL
| calling_code           = +972
| footnote_a = 
| today = 
}}

'''Израиль''' ([[Иврит|Иврит:]] יִשְרָאֵל‎, ''Yīsrāʾēl''; [[Араб хэлэн|Араб:]] إِسْرَائِيل‎, ''ʾIsrāʾīl''), албан ёһоор '''Израиль улас''' (מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל, ''Medīnat Yīsrāʾēl''; دَوْلَة إِسْرَائِيل, ''Dawlat ʾIsrāʾīl'') — [[Газар дундада тэнгис]]эй зүүн эрье дээрэ оршохо баруун [[Ази]]ин орон юм. Хойто талаараа [[Ливан]], зүүн хойто талаараа [[Сири]], зүүн талаараа [[Йордан]], баруун урда талаараа [[Египет]] оронуудтай хилэлдэг болон өөрын харисангы бага нютагиинь газар зүйн хубида өөр өөр тусхай онсолигтой. [[Баруун эрье]] болон [[Газын хэлтэс]]шье мүн зэргэлдээ оршоно. Израилиин хүн зон ехэнхи хубинь [[Еврей үндэһэтэн]] болон үүгээрээ дэлхэйн сорын ганса Еврей орон юм. Еврейшуудһээ гадна [[Араб]]ай [[Лалын шажан]]тад, [[Христосой шажан]]тад, Друзе, Самари зэрэг үндэһэтэн, шажантанууд оршодог.

Мүнөөнэй Израиль улас гурбан мянга гарамгай жэлэй турша [[Иудын шажан]]ай хамагай шухала ухагдахуунуудай нэгэ &quot;Израилиин нютаг&quot; (Eretz Yisrael)-һаа үндэһэтэй юм. [[Дэлхэйн нэгэдүгээр дайн]]ай дараа [[Үндэһэтэнүүдэй Лигэ]]нь &quot;Еврей үндэһэтэндэ өөһэдын гэһэн орон&quot; бүтээхэ зорилгоор [[Британиин эзэнтэ гүрэн|Британиин]] [[Палестина|Палестинэдэхи]] мандатые баталба. 1947 ондо [[НҮБ]] Палестинын мандатые Еврей, Араб хоёр уласта хубаахые баталһан байна. [[Арабай Барилдалга]]нь энэ түлэблэлгые эсэргүүсэһэн болобош 1948 оной 5 һарын 14-ндэ Еврейн түрэ зуурын засагай газар Израилиие тусгаар тогтоноһоные мэдэгдэбэ. Дараань болоһон Араб-Израилиин дайнда Израиль илалта байгуулһанаар энэ уласай хилэ хизгаарые [[НҮБ]]-н хубааха түлэблэлгэдэ зааһанһаашье үлүүгөөр һунгаба. Энэ ябадалһаа хойшо зэргэлдээ оршохо олон Араб оронтой мүргэлдэжэ, үрэ дүндэнь олон томо дайн боложо үндэрлэжэ байгаа болон энэнь мүнөө хүрэтэр үргэлжэлһээр байна. Израиль улас анха байгуулагдаһанһаа хойшо, илангаяа зэргэлдээ оршохо Араб оронуудһаа түүнэй хилэ хизгаар болон бүри оршон тоготнхо эрхэнь хүрэтэр зүршэлтэй тулгарша байна. Харин Израилиинь [[Египет]], [[Йордан]] оронуудтай энхэ тайбанай хэрээ байгуулжа, [[Палестина]]шуудтай бүри мүһэн зохисолдохо хэлэлсээр ябуулһаар байна.

2019 оной байдалаар 9 сая оршон хүн зонтой,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/latest-population-statistics-for-israel|title=Latest Population Statistics for Israel|website=www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org|access-date=23 March 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Израилиинь хүгжөөлгэтэй орон ба [[ЭЗХАХБ|ЭЗХАХБ-ын]] гэшүүн юм.&lt;ref name=&quot;OECD&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.oecd.org/israel/israelsaccessiontotheoecd.htm|title=Israel's accession to the OECD|publisher=Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development|access-date=12 August 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Израилиинь Дунда Дурнын хамагай үндэр ажамидаралай хэмжээтэй улас&lt;ref name=&quot;HDI&quot; /&gt; ба сэрэгэй болбосоролтой эрхэтэнэй хубяар,&lt;ref name=&quot;IISS_military&quot;&gt;[[Израиль#IISS2018|IISS 2018]], pp. 339–340&lt;/ref&gt; дээдэ болбосоролой зэрэгтэй эрхэтэнэй хубяар,&lt;ref name=&quot;OECD_education&quot;&gt;{{cite report|date=15 September 2016|title=Education at a Glance: Israel|url=http://www.keepeek.com/Digital-Asset-Management/oecd/education/education-at-a-glance-2016/israel_eag-2016-63-en|publisher=Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development|access-date=18 January 2017|archive-date=10 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171110050434/http://www.keepeek.com/Digital-Asset-Management/oecd/education/education-at-a-glance-2016/israel_eag-2016-63-en|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; ДНБ-дэ эзэлхэ һудалгаа ба хүгжөөлгын хубяар,&lt;ref name=&quot;OECD_R&amp;D&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://data.oecd.org/rd/gross-domestic-spending-on-r-d.htm|title=Research and development (R&amp;D) – Gross domestic spending on R&amp;D – OECD Data|website=data.oecd.org|access-date=10 February 2016|accessdate=12 July 2021|archivedate=14 January 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170114013730/https://data.oecd.org/rd/gross-domestic-spending-on-r-d.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Израильдахи Эмэгтэйшүүд|эмэгтэйшүүдэй аюулгүй байдалаар]],&lt;ref name=&quot;NWW_women&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Australia|first=Chris Pash, Business Insider|date=2017|title=The 10 safest countries in the world for women|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/the-10-safest-countries-in-the-world-for-women-2018-1|access-date=23 March 2019|website=Business Insider}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Дундажа наһалалта|дундажа наһалалтаар]],&lt;ref name=&quot;OECD_life_expec&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://data.oecd.org/healthstat/life-expectancy-at-birth.htm|title=Health status – Life expectancy at birth – OECD Data|website=theOECD}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Израильдахи эрдэм ухаан ба технологи|шэнэлэлгэ байдалаар]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bloomberg_innovation&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-01-22/germany-nearly-catches-korea-as-innovation-champ-u-s-rebounds|title=These Are the World's Most Innovative Countries|website=Bloomberg.com|access-date=24 January 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; ба [[Дэлхэйн Аза Жаргалай Тоосоон|аза жаргалаар]]&lt;ref name=&quot;UN_happiness&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://worldhappiness.report/ed/2018/|title=World Happiness Report 2018|last=Report|first=World Happiness|date=14 March 2018|website=World Happiness Report|language=en-US|access-date=26 February 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; дэлхэйдэ түрүүлэн ябадаг.

== Этимологи ==
[[Файл:Merneptah_Israel_Stele_Cairo.JPG|мини|[[Мернептахай Стела]] (МЭҮ 13-р зуун). [[Библиин Археологи|Библиин археологуудай]] ехэнхинь иероглифуудай суглуулбариие &quot;Израиль,&quot; гэжэ оршуулдаг, ба энэнь энэ нэрэнэй анханай дурдалга юм.]]
[[Палестина дахи Британиин Мандат (хуулита документ)|Британиин Мандатай]] дооро (1920–1948), энэ нютагые бүхэлидэнь 'Палестина' ([[Иврит]]: פלשתינה [א״י], &lt;small&gt;бук. &lt;/small&gt;'Палестина [Эрец Исраэль]') гэжэ нэрлэдэг байба.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite magazine|url=http://time.com/3445003/mandatory-palestine/|title=Mandatory Palestine: What It Was and Why It Matters|author=Noah Rayman|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|TIME]]|date=29 September 2014|access-date=5 December 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; 1948 ондо [[Израилиин Тусгаар Тогтонолой Тунхаглал|тусгаар тогтониһоной]] дараа улас 'Израиль Улас' ({{lang-he|מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל}}, {{Audio|He-Medinat Israel2.ogg|{{transl|he|''Medīnat Yisrā'el''}}|help=no}} {{IPA-he|mediˈnat jisʁaˈʔel|}}; {{lang-ar|دَوْلَة إِسْرَائِيل}}, {{transl|ar|ALA-LC|''Dawlat Isrāʼīl''}}, {{IPA-ar|dawlat ʔisraːˈʔiːl|}}), 'Израилиин Нютаг' (''Eretz Israel''), Эвер ([[Евер|Ебер]] нэрэһээ гаралтай), [[Сион]], [[Иудея]] зэргэ [[Израилиин Тусгаар Тогтонолой Тунхаглал#Нэрэ|дурадһан түүхэн ба шажанай бусад нэрые]] зүбшөөрхэгүйн дараа,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|work=The Palestine Post|location=Jerusalem|date=7 December 1947|page=1|title=Popular Opinion|url=http://www.jpress.org.il/Repository/getFiles.asp?Style=OliveXLib:LowLevelEntityToSaveGifMSIE_TAUEN&amp;Type=text/html&amp;Locale=english-skin-custom&amp;Path=PLS/1947/12/07&amp;ChunkNum=-1&amp;ID=Ar00105&amp;PageLabel=1|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120815030044/http://www.jpress.org.il/Repository/getFiles.asp?Style=OliveXLib%3ALowLevelEntityToSaveGifMSIE_TAUEN&amp;Type=text%2Fhtml&amp;Locale=english-skin-custom&amp;Path=PLS%2F1947%2F12%2F07&amp;ChunkNum=-1&amp;ID=Ar00105&amp;PageLabel=1|archive-date=15 August 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; албан ёһоор абаһан, харин [[Давид Бен-Гурион|Бен-Гурионой]] һанал болгоһон 'Израиль' нэрые 6–3 һаналаар баталһан.&lt;ref&gt;[http://info.jpost.com/1998/Supplements/Jubilee/2.html One Day that Shook the world] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120112220409/http://info.jpost.com/1998/Supplements/Jubilee/2.html|date=12 January 2012}} ''The Jerusalem Post'', 30 April 1998, by Elli Wohlgelernter&lt;/ref&gt; Тусгаар тогтонолой нэгэдэхи долоон хоногто засагай газар Израилиин эрхэтэные тэмдэглэлгын тулада &quot;[[Израильшууд]]&quot; гэһэн терминиие һунгаһан тухай [[Гадаада Хэрэгэй Министр (Израиль)|Гадаада Хэрэгэй Министр]] [[Моше Шарет]] албан ёһоор мэдэгдэбэ.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite magazine|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,798687-2,00.html|magazine=Time|location=New York|date=31 May 1948|title=On the Move|access-date=6 August 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071016074447/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0%2C9171%2C798687-2%2C00.html|archive-date=16 October 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Израилиин Нютаг]] ба [[Израилиин Үхибүүд]] гэһэн нэрэнүүд нь библиин [[Израилиин хаанта улас (Нэгэдэһэн монархи)|Израилиин хаанта улас]] ба [[Еврейшүүд|бүхы Еврейшүүдые]] тусхайтаар тэмдэглэлгэдэ ашаглагдажа ерэһэн түүхэтэй.&lt;ref name=&quot;levine&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last=Levine|first=Robert A.|title=See Israel as a Jewish Nation-State, More or Less Democratic|work=The New York Times|date=7 November 2000|access-date=19 January 2011|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/11/07/opinion/07iht-edlevine.t.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Израиль (нэрэ)|'Израиль' нэрэ]] (Иврит:&amp;nbsp;''Yisraʾel'', ''Isrāʾīl''; [[Септуагинта]] {{lang-el|Ἰσραήλ}}, ''Israēl'', 'Эль (Бурхан) нэтэржэ/захиржа', гэбэшье {{Bibleverse|Hosea|12:4}}-иин дараа 'Бурхантай тэмсэл' тайлбарилгдадаг)&lt;ref&gt;William G. Dever, [https://books.google.com/books?id=IGR7-OSz7bUC&amp;pg=PA186 ''Did God Have a Wife?: Archaeology and Folk Religion in Ancient Israel''], Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 2005 p. 186.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Geoffrey W. Bromiley, [https://books.google.com/books?id=yklDk6Vv0l4C&amp;pg=PA907 'Israel,'] in ''International Standard Bible Encyclopedia: E–J,''Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 1995 p. 907.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;R.L. Ottley, [https://books.google.com/books?id=AWZsAAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA32 ''The Religion of Israel: A Historical Sketch,''] Cambridge University Press, 2013 pp. 31–32 note 5.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=Longman pronunciation dictionary|first=John C.|last=Wells|publisher=Longman|location=Harlow, England|year=1990|isbn=978-0-582-05383-0|page=381}} entry &quot;Jacob&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; энэ хэлэлгэдэ [[Иаков]] патриархда хабаардаг, ба [[Еврей Библи|Еврей Библиин]] дагуу, Ехэ Эзэнэй ангелтэй амжилтатай барилдаһанай дараа энэ нэрые үгэһэн гэгдэдэг.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;And he said, Thy name shall be called no more Jacob, but Israel: for as a prince hast thou power with God and with men, and hast prevailed.&quot; ([[Book of Genesis|Genesis]], 32:28, 35:10). See also [http://www.mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt1312.htm Hosea 12:5] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181005145049/http://www.mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt1312.htm |date=2018-10-05 }}.&lt;/ref&gt; Иаковой арбан хоёр хүбүүн нь , ''[[Twelve Tribes of Israel|Израилиин Арбан Хоёр Племинууд]]'' гү, али ''Израилиин Үхибүүд'' гэгдэдэг, Израилитуудай үбгэ эсэгэнэр болоһон. Иаков ба түүнэй хүбүүд [[Ханаан]] нютагта амидарча байһан болобошье үлэсхэлэнгын уламһаа дүрбэн үеэрээ Египет руу ябахаар хашагдаһан, ба 430 жэл үргэлжэлһэн,&lt;ref&gt;{{Bibleverse||Exodus|12:40–41|HE}}&lt;/ref&gt; Иаковой хоёрдохи гуша хүбүүн [[Моисей]],&lt;ref&gt;{{Bibleverse||Exodus|6:16–20|HE}}&lt;/ref&gt; &quot;[[Гаралга|Гаралгын]]&quot; үеэр Израилитуудые [[Ханаан]] руу бусаажа ерүүлхэ хүрэтэр. &quot;Израиль&quot; гэдэг үгые хамтадхаһан байдалаар дурдагдаһан хамагай эртын археологиин артифакт нь [[Эртын Египет|эртын Египетэй]] [[Мернептахай Стела]] (МЭҮ 13-р зуунай эсэсдэ табигдадаг) юм.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Barton|Bowden|2004|p=126}}. &quot;The Merneptah Stele ... is arguably the oldest evidence outside the Bible for the existence of Israel as early as the 13th century BCE.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;

Энэ газарые мүн [[Арюун Газар]] гэжэ нэрлэгдэдэг ба, энэнь [[Иудаизм]], [[Христосой шажан]], [[Лалын шажан|Ислам]] ба [[Бахайн шүтэлгэ]] зэргэ бүхы [[Авраамай шажанууд|Авраамай шажануудай]] хубида арюун юм. Олон зуунай туршада, энэ газарые Ханаан, [[Джахи]], [[Самари]], [[Иудея]], [[Иехуд (Вавилоной можо)|Иехуд]], [[Иудея (Римэй можо)|Иудея]], [[Палестинын Сири]] ба [[Урда Сири]] гэжэ [[Левантын Нэрэнүүд|өөр олон нэрээр]] нэрлэдэг байба.

== Түүхэ ==
{{Main|Израилиин Түүхэ}}
=== Эртэ балар саг ===
{{Further|Эртэ балар сагай Израиль ба Левант}}
1,5 сая жэлэй саада тээ мүнөөнэй Израилиин нютаг дэбисхэр дээрхи эртэ сагай хүнүүдэй хамагай эртэ урдын гэршэлэлтэ [[Галилейн далай|Галилейн тэнгисэй]] ойро [[Убайдия|Убайдияһаа]] олдоһон.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last=Tchernov|first=Eitan|author-link=Eitan Tchernov|date=1988|title=The Age of 'Ubeidiya Formation (Jordan Valley, Israel) and the Earliest Hominids in the Levant|journal=[[Paléorient]]|volume=14|issue=2|pages=63–65|doi=10.3406/paleo.1988.4455}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Палеолит]] үеын бусад дурасхаалта газаруудиинь [[Табун]], [[Кесем]], [[Манот|Манотай]] агынууд юм. Африкаһаа гадна олдоһон [[Ухаантай хүнүүд|анатомиин мүнөө үеын хүнүүдэй]] хамагай эртэ урдын шулуужанги бол 120,000 жэлэй саана одооной Израилиин хойто хэсэгтэ амидардаг байһан [[Схул ба Кафзех бүлэгэй гоминидууд|Схул ба Кафзехай гоминидууд]] юм.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Rincon|first=Paul|date=14 October 2015|title=Fossil teeth place humans in Asia '20,000 years early'|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-34531861|work=BBC News|access-date=4 January 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; МЭҮ 10-р мянганай оршон [[Натуфиин соёл]] уг нютагта оршоно тогтоножо байһан.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last=Bar-Yosef|first=Ofer|author-link=Ofer Bar-Yosef|date=7 December 1998|title=The Natufian Culture in the Levant, Threshold to the Origins of Agriculture|url=http://www.columbia.edu/itc/anthropology/v1007/baryo.pdf|journal=[[Evolutionary Anthropology (journal)|Evolutionary Anthropology]]|volume=6|issue=5|pages=159–177|doi=10.1002/(SICI)1520-6505(1998)6:5&lt;159::AID-EVAN4&gt;3.0.CO;2-7|access-date=4 January 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Эртэ дээрэ үе ===
{{Main|Эртэ сагай Израилиин ба Иудеягай Түүхэ}}{{Further|Израилитууд|Израилиин хаанта улас (Самари)|Иудейн хаанта улас}}
[[Файл:City_of_David_-_King_David's_Palace_IMG_5815.JPG|мини|[[Томо Шулуун Барилга]], Иерусалим дахи археологиин памятник]]
Уг газар нютагай эртын түүхэ эли бэшэ байна.&lt;ref name=&quot;Finkelstein&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last1=Finkelstein|first1=Israel|last2=Silberman|first2=Neil Asher|title=The Bible unearthed : archaeology's new vision of ancient Israel and the origin of its stories|date=2001|publisher=Simon &amp; Schuster|location=New York|isbn=978-0-684-86912-4|edition=1st Touchstone}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{rp|104}} Мүнөөнэй [[археологи]] нь [[Тора]] дахи [[Иошуагай ном|Иошуагай номдо]] бэшэгдэһэн [[Патриархууд (Библи)|патриархууд]], [[Гэтэлгэ]] ба Ханаанай дайлан абаһан тухай түүхиие ниилээд хаяжа, энэнэй орондо энэ түүхиие [[Бану Исраил|Израильшуудай]] [[үндэһэнэй домог]] гэжэ үзэдэг.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Dever|first=William|title=What Did the Biblical Writers Know, and When Did They Know It?|year=2001|publisher=Eerdmans|isbn=978-3-927120-37-2|url={{Google books|6-VxwC5rQtwC|page=|keywords=|text=|plainurl=yes}}|pages=98–99|quote=After a century of exhaustive investigation, all respectable archaeologists have given up hope of recovering any context that would make Abraham, Isaac, or Jacob credible &quot;historical figures&quot; [...] archaeological investigation of Moses and the Exodus has similarly been discarded as a fruitless pursuit.}}&lt;/ref&gt;  [[Орой Хүрэл зэбсэгэй үе|Орой Хүрэл зэбсэгэй үедэ]] (МЭҮ 1550–1200), [[Ханаан|Ханаанай]] томоохон хэсэг нь [[Шэнэ Египетэй хаанта улас|Шэнэ Египетэй хаанта уласда]] албан түлэдэг [[Вассальна улас|вассальна уласуудые]] байгуулһан, ба захиргаанай түб нь [[Газа хото|Газада]] байдаг байба.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|jstor=10.5615/bullamerschoorie.364.0001|doi=10.5615/bullamerschoorie.364.0001|title=The Meaning of Egyptian-Style Objects in the Late Bronze Cemeteries of Tell el-Farʿah (South)|journal=Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research|volume=364|issue=364|pages=1–36|year=2011|last1=Braunstein|first1=Susan L.|s2cid=164054005}}&lt;/ref&gt; Израильшуудай үбгэ эсэгэнэрые энэ нютагай уг [[эртын Семит-хэлэтэй хүнүүд]] багтадаг гэжэ үзэдэг.&lt;ref name=&quot;Miller1986&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last1=Miller|first1=James Maxwell|last2=Hayes|first2=John Haralson|title=A History of Ancient Israel and Judah|publisher=Westminster John Knox Press|year=1986|isbn=978-0-664-21262-9|url=https://archive.org/details/historyofancient00mill}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{rp|78–79}} Израильшууд ба тэдэнэй соёл, мүнөөнэй археологиин мэдээнүүдэй дагуу, энэ нютагые хүсээр абаагүй, харин орондо нь [[Яхве]] дээр зангидаһан тусгаар [[Монолатри|монолатрист]]—дараань [[Монотеизм|монотеист]]—шажаниие болбосоруулһанаар [[Ханаанай хэлэнүүд|Ханаан үндэһэтэнүүд]] ба тэдэнэй соёлһоо һалаһан юм.&lt;ref&gt;Tubb, 1998. pp. 13–14&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Mark Smith in &quot;The Early History of God: Yahweh and Other Deities of Ancient Israel&quot; states &quot;Despite the long regnant model that the Canaanites and Israelites were people of fundamentally different culture, archaeological data now casts doubt on this view. The material culture of the region exhibits numerous common points between Israelites and Canaanites in the Iron I period (c. 1200–1000&amp;nbsp;BCE). The record would suggest that the Israelite culture largely overlapped with and derived from Canaanite culture... In short, Israelite culture was largely Canaanite in nature. Given the information available, one cannot maintain a radical cultural separation between Canaanites and Israelites for the Iron I period.&quot; (pp. 6–7). Smith, Mark (2002) &quot;The Early History of God: Yahweh and Other Deities of Ancient Israel&quot; (Eerdman's)&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Rendsberg, Gary (2008). &quot;Israel without the Bible&quot;. In Frederick E. Greenspahn. The Hebrew Bible: New Insights and Scholarship. NYU Press, pp. 3–5&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Gnuse|first1=Robert Karl|title=No Other Gods: Emergent Monotheism in Israel|date=1997|publisher=Sheffield Academic Press Ltd|location=England|isbn=1-85075-657-0|pages=28, 31}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{sfn|McNutt|1999|p=35}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|doi=10.2307/3268384|issn=0021-9231|volume=122|issue=3|pages=401–425|last=Bloch-Smith|first=Elizabeth|title=Israelite Ethnicity in Iron I: Archaeology Preserves What Is Remembered and What Is Forgotten in Israel's History|journal=Journal of Biblical Literature|date=2003|jstor=3268384|s2cid=160020536|url=https://semanticscholar.org/paper/814c842d2de5a49881f6e731f9a0a4ec0b85f11d}}&lt;/ref&gt; Археологиин артефактууд нь тосхон-мэтэ түбүүдые ниигэмые харуул жа байгаа, болобошье үлүү хизаарлагданги баялигтай ба жэжэг хүн зонтой.&lt;ref&gt;Lehman in Vaughn 1992, pp. 156–162.{{full citation needed|date=March 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Тосхонууд нь 300 гү, али 400 хүрэтэр хүн зонтой байһан ба,{{sfn|McNutt|1999|p=70}}{{sfn|Miller|2012|p=98}} хүдөө ажахы ба мал ажал эрхилдэг байһан, ба ехэнхидээ бэе-дааһан;{{sfn|McNutt|1999|p=72}} эдэй засагай һолилго диилэнхи байба.{{sfn|Miller|2012|p=99}} Үзэг бэшэг мэдэгдэжэ байһан ба жэжэг газарта хүрэтэр бэшэлгэ хиихэ боломжотой байба.{{sfn|Miller|2012|p=105}}

[[File:Kingdoms of Israel and Judah map 830.svg|thumb|upright|Map of [[Kingdom of Israel (Samaria)|Israel]] and [[Kingdom of Judah|Judah]] in the 9th century BCE]]
Хэзээ нэгэтэ [[Kingdom of Israel (united monarchy)|Нэгэдэһэн монархи]] байһан үгынь тодорхойгүйшье,&lt;ref name=&quot;lipschits&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last1=Lipschits|first1=Oded|editor1-last=Berlin|editor1-first=Adele|editor2-last=Brettler|editor2-first=Marc Zvi|title=The Jewish Study Bible|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-997846-5|year=2014|edition=2nd|chapter-url={{Google books|yErYBAAAQBAJ|page=|keywords=|text=|plainurl=yes}}|language=en|chapter=The History of Israel in the Biblical Period}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Kuhrtp438&gt;{{cite book|last=Kuhrt|first=Amiele|title=The Ancient Near East|year=1995|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-415-16762-8|page=[https://archive.org/details/ancientneareastc00akuh/page/438 438]|url=https://archive.org/details/ancientneareastc00akuh/page/438}}&lt;/ref&gt; МЭҮ 1200 оной үедэ хамаарха [[Мернептахай Стела]] дахи &quot;Израиль&quot;-да хабаарха сайн зүбшөөгдэһэн археологиин артефакт байдаг;&lt;ref name=NollMerneptah&gt;K.L. Noll, [https://books.google.com/books?id=hMeRK7B1EsMC&amp;pg=PA139 ''Canaan and Israel in Antiquity: A Textbook on History and Religion,''] A&amp;C Black, 2012, rev.ed. pp. 137ff.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=ThompsonMerneptah&gt;[[Thomas L. Thompson]], [https://books.google.com/books?id=RwrrUuHFb6UC&amp;pg=PA275 ''Early History of the Israelite People: From the Written &amp; Archaeological Sources,''] Brill, 2000 pp. 275–276: 'They are rather a very specific group among the population of Palestine which bears a name that occurs here for the first time that at a much later stage in Palestine's history bears a substantially different signification.'&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;The [[Israel (name)|personal name &quot;Israel&quot;]] appears much earlier, in material from [[Ebla]]. {{Cite journal|last=Hasel|first=Michael G.|date=1 January 1994|title=Israel in the Merneptah Stela|jstor=1357179|journal=Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research|volume=296|issue=296|pages=45–61|doi=10.2307/1357179|s2cid=164052192}}; {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1C4NKp4zgIQC&amp;q=ebla%20israel%20ishmael%20abraham&amp;pg=PA317|title=Handbook to Life in Ancient Mesopotamia|last=Bertman|first=Stephen|date=14 July 2005|publisher=OUP|isbn=978-0-19-518364-1}} and {{cite book|title=Between Evidence and Ideology Essays on the History of Ancient Israel read at the Joint Meeting of the Society for Old Testament Study and the Oud Testamentisch Werkgezelschap Lincoln, July 2009|date=2010|publisher=Brill|isbn=978-90-04-18737-5|page=47|chapter=Origins of Israel between history and ideology|author1=Meindert Dijkstra|editor1-last=Becking|editor1-first=Bob|editor2-last=Grabbe|editor2-first=Lester|editor1-link=Lester L. Grabbe|quote=As a West Semitic personal name it existed long before it became a tribal or a geographical name. This is not without significance, though is it rarely mentioned. We learn of a maryanu named ysr&quot;il (*Yi¡sr—a&quot;ilu) from Ugarit living in the same period, but the name was already used a thousand years before in Ebla. The word Israel originated as a West Semitic personal name. One of the many names that developed into the name of the ancestor of a clan, of a tribe and finally of a people and a nation.}}&lt;/ref&gt; ба Ханааншууд нь Дунда Хүрэл зэбсэгэй үедэ (МЭҮ 2100–1550) археологиин шэнжэлгээр баталагдаһан.&lt;ref name=&quot;Golden&quot;&gt;Jonathan M Golden,[https://books.google.com/books?id=EResmS5wOnkC&amp;pg=PA3 ''Ancient Canaan and Israel: An Introduction,''] OUP, 2009 pp. 3–4.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1 = Lemche |first1 = Niels Peter |year = 1998 |title = The Israelites in History and Tradition |publisher = Westminster John Knox Press |url={{Google books|JIoY7PagAOAC|page=PA35|keywords=|text=|plainurl=yes}} |page=35|isbn=978-0-664-22727-2}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Эртэ сагай Израилиин ба Иудеягай Түүхэ|Израиль ба Иудеягай хаанта уласууд]] хамагай эртын бии байлга ба тэдэнэй хэмжээ ба хүсэнэй талаар арсалдаан байдагшье, историкууд ба археологууд [[Израилиин хаанта улас (Самари)|Израилиин хаанта улас]] МЭҮ 900&lt;ref name=Finkelstein/&gt;{{rp|169–195}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Wright&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last1=Wright|first1=Jacob L.|date=July 2014|title=David, King of Judah (Not Israel)|url=http://www.bibleinterp.com/articles/2014/07/wri388001.shtml|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301164250/http://www.bibleinterp.com/articles/2014/07/wri388001.shtml|archive-date=1 March 2021|access-date=15 May 2021|website=The Bible and Interpretation}}&lt;/ref&gt; ба [[Иудейн хаанта улас]] МЭҮ 700 ондо байһан гэдэгтэй һанал ниилэдэг.&lt;ref name=Pitcher&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=tu02muKUVJ0C&amp;pg=PA229 The Pitcher Is Broken: Memorial Essays for Gosta W. Ahlstrom, Steven W. Holloway, Lowell K. Handy, Continuum, 1 May 1995] Quote: &quot;For Israel, the description of the battle of Qarqar in the Kurkh Monolith of Shalmaneser III (mid-ninth century) and for Judah, a Tiglath-pileser III text mentioning (Jeho-) Ahaz of Judah (IIR67 = K. 3751), dated 734–733, are the earliest published to date.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; 

Израилиин хаанта улас нь хоёр хаанта уласһаа үлүү һалбаран хүгжэжэ байһан ба удалгүй нютагай держава болон хубилһан;{{sfn|Finkelstein|Silberman|2002|pp=146-7|ps=:Put simply, while Judah was still economically marginal and backward, Israel was booming. ... In the next chapter we will see how the northern kingdom suddenly appeared on the ancient Near Eastern stage as a major regional power}} [[Омридой династи|Омридой династиин]] үедэ, [[Самари]], [[Галилеа]], [[Йорданай Хүнхэр|Йорданай Хүнхэрэй]] дээдэ хэһэг, [[Шарон]] ба [[Трансйордан (нютаг)|Трансйорданай]] ехэ хэһэгые ударидажа байба.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Israel.|first=Finkelstein|url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/949151323|title=The forgotten kingdom : the archaeology and history of Northern Israel|isbn=978-1-58983-910-6|pages=74|oclc=949151323}}&lt;/ref&gt; Энэнь МЭҮ 720 ондо, [[Шэнэ-Ассириин эзэнтэ гүрэн|Шэнэ-Ассириин эзэнтэ гүрэндэ]] эзэлэгдэхэ үедэ һүйдхэгдэһэн.&lt;ref name=&quot;Broshi 2001 1742&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Broshi|first=Maguen|title=Bread, Wine, Walls and Scrolls|url={{Google books|etTUEorS1zMC|page=PA174|keywords=|text=|plainurl=yes}}|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|year=2001|page=174|isbn=978-1-84127-201-6}}&lt;/ref&gt; Дараань [[Иудейн хаанта улас]] нь эхилээд Шэнэ-Ассириин эзэнтэ гүрэн, дараань [[Шэнэ-Вавилоной эзэнтэ гүрэн|Шэнэ-Вавилоной эзэнтэ гүрэнэй]] вассал улас болобо.

МЭҮ 586 ондо Вавилоншууд Иудейгые [[Еврей–Вавилоной дайн|эзэлбэ]]. Еврей Библидэ бэшэһэнээр, [[Соломоной сүмэ]] ба [[II Небухаднезар]] хаан [[Иерусалимай Осада (МЭҮ 587)|Иерусалимые усадхажа]], дараань [[Вавилон]] руу [[Вавилоной плен|еврейшүүдые сүлэбэ]]. Мүн илагдалай тухай [[Вавилоной Хронико|Вавилоной Хроникодо]] бэшэгдэһэн байдаг.&lt;ref name=&quot;BabylonianChronicles&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/me/c/cuneiform_nebuchadnezzar_ii.aspx|title=British Museum – Cuneiform tablet with part of the Babylonian Chronicle (605–594 BCE)|access-date=30 October 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141030154541/https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/me/c/cuneiform_nebuchadnezzar_ii.aspx|archive-date=30 October 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.livius.org/cg-cm/chronicles/abc5/jerusalem.html|title=ABC 5 (Jerusalem Chronicle) – Livius|website=www.livius.org|access-date=26 March 2020|archive-date=5 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190505195611/https://www.livius.org/cg-cm/chronicles/abc5/jerusalem.html|url-status=dead|accessdate=27 March 2022|archivedate=5 May 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190505195611/https://www.livius.org/cg-cm/chronicles/abc5/jerusalem.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; Вавилоной плен нь МЭҮ 538 ондо медо-персиин Ехэ Кир Вавилоные эзэлжэ абаһанай дараагаар эсэслэһэн.&lt;ref name=&quot;rennert&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.biu.ac.il/js/rennert/history_4.html|title=Second Temple Period (538 BCE to 70 CE) Persian Rule|publisher=Biu.ac.il|access-date=15 March 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;''Harper's Bible Dictionary'', ed. by Achtemeier, etc., Harper &amp; Row, San Francisco, 1985, p. 103&lt;/ref&gt; [[Хоёрдохи Сүмэ]] МЭҮ 520 ондо баригдаһан.&lt;ref name=&quot;rennert&quot; /&gt; Персиин эзэнтэ гүрэнэй нэгэ хэһэг болохо хуушан Иудейн хаанта улас нь өөр хилэтэй, жэжэг газар нютагые хамарһан Иудея можо ([[Йехуд (Персиин можо)|Йехуд Медината]]) болобо.&lt;ref name=&quot;Grabbe355&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Grabbe|first=Lester L.|title=A History of the Jews and Judaism in the Second Temple Period: Yehud – A History of the Persian Province of Judah v. 1|year=2004|publisher=T &amp; T Clark|isbn=978-0-567-08998-4|url={{Google books|-MnE5T_0RbMC|page=PA355|keywords=|text=gave+the+Jews+permission+to+return+to+Yehud+province+and+to+rebuild+the|plainurl=yes}}|page=355}}&lt;/ref&gt; Туһа можын хүн зон хаанта уласайһаа нилээд агшаһан ба археологиин шэнжэлэлгээр МЭҮ 5-4-р зуунай үедэ 30,000 оршон хүн зонтой байһаниие харуулдаг.&lt;ref name=&quot;Finkelstein2&quot; /&gt;{{rp|308}}

=== Дунда зуун ба Мүнөөнэй түүхэ ===
{{Further|Дунда зуунай Иерусалимай Түүхэ|3=Хэрээһэтэнэй аян дайн|4=Хуушан Ишув}}
[[Файл:Ruins_of_the_Ancient_Synagogue_at_Bar'am.jpg|мини|[[Кафр-Бирим|Кафр-Барам]], МЭ 7-13 зуунай хоорондо орхигдоһон Еврейшүүдэй эртэ урдын тосхон.&lt;ref&gt;Judaism in late antiquity, Jacob Neusner, Bertold Spuler, Hady R Idris, Brill, 2001, p. 155&lt;/ref&gt;]]
634–641 ондо энэ бүһэ нютагые, түүнэй дотор Иерусалимые һаяхан [[Лалын шажан|Лалын шажантай]] болоһон [[Арабууд]] эзэлһэн. Дараагай гурбан зуунай туршада энэ газар нютагые Рашидунай [[Халиф]], [[Омейяд улас|Омейядууд]], [[Аббасай улас|Аббасууд]], [[Фатимид улас|Фатимидууд]], [[Сельджук турк|Сельджукууд]], [[Хэрээһэтэнэй уласууд|Хэрээһэтэнүүд]] ба [[Айюбид улас|Айюбидууд]] ударидажа байһан юм.&lt;ref name=&quot;MosheGil&quot;&gt;{{cite book|title=A History of Palestine, 634–1099|last=Gil|first=Moshe|year=1997|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-59984-9}}&lt;/ref&gt;

1099 ондо [[Түрүүшын аян дайн|Түрүүшын Хэрээһэтэнэй аян дайнай]] [[Иерусалимай бүһэлэлгэ (1099)|Иерусалимай бүһэлэлгын]] үеэр туһа хотын Еврей оршон һуугшада хотые Хэрээһэтэнүүдэй эсэргүү хамгаалха гэжэ дэмы хооһон оролдоһон Фатимидай гарнизон ба Лалын шажантадтай хаяа хадхажа тулалдажа байба. Хотые нурахда синагогто нюугдажа байһан 6,000 Еврейшүүдые багтаажа ниитэ 60,000 оршон хүн алагдаһан.&lt;ref name=&quot;Cooper2009&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Allan D. Cooper|title=The geography of genocide|url={{Google books|Uyh8kdcuA1kC|page=PA132|keywords=|text=|plainurl=yes}}|access-date=1 January 2012|year=2009|publisher=University Press of America|isbn=978-0-7618-4097-8|page=132}}&lt;/ref&gt; Энэ үедэ, Еврейн уласай уналгаһаа хойшо бүтэн мянган жэлэй дараа, улас даяар Еврейн бүлгэмүүд байһан. Тэдэгээрэй табиниинь танигдаһан ба [[Иерусалим]], [[Тиберия]], [[Рамла]], [[Ашкелон]], [[Кесария (Израиль)|Кесария]], [[Газа]] юм.&lt;ref&gt;Carmel, Alex. ''The History of Haifa Under Turkish Rule''. Haifa: Pardes, 2002 ({{ISBN|965-7171-05-9}}), pp. 16–17&lt;/ref&gt; [[Аахениин Альберт|Аахениин Альбертын]] хэлэһэнээр [[Һайфа|Һайфагай]] Еврей оршон һуугшада хотын гол байлдаанай хүсэ байһан ба &quot;Сарацен [Фатимидай] сэрэгүүдтэй холилдоһон&quot;, тэдэ Хэрээһэтэнэй флот болон хуурай замай сэрэгүүд сухариха хүрэтэр нэгэ һара оршон эрэлхэг зоригтой байлдаһан гэһэн.&lt;ref name=&quot;634to1099&quot;&gt;{{cite book|title=A History of Palestine, 634–1099|author=Moshe Gil|year=1992|publisher=Cambridge University Press|page=829|isbn=978-0-521-40437-2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tSM4AAAAIAAJ&amp;q=1100+%22haifa%22+fatimid+jews&amp;pg=PA829|quote=Haifa was taken [...] in August 1100 or June 1101, according to Muslim sources which contradict one another. Albert of Aachen does not mention the date in a clear manner either. From what he says, it appears that it was mainly the Jewish inhabitants of the city who defended the fortress of Haifa. In his rather strange Latin style, he mentions that there was a Jewish population in Haifa, and that they fought bravely within the walls of the city. He explains that the Jews there were protected people of the Muslims (the Fatimids). They fought side by side with units of the Fatimid army, striking back at Tancred's army from above the walls of the citadel (... ''Judaei civis comixtis Sarracenorum turmis'') until the Crusaders overcame them and they were forced to abandon the walls. The Muslims and the Jews then managed to escape from the fortress with their lives, while the rest of the population fled the city ''en masse''. Whoever remained was slaughtered, and huge quantities of spoils were taken. [...] [Note #3: Albert of Aachen (Albericus, Albertus Aquensis), ''Historia Hierosolymitanae Expeditionis'', in: [[Recueil des historiens des croisades|''RHC'']] (Occ.), IV. p. 523; etc.]|access-date=17 May 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Resnick2012&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Irven M. Resnick|title=Marks of Distinctions: Christian Perceptions of Jews in the High Middle Ages|url={{Google books|LarC4PG9osUC|page=PA49|keywords=|text=|plainurl=yes}}|year=2012|publisher=CUA Press|isbn=978-0-8132-1969-1|pages=48–49|quote=citizens of the Jewish race, who lived in the city by the favour and consent of the king of Egypt in return for payment of tribute, got on the walls bearing arms and put up a very stubborn defence, until the Christians, weighed down by various blows over the period of two weeks, absolutely despaired and held back their hands from any attack. [...] the Jewish citizens, mixed with Saracen troops, at once fought back manfully,... and counter-attacked. [Albert of Aachen, ''Historia Ierosolimitana'' 7.23, ed. and transl. Susan B. Edgington (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2007), 516 and 521.]}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

1165 ондо [[Маймонид]] Иерусалимда ошожо &quot;агуу, арюун байшанда&quot; [[Һүмын Уула|Һүмын Уулада]] зальбаршээ.&lt;ref&gt;Sefer HaCharedim Mitzvat Tshuva Chapter 3. Maimonides established a yearly holiday for himself and his sons, 6 [[Cheshvan]], commemorating the day he went up to pray on the Temple Mount, and another, 9 Cheshvan, commemorating the day he merited to pray at the [[Cave of the Patriarchs]] in [[Hebron]].&lt;/ref&gt; 1141 ондо Испани-Еврей шүлэг зохёогшо [[Иеһуда Һалеви]] еврейшүүдые Израилиин Нютаг руу нүүхые уряалжа, өөрөө аян замдаа гараба. 1187 ондо [[Айюбид улас|Айюбид уласай]] байгуулагша [[Саладин]] султан [[Хаттинай байлдаан|Хаттинай байлдаанда]] Хэрээһэтэнүүдые ялажа, уламаар Иерусалим болон бараг бүхы Палестиные эзлэбэ. Саг хугасаа үнгэрхэдэ Саладин еврейшүүдые бусажа Иерусалимда һуурижахые уряалһан тунхаглал гаргаһан&lt;ref name=&quot;Bloch1987&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Abraham P. Bloch|title=One a day: an anthology of Jewish historical anniversaries for every day of the year|chapter-url={{Google books|mjxJAFawRasC|page=PA277|keywords=|text=|plainurl=yes}}|access-date=26 December 2011|year=1987|publisher=KTAV Publishing House, Inc.|isbn=978-0-88125-108-1|page=277|chapter=Sultan Saladin Opens Jerusalem to Jews}}&lt;/ref&gt; ба [[Иеһуда Алхаризи|Иеһуда Алхаризигай]] хэлэһэнээр тэдэ: &quot;Арабууд Иерусалимые эзэлһэн үдэрһээ хойшо Израильшууд тэндэ һуурижажээ&quot; гэһэн.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ben-Gurion1974&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Benzion Dinur|editor=David Ben-Gurion|title=The Jews in their Land|chapter-url={{Google books|5sVtAAAAMAAJ|page=|keywords=|text=|plainurl=yes}}|access-date=26 December 2011|year=1974|publisher=Aldus Books|page=217|chapter=From Bar Kochba's Revolt to the Turkish Conquest}}&lt;/ref&gt; Алхаризи Саладинай еврейшүүдтэ Иерусалимда һэргээн байгуулхые зүбшөөрһөн зарлигые Персиин хаан [[Агуу Кир|Агуу Кирэй]] 1600 жэлэй үмэнэ гаргаһан зарлигтай зэргэсүүлһэн.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hindley2007&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Geoffrey Hindley|title=Saladin: hero of Islam|url={{Google books|fDYsAQAAIAAJ|page=|keywords=|text=|plainurl=yes}}|access-date=26 December 2011|year=2007|publisher=Pen &amp; Sword Military|isbn=978-1-84415-499-9|page=xiii}}&lt;/ref&gt;

1211 ондо Франци, Англиһаа 300 шахуу [[Раввин|раввинай]] бүлгэм ерэһэнэй дараа туһа уласда Еврейшүүдэй бүлгэм бэхижэжэ,&lt;ref name=&quot;CarmelSchäfer1990&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author1=Alex Carmel|author2=Peter Schäfer|author3=Yossi Ben-Artzi|title=The Jewish settlement in Palestine, 634–1881|url={{Google books|c71tAAAAMAAJ|page=|keywords=|text=|plainurl=yes}}|access-date=21 December 2011|year=1990|publisher=L. Reichert|isbn=978-3-88226-479-1|page=31}}&lt;/ref&gt; тэдэнэй дунда [[Сансын Самсон бен-Авраам|Сансын Самсон бен-Авраам раввин]] байһан юм.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/13073-samson-ben-abraham-of-sens Samson ben Abraham of Sens], ''Jewish Encyclopedia''.&lt;/ref&gt; 13-р зуунай Испаниин раввин, Еврейшүүдэй тоогдоһон ударидагша [[Моше бен Нахман|Нахманидс]] (Рамбан) Израилиин Нютагые маша ехэ магтажа, түүнэй һуурижалые бүхы Еврейшүүдтэ үгэһэн һайн зарлиг гэжэ үзэдэг байба. Тэрээр &quot;Хэрбээ язычникууд эблэрхые хүсэшэ байбал бидэ энхэ тайбан байгуулжа, тэдэные тодорхой нүхэсэлээр үлөөхэ болоно. Гэхдээ газар нютагын хубида бидэ үүные тэдэнииехиинь, алишье үндэһэнэй, нэгэ үеынхэнэй гарта үлөөхгүй.&quot; гэжэ бэшэһэн.&lt;ref name=&quot;Lichtman2006&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Moshe Lichtman|title=Eretz Yisrael in the Parshah: The Centrality of the Land of Israel in the Torah|url={{Google books|g95csSXsDpcC|page=PA302|keywords=|text=|plainurl=yes}}|access-date=23 December 2011|year=2006|publisher=Devora Publishing|isbn=978-1-932687-70-5|page=302}}&lt;/ref&gt;

1260 ондо хиналта Египетын [[Мамлюкай султанат (Каир)|Мамлюкай султанда]] шэлжэһэн.&lt;ref name=&quot;GudrunKramer&quot;&gt;{{cite book|title=A History of Palestine: From the Ottoman Conquest to the Founding of the State of Israel|last=Kramer|first=Gudrun|year=2008|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=978-0-691-11897-0|page=[https://archive.org/details/historyofpalesti00krea/page/376 376]|url=https://archive.org/details/historyofpalesti00krea/page/376}}&lt;/ref&gt; Туһа уласиинь Мамлюкай хоёр хуули засагай түб [[Каир]], [[Дамаск|Дамаскын]] хоорондо байрладаг байһан ба энэ хоёр хотые холбодог почтын замын дагуу хүгжэһэн юм.
[[Файл:Ramban_shul.jpg|мини|13-р зуунай Иерусалимдахи [[Рамбан Синагого]]]]

=== Сионизм ба Британиин Мандат ===
{{main|Сионизм|Ишув|Иерусалимай Мутасаррифат|Палестинын Мандат|Британиин Палестинын Мандат (хуули ёhоной документ)}}{{further|Бальфурай тунхаглал|Палестинын мандатдахи олониитэ хоорондын зүришэл}}
[[Файл:THEODOR_HERZL_AT_THE_FIRST_ZIONIST_CONGRESS_IN_BASEL_ON_25.8.1897._תאודור_הרצל_בקונגרס_הציוני_הראשון_-_1897.8.25.jpg|мини|[[Анханай Сионистска Конгресс]] (1897) [[Базель]], [[Швейцари]]]]
Хамагай эртэ сагай [[еврей диаспора]] бии болоһонһоо хойшо олон еврейшүүд &quot;Сион&quot; ба &quot;Израилиин нютаг&quot; руу [[Алия|бусажа ошохые]] эрмэлзэжэ байһан,&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Rosenzweig|1997|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=wKuU3ZBS7gEC&amp;pg=PA1 1]}} &quot;Zionism, the urge of the Jewish people to return to Palestine, is almost as ancient as the Jewish diaspora itself. Some Talmudic statements ... Almost a millennium later, the poet and philosopher Yehuda Halevi ... In the 19th century&amp;nbsp;...&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; гэбэш иимэ зорилгодо хүрэхын тулада хэрэ ехэ хүшэн шармайлга гаргахань арсалдаантай асуудал байба.&lt;ref name=&quot;Return_to_Zion&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|url=http://www.answers.com/topic/return-to-zion|title=Return to Zion|editor=Geoffrey Wigoder, G.G.|journal=The New Encyclopedia of Judaism|via=[[Answers.com]]|access-date=8 March 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/959229.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100418192523/http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/959229.html|archive-date=18 April 2010|title=An invention called 'the Jewish people'|newspaper=Haaretz|access-date=9 March 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; Сүлэлгэндэ амидардаг еврейшүүдэй этигэл найдабари, хүсэлиинь еврейшүүдэй этигэл шүтэлгын системын шухала тема юм.&lt;ref name=&quot;Return_to_Zion&quot; /&gt; Еврейшүүдые 1492 ондо [[Альгамбрын зарлиг|Испаниһаа намнан гаргалгын]] дараа зарим бүлгэмүүд Палестинда hуурижаһан.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Gilbert|2005|p=2}}. &quot;Jews sought a new homeland here after their expulsions from Spain (1492)&amp;nbsp;...&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; 16-р зуунай үедэ еврейшүүд [[Иерусалим]], [[Тиберия]], [[Хеврон]], [[Цфат]] гэһэн [[Иудаизмын арюун хотонууд|дүрбэн арюун хотонуудта]] үндэhэ hууриа табижа, 1697 ондо Йеһуда Хачасид раввин 1500 еврейшүүдэй бүлэгые Иерусалим руу ударидаба.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=Miraculous journey: a complete history of the Jewish people from creation to the present|last=Eisen|first=Yosef|year=2004|publisher=Targum Press|isbn=978-1-56871-323-6|page=700}}&lt;/ref&gt; 18-р зуунай хоёрдугаар хахадта [[Перушим]] гэгдэдэг [[Хасидизм|Хасидизмые]] эсэргүүсэжэ байһан Зүүн Европын [[Миснагедууд|эсэргүүсэгшэд]] Палестинда һуурижажээ.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=Hastening redemption: Messianism and the resettlement of the land of Israel|last=Morgenstern|first=Arie|year=2006|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-530578-4|page=304}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=The Jews in Palestine in the Eighteenth Century: Under the Patronage of the Istanbul committee of Officials for Palestine|last=Barnai|first=Jacob|year=1992|publisher=University Alabama Press|isbn=978-0-8173-0572-7|page=320}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Анханай алия|Анханай Алия]] гэжэ нэрлэгдэдэг [[Урда Сири|Османай эзэнтэ гүрэнэй Палестина руу]] мүнөөнэй еврейшүүдэй нүүдэлэй анханай долгёон 1881 ондо Зүүн Европын еврейшүүд [[Погром|хюдалгаһаа]] зугадажа ерэхэдэ эхилһэн.&lt;ref name=&quot;aliyot&quot;&gt;{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Immigration/immigtoc.html|encyclopedia=Jewish Virtual Library|access-date=29 March 2012|title=Immigration to Israel}} The source provides information on the First, Second, Third, Fourth and Fifth Aliyot in their respective articles. The White Paper leading to Aliyah Bet is discussed {{cite web|url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Immigration/Aliyah_during_war.html|title=Aliyah During World War II and its Aftermath}}&lt;/ref&gt; Анханай алия Палестиндахи еврейшүүдэй үргэн сэлеэнэй һууриие табиһан. 1881-1903 онуудта еврейшүүд олон арбан һуурин газар байгуулжа, 350,000 [[дунам]] газар худалдажа абаһан байба. Палестиндахи еврейшүүдэй дунда [[Иврит хэлэнэй һэргээлгэ|иврит хэлэные һэргээхэ]] ажал эхилһэн ба 1881 ондо Иерусалимда һуурижаһан Орос гаралтай еврей [[Элиезер Бен-Йеһуда]] нилээд түлхисэ үгэшээ. Еврейшүүдые бусад хэлэнэй орондо еврей хэлээр ярихые уряалжа, еврей һургуулиин системэ бии боложо, шэнэ үгэ зохёожо гү, али мүнөөнэй шэнэ бүтээл, ойлгосодо зорюулжа бусад хэлэнһээ зээлжэ абаба. Үүнэй үрэ дүндэ иврит хэлэн аажамаар Палестинын еврейшүүдэй бүлгэмэй диилэнхи хэлэн боложо, энэ хүрэтэр иврит хэлые шажанай зорилгоор, өөр хэлэ шэнжэлэлэй бүлгэмүүдтэ хубаагдажа байһан өөр өөр түрэлхи хэлэтэй еврейшүүдэй харилсаанай хэрэгсэл байжээ. 

Сионист хүдэлөөн бодото амидарал дээр али хэдэй оршожо байһаншье [[Австри-Унгар|Австри-Унгарай]] журналист [[Теодор Герцль]] Израилиин Нютаг дээр [[Еврейн улас]] байгуулхые эрмэлзэжэ байһан улас түрын сионизмые байгуулһан,&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Kornberg|1993}} &quot;How did Theodor Herzl, an assimilated German nationalist in the 1880s, suddenly in the 1890s become the founder of Zionism?&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; уламаар тухайн үеын бусад үндэһэнэй проектуудай зорилго, ололто амжалтын дагуу Европын уласуудай [[Еврейскэ асуудал|Еврейшүүдэй асуудалай]] шиидэлгые һанал болгоһон гэжэ үзэдэг.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Herzl|1946|p=11}}&lt;/ref&gt; 1896 ондо Герцль ерээдүйн Еврейн уласай талаар аласай хараагаа һанал болгожо ''[[Der Judenstaat]]'' (''Еврейн улас'') хэблүүлбэ, дараа жэлэнь [[Швейцари|Швейцариин]] [[Базель]] хотодо болоһон [[Анханай Сионистска Конгресс|Анханай Сионистска Конгрессые]] түрүүлэгшэ байба.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Chapter One|url=http://www.jewishagency.org/israel/content/23396|website=The Jewish Agency for Israel1|access-date=21 September 2015|date=21 July 2005|accessdate=17 July 2021|archivedate=10 December 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181210124104/http://www.jewishagency.org/israel/content/23396}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Хоёрдугаар алия|Хоёрдугаар Алия]] (1904–14), [[Кишинэугэй погром|Кишинэугэй хюдалгын]] дараа эхилһэн; 40,000 оршон еврейшүүд Палестинда һуурижаһан болобош бараг тала хубинь ябажээ.&lt;ref name=&quot;aliyot&quot; /&gt; Сагаашадай нэгэ ба хоёрдохи долгёониинь [[Ортодоксальна Иудаизм|Ортодокс еврейшүүд]] байһан болобош,&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Stein|2003|p=88}}. &quot;As with the First Aliyah, most Second Aliyah migrants were non-Zionist orthodox Jews&amp;nbsp;...&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; Хоёрдугаар Алияда [[Кибуц|''кибуц'']] хүдэлөөные байгуулһан [[Социалис Сионизм|социалис]] бүлгэмүүд багтажа байба.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Romano|2003|p=30}}&lt;/ref&gt; Хоёрдугаар Алиягай сагаашад олониитын хүдөө ажахын һууриные бии болгохые шармайжа байһан болобош 1909 ондо [[Тель-Авив]] хотые &quot;анханай Еврей хото&quot; гэжэ байгуулһан. Энэ үедэ Еврейшүүдэй өөрыгөө хамгаалха байгуулганууд Еврейн һуурингуудые хамгаалха хэрэгсэл болон гарша ирэжээ. Анханай иимэ байгуулгань 1907 ондо байгуулагдаһан жэжэг нюуса харуул [[Бар-Гиора (байгуулга)|Бар-Гиора]] байба. Хоёр жэлэй дараа түүнэй орондо томоохон [[Хашомер]] байгуулга байгуулагдажээ. [[Дэлхэйн нэгэдүгээр дайн|Дэлхэйн 1-р Дайнай]] үеэр Британиин Гадаада хэрэгэй Министр [[Артур Бальфур]] Британиин еврейшүүдэй бүлгэмэй ударидагша [[Лайонел Ротшильд|Ротшильд барондо]] (Вольтер Ротшильд, 2-р Ротшильд Барон) руу Бальфурай тунхаглалые эльгээжэ, Ехэ Британиинь Палестинда еврейшүүдэй &quot;[[Еврей хүнүүдэй эхэ орон|үндэһэнэй гэр]]&quot;-иие бии болгохо зорилготой байгаа гэжэ мэдэгдэжэ.&lt;ref name=&quot;macintyre&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last=Macintyre|first=Donald|title=The birth of modern Israel: A scrap of paper that changed history|work=The Independent|access-date=20 March 2012|date=26 May 2005|url=http://maof.rjews.net/english/37-english/19351-the-birth-of-modern-israel-a-scrap-of-paper-that-changed-history|accessdate=17 July 2021|archivedate=14 November 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121114031304/http://maof.rjews.net/english/37-english/19351-the-birth-of-modern-israel-a-scrap-of-paper-that-changed-history}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=The Making of the Modern Near East 1792–1923|last=Yapp|first=M.E.|author-link=Malcolm Yapp|year=1987|publisher=Longman|location=Harlow, England|isbn=978-0-582-49380-3|page=[https://archive.org/details/makingofmodern00yapp/page/290 290]|url=https://archive.org/details/makingofmodern00yapp/page/290}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

1918 ондо [[Еврейн легион]] буюу үндэһэндээ Сионист һайн дураараа ябагшадай бүлэглэл [[Синай ба Палестинын кампани|Палестиные эзэлэн абахада]] туһаламжа үзүүлһэн.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite encyclopedia|title=Jewish Legion|encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia Judaica|url=http://go.galegroup.com/ps/anonymous?id=GALE%7CCX2587510141|year=2007|location=Detroit|publisher=Macmillan Reference|access-date=6 August 2014|first=Joseph B.|last=Schechtman|page=304|volume=11}}&lt;/ref&gt; Британиин засаглал, Еврей сагаашадай эсэргүү Арабай эсэргүүсэлиинь [[1920 ондо Палестинын үймөөн]] дэгдээжэ, Хашомерын дэбжэлтын үрэ дүндэ 1920 ондо [[Һагана]] (Иврит хэлээр &quot;Хамгаалга&quot; гэһэн удхатай) хэмээхэ Еврей сэрэгэй бүлэглэл байгуулхадай хүргэһэн ба энэһээ [[Иргун]], [[Лехи]] гэһэн сэрэгэй бүлэглэлүүд һалаһан юм.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Scharfstein|1996|p=269}}. &quot;During the First and Second Aliyot, there were many Arab attacks against Jewish settlements ... In 1920, [[Hashomer]] was disbanded and [[Haganah]] (&quot;The Defense&quot;) was established.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; 1922 ондо [[Үндэһэтэнүүдэй Лигэ]]нь Ехэ Британида [[Британиин Палестинын Мандат (хуули ёhоной документ)|Палестинын Мандатые]] олгобо.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|url=http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1922mandate.html|title=League of Nations: The Mandate for Palestine, July 24, 1922|journal=Modern History Sourcebook|date=24 July 1922|access-date=27 August 2007}} {{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1922mandate.html |accessdate=17 July 2021 |archivedate=4 August 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110804221156/http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1922mandate.html }}&lt;/ref&gt; Энэ үеын хүн зониинь үлүү ехэ Арабай лалын шажантад байһан ба Еврейшүүд 11 оршон хуби,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Shaw|first1=J.V.W.|title=A Survey of Palestine|edition=Reprint|postscript=. Volume I: Prepared in December 1945 and January 1946 for the information of the Anglo-American Committee of Inquiry|year=1991|orig-year=1946|publisher=Institute for Palestine Studies|location=Washington, DC|isbn=978-0-88728-213-3|oclc=22345421|page=148|chapter=Chapter VI: Population|lay-url=http://www.palestine-studies.org/books.aspx?id=543&amp;href=details}}&lt;/ref&gt; Арабай христосой шажантад ниитэ хүн зоной 9.5%-иие эзэлжэ байба.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Report to the League of Nations on Palestine and Transjordan, 1937|publisher=British Government|year=1937|access-date=14 July 2013|url=https://unispal.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/0/7BDD2C11C15B54C2052565D10057251E|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130923061547/http://unispal.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/0/7BDD2C11C15B54C2052565D10057251E|archive-date=23 September 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

[[Гурбадугаар алия|Гурбадугаар]] (1919–23) ба [[Дүрбэдүгээр алия]] (1924–29) Палестинда 100,000 еврейшүүдые нэмэжэ асарһан.&lt;ref name=&quot;aliyot&quot; /&gt; [[Адольф Һитлерэй дэбжэлтэ|Нацисай дэбжэлтэ]], 1930-д оной Европодо еврейшүүдые харшалалга ябадал улам бүри нэмэгдэжэ байһаниинь [[Табадугаар алия]] болоходо хүргэжэ, дүрбэнэй нэгэ сая еврейшүүд иммигрировалһан. Энэнь еврейшүүдэй нүүн ерэлгэ, газар худалдажа абахада харюу үйлэ үзүүлхэ зорилгоор эхилһэн [[Арабай восстани (1936—1939)|1936–39 оной Арабай восстаниин]] гол шалтагаан байба. Хэдэн зуун Еврейшүүд ба Британиин аюулгүй байдалай ажалтанууд алагдаһан Ехэ Британиин Мандатын эрхэ баригшада Һагана, Иргун гэхэ сионист зэбсэгтэ бүлэглэлүүдэй хамта 5032 арабые алажа, 14760 хүниие шархатуулһанай,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url={{Google books|hEt5PWCTMJMC|page=PA374|keywords=irgun%20and%20haganah%20in%20the%201936 riots|text=irgun+and+haganah+in+the+1936+riots|plainurl=yes}}|title=A History of Zionism: From the French Revolution to the Establishment of the State of Israel|access-date=15 October 2015|publisher=Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group|author=Walter Laqueur|year=2009|isbn=978-0-307-53085-1}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Hughes|first1=M|year=2009|title=The banality of brutality: British armed forces and the repression of the Arab Revolt in Palestine, 1936–39|url=http://v-scheiner.brunel.ac.uk/bitstream/2438/7251/4/The%20banality%20of%20brutality.pdf|journal=English Historical Review|volume=CXXIV|issue=507|pages=314–354|doi=10.1093/ehr/cep002|url-status=bot: unknown|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160221163210/http://v-scheiner.brunel.ac.uk/bitstream/2438/7251/4/The%20banality%20of%20brutality.pdf|archive-date=21 February 2016|df=dmy-all}} {{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://v-scheiner.brunel.ac.uk/bitstream/2438/7251/4/The%20banality%20of%20brutality.pdf |accessdate=17 July 2021 |archivedate=21 February 2016 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160221163210/http://v-scheiner.brunel.ac.uk/bitstream/2438/7251/4/The%20banality%20of%20brutality.pdf }}&lt;/ref&gt; үрэ дүндэ [[Палестинашууд|Палестинын Арабай]] хүн зоной наһанда хүрэгшэдэй арба гаруй хубинь алагдажа, шархатаһан, түрмэдэ хоригдоһон гү, али сүлэгдэһэн байба.&lt;ref&gt;[[Walid Khalidi|Khalidi, Walid]] (1987). ''From Haven to Conquest: Readings in Zionism and the Palestine Problem Until 1948''. Institute for Palestine Studies. {{ISBN|978-0-88728-155-6}}&lt;/ref&gt; Британишууд [[1939 оной Сагаан Ном|1939 оной Сагаан Номоор]] Палестина руу Еврешүүдэй нүүн ерэлгэдэ хизаарлалта табиһан. Дэлхэйн улас оронууд [[Холокост|Холокостһоо]] дүрбэн гарша ерэһэн [[Еврей тэрьедэгшэд|Еврей тэрьедэгшые]] бусаахда Палестинда еврейшүүдые хүргэхэ зорилгоор Алия Бет гэжэ нэрлэгдэдэг нюуса хүдэлөөные зохёон байгуулба.&lt;ref name=&quot;aliyot&quot; /&gt; [[Дэлхэйн хоёрдугаар дайн|Дэлхэйн 2-р дайнай]] түгэсхэлдэ Палестинын Еврей хүн зон ниитэ хүн зоной 31% боложо ехэдхэжээ.&lt;ref&gt;Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics, Village Statistics, 1945.&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Газар зүй ба оршон тойрон байдал ==
{{Main|Израилиин газар зүй|Израилиин фауна}}
{{Israel Geographical Map}}
{{multiple image|caption_align=center|total_width=220|image1=Satellite image of Israel in January 2003.jpg|width1=727|height1=1731|image2=Israel at night.jpg|width2=425|height2=934|footer=Үдэр (зүүн) ба һүниин сагай (баруун) Израиль болон хүршэ нютаг дэбисхэрэй [[Хэмэл дахуулай фотосъёмко|хэмэл дахуулай зурагууд]]}}

Израилиинь [[Үрэжэлтэй Хэлтэгы һара]]да хабиин [[Левант|Левантда]] байрладаг. Туһа уласиинь [[Газарай дундада тэнгис|Газарай дундада тэнгисэй]] [[Зүүн Газарай дундада тэнгис|зүүн түгэсхэлдэ]], хойто талаараа Ливан, зүүн хойто талаараа Сири, зүүн талаараа Йордан ба Баруун эрье, баруун урда хэһэгтэ Египет ба Газын хэлтэсээр хизаарлагдадаг. Энэнь [[29-р хойто параллель|29°]] ба [[34-р хойто параллель|34° хойто]] үргэригүүд, [[34-р зүүн меридиан|34°]] ба [[36-р зүүн меридиан|36° зүүн]] утаригуудай хоорондо байрладаг.

Израилиин сувереннэ газар нютаг ([[1949 оной Зуурын эблэрэлэй хэлсээн|1949 оной Зуурын эблэрэлэй хэлсээнэй]] демаркационно хилые харгалзан, 1967 оной [[Зургаан Үдэрэй дайн|Зургаан Үдэрэй дайнай]] үеэр Израилиин эзэлжэ абаһан бүхы нютаг дэбисхэриие эсэ тоособол) 20,770 хабтагай дүрбэлжэн км талмайтай ба хоёр хубинь уһан юм.&lt;ref name=&quot;cia&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/israel/|title=Israel|website=The World Factbook|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|access-date=5 January 2017|accessdate=11 July 2021|archivedate=9 January 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109203809/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/israel}}&lt;/ref&gt; Гэбэшье Израилиинь маша нариихан (хамагай үргэниинь 100 км, хойноһоо урагша 400 км-тэй сасуулхада) Газарай дундада тэнгисдэхи [[Эдэй засагай онсогой бүһэ|эдэй засагай онсогой бүһэнь]] Израилиин газар нютагһаа хоёр дахин ехэ юм.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/israel-navy-to-devote-majority-of-missile-boats-to-secure-offshore-drilling-rafts-1.406203|title=Israel Navy to devote majority of missile boats to secure offshore drilling rafts|first=Gili|last=Cohen|date=9 January 2012|newspaper=Haaretz}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Зүүн Иерусалим]], [[Голанай үндэрлиг|Голанай үндэрлигые]] оролсуулан Израилиин хуули тогтоомжын дагуу ниитэ талмайнь 22,072 хабтагай дүрбэлжэн км,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.cbs.gov.il/reader/shnaton/templ_shnaton_e.html?num_tab=st01_01&amp;CYear=2012|title=Area of Districts, Sub-Districts, Natural Regions and Lakes|date=11 September 2012|publisher=Israel Central Bureau of Statistics|access-date=13 June 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; ба [[Баруун эрэг|Баруун эрэгэй]] сэрэгэй хиналтатай, зарим хубиин [[Палестинын Үндэһэнэй Захиргаа|Палестинын мэдэлдэ]] байдаг газар нютагые оролсуулан, Израилиин мэдэлдэ байгаа ниитэ талмайнь 27,799 хабтагай дүрбэлжэн км юм.&lt;ref name=&quot;loc-geo&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|url=http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/iltoc.html|date=7 May 2009|title=Israel (Geography)|journal=Country Studies|access-date=12 February 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Жэжэг хэмжээтэйшье Израилиинь урда хэсэгтэ оршохо [[Негев]] сүлһээ эхилээд хуурай газарай үрэжэлтэй [[Изреелиин хүнхэр]], [[Галилеа]], [[Кармель уула|Кармелиин]] хадын шэлэнүүд, хойто зүгтэ [[Голанай үндэрлиг|Голан]] хүрэтэр географиин объекттэй. Газарай дундада тэнгисэй эрье дээрхи [[Израилиин эрье шадарай тала газар|Израилиин эрье шадарай тала газарта]] Израилиин хүн зоной ехэнхинь амидардаг.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://goisrael.com/Tourism_Eng/Tourist%20Information/Discover%20Israel/Geographic%20Regions/pages/The%20coastal%20plain.aspx|title=The Coastal Plain|publisher=Israel Ministry of Tourism|access-date=6 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170107171405/http://goisrael.com/Tourism_Eng/Tourist%20Information/Discover%20Israel/Geographic%20Regions/pages/The%20coastal%20plain.aspx|archive-date=7 January 2017|url-status=dead|accessdate=16 July 2021|archivedate=7 January 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170107171405/http://goisrael.com/Tourism_Eng/Tourist%20Information/Discover%20Israel/Geographic%20Regions/pages/The%20coastal%20plain.aspx}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Хүн зон ==
{{Main|Израилиин хүн зон|Израилшууд}}
[[Файл:Israelpop.svg|мини|Израилиин хүн зоной пирамид]]
2021 оной байдалаар Израилиин хүн зон 9,369,630 оршон байһан ба тэдэнһээ 74,2% нь эрхэтэнэй засагай газар [[Израилиин Еврейшүүд|еврей]] гэжэ регистрировалһан байна.&lt;ref name=&quot;population_stat2019&quot;&gt;{{cite report|url=https://www.cbs.gov.il/he/mediarelease/DocLib/2019/134/11_19_134b.pdf|title=Israel's Independence Day 2019|date=6 May 2019|publisher=Israel Central Bureau of Statistics|access-date=7 May 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Израилиин Араб эрхэт|Арабууд]] хүн зоной 20.9%-ие эзэлжэ байһан Араб бэшэ христосой шажантанууд болон шажангүй хүнүүд 4.8%-ие эзэлжэ байна.&lt;ref name=&quot;population_stat2019&quot; /&gt; Һүүлэй арбан жэлэй хугасаанда [[Румыни]], [[Тайланд]], [[Бүгэдэ Найрамдаха Хитад Арад Улас|Хитад]], Африка, Урда Америкын олон тооной сагааша ажалшад Израильда һуурижаһан. Тэдэнэрэй олонхинь Израильда хуули буһаар амидарша байгаа тула бодото тоо баримта тодорхойгүй байна,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.irinnews.org/Report/85270/ISRAEL-Crackdown-on-illegal-migrants-and-visa-violators|title=ISRAEL: Crackdown on illegal migrants and visa violators|newspaper=IRIN|date=14 July 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt; гэбэшье 166,000-һаа&lt;ref name=&quot;population_stat2019&quot; /&gt; 203,000 хүрэтэр гэһэн тоо баримта байдаг.&lt;ref name=&quot;Adriana Kemp&quot;&gt;Adriana Kemp, &quot;Labour migration and racialisation: labour market mechanisms and labour migration control policies in Israel&quot;, ''Social Identities'' 10:2, 267–292, 2004&lt;/ref&gt; 2012 оной 6 һара гэхэдэ 60,000 шахуу Африка сагаашад Израильда нэбтэрһэн байна.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-israel-africans-idUSBRE85A0VI20120611|title=Israel rounds up African migrants for deportation|newspaper=Reuters|date=11 June 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Израилшуудай 92 шахуу хубинь хото һуурин газарта амидардаг.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://mfa.gov.il/MFA/AboutIsrael/Land/Pages/THE%20LAND-%20Urban%20Life.aspx|publisher=Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs|title=The Land: Urban Life|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130607003443/http://www.mfa.gov.il/mfa/aboutisrael/land/pages/the%20land-%20urban%20life.aspx|archive-date=7 June 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[ЭЗХАХБ|ЭЗХАХБ-һаа]] 2016 ондо ниитэлһэн мэдээсэлээр израилшуудай [[Дундажа наһалалта|дундажа наһалалтые]] 82.5 жэл гэжэ тоосожо, дэлхэйдэ 6-р байрада жагсаба.&lt;ref name=&quot;OECD_life_expec&quot; /&gt;

Израилиинь [[Еврей хүнүүдэй эхэ орон|еврейшүүдэй эхэ орон]] боложо байгуулагдаһан ба ходо [[еврейн улас]] гэжэ нэрлэгдэдэг. Израиль уласай [[Бусалга тухай Хуули|Бусалга тухай Хуулиар]] бүхэ еврей болон еврей гаралтай хүнүүдтэ [[Израилиин гражданство]] абаха эрхые олгодог.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.knesset.gov.il/laws/special/eng/return.htm|publisher=Knesset|title=The Law of Return|access-date=14 August 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051127033448/http://www.irac.org/article_e.asp?artid=199|archive-date=27 November 2005}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Хотоной үндэһэн районууд ===
{{wide image|Tel Aviv Panorama.jpg|1000px|}}{{Largest cities of Israel}}

== Засагай газар ба улас түрэ ==

=== Захиргаанай хубаалга ===
{{Main|Израилиин Дүүргэнүүд}}
{{Israel Labelled Map}}

Израиль уласынь засаг захиргаанай зургаан [[Израилиин дүүргэнүүд|дүүргэдэ]] (Еврей: מחוזות‎) хубаагдадаг – [[Түб дүүргэ (Израиль)|Түб]], [[Һайфа дүүргэ|Һайфа]], [[Иерусалим дүүргэ|Иерусалим]], [[Хойто дүүргэ (Израиль)|Хойто]], [[Урда дүүргэ (Израиль)|Урда]] ба [[Тель-Авив дүүргэ|Тель-Авив дүүргэнүүд]] мүн [[Баруун эрье|Баруун эрьедэхи]] [[Иудея ба Самари можо]] юм. Бүхэ Иудея ба Самари можо болон Иерусалим, Хойто дүүргын зарим хэһэгые Израилиин нэгэ хэһэг гэжэ олон уласта хүлеэн зүбшөөрдөггүй. Дүүргэнүүдые нафот (Еврей: נפות‎) гэжэ нэрлэһэн 15 дид хэһэгтэ хубаадаг.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=Central Bureau of Statistics|title=Introduction to the Tables: Geophysical Characteristics|url=http://www.cbs.gov.il/shnaton53/download/st_eng01.doc|format=doc|access-date=4 September 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110221195435/http://www.cbs.gov.il/shnaton53/download/st_eng01.doc|archive-date=21 February 2011|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Дүүргэ
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ниислэл
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Томоохон хото
! colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Хүн зон&lt;ref name=&quot;districts_pop&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.cbs.gov.il/reader/shnaton/templ_shnaton_e.html?num_tab=st02_17&amp;CYear=2017|title=Localities and Population, by Population Group, District, Sub-District and Natural Region|date=6 September 2017|publisher=Israel Central Bureau of Statistics|access-date=19 September 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
!Еврейшүүд
!Арабууд
!Ниитэ
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |тэмдэглэл
|-
![[Иерусалим Дүүргэ|Иерусалим]]
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Иерусалим]]
| style=&quot;text-align:right&quot; |{{percentage|721300|1083300}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right&quot; |{{percentage|344500|1083300}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right&quot; |{{sort|1083300|1,083,300}}
|{{ref|jerusalemdistrict|a}}
|-
![[Хойто Дүүргэ (Израиль)|Хойто]]
|[[Ноф-ха-Галиль]]
|[[Назарет]]
| style=&quot;text-align:right&quot; |{{percentage|603400|1401300}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right&quot; |{{percentage|752700|1401300}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right&quot; |{{sort|1401300|1,401,300}}
|
|-
![[Һайфа Дүүргэ|Һайфа]]
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Һайфа]]
| style=&quot;text-align:right&quot; |{{percentage|679400|996300}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right&quot; |{{percentage|255100|996300}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right&quot; |{{sort|0996300|996,300}}
|
|-
![[Түб Дүүргэ (Израиль)|Түб]]
|[[Рамла]]
|[[Ришон-ле-Цион]]
| style=&quot;text-align:right&quot; |{{percentage|1852400|2115800}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right&quot; |{{percentage|172700|2115800}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right&quot; |{{sort|2115800|2,115,800}}
|
|-
![[Тель-Авив Дүүргэ|Тель-Авив]]
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Тель-Авив]]
| style=&quot;text-align:right&quot; |{{percentage|1289500|1388400}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right&quot; |{{percentage|20900|1388400}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right&quot; |{{sort|1388400|1,388,400}}
|
|-
![[Урда Дүүргэ (Израиль)|Урда]]
|[[Беэр-Шева]]
|[[Ашдод]]
| style=&quot;text-align:right&quot; |{{percentage|909200|1244200}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right&quot; |{{percentage|250800|1244200}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right&quot; |{{sort|1244200|1,244,200}}
|
|-
![[Иудея ба Самари Можо|Иудея ба Самари Можо]]
|[[Ариэль (хото)|Ариэль]]
|[[Модиин-Илит]]
| style=&quot;text-align:right&quot; |{{percentage|391000|399300}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right&quot; |{{percentage|600|399300}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right&quot; |{{sort|0399300|399,300}}
|{{ref|judeaandsamaria|b}}
|}

: {{note|jerusalemdistrict|a}} [[Зүүн Иерусалим|Зүүн Иерусалимдахи]] 200,000 еврей, 300,000 арабуудые оруулалсаад.&lt;ref name=&quot;jerusalem_pop&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.jerusaleminstitute.org.il/.upload/yearbook/2017/shnaton_C1017.pdf|title=Population of Jerusalem, by Age, Religion and Geographical Spreading, 2015|publisher=Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies|access-date=19 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170924044837/http://www.jerusaleminstitute.org.il/.upload/yearbook/2017/shnaton_C1017.pdf|archive-date=24 September 2017|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
: {{note|judeaandsamaria|b}} Зүбхэн Израилиин эрхэтэд.

=== Тусхай түхэлэй һуурин ===

* [[Бүлгэмэй сэлеэн]]
* [[Еврейн нютаг]]
* [[Кибуц]]
* [[Квуца]]
* [[Мошав]]
* [[Мошава]]

=== Израилиин эзэмдэһэн газар нютаг ===
{{Main|Израилиин эзэмдэһэн газар нютаг|Баруун эрьеын Израилиин оккупаци}}
[[Файл:Map of Israel, neighbours and occupied territories-en.svg|thumb|300px|Баруун эрьеын, Газын хэлтэс, Голанай үндэрлигые харуулһан Израилиин карта]]
{{Israeli occupations navbox}} {{Administration in the Palestine region}}
1967 ондо [[Зургаан Үдэрэй дайн|Зургаан Үдэрэй дайнай]] үрэ дүндэ Израиль Зүүн Иерусалим, Газын хэлтэс, Голанай үндэрлиг ба Баруун эрьеэ эзэлжэ абаһан.

== Эдэй засаг ==
{{Main|Израилиин Эдэй засаг}}
[[Файл:View_of_Diamond_Exchange_Center_from_Azrieli_Center.jpg|слева|мини|[[Рамат-Ган]]дахи [[Алмазай биржын дүүргэ]]]]
Израилиинь [[Баруун Ази]], [[Дунда Дурна|Ойрохи Дурнын]] эдэй засаг, ажа үйлэдбэриин хүгжөөлгөөрөө хамагай дэбжэлтэтэ орон гэжэ тоосогдодог.&lt;ref name=&quot;Chua 2003 219–220&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=World On Fire|last=Chua|first=Amy|publisher=Knopf Doubleday Publishing|year=2003|isbn=978-0-385-72186-8|pages=[https://archive.org/details/worldonfirehowex00chua_0/page/219 219–220]|url=https://archive.org/details/worldonfirehowex00chua_0/page/219}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url={{Google books|Up_7Bh8SbDcC|page=|keywords=%22israel+is+the+most+industrialized%22|text=%22israel+is+the+most+industrialized%22|plainurl=yes}}|title=Northern and Western Asia|isbn=978-0-8225-2915-6|last1=Bramwell|first1=Martyn|year=2000}}&lt;/ref&gt; Израилиин шанартай [[Израилиин ехэ һургуули ба коллежуудай жагсаалта|ехэ һургуулиин болбосорол]], үндэр хүсэл эрмэлзэлтэй, болбосоролтой хүн зониие бүридэлгэнь улас ороной үндэр технологиин хүгжэлтэ эдэй засагай хурдатай хүгжэлгые дэмжэдэг гол хэрэгсэл юм.&lt;ref name=&quot;David Adler&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://monitor.icef.com/2014/03/ambitious-israeli-students-look-to-top-institutions-abroad/|title=Ambitious Israeli students look to top institutions abroad|publisher=ICEF|date=10 March 2014|access-date=20 January 2015|author=David Adler}}&lt;/ref&gt; 2010 ондо [[ЭЗХАХБ|ЭЗХАХБ-да]] ороһон.&lt;ref name=&quot;OECD&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.oecd.org/general/listofoecdmembercountries-ratificationoftheconventionontheoecd.htm|title=List of OECD Member countries&amp;nbsp;— Ratification of the Convention on the OECD|publisher=Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development|access-date=12 August 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Израиль улас [[Дэлхэйн Эдэй Засагай Форум|Дэлхэйн Эдэй Засагай Форумһаа]] гаргаһан ''[[Дэлхэйн Үрдилдэхэ Шадабариин Тоосоон|Дэлхэйн Үрдилдэхэ Шадабариин Тоосоондо]]'' 16-да,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite report|last=Schwab|first=Klaus|author-link=Klaus Schwab|date=2017|title=The Global Competitiveness Report 2017–2018|url=http://www3.weforum.org/docs/GCR2017-2018/05FullReport/TheGlobalCompetitivenessReport2017%E2%80%932018.pdf|publisher=World Economic Forum|access-date=17 November 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Дэлхэйн Банк|Дэлхэйн Банкһаа]] [[Бизнес Эрхилхэдэ Хилбар Байдалай Индекс|''Бизнес Эрхилхэдэ Хилбар Байдалай'' Индексээр]] 54-тэ жагсаһан.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.doingbusiness.org/data/exploreeconomies/israel|title=Doing Business in Israel|publisher=World Bank Group|access-date=17 November 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Үндэр ур шадабаритай ажал эрхилдэг хүнүүдэй эзэлхэ хуби хэмжээгээр Израиль дэлхэйдэ 5-р байранда жагсаба.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://reports.weforum.org/global-human-capital-report-2017/dataexplorer/#economy=ISR|title=Global Human Capital Report 2017|date=13 September 2017|publisher=World Economic Forum|access-date=23 April 2018|accessdate=13 July 2021|archivedate=6 January 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190106091003/http://reports.weforum.org/global-human-capital-report-2017/dataexplorer/#economy=ISR}}&lt;/ref&gt; Израилиин эдэй засагай мэдээлэлынь Голанай үндэрлиг, Зүүн Иерусалим, Баруун эрэгдэхи Израилиин һуурингүүдые багтааһан Израилиин эдэй засагай нютаг дэбисхэрые хамардаг.
[[Файл:BursaTelAviv-1.jpg|мини|[[Тель-Авивай хүрэнгын биржэ]]. Онсогой байдалай үедэ биржые эдэбхитэй байлгаха үүдэнһээ системэнь газар доорохи бункертэ байрладаг компьютерэй аралжаа хэхэдэ эгээл тохиромжотой.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.jpost.com/Business/Business-News/Tel-Aviv-Stock-Exchange-inaugurates-trading-in-new-building-374766 Tel Aviv Stock Exchange inaugurates trading in new building], By GLOBES, NIV ELIS, 9 August 2014&lt;/ref&gt;]]Байгаалиин баялиг хизаарлагданги байһанша [[Израилиин хүдөө ажахы|хүдөө ажахы]], ажа үйлэдбэриин һалбари эршэмтэй хүгжэжэ, Израиль үрэ таряа, үхэрэй мяханһаа бусад хүнэһэнэй үйлэдбэрилгээр уласаа бүрин хангадаг болонхой. 2017 ондо ниитэ 66.76 тэрбум долларай үнэтэй түүхэй эд, сэрэгэй багажа зэбсэг, болбосоруулагдаагүй алмаз, түлишэ, үрэ таряа ба эд хэрэглэгшэдэй бараа зэрэгые Израильруу импортировалагдаһан.&lt;ref name=&quot;cia&quot; /&gt; Экспортын үндэһэн шэглэлдэ машина ба багажа зэбсэг, программа хангамжа, зүһэгдэһэн алмаз, хүдөө ажахын продукци, химикатууд, нэхэмэл зүйл ба хубсаһа; 2017 ондо Израилиин экспорт 60.6 тэрбум долларта хүрэһэн байна.&lt;ref name=&quot;cia&quot; /&gt; [[Израилиин Банк]] 113 тэрбум долларай гадаада валютын нөөсэтэй.&lt;ref name=&quot;cia&quot; /&gt; 1970-д онһоо хойшо Израиль АНУ-һаа [[АНУ–Израилиин сэрэгэй харилсаан|сэрэгэй туһаламжа]] абаша, зээлиин гаранти хэлбэриэр эдэй засагай туһалалсалга абаша ерэһэн ба одоо Израилиин [[Гадаада үрэ|гадаада үриин]] бараг тала хубиие эзэлжэ байна. Израилиинь дэлхэйн үндэр хүгжэлтэй оронуудай хамагай бага гадаада үритэй ба сэбэр гадаада үриин хэмжээгээр зээлидүүлэгшэ орон ба 2015 ондо 69 тэрбум долларай ашагтай байһан.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite press release|date=20 September 2015|title=Israel's International Investment Position (IIP), June 2015|url=http://www.boi.org.il/en/NewsAndPublications/PressReleases/Pages/20-09-2015-IIP-Q2.aspx|publisher=Bank of Israel|access-date=29 January 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Израилиинь дэлхэй дээр [[Стартап|стартапай]] хэмжээгээр АНУ-ай дараа хоёрдугаарта,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=Intellectual Capital for Communities: Nations, Regions, and Cities|last=Bounfour|first=Ahmed|author2=Edvinsson, Leif|year=2005|publisher=Butterworth-Heinemann|isbn=978-0-7506-7773-8|page=47 (368 pages)}}&lt;/ref&gt; NASDAQ-та регистрацитай хампааниудай тоогоор АНУ, Хятадын дараа гурбадугаарта ороһон.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite magazine|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/richardbehar/2016/05/11/inside-israels-secret-startup-machine/|title=Inside Israel's Secret Startup Machine|magazine=Forbes|date=11 May 2016|access-date=30 October 2016|author=Richard Behar}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Intel]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.jpost.com/Business/BusinessNews/Article.aspx?id=52876|newspaper=The Jerusalem Post|date=27 February 2007|access-date=20 March 2012|title=Intel to expand Jerusalem R&amp;D|last=Krawitz|first=Avi}}&lt;/ref&gt; ба [[Microsoft]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.microsoftrnd.co.il/about/leadership|publisher=Microsoft|access-date=19 March 2012|title=Microsoft Israel R&amp;D center: Leadership|quote=Avi returned to Israel in 1991, and established the first Microsoft R&amp;D Center outside the US&amp;nbsp;...|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120313223906/http://www.microsoftrnd.co.il/about/leadership|archive-date=13 March 2012|accessdate=19 July 2021|archivedate=13 March 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120313223906/http://www.microsoftrnd.co.il/about/leadership}}&lt;/ref&gt; нар Израильда анханай гадаадын научно-шэнжэлэлгын центрээ бариһан ба [[IBM]], [[Google]], [[Apple]], [[Hewlett-Packard]], [[Cisco Systems]], [[Facebook]] ба [[Motorola]] зэрэг бусад үндэр технологиин олон үндэһэнэй корпорациуд шэнжэлэл, бэлэдхэлгын центрүүдээ Израильда нээһэн юм. 2007 ондо Америкын зөөри оруулагша [[Уоррен Баффет|Уоррен Баффетай]] [[Berkshire Hathaway]] хампааниинь Израилиин [[Iscar]] хампааниие 4 тэрбум доллараар худалдажа абаһан.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Berkshire Announces Acquisition|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=6 May 2006|access-date=15 May 2010|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C02E7DB1F3FF935A35756C0A9609C8B63}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Израильда ажалай үдэриинь Няма гарагһаа Пүрбэ гараг хүрэтэр (5 үдэрэй [[ажалай долоон хоног]]) гү, али Баасан гарагта (6 үдэрэй ажалай долоон хоног). Баасан гарагые ажалай үдэр, хүн зоной диилэнги хубиие Еврейшүүд эзэлдэг газаруудта [[Шаббат|''Шаббатай'']] үдэрые тэмдэглэхэдээ Баасан гарагиинь &quot;богони үдэр&quot; ба жииртээ үбэлэй 14:00 саг хүрэтэр, зунай 16:00 саг хүрэтэр үргэлжэлдэг.

=== Транспорт ===
{{Main|Израилиин Транспорт}}
[[Файл:4X-ECC_LLBG_09-05-2014b.jpg|мини|[[Бен-Гурионой нэрэмжэтэ Уласхоорондын Аэропорт|Бен-Гурионой Уласхоорондын Аэропорт]]]]
Израилиинь 19,224 км хатуу хушалтатай [[Израилиин Автомашинын зам|зам]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.cbs.gov.il/reader/shnaton/templ_shnaton_e.html?num_tab=st24_10&amp;CYear=2016|title=Roads, by Length and Area|date=1 September 2016|publisher=Israel Central Bureau of Statistics|access-date=15 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; 3 сая автомашинатай.&lt;ref name=&quot;vehicles&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.cbs.gov.il/reader/newhodaot/hodaa_template.html?hodaa=201627085|title=3.09&amp;nbsp;Million Motor Vehicles in Israel in 2015|date=30 March 2016|publisher=Israel Central Bureau of Statistics|access-date=15 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; 1000 хүндэ ноогдохо автомашинын тоо 365 байгаань хүгжэнги оронуудай хубида бага юм.&lt;ref name=&quot;vehicles&quot; /&gt; Израиль улас хубаарита шэглэлдэ 5,715 автобустай,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.cbs.gov.il/shnaton60/st24_04.pdf|title=Bus Services on Scheduled Routes|year=2009|publisher=Israeli Central Bureau of Statistics|access-date=5 February 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610053142/http://www.cbs.gov.il/shnaton60/st24_04.pdf|archive-date=10 June 2011|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; ба хэдэ хэдэн транспортын обслуживани эрхилдэг ба хамагай томонь [[Эгед|Эгедиинь]] уласай ехэнхи хэсэгтэ обслуживалдаг. [[Израилиин Түмэр харгын транспорт|Түмэр харгынууд]] 1277 км үргэлжэлдэг ба зүбхэн засагай газарай [[Израилиин түмэр харгы|Израилиин Түмэр Харгы]] хампаани ажаллуулдаг.&lt;ref name=&quot;cbs_rails&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.cbs.gov.il/reader/shnaton/templ_shnaton_e.html?num_tab=st24_03&amp;CYear=2016|title=Railway Services|date=1 September 2016|publisher=Israel Central Bureau of Statistics|access-date=15 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; 1990-д оной эхиндэ ба дунда үеһээ эхилһэн Томо инвестициин дараа поездоор жэлдэ ябадаг хүнэй тоо 1990 ондо 2.5 сая байһан, харин 2015 ондо 53 сая боложо; мүн түмэр харгынууд жэлдэ 7.5 сая тонно ашаан зөөбэрилдэг.&lt;ref name=&quot;cbs_rails2&quot; /&gt;

Израильда Тель-Авивһаа ойро уласхоорондын агаарай транспортын гол түб болохо [[Бен-Гурионой нэрэмжэтэ Уласхоорондын Аэропорт|Бен-Гурионой Аэропорт]], хамагай урда хэсэгэй Эйлат боомто хотые хангадаг [[Рамоной Аэропорт]] зэргэ уласхоорондын хоёр [[Израиль дахи Аэропортын жагсаалта|аэропорт]] хангадаг. Дотоодын хэдэ хэдэн жэжэг ниидэхэ онгосын буудал байдаг.&lt;ref name=&quot;Transportation in Israel&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Economy/transport.html|title=Transportation in Israel|year=2001|publisher=Jewish Virtual Library|access-date=5 February 2010|isbn=978-0-08-043448-3|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080706184733/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Economy/transport.html|archive-date=6 July 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt; Израилиин хамагай томо аэропорт болохо, Бен-Гурион 2015 ондо 15 сая гаруй пассажир хангаба.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.iaa.gov.il/en-US/airports/bengurion/Pages/Statistics.aspx|title=Statistics|publisher=Israel Airports Authority|access-date=15 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Зүүлтэ ==
&lt;references responsive=&quot;&quot; /&gt;

== Холбоо ==
; Засагай газар
* [https://www.gov.il/en Government services and information website]
* [http://mfa.gov.il/MFA/AboutIsrael/Pages/default.aspx About Israel] at the [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Israel)|Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs]]
* [http://www.pmo.gov.il/English/Pages/default.aspx Албан ёһоной вебсайт] of the [[Prime Minister's Office (Israel)|Israel Prime Minister's Office]]
* [http://www.cbs.gov.il/reader/cw_usr_view_Folder?ID=141 Албан ёһоной вебсайт] of the [[Israel Central Bureau of Statistics]]
* [https://new.goisrael.com/ GoIsrael.com] by the [[Ministry of Tourism (Israel)|Israel Ministry of Tourism]]

; Юрэнхы мэдээлэл
* [https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/israel/ Израиль] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109203809/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/israel |date=2021-01-09 }}. ''[[The World Factbook]]''. [[Central Intelligence Agency]].
* [https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/israel Израиль], [[Jewish Virtual Library]]
* [https://www.oecd.org/israel/ Израиль], [[OECD]]
* [http://www.ifs.du.edu/ifs/frm_CountryProfile.aspx?Country=IL Key Development Forecasts for Israel] from [[International Futures]]
* {{Curlie|Regional/Middle_East/Israel}}
*{{GovPubs|Israel}}

; Картууд
* {{Wikiatlas}}
* {{OSM relation|1473946}}

{{1000 үгүүлэл}}
{{Ази}}

[[Категори:Израиль| ]]
[[Категори:1948 ондо Азида байгуулагдаhан]]
[[Категори:Араб хэлээр хэлэлсэдэг уласууд ба газар нютаг]]
[[Категори:Азиин уласууд]]
[[Категори:Зүүн Газарай дундада тэнгис]]
[[Категори:Еврейн уласууд]]
[[Категори:1948 ондо байгуулагдаhан улас ба газар нютаг]]
[[Категори:НҮБ-эй гэшүүн уласууд]]
[[Категори:Дунда Дурнын уласууд]]
[[Категори:Левант]]
[[Категори:Баруун Азиин уласууд]]
[[Категори:Палестина (бүһэ нютаг)|*]]
[[Категори:Израилиин Нютагдахи улас түрын байгуулганууд]]
[[Категори:Бүгэдэ Найрамдаха Уласууд]]</text>
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      <text bytes="18159" sha1="4cfn5hlitlnmnczf4rjt5ctakd9okcx" xml:space="preserve">{{Инфобокс улас
| conventional_long_name = Бүгэдэ Найрамдаха Словени Улас
| common_name            = Словени
| native_name            = Republika Slovenija ([[Словен хэлэн|словен]])
| image_flag             = Flag of Slovenia.svg
| image_coat             = Coat of Arms of Slovenia.svg
| symbol_type                 = {{nowrap|[[Словени уласай һүлдэ|Түрын һүлдэ]]}}
| flag_type                   = {{nowrap|[[Словени уласай туг|Түрын туг]]}}
| national_anthem        = ''[[Словени уласай түрын дуулал|Zdravljica]]''&lt;br&gt;[[File:Slovenia's national anthem, performed by the United States Navy Band.oga|center]]
| image_map              = EU-Slovenia.svg
| map_caption            = 
| image_map2             = 
| capital                = [[Файл:Blason_ville_si_Ljubljana_(Slovénie).svg|21px]] [[Любляна]]
| coordinates            = {{Coord|46|03|N|14|30|E|type:city}}
| largest_city           = capital
| official_languages     = [[Словен хэлэн|Словен]]
| languages2_type        = Мэдээжэ болоһон &lt;/br&gt;хэлэн
| languages2             = [[Словени дахи Итали хэлэн|Итали]]&lt;br&gt;[[Унгар хэлэн]]
| religion              = 77.8% [[Христосой шажан|Христос]] &lt;/br&gt;18.3% шажангүй &lt;/br&gt;3.9% бусад
| religion_year                = 2018
| religion_ref                =  &lt;ref name=&quot;EB2018&quot;&gt;{{citation|title=Eurobarometer 90.4 (December 2018): Attitudes of Europeans towards Biodiversity, Awareness and Perceptions of EU customs, and Perceptions of Antisemitism|work=[[Eurobarometer|Special Eurobarometer]]|year=2019|url=http://zacat.gesis.org/webview/index.jsp?headers=http%3A%2F%2F193.175.238.79%3A80%2Fobj%2FfVariable%2FZA7556_V204&amp;v=2&amp;stubs=http%3A%2F%2F193.175.238.79%3A80%2Fobj%2FfVariable%2FZA7556_V11&amp;weights=http%3A%2F%2F193.175.238.79%3A80%2Fobj%2FfVariable%2FZA7556_V440&amp;V204slice=1&amp;study=http%3A%2F%2F193.175.238.79%3A80%2Fobj%2FfStudy%2FZA7556&amp;charttype=null&amp;tabcontenttype=row&amp;V11slice=1&amp;V204subset=1+-+10%2C11%2C12+-+13%2C14&amp;mode=table&amp;top=yes|access-date=9 August 2019|publisher=[[European Commission]]|location=[[European Union]]|via=[[GESIS – Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences|GESIS]]}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200313212123/https://zacat.gesis.org/webview/index.jsp?headers=http%3A%2F%2F193.175.238.79%3A80%2Fobj%2FfVariable%2FZA7556_V204&amp;v=2&amp;stubs=http%3A%2F%2F193.175.238.79%3A80%2Fobj%2FfVariable%2FZA7556_V11&amp;weights=http%3A%2F%2F193.175.238.79%3A80%2Fobj%2FfVariable%2FZA7556_V440&amp;V204slice=1&amp;study=http%3A%2F%2F193.175.238.79%3A80%2Fobj%2FfStudy%2FZA7556&amp;charttype=null&amp;tabcontenttype=row&amp;V11slice=1&amp;V204subset=1+-+10%2C11%2C12+-+13%2C14&amp;mode=table&amp;top=yes |date=13 March 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| ethnic_groups          = 83.1% [[Словенүүд]] &lt;/br&gt;2.0% [[Словенидэхи сербүүд|Сербишууд]] &lt;/br&gt;1.8% [[Словенидэхи хорвадууд|Хорвадууд]] &lt;/br&gt;1.6% [[Мусульманууд]] &lt;/br&gt;0.4% [[Цыганууд]] &lt;/br&gt;0.3% [[Унгарнууд]] &lt;/br&gt;0.1% [[Истриин Италишууд|Италишууд]] &lt;/br&gt;2.2% бусад &lt;/br&gt;8.9% мэдэгдээгүй
| ethnic_groups_year = 2002&lt;ref name=&quot;2002census&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url= http://www.stat.si/popis2002/en/rezultati/rezultati_red.asp?ter=SLO&amp;st=7 |title= Census 2002: 7. Population by ethnic affiliation, Slovenia, Census 1953, 1961, 1971, 1981, 1991 and 2002 |publisher= Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia |access-date= 2 February 2011 |accessdate= 24 June 2021 |archivedate= 6 August 2011 |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20110806084849/http://www.stat.si/popis2002/en/rezultati/rezultati_red.asp?ter=SLO&amp;st=7 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url= https://eacea.ec.europa.eu/national-policies/eurydice/content/population-demographic-situation-languages-and-religions-77_sl |title=Prebivalstvo: demografsko stanje, jeziki in veroizpovedi|date=10 October 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| demonym                = 
| government_type        = {{nowrap|[[Нэгэдэмэл улас|Нэгэдэмэл]] &lt;/br&gt;[[Парламентай систем|парламентай]]&lt;/br&gt; [[Үндэhэн хуули|үндэhэн хуулита]] &lt;/br&gt;[[бүгэдэ найрамдаха улас|бүгэдэ найрамдаха &lt;/br&gt;улас]]}}
| leader_title1          = [[Словени уласай Юрэнхылэгшэ|Юрэнхылэгшэ]]
| leader_name1           = [[Борут Пахор]]
| leader_title2          = [[Словени уласай Юрэнхы сайд|Юрэнхы сайд]]
| leader_name2           = [[Янез Янша]]
| legislature            = [[Словениин Парламент|Парламент]]
| upper_house            = [[Уласай Зүблэл (Словени)|Уласай Зүблэл]]
| lower_house            = [[Уласай Хурал (Словени)|Уласай Хурал]]
| sovereignty_type       = Түүхэ
| established_event1     = [[Словенүүд, Хорвадууд ба Сербүүдэй Гүрэн|Словенүүд, &lt;/br&gt;Хорвадууд &lt;/br&gt;ба Сербүүдэй &lt;/br&gt;Гүрэн]]
| established_date1      = 1918 оной &lt;/br&gt;10 һарын 29
| established_event2     = [[Югославиин байгуулга|Словенүүд, &lt;/br&gt;Хорвадууд &lt;/br&gt;ба Сербүүдэй &lt;/br&gt;хаанта улас]]
| established_date2      = 1918 оной &lt;/br&gt;12 һарын 1
| established_event3     = [[Словениин Үндэһэнэй Сүлөөлэлгын Комитед|Словениин Үндэһэнэй &lt;/br&gt;Сүлөөлэлгын Комитет]]
| established_date3      = 1944 оной &lt;/br&gt;2 һарын 19
| established_event4     = [[Югославиин Социалис Холбооной Бүгэдэ Найрамдаха Улас|Югославиин Социалис &lt;/br&gt;Холбооной Бүгэдэ &lt;/br&gt;Найрамдаха Улас]]
| established_date4      = 1945 оной &lt;/br&gt;11 һарын 29
| established_event5     = Тусгаар тогтонол
| established_date5      = 1991 оной &lt;/br&gt;6 һарын 25
| established_event6     = [[Бриониин хэлсээн]]
| established_date6      = 1991 оной &lt;/br&gt;7 һарын 7
| established_event7     = [[Словениин Үндэhэн хуули|Мүнөөнэй үндэhэн &lt;br&gt;хуули]]баталагдаhан
| established_date7      = 1991 оной &lt;/br&gt;12 һарын 23
| established_event8     = [[НҮБ]]-эй &lt;/br&gt;гэшүүн болоһон
| established_date8      = 1992 оной &lt;/br&gt;5 һарын 22
| established_event9     = [[Европын Холбоо|Европын Холбоондо]] &lt;/br&gt;[[2004 оной Европын холбооной үргэдэлгэ|нэгэдэһэн]]
| established_date9      = 2004 оной &lt;/br&gt;5 һарын 1
| area_km2               = 20,271
| area_rank = 151 &lt;!-- Area rank should match [[List of countries and dependencies by area]] --&gt;
| area_sq_mi             = 7,826.677 &lt;!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--&gt;
| percent_water          = 0.7&lt;ref name=&quot;Surface2005&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url= http://www.stat.si/letopis/2010/01_10/01-03-10.htm |title= Površina ozemlja in pokrovnost tal, določena planimetrično, 2005 |trans-title= Surface area and land cover determined planimetrically, 2005 |language= sl, en |publisher= Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia |access-date= 2 February 2011 |accessdate= 24 June 2021 |archivedate= 11 May 2011 |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20110511203510/http://www.stat.si/letopis/2010/01_10/01-03-10.htm }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_estimate    = {{DecreaseNeutral}} 2,108,977&lt;ref name=&quot;Statistical Office of Slovenia&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.stat.si/StatWeb/Field/Index/17|title=Prebivalstvo|access-date=30 April 2021|language=sl|publisher=[[Statistical Office of Slovenia]]|accessdate=24 June 2021|archivedate=19 July 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210719060614/https://www.stat.si/StatWeb/Field/Index/17}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_census      = 1,964,036
| population_estimate_year = 2021
| population_estimate_rank = 147
| population_census_year = 2002
| population_density_km2 = 103&lt;ref name=&quot;Statistical Office of Slovenia&quot;/&gt;
| population_density_sq_mi = 262&lt;!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--&gt;
| population_density_rank = 106
| GDP_PPP                = $83&amp;nbsp;тэрбүм&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEOSI&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2018&amp;ey=2020&amp;scsm=1&amp;ssd=1&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1&amp;pr1.x=61&amp;pr1.y=2&amp;c=961&amp;s=NGDP_RPCH%2CNGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC&amp;grp=0&amp;a= |title=World Economic Outlook Database, October 2019 |website=IMF.org |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |access-date=3 January 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/br&gt;
| GDP_PPP_year = 2020
| GDP_PPP_rank = 93
| GDP_PPP_per_capita     = {{increase}} $40,343&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEOSI&quot;/&gt;
| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 35
| GDP_nominal            = $56&amp;nbsp;тэрбүм&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEOSI&quot;/&gt;&lt;/br&gt;
| GDP_nominal_year = 2020
| GDP_nominal_rank = 80
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{increase}} $27,452&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEOSI&quot;/&gt;
| GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 34
| Gini                   = 23.9 &lt;!--number only--&gt;
| Gini_year = 2019
| Gini_change            = increase &lt;!--increase/decrease/steady--&gt;
| Gini_ref               = &lt;ref name=eurogini&gt;{{cite web |url=https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/tgm/table.do?tab=table&amp;init=1&amp;language=en&amp;pcode=tessi190&amp;plugin=1 |title=Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income – EU-SILC survey |publisher=Eurostat |access-date=19 June 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| Gini_rank = 
| HDI                    = 0.917 &lt;!--number only--&gt;
| HDI_year = 2019&lt;!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--&gt;
| HDI_change             = increase&lt;!--increase/decrease/steady--&gt;
| HDI_ref                = &lt;ref name=HDI&gt;{{cite book|title=Human Development Report 2020 The Next Frontier: Human Development and the Anthropocene|date=15 December 2020|publisher=United Nations Development Programme|isbn=978-92-1-126442-5|pages=343–346|url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2020.pdf|access-date=16 December 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| HDI_rank = 22
| iso3166code            = SI&lt;!-- the vehicle&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Car: international car registration letters Word Lists {{!}} Collins English Word Lists|url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/word-lists/car-international-car-registration-letters|access-date=2021-03-26|website=www.collinsdictionary.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; and IOC&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-11-09|title=Slovenia - National Olympic Committee (NOC)|url=https://www.olympic.org/slovenia|access-date=2021-03-26|website=International Olympic Committee|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; codes are SLO --&gt;
| currency               = [[Евро]] ([[Еврогой тэмдэг|€]])
| currency_code          = EUR
| time_zone              = [[Түб Европын Саг|CET]]
| utc_offset             = +1
| utc_offset_DST         = +2
| time_zone_DST          = [[Түб Европын Зунай Саг|CEST]]
| calling_code           = +386
| cctld                  = [[.si]]
| footnotes              = {{notelist-lr}}
| official_website       = 
| today                  = 
}}

'''Словени''' ({{lang-sl|Slovenija}} {{IPA-sl|slɔˈʋèːnija|}}),&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Slovenski pravopis 2001: Slovenija|url=http://bos.zrc-sazu.si/c/SP/neva.exe?name=sp&amp;expression=Slovenija&amp;hs=1|accessdate=2021-06-24|archivedate=2014-05-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140512224005/http://bos.zrc-sazu.si/c/SP/neva.exe?name=sp&amp;expression=Slovenija&amp;hs=1}}&lt;/ref&gt; албан ёһоор '''Бүгэдэ Найрамдаха Словени Улас''' (Словен: {{Audio|Sl-Republika Slovenija.oga|''Republika Slovenija''}},&lt;ref&gt;{{IPA-sl|ɾɛˈpùːblika slɔˈʋèːnija}}. Source: {{cite web|title=Slovenski pravopis 2001: Republika Slovenija|url=http://bos.zrc-sazu.si/c/SP/neva.exe?name=sp&amp;expression=republika+slovenija&amp;hs=1}}&lt;/ref&gt;) — болбол [[Түб Европо|Түб Европын]] улас.&lt;ref name=&quot;cultures&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=http://zgs.zrc-sazu.si/Portals/8/Slo_Geo_Over/23.pdf|title=Gateway to Western, Central, and Southeastern Europe|first=Andrej|last=Černe|page=127|series=Slovenia: A Geographical Overview|editor=Orožen Adamič, Milan|publisher=Association of the Geographical Societies of Slovenia|year=2004|isbn=961-6500-49-X|quote=For centuries, the territory of Slovenia has been crossed by traditional transportation routes connecting northern Europe with southern, eastern, and western Europe. Slovenia's location in the northwestern part of the Mediterranean's most inland bay on the Adriatic Sea where the Alps, the plateaus of the Dinaric Alps, and the western margins of the Pannonian Basin meet gives [it] a relatively quite advantageous traffic and geographical position distinguished by its transitional character and the links between these geographical regions. In the wider macroregional sense, this transitional character and these links have not changed since prehistoric times.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Энэнь баруун зүгтэ [[Итали]], хойто зүгтэ [[Австри]], зүүн хойно зүгтэ [[Унгар]], зүүн урда зүгтэ [[Хорвати]], баруун урда зүгтэ [[Адриатикын тэнгис|Адриатикын тэнгистэй]] хилэлдэг.&lt;ref name=&quot;Encyclopedia Britannica 2021&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Slovenia - History, Geography, &amp; People|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|date=2021-06-05|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Slovenia|access-date=2021-06-16}}&lt;/ref&gt; Словениин газар нютагай ехэнхиинь уулархаг, ой модотой&lt;ref name=&quot;perko2008&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|url=http://www.theslovenian.com/articles/2008/perko.pdf|title=Slovenia at the Junction of Major European Geographical Units|first=Drago|last=Perko|year=2008|newspaper=The Slovenian|publisher=Vse Slovenski Kulturni Odbor [The All Slovenian Cultural Committee]|place=Toronto}} {{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://theslovenian.com/articles/2008/perko.pdf |accessdate=2024-03-18 |archivedate=2022-01-28 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128140453/http://theslovenian.com/articles/2008/perko.pdf }}&lt;/ref&gt; ба 20,271 хабтагай дүрбэлжэн километр газар нютагые эзэлдэг ба 2,1 сая хүн зонтойһоо 500,000-нь [[ниислэл]] ба хамагай томо хото [[Любляна|Люблянада]] амидардаг.&lt;ref name=&quot;InfoPlease 2017&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Slovenia|website=InfoPlease|date=2017-02-03|url=https://www.infoplease.com/world/countries/slovenia|access-date=2021-06-16}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Словеншууд]] тус уласай хүн зоной олонхиие бүридүүлдэг ба [[сербүүд]] хамагай томо хүн зоной бага юм.&lt;ref name=&quot;KÄ Nationsonline.Org 1991&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last=KÄ|first=Klaus|last2=Nationsonline.Org|first2=Stle -|title=Slovenia - Country Profile|website=Nations Online Project|date=1991-06-25|url=https://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/slovenia.htm|access-date=2021-06-16}}&lt;/ref&gt; Урда Славян хэлэн болохо [[словени хэлэн|словени хэлэниинь]] албан ёһоной хэлэн юм.&lt;ref name=&quot;Encyclopedia Britannica&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Slovene language|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Slovene-language|access-date=2021-06-16}}&lt;/ref&gt; Газарай дундада тэнгисэй уур амисхалтай Словениин эрье шадар болон [[Альпын уур амисхал|Альпын уур амисхалтай]] баруун хойто хэһэгтэ оршихо [[Юлиин Альпа|Юлиин Альпые]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|chapter-url=http://zgds.zrc-sazu.si/glasgow/9.pdf|first=Darko|last=Ogrin|chapter=Modern Climate Change in Slovenia|page=45|title=Slovenia: A Geographical Overview|editor=Orožen Adamič, Milan|publisher=Association of the Geographical Societies of Slovenia|year=2004|isbn=961-6500-49-X|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130717233733/http://zgds.zrc-sazu.si/glasgow/9.pdf|archive-date=17 July 2013|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt; эсэ тоособол Словениинь гол түлэб [[Эхэ газарай уур амисхал|эхэ газарай уур амисхалтай]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Fallon2007&quot;&gt;{{cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Pb_eXmEyPvwC&amp;pg=PA40|title=Slovenia|chapter=Environment|first=Steve|last=Fallon|publisher=Lonely Planet|year=2007|edition=5|isbn=978-1-74104-480-5|page=40}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Любляна|Люблянань]] уласай ниислэл ба томоохон хото юм.&lt;ref name=&quot;Mestna občina Ljubljana 2017&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=About Ljubljana|website=Mestna občina Ljubljana|date=2017-07-03|url=https://www.ljubljana.si/en/about-ljubljana/|access-date=2021-06-16|accessdate=2021-06-24|archivedate=2020-05-16|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200516212207/https://www.ljubljana.si/en/about-ljubljana/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Зүүлтэ ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Холбоо ==
но

{{Европо}}

[[Категори:Словени| ]]
[[Категори:Балканай уласууд]]
[[Категори:Түб Европын уласууд]]
[[Категори:НАТО-гай гэшүүн уласууд]]
[[Категори:Европын Зүблэлэй гэшүүн уласууд]]
[[Категори:Европын Холбооной гэшүүн уласууд]]
[[Категори:НҮБ-эй гэшүүн уласууд]]
[[Категори:Бүгэдэ Найрамдаха Уласууд]]
[[Категори:Урда Европын уласууд]]
[[Категори:Зүүн Урда Европын уласууд]]
[[Категори:1991 ондо байгуулагдаhан улас ба газар нютаг]]
[[Категори:1415 ондо Европодо байгуулагдаhан]]
[[Категори:Европын уласууд]]
{{stub}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Канада</title>
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| conventional_long_name = Канада&lt;!--The official state name of Canada is ''Canada''. The term &quot;Dominion of Canada&quot; was frequently used to describe the Canadian state until the [[Patriation]] of the Canadian constitution in 1982. See|Name of Canada--&gt;
| image_flag = Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg
| flag_type= [[Канада уласай Туг|Түрын туг]]
| alt_flag = A vertical triband design (red, white, red) with a red maple leaf in the center.
| image_coat = Royal Coat of arms of Canada.svg
| symbol_type= [[Канада уласай Һүлдэ|Түрын һүлдэ]]
| alt_coat = At the top there is a rendition of St. Edward's Crown, with the crest of a crowned gold lion standing on a twisted wreath of red and white silk and holding a maple leaf in its right paw underneath. The lion is standing on top of a helm, which is above the escutcheon, ribbon, motto and compartment. There is a supporter of either side of the escutcheon and ribbon; an English lion on the left and a Scottish unicorn on the right.
| national_motto = ''[[A mari usque ad mare]]'' ([[Лата хэлэн|Лата]])&lt;br/&gt;&quot;Далайһаа Далай хүрэтэр&quot;
| national_anthem = &quot;[[Канадын Түрын Дуулал|O Canada]]&quot;&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;margin-top:0.4em;&quot;&gt;[[File:&quot;O Canada&quot;, performed by the United States Third Marine Aircraft Wing Band.oga]]&lt;/div&gt;
| image_map = CAN orthographic.svg
| map_width = 220px
| alt_map = A projection of North America with Canada highlighted in green
| capital = [[File:Blason_ville_ca_Ottawa_(Ontario).svg|19px]] [[Оттава]]
| coordinates = {{Coord|45|24|N|75|40|W|type:city}}
| largest_city = [[Торонто]]
| official_languages = [[Англи хэлэнэй Канада хубилбари|Англи]] {{*}} [[Франци хэлэнэй Канада хубилбари|Франци]]
| ethnic_groups_year = 2016
| ethnic_groups_ref = &lt;ref name=&quot;autogenerated1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=October 25, 2017 |title=2016 Census of Population—Ethnic Origin, Catalog no. 98-400-X2016187 |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/dt-td/Rp-eng.cfm?LANG=E&amp;APATH=3&amp;DETAIL=0&amp;DIM=0&amp;FL=A&amp;FREE=0&amp;GC=0&amp;GID=0&amp;GK=0&amp;GRP=1&amp;PID=110528&amp;PRID=10&amp;PTYPE=109445&amp;S=0&amp;SHOWALL=0&amp;SUB=0&amp;Temporal=2017&amp;THEME=120&amp;VID=0&amp;VNAMEE=&amp;VNAMEF= |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171026161129/http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/dt-td/Rp-eng.cfm?LANG=E&amp;APATH=3&amp;DETAIL=0&amp;DIM=0&amp;FL=A&amp;FREE=0&amp;GC=0&amp;GID=0&amp;GK=0&amp;GRP=1&amp;PID=110528&amp;PRID=10&amp;PTYPE=109445&amp;S=0&amp;SHOWALL=0&amp;SUB=0&amp;Temporal=2017&amp;THEME=120&amp;VID=0&amp;VNAMEE=&amp;VNAMEF= |archive-date=October 26, 2017 |publisher=Statistics Canada}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| ethnic_groups = {{Collapsible list
        | titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:normal;font-size:100%;
        | title = Жагсаалта:| 72.9% [[Европо Канадшууд|Европшууд]] | 17.7% [[Ази Канадшууд|Ази]] | 4.9% [[Канададахи Түрэлхи Америкынхид|Түрэлхи Америкынхид]] | 3.1% [[Хара Канадшууд|Африк]] | 1.3% [[Латин Америкэ Канадшууд|Латин Америкынхид]] | 0.2% Бусад}}&lt;!-- Percentages total over 100% due to multiple responses --&gt;
| religion_year = 2011
| religion_ref = &lt;ref name=&quot;statcan1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=May 8, 2013 |title=2011 National Household Survey |url=https://www.statcan.gc.ca/daily-quotidien/130508/dq130508b-eng.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130515212448/http://statcan.gc.ca/daily-quotidien/130508/dq130508b-eng.htm |archive-date=May 15, 2013 |publisher=Statistics Canada}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| religion = {{Collapsible list
        |titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:normal;font-size:100%;
        |title = Жагсаалта:|67.2% [[Христосой шажан|Христосой]] |23.9% Шажангүй|3.2% [[Лалын шажан|Лалын]]|1.5% [[Энэдхэгэй шажан|Индуизм]] |1.4% [[Канададахи Сикх шажан|Сикхизм]] |1.1% [[Канададахи Буддын шажан|Буддизм]] |1.0% [[Канададахи Еврейшүүдэй Түүхэ|Иудаизм]] |0.6% Бусад}}
| demonym  = 
| government_type = {{nowrap|[[Федерализм|Холбооной]] &lt;br/&gt;[[Парламентын систем|парламентын]] [[Үндэһэн хуулита хаанта засагта улас|үндэһэн &lt;/br&gt;хуулита хаанта засаг]]&lt;ref name=&quot;DowdingDumont2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last1=Dowding |first1=Keith |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AClHBAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT395 |title=The Selection of Ministers around the World |last2=Dumont |first2=Patrick |publisher=Taylor &amp; Francis |year=2014 |isbn=978-1-317-63444-7 |page=395}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
| leader_title1 = [[Канадын Монархи|Хаан]]
| leader_name1 = [[III Чарльз]]
| leader_title2 = {{nowrap|[[Канадын Амбан Захирагша|Амбан Захирагша]]}}
| leader_name2 = [[Мэри Саймон]]
| leader_title3 = [[Канада Уласай Юрэнхы Сайд|Юрэнхы Сайд]]
| leader_name3 = [[Джастин Трюдо]]
| legislature = [[Канадын Парламент|Парламент]]
| upper_house = [[Канадын Сенат|Сенат]]
| lower_house = [[Канадын Ниитын Танхим|Ниитын Танхим]]
| sovereignty_type = [[Канадын Түүхэ|Түүхэ]]
| established_event1 = [[Канадын Конфедераци|Конфедераци]]
| established_date1 = 1867 оной 7 һарын 1
| established_event2 = [[1931 оной Вестминстерэй тогтоол|Вестминстерэй &lt;/br&gt;тогтоол]]
| established_date2 = 1931 оной 12 һарын 11
| established_event3 = [[Канадын эрхэ сүлөөнэй харти|Эрхэ сүлөөнэй &lt;/br&gt;харти]]
| established_date3 = 1982 оной 4 һарын 17
| area_km2 = 9,984,670
| area_label = Бүхэлидөө
| area_rank = 2
| area_sq_mi = 3,854,085&lt;!--Do not remove per [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers]]--&gt;
| percent_water = 11.76 (2015)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Surface water and surface water change |url=https://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=SURFACE_WATER# |access-date=October 11, 2020 |publisher=[[OECD|Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development]] (OECD)}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| area_label2 = Ниитэ газарай &lt;/br&gt;талмай
| area_data2 = 9,093,507 км2
| population_estimate = {{increase neutral}} 38,131,104 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Government of Canada|first=Statistics Canada|date=June 17, 2021|title=The Daily — Canada's population estimates, first quarter 2021|url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/daily-quotidien/210617/dq210617c-eng.htm|access-date=August 5, 2021|website=www150.statcan.gc.ca}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_census = 35,151,728&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=February 8, 2017 |title=Population size and growth in Canada: Key results from the 2016 Census |url=https://www.statcan.gc.ca/daily-quotidien/170208/dq170208a-eng.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170210133245/https://www.statcan.gc.ca/daily-quotidien/170208/dq170208a-eng.htm |archive-date=February 10, 2017 |publisher=Statistics Canada |access-date=February 8, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_estimate_year = Q1 2021
| population_census_year = 2016
| population_estimate_rank = 37
| population_density_km2 = 3.92
| population_density_sq_mi = 10.15&lt;!--Do not remove per [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers]]--&gt;
| population_density_rank = 185
| GDP_PPP = {{increase}} {{nowrap|$1.979&amp;nbsp;&lt;/br&gt;триллион&lt;!--end nowrap:--&gt;}}&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEOCA&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=April 2021 |title=World Economic Outlook Database |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2021/April/weo-report?c=156,&amp;s=NGDP_RPCH,NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPRPPPPC,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&amp;sy=2015&amp;ey=2026&amp;ssm=0&amp;scsm=1&amp;scc=0&amp;ssd=1&amp;ssc=0&amp;sic=0&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1 |access-date=April 6, 2020 |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| GDP_PPP_year = 2021
| GDP_PPP_rank = 15
| GDP_PPP_per_capita = {{increase}} $51,713&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEOCA&quot; /&gt;
| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 20
| GDP_nominal = {{increase}} {{nowrap|$1.883{{nbsp}}&lt;/br&gt;триллион}}&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEOCA&quot; /&gt;
| GDP_nominal_year = 2021
| GDP_nominal_rank = 9
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{increase}} $49,222&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEOCA&quot; /&gt;
| GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 18
| Gini = 30.3 &lt;!--number only--&gt;
| Gini_year = 2018
| Gini_change = decrease&lt;!--increase/decrease/steady--&gt;
| Gini_ref = &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Income inequality |url=https://data.oecd.org/chart/5OdN |access-date=July 16, 2021 |publisher=[[OECD]] |accessdate=August 28, 2021 |archivedate=February 6, 2020 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200206153745/https://data.oecd.org/chart/5OdN }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| HDI = 0.929 &lt;!--number only--&gt;
| HDI_year = 2019&lt;!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--&gt;
| HDI_change = increase&lt;!--increase/decrease/steady--&gt;
| HDI_ref = &lt;ref name=&quot;UNHDR&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |year=2020 |title=Human Development Report 2020 |url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2020.pdf |publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]] |language=en |access-date=December 15, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| HDI_rank = 16
| currency = [[Канадын доллар]] ($)&lt;/br&gt;
| currency_code = CAD
| utc_offset = −3.5 — −8
| utc_offset_DST = −2.5 — −7
| date_format = {{abbr|жжжж|жэл}}-{{abbr|һһ|һара}}-{{abbr|үү|үдэр}}&amp;nbsp;([[Манай эрин|AD]])&lt;ref&gt;The [[Government of Canada]] and [[Standards Council of Canada]] prescribe [[ISO 8601]] as the country's official all-numeric date format: {{Cite book  |author=Public Works and Government Services Canada Translation Bureau |author-link=Public Services and Procurement Canada |url=https://archive.org/details/canadianstylegui0000unse/page/97 |title=The Canadian style: A guide to writing and editing |year=1997 |publisher=Dundurn Press |isbn=978-1-55002-276-6 |edition=Revised |page=[https://archive.org/details/canadianstylegui0000unse/page/97 97] |chapter=5.14: Dates |chapter-url=http://www.btb.termiumplus.gc.ca/tcdnstyl-chap?lang=eng&amp;lettr=chapsect5&amp;info0=5.14}} The {{abbr|dd|day}}/{{abbr|mm|month}}/{{abbr|yy|year}} and {{abbr|mm|month}}/{{abbr|dd|day}}/{{abbr|yy|year}} formats also remain in common use; see [[Date and time notation in Canada]].&lt;/ref&gt;
| drives_on = баруун
| calling_code = +1
| cctld = [[.ca]]
| royal_anthem = &quot;[[Бурхан хатан хааные авраарай|God Save the Queen]]&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Royal Anthem |date=August 11, 2017 |url=https://www.canada.ca/en/canadian-heritage/services/royal-symbols-titles/royal-anthem.html |access-date=December 18, 2020 |publisher=Government of Canada}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;div class=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;margin-top:0.4em;&quot;&gt;[[File:United States Navy Band - God Save the Queen.ogg]]&lt;/div&gt;
|today=}}

'''Канада''' ({{lang-en|Canada}}) — [[Хойто Америкэ|Хойто Америкын]] хойто хэһэгэй ехэнхи нютаг дэбисхэрые эзэлэн оршодог. Зүүн талаараа [[Атлантын далай]], баруун талаараа [[Номгон далай]], хойто талаараа [[Хойто мүльһэн далай]]нуудаар тус тус хүреэлэгдэнэ. Нютаг дэбисхэрээрээ дэлхэйдэ хоёрто ородог&lt;ref name=&quot;cia_factbook&quot;&gt;{{cite web |author=Central Intelligence Agency |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ca.html |title=The World Factbook: Canada |date=[[2006-05-16]] |accessdate=2007-05-06 |archivedate=2019-04-30 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190430234227/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ca.html }}&lt;/ref&gt;. Канада баруун хойто ба урда талаараа АНУ-тай хилэ залгана.

Мүнөөнэй Канадын нютаг дэбисхэртэ олон мянган жэлэй турша олон обог аймагай [[Унаган Америкынхид|унаган эрхэтэд]] амидаржа байгаа. XV зуунай һүүлһээ [[Британи]], [[Франци]]ин аялагша, шэнжэлэгшэнэр Атлантын далайн эрьеэ шудалжа, һүүлдэ һуурижаба. [[Долоон жэлэй дайн]]ай дараа [[1763 он]]до Франци өөрынгөө Хойто Америкэдэхи колонинудаа бараг бүгэдые алдаһан байна. [[1867 он]]до Британиин гурбан колони холбоо үүсхэһэнээр Канада дүрбэн можоһоо тогтоһон холбооной эзэмшэл газар болобо.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = Territorial evolution | work = Atlas of Canada | publisher = Natural Resources Canada | url = http://atlas.nrcan.gc.ca/site/english/maps/reference/anniversary_maps/terr_evol | format = html/pdf | accessdate = 2007-10-09 | quote = In 1867, the colonies of Canada, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick are united in a federal state, the Dominion of Canada.... | archivedate = 2007-08-09 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20070809154930/http://atlas.nrcan.gc.ca/site/english/maps/reference/anniversary_maps/terr_evol }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| title = Canada: History| work = Country Profiles | publisher = Commonwealth Secretariat | url =http://www.thecommonwealth.org/YearbookInternal/145152/history/ | format = html/pdf | accessdate = 2007-10-09| quote = The British North America Act of 1867 brought together four British colonies&amp;nbsp;... in one federal Dominion under the name of Canada.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | last = Hillmer | first = Norman | authorlink =  | coauthors = W. David MacIntyre | title = Commonwealth | work = Canadian Encyclopedia | publisher = Historica Project | url = http://thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&amp;Params=A1ARTA0001798 | format = html | accessdate = 2007-10-09 | quote = With CONFEDERATION in 1867, Canada became the first federation in the British Empire&amp;nbsp;... | archivedate = 2005-03-28 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20050328234643/http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&amp;Params=A1ARTA0001798 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
Холбоондо бусад можо, нютаг бага багаар нэмэгдэн орһоноор [[1931 он]]ой Вестминстерэй тогтоолоор Канада Нэгэдэһэн Хаанта Уласһаа автономито байдалаа улам нэмэгдүүлээ. [[1982 он]]до Канадын актаар Британиин парламентһаа хуули зүйн хамааралаа бүрин таһалаа.

Канада арбан можо, гурбан хизгаарһаа тогтоһон холбооной улас болоод парламентын засаглалтай арадшалһан, үндэһэн хуулита хаанта улас юм. Түрын тэргүүниинь Хатан хаан [[II Елизавета]]. [[Англи хэлэн|Англи]], [[франци хэлэн|франци]] гэһэн албан ёһоной хоёр хэлэтэй болоод олон үндэһэтэн угсаатан амидардаг. Канада технологиин хубида үндэр хүгжөөһэн, ажаүйлэдбэрижэлһэн орон болоод юрэнхыдөө өөрын байгаалиин баялиг, мүн [[АНУ]]-тай хэдэг худалдаан дээрээ тулгуурилһан [[эдэй засаг]]тай юм.

== Нэрын гаралга ==
[[Изображение:Jacques Cartier 1851-1852.jpg|мини|слева|[[Жак Картье]]]]
''Канада'' гэһэн нэрэ [[Гэгээн Лаврентиин гол|Гэгээн Лаврентиин]] [[ирокезууд]]ай хэлэнэй «тосхон» гү, али «һуурин» гэһэн удхатай ''каната'' гэһэн үгэһөө гаралтай. 1535 ондо мүнөөнэй [[Квебек хото|Квебек хотын]] бүһэ нютагта амидаржа байһан оршон һуугшад шэнжэлэгшэ [[Жак Картье]]да Стадакона тосхон хүрэхэ замые заахадаа энэ үгые хэрэглэбэ.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | first = Bruce G. |last = Trigger | coauthors = Pendergast, James F. | year = 1978 |chapter=Saint-Lawrence Iroquoians | title = Handbook of North American Indians Volume 15 | location= Washington |publisher= Smithsonian Institution | pages= pp. 357–361 | id = OCLC 58762737}}&lt;/ref&gt; Картьер 'Канада' гэдэг үгые хэрэглэхэдээ зүбхэн тэрэ тосхониие буса Стадаконагай ахалагша Доннаконада харьяалагдаха бүхы нютаг дэбисхэртэ хамаатуулжа хэрэглэбэ. 1545 он гэхэдэ Европын ном, газарай зураг дээрэ энэ бүһэ нютагые Канада гэжэ бэшэжэ эхилхэ болобо.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.gutenberg.org/files/12356/12356-h/12356-h.htm | title = Relation originale de Jacques Cartier | publisher = Tross (1863 edition) | author = Jacques Cartier | date = 1545 | accessdate = 2007-02-23}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Франциин [[Шэнэ Франци|Канадын]] колони гэжэ Гэгээн Лаврентиин голой уташань оршохо Шэнэ Франциин хэһэг болон [[Ехэ Нуурнууд]]ай хойто эрьеэ хэлэжэ байба. Һүүлдэ энэ газар [[Дээдэ Канада]], [[Доодо Канада]] гэһэн Британиин хоёр колони болон хубаагдаһан болоод 1841 ондо Британиин Канада можо болон нэгдэбэ. 1867 ондо [[Канадын Холбоо]] байгуулагдахада ''Канада'' гэһэн нэрэ бүхэли уласта хэрэглэгдэхэ болоһон болон ''[[Доминион]]'' гэһэн нэрые тус уласай титул болгон олгобо.&lt;ref&gt;J. E. Hodgetts. 2004. «Dominion». ''Oxford Companion to Canadian History'', Gerald Hallowell, ed. (ISBN 0-19-541559-0) Toronto: Oxford University Press; p. 183: «The title conferred on Canada by the preamble to the Constitution Act, 1867, whereby the provinces declare 'their desire to be federally united into one Dominion under the Crown of the United Kingdom'.»&lt;/ref&gt; 1950-яад он хүрэтэр тус уласые ''Канадын Доминион'' гэхэ түгээмэл байгаа. Канада Британиһаа улас түрын автономито байдалаа баталгаажуулжа абаһанаар холбооной засагай газар хуулиин баримта бэшэг, хэрээнүүдтэ ''Канада'' гэһэн нэрые улам бүри ехэ хэрэглэхэ болоһон. 1982 оной [[Канадын акт]]да зүбхэн «Канада» нэрлэжэ байха болоод энэ нэрэнь одоо ганса хуули ёһоной (хоёр хэлэн дээрэхи) нэрэ болоһон. 1982 ондо тус уласай үндэһэнэй баяр Доминионой үдэрые [[Канадын үдэр]] болгон нэрыень хубилгаһанаар энэ нэрые батадхаһан юм.

== Түүхэ ==

=== Анханай үндэһэтэн ===
[[Изображение:Voyageur canoe.jpg|мини|слева|Ангай арһанай худалдаан XIX зуун хүрэтэр Канадын эгээн шухала һалбари байгаа]]
[[Унаган америкынхид|Анханай үндэһэтэн]] ба [[инуитууд]]ай уламжалалаар унаган эрхэтэд саг хугасаанай эхин үеһөө хойшо нютагтаа оршон һууһаар ерээ һэн. Археологиин шудалгаһаа үзэхэдэ 26,500 жэлэй урда хойто [[Юкон]]до, 9,500 жэлэй үмэнэ урда [[Онтарио]]до хүн байһаниие баталдаг.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | last = Cinq-Mars | first = J. | year = 2001 | title = On the significance of modified mammoth bones from eastern Beringia | journal = The World of Elephants&amp;nbsp;– International Congress, Rome | url = http://www.cq.rm.cnr.it/elephants2001/pdf/424_428.pdf | accessdate = 2006-05-14 | archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20050105035411/http://www.cq.rm.cnr.it/elephants2001/pdf/424_428.pdf | archivedate = 2005-01-05 }} {{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.cq.rm.cnr.it/elephants2001/pdf/424_428.pdf |accessdate=2015-04-20 |archivedate=2005-01-05 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20050105035411/http://www.cq.rm.cnr.it/elephants2001/pdf/424_428.pdf }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |author=Wright, J.V |publisher= Canadian Museum of Civilization Corporation |url=http://www.civilization.ca/archeo/hnpc/npvol04e.html |title=A History of the Native People of Canada: Early and Middle Archaic Complexes|date=[[2001-09-27]]|accessdate=2006-05-14}}&lt;/ref&gt; МЭ 1000 оной оршомдо [[викингүүд]] Л’Анс-о-Медоузда богони хугасаагаар һуурижаха үедэ европынхид түрүүшынхиеэ Америкэдэ хүл табяа. Канадын Атлантын далайн эрьеэ дараань 1497 ондо [[Жон Кабот]] [[Англи]]ин түлөө нээжэ шудалһан бэлэй&lt;ref&gt;{{cite encyclopedia |year= |title = John Cabot = |encyclopedia= Encyclopædia Britannica Online |publisher= Encyclopædia Britannica | url = http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9018457/John-Cabot}}&lt;/ref&gt; болон 1534 ондо [[Жак Картье]] Франциин түлөө шудалһан.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite encyclopedia |encyclopedia= World book Encyclopedia |title= Cartier, Jacques |accessdate=2007-09-01 |publisher= World Book, Inc.|id= ISBN 0-7166-0101-X }}&lt;/ref&gt; Нэгэ зуунай турша [[баск]]ын халим агнуушад болон загаһашад [[Ньюфаундлэндын ехэ эрье|Ехэ эрье]], Квебекэй [[Тадуссак]]ай хоорондохи бүһэ нютагые уларилай шанартай ашаглажа байгаа.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite encyclopedia |year= 2007 |title= Basques |encyclopedia= The Canadian Encyclopedia |publisher= Historica |url= http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&amp;Params=A1ARTA0000550 }} {{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&amp;Params=A1ARTA0000550 |accessdate=2015-04-20 |archivedate=2011-10-14 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111014061733/http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&amp;Params=A1ARTA0000550 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Шэнэ Франци ===
Франциин шэнжэлэгшэ [[Самюель де Шамплен]] 1603 ондо ерэжэ, 1605 ондо [[Шэнэ Шотланд]]иин [[Порт Рояль]] хото, 1608 ондо [[Квебек хото|Квебек хотын]] һууриие тус тус табижа Европын анханай байнгын һуурин газарнуудые байгуулаа. Эдэнь һүүлдэ [[Акади]] ба Канадын ниислэл хотонууд болоһон. Шэнэ Франциин франциинхи колонизаторнууд болохо ''Canadiens'' [[Гэгээн Лаврентиин гол]]ой нугада олоноор һуурижаһан болбол акадишууд мүнөөнэй [[Далайн можонууд]]та нютаглаһан. Энэнэй зэргэсээ Франциин үһэтэй арһанай худалдаашад ба [[Рене-Робер Кавелье де Ла Саль]] мэтэ католик миссионернүүд Ехэ Нуурнууд, [[Гудзон булан]], [[Миссисипи мүрэн|Миссисипиин уһанай хагалбариһаа]] эхилээд [[Луизиана|Шэнэ Франциин Луизиана]] хүрэтэр газар нютагые нээн шудалаа һэн. Үһэтэй арһанай худалдаанда табиха хиналтаһаа боложо [[Франци-Индеецүүдэй дайн]] дэгдэһэн юм.

=== Британиин захиргаан ===
[[Файл:Benjamin West 005.jpg|thumbnail|right|[[Франци-Индеецүүдэй дайн|Долоон жэлэй дайнай]] нэгэ хэһэг болохо 1759 ондо Квебек хотодо болоһон Авраамын талын тулалдааниие харуулһан ''«Генерал Вольфын үхэл»'' зураг]]

Англишууд 1610 оной оршом [[Ньюфаундленд арал|Ньюфаундлендтэ]] загаһан агнууриин һуурингууд байгуулжа, урда зүгтэ [[арбан гурбан колони]]ие колонизировалжа эхилһэн. 1689—1763 ондо [[Франци-Индеецүүдэй дайн|колони хоорондын дайн]] дүрбэн удаа гараһан. Эхэ газарай [[Шэнэ Шотланд]] 1713 оной Утрехтын хэрээгээр Британиин захиргаанда шэлжэһэн; [[Франци-Индеецүүдэй дайн|Долоон жэлэй дайнай]] дараа [[1763 оной Парисай хэрээ]]гээр Канада болон Шэнэ Франциин ехэнхи хэһэгые [[Британиин эзэнтэ гүрэн|Британида]] табижа үгэбэ.

1763 оной эзэн хаанай тунхаглалаар Шэнэ Франциһаа [[Квебек]] можые таһадан абажа, [[Кейп-Бретон арал|Кейп-Бретон арaлые]] Шэнэ Шотландтай нэгэдхэбэ. Мүн тэрэшэлэн энэ тунхаглалаар [[франкоканадынхид]]ай хэлэн, шажан шүтэлгын эрхые хизгаарлаһан байна. 1769 ондо Сен-Жан арал ({{lang-fr|Ile Saint-Jean}}, мүнөөнэй [[Принц Эдвардын арал]]) тусдаа колони болоһон. Квебектэ хэрэлдээн гарахаһаа һэргылжэ, 1774 ондо «Квебек тухай хуули» гаргажа Квебекэй нютаг дэбисхэрые Ехэ нуурнууд болон [[Огайо|Огайо голой хүнды]] хүрэтэр тэлэжэ, [[франци хэлэн]], [[католик шажан]], Франциин эрхэтэнэй эрхэ зүйе Квебектэ һэргэбэ. Энэ арга хэмжээ Арбан гурбан колониин олон ажаһуугшадай уур хилэн бусалгажа, [[Америкын хубисхал]] гарахада түлхэсэ болоһон юм.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | author= |publisher= |title= Wars on Our Soil, earliest times to 1885 |accessdate=2006-08-21 |url=http://www.civilization.ca/cwm/gallery1/revolution2_e.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Парисай хэрээ (1783)|1783 оной Парисай хэрээгээр]] Америкын тусгаар тогтонолые хүлеэн зүбшөөржэ, Ехэ нуурнуудһаа урдахи нютаг дэбисхэрые [[Америкын Нэгэдэһэн Улас]]та үгэбэ. 50,000 оршом Ехэ Британиин [[роялизм|лоялистууд]] АНУ-һаа тэрьелжэ Канада руу гараба.&lt;ref name=&quot;moore&quot;&gt;{{cite book |first= Christopher |last=Moore |year=1994 |title=The Loyalist: Revolution Exile Settlement |publisher=McClelland &amp; Stewart |location= Toronto |id=ISBN 0-7710-6093-9}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Далайн можонууд]]тахи лоялистуудай һуурингуудые дахин зохёон байгуулха хүреэндэ [[Нью-Брансуик]]ые Шэнэ Шотландһаа һалгаһан. Квебек можодохи англи хэлэтэ лоялистуудай сэдьхэл һанаае түбшэдхэхын тулада, 1791 оной Үндэһэн хуулиин актаар тус можые франци хэлэтэ [[Доодо Канада]], англи хэлэтэ [[Дээдэ Канада]] гэжэ хубаажа, тус бүридэнь өөрынгөө хуули тогтоохо хуралтай байха эрхые олгобо.

=== XIX зуун ===
[[Файл:Fathers of Confederation LAC c001855.jpg|right|200px|thumbnail|«Холбооной эсэгэнэр», зурааша Роберт Харрис, Шарлоттаунай хурал ба Квебекэй хуралай нэгэдэл]]
Канада (Дээдэ, Доодо) АНУ болон Британиин эзэнтэ гүрэнэй хоорондо дэгдэһэн [[Англи-америкын дайн|1812 оной дайнай]] гол фронт болоһон. Канадые хамгаалһан Британиин Хойто америкынхидай дунда эб нэгэдэлэй мэдэрэмжэ түрүүлбэ. 1815 ондо Британи болон [[Ирланд]]һаа маша олон сагаашад Канада руу субаха болобо. XIX зуунай эхиндэ [[Модо бэлэдхэл|модоной ажахы]] ажа холбогдолоороо ангай арһанай худалдаанһаа дабажа гараһан байгаа.

Харюусалгатай засагай газарые хүсэжэ байһан тула 1837 оной буһалгаан дарагдахада хүрэбэ. Даремэй тайланда ({{lang-en|Durham Report}}) харюусалгатай засагай газарые байгуулжа, франкоканадынхидые Британиин соёлдо хамтадхахые зүблэһэн ажа.&lt;ref name=&quot;ce_durhamreport&quot;&gt;{{cite web |author=David Mills |publisher= Historica Foundation of Canada |url=http://www.canadianencyclopedia.ca/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&amp;Params=A1ARTA0002473 |title=Durham Report |accessdate=2006-05-18}}&lt;/ref&gt; 1840 оной Холбооной акт Канада можонуудые Канадын нэгэдэһэн можодо нэгэдхэһэн. Англо-, франкоканадынхид францишуудай эрхые һэргээхын түлөө ассемблейда хамтадаа ажаллажа байба. 1849 он гэхэдэ Британиин Хойто Америкын бүхы можын хэмжээндэ харюусалгатай засагай газар байгуулагдаба.

1846 ондо Британи, АНУ хоёр [[Орегоной хэрээ]]дэ гарай үзэг зураһанаар Орегоной хилын маргааниие эцэс болгожо, хилые баруун зүгтэ 49-р үргэригэй утаашань тогтоожо, [[Ванкувер арал|Ванкувер аралай колони]] болон [[Британиин Колумби|Британиин Колумбиин колонидохи]] Британиин колонинуудта зам гаргаһан бэлэй. Канада Рупертын газар болон [[Хойто мүльһэн далай]]н бүһэ нютагые эзэмшэхын тулада баруун зүгтэ хайгуулын субарал экспедици эльгэбэ. Түрэлтын хуби үндэр байһан тула Канадын хүн зон хурдан ехэдхэһэн. Харин Британиһаа ерэжэ байһан сагаашадай тоо [[Америкын Нэгэдэһэн Улас]] уруу гараха сагаашад, илангаяа [[Шэнэ Англи]] руу нүүжэ байһан франкоканадынхидай тоогоор тэглэгдэжэ байба.

[[Файл:Canada provinces evolution.gif|thumbnail|left|250px|Холбоо байгуулагдаһанһаа хойшохи Канадын нютаг дэбисхэрэй хубилалтын харуулһан хүдэлөөнтэй газарай зураг]]
Үндэһэн хуулиин хэд хэдэн хуралай дараа, 1867 оной Үндэһэн хуулиин актаар 1867 оной долодугаар һарын 1-ндэ Канада нэрын доро [[Онтарио]], [[Квебек]], [[Шэнэ Шотланд]], [[Нью-Брансуик]] гэһэн дүрбэн можо бүхы нэгэ Доминион байгуулан Холбооной үндэһэн һууриие табиһан бэлэй.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | last=Farthing |first= John |title= Freedom Wears a Crown |location= Toronto |publisher=Kingswood House |date=1957 |id = ASIN B0007JC4G2}}&lt;/ref&gt; Канада Рупертын газар болон Баруун хойто нютагые хиналтадаа абажа, [[Баруун Хойто Нютаг дэбисхэр]]ые байгуулһан болоод тэндэхиин [[Канадын метисүүд|метисүүдэй]] (Métis) гомдол [[Улаан голой бодолго]] гарахада хүргэһэн болоод энэ бодолгын дүндэ 1870 оной долодугаар һарада [[Манитоба]] можые байгуулба. Британиин Колумби ба Ванкувер арал (1866 ондо нэгэдэжэ Ванкувер арал ба Британиин Колумбиин Нэгэдэһэн колонинууд болоһон бэлэй), [[Принц Эдвардын арал]]ай колони 1871, 1873 ондо тус тус Холбоондо нэгэдхэһэн.

[[Канадын юрэнхы сайд|Юрэнхы сайд]] [[Джон Александер Макдональд|Джон А. Макдональдын]] ударидаһан [[Канадын Консерватив нам|консерватив нам]] дүнгэжэ бии боложо байһан Канадын үйлэдбэрилэлэй һалбариие хамгаалхын тулада тарифай үндэһэнэй бодолго хэрэгжүүлһэн. Баруунай нээхын тулада засагай газар түби дамнаһан гурбан түмэр замай (эгээн алдартайнь [[Канадын Номгон Далайн түмэр зам]]) барилгын ажалые санхүүжүүлжэ, Доминионой «Газар тухай акт» гарган эрьедтэ тала нютагта һуурижаха боломжые нээжэ үгэһэн болоод энэ нютаг дэбисхэртэ эрхэ мэдэлээ батадхахын тулада [[Канадын эзэн хаанай морито сагдаа|Баруун-Хойто нютаг дэбисхэрэй морито сагдаа]] байгуулба. 1898 ондо Баруун Хойто нютаг дэбисхэртэ гараһан [[Клондайкай алтанай халуурал|Клондайкын алтанай халуурал]] дараа Канадын засагай газар [[Юкон]]ой нютаг дэбисхэрые байгуулһан. [[Канадын Либерал нам|Либерал]] [[Канадын юрэнхы сайд|юрэнхы сайд]] [[Уилфрид Лорье]]гэй ударидалга доро Европын эхэ газарай сагаашад тала нютагта һуурижаһан аад 1905 ондо [[Альберта]], [[Саскачеван]] можонууд байгуулагдаба.

=== Автономито Канада ===
[[Изображение:Canadian tank and soldiers Vimy 1917.jpg|мини|слева|1917 ондо Канадын сэрэгүүд [[Вими шэлын тулалдаан]]да илалта байгуулһан юм.]]
1914 ондо Британи дайн зарлахада Канада Дэлхэйн нэгэдүгээр дайнда автоматаар орожо, һайн дурынхидые (волонтёрнүүдые) Урда фронт руу эльгээһэн [[Вими шэлын тулалдаан]]да томохон үүргэ гүйсэдхээ һэн. Канадын консерватив Юрэнхы сайд [[Роберт Борден]] франци хэлэтэ квебекшүүдэй эсэргүүсэлые үлэ хайхаран сэрэгэй албые заабал хааха алба болгоһоноор [[1917 оной сэрэг таталгын хёморол]]ые дэгдээбэ. 1919 ондо Канада Британиһаа тусдаа [[Үндэһэтэнүүдэй лигэ]]дэ оролсууһан болон 1931 ондо [[Вестминстерэй тогтоол]]оор Канадын тусгаар тогтонолые баталгаажуулаа һэн.

[[Ехэ уналта]] Канадын бүхы нютагта эдэй засагай хүндэрэл асарба. Энэнэй харюуд [[Альберта]], [[Саскачеван]]дахи [[Хоршоололой Хамтын Нүхэрлэлэй Холбоо]] (ХХНХ) 1940-1950-яад ондо Томми Дугласай анха һанаашалһан халамжын уласые анха зүгнөө. [[Дэлхэйн хоёрдугаар дайн]]ай үеэр Британи Германида дайн зарлаһанһаа хойшо гурба хоногой дараа Канада Либерал Юрэнхы сайд [[Уильям Лайон Макензи Кинг]]ын ударидалга доро Германида хараата бусаар дайн зарлаһан. Канадын армиин түрүүшын анги нэгэдхэлнүүд 1939 оной арбанхоёрдугаар һарада Британида ерэсхээһэн юм.&lt;ref name=&quot;stacey&quot;&gt;{{cite book | last = Stacey |first= C.P.| authorlink =C.P. Stacey | title=History of the Canadian Army in the Second World War | publisher = Queen's Printer | year= 1948}}&lt;/ref&gt; Канадын сэрэг [[Атлантын Далайн тулалдаан (1939-1945)|Атлантын Далайн тулалдаан]], нуран унаһан 1942 оной Францидахи [[Дииппиин добтолго]], [[Холбоотоной Италиие эзэлхэ ажаллалга]], D-үдэрэй Нормандиин буулга, [[Нормандиин тулалдаан]], 1944 оной [[Шэлдтын тулалдаан]] зэргэдэ шухала үүргэ гүйсэдхэбэ. Нидерландые эзэлэгдэһэнэй дараа дайнай үеэр тус уласай хаанай гэр бүлые орогнуулжа байһанайхинь түлөө [[Нидерланд]] Канадада талархал хүргэһэн болон Нидерландые [[Нацис Германи]]һаа сүлөөлхэдэ манлайлжа, томохон хуби нэмэри оруулһанайхи түлөө талархаһанаа элирхылһэн. Канадын ажаүйлэдбэри Канада, Британи, Хитад, [[Зүблэлтэ Холбоо]]до зорюулан сэрэгэй зорюулалтатай техника, хэрэгсэл үйлэдбэрилжэ байһан тула эдэй засаг сэсэглэн хүгжөө һэн. Квебектэ [[1944 оной сэрэг таталгын хёморол|сэрэг таталгын хёморол]] дахин дэгдэһэншье гэһэн Канада дэлхэйдэ томдоо орохо зэбсэгтэ хүсэнтэйгээр дайниие дүүргэгдэһэн.&lt;ref name=&quot;stacey&quot;/&gt; 1945 ондо дайнай үеэр Канада [[Нэгэдэһэн Үндэһэнэй Байгуулга]]да оруулсаһан анханай уласуудай нэгэ болоһон.

1949 ондо [[Ньюфаундленд ба Лабрадор|Ньюфаундленд]] Холбоондо нэгэдээ. Дайнай дараа Канада сэсэглэн хүгжэжэ, эдэй засаг үргэжэжэ тэлэһэнээр [[Дэлхэйн хоёрдугаар дайнай дараахи түрэлтын орьёл үе|хүүгэд олоноор түрэжэ]], дайнай хүлдэ нэрбэгдэһэн Европын уласуудһаа сагаашадай татаха болобо.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | author= Harold Troper |publisher= Ontario Institute for Studies in Education |url=http://ceris.metropolis.net/Virtual%20Library/Demographics/troper1/troper1.html |title=History of Immigration to Toronto Since the Second World War: From Toronto 'the Good' to Toronto 'the World in a City' |date=2000-03 |accessdate=2006-05-19}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Мүнөө үе ===
[[Лестер Пирсон]], [[Пьер Трудо]] хоёрой дараалан гаража ерэһэн [[Канадын либерал нам|Либерал]] засагай газарнуудай ударидалга доро Канадын шэнэ онсолиг сарай бүрилдэн бии болобо. Канада мүнөөнэй [[Канадын далбаа|агша модоной набшата далбаагаа]] 1965 ондо баталһан. Үлүү хатуу байра һууритай франци хэлэтэ Квебекэй харюуда холбооной засагай газар [[1969 оной Канадын албан ёһоной хэлэнүүд тухай акт]]аар албан ёһоной хоёр хэлэтэй болобо. 1967, 1976 ондо илгабарилан гадуурхаха үзэлгүй [[Канададахи сагаашалал|сагаашалалай хуулинууд]] баталжа, 1971 ондо олон соёлһоо бүридэһэн улас болохо бодолго ябуулжа эхилһэнээр; Европо буса сагаашадай дабалгаа тус уласай нюур сарайе хубилаа һэн. [[Медикэр (Канада)|Ниитын элүүр мэндын үйлэшэлгэ]], [[Канадын тэдхэбэриин түлэблэлгэ]], [[Канадын оюутанай зээл]], [[Канадын хүрэнгэ оруулалга|Гадаадын хүрэнгэ оруулалгые хинаха алба]], [[Үндэһэнэй эршэм хүсэнэй хүтэлбэри]] зэргэ социал-демократ хүтэлбэринүүд 1960-1970-аад ондо бии болоһон болобошье можын засагай газарнууд, илангаяа Квебек, Альбертагай засагай газарнууд эдэнэй олонхиие өөрһэдын харьяалха асуудалда хамааралсалгаһаа оролсоһон ябадал гэжэ үзэжэ эсэргүүсэһэн байна. Эсэстэнь Юрэнхы сайд Трудогоор ударидуулһан үндэһэн хуулиин хуралнууд боложо, эдэнэй үрэ дүндэ үндэһэн хууляа Британиһаа тусгаарлан 1982 оной Үндэһэн хуулиин актда хуби хүнэй эрхэ дээрэ тулгуурилһан [[Канадын эрхэ сүлөөнэй харти]]ие гаргаһан ажа һэн. Канадашууд ниитын элүүр мэндын үйлэшэлгын тогтолсоогоороо, тэрэшэлэн олон соёл, хүнэй эрхэдэ уялгатай байдагаараа бахархадаг.&lt;ref name=&quot;bickerton&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author=Bickerton, James &amp; Gagnon, Alain-G &amp; Gagnon, Alain (Eds). |title=Canadian Politics |publisher=Broadview Press |edition=4th edition |location=Orchard Park, NY |id=ISBN 1-55111-595-6 |year=2004}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Квебек 1960-аад оной [[Аргаахан хубисхал]]ай ябасада ниигэм, эдэй засагай маша ехэ хубилалтада ороһон. [[Жан Лесаж]]ай ударидаһан [[Квебекэй үндэһэнэй үзэл]]тэнүүд автономи эрхые үргэжүүлхэ шахалта үзүүлжэ эхилһэн.&lt;ref name = &quot;QR&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last= Bйlanger |first= Claude |publisher= Marionopolis College, Montreal |url= http://faculty.marianopolis.edu/c.belanger/quebechistory/events/quiet.htm |title= Quiet Revolution |work= Quebec History |date= 2000-08-03 |accessdate= 2008 |archivedate= 2008-02-02 |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20080202045040/http://faculty.marianopolis.edu/c.belanger/quebechistory/events/quiet.htm }}&lt;/ref&gt; Радикал үзэлтэй [[Квебекэй сүлөөлхэ фронт]] 1970 ондо Квебекэй бэе даанги байдалые шаардажа бүмбэгэ дэлбэлжэ, хүн хулгайлһанаар [[арбадугаар һарын химарал]]ые дэгдээһэн. Үлүү аядуу үзэлтэй [[Рене Левеск]]ын [[Квебекэй нам]] (''Parti québécois'') 1976 ондо түрын эрхэдэ гаража, 1980 ондо Квебекэй [[бүрин эрхэтэ улас|бүрин эрхэтэ байдалай]] талаар бүхы ниитын һанал хураалта ябуулһан болобошье амжалта олоогүй юм.
[[Брайан Малруни]]ин [[Канадын дэбжэлтэтэ консерватив нам|дэбжэлтэтэ консерватив намай]] засагай газар 1989 ондо [[Мич нуурай зүбшэлсэл]]өөр Квебекые &quot;онсолиг ниигэм&quot; гэһэн үндэһэн хуулида хүлеэн зүбшөөрхые оролдоһон болобошье амжалтагүй болоо һэн. Үндэһэн хуулиин маргаанаар дэгдэһэн бүһын хурсадамал байдал бүһын шэнэхэн намууд болохо [[Люсиан Бушар]]аар ударидуулһан [[Квебекэй блок]] (''Bloc québécois'') болон Баруун Канадын [[Престон Мэннинг]]ээр ударидуулһан [[Канадын Шэнэшлэлэй нам]]да Дэбжэлтэтэ консерватившуудые 1993 оной холбооной һунгууляар табадугаар байра руу ухарааха боломжо үгөө. 1995 ондо ябагдаһан [[1995 оной Квебекэй бүхы ниитын һанал асуулга|Квебекэй бүрин эрхэтэ байдал тухай хоёрдохи удаанай бүхы ниитын һанал асуулга]] 50,6 : 49,4 гү, али маша үсөөхэн хубяар татгалзаһан дүн гараа.&lt;ref name=&quot;dickinson&quot;&gt;{{cite book |first= John Alexander |last=Dickinson |coauthors=Young, Brian |year=2003 |title=A Short History of Quebec |publisher=McGill-Queen's University Press |edition=3rd edition |location= Montreal |id=ISBN 0-7735-2450-9}}&lt;/ref&gt; 1997 ондо Канадын Дээдэ Шүүхэ али нэгэ можо дангаараа тусгаарлахые үндэһэн хуулида ниисэхэгүй гэһэн шиидбэри гаргаһан болоод Жан Шретианай Либерал засагай газар хэлэлсэн тохирһон тусгаарлалтын нүхэсэлые зааһан &quot;[[Тодорхой байдалай акт]]&quot; гаргаба.&lt;ref name=&quot;dickinson&quot; /&gt; Шэнэшлэлэй нам [[Канадын эбсэл]] болон үргэжэжэ, Дэбжэлтэтэ консерватившуудтай нэгдэн [[Канадын Консерватив нам]]ые 2003 ондо байгуулаа. 2006 оной холбооной һунгууляар Консерватившууд [[Стивен Харпер]]ай ударидалга доро үсөөнхиин засагай газар байгуулхаар һуудалтай һунгагдаһан. Тэрэ жэлэйнгээ һүүлээр Канадын парламент Канадын дотор Квебекшүүд үндэһэтэн гэһэн хүлеэн зүбшөөрхээр [[Квебекшүүд үндэһэтэнэй һанал|бэлэгдэлэй һаналые]] баталаа һэн.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.cbc.ca/canada/story/2006/11/22/harper-quebec.html | title = Quebecers form a nation within Canada: PM | publisher = Canadian Broadcasting Corporation | date = 2006-11-22 | accessdate = 2008-07-27 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20061206004618/http://www.cbc.ca/canada/story/2006/11/22/harper-quebec.html | archivedate = 2006-12-06 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[File:Oui1995referendum.jpg|thumb|1995 оной Квебекэй бүрин эрхэтэ байдал тухай хоёрдохи удаагай бүхы ниитын һанал асуулга]]
Засагай газарай агентлигууд олон жэлэй турша хайхархагүй, зүй бусаар харисажа байһанай уламһаа унаган [[Индеецүүд|Анханай Үндэһэтэнүүд]] 1960-аад ондо холбооной шүүхэдэ [[Унаган эрхэтэдэй газарай нэхэмжэлэл|газар нэхэмжэлжэ]] үргэдэл гаргахада хүргэһэн болоод уламаар түүхэн хэрээнэй эрхүүдээ хүлеэн зүбшөөрүүлхээр холбооной болон можын засагай газарнуудтай хэлэлсээ хэжэ эхилээ. 1990-ээд ондо хэлэлсээнэй удаан ябасада дурагүйсэһэн дурагүйсэлһээ боложо хүсэн хэрэглэһэн мүргэлдөөнүүд гараһан. Тухайлбал [[Окагиин химарал]], [[Иппервошиин химарал]], [[Густафсен нуурай эсэргүүсэл]] гараһан. Гэхыдээ 1999 онд Канада [[Нунавут]]ые байгуулжа [[инуитууд]]ай автономито эрхые хүлеэн зүбшөөрһэн болон [[Британиин Коламби]]дахи [[Нисга'агай эсэсэй хэлэлсээр|Нисга'агай нэхэмжэлэлые]] шиидбэрилбэ. 2008 ондо Канадын засагай газар унаган эрхэтэдые соёлой хубида уусхахын тулада дотуур байртай һургуулинууд байгуулһанайнгаа түлөө албан ёһоор уушалал гуйһан.

== Засагай газар ба улас түрэ ==
[[File:Canadian parliament MAM.JPG|thumb|alt=A building with a central clocktower rising from a block|Канадын [[Оттава]] ниислэл хотодохи Парламентын гүбээ]]
Канада [[үндэһэн хуулита хаанта засаг]]тай болон Канадын Хатан хаан [[II Елизавета]] түрын тэргүүн болон [[Канадын Юрэнхы сайд]] засагай газарай тэргүүн юм.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |author=Heritage Canada |authorlink=Department of Canadian Heritage |publisher=Heritage Canada |url=http://www.pch.gc.ca/royalvisit2005/53_e.cfm |title=The Queen and Canada: 53 Years of Growing Together |date=[[2005-04-21]] |accessdate=2006-05-14 |archivedate=2008-09-21 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080921072211/http://www.pch.gc.ca/royalvisit2005/53_e.cfm }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |author=Governor General of Canada |authorlink=Governor General of Canada |publisher=Governor General of Canada |url=http://www.gg.ca/gg/rr/index_e.asp |title=Role and Responsibilities of the Governor General |date=[[2005-12-06]] |accessdate=2006-05-14 |archivedate=2007-12-11 |archiveurl=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20071211191052/http://www.gg.ca/gg/rr/index_e.asp }}&lt;/ref&gt; Тус улас парламентын засаглалтай холбооной тогтолсоо, арадшалалай хүсэтэй уламжалал бүхы парламентын арадшалһан улас юм.

Гүйсэдхэхэ эрхэ мэдэл албан ёһоор, үндэһэн хуулиин ёһoop хатан хаанда хамаардаг.&lt;ref name=&quot;DJC&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Canada's System of Justice: The Canadian Constitution|publisher=Department of Justice Canada|url=http://www.justice.gc.ca/eng/dept-min/pub/just/05.html|quote=The executive power in Canada is vested in the Queen. In our democratic society, this is only a constitutional convention, as the real executive power rests with the Cabinet.|accessdate=2015-05-04|archivedate=2012-12-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121226090927/http://www.justice.gc.ca/eng/dept-min/pub/just/05.html}}&lt;br /&gt;{{cite web|title=''Constitution Act 1867''; III.9|publisher=Queen's Printer for Canada|url=http://laws.justice.gc.ca/en/const/index.html|quote=The Executive Government and Authority of and over Canada is hereby declared to continue and be vested in the Queen.|accessdate=2015-05-04|archivedate=2006-04-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060427011140/http://laws.justice.gc.ca/en/const/index.html}}&lt;br /&gt;{{cite web|title=''By Executive Decree'': The Governor General|publisher=Library and Archives Canada|url=http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/executive-decree/023004-2020-e.html|quote=The governor general holds formal executive power within the Queen's Privy Council for Canada, and signs orders-in-council.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Гэхыдээ үндэһэн хуулиин концепциин ёһoop хатан хаан ба тэрэнэй томилһон түлөөлэгшэ болохо Канадын Амбан захирагша ехэ түлэб ёһололой шэнжэтэй, улас түрын буса үүргэ гүйсэдхэдэг болон гүйсэдхэхэ эрхэ мэдэлые хэрэгжүүлхэ эрхэ Канадын засагай газарай танхимда байдаг.&lt;ref name=&quot;CSPS&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Responsible Government: Clarifying Essentials, Dispelling Myths and Exploring Change|publisher=Canada School of Public Service|url=http://www.ccmd-ccg.gc.ca/Research/publications/html/resgov/rg5_e.html|quote=Under the constitutional convention of responsible government, the powers of the Crown are exercised by Ministers, both individually and collectively.}}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author=Ray T. Donahue|title=Diplomatic Discourse: International Conflict at the United Nations|work=|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=zolqhgKCQ5IC&amp;pg=PA204&amp;lpg=PA204&amp;dq=%22symbolic+power%22+monarch+canada&amp;source=web&amp;ots=IXqQnZ7Hg8&amp;sig=afyqd8EUlF4YUlhr5kNKqkYHAtM&amp;hl=en|quote=As Head of State ... Elizabeth II has no political power, only symbolic power}}&lt;br /&gt;{{cite web|author=David Stewart|title=Introduction: Principles of the Westminster Model of Parliamentary Democracy|work=Module on Parliamentary Democracy|publisher=Commonwealth Parliamentary Association, Athabasca University|url=http://www.athabascau.ca/govn/parliamentary_democracy/chapters/index.html|quote=the Crown now serves as the ceremonial executive|accessdate=2015-05-04|archivedate=2011-06-15|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615165652/http://www.athabascau.ca/govn/parliamentary_democracy/chapters/index.html}}&lt;br /&gt;{{cite web|title=''By Executive Decree'':|publisher=Library and Archives Canada|url=http://collectionscanada.gc.ca/executive-decree/index-e.html|quote=As Canada is a constitutional monarchy, the symbolic head of the executive is the governor general.|accessdate=2015-05-04|archivedate=2016-02-15|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160215180143/http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/executive-decree/index-e.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; Засагай газар һунгууляар гаража ерэдэг [[Канадын Ниитын Танхим]]ай урда харюусалга хүлеэдэг сайднарһаа бүридэдэг болон Юрэнхы сайд засагай газарые тэргүүлдэг. Юрэнхы сайд голдуу Ниитын Танхимай этигэлые хүлеэһэн намай дарга байдаг. Тиимэһээ Засагай газарые гүйсэдхэхэ эрхэ мэдэлые эдибхэтэй хэрэгжүүлэгшэ байгуулга гэжэ үзэдэг.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=McWhinney|first=Edward|title = ''The Governor General and the Prime Ministers''|publisher = Ronsdale Press|date = 2005|location = Vancouver|pages = 25|isbn = 1-55380-031-1}}&lt;br /&gt;{{cite web|title=''By Executive Decree'': The Cabinet|publisher=Library and Archives Canada|url=http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/executive-decree/023004-2040-e.html|quote=The Cabinet as selected and directed by the prime minister constitutes the active seat of executive power in Canada.}}&lt;br /&gt;{{cite web|author= Joseph Magnet|title= Separation of Powers in Canada|work= Constitutional Law of Canada|publisher= University of Ottawa Faculty of Law|url= http://www.uottawa.ca/constitutional-law/Division%20of%20Powers%20Topics%20-%20Separation%20of%20Powers.htm|quote= ... democratic principles dictate that the bulk of the Governor General's powers be exercised in accordance with the wishes of the leadership of that government, namely the Cabinet. So the true executive power lies in the Cabinet.|accessdate= 2015-05-04|archivedate= 2014-09-15|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20140915035150/http://www.uottawa.ca/constitutional-law/Division%20of%20Powers%20Topics%20-%20Separation%20of%20Powers.htm}}&lt;br /&gt;{{cite web|title=''By Executive Decree'': The Cabinet|publisher=Library and Archives Canada|url=http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/executive-decree/023004-2040-e.html|quote=The Cabinet as selected and directed by the prime minister constitutes the active seat of executive power in Canada.}}&lt;br /&gt;{{cite web|author=W.A. Matheson|title=Prime Minister|work=The Canadian Encyclopedia|publisher=|url=http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&amp;Params=A1ARTA0006474|quote=The prime minister is the chief minister and effective head of the executive in a parliamentary system ...|accessdate=2015-05-04|archivedate=2011-11-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111105053737/http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&amp;Params=A1ARTA0006474}}&lt;br /&gt;{{cite web|author=|title=The Prime Minister|work=By Executive Decree|publisher=National Archives of Canada|url=http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/executive-decree/023004-2030-e.html|quote=While the modern governor general has only a nominal influence on the operation of the Canadian government, the prime minister's influence is decisive.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;DJC&quot;/&gt; Харюусалгатай засагай газарай заршамуудһаа гаража ерэһэн энэ зохисуулалта&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Canadian Cofederation: Responsible Government|publisher=Library and Archives Canada|url=http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/confederation/023001-2974-e.html|quote=The Executive Council would be governed by the leader of the political party that held an elected majority in the Legislative Assembly. That same leader would also appoint the members of the Executive Council. The governor would therefore be forced to accept these &quot;ministers&quot;, and if the majority of the members of the Legislative Assembly voted against them, they would have to resign. The governor would also be obliged to ratify laws concerning the internal affairs of the colony once these laws had been passed to the Legislative Assembly.}}&lt;br /&gt;{{cite web|title=''The Canadian Encyclopedia'': Responsible Government|publisher=Historica Foundation of Canada|url=http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&amp;Params=A1ARTA0006792|quote=This key principle of responsibility, whereby a government needed the confidence of Parliament, originated in established British practice. But its transfer to British N America gave the colonists control of their domestic affairs, since a governor would simply follow the advice (ie, policies) of responsible colonial ministers.|accessdate=2015-05-04|archivedate=2011-12-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111217060429/http://thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&amp;Params=A1ARTA0006792}}&lt;br /&gt;{{cite web|author=|title=Responsible Government and Checks and Balances: The Crown|work=|publisher=|url=http://www.ccmd-ccg.gc.ca/Research/publications/html/resgov/rg9_e.html#crown|quote=Responsible government means that the Crown no longer has the prerogative to select or remove Ministers. They are selected and removed by the first Minister—the Prime Minister.|accessdate=2015-05-04|archivedate=2008-12-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081202014226/http://www.ccmd-ccg.gc.ca/Research/publications/html/resgov/rg9_e.html#crown}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;CSPS&quot; /&gt; засагай газарай тогтоборитой байдалые хангажа, Засагай газарай танхимай бусад гэшүүд, сенаторнар, холбооной шүүхын шүүгшэд, хатан хаанай корпорацинууд, засагай газарай агентлигуудай тэргүүнүүд, холбооной болон можын түлөөлэгшэдые томилхоор һунгадаг Юрэнхы сайдай албые тус тогтолсооной эгээн хүсэтэй байгуулгануудай нэгэ болгодог.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |author= |title=Responsible Government and Checks and Balances: The Crown |work=Responsible Government: Clarifying Essentials, Dispelling Myths and Exploring Change |publisher=Canada School of Public Service |url=http://www.ccmd-ccg.gc.ca/Research/publications/html/resgov/rg9_e.html#crown |quote=Ministers are thereby accountable to the Prime Minister who, in the Canadian tradition, has the sole power to appoint and dismiss them. |accessdate=2015-05-04 |archivedate=2008-12-02 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081202014226/http://www.ccmd-ccg.gc.ca/Research/publications/html/resgov/rg9_e.html#crown }}&lt;/ref&gt; Гэхыдээ хатан хаан ба Амбан захирагша үндэһэн хуулиин химарал гараһан онсогой нүхэсэлдэ онсо эрхээ хэрэгжүүлхэ эрхэтэй юм.&lt;ref name=&quot;Forsey&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last=Forsey|first=Eugene|title=''How Canadians Govern Themselves'': Parliamentary Government (pg. 2)|publisher=Queen's Printer for Canada|url=http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/idb/forsey/parl_gov_02-e.asp|quote=In very exceptional circumstances, the Governor General could refuse a request for a fresh election.}}&lt;br /&gt;{{cite web|last=Forsey|first=Eugene|title=''How Canadians Govern Themselves'': The Institutions of Our Federal Government (pg. 2)|publisher=Queen's Printer for Canada|url=http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/idb/forsey/institutions_02-e.asp|quote=But they almost invariably must act on their Ministers’ advice, though there may be very rare occasions when they must, or may, act without advice or even against the advice of the Ministers in office.}}&lt;br /&gt;{{cite web|last=Forsey|first=Eugene|title=''How Canadians Govern Themselves'': Canadian and American Government (pg. 2)|publisher=Queen's Printer for Canada|url=http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/idb/forsey/can_am_gov_02-e.asp|quote=Yes: in Canada, the head of state can, in exceptional circumstances, protect Parliament and the people against a Prime Minister and Ministers who may forget that &quot;minister&quot; means &quot;servant,&quot; and may try to make themselves masters. For example, the head of state could refuse to let a Cabinet dissolve a newly elected House of Commons before it could even meet, or could refuse to let Ministers bludgeon the people into submission by a continuous series of general elections.}}&lt;br /&gt;{{cite web|last=Zolf|first=Larry|title=CBC News: ''Boxing in a Prime Minister''|publisher=CBC News|date=2002-06-28|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/viewpoint/vp_zolf/20020628.html|quote=The Governor General must take all steps necessary to thwart the will of a ruthless prime minister prematurely calling for the death of a Parliament.|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20040412233634/http://www.cbc.ca/news/viewpoint/vp_zolf/20020628.html|archivedate=2004-04-12|accessdate=2015-05-04}}&lt;br /&gt;{{cite web|title=''By Executive Decree'': The Governor General|publisher=Library and Archives Canada|url=http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/executive-decree/023004-2020-e.html|quote=In exceptional circumstances, the governor general may appoint or dismiss a prime minister.}}&lt;br /&gt;{{cite web|title=Governor General of Canada: Role and Responsibilities of the Governor General|publisher=Office of the Governor General of Canada|url=http://www.gg.ca/gg/rr/index_e.asp|quote=One of the governor general’s most important responsibilities is to ensure that Canada always has a prime minister and a government in place. In the case of the death of a prime minister, it is the governor general’s responsibility to ensure the continuity of government.|accessdate=2015-05-04|archivedate=2007-12-11|archiveurl=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20071211191052/http://www.gg.ca/gg/rr/index_e.asp}}&lt;br /&gt;{{cite book|last=McWhinney|first=Edward|title = ''The Governor General and the Prime Ministers''|publisher = Ronsdale Press|date = 2005|location = Vancouver|pages = 16-17; 34|isbn = 1-55380-031-1}}&lt;br /&gt;[http://www.canadianheritage.gc.ca/progs/cpsc-ccsp/fr-rf/couronne_crown_canada/06-600crown_of_maples_e.pdf MacLeod, Kevin S.; ''A Crown of Maples: Constitutional Monarchy in Canada''; The Queen in Right of Canada; 2008] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081102014353/http://www.canadianheritage.gc.ca/progs/cpsc-ccsp/fr-rf/couronne_crown_canada/06-600crown_of_maples_e.pdf |date=2008-11-02 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[File:Cansenate.jpg|thumb|Сенат танхимай хуралдаанай танхим]]
Хоёрдохи олон һуудал абаһан намай дарга һөөргэ хүсэнэй ударидагша болодог болон засагай газарые хинажа байдаг парламентын сэсэ буляалдаанай тогтолсоодо нэгэ гол үүргэ гүйсэдхэдэг. 2007 оной юһэдүгээр һарын 27-һоо хойшо [[Микаэль Жан]] Канадын Амбан захирагшын алба, 2006 оной хоёрдугаар һарын 6-һаа хойшо [[Канадын Консерватив нам]]ай дарга [[Стивен Харпер]] Юрэнхы сайдай алба хашажа байгаа бол, 2006 оной арбанхоёрдугаар һарын 2-һоо хойшо [[Канадын Либерал нам]]ай дарга [[Стефан Дион]] һөөргэ хүсэнэй ударидагшын үүргэ гүйсэдхэжэ байна.

[[Канадын парламент|Холбооной парламент]] Хатан хаан (Амбан захирагшаар түлөөлүүлһэн) болон хоёр танхимһаа бүридэдэг. Ниитын танхим һунгууляар бүрилдэдэг бол [[Канадын Сенат]]ай гэшүүд томилогдодог юм.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Constitution Act, 1867; IV|publisher=Queen's Printer for Canada|url=http://laws.justice.gc.ca/en/const/c1867_e.html#legislative|quote=There shall be One Parliament for Canada, consisting of the Queen, an Upper House styled the Senate, and the House of Commons.|accessdate=2015-05-04|archivedate=2006-06-14|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060614091739/http://laws.justice.gc.ca/en/const/c1867_e.html#legislative}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Parliament of Canada: About the Governor General of Canada|publisher=Queen's Printer for Canada|url=http://www2.parl.gc.ca/Parlinfo/pages/govgeneral.aspx?Language=E&amp;Menu=GG|quote=Parliament is the legislative branch of Government, composed of the Sovereign (represented by the Governor General), the Senate and the House of Commons.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ниитын танхимай гэшүүн бүри һунгуулиин тойрргуудһаа энгын олонхиин һаналаар һунгагдадаг. Юрэнхы һунгуули тогтоһон хугасаанай дагуу дүрбэн жэл тутамда нэгэ удаа болодог гү, али Ниитын танхимай Засагай газарта этигэл үзүүлхэ үгы, гү талаархи һанал хураалтаар Засагай газар этигэл хүлеээгүй тохёолдолдо (ганса үсөөнхиин засагай газар байгуулагдаһан үедэл боломжотой) ээлжэтэ буса һунгуули зарлажа болоно. Һуудалыень бүһэ бүһээр хубаарилһан Сенатай гэшүүдые Юрэнхы сайд һунгажа, Амбан захирагша албан ёһоор томилдог ба тэдэ 75 наһа хүрэтэрээ энэ албые хашадаг.

2006 оной һунгуулиһаа хойшо холбооной парламентда табан нам түлөөлэлтэй байна. Тухайлбал: [[Канадын Консерватив нам]] (эрхэ баригша нам), [[Канадын Либерал нам]] (албан ёһоной һүргэ хүсэн), [[Шэнэ Арадшалһан нам]] (ШАН), ''[[Блок Квебекуа]]'', [[Канадын Ногоон нам]]. Парламентда һуудал абажа байһан бүхы улас түрын намуудай жагсаалта нэлээд ута болоно.

Канадын холбооной бүтэсын дамжан үндэһэн хууляар засагай газарай харюусалгые холбооной засагай газар ба арбан можодо хубаарилһан. Эдэ можын нэгэ танхимта хуули тогтоохо байгуулгануудынь холбооной Ниитын танхимтай адли парламентын хэлбэреэр үйлэ ажаллалга ябуулдаг. Канадын гурбан нютаг дэбисхэр мүн хуули тогтоохо байгуулгатай болобошье үндэһэн хуулиин харюусалга можынхиһаа бага болоод бүтэсын хубида зарим талаар өөр (жэшээлбэл Нунавутын хуули тогтоохо хуралда улас түрын намууд байхагүй болон зүбшэлсэлэй үндэһэн дээрэ ажалладаг).

== Засаг захиргаанай хубаари ==
Канада арбан можо, гурбан нютаг дэбисхэрһээ бүридхэһэн холбооной улас болон эдэ бүһэшэлжэ болодог. Баруун Канадын [[Британиин Колумби]] болон [[Канадын тала|тала нютагай гурбан можоһоо]] ([[Альберта]], [[Саскачеван]], [[Манитоба]]) бүридэнэ. [[Түб Канада]] [[Квебек]], [[Онтарио]] можонуудһаа бүридэнэ. [[Канадын Атлантын Далайн Бүһэ]] далайн эрьеын гурбан можо ([[Нью-Брансвик]], [[Принц Эдвардын арал]], [[Шэнэ Шотланд]]), болон [[Ньюфаундленд ба Лабрадор]]һоо бүридэнэ. [[Зүүн Канада]] гэжэ Түб Канада, Канадын Атлантын Далайн Бүһые хамтадань хэлэдэг. Гурбан нютаг дэбисхэр ([[Юкон]], [[Баруун Хойто нютаг дэбисхэр]], [[Нунавут]]) Хойто Канадые бүридүүлдэг. Можонууд нютаг дэбисхэрһээ үлүү ехэ өөртөө засаха эрхтэй. Можо, нютаг дэбисхэр бүри өөрын бэлэг тэмдэгтэй.

Можонууд Канадын ниигэмэй ехэнхи хүтэлбэриие (тухайлбал элүүр мэндэ, болбосорол, халамжа) харюусадаг болон хамтадаа холбооной засагай газарһаа ехэ оролго суглуулдаг дэлхэйдэ бараг ганса бүтэсэ юм. Холбооной засагай газар зарсуулха эрхэ мэдэлээ ашаглан Канадын элүүр мэндэ тухай акт зэргэ үндэһэнэй бодолгые можонуудта хэрэгжүүлжэ болоно. Можонууд эдэ хамрагдахагүй байхаар шиидэжэ болохо болобошье практикада иигэхэ хобор байдаг. Баян, ядуу можонуудай хоорондо үйлэшэлгэ, татабариин харисангы жэгдэ стандартые хангахын тулада холбооной засагай газар тэгшэ байдалые хангаха мүнгэ олгодог.

Бүхы можонууд дан танхимта парламенттай болон Канадын Юрэнхы сайдай нэгэн адли һунгагдаһан Юрэнхы сайдаар ударидуулһан, һунгууляар гаража ерэдэг хуули тогтоохо байгуулгатай. Можо бүридэ Хатан хааные түлөөлхэ Канадын Амбан Захирагшатай адли Дэд Захирагша һуудаг. Дэд Захирагша Канадын Юрэнхы Сайдай зүблэһэнөөр томилогдодог болобошье һүүлшын жэлнүүдтэ можын засагай газарнуудтай зүбшэлдэжэ байжа энэ албанда томилхонь улам ехэдхэжэ байна.
&lt;center&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Канадын засаг захиргаанай хубаари
|- align=center
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Файл:Map Canada political ru.png|700px|безрамки]]
|-align=&quot;left&quot;
| style=&quot;margin:auto;&quot; style=&quot;padding-right:1em; vertical-align:top;&quot; |
&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;'''Можонууд &lt;sup&gt;(1)&lt;/sup&gt;'''&lt;/div&gt;
----
#  [[Файл:Flag of British Columbia.svg|border|22x20px]] [[Британиин Колумби]]
#  [[Файл:Flag of Alberta.svg|border|22x20px]] [[Альберта]]
#  [[Файл:Flag of Saskatchewan.svg|border|22x20px]] [[Саскачеван]]
#  [[Файл:Flag of Manitoba.svg|border|22x20px]] [[Манитоба]]
#  [[Файл:Flag of Ontario.svg|border|22x20px]] [[Онтарио (можо)|Онтарио]]
#  [[Файл:Flag of Quebec.svg|border|22x20px]] [[Квебек]]
#  [[Файл:Flag of New Brunswick.svg|border|22x20px]] [[Нью-Брансуик]]
#  [[Файл:Flag of Prince Edward Island.svg|border|22x20px]] [[Принц Эдвардын арал]]
#  [[Файл:Flag of Nova Scotia.svg|border|22x20px]] [[Шэнэ Шотланд]]
#  [[Файл:Flag of Newfoundland and Labrador.svg|border|22x20px]] [[Ньюфаундленд ба Лабрадор]]
| style=&quot;padding-right:1em; vertical-align:top;&quot; |
&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;'''Нютаг дэбисхэрнүүд &lt;sup&gt;(1)&lt;/sup&gt;'''&lt;/div&gt;
----
#  [[Файл:Flag of Yukon.svg|border|22x20px]] [[Юкон]]
#  [[Файл:Flag of the Northwest Territories.svg|border|22x20px]] [[Баруун Хойто нютаг дэбисхэр]]
#  [[Файл:Flag of Nunavut.svg|border|22x20px]] [[Нунавут]]
|-align=&quot;left&quot;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | ''&lt;small&gt;&lt;sup&gt;(1)&lt;/sup&gt;зүүн зүгһөө баруун зүг руу&lt;/small&gt;''
|}
&lt;/center&gt;

== Зурагай сомог ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
Cntower2.jpg|Торонто, Канадын хамагай томо хото
TeslinRiverYukon.jpg|Тэслин гол, Юкон
Canada-Hirsche.JPG|Буга
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Холбооһон ==
{{commonscat|Canada}}

== Зүүлтэ ==
{{Reflist}}

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[[Категори:Британиин хамтын нүхэрлэл]]</text>
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      <text bytes="2754" sha1="kusw65hlu12526fuqdwjejd15ejuwya" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Arctic Cisco.jpg|250px|thumb|Арктик оомоли]]
'''Арктик оомоли''' али олон '''омоли'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Книга:Пятиязычный словарь названий животных. Рыбы|страницы=70}}&lt;/ref&gt; (латин: ''Coregonus autumnalis'') Арктик дурадхалаар, Умард мөсөн далай загаhа үсхэбэрилгын хүтэлбэритэй хамтын захиралтаар, Аляска арлууд соо омолиин баялиг гамтайгаар ашаглахын түлөө, тэрэниие олзоборилго жэл бүри хиналта доро байдаг. Тиихэдээ омолиин тоо толгой тодорхойлогдожо, олзоборилжо болохо хэмжээн (ОДУ – общий допустимый улов), ерэхэ жэлэй олзоборилго хараалагдадаг. Нуурай эрьеhээ сааша омолиин наhан дунда зэргээр 7,56 жэл, тиихэдэ эрье шадарай омоли 6,03 жэл наhатай гээд элирэнхэй. Энэнь үнэндөө тус тустаа 6-hаа ба 5-hаа дээшэ байха ёhотой юм. Нуурай оёорой омоли бэшэ жэжэ загаhадтай үсөөхэнөөр баригдадаг, тэдэнэй наhан 9-11 жэл байдаг.&lt;ref&gt;{{Из БСЭ|http://slovari.yandex.ru/%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C/БСЭ/Омуль/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Sukhanova&gt;{{cite journal | last = Sukhanova | first = L.V. et al. | title = Grouping of Baikal Omul ''Coregonus autumnalis migratorius'' Georgi within the ''C. lavaretus'' complex confirmed by using a nuclear DNA marker | journal = Ann. Zool. Fenn. | volume = 41 | pages = 41–49 | year = 2004 | url = http://www.sekj.org/PDF/anz41-free/anz41-041.pdf }} {{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.sekj.org/PDF/anz41-free/anz41-041.pdf |accessdate=2012-12-07 |archivedate=2008-11-21 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081121161237/http://www.sekj.org/PDF/anz41-free/anz41-041.pdf }}&lt;/ref&gt; и выделен в отдельный вид {{lang-la2|coregonus migratorius}}&lt;ref name=fb&gt;{{FishBase | Байкальский омуль | genus = Coregonus | species = migratorius}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Зүүлтэ ==
{{зүүлтэ}}

== Холбооһон ==
* [http://www.sevin.ru/vertebrates/index.html?Fishes/60.html Позвоночные животные России: омуль] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924122236/http://www.sevin.ru/vertebrates/index.html?Fishes%2F60.html |date=2015-09-24 }}
* [http://fish4men.ru/omul/ Омуль: Описание и фото]
[[Категори:Загаhад]]</text>
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    <title>Улас оронуудай жагсаалта</title>
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      <text bytes="132713" sha1="p3ezp1u5ezvfm53yjke93p00546j8tu" xml:space="preserve">&lt;!-- Please discuss at talk before adding a map here. There are neutrality issues to resolve. --&gt;
[[File:Palais des Nations unies, à Genève.jpg|alt=A long row of flags|thumb|upright=1.2|[[Женева]] дахи [[Үндэһэтэнүүдэй Ордон]]ой үмэнэ [[Нэгэдэһэн Үндэһэтэнэй Байгуулга|НҮБ]]-ын [[НҮБ-ын гэшүүн уласууд|гэшүүн]] ба гэшүүн бэшэ ЮА ажаглагша гүрэнүүдэй туг.]]

Доорохи жагсаалта нь бүхэдэлхэйн [[Бүрин эрхэтэ улас|сувереннэ уласуудай]] статус, [[Суверенитет|суверенитетые]] зүбшөөһэн талаар мэдээсэлые байлгаһан жагсаалта юм.

Жагсаалтада ороһон 206 уласые [[НҮБ-ын системэ|НҮБ-ын системээр]] гэшүүн байлгагаар гурбан категорида хубаажа болоно: 193 [[НҮБ-ын гэшүүн уласууд|гэшүүн улас]],&lt;ref name=&quot;unms&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=United Nations Member States|url=https://www.un.org/en/members/index.shtml|publisher=United Nations|author=Press Release ORG/1469|access-date=November 3, 2019|date=3 July 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230101646/http://www.un.org/en/members/index.shtml|archive-date=30 December 2013|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[НҮБ-ын Юрэнхы Ассамблейн ажаглагшад|ЮА ажаглагша]] 2 улас, ба бусад 11 улас. ''Бүрин эрхэтэ байдалай арсалдаанай'' баганада арсалдаангүй бүрин эрхэтэ уласууд (188 улас), бүрин эрхын арсалдаантай уласууд (16 улас, 6 гэшүүн улас, 1 ЮА ажаглагша улас, ба бусад 9 улас байдаг), ба [[Кукай арал ба Ниуэгэй улас түрын статус|улас түрын тусхай статустай]] уласууд (2 улас) байдаг.

[[Бүрин эрхэтэ улас|Гүрэн байлгын критериин]] улас оронуудай хамтын бүлгэмэй бүхэ гэшүүдтэ заабол дагажа мүрдэхэ тодорхойлолто байдаггүй тула иимэ жагсаалта гаргаха нь түбэгтэй ба зүршэлдөөнтэй ябаса байжа болохо юм. Энэ жагсаалтын агуулгые тодорхойлходо ашаглаһан критериудай талаар дэлгэрэнгы мэдээсэл абахын тулада доорохи ''[[#Оруулха критери|оруулха критериие]] үзэгты. 

== Оруулха критери ==
Гүрэн байлгын [[Юрын уласхоорондын хуули|уласхоорондын хуулида булюу байха]] журам болбол [[1933 оной Монтевидеогой конвенци|1933 оной Монтевидеогой конвенциор]] кодифицировалһан [[Бүрин эрхэтэ улас#Тунхаглалай теори|гүрэн байлгын тунхаглалай теори]] юм. Энэ конвенцидэ гүрэные &quot;(a) байнгын хүн зон; (b) тодорхойлһон нютаг; (c) засагай газар; ба (d) бусад гүрэнүүдтэй харилсаанда орохо шадабаритай&quot; байбала уласхоорондын [[Хуулиин нюур|хуулида нюур]] гээшэ тодорхойлһон байдаг, гэбэшье'' энэ шанаруудые ''&quot;зэбсэг хэрэглэхэ, дипломат түлөөлэгшые занаха гү, али бусад үрэтэй албадаһан аргаар&quot; абаһан болбол тоосохогүй''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Hersch Lauterpacht|title=Recognition in International Law|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EWgEv1Qq2TwC&amp;pg=PA419|year=2012|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|page=419|isbn=9781107609433}}&lt;/ref&gt;''

[[Дипломат зүбшөөлгэ|Хүлээн зүбшөөлгые]] хэр зэргэ гүрэн байлгын критери болгон оруулха талаар арсалдаан хэгдэжэ байна. Гүрэн байлгын тунхаглалай теоринь гүрэн байлгань сэбэр объективнэ ба бусад уласуудай зүбшөөлгэнь хамаагүй гээшэ үзэдэг. Нүгөө таладань [[Бүрин эрхэтэ улас#Бүридүүлэгшэ теори|гүрэн байлгын бүридүүлэгшэ теоринь]] зүбхэн бусад [[Суверенитет|тусгаар]] уласууд зүбшөөһэн тохёолдолдо уласхоорондын хуулида нюур гээшэ тоосогдодог. Энэ жагсаалтада өөртөө бүрин эрхэтэ улас гэжэ үзэдэг бүхы уласууд (тусгаар тогтонолой тунхаглал гү, али бусад аргаар) багтаһан гү, али:

* гүрэн байлгын тунхаглалай теориие хангаһан гэжэ үзэдэг ''гү, али''
* [[НҮБ-ын гэшүүн уласууд|НҮБ-ын гэшүүн улас]] багадаа нэгэ улас тусгаар тогтониһон улас гэжэ зүбшөөһэн байха

== Гүрэнүүдэй жагсаалта ==
{| class=&quot;sortable wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:white; text-align:left;&quot;
! width=&quot;300pt&quot; |Юрэнхы ба албан нэрэнүүд
! width=&quot;150pt&quot; |[[НҮБ-ын системэ|НҮБ-ын системын]] гэшүүн байлга
! width=&quot;150pt&quot; |Суверенитедэй арсалдаан
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Суверенитедэй статус ба зүбшөөгдэһэн байдалай нэмэлтэ мэдээсэл
|- style=&quot;background:Darkgrey;&quot;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A AAA&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A AAA&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A AAA&lt;/span&gt;
|
|- style=&quot;background:Lightgrey;&quot;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;ZZZ&lt;/span&gt;↓ [[НҮБ-ын гэшүүн уласууд]] ба [[НҮБ-ын Юрэнхы Ассамблейн ажаглагшад|Юрэнхы Ассамблейн ажаглагша уласууд]] ↓
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A AAA&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;ZZZ&lt;/span&gt;
|
|-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;ZZZ&lt;/span&gt;''Абхази → [[Улас оронуудай жагсаалта#Абхази|Абхазиин жагсаалтые харагты]]''
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Азербайджан}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Бүгэдэ Найрамдаха Азербайджан Улас
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; НҮБ-ын гэшүүн улас
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Үгы
{{extent}}Азербайджанда, [[Бүгэдэ Найрамдаха Автономито Нахчыванай Улас|Нахчыван]], гэдэг нэгэ автономито гүрэн байдаг Азербайджанай баруун-урда хэсэгтэ ''де-факто'' [[Улас оронуудай жагсаалта#Арцах|Арцах]] улас байгуулагдаба.
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''[[Афганистан]]'''
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; [[НҮБ-ын гэшүүн уласууд|НҮБ-ын гэшүүн улас]]
|Үгы
{{extent}}НҮБ мүнөөнэй байдалаар {{flag|Лалын Бүгэдэ Найрамдаха Афганистан Улас}}ые, ''де-факто'' засагай газар {{flag|Лалын Эмиртэ Афганистан Улас}}ай орондо, Афганистанай засагай газар гэжэ зүбшөөһэн.&lt;ref name=&quot;akhund2&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|date=7 September 2021|title=Taliban announce new government for Afghanistan|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-58479750}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;UN_Seats_Denied&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|date=1 December 2021|title=U.N. Seats Denied, for Now, to Afghanistan’s Taliban and Myanmar’s Junta|work=nytimes|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/12/01/world/americas/united-nations-taliban-myanmar.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Албани}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Бүгэдэ Найрамдаха Албани Улас
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; НҮБ-ын гэшүүн улас
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Үгы
{{extent}}
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Алжир }}'''&amp;nbsp;– Бүгэдэ Найрамдаха Арадшалаһан Алжир Арад Улас
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; НҮБ-ын гэшүүн улас
|Үгы
{{extent}}
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Андорро}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Андоррын Гүнтэ Улас
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; НҮБ-ын гэшүүн улас
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Үгы
{{extent}}Андорродо түрын тэргүүнэй албаные [[Францын юрэнхылэгшэ]] ба, [[Арюун Шэрээ]]нэй зүбшөөлээр томилогдодог, Римэй Католик шажанай Урхелиин хамба лам,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/country_profiles/992562.stm#leaders|title=Andorra country profile|work=BBC News|access-date=8 November 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090215064605/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/country_profiles/992562.stm#leaders|archive-date=15 February 2009|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt; нара гүйсэдхэдэг [[Диархи|хамтарһан засаглал]] юм.
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Ангола}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Бүгэдэ Найрамдаха Ангола Улас
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; НҮБ-ын гэшүүн улас
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Үгы
{{extent}}
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Антигуа ба Барбуда}}'''
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; НҮБ-ын гэшүүн улас
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Үгы
{{extent}}Антигуа ба Барбуда болбол, [[Барбуда]] гэдэг нэгэ автономито можотой [[Хамтын нүхэрлэлэй хаанта улас|Хамтын нүхэрлэлэй гүрэн]] юм.
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Аргентинэ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Бүгэдэ Найрамдаха Аргентинэ Улас
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; НҮБ-ын гэшүүн улас
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Үгы
{{extent}}Аргентинэ нь [[Аргентинын Можонууд|23 можонууд ба нэгэ автономито хото]]һоо бүридэдэг [[холбооной улас|холбоо]] юм.
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Армени}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Бүгэдэ Найрамдаха Армени Улас
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; НҮБ-ын гэшүүн улас
| style=&quot;background:#fcc;&quot; |[[Улас оронуудай жагсаалта#Пакистан|Пакистан]] зүбшөөдэггүй.
{{extent}}Армениие [[Улас оронуудай жагсаалта#Арцах|Арцах]]ай [[Уулын Карабахай конфликт|арсалдаан]]һаа боложо Пакистан [[Армени–Пакистанай харилсаа|зүбшөөдэггүй]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.foreignaffairscommittee.org/includes/content_files/Report%2021%20-%20Visit%20to%20Azerbaijan.pdf|title=Pakistan Worldview, Report 21, Visit to Azerbaijan|publisher=Senate of Pakistan Foreign Relations Committee|date=2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090219074354/http://foreignaffairscommittee.org/includes/content_files/Report%2021%20-%20Visit%20to%20Azerbaijan.pdf|archive-date=19 February 2009|accessdate=2 February 2022|archivedate=19 February 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090219074354/http://www.foreignaffairscommittee.org/includes/content_files/Report%2021%20-%20Visit%20to%20Azerbaijan.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.today.az/news/politics/30102.html Nilufer Bakhtiyar: &quot;For Azerbaijan Pakistan does not recognise Armenia as a country&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110813064453/http://www.today.az/news/politics/30102.html|date=13 August 2011}} 13 September 2006 [14:03] – Today.Az&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://news.az/articles/armenia/86325|title=Pakistan the only country not recognizing Armenia – envoy|publisher=News.Az|date=5 February 2014|access-date=17 February 2014|quote=We are the only country not recognizing Armenia as a state.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140223095734/http://news.az/articles/armenia/86325|archive-date=23 February 2014|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;ZZZ&lt;/span&gt;''Арцах → [[Улас оронуудай жагсаалта#Арцах|Арцахай жагсаалтые харагты]]''
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Австрали}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Австралиин Хамтын Нүхэрлэл
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; НҮБ-ын гэшүүн улас
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Үгы
{{extent}}Австрали нь [[Хамтын нүхэрлэлэй хаанта улас|Хамтын нүхэрлэлэй гүрэн]] ба [[Австралиин Можо ба нютагууд|можо ба нютагууд]]ай [[холбооной улас|холбоо]] юм. Зургаан можо, гурбан дотоодын нютаг, зургаан гадаадын нютаг ба нэгэ [[Антарктика дахи Нютагай нэхэбэри|мэдээсэгдэһэн]] Антарктикын гадаада нютагтай. Австралиин гадаада нютагууд нь:

* {{noflag|[[Ашмор ба Картье Аралнууд]]}}
* {{flag|Зул hарын арал}}
* {{flag|Кокос (Кийлийнг) аралууд}}
* {{noflag|[[Шүрэтэ Тэнгисэй Аралууд]]}}
* {{noflag|[[Херд Арал ба Макдональд Аралууд]]}}
* {{flag|Норфолк Арал}}
* ''{{noflag|[[Австралиин Антарктикын Нютаг]]}}''
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Австри}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Бүгэдэ Найрамдаха Австри Улас
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; НҮБ-ын гэшүүн улас
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Үгы
{{extent}}[[Европын Холбоон]]ой Гэшүүн. Австри нь [[Австриин Можонууд|юһэн можонууд]]ай [[холбооной улас|холбоон]] юм.
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Бахама}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Бахамын Нүхэрлэл&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Bahamas, The {{!}} The Commonwealth|url=http://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/bahamas|website=thecommonwealth.org|date=15 August 2013|access-date=12 March 2018|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180309082734/http://www.thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/bahamas|archive-date=9 March 2018|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; НҮБ-ын гэшүүн улас
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Үгы
{{extent}}Бахама нь [[Хамтын нүхэрлэлэй хаанта улас|Хамтын нүхэрлэлэй гүрэн]] юм.
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Баһрэйн }}'''&amp;nbsp;– Баһрэйнэй Хаанта Улас
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; НҮБ-ын гэшүүн улас
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Үгы
{{extent}}
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Бангладеш}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Бүгэдэ Найрамдаха Бангладеш Арад Улас
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; НҮБ-ын гэшүүн улас
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Үгы
{{extent}}
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Барбадос}}'''
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; НҮБ-ын гэшүүн улас
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Үгы
{{extent}}
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Беларусь}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Бүгэдэ Найрамдаха Беларусь Улас
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; НҮБ-ын гэшүүн улас
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Үгы
{{extent}}
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Бельги}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Бельгиин Хаанта Улас
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; НҮБ-ын гэшүүн улас
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Үгы
{{extent}}ЕХ-ой Гэшүүн. Бельги нь [[Бельгиин бүлгэмүүд, бүһэнүүд ба хэлэнэй нютагууд|гурбан хэлэнэй бүлгэм ба гурбан бүһэһээ]] бүридэдэг [[холбооной улас|холбоон]] юм.
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Белиз}}'''
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; НҮБ-ын гэшүүн улас
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Үгы
{{extent}}Белиз нь [[Хамтын нүхэрлэлэй хаанта улас|Хамтын нүхэрлэлэй гүрэн]] юм.
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Бенин}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Бүгэдэ Найрамдаха Бенин Улас
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; НҮБ-ын гэшүүн улас
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Үгы
{{extent}}
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Бутан}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Бутанай Хаанта Улас
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; НҮБ-ын гэшүүн улас
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Үгы
{{extent}}
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Боливи}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Боливиин Олон Үндэһэтэнэй Улас
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; НҮБ-ын гэшүүн улас
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Үгы
{{extent}}
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Босни ба Герцеговина}}'''
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; НҮБ-ын гэшүүн улас
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Үгы
{{extent}}Босни ба Герцеговина нь хоёр субъектһээ бүридэдэг:

* {{noflag|[[Босни ба Герцеговинын Холбоон]]}}
* {{flag|Бүгэдэ Найрамдаха Сербын Улас}}

ба [[Брчко Дүүргэ]], өөрын захиргаантай административна ''дүүргэ''.&lt;ref name=&quot;Stjepanović2015&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|title=Dual Substate Citizenship as Institutional Innovation: The Case of Bosnia's Brčko District|journal=Nationalism and Ethnic Politics|date=2015|pages=382–383|first=Dejan|last=Stjepanović|volume=21|issue=4|doi=10.1080/13537113.2015.1095043|s2cid=146578107|issn=1353-7113|eissn=1557-2986|oclc=5927465455}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Ботсвана }}'''&amp;nbsp;– Бүгэдэ Найрамдаха Ботсвана Улас
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; НҮБ-ын гэшүүн улас
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Үгы
{{extent}}
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Бразил}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Холбооной Бүгэдэ Найрамдаха Бразил Улас
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; НҮБ-ын гэшүүн улас
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Үгы
{{extent}}Бразил нь [[Бразилай Можонууд|26 можонууд ба нэгэ холбооной дүүргэ]]һээ бүридэдэг [[холбооной улас|холбоон]] юм.
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Брүнэй }}'''&amp;nbsp;– Брүнэй Гүрэн, Эб Найрамдалай Байра
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; НҮБ-ын гэшүүн улас
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Үгы
{{extent}}
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Болгари}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Бүгэдэ Найрамдаха Болгари Улас
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; НҮБ-ын гэшүүн улас
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Үгы
{{extent}}ЕХ-ой Гэшүүн улас.
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Буркино-Фасо}}'''
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; НҮБ-ын гэшүүн улас
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Үгы
{{extent}}
|-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;ZZZ&lt;/span&gt;''Бирма → [[Улас оронуудай жагсаалта#Мьянма|Мьянмагай жагсаалтые харагты]]''
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Бурунди}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Бүгэдэ Найрамдаха Бурунди Улас
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; НҮБ-ын гэшүүн улас
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Үгы
{{extent}}
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Кампучи}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Кампучиин Хаанта Улас
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; НҮБ-ын гэшүүн улас
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Үгы
{{extent}}
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Камерун}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Бүгэдэ Найрамдаха Камерун Улас
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; НҮБ-ын гэшүүн улас
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Үгы
{{extent}}
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Канада}}'''
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; НҮБ-ын гэшүүн улас
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Үгы
{{extent}}Канада нь [[Хамтын нүхэрлэлэй хаанта улас|Хамтын нүхэрлэлэй гүрэн]] ба [[Канадын можонууд ба нютагууд|арбан можонууд ба гурбан нютаг]]һаа [[Канадын федерализм|холбоон]] юм.
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Кабо-Верде}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Бүгэдэ Найрамдаха Кабо-Верде Улас
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; НҮБ-ын гэшүүн улас
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Үгы
{{extent}}
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Түб Африкын Бүгэдэ Найрамдаха Улас}}'''
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; НҮБ-ын гэшүүн улас
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Үгы
{{extent}}
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Чад}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Бүгэдэ Найрамдаха Чад Улас
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; НҮБ-ын гэшүүн улас
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Үгы
{{extent}}
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Чили}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Бүгэдэ Найрамдаха Чили Улас
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; НҮБ-ын гэшүүн улас
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Үгы
{{extent}}{{efn|Chile's [[Territorial claims in Antarctica|claimed]] Antarctic territory of the ''[[Chilean Antarctic Territory|Chilean Antarctic]]'' (''Antártica Chilena'') is a [[Communes of Chile|commune]] of the [[Antártica Chilena Province]] of the [[Magallanes Region]].|name=&quot;ChileanAntarctic&quot;}}
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Хитад}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Бүгэдэ Найрамдаха Хитад Арад Улас
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; НҮБ-ын гэшүүн улас
| style=&quot;background:#fcc;&quot; |[[Хитадай Гадаада Харилсаан#Бүгэдэ Найрамдаха Хитад Арад Уласай Уласхоорондын Мэдэрэлгэ|Зариманиинь зүбшөөгдэгүй]]. [[Бүгэдэ Найрамдаха Хитад Улас]] мэдээсэһэн
{{extent}}Хитад табан автономито оронһоо бүридэдэг, [[Гуанси - Чжуангай автономито орон|Гуанси]], [[Үбэр Монгол]], [[Нинся - Хотонгой автономито орон|Нинся]], [[Түбэдэй автономито орон|Түбэд]], ба [[Синьцзян - Уйгурай автономито орон|Синьцзян]]. Тэрээнһээ гадна, энэнь [[Хитадай Онсогой захиргаата оронууд|онсогой захиргаата орондо]] суверенитеттэй:

* {{flag|Хонконг}}
* {{flag|Макао}}

Хитад улас, бүхы Хитадые өөрын нютаг дэбисхэр гэжэ үзэдэг арсалдагша засаг захиргаа (Бүгэдэ Найрамдаха Хитад Улас) ударидадаг [[Улас оронуудай жагсаалта#Тайвань|Тайван]]иие абахые үнгэлзэжэ байгаа, болобошье хинадаггүй.

Хитадые [[Хитадай Гадаада Харилсаан#БНХАУ-тай дипломатическа харилсаагүй гүрэнүүд|{{numrec|Republic of China|link=N|N=1}}]] НҮБ-ын гэшүүн улас ба [[Ватикан]] зүбшөөхэгүй, ба, Бутанһаа бусадиинь, бүгэдэ Бүгэдэ Найрамдаха Хитад Уласые (Тайвань) зүбшөөдэг.
|-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |''Хитад улас, Бүгэдэ Найрамдаха → [[Улас оронуудай жагсаалта#Тайвань|Тайваниин жагсаалтые харагты]]''
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Колумби}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Бүгэдэ Найрамдаха Колумби Улас
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; НҮБ-ын гэшүүн улас
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Үгы
{{extent}}
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Коморой аралнууд}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Коморой Холбоон
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; НҮБ-ын гэшүүн улас
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Үгы
{{extent}}Комор нь [[Коморой Улас Түрэ#Автономито аралнууд|гурбан аралай]] [[холбооной улас|холбоон]] юм.
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Бүгэдэ Найрамдаха Арадшалһан Конго Улас}}'''
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; НҮБ-ын гэшүүн улас
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Үгы
{{extent}}
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Бүгэдэ Найрамдаха Конго Улас}}'''
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; НҮБ-ын гэшүүн улас
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Үгы
{{extent}}
|-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;ZZZ&lt;/span&gt;''Кукай аралнууд → [[Улас оронуудай жагсаалта#Кукай аралнууд|Кукай аралнуудай жагсаалтые харагты]]''
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Коста-Рика }}'''&amp;nbsp;– Бүгэдэ Найрамдаха Коста-Рика Улас
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; НҮБ-ын гэшүүн улас
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Үгы
{{extent}}
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Хорвати}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Бүгэдэ Найрамдаха Хорвати Улас
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; НҮБ-ын гэшүүн улас
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Үгы
{{extent}}ЕХ-ой Гэшүүн улас.
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Куба}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Бүгэдэ Найрамдаха Куба Улас
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; НҮБ-ын гэшүүн улас
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Үгы
{{extent}}
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Кипр}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Бүгэдэ Найрамдаха Кипр Улас
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; НҮБ-ын гэшүүн улас
| style=&quot;background:#fcc;&quot; |[[Улас оронуудай жагсаалта#Түрэг|Түрэг]] зүбшөөгдэгүй&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2010/OPINION/07/07/kakouris.cyprus/|publisher=CNN|title=Cyprus is not at peace with Turkey|author=Andreas S. Kakouris|date=9 July 2010|access-date=17 May 2014|quote=Turkey stands alone in violation of the will of the international community. It is the only country to recognize the &quot;TRNC&quot; and is the only country that does not recognize the Republic of Cyprus and its government.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140518074323/http://www.cnn.com/2010/OPINION/07/07/kakouris.cyprus/|archive-date=18 May 2014|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!-- and [[#Northern Cyprus|Northern Cyprus]]{{cn|date=17 May 2014}} --&gt;
{{extent}}ЕХ-ой Гэшүүн улас. Аралай зүү-хойто хэсэг нь ''де-факто'' [[Улас оронуудай жагсаалта#Хойто Кипр|Хойто Кипр]] гүрэн юм.

[[Кипрын арсалдаан]]ай уламһаа [[Улас оронуудай жагсаалта#Түрэг|Түрэг]] улас Кипрые зүбшөөдэггүй, ба Түрэг [[Улас оронуудай жагсаалта#Хойто Кипр|Хойто Кипрые]] зүбшөөдэг.
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag| Бүгэдэ Найрамдаха Чехи Улас}}'''{{efn|A simpler official short name has been encouraged by the Czech government, &quot;''Czechia''&quot;. This variant remains uncommon, but has been adopted by several companies and organisations. See [[Name of the Czech Republic]].}}
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; НҮБ-ын гэшүүн улас
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Үгы
{{extent}}ЕХ-ой Гэшүүн улас.
|-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;ZZZ&lt;/span&gt;''Бүгэдэ Найрамдаха Арадшалһан Солонгос Арадай Улас'' ''→ [[Улас оронуудай жагсаалта#Солонгос, Хойто|Солонгос, Хойто]] [[Улас оронуудай жагсаалта#Тайвань|жагсаалтые харагты]]''
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |&lt;span id=&quot;Denmark&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|Дани}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Даниин Хаанта Улас
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; НҮБ-ын гэшүүн улас
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Үгы
{{extent}}Ех-ой Гэшүүн улас.{{efn|name=&quot;EU&quot;}} The [[Даниин Хаанта Улас]] 2 өөртөө заһаха нютагтай:

* {{flag|Фарерай аралнууд}}
* {{flag|Гренланд}}

Даниин захиргаанай нютаг, Фарерай аралнууд ба Гренландынь Хаанта уласай гурбан уласые бүридүүлдэг.{{efn|The designation &quot;Denmark&quot; can refer either to metropolitan Denmark or to the entire Danish Realm (for example in international organizations).}} Данийн Хаанта Улас бүхэлидөө ЕХ-ой гэшүүн болобошье ЕХ-ой хуули (ехэнхи үедэ) Фарерай аралнууд ба Гренландтай [[Гренландын хэрээ|хамаархадаггүй]]. [[Гренланд ба Европын Холбоо]], ба [[Фарерай аралнууд ба Европын Холбоо]] хуудаһые нэмэлтэ мэдээсэлэй түлөө харагты.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.stm.dk/_p_12710.html |title=Home Rule Act of the Faroe Islands : No. 137 of March 23, 1948 |website=Statsministeriat |location=Copenhagen |access-date=20 May 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910005827/http://www.stm.dk/_p_12710.html |archive-date=10 September 2015 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.stm.dk/_p_12712.html |title=The Greenland Home Rule Act : Act No. 577 of 29 November 1978 |website=Statsministeriat |location=Copenhagen |access-date=20 May 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140214060548/http://www.stm.dk/_p_12712.html |archive-date=14 February 2014 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Джибути}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Бүгэдэ Найрамдаха Джибути Улас
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; НҮБ-ын гэшүүн улас
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Үгы
{{extent}}
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Доминика}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Доминиканы Хамтын Нүхэрлэл
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; НҮБ-ын гэшүүн улас
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Үгы
{{extent}}
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Бүгэдэ Найрамдаха Доминикана Улас}}'''
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; НҮБ-ын гэшүүн улас
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Үгы
{{extent}}
|-
|style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;colspan=&quot;4&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;ZZZ&lt;/span&gt;''Бүгэдэ Найрамдаха Донецк Арад Улас → [[#Бүгэдэ Найрамдаха Донецк Арад Улас|Бүгэдэ Найрамдаха Донецк Арад Улас жагсаалтые харагты]]''
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Зүүн Тимор}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Бүгэдэ Найрамдаха Арадшалһан Тимор-Лесте Улас{{efn|Зүүн Тиморой засагай газар &quot;Тимор-Лесте&quot; нэрые уласай албан Англи нэрээр ашагладаг.}}
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; НҮБ-ын гэшүүн улас
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Үгы
{{extent}}
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Эквадор}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Бүгэдэ Найрамдаха Эквадор Улас
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; НҮБ-ын гэшүүн улас
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Үгы
{{extent}}
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Египет}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Араб Бүгэдэ Найрамдаха Египет Улас
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; НҮБ-ын гэшүүн улас
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Үгы
{{extent}}
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Сальвадор}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Бүгэдэ Найрамдаха Сальвадор Улас
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; НҮБ-ын гэшүүн улас
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Үгы
{{extent}}
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Экваторын Гвиней}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Бүгэдэ Найрамдаха Экваторын Гвиней Улас
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; НҮБ-ын гэшүүн улас
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Үгы
{{extent}}
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Эритрей}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Эритрей Гүрэн
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; НҮБ-ын гэшүүн улас
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Үгы
{{extent}}
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Эстони}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Бүгэдэ Найрамдаха Эстони Улас
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; НҮБ-ын гэшүүн улас
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Үгы
{{extent}}ЕХ-ой Гэшүүн улас.{{efn|name=&quot;EU&quot;}}
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Eswatini}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Kingdom of Eswatini{{efn|Formerly referred to as the Kingdom of Swaziland, its official name until 2018.}}
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Ethiopia}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}Ethiopia is a [[federation]] of [[Regions of Ethiopia|nine regions and two chartered cities]].&lt;!--The European Union is not a sovereign state and should not be included--&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Fiji}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Fiji
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}Fiji contains one autonomous region, [[Rotuma]].{{efn|name=&quot;autonomous&quot;}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Laws of Fiji|place=Suva, Fiji|publisher=Government of Fiji|year=1927|edition=1978|chapter=Rotuma Act|chapter-url=http://www.itc.gov.fj/lawnet/fiji_act/cap122.html|access-date=10 July 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100621140255/http://www.itc.gov.fj/lawnet/fiji_act/cap122.html|archive-date=21 June 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author=Government of Fiji, Office of the Prime Minister|title=Chapter 122: Rotuma Act|work=Laws of Fiji|publisher=[[University of the South Pacific]]|year=1978|url=http://www.paclii.org/fj/legis/consol_act/ra103/|access-date=10 November 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110301163146/http://www.paclii.org/fj/legis/consol_act/ra103/|archive-date=1 March 2011|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Finland}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Finland
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}Member of the EU.{{efn|name=&quot;EU&quot;}}

* {{flag|Åland}} is a neutral and demilitarised autonomous region of Finland.{{efn|name=&quot;autonomous&quot;}}{{efn|[[Åland]] was demilitarised by the [[Treaty of Paris (1856)|Treaty of Paris]] in 1856, which was later affirmed by the [[League of Nations]] in 1921, and in a somewhat different context reaffirmed in the treaty on Finland's admission to the European Union in 1995.}}
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|France}}'''&amp;nbsp;– French Republic
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}Member of the EU.{{efn|name=&quot;EU&quot;}} France contains five [[Overseas department and region|overseas regions/departments]]; [[French Guiana]], [[Guadeloupe]], [[Martinique]], [[Mayotte]], and [[Réunion]]. France also includes the [[Overseas France|overseas territories]] of:

* {{noflag|[[Clipperton Island]]}}
* {{flag|French Polynesia}}
* {{flag|New Caledonia}}
* {{noflag|[[Saint Barthélemy]]}}
* {{noflag|[[Collectivity of Saint Martin|Saint Martin]]}}
* {{noflag|[[Saint Pierre and Miquelon]]}}
* {{noflag|[[Wallis and Futuna]]}}
* {{flag|French Southern and Antarctic Lands}}{{efn|France's [[Territorial claims in Antarctica|claimed]] Antarctic territory of ''[[Adélie Land]]'' (''Terre Adélie'') is one of five constituent districts of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands.|name=&quot;Adélie&quot;}}
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Gabon}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Gabonese Republic
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Gambia, The}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of The Gambia&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=The Gambia profile|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13376517|website=BBC News|access-date=12 March 2018|date=14 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180311064543/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13376517|archive-date=11 March 2018|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Georgia}}'''
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}Georgia contains two autonomous republics, [[Adjara]] and [[Government of the Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia|Abkhazia]].{{efn|name=&quot;autonomous&quot;}} In [[Улас оронуудай жагсаалта#Abkhazia|Abkhazia]] and [[Улас оронуудай жагсаалта#South Ossetia|South Ossetia]], ''de facto'' states have been formed.
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Germany}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Federal Republic of Germany
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}Member of the EU.{{efn|name=&quot;EU&quot;}} Germany is a [[federation]] of [[States of Germany|16 states]].
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Ghana}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Ghana
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Greece}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Hellenic Republic
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}Member of the EU.{{efn|name=&quot;EU&quot;}} Greece contains one autonomous area, [[Mount Athos]].&lt;ref&gt;Constitution of Greece, Art. 105.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Grenada}}'''
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}Grenada is a [[Commonwealth realm]].{{efn|name=&quot;realm&quot;}}
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Guatemala}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Guatemala
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Guinea}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Guinea{{efn|Also known as Guinea-Conakry.}}
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Guinea-Bissau}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Guinea-Bissau
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Guyana}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Co-operative Republic of Guyana
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Haiti}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Haiti
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}
|-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;ZZZ&lt;/span&gt;''Holy See → [[Улас оронуудай жагсаалта#Vatican City|See Vatican City listing]]''
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Honduras}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Honduras
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Hungary}}'''
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}Member of the EU.{{efn|name=&quot;EU&quot;}}
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Iceland}}'''{{efn|While sometimes referred to as the &quot;Republic of Iceland&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/281235/Iceland|title=Iceland - Culture, History, &amp; People|access-date=2 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718220132/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/281235/Iceland|archive-date=18 July 2011|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://unstats.un.org/unsd/geoinfo/ungegn/docs/26th-gegn-docs/WP/WP54_UNGEGN%20WG%20Country%20Names%20Document%202011.pdf |title=Working Paper No. 54 : UNGEGN list of country names (Prepared by the United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names) |location=Vienna |date=May 2011 |access-date=2 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811023432/https://unstats.un.org/unsd/geoinfo/ungegn/docs/26th-gegn-docs/WP/WP54_UNGEGN%20WG%20Country%20Names%20Document%202011.pdf |archive-date=11 August 2011 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all |website=unstats.un.org }}&lt;/ref&gt; and sometimes its counterpart ''Lýðveldið Ísland'' in Icelandic, the official name of the country is simply &quot;Iceland&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.visindavefur.is/svar.php?id=54970|title=Hvert er formlegt heiti landsins okkar?|access-date=2 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722022935/http://visindavefur.is/svar.php?id=54970|archive-date=22 July 2011|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt; One example of the former is the name of the [[Constitution of Iceland]], which in Icelandic is ''Stjórnarskrá lýðveldisins Íslands'' and literally means &quot;the Constitution of the republic of Iceland&quot;. However, note that in this usage &quot;republic&quot; is not capitalised.|name=&quot;Republic&quot;}}
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|India}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of India
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}India is a [[federation]] of [[States and territories of India|28 states and eight union territories]].
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Indonesia}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Indonesia
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}Indonesia has five autonomous [[Provinces of Indonesia|provinces]], [[Aceh]], [[Jakarta]], [[Papua (province)|Papua]], [[West Papua (province)|West Papua]], and [[Special Region of Yogyakarta|Yogyakarta]].{{efn|name=&quot;autonomous&quot;}}
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Iran}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Islamic Republic of Iran
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Iraq}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Iraq
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}Iraq is a [[federation]]{{efn|name=&quot;federal&quot;}}&lt;ref&gt;[http://portal.unesco.org/ci/en/files/20704/11332732681iraqi_constitution_en.pdf/iraqi_constitution_en.pdf Iraqi constitution] {{webarchive|url=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20160518175432/http://portal.unesco.org/ci/en/files/20704/11332732681iraqi_constitution_en.pdf/iraqi_constitution_en.pdf|date=18 May 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; of [[Governorates of Iraq|19 governorates]], four of which make up the autonomous [[Kurdistan Region]].{{efn|name=&quot;autonomous&quot;}}
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Ireland}}'''{{efn|&quot;Ireland&quot; is the official name of the country in English. &quot;Republic of Ireland&quot; (the official ''description'' in English) and &quot;Éire&quot; (the official name in Irish) have sometimes been used unofficially to distinguish the state from the larger [[Ireland|island of Ireland]], however, this is officially deprecated.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |journal=Journal of British Studies |volume=46 |pages=72–90 |number=1 |date=January 2007 |publisher=Cambridge University Press on behalf of The North American Conference on British Studies |doi=10.1086/508399 |jstor=10.1086/508399 |title=The Irish Free State/Éire/Republic of Ireland/Ireland: &quot;A Country by Any Other Name&quot;? |last=Daly |first=Mary E. |doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt; See [[names of the Irish state]].}}
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}Member of the EU.{{efn|name=&quot;EU&quot;}}
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Israel}}'''&amp;nbsp;– State of Israel
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
| style=&quot;background:#fcc;&quot; |[[International recognition of Israel|Partially unrecognised]]
{{extent}}Israel exerts strong control over the territory claimed by [[Улас оронуудай жагсаалта#Palestine|Palestine]]. It has annexed [[East Jerusalem]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.knesset.gov.il/laws/special/eng/basic10_eng.htm|title=Basic Law: Jerusalem, Capital of Israel|website=www.knesset.gov.il|access-date=7 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140905144734/http://www.knesset.gov.il/laws/special/eng/basic10_eng.htm|archive-date=5 September 2014|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt; an act not recognised by the international community.&lt;ref name=&quot;dis&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2070.html|title=Disputes: International|publisher=CIA World Factbook|access-date=8 November 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110514215411/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2070.html|archive-date=14 May 2011|url-status=live|df=dmy-all|accessdate=2 February 2022|archivedate=4 April 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140404200356/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2070.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; Israel has [[West Bank Areas in the Oslo II Accord|varying levels of control]] over the rest of the [[West Bank]], and although it ended its [[Israel's unilateral disengagement plan|permanent civilian or military presence]] in the [[Gaza Strip]], it is still considered to be the occupying power under international law.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Bell|first=Abraham|title=International Law and Gaza: The Assault on Israel's Right to Self-Defense|work=Jerusalem Issue Brief, Vol. 7, No. 29|publisher=Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs|date=28 January 2008|url=http://www.jcpa.org/brief/brief005-3.htm|access-date=16 July 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100621082606/http://jcpa.org/brief/brief005-3.htm|archive-date=21 June 2010|url-status=live|df=dmy-all|accessdate=2 February 2022|archivedate=21 June 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100621082606/http://jcpa.org/brief/brief005-3.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Salih|first=Zak M.|title=Panelists Disagree Over Gaza's Occupation Status|publisher=[[University of Virginia School of Law]]|date=17 November 2005|url=http://www.law.virginia.edu/html/news/2005_fall/gaza.htm|access-date=16 July 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303200844/http://www.law.virginia.edu/html/news/2005_fall/gaza.htm|archive-date=3 March 2016|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all|accessdate=2 February 2022|archivedate=3 March 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303200844/http://www.law.virginia.edu/html/news/2005_fall/gaza.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Israel: 'Disengagement' Will Not End Gaza Occupation|publisher=Human Rights Watch|date=29 October 2004|url=https://www.hrw.org/english/docs/2004/10/29/isrlpa9577.htm|access-date=16 July 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081101210931/http://hrw.org/english/docs/2004/10/29/isrlpa9577.htm|archive-date=1 November 2008|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;occ&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hYiIWVlpFzEC&amp;pg=PA429|page=429|first=Andrew|last=Sanger|title=The Contemporary Law of Blockade and the Gaza Freedom Flotilla|journal=Yearbook of International Humanitarian Law 2010|volume=13|editor=M.N. Schmitt|editor2=Louise Arimatsu|editor3=Tim McCormack|publisher=Springer Science &amp; Business Media|date=2011|isbn=978-90-6704-811-8|quote=It is this direct external control over Gaza and indirect control over life within Gaza that has led the United Nations, the UN General Assembly, the UN Fact Finding Mission to Gaza, International human rights organisations, US Government websites, the UK Foreign and Commonwealth Office and a significant number of legal commentators, to reject the argument that Gaza is no longer occupied.|doi=10.1007/978-90-6704-811-8_14|series=Yearbook of International Humanitarian Law}}* {{cite book|title=International Law and the Classification of Conflicts|editor=Elizabeth Wilmshurst|first=Iain|last=Scobbie|author-link=Iain Scobbie|publisher=Oxford University Press|date=2012|isbn=978-0-19-965775-9|page=295|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GM90Xp03uuEC&amp;pg=PA295|quote=Even after the accession to power of Hamas, Israel's claim that it no longer occupies Gaza has not been accepted by UN bodies, most States, nor the majority of academic commentators because of its exclusive control of its border with Gaza and crossing points including the effective control it exerted over the Rafah crossing until at least May 2011, its control of Gaza's maritime zones and airspace which constitute what Aronson terms the 'security envelope' around Gaza, as well as its ability to intervene forcibly at will in Gaza.}}

* {{cite book|title=Prefiguring Peace: Israeli-Palestinian Peacebuilding Partnerships|first=Michelle|last=Gawerc|publisher=Lexington Books|date=2012|isbn=9780739166109|page=44|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Hka8FZ4UdWUC&amp;pg=PA44|quote=In other words, while Israel maintained that its occupation of Gaza ended with its unilateral disengagement Palestinians – as well as many human right organizations and international bodies – argued that Gaza was by all intents and purposes still occupied.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Israel is not recognised as a state by [[International recognition of Israel|28 UN members]] and the [[Улас оронуудай жагсаалта#SADR|Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic]]. The [[Palestine Liberation Organization]], recognised by a majority of UN member states as the representative of the Palestinian people, [[Israel–Palestine Liberation Organization letters of recognition|recognised in Israel in 1993]].
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Italy}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Italian Republic
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}Member of the EU.{{efn|name=&quot;EU&quot;}} [[Italy]] has 5 autonomous regions, [[Aosta Valley]], [[Friuli-Venezia Giulia]], [[Sardinia]], [[Sicily]] and [[Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol]].{{efn|name=&quot;autonomous&quot;}}
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Ivory Coast}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Côte d'Ivoire{{efn|The government of Ivory Coast uses &quot;Côte d'Ivoire&quot; as the official English name of the country.}}
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Jamaica}}'''
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}Jamaica is a [[Commonwealth realm]].{{efn|name=&quot;realm&quot;}}
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Japan}}'''
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Jordan}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Kazakhstan}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Kazakhstan
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Kenya}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Kenya
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Kiribati}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Kiribati
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Korea, North}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Democratic People's Republic of Korea
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
| style=&quot;background:#fcc;&quot; |{{claimedby|SKOREA}}
{{extent}}North Korea is not recognised by three UN members, [[Улас оронуудай жагсаалта#France|France]], [[Улас оронуудай жагсаалта#Japan|Japan]], and [[Улас оронуудай жагсаалта#Korea South|South Korea]], the last of which claims to be the sole legitimate government of [[Korea]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.ioc.u-tokyo.ac.jp/~worldjpn/documents/texts/docs/19650622.T1E.html|title=Treaty on Basic Relations between Japan and the Republic of Korea|access-date=27 October 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090313123054/http://www.ioc.u-tokyo.ac.jp/~worldjpn/documents/texts/docs/19650622.T1E.html|archive-date=13 March 2009|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Korea, South}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Korea
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
| style=&quot;background:#fcc;&quot; |{{claimedby|NKOREA}}
{{extent}}South Korea has one autonomous region, [[Jeju Island|Jejudo]].{{efn|name=&quot;autonomous&quot;}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author=Keun Min|title=Greetings|publisher=Jeju Special Self-Governing Province|url=http://english.jeju.go.kr/contents/index.php?mid=02|access-date=10 November 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130502123553/http://english.jeju.go.kr/contents/index.php?mid=02|archive-date=2 May 2013|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt; South Korea is not recognised by [[Улас оронуудай жагсаалта#Korea North|North Korea]], which claims to be the sole legitimate government of [[Korea]].
|-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;ZZZ&lt;/span&gt;''Kosovo → [[Улас оронуудай жагсаалта#Kosovo|See Kosovo listing]]''
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Kuwait}}'''&amp;nbsp;– State of Kuwait
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Kyrgyzstan}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Kyrgyz Republic
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Laos}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Lao People's Democratic Republic
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Latvia}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Latvia
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}Member of the EU.{{efn|name=&quot;EU&quot;}}
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Lebanon}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Lebanese Republic
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Lesotho}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Kingdom of Lesotho
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Liberia}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Liberia
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Libya}}'''&amp;nbsp;– State of Libya
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Liechtenstein}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Principality of Liechtenstein
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Lithuania}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Lithuania
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}Member of the EU.{{efn|name=&quot;EU&quot;}}
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Luxembourg}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}Member of the EU.{{efn|name=&quot;EU&quot;}}
|-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;ZZZ&lt;/span&gt;''Macedonia → [[Улас оронуудай жагсаалта#North Macedonia|See North Macedonia listing]]''
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Madagascar}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Madagascar
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Malawi}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Malawi
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Malaysia}}'''
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}Malaysia is a [[federation]] of [[States and federal territories of Malaysia|13 states and three federal territories]].
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Maldives}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Maldives
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Mali}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Mali
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Malta}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Malta
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}Member of the EU.{{efn|name=&quot;EU&quot;}}
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Marshall Islands}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of the Marshall Islands
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}Under [[Compact of Free Association]] with the [[Улас оронуудай жагсаалта#United States|United States]].
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Mauritania}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Islamic Republic of Mauritania
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Mauritius}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Mauritius
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}Mauritius has an autonomous island, [[Rodrigues]].{{efn|name=&quot;autonomous&quot;}}
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Mexico}}'''&amp;nbsp;– United Mexican States
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}Mexico is a [[federation]] of [[Political divisions of Mexico|31 states and one autonomous city]]. The [[Rebel Zapatista Autonomous Municipalities]] have de facto autonomy.
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Micronesia}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Federated States of Micronesia
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}Under [[Compact of Free Association]] with the [[Улас оронуудай жагсаалта#United States|United States]]. The Federated States of Micronesia is a [[federation]] of [[Administrative divisions of the Federated States of Micronesia|four states]].
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Moldova}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Moldova
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}Moldova has the [[Autonomous territorial unit|autonomous regions]] of [[Gagauzia]] and the [[Administrative-Territorial Units of the Left Bank of the Dniester|Left Bank of the Dniester]]. The latter and a city, [[Bender, Moldova|Bender]] (Tighina), is under the ''de facto'' control of [[Улас оронуудай жагсаалта#Transnistria|Transnistria]].
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Monaco}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Principality of Monaco
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Mongolia}}'''
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Montenegro}}'''
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Morocco}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Kingdom of Morocco
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}Part of the Moroccan-claimed [[Western Sahara]] is controlled by the partially recognised [[Улас оронуудай жагсаалта#SADR|Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic]].
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Mozambique}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Mozambique
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Myanmar}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of the Union of Myanmar{{efn|The country's official name of Myanmar, adopted in 1989, has been mixed and controversial, with the former name Burma still being used in many cases. See [[Names of Myanmar]].}}
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}[[Wa State]] is a de facto autonomous state within Myanmar. The United Nations currently recognises the [[National Unity Government of Myanmar]] as the government of Myanmar instead of the ''de facto'' ruling government, the [[State Administration Council]].&lt;ref name=&quot;UN_Seats_Denied&quot; /&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;ZZZ&lt;/span&gt;''Nagorno-Karabakh → [[Улас оронуудай жагсаалта#Artsakh|See Artsakh listing]]''
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Namibia}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Namibia
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Nauru}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Nauru
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Nepal}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}Nepal is a [[federation]] composed of [[Provinces of Nepal|7 provinces]].
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flagcountry|Kingdom of the Netherlands}}'''&lt;!--Link to state instead of country--&gt; – Kingdom of the Netherlands&lt;!-- Note that metropolitan Netherlands is not the sovereign state, the Kingdom is—see [[Kingdom of the Netherlands#The distinction between the Netherlands and &quot;the Kingdom&quot;]]. --&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}Member of the EU.{{efn|name=&quot;EU&quot;}} The [[Kingdom of the Netherlands]] includes four areas with substantial autonomy:

* {{flag|Aruba}}
* {{flag|Curaçao}}
* {{flag|Netherlands}}
* {{flag|Sint Maarten}}

Metropolitan Netherlands, Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten form the four constituent countries of the Kingdom. Three overseas parts of the Netherlands ([[Bonaire]], [[Saba]] and [[Sint Eustatius]]) are [[Caribbean Netherlands|special municipalities]] of metropolitan Netherlands.{{efn|The designation &quot;Netherlands&quot; can refer either to metropolitan [[Netherlands]] or to the entire [[Kingdom of the Netherlands|Kingdom]] (e.g. in international organizations).}} The Kingdom of the Netherlands as a whole is a member of the EU, but EU law applies only to parts within Europe.
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|New Zealand}}'''
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}New Zealand is a [[Commonwealth realm]],{{efn|name=&quot;realm&quot;}} and has one dependent territory and one [[Territorial claims in Antarctica|claimed]] Antarctic dependent territory:

* {{flag|Tokelau}}
* ''{{noflag|[[Ross Dependency]]}}''

The [[New Zealand Government]] acts for the entire [[Realm of New Zealand]] in all international contexts, which has responsibilities for (but no rights of control over) two freely [[Associated state|associated states]]:

* {{flag|Cook Islands}}
* {{flag|Niue}}

The Cook Islands and Niue have diplomatic relations with {{Numrel|CK||alt2=}} and {{Numrel|Niue||alt2=}} UN members respectively.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author=Federal Foreign Office of Germany|title=Beziehungen zu Deutschland|publisher=Government of Germany|date=November 2009|url=http://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/diplo/de/Laenderinformationen/Cookinseln/Bilateral.html|access-date=16 July 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100723070259/http://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/diplo/de/Laenderinformationen/Cookinseln/Bilateral.html|archive-date=23 July 2010|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}} For more information, see [[Foreign relations of the Cook Islands]].&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author=Republic of Nauru Permanent Mission to the United Nations|title=Foreign Affairs|publisher=United Nations|url=http://www.un.int/nauru/foreignaffairs.html|access-date=16 July 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141004083335/http://www.un.int/nauru/foreignaffairs.html|archive-date=4 October 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; They have full treaty-making capacity in the UN,&lt;ref name=&quot;untreaty1&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://untreaty.un.org/cod/repertory/art102/english/rep_supp8_vol6-art102_e_advance.pdf|title=Article 102, Repertory of Practice of United Nations Organs, Supplement No. 8, Volume VI (1989–1994)|website=untreaty.un.org|access-date=15 July 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120403031600/http://untreaty.un.org/cod/repertory/art102/english/rep_supp8_vol6-art102_e_advance.pdf|archive-date=3 April 2012|df=mdy-all|accessdate=2 February 2022|archivedate=23 July 2004|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20040723045746/http://untreaty.un.org/cod/repertory/art102/english/rep_supp8_vol6-art102_e_advance.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt; and are members of some [[List of specialized agencies of the United Nations|UN specialized agencies]].
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Nicaragua}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Nicaragua
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}Nicaragua contains two autonomous regions, [[Región Autónoma del Atlántico Sur|Atlántico Sur]] and [[Región Autónoma del Atlántico Norte|Atlántico Norte]].{{efn|name=&quot;autonomous&quot;}}
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Niger}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Niger
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Nigeria}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Federal Republic of Nigeria
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}Nigeria is a [[federation]] of [[States of Nigeria|36 states and one federal territory]].
|-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;ZZZ&lt;/span&gt;''Niue → [[Улас оронуудай жагсаалта#Niue|See Niue listing]]''
|-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;ZZZ&lt;/span&gt;''North Korea → [[Улас оронуудай жагсаалта#Korea North|See Korea, North listing]]''
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|North Macedonia}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of North Macedonia{{efn|Formerly known constitutionally as the &quot;Republic of Macedonia&quot; from 1991 to 2019 and under the international designation of &quot;the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia&quot; (FYROM) from 1993 to 2019 due to the [[Macedonia naming dispute]] with [[Greece]]. Following the [[Prespa agreement]] going into effect in February 2019, the country was renamed &quot;North Macedonia&quot;.}}
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}
|-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;ZZZ&lt;/span&gt;''Northern Cyprus → [[Улас оронуудай жагсаалта#Northern Cyprus|See Northern Cyprus listing]]''
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Norway}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Kingdom of Norway
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}Norway has two [[Unincorporated area|unincorporated areas]] in Europe:

* {{noflag|[[Svalbard]]}} is an integral part of Norway, but has a special status due to the [[Svalbard Treaty]].
* {{noflag|[[Jan Mayen]]}} is an uninhabited island that is an integral part of Norway, although unincorporated.

Norway has one [[Dependencies of Norway|dependent territory]] and two [[Territorial claims in Antarctica|claimed]] Antarctic dependent territories in the [[Southern Hemisphere]]:

* {{noflag|[[Bouvet Island]]}}
* ''{{noflag|[[Peter I Island]]}}''
* ''{{noflag|[[Queen Maud Land]]}}''
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Oman}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Sultanate of Oman
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Pakistan}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Islamic Republic of Pakistan
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}Pakistan is a [[federation]] of [[Subdivisions of Pakistan|four provinces and one capital territory]]. Pakistan exercises control over certain portions of [[Kashmir]], but has not officially annexed any of it,&lt;ref&gt;Constitution of Pakistan, Art. 1.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Aslam, Tasnim|title=Pakistan Does Not Claim Kashmir As An Integral Part...|url=http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?233374|newspaper=Outlook India|publisher=The Outlook Group|date=11 December 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111213213928/http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?233374|archive-date=13 December 2011|url-status=live|df=dmy-all|access-date=27 February 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; instead regarding it as a disputed territory.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Williams|first=Kristen P.|title=Despite nationalist conflicts: theory and practice of maintaining world peace|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|year=2001|pages=154–155|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OYmurpH3ahsC|isbn=978-0-275-96934-9}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Pruthi|first=R.K.|title=An Encyclopaedic Survey Of Global Terrorism In 21St Century|publisher=Anmol Publications Pvt. Ltd.|year=2001|pages=120–121|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C3yDkKDbZ3YC|isbn=978-81-261-1091-9}}&lt;/ref&gt; The portions that it controls are divided into two territories, administered separately from Pakistan proper:

* {{flag|Azad Kashmir}}
* {{flag|Gilgit-Baltistan}}

Azad Kashmir describes itself as a &quot;self-governing state under Pakistani control&quot;, while Gilgit-Baltistan is described in its governance order as a group of &quot;areas&quot; with self-government.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://home.ajk.gov.pk/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=72&amp;catid=14|title=Archived copy|access-date=2014-07-28|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812174212/http://home.ajk.gov.pk/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=72&amp;catid=14|archive-date=12 August 2014|df=dmy-all|accessdate=2022-02-02|archivedate=2014-08-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812174212/http://home.ajk.gov.pk/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=72&amp;catid=14}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;gbtribune.files.wordpress.com&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://gbtribune.files.wordpress.com/2012/09/self-governance-order-2009.pdf|title=To Be Published In The Next Issue Of The|access-date=28 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140905063539/http://gbtribune.files.wordpress.com/2012/09/self-governance-order-2009.pdf|archive-date=5 September 2014|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;AJ&amp;KHistory&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.ajk.gov.pk/history.php|title=AJ&amp;K History|access-date=6 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180106174235/http://www.ajk.gov.pk/history.php|archive-date=6 January 2018|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt; These territories are not usually regarded as sovereign, as they do not fulfil the criteria set out by the declarative theory of statehood (for example, their current laws do not allow them to engage independently in relations with other states). Several state functions of these territories (such as foreign affairs and defence) are performed by Pakistan.&lt;ref name=&quot;gbtribune.files.wordpress.com&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z-aRAwAAQBAJ&amp;q=azad+kashmir+gilgit+baltistan&amp;pg=PA1100|title=Political Handbook of the World 2014|access-date=5 October 2014|isbn=9781483333281|last1=Lansford|first1=Tom|date=2014-04-08}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.ajkassembly.gok.pk/AJK_Interim_Constitution_Act_1974.pdf#|title=The Azad Jammu And Kashmir Interim Constitution Act, 1974|format=PDF|access-date=28 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131013171853/http://www.ajkassembly.gok.pk/AJK_Interim_Constitution_Act_1974.pdf|archive-date=13 October 2013|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Palau}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Palau
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}Under [[Compact of Free Association]] with the [[Улас оронуудай жагсаалта#United States|United States]].
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flagcountry|State of Palestine}}'''&amp;nbsp;– State of Palestine
| style=&quot;background:#ddf;&quot; |&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; [[United Nations General Assembly observers|UN General Assembly observer state]]; member of 2 [[List of specialized agencies of the United Nations|UN specialized agencies]]&lt;!-- {{cn|date=April 2021}} -- it appears that the convention on this page is to keep details and citations to the last column, which is where the details and citations for this claim can be found --&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#fcc;&quot; |[[International recognition of the State of Palestine|Partially unrecognised]].
{{extent}}The State of Palestine, declared in 1988, is not recognised as a state by Israel but has received diplomatic recognition from {{Numrec|Pal}} states.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author=Palestine Liberation Organization|title=Road For Palestinian Statehood: Recognition and Admission|url=http://www.nad-plo.org/etemplate.php?id=5|publisher=Negotiations Affairs Department|access-date=28 July 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110818214013/http://www.nad-plo.org/etemplate.php?id=5|archive-date=18 August 2011|df=mdy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt; The proclaimed state has no agreed territorial borders, or effective control over much of the territory that it proclaimed.&lt;ref&gt;See the following on statehood criteria:

* {{cite web|author=Mendes, Errol|title=Statehood and Palestine for the purposes of Article 12 (3) of the ICC Statute|url=http://uclalawforum.com/media/background/gaza/2010-03-30_Mendes-Memo.pdf|pages=28, 33|date=30 March 2010|access-date=17 April 2011|postscript=:|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110831190057/http://uclalawforum.com/media/background/gaza/2010-03-30_Mendes-Memo.pdf|archive-date=31 August 2011|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}} &quot;...the Palestinian State also meets the traditional criteria under the Montevideo Convention...&quot;; &quot;...the fact that a majority of states have recognised Palestine as a State should easily fulfil the requisite state practice&quot;.
* {{cite journal|author=McKinney, Kathryn M.|title=The Legal Effects of the Israeli-PLO Declaration ofPrinciples: Steps Toward Statehood for Palestine|url=http://lawpublications.seattleu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1438&amp;context=sulr&amp;sei-redir=1#search=%22palestine+%22constitutive+theory%22+statehood%22|journal=Seattle University Law Review|volume=18|issue=93|year=1994|page=97|publisher=Seattle University|access-date=17 April 2011|postscript=:|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722063030/http://lawpublications.seattleu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1438&amp;context=sulr&amp;sei-redir=1#search=%22palestine+%22constitutive+theory%22+statehood%22|archive-date=22 July 2011|df=dmy-all}} {{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://lawpublications.seattleu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1438&amp;context=sulr&amp;sei-redir=1 |accessdate=2 February 2022 |archivedate=22 July 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722063030/http://lawpublications.seattleu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1438&amp;context=sulr&amp;sei-redir=1 }} &quot;It is possible, however, to argue for Palestinian statehood based on the constitutive theory&quot;.
* {{cite journal|author=McDonald, Avril|title=Operation Cast Lead: Drawing the Battle Lines of the Legal Dispute|url=https://litigation-essentials.lexisnexis.com/webcd/app?action=DocumentDisplay&amp;crawlid=1&amp;doctype=cite&amp;docid=16+Hum.+Rts.+Br.+25&amp;srctype=smi&amp;srcid=3B15&amp;key=74ccae52ba220673512e7784449388f0|journal=Human Rights Brief|volume=25|date=Spring 2009|publisher=Washington College of Law, Center for Human Rights and Humanitarian Law|access-date=17 April 2011|postscript=:|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120329201731/https://litigation-essentials.lexisnexis.com/webcd/app?action=DocumentDisplay&amp;crawlid=1&amp;doctype=cite&amp;docid=16+Hum.+Rts.+Br.+25&amp;srctype=smi&amp;srcid=3B15&amp;key=74ccae52ba220673512e7784449388f0|archive-date=29 March 2012|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}} &quot;Whether one applies the criteria of statehood set out in the Montevideo Convention or the more widely accepted constitutive theory of statehood, Palestine might be considered a state.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; The [[Palestinian National Authority]] is an interim administrative body formed as a result of the [[Oslo Accords]] that exercises limited autonomous jurisdiction within the [[Palestinian territories]]. In foreign relations, Palestine is represented by the [[Palestine Liberation Organization]].&lt;ref name=&quot;unnms&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Non-member States and Entities|url=https://www.un.org/en/members/nonmembers.shtml|publisher=United Nations|access-date=30 August 2010|date=29 February 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090509204646/http://www.un.org/en/members/nonmembers.shtml|archive-date=9 May 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt; The State of Palestine is a member state of UNESCO,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author=United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization|title=Arab States: Palestine|url=http://www.unesco.org/new/en/unesco/worldwide/arab-states/palestine/|publisher=United Nations|access-date=3 December 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120104131813/http://www.unesco.org/new/en/unesco/worldwide/arab-states/palestine/|archive-date=4 January 2012|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt; UNIDO and other international organizations.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=The Palestinians: Background and U.S. Relations|url=https://fas.org/sgp/crs/mideast/RL34074.pdf|pages=40–41|date=18 March 2021|publisher=Congressional Research Service|accessdate=2 February 2022|archivedate=13 May 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513163558/https://fas.org/sgp/crs/mideast/RL34074.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Panama}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Panama
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Papua New Guinea}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Independent State of Papua New Guinea
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}Papua New Guinea is a [[Commonwealth realm]]{{efn|name=&quot;realm&quot;}} with one autonomous region, [[Autonomous Region of Bougainville|Bougainville]].{{efn|name=&quot;autonomous&quot;}}
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Paraguay}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Paraguay
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Peru}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Peru
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Philippines}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of the Philippines
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}The Philippines contains one autonomous region, [[Bangsamoro]].{{efn|name=&quot;autonomous&quot;}}
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Poland}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Poland
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}Member of the EU.{{efn|name=&quot;EU&quot;}}
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Portugal}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Portuguese Republic
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}Member of the EU.{{efn|name=&quot;EU&quot;}} Portugal contains two autonomous regions, [[Azores|the Azores]] and [[Madeira]].{{efn|name=&quot;autonomous&quot;}}
|-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;ZZZ&lt;/span&gt;''Pridnestrovie → [[Улас оронуудай жагсаалта#Transnistria|See Transnistria listing]]''
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Qatar}}'''&amp;nbsp;– State of Qatar
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}
|-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;ZZZ&lt;/span&gt;''Republic of Korea → [[Улас оронуудай жагсаалта#Korea South|See Korea, South listing]]''
|-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;ZZZ&lt;/span&gt;''Republic of the Congo → [[Улас оронуудай жагсаалта#Congo, Republic of the|See Congo, Republic of the listing]]''
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Romania}}'''
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}Member of the EU.{{efn|name=&quot;EU&quot;}}
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Russia}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Russian Federation
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}Russia is a [[federation]] of 85&amp;nbsp;[[Federal subjects of Russia|federal subjects]] (republics, oblasts, krais, autonomous okrugs, federal cities, and an autonomous oblast). Several of the federal subjects are ethnic republics.{{efn|name=&quot;autonomous&quot;}}
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Rwanda}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Rwanda
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}
|-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;ZZZ&lt;/span&gt;''Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic → [[Улас оронуудай жагсаалта#SADR|See Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic listing]]''
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Saint Kitts and Nevis}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Federation of Saint Christopher and Nevis
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}Saint Kitts and Nevis is a [[Commonwealth realm]]{{efn|name=&quot;realm&quot;}} and is a [[federation]]{{efn|name=&quot;federal&quot;}} of two islands, [[St. Kitts]] and [[Nevis]].
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Saint Lucia}}'''
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}Saint Lucia is a [[Commonwealth realm]].{{efn|name=&quot;realm&quot;}}
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Saint Vincent and the Grenadines}}'''
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}Saint Vincent and the Grenadines is a [[Commonwealth realm]].{{efn|name=&quot;realm&quot;}}
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Samoa}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Independent State of Samoa
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|San Marino}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of San Marino
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|São Tomé and Príncipe}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}São Tomé and Príncipe contains one autonomous province, [[Príncipe]].{{efn|name=&quot;autonomous&quot;}}
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Saudi Arabia}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}&lt;!--Sealand is not a sovereign state according to the definition in the introduction of this article and should not be included--&gt; &lt;!--Scotland is not a sovereign state according to the definition in the introduction of this article and should not be included--&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Senegal}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Senegal
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Serbia}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Serbia
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}Serbia contains two autonomous regions, [[Vojvodina]] and [[Kosovo and Metohija]].{{efn|name=&quot;autonomous&quot;}} The latter is under the ''de facto'' control of [[Улас оронуудай жагсаалта#Kosovo|Kosovo]].
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Seychelles}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Seychelles
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Sierra Leone}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Sierra Leone
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Singapore}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Singapore
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Slovakia}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Slovak Republic
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}Member of the EU.{{efn|name=&quot;EU&quot;}}
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Slovenia}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Slovenia
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}Member of the EU.{{efn|name=&quot;EU&quot;}}
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Solomon Islands}}'''
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}Solomon Islands is a [[Commonwealth realm]].{{efn|name=&quot;realm&quot;}}
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Somalia}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Federal Republic of Somalia
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}Somalia is a federation of [[States and regions of Somalia|six states]]. Two, [[Puntland]] and [[Galmudug]], have self-declared autonomy, while one, [[Улас оронуудай жагсаалта#Somaliland|Somaliland]], is ''de facto'' independent.
|-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;ZZZ&lt;/span&gt;''Somaliland → [[Улас оронуудай жагсаалта#Somaliland|See Somaliland listing]]''
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|South Africa}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of South Africa
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}
|-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;ZZZ&lt;/span&gt;''South Korea → [[Улас оронуудай жагсаалта#Korea South|See Korea, South listing]]''
|-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;ZZZ&lt;/span&gt;''South Ossetia → [[Улас оронуудай жагсаалта#South Ossetia|See South Ossetia listing]]''
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|South Sudan}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of South Sudan
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}South Sudan is a [[federation]] of [[States of South Sudan|10 states and three administrative areas]].

* The [[Abyei|Abyei Area]] is a zone with &quot;special administrative status&quot; established by the [[Comprehensive Peace Agreement]] in 2005. It is ''de jure'' a condominium of South Sudan and Sudan, but ''de facto'' administered by two competing administrations and the United Nations.&lt;ref name=&quot;UNISFA2017&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://unisfa.unmissions.org/statement-unisfa-recent-spate-attacks-abyei|title=Statement from UNISFA on the recent spate of attacks in Abyei|website=UNmissions.org|date=18 October 2017|access-date=12 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180213022254/https://unisfa.unmissions.org/statement-unisfa-recent-spate-attacks-abyei|archive-date=13 February 2018|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;AbyeiName&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.gurtong.net/ECM/Editorial/tabid/124/ctl/ArticleView/mid/519/articleId/17103/Abyei-Administration-Area-Changes-Name.aspx|title=Abyei Administration Area Changes Name|website=Gurtong.net|date=29 July 2015|access-date=12 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180213022037/http://www.gurtong.net/ECM/Editorial/tabid/124/ctl/ArticleView/mid/519/articleId/17103/Abyei-Administration-Area-Changes-Name.aspx|archive-date=13 February 2018|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Spain}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Kingdom of Spain
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}Member of the EU.{{efn|name=&quot;EU&quot;}} Spain is divided into [[Autonomous communities of Spain|17 autonomous communities and two special autonomous cities]].{{efn|name=&quot;autonomous&quot;}}{{efn|Spain holds several small overseas territories scattered along the Mediterranean coast bordering [[Morocco]], known as the [[Plazas de soberanía]].|name=&quot;Plazas&quot;}}
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Sri Lanka}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka{{efn|Formerly known as [[Dominion of Ceylon|Ceylon]] until 1972.}}
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Sudan}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of the Sudan
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}Sudan is a [[federation]] of [[States of Sudan|18 states]].

* The [[Abyei|Abyei Area]] is a zone with &quot;special administrative status&quot; established by the [[Comprehensive Peace Agreement]] in 2005. It is ''de jure'' a condominium of South Sudan and Sudan, but ''de facto'' administered by two competing administrations and the United Nations.&lt;ref name=&quot;UNISFA2017&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;AbyeiName&quot; /&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;ZZZ&lt;/span&gt;''Sudan, South → [[Улас оронуудай жагсаалта#South Sudan|See South Sudan listing]]''
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Suriname}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Suriname
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}
|-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;ZZZ&lt;/span&gt;''Swaziland → [[Улас оронуудай жагсаалта#Eswatini|See Eswatini listing]]''
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Sweden}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Kingdom of Sweden
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}Member of the EU.{{efn|name=&quot;EU&quot;}}
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Switzerland}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Swiss Confederation
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}Switzerland is a [[federation]] of [[Cantons of Switzerland|26 cantons]].
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Syria}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Syrian Arab Republic
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}The [[National Coalition for Syrian Revolutionary and Opposition Forces|Syrian National Coalition]], which is [[International recognition of the Syrian National Coalition|recognised]] as the legitimate representative of the Syrian people by 20 UN members, has established an [[Syrian Interim Government|interim government]] to rule rebel controlled territory during the [[Syrian civil war]]. Syria has one self-declared autonomous region: [[Rojava]].
|-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;ZZZ&lt;/span&gt;''Taiwan (Republic of China) → [[Улас оронуудай жагсаалта#Taiwan|See Taiwan listing]]''
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Tajikistan}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Tajikistan
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}Tajikistan contains one autonomous region, [[Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province]].{{efn|name=&quot;autonomous&quot;}}
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Tanzania}}'''&amp;nbsp;– United Republic of Tanzania
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}Tanzania contains one autonomous region, [[Zanzibar]].{{efn|name=&quot;autonomous&quot;}}
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Thailand}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Kingdom of Thailand
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}
|-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;ZZZ&lt;/span&gt;''The Bahamas → [[Улас оронуудай жагсаалта#Bahamas|See Bahamas, The listing]]''
|-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;ZZZ&lt;/span&gt;''The Gambia → [[Улас оронуудай жагсаалта#Gambia|See Gambia, The listing]]''
|-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;ZZZ&lt;/span&gt;''Timor-Leste → [[Улас оронуудай жагсаалта#East Timor|See East Timor listing]]''
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Togo}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Togolese Republic
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Tonga}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Kingdom of Tonga
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}
|-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;ZZZ&lt;/span&gt;''Transnistria → [[Улас оронуудай жагсаалта#Transnistria|See Transnistria listing]]''
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Trinidad and Tobago}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Trinidad and Tobago
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}Trinidad and Tobago contains one autonomous region, [[Tobago]].{{efn|name=&quot;autonomous&quot;}}
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Tunisia}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Tunisia
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Turkey}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Turkey
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Turkmenistan}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Turkmenistan
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Tuvalu}}'''
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}Tuvalu is a [[Commonwealth realm]].{{efn|name=&quot;realm&quot;}}
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Uganda}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Uganda
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Ukraine}}'''
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}Ukraine contains one autonomous region, the [[Autonomous Republic of Crimea]],{{efn|name=&quot;autonomous&quot;}} which is under the ''de facto'' control of [[Улас оронуудай жагсаалта#Russia|Russia]], along with neighbouring [[Sevastopol]].
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|United Arab Emirates}}'''
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}The United Arab Emirates is a [[federation]] of [[Emirates of the United Arab Emirates|seven emirates]].
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|United Kingdom}}'''&amp;nbsp;– United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}The United Kingdom is a [[Commonwealth realm]]{{efn||name=&quot;realm&quot;|group=}} consisting of [[Countries of the United Kingdom|four constituent countries]]; [[England]], [[Northern Ireland]], [[Scotland]], and [[Wales]]. The United Kingdom has the following 13 [[British Overseas Territories|overseas territories]] and one [[Territorial claims in Antarctica|claimed]] Antarctic dependent territory:

* {{noflag|[[Akrotiri and Dhekelia]]}}
* {{flag|Anguilla}}
* {{flag|Bermuda}}
* {{flag|British Indian Ocean Territory}}
* {{flag|British Virgin Islands}}
* {{flag|Cayman Islands}}
* {{flag|Falkland Islands}}
* {{flag|Gibraltar}}
* {{flag|Montserrat}}
* {{flag|Pitcairn Islands}}
* {{noflag|[[Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha]]}}
* {{flag|South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands}}
* {{flag|Turks and Caicos Islands}}
* ''{{flag|British Antarctic Territory}}''

The [[The Crown|British monarch]] also has direct sovereignty over three self-governing [[Crown dependencies]]:

* {{flag|Bailiwick of Guernsey|name=Guernsey}}
* {{flag|Isle of Man}}
* {{flag|Jersey}}
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|United States}}'''&amp;nbsp;– United States of America
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}The United States is a [[federation]] of [[Political divisions of the United States#States and their subdivisions|50 states]], one [[Washington, D.C.|federal district]], and one [[Palmyra Atoll|incorporated territory]]. Additionally, the [[Federal government of the United States]] has sovereignty over 13 [[unincorporated territories]]. Of these territories, the following five are inhabited possessions:

* {{flag|American Samoa}}
* {{flag|Guam}}
* {{flag|Northern Mariana Islands}}
* {{flag|Puerto Rico}}
* {{flag|U.S. Virgin Islands}}

It also has sovereignty over several uninhabited territories:

* [[Baker Island]]
* [[Howland Island]]
* [[Jarvis Island]]
* [[Johnston Atoll]]
* [[Kingman Reef]]
* [[Midway Atoll]]
* [[Navassa Island]]
* [[Wake Island]]

It also disputes sovereignty over the following two territories:

* ''[[Bajo Nuevo Bank]]''
* ''[[Serranilla Bank]]''

Three sovereign states have become [[Associated state|associated states]] of the United States under the [[Compact of Free Association]]:

* {{flag|Marshall Islands}} – Republic of the Marshall Islands
* {{flag|Micronesia}} – Federated States of Micronesia
* {{flag|Palau}} – Republic of Palau
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Uruguay}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Oriental Republic of Uruguay
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Uzbekistan}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Uzbekistan
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}Uzbekistan contains one autonomous region, [[Karakalpakstan]].{{efn|name=&quot;autonomous&quot;}}
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Vanuatu}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Vanuatu
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Vatican City}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Vatican City State
| style=&quot;background:#ddf;&quot; |&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; [[United Nations General Assembly observers|UN General Assembly observer state]] under the designation of &quot;[[Holy See]]&quot;; member of three [[List of specialized agencies of the United Nations|UN specialized agencies]] and the [[International Atomic Energy Agency|IAEA]]
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}Administered by the [[Holy See]], a sovereign entity with diplomatic relations to {{Numrec|Holy See||states|N=3}}. This figure consists of {{Numrec|Holy See|link=N}} UN member states, the Cook Islands, the Republic of China (Taiwan), and the State of Palestine.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/secretariat_state/documents/rc_seg-st_20010123_holy-see-relations_en.html|title=Bilateral relations of the Holy See|publisher=Holy See website|access-date=5 June 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140709142833/https://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/secretariat_state/documents/rc_seg-st_20010123_holy-see-relations_en.html|archive-date=9 July 2014|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt; In addition, the European Union and the Sovereign Military Order of Malta maintain diplomatic relations with the Holy See. The Holy See is a member of the [[International Atomic Energy Agency|IAEA]], [[International Telecommunication Union|ITU]], [[Universal Postal Union|UPU]], and [[World Intellectual Property Organization|WIPO]] and a permanent observer of the UN (in the category of &quot;Non-member State&quot;)&lt;ref name=&quot;unnms&quot; /&gt; and [[Foreign relations of the Holy See#Participation in international organizations|multiple other UN System organizations]]. The Vatican City is governed by officials appointed by the [[Pope]], who is the Bishop of the Diocese of Rome and ''[[ex officio]]'' sovereign of Vatican City.
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Venezuela}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}Venezuela is a [[federation]] of [[States of Venezuela|23 states]], [[Administrative divisions of Venezuela|one capital district, and federal dependencies]].
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Vietnam}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Socialist Republic of Vietnam
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}
|-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;ZZZ&lt;/span&gt;''Western Sahara → [[Улас оронуудай жагсаалта#SADR|See Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic listing]]''
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Yemen}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Yemen
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Zambia}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Zambia
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Zimbabwe}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Zimbabwe
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; UN member state
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
{{extent}}
|- style=&quot;background:Lightgrey;&quot;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;ZZZ&lt;/span&gt;↑ [[Member states of the United Nations|UN member states]] and [[United Nations General Assembly observers#Present non-member observers|General Assembly observer states]] ↑
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A ZZZ&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;ZZZ&lt;/span&gt;
|
|- style=&quot;background:Darkgrey;&quot;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;ZZZ&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;AB&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;B&lt;/span&gt;
|
|- style=&quot;background:Lightgrey;&quot;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;ZZZ&lt;/span&gt;↓ Other states ↓
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;D AAA&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;ZZZ&lt;/span&gt;
|{{Anchor|Other states}}
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Abkhazia}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Abkhazia
| style=&quot;background:LemonChiffon;&quot; |&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt; No membership
| style=&quot;background:#fcc;&quot; |{{claimedby|GEORGIA}}
{{extent}}[[International recognition of Abkhazia and South Ossetia|Recognised by]] Russia, Nauru, Nicaragua, Syria, Venezuela, Artsakh, South Ossetia and Transnistria.&lt;ref name=&quot;ASOTREC&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.newsru.com/russia/17nov2006/aup.html|date=17 November 2006|access-date=5 June 2011|script-title=ru:Абхазия, Южная Осетия и Приднестровье признали независимость друг друга и призвали всех к этому же|publisher=newsru.com|language=ru|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090416050525/http://www.newsru.com/russia/17nov2006/aup.html|archive-date=16 April 2009|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt; Claimed in whole by [[Улас оронуудай жагсаалта#Georgia|Georgia]] as the [[Government of the Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia|Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia]].
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Artsakh}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Artsakh{{efn|Formerly known as the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic, its official name from 1991 to 2017}}
| style=&quot;background:LemonChiffon;&quot; |&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt; No membership
| style=&quot;background:#fcc;&quot; |{{claimedby|AZERBAIJAN}}
{{extent}}A ''de facto'' independent state,&lt;ref name=&quot;montevideo&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4PwmeRG9QsUC|last1=Ker-Lindsay|first1=James|title=The Foreign Policy of Counter Secession: Preventing the Recognition of Contested States|page=53|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|year=2012|quote=In addition to the four cases of contested statehood described above, there are three other territories that have unilaterally declared independence and are generally regarded as having met the Montevideo criteria for statehood but have not been recognized by any states: Transnistria, Nagorny Karabakh, and Somaliland.|access-date=24 September 2013|df=dmy-all|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131009041217/http://books.google.com/books?id=4PwmeRG9QsUC|archive-date=9 October 2013|url-status=live|isbn=9780199698394}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Krüger, Heiko|title=The Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict: A Legal Analysis|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7JDCQu-Us8sC&amp;pg=PA55|page=55|publisher=Springer|year=2010|isbn=978-3-642-11787-9}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Nikoghosyan, Hovhannes|title=Kosovo ruling implications for Armenia and Azerbaijan|url=http://www.huliq.com/1/803-kosovo-ruling-implications-armenia-and-azerbaijan|newspaper=HULIQ.com|publisher=Hareyan Publishing, LLC|date=August 2010|access-date=17 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111123044441/http://www.huliq.com/1/803-kosovo-ruling-implications-armenia-and-azerbaijan|archive-date=23 November 2011|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Foreign relations of Artsakh|recognised only by]] [[Abkhazia]],&lt;ref name=&quot;NKRrecognition&quot;&gt;[http://ararat-online.ru/news/984-2025-vice-spiker-parlamenta-abxazii-vybory-v-nkr-sootvetstvuyut-vsem-mezhdunarodnym-standartam.html Вице-спикер парламента Абхазии: Выборы в НКР соответствуют всем международным стандартам] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811164310/http://ararat-online.ru/news/984-2025-vice-spiker-parlamenta-abxazii-vybory-v-nkr-sootvetstvuyut-vsem-mezhdunarodnym-standartam.html|date=11 August 2011}}: &quot;Абхазия, Южная Осетия, НКР и Приднестровье уже давно признали независимость друг друга и очень тесно сотрудничают между собой&quot;, – сказал вице-спикер парламента Абхазии. ... &quot;...Абхазия признала независимость Нагорно-Карабахской Республики...&quot; – сказал он.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; [[South Ossetia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;NKRrecognition&quot; /&gt; and [[Transnistria]].&lt;ref name=&quot;NKRrecognition&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;transgovt&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://pridnestrovie.net/foreignpolicy_full.html|title=In detail: The foreign policy of Pridnestrovie|publisher=[[Pridnestrovie]]|date=26 May 2010|access-date=29 June 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080511144044/http://pridnestrovie.net/foreignpolicy_full.html|archive-date=11 May 2008|accessdate=2 February 2022|archivedate=11 May 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080511144044/http://pridnestrovie.net/foreignpolicy_full.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; Claimed in whole by [[Улас оронуудай жагсаалта#Azerbaijan|Azerbaijan]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/country_profiles/3658938.stm Regions and territories: Nagorno-Karabakh] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070823113424/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/country_profiles/3658938.stm|date=23 August 2007}} (17 January 2006). BBC News. Retrieved 17 January 2006.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Cook Islands}}'''
| style=&quot;background:#e2efda;&quot; |&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt; Member of eight [[List of specialized agencies of the United Nations|UN specialized agencies]]
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
&lt;small&gt;(See [[Political status of the Cook Islands and Niue|political status]])&lt;/small&gt;

{{extent}}A state in [[Associated state|free association]] with [[Улас оронуудай жагсаалта#New Zealand|New Zealand]], {{Numrel|CK|diplomatic relations with|states|alt2=the Cook Islands maintains|O=Y}}. The Cook Islands is a member of [[List of specialized agencies of the United Nations|multiple UN agencies]] with full treaty making capacity.&lt;ref name=&quot;untreaty1&quot; /&gt; It shares a [[Monarchy of New Zealand|head of state]] with New Zealand as well as having [[New Zealand nationality law|shared citizenship]].
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Kosovo}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Kosovo
| style=&quot;background:#e2efda;&quot; |&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt; Member of two [[List of specialized agencies of the United Nations|UN specialized agencies]]
| style=&quot;background:#fcc;&quot; |{{claimedby|SERBIA}}
{{extent}}Pursuant to [[United Nations Security Council Resolution 1244]], Kosovo was placed under the administration of the [[United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo]] in 1999.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo|url=https://www.un.org/en/peacekeeping/missions/unmik/|website=UN|access-date=8 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141225015010/http://www.un.org/en/peacekeeping/missions/unmik/|archive-date=25 December 2014|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kosovo [[2008 Kosovo declaration of independence|declared independence in 2008]], and it has {{Numrec|Kos|received diplomatic recognition from|UN member states}} and the [[Republic of China]], while 18 states have recognized Kosovo only to later withdraw their recognition.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.mfa.gov.rs/sr/index.php/pres-servis/saopstenja/22340--18-k-sl03032020?lang=lat ''&quot;Sijera Leone je 18. država koja je povukla priznanje tzv. Kosova&quot;'' − http://www.mfa.gov.rs/]&lt;/ref&gt; Serbia continues to maintain its sovereignty claim over Kosovo. Other UN member states and non UN member states continue to recognise Serbian sovereignty or have taken no position on the question. Kosovo is a member of the [[International Monetary Fund]] and the [[World Bank Group]]. The Republic of Kosovo has ''de facto'' control over most of the territory, with limited control in [[North Kosovo]].
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Niue}}'''
| style=&quot;background:#e2efda;&quot; |&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt; Member of five [[List of specialized agencies of the United Nations|UN specialized agencies]]
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; None
&lt;small&gt;(See [[Political status of the Cook Islands and Niue|political status]])&lt;/small&gt;

{{extent}}A state in [[Associated state|free association]] with [[Улас оронуудай жагсаалта#New Zealand|New Zealand]], {{Numrel|Niue|diplomatic relations with|states|alt2=Niue maintains|O=Y}}. Niue is a member of [[List of specialized agencies of the United Nations|multiple UN agencies]] with full treaty making capacity.&lt;ref name=&quot;untreaty1&quot; /&gt; It shares a [[Monarchy of New Zealand|head of state]] with New Zealand as well as having [[New Zealand nationality law|shared citizenship]].
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Northern Cyprus}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus
| style=&quot;background:LemonChiffon;&quot; |&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt; No membership
| style=&quot;background:#fcc;&quot; |{{claimedby|CYPRUS}}
{{extent}} [[Foreign relations of Northern Cyprus|Recognised only by]] [[Улас оронуудай жагсаалта#Turkey|Turkey]]. Under the name &quot;Turkish Cypriot State&quot;, it is an observer state of the [[Organisation of Islamic Cooperation]] and the [[Economic Cooperation Organization]]. Northern Cyprus is claimed in whole by the [[Улас оронуудай жагсаалта#Cyprus|Republic of Cyprus]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/cyprus/ The World Factbook|Cyprus] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109202203/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/cyprus/ |date=2021-01-09 }}  (10 January 2006). Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 17 January 2006.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic}}'''
| style=&quot;background:LemonChiffon;&quot; |&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt; No membership
| style=&quot;background:#fcc;&quot; |{{claimedby|MOROCCO}}
{{extent}}Recognised at some stage by {{Numrec|SADR||UN member states}}, {{Numrec|SADR|W=Y|link=N}} of which have since withdrawn or frozen their recognition. It is a founding member of the [[African Union]] and the Asian–African Strategic Partnership formed at the 2005 [[Asian–African Conference]]. The territories under its control, the so-called [[Free Zone (region)|Free Zone]], are claimed in whole by [[Улас оронуудай жагсаалта#Morocco|Morocco]] as part of its [[Southern Provinces]]. In turn, the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic claims the part of [[Western Sahara]] to the west of the [[Moroccan Western Sahara Wall|Moroccan Wall]] controlled by Morocco. Its government resides in exile in [[Tindouf]], [[Улас оронуудай жагсаалта#Algeria|Algeria]].
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Somaliland}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Somaliland
| style=&quot;background:LemonChiffon;&quot; |&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt; No membership
| style=&quot;background:#fcc;&quot; |{{claimedby|SOMALIA}}
{{extent}}A ''de facto'' independent state,&lt;ref name=&quot;montevideo&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;FailureofStates&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|url=http://minnjil.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/04/kreuterweb-pdf.pdf|last1=Kreuter|first1=Aaron|title=Self-Determination, Sovereignty, and the Failure of States: Somaliland and the Case for Justified Secession|journal=[[Minnesota Journal of International Law]]|volume=19:2|pages=380–381|publisher=[[University of Minnesota Law School]]|year=2010|quote=Considering each of these factors, Somaliland has a colorable argument that it meets the theoretical requirements of statehood. ... On these bases, Somaliland appears to have a strong claim to statehood.|access-date=24 September 2013|df=dmy-all|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927082111/http://minnjil.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/04/kreuterweb-pdf.pdf|archive-date=27 September 2013|url-status=dead}} {{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://minnjil.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/04/kreuterweb-pdf.pdf |accessdate=2 February 2022 |archivedate=27 September 2013 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927082111/http://minnjil.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/04/kreuterweb-pdf.pdf }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;AfricaReport&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|url=http://www.operationspaix.net/IMG/pdf/ICG_Somaliland_AU_Leadership_2006-05-23_.pdf|author=International Crisis Group|title=Somaliland: Time for African Union leadership|journal=[[The Africa Report]]|issue=110|pages=10–13|publisher=[[Jeune Afrique|Groupe Jeune Afrique]]|date=23 May 2006|access-date=19 April 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720022321/http://www.operationspaix.net/IMG/pdf/ICG_Somaliland_AU_Leadership_2006-05-23_.pdf|archive-date=20 July 2011|df=dmy-all}} {{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.operationspaix.net/IMG/pdf/ICG_Somaliland_AU_Leadership_2006-05-23_.pdf |accessdate=2022-02-02 |archivedate=2011-07-20 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720022321/http://www.operationspaix.net/IMG/pdf/ICG_Somaliland_AU_Leadership_2006-05-23_.pdf }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PolSomaliland&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|url=http://www.somalilandtimes.net/sl/2009/403/P200.pdf|last1=Mesfin|first1=Berouk|title=The political development of Somaliland and its conflict with Puntland|journal=ISS Paper|issue=200|page=8|publisher=[[Institute for Security Studies]]|date=September 2009|access-date=19 April 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111123043040/http://www.somalilandtimes.net/sl/2009/403/P200.pdf|archive-date=23 November 2011|df=dmy}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;StrangeCase&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|url=http://yalejournal.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/083206arieff.pdf|last1=Arieff|first1=Alexis|title=De Facto Statehood? The Strange Case of Somaliland|journal=[[Yale Journal of International Affairs]]|issue=Spring/Summer 2008|pages=1–79|publisher=International Affairs Council at Yale|access-date=17 April 2011|df=dmy-all|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111213214545/http://yalejournal.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/083206arieff.pdf|archive-date=13 December 2011|url-status=live}} {{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://yalejournal.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/083206arieff.pdf |accessdate=2 February 2022 |archivedate=13 December 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111213214545/http://yalejournal.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/083206arieff.pdf }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Foreign relations of Somaliland|not diplomatically recognised by]] any other state, claimed in whole by the [[Улас оронуудай жагсаалта#Somalia|Federal Republic of Somalia]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Somalilandprofile&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Somaliland profile|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-14115069|website=[[BBC News]]|date=14 December 2017|access-date=27 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170423054426/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-14115069|archive-date=23 April 2017|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|South Ossetia}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of South Ossetia–the State of Alania
| style=&quot;background:LemonChiffon;&quot; |&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt; No membership
| style=&quot;background:#fcc;&quot; |{{claimedby|GEORGIA}}
{{extent}}A ''de facto'' independent state,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Jansen, Dinah|title=The Conflict between Self-Determination and Territorial Integrity: the South Ossetian Paradigm|url=https://es.scribd.com/document/31659924/The-Conflict-between-Self-Determination-and-Territorial-Integrity-The-South-Ossetian-Paradigm|journal=Geopolitics Vs. Global Governance: Reinterpreting International Security|pages=222–242|year=2009|publisher=Centre for Foreign Policy Studies, University of Dalhousie|isbn=978-1-896440-61-3|access-date=14 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180819063355/https://es.scribd.com/document/31659924/The-Conflict-between-Self-Determination-and-Territorial-Integrity-The-South-Ossetian-Paradigm|archive-date=19 August 2018|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[International recognition of Abkhazia and South Ossetia|recognised by]] Russia, Nicaragua, Nauru, Syria, Venezuela, Abkhazia, Artsakh and Transnistria. Claimed in whole by [[Улас оронуудай жагсаалта#Georgia|Georgia]] as the [[Provisional Administrative Entity of South Ossetia]].&lt;ref name=&quot;cnnAbSO&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Russia condemned for recognizing rebel regions|url=http://www.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/europe/08/26/russia.vote.georgia/index.html|newspaper=CNN.com|publisher=Cable News Network|date=26 August 2008|access-date=26 August 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080829045537/http://www.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/europe/08/26/russia.vote.georgia/index.html|archive-date=29 August 2008|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Republic of China|name=Taiwan}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of China{{efn|name=&quot;ChinaTaiwan&quot;}}
| style=&quot;background:LemonChiffon;&quot; |&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt; No membership
| style=&quot;background:#fcc;&quot; |[[Foreign relations of Taiwan|Partially unrecognised]]. {{claimedby|PRC}}
{{extent}}A state competing (nominally) for recognition with the [[China|People's Republic of China]] (PRC) as the government of China since 1949. The Republic of China (ROC) controls the island of [[Taiwan]] and associated islands, Quemoy, Matsu, the Pratas and parts of the [[Spratly Islands]], and has not renounced claims over its annexed territories on the [[Mainland China|mainland]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Ma refers to China as ROC territory in magazine interview|work=[[Taipei Times]]|date=8 October 2008|url=http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2008/10/08/2003425320|access-date=13 October 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090603213128/http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2008/10/08/2003425320|archive-date=3 June 2009|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt; The ROC is recognised by {{Numrec|ROC|asof=E|alt=UN member states and the Holy See as of}}, none of which recognise the PRC. Additionally, one UN member ([[Bhutan]]) has [[Foreign relations of Taiwan#Relations with neither the ROC nor the PRC|refrained from recognising]] either the ROC or the PRC.

The territory of the ROC is claimed in whole by the PRC.{{efn|name=&quot;TAI2&quot;}} The ROC [[Foreign relations of Taiwan#Relations with international organizations|participates in international organizations]] under a variety of pseudonyms, most commonly &quot;[[Chinese Taipei]]&quot; and in the [[World Trade Organization|WTO]] it has full membership. The ROC was a founding member of the UN and enjoyed membership from 1945 to 1971, with veto power in the [[United Nations Security Council|UN Security Council]]. See [[China and the United Nations]].
|-
| style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot; |'''{{flag|Transnistria|state}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic
| style=&quot;background:LemonChiffon;&quot; |&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt; No membership
| style=&quot;background:#fcc;&quot; |{{claimedby|MOLDOVA}}
{{extent}}A ''de facto'' independent state,&lt;ref name=&quot;montevideo&quot; /&gt; [[Foreign relations of Transnistria|recognised only by]] Abkhazia, Artsakh and South Ossetia.&lt;ref name=&quot;ASOTREC&quot; /&gt; Claimed in whole by [[Улас оронуудай жагсаалта#Moldova|Moldova]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-18286268 Regions and territories: Trans-Dniester]&lt;/ref&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:Lightgrey;&quot;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;ZZZ&lt;/span&gt;↑ Other states ↑
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;D ZZZ&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;ZZZ&lt;/span&gt;
|
|- style=&quot;background:Darkgrey;&quot;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;ZZZZ&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;ZZZZ&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;ZZZZ&lt;/span&gt;
|
|}
{{col-begin|width=700px}}
{{col-2}}
'''Legend &quot;Membership within the UN System&quot; column'''
{{legend|white|UN Member states}}
{{legend|#ddf|UN General Assembly Observer states}}
{{legend|#e2efda|Member of a UN Specialized Agency}}
{{legend|lemonchiffon|No membership in the UN System}}
{{col-2}}
'''Legend &quot;Sovereignty dispute&quot; column'''
{{legend|white|Undisputed sovereignty}}
{{legend|#fcc|Sovereignty disputed}}
{{col-end}}

==Оронууд==
'''[[Азербайжан]]''' {{·}} [[Арабын Нэгдсэн Эмирт Улс]] {{·}} [[Армени]] {{·}} [[Афганистан]] {{·}} [[Балба]] {{·}} [[Бангладеш]] {{·}} [[Бахрейн]] {{·}} [[Бруней]] {{·}} [[Бутан]]  {{·}} [[Вьетнам]] {{·}} [[Гүрж]] {{·}} [[Египет]] {{·}} [[Зүүн Тимор|Зүүн Тимор (Тимор-Лесте)]] {{·}} [[Израиль]] {{·}} [[Индонез]] {{·}} [[Йордан]] {{·}} [[Ирак]] {{·}} [[Иран]]  {{·}} [[Йемен]] {{·}} [[Казахстан]] {{·}} [[Камбож]] {{·}} [[Катар]] {{·}} [[Кипр]] {{·}} [[Кыргызстан]] {{·}} [[Кувейт]] {{·}} [[Лаос]] {{·}} [[Ливан]] {{·}} [[Малайз]] {{·}} [[Мальдив]] {{·}} [[Монгол Улас]] {{·}} [[Мьянмар]] {{·}} [[Оман]]  {{·}} [[Оросой холбоото улас]] {{·}} [[Узбекистан]] {{·}} [[Пакистан]] {{·}} [[Саудын Араб]] {{·}} [[Сингапур]]  {{·}} [[Сири]] {{·}} [[Хойд Солонгос]] {{·}} [[Өмнөд Солонгос]] {{·}} [[Тажикистан]] {{·}} [[Хитад Улас]] {{·}} [[Таиланд]] {{·}} [[Туркменистан]] {{·}} [[Турк]] {{·}}  [[Филиппин]] {{·}} [[Шри Ланка]] {{·}} [[Энэтхэг]] {{·}} [[Эсватини]] {{·}} [[Жибэн]] {{·}} [[Азербайжан]] {{·}} [[Албани]] {{·}} [[Андорра]] {{·}} [[Армен]] {{·}} [[Беларусь]] {{·}} [[Бельги]] {{·}} [[Болгар]] {{·}} [[Босни ба Херцеговина]] {{·}} [[Ватикан]] {{·}} [[Герман]] {{·}} [[Грек]] {{·}} [[Гүрж]] {{·}} [[Дани]] {{·}} [[Ирланд]] {{·}} [[Исланд]] {{·}} [[Испани]] {{·}} [[Итали]] {{·}} [[Казахстан]] {{·}} [[Кипр]] {{·}} [[Ород]] {{·}} [[Латви]] {{·}} [[Литва]] {{·}} [[Лихтенштейн]] {{·}} [[Люксембург]] {{·}} [[Хойто Македони]] {{·}} [[Мальта]] {{·}} [[Молдав]] {{·}} [[Монако]] {{·}} [[Монтенегро]] {{·}} [[Нидерланд]] {{·}} [[Норвеги]] {{·}} [[Нэгдсэн Вант Улс]] {{·}} [[Польш]] {{·}} [[Португал]] {{·}} [[Румын]] {{·}} [[Сан-Марино]] {{·}} [[Серби]] {{·}} [[Словак]] {{·}} [[Словен]] {{·}} [[Турк]] {{·}} [[Унгар]] {{·}} [[Украина]] {{·}} [[Финланд]] {{·}} [[Франц]] {{·}} [[Хорват]] {{·}} [[Чех]] {{·}} [[Швейцари]] {{·}} [[Швед]] {{·}} [[Эстон]] {{·}} [[Амеэрикын Нэгэдэһэн Улас]] {{·}} [[Антигуа ба Барбуда]] {{·}} [[Багамын арлууд]] {{·}} [[Барбадос]] {{·}} [[Белиз]] {{·}} [[Гайти]] {{·}} [[Гватемал]] {{·}} [[Гондурас]] {{·}} [[Гренада]] {{·}} [[Доминика]] {{·}} [[Доминиканы Бүгд Найрамдах Улс]] {{·}} [[Канад]] {{·}} [[Коста-Рика]] {{·}} [[Куба]] {{·}} [[Мексик]] {{·}} [[Никарагуа]] {{·}} [[Панам]] {{·}} [[Сальвадор]] {{·}} [[Сент-Винсент ба Гренадин]] {{·}} [[Сент-Китс ба Невис]] {{·}} [[Сент-Люси]] {{·}} [[Тринидад ба Тобаго]] {{·}} [[Ямайк]] {{·}} [[Аргентин]] {{·}} [[Боливи]] {{·}} [[Бразил]] {{·}} [[Венесуэл]] {{·}} [[Гайана]] {{·}} [[Колумб]] {{·}}  [[Парагвай]] {{·}} [[Перу]] {{·}} [[Суринам]] {{·}} [[Уругвай]] {{·}} [[Чили]] {{·}} [[Эквадор]] {{·}}[[Алжир]]{{·}}  [[Ангол]] {{·}} [[Бенин]] {{·}} [[Ботсвана]] {{·}} [[Буркино-Фасо]] {{·}} [[Бурунди]] {{·}} [[Габон]] {{·}} [[Гамби]] {{·}} [[Гана]] {{·}} [[Гвиней]] {{·}} [[Гвиней-Бисау]] {{·}} [[Джибути]] {{·}} [[Египет]] {{·}} [[Замби]] {{·}} [[Зимбабве]] {{·}} [[Кабо-Верде]] {{·}} [[Камерун]] {{·}} [[Кени]] {{·}} [[Коморын арлууд]] {{·}} [[Конго]] {{·}} [[Ардчилсан Конго]] {{·}} [[Кот д'Ивуар]] {{·}} [[Лесото]] {{·}} [[Либери]] {{·}} [[Ливи]] {{·}} [[Маврикий]] {{·}} [[Мавритан]] {{·}}  [[Мадагаскар]] {{·}} [[Малави]] {{·}} [[Мали]] {{·}} [[Марокко]] {{·}} [[Мозамбик]] {{·}} [[Намиби]] {{·}} [[Нигер]] {{·}} [[Нигери]] {{·}} [[Өмнөд Африк]] {{·}} [[Өмнөд Судан]] {{·}} [[Руанда]] {{·}} [[Сан-Томе ба Принсип]] {{·}} [[Сейшелийн арлууд]] {{·}} [[Сенегал]] {{·}} [[Сомали]] {{·}} [[Судан]] {{·}} [[Сьерра-Леоне]] {{·}} [[Танзани]] {{·}} [[Того]] {{·}} [[Тунис]] {{·}} [[Төв Африк]] {{·}} [[Уганда]] {{·}} [[Чад]] {{·}} [[Экваторын Гвиней]] {{·}} [[Эритрей]] {{·}} [[Этиоп]] {{·}} [[Австрали]] {{·}} [[Вануату]] {{·}} [[Кирибати]] {{·}} [[Маршаллын арлууд]] {{·}} [[Микронези]] {{·}} [[Науру]] {{·}} [[Палау]] {{·}} [[Папуа-Шинэ Гвиней]] {{·}} [[Самоа]] {{·}} [[Соломоны арлууд]] {{·}} [[Тонга]] {{·}} [[Тувалу]] {{·}} [[Фижи]] {{·}} [[Шэнэ Зеланд]]

== Холбооһон ==
* [http://www.madore.org/~david/misc/countries.html Дэлхийд хэдэн орон байдаг вэ?] - энэ хариулж болохгүй асуултын талаарх Дэйвид Марорегийн ниитлэл


{{stub}}

[[nds:Land#Länner]]
[[sv:Världsgeografi#Lista över länder]]
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Дэлхэй</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="40117" sha1="cyef8ie1fjdwkviguikro1qufktso9x" xml:space="preserve">{{Гараг
| bgcolour=#00b7b5
| name = Дэлхэй
| symbol = [[Файл:Earth symbol (small, bold).svg|32px|🜨]]
| image = [[Файл:The Blue Marble (remastered).jpg|frameless|center|Дэлхэй]]
| flag = {{flagicon|world}}
| caption = [[Аполлон 17]]-һоо абаһан дэлхэйн үнгэтэ зураг
| epoch = [[J2000.0]]
| apoapsis = 152,097,701&amp;nbsp;км &lt;br /&gt;1.0167103335&amp;nbsp;[[Одон ороной нэгэжэ|а.н.]]
| periapsis = 147,098,074&amp;nbsp;км &lt;br /&gt; 0.9832898912&amp;nbsp;А.Н.
| semimajor = 149,597,887.5&amp;nbsp;км &lt;br /&gt; 1.0000001124&amp;nbsp;А.Н.
| eccentricity = 0.016710219
| inclination = 1°34'43.3&quot;&lt;ref name=Allen294&gt;{{cite book
 | title=Allen's Astrophysical Quantities
 | а.н.thor=Allen, Clabon Walter; Cox, Arthur N.
 | publisher=Springer | year=2000 | isbn=0387987460
 | url=http://books.google.com/books?id=w8PK2XFLLH8C&amp;pg=PA294
 | pages=294}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;br /&gt; [[тогтомол хабтан|тогтомол хабтанда]]
| asc_node = 348.73936°
| arg_peri = 114.20783°
| period = 365.256366&amp;nbsp;үдэр&lt;br /&gt; 1.0000175&amp;nbsp;[[Юлианай жэл (одон орон)|Юлианай жэл]]
| avg_speed = 29.783&amp;nbsp;км/с &lt;br /&gt; 107,218&amp;nbsp;км/саг
| satellites = 1&amp;nbsp;([[Һара]])
| physical_characteristics = yes
| flattening = 0.0033528&lt;ref name=iers/&gt;
| equatorial_radius = 6,378.1&amp;nbsp;км&lt;ref name=iers&gt;{{cite conference
 | а.н.thor=IERS Working Groups
 | editor=McCarthy, Dennis D.; Petit, Gérard
 | title=General Definitions and Numerical Standards
 | year=2003 | booktitle=IERS Technical Note No. 32
 | publisher=U.S. Naval Observatory and Bureа.н. International des Poids et Mesures
 | url=http://www.iers.org/MainDisp.csl?pid=46-25776
 | accessdate=2008-08-03 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| polar_radius = 6,356.8&amp;nbsp;км&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book
 | first=Anny
 | last=Cazenave
 | editor=Ahrens, Thomas J.
 | year=1995
 | chaptertitle=Geoid, Topography and Distribution of Landforms
 | title=Global earth physics a handbook of physical constants
 | publisher=American Geophysical Union
 | location=Washington, DC
 | isbn=0-87590-851-9
 | url=http://www.agu.org/reference/gephys/5_cazenave.pdf
 | accessdate=2008-08-03
 | format=PDF
 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061016024803/http://www.agu.org/reference/gephys/5_cazenave.pdf |date=2006-10-16 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| mean_radius = 6,371.0&amp;nbsp;км&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book
 | а.н.thor=Various | editor=David R. Lide | year=2000
 | title=Handbook of Chemistry and Physics
 | edition=81st | publisher=CRC
 | isbn=0849304814 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| circumference = 40,075.02&amp;nbsp;км&amp;nbsp;([[экватор]]ын)&lt;br /&gt;40,007.86&amp;nbsp;км&amp;nbsp;([[уртрагийн]])&lt;br /&gt;40,041.47&amp;nbsp;км&amp;nbsp;(дундаж)
| surface_area = 510,072,000&amp;nbsp;км²&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal
 | last = Pidwirny | first = Michael | date=2006-02-02
 | title=Surface area of our planet covered by oceans and continents.(Table 8o-1)
 | publisher=University of British Columbia, Okanagan
 | url=http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/8o.html
 | accessdate=2007-11-26
}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=cia&gt;{{cite web
 | author=Staff
 | date=2008-07-24
 | url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/xx.html
 | title=World
 | work=The World Factbook
 | publisher=Central Intelligence Agency
 | accessdate=2008-08-05
 | archivedate=2010-01-05
 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100105171656/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/xx.html
 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
148,940,000&amp;nbsp;км²&amp;nbsp;- хуурай газар &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;(29.2 %)&lt;br /&gt;
361,132,000&amp;nbsp;км²&amp;nbsp;- ус &amp;nbsp;(70.8 %)
| volume = [[Дэлхэйн эзлэхүүн|1.0832073{{e|12}}]]&amp;nbsp;км&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| mass = 5.9736{{e|24}}&amp;nbsp;кг&lt;ref name=&quot;earth_fact_sheet&quot;&gt;{{cite web | last = Williams | first = David R. | date = 2004-09-01 | url = http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/earthfact.html | title = Earth Fact Sheet | publisher = NASA | accessdate = 2007-03-17 | archivedate = 2013-05-08 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20130508021904/http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/earthfact.html }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| density = 5.5153&amp;nbsp;г/см&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| surface_grav = [[Дэлхийн татах хүч|9.780327]] м/с²&lt;ref name=&quot;yoder12&quot;&gt;Yoder, C. F. (1995) p. 12.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;0.99732&amp;nbsp;[[хүндийн хүчний хурдатгал|''g'']]
| escape_velocity = 11.186&amp;nbsp;км/с&amp;nbsp;
| sidereal_day = 0.99726968&amp;nbsp;өдөр&lt;ref name=Allen296&gt;{{cite book
 | title=Allen's Astrophysical Quantities
 | а.н.thor=Allen, Clabon Walter; Cox, Arthur N.
 | publisher=Springer | year=2000 | isbn=0387987460
 | url=http://books.google.com/books?id=w8PK2XFLLH8C&amp;pg=PA296
 | pages=296}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;23{{smallsup|ц}}&amp;nbsp;56{{smallsup|м}}&amp;nbsp;4.100{{smallsup|с}}
| rot_velocity = 1,674.4 км/саг (465.1 м/с)
| axial_tilt = 23.439281°
| albedo = 0.367&lt;ref name=&quot;earth_fact_sheet&quot;/&gt;
| atmosphere = yes
| temperatures = yes
| temp_name1 = [[Кельвин]]
| min_temp_1 = 184&amp;nbsp;K
| mean_temp_1 = 287&amp;nbsp;K
| max_temp_1 = 331&amp;nbsp;K
| temp_name2 = [[Цельс]]
| min_temp_2 = −89&amp;nbsp;°C
| mean_temp_2 = 14&amp;nbsp;°C
| max_temp_2 = 57.7&amp;nbsp;°C
| surface_pressure = 101.3&amp;nbsp;[[кПа]] ([[Далайн түвшин|Дундаж далайн түвшин]])
| atmosphere_composition = 78.08%&amp;nbsp;[[Азот]] (N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;)&lt;br /&gt; 20.95%&amp;nbsp;[[Хүшэлтүрэгшэ]] (O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;)&lt;br /&gt; 0.93%&amp;nbsp;[[Аргон]]&lt;br /&gt; 0.038%&amp;nbsp;[[Нүүрһэнхүшэлэй хии]]&lt;br /&gt; 1% оршомой [[уһанай уурал]] ([[уурал амисхал]]һаа хамаарша өөр байна)&lt;ref name=&quot;earth_fact_sheet&quot;/&gt;
|note=no
}}
{{Хадмал
|style = {{floatleft}}
|монгол_бэшэг = [[Файл:Delehei.PNG|21px]]
|кирилл_буряад = Дэлхэй
|кирилл_монгол = Дэлхий
|кирилл_хальмаг = [[:xal:Делкә|Делкә]]
}}
'''Дэлхэй''' (тэмдэг: [[File:Earth symbol (fixed width).svg|16px|🜨]]) — [[Наранай аймаг|наранай аймагай]] гурбадахи [[гараг]], сори ганса [[амидарал]]тай [[юртэмсэ]] юм. Дэлхэйнь 4,57 [[тэрбум]] [[жэл]]эй урда тээ бии болоһон&lt;ref name=&quot;age_earth&quot;&gt;{{cite book  | first=G.B. | last=Dalrymple | year=1991 | title=The Age of the Earth | publisher=Stanford University Press | location=California | id=ISBN 0-8047-1569-6 }}&lt;/ref&gt;, нэгэ дахуултай ([[Һара]]), 365,26 [[үдэр]] соо [[Наран]]иие бүтэн тойродог).&lt;ref&gt;Энэ үеые [[сидеральна жэл]] гэжэ нэрлэдэг. Наранай үдэрэй тоо [[сидеральна үдэр]]эй тооһоо нэгээр бага, юундэб гэхэдэ Дэлхэйн Наранай тойрохо хүдэлөөн гарагай тэнхэлигэй тойрогто нэгэ нэмэлтэ эрьелтэ үүсхэнэ.&lt;/ref&gt;. Дэлхэйн эрьелтын тэнхэлиг 23,5° хазайһан байдаг, дэлхэй дээрэхи [[Жэлэй дүрбэн уларил|уларилай]] хубилалтын шалтагаан болоно&lt;ref&gt;Ahrens, ''Global Earth Physics: A Handbook of Physical Constants'', p. 8.&lt;/ref&gt;. Дэлхэй болбол шулуун гараг мүн. Дэлхэй ойролсоогоор бүмбэрсэг шэнги дүрсэтэй. Дэлхэйн Наранһаа дунда зэргын зайнь 149,6 сая км болоод энэнь 1 [[одон орон шудалалгын нэгэжэ]]тэй адли болоно.&lt;ref name=SNL&gt;{{Cite web|author=Ringnes, Truls; Aksnes, Kaare; Ramberg, Ivar; Bryhni, Inge|date=2024 |url=https://snl.no/Jorden |title=Jorden |publisher=Store norske leksikon |accessdate=2024-07-04}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Дэлхэй хадаа [[агаар мандал]]тай, гадаргуунь 71 % [[далай]] ([[уһан]]), үлэһэн 29 % — хуурай газар ([[түби]]нүүд, [[арал]]нууд). Дэлхэйн гадаргуунь [[Тектоник плита|тектоник плитануудта]] хубаагдаха ба тэдэгээрэнь таһаралтагүй нүүжэ (хүбжэ) байдаг. Эрьелдэдэг, багахан хабшагар Дэлхэйн бүмбэрсэг бүһэлүүрлиг тогтосотой болоод [[Дэлхэйн сүм|сүм]], [[манти]], [[Дэлхэйн холтоһон|холтоһонһоо]] тогтоно.

== Дэлхэйн бойжолго ==
4.57 тэрбум жэлэй үмэнэ&lt;ref name=&quot;age_earth&quot; /&gt; Дэлхэй болон [[Наранай аймаг|Hаранай аймагай]] бусад [[гараг]]ууд, хиин манарһаа (''Solar Nebula'') үүдэһэн гэжэ [[Шэнжэлхэ ухаанай таамаглал|таамаглажа]] байгаа болоод Дэлхэйнь эхилээд халуун хайламаг байгаад аажамаар хүрэжэ, хатуу холтоһотой болоһон байна. Дэлхэйн дахуул [[Һара]]нь, Дэлхэйе [[Мягмар (гараг)|Мягмар]] гарагтай ойролсоо хэмжээтэй бэетэ («Тейя» гэжэ нэрэлдэг) мүргэхэ үедэ үүдэһэн гэжэ таамагладаг&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | last = R. Canup and E. Asphа.н.g | title = Origin of the Moon in a giant impact near the end of the Earth's formation  | journal = Nature | volume = 412 | pages = 708-712 | date = 2001 | url = http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v412/n6848/abs/412708a0.html }}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Аажамаар Дэлхэйн [[температура]] 100 °C (212 °F) оршом болоход эртын [[агаар мандал]] дахи [[уһан]]ай уурал конденсат болоһон, [[далай]] үүдэжэ эхилһэн байна. Агаар мандалда [[хүшэлтүрэгшэ]], уламаар агаар мандалай дээд дабхаргад [[озон]] (O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;) үүдэһэнээр, [[наран|наранһаа]] ерэхэ [[ультраягаан туяа]] багадхажа, анханай ниилэмэл эстэй амитад, улмаар жинхэнэ [[олон эстэй амитад]] үүдэжэ эхилбэ&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | last = Burton | first = Kathleen | date = [[November 29]], [[2000]] | url = http://www.nasa.gov/centers/ames/news/releases/2000/00_79AR.html | title = Astrobiologists Find Evidence of Early Life on Land | publisher = NASA | accessdate = 2007-03-05 | archivedate = 2011-10-11 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20111011032824/http://www.nasa.gov/centers/ames/news/releases/2000/00_79AR.html }}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Дэлхэйн гадаргуу байнга, таһаралтагүй хубилагдажа байһан гэжэ үзэдэг. Ондоогоор хэлэбэл, эхэ газарнууд нүүжэ, хоорондоо нэгэдэн [[түби|супертүби]] үүсхэн, һүүлдэнь задаржа байһанһаа нилээд шухала [[супертүби]]нь 600—540 [[сая]] [[жэл]]эй үмэнэ бии боложо, 180 сая [[жэл]]эй үмэнэ задарһан ([[супертүби|Гондвана]], [[супертүби|Лаврази]] 2 супертүби үүсхэһэн) [[Пангея]] юм&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | а.н.thor=Murphy, J. B.; Nance, R. D. | title=How do supercontinents assemble? | journal=American Scientist | year=1965 | volume=92 | pages=324–33 | url=http://scienceweek.com/2004/sa040730-5.htm | accessdate=2007-03-05 }} {{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://scienceweek.com/2004/sa040730-5.htm |accessdate=2014-01-21 |archivedate=2007-07-13 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070713194319/http://scienceweek.com/2004/sa040730-5.htm }}&lt;/ref&gt;. Дэлхэй дээрэ хэд хэдэн томохон [[мүльһэтэлгэ|мүльһэтэлгүүд]] ябагдаһан гэжэ таамагладаг ба эхинэйхэнь 750—580 сая жэлэй үмэнэ ([[Неопротерозой]]), һүүлынхэнь 10,000 жэлэй үмэнэ дууһаһан байна&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | а.н.thor=Staff | url = http://www.lakepowell.net/sciencecenter/paleoclimate.htm | title = Paleoclimatology - The Study of Ancient Climates | publisher = Page Paleontology Science Center | accessdate = 2007-03-02 }}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Дэлхэйн хүгжөөлэй түүхэдэ [[махабад|амиды махабадай]] томохон задаралганууд тохёолдожо байһанһаа һүүлынхинь 65 [[сая]] жэлэй үмэнэ болоһон [[үлэг гүрбэл|үлэг гүрбэлнүүдэй]] мүхэл юм (шалтагааниинь дэлхэй дээрэ [[солир]] унаһантай холбон таамагладаг). Уг задаралгын дараагаар жажаг амитад, жэшээлбэл, [[һүн тэжээлтэн]] амитад эршэмтэй тархажа эхилһэн ба хэдэн сая жэлэй үмэнэ [[Африка|Африкын]] [[мэшэн|мэшэтэй]] түһөөтэй амитадые хоёр хүлэ дээрээ ябадаг болоһон гэжэ [[Шэнжэлхэ ухаанай таамаглал|таамагладаг]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | last = Gould | first = Stephan J. | title=The Evolution of Life on Earth | journal=Scientific American | date=October , 1994 | url=http://brembs.net/gould.html | accessdate=2007-03-05 }}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Дэлхэйн бүтэсэ ==
[[Наранай аймaг|Наранай аймагай]] 4 гараг (Наранда ойрхон 4 гараг) хатуу, шулуурхаг гадаргуутай («Хүрьһэтэ гараг») болоод тэдгээрһээ Дэлхэйнь хамагай томо, ехэ [[нягта]]тай, хүсэтэй [[суранзан орон]]той, газарай [[татадаг хүсэн]] хамагай ехэтэй [[гараг]] юм. Дэлхэйнь юрэнхыдөө үндэгэлиг бүмбэлэг хэлбэритэй болобош, үнэндээ гадаргуунь тэгшэ бэшэ ушар Дэлхэйн хэлбэриие [[Геоид]] гэжэ нэрэлнэ.

=== Химиин найралга ===
Дэлхэйн [[масса]] ойролсоогоор 5,98 ×10&lt;sup&gt;24&lt;/sup&gt; [[кг]]. Гол бүрдүүлэгшэ [[химиин элемент|элементүүд]] [[түмэр]] (32.1 %), [[хүшэлтүрэгшэ]] (30.1 %), [[сахюур]] (15.1 %), [[магни]] (13.9 %), [[хүхэр]] (2.9 %), [[никель]] (1.8 %), [[кальци]] (1.5 %), [[хүнгэнсагаан]] (1.4 %) ба үлэхэ 1,2 % бусад [[химиин элемент]]ууд юм&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | а.н.thor=Morgan, J. W.; Anders, E. | title=Chemical composition of Earth, Venus, and Mercury | journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Science | year=1980 | volume=71 | issue=12 | pages=6973–6977 | url=http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=350422 | accessdate=2007-02-04 }} {{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=350422 |accessdate=2014-01-22 |archivedate=2013-07-18 |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130718075202/http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=350422 }}&lt;/ref&gt;.

[[АНУ|АНУ-ай]] [[геохими]]к [[Франк Уиглсуорт Кларк|Франк Кларкын]] тоосоогоор, Дэлхэйн холтоһоной 47 % [[хүшэлтүрэгшэ]] болоод ниитэ шулуулагай 99,22 % [[сахюур]], [[хүнгэнсагаан]], [[түмэр]], [[кальци]] зэргэ ниитэ 11 эһэлһээ тогтодог байна.

{| {{prettytable}}
|+ Ф.Кларкын хүсэнэгтэ &lt;br /&gt;(Дэлхэйн холтоһоной үндэһэн эһэлнүүд)
!Найралга
!Химиин томьёо
!Тархалта
|-
|[[Сахюурай эһэл]]
|style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|SiO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;
|style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;|59.71 %
|-
|[[Хүнгэнсагаан эһэл]]
|style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Al&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;
|style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;|15.41 %
|-
|[[Кальциин эһэл]]
|style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|CaO
|style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;|4.90 %
|-
|[[Магниин эһэл]]
|style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|MgO
|style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;|4.36 %
|-
|[[Натриин эһэл]]
|style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Na&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O
|style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;|3.55 %
|-
|[[Түмэрэй (II) эһэл]]
|style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|FeO
|style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;|3.52 %
|-
|[[Калиин эһэл]]
|style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|K&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O
|style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;|2.80 %
|-
|[[Түмэрэй (III) эһэл]]
|style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|Fe&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;
|style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;|2.63 %
|-
|[[Уһан]]
|style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O
|style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;|1.52 %
|-
|[[Титанай дабхар эһэл]]
|style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|TiO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;
|style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;|0.60 %
|-
|[[Фосфорой тавч эһэл]]
|style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|P&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;5&lt;/sub&gt;
|style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;|0.22 %
|-
!colspan=&quot;2&quot;|Ниитэ
!style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;|99.22 %
|}

=== Дэлхэйн дотоодо бүтэсэ ===
[[Файл:Earth-crust-cutaway-bxr.png|thumbnail|upright=1.25|right|Дэлхэйн бүтэсэ (хэмжээ харгалзаагүй, cхем).]]
Дэлхэйнь гүн тээшээ дабхар бүтэсэтэй болоод химиин найралгынгаа хубида:
* Эгээн гадна таладаа, cиликатлиг найралгатай, хатуу [[Дэлхэйн холтоһон|холтоһон]],
* Тэрэнэй дотор талада шэнгэн [[манти]],
* [[Манти|Mантитай]] харисуулхада харисангы аглуун [[Дэлхэйн сүм|гадаада сүм]],
* Эгээн түбтөө хатуу [[Дэлхэйн сүм|дотоодо сүм]] гэжэ хубаагдана.

Харин [[геологи]]ин хубида [[литосферэ]], [[астеносферэ]], [[манти|дээдэ манти]], [[манти|доодо манти]], [[Дэлхэйн сүм|гадаада]] болон [[Дэлхэйн сүм|дотоодо сүм]] гэһэн үе дабхаргуудтай&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book
  | first=Toshiro
  | last=Tanimoto
  | editor=Thomas J. Ahrens
  | year=1995
  | title=Crustal Structure of the Earth
  | booktitle=Global Earth Physics: A Handbook of Physical Constants
  | publisher=American Geophysical Union
  | location=Washington, DC
  | id=ISBN 0-87590-851-9
  | url=http://www.agu.org/reference/gephys/15_tanimoto.pdf
  | accessdate=2007-02-03
  }} {{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.agu.org/reference/gephys/15_tanimoto.pdf |accessdate=2014-01-22 |archivedate=2006-10-16 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061016194153/http://www.agu.org/reference/gephys/15_tanimoto.pdf }}&lt;/ref&gt;
.

{| {{prettytable}} class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!colspan=2 style=&quot;width: 33%;&quot;|Гүн
!rowspan=2 valign=&quot;bottom&quot;|Үе дабхарга
!rowspan=2 style=&quot;width: 15%;&quot;|Нягта&lt;br /&gt;гр/см&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
|-
!Километр
!Мили
|-
|style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|0-60
|style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|0-37
|[[Литосферэ]] (Зузааниинь 5-200 км хүрэтэр өөршэлэгдэдэг)
|style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|—
|- style=&quot;background: #FEFEFE;&quot;
|style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|0-35
|style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|0-22
|… [[Дэлхэйн холтоһон|холтоһон]] (Зузааниинь 5-70 км хүрэтэр өөршэлэгдэдэг)
|style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 2.2-2.9
|- style=&quot;background: #FEFEFE;&quot;
|style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|35-60
|style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|22-37
|… Мантиин дээдэ хэһэг
|style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 3.4-4.4
|-
|style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|35-2890
|style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|22-1790
|[[Манти]]
|style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 3.4-5.6
|- style=&quot;background: #FEFEFE;&quot;
|style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|100-700
|style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|62-435
|… [[Астеносферэ]]
|style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|—
|-
|style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|2890-5100
|style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|1790-3160
|[[Дэлхэйн сүм|Гадаада сүм]]
|style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 9.9-12.2
|-
|style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|5100-6378
|style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|3160-3954
|[[Дэлхэйн сүм|Дотоодо сүм]]
|style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| 12.8-13.1
|}

==== Сүм ====
{{main|Сүм}}
Дэлхэйн дундажа [[нягта]] 5515 кг/м&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;, харин гадаргуугай дундажа [[нягта]] 3017 кг/м&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; тула [[Дэлхэйн сүм]]ые харисангы дэлюун нягтатай гэжэ үзэдэг ба энэнь [[геофизика|сейсмическа]] шудалгаагаар баталагдадаг байна. Сейсмическа (шэшэргэлэлэй) S долгиной хурданай һааралтаар гадаада сүмые шэнгэн зуурмаг гээд баталаа. Ушарынь S долгиниинь шэнгэн бэеэ нэбтэрдэггүй байна. Дэлхэйн бойжолгын эхинэй үедэ, ойролсоогоор 4.52 [[тэрбум]] [[жэл]]эй оршом, хүндэ химиин нэгэдэлнүүд дэлхэйн түб руу һуужа гү, али бөөгнэрэн, хүнгэниинь дэлхэйн холтоһон гү, али гадаргуу руу шэлжэнэ, илгаралта ябагдаһанай үрэ дүндэ сүмынь бойжоһон гэжэ үзэдэг. Сүмынь үндэһэндөө [[түмэр]] (80 %), [[никель]], мүн багахан хэмжээнэй бусад [[химиин элемент|химиин элементһээ]] тогтоно. Эдэ хүхэр, карбон, уһантүрэгшэ зэргын бусад элементүүдые багтаха магадгүй гэжэ үзэдэг.

==== Манти ====
[[Файл:Slice_earth.svg|thumbnail|right|Дэлхэйн дотоодо бүтэсэ. 1. Эхэ газарай холтоһон — 2. Далайн холтоһон — 3. Дээдэ манти — 4. Доодо манти — 5. Гадаада сүм — 6. Дотоодо сүм &lt;br /&gt;A: [[Мохиин зааг]] &lt;br /&gt; B: [[Гутенбергай зааг]] &lt;br /&gt;C: [[Лехманай зааг]]]]
{{main|Манти}}
Мантинь Дэлхэйн ниитэ [[эзэлхүүн]]эй 70%-ийг эзэлдэг, ниитэдээ 2,890 [[км]] зузаан. Даралта [[манти]] ба [[Дэлхэйн сүм|сүмэй]] заагта ~140 [[Паскаль|ГПа]] (1.4 Maтм), [[температура]] 500&amp;nbsp;°C-900&amp;nbsp;°C (932&amp;nbsp;°F-1,652&amp;nbsp;°F) хоорондо хэлбэлзэхэ ба [[манти]], [[Дэлхэйн сүм|гадаада сүмэй]] зааг дээрэ 4,000&amp;nbsp;°C (7,200&amp;nbsp;°F) байна.
Мантиие үндэһэн 2 хэһэгтэ хубаадаг. Дээдэ болон доодо манти. Энэ хоёр үень бүрдүүлэгшэ эрдэс минералаараа илгагдана.

==== Холтоһон ====
{{main|Дэлхэйн холтоһон}}
Геологиин үүдэнһээ, [[Дэлхэйн холтоһон]]иинь Дэлхэйн хамагай гадана талын хатуу бүрхөөл ([[литосфери]]ин дээдэ хэһэг) болоод [[магмын шулуулаг|базальтлаг]] болон [[магмын шулуулиг|боржинлиг]] шулуунһаа тогтоно. Дэлхэйн ниитэ эзэлхүүнэй &lt; 1 % эзэлнэ.

=== Тектоникын плита ===
{{main|Плитануудай тектоника}}
[[Плитануудай тектоника|Литосферэнь]] [[Плитануудай тектоника|тектоникын плитанууд]] гэжэ нэрэлэгдэхэ хэһэгүүдтэ хубаагдаһан (эбдэрһэн) байдаг болоод [[Плитануудай тектоника|астеносферэ]] дээгүүр нүүжэ (хүбэжэ) байдаг байна. Ниитэдээ 7 томо [[Плитануудай тектоника|плита]], олон тооной жэжэг [[Плитануудай тектоника|плитанууд]] байна.

=== Дэлхэйн гадаргуу ===
Дэлхэйн ниитэ гадаргуугай 70,8 % [[уһан|уһаар]] ([[Далай]]гаар) бүрхэгдэнэ&lt;ref name=&quot;Pidwirny2006&quot;&gt;{{cite web
  | last = Pidwirny
  | first = Michael
  | year = 2006
  | url = http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/7h.html
  | title = Fundamentals of Physical Geography
  | edition = 2nd Edition
  | publisher = PhysicalGeography.net
  | accessdate = 2007-03-19 }}&lt;/ref&gt;. [[Далай]]н ёроолын гадаргуунь тэгшэ бус болоод уула нюрганууд ([[Далайн голшо нюруу]]), [[галта уула]], хабсал, дэбисэг зэргэтэй байна&lt;ref name=&quot;ngdc2006&quot;&gt;{{cite web
 | author=Sandwell, D. T.; Smith, W. H. F.
 | date = 2006-07-07
 | url =http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/bathymetry/predicted/explore.HTML
 | title =Exploring the Ocean Basins with Satellite Altimeter Data
 | publisher = NOAA/NGDC | accessdate = 2007-04-21 }}&lt;/ref&gt;. Үлдэх 29,2 % нь [[түби|хуурай газар]] болоод [[сүл]], тэгшэ тала, үндэр уулас зэргэ [[геоморфологи]]ин олон элементүүдһээ бүрдэнэ. Хуурай газарай гадаргуугай 75 % [[шулуу|тунамал шулуулгаар]] хушагдана&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | last = Jessey | first = David | url = http://geology.csupomona.edu/drjessey/class/Gsc101/Weathering.html | title = Weathering and Sedimentary Rocks | publisher = Cal Poly Pomona | accessdate = 2007-03-20 | archivedate = 2007-07-03 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20070703170212/http://geology.csupomona.edu/drjessey/class/Gsc101/Weathering.html }}&lt;/ref&gt;. үлэхэ хэһэгтэнь [[шулуу|магмын]] болон [[шулуу|хубирмал шулуулаг]] тархана. Дэлхэйн газарай гадаргуу дээрэ хамагай үргэн тархалтатай [[эрдэс]]үүд бол [[Силикатын бүлэгэй эрдэс|кварц]], [[Силикатын бүлэгэй эрдэс|хээрын жоншо]], [[Силикатын бүлгийн эрдэс|амфибол]], [[Силикатын бүлэгэй эрдэс|гялтгануур]], [[Силикатын бүлэгэй эрдэс|пироксен]], [[Силикатын бүлэгэй эрдэс|оливин]], [[Карбонатын бүлэгэй эрдэс|кальцит]], [[Карбонатын бүлэгэй эрдэс|доломит]] зэргэ юм&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | а.н.thor = Staff | url = http://natural-history.uoregon.edu/Pages/web/mineral.htm | title = Minerals | publisher = Museum of Natural History, Oregon | accessdate = 2007-03-20 | archivedate = 2007-07-03 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20070703170251/http://natural-history.uoregon.edu/Pages/web/mineral.htm }}&lt;/ref&gt;. Дэлхэйн гадаргуунь тектоник хүдэлгөөн болон элэгдэл, [[үгэршэл|үгэршһээ]] хамааран тасаралтагүй өөршэлэгдэдэг байна.

Дэлхэйн [[түби|хуурай газарай]] хамагай нам дор сэгэнь [[далай]]н түбшэнһөө доошо 418 м-т оршохо [[Һүнэһэн тэнгис]], хамагай үргэгдэһэн сэгэнь 8,848 м үргэгдэһэн [[Эверест]] орьёл юм. Эхэ газар дундажаар далайн түбшэнһөө дээшэ 686 м үргэгдэһэн байдаг&lt;ref name=&quot;hr_mill&quot;&gt;{{cite journal | last=Mill | first=Hugh Robert | title=The Permanence of Ocean Basins | journal=The Geographical Journal | year=1893 | volume=1 | issue=3 | pages=230-234 | url=http://www.wku.edu/~smithch/wallace/S453.htm | accessdate=2007-02-25 }} {{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.wku.edu/~smithch/wallace/S453.htm |accessdate=2014-01-22 |archivedate=2007-02-25 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070225054604/http://www.wku.edu/~smithch/wallace/S453.htm }}&lt;/ref&gt;.

=== Уһан мандал ===
{{main|Уһан мандал}}
[[Файл:Atmosphere-Biosphere-Hydrosphere-Lithosphere.png|мини|Дэлхэйн уһан мандал]]
Дэлхэйн ниитэ гадаргуугай ехэнхинь [[уһан|уһаар]] бүрхэгдэһэн байдагаараа [[наранай аймаг|Наранай аймагайн]] бусад [[гараг|гарагуудһаа]] илгаатай болоод «Сэнхир Гараг» гэжэ нэрэлэгдэдэг. Дэлхэйн уһан мандал үндэһэндээ [[далай|Дэлхэйн далайнуудһаа]] бүрдэхэ болобош, үүндэ баһа [[Түби|эхэ газарай]] [[тэнгис]], [[нуур]], [[гол|гол мүрэн]], газарай гадаргууһаа 2000 [[метр|м]] хүрэтэр гүндэ оршохо гүнэй [[уһан]]ые оруулдаг байна. Дэлхэйн хамагай гүн [[уһан|уһатай]] газар бол [[Номгон далай]]да оршохо [[Марианай хотигор]] (10,911 м гүн)&lt;ref name=&quot;rain.org&quot;&gt;{{cite web | а.н.thor=Staff | url = http://www.rain.org/ocean/ocean-studies-challenger-deep-mariana-trench.html | title = &quot;Deep Ocean Studies&quot; | work = Ocean Studies | publisher = RAIN National Public Internet and Community Technology Center | accessdate = 2006-04-02
}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Далайн дундажа гүн 3,794 м байдаг.

[[Далай]]н ниитэ [[масса]] 1.35 х 10&lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt; [[тонно]] гү, али Дэлхэйн ниитэ массын 1/4400, [[эзэлхүүн]]иинь 1,386 × 109 км³. Дэлхэй дээрхи ниитэ уһанай 97,5 % [[дабһатай]] [[уһан]] болоод үлэхэ 2,5 % сэбэр уһан юм. Сэбэр уһанай 68,7 % [[уһан|мүльһэн]] хэлбэрээр оршоно&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | а.н.thor = Igor A. Shiklomanov ''et al'' | year = 1999 | url = http://espejo.unesco.org.uy/ | title = World Water Resources and their use Beginning of the 21st Century&quot; Prepared in the Framework of IHP UNESCO | publisher = State Hydrological Institute, St. Petersburg | accessdate = 2006-08-10 | archivedate = 2006-08-08 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20060808204116/http://espejo.unesco.org.uy/ }}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Далайн уһаниинь [[наран]]ай [[энерги]]ие ехэ хэмжээгээр шэнгээдэг ушар далайн уһанай [[температура|температурын]] тархалтаар дэлхэйн [[саг уурал]] тодорхойлогдоно&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | last = Scott | first = Michon | date = [[April 24]], [[2006]] | url = http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Study/HeatBucket/ | title = Earth's Big heat Bucket | publisher = NASA Earth Observatory | accessdate = 2007-03-14
}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Үүнэй тод жэшээ бол [[Эль Ниньо|ЭНСО]] (El Niño-Southern Oscillation) юм&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
 | first =Sharron
 | last =Sample
 | date =June 21, 2005
 | url =http://science.hq.nasa.gov/oceans/physical/SST.html
 | title =Sea Surface Temperature
 | publisher =NASA
 | accessdate =2007-04-21
 | archivedate =2007-04-29
 | archiveurl =https://web.archive.org/web/20070429030121/http://science.hq.nasa.gov/oceans/physical/SST.html
 }}&lt;/ref&gt;.

=== Агаар мандал ===
{{main|Агаар мандал}}
[[Файл:Atmosfeer.png|thumb|upright|Дэлхэйн агаар мандал]]
[[Файл:Atmosphere layers-bxr.svg|thumb|left|upright=0.5| alt=A.| ''[[Агаар мандал]]''.]]
Дэлхэйн агаар мандал гэжэ [[Дэлхэйн татаха хүсэн]]дэ захирагдан, Дэлхэйн гадна талаар хүрээлэн байгаа [[хиин түлэб|хиин]] дабхргые хэлэнэ. Агаар мандалай 78 % [[азот]], 20,95 % [[хүшэлтүрэгшэ]], 0,93 % [[аргон]], 0,038 % [[нүүрһэнтүрэгшын дабхар эһэл]], 1 % [[уһан|уһанай уурал]] болон маша бага хэмжээтэй бусад [[хиин түлэб|хиинүүд]] байна. Эдэгээр хиинүүдые ниүлүүлээд бидэ [[агаар]] гэжэ нэрэлдэг. Агаар мандалиинь [[Наран]]һаа ерэхэ [[ультраягаан туяа]]е шэнгээжэ, [[үдэр]], [[һүни]]ин [[температура|температурын]] илгаае тогтоборжуулан, Дэлхэй дээрэ [[амидарал]] байха нүхэсэлые бүрдүүлнэ&lt;ref name=&quot;atmosphere&quot;&gt;{{cite web | а.н.thor = Staff | date = October 8, 2003 | url = http://www.nasa.gov/а.н.dience/forstudents/9-12/features/912_liftoff_atm.html | title = Earth's Atmosphere | publisher = NASA | accessdate = 2007-03-21 }}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Гaзарай гадаргуу оршомын агаар мандалай дундажа [[температура]] 15&amp;nbsp;°C байдаг.

Дэлхэйн агаар мандал бол олон дабхартай:
* [[тропосфера]]
* [[стратосфера]]
* [[мезосфера]]
* [[ионосфера]]
* [[термосфера]]
* [[экзосфера]]

== Һара ==
{{main|Һара}}
[[Файл:Earth-Moon2.jpg|thumb|center|upright=4|Дэлхэйн, Һарын хороондо зай болон хэмжээн нюруутай масштабтай зураг]]

Һара — дэлхэйн ганса [[байгаалиин дахуул]] юм.

== Дэлхэйн эрьелтэ ба орбита ==

Дэлхэй тэнхлэгээрээ 23 саг, 56 минут, 4.091 секундта нэгэ бүтэн эрьедэг болоод&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | last = Fisher | first = Rick | date = January, 30, 1996 | url = http://www.cv.nrao.edu/~rfisher/Ephemerides/times.html | title = Astronomical Times | publisher = National Radio Astronomy Observatory | accessdate = 2007-03-21 | archivedate = 2011-08-18 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20110818022038/http://www.cv.nrao.edu/~rfisher/Ephemerides/times.html }}&lt;/ref&gt; Наранһаа дундажаар 150 сая км зайда, 30 км/сек (108,000 км/саг) хурдатайгаар 365.2564 үдэртэ Нараниие нэгэ бүтэн тойрожо эрьелдэдэг.

Дэлхэйн тэнхэлигэнь Наран-Дэлхэйе дайраһан хабтагайтай харисуулхада 23,5 градусаар хазайһан байха ба энэнь Дэлхэй дээрэхи үбэл зунай уларил һолигдохо шалтагаан болоно.

== Ниигэмэй газарзүй ==
{{main|Ниигэмэй газарзүй}}
Дэлхэйн [[хүн зон]]иинь [[2006]] [[он]]ой [[2 һара|2 һарын]] байдалаар 6,600,000,000 байгаа&lt;ref&gt;Currently it is closer to 6.6 billion than 6.5 billion. It will reach 6.6 billion in June 2007.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;LiveScience&quot;&gt;
{{cite news
  | first= Leonard
  | last= David
  | url= http://www.livescience.com/othernews/060224_world_population.html
  | title= Planet's Population Hit 6.5 Billion Saturday
  | work= Live Science
  | date= [[2006-02-24]]
  | accessdate= 2006-04-02
}}
&lt;/ref&gt; болоод [[2013]] ондо 7 тэрбум, [[2050]] ондо 9.2 тэрбум хүрнэ гэһэн тоосоо байдаг&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
  | а.н.thor=Staff
  | url = http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/wpp2006/wpp2006.htm
  | title = World Population Prospects: The 2006 Revision
  | publisher = United Nations
  | accessdate = 2007-03-07 }}&lt;/ref&gt;. Хүн зоной үсэлтэ ехэнхидээ хүгжэжэ бай гүрэнүүдтэ болоно. Дэлхэйн ниитэ гадаргуугай 1/8 хубинь хүнэй амидархада таарамжатай гэжэ тоосогдодог (2/3 хэһэгынь [[далай]], үлэһэн газарай тэн хахадынь [[сүл]] газар (14 %)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal
  | а.н.thor=Peel, M. C.; Finlayson, B. L.; McMahon, T. A.
  | title=Updated world map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification
  | journal=Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions
  | year=2007
  | volume=4
  | pages=439-473
  | url=http://overview.sref.org/1812-2116/hessd/2007-4-439
  | accessdate=2007-03-31 }}&lt;/ref&gt;, өндөр уулс (27 %) зэргэ)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
  | а.н.thor = Staff
  | url = http://www.biodiv.org/programmes/defа.н.lt.shtml
  | title = Themes &amp; Issues
  | publisher = Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity
  | accessdate = 2007-03-29
  }}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;.

2007 оной байдалаар тусгаар статустай 201 бэеэ даанхай [[улас|орон]], [[НҮБ]]-ын гишүүн 192 [[улас]] байна.

== Мүн үзэхэ ==
* [[Наранай аймаг]]

== Зүүлтэ ==
{{Зүүлтэ}}

== Гадаада холбооһон ==
* [http://www.wikimapia.org/ WikiSatellite view of Earth at WikiMapia]
* [http://geomag.usgs.gov USGS Geomagnetism Program]
* [http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/BlueMarble NASA Earth Observatory]
* [http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Earth Earth Profile] by [http://solarsystem.nasa.gov NASA’s Solar System Exploration]
* [http://www.co-intelligence.org/newsletter/comparisons.html The size of Earth compared with other planets/stars]
* [http://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/earthandsun/earthshape.html Climate changes cа.н.ses the earth’s shape to change — Nasa] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090122063915/http://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/earthandsun/earthshape.html |date=2009-01-22 }}
* [http://www.funonthenet.in/content/view/282/31/ Beа.н.tiful Views of Planet Earth] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071116132744/http://www.funonthenet.in/content/view/282/31/ |date=2007-11-16 }} Pictures of Earth from space
* [http://www.flashearth.com/ Flash Earth] A Flash-based viewer for satellite and aerial imagery of the Earth
* [http://www.projectshum.org/Planets/earth.html Projectshum.org’s Earth fact file] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130218015318/http://www.projectshum.org/Planets/earth.html |date=2013-02-18 }} (for younger folk)
* [http://www.geody.com/?world=terra Geody Earth] World’s search engine that supports Google Earth, NASA World Wind, Celestia, GPS, and other applications.
* [http://reference.aol.com/earth Planet Earth] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080724111431/http://reference.aol.com/earth/earth-from-space |date=2008-07-24 }} From AOL Research &amp; Learn: Photos, quizzes and info about Earth’s climate, creatures and science.
* [http://reference.aol.com/earth/earth-from-space Earth From Space] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080724111431/http://reference.aol.com/earth/earth-from-space |date=2008-07-24 }} Some Photos From the Exhibit

{{1000 үгүүлэл}}
{{Наранай аймаг}}

[[Категори:Шэнжэлхэ ухаан]]
[[Категори:Гарагууд]]
[[Категори:Одон орон шудалал]]
[[Категори:Наранай аймаг]]</text>
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      <text bytes="4128" sha1="px3klwc85pepyaxkubk0jo8ghigggdg" xml:space="preserve">{{Сүнхэрэг
 | name = Умарада мүльһэн далай
 | image = [[File:IBCAO betamap.jpg|250px]]
 | caption = Хойто мүльһэн далайн газарай зураг
 | salinity = 32—34 ‰ (хуудам далай)
 | area = 14,75 сая км²
 | volume = 18,07 сая км³
 | max-depth = 5527 м
 | depth = 1225 м
 | islands = [[Гренланд]], г.м.
}}
'''Арктик далай''' гү, али '''Умарада мүльһэн далай''' — [[Дэлхэйн|Дэлхэйн бүмбэрсэгэй]] хойто хахадта, [[Хойто туйл]]ын оршом байрлаха [[Дэлхэй]]н [[далай]]нууд дотор хамагай жажаг, хамагай гүехэндэ тоосогдохо, жэлэй бүхы уларилда [[мүльһэн]]өөр хушагдан оршодог далай юм&lt;ref Name=Pidwirny&gt;{{cite web | title=Introduction to the Oceans| work=www.physicalgeography.net| url=http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/8o.html | author=Michael Pidwirny|date=2006 | accessdate=2006-12-07 }}&lt;/ref&gt;. 

Арктик далайнь [[Еврази]] ба [[Хойто Америка]]ар хүрээлэгдэн оршохо ба [[уһан]]ай [[температура]], [[дабһан|дабһажалтын]] хэмжээнь уларилһаа хамаарна. Өөрөөр хэлэбэл [[мүльһэн]]эй хайлалта ба уһанай хүлдэлтэһээ хамаардаг байна&lt;ref&gt;[http://psc.apl.washington.edu/HLD/Lomo/OM2001AagaardWoodgate.pdf Some Thoughts on the Freezing and Melting of Sea Ice and Their Effects on the Ocean] K. Aagaard and R. A. Woodgate, Polar Science Center, Applied Physics Laboratory
University of Washington, January 2001. Retrieved [[7 December]] [[2006]]. &lt;/ref&gt;. Бусад далайнуудтай харисуулхад хамагай бага дабһажалтатай, мүн хамагай бага ууршалтатай далай юм. Далайн уһанай дабһажалтын хэмжээндэ эхэ газарһаа шудхаха ехэ хэмжээнэй сэнгэг уһан, [[Атлантын далай]] болон [[Номгон далай]]тай уһаа сүлөөтэй һолилсодоггүй зэргэ шалтагаан гол нүлөөтэй. [[Зун]]ай уларилда далайн мүльһэн бүрхүүлэй 50% хайладаг байна&lt;ref Name=Pidwirny/&gt;.

== Нэрэ ==
* [[Буряад хэлэн|Буряад]] [[Монгол хэлэн]]дэ хойто, урда зүгтэ оршохо газар ороной нэрые хойто, урда хэмээн нэрлэдэг хэдышье туйлын хойто, урда зүгтэ байгаае умарада, үмэнэдэ хэмээн нэрэлдэг. Тиимэһээ зарим тохёолдолдо гадаад хэлэнһээ оршуулхадаа '''Умарада мүльһэн далай''' хэмээн оршуулдаг болобош, уг ёһоор боло '''Хойто мүльһэн далай''' гэхэнь зүб юм.

* Хэдыгээр Олон Уласай Уһанзүйн байгуулалгаһаа  (International Hydrographic Organization, IHO) &quot;Далай&quot; гэжэ тодорхойлдог болобош зарим далай шудлаашад [[Атлантик далай]]н нэгэ [[тэнгис]] гү, али ''Арктик тэнгис'' гэжэ нэрэлхэнь бии&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation
 | first=Matthias
 | last=Tomczak
 | first2=J. Stuart
 | last2=Godfrey
 | title=Regional Oceanography: an Introduction
 | edition=2
 | year=2003
 | publisher=Daya Publishing House
 | place=Delhi
 | isbn=81-7035-306-8
 | url=http://www.es.flinders.edu.au/~mattom/regoc/
 }} {{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.es.flinders.edu.au/~mattom/regoc/ |accessdate=2014-02-05 |archivedate=2007-06-30 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070630202249/http://www.es.flinders.edu.au/~mattom/regoc/ }}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Зүүлтэ ==
{{зүүлтэ}}

{{1000 үгүүлэл}}
{{Дэлхэйн далайнууд}}</text>
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[[Файл:OilShaleEstonia.jpg|thumb]]
[[Файл:OilShaleFossilsEstonia.jpg|thumb]]
'''Шатадаг занар''' — органик бодосой ([[кероген]]) үндэр агуулга бүхы нарин шэрхэгтэй [[шулуу|тунамал шулуулиг]] юм. Шатадаг занарһаа [[газарай тоһон|түүхэй газарай тоһотой]] адли найрлага бүхы шэнгэн [[нүүрһэнуһантүрэгшэ]] гарган абажа болоно. Шатадаг занарынь геологиин нэрэ томьёогой хубида занарһаа өөр шулуулиг болоод, шатадаг занарһаа гарган абаһан тоһониинь газарай тоһонһоо бага зэргэ илгаатай байна&lt;ref name=wec74&gt;WEC (2004), p. 74&lt;/ref&gt;. Шатадаг занарынь харисангы үргэн тархалтатай [[ашагта малтамал]] богоод томохон ордонууд [[АНУ]], [[Бразил]]и, [[БНХАУ]], [[Эстони]]дэ байдаг. Дэлхэйн шатадаг занарай [[байгаалиин нөөсэ|нөөсэ]] (газарай тоһондо шэлжүүлһэн нөөсэ) 2.8–3.3 ехэ наяд (2.8–3.3&amp;nbsp;x&amp;nbsp;10&lt;sup&gt;12&lt;/sup&gt;) [[баррель]] байна&lt;ref name=wec101&gt;WEC (2007), p. 101-102&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=aeo2006&gt;{{cite paper 
| title = Annual Energy Outlook 2006 
| publisher = [[Energy Information Administration]] 
| date = February 2006 
| url = http://www.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/aeo/pdf/0383(2006).pdf 
| format = PDF 
| accessdate = 2007-06-22}}
&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=andrews&gt;{{cite paper 
| last = Andrews 
| first = Anthony 
| title = Oil Shale: History, Incentives, and Policy 
| publisher = Congressional Research Service 
| date = [[2006-04-13]] 
| url = http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/RL33359.pdf 
| format = PDF 
| accessdate = 2007-06-25 
}} {{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/RL33359.pdf |accessdate=2025-12-22 |archivedate=2019-12-12 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191212111028/https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/RL33359.pdf }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=unconventional&gt;
{{cite paper 
| title = NPR's National Strategic Unconventional Resource Model 
| publisher = [[United States Department of Energy]] 
| date = April 2006
| url = http://www.fossil.energy.gov/programs/reserves/npr/NSURM_Documentation.pdf 
| format = PDF 
| accessdate = 2007-07-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Шатадаг занарые нэрэжэ (химиин аргаар болбосоруулан) синтетик газарай тоһон, хии гарган абажа болоно. Энэ шэнгэн бүтээгдэхүүниие &quot;шатадаг занарай тоһон&quot;, &quot;хии&quot; гэжэ нэрэлнэ. Мүн шатадаг занарые шууд [[түлишэ]] болгон хэрэглэжэ (шатаажа) болохоһоо гадна химиин болон барилгын материалай [[түүхэй эд]] болгон хэрэглэжэ болоно&lt;ref name=dyni&gt;
{{Cite paper 
| last =Dyni | first =John R. 
| title =Geology and resources of some world oil-shale deposits. Scientific Investigations Report 2005–5294 
| publisher = U.S. Department of the Interior. U.S. Geological Survey 
| year = 2006 
| url = http://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5294/pdf/sir5294_508.pdf 
| format=PDF 
| accessdate =2007-07-09}}
&lt;/ref&gt;.

Газарай тоһоной нөөсэ шабхагдажа, үнэ ехээр нэмэгдэжэ бай мүнөө үедэ шатадаг занарынь газарай тоһые оролхо эршэм хүсэнэй эхэ үүдэбэри гэжэ тоосогдожо байгаа болоно&lt;ref name=evi&gt;{{Cite paper 
| title = Energy Security of Estonia 
| publisher = Estonian Foreign Policy Institute 
| date = September 2006 
| url = http://www.evi.ee/lib/Security.pdf 
| format = PDF 
| accessdate = 2007-10-20 
}} {{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.evi.ee/lib/Security.pdf |accessdate=2014-05-25 |archivedate=2012-01-08 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120108161835/http://www.evi.ee/lib/Security.pdf }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=doe&gt;
{{Cite web 
| title = Oil Shale Activities
| publisher = [[United States Department of Energy]]
| url = http://www.fossil.energy.gov/programs/reserves/npr/NPR_Oil_Shale_Program.html
| accessdate =2007-10-20}}
&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Зүүлтэ ==
{{зүүлтэ}}

== Холбооһон ==
{{Commonscat|Oil shale}}
*[http://www.kirj.ee/oilshale/ Oil Shale. A Scientific-Technical Journal]. Estonian Academy Publishers. ISSN 0208-189X
*[http://energy.cr.usgs.gov/other/oil_shale/pubs_data.html Selected online oil shale publications by the U.S. Geological Survey] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060925211118/http://energy.cr.usgs.gov/other/oil_shale/pubs_data.html |date=2006-09-25 }}
*[http://www.mrw.interscience.wiley.com/emrw/9783527306732/ueic/article/a18_101/current/html Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry article on oil shale]{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} (requires registration). Retrieved on [[2007-08-04]] 
* {{cite book
 |name       = Andersson
 |first      = Astrid
 |name2      = Dahlman
 |first2     = Bertil
 |name3      = Gee
 |first3     = Sven
 |name4      = Snäll
 |title      = The Scandinavian Alum Shales
 |year       = 1985
 |pages      = 49
 |url        = http://www.sgu.se/cgi-bin/egwcgi/53514/screen.tcl/name=show_record&amp;format=brief&amp;host=georeg&amp;gattr1=@attr+2%3D102&amp;entry1=The+Scandinavian+Alum+Shales&amp;field1=all&amp;logic1=&amp;attr1=@attr+4%3D2&amp;page=1&amp;norec=1&amp;service=sgu&amp;lang=eng
 |isbn       = 9171583343
 |accessdate = 2007-10-20
}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928003624/http://www.sgu.se/cgi-bin/egwcgi/53514/screen.tcl/name%3Dshow_record%26format%3Dbrief%26host%3Dgeoreg%26gattr1%3D%40attr+2%3D102%26entry1%3DThe+Scandinavian+Alum+Shales%26field1%3Dall%26logic1%3D%26attr1%3D%40attr+4%3D2%26page%3D1%26norec%3D1%26service%3Dsgu%26lang%3Deng |date=2007-09-28 }}
*{{cite web
|url=http://www.kirj.ee/oilshale/Est-OS.htm
|title=Estonian oil shale
|author=Mihkel Koel
|date=1999
|accessdate=2007-10-20
|archivedate=2007-10-29
|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071029040633/http://www.kirj.ee/oilshale/Est-OS.htm
}}
*[http://www.mines.edu/outreach/cont_ed/oilshale/index.html 27th Oil Shale Symposium] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080512001727/http://www.mines.edu/outreach/cont_ed/oilshale/index.html |date=2008-05-12 }}
* {{cite web
| author = Daniel Fine
| Publisher = Heritage Foundation
| title = Oil Shale: Toward a Strategic Unconventional Fuels Supply Policy
| date = [[2007-03-08]]
| url = http://www.heritage.org/Research/EnergyandEnvironment/hl1015.cfm
| accessdate = 2007-10-20
| archivedate = 2007-10-20
| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071020200615/http://www.heritage.org/Research/EnergyandEnvironment/hl1015.cfm
}}
* {{cite web
| title = Statement Of Thomas Lonnie Assistant Director for Minerals, Realty &amp; Resource Protection, Bureau of Land Management, U.S. Department of the Interior before the Senate Energy and Natural Resources Committee. Oversight Hearing on Oil Shale Development Efforts
| date = [[2005-04-12]]
| url = http://www.doi.gov/ocl/2005/OilShaleDev.htm
| accessdate = 2007-10-20
| archivedate = 2007-10-25
| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071025141852/http://www.doi.gov/ocl/2005/OilShaleDev.htm
}}

[[Категори:Түлишэ]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Хара нүхэн</title>
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      <text bytes="18322" sha1="mmf7ycslhjvab9x3zvulwbpydie5oud" xml:space="preserve">[[Файл:Black Hole Milkyway.jpg|350px|thumb|right|[[Тэнгэриин зүйдэл]]эй дэбисхэр дээрэ хара нүхэн хэрхэн харагдахые үзүүлһэн дүрсэлэл. Дүрсэлжэ бай хара нүхэнэй массань 10 [[Наран]]ай массатай тэнсэхэ ба ажаглагшаһаа аласлагдаһан зай 600 км.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.spacetimetravel.org/expeditionsl/expeditionsl.html |last=Kraus |first=Ute |date=2005-03-20 |title=Step by Step into a Black Hole}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]
[[Файл:Black hole lensing web.gif|350px|thumb|right|Хара нүхэнэй таталсалай ороной нүлөөгөөр [[орон зай]] мурыжа байгаань аласай ажаглагшын хубида мэшэл шэл лугаа адли үзэгдэнэ]]
'''Хара нүхэн''' ({{mongolUnicode|ᠬᠠᠷᠠ ᠨᠦᠬᠡ|h}}) гэдэгынь [[гэрэл]] болон алибаа [[сахилгаан суранзан долгин]] нэбтэрэн гарахааргүй маша хүсэтэй [[таталсалай орон]] бии болгоһон огторгойн орон зай юм. Хара нүхэниие тойроод эрьен гараха боломжогүй [[үзэгдэлэй хаяа]] гэдэг математикада тодорхойлһон гадаргуу байдаг. Үзэгдэхэ гэрэлые өөртөө татан шэнгээдэг ушарһаа гадна ажаглагшын хубида хүреэлэн бай харанхы огторгойн дэбисхэрһээ илгаран харагдаха боломжогүй юм. Тиимэ ушарһаа хара нүхэн гэһэн нэрлэһэн болоно. Өөрөөр хэлэбэл, тухайн хаяанда хүрэһэн бүхы гэрэлые һорожо юушье ойлгуулдаггүй ба яг лэ термодинамикын түгэс хара бэе шэнги байдаг. Огторгойн квант ороной онолоор үзэгдэлэй хаяанһаа тодорхой хизгаартай [[температура]] бүхы хара бэе шэнги сасараг туяа илгардаг. Тухайн температурань хара нүхэнэй температуратай урбуу хамааралтай байдагынь одонуудай бөөгнэрэл бүхы хара нүхэниие энэ сасараг туяагаар ажаглахада түбэгтэй болгодог. Хара нүхэн өөрөө шууд харагдаха боломжогүйшье тэрэниие [[үзэгдэлэй хаяа]]найхи гадна талаарха бодос, бэенүүдтэй харилсан үйлэшэлжэ байдаг байдалаарынь ажаглан элирүүлжэ болоно. Жэшээлбэл, хара нүхэндэ татагдан орожо байдаг хии, тооһониие ажаглаха боломжотой. Хии, тооһониинь хара нүхэндэ татагдан ороходоо хуйларжа (турбулент хүдэлөөн), үндэр температура хүрэтэр халан, ехэ хэмжээнэй сасараг илгаруулна.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/science/know_l1/compact_binary.html |title=Gamma-rays from Black Holes and Neutron Stars |publisher=NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{citation |first1=Ronald A. |last1=Remillard |first2Jeffrey E. |last2=McClintock |title=X-ray Properties of Black-Hole Binaries |journal=Ann.Rev.Astron.Astrophys. |volume=44 |year=2006 |pages=49-92 |url=http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0606352}}.&lt;/ref&gt; Иимэ ажаглалтын үрэ дүндэ манай [[юртэмсэ]]дэ хара нүхэн бодотой оршон байна гэдэгые шэнжэлхэ ухаанай үндэһэтэй нотолһон бэлэй. &lt;ref name=&quot;CMS1999&quot;&gt;{{Citation |last1=Celotti |first1=A. |last2=Miller |first2=J.C. |last3=Sciama |first3=D.W. |title= Astrophysical evidence for the existence of black holes |year=1999  |journal=Class. Quant. Grav. |volume=16 |url=http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/9912186}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

Гэрэлые өөрһөөн холдуулхагүй барижа байха хүсэрхэг татаха хүсэн бүхы бэе байжа болохо тухай дүгнэлтые 1783 ондо анха Англиин одон орон һонирхогшо Джон Мичелл хэжэ байгаа. &lt;ref name=&quot;Michell1784&quot;&gt;{{citation |last=Michell |first=J. |year=1784 |journal=Phil. Trans. R. Soc. (London) |volume=74 |pages=35-57}}.&lt;/ref&gt; 1795 ондо Франциин физик Пьер Симон Лаплас тоосоонойнгоо үрэ дүндэ тулгуурилан мүн адли дүгнэлтэ хэжэ байба. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://library.thinkquest.org/25715/discovery/conceiving.htm#darkstars |title=Dark Stars (1783) |accessdate=2008-05-28 |quote= |publisher=[[Thinkquest]] }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Laplace; see Israel, Werner (1987), &quot;Dark stars: the evolution of an idea&quot;, in Hawking, Stephen W. &amp; Israel, Werner, 300 Years of Gravitation, Cambridge University Press, Sec. 7.4&lt;/ref&gt; 

Хара нүхэнэй тухай оршон сагай ойлголто [[харисангын юрэнхы онол]]до һуурилдаг. [[Физикэ|Физикын]] энэ тулгуури онолой дахуу ехэ хэмжээнэй масса маша бага орон зайда түблэрһэн нүхэсэлдэ орон зайн гажалта бии болгодог тула матери ба гэрэл, сасаргалта орон зайн тэрэ хэһэгһээ зугтажа гараха боломжогүй болодог. Харисангын юрэнхы онолой хүреэндэ хара нүхэниие түбдөө сэгэн [[сингуляр шанар]]тай, захадаа үйлэ ябадалай хизгаартай орон зай маягаар дүрсэлдэг бол [[квант механикэ|квант механикын]] үйлэшэлэлые тоосожо үзэбэл энэ дүрсэлэлдэ хубилалта оруулха шаардалгатай болоно.

Энэ һэдэбээрхи зарим шудалгаанһаа хара нүхэниинь татагдаһан бодосые эсэс түгэсхэлгүй өөртөө агуулһаар байдаг бэшэ харин [[Хокингой сасаргалта]] гэхэ үзэгдэлэй ябасада дулаанай энерги хэлбэреэр аажамаар сасаргадаг болоод наһанииньшье хизгаартай байдаг гэһэн дүгнэлтэ хэгдэдэг байна. &lt;ref name=&quot;Nature248 &quot;&gt;{{cite journal |journal=Nature |volume=248 |year=1974 |pages=pp. 30–31 |title=Black Hole Explosions |last=Hawking |first=Stephen |doi=10.1038/248030a0}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;McDonald&quot;&gt;{{citation |last=McDonald |first=Kirk T. |title=Hawking-Unruh Radiation and Radiation of a Uniformly Accelerated Charge |year=1998 |url=http://www.hep.princeton.edu/~mcdonald/accel/unruhrad.pdf |format=PDF }} {{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.hep.princeton.edu/~mcdonald/accel/unruhrad.pdf |accessdate=2015-04-11 |archivedate=2008-10-31 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081031010810/http://www.hep.princeton.edu/~mcdonald/accel/unruhrad.pdf }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Hawking|Penrose|1996|p=44}}.&lt;/ref&gt; Гэбэшье [[квант таталсал]]ай онолые оролсуулһан хара нүхэнэй бүрин зүб загбар одоогоор эсэслэн болбосорогдоогүй байна.

Хэдыгээр хара нүхэнэй доторхи харагдадаггүйшье хара нүхэнэй оршон байдагые бусад бодос болон гэрэл зэргэ сахилгаан суранзан сасаргатай харилсан үйлэшэлэлсэжэ байгаар тайлбарилжа болоно. Хара нүхэн рүү унаһан бодос огторгойн эгээн тодо бэенүүдые үүсхэдэг үрэлтээр халажа бөөгнэрһэн диск бии болгодог. Хэрэб хара нүхэниие тойроһон одонууд байбал, тэдэнэй тойрог замаар нүхэнэй масса болон байралалые тодорхойлходо ашаглажа болоно.

== Ном зохёол ==
* {{книга
|автор          = Ч. Мизнер, К. Торн, Дж. Уилер.
|заглавие       = Гравитация
|издательство   = Мир
|год            = 1977
|страниц        = 512
|том            = 3
|ref            = Ч. Мизнер, К. Торн, Дж. Уилер. Гравитация, Т. 3
}}

* {{книга
 |автор          = И. Д. Новиков, В. П. Фролов.
 |заглавие       = Физика черных дыр
 |место          = М.
 |издательство   = Наука
 |год            = 1986
 |страниц        = 328
 |ref            = И. Д. Новиков, В. П. Фролов. Физика черных дыр
}}

* {{книга
 |заглавие       = Чёрные дыры: Мембранный подход
 |оригинал       = Black Holes: The membrane paradigm
 |ссылка         = 
 |ответственный  = Под ред. [[Торн, Кип Стивен|К. Торна]], Р. Прайса и Д. Макдональда 
 |издание        = Пер. с англ
 |место          = М.
 |издательство   = Мир
 |год            = 1988
 |страниц        = 428
 |isbn           = 5030010513
 |ref            = Чёрные дыры: Мембранный подход
}}

* {{книга
|автор         = Robert M. Wald.  
|заглавие      = General Relativity 
|ссылка        = http://books.google.com/books?id=9S-hzg6-moYC  
|издательство  = University of Chicago Press  
|год           = 1984
|isbn          = 978-0-226-87033-5 
|ref = Wald
}}

* {{книга
|автор          = А. М. Черепащук.
|заглавие       = Чёрные дыры во Вселенной
|издательство   = Век 2
|год            = 2005
|страниц        = 64
|серия          = Наука сегодня
|isbn           = 5-85099-149-2
|тираж          = 2500
}}

* {{книга
|автор          = [[Торн, Кип Стивен|К. Торн]].
|заглавие       = Черные дыры и складки времени. Дерзкое наследие Эйнштейна
|издательство   = М.: Государственное издательство физико-математической литературы
|год            = 2009
|страниц        = 
|isbn           = 
|тираж          = 
|ref            = К. Торн. Черные дыры и складки времени
}}

* {{статья
| автор         = И. Д. Новиков, В. П. Фролов.
| заглавие      = Чёрные дыры во Вселенной
| ссылка        = http://data.ufn.ru//ufn01/ufn01_3/Russian/r013d.pdf
| издание       = Успехи физических наук
| год           = 2001
| том           = 131
| номер         = 3
| страницы      = 307—324
}}

* {{книга
| автор         = Уильям Дж. Кауфман.
| заглавие      = Космические рубежи теории относительности
| ссылка        = http://www.astronet.ru/db/msg/1174703/index.html
| место         = М.
| издательство  = Мир
| год           = 1981
| страниц       = 352
| ref           = Уильям Дж. Кауфман. Космические рубежи теории относительности
}}

* {{книга
| автор         = Ю. И. Коптев и С. А. Никитин.
| заглавие      = Космос: Сборник. Научно - популярная литература
| ссылка        = 
| место         = М.
| издательство  = Дет. лит
| год           = 1976
| страниц      = 223
}}

* {{книга
| автор         = [[Киржниц, Давид Абрамович|Д. А. Киржниц]], В. П. Фролов. 
| заглавие      = Прошлое и будущее Вселенной
| ссылка        = 
| место         = М.
| издательство  = Наука
| год           = 1986
| страниц       = 61
}}

* {{книга
| автор         = Л. Бриллюен.
| заглавие      = Наука и теория информации
| ссылка        = 
| место         = М.
| издательство  = ГИФМЛ
| год           = 1960
| страниц       = 
}}

* {{книга
| автор         = С. Х. Карпенков. 
| заглавие      = Концепции современного естествознания
| ссылка        = 
| место         = М.
| издательство  = Высш. школа
| год           = 2003
| страниц      = 
}}

* {{книга
|автор          = Leonard Susskind.
|заглавие       = The black hole war: my battle with Stephen Hawking to make the world safe for quantum mechanics
|издательство   = Back Bay Books
|год            = 2008
|allpages          = VIII + 472
|ref            = Susskind
}}

== Зүүлтэ ==
{{зүүлтэ}}

== Холбооһон ==
{{commonscat|Black hole}}
* [http://postnauka.ru/video/1924 Чёрные дыры] // Лекция Э. Ахмедова в проекте [[ПостНаука]] (08.06.2012) {{ref-ru}}
* [http://www.pametka.ru/story.php?title=CHERNYE-DYRY Чёрные дыры — что это. Описание. Фото.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140724103535/http://www.pametka.ru/story.php?title=CHERNYE-DYRY |date=2014-07-24 }} {{ref-ru}}
* [http://www.femto.com.ua/articles/part_2/4552.html Чёрные дыры] — статья в Физической энциклопедии {{ref-ru}}
* У. Дж. Кауфман. [http://www.astronet.ru/db/msg/1174703 Космические рубежи теории относительности (главы из книги)] {{ref-ru}}
* [http://www.scientific.ru/journal/translations/angel.html Scientific.ru — «Сколько ангелов может танцевать на булавочной головке?» — Термодинамика чёрных дыр] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114143218/http://www.scientific.ru/journal/translations/angel.html |date=2012-01-14 }} {{ref-ru}}
* [http://habrahabr.ru/blogs/popular_science/56427/ habrahabr.ru — Падаем в чёрную дыру] {{ref-ru}}
* Эмиль Ахмедов. [http://postnauka.ru/video/1924 «Черные дыры»], из цикла лекций в проекте «[[ПостНаука]]» (видео) {{ref-ru}}
* [http://elementy.ru/lib/25531/25536 Чёрные дыры и структура пространства-времени Хуан Малдасена (Juan Maldacena), Институт высших исследований, Школа естественных наук, Принстон, Нью-Джерси, США] {{ref-ru}}
* [http://lhc.1-day.ru/ Большой адронный коллайдер (БАК) и чёрные дыры] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120529191455/http://lhc.1-day.ru/ |date=2012-05-29 }} {{ref-ru}}
* [http://www.dark-universe.ru/news/2010-03-18-40 Программа для визуализации полетов вокруг чёрной дыры] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101016065226/http://dark-universe.ru/news/2010-03-18-40 |date=2010-10-16 }} {{ref-ru}}
* [http://www.inkafilm.ru/view/?film_id=661 Научно-познавательный фильм о возникновении «Чёрных дыр»] (видео) {{ref-ru}}
* [http://www.vesti.ru/videos?vid=302876&amp;cid=1000 Анатолий Черепащук. «Новые формы материи во Вселенной. Оптические исследования рентгеновских двойных звездных систем, ч. 2»], цикл лекций «[[ACADEMIA]]» (видео) {{ref-ru}}
* [http://univertv.ru/video/astronomiya/evropejskaya_yuzhnaya_observatoriya/issledovanie_chernoj_dyry_v_centre_mlechnogo_puti/?mark=popular Южно-европейская Обсерватория — Исследование чёрной дыры в центре Млечного Пути] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130118211123/http://univertv.ru/video/astronomiya/evropejskaya_yuzhnaya_observatoriya/issledovanie_chernoj_dyry_v_centre_mlechnogo_puti/?mark=popular |date=2013-01-18 }} (видео) {{ref-ru}}
* [http://zorba-budda.ru/zen/files/bbc-smblackholes/  Сверхмассивные чёрные дыры — док. фильм BBC Horizon, посвящённый сверхмассивным чёрным дырам, находящимся в центре галактик] {{недоступная ссылка|число=21|месяц=05|год=2013|url=http://zorba-budda.ru/zen/files/bbc-smblackholes/|id=20071008}} (видео) {{ref-ru}}
* [http://ria.ru/science/20110617/389470172.html Астрономы впервые увидели, как чёрная дыра разорвала звезду] ''РИА Новости'', 17 июня 2011 {{ref-ru}}
* [http://tvoykosmos.ru/post/53ee61fb14f24ef22c5b8672#/normal Чёрные дыры — корона чёрных дыр] {{ref-ru}}
* [http://ingeniose.ru/space/reliktovye-chernye-dyry.html Реликтовые черные дыры] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130822084719/http://ingeniose.ru/space/reliktovye-chernye-dyry.html |date=2013-08-22 }} {{ref-ru}}

[[Категори:Одон орон шудалал]]

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    <title>Хүдөө ажахы</title>
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      <text bytes="59476" sha1="e4rfeb1ss82oopbbko1xusi2bufrup0" xml:space="preserve">[[Файл:Saskatchewan Farm Elevator.jpg|thumb|300px|[[Саскачеван]]дахи фермэ]]
[[Файл:Sheep and cow in South Africa.jpg|thumb|300px|[[Урда Африка (улас)|Урда Африкын]] бэлшээридэ [[хонин]] ба [[үнеэн]] (эмэ хашараг).]]
'''Хүдөө ажахы''' ({{mongolUnicode|ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠭᠡ ᠠᠵᠤ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ|h}}) — гарай [[амитан]] болон таримал [[ургамал]]ые тодорхой зохёон байгуулалтатайгаар үсхэбэрилхэ үрэжүүлхэ замаар [[хүнэһэн]], [[тэжээл]], [[крахмал]] болон бусад бүтээгдэхүүнүүдые үйлэдбэрилхэ үйлэ ябаса, [[арадай ажахы]]н һалбари юм. Оршон сагай хэлэндэ хүдөө ажахы (ХА) гэдэг нэрэ томьёондо [[мал]] амитан үсхэн үрэжүүлхэһээ эхилээд тэдэһээ абажа болохо [[түүхэй эд]]ые болбосоруулха, мүн хүнэһэн, тэжээл, крахмал үйлэдбэрилхэ бүхыл үйлэ ажаллалгые хамаруулан ойлгодог. Хүдөө ажахы гэдэгынь мүн ХА-н практик үйлэ ажаллалгын шудалга болоод энэниие [[хүдөө ажахын шэнжэлхэ ухаан]] гэдэг.

Хүдөө ажахынь [[дэлхэй]] ниитын [[ниигэм]] эдэй засагай хубилалтын гол хүсэн зүйл байһаар ерэһэн ушар [[хүдөө ажахын түүхэ]] [[дэлхэйн түүхэ|хүн түрэлхитэнэй түүхын]] үндэһэн нэгэ, хахасашагүй бүрилдүүлэгшэ хэһэг бэлэй.

2006 оной байдалаар дэлхэйн ниитэ ажаллаха хүсэнэй 36 хубинь хүдөө ажахын һалбарида ажаллажа байгаань&lt;ref&gt;[[International Labour Organization]] [http://www.ilo.org/public/english/employment/strat/kilm/index.htm Key Indicators of the Labour Market 2007], [http://www.ilo.org/public/english/employment/strat/kilm/download/kilm04.pdf chapter 4] p. 6&lt;/ref&gt; (1996 ондо энэ үзүүлэлтэ 42 % байһан) Хүдөө ажахые хамагай түгээмэл ажалай байрын талбари болгожо байна. Гэһэн хэдышье фермын ажахын аша холбогдол ажа үйлэдбэрижэжэ эхилһэнһээ хойшо харисангыгаар нилээд унаһан ба 2006 ондо түүхэдэ анха удаа [[үйлэшэлгэ|үйлэшэлгын]] һалбари дэлхэй дээрэ эгээн ехэ ажалай байра бии болгожо хүдөө ажахын һалбариһаа дабажа гараад байна. Мүн хүдөө ажахын үйлэдбэрилэлынь [[дэлхэйн ниитэ бүтээгдэхүүн]]эй (бүхы [[ДНБ]]-үүдэй ниилбэри) 5 %-һаа бага байдаг.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/xx.html#Econ |title=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/xx.html#Econ |accessdate= |format= |work= |archivedate=2010-01-05 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100105171656/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/xx.html#Econ }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Үгын гаралга ==
Хүдөө ажахы баһал '''агрикультура''' гэдэг. ''Агри'' [[лата хэлэн]]эй «газар, талмай» гэһэн удхатай ''ager'', ''культура'' [[лата хэлэн]]эй ''cultura'' гү, али болбосоруулха (гэхыдээ хүрьһэн) гэһэн үгэнүүд юм. Удхашалан оршуулбал ''талмайн хүрьһэн болбосоруулалта'' гэжэ болно.

== Танилсуулга ==
[[Файл:Ford tractor, Sweden.jpg|мини|250px|справа|Трактороор таряалга. [[Швеци]].]]
[[Файл:Farming-on-Indonesia.jpg|мини|250px|справа|[[Сагаан будаа]]най һуулгасын нүхэниие бэлэдхэжэ байна. [[Индонези]].]]
Хүдөө ажахын нэгэ хэһэгынь хизгаарлагдамал нөөсэ бололсоо бүхы бишыхан хэмжээнэй газар ашаглан зүбхэн үрхынгөө хүнэһэнэй хэрэгсээе хангадаг [[үрхын хүдөө ажахы|үрхын фермер]] бол нүгөө хэһэг [[интенсив фермийн ажахы|эршэмжэһэн хүдөө ажахы]] гэхэ мэтын аралжаанай шэглэлийн [[ажаүйлдэбэри]]жэһэн хүдөө ажахы байдаг. Энэ түрэлэй ажахынь үргэн уудам газар, талмай ашаглажа гү, али олон тооной үндэр ашаг шэмтэ мал амитан үсхэн үрэжүүлжэ мүн үндэр нюруугай [[механика|механизацилга]] ашагладаг. Иимэ үйлэ ажаллалгануудынь юрэнхыдөө эсэсэй бүтээгдэхүүнһөө гү, али [[түүхэй эд]], дайбари бүтээгдэхүүнһөө эгээн ехэ оролго олохо зорилготой байдаг.

Оршон үеын хүдөө ажахынь хүнэй хүнэһэнэй хэрэгсээе хангаха, [[малай тэжээл]] бэлэдхэхэ уламжалалта хэб маягһаа халин гараһан. Тухайлбал бусад түрэлэй хүдөө ажахын бүтээгдэхүүн гэбэл [[сэсэг|бэлэг дурасхалай сэсэг]], гоёлой болон эмшэлгын ургамал, модон бэлэдхэхэ, [[үтэгжүүлгэ]], амитанай [[арһан]], [[үһэ нооһон]], ажаүйлэдбэриин химиин бодос ([[крахмал]], [[шэхэр]], [[этанол]], [[спирт]], [[пластик]] гэхэ мэтэ), [[акрил]] ([[хүбэн]], [[нооһон]], [[аргамжа]], [[флакс]]), [[түлишэ]] ([[биомасса|биомассын]] [[метан]], [[био-дизель]]), мүн хуули ёһоной болон хуулигүй бодос ([[эмэй ургамал]], [[тамхи]], [[улһан|марихуана]], [[хара тамхи|хара тамхи (опиум)]], [[кокаин]]) зэргэнүүдые нэрлэжэ болоно.

Хоридугаар зуунда хүдөө ажахын практикада маша ехэ хубилалта гараһан. Илангаяа [[хүдөө ажахын хими]]ин һалбари болон механизацилга. Хүдөө ажахын химинь химиин үтэгжүүлгэ, химиин [[инсектицид]], [[пестицид]], [[фунгицид]], хүрьһэнэй нүхэн һэргээлтэ, хүдөө ажахын бүтээгдэхүүнэй шудалга, үндэр ашаг шэмтэ малай тэжээлэй хэрэгсээ гэхэ мэтын асуудалнуудые шиидэдэг.

1970-аад он болон тэрэнһээ үмэнэ химиин үтэгжүүлгэ болон пестицид хүрьһэнэй гадаргууһаа урдаха болоһониинь нэмэгдэжэ, уламаар үлэ хинажа шадаха асуудал болоһон. Барагсаагаар 1980 оной үедэ баруунай олон орон [[байгаали]] оршониие хамгаалха хүдэлгөөнүүдэй шахалтаар хүдөө ажахын гаралтай бохирдолдо эсэргүү хиналта табижа, хэрэгжүүлжэ эхилһэн ба энэ [[ногоон хубисхал]]ынь байгаали оршониие бохирдуулахгүйгээр хүдөө ажахын химиин бодосой хэрэглээний олон үр ашагтай давуу талуудыг дэлхэйн олон фермүүдэд тарааж эхилһэн. 1950-аас 1984 онуудай хоорондо ногоон хубисхалынь дэлхэй даяар хүдөө ажахые хубилалһан ба дэлхэйн хэмжээндэ [[улаан буудай]]н үйлэдбэрилэл 250%-яар ехэдхэһэн байна.&lt;ref&gt;[http://casaubonsbook.blogspot.com/2007/01/how-much-did-green-revolution-matter-or.html Can We Feed the World Without Industrial Agriculture?]&lt;/ref&gt; Дэлхэйн ехэнхи бүһэ нютагта механизацилга илангаяа [[трактор]], [[пресс]], [[комбайн]]ай хэрэглээнь хүдөө ажахын үрэ ашаг, үйлэдбэрилэлые огсом нэмэгдүүлһэн ([[хүдөө ажахын машина|хүдөө ажахын машиные]] харагты).

Хүдөө ажахыда гараһан һүүлшын үеын хубилалта, ололто гэбэл [[гидропоник]], ургамал сортировалха, гибридизацилга, [[генетик хубилалта|ген шудалал]], хүрьһэнэй тэжээлэй менеджмент гэхэ мэтэ дурдажа болоно. [[Генэй инженери]]лга алибаа ургамалые байгаали дээрэ байгааһаа үлүү үрэ ашагтай болгохо тухайлбал үндэр ургасатай, үбшэндэ тэнхээтэй гэхэ мэтэ боломжотой болоһон.
  
Инженернүүд [[уһажуулга]], [[газар хатаалта]], [[байгаали хамгаалха ёһон зүй|байгаали хамгаалал]], эрүүл ахын түлэблигөө болбосоруулха боломжотой болоһон. Энэнь илангаяа байнгын уһалгаа шаардаһан хуурай, шииг багатай газар нютагта байдаг томо хэмжээнэй фермын хубида маша шухала асуудал.

Мүн шэнжэлхэ ухаанай ололто амжалтанууд хүдөө ажахын бүтээгдэхүүниие болбосоруулха, һаблаха, заха зээлдэ түгээхэ асуудалнуудта нүлөөлхэ болоһон. Түргэн хүлдөөхэ болон хатааха арганууд хүдөө ажахын бүтээгдэхүүнэй заха зээлиин хэрэгсээе нэмэгдүүлжэ байна.

[[Адуу]], [[луус]], [[үхэр]], [[тэмээн]], [[лама гүрөөһэн]], [[нохой]] зэргэ амитадые таряалангай талмайе болбосоруулха, ургаса хураан абаха, хүдөө ажахын бүтээгдэхүүн тээбэрлэхэ зэргэдэ түгээмэл ашагладаг. [[Мал ажахы]]нь мал һүрэгые үсхэн үрэжүүлжэ тогтомол хугасаанда [[мяхан]], [[һүн]], [[үндэгэ]], нооһон гэхэ мэтэ бүтээгдэхүүниие гаргажа абаха зорилготой. Механизацилгань фермын ажахын үрэ ашаг, үйлэдбэрилэлые ехэхэн хэмжээгээр дээшэлүүлдэг. ([[хүдөө ажахын тоног түхеэрэмжэ|хүдөө ажахын тоног түхеэрэмжые]] харагты)

Онгосо, ниидэдэг тэрэг, ашаанай машина, трактор зэргэ техникэнүүдые баруунай хүдөө ажахын үйлэдбэрилэлдэ үрэ һуулгаса һуулгаха, хорото хорхой шумуул, үбшэндэ эсэргүү бодос сасаха, үтэгжүүлгэ сасаха, амархан муудаха бүтээгдэхүүн тээбэрилхэ зорилгоор үргэн хэрэглэдэг. Фермернүүдэй хуби холбоо харилсаань саг агаарай мэдээсэл, [[эдэй засаг]] заха зээлиин тойм мэдээсэл абаха зэргээр аша холбогдол үндэр болоһон. Фермын менеджментые онобшотой байлгаха үүдэнһээ [[компьютер]] хэрэглэжэ байна.

[[АНУ]]-ай [[Үндэһэнэй Инженериин Академи]] хүдөө ажахын механизацилгые 20-р зуунай инженериин шэлдэг 20 ололто амжалтын нэгэ гэжэ үзэбэ. Энэ зуунай эхин үедэ нэгэ америкынхи фермер 2.5 хүнэй хүнэһэниие үйлэдбэрилжэ байһан бол мүнөөдэр хүдөө ажахын технологиин хүгжэл дэбшэлэй ашаар нэгэ фермер 130 хүнэй хүнэһэниие бэлэдхэдэг боложо.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.greatachievements.org/greatachievements/ga_7_2.html |title=http://www.greatachievements.org/greatachievements/ga_7_2.html |accessdate= |format= |work= |archivedate=2004-11-23 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20041123000807/http://www.greatachievements.org/greatachievements/ga_7_2.html }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Һүүлшын жэлнүүдтэ эршэмжэһэн хүдөө ажахын зарим асуудал ехээр анхаарал татажа хэлэлсэгдэхэ болобо. Асуудалай голынь томохон хүдөө ажахын химиин бодос үйлэдбэрилэгшэд, мяхан хилгэгшэд, хүнэһэн болбосоруулха үйлэдбэринүүдэй нүлөөлэл ехэдхэжэ бай ябадал. Өөр нэгэн асуудал бол эршэмжэһэн хүдөө ажахын байгаали оршондо үзүүлжэ бай һөөргэ (отрицательна) нүлөөлэлэй талаар юм. Жэшээлбэл, [[АНУ]]-ай [[Миссисипи мүрэн]]дэ [[химиин үтэгжүүлгэ]] олон жэлэй турша урдан орожо бай болоод энэнь [[Мексикын булан]]гай дээрэхи мүрэн шудхадаг (дренажна) хэһэгтэ Үхэлэй Бүһэ бии болохо шалтагааниинь боложо. Эршэмжэһэн хүдөө ажахынь мүн газарай үржэл шэмые аажамаар багадхажа ябаандаа [[сүл]]жэлгэ үүсхэхэ нүхэсэлые бүридүүлжэ байна.

[[Файл:Barley_field-2007-02-22(large).jpg|thumb|[[Арбай]]н тайлбай]]

Генетикын инженериин ашаглан шэнэ түрэлэй үрые гаргажа абаһан байгуулганууд [[патент]]аар өөһэдынгөө бүтээлые хамгаалһанаар компьютерэй [[программын хангамжа|программын хангамжые]] хүлһэлдэг шэнги өөһэдын үрые фермернүүдтэ хүлһэлхэ замаар хэрэглэхэ эрхыень олгожо байна. Энэнь үрэ ниилүүлдэг компанинуудай хубида хүсэнэй тэнсэбэриие алдагдуулжа, урид үмэнэ дуулдаагүй һонин нүхэсэл шаардалгануудые табижа эхилхэ болобо. [[Энэдхэг]]эй эрдэмтэн, эдэбхитэн [[Вандана Шива]] эдэ компанинуудые [[Био-хулгай]]да буруудхажа байгаа һэн.

Хүрьһэн хамгаалал болон [[шэм шудалалай менеджмент]] 1950-яад онһоо эхилэн шухала һэдэб боложо ерэһэн. Гэһэн хэдышье олон орондо уһанай һубаг, намаг зэргэнь [[азот]], [[фосфор]] мэтын шэм тэжээллгэ бодоһоор бохирдохо боложо.

Хүдөө ажахын асуудалнуудта хандаха хэрэглэгшэдэй анхаарал үдэн нэмэгдэһэнээр органик хүнэһэн гэхэ мэтын уряатай хүдэлөөнүүд түрэн гараха болобо.

== Түүхэ ==
[[Файл:ClaySumerianSickle.jpg|thumb|right|Шабар шатаажа хэһэн [[Шумер]]эй [[гар хадуур]], {{МЭҮ}} 3000 он]]

=== Эртэ үеын гаралга ===
Газар зүйн хубида аласлагдамал хүн арад бэе бэеһээ хамааралгүйгөөр хүдөө ажахые хүгжүүлжэ эхилһэн. Эхинэй зохёон байгуулгатай хүдөө ажахы эрхэлжэ байһан мүр баруун урда Азида гү, али [[Месопатами]]ин [[үрэжэлтэй хэлтэгы һара]]да &lt;small&gt;({{lang-ru|Плодородный полумесяц}})&lt;/small&gt; олдодог. {{МЭҮ}} 9500 жэлэй урда фермернүүд тодорхой шэнжэ шанар бүхы хүнэһэнэй ногоониие һунгажа абан тарижа эхилэнхэй. Гэхыдээ энэһээ эртэ зэрлиг арбайе хэрэглэжэ байһан мүр байдагшье анханай найман үндэһэн хүдөө ажахын ургамалые хүн зон тарижа эхилхэһээ тиимэ үмэнэ бэшэ юм. Анханайхинь [[Эмер буудай|Эмер]] болон [[Ганса эбэртэ буудай]], дараагаарынь [[арбай]], [[горох]], [[сэбэг зарма]], [[эһэһэн буурсаг]], [[нут]], [[флакс]] зэргэ ургамалнуудые тарижа эхилһэн байна.

{{МЭҮ}} 7000 он гэхэдэ [[Египет]]дэ багтаса хүреэ багатай хүдөө ажахы эрхэлжэ эхилһэн байна. {{МЭҮ}} 9000 оной урда Энэдхэгэй бага түби дээрэ [[арбай]], [[улаан буудай]] таряалжа байһан археологиин олдобори [[Балучистан]]ай [[Мергарх]]дахи археологиин малталтаһаа олдонхой. {{МЭҮ}} 6000 он гэхэдэ дунда оборой фермын ажахынь [[Нил мүрэн]]эй һаба газар үргэн тараһан байна. Ойролсоогоор энэ үедэ хүдөө ажахынь [[Алас Дурна]]да баһа харилсан хамааралгүйгөөр хүгжэжэ байһан ба тэндэ улаан буудайһаа үлүү [[сагаан будаа]]е голлон таряалжа байба. [[Хитад]], [[Индонези]]ин фермернүүд [[горох]], [[шара буурсаг]], [[азуки]], [[таро]] зэргэ ургамалые тарималжуулжа байба. Эдэ [[нүүрһэнуһан]]ай шэнэ эхэ гаралгын энэ бүһэ нютагдахи тэнгэсэй эрье, нуур сөөрэм, гол мүрэнэй дагууха [[загаһа барилга]]тай хамтадхаһанаар шаарадлгатай амин дэм, [[уураг]]ые ехэ хэмжээгээр абаха болоһон. Бүхэлдээ энэ шэнэ түрэлэй хүдөө ажахы болон загаһа барилгань хүн зоной үсэлтые огсом нэмэгдүүлхэ хүсэн зүйл болоһон ба мүнөөдэршье үргэлжэлһээр байна.

[[Файл:Maler der Grabkammer des Sennudem 001.jpg|мини|слева|300px|[[Эртын Египет]]. {{МЭҮ}} 1200 он]]
{{МЭҮ}} 5000 жэлэй үедэ [[Шумер]]нууд хүдөө ажахын үндэһэн гол техникэнүүд болохо гарые үргэн багтасатайгаар, эршэмтэйгээр болбосоруулха, нэгэ түрэлэй ургамал таряалха, зохёон байгуулгатай [[уһажуулга]], мэргэшэһэн ажаллаха хүсэниие ашаглаха зэргэнүүдые илангаяа [[Персиин булан]]һаа [[Тигр мүрэн|Тигр]] ба [[Евфрат мүрэн|Евфратай]] ай һаба хүрэтэрхи одоогой [[Шатт-эль-Араб]]ай уһан замай утаашань хүгжүүлжэ ерэһэн байна. [[Зэрлиг үхэр]] болон [[аргали]]ие [[үхэр]], [[хонин]] болгон гаршуулжа тэдые үргэнөөр хүнэһэн, үмдэгэлэй хэрэгсээндээ болон тээбэрилэлтэдэ ашаглажа байгаа һэн.

[[Кукуруза]], [[шуулж]], хулһалиг харбуулай үндэһэн зэргэ ургамалнуудые анха Америкэдэ {{МЭҮ}} 5200 жэлэй урдаһаа гаршуулжа эхилһэн&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.ucalgary.ca/news/feb2007/early-farming/ |accessdate=2015-04-13 |archivedate=2015-12-01 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151201180130/http://www.ucalgary.ca/news/feb2007/early-farming/ }}&lt;/ref&gt;. [[Түмэс]], [[томат]], [[перец]], [[дыни]], бусад түрэлэй [[буурсаг]], [[канна]], [[тамхи]] болон бусад ургамалнуудые Шэнэ Юртэмсэдэ таряалдаг байһан болоод [[Урда Америкэ|Урда Америкын]] [[Анда|Андын нюрганда]] добын ташаланиие шаталуулха маягаар таряалдаг байжа.

[[Эртын Рома|Ромашууд]] болон [[Эртын Грек|грекүүд]] һүүлдэнь шумернуудай бай болгоһон техникэнүүдые арай һайжаруулаад ашаглажа эхилэнхэй.

=== Дунда зуунай үеын хүдөө ажахы ===
[[Файл:Crescenzi calendar.jpg|мини|справа|250px|Петруса Кресценциин гар бэшэмэлһээ [[литэ|хүдөө ажахын литэ]]]]
[[Дунда зуун]]ай үедэ [[Хойто Африка|Хойто Африкын]] болон [[Ойрохи Дурна|Ойрохи Дурнын]] [[лалын шажан]]ай фермернүүд [[гидролик]] болон [[гидростатик]] заршам дээрэ үндэһэлэн уһажуулгын системэ, далан зэргые ашаглан уһанай нөөсые бии болгохо, уһа дамжуулха хүрдэн машина зэргэ хүдөө ажахын технологинуудые бии болгоһон байна. [[Лалын шажан|лалашууд]] мүн газар таряалангай гарай абалга бэшэжэ энэнь [[шэхэрэй хуһан]], сагаан будаа, жүржын түрэлэй жэмэс, гүйлһэн, хүбэн зэргэ ургамалые гаршуулан ургуулха һууринь боложо үгэнхэй. Лалашууд анха [[Испани]]да [[нимбэг]], [[жүржэ]], хүбэн, бүйлһэн, [[гадил]] зэргэ жэмэс ногоониие асарһан байна.

=== Һэргэн мандалтын үеһөө мүнөө болотор ===
[[Файл:Agriculture (Plowing) CNE-v1-p58-H.jpg|left|thumb|[[Трактор]]оор [[саргаһан]]ай талмайе хагалжа байна]]
[[Файл:Clark's Sector Model.png|thumb|right|Хүдөө ажахыда шэглэһэн ажаллаха хүсэнэй хэмжээ багадхаха хандалгатай]]
[[Файл:2005gdpAgricultural.PNG|thumb|right|2005 оной хүдөө ажахын үйлэдбэрилэл]]

[[Дунда зуун]]ай үедэ [[һэлгэсэ|һэлгэсые]] анха бодон оложо, хитадуудай зохёон бүтээһэн [[анзаhан]]иие абажа хэрэглэһэнээр хүдөө ажахын үйлэдбэрилэл үлэмжэ нэмэгдэһэн.

1492 онһоо хойшо мал амитан, шэнэ сортын үрэ таряа, ногоониие түби дамжуулан һолилсожо үсхэн үрэжүүлхэ болоһон. Тухайн үедэ шэнэ түбиһөө хуушан руу орожо ерэһэн хүдөө ажахын гол бүтээгдэхүүнүүд гэбэл [[томат]], [[кукуруза]], [[түмэс]], [[какао]], [[тамхи]], харин хуушан түбиһөө шэнэ түби рүү [[перец]], [[кофе]], [[шэхэрэй хуһан]] зэргэ байһан. Хуушан түбиһөө шэнэ түби рүү абаашаһан чухал амитад гэбэл [[адуу]], [[нохой]] зэргэ болоно (нохой хэды [[Христофор Колумб|Колумбһаа]] урдахи Америкэдэ байһаншье гэһэн хүдөө ажахыда ашаглахада тохирхогүй үүлдэр угсаанайхи байба). Адууниие хүнэһэнэй хэрэгсээндэ үргэн хэрэглэдэггүй байһаншье адуу, [[элжэгэн]], [[пони]] болон нохой зэргэ амитадынь дэлхэйн хойто хахадта фермын ажахыда ехээр хэрэглэгдэхэ болоһон.

1800-аад оной эхинэй үедэ хүдөө ажахын практикада һайжаруулһан сорт, үрые һунган хэрэглэхэ болоһоноор дунда зуунай үеын ургасаһаа хэд дахин үлүүе хурааха болобо. 19-р зуунай һүүл, 20-р зуунда механизацилга хүгжэжэ тэрэниие хүдөө ажахын практикада ашаглаһанаар фермын ажахы хурдасатай, үргэн багасатай үйлэдбэрилэл болон хубирба. Энэ дабуу талань мүнөөнэй [[АНУ]], [[Аргентинэ]], [[Израиль]], [[Германи]] болон бусад үсөөн хэдэн орондо газарай хизгаарлагдамал нөөсэ бололсоое ашаглан үндэр үрэ ашагтай фермын ажахые бии болгоһон.

[[Олон уласай валютын сан]]гай тоосоолһоноор 2005 ондо [[Хитад Улас|Хитадай]] хүдөө ажахын бүтээмжэ дэлхэйдэ эгээн томодо тоосогдожо байһан ба [[Европын Холбоо]], [[Энэдхэг]], [[АНУ]] удаалһан байна.

== Хүдөө ажахын бүтээгдэхүүн ==

=== 2004 оной дэлхэйн хүдөө ажахын бүтээгдэхүүнэй үйлэдбэрилэл ===
Тодорхой зүйлэй үрэ таряа, ногоониинь дэлхэйн тодорхой бүһэ нютагуудта таряалагдадаг. Дэлхэйн [[Хүнэһэн Хүдөө Ажахын Байгуулга|Хүнэһэн Хүдөө Ажахын Байгуулгын]] үнэлгые сая тонноор дооро элирхылбэ.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; align=left
! colspan=2|Гол нэрын хүдөө ажахын бүтээгдэхүүн, бүтээгдэхүүнэй түрэлөөрынь &lt;br /&gt;(сая тоннооор) 2004 он
|-
| [[Үрэ таряа]] || align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,263
|-
| [[Ногоо]] болон [[дыни]] || align=&quot;right&quot; | 866
|-
| [[Үндэһэн үрэтэ ургамал]] болон [[булсуута ногоо]] || align=&quot;right&quot; | 715
|-
| [[Һүн]] || align=&quot;right&quot; | 619
|-
| [[Жэмэс]] || align=&quot;right&quot; | 503
|-
| [[Мяхан]] || align=&quot;right&quot; | 259
|-
| [[Тоһоной ургамал]] || align=&quot;right&quot; | 133
|-
| [[Загаһан]] (2001 оной байдалаар) || align=&quot;right&quot; | 130
|-
| [[Үндэгэ]] || align=&quot;right&quot; | 63
|-
| [[Буурсагта ургамал]] || align=&quot;right&quot; | 60
|-
| [[Акрил]] || align=&quot;right&quot; | 30
|-
|colspan=2|''Эхэ һурвалжа: &lt;br /&gt;[[Хүнэһэн Хүдөө Ажахын Байгуулга]] (ХХАБ)''&lt;ref name=&quot;FAO&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://faostat.fao.org/ |title=FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS (FAOSTAT) |accessdate= 2007-10-11 |format= |work= }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; align=right
! colspan=2|Гол нэрын хүдөө ажахын бүтээгдэхүүнүүд, бүтээгдэхүүн бүреэр &lt;br /&gt;(сая тонноор) 2004 он
|-
| [[Шэхэрэй хуһан]] || align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,324
|-
| [[Кукуруза]] || align=&quot;right&quot; | 721
|-
| [[Улаан буудай]] || align=&quot;right&quot; | 627
|-
| [[Сагаан будаа]] || align=&quot;right&quot; | 605
|-
| [[Түмһэн]] || align=&quot;right&quot; | 328
|-
| [[Шэхэрэй свекла]] || align=&quot;right&quot; | 249
|-
| [[Шара буурсаг]] || align=&quot;right&quot; | 204
|-
| [[Дала модоной тоһон]] жэмэс || align=&quot;right&quot; | 162
|-
| [[Арбай]] || align=&quot;right&quot; | 154
|-
| [[Томат]] || align=&quot;right&quot; | 120
|-
|colspan=2|''Эхэ һорболжо: &lt;br /&gt;[[Хүнэһэн Хүдөө Ажахын Байгуулга]] (ХХАБ)''&lt;ref name=&quot;FAO&quot; /&gt;
|}
{{clear}}

=== Таримал ургамалай шэнэшлэл ===
[[Файл:Ueberladewagen_(jha).jpg|thumb|[[Трактор]] болон ашаанай угсарга]]
[[Файл:Cropscientist.jpg|right|thumb|Хүдөө ажахын мэргэжэлтэн кукурузын үсэлтые тэмдэглэн абажа байна]]
[[Файл:Bird netting.jpg|thumb|[[Уһан үзэм]]ые шубуунһаа хамгаалха һараалжа]]
Зэрлиг ургамалые гаршуулан таряалха болоһон шалтагааниинь мэдээжэ баян ехэ ургаса абаха, үбшэн болоод хорото хорхой шумуулда эсэргүү тогууритай, ган хуурай нүхэсэлдэ мүн тогууритай, тэжээллиг шанар болоод амта шанар һайтай ургамалые гаргажа абаха болон өөр олон шалтагаан байдаг. Олон зуунай туршада ябагдаһан селекци, һунган һайжаруулха үйлэ ябасань таряа, ногооной ургамалай шэнжэ шанарта ехэхэн хубилалтые асаранхай. Шэнэ [[сорт]]ын ургамал гаргажа абадаг хүн зон мүнөөдэр [[хүлэмжэ]] болон өөр бусад технологинуудые ашаглан нэгэ жэлэй дотор ургамалай гурбанһаа дээшэхи үе удамые гарган ажаллажа байнь дээрэхи һайжаруулха, сортировалха ябасые улам хурдалуулжа байна. 1920 болон 30-аад ондо [[Шэнэ Зеланд]]та шэнэ сорт гаргажа абаһанаар бэлшээриин шанар эрэс һайжарһан. 1950-аад оной үедэ мутагениие ашаглан мүнөөнэй бидэнэй хэрэглэжэ бай (аралжаанай зорилгоор) үрэ таряануудай сорт бии болоһон юм. Тухайлбал, улаан буудай, кукуруза, арбай зэргэ үрэ таряаниие дурдажа болоно&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | last = Stadler| first = L. J. | authorlink = Lewis Stadler | coauthors = G. F. Sprague | title = Genetic Effects of Ultra-Violet Radiation in Maize. I. Unfiltered Radiation | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume = 22 | issue = 10 | pages = 572-578 | publisher = US Department of Agriculture and Missouri Agricultural Experiment Station | date = 1936-10-15 | url = http://www.pnas.org/cgi/reprint/22/10/579.pdf | doi = | id = | accessdate = 2007-10-11 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | last = Berg | first = Paul | coauthors =Maxine Singer | title = George Beadle: An Uncommon Farmer. The Emergence of Genetics in the 20th Century | publisher = Cold Springs Harbor Laboratory Press | date = 2003-08-15 | id = ISBN 0-87969-688-5 }}&lt;/ref&gt;.

1900 оной оршомдо АНУ-да нэгэ [[гектар]] газарһаа абаха [[кукуруза|кукурузын]] хэмжээ 2.5 тонно байһан бол 2001 оной байдалаар 9.4 тонные 1 гектарһаа абаһан байна. Энэтэй адляар 1900 оной үеын [[улаан буудай]]н дэлхэйн дундажа хэмжээ 1 гектарта 1 тонноһоо ехэгүй байһан бол 1990 ондо 2.5 тонноһоо үлүү болоһон байна. Урда Америкын улаан буудайн дундажа хэмжээ 1 гектарта 2 тонно оршом, [[Африка]]да 1 тонноһоо бага, харин [[Египет]] болон Арабта уһажуулгын системэ ашаглан 3.5-һаа 4 тонно хүрэтэр улаан буудайе хураан абажа байна. [[Франци]] мэтын оронуудта бол 1 гектарһаа 8-һаа дээшэ тонно улаан буудай хураан абадаг. Ургасын гарасань олон янзын хэмжээтэй байгаань саг уларил, тухайн ургамалай сорт, эршэмжэһэн фермын техникэ технологиие ашаглажа бай зэргэһээ хамааран янза бүри байдаг.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | last = Ruttan | first = Vernon W. | title = Biotechnology and Agriculture: A Skeptical Perspective | journal = AgBioForum | volume = 2 | issue = 1 | pages = 54-60 | publisher = | date = Winter 1999 | url = http://www.mindfully.org/GE/Skeptical-Perspective-VW-Ruttan.htm | accessdate = 2007-10-11 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | last = Cassman | first = K. | authorlink =  | coauthors =  | title = Ecological intensification of cereal production systems: The Challenge of increasing crop yield potential and precision agriculture | journal = Proceedings of a National Academy of Sciences Colloquium, Irvine, California | volume =  | issue =  | pages =  | publisher = University of Nebraska | date = 1998-12-05 | url = http://www.lsc.psu.edu/nas/Speakers/Cassman%20manuscript.html | doi =  | id =  | accessdate = 2007-10-11 }} {{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.lsc.psu.edu/nas/Speakers/Cassman%20manuscript.html |accessdate=2015-04-13 |archivedate=2007-10-24 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071024001804/http://www.lsc.psu.edu/nas/Speakers/Cassman%20manuscript.html }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Conversion note: 1 bushel of wheat = 60 pounds (lb) ≈ 27.215 kg. 1 bushel of corn = 56 pounds ≈ 25.401 kg&lt;/ref&gt;
Хүдөө ажахынь [[ажаүйлэдбэри]]жэһэн оронуудта, үйлэдбэрилэгшын һонирхолые хангаха эдэнһээ таряа ногооной ургасые һайжаруулһанаар (ургаса баян болоһоноор) тухай таряа ногооной тэжээллиг шанар болон бусад ашагтай шанарнуудынь харин эсэргээр багадхажа ерэһэн. 60-аад оной эхин үедэ механикэ томат хураагша машина гараһанаар хүдөө ажахын эрдэмтэд арай хатуу, тэжээллиг багатай томатай сортые гаргажа эхилһэн (Фридланд ба Бартон 1975). Эндэ һүүлшын 50 жэлдэ маша олон хүнэһэнэй ногооной тэжээллиг багадхаһаниие шудалгаагаар гаргаһан байна. Жэшээлбэл АНУ-да тарижа бай хүнэһэнэй ногоондо агуулагдаха B2 витаминай агууламжа дундажаар 38%-аар, С витаминай агууламжа 15%-аар багадхаһан байна (Дэвис, Риордан 2004).

Һүүлшын хэдэн жэлдэ дэлхэйн зарим оронуудта [[генэй инженери]]ие шэнэ сорт гаргажа абаха тала дээрэ эршэмтэй ашаглажа байна. [[Хорото ургамал]]ай эсэргүү тогуури һайтай [[ген]] бүхы сортуудые гаргажа абаха тала дээрэ анхааржа байна.

Зарим хүнүүд ниитэлиг бэшэ амитад, ургамалые мүн үсхэн үрэжүүлдэг.

Хүдөө ажахытай холбоотой өөр нэгэн ажахы бол [[загаһан]], [[сам хорхой]] болон [[замаг]] үрэжүүлхэ үйлэ ажаллалга [[загаһанай ажахы]] гэдэг (аквакультура).

Уламжалалта зүгын [[бал]] гаргажа абадаг байһан [[зүгын ажахы]]е һүүлшын үед таримал ургамалай үрэжэлдэ ехээр ашаглаха болобо.

== Мал ажахы ==
Мал ажахын дадал дэлхэй даяар өөр өөр мал амитан үсхэн үрэжүүлдэг ушарһаа янза бүри байдаг. Малые юрэнхыдөө хашаа, амбаар, хороондо байлгадаг болон хүнүүдэй бэлэдхэһэн тэжээлээр хоолложо, тэдэниие зорюудаар селекционировалдаг бол зарим газар малые сүлөөтэй байлгажа бэлшээриин байдалаар тэжээдэг, уламаар сүлөөтэй эбсэлдүүлдэг. Хүдөө ажахыда ашаглагдажа бай ниитэ газарай ойролсоогоор 68%-иие малай байнгын бэлшээри байдалаар ашаглажа байна.&lt;ref&gt;FAO Database, 2003&lt;/ref&gt;

== Байгаали оршоной асуудал ==
[[Файл:Erosion.jpg|thumb|250px|[[Вашингтон можын ехэ һургуули]]ин ойролсоохо улаан буудайн талмайдахи [[хүрьһэнэй элэгдэл]]. АНУ (c.2005)]]
Хүдөө ажахынь гол түлэб байгаалиин тогтууритай байдалые алдагдуулжа, үйлэдбэрилэн гаргажа бай дайбар бүтээгдэхүүнүүд байгаали оршондо халгаатай байдаг ушарһаа байгаали оршоной асуудалнуудые бии болгодог. Зарим һүргэ (негатив) нүлөөлэлые дуридбал:

* [[Азот]] болон [[фосфор]]ой үлүүдэл гол мүрэн, нуур сөөрэмдэ орожо байна
* [[Гербицид]], [[фунгицид]], [[инсектицид]], бусад түрэлэй [[биоцид]] бодосой хоротой нүлөөлэл
* Түрэл бүриин байгаалиин [[экосистемэ|экосистемые]] [[атар газар|атаршаһан газар]] болгожо байна
* Үргэн багтаса бүхы [[биомасса|биомассые]] үсөөн хэдэн зүйлэй ургамалаар (амитан) һолижо байна
* [[Хүрьһэнэй элэгдэл]]
* Хүрьһэнэй үржэл шэмын алдагдал
* Амитанай хаядаһанһаа гараха [[аммиак]] болон бусад хатуу тооһонсорнууд [[агаарай бохирдол]]до нүлөөлхэ һүргэ нүлөө
* Хорото ургамал, амитан
* Хүдөө ажахын хаягдалһаа илгарха үнэр, хии
* Хүрьһэн хужиршалга

Хүдөө ажахын үйлэ ажаллалгаһаа боложо [[ой|ой модон]] багадхажа, оршон һуугшад шэнэ газарые фермын ажахын хэрэгсээтэ газар болгон хубиргажа байгаань олон ороной [[биологиин түрэл зүйл]]дэ (био олон янза байлга) мэдэгдэхысэ таагүй нүлөө үзүүлжэ байна гэжэ тухайн оронуудай [[биологиин түрэл зүйлые хамгаалха үйлэ ажаллалгын хүтэлбэри]]дэ дурдагдаһан байна. Зарим шүүмжэлэгшэд хүдөө ажахынь мүнөөнэй [[дэлхэйн дулаарал|дэлхэйн саг агаарай хубилалтада]] нүлөөлжэ байна гэжэ үзөө һэн.

[[НҮБ]]-эй тайланда дурдаһанаар манай дэлхэйн хүреэлэн байдаг оршондо орон нютагай нюрууһаа эхилээд дэлхэйн нюрууда эгэн һүргээр нүлөөлжэ бай хоёрһоо гурбан хүсэн зүйлэй нэгэниинь мал ажахын (голдуу үхэр, тахяа болон гахайн ажахы) сектор гэһэн. Мал ажахын үйлэдбэрилэл хүдөө ажахыда ашаглагдажа бай ниитэ газарай 70%-иие эзэлдэг, харин манай гарагай хуурай газарай 30%-иие эзэлдэг байна.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.virtualcentre.org/en/library/key_pub/longshad/A0701E00.pdf Food and Agricultural Organization of the U.N.] retrieved 27 jun 2007&lt;/ref&gt; Энэ ажахынь [[хүлэмжын хии]] булангиртуулжа бай эгээн томо эхэ һурвалжануудай нэгэ юм байна. СО2 эквивалентээр хэмжэхэдэ дэлхэйн ниитэ булангиртуулжа бай хүлэмжын хиин 18%-иие бүридүүлжэ байна. Бусад эхэ һурвалжануудһаа дурдабал зам тээбэри ниитэ хүлэмжын хиин юрэдөө 13,5%-иие булангиртуулдаг. Мал ажахын секторынь мүн хүнэй үйлэтэй холбогдон булангиртуулжа бай азотын оксидын 65%-иие дангаараа, хүнэй оролсоотой булангиртажа бай метанай 37%-иие агаар мандалда булангиртуулжа байна. 64%-иин [[аммиак]]ые булангиртуулжа байдаг ябадалынь хүшэллиг бороо орохо болон экосистемын хүшэллигжэлгые нэмэгдүүлжэ байдаг.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Livestock’s long shadow: Environmental issues and options |url=http://www.virtualcentre.org/en/library/key_pub/longshad/A0701E00.htm |accessdate=2015-04-13 |archivedate=2014-08-06 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140806144540/http://www.virtualcentre.org/en/library/key_pub/longshad/A0701E00.htm }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Хүдөө ажахын болон мал амитанай биологиин түрэл зүйлэй тараалга дахи генетик нөөсын хомсодол ==
Хүдөө ажахын болон мал амитаны биологиин түрэл зүйлэй тараалга дахи генетикын элэгдэл гэдэгынь генетикын түрэл зүйл үгы болохые хэлэнэ. Эндэ тодорхой хуби ген үгы болохо, тодорхой генүүдэй зохилдуулга үгы болохые гү, али тухайлбал оршондоо дадажа зохисожо бии болоһон гаршуулһан амитадай үүлдэрнүүд, тухайн байгаалидаа дадажа зохисожо бай болоһон ургамалнуудые нэрлэжэ болоно. Генетикын элэгдэл гэдэг нэрэ томьёонь ябасуу хүреэндэ ашаглагдаха болоод эндэ жэшээлбэл генүүдиэй гү, али [[аллель]]нуудай алдагдал, эс бүгһөө арай үргэн хүреэндэ түрэл гү, али бүри зүйлэй алдагдалые ойлгожо болоно. Ургамалай генетикын элэгдэлэй арад бай томо нүлөөлхэ хүсэн зүйлнүүдынь түрэл зүйлые хубилалха, газарай сэбэрлэлгэ, зүйлнүүдэй хэт ехэ таряалалга, ургамалай тоо хэмжээнэй дарамта, хүреэлэн бай оршоной тогтуурита байдал алдагдаха, хэт ехэ бэлшээриин талмайе бии болгохо бодолго болон хүдөө ажахын системэнүүдэй хубилалта зэргэ байдаг.

Гэхыдээ эгээн голлохо хүсэн зүйл тухайн оршоной амитан, ургамалнуудые үндэр шэмэтэ гү, али ашагтай түрэл, зүйлнүүдээр һолижо байдаг ябадал юм. Амитан, ургамалай түрэл зүйлэй тоонь маша ехээр байнга багадхажа бай ябадалынь аралжаанай шэнжэтэй түрэл зүйлнүүд уламжалалта хүдөө ажахын системэдэ орожо ерэжэ байтай холбоотой юм (эндэнь [[Генетикын хубиргаһан организм|ГХО]] ороно). Олон шудалшад агро-экосистемын менеджменттэй холбоотой гол бэрхэшээл оршон үеын хүдөө ажахын хүгжэлэй үрэ дүндэ бии боложо бай генетикын болон экологиин түгээмэл байдал руу шэлжэхэ хандалга юм гэжэ үзэжэ байна.

=== Үндэр ашаг шэмэтэ мал амитан, ургамал гаргажа абаха уламжалалта селекци, генетик инженери ===

Хүдөө ажахы болон [[мал ажахы]]н һалбарида [[ногоон хубисхал]] [[үндэр ашаг шэмэтэ мал|үндэр ашаг шэмэтэ түрэлнүүдые]] бии болгохо замаар малай ашаг шэмые хэд дахин ехэдхэхэ уламжалалта [[гибрид]]изировалха аргые түгээмэл болгоһон. Хүгжэһэн оронуудта гол түлэб амитан болон ургамалай олон үүлдэрые ехээр гибридизировалха эхилһэн болон бусад хүгжэжэ бай оронуудта тухайн бүһэ нютагай байгаали саг уларил, үбшэн эмгэгтэ тогтууритай түрэл зүйлнүүдтэй гибридизировалха замаар үндэр ашаг шэмэтэ түрэл зүйлнүүдые гарган абажа байна.

== Ухаан бодолго ==
Хүдөө ажахын ухаан бодолгонь хүдөө ажахын үйлэдбэрилэлэй зорилго болон арга технологи дээрэ анхаардаг. Бодолгын нюрууда дараахи хүдөө ажахын ниитэлиг зорилгые хэрэгжүүлдэг:

* Хүнэһэнэй эрүүл ахы: хүнэһэнэй ниилүүлэлтэ хүнэй бэедэ хоро хохирол ушаруулхаһаа һэргылхэ.
* Хүнэһэнэй аюулгүй байдал: хүнэһэнэй ниилүүлэлтэ хүн зоной шаардалга хангаха.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.csmonitor.com/2007/0724/p01s01-wogi.html Rising food prices curb aid to global poor]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.finfacts.com/irelandbusinessnews/publish/article_1011078.shtml Record rise in wheat price prompts UN official to warn that surge in food prices may trigger social unrest in developing countries]&lt;/ref&gt;
* Хүнэһэнэй шанар: Хүнэһэнэй ниилүүлэлтын шанарые танюулжа тэрэниие тогтоборитой үргэлжэлүүлхэ.
* [[Ядуурал]]ые бууруулха
* Байгаали оршоной хамгаалал
* Байгаали оршоной нүлөөлэл
* Эдэй засагай тогтоборитой байдал

== Хүдөө ажахыдахи аюулгүй байдал болон эрүүл мэндын асуудалнууд ==
[[Файл:Crops Kansas AST 20010624.jpg|thumb|300px|2001 оной 7-р һарын һүүлээр абаһан [[Канзас]] можо уласай Хаскел тойрогдохи эрьелдэгшэ уһалгын системэ бүхы газар таряалангай дугариг хэлбэриин талмайнуудай хэмэл дахуулай зураг. Эрүүл ургажа бай таряан талмай ногоон харагдажа байна. [[Кукуруза]] набшан ногоон үнгэтэй харагдажа бай бол харин соргум (Sorghum) кукурузые бодобол удаан ургадаг, жаахан ушарһаа арай сайбар харагдажа байна. Улаан буудай 7-р һарада болбосордог ушарһаа алтан шаргал үнгэтэй байна. Хүрэн талмайнуудынь ургасыень хурааһан гү, али жэлэй турша таряалаагүй хэһэг.]]

=== АНУ ===
Хүдөө ажахынь эгээн аюултай [[ажаүйлэдбэри]]нүүдэй жагсаалтада багтадаг.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/agriculture/|title=NIOSH- Agriculture|accessdate=2007-10-10|publisher=United States National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health}}&lt;/ref&gt; Фермернүүдынь аминда хүрэхэ болон үлэ хүрэхэ гэмтэл абаха, ажалай гаралтай [[уушхан]]ай үбшэлэлтэ, шэмээ шааяанһаа үүдэлтэй [[дүлии]]рэл, арһанай үбшэн, ута хугасаада наранда ажаллаһанһаа болон химиин бодостой ажаллаһанһаа бии болохо тодорхой түрэлэй хорото хабдарнуудта нэрбэгдэхэ үндэр эрэсдэлтэй байдаг. Фермын ажахынь гэр бүлээрээ (ехэбшэлэн гэр бүлээрээ ажалладаг болон фермэ дээрээ амидардаг) гэмтэл бэртэл абаха, үбшэн туһаха, үхэхэ эрэсдэлтэй үсөөхэн ажаүйлэдбэринүүдэй нэгэ юм.

* [[АНУ]]-да жэл бүри дундажаар 516 ажалшан фермын ажалһаа болон наһа барадаг байна (1992—2005). Эдэ наһа баралтануудай 101 нь трактортой болгоомжогүй харисаһанһаа ушартай юм байна.
* Үдэр бүри ойролсоогоор 243 хүдөө ажахын ажалшан ажалай үеын гэмтэл бэртэлдэ нэрбэгдэжэ байна. Энэ дундань 5 % байнгын хүгжэлэй бэрхэшээлтэй боложо байна.&lt;ref name=NIOSH_AgInj&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/aginjury//|title=NIOSH- Agriculture Injury|accessdate=2007-10-10|publisher=United States National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Залуу ажалшад ===
Хүдөө ажахынь залуу ажалшадай хубида эгээн аюултай үйлэдбэрилэл юм. АНУ-да 1992 онһоо 2000 оной хоорондо залуу ажалшадай абаһан ниитэ бэртэл гэмтэлэй 42 % хүдөө ажахын һалбарида ноогдожо байна. Бусад ажаүйлэдбэринүүдтэй адлигүйгөөр эдэ залуу хохирогшодой тала хубинь 15 наһанһаа доошо наһанайхи байдаг.&lt;ref&gt;NIOSH [2003]. Unpublished analyses of the 1992—2000 Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries Special Research Files provided to NIOSH by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (includes more detailed data than the research file, but excludes data from New York City). Morgantown, WV: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Safety Research, Surveillance and Field Investigations Branch, Special Studies Section. Unpublished database.&lt;/ref&gt;

Хүдөө ажахыдахь 15-һаа 17 наһанай залуу ажалшадай амида халгаатай гэмтэл бэртэл абаха эрэсдэлынь бусад ажалай талбаридахи залуу ажалшадай иимэ түрэлэй бэртэл абаха эрэсдэлһээ 4 дахин ехэ байдаг байна.&lt;ref&gt;BLS [2000]. Report on the youth labor force. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, pp. 58-67.&lt;/ref&gt; Хүдөө ажахыда залуу ажалшадынь машинатай харисаха, хизгаарлагдамал орон зай, сахилгаан шата, мал амитантай харисаһанһаа бии болохо гэмтэл бэртэлдэ үртэдэг.

* 2004 оной байдалаар ниитэ 1.26 сая 20-һоо доошо наһанай үхибүүд болон наһанда хүрэгшэ фермэ дээрэ амидаржа байна. Энэнэй ойролсоогоор 699,000 фермэ дээрэ ажаллажа байна. 2004 ондо фермэ дээрэ ажаллажа бай залуушуудһаа гадна 337000 үхибүүд болон наһанда хүрэгшэ АНУ-дахи фермэнүүд дээрэ гаднаһаа нэмэжэ ажаллажа байна.
* Дундажаар 1990-һээ 1996 оной хоорондо 103 үхибүүд фермэ дээрэ ами наһаяа алдаһан байна. Ойролсоогоор 40 шахуу хубинь ажалай бии бололготой байна.
* 2004 ондо барагсаагаар 27,600 үхибүүд болон наһанда хүрэгшэ фермэ дээрэ гэмтэл бэртэл абаһанай 8,100 фермын ажалһаа бии бололготой байна.&lt;ref name=NIOSH_AgInj/&gt;

[[Файл:Coffee Plantation.jpg|thumb|600px|center|[[Бразил]] улас — [[Минас-Жерайс]] можо — Сро Хоро до Манхуасу хотодохи [[кофе]]гай таряалан.]]

== Зүүлтэ ==
{{зүүлтэ}}

== Ном зохёол ==
* {{книга|часть=[http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enc_geo/259/СЕЛЬСКОЕ_ХОЗЯЙСТВО Сельское хозяйство]|автор=Горкин А. П. (Гл. Ред.)|заглавие=География: Современная иллюстрированная энциклопедия|место=М.|издательство=Росмэн|год=2006|страниц=624|isbn=5353024435}}
* Artz, F. B, (1980), ‘The Mind of the Middle Ages’; Third edition revised; The University of Chicago Press,
* Bolens, L. (1997), `Agriculture’ in Encyclopedia of the history of Science, technology, and Medicine in Non Western Cultures, Editor: Helaine Selin; Kluwer Academic Publishers. Dordrecht/Boston/London, pp 20–2
* Collinson, M. (editor): ''A History of Farming Systems Research''. CABI Publishing, 2000. ISBN 0-85199-405-9
* Crosby, Alfred W.: ''The Columbian Exchange : Biological and Cultural Consequences of 1492''. Praeger Publishers, 2003 (30th Anniversary Edition). ISBN 0-275-98073-1
* Davis, Donald R., and Hugh D. Riordan (2004) Changes in USDA Food Composition Data for 43 Garden Crops, 1950 to 1999. Journal of the American College of Nutrition, Vol. 23, No. 6, 669—682.
* Friedland, William H. and Amy Barton (1975) Destalking the Wily Tomato: A Case Study of Social Consequences in California Agricultural Research. Univ. California at Sta. Cruz, Research Monograph 15.
* Saltini A.''Storia delle scienze agrarie'', 4 vols, Bologna 1984-89, ISBN 88-206-2412-5, ISBN 88-206-2413-3, ISBN 88-206-2414-1, ISBN 88-206-2414-X
* Watson, A.M (1974), ‘The Arab agricultural revolution and its diffusion’, in The Journal of Economic History, 34,
* Watson, A.M (1983), ‘ Agricultural Innovation in the Early Islamic World’, Cambridge University Press
* Wells, Spencer: ''The Journey of Man : A Genetic Odyssey''. Princeton University Press, 2003. ISBN 0-691-11532-X
* Wickens, G.M.(1976), ‘What the West borrowed from the Middle east’, in Introduction to Islamic Civilization, edited by R.M. Savory, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

== Холбооһон ==
* [http://www.ukagriculture.com/ UKAgriculture.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071111084257/http://www.ukagriculture.com/ |date=2007-11-11 }} — Advance the education of the public in all aspects of agriculture, the countryside and the rural economy {{ref-en}}
* [http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/agriculture National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health — Agriculture Page] {{ref-en}}
* [http://odi.org.uk/agriculture Research on the role of Agriculture in Poverty Reduction] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071030002226/http://www.odi.org.uk/agriculture/ |date=2007-10-30 }} from the Overseas Development Institute {{ref-en}}
* [http://www.gks.ru/news/perepis2006/totals-osn.htm Окончательные итоги всероссийской сельскохозяйственной переписи России 2006 года] {{ref-ru}}
* [http://agroatlas.spb.ru/ru/ Агроэкологический атлас России и сопредельных государств: сельскохозяйственные растения, их вредители, болезни и сорняки] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100410135339/http://www.agroatlas.spb.ru/ru/ |date=2010-04-10 }} {{ref-ru}}
* [http://agro-bursa.ru/prices/ Мониторинг цен сельхозкультур и продуктов их переработки] {{ref-ru}}

{{1000 үгүүлэл}}

{{Featured article}}

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'''Барнаул''' ({{lang-ru|Барнаул}}), [[Оросой холбоото улас]]ай хото, [[Алтайн хизаар]]ай засаг захиргаанай түб, [[Обь мүрэн]]дэ хүлэг онгосын зогсоол. Түмэр замай уулзабари. 635 мянган ажаһуугшадтай (2015). Машина бүтээлгэ (хүдэлүүр, тогоон, механик хэблэл, тээбэриин машина бүтээлгын үйлэдбэри), химиин, хүнгэн (хүбэн саарһанай, меланжын комбинадууд), хүнэһэнэй ажаүйлэдбэри. 6 дээдэ һургуули (энэ тоодо [[Алтайн гүрэнэй ехэ һургуули]]), 4 театрнууд. Уран зурагай ба хэрэглээнэй уралигай музей. 1730 ондо байгуулагданхай, 1771 ондо хото болонхой.
== Холбооһон ==
* [https://barnaul-gid.ru/ Барнаул] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220630141700/https://barnaul-gid.ru/ |date=2022-06-30 }}
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'''Элизабета Энни «Лизза» Каплан''' (июль hарын 30, 1982) Америкын зүжэгшэ. ''Mean Girls'' (2004), ''Cloverfield'' (2008), ''Hot Tub Time Machine'' (2010), ''Bachelorette'' (2012), ''The Interview'' (2014), and ''Now You See Me 2'' (2016) гэхэ мэтэ кинонуудта буулгагдаад мэдэгдэhэн. ''Related'', ''The Class'', ''True Blood'', ''Party Down'' and ''Masters of Sex гэhэн сериалнуудар баhа буулгагдаhан.''

== Залуу сагууд ==
  Лос-Анджелес хотын Miracle Mile тойрогто дурэгдэhэн ба ургаhан. Эжэ абаниинь еврей яhатан байгаа.&lt;ref name=&quot;Caplan&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Miller|first=Gerri|title=Mean girl no more|journal=American Jewish Life Magazine|year=2005|url=http://www.atlantajewish.com/content/092005/falltv/lizzy.html|accessdate=December 13, 2006}} {{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.atlantajewish.com/content/092005/falltv/lizzy.html |accessdate=June 12, 2016 |archivedate=April 15, 2012 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415050628/http://www.atlantajewish.com/content/092005/falltv/lizzy.html }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Huver|first=Scott|url=https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/national-international/lizzy-caplan-takes-over-the-world-including-the-marvel-universe/1960766/|title=Lizzy Caplan Tackles &quot;Masters of Sex&quot; and the Marvel Universe|publisher=NBC New York|date=2012-09-25|accessdate=2013-08-25}}&lt;/ref&gt; Абанинь юристор худэлдэг, эжынинь политигуудта хамалсадаг байhан.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/10991713/Lizzy-Caplan-interview-for-Masters-of-Sex-Sex-is-easy-to-fake-comedy-isnt.html|location=London|work=The Daily Telegraph|first=Hermione|last=Hoby|title=Lizzy Caplan interview for Masters of Sex: Sex is easy to fake; comedy isn't|date=July 25, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; Лииззи гурбан хүүгэд соонь аhань залуу байhан.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G0xSqOoyufo|title=Lizzy Caplan Reveals Why She Wanted to Be a Boy|date=July 13, 2015|accessdate=December 8, 2015|website=YouTube|publisher=|last=theoffcamerashow|first=}}&lt;/ref&gt; 13 болоодуй байхаданинь эжэниинь гээгдэшэhэн. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Liberation of Lizzy Caplan|url=http://www.rollingstone.com/tv/features/the-liberation-of-lizzy-caplan-20140825?page=2|website=Rolling Stone|publisher=''[[Rolling Stone]]''|accessdate=2015-12-08|archivedate=2015-12-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151211012953/http://www.rollingstone.com/tv/features/the-liberation-of-lizzy-caplan-20140825?page=2}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.vulture.com/2013/09/lizzy-caplan-on-her-new-show-masters-of-sex.html|title=Lizzy Caplan on Her New Show, Masters of Sex|publisher=Vulture|date=|accessdate=2015-10-08}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Guestdjproject|url=http://www.kcrw.com/music/programs/gd/gd121212lizzy_caplan|title=Lizzy Caplan - Guest DJ Project on KCRW|publisher=Kcrw.com|date=2012-12-12|accessdate=2015-10-08|archivedate=2013-10-30|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131030090306/http://www.kcrw.com/music/programs/gd/gd121212lizzy_caplan/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Каплаан Alexander Hamilton High School hураха ороhон,&lt;ref name=&quot;cbs&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.cbs.com/primetime/the_class/bio/caplan.shtml|title=Lizzy Caplan&amp;nbsp; — Bios&amp;nbsp; — The Class on CBS|publisher=CBS.com|date=May 23, 2007|accessdate=May 6, 2009|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090204125135/http://www.cbs.com/primetime/the_class/bio/caplan.shtml|archivedate=February 4, 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt; тэндээ Дуунай академиин hургуулидан hураhан. Анханhаа пианиинаар наадажа hуржайгаад hулдэнь драмада hуража эхилэ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|first=Rob|last=Brink|title=Hey, You're Cool! Lizzy Caplan|date=February 2008|magazine=[[Mass Appeal Magazine]]|page=48}}&lt;/ref&gt; 2000 ондо тэрэ hургуулия дуургэhэн, тиигэд колледжа оронгуйгоор актриса болохоо hанаба.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=The naked truth: Lizzy Caplan on 'Masters of Sex'|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/tv/features/the-naked-truth-lizzy-caplan-on-masters-of-sex-8854733.html|website=The Independent|accessdate=2015-12-08|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Карьеэра ==
1999 киноонудта наадажа эхилhэнь, ''Freaks and Geeks  '' гэhэн сериалда Саара гэжэ басаган боложо наадаhан, тэрээнинь туруушын роолинь болоно. Тэрээнэ hүүлдэ элдэб сериалнуудар буулгагдаа Jason Mrazай дуунай киноодо &quot;You and I Both&quot;. 2000 ондо ''From Where I Sit'' .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Lizzy Caplan {{!}} Biography, Movie Highlights and Photos {{!}} AllMovie|url=http://www.allmovie.com/artist/lizzy-caplan-p352658|website=AllMovie|accessdate=2015-12-08}}&lt;/ref&gt; 2001 ондо, Тиина Гриир  гэжэ хүни ''Smallvillай '' эпизоодто наадаhан. 

2005 ондо Каплаан Марджа Сореэлли боложо  ''Relatedдэ'' буулгагдаhан, энэнь ганса нэгэ сезоон болоод саашань хаагдаhан. 2006 Саара Вээллер болоод ''Love is the Drug'' киноодо ''Variety ''журнаалда &quot;10 хархаар актеорнууд&quot; гэжэ нэрлэгдээ.&lt;ref name=&quot;heeb&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|first=Malina|last=Saval|title=Lizzy Caplan: The _Heeb_ Interview|magazine=[[Heeb (magazine)|Heeb]]|url=http://www.heebmagazine.com/lizzy-caplan-the-_heeb_-interview/|accessdate=July 1, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Relatedдээ hүүлоор '' CBS канаалэ ''The Class '' ситкоомдо худэлоо, энэнь баhал нэгэ сезоон болоод болео. Эндэ Кээт Вэмблеэр боложо, яагаад 20 жэл болоод hургуулиин үүринууд дахин уулзаhын харуула.&lt;ref name=&quot;heeb&quot;/&gt;

== Оорын байдал ==
Каплан Matthew Perrитээ 2006 онhо 2012 он хүртэр уулзадаг  байhан.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.tmz.com/2006/11/16/matthew-perrys-student-body-hook-up/|title=Matthew Perry's Student Body Hookup|publisher=TMZ.com|date=2006-11-16|accessdate=2012-05-25}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/09/10/matthew-perry-and-lizzy-caplan_n_956646.html|title=Matthew Perry And Lizzy Caplan: Another Hollywood Odd Couple? (PHOTO)|publisher=Huffingtonpost.com|date=September 10, 2011|accessdate=2012-05-25|first=Kelly|last=Fisher}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=|url=http://www.nypost.com/p/pagesix/closing_festivities_l80zXwVt7qYByqw4PUToFL|title=Matthew Perry and Lizzie Caplan catch the closing night of &quot;Assistance&quot;|publisher=NYPOST.com|date=2012-03-13|accessdate=2012-05-25|archivedate=2012-06-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120621140422/http://www.nypost.com/p/pagesix/closing_festivities_l80zXwVt7qYByqw4PUToFL}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.usmagazine.com/celebrity-news/news/matthew-perry-lizzy-caplan-quietly-split-havent-been-together-for-a-long-time-20131810|work=Us Weekly|first=Allison|last=Takeda|title=Matthew Perry, Lizzy Caplan Quietly Split, &quot;Haven't Been Together for a Long Time&quot;|date=October 18, 2013|accessdate=October 19, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;cx-segment&quot; data-segmentid=&quot;169&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;

== Киноонууд ==

=== Киноо ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 10px;&quot;

!Жэл
!Нэрэнь
!Хэни наадаб
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Хабсаралта
|-
| 2002
| ''Orange County''
| Party girl

|-
| 2003
| ''Hardcore Action News''
| Lizzy Lyons
|богони киноо
|-
| 2004
| ''Mean Girls''
| Janis Ian

|-
| 2006
| ''Love Is the Drug''
| Sara Weller

|-
| 2007
| ''Crashing''
| Jacqueline

|-
| 2008
| ''Cloverfield''
| Marlena Diamond
| Nominated—Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actress
|-
| 2008
| ''My Best Friend's Girl''
| Ami

|-
| 2009
| ''Crossing Over''
| Marla

|-
| 2010
| ''Successful Alcoholics''
| Lindsay
|богони киноо
|-
| 2010
| ''Hot Tub Time Machine''
| April Drennan
| Nominated—Teen Choice Award for Choice Movie Actress: Comedy
|-
| 2010
| ''&lt;span class=&quot;sortkey&quot;&gt;Last Rites of Ransom Pride, The&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;vcard&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;fn&quot;&gt;The Last Rites of Ransom Pride&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;''
| Juliette Flowers

|-
| 2010
| ''127 Hours''
| Sonja Ralston

|-
| 2011
| ''High Road''
| Sheila

|-
| 2012
| ''Save the Date''
| Sarah

|- 
| 2012
| ''Bachelorette''
| Gena

|-
| 2012
| ''3,2,1... Frankie Go Boom''
| Lassie

|-
| 2012
| ''Queens of Country''
| Jolene Gillis

|-
| 2012
| ''Marvel One-Shot: Item 47''
| Claire
|богони киноо&lt;br&gt;
|-
| 2014
| ''&lt;span class=&quot;sortkey&quot;&gt;Interview, The&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;vcard&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;fn&quot;&gt;The Interview&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;''
| Agent Lacey

|-
| 2015
| ''The Night Before''
| Diana

|-
| 2016
| ''Now You See Me 2''
| Lula May

|-
| 2016
| ''Allied''
| Bridget
|''Буулгагдажайна''

|}

=== Сериалнууд ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 10px;&quot;

!Жэл
!Нэрэн
!Хэни наадаб&lt;br&gt;
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Хабсаралга
|-
| 1999–2000
| ''Freaks and Geeks''
|Sara
| 4 эпизоод
|-
| 2000
| ''From Where I Sit''
|Lily&lt;br&gt;
|Телевиизэрээ киноо
|-
| 2001
| ''Undeclared''
|Beautiful girl&lt;br&gt;
|Эпизоод: &quot;Prototype&quot;
|-
| 2001–2003
| ''Smallville''
|Tina Greer&lt;br&gt;
| 2 эпизоод
|-
| 2001
| ''Once and Again''
| Sarah&lt;br&gt;
|Эпизод: &quot;Tough Love&quot;
|-
| 2002
| ''Everybody's Doing It''
|Angela&lt;br&gt;
|Телевиизэрээ киноо&lt;br&gt;
|-
| 2003
| ''&lt;span class=&quot;sortkey&quot;&gt;Pitts, The&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;vcard&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;fn&quot;&gt;The Pitts&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;''
| Faith Pitt
| 7 эпизоод
|-
| 2005
| ''Tru Calling''
| Avery Bishop
| 4 эпизоод
|-
| 2005–2006
| ''Related''
| Marjee Sorelli
| 18 эпизоод
|-
| 2006–2009
| ''American Dad!''
| Debbie (voice)
| 4 эпизоод
|-
| 2006–2007
| ''&lt;span class=&quot;sortkey&quot;&gt;Class, The&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;vcard&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;fn&quot;&gt;The Class&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;''
| Kat Warbler
| 19 эпизоод
|-
| 2008
| ''True Blood''
| Amy Burley
| 6 эпизоод
|-
| 2008
| ''&lt;span class=&quot;sortkey&quot;&gt;Life &amp; Times of Tim, The&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;vcard&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;fn&quot;&gt;The Life &amp; Times of Tim&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;''

| Episode: &quot;Insurmountable High Score/Tim vs. the Baby&quot;
|-
| 2009–2010
| ''Party Down''
| Casey Klein
| 20 эпизоод
|-
| 2010–2011
| ''Childrens Hospital''
| Harmony / Casey Klein
| 2 эпизоод
|-
| 2011
| ''&lt;span class=&quot;sortkey&quot;&gt;Cleveland Show, The&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;vcard&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;fn&quot;&gt;The Cleveland Show&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;''
| Patty Donner (voice)
|Эпизоод: &quot;The Essence of Cleveland&quot;
|-
| 2011
| ''Mr. Sunshine''
| Vivian Cornelli
|Эпизоод: &quot;Ben and Vivian&quot;
|-
| 2011
| ''Wainy Days''
| Arielle
|Эпизоод: &quot;Kelly and Arielle – Part 2&quot;
|-
| 2012
| ''New Girl''
| Julia
| 4 эпизоод
|-
| 2013
| ''Newsreaders''
| Anya Turpo
|Эпизоод: &quot;Hedge Fun&quot;
|-
| 2013–present
| ''Masters of Sex''
| Virginia Johnson
|Ахамад роль; баhа продюусэр&lt;br&gt;
Nominated—Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Actress in a Drama Series&lt;br&gt;
Nominated—Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series&lt;br&gt;
Nominated—Satellite Award for Best Actress – Television Series Drama &lt;small&gt;(2014–15)&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| 2013–2014
| ''&lt;span class=&quot;sortkey&quot;&gt;League, The&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;vcard&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;fn&quot;&gt;The League&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;''
| Rebecca Ruxin
| 3 эпизоод
|-
|2014
|''Kroll Show''
|Signing Bonus Contestant #1
|Эпизоод: &quot;Krolling Around with Nick Klown&quot;
|-
| 2014
| ''Comedy Bang! Bang!''
| Herself
|Эпизоод: &quot;Lizzy Caplan Wears All Black &amp; Powder Blue Espadrilles&quot;
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}</text>
      <sha1>rdb9uftmqw0ys44t1haespsreqmsucw</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Георгий Флёров</title>
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      <text bytes="6073" sha1="pea5psd22484jnfpr5rqmibwxiux3h2" xml:space="preserve">{{Алдартай хүн
|нэрэ = Георгий Николаевич Флёров
|уугуул_нэрэ =
|зураг = RUSMARKA-1660.jpg
|image_caption = Флёровой 100 жэлэй ойн марка
|ажал_үйлэ = [[физикэ|сүмын физик]]
|түрэһэн_үдэр = 
|түрэһэн_газар = [[Дондохи Ростов]]
|иргэн = {{flagcountry|USSR}}
|наһа_бараһан_үдэр = 
|наһа_бараһан_газар = [[Москва]]
|ажал_хэһэн_саг  =
|нүхэр = 
|хүүгэд =
|шагнал =
|гар    = 
}}
'''Георгий Николаевич Флёров''' (1913 оной 3 һарын 2, [[Дондохи Ростов]] – 1990 оной 11 һарын 19, [[Москва]]), [[Зүблэлтэ холбоото улас|Зүблэлтын]] сүмын физик, Дубнынхи Сүмын шэнжэлгын нэгэдэһэн институдые үндэһэлэгшэ, СССР-эй Эрдэм Ухаанай Академиин академик (1968). [[атомой задарал|Зүнгөөрөө болохо атомой задаралые]] нээбэ. 2012 ондо, 114-дүгээр элементые тэрэнэй нэрэмжээр [[флерови |флерови]] нэрлэбэ. Сүмын шэнжэлгын нэгэдэһэн институдай сүмын урбалай лаборатори Флёровой нэрэмжэтэй юм.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Brown|first=Mark|title=Two Ultraheavy Elements Added to Periodic Table|url=http://www.wired.com/wiredscience/2011/06/new-heavy-elements/|accessdate=6 June 2011|newspaper=Wired|date=6 June 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Намтар ==
Флёров [[Дондохи Ростов|Дондохи Ростовто]] түрэһэн болон Ленинградай политехникын институдые (мүнөөгэй Агууехэ Пётрын нэрэмжэтэй Санкт-Петербургын политехникын ехэ һургуули) термофизикэ ба сүмын физикэ мэргэжэлтэйгээр дүүргэбэ.

1942 оной 4 һарада агаарай сэрэгэй лейтенант байхадаа, тэрэ [[АНУ]], [[Ехэ Британи]] ба Германида сүмын задаралай шэнжэлгэ тухай һэжэглэмээр шагнанагүй гэжэ Сталинда бэшэг бэшэбэ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Kean, Sam|title=The Disappearing Spoon: And Other True Tales of Madness, Love, and the History of the World from the Periodic Table of the Elements|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Cky2x4wWvEUC&amp;pg=PT86|date=12 July 2010|publisher=Little, Brown|isbn=978-0-316-08908-1|pages=86–}}&lt;/ref&gt; Флёров &quot;дары түргэн [[Сүмын зэбсэг|уранай бомбо]] үүсхэхэ&quot; яаруулһаниинь эсэстэ Зүблэлтэ атомой бомбын түсэбдэ хүргэбэ.&lt;ref&gt;Cochran TB ''et al. (1995) [http://docs.nrdc.org/nuclear/files/nuc_01019501a_138.pdf Making the Russian bomb from Stalin to Yeltsin]. ''&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Константин Петржак|Константин Петржактай]] сугтаа 1940 ондо зүнгөөрөө болохо атомой задаралые нээбэ. Хоёр шэлжэн оролтын элементнүүд болохо [[Сиборги|сиборгиие]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite paper|journal=JETP Letters|author1=Oganesyan Yu.Ts.|author2=Tret'yakov Yu.P.|author3=M'inov A.S.|author4=Demin A.G.|author5=A.A. Pleve A.A.|author6=Tret'yakova S.P.|author7=Plotko V.M.|author8=Ivanov M.P.|author9=Danilov N.A.|author10=Korotkin Yu.S.|author11=Flerov G.N.|year=1974|title=Synthesis of neutron-deficient isotopes of fermium, kurchatovium, and element 106|volume=20|issue=8|pages=265|url=http://www.jetpletters.ac.ru/ps/1791/article_27348.shtml|bibcode=1974JETPL..20..265O}} {{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.jetpletters.ac.ru/ps/1791/article_27348.shtml |accessdate=2016-07-01 |archivedate=2014-07-14 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714231510/http://www.jetpletters.ac.ru/ps/1791/article_27348.shtml }}&lt;/ref&gt; болон [[Бори|бориие]] нээлтые гэжэ нэхэбэ мүн.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite paper|journal=JETP Letters|author1=Oganesyan Yu.Ts.|author2=Demin A.G.|author3=Danilov N.A.|author4=Ivanov M.P.|author5=Il'inov A.S.|author6=Kolesnikov N.N.|author7=Markov B.M.|author8=Plotko V.M.|author9=Tret'yakova S.P.|author10=Flerov G.N.|year=1976|title=Synthesis of neutron-deficient isotopes of fermium, kurchatovium, and element 106|volume=23|issue=5|pages=277|url=http://www.jetpletters.ac.ru/ps/1799/article_27509.shtml|bibcode=1976JETPL..23..277O}} {{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.jetpletters.ac.ru/ps/1799/article_27509.shtml |accessdate=2016-07-01 |archivedate=2014-07-14 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714212537/http://www.jetpletters.ac.ru/ps/1799/article_27509.shtml }}&lt;/ref&gt;

1957 ондо тэрэ Сүмын шэнжэлгын нэгэдэһэн институдай гол лаборатори дунда нэгэ болохо сүмын урбалай лабораториие үндэһэлжэ, 1989 он болотор тэндэ хүтэлбэрилээ. Тэрэ үедэ баһал СССР-эй Эрдэм Ухаанай Академиин эрдэм ухаанай зүблэлые толгойлоо.

== Шагналнууд ==

* Социалис Ажалай баатар (1949)
* Хоёр Ленинэй орденууд (1949, 1983)
* Октябриин Хубисхалай орден (1973)
* Ажалай Улаан Тугай орден, гурбан дахин (1959, 1963, 1975)
* Эсэгын Дайнай орден, 1 зэргэ (1985)
* Ленинэй шагнал (1967)
* Сталинай шагнал, хоёр дахин (1946, 1949)
* СССР-эй гүрэнэй шагнал (1975)
* Дубнын хүндэтэ хотынхин

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Категори:Оросой эрдэмтэд]]</text>
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    <title>COVID-19-дэ эсэргүү вакцинын зүбшөөрэлэй жагсаалта</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="316562" sha1="q8mb25u42nsmtdjuy55gbgvqob32hfw" xml:space="preserve">National [[regulation of therapeutic goods|regulatory authorities]] have granted emergency use authorizations for thirty-four [[COVID-19 vaccine]]s.

Nine vaccines have been approved for emergency or full use by at least one [[List of stringent regulatory authorities|stringent regulatory authority]] recognized by the [[World Health Organization]] (WHO): [[Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine|Pfizer–BioNTech]], [[Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine|Oxford–AstraZeneca]], [[Sinopharm BIBP COVID-19 vaccine|Sinopharm BIBP]], [[Moderna COVID-19 vaccine|Moderna]], [[Janssen COVID-19 vaccine|Janssen]], [[CoronaVac]], [[Covaxin]], [[Novavax COVID-19 vaccine|Novavax]] and [[Convidecia]]. Five others are under assessment by the WHO: [[Sputnik V COVID-19 vaccine|Sputnik V]], [[Sinopharm WIBP COVID-19 vaccine|Sinopharm WIBP]], [[Sanofi–GSK COVID-19 vaccine|Sanofi–GSK]] and [[SCB-2019]].&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO status&quot;&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Status of COVID-19 Vaccines within WHO EUL/PQ evaluation process|url=https://extranet.who.int/pqweb/key-resources/documents/status-covid-19-vaccines-within-who-eulpq-evaluation-process|publisher=[[World Health Organization]] (WHO)}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Specific versions of six vaccines have been authorized by the [[European Medicines Agency]] (EMA): [[Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine|Pfizer–BioNTech]], [[Janssen COVID-19 vaccine|Janssen]], [[Novavax COVID-19 vaccine|Novavax]], [[Moderna COVID-19 vaccine|Moderna]], [[Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine|Oxford–AstraZeneca]], and [[Valneva COVID-19 vaccine|Valneva]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=COVID-19 vaccines: authorised |url=https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/human-regulatory/overview/public-health-threats/coronavirus-disease-covid-19/treatments-vaccines/vaccines-covid-19/covid-19-vaccines-authorised |website=[[European Medicines Agency]] (EMA)}}&lt;/ref&gt; Specific versions of another three vaccines are under evaluation by the EMA: [[Sputnik V COVID-19 vaccine|Sputnik V]], [[CoronaVac]], and [[Sanofi–GSK COVID-19 vaccine|Sanofi–GSK]].&lt;ref name=&quot;ema.europa.eu&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=COVID-19 vaccines: under evaluation |url=https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/human-regulatory/overview/public-health-threats/coronavirus-disease-covid-19/treatments-vaccines/vaccines-covid-19/covid-19-vaccines-under-evaluation |website=[[European Medicines Agency]] (EMA)}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Note that in some countries, vaccines may be authorized solely for travel purposes. They may not be approved for the general population. For example, the [[CoronaVac]], [[Covishield]], [[Sinopharm BIBP COVID-19 vaccine|BBIBP-CorV]] and [[Covaxin]] vaccines are not part of Australia's [[COVID-19 vaccination in Australia|national vacciation program]], however, they are recognised for the purpose of travel to Australia.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=International COVID-19 vaccines recognised by Australia |url=https://www.tga.gov.au/international-covid-19-vaccines-recognised-australia |website=Therapeutic Goods Administration |publisher=Australian Government Department of Health |access-date=12 January 2022 |accessdate=25 December 2021 |archivedate=7 February 2022 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220207080016/https://www.tga.gov.au/international-covid-19-vaccines-recognised-australia }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=COVID-19 and the border - Vaccinated travellers |url=https://covid19.homeaffairs.gov.au/vaccinated-travellers#toc-0 |website=Department of Home Affairs |publisher=Australian Government Department of Home Affairs |access-date=12 January 2022 |accessdate=6 July 2022 |archivedate=14 March 2022 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220314092238/https://covid19.homeaffairs.gov.au/vaccinated-travellers#toc-0 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.smartraveller.gov.au/COVID-19/COVID-19-vaccinations#TGA-approved |website=Smartraveller |publisher=Australian Government Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade |access-date=12 January 2022|title=COVID-19 vaccinations }}&lt;/ref&gt;

{{Horizontal TOC}}

== Overview maps ==
{| class=center
|
&lt;gallery mode=&quot;nolines&quot; widths=&quot;400&quot; heights=&quot;300&quot;&gt;
File:COVID-19 RNA and DNA vaccines authorization map.svg|&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left&quot;&gt;[[RNA vaccine]]s and [[DNA vaccine]]s{{Legend|#800080|[[Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine|Pfizer–BioNTech]]}}{{Legend|#008800|[[Moderna COVID-19 vaccine|Moderna]]}}{{Legend|#008CFF|[[ZyCoV-D]]}}&lt;/div&gt;
File:COVID-19 adenovirus vaccines authorization map.svg|&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left&quot;&gt;[[Viral vector vaccine|Adenovirus vector vaccines]]{{Legend|#000088|[[Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine|Oxford–AstraZeneca]]}}{{Legend|#008800|[[Janssen COVID-19 vaccine|Janssen]]}}{{Legend|#880000|[[Sputnik V COVID-19 vaccine|Sputnik V]]}}{{Legend|#FF008C|[[Sputnik Light]]}}{{Legend|#888800|[[Convidecia]]}}&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/gallery&gt;

&lt;gallery mode=&quot;nolines&quot; widths=&quot;400&quot; heights=&quot;300&quot;&gt;
File:COVID-19 inactivated vaccines authorization map.svg|&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left&quot;&gt;[[Inactivated vaccine|Inactivated virus vaccines]]{{Legend|#008888|[[Sinopharm BIBP COVID-19 vaccine|Sinopharm BIBP]]}}{{Legend|#888800|[[CoronaVac]]}}{{Legend|#FF008C|[[Valneva COVID-19 vaccine|Valneva]]}}{{Legend|#800080|[[Covaxin]]}}{{Legend|#FF8C00|[[Sinopharm WIBP COVID-19 vaccine|Sinopharm WIBP]]}}{{Legend|#666666|Others}}&lt;/div&gt;
File:COVID-19 subunit and VLP vaccines authorization map.svg|&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left&quot;&gt;[[Subunit vaccine]]s{{Legend|#FF8C00|[[Novavax COVID-19 vaccine|Novavax]]}}{{Legend|#008CFF|[[Abdala (vaccine)|Abdala]]}}{{Legend|#008888|[[EpiVacCorona]]}}{{Legend|#8C00FF|[[ZF2001|Zifivax]]}}{{Legend|#8CFF00|[[Soberana 02]]}}{{Legend|#666666|Others}}&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/gallery&gt;
|}

== Oxford–AstraZeneca ==
&lt;section begin=&quot;oxfordauthmap&quot;/&gt;
{{infobox
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| caption          = {{leftlegend|blueviolet|Full authorization}}
{{leftlegend|dodgerblue|Emergency authorization}}
{{leftlegend|turquoise|Allowed for travel}}
{{leftlegend|limegreen|Eligible [[COVAX]] recipient}}
{{leftlegend|darkred|Usage stopped}}
}}
&lt;section end=&quot;oxfordauthmap&quot;/&gt;
The [[Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine]], sold under the brand names Vaxzevria&lt;ref name=&quot;Vaxzevria EPAR&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=Vaxzevria (previously COVID-19 Vaccine AstraZeneca) EPAR | publisher=[[European Medicines Agency]] (EMA) | url=https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/vaxzevria-previously-covid-19-vaccine-astrazeneca }}&lt;/ref&gt; and Covishield,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=4 March 2021|title=Covishield and Covaxin: What we know about India's Covid-19 vaccines|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-55748124|access-date=8 March 2021|archive-date=7 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210307222320/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-55748124|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; is a [[viral vector vaccine]]&lt;ref name=&quot;NCT044008383&quot;&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||date=26 May 2020|title=Investigating a Vaccine Against COVID-19|url=https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04400838|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011084750/https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04400838/|archive-date=11 October 2020|access-date=14 July 2020|website=[[ClinicalTrials.gov]]|publisher=[[United States National Library of Medicine]]|id=NCT04400838}}&lt;/ref&gt; produced by the British [[University of Oxford]], British-Swedish company [[AstraZeneca]], and the [[Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations|Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations&lt;wbr /&gt;]].&lt;ref name=&quot;NCT044008383&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;EudraCT-2020-001228-322&quot;&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||date=21 April 2020|title=A Phase 2/3 study to determine the efficacy, safety and immunogenicity of the candidate Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) vaccine ChAdOx1 nCoV-19|url=https://www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu/ctr-search/trial/2020-001228-32/GB|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201005201654/https://www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu/ctr-search/trial/2020-001228-32/GB|archive-date=5 October 2020|access-date=3 August 2020|website=EU Clinical Trials Register|publisher=European Union|id=[[EudraCT]] 2020-001228-32}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ISRCTN899514242&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|last1=O'Reilly|first1=Peter|date=26 May 2020|title=A Phase III study to investigate a vaccine against COVID-19|doi=10.1186/ISRCTN89951424|id=ISRCTN89951424|doi-access=free|website=ISRCTN|name-list-style=vanc}}&lt;/ref&gt; Finland, Denmark and Norway suspended the use of the Oxford–AstraZeneca vaccine due to a small number of reports of a rare blood clot disorder.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=THL temporarily suspends the use of the AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine - Press release - THL |url=https://thl.fi/en/web/thlfi-en/-/thl-temporarily-suspends-the-use-of-the-astrazeneca-covid-19-vaccine |website=Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Finland |access-date=5 December 2021 }}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Denmark continues its vaccine rollout without the COVID-19 vaccine from AstraZeneca | website=Danish Health Authority | date=14 April 2021 | url=https://www.sst.dk/en/english/news/2021/denmark-continues-its-vaccine-rollout-without-the-covid-19-vaccine-from-astrazeneca | access-date=31 July 2021 | quote=That is why it is important to emphasise that it is still an approved vaccine. | accessdate=6 October 2021 | archivedate=31 July 2021 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210731185815/https://www.sst.dk/en/english/news/2021/denmark-continues-its-vaccine-rollout-without-the-covid-19-vaccine-from-astrazeneca }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Peltier |first1=Elian |title=Denmark says it's permanently stopping use of the AstraZeneca vaccine. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/04/14/world/europe/denmark-astrazeneca-vaccine.html |work=The New York Times |date=14 April 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||last=omsorgsdepartementet|first=Helse-og|date=12 May 2021|title=AstraZeneca-vaksinen tas ut av koronavaksinasjons-programmet|url=https://www.regjeringen.no/no/aktuelt/astrazeneca-vaksinen-tas-ut-av-koronavaksinasjonsprogrammet/id2849494/|access-date=12 May 2021|website=Regjeringen.no|language=no}}&lt;/ref&gt; Slovakia suspended its use after the death of a predisposed recipient.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Slovakia suspends use of AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine as a recipient dies |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/healthcare-pharmaceuticals/slovakia-halting-use-astrazeneca-covid-vaccine-first-doses-2021-05-11/ |access-date=23 June 2021 |date=11 May 2021 |work=Reuters |location=Prague}}&lt;/ref&gt; South Africa suspended its use because a small trial found only minimal protection against mild to moderate disease from the locally predominant [[SARS-CoV-2 Beta variant|Beta variant]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=South Africa sells AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccines to other African countries |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-safrica-vaccine-idUSKBN2BD0K4 |access-date=23 June 2021 |work=Reuters |date=21 March 2021 |location=Johannesburg}}&lt;/ref&gt; Japan approved the vaccine for emergency use in May 2021, but did not plan to use them immediately because of rare cases of a blood clotting disorder reported overseas.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news | title = Japan to donate millions more AstraZeneca vaccine doses across Asia | date = 25 June 2021 | url = https://english.kyodonews.net/news/2021/06/082ff96b4bdb-japan-to-donate-millions-more-astrazeneca-vaccines-across-asia.html | work = Kyodo News }}&lt;/ref&gt; Later, Japan started to use the vaccine for people aged 40 or over to mitigate the surge of the [[SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant|Delta variant]] in August.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=4 August 2021|title=Japan to give COVID-19 emergency areas AstraZeneca vaccine|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2021/08/04/national/japan-give-covid-19-emergency-areas-astrazeneca-vaccine/|access-date=28 August 2021|website=The Japan Times|accessdate=6 October 2021|archivedate=28 August 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210828022422/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2021/08/04/national/japan-give-covid-19-emergency-areas-astrazeneca-vaccine/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Finland ceased use of the vaccine as the last batch expired on 30 November 2021. Until then it was only offered for those aged 65 or more due to extremely rare coagulation disorders among younger recipients of the vaccine. After this Finland will not procure more of the vaccine.&lt;ref name=&quot;thl.fi&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Suspension of AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccines for those under the age of 65 extended – THL evaluating how it affects the vaccination programme - Press release - THL |url=https://thl.fi/en/web/thlfi-en/-/suspension-of-astrazeneca-covid-19-vaccines-for-those-under-the-age-of-65-extended-thl-evaluating-how-it-affects-the-vaccination-programme |website=Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Finland |access-date=5 December 2021 |accessdate=25 December 2021 |archivedate=5 December 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211205163524/https://thl.fi/en/web/thlfi-en/-/suspension-of-astrazeneca-covid-19-vaccines-for-those-under-the-age-of-65-extended-thl-evaluating-how-it-affects-the-vaccination-programme }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Use of AstraZeneca coronavirus vacc&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Use of AstraZeneca coronavirus vaccine to end in Finland in November - News - THL |url=https://thl.fi/en/web/thlfi-en/-/use-of-astrazeneca-coronavirus-vaccine-to-end-in-finland-in-november |website=Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Finland |access-date=5 December 2021 |accessdate=25 December 2021 |archivedate=5 December 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211205155743/https://thl.fi/en/web/thlfi-en/-/use-of-astrazeneca-coronavirus-vaccine-to-end-in-finland-in-november }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Adenovirus vaccines: FAQ - THL&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Adenovirus vaccines: FAQ - THL |url=https://thl.fi/en/web/infectious-diseases-and-vaccinations/what-s-new/coronavirus-covid-19-latest-updates/vaccines-and-coronavirus/adenovirus-vaccines-faq |website=Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Finland |access-date=3 December 2021 |accessdate=25 December 2021 |archivedate=3 December 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211203222207/https://thl.fi/en/web/infectious-diseases-and-vaccinations/what-s-new/coronavirus-covid-19-latest-updates/vaccines-and-coronavirus/adenovirus-vaccines-faq }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Getting vaccinated against COVID-19&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Getting vaccinated against COVID-19: how, why and when? - THL |url=https://thl.fi/en/web/infectious-diseases-and-vaccinations/what-s-new/coronavirus-covid-19-latest-updates/vaccines-and-coronavirus/getting-vaccinated-against-covid-19-how-why-and-when- |website=Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Finland |access-date=3 December 2021 |accessdate=25 December 2021 |archivedate=14 March 2022 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220314032806/https://thl.fi/en/web/infectious-diseases-and-vaccinations/what-s-new/coronavirus-covid-19-latest-updates/vaccines-and-coronavirus/getting-vaccinated-against-covid-19-how-why-and-when- }}&lt;/ref&gt; The AstraZeneca vaccine is the most widely accepted internationally,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=23 July 2021|title=Which covid-19 vaccine is the most widely accepted for international travel?|url=https://www.economist.com/graphic-detail/2021/07/20/which-covid-19-vaccine-is-the-most-widely-accepted-for-international-travel|access-date=11 June 2022|newspaper=The Economist}}&lt;/ref&gt; and the most popular in terms of total inoculated worldwide, over 1.3 billion.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=21 October 2021|title=India celebrates 1 billion COVID-19 vaccine doses with song and dance|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/india/india-celebrates-1-bln-covid-19-vaccine-doses-with-song-film-2021-10-21/|access-date=11 June 2022|website=REUTERS}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=29 July 2021|title=Oxford vaccine reaches one billion doses released|url=https://www.ox.ac.uk/news/2021-07-29-oxford-vaccine-reaches-one-billion-doses-released|access-date=11 June 2022|website=University of Oxford}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=16 November 2021|title=Two billion doses of AstraZeneca's COVID-19 vaccine supplied to countries across the world less than 12 months after first approval|url=https://www.astrazeneca.com/media-centre/press-releases/2021/two-billion-doses-of-astrazenecas-covid-19-vaccine-supplied-to-countries-across-the-world-less-than-12-months-after-first-approval.html|access-date=11 June 2022|website=AstraZeneca}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=8 June 2022|title=Vaxzevria COVID-19 Vaccine (AstraZeneca)|url=https://www.precisionvaccinations.com/vaccines/vaxzevria-covid-19-vaccine-astrazeneca|access-date=11 June 2022|website=precisionvaccinations.com|accessdate=6 July 2022|archivedate=26 June 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220626080401/https://www.precisionvaccinations.com/vaccines/vaxzevria-covid-19-vaccine-astrazeneca}}&lt;/ref&gt; The AstraZeneca vaccine is administered in more countries than any other vaccine.&lt;ref name=&quot;covid.cdc.gov&quot;&gt;{{cite web|date=9 June 2022|title=Where are Vaccines (Company and Brand) Administered Globally?|url=https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#global-vaccinations|access-date=13 June 2022|website=CDC Covid Data Tracker}}&lt;/ref&gt;

;Full (&lt;section begin=&quot;Oxford–AstraZeneca_FN&quot;/&gt;5&lt;section end=&quot;Oxford–AstraZeneca_FN&quot;/&gt;)
# Australia&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=16 February 2021|title=AstraZeneca coronavirus vaccine approved for use in Australia by TGA|newspaper=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]] (Australia)|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-02-16/coronavirus-astrazeneca-vaccine-approved-for-use-in-australia/13115784|access-date=16 February 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||date=16 February 2021|title=TGA provisionally approves AstraZeneca's COVID-19 vaccine|url=https://www.tga.gov.au/media-release/tga-provisionally-approves-astrazenecas-covid-19-vaccine|access-date=16 February 2021|publisher=[[Therapeutic Goods Administration]] (TGA)}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Brazil&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=12 March 2021|title=Brazil grants full approval to Oxford vaccine, orders Sputnik|publisher=[[France 24]]|agency=[[Agence France-Presse]]|location=Brasilia|url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20210312-brazil-grants-full-approval-to-oxford-vaccine-orders-sputnik|access-date=13 March 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Canada&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Regulatory Decision Summary - Vaxzevria | website=[[Health Canada]] | url=https://covid-vaccine.canada.ca/info/regulatory-decision-summary-detail.html?linkID=RDS00889 | access-date=26 November 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# India&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|last1=Sharma|first1=Milan|last2=Mordani|first2=Sneha|date=27 January 2022|title=Covaxin, Covishield granted market approval in India but conditions apply|work=[[India Today]]|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/coronavirus-outbreak/vaccine-updates/story/covaxin-covishield-granted-regular-market-approval-india-1905218-2022-01-27|access-date=29 January 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Israel&lt;ref name=&quot;covid.cdc.gov&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=18 October 2021|title=Israel to offer AstraZeneca vaccines starting Thursday|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/israel-to-offer-astrazeneca-vaccines-starting-thursday/|access-date=13 June 2022|website=The Times of Israel}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=31 May 2022|title=Vaccines &quot;Three vaccines have been approved for use in Israel for protection from coronavirus, by Pfizer, Moderna and AstraZeneca.&quot;|url=https://corona.health.gov.il/en/vaccine-for-covid/fully-vaccinated/|access-date=13 June 2022|website=Vaccines - Corona Traffic Light Model (Ramzor) Website}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{{-}}

;Emergency (&lt;section begin=&quot;Oxford–AstraZeneca_EN&quot; /&gt;170&lt;section end=&quot;Oxford–AstraZeneca_EN&quot; /&gt;)
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top: 0.3em; column-width: 15em;&quot;&gt;
# Afghanistan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Sediqi|first=Abdul Qadir|date=7 February 2021|title=First doses of COVID-19 vaccine arrive in Afghanistan from India|publisher=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/health-coronavirus-afghanistan-vaccine-idUSKBN2A707M|access-date=24 February 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=India donates 500,000 COVID vaccines to Afghanistan|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/2/8/afghanistan-gets-first-doses-of-covid-19-vaccine-from-india|access-date=24 February 2021|publisher=Al Jazeera}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Albania&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
# Algeria&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||last=Kreo|title=البلاد الوطني / وزارة الصناعات الصيدلانية ترخص باستعمال لقاح &quot;أسترا زينيكا -أوكسفورد &quot; المضاد لكورونا|url=http://elbilad.net/article/detail?id=113247|access-date=1 April 2021|website=elbilad.net|language=AR}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Andorra&lt;ref name=&quot;Andorra vaccines&quot; /&gt;
# Angola&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||last=AfricaNews|date=3 March 2021|time=CET13:13:37+01:00|title=Angola begins Covid immunization fight with COVAX vaccines|url=https://www.africanews.com/2021/03/03/angola-begins-covid-immunization-fight-with-covax-vaccines/|access-date=14 April 2021|website=Africanews}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Argentina&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=30 December 2020|title=Argentine regulator approves AstraZeneca/Oxford COVID-19 vaccine|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-argentina-astrazen/argentine-regulator-approves-astrazeneca-oxford-covid-19-vaccine-astrazeneca-idUSKBN29421P|access-date=30 December 2020|publisher=Reuters}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Armenia&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Armenia Scraps Restrictions For AstraZeneca Vaccine |url=https://www.azatutyun.am/a/31226006.html |website=«Ազատ Եվրոպա/Ազատություն» ռադիոկայան |language=hy}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Azerbaijan&lt;ref name=&quot;cdctracker&quot;/&gt;
# Bahrain&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||date=25 January 2021|title=Bahrain approves Oxford/AstraZeneca coronavirus vaccine produced in India|url=http://saudigazette.com.sa/article/602862|access-date=30 January 2021|website=Saudigazette}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Bangladesh&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Oxford University-Astrazeneca vaccine: Bangladesh okays it for emergency use|url=https://www.thedailystar.net/frontpage/news/oxford-university-astrazeneca-vaccine-bangladesh-okays-it-emergency-use-2022381|access-date=6 January 2021|website=[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)|The Daily Star]]|date=4 January 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Bangladesh approves Oxford-AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/asia-pacific/bangladesh-approves-oxford-astrazeneca-covid-19-vaccine/2099147|access-date=6 January 2021|website=aa.com.tr}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Benin&lt;ref name=&quot;cdctracker&quot;/&gt;
# Bhutan&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Bhutan receives 400,000 doses of COVID-19 vaccine from India |url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/asiapacific/2021-03/22/c_139827645.htm|access-date=1 April 2021|publisher=Xinhuanet}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Bhutan begins biggest vaccination drive against COVID-19|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asia/bhutan-begins-biggest-covid-19-vaccination-drive-astrazeneca-14504644|access-date=1 April 2021|website=CNA}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Bolivia&lt;ref name=&quot;cdctracker&quot;/&gt;
# Bosnia and Herzegovina&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;
# Botswana&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Botswana starts COVID-19 vaccine rollout |url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2021-03/26/c_139838942.htm|access-date=1 April 2021|publisher=Xinhuanet}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Brunei&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;/&gt;
# Burkina Faso&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
# Cambodia&lt;ref name=&quot;cdctracker&quot;/&gt;
# Cameroon&lt;ref name=&quot;cdctracker&quot;/&gt;
# Cape Verde&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=COVID-19 vaccines sent by COVAX arrive in Cabo Verde |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/cabo-verde/covid-19-vaccines-sent-covax-arrive-cabo-verde|access-date=17 April 2021|website=ReliefWeb}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Central African Republic&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
# Chile&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile|url=https://www.ispch.cl/noticia/isp-aprueba-la-tercera-vacuna-para-combatir-covid-19/|access-date=1 April 2021|language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Colombia&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Colombia approves emergency use of AstraZeneca coronavirus vaccine |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-colombia-idUSKBN2AO01A|publisher=Reuters|access-date=22 March 2021|location=Bogotá|date=23 February 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Comoros&lt;ref name=&quot;cdctracker&quot;/&gt;
# Congo-Brazzaville&lt;ref name=&quot;cdctracker&quot;/&gt;
# Congo-Kinshasa&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=More than 1.7 million COVID-19 vaccines arrive in the Democratic Republic of Congo|url=https://www.unicef.org/press-releases/more-17-million-covid-19-vaccines-arrive-democratic-republic-congo|access-date=25 April 2021|website=www.unicef.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Costa Rica&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Costa Rica approves use of AstraZeneca's COVID-19 vaccine |url=https://qcostarica.com/costa-rica-approves-use-of-astrazenecas-covid-19-vaccine/ |website=Q COSTA RICA |date=9 April 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Djibouti&lt;ref name=&quot;cdctracker&quot;/&gt;
# Dominican Republic&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=31 December 2020|title=La República Dominicana aprueba la vacuna de AstraZeneca contra la covid-19|language=es|work=Agencia EFE|url=https://www.efe.com/efe/america/sociedad/la-republica-dominicana-aprueba-vacuna-de-astrazeneca-contra-covid-19/20000013-4431079}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# East Timor&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||date=1 April 2021|title=First vaccines for East Timor arrive in Dili on Monday – LUSA|url=https://covid19.gov.tl/en/first-vaccines-for-east-timor-arrive-in-dili-on-monday-lusa/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210402144040/https://covid19.gov.tl/en/first-vaccines-for-east-timor-arrive-in-dili-on-monday-lusa/|archive-date=2 April 2021|website=COVID-19 Timor-Leste Dashboard}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Ecuador&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=24 January 2021|title=Ecuador approves use of AstraZeneca vaccine for COVID-19|publisher=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/health-coronavirus-ecuador-astrazeneca-idUSL1N2JZ0HC|access-date=30 January 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Egypt&lt;ref name=&quot;Gulf News&quot;/&gt;
# El Salvador&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=30 December 2020|title=El Salvador greenlights AstraZeneca, Oxford University COVID-19 vaccine|publisher=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-el-salvador-vaccin/el-salvador-greenlights-astrazeneca-oxford-university-covid-19-vaccine-idINKBN2942HQ}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Eswatini&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Eswatini launches nationwide COVID-19 vaccination campaign|url=https://www.afro.who.int/news/eswatini-launches-nationwide-covid-19-vaccination-campaign|access-date=1 April 2021|publisher=[[World Health Organization]] (WHO) }}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Ethiopia&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Ethiopia begins COVID-19 vaccine rollout|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/africa/ethiopia-begins-covid-19-vaccine-rollout/2174904|access-date=19 March 2021|website=aa.com.tr}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Ethiopia introduces COVID-19 vaccine in a national launching ceremony|url=https://www.afro.who.int/news/ethiopia-introduces-covid-19-vaccine-national-launching-ceremony|access-date=19 March 2021|website=[[World Health Organization]] (WHO)}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=9 February 2021|title=Ethiopia says it has secured 9 million doses of COVID-19 vaccines till April|publisher=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-ethiopia-idUSKBN2A916S|access-date=19 March 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Fiji&lt;ref name=&quot;cdctracker&quot;/&gt;
# Gambia&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=The Arrival of COVAX vaccines Raises Hope in The Gambia|url=https://www.afro.who.int/news/arrival-covax-vaccines-raises-hope-gambia|access-date=19 March 2021|website=[[World Health Organization]] (WHO)}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Georgia&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Georgia to receive first doses of COVID-19 vaccine in early March instead of February|url=https://agenda.ge/en/news/2021/477|access-date=22 March 2021|website=Agenda.ge}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Ghana&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Welcome to Ghana Food And Drug Authority |url=http://fdaghana.gov.gh/news-media.php?page=78|access-date=1 April 2021|website=fdaghana.gov.gh}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Guatemala&lt;ref name=&quot;auto3&quot;/&gt;
# Guinea-Bissau&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Today, 28,800 doses of COVID-19 vaccine arrive in Bissau |url=https://www.unicef.org/guineabissau/press-releases/today-28800-doses-covid-19-vaccine-arrive-bissau |website=www.unicef.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Guinea&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
# Honduras&lt;ref name=&quot;cdctracker&quot;/&gt;
# Indonesia&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=BPOM Terbitkan Izin Penggunaan Darurat Vaksin Covid-19 AstraZeneca|url=https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2021/03/09/12124611/bpom-terbitkan-izin-penggunaan-darurat-vaksin-covid-19-astrazeneca|access-date=10 February 2021|website=Kompas}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Iran&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=17 February 2021|title=Iran issues permit for emergency use for three other COVID-19 vaccines: Official|url=https://en.irna.ir/news/84233593/Iran-issues-permit-for-emergency-use-for-three-other-COVID-19|access-date=1 April 2021|website=IRNA English}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Iraq&lt;ref name=&quot;bignewsnetwork.com&quot;&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Iraq approves Sinopharm, AstraZeneca vaccines|url=https://www.bignewsnetwork.com/news/267583081/iraq-approves-sinopharm-astrazeneca-vaccines|access-date=30 January 2021|website=Big News Network}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Ivory Coast&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=1 March 2021|title=Covax: Ivory Coast and Ghana begin mass Covid vaccination rollouts|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-56239136|access-date=19 March 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Japan&lt;ref name=&quot;jp&quot;&gt;{{cite news | title=Japan Approves Moderna, AstraZeneca Coronavirus Vaccines | website=Bloomberg | date=20 May 2021 | url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-05-20/japan-approves-moderna-astra-covid-shots-report-says | access-date=2 July 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Jordan&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=COVAX roll-out - Jordan|url=https://www.gavi.org/covax-vaccine-roll-out/jordan|access-date=14 May 2021|website=www.gavi.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Kenya&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Kenya Receives 1M Vaccine Doses, Will Distribute to Health Workers First |url=https://www.voanews.com/covid-19-pandemic/kenya-receives-1m-vaccine-doses-will-distribute-health-workers-first|access-date=19 March 2021|publisher=Voice of America}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Kiribati&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
# Kosovo&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||date=29 March 2021|title=Kosovo receives first COVID-19 vaccines through Covax scheme|url=https://www.euronews.com/2021/03/29/kosovo-receives-first-covid-19-vaccines-through-covax-programme|access-date=14 April 2021|website=euronews}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Kosovo PM Becomes Nation's First Person To Receive COVID-19 Vaccine|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/kosovo-covid-vaccines-immunization-last-europe-astrazeneca-covax/31174048.html|access-date=14 April 2021|website=RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Kuwait&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||last=Godinho|first=Varun|date=31 January 2021|title=Kuwait authorises emergency use of Oxford-AstraZeneca Covid-19 vaccine|url=https://gulfbusiness.com/kuwait-authorises-emergency-use-of-oxford-astrazeneca-covid-19-vaccine/|access-date=1 April 2021|website=Gulf Business}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Kyrgyzstan&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
# Laos&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
# Lebanon&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Lebanon Received 33600 Doses of The AstraZeneca Vaccine as First Batch|url=https://www.moph.gov.lb/en/Drugs/index/0/48177/page:3/sort:Drug.brand_name/direction:ASC|website=Ministry of Public Health of Lebanon}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Lesotho&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Lesotho receives 1st batch of COVID-19 vaccines|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/africa/lesotho-receives-1st-batch-of-covid-19-vaccines/2164388|access-date=19 March 2021|website=aa.com.tr}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Liberia&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=96,000 Doses of COVID-19 Vaccine Arrives in Liberia|url=https://www.afro.who.int/news/96000-doses-covid-19-vaccine-arrives-liberia|access-date=11 April 2021|publisher=[[World Health Organization]] (WHO)}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Libya&lt;ref name=&quot;auto4&quot;&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Libya kicks off delayed COVID-19 vaccination drive|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/4/10/libya-launches-covid-19-vaccination-drive-after-delays|access-date=25 April 2021|website=Al Jazeera}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;auto5&quot;&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=57,600 COVID-19 vaccine doses received today in Tripoli, Libya|url=https://reliefweb.int/report/libya/57600-covid-19-vaccine-doses-received-today-tripoli|access-date=25 April 2021|website=ReliefWeb}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Madagascar&lt;ref name=&quot;cdctracker&quot;/&gt;
# Malawi&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Malawi to receive COVID-19 vaccines in late February – Xinhua |url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2021-02/02/c_139716241.htm|access-date=19 March 2021|publisher=Xinhuanet}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Malawi Sticks to AstraZeneca Despite Concerns Over Efficacy |url=https://www.voanews.com/covid-19-pandemic/malawi-sticks-astrazeneca-despite-concerns-over-efficacy|access-date=19 March 2021|publisher=Voice of America}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Malaysia&lt;ref name=&quot;MYS approves&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last1=Sipalan|first1=Joseph|last2=Donovan|first2=Kirsten|date=3 March 2021|title=Malaysia approves Sinovac, AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccines for use|agency=Reuters|url=https://www.msn.com/en-au/lifestyle/wellbeing/malaysia-approves-sinovac-astrazeneca-covid-19-vaccines-for-use/ar-BB1e9q01|access-date=7 March 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Maldives&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Maldives starts training healthcare workers on COVID-19 vaccine distribution – Xinhua |url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2021-01/23/c_139691718.htm|access-date=19 February 2021|publisher=Xinhuanet}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Mali&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||last=AfricaNews|date=6 March 2021 |title=Mali receives first batch of COVID-19 vaccines|url=https://www.africanews.com/2021/03/06/mali-receives-first-batch-of-covid-19-vaccines/|access-date=1 April 2021|website=Africanews}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Mauritania&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
# Mauritius&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||last=AfricaNews|date=26 January 2021|title=Mauritius begins vaccinating frontline health workers against covid-19|url=https://www.africanews.com/2021/01/26/mauritius-begins-vaccinating-frontline-health-workers-against-covid-19/|access-date=24 February 2021|website=Africanews}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Mexico&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=5 January 2021|title=Mexico approves AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine, minister says|publisher=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-mexico-vaccine-idUSKBN29A04O|access-date=14 January 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Micronesia&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
# Moldova&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;
# Mongolia&lt;ref name=&quot;news.mn&quot;&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||date=11 January 2021|title=Mongolia approved three Covid-19 vaccines |url=https://news.mn/en/795048/|access-date=1 April 2021|website=News.MN}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Montenegro&lt;ref name=&quot;cdctracker&quot;/&gt;
# Morocco&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=7 January 2021|title=Morocco approves AstraZeneca/Oxford COVID-19 vaccine – Minister|publisher=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-health-coronavirus-morocco-idUSKBN29C0QA|access-date=22 March 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Mozambique&lt;ref name=&quot;cdctracker&quot;/&gt;
# Myanmar&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=27 January 2021|title=Myanmar launches nationwide COVID-19 vaccination program|website=Xinhua News|url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2021-01/27/c_139700809.htm|accessdate=7 July 2021|archivedate=27 January 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127163302/http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2021-01/27/c_139700809.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Namibia&lt;ref name=&quot;mhss.gov.na&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://mhss.gov.na/documents/119527/775250/SKM_36721030413220.pdf/7a4534bb-022f-46e4-9113-571432290194|title=Importation of COVID-19 Vaccines into Namibia for Public Use and Guidance on Administration of Vaccines by Private Health Care Providers|date=31 March 2021|website=Republic of Namibia Ministry of Health and Social Services|others=Public Notice No.: 05/032021|accessdate=7 July 2021|archivedate=22 April 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422075829/https://mhss.gov.na/documents/119527/775250/SKM_36721030413220.pdf/7a4534bb-022f-46e4-9113-571432290194}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Nauru&lt;ref name=Reliefweb&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Samoa receives 24,000 doses of COVID-19 vaccines through the COVAX facility - Samoa|url=https://reliefweb.int/report/samoa/samoa-receives-24000-doses-covid-19-vaccines-through-covax-facility|access-date=7 June 2021|website=ReliefWeb}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Nepal&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=15 January 2021|title=Nepal approves AstraZeneca COVID vaccine for emergency use – government statement|publisher=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/health-coronavirus-nepal/nepal-approves-astrazeneca-covid-vaccine-for-emergency-use-government-statement-idUSKBN29K140}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# New Zealand&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
# Nicaragua&lt;ref name=&quot;cdctracker&quot;/&gt;
# Niger&lt;ref name=&quot;cdctracker&quot;/&gt;
# Nigeria&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Wetin we sabi about NAFDAC approval of Oxford AstraZeneca vaccine use for Nigeria|publisher=BBC News Pidgin|url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/media-56084858|access-date=24 February 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# North Macedonia&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Сѐ за вакцините |url=https://kovid19vakcinacija.mk/za-vakcinite/ |website=Официјална веб-страница за вакцинација против КОВИД19 |language=mk-MK |accessdate=2021-07-07 |archivedate=2021-05-03 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210503232352/https://kovid19vakcinacija.mk/za-vakcinite/ }}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Oman&lt;ref name=&quot;cdctracker&quot;/&gt;
# Pakistan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=16 January 2021|title=Pakistan approves AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine for emergency use|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-pakistan-astrazene/pakistan-approves-astrazeneca-covid-19-vaccine-for-emergency-use-idUKKBN29L0DO}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Palestine&lt;ref name=&quot;cdctracker&quot;/&gt;
# Panama&lt;ref name=&quot;cdctracker&quot;/&gt;
# Papua New Guinea&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||date=30 March 2021|title=PNG prime minister first to be vaccinated with Australian-supplied doses 'to show it's safe'|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/mar/30/png-prime-minister-first-to-be-vaccinated-with-australian-supplied-doses-to-show-its-safe|access-date=1 April 2021|website=The Guardian}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||date=17 March 2021|title=Australia gives Covid-19 vaccine doses to hard-hit Papua New Guinea|url=https://www.france24.com/en/asia-pacific/20210317-australia-gives-covid-19-vaccine-doses-to-hard-hit-papua-new-guinea|access-date=1 April 2021|publisher=France 24}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Paraguay&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
# Peru&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=DIGEMID |url=http://www.digemid.minsa.gob.pe/main.asp?Seccion=1065 |website=www.digemid.minsa.gob.pe |language=es |access-date=2 May 2021 |archive-date=7 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210507204150/http://www.digemid.minsa.gob.pe/main.asp?Seccion=1065 |url-status=dead |accessdate=7 July 2021 |archivedate=7 May 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210507204150/http://www.digemid.minsa.gob.pe/main.asp?Seccion=1065 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Philippines&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=28 January 2021|title=Philippine regulator approves emergency use of AstraZeneca vaccine|publisher=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-philippines-vaccin-idUSKBN29X0CY|access-date=28 January 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Qatar&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
# Rwanda&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Rwanda receives COVID-19 Vaccines through COVAX|url=https://www.afro.who.int/news/rwanda-receives-covid-19-vaccines-through-covax|access-date=19 March 2021|website=[[World Health Organization]] (WHO)}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Samoa&lt;ref name=Reliefweb /&gt;
# São Tomé and Príncipe&lt;ref name=&quot;cdctracker&quot;/&gt;
# Saudi Arabia&lt;ref name=&quot;gulfnews.com&quot; /&gt;
# Senegal&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
# Serbia&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=21 February 2021|title=Serbia receives first shipment of AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine|publisher=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/health-coronavirus-serbia-vaccines-idUSL1N2KR03M|access-date=19 March 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Seychelles&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Bhattacherjee|first=Kallol|date=22 January 2021|title=Coronavirus {{!}} Myanmar, Mauritius, Seychelles receive Covishield vaccine|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/coronavirus-myanmar-mauritius-seychelles-receive-covishield-vaccine/article33638057.ece|access-date=1 April 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Sierra Leone&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=COVID-19 vaccines shipped by COVAX arrive in Sierra Leone|url=https://www.afro.who.int/news/covid-19-vaccines-shipped-covax-arrive-sierra-leone|access-date=19 March 2021|website=[[World Health Organization]] (WHO)}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Singapore&lt;ref name=&quot;channelnewsasia.com&quot;&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Those who opt for Sinovac, other vaccines under WHO emergency list to be considered fully vaccinated |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/sinovac-vaccine-covid19-sinopharm-astrazeneca-fully-vaccinated-2096576 |access-date=6 August 2021 |work=CNA |date=6 August 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''(restricted)''
# Solomon Islands&lt;ref name=&quot;cdctracker&quot;/&gt;
# Somalia&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Somalia Receives Its First Batch of COVID-19 Vaccines |url=https://www.voanews.com/covid-19-pandemic/somalia-receives-its-first-batch-covid-19-vaccines|access-date=1 April 2021|publisher=Voice of America}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# South Korea&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last1=Kim|first1=Han-joo|date=10 February 2021|title=S. Korea approves AstraZeneca's COVID-19 vaccine for all adults|publisher=Yonhap News |url=https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20210210006351320|access-date=10 February 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last1=Maresca|first1=Thomas|date=10 February 2021|title=South Korea approves AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine|publisher=United Press International|url=https://www.upi.com/Top_News/World-News/2021/02/10/South-Korea-approves-AstraZeneca-COVID-19-vaccine/4231612945438/|access-date=10 February 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# South Sudan&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=COVID-19 vaccination kicks-off in South Sudan|url=https://www.afro.who.int/news/covid-19-vaccination-kicks-south-sudan|access-date=14 April 2021|publisher=[[World Health Organization]] (WHO)}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Sri Lanka&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||date=22 January 2021|title=Sri Lanka approves vaccine amid warnings of virus spread|url=https://apnews.com/article/sri-lanka-coronavirus-pandemic-340488c48ab372050825e70e057dd294|access-date=22 January 2021|publisher=Associated Press}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Sudan&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=COVID-19 vaccination in Sudan|url=https://www.unicef.org/sudan/stories/covid-19-vaccination-sudan|access-date=19 March 2021|website=[[UNICEF]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Sudan receives first delivery of COVID-19 vaccines with over 800,000 doses|url=https://www.unicef.org/press-releases/sudan-receives-first-delivery-covid-19-vaccines-over-800000-doses|access-date=19 March 2021|website=[[UNICEF]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Syria&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
# Taiwan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=20 February 2021|title=Taiwan grants emergency authorisation for AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-taiwan-idUSKBN2AK05R|access-date=13 March 2021|publisher=Reuters}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Tajikistan&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Tajikistan becomes first country in Central Asia to receive COVID-19 vaccine through COVAX Facility|url=https://www.unicef.org/tajikistan/press-releases/tajikistan-becomes-first-country-central-asia-receive-covid-19-vaccine-through-0|access-date=14 April 2021|website=unicef.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Thailand&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||date=23 January 2021|title=Thai Food and Drug registers COVID-19 vaccine developed by AstraZeneca|url=https://www.pattayamail.com/thailandnews/thai-food-and-drug-registers-covid-19-vaccine-developed-by-astrazeneca-341186|website=Pattaya Mail}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Togo&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||last=First|first=Togo|title=Covid-19: First vaccination campaign to soon begin|url=https://www.togofirst.com/en/health/1602-7300-covid-19-first-vaccination-campaign-to-soon-begin|access-date=19 March 2021|website=togofirst}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Tonga&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Over 500 people given first COVID-19 vaccine shot in Tonga – Xinhua |url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/asiapacific/2021-04/16/c_139885080.htm|access-date=25 April 2021|website=xinhuanet}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||date=16 April 2021|title=Tonga's Princess takes the lead on Covid-19 vaccination|url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/440580/tonga-s-princess-takes-the-lead-on-covid-19-vaccination|access-date=25 April 2021|website=RNZ}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Kingdom of Tonga receives 24,000 doses of COVID-19 vaccines through the COVAX facility|url=https://www.who.int/westernpacific/about/how-we-work/pacific-support/news/detail/31-03-2021-kingdom-of-tonga-receives-24-000-doses-of-covid-19-vaccines-through-the-covax-facility|access-date=25 April 2021|publisher=[[World Health Organization]] (WHO)}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Tunisia&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
# Turkmenistan&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard |url=https://covid19.who.int/ |publisher=[[World Health Organization]] (WHO) }}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Tuvalu&lt;ref name=&quot;Reliefweb&quot;/&gt;
# Uganda&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||last=AfricaNews|date=10 March 2021|title=Uganda starts COVID-19 vaccinations|url=https://www.africanews.com/2021/03/10/uganda-starts-covid-19-vaccinations/|access-date=19 March 2021|website=Africanews}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Ukraine&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=COVID-19: AstraZeneca vaccine certified for use in Ukraine|url=https://covid.unian.info/covid-19-astrazeneca-vaccine-certified-for-use-in-ukraine-11330906.html|access-date=10 March 2021|website=covid.unian.info}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# United Arab Emirates&lt;ref name=&quot;cdctracker&quot;/&gt;
# United Kingdom&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||date=30 December 2020|title=Information for Healthcare Professionals on COVID-19 Vaccine AstraZeneca|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/regulatory-approval-of-covid-19-vaccine-astrazeneca/information-for-healthcare-professionals-on-covid-19-vaccine-astrazeneca|access-date=4 January 2021|website=[[Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency]] (MHRA)}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite press release|title=Oxford University/AstraZeneca vaccine authorised by UK medicines regulator|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/oxford-universityastrazeneca-vaccine-authorised-by-uk-medicines-regulator|publisher=Department of Health and Social Care|access-date=30 December 2020|date=30 December 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||date=30 December 2020|title=Conditions of Authorisation for COVID-19 Vaccine AstraZeneca|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/regulatory-approval-of-covid-19-vaccine-astrazeneca/conditions-of-authorisation-for-covid-19-vaccine-astrazeneca|access-date=4 January 2021|website=[[Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency]] (MHRA)}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Uruguay&lt;ref name=&quot;cdctracker&quot;/&gt;
# Uzbekistan&lt;ref name=&quot;cdctracker&quot;/&gt;
# Vanuatu&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
# Vietnam&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Vietnam approves AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine, cuts short Communist Party congress|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asia/vietnam-approves-astrazeneca-vaccine-reports-34-new-covid-19-14074712|access-date=5 February 2021|website=CNA}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Yemen&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Yemen receives 360,000 COVID-19 vaccine doses through the COVAX Facility|url=https://www.unicef.org/press-releases/yemen-receives-360000-covid-19-vaccine-doses-through-covax-facility|access-date=7 June 2021|website=www.unicef.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Zambia&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|date=25 March 2021|title=Zambia sets out plans to vaccinate all people over 18 against COVID-19|publisher=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-zambia-vaccine-idUSKBN2BH2NS|access-date=17 April 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Zambia launches the COVID-19 vaccination|url=https://reliefweb.int/report/zambia/zambia-launches-covid-19-vaccination|access-date=17 April 2021|website=ReliefWeb}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot;&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Zambia gets 1st 228,000 vaccine doses from COVAX|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/latest-on-coronavirus-outbreak/zambia-gets-1st-228-000-vaccine-doses-from-covax/2206521|access-date=17 April 2021|website=aa.com.tr}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Zimbabwe&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
'''{{nowrap|[[European Medicines Agency|EMA]] countries}}'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Vaxzevria EPAR&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;EU Marketing authorisation&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Vaxzevria | website=Union Register of medicinal products | url=https://ec.europa.eu/health/documents/community-register/html/h1529.htm | access-date=26 November 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Austria
# Belgium
# Bulgaria
# Croatia
# Cyprus
# Czech Republic
# Denmark
# Estonia
# Finland
# France
# Germany
# Greece
# Hungary
# Iceland
# Ireland
# Italy
# Latvia
# Liechtenstein
# Lithuania
# Luxembourg
# Malta
# Netherlands
# Norway
# Poland
# Portugal
# Romania
# Slovakia
# Slovenia
# Spain
# Sweden
'''{{nowrap|[[Caribbean Public Health Agency|CARPHA]] countries}}'''&lt;ref name=&quot;carpha-oxford&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=CARPHA Issues its First Emergency Use Recommendation for a COVID-19 Vaccine |url=https://www.carpha.org/More/Media/Articles/ArticleID/435/CARPHA-Issues-its-First-Emergency-Use-Recommendation-for-a-COVID-19-Vaccine |website=Caribbean Public Health Agency}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Antigua and Barbuda
# Bahamas
# Barbados
# Belize
# Dominica
# Grenada
# Guyana
# Haiti
# Jamaica
# Saint Kitts and Nevis
# Saint Lucia
# Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
# Suriname&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=23 February 2021|title=Suriname begins coronavirus vaccination campaign with donated doses|publisher=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-suriname-vaccine-idUSKBN2AN2AT|access-date=28 February 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Trinidad and Tobago
&lt;!-- not counted --&gt;'''[[List of ISO 3166-1 codes|Non-country entities]]'''
* Anguilla{{efn|name=carphance|via CARPHA authorization&lt;ref name=&quot;carpha-oxford&quot;/&gt;}}
* Aruba{{efn|name=carphance}}
* British Virgin Islands{{efn|name=carphance}}
* Bermuda{{efn|name=carphance}}
* Caribbean Netherlands{{efn|name=carphance}}
* Cayman Islands{{efn|name=carphance}}
* Curaçao{{efn|name=carphance}}
* Cook Islands&lt;ref name=&quot;cdctracker&quot;/&gt;
* Falkland Islands&lt;ref name=&quot;cdctracker&quot;/&gt;
* French Polynesia&lt;ref name=&quot;cdctracker&quot;/&gt;
* Greenland&lt;ref name=&quot;NYT vaccine tracker&quot;/&gt;
* Guadeloupe&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
* Guernsey&lt;ref name=&quot;cdctracker&quot;/&gt;
* Isle of Man&lt;ref name=&quot;cdctracker&quot;/&gt;
* Jersey&lt;ref name=&quot;cdctracker&quot;/&gt;
* Montserrat{{efn|name=carphance}}
* Northern Cyprus&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||last=Psyllides|first=George|title=Coronavirus: 10,000 vaccines handed over to north |url=https://cyprus-mail.com/2021/03/31/coronavirus-10000-vaccines-handed-over-to-north/|access-date=17 April 2021|website=cyprus-mail.com/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Pitcairn&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
* Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
* Sint Maarten{{efn|name=carphance}}
* Turks and Caicos Islands{{efn|name=carphance}}
* Wallis and Futuna&lt;ref name=&quot;cdctracker&quot;/&gt;
* ''[[World Health Organization]]''&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO status&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Interim recommendations for use of the AZD1222 (ChAdOx1-S (recombinant)) vaccine against COVID-19 developed by Oxford University and AstraZeneca|url=https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-2019-nCoV-vaccines-SAGE_recommendation-AZD1222-2021.1|access-date=27 February 2021|publisher=[[World Health Organization]] (WHO)}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=AstraZeneca/Oxford Covid-19 Vaccine Gets Emergency Approval From WHO|website=Forbes|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/alisondurkee/2021/02/15/astrazeneca-oxford-covid-19-vaccine-gets-emergency-approval-from-who/|access-date=16 February 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=WHO Recommendation AstraZeneca/SKBio - COVID-19 Vaccine (ChAdOx1-S [recombinant]) | website=[[World Health Organization]] (WHO) | date=15 February 2021 | url=https://extranet.who.int/pqweb/vaccines/covid-19-vaccine-chadox1-s-recombinant | access-date=8 May 2021 | accessdate=7 July 2021 | archivedate=4 July 2021 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210704174442/https://extranet.who.int/pqweb/vaccines/covid-19-vaccine-chadox1-s-recombinant }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=WHO recommendation Serum Institute of India Pvt Ltd - COVID-19 Vaccine (ChAdOx1-S [recombinant]) - Covishield | website=[[World Health Organization]] (WHO) | date=15 February 2021 | url=https://extranet.who.int/pqweb/vaccines/covid-19-vaccine-chadox1-s-recombinant-covishield | access-date=8 May 2021 | accessdate=7 July 2021 | archivedate=6 July 2021 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210706125046/https://extranet.who.int/pqweb/vaccines/covid-19-vaccine-chadox1-s-recombinant-covishield }}&lt;/ref&gt;
;Travel-only
* Hong Kong&lt;ref name=&quot;HK&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=List of COVID-19 Vaccines Recognised for Specified Purposes |url=https://www.coronavirus.gov.hk/pdf/list_of_recognised_covid19_vaccines.pdf |publisher=Hong Kong Department of Health |access-date=24 November 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Switzerland&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=FOPH|first=Federal Office of Public Health|title=Coronavirus: Entering Switzerland|url=https://www.bag.admin.ch/bag/en/home/krankheiten/ausbrueche-epidemien-pandemien/aktuelle-ausbrueche-epidemien/novel-cov/empfehlungen-fuer-reisende/quarantaene-einreisende.html|access-date=19 November 2021|website=www.bag.admin.ch|accessdate=25 December 2021|archivedate=24 July 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200724080307/https://www.bag.admin.ch/bag/en/home/krankheiten/ausbrueche-epidemien-pandemien/aktuelle-ausbrueche-epidemien/novel-cov/empfehlungen-fuer-reisende/quarantaene-einreisende.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Turkey&lt;ref name=&quot;visasturkey.com&quot;&gt;{{cite web|date=10 April 2019|title=Vaccinations for Turkey: Do I need an Approved COVID Vaccine?|url=https://www.easyturkeyvisa.com/news/vaccinations-for-turkey|access-date=24 November 2021|website=Turkey Visa}}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* United States&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=11 February 2020|title=COVID-19 and Your Health|url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/travelers/proof-of-vaccination.html|access-date=17 November 2021|website=U.S. [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] (CDC)}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

== Pfizer–BioNTech ==
&lt;section begin=&quot;pfizerauthmap&quot;/&gt;
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|TC=dodgerblue|TD=limegreen|TG=limegreen|TH=dodgerblue|TJ=dodgerblue|TK=dodgerblue|TL=dodgerblue|TN=dodgerblue|TO=dodgerblue|TR=dodgerblue|TT=dodgerblue|TV=limegreen|TW=dodgerblue|TZ=dodgerblue
|UA=dodgerblue|UG=dodgerblue|US=blueviolet|UY=dodgerblue|UZ=dodgerblue
|VA=dodgerblue|VC=dodgerblue|VE=limegreen|VG=dodgerblue|VN=dodgerblue|VU=limegreen
|WS=limegreen
|XK=dodgerblue
|YE=limegreen
|ZA=dodgerblue|ZM=dodgerblue|ZW=limegreen
}}
|caption=
{{leftlegend|blueviolet|Full authorization}}
{{leftlegend|dodgerblue|Emergency authorization}}
{{leftlegend|limegreen|Eligible [[COVAX]] recipient}}
}}
&lt;section end=&quot;pfizerauthmap&quot;/&gt;
The [[Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine]], sold under the brand name Comirnaty,&lt;ref name=&quot;Comirnaty EPAR&quot;&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Comirnaty EPAR|url=https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/comirnaty|access-date=23 December 2020|publisher=[[European Medicines Agency]] (EMA)}}&lt;/ref&gt; is an [[mRNA vaccine]]&lt;ref name=&quot;hcreg&quot;&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||date=9 December 2020|title=Regulatory Decision Summary – Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine|url=https://covid-vaccine.canada.ca/info/regulatory-decision-summary-detailTwo.html?linkID=RDS00730|access-date=9 December 2020|publisher=Health Canada, Government of Canada}}&lt;/ref&gt; produced by the German company [[BioNTech]] and the American company [[Pfizer]].&lt;ref name=&quot;hcreg&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;NCT04368728&quot;&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||date=30 April 2020|title=Study to Describe the Safety, Tolerability, Immunogenicity, and Efficacy of RNA Vaccine Candidates Against COVID-19 in Healthy Adults|url=https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04368728|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011084828/https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04368728/|archive-date=11 October 2020|access-date=14 July 2020|website=[[ClinicalTrials.gov]]|publisher=[[United States National Library of Medicine]]|id=NCT04368728}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;EudraCT-2020-001038-36&quot;&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||date=14 April 2020|title=A Multi-site Phase I/II, 2-Part, Dose-Escalation Trial Investigating the Safety and Immunogenicity of four Prophylactic SARS-CoV-2 RNA Vaccines Against COVID-19 Using Different Dosing Regimens in Healthy Adults|url=https://www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu/ctr-search/trial/2020-001038-36/DE|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200422111024/https://www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu/ctr-search/trial/2020-001038-36/DE|archive-date=22 April 2020|access-date=22 April 2020|website=EU Clinical Trials Register|publisher=European Union|id=[[EudraCT]] 2020-001038-36}}&lt;/ref&gt; In Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan, Comirnaty is distributed by [[Fosun Pharma]].&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=BioNTech and China partner, not Pfizer, to produce HK shots|url=https://www.thestandard.com.hk/section-news/section/11/225661/BioNTech-and-China-partner,-not-Pfizer,-to-produce-HK-shots|website=The Standard}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Pfizer and BioNTech's overlooked third partner will distribute the vaccine in China – and it's facing some resistance |url=https://fortune.com/2021/01/09/covid-vaccine-china-fosun-pfizer-biontech/|access-date=18 April 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Burger|first=Ludwig|date=16 March 2020|title=BioNTech in China alliance with Fosun over potential coronavirus vaccine|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-biontech-fosunpharma-vaccine-collabor-idUKKBN2130O5|access-date=18 April 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=25 November 2020|title=BioNTech, Fosun start Phase II trial of COVID-19 vaccine in China|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-biontech-fosunphar-idUSKBN2850ZZ|access-date=18 April 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;RTHK 20210711&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;BioNTech PR 20210712&quot; /&gt;

;Full (&lt;section begin=&quot;Pfizer-BioNTech_FN&quot;/&gt;10&lt;section end=&quot;Pfizer-BioNTech_FN&quot;/&gt;)
# Australia&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Comirnaty|url=https://www.tga.gov.au/apm-summary/comirnaty|date=25 January 2021|access-date=25 January 2021|publisher=[[Therapeutic Goods Administration]] (TGA)}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite report | url=https://www.tga.gov.au/sites/default/files/auspar-bnt162b2-mrna-210125.pdf | title=Australian Public Assessment Report for BNT162b2 (mRNA) | publisher=[[Therapeutic Goods Administration]] (TGA) | access-date=25 January 2021 | archive-date=26 January 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126144716/https://www.tga.gov.au/sites/default/files/auspar-bnt162b2-mrna-210125.pdf | url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Brazil&lt;ref name=&quot;Brazil approves full vaccine&quot;&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||url=https://g1.globo.com/bemestar/vacina/noticia/2021/02/23/anvisa-concede-registro-definitivo-a-vacina-da-pfizer.ghtml|title=Vacina da Pfizer é a 1ª a obter registro definitivo no Brasil|publisher=G1|date=23 February 2021|access-date=23 February 2021|language=pt-br}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Canada&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=23 August 2021|title=U.S. gives Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine full approval - CityNews Toronto|url=https://toronto.citynews.ca/2021/08/23/us-pfizer-covid-19-vaccine-full-approval/|access-date=23 August 2021|website=CityNews Toronto}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|author1=The Associated Press|date=23 August 2021|title=U.S. regulators give full approval of Pfizer-BioNTech's COVID-19 vaccine|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/health/us-pfizer-fda-approval-1.6149959|access-date=23 August 2021|website=CBC News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|last=Osman|first=Laura|date=16 September 2021|title=Goodbye Pfizer, hello Comirnaty: Top COVID-19 vaccines given brand names in Canada|work=CBC News|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/health/vaccine-name-change-canada-1.6178484|access-date=16 September 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Marshall Islands{{efn|name=CFA}}{{efn|name=useua|Full approval only for those aged 16+. EUA still applies for recipients aged 5-15.}}
# Micronesia{{efn|name=CFA}}{{efn|name=useua}}
# New Zealand&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||date=3 February 2021|title=Robust assessment ahead of Medsafe approval of vaccine|url=https://www.health.govt.nz/news-media/media-releases/robust-assessment-ahead-medsafe-approval-vaccine|access-date=6 February 2021|work=Ministry of Health}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Palau{{efn|name=CFA|via United States authorization through [[Compact of Free Association]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite press release | title=Interior Applauds Inclusion of Insular Areas through Operation Warp Speed to Receive COVID-19 Vaccines | publisher=[[United States Department of the Interior]] (DOI) | date=12 December 2020 | url=https://www.doi.gov/oia/press/interior-applauds-inclusion-insular-areas-through-operation-warp-speed-receive-covid-19 | access-date=13 January 2021}} {{PD-notice}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.hawaiipublicradio.org/post/asia-minute-palau-administers-vaccines-keep-country-free-covid#stream/0|publisher=[[Hawaii Public Radio]]|title=Asia Minute: Palau Administers Vaccines to Keep Country Free of COVID|first=Bill|last=Dorman|date=6 January 2021|access-date=13 January 2021|name-list-style=vanc}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}{{efn|name=useua}}
# Saudi Arabia&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||date=10 December 2020|title=Coronavirus: Saudi Arabia approves Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine for use|url=https://english.alarabiya.net/en/coronavirus/2020/12/10/Coronavirus-Saudi-Arabia-approves-Pfizer-COVID-19-vaccine-for-use|access-date=10 December 2020|website=Al Arabiya English}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;NYT vaccine tracker&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last1=Zimmer|first1=Carl|last2=Corum|first2=Jonathan|last3=Wee|first3=Sui-Lee|title=Coronavirus Vaccine Tracker|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/science/coronavirus-vaccine-tracker.html|name-list-style=vanc}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Switzerland&lt;ref name=&quot;Swiss authorization&quot;&gt;{{cite press release|title=Swissmedic grants authorisation for the first COVID-19 vaccine in Switzerland|url=https://www.bag.admin.ch/bag/en/home/das-bag/aktuell/medienmitteilungen.msg-id-81761.html|publisher=[[Swissmedic|Swiss Agency for Therapeutic Products (Swissmedic)]]|date=19 December 2020|access-date=19 December 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Comirnaty Product information|url=https://www.swissmedicinfo.ch/ShowText.aspx?textType=FI&amp;lang=DE&amp;authNr=68225|access-date=31 January 2021|language=DE|trans-quote=Due to incomplete clinical data at the time of the assessment of the authorization application, the Comirnaty medicinal product is authorized for a limited period (Art. 9a Medicinal Products Act).}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# United States{{efn|name=useua}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite press release|title=FDA Takes Key Action in Fight Against COVID-19 By Issuing Emergency Use Authorization for First COVID-19 Vaccine|publisher=U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA)|date=11 December 2020|url=https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-takes-key-action-fight-against-covid-19-issuing-emergency-use-authorization-first-covid-19|access-date=11 December 2020}} {{PD-notice}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine EUA fact sheet&quot;&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||date=25 February 2021|title=Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine EUA Fact Sheet for Healthcare Providers|url=https://www.fda.gov/media/144413/download|access-date=25 February 2021|publisher=Pfizer|format=PDF}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;FDA PR 20210823&quot;&gt;{{Cite press release |title=FDA Approves First COVID-19 Vaccine |date=23 August 2021 |publisher=U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) |url=https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-approves-first-covid-19-vaccine |access-date=23 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210823143040/https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-approves-first-covid-19-vaccine |archive-date=23 August 2021 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{{-}}

;Emergency (&lt;section begin=&quot;Pfizer-BioNTech_EN&quot;/&gt;140&lt;section end=&quot;Pfizer-BioNTech_EN&quot;/&gt;)
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top: 0.3em; column-width: 15em;&quot;&gt;
# Afghanistan&lt;ref name=&quot;cdctracker&quot;/&gt;
# Albania&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Albania to start COVID-19 immunisation with Pfizer vaccine in January – report|url=https://seenews.com/news/albania-to-start-covid-19-immunisation-with-pfizer-vaccine-in-jan-report-726470|website=Seenews}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Algeria&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=5 May 2021|title=Canada allows Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine for children aged 12-15|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/canada-authorizes-pfizer-covid-19-vaccine-children-aged-12-15-2021-05-05/|access-date=19 August 2021|website=Reuters}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Andorra&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Andorra COVID-19|url=https://www.govern.ad/covid19_newsletter/en/|access-date=19 February 2021|website=govern.ad}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Argentina&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Coronavirus en la Argentina: La ANMAT aprobo el uso de emergencia de la vacuna Pfizer|url=https://www.lanacion.com.ar/sociedad/coronavirus-argentina-anmat-aprobo-uso-emergencia-vacuna-nid2548852|access-date=23 December 2020|website=La Nación|language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Armenia&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||date=30 June 2021|title=Dashboard: Vaccinating Eurasia- June|url=https://eurasianet.org/dashboard-vaccinating-eurasia-june|access-date=4 August 2021|website=[[Eurasianet]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Azerbaijan&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
# Bahrain&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Bahrain becomes second country to approve Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/12/4/bahrain-becomes-second-country-to-approve-pfizer-covid-19-vaccine|access-date=5 December 2020|publisher=[[Al Jazeera]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=The Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine Was Granted Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) &amp; Bahrain National Health Regulatory Authority (NHRA) | website=cvdvaccine | url=https://www.cvdvaccine-bh.com/ | access-date=18 April 2021 | accessdate=7 July 2021 | archivedate=21 April 2021 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210421145401/https://www.cvdvaccine-bh.com/ }}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Bangladesh&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Bangladesh approves Pfizer Covid-19 vaccine for emergency use|date=27 May 2021|url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/2021/05/27/bangladesh-approves-pfizer-covid-19-vaccine-for-emergency-use|access-date=27 May 2021|publisher=[[Dhaka Tribune]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Benin&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
# Bhutan&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
# Bolivia&lt;ref name=&quot;cdctracker&quot;/&gt;
# Bosnia and Herzegovina&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Pfizer/BioNTech COVID-19 vaccines shipped by COVAX arrive in Bosnia and Herzegovina|url=https://bosniaherzegovina.un.org/en/123137-pfizerbiontech-covid-19-vaccines-shipped-covax-arrive-bosnia-and-herzegovina|access-date=14 April 2021|publisher=United Nations}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Botswana&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Botswana expects to welcome multiple COVID-19 vaccines|url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/africa/2021-02/27/c_139771113.htm|access-date=1 April 2021|publisher=Xinhuanet|accessdate=7 July 2021|archivedate=27 February 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227224341/http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/africa/2021-02/27/c_139771113.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Brunei&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=COVID-19: Brunei to begin mass vaccination on April 3 |url=https://thescoop.co/2021/04/02/covid-19-brunei-to-begin-mass-vaccination-on-april-3/|access-date=6 April 2021|website=TheScoop|date=2 April 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Cameroon&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
# Cape Verde&lt;ref name=&quot;cdctracker&quot;/&gt;
# Chile&lt;ref name=&quot;chile&quot;&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||date=17 December 2020|title=Chile approves Pfizer-BioNTech Covid-19 vaccine for emergency use|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/world/chile-approves-pfizer-biontech-covid-19-vaccine-for-emergency-use|access-date=17 December 2020|website=The Straits Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Colombia&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=6 January 2021|title=Colombia regulator approves Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine for emergency use|publisher=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/health-coronavirus-colombia-vaccine/colombia-regulator-approves-pfizer-biontech-vaccine-for-emergency-use-idINL1N2JH00P/|access-date=6 January 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Congo-Kinshasa&lt;ref name=&quot;DRC&quot;&gt;{{cite web|date=2021-12-07|title=Covid-19 en RDC: des officiers et agents de la Police se font vacciner après échanges avec le ministre de la Santé|url=https://actualite.cd/2021/12/07/covid-19-en-rdc-des-officiers-et-agents-de-la-police-se-font-vacciner-apres-echanges|access-date=2022-01-12|website=Actualite.cd|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Costa Rica&lt;ref name=&quot;costa&quot;&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||date=16 December 2020|title=Costa Rica authorizes Pfizer-BioNTech coronavirus vaccine|url=https://ticotimes.net/2020/12/16/costa-rica-authorizes-pfizer-biontech-coronavirus-vaccine|access-date=16 December 2020|website=The Tico Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Djibouti&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
# Dominican Republic&lt;ref&gt;[https://covid-19pharmacovigilance.paho.org/pfizer-biontech Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine]. Pan American Health Organization.&lt;/ref&gt;
# East Timor&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
# Ecuador&lt;ref name=&quot;ecuador&quot;&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Arcsa autoriza ingreso al país de vacuna Pfizer-BioNTech para el Covid-19 – Agencia Nacional de Regulación, Control y Vigilancia Sanitaria|url=https://www.controlsanitario.gob.ec/arcsa-autoriza-ingreso-al-pais-de-vacuna-pfizer-biontech-para-el-covid-19/|access-date=17 December 2020|language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Egypt&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
# El Salvador&lt;ref name=&quot;cdctracker&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||last=McGwin|first=Kevin|date=30 December 2020|title=Greenland to begin new year with COVID vaccinations|url=https://www.arctictoday.com/greenland-to-begin-new-year-with-covid-vaccinations/|access-date=21 March 2021|website=ArcticToday}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Eswatini&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
#Fiji&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Vaccine FAQs – MINISTRY OF HEALTH &amp; MEDICAL SERVICES| date=24 March 2021 |url=https://www.health.gov.fj/covid-vaccine/vaccine-faqs/|access-date=2022-01-06|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Gabon&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
# Georgia&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
# Ghana&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Ghana approves two more COVID-19 vaccines - Xinhua &amp;#124; English.news.cn|url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/africa/2021-07/29/c_1310092883.htm|access-date=30 November 2021|website=xinhuanet|accessdate=25 December 2021|archivedate=30 November 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211130221511/http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/africa/2021-07/29/c_1310092883.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Guatemala&lt;ref name=&quot;auto3&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=COVID-19 Information |url=https://gt.usembassy.gov/alert-covid-19-2/ |website=U.S. Embassy in Guatemala |date=25 February 2020 |accessdate=7 July 2021 |archivedate=7 May 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210507124017/https://gt.usembassy.gov/alert-covid-19-2/ }}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Guinea&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
# Honduras&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
# Indonesia&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20210715145336-20-668159/bpom-terbitkan-izin-penggunaan-darurat-vaksin-covid-19-pfizer|title=BPOM Terbitkan Izin Penggunaan Darurat Vaksin COVID-19 Pfizer|work=CNN Indonesia|date=15 July 2021|access-date=15 July 2021|language=id}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Iraq&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Iraq grants emergency approval for Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine|url=https://www.msn.com/en-ae/news/other/iraq-grants-emergency-approval-for-pfizer-covid-19-vaccine/ar-BB1cgvD6|access-date=27 December 2020|publisher=MSN}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Israel&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Israeli Health Minister 'pleased' as FDA approves Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine|url=https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/fda-approves-pfizer-biontech-covid-19-vaccine-for-emergency-use-nyt-651871|access-date=28 December 2020|website=The Jerusalem Post}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Ivory Coast&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
# Japan&lt;ref name=&quot;jp&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=14 February 2021|title=Japan approves Pfizer's COVID-19 vaccine, 1st for domestic use|work=[[Nikkei Asia]]|url=https://asia.nikkei.com/Spotlight/Coronavirus/Japan-approves-Pfizer-s-COVID-19-vaccine-1st-for-domestic-use|access-date=14 February 2021|name-list-style=vanc|accessdate=7 July 2021|archivedate=18 March 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210318232113/https://asia.nikkei.com/Spotlight/Coronavirus/Japan-approves-Pfizer-s-COVID-19-vaccine-1st-for-domestic-use}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||last=Tsukimori|first=Osamu|date=15 February 2021|title=Japan gives OK to Pfizer coronavirus vaccine, with rollout to begin this week|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2021/02/15/national/science-health/pfizer-vaccine-approval-japan/|access-date=1 April 2021|website=The Japan Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Jordan&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||date=15 December 2020|title=Jordan approves Pfizer-BioNTech Covid vaccine|url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20201215-jordan-approves-pfizer-biontech-covid-vaccine|access-date=15 December 2020|publisher=France 24}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Kazakhstan&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
# Kenya&lt;ref name=&quot;auto13&quot;&gt;{{#invoke:Cite news||date=2 August 2021|title=Kenya Approves J&amp;J, Pfizer Covid-19 Vaccines as Cases Surge|work=Bloomberg.com|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-08-02/kenya-approves-j-j-pfizer-covid-19-vaccines-as-cases-surge|access-date=24 September 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Kosovo&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
# Kuwait&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||date=13 December 2020|title=Kuwait authorizes emergency use of Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine|url=https://arab.news/427j9|access-date=15 December 2020|website=Arab News}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Kyrgyzstan&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
# Laos&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
# Lebanon&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||date=14 February 2021|title=Lebanon starts Covid-19 vaccination campaign|url=https://www.france24.com/en/middle-east/20210214-lebanon-starts-covid-19-vaccination-campaign|access-date=16 March 2021|publisher=France 24}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Libya&lt;ref name=&quot;cdctracker&quot;/&gt;
# Malawi&lt;ref name=&quot;auto7&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Malawi Ministry of Health on Facebook|url=https://www.facebook.com/login/?next&amp;#61;https%253A%252F%252Fwww.facebook.com%252Fmalawimoh%252Fposts%252F4098884300167054|access-date=14 September 2021|website=Facebook}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Malaysia&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Lim|first=Ida|date=8 January 2021|title=Khairy: Malaysia can use Pfizer's Covid-19 vaccine now as conditional registration granted|work=[[The Malay Mail]]|url=https://www.msn.com/en-my/news/national/khairy-malaysia-can-use-pfizer-e2-80-99s-covid-19-vaccine-now-as-conditional-registration-granted/ar-BB1czVUU|access-date=8 January 2021|name-list-style=vanc}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Maldives&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||date=15 March 2021|title=Sinopharm &amp; Pfizer approved for use in Maldives|url=https://timesofaddu.com/2021/03/15/breaking-sinopharm-pfizer-approved-for-use-in-maldives/|access-date=1 April 2021|website=The Times of Addu}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Mexico&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=12 December 2020|title=Mexico Approves Pfizer Vaccine for Emergency Use as Covid Surges|publisher=Bloomberg|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-12-12/mexico-approves-pfizer-vaccine-for-emergency-use-as-covid-surges|access-date=12 December 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=12 December 2020|title=Mexico authorizes emergency use of Pfizer-BioNTech coronavirus vaccine|website=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/international/world-news/mexico-authorizes-emergency-use-of-pfizer-biontech-coronavirus-vaccine/articleshow/79696221.cms|access-date=14 January 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Moldova&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last=Foundation|first=Thomson Reuters|title=Moldova approves Russia's Sputnik V vaccine as political row simmers|url=https://news.trust.org/item/20210227162136-o0jx5/|access-date=1 April 2021|website=news.trust.org|accessdate=7 July 2021|archivedate=3 April 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210403221351/https://news.trust.org/item/20210227162136-o0jx5/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Monaco&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=First Vaccines Arrive in Monaco – COVID-19 vaccination campaign begins tomorrow / Actualités / Coronavirus (Covid-19) / Policy &amp; Practice / Portail du Gouvernement – Monaco|url=https://en.gouv.mc/Policy-Practice/Coronavirus-Covid-19/Actualites/FIRST-VACCINES-ARRIVE-IN-MONACO-COVID-19-vaccination-campaign-begins-tomorrow|access-date=19 February 2021|website=en.gouv.mc}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Mongolia&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Mongolia will receive 300,000 doses of COVID-19 vaccine developed by China|url=https://akipress.com/news:654794:Mongolia_will_receive_300,000_doses_of_COVID-19_vaccine_developed_by_China/|access-date=19 March 2021|website=AKIpress News Agency}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Montenegro&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
# Morocco&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
# Namibia&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
# Nepal&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=14 November 2021|title=People to get Pfizer vaccine from today|url=https://thehimalayantimes.com/nepal/people-to-get-pfizer-vaccine-from-today|access-date=28 December 2021|website=himalayantimes}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Nicaragua&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
# Nigeria&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||date=30 April 2021|title=NAFDAC approves Pfizer Biotech Vaccine for emergency use authorisation|url=https://editor.guardian.ng/news/nafdac-approves-pfizer-biotech-vaccine-for-emergency-use-authorisation/|access-date=21 July 2021|website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# North Macedonia&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=North Macedonia Kicks Off COVID-19 Vaccinations As Serbia Looks To Highlight Regional Efforts|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/north-macedonia-kicks-off-covid-19-vaccinations/31108206.html|access-date=19 February 2021|website=RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Oman&lt;ref name=&quot;oman&quot;&gt;{{cite news|date=15 December 2020|title=Oman issues licence to import Pfizer BioNTech Covid vaccine – TV|publisher=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/health-coronavirus-oman-vaccine-int-idUSKBN28P1RA|access-date=16 December 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Pakistan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=DRAP gives emergency approval for Pfizer's coronavirus vaccine |url=https://www.geo.tv/latest/352816-drap-gives-emergency-approval-for-pfizers-coronavirus-vaccine |website=www.geo.tv }}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Palestine&lt;ref name=&quot;cdctracker&quot;/&gt;
# Panama&lt;ref name=&quot;panama&quot;&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Panama approves Pfizer's COVID-19 vaccine – health ministry|url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/panama-approves-pfizers-covid-19-010942802.html|access-date=16 December 2020|publisher=Yahoo! Finance}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Papua New Guinea&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||date=12 August 2021|title=Vaccination is not compulsory, Prime Minister tells Parliament|url=https://covid19.info.gov.pg/vaccination-is-not-compulsory-prime-minister-tells-parliament/|access-date=24 September 2021|website=PNG &amp;#124; COVID 19}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Paraguay&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=DNVS otorga registro sanitario de emergencia a Pfizer - MSPBS Py|url=https://www.mspbs.gov.py/portal/23306/dnvs-otorga-registro-sanitario-de-emergencia-a-pfizer.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Pfizer: la nueva vacuna que compró Paraguay. MSPBS Paraguay|url=https://www.mspbs.gov.py/portal/23192/pfizer-la-nueva-vacuna-que-compro-paraguay.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Peru&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Peru regulators approve Pfizer vaccine against COVID-19: filing|url=https://news.yahoo.com/peru-regulators-approve-pfizer-vaccine-173719455.html|access-date=31 March 2021|publisher=Yahoo! News}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Philippines&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:cite news||date=14 January 2021|title=PH authorizes Pfizer's COVID-19 vaccine for emergency use|publisher=CNN Philippines|url=https://cnnphilippines.com/news/2021/1/14/Pfizer-COVID-19-vaccine-Philippines-FDA-emergency-use-EUA.html|access-date=14 January 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Qatar&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:cite news||title=Qatar, Oman to receive Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine this week|publisher=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-vaccine-qatar/qatar-oman-to-receive-pfizer-biontech-covid-19-vaccine-this-week-idUSKBN28U0VE|access-date=24 December 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Rwanda&lt;ref name=&quot;cdctracker&quot;/&gt;
# San Marino&lt;ref name=&quot;cdctracker&quot;/&gt;
# Serbia&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:cite news||date=21 December 2020|title=Serbia leads region in expecting COVID-19 vaccines within days|work=BalkanInsight|url=https://balkaninsight.com/2020/12/21/serbia-leads-region-in-expecting-covid-19-vaccines-within-days/|access-date=26 December 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=22 December 2020|title=First shipment of Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine arrives in Serbia|work=Serbian government website|url=https://www.srbija.gov.rs/vest/en/165409/first-shipment-of-pfizer-biontech-vaccine-arrives-in-serbia.php|access-date=26 December 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Singapore&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||date=14 December 2020|title=Singapore approves use of Pfizer's COVID-19 vaccine|url=https://apnews.com/article/science-singapore-coronavirus-pandemic-lee-hsien-loong-coronavirus-vaccine-5bf8461b9d2d32ec08d56fcf5958317a|access-date=15 December 2020|publisher=Associated Press}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# South Africa&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=South Africa approves Pfizer Covid-19 vaccine for emergency use|url=https://businesstech.co.za/news/trending/476360/south-africa-approves-pfizer-covid-19-vaccine-for-emergency-use/|access-date=18 March 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Pfizer-BioNTec approved for emergency use in SA: here is what you need to know about the vaccine|url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/news/south-africa/2021-03-18-pfizer-biontec-approved-for-emergency-use-in-sa-here-is-what-you-need-to-know-about-the-vaccine/|access-date=19 March 2021|website=TimesLIVE}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# South Korea&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last1=Lee|first1=Kyung-eun|date=27 February 2021|title=S. Korea begins rolling out Pfizer vaccines on second day of national vaccination program|work=Arirang News|url=https://www.arirang.com/news/News_View.asp?nseq=273056|access-date=28 February 2021|accessdate=7 July 2021|archivedate=10 March 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210310013846/https://www.arirang.com/news/News_View.asp?nseq=273056}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last1=Kim|first1=Han-joo|date=5 March 2021|title=S. Korea approves Pfizer's COVID-19 vaccine amid immunization push|publisher=Yonhap News |url=https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20210305001500320|access-date=5 March 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Sri Lanka&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Sri Lanka approves Pfizer COVID vaccine for emergency use |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/healthcare-pharmaceuticals/sri-lanka-approves-pfizer-covid-vaccine-emergency-use-2021-05-08/ |website=Reuters |date=8 May 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Sudan&lt;ref name=&quot;cdctracker&quot;/&gt;
# Taiwan&lt;ref name=&quot;RTHK 20210711&quot;&gt;{{cite web | last=Kemp | first=Robert | title=Fosun says it has struck deal to send Taiwan vaccines | website=RTHK | date=11 July 2021 | url=https://news.rthk.hk/rthk/en/component/k2/1600277-20210711.htm? | access-date=11 July 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;BioNTech PR 20210712&quot;&gt;{{cite press release | title=10 Million Doses of mRNA-based COVID-19 Vaccine to be supplied to Taiwan Region | website=BioNTech | date=12 July 2021 | url=https://investors.biontech.de/news-releases/news-release-details/10-million-doses-mrna-based-covid-19-vaccine-be-supplied-taiwan | access-date=18 July 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Tajikistan&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
# Tanzania&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
# Thailand&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news | title = Thailand approves Pfizer-Biontech vaccine for emergency use | date = 24 June 2021 | url = https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/thailand-approves-pfizer-biontech-vaccine-emergency-use-2021-06-24/ | work = Reuters }}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Tonga&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
# Tunisia&lt;ref name=&quot;NYT vaccine tracker&quot; /&gt;
# Turkey&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |author=Gözde Bayar |date=18 March 2021 |url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/latest-on-coronavirus-outbreak/turkey-to-receive-45m-doses-of-pfizer-vaccine-this-month/2179702 |title=Turkey to receive 4.5M doses of Pfizer vaccine this month |publisher=Anadolu Agency}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Uganda&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
# Ukraine&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Наказ МОЗ України від 22.02.2021 № 308 &quot;Про державну реєстрацію лікарського засобу (медичного імунобіологічного препарату) для екстреного медичного застосування&quot;|url=https://moz.gov.ua/article/ministry-mandates/nakaz-moz-ukraini-vid-22022021--308-pro-derzhavnu-reestraciju-likarskogo-zasobu-medichnogo-imunobiologichnogo-preparatu-dlja-ekstrenogo-medichnogo-zastosuvannja|access-date=19 March 2021|website=moz.gov.ua}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# United Arab Emirates&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||date=23 December 2020|title=Dubai approves the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine which will be free of charge|url=https://emirateswoman.com/dubai-approves-the-pfizer-biontech-vaccine-for-free/|access-date=28 December 2020|website=Emirates Woman}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# United Kingdom&lt;ref name=&quot;ukgov12-2&quot;&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||date=2 December 2020|title=UK medicines regulator gives approval for first UK COVID-19 vaccine|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-medicines-regulator-gives-approval-for-first-uk-covid-19-vaccine|access-date=2 December 2020|publisher=Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, Government of the UK}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;MHRA 2020-12-08&quot;&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||date=8 December 2020|title=Information for Healthcare Professionals on Pfizer/BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/regulatory-approval-of-pfizer-biontech-vaccine-for-covid-19/information-for-healthcare-professionals-on-pfizerbiontech-covid-19-vaccine|access-date=13 December 2020|website=Medicines &amp; Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA)}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||date=3 December 2020|title=Conditions of Authorisation for Pfizer/BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/regulatory-approval-of-pfizer-biontech-vaccine-for-covid-19/conditions-of-authorisation-for-pfizerbiontech-covid-19-vaccine|access-date=13 December 2020|website=Medicines &amp; Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA)}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Uruguay&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Uruguay acquired Pfizer and Sinovac vaccines; details will be announced Saturday |url=https://en.mercopress.com/2021/01/23/uruguay-acquired-pfizer-and-sinovac-vaccines-details-will-be-announced-saturday |website=MercoPress }}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Uzbekistan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=12 September 2021|title=U.S. Donates Over 1.2 million COVID-19 Pfizer Vaccines to Uzbekistan|url=https://uz.usembassy.gov/u-s-donates-over-1-2-million-covid-19-pfizer-vaccines-to-uzbekistan/|access-date=4 October 2021|website=&lt;nowiki&gt;[[U.S. Embassy in Uzbekistan&lt;/nowiki&gt;}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Vatican City&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=McElwee|first=Joshua J.|date=11 December 2020|title=Vatican to offer coronavirus vaccine to residents and staff in early 2021|publisher=[[National Catholic Reporter]]|url=https://www.ncronline.org/news/coronavirus/vatican-offer-coronavirus-vaccine-residents-and-staff-early-2021|access-date=9 February 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite press release|url=https://www.vaticannews.va/it/vaticano/news/2020-12/in-vaticano-parte-il-piano-vaccinale-anticovid.html|title=In Vaticano parte il piano vaccinale anticovid|date=11 December 2020|access-date=9 February 2021|first=Massimiliano|last=Menichetti|website=vatican.va}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Vietnam&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Le|first=Nga|date=12 June 2021|title=Vietnam approves Pfizer Covid vaccine for emergency use|work=[[VnExpress]]|url=https://e.vnexpress.net/news/news/vietnam-approves-pfizer-covid-vaccine-for-emergency-use-4293267.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Zambia&lt;ref name=&quot;TrackVax&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=COVID19 Vaccine Tracker|url=https://covid19.trackvaccines.org/|access-date=2022-01-12|website=covid19.trackvaccines.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;
'''{{nowrap|[[European Medicines Agency|EMA]] countries}}'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Comirnaty EPAR&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;EU Marketing authorisation&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Comirnaty | website=Union Register of medicinal products | date=21 December 2020 | url=https://ec.europa.eu/health/documents/community-register/html/h1528.htm | access-date=26 November 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Austria
# Belgium
# Bulgaria
# Croatia
# Cyprus
# Czech Republic
# Denmark
# Estonia
# Finland
# France
# Germany
# Greece
# Hungary
# Iceland
# Ireland
# Italy
# Latvia
# Liechtenstein
# Lithuania
# Luxembourg
# Malta
# Netherlands
# Norway
# Poland
# Portugal
# Romania
# Slovakia
# Slovenia
# Spain
# Sweden
'''{{nowrap|[[Caribbean Public Health Agency|CARPHA]] countries}}'''&lt;ref name=&quot;carpha-pfizer&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=Caribbean Public Health Agency &gt; Who We Are &gt; Member States | website=The Caribbean Public Health Agency (CARPHA) | url=https://www.carpha.org/Who-We-Are/Member-States | access-date=7 April 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||date=6 January 2021|title=Pfizer vaccine approved for region but Health Ministry wants more info|url=https://newsday.co.tt/2021/01/06/pfizer-vaccine-approved-for-region-but-health-ministry-wants-more-info/|access-date=24 February 2021|website=Trinidad and Tobago Newsday}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Antigua and Barbuda
# Bahamas
# Barbados
# Belize
# Dominica
# Grenada
# Guyana
# Haiti
# Jamaica
# Saint Kitts and Nevis
# Saint Lucia
# Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
# Suriname
# Trinidad and Tobago
&lt;!-- not counted --&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
'''[[List of ISO 3166-1 codes|Non-country entities]]'''
* American Samoa&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
* Anguilla{{efn|name=carphance}}
* Aruba{{efn|name=carphance}}
* Bermuda{{efn|name=carphance}}
* British Virgin Islands{{efn|name=carphance}}
* Caribbean Netherlands{{efn|name=carphance}}
* Cayman Islands{{efn|name=carphance}}
* Cook Islands&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
* Curaçao{{efn|name=carphance}}
* Faroe Islands&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||last=Nielsdóttir|first=Alda|date=30 December 2020|title=First Covid-19 vaccines administered in the Faroe Islands|url=https://local.fo/first-covid-19-vaccines-administered-in-the-faroe-islands/|access-date=29 March 2021|website=Local.fo}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* French Polynesia&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
* Gibraltar&lt;ref name=&quot;cdctracker&quot;/&gt;
* Greenland&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||last1=Sevunts|first1=Levon|last2=International|first2=Radio Canada|date=4 January 2021|title=Greenland launches COVID-19 vaccination campaign|url=https://www.rcinet.ca/eye-on-the-arctic/2021/01/04/greenland-launches-covid-19-vaccination-campaign-1/|access-date=21 March 2021|website=Eye on the Arctic}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Guadeloupe&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
* Guam&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
* Guernsey&lt;ref name=&quot;cdctracker&quot;/&gt;
* Hong Kong&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||date=25 January 2021|title=Use of vaccine approved|url=https://www.news.gov.hk/eng/2021/01/20210125/20210125_175428_123.html|access-date=15 February 2021|publisher=Government of Hong Kong}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Isle of Man&lt;ref name=&quot;cdctracker&quot;/&gt;
* Jersey&lt;ref name=&quot;cdctracker&quot;/&gt;
* Macau&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:cite web||title=Local BioNTech vaccination to resume on April 5 |url=https://www.macaubusiness.com/local-biontech-vaccination-to-resume-on-april-5/ |website=macaubusiness.com |access-date=15 April 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Martinique&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
* Montserrat{{efn|name=carphance}}
* New Caledonia&lt;ref name=&quot;cdctracker&quot;/&gt;
* Niue&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
* Northern Cyprus&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;
* Northern Mariana Islands&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
* Puerto Rico&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
* Sint Maarten{{efn|name=carphance}}
* Tokelau&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
* Turks and Caicos Islands{{efn|name=carphance}}
* ''[[World Health Organization]]''&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO status&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite press release|title=WHO issues its first emergency use validation for a COVID-19 vaccine and emphasizes need for equitable global access|website=[[World Health Organization]] (WHO)|url=https://www.who.int/news/item/31-12-2020-who-issues-its-first-emergency-use-validation-for-a-covid-19-vaccine-and-emphasizes-need-for-equitable-global-access|date=31 December 2020|access-date=6 January 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=WHO recommendation Tozinameran – COVID-19 mRNA vaccine (nucleoside modified) – Comirnaty | website=[[World Health Organization]] (WHO) | date=31 December 2020 | url=https://extranet.who.int/pqweb/vaccines/who-recommendation-covid-19-mrna-vaccine-nucleoside-modified-comirnaty | access-date=8 May 2021 | accessdate=7 July 2021 | archivedate=9 May 2021 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210509155424/https://extranet.who.int/pqweb/vaccines/who-recommendation-covid-19-mrna-vaccine-nucleoside-modified-comirnaty }}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

== Janssen ==
&lt;section begin=&quot;janssenauthmap&quot;/&gt;
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|NA=dodgerblue|NC=dodgerblue|NE=limegreen|NG=dodgerblue|NI=dodgerblue|NL=dodgerblue|NO=darkred|NP=dodgerblue|NR=limegreen|NZ=dodgerblue
|OM=limegreen
|PA=limegreen|PE=dodgerblue|PF=dodgerblue|PG=dodgerblue|PH=dodgerblue|PK=limegreen|PL=dodgerblue|PR=dodgerblue|PS=dodgerblue|PT=dodgerblue|PW=dodgerblue|PY=limegreen
|QA=dodgerblue
|RO=dodgerblue|RS=limegreen|RW=dodgerblue
|SA=dodgerblue|SB=limegreen|SD=dodgerblue|SE=dodgerblue|SG=limegreen|SI=darkred|SK=dodgerblue|SL=limegreen|SN=dodgerblue|SO=dodgerblue|SR=dodgerblue|SS=dodgerblue|ST=limegreen|SV=limegreen|SX=dodgerblue|SY=dodgerblue|SZ=dodgerblue
|TC=dodgerblue|TD=limegreen|TH=dodgerblue|TG=limegreen|TJ=limegreen|TL=limegreen|TN=dodgerblue|TO=limegreen|TR=turquoise|TT=dodgerblue|TV=limegreen|TW=dodgerblue|TZ=dodgerblue
|UA=dodgerblue|UG=dodgerblue|US=dodgerblue|UY=limegreen|UZ=limegreen
|VC=dodgerblue|VE=limegreen|VG=dodgerblue|VN=dodgerblue|VU=limegreen
|WS=limegreen
|XK=limegreen
|YE=dodgerblue
|ZA=dodgerblue|ZM=dodgerblue|ZW=dodgerblue
}}
|caption=
{{leftlegend|blueviolet|Full authorization}}
{{leftlegend|lightpink|Full authorization, not used}}
{{leftlegend|dodgerblue|Emergency authorization}}
{{leftlegend|turquoise|Allowed for travel}}
{{leftlegend|limegreen|Eligible [[COVAX]] recipient}}
{{leftlegend|darkred|Usage stopped}}
}}
&lt;section end=&quot;janssenauthmap&quot;/&gt;
The [[Janssen COVID-19 vaccine]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Janssen COVID-19 Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) Official Website | website=Janssen | date=28 February 2021 | url=https://www.janssencovid19vaccine.com/hcp.html | access-date=28 February 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; is a [[viral vector vaccine]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite techreport|type=Briefing|date=26 February 2021|title=Janssen Ad26.COV2.S Vaccine for the Prevention of COVID-19|publisher=U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA)|url=https://www.fda.gov/media/146217/download|page=6|access-date=6 March 2021|quote=The vaccine, known as Ad26.COV2.S, is a replication-incompetent adenovirus type 26 (Ad26) vectored vaccine encoding a stabilized variant of the SARS-CoV-2 S protein.}}&lt;/ref&gt; produced by [[Janssen Pharmaceutica]] (a subsidiary of [[Johnson &amp; Johnson]]) and [[Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:22&quot;&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||date=4 August 2020|title=A Study of Ad26.COV2.S in Adults|url=https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04436276|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200916063346/https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04436276|archive-date=16 September 2020|access-date=23 August 2020|website=[[ClinicalTrials.gov]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:32&quot;&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=A Study of Ad26.COV2.S for the Prevention of SARS-CoV-2-Mediated COVID-19 in Adult Participants|url=https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04505722|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200926145744/https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04505722|archive-date=26 September 2020|website=[[ClinicalTrials.gov]]|publisher=US National Library of Medicine}}&lt;/ref&gt; It is also known as Johnson &amp; Johnson COVID-19 Vaccine and as COVID-19 Vaccine Janssen.&lt;ref name=&quot;COVID-19 Vaccine Janssen EPAR&quot;&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||date=5 March 2021|title=COVID-19 Vaccine Janssen EPAR|url=https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/covid-19-vaccine-janssen|access-date=16 March 2021|publisher=[[European Medicines Agency]] (EMA)}}&lt;/ref&gt; Three countries, Denmark, Finland, and Norway, discontinued the use of the Janssen vaccine in favor of other available vaccines due to a possible link between the vaccine and a rare blood clot disorder.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=The Danish COVID-19 vaccine rollout continues without the COVID-19 vaccine from Johnson &amp; Johnson |url=https://www.sst.dk/en/english/news/2021/the-danish-covid-19-vaccine-rollout-continues-without-the-covid-19-vaccine-from-johnson-johnson |website=www.sst.dk |accessdate=2021-07-07 |archivedate=2021-07-01 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210701225047/https://www.sst.dk/en/english/news/2021/the-danish-covid-19-vaccine-rollout-continues-without-the-covid-19-vaccine-from-johnson-johnson }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;thl.fi&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Decision on using the Johnson &amp; Johnson coronavirus vaccine in Finland to come after European Medicines Agency issues recommendations - News - THL |url=https://thl.fi/en/web/thlfi-en/-/decision-on-using-the-johnson-johnson-coronavirus-vaccine-in-finland-to-come-after-european-medicines-agency-issues-recommendations |website=Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Finland |access-date=5 December 2021 |accessdate=25 December 2021 |archivedate=5 December 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211205171139/https://thl.fi/en/web/thlfi-en/-/decision-on-using-the-johnson-johnson-coronavirus-vaccine-in-finland-to-come-after-european-medicines-agency-issues-recommendations }}&lt;/ref&gt; The use of the Janssen adenovirus vector vaccine began in Finland in October 2021. It is only offered for those aged 65 and over because of a very rare risk of thrombosis in younger age groups.&lt;ref name=&quot;Use of AstraZeneca coronavirus vacc&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Getting vaccinated against COVID-19&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Adenovirus vaccines: FAQ - THL&quot;/&gt;

;Full (&lt;section begin=&quot;Janssen_FN&quot;/&gt;3&lt;section end=&quot;Janssen_FN&quot;/&gt;)
# Australia (not used)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=COVID-19 Vaccine Janssen | website=Therapeutic Goods Administration | date=25 June 2021 | url=https://www.tga.gov.au/apm-summary/covid-19-vaccine-janssen | access-date=26 June 2021 | accessdate=7 July 2021 | archivedate=28 August 2021 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210828190300/https://www.tga.gov.au/apm-summary/covid-19-vaccine-janssen }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||date=25 June 2021|title=TGA grants third provisional approval to COVID-19 vaccine: Janssen|url=https://www.tga.gov.au/media-release/tga-grants-third-provisional-approval-covid-19-vaccine-janssen|access-date=28 June 2021|website=[[Therapeutic Goods Administration]] (TGA)}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Canada&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Janssen (Johnson &amp; Johnson) COVID-19 vaccine | website=[[Health Canada]] | date=5 March 2021 | url=https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/drugs-health-products/covid19-industry/drugs-vaccines-treatments/vaccines/janssen.html | access-date=24 November 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Regulatory Decision Summary - Janssen COVID-19 Vaccine | website=[[Health Canada]] | url=https://covid-vaccine.canada.ca/info/regulatory-decision-summary-detail.html?linkID=RDS00890 | access-date=24 November 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Switzerland&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|agency=Keystone-SDA/Reuters/sb|title=Johnson &amp; Johnson Covid vaccine approved for use in Switzerland|url=https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/johnson---johnson-covid-vaccine-approved-for-use-in-switzerland/46469458|access-date=1 April 2021|website=SWI swissinfo.ch}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news | title=Swissmedic regulator approves Johnson &amp; Johnson COVID-19 vaccine | publisher=Reuters | date=22 March 2021 | url=https://www.reuters.com/article/health-coronavirus-swiss-johnsonjohnson-idUSZ8N2K8003 | access-date=3 April 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{{-}}

;Emergency (&lt;section begin=&quot;Janssen_EN&quot;/&gt;126&lt;section end=&quot;Janssen_EN&quot;/&gt;)
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top: 0.3em; column-width: 15em;&quot;&gt;
# Afghanistan&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
# Andorra&lt;ref name=&quot;Andorra vaccines&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Informació en relació amb la vacunació contra la COVID-19|publisher=Govern d'Andorra|url=https://www.govern.ad/vacunacio/faqs/FAQS_Vacunacio_COVID19.pdf|access-date=14 March 2021 | language=ca }}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Argentina&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=de 2021|first=6 de Octubre|title=COVID-19: la ANMAT aprobó el uso de emergencia de la vacuna de Johnson &amp; Johnson|url=https://www.infobae.com/salud/2021/10/06/covid-19-la-anmat-aprobo-el-uso-de-emergencia-de-la-vacuna-de-janssen/|access-date=6 October 2021|website=infobae|language=es-ES}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Bahamas&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Farmacovigilancia de vacunas para COVID-19 - Janssen|url=https://covid-19pharmacovigilance.paho.org/|access-date=9 October 2021|website=Farmacovigilancia de vacunas para COVID-19}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Bahrain&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news | title=Bahrain first to approve Johnson &amp; Johnson COVID-19 vaccine for emergency use | publisher=Reuters | date=25 February 2021 | url=https://www.reuters.com/article/health-coronavirus-bahrain-idUSS8N2I4021 | access-date=25 February 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news | title=Bahrain becomes 1st nation to grant J&amp;J shot emergency use | website=ABC News (United States) | date=25 February 2021 | url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/bahrain-1st-nation-grant-jj-shot-emergency-76112143 | access-date=25 February 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Bangladesh&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news | title=Bangladesh approves Johnson &amp; Johnson's Covid-19 vaccine for emergency use| publisher=Dhaka Tribune | date=15 June 2021| url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/2021/06/15/johnson-johnson-s-covid-19-vaccine-approved-for-emergency-use | access-date=15 June 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/coronavirus-deadly-new-threat/news/single-dose-covid-19-vaccine-janssen-gets-emergency-use-authorization-bangladesh-2111557| title=Single-dose Covid-19 vaccine Janssen gets emergency use authorization in Bangladesh| website=[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)|The Daily Star]]| date=15 June 2021|access-date=15 June 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Benin&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
# Bolivia&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot; /&gt;
# Botswana&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=COVID-19 Vaccines Approved by BoMRA |url=https://www.bomra.co.bw/index.php/news-updates/177-covid-19-vaccines-approved-by-bomra |website=www.bomra.co.bw |accessdate=2021-07-07 |archivedate=2021-06-13 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210613171202/https://www.bomra.co.bw/index.php/news-updates/177-covid-19-vaccines-approved-by-bomra }}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Brazil&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |date=31 March 2021 |title=Brazil health regulator approves emergency use of Johnson &amp; Johnson COVID-19 vaccine |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/health-coronavirus-brazil-janssen/brazil-health-regulator-approves-emergency-use-of-johnson-johnson-covid-19-vaccine-idUSL1N2LT2PS |publisher=Reuters |location=Rio de Janeiro |access-date=1 April 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Brunei&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
# Burkina Faso&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
# Cambodia&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
# Cameroon&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
# Central African Republic&lt;ref name=&quot;TrackVax&quot;/&gt;
# Chile&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Chile authorizes emergency use of Johnson &amp; Johnson's Janssen vaccine through COVAX|url=https://www.ispch.cl/noticia/isp-valida-uso-de-emergencia-de-la-vacuna-janssen-de-johnson-johnson-a-traves-de-mecanismo-covax/|publisher=Public Health Institute, [[Ministry of Health (Chile)|Ministry of Health of Chile]]|date=10 June 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Colombia&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Acosta|first=Luis Jaime|location=Bogotá|title=Colombia grants emergency use for J&amp;J coronavirus vaccine |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/health-coronavirus-colombia/colombia-grants-emergency-use-for-jj-coronavirus-vaccine-idUSL1N2LO01O |access-date=25 March 2021 |publisher=Reuters |date=25 March 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Congo-Kinshasa&lt;ref name=&quot;DRC&quot;/&gt;
# Djibouti&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
# Egypt&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
# Eswatini&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
# Ethiopia&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
# Gabon&lt;ref name=&quot;TrackVax&quot;/&gt;
# Ghana&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Johnson &amp; Johnson COVID-19 vaccine to be available in Ghana by August |url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/johnson-johnson-covid-19-vaccine-to-be-available-in-ghana-by-august.html |website=Graphic Online}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Guinea&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
# Honduras&lt;ref name=&quot;cdctracker&quot;/&gt;
# India&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||date=7 August 2021|title=India approves J&amp;J COVID-19 vaccine for emergency use|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/india/india-approves-jj-covid-19-vaccine-emergency-use-2021-08-07/|access-date=7 August 2021|website=Reuters}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Indonesia&lt;ref name=&quot;auto6&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last=|first=|date=7 September 2021|title=BPOM Terbitkan Izin Penggunaan Darurat Vaksin Covid-19 Produksi Johnson &amp; Johnson dan Cansino|url=https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2021/09/07/18330171/bpom-terbitkan-izin-penggunaan-darurat-vaksin-covid-19-produksi-johnson|access-date=7 September 2021|website=KOMPAS.com|language=id}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Iran&lt;ref name=&quot;TrackVax&quot;/&gt;
# Ivory Coast&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
# Jordan&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
# Kenya&lt;ref name=&quot;auto13&quot;/&gt;
# Kuwait&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Kuwait authorises emergency use of Johnson &amp; Johnson vaccine |url=https://www.kuna.net.kw/ArticleDetails.aspx?id=2980741&amp;language=en |publisher=Kuwait News Agency (KUNA) |date=8 June 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Laos&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
# Lesotho&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
# Liberia&lt;ref name=&quot;TrackVax&quot;/&gt;
# Libya&lt;ref name=&quot;cdctracker&quot;/&gt;
# Madagascar&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
# Malawi&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
# Malaysia&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=15 June 2021|title=Malaysia grants conditional approval for CanSino, J&amp;J COVID-19 vaccines|url= https://www.reuters.com/business/healthcare-pharmaceuticals/malaysia-grants-conditional-approval-cansino-jj-covid-19-vaccines-2021-06-15/|work=[[Reuters]]|access-date= 15 June 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Maldives&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Approval to use of Covid-19 vaccine Janssen |url=http://health.gov.mv/Uploads/Downloads//Informations/Informations(381).pdf |publisher=Maldives Food and Drug Authority |date=6 June 2021 |accessdate=7 July 2021 |archivedate=11 June 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210611230415/http://health.gov.mv/Uploads/Downloads//Informations/Informations(381).pdf }}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Mali&lt;ref name=&quot;TrackVax&quot;/&gt;
# Marshall Islands{{efn|name=CFA}}
# Mauritania&lt;ref name=&quot;TrackVax&quot;/&gt;
# Mexico&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title= El Comité de Moléculas Nuevas de COFEPRIS informa sobre los resultados de votación para la vacuna COVID-19 (Ad26.COV2-S [Recombinante]) |url=https://www.gob.mx/cofepris/articulos/el-comite-de-moleculas-nuevas-de-cofepris-informa-sobre-los-resultados-de-votacion-para-la-vacuna-covid-19-ad26-cov2-s-recombinante |website=www.gob.mx/cofepris |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title= COFEPRIS emite autorización para uso de emergencia a vacuna contra COVID-19 Ad26.COV2.S de Janssen (Johnson &amp; Johnson) |url=https://www.gob.mx/cofepris/articulos/cofepris-emite-autorizacion-para-uso-de-emergencia-a-vacuna-contra-covid-19-ad26-cov2-s-de-janssen-johnson-johnson |website=www.gob.mx/cofepris |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Micronesia{{efn|name=CFA}}
# Moldova&lt;ref name=&quot;msmps.gov.md&quot;/&gt;
# Morocco&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
# Mozambique&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
# Namibia&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
# Nepal&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=1.5 million doses of J&amp;J vaccine arrive in Nepal|url=https://kathmandupost.com/health/2021/07/12/1-5-million-doses-of-j-j-vaccine-arrive-in-nepal|access-date=12 July 2021|website=kathmandupost}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# New Zealand&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
# Nicaragua&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
# Nigeria&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||date=20 April 2021|title=905m COVID-19 shots administered worldwide – Report|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/health/456360-905m-covid-19-shots-administered-worldwide-report.html|access-date=7 June 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Palau{{efn|name=CFA}}
# Palestine&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
# Papua New Guinea&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
# Peru&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||date=9 July 2021|title=Peru authorizes use of Johnson &amp; Johnson COVID-19 vaccine|url=https://andina.pe/ingles/noticia-peru-authorizes-use-of-johnson-johnson-covid19-vaccine-852510.aspx|access-date=3 August 2021|website=[[ATV (Peruvian TV channel)|Andina]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Philippines&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||url=https://cnnphilippines.com/news/2021/4/19/covaxin-janssen-emergency-use-authorization.html|title=Covaxin, Janssen approved for emergency use in PH |work=CNN Philippines|date=19 April 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Qatar&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
# Rwanda&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
# Saudi Arabia&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
# Senegal&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
# Singapore&lt;ref name=&quot;channelnewsasia.com&quot;/&gt; ''(restricted)''
# Somalia&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
# South Africa&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-55675806|title=Coronavirus: South Africa rolls out vaccination programme|date=17 February 2021|access-date=19 February 2021|work=BBC News}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# South Korea&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Lardieri |first1=Alexa |title=South Korea Approves Johnson &amp; Johnson Vaccine |url=https://www.usnews.com/news/health-news/articles/2021-04-07/south-korea-grants-conditional-approval-to-johnson-johnson-coronavirus-vaccine |access-date=8 April 2021 |work=U.S. News &amp; World Report |date=7 April 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# South Sudan&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
# Sudan&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
# Syria&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
# Taiwan (not used)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=10 June 2021|title=嬌生疫苗通過我緊急使用授權 BNT僅「有條件通過」|publisher=The Liberty Times|url=https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/life/breakingnews/3565594}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Tanzania&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
# Thailand&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=25 March 2021|title=Thailand approves Johnson &amp; Johnson's COVID-19 vaccine|publisher=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-thailand-idUSKBN2BH1L7|access-date=1 April 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Tunisia&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Tunisia approve Johnson &amp; Johnson COVID-19 vaccine |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-health-coronavirus-tunisia/tunisia-approve-johnson-johnson-covid-19-vaccine-idUSKBN2BV1SQ |website=Reuters |date=8 April 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Uganda&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
# Ukraine&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
# United Kingdom&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Janssen single-dose Covid vaccine approved by UK |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/health-57283837 |publisher=BBC News |date=28 May 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# United States&lt;ref name=&quot;FDA PR 20210227&quot;&gt;{{cite press release | title=FDA Issues Emergency Use Authorization for Third COVID-19 Vaccine | publisher=U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) | date=27 February 2021 | url=https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-issues-emergency-use-authorization-third-covid-19-vaccine | access-date=27 February 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;FDA EUA&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.fda.gov/media/146303/download|title=Janssen COVID-19 Vaccine EUA Letter of Authorization 06102021|date=10 June 2021|website=U.S. Food &amp; Drug Administration}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Vietnam&lt;ref name=ldo1507&gt;{{Cite news|date=15 July 2021|title=Việt Nam phê duyệt khẩn cấp vaccine COVID-19 của Johnson &amp; Johnson|work=Lao Động|url=https://laodong.vn/y-te/viet-nam-phe-duyet-khan-cap-vaccine-covid-19-cua-johnson--johnson-930853.ldo}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=vnp1507&gt;{{Cite news|date=15 July 2021|title=Bộ Y tế phê duyệt vaccine phòng COVID-19 Janssen của Johnson &amp; Johnson|work=Vietnam+|url=https://www.vietnamplus.vn/bo-y-te-phe-duyet-vaccine-phong-covid19-janssen-cua-johnson-johnson/726931.vnp}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Yemen&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
# Zambia&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;
# Zimbabwe&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||date=28 July 2021|title=Zimbabwe approves J&amp;J COVID-19 vaccine for emergency use|url=https://www.reuters.com/business/healthcare-pharmaceuticals/zimbabwe-approves-jj-covid-19-vaccine-emergency-use-2021-07-28/|access-date=23 August 2021|website=Reuters}}&lt;/ref&gt;
'''{{nowrap|[[European Medicines Agency|EMA]] countries}}'''&lt;ref name=&quot;COVID-19 Vaccine Janssen EPAR&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;EU Marketing authorisation&quot;&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Marketing authorisation|url=https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/human-regulatory/marketing-authorisation|access-date=23 March 2021|publisher=[[European Medicines Agency]] (EMA)}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=COVID-19 Vaccine Janssen | website=Union Register of medicinal products | url=https://ec.europa.eu/health/documents/community-register/html/h1525.htm | access-date=26 November 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Austria
# Belgium
# Bulgaria
# Croatia
# Cyprus
# Czech Republic
# Denmark
# Estonia
# Finland
# France
# Germany
# Greece
# Hungary
# Iceland
# Ireland
# Italy
# Latvia
# Liechtenstein
# Lithuania
# Luxembourg
# Malta
# Netherlands
# Norway
# Poland
# Portugal
# Romania
# Slovakia
# Slovenia
# Spain
# Sweden
'''{{nowrap|[[Caribbean Public Health Agency|CARPHA]] countries}}'''&lt;ref name=&quot;COVID-19 Vaccine Information&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=COVID-19 Vaccine Information |url=https://www.carpha.org/What-We-Do/Public-Health/Novel-Coronavirus/COVID-19-Vaccine-Information |website=www.carpha.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Antigua and Barbuda
# Bahamas
# Barbados
# Belize
# Dominica
# Grenada
# Guyana
# Haiti
# Jamaica
# Saint Kitts and Nevis
# Saint Lucia
# Saint Vincent and the Grenadines&lt;ref name=&quot;auto2&quot;/&gt;
# Suriname
# Trinidad and Tobago
&lt;!-- not counted --&gt;
&lt;!-- not counted --&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
'''Non-country entities'''
* American Samoa&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
* Anguilla{{efn|name=carphance}}
* Aruba{{efn|name=carphance}}
* Bermuda{{efn|name=carphance}}
* British Virgin Islands{{efn|name=carphance}}
* Caribbean Netherlands{{efn|name=carphance}}
* Cayman Islands{{efn|name=carphance}}
* Curaçao{{efn|name=carphance}}
* French Polynesia&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
* Greenland&lt;ref name=&quot;NYT vaccine tracker&quot; /&gt;
* Guam&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
* Montserrat{{efn|name=carphance}}
* New Caledonia&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
* Northern Cyprus&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Aşı Türleri - K.K.T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı - Aşı Bilgi Sistemi|url=https://asi.saglik.gov.ct.tr/content/vaccine-types|access-date=19 November 2021|website=asi.saglik.gov.ct.tr|accessdate=25 December 2021|archivedate=19 November 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211119085117/https://asi.saglik.gov.ct.tr/content/vaccine-types}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Northern Mariana Islands&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
* Puerto Rico&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
* Sint Maarten{{efn|name=carphance}}
* Turks and Caicos Islands{{efn|name=carphance}}
* ''Africa Regulatory Taskforce''&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=UPDATE: Statement to Member States regarding thromboembolic events after vaccination with Janssen COVID-19 vaccine (Johnson &amp; Johnson)|url=https://africacdc.org/news-item/update-statement-to-member-states-regarding-thromboembolic-events-after-vaccination-with-janssen-covid-19-vaccine-johnson-johnson/|access-date=7 June 2021|website=Africa CDC}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''[[World Health Organization]]''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=WHO approves J&amp;J's COVID-19 vaccine for emergency listing |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/world/covid-19-who-approves-johnson-jj-vaccine-emergency-listing-14394654 |access-date=13 March 2021 |publisher=Channel NewsAsia |date=13 March 2021 |accessdate=7 July 2021 |archivedate=18 March 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210318014950/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/world/covid-19-who-approves-johnson-jj-vaccine-emergency-listing-14394654 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=WHO recommendation Janssen–Cilag International NV (Belgium) COVID-19 Vaccine (Ad26.COV2-S [recombinant]) | website=[[World Health Organization]] (WHO) | date=12 March 2021 | url=https://extranet.who.int/pqweb/vaccines/who-recommendation-janssen-cilag-international-nv-belgium-covid-19-vaccine-ad26cov2-s | access-date=8 May 2021 | accessdate=7 July 2021 | archivedate=8 May 2021 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210508195419/https://extranet.who.int/pqweb/vaccines/who-recommendation-janssen-cilag-international-nv-belgium-covid-19-vaccine-ad26cov2-s }}&lt;/ref&gt;
;Travel-only
* Hong Kong&lt;ref name=&quot;HK&quot;/&gt;
* Turkey&lt;ref name=&quot;visasturkey.com&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

== Moderna ==
&lt;section begin=&quot;modernaauthmap&quot; /&gt;
{{infobox|image={{Graph:Map|scale=65|defaultValue=gainsboro
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|HK=turquoise|HN=dodgerblue|HR=dodgerblue|HT=dodgerblue|HU=dodgerblue
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|OM=limegreen
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|QA=dodgerblue
|RO=dodgerblue|RS=dodgerblue|RW=dodgerblue
|SA=dodgerblue|SB=limegreen|SD=limegreen|SE=dodgerblue|SG=dodgerblue|SI=dodgerblue|SK=dodgerblue|SL=limegreen|SN=limegreen|SO=limegreen|SR=dodgerblue|SS=limegreen|ST=limegreen|SV=dodgerblue|SX=dodgerblue|SY=limegreen|SZ=limegreen
|TC=dodgerblue|TD=limegreen|TG=limegreen|TH=dodgerblue|TJ=dodgerblue|TL=limegreen|TN=|TR=turquoise |TO=limegreen|TT=dodgerblue|TV=limegreen|TW=dodgerblue
|UA=dodgerblue|UG=dodgerblue|US=blueviolet|UY=limegreen|UZ=dodgerblue
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|WF=dodgerblue|WS=limegreen
|XK=limegreen
|YE=limegreen
|ZA=limegreen|ZM=limegreen|ZW=limegreen
}}
|caption=
{{leftlegend|blueviolet|Full authorization}}
{{leftlegend|dodgerblue|Emergency authorization}}
{{leftlegend|turquoise|Allowed for travel}}
{{leftlegend|limegreen|Eligible [[COVAX]] recipient}}
}}
&lt;section end=&quot;modernaauthmap&quot; /&gt;
The [[Moderna COVID-19 vaccine]], also known as Spikevax,&lt;ref name=&quot;COVID-19 Vaccine Moderna EPAR&quot; /&gt; is an [[RNA vaccine|mRNA vaccine]]&lt;ref name=&quot;NCT04283461&quot;&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||date=16 March 2020|title=Safety and Immunogenicity Study of 2019-nCoV Vaccine (mRNA-1273) for Prophylaxis of SARS-CoV-2 Infection (COVID-19)|url=https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04283461|access-date=5 March 2021|website=[[ClinicalTrials.gov]]|publisher=[[United States National Library of Medicine]]|id=NCT04283461}}&lt;/ref&gt; produced by the American company [[Moderna]], the U.S. [[National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases]], the U.S. [[Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority]], and the [[Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations]].&lt;ref name=&quot;NCT044704272&quot;&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||date=14 July 2020|title=A Study to Evaluate Efficacy, Safety, and Immunogenicity of mRNA-1273 Vaccine in Adults Aged 18 Years and Older to Prevent COVID-19|url=https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04470427|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011084833/https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04470427/|archive-date=11 October 2020|access-date=27 July 2020|website=[[ClinicalTrials.gov]]|publisher=[[United States National Library of Medicine]]|id=NCT04470427}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;palca2&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last1=Palca|first1=Joe|date=27 July 2020|title=COVID-19 vaccine candidate heads to widespread testing in U.S.|publisher=NPR|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/coronavirus-live-updates/2020/07/27/895672859/us-vaccine-candidate-heads-to-widespread-testing-in-people|url-status=live|access-date=27 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011084836/https://www.npr.org/sections/coronavirus-live-updates/2020/07/27/895672859/us-vaccine-candidate-heads-to-widespread-testing-in-people/|archive-date=11 October 2020|name-list-style=vanc}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Moderna vaccine is not offered for men under 30 years of age in Finland as a precaution to reduce a very rare risk of myocarditis.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=THL issues instructions that men under 30 years of age should only be offered the Comirnaty coronavirus vaccine - Press release - THL |url=https://thl.fi/en/web/thlfi-en/-/thl-issues-instructions-that-men-under-30-years-of-age-should-only-be-offered-the-comirnaty-coronavirus-vaccine |website=Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Finland |access-date=5 December 2021 |accessdate=25 December 2021 |archivedate=5 December 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211205160943/https://thl.fi/en/web/thlfi-en/-/thl-issues-instructions-that-men-under-30-years-of-age-should-only-be-offered-the-comirnaty-coronavirus-vaccine }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Getting vaccinated against COVID-19&quot;/&gt;

;Full (&lt;section begin=&quot;Moderna_FN&quot; /&gt;5&lt;section end=&quot;Moderna_FN&quot; /&gt;)
# Australia&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||date=9 August 2021|title=TGA provisionally approves Moderna’s COVID-19 vaccine|url=https://www.tga.gov.au/media-release/tga-provisionally-approves-modernas-covid-19-vaccine-0|website=Therapeutic Goods Administration}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Canada&lt;ref name=&quot;hc-moderna12-23&quot;&gt;{{cite web|date=23 December 2020|title=Regulatory Decision Summary – Moderna COVID-19 Vaccine|url=https://covid-vaccine.canada.ca/info/regulatory-decision-summary-detailTwo.html?linkID=RDS00736|access-date=23 December 2020|publisher=Health Canada, Government of Canada}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;hcapps&quot;&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||date=9 December 2020|title=Drug and vaccine authorizations for COVID-19: List of applications received|url=https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/drugs-health-products/covid19-industry/drugs-vaccines-treatments/authorization/applications.html|access-date=9 December 2020|publisher=Health Canada, Government of Canada}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot; /&gt;
# Switzerland&lt;ref&gt;{{cite press release|title=Swissmedic grants authorisation for the COVID-19 vaccine from Moderna |url=https://www.swissmedic.ch/swissmedic/en/home/news/coronavirus-covid-19/zulassung-covid-19-impfstoff-moderna.html |publisher=[[Swissmedic|Swiss Agency for Therapeutic Products (Swissmedic)]] |date=12 January 2020 |access-date=12 January 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# United Kingdom&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||date=1 April 2021|title=Information for Healthcare Professionals on COVID-19 Vaccine Moderna|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/regulatory-approval-of-covid-19-vaccine-moderna/information-for-healthcare-professionals-on-covid-19-vaccine-moderna|access-date=6 April 2021|website=[[Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency]] (MHRA)}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||date=19 February 2021|title=Summary of the Public Assessment Report for COVID-19 Vaccine Moderna|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/regulatory-approval-of-covid-19-vaccine-moderna/summary-of-the-public-assessment-report-for-covid-19-vaccine-moderna|access-date=6 April 2021|website=[[Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency]] (MHRA)}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# United States&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=31 January 2022|title=Coronavirus (COVID-19) Update: FDA Takes Key Action by Approving Second COVID-19 Vaccine|work=[[Food and Drug Administration]]|url=https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/coronavirus-covid-19-update-fda-takes-key-action-approving-second-covid-19-vaccine|access-date=31 January 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{{-}}

;Emergency (&lt;section begin=&quot;Moderna_EN&quot; /&gt;104&lt;section end=&quot;Moderna_EN&quot; /&gt;)
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top: 0.3em; column-width: 15em;&quot;&gt;
# Andorra&lt;ref name=&quot;Andorra vaccines&quot; /&gt;
# Argentina&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=BOLETIN OFICIAL REPUBLICA ARGENTINA - MINISTERIO DE SALUD - Resolución 2711/2021|url=https://www.boletinoficial.gob.ar/detalleAviso/primera/250495|access-date=6 October 2021|website=www.boletinoficial.gob.ar}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Armenia&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot; /&gt;
# Bahrain&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot; /&gt;
# Bangladesh&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Moderna gets emergency use authorisation in Bangladesh|url=https://www.thedailystar.net/coronavirus-deadly-new-threat/news/moderna-gets-emergency-use-authorisation-bangladesh-2120677 |website=[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)|The Daily Star]] |date=29 June 2021|access-date=30 June 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Bhutan&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
# Botswana&lt;ref&gt;{{cite press release |title=Moderna Announces Agreement to Supply the Republic of Botswana with its COVID-19 Vaccine |url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20210603005629/en/Moderna-Announces-Agreement-to-Supply-the-Republic-of-Botswana-with-its-COVID-19-Vaccine |publisher=Moderna|via=Business Wire |date=3 June 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Bolivia&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.swissinfo.ch/spa/coronavirus-bolivia_bolivia-recibe-1-9-millones-de-vacunas-moderna-donadas-por-espa%C3%B1a-y-alemania/47231766|title=Bolivia recibe 1,9 millones de vacunas Moderna donadas por España y Alemania}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Brazil&lt;ref name=&quot;Agência Brasil&quot;/&gt;
# Brunei&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
# Cape Verde&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
# Chile&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile |url=https://www.ispch.cl/noticia/el-isp-valida-el-uso-de-emergencia-de-la-vacuna-contra-covid-19-del-laboratorio-moderna/#:~:text=La%20s%C3%A9ptima%20vacuna%20aprobada%20en,s%C3%A9ptima%20vacuna%20contra%20COVID-19. |access-date=2022-05-21 |website=www.ispch.cl}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Colombia&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.elespectador.com/salud/colombia-autoriza-el-uso-de-la-vacuna-de-moderna-para-el-coronavirus/ |title=Colombia autoriza el uso de la vacuna de Moderna para el coronavirus|first=El|last=Espectador|date=25 June 2021|website=El Espectador}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Congo-Brazzaville&lt;ref name=&quot;cdctracker&quot;/&gt;
# Congo-Kinshasa&lt;ref name=&quot;DRC&quot;/&gt;
# Egypt&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=StackPath|url=https://dailynewsegypt.com/2021/10/31/egypt-receives-784280-doses-of-modernas-covid-19-vaccine/ |access-date=5 November 2021|website=dailynewsegypt}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# El Salvador&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
# Fiji&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
# Ghana&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Farmacovigilancia de vacunas para COVID-19 - Moderna|url=https://covid-19pharmacovigilance.paho.org/|access-date=24 September 2021|website=Farmacovigilancia de vacunas para COVID-19}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Guatemala&lt;ref name=&quot;auto3&quot; /&gt;
# Honduras&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Honduras a la zaga de la vacunación en Centroamérica |url=https://proceso.hn/honduras-a-la-zaga-en-vacunacion-en-ca/ |website=Proceso Digital |language=es |date=10 April 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# India&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Kaul |first1=Rhythma |title=Moderna's Covid vaccine approved for use in India |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/modernas-covid-vaccine-approved-for-use-in-india-101624990937539.html |work=Hindustan Times |date=29 June 2021 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Indonesia&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |author= Friski Riana |editor= Laila Afifa|title=BPOM Issues Emergency Use Authorization for Moderna Vaccine |url=https://en.tempo.co/read/1478877/bpom-issues-emergency-use-authorization-for-moderna-vaccine |work=Tempo.co |date=2 July 2021 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Israel&lt;ref name=&quot;israelmoderna&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Israeli Ministry of Health Authorizes COVID-19 Vaccine Moderna for Use in Israel|url=https://investors.modernatx.com/news-releases/news-release-details/israeli-ministry-health-authorizes-covid-19-vaccine-moderna-use|publisher=modernatx.com|access-date=4 January 2021|date=4 January 2021|accessdate=7 July 2021|archivedate=17 February 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210217215148/https://investors.modernatx.com/news-releases/news-release-details/israeli-ministry-health-authorizes-covid-19-vaccine-moderna-use}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Japan&lt;ref name=&quot;jp&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite press release | title=Takeda Announces Approval of Moderna's COVID-19 Vaccine in Japan | publisher=Takeda | via=Business Wire | date=21 May 2021 | url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20210520006154/en/Takeda-Announces-Approval-of-Moderna%E2%80%99s-COVID-19-Vaccine-in-Japan | access-date=2 July 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Jordan&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
# Kenya&lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Kenya approves Moderna Sinopharm vaccines amid fourth wave|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-08-19/kenya-approves-moderna-sinopharm-vaccines-amid-fourth-wave|access-date=28 August 2021|newspaper=Bloomberg.com|date = 19 August 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Kuwait&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=COVID-19: Kuwait unlikely to import Sputnik V |url=https://gulfnews.com/world/gulf/kuwait/covid-19-kuwait-unlikely-to-import-sputnik-v-1.78388637 |website=gulfnews.com |access-date=21 April 2021 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Kyrgyzstan&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
# Libya&lt;ref name=&quot;cdctracker&quot;/&gt;
# Malawi&lt;ref name=&quot;auto7&quot;/&gt;
# Malaysia&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |author1=New Straits Times |title=DCA grants conditional approval for Moderna vaccine |url=https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2021/08/715318/dca-grants-conditional-approval-moderna-vaccine |date=8 August 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Maldives&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |author1=Maldives Food and Drug Agency |title=Approval to use of COVID-19 vaccine Moderna dispersion for injection |url=http://health.gov.mv/Uploads/Downloads//Informations/Informations(382).pdf |date=6 June 2021 |accessdate=7 July 2021 |archivedate=6 September 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210906115734/http://health.gov.mv/Uploads/Downloads//Informations/Informations(382).pdf }}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Marshall Islands{{efn|name=CFA}}
# Mexico&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Comité de Moléculas Nuevas y Subcomité emiten opinión favorable para vacuna Moderna|url=https://www.gob.mx/cofepris/articulos/comite-de-moleculas-nuevas-y-subcomite-emiten-opinion-favorable-para-vacuna-moderna |website=www.gob.mx/cofepris |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=COFEPRIS emite autorización para uso de emergencia a vacuna Moderna|url=https://www.gob.mx/cofepris/articulos/cofepris-emite-autorizacion-para-uso-de-emergencia-a-vacuna-moderna |website=www.gob.mx/cofepris |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Micronesia{{efn|name=CFA}}
# Moldova&lt;ref name=&quot;msmps.gov.md&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Membrii NITAG au venit cu recomandări privind utilizarea vaccinurilor împotriva COVID-19 în Republica Moldova |url=https://msmps.gov.md/comunicare/comunicate/membrii-nitag-au-venit-cu-recomandari-privind-utilizarea-vaccinurilor-impotriva-covid-19-in-republica-moldova/ |website=Ministerul Sănătății, Muncii și Protecţiei Sociale |language=ro |date=3 March 2021 |accessdate=7 July 2021 |archivedate=19 May 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210519224416/https://msmps.gov.md/comunicare/comunicate/membrii-nitag-au-venit-cu-recomandari-privind-utilizarea-vaccinurilor-impotriva-covid-19-in-republica-moldova/ }}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Mongolia&lt;ref name=&quot;news.mn&quot; /&gt;
# Nepal&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Nepal receives 1,965,600 doses of Moderna vaccine from COVAX|url=https://kathmandupost.com/health/2021/12/12/nepal-receives-1-965-600-doses-of-moderna-vaccine-from-covax|access-date=28 December 2021|website=kathmandupost.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Nigeria&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||date=15 July 2021|title=NAFDAC approves emergency use of three additional Covid-19 vaccines for Nigeria|url=https://editor.guardian.ng/news/nafdac-approves-emergency-use-of-three-additional-covid-19-vaccines-for-nigeria/|access-date=21 July 2021|website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Pakistan&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
# Palau{{efn|name=CFA}}
# Palestine&lt;ref name=&quot;cdctracker&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=COVID Data Tracker |url=https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#global-vaccinations |website=U.S. [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] (CDC) |date=28 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Paraguay&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
# Peru&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=17 September 2021|title=Gobierno suscribió acuerdo con Moderna por 20 millones de dosis contra la COVID-19|url=https://rpp.pe/peru/actualidad/gobierno-suscribio-acuerdo-con-moderna-por-20-millones-de-vacunas-contra-la-covid-19-noticia-1358438?ref=rpp|access-date=4 October 2021|website=[[RPP Noticias]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Philippines&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |author1=Galvez, Daphne |title=Moderna COVID-19 vaccine gets emergency use authorization |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1427462/moderna-covid-19-vaccine-gets-emergency-use-authorization |publisher=Philippine Daily Inquirer |date=5 May 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Qatar&lt;ref name=&quot;Aljazeera&quot;&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Qatar approves emergency use of Moderna's COVID-19 vaccine|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/2/10/qatar-approves-emergency-use-for-modernas-covid-19-vaccine|website=Al Jazeera|access-date=31 March 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Rwanda&lt;ref name=&quot;cdctracker&quot; /&gt;
# Saudi Arabia&lt;ref name=&quot;gulfnews.com&quot;&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=AstraZeneca and Moderna vaccines to be administered in Saudi Arabia|url=https://gulfnews.com/world/gulf/saudi/astrazeneca-and-moderna-vaccines-to-be-administered-in-saudi-arabia-1.76573439|access-date=19 January 2021|website=Gulf News}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Serbia&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Moderna arrived to Serbia|url=https://europa.rs/moderna-arrived-to-serbia/?lang=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Singapore&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=3 February 2021|title=Singapore becomes first in Asia to approve Moderna's COVID-19 vaccine|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-singapore/singapore-becomes-first-in-asia-to-approve-modernas-covid-19-vaccine-idUSKBN2A30ZM|access-date=3 February 2021|publisher=Reuters}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# South Korea&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last1=Kim |first1=Han-joo |date=21 May 2021|title=Moderna COVID-19 vaccine gets final nod in S. Korea |url=https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20210521005500320|access-date=21 May 2021|work=Yonhap News Agency}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Sri Lanka&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
# Taiwan&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||date=5 May 2021|title=莫德納疫苗獲緊急授權 自費AZ疫苗供應不間斷|url=https://www.cna.com.tw/news/firstnews/202105050200.aspx|website=Central News Agency}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Tajikistan&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||date=26 July 2021|title=1.5 million doses of Moderna Vaccines arrive in Tajikistan|url=https://www.unicef.org/tajikistan/press-releases/15-million-doses-moderna-vaccines-arrive-tajikistan|access-date=4 August 2021|website=[[UNICEF]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Thailand&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news | title = Thai FDA approves Moderna vaccine | date = 13 May 2021 | url = https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/2115195/thai-fda-approves-moderna-vaccine | work = Bangkok Post }}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Tunisia&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
# Uganda&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
# Ukraine&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||date=19 July 2021|title=U.S. Donates 2 Million Coronavirus Vaccine Doses To Ukraine|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/us-vaccine-ukraine-covid/31365604.html|access-date=4 August 2021|website=[[RadioFreeEurope]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# United Arab Emirates&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news | title = Coronavirus latest: Moderna vaccine approved for emergency use by UAE | date = 4 July 2021 | url = https://www.thenationalnews.com/coronavirus/2021/07/03/coronavirus-latest-updates-uae-cases-vaccine-covid-test/ | work = The National }}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Uzbekistan&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||date=30 July 2021|title=U.S. Government Provides 3 Million of the Moderna COVID-19 Vaccine to Uzbekistan|url=https://uz.usembassy.gov/u-s-government-provides-3-million-doses-of-the-moderna-covid-19-vaccine-to-uzbekistan/|access-date=4 August 2021|website=}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Vietnam&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=29 June 2021|title=Bộ Y tế phê duyệt có điều kiện vaccine COVID-19 Moderna|work=[[Vietnam Television]]|url=https://vtv.vn/suc-khoe/bo-y-te-phe-duyet-co-dieu-kien-vaccine-covid-19-moderna-20210629110122178.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=29 June 2021|title=Bộ Y tế phê duyệt có điều kiện vaccine COVID-19 Moderna|work=Vietnam Government Portal|url=http://baochinhphu.vn/Hoat-dong-Bo-nganh/Bo-Y-te-phe-duyet-co-dieu-kien-vaccine-COVID19-Moderna/436244.vgp}}&lt;/ref&gt;
'''{{nowrap|[[European Medicines Agency|EMA]] countries}}'''&lt;ref name=&quot;COVID-19 Vaccine Moderna EPAR&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Spikevax (previously COVID-19 Vaccine Moderna) EPAR|url=https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/covid-19-vaccine-moderna|website=[[European Medicines Agency]] (EMA)}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;EU Marketing authorisation&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Spikevax | website=Union Register of medicinal products | url=https://ec.europa.eu/health/documents/community-register/html/h1507.htm | access-date=26 November 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Austria
# Belgium
# Bulgaria
# Croatia
# Cyprus
# Czech Republic
# Denmark
# Estonia
# Finland
# France
# Germany
# Greece
# Hungary
# Iceland
# Ireland
# Italy
# Latvia
# Liechtenstein
# Lithuania
# Luxembourg
# Malta
# Netherlands
# Norway
# Poland
# Portugal
# Romania
# Slovakia
# Slovenia
# Spain
# Sweden
'''{{nowrap|[[Caribbean Public Health Agency|CARPHA]] countries}}'''&lt;ref name=&quot;carpha-pfizer&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;COVID-19 Vaccine Information&quot;/&gt;
# Antigua and Barbuda
# Bahamas
# Barbados
# Belize
# Dominica
# Grenada
# Guyana
# Haiti
# Jamaica
# Saint Kitts and Nevis
# Saint Lucia
# Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
# Suriname
# Trinidad and Tobago
&lt;!-- not counted --&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
'''Non-country entities'''
* American Samoa&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
* Anguilla{{efn|name=carphance}}
* Aruba{{efn|name=carphance}}
* Bermuda{{efn|name=carphance}}
* British Virgin Islands{{efn|name=carphance}}
* Caribbean Netherlands{{efn|name=carphance}}
* Cayman Islands{{efn|name=carphance}}
* Curaçao{{efn|name=carphance}}
* Faroe Islands&lt;ref name=&quot;cdctracker&quot;/&gt;
* Greenland&lt;ref name=&quot;cdctracker&quot;/&gt;
* Guadeloupe&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
* Guam&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
* Guernsey&lt;ref name=&quot;cdctracker&quot;/&gt;
* Isle of Man&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
* Jersey&lt;ref name=&quot;cdctracker&quot;/&gt;
* Montserrat{{efn|name=carphance}}
* Northern Mariana Islands&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
* Puerto Rico&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
* Sint Maarten{{efn|name=carphance}}
* Turks and Caicos Islands{{efn|name=carphance}}
* Wallis and Futuna&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
* ''[[World Health Organization]]''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=WHO lists anti-COVID Moderna vaccine for emergency use |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1425841/who-lists-anti-covid-moderna-vaccine-for-emergency-use |work=Agence France-Presse |publisher=Philippine Daily Inquirer |date=1 May 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=WHO Recommendation COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine (nucleoside modified) | website=[[World Health Organization]] (WHO) | date=30 April 2021 | url=https://extranet.who.int/pqweb/vaccines/covid-19-mrna-vaccine-nucleoside-modified | access-date=8 May 2021 | accessdate=7 July 2021 | archivedate=7 May 2021 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210507220946/https://extranet.who.int/pqweb/vaccines/covid-19-mrna-vaccine-nucleoside-modified }}&lt;/ref&gt;
;Travel-only
* Hong Kong&lt;ref name=&quot;HK&quot;/&gt;
* New Zealand&lt;ref name=&quot;auto9&quot;/&gt;
* Turkey&lt;ref name=&quot;visasturkey.com&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

== Sinopharm BIBP ==
&lt;section begin=&quot;bibpauthmap&quot;/&gt;
{{infobox|image={{Graph:Map|scale=65|defaultValue=gainsboro
|AD=limegreen|AE=blueviolet|AF=dodgerblue|AG=dodgerblue|AL=limegreen|AM=dodgerblue|AO=dodgerblue|AR=dodgerblue|AT=turquoise|AU=turquoise|AZ=limegreen
|BA=dodgerblue|BB=dodgerblue|BD=dodgerblue|BF=dodgerblue|BG=turquoise|BH=blueviolet|BI=dodgerblue|BJ=limegreen|BN=dodgerblue|BO=dodgerblue|BR=dodgerblue|BS=limegreen|BT=dodgerblue|BW=limegreen|BY=dodgerblue|BZ=dodgerblue
|CA=turquoise|CD=limegreen|CF=limegreen|CG=dodgerblue|CH=turquoise|CI=dodgerblue|CL=limegreen|CM=dodgerblue|CN=blueviolet|CO=limegreen|CR=limegreen|CU=dodgerblue|CV=dodgerblue|CY=turquoise
|DJ=dodgerblue|DM=dodgerblue|DO=dodgerblue|DZ=dodgerblue
|EC=limegreen|EE=turquoise|EG=dodgerblue|ES=turquoise|ET=dodgerblue
|FI=turquoise|FJ=limegreen|FM=limegreen
|GA=dodgerblue|GB=turquoise|GD=limegreen|GE=dodgerblue|GH=limegreen|GM=dodgerblue|GN=dodgerblue|GQ=dodgerblue|GR=turquoise|GT=limegreen|GW=dodgerblue|GY=dodgerblue
|HN=limegreen|HR=turquoise|HT=limegreen|HU=dodgerblue
|ID=dodgerblue|IE=turquoise|IN=limegreen|IQ=dodgerblue|IR=dodgerblue|IS=turquoise
|JM=dodgerblue|JO=dodgerblue
|KE=dodgerblue|KG=dodgerblue|KH=dodgerblue|KI=dodgerblue|KM=dodgerblue|KN=limegreen|KP=dodgerblue|KR=limegreen|KZ=dodgerblue
|LA=dodgerblue|LB=dodgerblue|LC=limegreen|LI=turquoise|LK=dodgerblue|LR=limegreen|LS=dodgerblue|LV=turquoise|LY=dodgerblue
|MA=dodgerblue|MC=limegreen|MD=dodgerblue|ME=dodgerblue|MG=dodgerblue|MH=limegreen|MK=dodgerblue|ML=limegreen|MM=dodgerblue|MN=dodgerblue|MO=blueviolet|MR=dodgerblue|MU=dodgerblue|MV=dodgerblue|MW=dodgerblue|MX=dodgerblue|MY=dodgerblue|MZ=dodgerblue
|NA=dodgerblue|NE=dodgerblue|NG=dodgerblue|NI=dodgerblue|NL=turquoise|NP=dodgerblue|NR=limegreen|NZ=limegreen
|OM=limegreen
|PA=limegreen|PE=dodgerblue|PG=dodgerblue|PH=dodgerblue|PK=dodgerblue|PS=dodgerblue|PY=dodgerblue
|QA=turquoise
|RS=dodgerblue|RW=dodgerblue
|SA=turquoise|SB=dodgerblue|SC=blueviolet|SD=dodgerblue|SE=turquoise|SG=dodgerblue|SI=turquoise|SK=turquoise|SL=dodgerblue|SN=dodgerblue|SO=dodgerblue|SR=dodgerblue|SS=dodgerblue|ST=limegreen|SV=dodgerblue|SY=dodgerblue|SZ=limegreen
|TD=dodgerblue|TG=limegreen|TH=dodgerblue|TJ=limegreen|TL=limegreen|TM=dodgerblue|TN=dodgerblue|TO=limegreen|TR=turquoise|TT=dodgerblue|TV=limegreen|TZ=dodgerblue
|UA=limegreen|UG=limegreen|US=turquoise|UY=limegreen|UZ=limegreen
|VC=limegreen|VE=dodgerblue|VN=dodgerblue|VU=dodgerblue
|WS=limegreen
|XK=limegreen
|YE=limegreen
|ZA=limegreen|ZM=dodgerblue|ZW=dodgerblue
}}
|caption=
{{leftlegend|blueviolet|Full authorization}}
{{leftlegend|dodgerblue|Emergency authorization}}
{{leftlegend|turquoise|Allowed for travel}}
{{leftlegend|limegreen|Eligible [[COVAX]] recipient}}
}}
&lt;section end=&quot;bibpauthmap&quot;/&gt;
The [[Sinopharm BIBP COVID-19 vaccine]] is an [[inactivated vaccine|inactivated virus vaccine]] produced by the [[China National Pharmaceutical Group]] (Sinopharm) and its Beijing Institute of Biological Products.&lt;ref name=&quot;ChiCTR20000347802&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Chen|first1=Wei|last2=Al Kaabi|first2=Nawal|date=18 July 2020|title=A Phase III clinical trial for inactivated novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) vaccine (Vero cells)|url=http://www.chictr.org.cn/showprojen.aspx?proj=56651|journal=Chinese Clinical Trial Registry|access-date=15 August 2020|name-list-style=vanc}} {{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.chictr.org.cn/showprojen.aspx?proj=56651%2F |accessdate=28 September 2023 |archivedate=11 October 2020 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011084800/http://www.chictr.org.cn/showprojen.aspx?proj=56651%2F }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|display-authors=6|vauthors=Xia S, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Wang H, Yang Y, Gao GF, Tan W, Wu G, Xu M, Lou Z, Huang W, Xu W, Huang B, Wang H, Wang W, Zhang W, Li N, Xie Z, Ding L, You W, Zhao Y, Yang X, Liu Y, Wang Q, Huang L, Yang Y, Xu G, Luo B, Wang W, Liu P, Guo W, Yang X|date=October 2020|title=Safety and immunogenicity of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, BBIBP-CorV: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 1/2 trial|journal=The Lancet. Infectious Diseases|volume=21|issue=1|pages=39–51|doi=10.1016/s1473-3099(20)30831-8|pmc=7561304|pmid=33069281}}&lt;/ref&gt;

;Full (&lt;section begin=&quot;Sinopharm BIBP_FN&quot;/&gt;4&lt;section end=&quot;Sinopharm BIBP_FN&quot;/&gt;)
# Bahrain&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:cite web||title=Bahrain approves China's Sinopharm coronavirus vaccine |url=https://www.arabianbusiness.com/healthcare/455832-bahrain-approves-chinas-sinopharm-coronavirus-vaccine |website=Arabian Business Industries |date=13 December 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# China&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:cite news||last1=Kuo |first1=Lily |title=China approves Sinopharm coronavirus vaccine, the country's first for general use |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/coronavirus-vaccine-china-sinopharm/2020/12/30/1cc4be9e-4a62-11eb-97b6-4eb9f72ff46b_story.html |work=The Washington Post| name-list-style=vanc}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Seychelles&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=President Ramkalawan and First Lady receives second dose SinoPharm Vaccine|url=http://www.statehouse.gov.sc/news/5090/president-ramkalawan-and-first-lady-receives-second-dose-sinopharm-vaccine|access-date=5 February 2021|website=statehouse.gov.sc}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# United Arab Emirates&lt;ref name=&quot;nyt-uae-wee-dec-12-2020&quot;&gt;{{#invoke:cite news||last1=Wee |first1=Sui-Lee |title=Chinese Covid-19 Vaccine Gets Key Push, but Doubts Swirl |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/09/business/china-coronavirus-vaccine-united-arab-emirates.html |access-date=12 December 2020 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=9 December 2020| name-list-style=vanc}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Coronavirus: UAE authorises emergency use of vaccine for frontline workers|url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/uae/health/coronavirus-uae-authorises-emergency-use-of-vaccine-for-frontline-workers-1.1077680|access-date=24 November 2020|website=The National|date=14 September 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{{-}}

;Emergency (&lt;section begin=&quot;Sinopharm BIBP_EN&quot; /&gt;106&lt;section end=&quot;Sinopharm BIBP_EN&quot; /&gt;)
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top: 0.3em; column-width: 15em;&quot;&gt;
# Afghanistan&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=China 'to provide 400,000 COVID vaccine doses' to Afghanistan|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/3/1/china-to-provide-400000-covid-vaccine-doses-to-afghanistan|access-date=22 March 2021|publisher=Al Jazeera}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Algeria&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||last=Presse|first=AFP-Agence France|title=Algeria Receives 200,000 Coronavirus Jabs From China|url=https://www.barrons.com/news/algeria-receives-200-000-coronavirus-jabs-from-china-01614270916|access-date=22 March 2021|website=Barrons}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Angola&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||date=25 March 2021|title=Angola recebeu doação chinesa de 200 mil doses de vacinas Sinopharm|url=https://www.noticiasaominuto.com/mundo/1718180/angola-recebeu-doacao-chinesa-de-200-mil-doses-de-vacinas-sinopharm|access-date=14 April 2021|website=Notícias ao Minuto|language=pt}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Argentina&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:cite news||last1=Biannchi|first1=Walter|date=21 February 2021|title=Argentina approves Sinopharm COVID-19 vaccine for emergency use|publisher=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-argentina-vaccine-idUSKBN2AL0P9|access-date=23 February 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Armenia&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
# Bangladesh&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:cite news||date=29 April 2021|title=Bangladesh approves emergency use of China's Sinopharm vaccine amid supply squeeze|publisher=[[bdnews24.com]]|url=https://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/2021/04/29/bangladesh-approves-emergency-use-of-chinas-sinopharm-vaccine-amid-supply-squeeze|access-date=29 April 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Belarus&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||date=15 March 2021|title=Belarus begins COVID-19 vaccinations with Chinese shots|url=https://eng.belta.by/society/view/belarus-begins-covid-19-vaccinations-with-chinese-shots-138222-2021/|access-date=16 March 2021|publisher=Belta}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Bhutan&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Bhutan receives 500,000 doses of COVID-19 vaccines through COVAX|url=https://www.unicef.org/rosa/press-releases/bhutan-receives-500000-doses-covid-19-vaccines-through-covax|access-date=15 July 2021|website=www.unicef.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Bolivia&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Bolivia begins inoculation with Sinopharm jabs |url=https://www.thestar.com.my/aseanplus/aseanplus-news/2021/02/26/bolivia-begins-inoculation-with-sinopharm-jabs|access-date=28 February 2021|website=The Star|location=Malaysia}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Bosnia and Herzegovina&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.sarajevotimes.com/finalized-contract-for-the-procurement-of-half-a-million-doses-of-sinopharm-vaccine/|title=Finalized Contract for the Procurement of half a Million Doses of Sinopharm Vaccine|date=2 July 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Brazil&lt;ref name=&quot;Agência Brasil&quot;&gt;{{#invoke:cite news||title=Covid-19: aumenta para sete o número de vacinas autorizadas no Brasil |url=https://agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br/radioagencia-nacional/saude/audio/2021-05/aumenta-para-sete-o-numero-de-vacinas-autorizadas-no-brasil |work=Agência Brasil |date=7 May 2021 |language=pt-br}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Brunei&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Vaccine donation from China arrives |url=https://www.thestar.com.my/aseanplus/aseanplus-news/2021/02/12/vaccine-donation-from-china-arrives|access-date=22 March 2021|website=The Star|location=Malaysia}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Burkina Faso&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
# Burundi&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
# Cambodia&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||last1=Rinith|first1=Taing|date=4 February 2021|title=Health Ministry grants Emergency Use Authorization to China's Sinopharm vaccine|url=https://www.khmertimeskh.com/50810677/health-ministry-grants-emergency-use-authorization-to-chinas-sinopharm-vaccine/|access-date=4 February 2021|work=Khmer Times|name-list-style=vanc}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Cameroon&lt;ref name=&quot;cdctracker&quot;/&gt;
# Cape Verde&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
# Chad&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||last=AfricaNews|date=6 June 2021|title=Chadians line up for Sinopharm as COVID-19 vaccination campaign begins|url=https://www.africanews.com/2021/06/06/chadians-line-up-for-sinopharm-as-covid-19-vaccination-campaign-begins/|access-date=6 June 2021|website=Africanews}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Comoros&lt;ref name=&quot;cdctracker&quot;/&gt;
# Congo-Brazzaville&lt;ref name=&quot;cdctracker&quot;/&gt;
# Cuba&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=28 August 2021|title=Cuba aplicará vacuna china Sinopharm junto a inoculaciones de desarrollo local|url=https://es.euronews.com/2021/08/28/salud-coronavirus-cuba-china|access-date=29 August 2021|website=euronews|language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Djibouti&lt;ref name=&quot;cdctracker&quot;/&gt;
# Dominican Republic&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:cite web||title=Ministro de Salud recibe su primera dosis de la vacuna Sinovac; asegura que el biológico es confiable |url=https://www.msp.gob.do/web/?p=11563 |website=Ministerio de Salud Pública |language=es |date=3 May 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Egypt&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Egypt licenses China's Sinopharm COVID-19 vaccine for emergency use: health minister – Xinhua |url=http://xinhuanet.com/english/2021-01/03/c_139637781.htm|publisher=Xinhuanet}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# El Salvador&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
# Equatorial Guinea&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=StackPath|url=https://dailynewsegypt.com/2021/02/17/equatorial-guinea-president-receives-1st-dose-of-chinese-covid-19-vaccine/|access-date=22 March 2021|website=dailynewsegypt}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Ethiopia&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite news||date=29 March 2021|title=Ethiopia to get 300,000 doses of Sinopharm COVID-19 shot, health minister says|publisher=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-healthcare-coronavirus-ethiopia-idUSKBN2BL1TE|access-date=14 April 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Gabon&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||date=12 March 2021|title=Gabon receives 100,000 doses of Sinopharm's vaccine from China|url=https://gabon24.ga/en/news/gabon-receives-100000-doses-of-sinopharms-vaccine-from-china/5155/|access-date=15 March 2021|publisher=Gabon 24}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Gambia&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
# Georgia&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||date=4 May 2021|title=Georgia Starts COVID-19 Vaccination with Sinopharm|url=https://civil.ge/archives/417469|access-date=9 May 2021|website=Civil.ge}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Guinea-Bissau&lt;ref name=&quot;cdctracker&quot;/&gt;
# Guinea&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
# Hungary&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Hungary signs deal for Chinese Sinopharm's COVID-19 vaccine, first in EU|url=https://nationalpost.com/pmn/health-pmn/hungary-signs-deal-for-chinese-sinopharms-covid-19-vaccine-first-in-eu|website=National Post}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;WashPost Hungary&quot; /&gt;
# Indonesia&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Indonesia approves Sinopharm COVID-19 vaccine for emergency use|url=https://english.kontan.co.id/news/indonesia-approves-sinopharm-covid-19-vaccine-for-emergency-use|website=Kontan|date=30 April 2021|access-date=30 April 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Iran&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||date=22 February 2021|title=Iran Launches Phase Two of Mass Inoculation Campaign|url=https://financialtribune.com/articles/national/107614/iran-launches-phase-two-of-mass-inoculation-campaign|access-date=23 February 2021|website=Financial Tribune}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Iraq&lt;ref name=&quot;bignewsnetwork.com&quot; /&gt;
# Ivory Coast&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
# Jordan&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=First batch of Chinese Sinopharm vaccine arrives in Jordan|url=https://en.royanews.tv/news/24716/2021-01-10|access-date=9 January 2021|publisher=Roya News}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Kazakhstan&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||last=Satubaldina|first=Assel|date=30 April 2021|title=Three Vaccines to Become Available to Kazakh Citizens|url=https://astanatimes.com/2021/04/three-vaccines-to-become-available-to-kazakh-citizens/|access-date=1 May 2021|website=The Astana Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Kenya&lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot; /&gt;
# Kiribati&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
# Kyrgyzstan&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||last=Kharizov|first=Ruslan|date=19 March 2021|title=150,000 doses of Sinopharm coronavirus vaccine delivered to Kyrgyzstan|url=https://24.kg/english/187138_150000_doses_of_Sinopharm_coronavirus_vaccine_delivered_to_Kyrgyzstan/|access-date=22 March 2021|website=24.kg}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Laos&lt;ref name=&quot;auto1&quot; /&gt;
# Lebanon&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||last1=Crean|first1=Rosabel|title=China donates 50,000 doses of Sinopharm vaccine to Lebanon|url=http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Lebanon-News/2021/Mar-01/517953-china-donates-50000-doses-of-sinopharm-vaccine-to-lebanon.ashx|access-date=2 March 2021|work=[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)|The Daily Star]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Lesotho&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
# Libya&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||date=2 August 2021|title=Libya gets 2 million Sinopharm doses with more expected|url=https://www.africanews.com/2021/08/02/libya-gets-2-million-sinopharm-doses-with-more-expected/|access-date=5 August 2021|website=[[Africanews]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Madagascar&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
# Malawi&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|last1=Zimmer|first1=Carl|last2=Corum|first2=Jonathan|last3=Wee|first3=Sui-Lee|date=10 June 2020|title=Coronavirus Vaccine Tracker|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/science/coronavirus-vaccine-tracker.html|access-date=29 August 2021|issn=0362-4331}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Malaysia&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite news||last=Latiff|first=Rozanna|date=16 July 2021|title=Malaysia approves China's Sinopharm vaccine for emergency use|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/health-coronavirus-malaysia-vaccine-idUSL4N2OS18D|access-date=16 July 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Maldives&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||last1=Rasheed|first1=Aishath Hanaan Hussain|title=MFDA approves Pfizer, Sinopharm Covid-19 vaccines for emergency use|url=https://raajje.mv/96801|access-date=16 March 2021|publisher=raajje.mv}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Mauritania&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Mauritania begins COVID-19 vaccination campaign|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/africa/mauritania-begins-covid-19-vaccination-campaign/2189322|access-date=29 March 2021|website=aa.com.tr}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Mauritius&lt;ref name=&quot;cdctracker&quot;/&gt;
# Mexico&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title= Comité de Moléculas Nuevas emite opiniones favorables por unanimidad sobre remdesivir y vacuna Sinopharm \|url=https://www.gob.mx/cofepris/es/articulos/comite-de-moleculas-nuevas-emite-opiniones-favorables-por-unanimidad-sobre-remdesivir-y-vacuna-sinopharm |website=www.gob.mx/cofepris |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title= Cofepris emite autorización para uso de emergencia a vacuna Sinopharm |url=https://www.gob.mx/cofepris/es/articulos/cofepris-emite-autorizacion-para-uso-de-emergencia-a-vacuna-sinopharm |website=www.gob.mx/cofepris |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Moldova&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||last=Cristina|date=19 March 2021|title=O mie de studenți și medici-rezidenți din cadrul USMF vor fi imunizați anti-COVID cu vaccinul BBIBP-CorV, produs de către Sinopharm Beijing Institute of Biological Products|url=https://www.zdg.md/stiri/stiri-sociale/o-mie-de-studenti-si-medici-rezidenti-din-cadrul-usmf-vor-fi-imunizati-anti-covid-cu-vaccinul-bbibp-corv-produs-de-catre-sinopharm-beijing-institute-of-biological-products/|access-date=19 March 2021|website=Ziarul de Gardă|language=ro-RO}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Mongolia&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Deputy PM and City Governor get the first dose of Sinopharm vaccine|url=https://www.montsame.mn/en/read/256205|access-date=15 March 2021|publisher=Montsame}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Montenegro&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Montenegro receives 30,000 doses of China's COVID-19 vaccine|url=http://seenews.com/news/montenegro-receives-30000-doses-of-chinas-covid-19-vaccine-733151|access-date=22 March 2021|website=seenews}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Morocco&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Covid-19: Morocco authorizes use of the Sinopharm vaccine|url=https://en.yabiladi.com/articles/details/104807/covid-19-morocco-authorizes-sinopharm-vaccine.html|website=yabiladi}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Mozambique&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:cite news||date=6 March 2021|title=Mozambique expects to vaccinate 16 million against coronavirus by 2022|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/health-coronavirus-mozambique/mozambique-expects-to-vaccinate-16-million-against-coronavirus-by-2022-idUSL5N2L35GH|access-date=7 March 2021|publisher=Reuters}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Myanmar&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Myanmar to use China-donated Sinopharm Covid vaccine|url=https://elevenmyanmar.com/news/myanmar-to-use-china-donated-sinopharm-covid-vaccine|access-date=20 June 2021|website=Eleven Media Group Co., Ltd}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Namibia&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||last=Namibian|first=The|title=Khomas, Erongo first to get vaccinated|url=https://www.namibian.com.na/index.php?page=read&amp;id=99946|access-date=17 March 2021|website=The Namibian}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Nepal&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||last1=Poudel|first1=Arjun|title=China's Shinopharm vaccine gets emergency use authorisation in Nepal|url=https://kathmandupost.com/health/2021/02/17/china-s-shinopharm-vaccine-gets-emergency-use-authorisation-in-nepal|access-date=19 February 2021|work=Kathmandu Post}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Nicaragua&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-59633388 |title=Nicaragua receives China vaccines after cutting ties with Taiwan |date= |publisher=[[BBC News]] |access-date=2022-03-04}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Niger&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=China donates 400,000 doses of Sinopharm COVID-19 vaccine to Niger|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/world/china-donates-400-000-doses-of-sinopharm-covid-19-vaccine-to-14461352|access-date=1 April 2021|website=CNA}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Nigeria&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=24 August 2021|title=Nigeria approves Sinopharm COVID vaccine, expects 7.7 mln doses|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/nigeria-approves-sinopharm-covid-vaccine-expects-77-mln-doses-2021-08-24/|access-date=28 August 2021|website=Reuters}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# North Korea&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite news||last1=Son|first1=Hyemin|last2=Ji|first2=Jeongeun |last3=Lee|first3=Myungchul|title=North Korea Has Been Importing Chinese COVID-19 Vaccines Since Early May |url=https://www.rfa.org/english/news/korea/vax-06152021112903.html |work=[[Radio Free Asia]] |date=15 June 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# North Macedonia&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||last=|first=|title=North Macedonia looks to Chinese vaccine to revive program|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Health/wireStory/north-macedonia-chinese-vaccine-revive-program-77418628|access-date=1 May 2021|website=ABC News}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Pakistan&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite news||last1=Shahzad|first1=Asif|date=19 January 2021|title=Pakistan approves Chinese Sinopharm COVID-19 vaccine for emergency use|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/health-coronavirus-pakistan-sinopharm/pakistan-approves-chinese-sinopharm-covid-19-vaccine-for-emergency-use-idUSKBN29O049|publisher=Reuters|name-list-style=vanc}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Palestine&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||last=|first=|title=What we know about China's Sinopharm COVID vaccine|url=https://www.thefinancialexpress.com.bd/national/what-we-know-about-chinas-sinopharm-covid-vaccine-1619625832|access-date=1 May 2021|website=The Financial Express}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Papua New Guinea&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||date=7 May 2021|title=Chinese vaccine to be gazetted|url=https://postcourier.com.pg/chinese-vaccine-to-be-gazetted/|access-date=21 May 2021|website=Post Courier}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Paraguay&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
# Peru&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite news||date=27 January 2021|title=Peru grants 'exceptional' approval for Sinopharm COVID-19 vaccine – government sources|publisher=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-peru/peru-grants-exceptional-approval-for-sinopharm-covid-19-vaccine-government-sources-idUSKBN29W2TL}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Philippines&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite news||author1=Aguilar, Krissy|title=PH approves Sinopharm COVID-19 vaccine for emergency use|url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1442960/ph-approves-sinopharm-covid-19-vaccine-for-emergency-use|publisher=Philippine Daily Inquirer|date=7 June 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Rwanda&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=12 August 2021|title=Rwanda to acquire Sinopharm vaccines next week|url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/rwanda-acquire-sinopharm-vaccines-next-week|access-date=28 August 2021|website=The New Times {{!}} Rwanda}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Senegal&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||last1=Asala|first1=Kizzi|title=Senegal Kicks Off COVID-19 Vaccination Campaign with China's Sinopharm|url=https://www.africanews.com/2021/02/18/senegal-kicks-off-covid-19-vaccination-campaign-with-china-s-sinopharm/|access-date=23 February 2021|publisher=Africanews}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Serbia&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Serbia Becomes First European Nation To Use China's Sinopharm Vaccine|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/serbia-covid-vaccine-china-sinopharm/31053091.html|website=RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Sierra Leone&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||last1=Thomas|first1=Abdul Rashid|date=15 March 2021|title=Sierra Leone's President Bio leads the way in taking COVID-19 Vaccine|url=https://www.thesierraleonetelegraph.com/sierra-leones-president-bio-leads-the-way-in-taking-covid-19-vaccine/|access-date=16 March 2021|work=Sierra Leone Telegraph}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Singapore&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=11 Singapore private healthcare providers allowed to bring in Sinopharm COVID-19 vaccine|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/sinopharm-covid-19-hsa-special-access-route-vaccine-sinovac-15337454|access-date=30 July 2021|website=CNA}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Solomon Islands&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Health Ministry Prepares for Sinopharm Roll Out - Solomon Times Online|url=https://www.solomontimes.com/news/health-ministry-prepares-for-sinopharm-roll-out/10856|access-date=21 May 2021|website=SolomonTimes}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Somalia&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||last=|date=15 April 2021|title=Somalia rolls out Sinopharm vaccines to boost fight against COVID-19|url=https://newsghana.com.gh/somalia-rolls-out-sinopharm-vaccines-to-boost-fight-against-covid-19/|access-date=18 April 2021|website=News Ghana}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# South Sudan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=27 August 2021|title=South Sudan to receive 100,000 doses of Sinopharm vaccines from China|url=https://jubaecho.com/2021/08/27/south-sudan-to-receive-100000-doses-of-sinopharm-vaccines-from-china/|access-date=29 August 2021|website=Juba echo|archive-date=29 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210829043217/https://jubaecho.com/2021/08/27/south-sudan-to-receive-100000-doses-of-sinopharm-vaccines-from-china/|url-status=dead|accessdate=6 October 2021|archivedate=29 August 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210829043217/https://jubaecho.com/2021/08/27/south-sudan-to-receive-100000-doses-of-sinopharm-vaccines-from-china/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Sri Lanka&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||date=19 March 2021|title=NMRA approves sinopharm vaccine for emergency use|url=https://colombogazette.com/2021/03/19/nmra-approves-sinopharm-vaccine-for-emergency-use/|access-date=29 March 2021|website=Colombo Gazette}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Sudan&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=China To Provide Sudan With 250,000 Doses Of Sinopharm Vaccine On Friday – Ambassador|url=https://www.urdupoint.com/en/world/china-to-provide-sudan-with-250000-doses-of-1203394.html|access-date=14 April 2021|website=UrduPoint}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=StackPath|url=https://dailynewsegypt.com/2021/03/28/china-donated-sinopharm-covid-19-vaccines-arrive-in-sudan/|access-date=14 April 2021|website=dailynewsegypt}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Syria&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
# Tanzania&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
# Thailand&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:cite news|| title = FDA approves use of Sinopharm vaccine | date = 28 May 2021 | url = https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/2123307/fda-approves-use-of-sinopharm-vaccine | work = [[Bangkok Post]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Tunisia&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=China's Sinopharm COVID-19 vaccine approved for marketing in Tunisia - Xinhua &amp;#124; English.news.cn|url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/africa/2021-07/13/c_1310057298.htm|access-date=21 July 2021|website=xinhuanet}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Turkmenistan&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=В Туркменистане от COVID бесплатно прививают китайской вакциной, российский &quot;Спутник&quot; можно купить|url=https://rus.azathabar.com/a/31190974.html|access-date=9 May 2021|website=Радио Азатлык|language=ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Vanuatu&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=PM to receive Sinopharm jab today|url=https://dailypost.vu/news/pm-to-receive-sinopharm-jab-today/article_353ada2c-cd65-11eb-96db-9308a7cd2ac1.html|access-date=15 June 2021|website=Vanuatu Daily Post}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Venezuela&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:cite news||last1=Sequera|first1=Vivian|date=1 March 2021|title=Venezuela approves use of China's Sinopharm coronavirus vaccine|publisher=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-venezuela-vaccine-idUSKCN2AT3T2|access-date=2 March 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Vietnam&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||date=4 June 2021|title=Vietnam approves China's Sinopharm vaccine for use against COVID-19|url=https://www.reuters.com/business/healthcare-pharmaceuticals/vietnam-approves-chinas-sinopharm-vaccine-use-against-covid-19-media-2021-06-04/|access-date=4 June 2021|website=Reuters}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Zambia&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||last=Sachiti|first=Roselyne|title=Zambia to get Sinopharm COVID-19 vaccines|url=https://www.herald.co.zw/zambia-to-get-sinopharm-covid-19-vaccines/|access-date=21 May 2021|website=The Herald}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Zimbabwe&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||last1=Mutsaka|first1=Farai|date=18 February 2021|title=Zimbabwe starts administering China's Sinopharm vaccines|url=https://www.thestar.com/news/world/africa/2021/02/18/zimbabwe-starts-administering-chinas-sinopharm-vaccines.html|access-date=20 February 2021|work=Toronto Star}}&lt;/ref&gt;
'''{{nowrap|[[Caribbean Public Health Agency|CARPHA]] countries}}'''&lt;ref&gt;https://www.carpha.org/Portals/0/Documents/COVID-19%20Vaccine%20Updates/CARPHA%20COVID-19%20Vaccine%20Update%20045%20November%2022%202021.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=March 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Antigua and Barbuda
# Bahamas
# Barbados
# Belize
# Dominica
# Grenada
# Guyana
# Haiti
# Jamaica
# Saint Kitts and Nevis
# Saint Lucia
# Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
# Suriname
# Trinidad and Tobago
&lt;br /&gt;'''[[List of ISO 3166-1 codes|Non-country entities]]'''&lt;!-- not counted --&gt;
* Anguilla{{efn|name=carphance}}
* Aruba{{efn|name=carphance}}
* British Virgin Islands{{efn|name=carphance}}
* Bermuda{{efn|name=carphance}}
* Caribbean Netherlands{{efn|name=carphance}}
* Cayman Islands{{efn|name=carphance}}
* Curaçao{{efn|name=carphance}}
* Macau&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||date=7 February 2021|title=Macau receives first batch of COVID-19 vaccines|url=https://www.asgam.com/index.php/2021/02/08/macau-receives-first-batch-of-covid-19-vaccines/|access-date=24 February 2021|website=IAG}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Montserrat{{efn|name=carphance}}
* Sint Maarten{{efn|name=carphance}}
* Turks and Caicos Islands{{efn|name=carphance}}
* ''[[World Health Organization]]''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite press release | title=WHO lists additional COVID-19 vaccine for emergency use and issues interim policy recommendations | publisher=[[World Health Organization]] (WHO) | date=7 May 2021 | url=https://www.who.int/news/item/07-05-2021-who-lists-additional-covid-19-vaccine-for-emergency-use-and-issues-interim-policy-recommendations | access-date=7 May 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=WHOEUA&gt;{{cite news | last=Taylor | first=Adam | title=WHO grants emergency use authorization for Chinese-made Sinopharm coronavirus vaccine | newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] | date=7 May 2021 | url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2021/05/07/who-sinopharm-emergency-use/ | access-date=7 May 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

;Travel-only
{{div col|colwidth=18em}}
* Andorra&lt;ref name=&quot;auto24&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://visitandorra.com/en/covid-19-in-andorra/faq-if-you-re-spending-a-few-days-in-andorra/|title=FAQ|website=Andorra Tourism|accessdate=2021-12-25|archivedate=2021-12-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211227065841/https://visitandorra.com/en/covid-19-in-andorra/faq-if-you-re-spending-a-few-days-in-andorra/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Australia&lt;ref name=&quot;AU recognized&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=International COVID-19 vaccines recognised by Australia | website=Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) | url=https://www.tga.gov.au/international-covid-19-vaccines-recognised-australia | access-date=26 November 2021 | accessdate=25 December 2021 | archivedate=7 February 2022 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220207080016/https://www.tga.gov.au/international-covid-19-vaccines-recognised-australia }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;tga-covaxin-bibp&quot;&gt;{{cite press release |date=1 November 2021 |title=TGA recognises two more COVID-19 vaccines not registered in Australia but used widely internationally |url=https://www.tga.gov.au/media-release/tga-recognises-two-more-covid-19-vaccines-not-registered-australia-used-widely-internationally |publisher=Therapeutic Goods Administration |access-date=11 November 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Austria&lt;ref name=&quot;auto10&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.austria.info/en/service-and-facts/coronavirus-information/entry-regulations|title=Coronavirus: Entry Regulations to Austria|website=www.austria.info}}&lt;/ref&gt; (only for entry)
* Bulgaria&lt;ref&gt;https://www.mh.government.bg/media/filer_public/2021/08/30/order_01-733_en_final.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211123001345/https://www.mh.government.bg/media/filer_public/2021/08/30/order_01-733_en_final.pdf |date=2021-11-23 }} {{Bare URL PDF|date=March 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Canada&lt;ref name=&quot;auto31&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://travel.gc.ca/travel-covid/travel-restrictions/covid-vaccinated-travellers-entering-canada|title=COVID-19 vaccinated travellers entering Canada - Travel restrictions in Canada|first=Global Affairs|last=Canada|date=8 April 2021|website=travel.gc.ca}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Chile&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.chile.travel/en/traveltochileplan/|title=Travel to Chile Plan|first=Mi|last=Bajón}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Costa Rica&lt;ref name=&quot;auto41&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.visitcostarica.com/es/costa-rica/planning-your-trip/entry-requirements|title=Requisitos de entrada|date=8 June 2016|website=Visit Costa Rica|accessdate=25 December 2021|archivedate=25 December 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211225175407/https://www.visitcostarica.com/es/costa-rica/planning-your-trip/entry-requirements}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Croatia&lt;ref name=&quot;auto19&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://mup.gov.hr/uzg-covid/english/286212|title=English|website=mup.gov.hr}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Cyprus&lt;ref name=&quot;auto15&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://cyprusflightpass.gov.cy/en/vaccinated-passengers |title=Vaccinated Passengers |publisher=Cyprus Flight Pass |date= |access-date=2022-03-04 |accessdate=2021-12-25 |archivedate=2022-03-06 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220306213314/https://cyprusflightpass.gov.cy/en/vaccinated-passengers }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Czech Republic&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author=Čeština |url=https://koronavirus.mzcr.cz/en/recognition-of-vaccination-certificates-from-other-countries/ |title=Recognition of vaccination certificates from other countries – Aktuální informace o COVID-19 |publisher=Koronavirus.mzcr.cz |date=2021-04-21 |access-date=2022-03-04}}&lt;/ref&gt; (only for Hungarian citizens and EU nationals vaccinated in Hungary)
* Estonia&lt;ref name=&quot;auto26&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://kkk.kriis.ee/en/faq/covid-19-vaccination/vaccines#q10069311|title=Questions and answers on coronavirus, related decisions and changes: Vaccines|website=kkk.kriis.ee|accessdate=2021-12-25|archivedate=2021-12-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211225084747/https://kkk.kriis.ee/en/faq/covid-19-vaccination/vaccines#q10069311}}&lt;/ref&gt; (only if approved in a person's country of origin)
* Finland&lt;ref name=&quot;auto37&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Vaccine series accepted in Finland - Infectious diseases and vaccinations - THL|url=https://thl.fi/en/web/infectious-diseases-and-vaccinations/what-s-new/coronavirus-covid-19-latest-updates/travel-and-the-coronavirus-pandemic/which-vaccines-are-accepted-at-the-points-of-entry-into-the-country-|access-date=16 November 2021|website=Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Finland|accessdate=25 December 2021|archivedate=16 November 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211116182910/https://thl.fi/en/web/infectious-diseases-and-vaccinations/what-s-new/coronavirus-covid-19-latest-updates/travel-and-the-coronavirus-pandemic/which-vaccines-are-accepted-at-the-points-of-entry-into-the-country-}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Greece&lt;ref name=&quot;auto27&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://news.gtp.gr/2021/08/11/greece-accepting-most-covid-19-vaccines-for-travel/|title=Greece Accepting Most Covid-19 Vaccines for Travel|date=11 August 2021|website=GTP Headlines|accessdate=25 December 2021|archivedate=8 December 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211208101400/https://news.gtp.gr/2021/08/11/greece-accepting-most-covid-19-vaccines-for-travel/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Grenada&lt;ref name=&quot;auto8&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://covid19.gov.gd/vaccinated-travellers/ |title=Vaccinated Travellers – Ministry Of Health – Government of Grenada |publisher=Covid19.gov.gd |date=2020-11-06 |access-date=2022-03-04 |accessdate=2021-12-25 |archivedate=2022-03-18 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220318190925/https://covid19.gov.gd/vaccinated-travellers/ }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Hong Kong&lt;ref name=&quot;HK&quot;/&gt;
* Iceland&lt;ref name=&quot;auto18&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.landlaeknir.is/um-embaettid/greinar/grein/item44162/certificate-of-vaccination-against-covid-19-accepted-at-the-border|title=Certificates of vaccination accepted at the border in Iceland for exemption of border measures due to COVID-19|website=www.landlaeknir.is|accessdate=2021-12-25|archivedate=2021-11-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211105184914/https://www.landlaeknir.is/um-embaettid/greinar/grein/item44162/certificate-of-vaccination-against-covid-19-accepted-at-the-border}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ireland&lt;ref name=&quot;auto11&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.gov.ie/en/publication/77952-government-advice-on-international-travel/|title=Government advice on international travel|website=www.gov.ie|accessdate=2021-12-25|archivedate=2021-11-16|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211116193913/https://www.gov.ie/en/publication/77952-government-advice-on-international-travel/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Latvia&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.spkc.gov.lv/lv/valstu-saslimstibas-raditaji-ar-covid-19-0 |title=Valstu saraksti |language=lv  |publisher=SPKC |date= |access-date=2022-03-04}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Liechtenstein&lt;ref name=&quot;auto28&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://tourismus.li/en/our-country/about-liechtenstein/current-information-on-covid-19-in-the-principality-of-liechtenstein/|title=Current information on COVID-19 in the Principality of Liechtenstein|website=tourismus.li|accessdate=2021-12-25|archivedate=2021-12-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211227065825/https://tourismus.li/en/our-country/about-liechtenstein/current-information-on-covid-19-in-the-principality-of-liechtenstein/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* New Zealand&lt;ref name=&quot;auto9&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://covid19.govt.nz/international-travel/travel-to-new-zealand/vaccination-requirements-for-travel-to-new-zealand/|title=Vaccination requirements for travel to New Zealand|website=Unite against COVID-19}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Oman&lt;ref name=&quot;auto36&quot;&gt;https://presspage-production-content.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/2571/travelguideen-ar3.pdf?10000 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211019030610/https://presspage-production-content.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/2571/travelguideen-ar3.pdf?10000 |date=2021-10-19 }} {{Bare URL inline|date=March 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Panama&lt;ref name=&quot;auto35&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://es.tourismpanama.com/planea-tus-vacaciones/avisos/|title=Protocolos COVID-19|website=tourismpanama}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Portugal&lt;ref name=&quot;visitmadeira1&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.visitmadeira.pt/en-gb/useful-info/corona-virus-(covid-19)/information-to-visitors-(covid-19)|title = Information COVID 19}}&lt;/ref&gt; (only in Madeira)
* Qatar&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite news||author1=Arslan|title=Qatar gives conditional approval for Sinopharm Vaccine|url=https://covid19.moph.gov.qa/EN/travel-and-return-policy/Pages/default.asp|publisher=qaziarslantariq|date=1 August 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Saudi Arabia (for short visits, [[Hajj]] and [[Umrah]] only)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://covid19.cdc.gov.sa/update-vaccinated-individuals-for-the-purpose-of-coming-to-the-kingdom-december-2021/# |title=Update vaccinated individuals (for the purpose of coming to the kingdom) December 2021 - Public Health Authority |publisher=Covid19.cdc.gov.sa |date= |access-date=2022-03-04 }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Slovakia&lt;ref name=&quot;auto29&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.mic.iom.sk/en/news/637-covid-19-measures.html|title=COVID-19: official measures and important information (updated continually) - IOM Migration information center|website=www.mic.iom.sk|accessdate=2021-12-25|archivedate=2021-12-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211225104008/https://www.mic.iom.sk/en/news/637-covid-19-measures.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Slovenia&lt;ref name=&quot;auto30&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.gov.si/en/topics/coronavirus-disease-covid-19/border-crossing/|title=Border Crossing &amp;#124; GOV.SI|website=Portal GOV.SI}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* South Korea&lt;ref name=&quot;auto42&quot;&gt;https://www.koreanair.com/kr/en/travel-update/covid19/travel-restriction/korea {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210730154938/https://www.koreanair.com/kr/en/travel-update/covid19/travel-restriction/korea |date=2021-07-30 }} {{Bare URL inline|date=March 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Spain&lt;ref name=&quot;auto40&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Certificado Covid Digital De La Ue Y Otros Certificados|url=https://www.mscbs.gob.es/profesionales/saludPublica/sanidadExterior/CHS/Pdf/FAQs_CERTIFICADO_DIGITAL_COVID-19-UE_y_OTROS_CERTIFICADOS_ES_071021_v6.pdf|accessdate=2021-12-25|archivedate=2021-11-30|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211130032702/https://www.mscbs.gob.es/profesionales/saludPublica/sanidadExterior/CHS/Pdf/FAQs_CERTIFICADO_DIGITAL_COVID-19-UE_y_OTROS_CERTIFICADOS_ES_071021_v6.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* St. Kitts and Nevis&lt;ref name=&quot;auto33&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://covid19.gov.kn/travel-protocols/|title=Travel Protocols – GOVERNMENT OF ST. KITTS AND NEVIS}}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* St. Lucia&lt;ref name=&quot;auto17&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.stlucia.org/en/covid-19/faqs/|title=NEW-FAQs|website=Saint Lucia Tourism Authority|accessdate=2021-12-25|archivedate=2022-12-08|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221208103421/https://www.stlucia.org/en/covid-19/faqs/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* St. Vincent and the Grenadines&lt;ref name=&quot;auto21&quot;&gt;http://health.gov.vc/health/images/PDF/SVG_Health_Services_Subcommittee_Protocol_for_Fully_Vaccinated_Travelers_to_SVG_10112021.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=March 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Sweden&lt;ref name=&quot;auto38&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Certificate requirements for foreign nationals travelling to Sweden - The Public Health Agency of Sweden|url=https://www.folkhalsomyndigheten.se/the-public-health-agency-of-sweden/communicable-disease-control/covid-19/if-you-are-planning-to-travel/negative-covid-19-test-required-for-entry-into-sweden/|access-date=16 November 2021|website=www.folkhalsomyndigheten.se|accessdate=25 December 2021|archivedate=16 November 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211116182910/https://www.folkhalsomyndigheten.se/the-public-health-agency-of-sweden/communicable-disease-control/covid-19/if-you-are-planning-to-travel/negative-covid-19-test-required-for-entry-into-sweden/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Switzerland&lt;ref name=&quot;auto39&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.bag.admin.ch/bag/en/home/krankheiten/ausbrueche-epidemien-pandemien/aktuelle-ausbrueche-epidemien/novel-cov/empfehlungen-fuer-reisende/quarantaene-einreisende.html|title=Coronavirus: Entering Switzerland|first=Federal Office of Public Health|last=FOPH|website=www.bag.admin.ch|accessdate=2021-12-25|archivedate=2020-07-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200724080307/https://www.bag.admin.ch/bag/en/home/krankheiten/ausbrueche-epidemien-pandemien/aktuelle-ausbrueche-epidemien/novel-cov/empfehlungen-fuer-reisende/quarantaene-einreisende.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* The Netherlands&lt;ref name=&quot;auto25&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.government.nl/topics/coronavirus-covid-19/visiting-the-netherlands-from-abroad/requirements-for-proof-of-vaccination|title=Travelling to the Netherlands with proof of vaccination - Coronavirus COVID-19 - Government.nl|first=Ministerie van Algemene|last=Zaken|date=12 November 2021|website=www.government.nl}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Turkey&lt;ref name=&quot;auto12&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.visasturkey.com/vaccinations-for-turkey/|title=Vaccinations for Turkey: Do I need an Approved COVID Vaccine?|date=10 April 2019|accessdate=25 December 2021|archivedate=16 November 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211116191928/https://www.visasturkey.com/vaccinations-for-turkey/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ukraine&lt;ref name=&quot;auto22&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://visitukraine.today/|title=Visit Ukraine - Information and Rules|website=Visit Ukraine}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* United Kingdom&lt;ref name=&quot;auto34&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/travel-updatenew-guidance-for-people-vaccinated-under-who-emergency-use-listing-and-under-18s|title=Travel update: new guidance for people vaccinated under WHO Emergency Use Listing and under 18s|website=GOV.UK}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* United States&lt;ref name=&quot;auto16&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/travelers/proof-of-vaccination.html|title=COVID-19 and Your Health|date=11 February 2020|website=U.S. [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] (CDC)}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Uruguay&lt;ref name=&quot;auto14&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.gub.uy/ministerio-salud-publica/comunicacion/publicaciones/requisitos-para-ingreso-uruguay-personas-nacionales-extranjeras|title=Requisitos para el ingreso a Uruguay de personas nacionales o extranjeras|website=Ministerio de Salud Pública}}&lt;/ref&gt; (only if approved in a person's country of origin)
{{div col end}}
{{-}}

== Sputnik V ==
&lt;section begin=&quot;sputnikauthmap&quot; /&gt;
{{infobox
| image            = {{Graph:Map|scale=65|defaultValue=gainsboro
|AE=dodgerblue|AG=dodgerblue|AM=dodgerblue|AO=dodgerblue|AR=dodgerblue|AU=turquoise|AZ=dodgerblue
|BA=dodgerblue|BD=dodgerblue|BH=dodgerblue|BO=dodgerblue|BR=dodgerblue|BY=dodgerblue
|CG=dodgerblue|CI=dodgerblue|CL=dodgerblue|CM=dodgerblue|CY=turquoise
|DJ=dodgerblue|DZ=dodgerblue
|EE=turquoise|EC=dodgerblue|EG=dodgerblue
|GA=dodgerblue|GH=dodgerblue|GM=dodgerblue|GN=dodgerblue|GR=turquoise|GT=dodgerblue|GY=dodgerblue
|HK=turquoise|HN=dodgerblue|HU=dodgerblue
|ID=dodgerblue|IL=turquoise|IN=dodgerblue|IQ=dodgerblue|IR=dodgerblue
|JO=dodgerblue
|KE=dodgerblue|KG=dodgerblue|KH=dodgerblue|KZ=dodgerblue
|LA=dodgerblue|LB=dodgerblue|LK=dodgerblue|LY=dodgerblue
|MA=dodgerblue|MD=dodgerblue|ME=dodgerblue|MK=dodgerblue|ML=dodgerblue|MM=dodgerblue|MN=dodgerblue|MU=dodgerblue|MV=dodgerblue|MX=dodgerblue|MY=turquoise
|NA=dodgerblue|NG=dodgerblue|NI=dodgerblue|NP=dodgerblue
|OM=dodgerblue|NZ=turquoise
|PA=dodgerblue|PE=dodgerblue|PH=dodgerblue|PK=dodgerblue|PS=dodgerblue|PY=dodgerblue
|RS=dodgerblue|RU=blueviolet|RW=dodgerblue
|SA=turquoise|SC=dodgerblue|SI=turquoise|SK=darkorange|SM=dodgerblue|SY=dodgerblue
|TH=turquoise|TJ=dodgerblue|TM=blueviolet|TN=dodgerblue|TR=dodgerblue
|UZ=blueviolet
|VC=dodgerblue|VE=dodgerblue|VN=dodgerblue
|ZA=red|ZW=dodgerblue
}}
| caption          = {{leftlegend|blueviolet|Full authorization}}
{{leftlegend|dodgerblue|Emergency authorization}}
{{leftlegend|darkorange|Authorization expired}}
{{leftlegend|turquoise|Allowed for travel}}
{{leftlegend|red|Rejected}}
}}
&lt;section end=&quot;sputnikauthmap&quot; /&gt;
The [[Sputnik V COVID-19 vaccine]] is a [[viral vector vaccine]]&lt;ref name=&quot;NCT04436471&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|date=17 June 2020|title=An Open Study of the Safety, Tolerability and Immunogenicity of the Drug &quot;Gam-COVID-Vac&quot; Vaccine Against COVID-19|url=https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04436471|access-date=5 March 2021|website=[[ClinicalTrials.gov]]|publisher=[[United States National Library of Medicine]]|id=NCT04436471}}&lt;/ref&gt; produced by the Russian [[Gamaleya Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology]].
;Full (&lt;section begin=&quot;Sputnik V_FN&quot; /&gt;3&lt;section end=&quot;Sputnik V_FN&quot; /&gt;)
# Russia&lt;ref name=&quot;burki&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|vauthors=Burki TK|date=November 2020|title=The Russian vaccine for COVID-19|journal=The Lancet. Respiratory Medicine|volume=8|issue=11|pages=e85–e86|doi=10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30402-1|pmc=7837053|pmid=32896274|doi-access=free|title-link=doi}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=4 February 2022|title=Sputnik V vaccine granted full permanent approval in Russia|work=[[PR Newswire]]|url=https://www.prnewswire.com/in/news-releases/sputnik-v-vaccine-granted-full-permanent-approval-in-russia-879907727.html|access-date=8 February 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Turkmenistan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=18 January 2021|title=Turkmenistan is the first in Central Asia to have registered 'Sputnik V' vaccine|work=Orient|url=https://orient.tm/en/turkmenistan-is-the-first-in-central-asia-to-have-registered-sputnik-v-vaccine/|accessdate=7 July 2021|archivedate=27 January 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127203020/https://orient.tm/en/turkmenistan-is-the-first-in-central-asia-to-have-registered-sputnik-v-vaccine/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=22 January 2021|title=Session of the Cabinet of Ministers of Turkmenistan |work=Turkmenistan today |url=https://tdh.gov.tm/en/post/25815/objectives-of-increasing-national-health-system%E2%80%99s-potential-discussed}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Uzbekistan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=17 February 2021|title=Uzbekistan Certifies Russia's Sputnik Vaccine For Mass Use|publisher=Agence France-Presse (Barron's)|url=https://www.barrons.com/news/uzbekistan-certifies-russia-s-sputnik-vaccine-for-mass-use-01613559912}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{{-}}
;Emergency (&lt;section begin=&quot;Sputnik V_EN&quot; /&gt;76&lt;section end=&quot;Sputnik V_EN&quot; /&gt;)
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top: 0.3em; column-width: 15em;&quot;&gt;
# Albania&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
# Algeria&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=10 January 2021|title=Covid19: National Pharmaceuticals Agency registers Sputnik V vaccine|work=Algeria Press service|url=https://www.aps.dz/en/health-science-technology/37478-covid19-national-pharmaceuticals-agency-registers-sputnik-v-vaccine}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Angola&lt;ref name=&quot;Reuters idUSR4N2K301A&quot; /&gt;
# Antigua and Barbuda&lt;ref&gt;{{cite press release|title=Antigua and Barbuda authorizes Sputnik V|url=https://sputnikvaccine.com/newsroom/pressreleases/antigua-and-barbuda-authorizes-sputnik-v/|website=sputnikvaccine.com|date=26 March 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Argentina&lt;ref&gt;{{cite press release|title=Argentina has registered the Sputnik V vaccine based on Russian clinical trial data|url=https://sputnikvaccine.com/newsroom/pressreleases/argentina-has-registered-the-sputnik-v-vaccine-based-on-russian-clinical-trial-data-/|access-date=1 January 2021|publisher=Gamaleya Center}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Armenia&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=1 February 2021|title=Armenia approves Russia's Sputnik V coronavirus vaccine -Russia's RDIF|publisher=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/health-coronavirus-russia-vaccine-armeni/armenia-approves-russias-sputnik-v-coronavirus-vaccine-russias-rdif-idUSR4N2J304T|access-date=1 February 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Azerbaijan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=12 March 2021|title=Azerbaijan approves Russia's Sputnik V vaccine for use against COVID-19 -Azeri health ministry|publisher=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/health-coronavirus-russia-azerbaijan/azerbaijan-approves-russias-sputnik-v-vaccine-for-use-against-covid-19-azeri-health-ministry-idUSR4N2IW02L}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Russian Direct Investment Fund|url=https://rdif.ru/Eng_fullNews/6524/|access-date=1 April 2021|website=rdif.ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Bahrain&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=10 February 2021|title=Bahrain authorises Sputnik V COVID-19 vaccine for emergency use – Bahrain TV|publisher=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/health-coronavirus-bahrain-vaccine-int-idUSKBN2AA1GW|access-date=19 February 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Bangladesh&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=27 April 2021|title=Bangladesh approves Russia's Sputnik V Covid-19 vaccine for emergency use|publisher=[[Dhaka Tribune]]|url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/2021/04/27/bangladesh-approves-russia-s-sputnik-v-vaccine-for-emergency-use|access-date=27 April 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Belarus&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=21 December 2020|title=Belarus registers Sputnik V vaccine, in first outside Russia – RDIF|publisher=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-vaccine-belarus/belarus-registers-sputnik-v-vaccine-in-first-outside-russia-rdif-idINKBN28V0ZG|access-date=22 December 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Bolivia&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Ministerio de Salud de Bolivia – Bolivia y Rusia firman contrato para adquirir 5,2 millones de dosis de la vacuna Sputnik-V contra la COVID-19|work=minsalud.gob.bo|url=https://www.minsalud.gob.bo/5114-bolivia-y-rusia-firman-contrato-para-adquirir-5-2-millones-de-dosis-de-la-vacuna-sputnik-v-contra-el-covid-19|access-date=1 January 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Bosnia and Herzegovina&lt;ref name=&quot;Tass 20210205&quot;&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||date=5 February 2021|title=Sputnik V vaccine registered in Bosnia and Herzegovina's Republika Srpska|url=https://tass.com/world/1253307|access-date=8 February 2021|agency=TASS}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Brazil&lt;ref name=&quot;g1.globo.com&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Anvisa aprova, com restrições, a importação excepcional de doses da Covaxin e Sputnik V |trans-title=Anvisa approves import of doses of Covaxin and Sputnik V, with restrictions |url=https://g1.globo.com/bemestar/vacina/noticia/2021/06/04/anvisa-covaxin-sputnik-v.ghtml |access-date=4 June 2021 |work=G1 |agency=Globo |date=4 June 2021 |language=Portuguese}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''(restricted)''
# Cambodia&lt;ref name=&quot;auto20&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Russian Direct Investment Fund|url=https://rdif.ru/Eng_fullNews/7138/|access-date=5 November 2021|website=rdif.ru|archive-date=5 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211105013012/https://rdif.ru/Eng_fullNews/7138/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Cameroon&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=19 March 2021|title=Cameroon approves Russia's Sputnik V coronavirus vaccine for use – RDIF|publisher=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/health-coronavirus-vaccine-russia-camero-idUSR4N2HG02H}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Chile&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile|url=https://www.ispch.cl/noticia/isp-aprueba-uso-de-emergencia-e-importacion-de-la-vacuna-sputnik-v/|access-date=21 July 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Congo-Brazzaville&lt;ref name=&quot;Reuters idUSR4N2K301A&quot; /&gt;
# Djibouti&lt;ref name=&quot;Reuters idUSR4N2K301A&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Angola, Congo Republic and Djibouti approve Russia's Sputnik V vaccine |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/health-coronavirus-russia-vaccine-angola-idUSR4N2K301A |publisher=Reuters |date=3 March 2021 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Ecuador&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Arcsa autoriza el ingreso al Ecuador de vacuna Sputnik V|work=www.controlsanitario.gob.ec|url=https://www.controlsanitario.gob.ec/arcsa-autoriza-el-ingreso-al-ecuador-de-vacuna-sputnik-v/|date=14 May 2021|access-date=15 May 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Egypt&lt;ref name=&quot;Gulf News&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=COVID-19: Egypt authorises Sputnik V, AstraZeneca virus jabs|work=Gulf News|url=https://gulfnews.com/world/mena/covid-19-egypt-authorises-sputnik-v-astrazeneca-virus-jabs-1.1614189861208|access-date=24 February 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Gabon&lt;ref&gt;{{cite press release|title=Sputnik V authorised in Gabon|url=https://sputnikvaccine.com/newsroom/pressreleases/sputnik-v-authorized-in-gabon/|access-date=17 February 2021|publisher=Gamaleya Center}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Gambia&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Farmacovigilancia de vacunas para COVID-19 - Gamaleya Sputnik V; Sputnik Light|url=https://covid-19pharmacovigilance.paho.org/|access-date=9 October 2021|website=Farmacovigilancia de vacunas para COVID-19}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Ghana&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=20 February 2021|title=Ghana approves Russia's Sputnik V vaccine for emergency use – RDIF|agency=[[Reuters]]|url=https://news.trust.org/item/20210220072758-kzlw8/|accessdate=7 July 2021|archivedate=19 March 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210319084048/https://news.trust.org/item/20210220072758-kzlw8/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Guatemala&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Guatemala authorizes Sputnik V|url=https://www.pharmiweb.com/press-release/2021-02-26/guatemala-authorizes-sputnik-v|access-date=1 April 2021|website=PharmiWeb}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Guinea&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=31 December 2020|title=Guinea Begins Administering Russia's Sputnik V Covid-19 Vaccine|work=Africa news|url=https://www.africanews.com/2020/12/31/guinea-begins-administering-russia-s-sputnik-v-covid-19-vaccine/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Guyana&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=3 March 2021|title=Russia's Sputnik V vaccine expands its reach in Latin America|publisher=CNN|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2021/03/03/americas/sputnik-latin-america-spreads-intl-latam/index.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Honduras&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=25 February 2021|title=Honduras approves use of Sputnik V vaccine against COVID-19|publisher=Xinhuanet|url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2021-02/25/c_139764745.htm|accessdate=7 July 2021|archivedate=10 March 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210310013921/http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2021-02/25/c_139764745.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Hungary&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Hungarian drug regulator approves Sputnik V vaccine: website |url=https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2021/02/07/hungary-approves-russias-sputnik-v-vaccine-a72853 |work=The Moscow Times |date=7 February 2021 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Tass 20210205&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;WashPost Hungary&quot;&gt;{{cite news | last=Spike | first=Justin | title=Hungary approves 2 more vaccines from outside EU amid spike |agency=Associated Press |website=ABC News | date=22 March 2021 | url=https://abcnews.go.com/Health/wireStory/hungary-approves-vaccines-eu-amid-spike-76604743 | access-date=14 July 2021 |name-list-style=vanc}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# India&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=India approves Russia's 'Sputnik V' COVID-19 vaccine: Economic Times |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/health-coronavirus-india-vaccine/india-approves-russias-sputnik-v-covid-19-vaccine-economic-times-idUSKBN2BZ11Y |publisher=Reuters |date=12 April 2021 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Indonesia&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=|first=|date=25 August 2021|title=BPOM Terbitkan Izin Darurat Vaksin Rusia Sputnik-V|url=https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20210825111626-20-685041/bpom-terbitkan-izin-darurat-vaksin-rusia-sputnik-v|access-date=25 August 2021|website=CNN Indonesia|language=id-ID}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Iran&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=26 January 2021|title=Iran approves Russian coronavirus vaccine Sputnik V|publisher=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-russia-iran/iran-approves-russian-coronavirus-vaccine-sputnik-v-for-use-idUSKBN29V1A8}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Iraq&lt;ref&gt;{{cite press release|title=Sputnik V authorized in Iraq|url=https://www.pharmiweb.com/press-release/2021-03-05/sputnik-v-authorized-in-iraq|publisher=PharmiWeb.com|date=4 March 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Ivory Coast&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot; /&gt;
# Jordan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite press release|title=Jordan approves Russia's Sputnik V vaccine for use against COVID-19|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/health-coronavirus-russia-jordan-vaccine/jordan-approves-russias-sputnik-v-vaccine-for-use-against-covid-19-idUSL1N2L8241|publisher=Reuters|date=10 March 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Kazakhstan&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||date=1 February 2021|title=Kazakhstan begins mass vaccination by Russian Sputnik V|url=https://www.neweurope.eu/article/kazakhstan-has-began-mass-vaccination-by-russian-sputnik-v/|access-date=19 February 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Kenya&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=10 March 2021|title=Morocco, Kenya approve Russian coronavirus vaccine for use – RDIF|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-health-coronavirus-vaccine-russia-ken-idUSKBN2B2130|access-date=12 March 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Kyrgyzstan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite press release|title=Sputnik V registered in Kyrgyzstan|url=https://sputnikvaccine.com/newsroom/pressreleases/sputnik-v-registered-in-kyrgyzstan/|website=Gamaleya Center|date=23 February 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Laos&lt;ref name=&quot;auto1&quot;&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Laos declares Covid-19 vaccinations safe, more to be inoculated next week |url=https://www.thestar.com.my/aseanplus/aseanplus-news/2021/01/06/laos-declares-covid-19-vaccinations-safe-more-to-be-inoculated-next-week|access-date=19 February 2021|website=The Star|location=Malaysia}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Lebanon&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=5 February 2021|title=Lebanon authorises emergency use of Russia's Sputnik V vaccine|agency=[[Reuters]]|url=https://news.trust.org/item/20210205151526-w0bv2/|accessdate=7 July 2021|archivedate=19 March 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210319084134/https://news.trust.org/item/20210205151526-w0bv2/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Libya&lt;ref name=&quot;auto4&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;auto5&quot; /&gt;
# Maldives&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Maldives approves Russia's Sputnik V COVID-19 vaccine|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/health-coronavirus-vaccine-russia-maldiv/maldives-approves-russias-sputnik-v-covid-19-vaccine-idUSR4N2MN00D|website=reuters.com|date=13 May 2021|access-date=13 May 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Mali&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=30 March 2021|title=Mali approves Russia's Sputnik V vaccine – Russian sovereign wealth fund|publisher=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-health-coronavirus-russia-mali-vaccin/mali-approves-russias-sputnik-v-vaccine-russian-sovereign-wealth-fund-idUSKBN2BM0Y5}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Mauritius&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=22 March 2021|title=Mauritius approves Russia's Sputnik V coronavirus vaccine – Russian RDIF fund|publisher=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/health-coronavirus-vaccine-russia-maurit/mauritius-approves-russias-sputnik-v-coronavirus-vaccine-russian-rdif-fund-idUSR4N2KP01G}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Mexico&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=3 February 2021|title=Mexico, Germany warm to Russia's Sputnik V virus vaccine|work=The Jakarta Post|url=https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2021/02/03/mexico-germany-warm-to-russias-sputnik-v-virus-vaccine-.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Moldova&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;
# Mongolia&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=9 February 2021|title=Mongolia Approves Russia's Sputnik V Coronavirus Vaccine – RDIF|publisher=Urdu Point|url=https://www.urdupoint.com/en/world/mongolia-approves-russias-sputnik-v-coronavi-1163730.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Montenegro&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=12 February 2021|title=Montenegro and St. Vincent approve Russia's Sputnik V vaccine – RDIF|publisher=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-russia-vaccine-mon/montenegro-and-st-vincent-approve-russias-sputnik-v-vaccine-rdif-idUSKBN2AC0QZ}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Morocco&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=11 March 2021|title=Morocco orders one million doses of Russia's Sputnik V vaccine|publisher=Yabiladi|url=https://en.yabiladi.com/articles/details/107075/morocco-orders-million-doses-russia-s.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Myanmar&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Myanmar registers Russia's Sputnik V COVID-19 vaccine|url=https://tass.com/world/1253415|access-date=19 February 2021|publisher=Tass}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Namibia&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Russian Direct Investment Fund|url=https://rdif.ru/Eng_fullNews/6520/|access-date=1 April 2021|website=rdif.ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Nepal&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Reuters Staff|date=20 April 2021|title=Nepal approves Russia's Sputnik V COVID-19 vaccine|work=[[Reuters]]|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/health-coronavirus-nepal-idINL4N2MD3KU|access-date=23 April 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Nicaragua&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=3 February 2021|title=Nicaragua approves Russian COVID-19 vaccine|work=Associated Press|url=https://apnews.com/article/nicaragua-europe-russia-health-coronavirus-pandemic-82f9744bcf62d1689683c56455ecf15a |access-date=2 June 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Nigeria&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Sputnik V vaccine approved in Nigeria |url=https://rdif.ru/fullNews/6937/ |access-date=18 July 2021 |work=Russian Direct Investment Fund |date=15 July 2021 |archive-date=18 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210718122835/https://rdif.ru/fullNews/6937/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
# North Macedonia&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||date=7 March 2021|title=NRussia's Sputnik V COVID 19 vaccine registered in North Macedonia|url=https://tass.com/coronavirus-outbreak-in-china/1263509|publisher=[[TASS]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Oman&lt;ref name=&quot;oman-coronavac-sputnik&quot;/&gt;
# Pakistan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=24 January 2021|title=Govt okays Russian vaccine for 'emergency use'|work=Dawn|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1603273}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Palestine&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=11 January 2021|title=Palestine has become the first country in the Middle East to register Sputnik V vaccine|work=RFID|url=https://rdif.ru/Eng_fullNews/6279/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Panama&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Panama approves use of Russian vaccine |url=https://www.newsroompanama.com/news/panama-approves-use-of-russian-vaccine |access-date=2 April 2021 |work=Newsroom Panama |date=1 April 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Paraguay&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=15 January 2021|title=Paraguay approves Russia's Sputnik V vaccine: RDIF|publisher=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/health-coronavirus-russia-vaccine-paragu/paraguay-approves-russias-sputnik-v-vaccine-rdif-idUSR4N2J303Y|access-date=15 January 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Peru&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||date=20 July 2021|title=Perú anuncia acuerdo para compra de 20 millones de dosis de la vacuna Sputnik V|url=https://elperuano.pe/noticia/125005-gobierno-firma-contrato-para-compra-de-20-millones-de-dosis-de-la-vacuna-sputnik-v|access-date=5 August 2021|website=[[El Peruano]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Philippines&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://cnnphilippines.com/news/2021/3/19/Russia-Gamaleya-emergency-use-PH.html |title=Russia's Sputnik V approved for emergency use in PH |date=19 March 2021 |website=[[CNN Philippines]] |access-date=19 March 2021 |accessdate=7 July 2021 |archivedate=19 March 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210319023615/https://cnnphilippines.com/news/2021/3/19/Russia-Gamaleya-emergency-use-PH.html }}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Rwanda&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
# Saint Vincent and the Grenadines&lt;ref name=&quot;auto2&quot;&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||date=11 February 2021|title=Public Health (Emergency Authorisation of COVID-19 Vaccine) Rules, 2021|url=https://www.gov.vc/images/pdf_documents/SRO-Public_Health_Emergency_Authorisation_of_Covid-19_Vaccine.pdf|access-date=12 February 2021|website=Government of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# San Marino&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=20 February 2021|title=San Marino buys the Sputnik vaccine: &quot;First doses already in the next few days&quot;|work=Unioneonline|url=https://www.unionesarda.it/en/articolo/news/mondo/2021/02/19/san-marino-acquista-il-vaccino-sputnik-prime-dosi-gia-nei-prossim-137-1117575.html|accessdate=7 July 2021|archivedate=19 March 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210319083816/https://www.unionesarda.it/en/articolo/news/mondo/2021/02/19/san-marino-acquista-il-vaccino-sputnik-prime-dosi-gia-nei-prossim-137-1117575.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=12 April 2021|title=San Marino reopens thanks to Sputnik covid vaccine from Russia |work=Wanted in Rome|url=https://www.wantedinrome.com/news/san-marino-reopens-thanks-to-sputnik-covid-vaccine-from-russia.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Serbia&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=31 December 2020|title=Agencija odobrila uvoz ruske vakcine Sputnjik V u Srbiju|language=sr-RS|work=N1|url=https://rs.n1info.com/vesti/agencija-odobrila-uvoz-ruske-vakcine-sputnjik-v-u-srbiju/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Seychelles&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=19 March 2021|title=Sputnik V vaccine approved in Seychelles|agency=[[TASS]]|url=https://tass.com/world/1268131}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Sri Lanka&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=4 March 2021|title=Sri Lanka approves Russia's Sputnik V vaccine|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/sri-lanka-approves-russias-sputnik-v-vaccine/article33987742.ece}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Syria&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=22 February 2021|title=Syria authorizes use of Sputnik-V|publisher=Roya|url=https://en.royanews.tv/news/25728/2021-02-22|accessdate=2021-07-07|archivedate=2021-03-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210303142243/https://en.royanews.tv/news/25728/2021-02-22}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Tajikistan&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
#Tanzania&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Mohammed|first=Omar|date=2021-06-17|title=Tanzania poised to join COVAX vaccine-sharing facility - WHO|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/tanzania-submit-request-join-covax-vaccine-sharing-facility-2021-06-17/|access-date=2022-01-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Tunisia&lt;ref&gt;{{cite press release|title=Sputnik V vaccine authorized in Tunisia|url=https://sputnikvaccine.com/newsroom/pressreleases/sputnik-v-vaccine-authorized-in-tunisia/|access-date=30 January 2021|publisher=Gamaleya Center}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Turkey (limited use)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Merve Aydogan|date=30 April 2021|title=Turkey OKs emergency use of Sputnik-V vaccine|work=[[Anadolu Agency]]|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/latest-on-coronavirus-outbreak/turkey-oks-emergency-use-of-sputnik-v-vaccine/2225824}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Erdogan unimpressed by Putin's COVID-19 antibodies, Sputnik V vaccine booster offer|url=https://english.alarabiya.net/coronavirus/2021/09/29/Erdogan-unimpressed-by-Putin-s-COVID-19-antibodies-Sputnik-V-vaccine-booster-offer|date=29 September 2021|access-date=11 January 2022|publisher=[[Al Arabiya English]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# United Arab Emirates&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=21 January 2021|title=UAE approves Russia's Sputnik vaccine for emergency use|work=Khaleej Times|url=https://www.khaleejtimes.com/coronavirus-pandemic/uae-approves-russias-sputnik-vaccine-for-emergency-use|access-date=21 January 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Venezuela&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=29 December 2020|title=Venezuela firma contrato para la adquisición de la vacuna rusa Sputnik V|language=es|publisher=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/salud-coronavirus-venezuela-rusia-idLTAKBN2931X2}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Vietnam&lt;ref name=&quot;vnexpress.net&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Vietnam approves Russia Covid-19 vaccine for emergency use|publisher=[[VnExpress]]|url=https://vnexpress.net/news/news/vietnam-approves-russia-covid-19-vaccine-for-emergency-use-4240528.html|access-date=2 April 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Zimbabwe&lt;ref name=&quot;news24.com-zimbabwe-ssv&quot;&gt;{{cite news|date=9 March 2021|title=Covid-19: Zimbabwe authorises Sputnik V, Sinovac vaccines for emergency use|publisher=news24.com|url=https://www.news24.com/news24/africa/news/covid-19-zimbabwe-authorises-sputnik-v-sinovac-vaccines-for-emergency-use-20210309}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;'''[[List of ISO 3166-1 codes|Non-country entities]]'''
* Abkhazia&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||url=https://civil.ge/archives/417592|title = Russia's COVID Vaccine Delivered to Tskhinvali Region, Abkhazia|date = 4 May 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* South Ossetia&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||url=https://tass.com/world/1285695|title=First batch of Sputnik V vaccine delivered to South Ossetia}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top: 0.3em; column-width: 15em;&quot;&gt;
;Expired
* Slovakia&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=1 March 2021|title=Povolenie na terapeutické použitie neregistrovaného lieku|url=https://www.health.gov.sk/Zdroje?/Sources/kategorizacia/doku_kl/ziad_lieky/sputnik.pdf|access-date=8 July 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=14 April 2021|title=Zmätky s vakcínami pokračujú. Aký Sputnik máme v skladoch?|url=https://spravy.pravda.sk/domace/clanok/584380-zmatky-s-vakcinami-pokracuju-aky-sputnik-mame-v-skladoch/|access-date=8 July 2021|website=Pravda.sk|language=sk-SK}}&lt;/ref&gt;
;Rejected
* South Africa&lt;ref name=&quot;SAHPRA Oct 21&quot;&gt;{{cite book |title=Update on the SAHPRA review of the Sputnik V vaccine |date=18 October 2021 |publisher=South African Health Products Regulatory Agency |url=https://www.sahpra.org.za/news-and-updates/update-on-the-sahpra-review-of-the-sputnik-v-vaccine/ |access-date=20 April 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=AfricaNews|date=20 October 2021|title=South Africa rejects Russian-made coronavirus vaccine Sputnik V|url=https://www.africanews.com/2021/10/20/south-africa-rejects-russian-made-coronavirus-vaccine-sputnik-v/|access-date=22 October 2021|website=Africanews|accessdate=25 December 2021|archivedate=10 December 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211210175107/https://www.africanews.com/2021/10/20/south-africa-rejects-russian-made-coronavirus-vaccine-sputnik-v/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
;Travel-only
* Australia&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Vaccines we recognise for the purpose of travel to Australia|url=https://www.tga.gov.au/international-covid-19-vaccines-recognised-australia|access-date=17 January 2022|website=Therapeutic Goods Administration|accessdate=25 December 2021|archivedate=7 February 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220207080016/https://www.tga.gov.au/international-covid-19-vaccines-recognised-australia}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Cyprus&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Vaccinated/Recovered Passengers|url=https://cyprusflightpass.gov.cy/en/vaccinated-passengers|accessdate=2021-12-25|archivedate=2022-03-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220306213314/https://cyprusflightpass.gov.cy/en/vaccinated-passengers}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Estonia&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Questions and answers on coronavirus, related decisions and changes: Vaccines|url=https://kkk.kriis.ee/en/faq/covid-19-vaccination/vaccines#q10069311|access-date=24 November 2021|website=kkk.kriis.ee|accessdate=25 December 2021|archivedate=25 December 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211225084747/https://kkk.kriis.ee/en/faq/covid-19-vaccination/vaccines#q10069311}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Greece&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=11 August 2021|title=Greece Accepting Most Covid-19 Vaccines for Travel|url=https://news.gtp.gr/2021/08/11/greece-accepting-most-covid-19-vaccines-for-travel/|access-date=20 November 2021|website=GTP Headlines|accessdate=25 December 2021|archivedate=8 December 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211208101400/https://news.gtp.gr/2021/08/11/greece-accepting-most-covid-19-vaccines-for-travel/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Hong Kong&lt;ref name=&quot;HK&quot;/&gt;
* Israel&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Entry to Israel - Non-Israeli Citizens: Air Travel|url=https://corona.health.gov.il/en/directives/air-travel-covid19-green/?tab=by-air|access-date=24 November 2021|website=Corona Traffic Light Model (Ramzor) Website}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Malaysia&lt;ref name=&quot;MY&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Travellers must have MySejahtera to enter Malaysia|url=https://themalaysianreserve.com/2022/03/25/travellers-must-have-mysejahtera-to-enter-malaysia/amp/|date=25 March 2022|publisher=The Malaysian Reserve|access-date=25 March 2022|website=themalaysianreserve.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* New Zealand&lt;ref name=&quot;auto9&quot;/&gt;
* Saudi Arabia&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Saudi Arabia has joined more than 100 countries accepting visitors vaccinated with Sputnik V following extensive work between Ministry of Health of Saudi Arabia and RDIF, supported by the Ministry of Investments of Saudi Arabia |url=https://sputnikvaccine.com/newsroom/pressreleases/saudi-arabia-has-joined-more-than-100-countries-accepting-visitors-vaccinated-with-sputnik-v/ |access-date=10 December 2021 |date=5 December 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Slovenia&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Border Crossing {{!}} GOV.SI|url=https://www.gov.si/en/topics/coronavirus-disease-covid-19/border-crossing/|access-date=24 November 2021|website=Portal GOV.SI}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* St. Lucia&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=NEW-FAQs|url=https://www.stlucia.org/en/covid-19/faqs/|access-date=24 November 2021|website=Saint Lucia Tourism Authority|accessdate=25 December 2021|archivedate=8 December 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221208103421/https://www.stlucia.org/en/covid-19/faqs/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Thailand&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=THAILAND'S ENTRY REGULATIONS|url=https://thaiembassy.at/en/coe.html|access-date=20 December 2021|website=Royal Thai Embassy in Vienna}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

== CoronaVac ==
&lt;section begin=&quot;coronavacauthmap&quot;/&gt;
{{infobox
| image            = {{Graph:Map|scale=65|defaultValue=gainsboro
|AD=turqoise|AE=turqoise|AF=limegreen|AG=dodgerblue|AL=dodgerblue|AM=dodgerblue|AO=dodgerblue|AR=dodgerblue|AT=turquoise|AU=turquoise|AZ=limegreen
|BA=dodgerblue|BB=dodgerblue|BD=dodgerblue|BF=dodgerblue|BH=limegreen|BI=dodgerblue|BJ=limegreen|BN=dodgerblue|BO=dodgerblue|BR=dodgerblue|BS=limegreen|BT=dodgerblue|BW=dodgerblue|BZ=dodgerblue
|CA=turquoise|CD=limegreen|CF=limegreen|CG=dodgerblue|CH=turquoise|CI=dodgerblue|CL=dodgerblue|CM=dodgerblue|CN=blueviolet|CO=dodgerblue|CR=limegreen|CU=dodgerblue|CV=dodgerblue|CY=turquoise
|DJ=dodgerblue|DM=dodgerblue|DO=dodgerblue|DZ=dodgerblue
|EC=dodgerblue|EE=turquoise|EG=dodgerblue|ES=turquoise|ET=dodgerblue
|FI=turquoise|FJ=limegreen|FM=limegreen
|GA=dodgerblue|GB=turquoise|GD=limegreen|GE=dodgerblue|GH=limegreen|GM=dodgerblue|GN=dodgerblue|GQ=dodgerblue|GR=turquoise|GT=limegreen|GW=dodgerblue|GY=dodgerblue
|HN=limegreen|HR=turquoise|HT=limegreen|HU=dodgerblue
|ID=dodgerblue|IE=turquoise|IN=limegreen|IQ=dodgerblue|IR=limegreen|IS=turquoise
|JM=limegreen|JO=dodgerblue
|KE=dodgerblue|KG=dodgerblue|KH=dodgerblue|KI=dodgerblue|KM=dodgerblue|KN=limegreen|KP=limegreen|KR=turquoise|KW=dodgerblue|KZ=dodgerblue
|LA=dodgerblue|LB=dodgerblue|LC=limegreen|LI=turquoise|LK=dodgerblue|LR=limegreen|LS=dodgerblue|LY=dodgerblue
|MA=dodgerblue|MC=limegreen|MD=dodgerblue|ME=dodgerblue|MG=dodgerblue|MH=limegreen|MK=dodgerblue|ML=limegreen|MM=dodgerblue|MN=dodgerblue|MO=blueviolet|MR=dodgerblue|MU=dodgerblue|MV=dodgerblue|MW=dodgerblue|MX=dodgerblue|MY=dodgerblue|MZ=dodgerblue
|NA=dodgerblue|NE=dodgerblue|NG=dodgerblue|NI=limegreen|NL=turquoise|NO=turqoise|NP=dodgerblue|NR=limegreen|NZ=turquoise
|OM=dodgerblue
|PA=dodgerblue|PE=limegreen|PG=dodgerblue|PH=dodgerblue|PK=dodgerblue|PS=dodgerblue|PT=turquoise|PW=turquoise|PY=dodgerblue
|QA=dodgerblue
|RS=limegreen|RW=dodgerblue
|SA=dodgerblue|SB=dodgerblue|SC=blueviolet|SD=dodgerblue|SE=turquoise|SG=dodgerblue|SI=turquoise|SK=turquoise|SL=dodgerblue|SN=dodgerblue|SO=dodgerblue|SR=dodgerblue|SS=limegreen|ST=limegreen|SV=dodgerblue|SY=dodgerblue|SZ=limegreen
|TD=dodgerblue|TG=limegreen|TH=dodgerblue|TJ=limegreen|TL=limegreen|TM=dodgerblue|TN=dodgerblue|TO=limegreen|TR=dodgerblue|TT=dodgerblue|TV=limegreen|TZ=dodgerblue
|UA=dodgerblue|UG=limegreen|US=turquoise|UY=dodgerblue|UZ=dodgerblue
|VC=limegreen|VE=dodgerblue|VU=dodgerblue
|WS=limegreen
|XK=limegreen
|YE=dodgerblue|VN=turquoise|
|ZA=dodgerblue|ZM=dodgerblue|ZW=dodgerblue
}}
| caption          = {{leftlegend|blueviolet|Full authorization}}
{{leftlegend|dodgerblue|Emergency authorization}}
{{leftlegend|turquoise|Allowed for travel}}
{{leftlegend|limegreen|Eligible [[COVAX]] recipient}}
}}
&lt;section end=&quot;coronavacauthmap&quot;/&gt;
The [[CoronaVac]] COVID-19 vaccine is an [[inactivated vaccine|inactivated virus vaccine]]&lt;ref name=&quot;NCT043835742&quot;&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||date=12 May 2020|title=Safety and Immunogenicity Study of Inactivated Vaccine for Prevention of SARS-CoV-2 Infection (COVID-19) (Renqiu)|url=https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04383574|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011084809/https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04383574/|archive-date=11 October 2020|access-date=14 July 2020|website=[[ClinicalTrials.gov]]|publisher=[[United States National Library of Medicine]]|id=NCT04383574}}&lt;/ref&gt; produced by the Chinese company [[Sinovac Biotech]].&lt;ref name=&quot;NCT043835742&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;NCname= nct04456595=2&quot;&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||date=2 July 2020|title=Clinical Trial of Efficacy and Safety of Sinovac's Adsorbed COVID-19 (Inactivated) Vaccine in Healthcare Professionals (PROFISCOV)|url=https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04456595|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011084811/https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04456595/|archive-date=11 October 2020|access-date=3 August 2020|website=[[ClinicalTrials.gov]]|publisher=[[United States National Library of Medicine]]|id=NCT04456595}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|last1=PT. Bio Farma|date=10 August 2020|title=A Phase III, observer-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study of the efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity of SARS-COV-2 inactivated vaccine in healthy adults aged 18–59 years in Indonesia|url=https://www.ina-registry.org/index.php?act=registry_trial_detail&amp;code_trial=16202009080721WXFM0YX|journal=Registri Penyakit Indonesia|access-date=15 August 2020}} {{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://www.ina-registry.org/index.php?act=registry_trial_detail&amp;code_trial=16202009080721WXFM0YX%2F |accessdate=8 May 2025 |archivedate=11 October 2020 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011084814/https://www.ina-registry.org/index.php?act=registry_trial_detail&amp;code_trial=16202009080721WXFM0YX%2F }}&lt;/ref&gt;
;Full (&lt;section begin=&quot;CoronaVac_FN&quot;/&gt;1&lt;section end=&quot;CoronaVac_FN&quot;/&gt;)
# China&lt;ref name=&quot;CoronaVacCN&quot;/&gt;
{{-}}

;Emergency (&lt;section begin=&quot;CoronaVac_EN&quot;/&gt;71&lt;section end=&quot;CoronaVac_EN&quot;/&gt;)
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top: 0.3em; column-width: 15em;&quot;&gt;
# Albania&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||last=Semini|first=Llazar|title=Albania starts mass COVID vaccinations before tourist season|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Business/wireStory/albania-starts-mass-covid-vaccinations-tourist-season-76733128|access-date=29 March 2021|website=ABC News}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Algeria&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
# Argentina&lt;ref name=&quot;TrackVax&quot;/&gt;
# Armenia&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=В Армению отправлена китайская вакцина от COVID-19|url=https://ru.armradio.am/2021/04/30/%d0%b2-%d0%b0%d1%80%d0%bc%d0%b5%d0%bd%d0%b8%d1%8e-%d0%be%d1%82%d0%bf%d1%80%d0%b0%d0%b2%d0%bb%d0%b5%d0%bd%d0%b0-%d0%ba%d0%b8%d1%82%d0%b0%d0%b9%d1%81%d0%ba%d0%b0%d1%8f-%d0%b2%d0%b0%d0%ba%d1%86%d0%b8/|access-date=9 May 2021|website=Общественное Радио Армении|language=ru-RU}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Azerbaijan&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||last1=Aliyev|first1=Jeyhun|title=Azerbaijan kicks off COVID-19 vaccination|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/world/azerbaijan-kicks-off-covid-19-vaccination/2114591|access-date=7 February 2021|publisher=Anadolu Agency|name-list-style=vanc}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Bangladesh&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Bangladesh approves Sinovac Covid-19 vaccine for emergency use|date=6 June 2021|url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/2021/06/06/sinovac-covid-19-vaccine-approved-for-emergency-use|access-date=6 June 2021|publisher=[[Dhaka Tribune]]|name-list-style=vanc}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Benin&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||last=Ayosso|first=Akpédjé|date=29 March 2021|title=Deux ministres vaccinés contre Covid-19|url=https://www.24haubenin.info/?Deux-ministres-vaccines-contre-Covid-19|access-date=7 April 2021|website=24haubenin.info|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Bolivia&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Bolívia autoriza uso de vacinas Sputnik V e CoronaVac contra covid-19|url=https://noticias.uol.com.br/internacional/ultimas-noticias/2021/01/06/bolivia-autoriza-uso-de-vacinas-sputnik-v-e-coronavac-contra-covid-19.htm|access-date=6 January 2021|website=noticias.uol.com.br|language=pt-br}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Bosnia and Herzegovina&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||last=Agency|first=Anadolu|date=28 March 2021|title=Turkey sends Chinese COVID-19 vaccines to Bosnia-Herzegovina|url=https://www.dailysabah.com/politics/diplomacy/turkey-sends-chinese-covid-19-vaccines-to-bosnia-herzegovina|access-date=14 April 2021|website=Daily Sabah}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Botswana&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Botswana Could Be First African Country to Vaccinate Entire Adult Population |url=https://www.voanews.com/covid-19-pandemic/botswana-could-be-first-african-country-vaccinate-entire-adult-population|access-date=21 May 2021|website=Voice of America}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Brazil&lt;ref name=&quot;Covid-Vaccine&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last1=McGeever|first1=Jamie|last2=Fonseca|first2=Pedro|date=17 January 2021|title=Brazil clears emergency use of Sinovac, AstraZeneca vaccines, shots begin|publisher=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-brazil-idUSKBN29M0M3|access-date=17 January 2021|name-list-style=vanc}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Cambodia&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||last1=Chanritheara|first1=Torn|title=Cambodia Approves AstraZeneca and Sinovac Vaccines for COVID-19 Emergency Use|url=https://cambodianess.com/article/cambodia-approves-astrazeneca-and-sinovac-vaccines-for-covid-19-emergency-use|access-date=12 February 2021|publisher=Cambodianess}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Chile&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||date=20 January 2021|title=Chile aprueba el uso de emergencia de la vacuna china de Sinovac contra covid-19|url=https://www.france24.com/es/minuto-a-minuto/20210120-chile-aprueba-el-uso-de-emergencia-de-la-vacuna-china-de-sinovac-contra-covid-19|access-date=30 January 2021|publisher=France 24}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Colombia&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||last1=Aliyev|first1=Jeyhun|title=Colombia approves emergency use of CoronaVac vaccine|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/americas/colombia-approves-emergency-use-of-coronavac-vaccine/2134570|access-date=7 February 2021|publisher=Anadolu Agency|name-list-style=vanc}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Djibouti&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Djibouti Ministry of Health|url=https://twitter.com/minsantedj/status/1372948366137696270|access-date=30 March 2021|website=Twitter}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Dominica&lt;ref name=&quot;NYT vaccine tracker&quot;/&gt;
# Dominican Republic&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Anticovid vaccines run out as Dominican Republic awaits arrival of more doses|url=https://dominicantoday.com/dr/covid-19/2021/03/08/anticovid-vaccines-run-out-as-dominican-republic-awaits-arrival-of-more-doses/|access-date=10 March 2021|publisher=DominicanToday}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# East Timor&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||last=Martins|first=Filomeno|title=Government to launch Chinese Sinovac vaccine next week {{!}} TATOLI Agência Noticiosa de Timor-Leste|url=http://www.tatoli.tl/en/2021/06/11/government-to-launch-chinese-sinovac-vaccine-next-week/|access-date=15 June 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Ecuador&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Ecuador signs agreement with Sinovac for 2 million COVID-19 vaccine: minister|url=https://nationalpost.com/pmn/health-pmn/ecuador-signs-agreement-with-sinovac-for-2-million-covid-19-vaccine-minister|access-date=26 February 2021|work=National Post}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Egypt&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Egypt approves Sinovac COVID-19 vaccine for emergency use|url=https://gulfnews.com/world/mena/egypt-approves-sinovac-covid-19-vaccine-for-emergency-use-1.1619472925063|access-date=27 April 2021|website=gulfnews}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# El Salvador&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Llegan a El Salvador un millón de dosis de la vacuna china CoronaVac contra el covid-19 de la farmacéutica Sinovac|url=https://www.laprensagrafica.com/elsalvador/Llegan-a-El-Salvador-un-millon-de-dosis-de-la-vacuna-china-contra-el-covid-19-de-la-farmaceutica-Sinovac-20210328-0004.html|access-date=29 March 2021|website=Noticias de El Salvador – La Prensa Gráfica {{!}} Informate con la verdad|language=es-ES}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Equatorial Guinea&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
# Fiji&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=China to donate Sinovac Vaccine to Fiji|url=https://www.fbcnews.com.fj/news/china-to-donate-sinovac-vaccine-to-fiji/|access-date=22 March 2021|website=Fiji Broadcasting Corporation}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Gabon&lt;ref name=&quot;NYT vaccine tracker&quot;/&gt;
# Georgia&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Covid-19 vaccination with Sinovac to start on May 24 in Georgia|url=https://agenda.ge/en/news/2021/1336|access-date=21 May 2021|website=Agenda.ge}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Guinea&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Guinea receives purchase of 300,000 Sinovac COVID-19 vaccines|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/world/guinea-receives-purchase-of-300-000-sinovac-covid-19-vaccines-14649970|access-date=3 June 2021|website=CNA}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Guyana&lt;ref name=&quot;NYT vaccine tracker&quot;/&gt;
# Hungary&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
# Indonesia&lt;ref name=&quot;StraitsTimes20210111&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last=Soeriaatmadja|first=Wahyudi|date=11 January 2021|title=Indonesia grants emergency use approval to Sinovac's vaccine, local trials show 65% efficacy|work=[[The Straits Times]]|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/indonesia-grants-emergency-use-approval-to-sinovac-vaccine-local-trials-show-65|access-date=11 January 2021|name-list-style=vanc}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Tempo&quot;&gt;{{cite news|date=11 January 2021|title=BPOM Grants Emergency Use Authorization for Sinovac Vaccine|work=[[Tempo (Indonesian magazine)|Tempo]]|url=https://en.tempo.co/read/1422220/bpom-grants-emergency-use-authorization-for-sinovac-vaccine|access-date=11 January 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Kazakhstan&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=В Казахстан доставили первую партию китайской вакцины CoronaVac {{!}} Kazakhstan Today|url=https://www.kt.kz/rus/covid-19/v_kazahstan_dostavili_pervuyu_partiyu_kitayskoy_vaktsiny_1377916469.html|access-date=7 June 2021|website=www.kt.kz|language=ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Laos&lt;ref name=&quot;CoronaVacCN&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last1=Liu|first1=Roxanne|date=6 February 2021|title=China approves Sinovac Biotech COVID-19 vaccine for general public use|publisher=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-vaccine-sinovac/china-approves-sinovac-biotech-covid-19-vaccine-for-general-public-use-idUSKBN2A60AY|access-date=7 February 2021|name-list-style=vanc}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Libya&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||last=|date=9 May 2021|title=Libya begins administrating China's Sinovac vaccine in Tripoli|url=https://www.libyanexpress.com/libya-begins-administrating-chinas-sinovac-vaccine-in-tripoli/|access-date=21 May 2021|website=Libyan Express}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Malawi&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot; /&gt;
# Malaysia&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=2 March 2021|title=Malaysia approves Sinovac, AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccines for use|publisher=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/business/healthcare-pharmaceuticals/malaysia-approves-sinovac-astrazeneca-covid-19-vaccines-use-2021-03-02/ |access-date=21 November 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Maldives&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
# Mexico&lt;ref name=&quot;AD5 mexico&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last1=Barrera|first1=Adriana|date=11 February 2021|title=Mexico approves China's CanSino and Sinovac COVID-19 vaccines|publisher=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/health-coronavirus-mexico-cansino/update-2-mexico-approves-chinas-cansino-and-sinovac-covid-19-vaccines-idUSL1N2KG0NO|access-date=11 February 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Moldova&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Tanas|first=Alexander|date=9 April 2021|title=Moldova to buy 400,000 doses of Sinovac COVID-19 vaccine|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/health-coronavirus-moldova-sinovac-idUKL8N2M24JT|access-date=9 May 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Morocco&lt;ref name=&quot;NYT vaccine tracker&quot;/&gt;
# Myanmar&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||last=Fishbein|first=Emily|title=Ethnic groups step in as Myanmar's COVID response falls apart|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/5/10/ethnic-groups-step-in-as-myanmars-covid-response-falls-apart|access-date=23 July 2021|website=Al Jazeera}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Nepal&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Nepal gives emergency use approval to China's Sinovac Covid-19 vaccine|url=https://kathmandupost.com/health/2021/06/04/nepal-gives-emergency-use-approval-to-china-s-sinovac-covid-19-vaccine|access-date=7 June 2021|website=kathmandupost}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# North Macedonia&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||last=Testorides|first=Konstantin|date=27 June 2021|title=North Macedonia gets 500,000 doses of Sinovac vaccines|url=https://apnews.com/article/coronavirus-vaccine-coronavirus-pandemic-health-government-and-politics-business-1827f4b8b524449d72dd43e62a97ac63|access-date=28 June 2021|publisher=Associated Press}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Oman&lt;ref name=&quot;oman-coronavac-sputnik&quot;&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=COVID-19: Oman approves use of Sinovac and Sputnik vaccines|url=https://gulfnews.com/world/gulf/oman/covid-19-oman-approves-use-of-sinovac-and-sputnik-vaccines-1.80173049|access-date=25 June 2021|website=gulfnews}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Pakistan&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=DRAP allows emergency authorisation to fifth Covid-19 vaccine|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/817278-drap-allows-emergency-authorisation-to-fifth-covid-19-vaccine|access-date=10 April 2021|website=The News International}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Palestine&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
# Panama&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=9 April 2021|title=Panama approves emergency use of Chinese vaccine against COVID-19|publisher=Xinhuanet|url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2021-04/10/c_139870805.htm|access-date=9 April 2021|accessdate=7 July 2021|archivedate=10 April 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410031413/http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2021-04/10/c_139870805.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Paraguay&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=CoronaVac, vacuna de alta eficacia|url=https://www.mspbs.gov.py/portal/22762/coronavac-vacuna-de-alta-eficacia.html|website=Ministerio de Salud Publica Y Bienestar Social (Paraguay)}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Philippines&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=22 February 2021|title=Philippines approves Sinovac's COVID-19 vaccine for emergency use|publisher=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/health-coronavirus-philippines-vaccine/philippines-approves-sinovacs-covid-19-vaccine-for-emergency-use-idUSL4N2KL0UK}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Rwanda&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
# Saint Vincent and the Grenadines&lt;ref name=&quot;NYT vaccine tracker&quot;/&gt;
# Saudi Arabia&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=24 August 2021|title=MoH: Six COVID-19 vaccines approved in Saudi Arabia|work=[[Saudi Gazette]]|url=https://saudigazette.com.sa/article/610193|access-date=25 December 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Singapore&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author=Matthew Mohan|date=23 October 2021|title=Sinovac COVID-19 vaccine to be included in Singapore's national vaccination programme|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/sinovac-covid-19-vaccine-national-vaccination-programme-three-dose-singapore-2263787|access-date=23 October 2021|website=CNA}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Somalia&lt;ref name=&quot;cdctracker&quot;/&gt;
# South Africa&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=3 July 2021|title=SAHPRA authorises the CoronaVac vaccine with conditions|publisher=SAHPRA|url=https://www.sahpra.org.za/press-releases/sahpra-authorises-the-coronavac-vaccine-with-conditions/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Sri Lanka&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Sri Lanka approves China's Sinovac COVID-19 vaccine for emergency use|url=http://www.colombopage.com/archive_21A/Jul17_1626497465CH.php|access-date=18 July 2021|website=ColomboPage}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Sudan&lt;ref name=&quot;cdctracker&quot;/&gt;
# Syria&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
# Tajikistan&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Китайской вакциной в Таджикистане первоначально будут прививать людей старше 60 лет {{!}} Новости Таджикистана ASIA-Plus|url=https://asiaplustj.info/ru/news/tajikistan/society/20210621/kitaiskoi-vaktsinoi-v-tadzhikistane-pervonachalno-budut-privivat-lyudei-starshe-60-let|access-date=13 July 2021|website=asiaplustj.info}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Tanzania&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||last=|first=|date=13 July 2021|title=Vaccine-Holdout Tanzania Begins Inoculations With Sinovac Doses - BNN Bloomberg|url=https://www.bnnbloomberg.ca/vaccine-holdout-tanzania-begins-inoculations-with-sinovac-doses-1.1628276|access-date=13 July 2021|website=Bloomberg}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Thailand&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last1=Thepgumpanat|first1=Panarat|date=22 February 2021|title=Thailand allows emergency use of Sinovac's COVID-19 vaccine|publisher=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-thailand/thailand-allows-emergency-use-of-sinovacs-covid-19-vaccine-idUSKBN2AM1BX|access-date=23 February 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Togo&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||last=|title=Le CoronaVac pour les étudiants du public|url=https://www.republicoftogo.com/Toutes-les-rubriques/Education/Le-CoronaVac-pour-les-etudiants-du-public|access-date=23 May 2021|website=République Togolaise|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Trinidad and Tobago&lt;ref name=&quot;newsday.co.tt&quot;&gt;{{cite web|date=8 November 2021|title=Health Ministry: Covaxin vaccine approved use in Trinidad and Tobago|url=https://newsday.co.tt/2021/11/08/health-ministry-covaxin-vaccine-approved-use-in-trinidad-and-tobago/|access-date=30 November 2021|website=Trinidad and Tobago Newsday}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Tunisia&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||date=5 March 2021|title=Tunisia approva vaccino cinese Sinovac|url=https://www.ansa.it/sito/notizie/mondo/dalla_cina/2021/03/05/covid-tunisia-approva-vaccino-cinese-sinovac_9ba5fbb3-4ee9-48de-9327-c37a3931f5d1.html|access-date=7 March 2021|publisher=Agenzia Nazionale Stampa Associata (in Italian)|language=it}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Turkey&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=14 January 2021|title=Turkey grants emergency authorization to Sinovac's CoronaVac|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-turkey-vaccine-idUSKBN29I29F|access-date=9 January 2022|publisher=Reuters}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Turkmenistan&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||last=turkmenportal|title=В Туркменистан поступила крупная партия китайской вакцины &quot;CoronaVac&quot; |url=https://turkmenportal.com/blog/36504/v-turkmenistan-postupila-krupnaya-partiya-kitaiskoi-vakciny-coronavac|access-date=7 June 2021|website=Туркменистан, интернет портал о культурной, деловой и развлекательной жизни в Туркменистане|language=ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Uganda&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
# Ukraine&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last1=Zinets|first1=Natalia|date=9 March 2021|title=Ukraine approves China's Sinovac COVID-19 vaccine|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-ukraine-vaccine-idUSKBN2B11H6|access-date=10 March 2021|publisher=Reuters}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Uruguay&lt;ref name=&quot;CoronaVacCN&quot; /&gt;
# Uzbekistan&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Uzbekistan plans to obtain Sinovac coronavirus vaccine|url=https://akipress.com/news:658218:Uzbekistan_plans_to_obtain_Sinovac_coronavirus_vaccine/|access-date=21 May 2021|website=akipress}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Venezuela&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||date=30 June 2021|title=COVID-19 Information|url=https://ve.usembassy.gov/covid-19-information/|access-date=23 August 2021|website=U.S. Embassy in Venezuela}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Yemen&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
# Zimbabwe&lt;ref name=&quot;news24.com-zimbabwe-ssv&quot; /&gt;
&lt;!-- not counted --&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;'''[[List of ISO 3166-1 codes|Non-country entities]]'''
* Hong Kong&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||date=18 February 2021|title=Use of Sinovac vaccine authorised|url=https://www.news.gov.hk/eng/2021/02/20210218/20210218_111857_034.html|access-date=19 February 2021|publisher=Government of Hong Kong}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Northern Cyprus&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;
* ''[[World Health Organization]]''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Nebehay |first=Stephanie |title=WHO approves Sinovac COVID vaccine, the second Chinese-made dose listed |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-who-sinovac/who-approves-sinovac-covid-vaccine-the-second-chinese-made-dose-listed-idUSKCN2DD3V5 |access-date=1 June 2021 |work=Reuters |date=1 June 2021 |location=Geneva}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO recommendation&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=WHO recommendation Sinovac COVID-19 vaccine (Vero Cell [Inactivated]) – CoronaVac | website=[[World Health Organization]] (WHO) | date=1 May 2021 | url=https://extranet.who.int/pqweb/vaccines/who-recommendation-sinovac-covid-19-vaccine-vero-cell-inactivated-coronavac | access-date=1 June 2021 | accessdate=7 July 2021 | archivedate=2 June 2021 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602213345/https://extranet.who.int/pqweb/vaccines/who-recommendation-sinovac-covid-19-vaccine-vero-cell-inactivated-coronavac }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO PR 20210601&quot;&gt;{{cite press release | title=WHO validates Sinovac COVID-19 vaccine for emergency use and issues interim policy recommendations | website=[[World Health Organization]] (WHO) | url=https://www.who.int/news/item/01-06-2021-who-validates-sinovac-covid-19-vaccine-for-emergency-use-and-issues-interim-policy-recommendations | access-date=1 June 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

;Travel-only
{{div col|colwidth=18em}}
* Andorra&lt;ref name=&quot;auto24&quot;/&gt;
* Australia&lt;ref name=&quot;AU recognized&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=1 October 2021|title=Australia set to restart international travel in November, Scott Morrison says|work=[[The Guardian]]|url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2021/oct/01/australia-set-to-restart-international-travel-in-november-scott-morrison-says|access-date=21 November 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Austria&lt;ref name=&quot;auto10&quot;/&gt; (only for entry)
* Canada&lt;ref name=&quot;auto31&quot;/&gt;
* Costa Rica&lt;ref name=&quot;auto41&quot;/&gt;
* Croatia&lt;ref name=&quot;auto19&quot;/&gt;
* Cyprus&lt;ref name=&quot;auto15&quot;/&gt;
* Estonia&lt;ref name=&quot;auto26&quot;/&gt; (only if approved in a person's country of origin)
* Finland&lt;ref name=&quot;auto37&quot;/&gt;
* Greece&lt;ref name=&quot;auto27&quot;/&gt;
* Grenada&lt;ref name=&quot;auto8&quot;/&gt;
* Iceland&lt;ref name=&quot;auto18&quot;/&gt;
* Ireland&lt;ref name=&quot;auto11&quot;/&gt;
* Liechtenstein&lt;ref name=&quot;auto28&quot;/&gt;
* Norway&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.helsenorge.no/en/coronavirus/international-travels/#who-can-travel-to-norway|title=CInternational travels to Norway|date=23 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* New Zealand&lt;ref name=&quot;auto9&quot;/&gt;
* Norway&lt;ref name=&quot;police1&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.police.hu/en/content/information-on-general-rules-of-border-crossing|title=INFORMATION ON GENERAL RULES OF BORDER CROSSING – National Police Headquarters of Hungary}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Palau&lt;ref name=&quot;palaugov.pw&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.palaugov.pw/travel/|title=COVID-19 Pandemic Entry Requirements – PalauGov.pw}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Panama&lt;ref name=&quot;auto35&quot;/&gt;
* Portugal&lt;ref name=&quot;visitmadeira1&quot;/&gt; (only in Madeira)
* Slovakia&lt;ref name=&quot;auto29&quot;/&gt;
* Slovenia&lt;ref name=&quot;auto30&quot;/&gt;
* South Korea&lt;ref name=&quot;auto42&quot;/&gt;
* Spain&lt;ref name=&quot;auto40&quot;/&gt;
* St. Kitts and Nevis&lt;ref name=&quot;auto33&quot;/&gt;
* St. Lucia&lt;ref name=&quot;auto17&quot;/&gt;
* St. Vincent and the Grenadines&lt;ref name=&quot;auto21&quot;/&gt;
* Sweden&lt;ref name=&quot;auto38&quot;/&gt;
* Switzerland&lt;ref name=&quot;auto39&quot;/&gt;
* The Netherlands&lt;ref name=&quot;auto25&quot;/&gt;
* Ukraine&lt;ref name=&quot;auto22&quot;/&gt;
* United Arab Emirates&lt;ref name=&quot;mohap.gov.ae&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.mohap.gov.ae/en/services/travelers-vaccination|title=Travelers Vaccinations - Ministry of Health and Prevention - UAE|website=www.mohap.gov.ae|accessdate=2021-12-25|archivedate=2021-11-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211122031706/https://www.mohap.gov.ae/en/services/travelers-vaccination}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* United Kingdom&lt;ref name=&quot;auto34&quot;/&gt;
* United States&lt;ref name=&quot;auto16&quot;/&gt;
* Vietnam&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=21 October 2021|title=Việt Nam temporarily approves COVID-19 vaccine certificates by 72 countries, territories: Foreign ministry|work=[[Việt Nam News]]|url=https://vietnamnews.vn/politics-laws/1063197/viet-nam-temporarily-approves-covid-19-vaccine-certificates-by-72-countries-territories-foreign-ministry.html|access-date=8 January 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{{div col end}}
{{clear}}
{{-}}

== Novavax ==
&lt;section begin=&quot;NVXauthmap&quot;/&gt;
{{infobox
| image            = {{Graph:Map|scale=65|defaultValue=gainsboro
|AF=limegreen|AG=limegreen|AL=limegreen|AM=limegreen|AO=limegreen|AR=limegreen|AT=dodgerblue|AU=blueviolet|AZ=limegreen
|BA=limegreen|BB=limegreen|BD=dodgerblue|BE=dodgerblue|BF=limegreen|BG=dodgerblue|BJ=limegreen|BN=limegreen|BO=limegreen|BR=limegreen|BS=limegreen|BT=limegreen|BZ=limegreen
|CA=blueviolet|CD=limegreen|CG=limegreen|CH=dodgerblue|CI=limegreen|CL=limegreen|CM=limegreen|CO=limegreen|CR=limegreen|CV=limegreen|CY=dodgerblue|CZ=dodgerblue
|DE=dodgerblue|DK=dodgerblue|DJ=limegreen|DM=limegreen|DO=limegreen|DZ=limegreen
|EC=limegreen|EE=dodgerblue|EG=limegreen|ES=dodgerblue
|FI=dodgerblue|FJ=limegreen|FM=limegreen|FR=dodgerblue
|GD=limegreen|GE=limegreen|GH=limegreen|GM=limegreen|GN=limegreen|GR=dodgerblue
|HN=limegreen|HR=dodgerblue|HT=limegreen|HU=dodgerblue
|ID=dodgerblue|IE=dodgerblue|IQ=limegreen|IS=dodgerblue|IT=dodgerblue
|JM=limegreen|JO=limegreen|JP=blueviolet
|KE=limegreen|KH=limegreen|KI=limegreen|KM=limegreen|KN=limegreen|KP=limegreen|KR=blueviolet|
|LA=limegreen|LB=limegreen|LC=limegreen|LR=limegreen|LS=limegreen|LT=dodgerblue|LU=dodgerblue|LV=dodgerblue|LY=limegreen
|MA=limegreen|MC=limegreen|MD=limegreen|ME=limegreen|MH=limegreen|MK=limegreen|ML=limegreen|MR=limegreen|MT=dodgerblue|MU=limegreen|MV=limegreen|MW=limegreen|MY=limegreen|MZ=limegreen
|NA=limegreen|NE=limegreen|NG=limegreen|NL=dodgerblue|NO=dodgerblue|NR=limegreen|NZ=dodgerblue
|PA=turquoise|PE=limegreen|PG=limegreen|PH=dodgerblue|PK=limegreen|PL=dodgerblue|PT=dodgerblue
|QA=limegreen
|RO=dodgerblue|RS=limegreen|RW=limegreen
|SB=limegreen|SD=limegreen|SE=dodgerblue|SG=dodgerblue|SI=dodgerblue|SK=dodgerblue|SL=limegreen|SN=limegreen|SO=limegreen|SR=limegreen|SS=limegreen|ST=limegreen|SV=limegreen|SY=limegreen|SZ=limegreen
|TD=limegreen|TG=limegreen|TH=dodgerblue|TJ=limegreen|TL=limegreen|TN=limegreen|TO=limegreen
|TR=turquoise|TV=limegreen
|UA=limegreen|UG=limegreen|GB=dodgerblue|UY=limegreen|UZ=limegreen
|VC=limegreen|VU=limegreen
|WS=limegreen|XK=limegreen|YE=limegreen|ZA=limegreen|ZM=limegreen|IN=dodgerblue
|US=turquoise|AE=turquoise|SA=limegreen|ET=limegreen|CF=limegreen|KG=limegreen
|BW=limegreen|ZW=limegreen|MX=limegreen|PY=limegreen|VE=limegreen|IR=limegreen|NI=limegreen|GY=limegreen|MM=limegreen|VN=limegreen|MG=limegreen|LK=limegreen|GT=limegreen
}}
| caption          = {{leftlegend|blueviolet|Full authorization}}
{{leftlegend|dodgerblue|Emergency authorization}}
{{leftlegend|turquoise|Allowed for travel}}
{{leftlegend|limegreen|Eligible [[COVAX]] recipient}}
}}
&lt;section end=&quot;NVXauthmap&quot;/&gt;
The [[Novavax COVID-19 vaccine]], codenamed NVX-CoV2373, is a subunit COVID-19 vaccine candidate developed by [[Novavax]] and the [[Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations]], that is undergoing trials in India under the brand name Covovax. It requires two doses and is stable at 2 to 8&amp;nbsp;°C (36 to 46&amp;nbsp;°F) refrigerated temperatures.

NVX-CoV2373 has been described as both a [[Protein subunit|protein]] [[subunit vaccine]] and a [[virus-like particle#Vaccines|virus-like particle vaccine]], though the producers call it a &quot;recombinant nanoparticle vaccine&quot;.

;Full (&lt;section begin=&quot;Novavax_FN&quot;/&gt;4&lt;section end=&quot;Novavax_FN&quot;/&gt;)
# Australia&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=TGA provisionally approves Novavax (Biocelect Pty Ltd's) COVID-19 vaccine NUVAXOVID|url=https://www.tga.gov.au/media-release/tga-provisionally-approves-novavax-biocelect-pty-ltds-covid-19-vaccine-nuvaxovid|access-date=20 January 2022|website=Therapeutic Goods Administration|date=20 January 2022|accessdate=6 July 2022|archivedate=28 January 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128170700/https://www.tga.gov.au/media-release/tga-provisionally-approves-novavax-biocelect-pty-ltds-covid-19-vaccine-nuvaxovid}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Canada&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Reuters|date=2022-02-17|title=Canada approves Novavax's COVID-19 vaccine for adults|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/business/healthcare-pharmaceuticals/canada-approves-novavaxs-covid-19-vaccine-2022-02-17/|access-date=2022-02-17}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Japan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2022-04-19|title=Japan approves Novavax as 4th COVID vaccine amid new surge|language=en|work=ABC News|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Health/wireStory/japan-approves-novavax-covid-19-vaccine-84159564|access-date=2022-04-21}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# South Korea&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2022-01-12|title=South Korea Ministry of Food and Drug Safety Approves Novavax COVID-19 Vaccine|language=en|work=Novavax, Inc.|url=https://ir.novavax.com/2022-01-12-South-Korea-Ministry-of-Food-and-Drug-Safety-Approves-Novavax-COVID-19-Vaccine|access-date=2022-01-22}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{{-}}

&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top: 0.3em; column-width: 15em;&quot;&gt;
;Emergency (&lt;section begin=&quot;Novavax_EN&quot;/&gt;40&lt;section end=&quot;Novavax_EN&quot;/&gt;)
# Bangladesh&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Novavax Reports First Quarter 2022 Financial Results and Operational Highlights |url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/novavax-reports-first-quarter-2022-200200347.html |work=Novavax, Inc. |date=9 May 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# India&lt;ref name=&quot;vacxine2&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last1=Achom |first1=Debasish |title=India Clears 2 New Vaccines And Merck's Covid Pill |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/coronavirus-2-more-vaccines-covovax-and-corbevax-and-anti-viral-drug-molnupiravir-cleared-in-india-2675170 |work=NDTV.com |date=28 December 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Indonesia&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last1=O'donnell|first1=Carl|last2=Nadeem|first2=Dania|date=1 November 2021|title=Novavax COVID-19 vaccine gets first authorization; expects more within weeks, CEO says|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/business/healthcare-pharmaceuticals/novavax-covid-19-vaccine-receives-emergency-use-authorization-indonesia-2021-11-01/|access-date=1 November 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# New Zealand&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last1=The Associated Press Staff|date=3 February 2022|title=Novavax's COVID-19 shot receives provisional approval in New Zealand|agency=Associated Press|url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/world/novavax-s-covid-19-shot-receives-provisional-approval-in-new-zealand-1.5767524|access-date=4 February 2022|accessdate=6 July 2022|archivedate=21 March 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220321110739/https://www.ctvnews.ca/world/novavax-s-covid-19-shot-receives-provisional-approval-in-new-zealand-1.5767524}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Philippines&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Philippines approves emergency use of Novavax's COVID-19 vaccine |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/healthcare-pharmaceuticals/philippines-approves-emergency-use-novavaxs-covid-19-vaccine-2021-11-17/ |access-date=17 November 2021 |publisher=Reuters |date=17 November 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Singapore&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author=Clara Chong|date=14 February 2022|title=Novavax Covid-19 vaccine approved for those aged 18 and above in Singapore|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/novavax-covid-19-vaccine-approved-for-those-aged-18-and-above-to-arrive-in-the-next-few-months|access-date=14 February 2022|website=[[The Straits Times]]|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Switzerland&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Swissmedic grants temporary authorisation for the Nuvaxovid COVID-19 vaccine from Novavax |url=https://www.swissmedic.ch/swissmedic/en/home/news/coronavirus-covid-19/zl-nuvaxovid-novovax.html |work=Swissmedic |date=13 April 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Thailand&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Novavax and Serum Institute of India Receive Emergency Use Authorization for Novavax' COVID-19 Vaccine in Thailand|url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/novavax-serum-institute-india-receive-130000777.html|access-date=2022-04-11|website=[[Yahoo! Finance]]|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Taiwan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=News |first=Taiwan |date=2022-06-19 |title=Novavax cleared for use by Taiwan FDA {{!}} Taiwan News {{!}} 2022-06-19 11:45:00 |url=https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/4574660 |access-date=2022-06-24 |website=Taiwan News}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# United Kingdom&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Novavax COVID-19 vaccine Nuvaxovid approved by MHRA|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/novavax-covid-19-vaccine-nuvaxovid-approved-by-mhra|access-date=2022-02-03|website=GOV.UK|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''{{nowrap|[[European Medicines Agency|EMA]] countries}}'''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=20 December 2021|title=EMA recommends Nuvaxovid for authorisation in the EU|url=https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/news/ema-recommends-nuvaxovid-authorisation-eu|publisher=European Medicines Agency}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Austria
# Belgium
# Bulgaria
# Croatia
# Cyprus
# Czech Republic
# Denmark
# Estonia
# Finland
# France
# Germany
# Greece
# Hungary
# Iceland
# Ireland
# Italy
# Latvia
# Liechtenstein
# Lithuania
# Luxembourg
# Malta
# Netherlands
# Norway
# Poland
# Portugal
# Romania
# Slovakia
# Slovenia
# Spain
# Sweden
&lt;!-- not counted --&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;'''[[List of ISO 3166-1 codes|Non-country entities]]'''
* ''[[World Health Organization]]''&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO PR 20211217&quot;&gt;{{cite press release | title=WHO lists 9th COVID-19 vaccine for emergency use with aim to increase access to vaccination in lower-income countries | website=[[World Health Organization]] (WHO) | url=https://www.who.int/news/item/17-12-2021-who-lists-9th-covid-19-vaccine-for-emergency-use-with-aim-to-increase-access-to-vaccination-in-lower-income-countries | access-date=17 December 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=WHO issues emergency use listing to Novavax-Serum Institute's COVID-19 vaccine |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/healthcare-pharmaceuticals/who-issues-emergency-use-listing-novavax-serum-institutes-covid-19-vaccine-2021-12-17/ |work=Reuters |date=17 December 2021 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

;Travel-only
* Hong Kong&lt;ref name=&quot;HK&quot;/&gt;
* Palau&lt;ref name=&quot;palaugov.pw&quot;/&gt;
* Panama&lt;ref name=&quot;auto35&quot;/&gt;
* St. Kitts and Nevis&lt;ref name=&quot;auto33&quot;/&gt;
* St. Lucia&lt;ref name=&quot;auto17&quot;/&gt;
* St. Vincent and the Grenadines&lt;ref name=&quot;auto21&quot;/&gt;
* Switzerland&lt;ref name=&quot;auto39&quot;/&gt;
* Turkey&lt;ref name=&quot;auto12&quot;/&gt;
* United Arab Emirates&lt;ref name=&quot;mohap.gov.ae&quot;/&gt;
* United States&lt;ref name=&quot;auto16&quot;/&gt;
{{clear}}
&lt;/div&gt;

== VLA2001 ==
[[Valneva COVID-19 vaccine|VLA2001]] is an inactivated vaccine developed by [[Valneva SE]] and Dynavax Technologies.

;Full (&lt;section begin=&quot;VLA2001_FN&quot; /&gt;31&lt;section end=&quot;VLA2001_FN&quot; /&gt;)
# United Kingdom&lt;ref&gt;|url= https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-61104594&lt;/ref&gt;
'''{{nowrap|[[European Medicines Agency|EMA]] countries}}'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Valneva EPAR&quot;&gt;{{cite web |date=20 June 2022 |title=COVID-19 Vaccine (inactivated, adjuvanted) Valneva EPAR |url=https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/covid-19-vaccine-inactivated-adjuvanted-valneva |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220628005530/https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/covid-19-vaccine-inactivated-adjuvanted-valneva |archive-date=28 June 2022 |access-date=28 June 2022 |website=[[European Medicines Agency]] (EMA)}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Austria
# Belgium
# Bulgaria
# Croatia
# Cyprus
# Czech Republic
# Denmark
# Estonia
# Finland
# France
# Germany
# Greece
# Hungary
# Iceland
# Ireland
# Italy
# Latvia
# Liechtenstein
# Lithuania
# Luxembourg
# Malta
# Netherlands
# Norway
# Poland
# Portugal
# Romania
# Slovakia
# Slovenia
# Spain
# Sweden
;Emergency (&lt;section begin=&quot;VLA2001_EN&quot; /&gt;2&lt;section end=&quot;VLA2001_EN&quot; /&gt;)
# Bahrain&lt;ref&gt;|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-61104594&lt;/ref&gt;
# United Arab Emirates&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-05-17 |title=Valneva receives EUA from UAE for its inactivated COVID-19 vaccine |url=https://www.expresspharma.in/valneva-receives-eua-from-uae-for-its-inactivated-covid-19-vaccine/ |access-date=2022-06-20 |website=Express Pharma |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

;Travel-only
* Malaysia&lt;ref name=&quot;MY&quot; /&gt;
* New Zealand&lt;ref name=&quot;auto9&quot; /&gt;
* Turkey&lt;ref name=&quot;visasturkey.com&quot; /&gt;

== Sputnik Light ==
&lt;section begin=&quot;sputniklightauthmap&quot;/&gt;
{{infobox|image={{Graph:Map|scale=65|defaultValue=gainsboro
|AO=dodgerblue|AE=dodgerblue|AR=dodgerblue
|BH=dodgerblue|BJ=dodgerblue|BY=dodgerblue
|CG=dodgerblue
|EG=dodgerblue
|IR=dodgerblue
|IN=dodgerblue
|KG=dodgerblue|KH=dodgerblue|KZ=dodgerblue
|LA=dodgerblue
|MN=dodgerblue|MU=dodgerblue|MY=turquoise
|NI=dodgerblue|NZ=turquoise
|PH=dodgerblue|PS=dodgerblue
|RU=dodgerblue
|SM=dodgerblue|SY=dodgerblue
|TM=dodgerblue|TN=dodgerblue|TR=turquoise|TZ=dodgerblue
|VC=dodgerblue|VE=dodgerblue
}}
|caption=
{{leftlegend|blueviolet|Full authorization}}
{{leftlegend|dodgerblue|Emergency authorization}}
{{leftlegend|turquoise|Allowed for travel}}
}}
&lt;section end=&quot;sputniklightauthmap&quot;/&gt;
[[Sputnik Light]] is a [[viral vector vaccine]],&lt;ref name=&quot;Ryumin&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last=Ryumin|first=Alexander|date=20 February 2021|title=Russia registers its third COVID-19 vaccine CoviVac|publisher=[[TASS]]|location=Moscow|url=https://tass.com/society/1258859|access-date=6 March 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; produced by the Russian Gamaleya Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology. It consists of the first dose of the [[Sputnik V COVID-19 vaccine|Sputnik V vaccine]], which is based on the Ad26 vector.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite press release |date=6 May 2021 |title=Single dose vaccine, Sputnik Light, authorized for use in Russia |url=https://rdif.ru/Eng_fullNews/6763/ |publisher=Russian Direct Investment Fund |access-date=11 May 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

;Full (&lt;section begin=&quot;Sputnik Light_FN&quot;/&gt;0&lt;section end=&quot;Sputnik Light_FN&quot;/&gt;)

;Emergency (&lt;section begin=&quot;Sputnik Light_EN&quot;/&gt;28&lt;section end=&quot;Sputnik Light_EN&quot;/&gt;)
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top: 0.3em; column-width: 15em;&quot;&gt;
# Angola&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Sputnik Light Vaccine Approved For Use In Angola |url=https://sputnikvaccine.com/newsroom/pressreleases/sputnik-light-vaccine-approved-for-use-in-angola/ |access-date=13 May 2021 |publisher=Sputnik V vaccine |date=12 May 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Argentina&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=BOLETIN OFICIAL REPUBLICA ARGENTINA - MINISTERIO DE SALUD - Resolución 3451/2021|url=https://www.boletinoficial.gob.ar/detalleAviso/primera/253978|access-date=7 December 2021|website=www.boletinoficial.gob.ar}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Armenia&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Armenia approves Russian one-dose Sputnik Light vaccine|url=https://en.armradio.am/2021/09/06/armenia-approves-russian-one-dose-sputnik-light-vaccine/|access-date=8 December 2021|website=Public Radio of Armenia}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Bahrain&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=11 May 2021|title=Bahrain authorizes emergency use of one-shot Sputnik-Light COVID-19 vaccine|publisher=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/bahrain-authorizes-emergency-use-one-shot-sputnik-light-covid-19-vaccine-2021-05-11/|access-date=12 May 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Belarus&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Belarus registers Russia's Sputnik Light vaccine for use |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/healthcare-pharmaceuticals/belarus-registers-russias-sputnik-light-vaccine-use-2021-06-03/ |access-date=4 June 2021 |date=3 June 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Benin&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=14 January 2022|title=Sputnik Light vaccine authorized in Benin, says Russian Direct Investment Fund|work=[[TASS]]|url=https://tass.com/world/1388289|access-date=7 February 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Cambodia&lt;ref name=&quot;auto20&quot;/&gt;
# Congo-Brazzaville&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Single-dose Sputnik Light vaccine approved for use in the Republic of the Congo |url=https://rdif.ru/Eng_fullNews/6878/ |publisher=Russian Direct Investment Fund |website=rdif.ru |date=7 June 2021 |access-date=7 June 2021 |archive-date=7 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210607175016/https://rdif.ru/Eng_fullNews/6878/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Egypt&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=The single-component Sputnik Light vaccine authorized in Egypt|url=https://sputnikvaccine.com/newsroom/pressreleases/the-single-component-sputnik-light-vaccine-authorized-in-egypt/|access-date=1 October 2021|website=sputnikvaccine}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Iran&lt;ref name=&quot;TrackVax&quot;/&gt;
# India&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Sputnik Light: DCGI nod to emergency use of single-dose Covid vaccine|url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/sputnik-light-dcgi-nod-to-emergency-use-of-single-dose-covid-vaccine-11644160096963.html|website=Livemint|date=2 February 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Kazakhstan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Kazakhstan approves Russia's single-dose Sputnik Light vaccine |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/kazakhstan-approves-russias-single-dose-sputnik-light-vaccine-rdif-2021-07-15/ |access-date=15 July 2021 |work=Reuters |date=15 July 2021 |location=Moscow}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Kyrgyzstan&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Single-dose Sputnik Light vaccine registered in Kyrgyzstan|url=https://sputnikvaccine.com/newsroom/pressreleases/single-dose-sputnik-light-vaccine-registered-in-kyrgyzstan/|access-date=25 June 2021|website=sputnikvaccine}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Laos&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
# Mauritius&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Russia's Sputnik Light vaccine approved for use in Mauritius |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/healthcare-pharmaceuticals/russias-sputnik-light-vaccine-approved-use-mauritius-rdif-2021-06-02/ |access-date=4 June 2021 |work=Reuters |date=2 June 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Mongolia&lt;ref&gt;{{cite press release |title=Single-dose Sputnik Light vaccine registered in Mongolia |url=https://rdif.ru/Eng_fullNews/6907/ |location=Moscow |publisher=Russian Direct Investment Fund |access-date=25 June 2021 |date=11 June 2021 |archive-date=29 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210629205823/https://rdif.ru/Eng_fullNews/6907/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Nicaragua&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Single-dose Sputnik Light vaccine approved for use in Nicaragua |url=https://rdif.ru/Eng_fullNews/6846/ |publisher=Russian Direct Investment Fund |date=20 May 2021 |access-date=1 June 2021 |archive-date=3 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210603092124/https://rdif.ru/Eng_fullNews/6846/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Palestine&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Russia's Sputnik Light vaccine approved for use in Palestinian territories |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/health-coronavirus-russia-israel-palesti-idUSR4N2NB01F |access-date=4 June 2021 |work=Reuters |date=31 May 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Philippines&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Philippines approves emergency use of Russia's Sputnik Light vaccine|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/philippines-approves-emergency-use-russias-sputnik-light-vaccine-2021-08-23/ |access-date=23 August 2021 |work=Reuters |date=23 August 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Russia&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Russia Approves Single-Dose Sputnik Light Covid Vaccine For Use |url=https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/russia-approves-single-dose-sputnik-light-covid-19-vaccine-for-use-2436470 |publisher=NDTV Coronavirus |date=6 May 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Saint Vincent and the Grenadines&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
# San Marino&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Russian Direct Investment Fund|url=https://rdif.ru/Eng_fullNews/7171/|access-date=30 November 2021|website=rdif.ru|archive-date=30 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211130200937/https://rdif.ru/Eng_fullNews/7171/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Syria&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Batch of Russia's Sputnik Light vaccine delivered to Syria |url=https://tass.com/world/1317383 |access-date=31 July 2021 |work=TASS |date=24 July 2021 |location=Damascus}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Tanzania&lt;ref name=&quot;TrackVax&quot;/&gt;
# Tunisia&lt;ref name=&quot;TrackVax&quot;/&gt;
# Turkmenistan&lt;ref name=&quot;TrackVax&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://turkmenportal.com/blog/42752/turkmenistan-zaregistriroval-oblegchennyi-variant-rossiiskoi-vakciny-sputnik-v Туркменистан зарегистрировал облегченный вариант российской вакцины «Спутник V»]&lt;/ref&gt;
# United Arab Emirates&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=6 October 2021|title=UAE authorises Sputnik Light COVID-19 vaccine -Russia's RDIF|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/uae-authorises-sputnik-light-covid-19-vaccine-russias-rdif-2021-10-06/|access-date=23 October 2021|website=[[Reuters]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Venezuela&lt;ref&gt;{{cite press release|title=Single-dose Sputnik Light vaccine approved for use in Venezuela |url=https://sputnikvaccine.com/newsroom/pressreleases/single-dose-sputnik-light-vaccine-approved-for-use-in-venezuela/|access-date=15 May 2021|publisher=Gamaleya Center}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;'''Non-country entities'''
* Abkhazia&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=28 October 2021|title=In Abkhazia, 3,638 People Were Covid-19 Vaccination With Satellite Light |url=https://minzdrav.apsny.land/novosti/item/801-v-abkhazii-privivku-ot-covid-19-sputnikom-lajt-sdelali-3638-chelovek}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Donbass Region (unofficially)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://warsawinstitute.org/moscow-plays-donbas-part-ukraine-conflict/ |title=Moscow Plays Up Donbas As Part Of The Ukraine Conflict |publisher=Warsaw Institute |date=2021-07-30 |access-date=2022-03-04 |accessdate=2022-07-06 |archivedate=2021-08-04 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210804163629/https://warsawinstitute.org/moscow-plays-donbas-part-ukraine-conflict/ }}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

;Travel-only
* Malaysia&lt;ref name=&quot;MY&quot;/&gt;
* New Zealand&lt;ref name=&quot;auto9&quot;/&gt;
* Turkey&lt;ref name=&quot;visasturkey.com&quot;/&gt;
{{clear}}

== Covaxin ==
&lt;section begin=&quot;covaxinauthmap&quot;/&gt;
{{infobox
| image            = {{Graph:Map|scale=65|defaultValue=gainsboro
|AF=limegreen|AG=limegreen|AL=limegreen|AM=limegreen|AO=limegreen|AR=limegreen|AZ=limegreen|AU=turquoise
|BA=limegreen|BB=limegreen|BD=limegreen|BF=limegreen|BH=dodgerblue|BJ=limegreen|BN=limegreen|BO=limegreen|BR=limegreen|BS=limegreen|BT=limegreen|BW=dodgerblue|BZ=limegreen
|CD=limegreen|CF=dodgerblue|CG=limegreen|CI=limegreen|CL=limegreen|CM=limegreen|CO=limegreen|CR=limegreen|CV=limegreen
|DJ=limegreen|DM=limegreen|DO=limegreen|DZ=limegreen
|EC=limegreen|EE=turquoise|EG=limegreen|ET=dodgerblue|
|FJ=limegreen|FM=limegreen|FI=turquoise
|GD=limegreen|GB=turquoise|GE=limegreen|GH=limegreen|GM=limegreen|GN=limegreen|GR=turquoise|GT=dodgerblue|GY=dodgerblue
|HK=dodgerblue|HN=limegreen|HT=limegreen
|ID=limegreen|IN=blueviolet|IQ=limegreen|IR=dodgerblue|IS=turquoise
|JM=limegreen|JO=limegreen
|KE=limegreen|KG=turquoise|KH=limegreen|KI=limegreen|KM=dodgerblue|KN=limegreen|KP=limegreen|KR=limegreen|
|LA=limegreen|LB=limegreen|LC=limegreen|LK=turquoise|LR=limegreen|LS=limegreen|LY=limegreen
|MA=limegreen|MC=limegreen|MD=limegreen|ME=limegreen|MH=limegreen|MK=limegreen|ML=limegreen|MM=dodgerblue|MN=turquoise|MR=limegreen|MU=dodgerblue|MV=limegreen|MW=limegreen|MX=dodgerblue|MY=dodgerblue|MZ=limegreen
|NA=limegreen|NE=limegreen|NG=limegreen|NI=dodgerblue|NP=dodgerblue|NR=limegreen|NZ=turquoise
|OM=turquoise
|PA=limegreen|PE=limegreen|PG=limegreen|PH=dodgerblue|PK=limegreen|PS=turquoise|PY=dodgerblue
|QA=limegreen
|RS=limegreen|RW=limegreen
|SA=turquoise|SB=limegreen|SD=limegreen|SG=turquoise|SL=limegreen|SN=limegreen|SO=limegreen|SR=limegreen|SS=limegreen|ST=limegreen|SV=limegreen|SY=limegreen|SZ=limegreen
|TD=limegreen|TG=limegreen|TH=turquoise|TJ=limegreen|TL=limegreen|TN=limegreen|TO=limegreen|TT=dodgerblue|TV=limegreen
|UA=limegreen|UG=limegreen|US=turquoise|UY=limegreen|UZ=limegreen|CH=turquoise|TR=turquoise|
|VC=limegreen|VE=dodgerblue|VN=dodgerblue|VU=limegreen
|WS=limegreen
|XK=limegreen
|YE=limegreen
|ZA=limegreen|ZM=limegreen|ZW=dodgerblue
|AD=turquoise|AT=turquoise|CA=turquoise|HR=turquoise|CY=turquoise|IE=turquoise|LI=turquoise|NL=turquoise|SI=turquoise|SK=turquoise|ES=turquoise|SE=turquoise
}}
| caption          = {{leftlegend|blueviolet|Full authorization}}
{{leftlegend|dodgerblue|Emergency authorization}}
{{leftlegend|turquoise|Allowed for travel}}
{{leftlegend|limegreen|Eligible [[COVAX]] recipient}}
}}
&lt;section end=&quot;covaxinauthmap&quot;/&gt;
[[Covaxin]] is an [[inactivated vaccine|inactivated virus vaccine]] produced by the Indian company [[Bharat Biotech]] in collaboration with the [[Indian Council of Medical Research]]–[[National Institute of Virology]].

;Full (&lt;section begin=&quot;Covaxin_EN&quot;/&gt;1&lt;section end=&quot;Covaxin_EN&quot;/&gt;)
# India&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt;
;Emergency (&lt;section begin=&quot;Covaxin_EN&quot;/&gt;19&lt;section end=&quot;Covaxin_EN&quot;/&gt;)
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top: 0.3em; column-width: 18em;&quot;&gt;
# Bahrain&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=11 November 2021|title=Bahrain authorizes COVAXIN for emergency use|work=[[Bahrain News Agency]]|url=https://www.bna.bh/en/BahrainauthorizesCOVAXINforemergencyuse.aspx?cms=q8FmFJgiscL2fwIzON1%2bDvdCpVGdtuusfPwcuTv4D1k%3d|access-date=29 January 2022|accessdate=6 July 2022|archivedate=29 September 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220929020808/https://www.bna.bh/en/BahrainauthorizesCOVAXINforemergencyuse.aspx?cms=q8FmFJgiscL2fwIzON1%2BDvdCpVGdtuusfPwcuTv4D1k%3D}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Botswana&lt;ref name=&quot;cov-200421&quot;&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/covid-19-bharat-biotech-ramps-up-covaxin-capacity-to-700-million-doses-per-annum/articleshow/82162467.cms|title=Covid-19: Bharat Biotech ramps up Covaxin capacity to 700 million doses per annum &amp;#124; India News |website=The Times of India}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Central African Republic&lt;ref name=&quot;cdctracker&quot;/&gt;
# Comoros&lt;ref name=&quot;cdctracker&quot;/&gt;
# Ethiopia&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot; /&gt;
# Guatemala&lt;ref name=&quot;cov-200421&quot;/&gt; (not used)&lt;ref name=&quot;auto23&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://ais.paho.org/imm/IM_DosisAdmin-Vacunacion.asp|title=COVID-19 vaccine doses administered in the Americas|website=ais.paho.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Guyana&lt;ref name=&quot;cov-200421&quot;/&gt; (not used)&lt;ref name=&quot;auto23&quot;/&gt;
# Iran&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Iran issues permit for emergency use for three other COVID-19 vaccines: Official |url=https://en.irna.ir/news/84233593/Iran-issues-permit-for-emergency-use-for-three-other-COVID-19 |work=IRNA English |date=17 February 2021 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Malaysia&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=
https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2022/02/770394/covaxin-given-conditional-approval-under-emergency-use-protocols|title=Covaxin given conditional approval under emergency use protocols|website=nst.com.my|publisher=[[New Straits Times]]|date=10 February 2021|access-date=10 February 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Mauritius&lt;ref name=&quot;auto32&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last=Livemint|date=1 November 2021|title=5 more countries recognise India's Covid vaccination certificate. Details here|url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/five-more-countries-recognise-india-s-covid-vaccination-certificate-details-here-11635766929707.html|access-date=1 November 2021|website=mint}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Mexico&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||url=https://www.excelsior.com.mx/nacional/mexico-autoriza-covaxin-vacuna-de-emergencia-india/1441874|title=México autoriza Covaxin, la vacuna india contra covid-19|publisher=Excelsior|date=6 April 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; (not used)&lt;ref name=&quot;auto23&quot;/&gt;
# Myanmar&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Myanmar sees over 130,000 Covid-19 recoveries, just over 7,000 still in hospital |url=https://elevenmyanmar.com/news/myanmar-sees-over-130000-covid-19-recoveries-just-over-7000-still-in-hospital |work=[[Eleven Media Group]] |date=19 February 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Nepal&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Sharma|first=Gopal|date=19 March 2021|title=Nepal becomes third country to give emergency nod to Indian vaccine COVAXIN|publisher=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/health-coronavirus-nepal-india-idUSKBN2BB1KN|access-date=19 March 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Nicaragua&lt;ref name=&quot;cov-200421&quot;/&gt; (not used)&lt;ref name=&quot;auto23&quot;/&gt;
# Paraguay&lt;ref name=&quot;covaxin-py&quot;&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/covid19-india-provides-100-000-doses-of-covaxin-vaccine-to-paraguay-101617057324587.html|title=India provides 100,000 doses of Covaxin vaccine to Paraguay|work=Hindustan Times|date=30 March 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite tweet|number=1376615865068752896|user=MaritoAbdo|title=Acaban de llegar 100.000 dosis de vacunas contra el Covid-19, provenientes de la India. La prioridad es avanzar hacia la inmunización de todo el personal de blanco y luego la población de riesgo. Gracias a la República de la India por el apoyo.|date=30 March 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Philippines&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Philippine FDA issues full EUA to Bharat Biotech's Covaxin |url=https://mb.com.ph/2021/06/23/philippine-fda-issues-full-eua-to-bharat-biotechs-covaxin/ |publisher=Manila Bulletin |date=23 June 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=FDA grants full emergency use authorization for Covaxin |url=https://cnnphilippines.com/news/2021/6/25/COVAXIN-EUA-Philippines.html |publisher=CNN Philippines |date=25 June 2021 |accessdate=7 July 2021 |archivedate=3 July 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210703070449/https://cnnphilippines.com/news/2021/6/25/COVAXIN-EUA-Philippines.html }}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Trinidad and Tobago&lt;ref name=&quot;newsday.co.tt&quot;/&gt;
# Venezuela&lt;ref name=&quot;cov-200421&quot;/&gt; (not used)&lt;ref name=&quot;auto23&quot;/&gt;
# Vietnam&lt;ref name=&quot;hk-vn-covaxin&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Covid-19: Hong Kong, Vietnam latest to approve Covaxin for emergency use |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/covid19-hong-kong-vietnam-latest-to-approve-covaxin-for-emergency-use-101636530349366.html |work=Hindustan Times |date=10 November 2021 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Zimbabwe&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||date=4 March 2021|title=Zimbabwe approves Covaxin, first in Africa to okay India-made Covid-19 vaccine|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/zimbabwe-approves-covaxin-first-in-africa-to-okay-india-made-covid-19-vaccine-101614859597880.html|access-date=3 July 2021|website=Hindustan Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;!-- not counted --&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;'''[[List of ISO 3166-1 codes|Non-country entities]]'''
* ''[[World Health Organization]]''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=India's first homegrown COVID-19 shot wins WHO emergency use listing |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/india/whos-advisory-group-recommends-emergency-listing-indias-first-homegrown-covid-19-2021-11-03/ |work=Reuters |date=3 November 2021 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO PR 20211103&quot;&gt;{{cite press release | title=WHO issues emergency use listing for eighth COVID-19 vaccine | website=[[World Health Organization]] (WHO) | url=https://www.who.int/news/item/03-11-2021-who-issues-emergency-use-listing-for-eighth-covid-19-vaccine | access-date=3 November 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
;Travel-only
{{div col|colwidth=18em}}
* Andorra&lt;ref name=&quot;auto24&quot;/&gt;
* Australia&lt;ref name=&quot;AU recognized&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;tga-covaxin-bibp&quot;/&gt;
* Austria&lt;ref name=&quot;auto10&quot;/&gt; (only for entry)
* Canada&lt;ref name=&quot;auto31&quot;/&gt;
* Costa Rica&lt;ref name=&quot;auto41&quot;/&gt;
* Croatia&lt;ref name=&quot;auto19&quot;/&gt;
* Cyprus&lt;ref name=&quot;auto15&quot;/&gt;
* Estonia&lt;ref name=&quot;auto26&quot;/&gt; (only if approved in a person's country of origin)
* Finland&lt;ref name=&quot;auto37&quot;/&gt;
* Greece&lt;ref name=&quot;auto27&quot;/&gt;
* Grenada&lt;ref name=&quot;auto8&quot;/&gt;
* Hong Kong&lt;ref name=&quot;HK&quot;/&gt;
* Iceland&lt;ref name=&quot;auto18&quot;/&gt;
* Ireland&lt;ref name=&quot;auto11&quot;/&gt;
* Kyrgyzstan&lt;ref name=&quot;auto32&quot;/&gt;
* Liechtenstein&lt;ref name=&quot;auto28&quot;/&gt;
* Mongolia&lt;ref name=&quot;auto32&quot;/&gt;
* New Zealand&lt;ref name=&quot;auto9&quot;/&gt;
* Norway&lt;ref name=&quot;police1&quot;/&gt;
* Oman&lt;ref name=&quot;auto36&quot;/&gt;
* Palestine&lt;ref name=&quot;auto32&quot;/&gt;
* Palau&lt;ref name=&quot;palaugov.pw&quot;/&gt;
* Panama&lt;ref name=&quot;auto35&quot;/&gt;
* Portugal&lt;ref name=&quot;visitmadeira1&quot;/&gt; (only in Madeira)
* Saudi Arabia&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://keralakaumudi.com/en/news/mobile/news.php?id=701543&amp;u= |title=Relief for expatriates: Saudi Arabia approves four more vaccines, including Covaxin |date=6 December 2021 |publisher=[[Kerala Kaumudi]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Singapore&lt;ref name=&quot;channelnewsasia.com&quot;/&gt;
* Slovakia&lt;ref name=&quot;auto29&quot;/&gt;
* Slovenia&lt;ref name=&quot;auto30&quot;/&gt;
* South Korea&lt;ref name=&quot;auto42&quot;/&gt;
* Spain&lt;ref name=&quot;auto40&quot;/&gt;
* Sri Lanka&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Sri Lanka green light for Covaxin: Opens quarantine free for fully jabbed Indian tourists |url=https://m.timesofindia.com/business/international-business/sri-lanka-green-light-for-covaxin-opens-quarantine-free-for-fully-jabbed-indian-tourists/articleshow/85594554.cms |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |date=24 August 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* St. Kitts and Nevis&lt;ref name=&quot;auto33&quot;/&gt;
* St. Lucia&lt;ref name=&quot;auto17&quot;/&gt;
* St. Vincent and the Grenadines&lt;ref name=&quot;auto21&quot;/&gt;
* Sweden&lt;ref name=&quot;auto38&quot;/&gt;
* Switzerland&lt;ref name=&quot;auto39&quot;/&gt;
* Thailand&lt;ref name=&quot;ThailandPass&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Thailand Pass FAQs |url=https://consular.mfa.go.th/th/content/thailand-pass-faqs-2 |website=Department of Consular Affairs |access-date=11 January 2022 |accessdate=6 July 2022 |archivedate=30 June 2022 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220630074407/https://consular.mfa.go.th/th/content/thailand-pass-faqs-2 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* The Netherlands&lt;ref name=&quot;auto25&quot;/&gt;
* Turkey&lt;ref name=&quot;auto12&quot;/&gt;
* Ukraine&lt;ref name=&quot;auto22&quot;/&gt;
* United Kingdom&lt;ref name=&quot;auto34&quot;/&gt;
* United States&lt;ref name=&quot;auto16&quot;/&gt;
{{div col end}}
{{clear}}

== Convidecia ==
&lt;section begin=&quot;convideciaauthmap&quot;/&gt;
{{infobox|image={{Graph:Map|scale=50|defaultValue=gainsboro
|AR=dodgerblue
|CL=dodgerblue
|CN=blueviolet
|EC=dodgerblue
|HK=turquoise
|HU=dodgerblue
|ID=dodgerblue
|MD=dodgerblue
|MX=dodgerblue
|MY=dodgerblue
|NZ=turquoise
|PK=dodgerblue
|TR=turquoise
}}
|caption=
{{leftlegend|blueviolet|Full authorization}}
{{leftlegend|dodgerblue|Emergency authorization}}
{{leftlegend|turquoise|Allowed for travel}}
}}
&lt;section end=&quot;convideciaauthmap&quot;/&gt;
[[Ad5-nCoV|Convidecia]] is a [[viral vector vaccine]]&lt;ref name=&quot;zhu7-20&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|display-authors=6|vauthors=Zhu FC, Guan XH, Li YH, Huang JY, Jiang T, Hou LH, Li JX, Yang BF, Wang L, Wang WJ, Wu SP, Wang Z, Wu XH, Xu JJ, Zhang Z, Jia SY, Wang BS, Hu Y, Liu JJ, Zhang J, Qian XA, Li Q, Pan HX, Jiang HD, Deng P, Gou JB, Wang XW, Wang XH, Chen W|date=August 2020|title=Immunogenicity and safety of a recombinant adenovirus type-5-vectored COVID-19 vaccine in healthy adults aged 18 years or older: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial|journal=Lancet|volume=396|issue=10249|pages=479–88|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(20)31605-6|pmc=7836858|pmid=32702299|doi-access=free|title-link=doi}}&lt;/ref&gt; produced by the Chinese company [[CanSino Biologics]] and the Beijing Institute of Biotechnology of the [[Academy of Military Medical Sciences]].

;Full (&lt;section begin=&quot;Convidecia_FN&quot;/&gt;1&lt;section end=&quot;Convidecia_FN&quot;/&gt;)
# China&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=China approves two more domestic COVID-19 vaccines for public use |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-china-vaccine-idUSKBN2AP1MW |access-date=16 March 2021 |publisher=Reuters |date=25 February 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

;Emergency (&lt;section begin=&quot;Convidecia_EN&quot;/&gt;9&lt;section end=&quot;Convidecia_EN&quot;/&gt;)
# Argentina&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||date=11 June 2021|title=Argentina issues emergency approval to China's single-dose Cansino COVID-19 vaccine|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/argentina-issues-emergency-approval-chinas-single-dose-cansino-covid-19-vaccine-2021-06-11/|access-date=11 June 2021|website=Reuters}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Chile&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=ISP Approves Emergency Use And Importation Of Cansino Vaccine To Fight COVID-19|url=https://www.ispch.cl/noticia/isp-aprueba-uso-de-emergencia-e-importacion-de-la-vacuna-covid-19-de-laboratorio-cansino/|access-date=8 April 2021|website=Institute of Public Health of Chile}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Ecuador&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||date=15 June 2021|title=Ecuador authorizes use of China's CanSino vaccine against COVID-19|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/ecuador-authorizes-use-chinas-cansino-vaccine-against-covid-19-2021-06-15/|access-date=16 June 2021|website=Reuters}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Hungary&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=China's CanSino Biologics COVID-19 vaccine receives emergency use approval in Hungary | publisher=MSN | date=22 March 2021 | url=https://www.msn.com/en-xl/europe/top-stories/china-s-cansino-biologics-covid-19-vaccine-receives-emergency-use-approval-in-hungary/ar-BB1eOIEV | access-date=22 March 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;WashPost Hungary&quot; /&gt;
# Indonesia&lt;ref name=&quot;auto6&quot;/&gt;
# Malaysia&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Govt approves Pfizer jabs for 12-year-olds and above, CanSino and Johnson &amp; Johnson vaccines get conditional registration, says Health DG|url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2021/06/15/govt-approves-pfizer-jabs-for-12-year-olds-and-above-conditional-approval-for-cansino-and-johnson--johnson-vaccines-says-health-dg|access-date=15 June 2021|website=The Star}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Mexico&lt;ref name=&quot;AD5 mexico&quot;/&gt;
# Moldova&lt;ref name=&quot;msmps.gov.md&quot;/&gt;
# Pakistan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news | last1=Shahzad |first1=Asif |title=Pakistan approves Chinese CanSinoBIO COVID vaccine for emergency use |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-pakistan-vaccine/pakistan-approves-chinese-cansinobio-covid-vaccine-for-emergency-use-idUSKBN2AC1FG |publisher=Reuters |access-date=12 February 2021 |date=12 February 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;!-- not counted --&gt;&lt;br /&gt;'''[[List of ISO 3166-1 codes|Non-country entities]]'''
* ''[[World Health Organization]]''
;Travel-only
* Hong Kong&lt;ref name=&quot;HK&quot;/&gt;
* New Zealand&lt;ref name=&quot;auto9&quot;/&gt;
* Turkey&lt;ref name=&quot;visasturkey.com&quot;/&gt;
{{clear}}

== Sinopharm WIBP ==
&lt;section begin=&quot;wibpauthmap&quot;/&gt;
{{infobox|image={{Graph:Map|scale=50|defaultValue=gainsboro
|AE=dodgerblue
|CN=blueviolet
|HK=turquoise
|MK=dodgerblue
|MY=turquoise
|NZ=turquoise
|PE=dodgerblue
|PH=dodgerblue
|TR=turquoise
|VE=dodgerblue
}}
|caption=
{{leftlegend|blueviolet|Full authorization}}
{{leftlegend|dodgerblue|Emergency authorization}}
{{leftlegend|turquoise|Allowed for travel}}
}}
&lt;section end=&quot;wibpauthmap&quot;/&gt;
The [[Sinopharm WIBP COVID-19 vaccine]] is an [[inactivated vaccine|inactivated virus vaccine]] produced by the [[China National Pharmaceutical Group]] (Sinopharm) and its [[Wuhan Institute of Biological Products]].

;Full (&lt;section begin=&quot;Sinopharm-WIBP_FN&quot;/&gt;1&lt;section end=&quot;Sinopharm-WIBP_FN&quot;/&gt;)
# China&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Wee|first=Sui-Lee|date=25 February 2021|title=China approves two more Covid-19 vaccines.|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/live/2021/02/25/world/covid-19-coronavirus|access-date=1 April 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

;Emergency (&lt;section begin=&quot;Sinopharm-WIBP_EN&quot;/&gt;5&lt;section end=&quot;Sinopharm-WIBP_EN&quot;/&gt;)
# North Macedonia&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
# Peru&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;
# Philippines&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |author1=De Vera, Analou |title=FDA grants EUA to COVID-19 vaccine Sinopharm manufactured by Wuhan affiliate |url=https://mb.com.ph/2021/08/25/fda-grants-eua-to-covid-19-vaccine-sinopharm-manufactured-by-wuhan-affiliate/ |publisher=Manila Bulletin |date=25 August 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# United Arab Emirates&lt;ref name=&quot;NYT vaccine tracker&quot; /&gt;
# Venezuela&lt;ref name=&quot;whotracker&quot;/&gt;

;Travel-only
* Hong Kong&lt;ref name=&quot;HK&quot;/&gt;
* Malaysia&lt;ref name=&quot;MY&quot;/&gt;
* New Zealand&lt;ref name=&quot;auto9&quot;/&gt;
* Turkey&lt;ref name=&quot;visasturkey.com&quot;/&gt;
{{clear}}

== Abdala ==
&lt;section begin=&quot;abdalaauthmap&quot;/&gt;
{{infobox|image={{Graph:Map|scale=50|defaultValue=gainsboro
|CU=dodgerblue
|GY=turquoise
|KH=turquoise
|LC=turquoise
|MX=dodgerblue
|MY=turquoise
|NI=dodgerblue
|NZ=turquoise
|TR=turquoise
|UY=turquoise
|VC=turquoise
|VE=dodgerblue
|VN=dodgerblue
}}
|caption=
{{leftlegend|blueviolet|Full authorization}}
{{leftlegend|dodgerblue|Emergency authorization}}
{{leftlegend|turquoise|Allowed for travel}}
}}
&lt;section end=&quot;abdalaauthmap&quot;/&gt;
[[Abdala (vaccine)|Abdala]] is a [[subunit vaccine]] developed by the [[Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology]] in [[Cuba]].

;Full (&lt;section begin=&quot;Abdala_FN&quot;/&gt;0&lt;section end=&quot;Abdala_FN&quot;/&gt;)

;Emergency (&lt;section begin=&quot;Abdala_EN&quot;/&gt;6&lt;section end=&quot;Abdala_EN&quot;/&gt;)
# Cuba&lt;ref name=&quot;Cubarollout&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|date=9 July 2021|title=COVID: Cuba approves emergency use of own Abdala vaccine|work=Deutsche Welle|url=https://www.dw.com/en/covid-cuba-approves-emergency-use-of-own-abdala-vaccine/a-58222105|access-date=9 July 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Aprueba el CECMED el Autorizo de Uso de Emergencia del candidato vacunal cubano ABDALA {{!}} CECMED|url=https://www.cecmed.cu/noticias/aprueba-cecmed-autorizo-uso-emergencia-candidato-vacunal-cubano-abdala|access-date=9 July 2021|website=www.cecmed.cu|language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Mexico&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=29 December 2021|title=Cofepris emite autorización para uso de emergencia de vacuna Abdala|url=https://www.gob.mx/cofepris/articulos/cofepris-emite-autorizacion-para-uso-de-emergencia-de-vacuna-abdala|access-date=29 December 2021|website=www.gob.mx/cofepris|language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Nicaragua&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Nicaragua authorises two COVID-19 vaccines from Cuba, Cuban firm says|url=https://www.reuters.com/business/healthcare-pharmaceuticals/nicaragua-authorises-two-covid-19-vaccines-cuba-cuban-firm-says-2021-10-02/ |access-date= 4 October 2021|publisher=Reuters |date=2 October 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# St. Vincent and the Grenadines&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Vincentians have access to Cuban Abdala vaccine {{!}} Loop Caribbean News|url=https://caribbean.loopnews.com/content/vincentians-have-access-cuban-abdala-vaccine|access-date=28 December 2021|website=Loop News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=28 December 2021|title=St Vincent, The Grenadines to use Cuba's Abdala vaccine|work=Political Lore|url=https://www.politicallore.com/st-vincent-the-grenadines-to-use-cubas-abdala-vaccine/27626|access-date=13 January 2022|accessdate=6 July 2022|archivedate=12 August 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220812182942/https://www.politicallore.com/st-vincent-the-grenadines-to-use-cubas-abdala-vaccine/27626}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Venezuela&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Venezuela receives first shipment of Cuban coronavirus vaccine |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/venezuela-receives-first-shipment-cuban-coronavirus-vaccine-2021-06-24/ |access-date=3 July 2021 |publisher=Reuters |date=25 June 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Vietnam&lt;ref name=&quot;NYT vaccine tracker&quot;/&gt;

;Travel-only
* Cambodia&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.khmertimeskh.com/50971131/list-of-covid-19-vaccines-recognised-by-cambodia-for-quarantine-free-international-entry/|title = List of COVID-19 vaccines recognised by Cambodia for quarantine free international entry - Khmer Times|date = 15 November 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Colombia&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Conozca las 20 vacunas aceptadas para el ingreso de viajeros a Colombia|url=https://www.cali.gov.co/publicaciones/165988/conozca-las-20-vacunas-aceptadas-para-el-ingreso-de-viajeros-a-colombia/|access-date=15 December 2021|website=www.cali.gov.co|language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Guyana&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot;&gt;{{cite web |date=November 2021 |title=Requirements for Port Entry into Guyana |url=https://www.health.gov.gy/images/travel_requirement.pdf#page=2 |access-date=2 March 2022 |website=www.health.gov.gy/index.php/component/k2/item/304-travel-guidelines |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:14&quot;&gt;{{cite web |date=19 January 2022 |title=Travel Restrictions Entering Guyana from Cuba |url=https://airheart.com/travel-bans/from/cuba/to/guyana |access-date=2 March 2022 |website=airheart.com/travel-bans |language=en |accessdate=6 July 2022 |archivedate=2 March 2022 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220302141904/https://airheart.com/travel-bans/from/cuba/to/guyana }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Malaysia&lt;ref name=&quot;MY&quot;/&gt;
* New Zealand&lt;ref name=&quot;auto9&quot;/&gt;
* St. Lucia&lt;ref name=&quot;auto17&quot;/&gt;
* Turkey&lt;ref name=&quot;visasturkey.com&quot;/&gt;
* Uruguay&lt;ref name=&quot;auto14&quot;/&gt; (only if accepted in the country of the person's origin)
{{clear}}

== EpiVacCorona ==
&lt;section begin=&quot;epivac-coronaauthmap&quot;/&gt;
{{infobox|image={{Graph:Map|scale=50|defaultValue=gainsboro
|TM=blueviolet|TR=turquoise
|RU=dodgerblue
|BY=dodgerblue
|NZ=turquoise
|KH=dodgerblue
|VE=dodgerblue
|MY=turquoise
}}
|caption=
{{leftlegend|blueviolet|Full authorization}}
{{leftlegend|dodgerblue|Emergency authorization}}
{{leftlegend|turquoise|Allowed for travel}}
}}
&lt;section end=&quot;epivac-coronaauthmap&quot;/&gt;
[[EpiVacCorona]] is a [[peptide vaccine]] produced by the Russian [[State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR]]&lt;wbr /&gt;.&lt;ref name=&quot;NCT045275753&quot;&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||date=22 September 2020|title=Study of the Safety, Reactogenicity and Immunogenicity of &quot;EpiVacCorona&quot; Vaccine for the Prevention of COVID-19 (EpiVacCorona)|url=https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04527575|access-date=16 November 2020|website=[[ClinicalTrials.gov]]|publisher=[[United States National Library of Medicine]]|id=NCT04368988}}&lt;/ref&gt;

;Full (&lt;section begin=&quot;EpiVacCorona_FN&quot;/&gt;1&lt;section end=&quot;EpiVacCorona_FN&quot;/&gt;)
# Turkmenistan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title= Turkmenistan registers vaccines for the prevention of infectious diseases |url=https://tdh.gov.tm/en/post/25911/turkmenistan-registers-vaccines-prevention-infectious-diseases |work=Turkmenistan Today |date=29 January 2021 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Russian vaccine &quot;EpiVacCorona&quot; was registered in Turkmenistan |url=https://www.en24news.com/e/2021/01/russian-vaccine-epivaccorona-was-registered-in-turkmenistan.html |work=EN24 |date=29 January 2021 |accessdate=7 July 2021 |archivedate=19 March 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210319140314/https://www.en24news.com/error }}&lt;/ref&gt;

;Emergency (&lt;section begin=&quot;EpiVacCorona_EN&quot;/&gt;4&lt;section end=&quot;EpiVacCorona_EN&quot;/&gt;)
# Belarus&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||date=3 February 2021|title=Belarus receives Russia's EpiVacCorona vaccine|url=https://eng.belta.by/society/view/belarus-receives-russias-epivaccorona-vaccine-137131-2021/|access-date=5 April 2021|website=Belta}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Cambodia&lt;ref name=&quot;TrackVax&quot;/&gt;
# Russia&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = О регистрации вакцины ФБУН ГНЦ ВБ &quot;Вектор&quot; Роспотребнадзора &quot;ЭпиВакКорона&quot; | website = Rospotrebnadzor | url = https://www.rospotrebnadzor.ru/region/rss/rss.php?ELEMENT_ID=15660 | date = 14 October 2020 | language = ru | accessdate = 7 July 2021 | archivedate = 1 November 2020 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20201101010437/https://www.rospotrebnadzor.ru/region/rss/rss.php?ELEMENT_ID=15660 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = Russia's EpiVacCorona vaccine post-registration trials started | publisher=The Pharma Letter |url = https://www.thepharmaletter.com/article/russia-s-epivaccorona-vaccine-post-registration-trials-started |date=18 November 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Venezuela&lt;ref name=&quot;TrackVax&quot;/&gt;

;Travel-only
* Malaysia&lt;ref name=&quot;MY&quot;/&gt;
* New Zealand&lt;ref name=&quot;auto9&quot;/&gt;
* Turkey&lt;ref name=&quot;visasturkey.com&quot;/&gt;
{{clear}}

== Zifivax ==
&lt;section begin=&quot;rbd-dimerauthmap&quot;/&gt;
{{infobox|image={{Graph:Map|scale=50|defaultValue=gainsboro
|CN=dodgerblue
|HK=turquoise
|ID=dodgerblue
|MY=turquoise
|NZ=turquoise
|PK=dodgerblue
|TR=turquoise
|UZ=dodgerblue
}}
|caption=
{{leftlegend|blueviolet|Full authorization}}
{{leftlegend|dodgerblue|Emergency authorization}}
{{leftlegend|turquoise|Allowed for travel}}
}}
&lt;section end=&quot;rbd-dimerauthmap&quot;/&gt;
[[ZF2001|Zifivax]] is a [[subunit vaccine]] produced by the Chinese company [[Anhui Zhifei Longcom Biopharmaceutical]].&lt;ref name=&quot;london2&quot;&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||date=1 March 2021|title=COVID-19 vaccine development pipeline (Refresh URL to update)|url=https://vac-lshtm.shinyapps.io/ncov_vaccine_landscape/|access-date=10 March 2021|publisher=Vaccine Centre, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine}}&lt;/ref&gt;

;Full (&lt;section begin=&quot;Zifivax_FN&quot;/&gt;0&lt;section end=&quot;Zifivax_FN&quot;/&gt;)

;Emergency (&lt;section begin=&quot;Zifivax_EN&quot;/&gt;5&lt;section end=&quot;Zifivax_EN&quot;/&gt;)
# China&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Liu|first=Roxanne|date=15 March 2021|title=China IMCAS's COVID-19 vaccine obtained emergency use approval in China|publisher=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/health-coronavirus-china-vaccine-idUSL4N2LD3BZ|access-date=15 March 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Colombia&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=de 2022 |first=26 de Enero |title=Invima recomienda el uso de emergencia de Zifivax, otra vacuna anticovid producida en China |url=https://www.infobae.com/america/colombia/2022/01/27/invima-recomienda-el-uso-de-emergencia-de-zifivax-otra-vacuna-anticovid-producida-en-china/ |access-date=2022-06-24 |website=infobae |language=es-ES}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Indonesia&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=7 October 2021|title=BPOM Setujui Penggunaan Dalam Kedaruratan Vaksin Zifivax|url=https://republika.co.id/berita/nasional/umum/r0ljxq436/bpom-setujui-penggunaan-dalam-kedaruratan-vaksin-zifivax|access-date=7 October 2021|work=Republika.co.id|language=id}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Pakistan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Pakistan gears up for China's &quot;ZF-2001 vaccine&quot;--China Economic Net|url=http://en.ce.cn/Insight/202111/08/t20211108_37068436.shtml|access-date=30 November 2021|website=en.ce.cn}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Uzbekistan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news | last1=Mamatkulov |first1=Mukhammadsharif |title=Uzbekistan approves Chinese-developed COVID-19 vaccine |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/uzbekistan-china-coronavirus-vaccine/uzbekistan-approves-chinese-developed-covid-19-vaccine-idUSS0N2IK00P |publisher=Reuters |access-date=2 March 2021 |date=1 March 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

;Travel-only
* Hong Kong&lt;ref name=&quot;HK&quot;/&gt;
* Malaysia&lt;ref name=&quot;MY&quot;/&gt;
* New Zealand&lt;ref name=&quot;auto9&quot;/&gt;
* Turkey&lt;ref name=&quot;visasturkey.com&quot;/&gt;
{{clear}}

== Soberana 02 ==
&lt;section begin=&quot;soberana2authmap&quot;/&gt;
{{infobox|image={{Graph:Map|scale=50|defaultValue=gainsboro
|CU=dodgerblue
|GY=turquoise
|HU=turquoise
|IR=dodgerblue
|MY=turquoise
|NI=dodgerblue|NZ=turquoise
|TR=turquoise
|VE=dodgerblue
}}
|caption=
{{leftlegend|blueviolet|Full authorization}}
{{leftlegend|dodgerblue|Emergency authorization}}
{{leftlegend|turquoise|Allowed for travel}}
}}
&lt;section end=&quot;soberana2authmap&quot;/&gt;
[[Soberana 02]], is a [[conjugate vaccine]] developed by the [[Finlay Institute]] in [[Cuba]].&lt;ref name=&quot;finlayIran&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Autorizo de emergencia SOBERANA 02 en Irán |url=https://www.finlay.edu.cu/blog/autorizo-de-emergencia-soberana-02-en-iran/ |website=finlay.edu.cu |publisher=Instituto Finlay de Vacunas |access-date=6 July 2021 |date=1 July 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

;Full (&lt;section begin=&quot;Soberana 02_FN&quot;/&gt;0&lt;section end=&quot;Soberana 02_FN&quot;/&gt;)

;Emergency (&lt;section begin=&quot;Soberana 02_EN&quot;/&gt;4&lt;section end=&quot;Soberana 02_EN&quot;/&gt;)
# Cuba&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Cuba grants emergency approval to second homegrown COVID-19 vaccine |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/scitech/science/800262/cuba-grants-emergency-approval-to-second-homegrown-covid-19-vaccine/story/ |publisher=GMA News |date=21 August 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Iran&lt;ref name=&quot;finlayIran&quot;/&gt;
# Nicaragua&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Nicaragua authorises two COVID-19 vaccines from Cuba, Cuban firm says|url=https://www.reuters.com/business/healthcare-pharmaceuticals/nicaragua-authorises-two-covid-19-vaccines-cuba-cuban-firm-says-2021-10-02/|publisher=Reuters |date =2 October 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Venezuela&lt;ref name=&quot;TrackVax&quot;/&gt;

;Travel-only
* Guyana&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:14&quot; /&gt;
* Hungary&lt;ref name=&quot;hungarytoday.hu&quot;&gt;{{cite web|date=16 December 2021|title=Iran and Hungary to Mutually Honour Immunity Certificates|url=https://hungarytoday.hu/hungary-iran-immunity-certificate-szijjarto/|access-date=19 December 2021|website=Hungary Today}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Malaysia&lt;ref name=&quot;MY&quot;/&gt;
* New Zealand&lt;ref name=&quot;auto9&quot; /&gt;
* Turkey&lt;ref name=&quot;visasturkey.com&quot;/&gt;

== CoviVac ==
&lt;section begin=&quot;covivacauthmap&quot; /&gt;
{{infobox
| image            = {{Graph:Map|scale=50|defaultValue=gainsboro
|BY=dodgerblue
|KH=dodgerblue
|MY=turquoise
|NZ=turquoise
|RU=dodgerblue
|TR=turquoise
}}
| caption          = {{leftlegend|blueviolet|Full authorization}}
{{leftlegend|dodgerblue|Emergency authorization}}
{{leftlegend|turquoise|Allowed for travel}}
}}
&lt;section end=&quot;covivacauthmap&quot; /&gt;
[[CoviVac (Russia COVID-19 vaccine)|CoviVac]] is an [[inactivated vaccine|inactivated virus vaccine]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ryumin&quot; /&gt; produced by the Chumakov Centre at the [[Russian Academy of Sciences]].&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||date=18 January 2021|title=Briefing with Deputy Prime Minister Tatyana Golikova, Health Minister Mikhail Murashko and Head of Rospotrebnadzor Anna Popova|url=http://government.ru/en/news/41342/|access-date=20 February 2021|publisher=Government of Russia}}&lt;/ref&gt;

;Full (&lt;section begin=&quot;CoviVac_FN&quot; /&gt;0&lt;section end=&quot;CoviVac_FN&quot; /&gt;)

;Emergency (&lt;section begin=&quot;CoviVac_EN&quot; /&gt;3&lt;section end=&quot;CoviVac_EN&quot; /&gt;)
# Belarus&lt;ref&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||date=16 December 2021|title=Минздрав выдал разрешение на ввоз и применение вакцины КовиВак|url=http://minzdrav.gov.by/ru/novoe-na-sayte/minzdrav-vydal-razreshenie-na-vvoz-i-primenenie-vaktsiny-kovivak/|publisher=Ministry of Health of the Republic of Belarus|language=RU}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Cambodia&lt;ref name=&quot;TrackVax&quot; /&gt;
# Russia&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |date=20 February 2021 |title=Russia approves its third COVID-19 vaccine, CoviVac |publisher=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-russia-vaccine/russia-approves-its-third-covid-19-vaccine-covivac-idUKKBN2AK07H}}&lt;/ref&gt;
; Travel-only
* Malaysia&lt;ref name=&quot;MY&quot; /&gt;
* New Zealand&lt;ref name=&quot;auto9&quot; /&gt;
* Turkey&lt;ref name=&quot;visasturkey.com&quot; /&gt;

== QazCovid-in ==
&lt;section begin=&quot;qazcovid-inauthmap&quot;/&gt;
{{infobox|image={{Graph:Map|scale=50|defaultValue=gainsboro
|KZ=dodgerblue
|KG=dodgerblue
|MY=turquoise
|NZ=turquoise
|TR=turquoise
}}
|caption=
{{leftlegend|blueviolet|Full authorization}}
{{leftlegend|dodgerblue|Emergency authorization}}
{{leftlegend|turquoise|Allowed for travel}}
}}
&lt;section end=&quot;qazcovid-inauthmap&quot;/&gt;
[[QazCovid-in]], also known as QazVac, is an [[inactivated vaccine|inactivated virus vaccine]] developed by the Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems in Kazakhstan.&lt;ref name=&quot;qazvac&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=A new vaccine on the scene: Kazakhstan begins rollout of homegrown QazVac |date=26 April 2021 |url=https://fortune.com/2021/04/26/new-covid-19-vaccine-kazakhstan-qazvac/ |website=Fortune}}&lt;/ref&gt;
;Full (&lt;section begin=&quot;QazCovid-in_FN&quot;/&gt;0&lt;section end=&quot;QazCovid-in_FN&quot;/&gt;)

;Emergency (&lt;section begin=&quot;QazCovid-in_EN&quot;/&gt;2&lt;section end=&quot;QazCovid-in_EN&quot;/&gt;)
# Kazakhstan&lt;ref name=&quot;qazvac&quot;/&gt;
# Kyrgyzstan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news | title=Vaccination against COVID-19: QazVac registered in Kyrgyzstan
 |url=https://24.kg/english/204508_Vaccination_against_COVID-19_QazVac_registered_in_Kyrgyzstan/ |publisher=24.kg |date=19 August 2021 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news | title=Kyrgyzstan to start using Kazakh-made QazVac after expert review|url=https://www.eureporter.co/world/kazakhstan/2021/08/19/kyrgyzstan-to-start-using-kazakh-made-qazvac-after-expert-review/ |publisher=Eureporter |date=19 August 2021 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=The Covid-19 Vaccine Qazvac Is Firstly Registrated Abroad |url=https://www.biosafety.kz/en/uncategorized/%d0%b2%d0%b0%d0%ba%d1%86%d0%b8%d0%bd%d0%b0-qazvac-%d0%bf%d1%80%d0%be%d1%82%d0%b8%d0%b2-covid-19-%d0%bf%d0%be%d0%bb%d1%83%d1%87%d0%b8%d0%bb%d0%b0-%d0%bf%d0%b5%d1%80%d0%b2%d1%83%d1%8e-%d1%80%d0%b5%d0%b3/ |publisher=Biosafety.kz |date=18 August 2021 |accessdate=6 October 2021 |archivedate=18 April 2022 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220418235422/https://www.biosafety.kz/en/uncategorized/%d0%b2%d0%b0%d0%ba%d1%86%d0%b8%d0%bd%d0%b0-qazvac-%d0%bf%d1%80%d0%be%d1%82%d0%b8%d0%b2-covid-19-%d0%bf%d0%be%d0%bb%d1%83%d1%87%d0%b8%d0%bb%d0%b0-%d0%bf%d0%b5%d1%80%d0%b2%d1%83%d1%8e-%d1%80%d0%b5%d0%b3/ }}&lt;/ref&gt;

;Travel-only
* Malaysia&lt;ref name=&quot;MY&quot;/&gt;
* New Zealand&lt;ref name=&quot;auto9&quot;/&gt;
* Turkey&lt;ref name=&quot;visasturkey.com&quot;/&gt;
{{-}}

== Minhai ==
&lt;section begin=&quot;Minhaiauthmap&quot;/&gt;
{{infobox|image={{Graph:Map|scale=50|defaultValue=gainsboro
|CN=dodgerblue
|ID=dodgerblue
|MY=turquoise
|NZ=turquoise
|TR=turquoise
}}
|caption=
{{leftlegend|blueviolet|Full authorization}}
{{leftlegend|dodgerblue|Emergency authorization}}
{{leftlegend|turquoise|Allowed for travel}}
}}
&lt;section end=&quot;Minhaiauthmap&quot;/&gt;[[Minhai COVID-19 vaccine]], is an [[inactivated vaccine|inactivated virus vaccine]] developed by Minhai Biotechnology Co. and [[Shenzhen Kangtai Biological Products]] Co. Ltd. in China.&lt;ref name=&quot;MinhaiEUA&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Reuters Staff|date=14 May 2021|title=Kangtai Biological's COVID-19 vaccine gets emergency use approval in China|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-vaccine-kangtai-idUSKBN2CV1F6|access-date=20 May 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
;Full (&lt;section begin=&quot;Minhai_FN&quot;/&gt;0&lt;section end=&quot;Minhai_FN&quot;/&gt;)

;Emergency (&lt;section begin=&quot;Minhai_EN&quot;/&gt;2&lt;section end=&quot;Minhai_EN&quot;/&gt;)
# China&lt;ref name=&quot;MinhaiEUA&quot;/&gt;
# Indonesia&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Co.,Ltd|first=Shenzhen Kangtai Biological Products|title=BioKangtai's adenovirus vector COVID-19 vaccine obtained EUA in Indonesia|url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/biokangtais-adenovirus-vector-covid-19-vaccine-obtained-eua-in-indonesia-301415162.html|access-date=30 November 2021|website=PR Newswire}}&lt;/ref&gt;

;Travel-only
* Hong Kong&lt;ref name=&quot;HK&quot;/&gt;
* Malaysia&lt;ref name=&quot;MY&quot;/&gt;
* New Zealand&lt;ref name=&quot;auto9&quot;/&gt;
* Turkey&lt;ref name=&quot;visasturkey.com&quot;/&gt;

== Medigen ==
&lt;section begin=&quot;medigenauthmap&quot; /&gt;
{{infobox
| image            = {{Graph:Map|scale=50|defaultValue=gainsboro
|BZ=turquoise
|ID=turquoise
|MY=turquoise
|NZ=turquoise
|PW=turquoise
|PY=dodgerblue
|SOMALILAND=dodgerblue
|TH=turquoise
|TR=turquoise
|TW=dodgerblue
}}
| caption          = {{leftlegend|blueviolet|Full authorization}}
{{leftlegend|dodgerblue|Emergency authorization}}
{{leftlegend|turquoise|Allowed for travel}}
}}

&lt;section end=&quot;medigenauthmap&quot; /&gt;
[[MVC COVID-19 vaccine|MVC-COV1901]], is a [[Protein subunit|protein subunit vaccine]] developed by [[Taiwan]]'s Medigen Vaccine Biologics and Dynavax Technologies.&lt;ref name=&quot;MVCTW&quot;&gt;{{cite web |date=19 July 2021 |title=Taiwan approves Medigen's COVID-19 vaccine candidate |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/taiwan-approves-production-medigens-covid-19-vaccine-candidate-2021-07-19/ |access-date=19 July 2021 |publisher=Reuters}}&lt;/ref&gt;
;Full (&lt;section begin=&quot;Medigen_FN&quot; /&gt;0&lt;section end=&quot;Medigen_FN&quot; /&gt;)

;Emergency (&lt;section begin=&quot;Medigen_EN&quot; /&gt;2&lt;section end=&quot;Medigen_EN&quot; /&gt;)
# Taiwan&lt;ref name=&quot;MVCTW&quot; /&gt;
# Paraguay&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |date=2022-02-14 |title=Paraguay aprueba vacuna taiwanesa Medigen para uso de emergencia |agency=Diario HOY |url=https://www.hoy.com.py/nacionales/paraguay-aprueba-vacuna-taiwanesa-medigen-para-uso-de-emergencia}}&lt;/ref&gt;

;Non-country entities
* Somaliland&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=28 December 2021 |title=Taiwan to donate domestic COVID-19 vaccines to Somaliland |url=https://focustaiwan.tw/politics/202112280007 |access-date=7 January 2022 |website=Focus Taiwan}}&lt;/ref&gt;

;Travel-only
* Belize&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=30 November 2021 |title=MOHW Approves Entry for Persons with the Taiwanese Medigen Jab |url=https://lovefm.com/mohw-approves-entry-for-persons-with-the-taiwanese-medigen-jab/ |access-date=8 January 2022 |website=Love FM News |accessdate=6 July 2022 |archivedate=7 January 2022 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220107161153/https://lovefm.com/mohw-approves-entry-for-persons-with-the-taiwanese-medigen-jab/ }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Indonesia&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=16 November 2021 |title=Negara yang mengakui vaksin Medigen menjadi 4 negara |url=https://news.pts.org.tw/article/554169 |access-date=8 January 2022 |website=PTS news}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Malaysia&lt;ref name=&quot;MY&quot; /&gt;
* New Zealand&lt;ref name=&quot;auto9&quot; /&gt;
* Palau&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=COVID-19 Pandemic Entry Requirements – PalauGov.pw |url=https://www.palaugov.pw/travel/ |access-date=24 December 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Thailand&lt;ref name=&quot;ThailandPass&quot; /&gt;
* Turkey&lt;ref name=&quot;visasturkey.com&quot; /&gt;

== Corbevax ==
[[Corbevax]] is a [[Protein subunit|protein]] [[subunit vaccine]] developed by Texas Children's Hospital at the [[Baylor College of Medicine]] in [[Houston, Texas]], and licensed to Indian biopharmaceutical firm [[Biological E. Limited]] (BioE) for development and production.&lt;ref name=&quot;vacxine2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Raghavan |first=Prabha |name-list-style=vanc |date=10 June 2021 |title=Explained: How is Biological E's Corbevax different? |website=The Indian Express |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/corbevax-vaccine-biological-e-india-7344928/ |access-date=29 December 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

;Full (&lt;section begin=&quot;Corbevax_FN&quot; /&gt;0&lt;section end=&quot;Corbevax_FN&quot; /&gt;)

;Emergency (&lt;section begin=&quot;Corbevax_EN&quot; /&gt;2&lt;section end=&quot;Corbevax_EN&quot; /&gt;)
# India&lt;ref name=&quot;vacxine2&quot; /&gt;
# Botswana&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2022-03-28 |title=Botswana Approves Corbevax Covid Vaccine, Plans Local Output |language=en |work=Bloomberg.com |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-03-28/botswana-approves-corbevax-covid-vaccine-plans-local-output |access-date=2022-06-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;

;Travel-only
* Malaysia&lt;ref name=&quot;MY&quot; /&gt;
* New Zealand&lt;ref name=&quot;auto9&quot; /&gt;
* Turkey&lt;ref name=&quot;visasturkey.com&quot; /&gt;

== COVIran Barekat ==
&lt;!-- &lt;section begin=&quot;coviranauthmap&quot;/&gt;
{{infobox|image={{Graph:Map|scale=50|defaultValue=gainsboro
|HU=turquoise
|IR=dodgerblue
|MY=turquoise
|NZ=turquoise
|TR=turquoise
}}
|caption=
{{leftlegend|blueviolet|Full authorization}}
{{leftlegend|dodgerblue|Emergency authorization}}
{{leftlegend|turquoise|Allowed for travel}}
}}
&lt;section end=&quot;coviranauthmap&quot;/&gt; --&gt;
[[COVIran Barekat]], is an [[inactivated vaccine|inactivated virus vaccine]] developed by Shifa Pharmed Industrial Co. in Iran.&lt;ref name=&quot;ShifaEUA&quot;&gt;{{#invoke:Cite web||date=14 June 2021|title=Iran issues license on its coronavirus vaccine|url=https://en.trend.az/iran/society/3439812.html|access-date=14 June 2021|website=Trend.Az}}&lt;/ref&gt;
;Full (&lt;section begin=&quot;COVIran Barakat_FN&quot;/&gt;0&lt;section end=&quot;COVIran Barakat_FN&quot;/&gt;)

;Emergency (&lt;section begin=&quot;COVIran Barekat_EN&quot;/&gt;1&lt;section end=&quot;COVIran Barekat_EN&quot;/&gt;)
# Iran&lt;ref name=&quot;ShifaEUA&quot;/&gt;

;Travel-only
* Malaysia&lt;ref name=&quot;MY&quot;/&gt;
* New Zealand&lt;ref name=&quot;auto9&quot;/&gt;
* Hungary&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceB&quot;&gt;{{cite web|date=16 December 2021|title=Iran and Hungary to Mutually Honour Immunity Certificates|url=https://hungarytoday.hu/hungary-iran-immunity-certificate-szijjarto/|access-date=18 December 2021|website=Hungary Today}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*Turkey&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=10 April 2019|title=Vaccinations for Turkey: Do I need an Approved COVID Vaccine?|url=https://www.visasturkey.com/vaccinations-for-turkey/|access-date=26 December 2021|website=Turkey Visa|accessdate=25 December 2021|archivedate=16 November 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211116191928/https://www.visasturkey.com/vaccinations-for-turkey/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences ==
&lt;!-- &lt;section begin=&quot;Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences authmap&quot;/&gt;
{{infobox|image={{Graph:Map|scale=50|defaultValue=gainsboro
|CN=dodgerblue
|HK=turquoise
|NZ=turquoise
}}
|caption=
{{leftlegend|blueviolet|Full authorization}}
{{leftlegend|dodgerblue|Emergency authorization}}
{{leftlegend|turquoise|Allowed for travel}}
}}
&lt;section end=&quot;Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences authmap&quot;/&gt; --&gt;
[[Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences COVID-19 vaccine]], is an [[inactivated vaccine|inactivated virus vaccine]] developed by [[Peking Union Medical College|Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences]].&lt;ref name=&quot;IMBCAMSEUA&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last1=Liu |first1=Roxanne |last2=Woo |first2=Ryan |title=China builds new plant for IMBCAMS COVID-19 vaccine -state media |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/china-builds-new-plant-imbcams-covid-19-vaccine-state-media-2021-06-09/ |access-date=15 June 2021 |work=Reuters |date=9 June 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
;Full (&lt;section begin=&quot;Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences_FN&quot;/&gt;0&lt;section end=&quot;Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences_FN&quot;/&gt;)

;Emergency (&lt;section begin=&quot;Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences_EN&quot;/&gt;1&lt;section end=&quot;Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences_EN&quot;/&gt;)
# China&lt;ref name=&quot;IMBCAMSEUA&quot;/&gt;

;Travel-only
* Hong Kong&lt;ref name=&quot;HK&quot;/&gt;
* New Zealand&lt;ref name=&quot;auto9&quot;/&gt;
* Turkey&lt;ref name=&quot;visasturkey.com&quot;/&gt;

*

== ZyCoV-D ==
[[ZyCoV-D]], is a [[DNA vaccine|DNA plasmid]] based [[COVID-19 vaccine]] developed by the Indian pharmaceutical company [[Cadila Healthcare]] with support from the [[Department of Biotechnology|Biotechnology Industry Research Assistance Council]].&lt;ref name=&quot;zycov-d&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=India gives emergency approval for world's first COVID-19 DNA vaccine |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/healthcare-pharmaceuticals/india-approves-zydus-cadilas-covid-19-vaccine-emergency-use-2021-08-20/ |work=Reuters |date=20 August 2021 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
;Full (&lt;section begin=&quot;ZyCoV-D_FN&quot;/&gt;0&lt;section end=&quot;ZyCoV-D_FN&quot;/&gt;)

;Emergency (&lt;section begin=&quot;ZyCoV-D_EN&quot;/&gt;1&lt;section end=&quot;ZyCoV-D_EN&quot;/&gt;)
# India&lt;ref name=&quot;zycov-d&quot;/&gt;

;Travel-only
* Malaysia&lt;ref name=&quot;MY&quot;/&gt;
* New Zealand&lt;ref name=&quot;auto9&quot;/&gt;
* Turkey&lt;ref name=&quot;visasturkey.com&quot;/&gt;

== FAKHRAVAC ==
&lt;!--&lt;section begin=&quot;fakhravacauthmap&quot;/&gt;
{{infobox|image={{Graph:Map|scale=50|defaultValue=gainsboro
|IR=dodgerblue
|NZ=turquoise
|HU=turquoise
}}
|caption=
{{leftlegend|blueviolet|Full authorization}}
{{leftlegend|dodgerblue|Emergency authorization}}
}}
&lt;section end=&quot;fakhravacauthmap&quot;/&gt; --&gt;
[[FAKHRAVAC]] (or MIVAC), is an [[inactivated vaccine|inactivated virus vaccine]] developed in Iran by the [[Organization of Defensive Innovation and Research]], an organization of [[Ministry of Defence and Armed Forces Logistics (Iran)|Iran's Ministry of Defense]].&lt;ref name=&quot;FakhraVacEUA&quot;&gt;{{cite web|date=9 September 2021|title=Iran Authorizes Emergency Use of Third Homegrown Vaccine - Defense news|url=https://www.tasnimnews.com/en/news/2021/09/09/2568712/iran-authorizes-emergency-use-of-third-homegrown-vaccine|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210909123956/https://www.tasnimnews.com/en/news/2021/09/09/2568712/iran-authorizes-emergency-use-of-third-homegrown-vaccine|archive-date=9 September 2021|access-date=9 September 2021|website=Tasnim News Agency}}&lt;/ref&gt;
;Full (&lt;section begin=&quot;FAKHRAVAC_FN&quot;/&gt;0&lt;section end=&quot;FAKHRAVAC_FN&quot;/&gt;)

;Emergency (&lt;section begin=&quot;FAKHRAVAC_EN&quot;/&gt;1&lt;section end=&quot;FAKHRAVAC_EN&quot;/&gt;)
# Iran&lt;ref name=&quot;FakhraVacEUA&quot;/&gt;

;Travel-only
* Hungary&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceB&quot;/&gt;
* Malaysia&lt;ref name=&quot;MY&quot;/&gt;
* New Zealand&lt;ref name=&quot;auto9&quot;/&gt;
* Turkey&lt;ref name=&quot;visasturkey.com&quot;/&gt;

== COVAX-19 ==
&lt;!-- &lt;section begin=&quot;COVAX19authmap&quot;/&gt;
{{infobox|image={{Graph:Map|scale=50|defaultValue=gainsboro
|IR=dodgerblue
|MY=turquoise
|NZ=turquoise
|HU=turquoise
}}
|caption=
{{leftlegend|blueviolet|Full authorization}}
{{leftlegend|dodgerblue|Emergency authorization}}
}}
&lt;section end=&quot;COVAX19authmap&quot;/&gt; --&gt;
[[COVAX-19]], also known as SpikoGen, is a [[subunit vaccine|protein subunit vaccine]] jointly developed by Australian-based company Vaxine and Iran-based company [[Cinnagen|CinnaGen]].&lt;ref name=&quot;COVAX19EUA&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Iran issues emergency permit for new local Covid-19 vaccine |url=https://en.mehrnews.com/news/179432/Iran-issues-emergency-permit-for-new-local-Covid-19-vaccine |access-date=12 October 2021 |publisher=[[Mehr News Agency]] |date= 6 October 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
;Full (&lt;section begin=&quot;COVAX-19_FN&quot;/&gt;0&lt;section end=&quot;COVAX-19_FN&quot;/&gt;)

;Emergency (&lt;section begin=&quot;COVAX-19_EN&quot;/&gt;1&lt;section end=&quot;COVAX-19_EN&quot;/&gt;)
# Iran&lt;ref name=&quot;COVAX19EUA&quot;/&gt;

;Travel-only
* Hungary&lt;ref name=&quot;hungarytoday.hu&quot;/&gt;
* Malaysia&lt;ref name=&quot;MY&quot;/&gt;
* New Zealand&lt;ref name=&quot;auto9&quot;/&gt;
* Turkey&lt;ref name=&quot;visasturkey.com&quot;/&gt;

== Razi Cov Pars ==
&lt;!-- &lt;section begin=&quot;RaziCovParsauthmap&quot;/&gt;
{{infobox|image={{Graph:Map|scale=50|defaultValue=gainsboro
|IR=dodgerblue
|NZ=turquoise
|HU=turquoise
|MY=turquoise
}}
|caption=
{{leftlegend|blueviolet|Full authorization}}
{{leftlegend|dodgerblue|Emergency authorization}}
}}
&lt;section end=&quot;RaziCovParsauthmap&quot;/&gt; --&gt;
[[Razi Cov Pars]] is a [[subunit vaccine|protein subunit vaccine]] developed by [[Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Razieua&quot;&gt;{{cite web|date=1 November 2021|title=Two homegrown vaccines receive emergency use license|url=https://www.tehrantimes.com/news/466570/Two-homegrown-vaccines-receive-emergency-use-license|access-date=27 November 2021|website=Tehran Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;
;Full (&lt;section begin=&quot;Razi Cov Pars_FN&quot;/&gt;0&lt;section end=&quot;Razi Cov Pars_FN&quot;/&gt;)

;Emergency (&lt;section begin=&quot;Razi Cov Pars_EN&quot;/&gt;1&lt;section end=&quot;Razi Cov Pars_EN&quot;/&gt;)
# Iran&lt;ref name=&quot;Razieua&quot;/&gt;

;Travel-only
* Hungary&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceB&quot;/&gt;
* Malaysia&lt;ref name=&quot;MY&quot;/&gt;
* New Zealand&lt;ref name=&quot;auto9&quot;/&gt;
* Turkey&lt;ref name=&quot;visasturkey.com&quot;/&gt;

== Turkovac ==
&lt;!--&lt;section begin=&quot;turkovacsauthmap&quot;/&gt;
{{infobox|image={{Graph:Map|scale=50|defaultValue=gainsboro
|TR=dodgerblue
|NZ=turquoise
|MY=turquoise
}}
|caption=
{{leftlegend|blueviolet|Full authorization}}
{{leftlegend|dodgerblue|Emergency authorization}}
}}
&lt;section end=&quot;turkovacauthmap&quot;/&gt;--&gt;
[[Turkovac]] is an [[inactivated vaccine]] developed by [[Ministry of Health (Turkey)|Health Institutes of Turkey]] and [[Erciyes University]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Turkoeua&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last1=Aliyev |first1=Jeyhun |last2=Nur Duz |first2=Zehra |title=Turkey's domestic COVID-19 vaccine Turkovac approved for emergency use |url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/latest-on-coronavirus-outbreak/turkeys-domestic-covid-19-vaccine-turkovac-approved-for-emergency-use/2454638 |access-date=26 December 2021 |agency=Anadolu Agency |date=22 December 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

;Full (&lt;section begin=&quot;TurkoVac_FN&quot;/&gt;0&lt;section end=&quot;TurkoVac_FN&quot;/&gt;)

;Emergency (&lt;section begin=&quot;TurkoVac_EN&quot;/&gt;1&lt;section end=&quot;TurkoVac_EN&quot;/&gt;)
# Turkey&lt;ref name=&quot;Turkoeua&quot;/&gt;

;Travel-only
* Malaysia&lt;ref name=&quot;MY&quot;/&gt;
* New Zealand&lt;ref name=&quot;auto9&quot;/&gt;

== Sinopharm CNBG ==
[[Sinopharm CNBG COVID-19 vaccine]] is a [[Recombinant vaccine|recombinant]] [[Protein subunit|protein]] [[subunit vaccine]] developed by China National Biotec Group (CNBG), a subsidiary of [[Sinopharm (company)|Sinopharm]].&lt;ref name=&quot;CNBG&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|date=27 December 2021|title=Emergency use of Sinopharm's new CNBG protein vaccine approved in UAE|work=[[Gulf News]]|url=https://gulfnews.com/uae/emergency-use-of-sinopharms-new-cnbg-protein-vaccine-approved-in-uae-1.84628476|access-date=27 December 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

;Full (&lt;section begin=&quot;CNBG_FN&quot;/&gt;0&lt;section end=&quot;CNBG_FN&quot;/&gt;)

;Emergency (&lt;section begin=&quot;CNBG_EN&quot;/&gt;1&lt;section end=&quot;CNBG_EN&quot;/&gt;)
# United Arab Emirates&lt;ref name=&quot;CNBG&quot; /&gt;

;Travel-only
* Malaysia&lt;ref name=&quot;MY&quot;/&gt;
* Turkey&lt;ref name=&quot;visasturkey.com&quot;/&gt;

== Soberana Plus ==
[[Soberana Plus]] is a single-dose of [[conjugate vaccine]] developed by the [[Finlay Institute]] in [[Cuba]].&lt;ref name=&quot;CubBoost&quot;&gt;{{cite news | vauthors = Dönmez BB |title=Cuba grants emergency use to 2 virus vaccines |url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/latest-on-coronavirus-outbreak/cuba-grants-emergency-use-to-2-virus-vaccines/2341850 |access-date=23 September 2021 |agency=Anadolu Agency |date=21 August 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

;Full (&lt;section begin=&quot;Soberana Plus_FN&quot;/&gt;0&lt;section end=&quot;Soberana Plus_FN&quot;/&gt;)

;Emergency (&lt;section begin=&quot;Soberana Plus_EN&quot;/&gt;1&lt;section end=&quot;Soberana Plus_EN&quot;/&gt;)
# Cuba&lt;ref name=&quot;CubBoost&quot;/&gt;

;Travel-only
* Guyana&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:14&quot; /&gt;
* Malaysia&lt;ref name=&quot;MY&quot;/&gt;
* New Zealand&lt;ref name=&quot;auto9&quot;/&gt;
* Turkey&lt;ref name=&quot;visasturkey.com&quot;/&gt;

== CoVLP ==
[[CoVLP]] is a [[Virus-like particle|Virus-Like Particle]] vaccine grown in an Australian weed, [[Nicotiana benthamiana]]. It is marketed under the name [https://medicago.com/en/press-release/covifenz/ Covifenz] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224161443/https://medicago.com/en/press-release/covifenz/ |date=2022-02-24 }}.

;Full (&lt;section begin=&quot;CoVLP_FN&quot; /&gt;1&lt;section end=&quot;CoVLP_FN&quot; /&gt;)
# Canada

;Emergency (&lt;section begin=&quot;CoVLP_EN&quot; /&gt;0&lt;section end=&quot;CoVLP_EN&quot; /&gt;)

;Travel-only
* Malaysia&lt;ref name=&quot;MY&quot;/&gt;
* New Zealand&lt;ref name=&quot;auto9&quot;/&gt;
* Turkey&lt;ref name=&quot;visasturkey.com&quot;/&gt;

== Noora ==
[[Noora (vaccine)|Noora]] is a protein-based vaccine developed by the [[Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences]].

;Full (&lt;section begin=&quot;Noora_FN&quot; /&gt;0&lt;section end=&quot;Noora_FN&quot; /&gt;)

;Emergency (&lt;section begin=&quot;Noora_EN&quot; /&gt;1&lt;section end=&quot;Noora_EN&quot; /&gt;)
# Iran&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=1 March 2022 |title=&quot;Noora&quot; vaccine receives emergency use license |work=[[Tehran Times]] |url=https://www.tehrantimes.com/news/470601/Noora-vaccine-receives-emergency-use-license |access-date=2 March 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

;Travel-only
* Malaysia&lt;ref name=&quot;MY&quot;/&gt;
* Turkey&lt;ref name=&quot;visasturkey.com&quot;/&gt;

== SKYCovione ==

[[SKYCovione]] is a protein subunit vaccine developed by [[SK Group|SK Bioscience]].

;Full (&lt;section begin=&quot;SKYCovione_FN&quot; /&gt;0&lt;section end=&quot;SKYCovione_FN&quot; /&gt;)

;Emergency (&lt;section begin=&quot;SKYCovione_EN&quot; /&gt;1&lt;section end=&quot;SKYCovione_EN&quot; /&gt;)
# South Korea&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Kim |first=Tong-Hyung |date=29 June 2022 |title=South Korea approves first homemade COVID-19 vaccine |work=[[Associated Press]] |url=https://apnews.com/article/covid-health-pandemics-public-db128bb38e561e45f477035b0e0f7524 |access-date=29 June 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Тэмдэглэл ==
{{reflist|group=lower-alpha}}

== Зүүлтэ ==
{{reflist}}

{{COVID-19 pandemic}}
{{Vaccines}}

[[Категори:COVID-19-дэ эсэргүү вакцина| ]]
[[Категори:Медицинскэ шэнжэлэлгэ]]</text>
      <sha1>q8mb25u42nsmtdjuy55gbgvqob32hfw</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Израилиин шэнэ шекель</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>12884</id>
    <revision>
      <id>74539</id>
      <parentid>74509</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-03T06:21:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>12366</id>
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      <comment>Rescuing 6 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
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      <text bytes="48646" sha1="47k6ixjsjssoyc3ski01ubkwortx7zi" xml:space="preserve">{{Инфобокс мүнгэн тэмдэгтэ
| currency_name_in_local = {{Script/Hebrew|שקל חדש}} ([[Иврит]])&lt;/br&gt;{{script/Arabic|شيكل جديد}} ([[Араб хэлэн|Араб]])
| image_1 = File:השטרות החדשים של ישראל.jpg
| image_title_1 = Шэнэ шекелиин банкнотууд (C сери)
| iso_code = ILS
| iso_number = 376
| subunit_name_1 = [[Израилиин агора|агора]]
| plural = {{plainlist|
*шекелиүд
*шекалим}}
| symbol = [[Шекелиин тэмдэг|₪]]
| frequently_used_banknotes = [[20 шэнэ шекелиин банкнот|₪20]], [[50 шэнэ шекелиин банкнот|₪50]], [[100 шэнэ шекелиин банкнот|₪100]], [[200 шэнэ шекелиин банкнот|₪200]]
| rarely_used_banknotes = [[5 шэнэ шекелиин банкнот|₪5]], [[10 шэнэ шекелиин банкнот|₪10]]
| frequently_used_coins = [[Израилиин арбан-агоротой зоос|10 агорот]], [[Израилиин хахад-шекелиин зоос|1/2 шекель]], [[Израилиин нэгэ-шекелиин зоос|₪1]], [[Израилиин хоёр-шекелиин зоос|₪2]],&lt;/br&gt; [[Израилиин табан-шекелиин зоос|₪5]], [[Израилиин арбан-шекелиин зоос|₪10]]
| rarely_used_coins = [[Израилиин нэгэ-агорагай зоос|1 агора]], [[Израилиин табан-агоротой зоос|5 агорот]]
| subunit_ratio_1 = {{Frac|100}}
| plural_subunit_1 = {{plainlist|
*агорот}}
| using_countries = {{flag|Израиль}}&lt;br /&gt;{{flag|Палестинын Захиргаа}}''&lt;ref&gt;According to Article 4 of the 1994 Paris Protocol [http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Peace+Process/Guide+to+the+Peace+Process/Gaza-Jericho+Agreement+Annex+IV+-+Economic+Protoco.htm The Protocol allows the Palestinian Authority to adopt additional currencies]. In the [[West Bank]] the [[Jordanian dinar]] is widely accepted and in the [[Gaza Strip]] the [[Egyptian pound]] is often used.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;''
| issuing_authority = [[Израилиин Банк]]
| issuing_authority_website = {{URL|boi.org.il/}}
| printer = [[Orell Füssli]]&lt;ref name=&quot;fussli1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.20min.ch/finance/news/story/Israel-laesst-in-Zuerich-Geld-drucken-25053913|title=Israel lässt in Zürich Geld drucken|first=www 20minuten ch, 20 Minuten, 20 Min|last=www.20min.ch|website=20 Minuten|date=27 April 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| mint = [[Солонгосой Хэбтэ сохилго ба Аюулгүй Хэблэлэй Корпораци|KOMSCO]]&lt;ref name=&quot;komsco1&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.voanews.com/east-asia/s-korea-makes-money-making-money|title=S. Korea Makes Money by Making Money|date=2012-07-17|website=Voice of America News|access-date=2020-03-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| inflation_rate ={{decreasepositive}}-0.59% (2020) &lt;br&gt;{{increasenegative}}0.35% (2021 est.)
| inflation_source_date = [[Израилиин Банк]], [[Statista]], &lt;/br&gt;2021 оной 4 һара}}

'''Израилиин шэнэ шекель''' ({{lang-he|שֶׁקֶל חָדָשׁ}} ''{{transl|he|{{Audio|Shekel Hadash.ogg|sheqel ẖadash|help=no}}}}''; {{lang-ar|شيكل جديد}} {{transl|ar|DIN|šēkal jadīd}}; [[Валютын тэмдэг|тэмдэг]]: '''[[Шекелиин тэмдэг|₪]]'''; [[ISO 4217|код]]: '''ILS'''), хилбараар '''Израилиин шекель''' ({{lang-he|שקל ישראלי}}, {{lang-ar|شيكل إسرائيلي}}), болбол [[Израиль|Израилиин]] [[мүнгэн тэмдэгтэ]] ба Палестинын газар нютагдахи [[Баруун эрье]], [[Газын хэлтэһэн|Газын хэлтэһэндэ]] хуули ёһоной түлбэриин хэрэгсэл болгон ашаглагдадаг. Шэнэ шекель 100 [[Израилиин агора|агоротдо]] хубаагдадаг. Шэнэ шекелиие 1986 оной 1 һарын 1-һээ эхилэн 1000:1 харилсаанаар [[Гиперинфляци|гиперинфляцитай]] [[Хуушан Израилиин шекель|хуушан шекелиие]] орложо ашаглагдажа эхилһэн.

Шэнэ шекелиин [[Валютын тэмдэг|валютын тэмдэгиинь]] ⟨ '''[[Шекелиин тэмдэг|₪]]''' ⟩ ''шекель'' ({{Script/Hebrew|[[ש]]}}) ба ''хадаш'' ({{Script/Hebrew|[[ח]]}}) (шэнэ) гэһэн үгэнүүдэй эхинэй [[Еврей бэшэг|Еврей үзэгнүүдэй]] тааралдал юм. Энэнь үмэниинь '''шэнэ Израилиин шекель''' гэжэ нэрлэгдэдэг байһан ба '''''NIS''''' ('''ש&quot;ח'''‎ ба '''ش.ج'''‎) гэһэн албан ёһоной буһа хуряамжалагдаһан үгые дотоододоо үүные нэрлэхэ зорилгоор ашагладаг хэбээр байгаа ба [[Израилиин Банк|Израилиин Банкын]] вебсайт дээри гарадаг. Гэбэшье '''Израилиин шэнэ шекелиин''' уласхоорондын ''албан ёһоной'' валютын кодиинь [[ISO 4217]] стандартын дагуу [[Уласхоорондын Стандартизациин Байгуулга|Уласхоорондын Стандартизациин Байгуулгаһаа]] тогтооһониинь '''ILS''' юм.

== Түүхэ ==
&quot;[[Шекель]]&quot; (שֶׁקֶל‎) нэрэнь адли нэрэтэй эртэнэй Библиин мүнгэн тэмдэгтэһээ гаралтай. Авраамые Хеврон дахи [[Патриархуудай Агы|Патриархуудай Агыда]] зорюулжа Хиттитын Ефрондо &quot;дүрбэн зуун мүнгэн шекель&quot; түлэһэн гэжэ Библиин эртын эшэдэ дурдаһан байдаг.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0123.htm Genesis 23:25] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126205702/http://www.mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0123.htm |date=2021-01-26 }}.&lt;/ref&gt; Шекель болбол эртэнэй Израилиин шэгнүүри гү, али мүнгэн тэмдэгтиин хэдэ хэдэн единицын нэгэ ба еврей гаралтай ש-ק-ל (š-q-l) нь 'татаха' гэһэн удхатай (שָׁקַל šaqal 'шэгнэхэ', שֶׁקֶל šeqel 'нэгэ янзын шэгнүүри'), бусад Семит хэлэнүүдэй адлирхуу байдагиинь Аккади (тусх. šaqālu ба šiqlu)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.assyrianlanguages.org/akkadian/dosearch.php?searchkey=469&amp;language=id|title=Search Entry}}&lt;/ref&gt; ба Арамей (тусх. תְּקַל teqal ба תִּקְלָא tiqla).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.sefaria.org.il/Jastrow%2C_%D7%AA%D6%B4%D6%BC%D7%A7%D6%B0%D7%9C%D6%B8%D7%90?lang=he|title=Jastrow, תִּקְלָא}}&lt;/ref&gt; Анха энэнь ешмээнэй шэгнүүритэй холбоотой байһан байжа магадгүй юм. [[Эртэ сагай Израилиин ба Иудеягай Түүхэ|Эртэнэй Израильда]] шекелиинь 180 оршон орооһон (11 [[грамм]] гү, али. 35 тройн унци) байһан гэдэг.

Мүнөөнэй [[Израиль|Израиль улас]] байгуулагдаһанһаа хойшо 1948 оной 5 һарын 14-эй үдэрһээ 1952 он хүрэтэр [[Англи-Палестинын Банк|Англи-Палестинын Банкһаа]] [[Фунт стерлинг|Британиин фунт стерлингтэй]] уягдаһан [[Палестинын фунт]] хэлбэрээр банкнотууд гаргагдажа байһан.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{citation|publisher=Bank of Israel|place=IL|title=One Palestine Pound|url=http://www.bankisrael.gov.il/catal/eng/bill_all_eng.htm?series_num=1&amp;series_name=Anglo%20Palestine%20Bank%20Series&amp;pg_name=p002&amp;pg_kot=ONE%20PALESTINE%20POUND|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060427085208/http://www.bankisrael.gov.il/catal/eng/bill_all_eng.htm?series_num=1&amp;series_name=Anglo%20Palestine%20Bank%20Series&amp;pg_name=p002&amp;pg_kot=ONE%20PALESTINE%20POUND|archive-date=27 April 2006|df=dmy}} {{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.bankisrael.gov.il/catal/eng/bill_all_eng.htm?series_num=1&amp;series_name=Anglo%20Palestine%20Bank%20Series&amp;pg_name=p002&amp;pg_kot=ONE%20PALESTINE%20POUND |accessdate=4 August 2021 |archivedate=27 April 2006 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060427085208/http://www.bankisrael.gov.il/catal/eng/bill_all_eng.htm?series_num=1&amp;series_name=Anglo%20Palestine%20Bank%20Series&amp;pg_name=p002&amp;pg_kot=ONE%20PALESTINE%20POUND }}&lt;/ref&gt; 1952 ондо Англи-Палестинын Банк нэрээ [[Леуми Банк|Банк Леуми Ле-Исраэль]] (Израилиин Үндэһэнэй Банк) болгон хубилгажа, валютын нэрэнь [[Израилиин фунт]] болоһон.&lt;ref&gt;{{citation|publisher=Bank of Israel|place=IL|title=One Israeli Pound|url=http://www.bankisrael.gov.il/catal/eng/bill_all_eng.htm?series_num=2&amp;series_name=Bank%20Leumi%20Le-Israel%20Series&amp;pg_name=p007&amp;pg_kot=ONE%20ISRAELI%20POUND|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927000546/http://www.bankisrael.gov.il/catal/eng/bill_all_eng.htm?series_num=2&amp;series_name=Bank%20Leumi%20Le-Israel%20Series&amp;pg_name=p007&amp;pg_kot=ONE%20ISRAELI%20POUND|url-status=dead|archive-date=27 September 2007}} {{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.bankisrael.gov.il/catal/eng/bill_all_eng.htm?series_num=2&amp;series_name=Bank%20Leumi%20Le-Israel%20Series&amp;pg_name=p007&amp;pg_kot=ONE%20ISRAELI%20POUND |accessdate=4 August 2021 |archivedate=27 September 2007 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927000546/http://www.bankisrael.gov.il/catal/eng/bill_all_eng.htm?series_num=2&amp;series_name=Bank%20Leumi%20Le-Israel%20Series&amp;pg_name=p007&amp;pg_kot=ONE%20ISRAELI%20POUND }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Израилиин фунт (1952–1980) ===
{{Main|Израилиин фунт}}
Израилиин фунт (לירה ישראלית‎, &quot;лира исраэлит&quot;) нь 1952 оной 6 һараһаа 1980 оной 2 һарын 23 хүрэтэр [[Израиль|Израилиин]] мүнгэн тэмдэгтэ байһан ба 1980 оной 2 һарын 24-дэ [[Хуушан Израилиин шекель|шекелиэр]] һолигдоһон. 1955 онһоо эхилэн [[Израилиин Банк]] байгуулагдажа, [[Банкното|мүнгэн тэмдэгтэ]] гаргаха уялгые абаһанай дараа зүбхэн &quot;I£&quot; тэмдэгэй хамта зүбхэн еврей нэрые ашаглажа байһан.&lt;ref&gt;{{citation|publisher=Bank Le-Israel|place=IL|title=First Series of the Pound|url=http://www.bankisrael.gov.il/catal/eng/bill_all_eng.htm?series_num=4&amp;series_name=First%20Series%20of%20the%20Pound&amp;pg_name=p012&amp;pg_kot=ONE%20ISRAELI%20POUND|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927002117/http://www.bankisrael.gov.il/catal/eng/bill_all_eng.htm?series_num=4&amp;series_name=First%20Series%20of%20the%20Pound&amp;pg_name=p012&amp;pg_kot=ONE%20ISRAELI%20POUND|url-status=dead|archive-date=27 September 2007}} {{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.bankisrael.gov.il/catal/eng/bill_all_eng.htm?series_num=4&amp;series_name=First%20Series%20of%20the%20Pound&amp;pg_name=p012&amp;pg_kot=ONE%20ISRAELI%20POUND |accessdate=5 August 2021 |archivedate=27 September 2007 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927002117/http://www.bankisrael.gov.il/catal/eng/bill_all_eng.htm?series_num=4&amp;series_name=First%20Series%20of%20the%20Pound&amp;pg_name=p012&amp;pg_kot=ONE%20ISRAELI%20POUND }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Фунт стерлинг|Британиин фунт стерлингтэй]] уялгые 1954 оной 1 һарын 1-дэ болюулжа, 1960 ондо Израилиин фунтын бутархай единицые 1000 [[Израилиин прута|прутотһоо]] 100 [[Израилиин агора|агорот]] болгон хубилгаһан.

1960-д оной үедэ Израилиин мүнгэн тэмдэгтын еврей бэшэ нэрын талаар үгэ буляалдаанай үрэ дүндэ Һангай министрдэ фунт гэдэг нэрые Еврей нэрээр, [[шекель]] (שקל), хубилгахые захирһан хуули гараһан. Хуулинь министрдэ хубилалга оруулха он һара үдэрые тодорхойлхо боломжые олгоһон. Хуулинь 1980 оной 2 һарада Израилиин засагай газар мүнгэнэй системые хубилгажа, 1 шекель = I£10 курсээр шекелиие нэбтэрүүлһэнһээ хойшо хүсэндэ ороһон юм.

=== Шекель (1980–1985) ===
{{Main|Хуушан Израилиин шекель}}
Шекель гү, али хуушан шекелиинь 1980 оной 2 һарын 24-һээ 1985 оной 12 һарын 31-эй хоорондо Израиль уласай мүнгэн тэмдэгтэ байба. Энэ болон энэнэй урдахи Израилиин фунт 1960-д ба 1970-д оной үедэ гадаада валютын [[Девальваци|девальвациие]] байнга хабаадуулагдажа байһан. Энэ тенденцинь 1980-д оной эхээр хуушан шекелиин [[Гиперинфляци|гиперинфляциар]] түгэсэһэн юм. [[1985 оной Израилиин Эдэй засагай Тохонижуулга План|1985 оной Эдэй засагай Тохонижуулга Планай]] үрэ дүндэ инфляциие тогтооһоной дараа 1986 оной 1 һарын 1-дэ хуушан шекелиие [[Деноминаци (эдэй засаг)|орлуулан]] шэнэ шекелиие нэбтэрүүлжэ IS 1,000-ые ₪1 сэнтэй һолиһон.

=== Шэнэ шекель (1985–мүнөө үе) ===
1980-д оной [[хёморол|эдэй засагай хёморол]], удаахи 1985 ондо шэнэ шекелиие нэбтэрүүлһэнһээ хойшо [[Израилиин Банк]] болон [[Израилиин Засагай газар]] үлүү болгоомжотой, консерватив түсэб, мүнгэ-кредитэй политикые ябуулжа, заха зээлидэ һуурилһан эдэй засагай янза бүриин реформые аажамаар бэелүүлжэ эхилһэн. Тэрээнһээ гадна сүлөөтэ худалдаанай хэлсээндэ баталалһанаар Израилиин эдэй засаг тэмсэлдэхэ шадабаритай боложо, ажа үйлэдбэри ба научна базада ехэ хэмжээнэй зөөри оруулалга хииһэнээр туһа улас дэлхэйн [[мэдэлгын эдэй засаг]] үргэлгэтэй холбоотой боломжоо ашаглажа, уламаар экспорт нэмэгдэжэ, продукт ба хангалтада шэнэ заха зээли нээгдэһэн. Эдэгээр нүхэсэлүүдэй үрэ дүндэ инфляци нилээд бага байһан ба мүнөө үедэ уласиинь [[Түлбэриин баланс|түлбэриин положительна балансые]] дэмжэжэ байгаа ба 2010 ондо ДНБ-ээ 3 оршон хубитай эквивалентнэ урдадаг счётой ашагтай гараһан юм. Тиимэһээ валютань евро, швейцари франкын тусхай ургалтаһаа багашье гэһэн шангарша 2001-2011 онуудта АНУ-ай доллартай зэргэсүүлхэдэ шэнээнэй 20%-иар дээшэлһэниинь урдахи арбан жэлдэ һуларһантай сасуулхада эсэргүү байба. 

2003 оной 1 һарын 1-һээ эхилэн шэнэ шекелиинь сүлөөтэ [[конверсидэ ородог валюта]] болоһон юм. 2006 оной 5 һарын 7-ой үдэрһээ эхилэн шекелиин [[Гараһан мүнгэнэй зэбсэг|гараһан мүнгэнэй зэбсэгэй]] шэнэ аралжааные [[Чикакогой Худалдаанай Биржэ|Чикакогой Худалдаанай Биржэдэ]] хиихэ боломжотой болоһон.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite press release|publisher=Chicago Mercantile Exchange|date=6 April 2006|url=http://www.cme.com/about/press/cn/06-45shekel18024.html|title=CME to Launch Foreign Exchange Contract on Israeli Shekel}}&lt;/ref&gt; Энэнь шэнэ шекелиие [[Валютын аралжаанай заха зээли|гадаада валютын заха зээлидэ]] [[Фьючерс|фьючерсын гэрээ]] байгуулха боломжотой дэлхэйн хорин тухай валютын нэгэ болгожо байна. Энэнь мүн дэлхэйн олон орондо хэрэглэгшэд андалдаха боломжотой валюта юм.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/954033.html|title=Israelis can soon travel the world with shekels in their pockets|publisher=[[Haaretz]]|website=haaretz.com|access-date=15 March 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?pagename=JPost/JPArticle/ShowFull&amp;cid=1211434107513|title=shekel begins trading on global markets|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110813133456/http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?pagename=JPost%2FJPArticle%2FShowFull&amp;cid=1211434107513|archive-date=13 August 2011|publisher=[[Jerusalem Post]]|website=jpost.com|access-date=15 March 2018|accessdate=6 August 2021|archivedate=13 August 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110813133456/http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?pagename=JPost%2FJPArticle%2FShowFull&amp;cid=1211434107513}}&lt;/ref&gt; 2008 оной 5 һарын 26-да Олон уласай [[CLS (түлбэриин системэ)|CLS Банкиинь]] түлбэри тоосооные шэнэ шекелиие гүйсэдхэжэ, валютые бүрэн [[конверсидэ ородог валюта]] болгоһон юм.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author=CLS Press Release|date=26 May 2008|url=http://www.cls-group.com/news/article.cfm?objectid=127EC3A9-F263-C9E9-19BE3E0623DCF229&amp;origin=26E70E8A-14C7-4247-BC9E9B0B321D4D68|title=CLS Bank live with Israeli shekel and Mexican Peso|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080530170857/http://www.cls-group.com/news/article.cfm?objectid=127EC3A9-F263-C9E9-19BE3E0623DCF229&amp;origin=26E70E8A-14C7-4247-BC9E9B0B321D4D68|archive-date=30 May 2008|df=dmy-all|accessdate=6 August 2021|archivedate=30 May 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080530170857/http://www.cls-group.com/news/article.cfm?objectid=127EC3A9-F263-C9E9-19BE3E0623DCF229&amp;origin=26E70E8A-14C7-4247-BC9E9B0B321D4D68}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Зоос ==
1985 ондо [[Израилиин нэгэ-агорагай зоос|1 агора]], [[Израилиин табан-агоротой зоос|5 агорот]], [[Израилиин арбан-агоротой зоос|10 агорот]], [[Израилиин хахад-шекелиин зоос|₪1/2]], [[Израилиин нэгэ-шекелиин зоос|₪1]] гэһэн сэнтэй зооснууд нэбтэрүүлһэн.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.bankisrael.gov.il/catal/eng/cat_all_eng.htm?series_num=25&amp;series_name=Agora%20and%20New%20Shekel%20Series|title=About the Agora and New Shekel Series|access-date=26 December 2007|work=Banknotes and Coins Catalog|publisher=[[Bank of Israel]]}}{{Dead link|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; 1990 ондо [[Израилиин табан-шекелиин зоос|₪5]] зооснууд,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.bankisrael.gov.il/catal/eng/bill_all_eng.htm?series_num=25&amp;series_name=Agora%20and%20New%20Shekel%20Series&amp;pg_name=c040&amp;pg_kot=5%20NEW%20SHEQALIM|title=5 NEW SHEQALIM|access-date=26 December 2007|work=Banknotes and Coins Catalog|publisher=The Bank of Israel}}{{Dead link|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; 1995 ондо [[Израилиин арбан-шекелиин зоос|₪10]] зоос эрьелтэдэ ороһон.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.bankisrael.gov.il/catal/eng/bill_all_eng.htm?series_num=25&amp;series_name=Agora%20and%20New%20Shekel%20Series&amp;pg_name=c041&amp;pg_kot=10%20NEW%20SHEQALIM|title=10 NEW SHEQALIM|access-date=26 December 2007|work=Banknotes and Coins Catalog|publisher=The Bank of Israel}}{{Dead link|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Израилиин нэгэ-агорагай зоос|1 агорагай]] үйлэдбэрилгэ 1990 ондо зогсожо, 1991 оной 4 һарын 1-дэ эрьелтэһээ хуряагдаһан. [[Израилиин хоёр-шекелиин зоос|2 шекелиин]] зоос 2007 оной 12 һарын 9-дэ эрьелтэдэ ороһон.&lt;ref name=&quot;2sheqalim&quot;&gt;{{cite press release|url=http://www.bankisrael.gov.il/press/eng/070708/070708e.htm|title=The new NIS 2 coin|access-date=26 December 2007|date=8 July 2007|publisher=The Bank of Israel}}&lt;/ref&gt; Хамагай һүүлдэ 2007 ондо сохигдоһон [[Израилиин табан-агоротой зоос|5 агоротой]] зоосые 2008 оной 1 һарын 1-дэ эрьелтэһээ хуряагдаһан.&lt;ref name=&quot;5agorot&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.boi.org.il/he/Currency/PublicEnquiries/Pages/CancellationOf5Cents.aspx|title=Cancellation of the 5 agora coin.|language=he|access-date=4 September 2016|date=1 January 2008|publisher=The Bank of Israel|accessdate=6 August 2021|archivedate=6 May 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160506055943/http://boi.org.il/he/Currency/PublicEnquiries/Pages/CancellationOf5Cents.aspx}}&lt;/ref&gt;

2011 оной 4 һарада металл бага ашагладаг, тиимэһээ үнэ сэн багатай шэнэ зооснууд сохигдохо болоно гэжэ мэдэгдэһэн. Хуурмаг зоос хиихэнь баһа хэсүү байха болоно.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.calcalist.co.il/local/articles/0,7340,L-3515589,00.html Tomer Avital's report] in [[Calcalist]], 21 April 2011 (Hebrew)&lt;/ref&gt; Израилиин Банк түсэблэгдэжэ буй зоосоной серидэ &quot;шэнэ&quot; гэһэн үгые хаһаха талаар хэлэлсэгдэжэ байна. Батажалгабал энэнь 1985 оной 9 һарада шэнэ шекелиин зоосые худалдаанда гараһанһаа хойшо бүхы зоосые анха һолиһон тохёолдол болохо юм.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.ynet.co.il/articles/0,7340,L-4059359,00.html Gad Lior's report] in [[Ynet]], 21 April 2011&lt;/ref&gt; Зоосые [[Солонгосой Хэбтэ сохилго ба Аюулгүй Хэблэлэй Корпораци]] (KOMSCO) сохидог.&lt;ref name=&quot;komsco1&quot; /&gt;

{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 90%&quot;
|+ Шэнэ шекелиин зоосой сери
|-
!rowspan=2| Зураг !! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Үнэ сэн !! colspan=&quot;4&quot; | Техническэ тодорхойлолго !! colspan=&quot;3&quot; | Бэшэжэ харуулга !! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Һара үдэр
|-
! Диаметр !! Зузаан !! Масса !! Бүридэл !! Эрмэг !! Урда !! Арын !! гаргалга !! абалга
|-{{Coin-yellow-color}} 
| style=&quot;background:white;text-align:center&quot; | [[file:Israel 1 Agora 1985 Obverse &amp; Reverse.jpg|250px]]
| {{nowrap|1 агора}}
| 17&amp;nbsp;мм
| 1.2&amp;nbsp;мм
| 2 гр
|rowspan=4| [[Адюминиин бронзо]]&lt;br /&gt;92% [[зэд]]&lt;br /&gt;6% [[хүнгэн сагаан]]&lt;br /&gt;2% [[никель]]
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | Хилбар
| Эртэнэй [[галера]], [[Израиль уласай һүлдэ|гүрэнэй һүлдэ]], &quot;Израиль&quot; [[Иврит]], [[Араб хэлэн|Араб]] ба [[Англи хэлэн|Англи хэлээр]]
|rowspan=3| Үнэ сэн, һара үдэр
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | 1985 оной
9 һарын 4
| 1991 он
4 һарын 1
|-{{Coin-yellow-color}}
| style=&quot;background:white;text-align:center&quot; | [[file:Israel 5 Agorot 1985 Edge, Obverse &amp; Reverse.jpg|250px]]
| 5 агорот&lt;!--sic--&gt;
| 19.5&amp;nbsp;мм
| 1.3&amp;nbsp;мм
| 3 гр
| [[Нэгэдүгээр Еврей–Ромын Дайн|Еврейшүүдэй Ромын эсэргүү дайнай]] дүрбэдэхи жэлэй зоосой репликэ, хоёр [[Этрог|этрогимэй]] хоорондохи [[Лулав|лулавай]] дүрсэ, [[Израиль уласай һүлдэ|гүрэнэй һүлдэ]], &quot;Израиль&quot; [[Иврит]], [[Араб хэлэн|Араб]] ба [[Англи хэлэн|Англи хэлээр]]
| 2008 он
1 һарын 1
|-{{Coin-yellow-color}}
| style=&quot;background:white;text-align:center&quot; | [[file:Israel 10 Agorot 1985 Edge, Obverse &amp; Reverse.jpg|250px]]
| {{nowrap|10 агорот}}&lt;!--sic--&gt;
| 22&amp;nbsp;мм
| 1.5&amp;nbsp;мм
| 4 гр
| [[Менора (сүмэ)|Долоо һалаатаһан дэнгэй һууритай]] [[II Антигон (Хасмоней)|II Антигоной]] гаргаһан зоосой репликэ, [[Израиль уласай һүлдэ|гүрэнэй һүлдэ]], &quot;Израиль&quot; [[Иврит]], [[Араб хэлэн|Араб]] ба [[Англи хэлэн|Англи хэлээр]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Мүнөөнэй
|- {{Coin-gold-color}}
| style=&quot;background:white;text-align:center&quot; | [[file:Israel Half New Sheqel 1985 Edge, Obverse &amp; Reverse.jpg|250px]]
| {{nowrap|₪0.5}}
| 26&amp;nbsp;мм
| 1.6&amp;nbsp;мм
| 6.5 гр
| [[Лирэ]], [[Израиль уласай һүлдэ|гүрэнэй һүлдэ]]
| Үнэ сэн, һара үдэр, &quot;Израиль&quot; [[Иврит]], [[Араб хэлэн|Араб]] ба [[Англи хэлэн|Англи хэлээр]]
|- {{Coin-silver-color}}
| style=&quot;background:white;text-align:center&quot; | [[file:Israel 1 New Sheqel 1985 Edge, Obverse &amp; Reverse.jpg|250px]]
| {{nowrap|₪1}}
| 18&amp;nbsp;мм
| 1.8&amp;nbsp;мм
| 3.5 гр
|[[Зэд-никелиин холисо|Зэд-никель]]&lt;br /&gt;75% [[зэд]]&lt;br /&gt;25% [[никель]] (1985-1993)&lt;br/ &gt;[[Никель]]&lt;nowiki/&gt;дэһэн булад (1994–мүнөө үе)&lt;ref&gt;Note that nickel-clad steel 1 new sheqalim coins were issued in 1994 and 1995&lt;/ref&gt;
|Хилбар
| [[Сараана]], &quot;Йеһуд&quot; эртэнэй Ивридээр, [[Израиль уласай һүлдэ|гүрэнэй һүлдэ]]
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |Үнэ сэн, һара үдэр, &quot;Израиль&quot; [[Иврит]], [[Араб хэлэн|Араб]] ба [[Англи хэлэн|Англи хэлээр]]
|1985 оной
9 һарын 4
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |Мүнөөнэй
|- {{Coin-silver-color}}
| style=&quot;background:white;text-align:center&quot; | [[file:Israel 2 New Sheqels 2010 Edge, Obverse &amp; Reverse.jpg|250px]]
| {{nowrap|₪2}}
| 21.6&amp;nbsp;мм
| 2.3&amp;nbsp;мм
| 5.7 гр
| Никельдэһэн булад
| Сегментшэлһэн (Хилбар ба Бэржылгэһэн секцинүүд)
| Хоёр элбэг дэлбэгэй эбэр, [[Израиль уласай һүлдэ|гүрэнэй һүлдэ]]
| 2007 оной
12 һарын 9
|-{{Coin-silver-color}} 
| style=&quot;background:white;text-align:center&quot; | [[file:Israel 5 New Sheqels 2012 Edge, Obverse &amp; Reverse.jpg|250px]]
| {{nowrap|₪5}}
| 24&amp;nbsp;мм
| 2.4&amp;nbsp;мм
| 8.2 гр
| [[Зэд-никелиин холисо|Зэд-никель]]&lt;br /&gt;75% [[зэд]]&lt;br /&gt;25% [[никель]]
| 12 таланууд
| Баханын ниислэл, [[Израиль уласай һүлдэ|гүрэнэй һүлдэ]]
| 1990 оной
1 һарын 2
|- {{Coin-silver-color}} 
| style=&quot;background:white;text-align:center&quot; | [[file:Israel 10 New Sheqels 2011 Edge, Obverse &amp; Reverse.jpg|250px]]
|{{Coin-silver-color}} | {{nowrap|₪10}}
| 23&amp;nbsp;мм&lt;br /&gt;Гол: 16&amp;nbsp;мм
| 2.2&amp;nbsp;мм
| 7 гр
| '''Сахариг:''' Никельтэй булад&lt;br /&gt;'''Түб:''' Алтариг уялаатай зэд
| Бэржылгэһэн
| Долоон набшатай ба хоёр финиктэй корзинатай пальма, &quot;Сионой гэмээ сагааруулгын түлөө&quot; гэһэн үгэнүүд эртэнэй ба мүнөөнэй [[Еврей бэшэг|Еврей бэшэгээр]]
| 1995 оной
2 һарын 7
|}
* Израилиин зоос дээрхи бүхы һара үдэрые [[Еврейн литэ|Еврейн литээр]] бэшэһэн ба [[Еврей тоо|Еврей тоогоор]] бэшэгдэһэные анхарагты.

== Банкнотууд ==

=== A сери (1985–1999) ===
1985 оной 9 һарын 4-эй үдэрһээ эхилэн ₪5, ₪10, ба ₪50-иин банкнотууд эрьелтэдэ ороһон. 1986 оной 5 һарын 8-да ₪1 банкнот, 1986 оной 8 һарын 19-да ₪100-иин банкнот гараһан. 1988 оной 4 һарын 2-до ₪20-иин банкнот, 1992 оной 2 һарын 16-да ₪200-иин банкнот гаража энэ сериие дуусгаһан.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Linzmayer|first1=Owen|title=The Banknote Book|chapter=Israel|publisher=www.BanknoteNews.com|year=2012|location=San Francisco, CA|chapter-url=http://www.banknotebook.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; ₪1, ₪5 ба ₪10 банкнотуудиинь үмэнэхи IS 1000, 5000, ба 10 000 банкнотуудай эжэл загбарые ашаглаһан болобошье номиналиинь ондоо байһан.

Хожомынь ₪1, ₪5 ба ₪10 банкнотуудые зоосоор һолигдоһон. Эдэгээр хэдэ хэдэн зоосые анханай хэблэлдэ банкнот дээрхи хүнүүдэй дүрсые һиилэһэн байһан.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 90%&quot;
!Зураг
!Үнэ сэн
!Хэмжээ
!Үнгэ
!Урда
!Арын
!Гаргалгын дата
!Гаралгын дата
|-
|[[Файл:Israel_1_Sheqel_1986_Obverse_&amp;_Reverse.jpg|265x265пкс]]
|₪1
| rowspan=&quot;7&quot; |76x 138&amp;nbsp;мм
|ногоон
|[[Маймонид]]
|Маймонидай хүдөөлһэн Тибери; Эртэнэй шулуун зула
|1986 оной 
5 һарын 8
|1995
|-
|[[Файл:Israel_5_New_Sheqalim_1987_Obverse_&amp;_Reverse.jpg|265x265пкс]]
|₪5
|хүхэ
|[[Леви Эшколь]]
|[[Бүхы израилиин уһанай хоолой|Үндэһэнэй резервуар]], таланууд ба үрэгүй газаруудые символизировалһан уһатай хоолой
|1985 оной
9 һарын 4
|1995
|-
|[[Файл:Israel_10_New_Sekel_1985_Obverse_&amp;_Reverse.jpg|265x265пкс]]
|₪10
|шара улаан
|[[Голда Меир]]
|Голда Меириин 1948 ондо Израилиин элшэн сайдай хубиар Москвада ерэхэдээ [[Москвагай хорой синагого|Москвагай хорой синагогын]] урада сугларһан хүнүүдэй дундахи зураг
|1985 оной 
9 һарын 4
|1995
|-
|[[Файл:Israel_20_New_Sheqalim_1993_Obverse_&amp;_Reverse.jpg|276x276пкс]]
|[[20 шэнэ шекелиин банкнот|₪20]]
|хара боро
|[[Моше Шарет]]
|[[Герцлиягай Гимнази|Герцлиягай Гимназиин]] анханай байшан, ара таладахи Жэжэг [[Тель-Авив]] 
|1988 оной
4 һарын 2
|2000 оной 
7 һарын 1
|-
|[[Файл:Israel_50_New_Sheqalim_1992_front_&amp;_back.jpg|272x272пкс]]
|[[50 шэнэ шекелиин банкнот|₪50]]
|ягаан хүхэ
|[[Шмуэль Йосеф Агнон]]
|Иерусалимай горизонт, Зүүн Европодохи газар, Агноной түүхэй болодог ябадалай газар.
|1985 оной 
9 һарын 4
|2000 оной 
7 һарын 1
|-
|[[Файл:Israel_100_New_Sheqalim_1995_front_&amp;_back.jpg|279x279пкс]]
|[[100 шэнэ шекелиин банкнот|₪100]]
|хүрин
|[[Ицхак Бен-Цви]]
|[[Пкиинэй Синагого]], Эртэнэй шулуун зула
|1986 оной
8 һарын 19
|2000 оной
7 һарын 1
|-
|[[Файл:Israel_200_New_Sheqalim1994_Obverse_&amp;_Reverse.jpg|274x274пкс]]
|[[200 шэнэ шекелиин банкнот|₪200]]
|улаан
|[[Залман Шазар]]
|Шазарай һанаашалһан Болбосоролой тухай хуулиин бэлгэдэл болгон шэрээ дээри бэшэжэ буй басаган, ба ара таладахи Еврей бараа үсэгнүүд
|1992 оной
2 һарын 16
|2000 оной
7 һарын 1
|}

=== B сери (1999–2017) ===
Хоёрдохи сериин банкнотуудые 1999 ондо гаргаһан ба 2005 он гэхэдэ анханай сериие орлоһон. [[Ицхак Рабин|Ицхак Рабинай]] хүрэгтэй ₪500 банкнот гаргаха план 1995 ондо Рабиные алагдаһанай дараахан зарлагдаһан. Гэбэшье инфляциин бага темптэй байһан тула энэ банкнот хиихэ зайлашагүй юумэнгүй байһан ба хэзээшье гаража байгаагүй.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.collect.co.il/objects/articles/03/0301/500_nis.jpg|title=The 500 NIS banknote that was never released (Obverse)|accessdate=2021-08-06|archivedate=2021-03-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210323082957/http://www.collect.co.il/objects/articles/03/0301/500_nis.jpg}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 90%&quot;
|+Шэнэ шекелиин хоёрдохи сери
!Зураг
!Үнэ сэн
!Хэмжээ
!Үнгэ
!Урда
!Ара
!Гаргалгын дата
|-
|[[Файл:Israel-20-New-Sheqalim-1998-revers.jpg|265x265пкс]][[Файл:Israel-20-New-Sheqalim-1998-avers.jpg|265x265пкс]]
|{{nowrap|[[20 шэнэ шекелиин банкнот|₪20]]}}
| rowspan=&quot;6&quot; |71x 138&amp;nbsp;mm
|Ногоон
|[[Моше Шарет]]
|[[Дэлхэйн хоёрдугаар дайн|Дэлхэйн 2-р дайндахи]] Еврей һайн дураараа ябагшад; харуулай башни, мүнхэлэлгын башни ба сэлеэнэй зоомол хашаа 
|1999 оной 1 һарын 3
|-
|[[Файл:20_NIS_Bill_(polypropylene)_Obverse_&amp;_Reverse.jpg|276x276пкс]]
|{{nowrap|[[20 шэнэ шекелиин банкнот|₪20]]}}
|Ногоон
|[[Моше Шарет]]
|[[Дэлхэйн хоёрдугаар дайн|Дэлхэйн 2-р дайндахи]] Еврей һайн дураараа ябагшад; харуулай башни, мүнхэлэлгын башни ба сэлеэнэй зоомол хашаа. Нэмэлтэ полипропилен банкнот дээрхи Ивридээр бэшэгдэһэн &quot;Израиль уласай 60 жэл&quot; гэһэн улаан текст.
([[Полипропилен]], [[Полимер|полимерэй]] субстратаар хиигдэһэн, ба эрьелтын хугасаа хэдэхэн сарын хугасаатай юрын B сериин банкнотһоо үлүү юм. Полимер банкнотые [[Швейцари|Швейцариин]] [[Цюрих]] хотын [[Orell Füssli]] Аюулгүй Принтингдэ хэблэгдэһэн)
|2008 оной 4 һарын 13
|-
|[[Файл:50_NIS_Bill_Obverse_&amp;_Reverse.jpg|276x276пкс]]
|{{nowrap|[[50 шэнэ шекелиин банкнот|₪50]]}}
|Ягаан хүхэ
|[[Шмуэль Йосеф Агнон]]
|Агноной блокнот ручка ба нюдэнэй шэл, [[Иерусалим]] ба [[Сүмын Уула]]
|1999 оной 10 һарын 31
|-
|[[Файл:100_NIS_Bill_Obverse_&amp;_Reverse.jpg|276x276пкс]]
|{{nowrap|[[100 шэнэ шекелиин банкнот|₪100]]}}
|Хүрин
|[[Ицхак Бен-Цви]]
|[[Пкиинэй Синагого]]
|1999 оной 1 һарын 3
|-
|[[Файл:200_NIS_Bill_Obverse_&amp;_Reverse.jpg|276x276пкс]]
|{{nowrap|[[200 шэнэ шекелиин банкнот|₪200]]}}
|Улаан
|[[Залман Шазар]]
|[[Цфат|Цфатдахи]] гудамжа ба Цфатай тухай Шазарай эссегэй текст
|1999 оной 10 һарын 31
|-
| 
|{{nowrap|₪500}}
|Хүхэ
|[[Ицхак Рабин]]
|Наһа бараһан Юрэнхы Сайдай алагдахын урдахана хэлэһэн үгын нэгэ хэсэг&lt;ref&gt;{{citation|publisher=Bulletin of the Numismatics Association in Israel|title=שטר בסימן שאלה|url=http://www.collect.co.il/content.aspx?id=301|date=October 2005}} {{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.collect.co.il/content.aspx?id=301 |accessdate=2021-08-06 |archivedate=2021-01-13 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210113002656/http://www.collect.co.il/content.aspx?id=301 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Хэзээшье хэблэгдээгүй
|}
{{Clear}}

=== C сери (2014–мүнөө үе) ===
The committee proposed that the new series would bear the portraits of prominent Hebrew poets, among them [[Rachel Bluwstein]], [[Shaul Tchernichovsky]], [[Leah Goldberg]] and [[Nathan Alterman]]. 2010 оной 12 һарада энэ серидэ [[Менахем Бегин]], [[Ицхак Рабин]], Рахель, [[Шмуэль Йосеф Агнон]] нарын хүрэгые оруулха болоно гэжэ мэдэгдэһэн.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.bankisrael.gov.il/press/eng/101219/101219n.htm Press release, Bank of Israel] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120329113712/http://www.bankisrael.gov.il/press/eng/101219/101219n.htm |date=2012-03-29 }}, 19 December 2009&lt;/ref&gt; Бегинэй гэр бүлынхан энэ шиидхэбэриие эсэргүүсэхэдэ хорооной анханай һаналые дахин абаһан.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.bankisrael.gov.il/press/eng/110310/110310g.htm Press release, Bank of Israel] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120329113848/http://www.bankisrael.gov.il/press/eng/110310/110310g.htm |date=2012-03-29 }}, 10 March 2011&lt;/ref&gt;

2012 оной 11 һарын 14-дэ, Израилиин Банк банкнотын шэжэ серинь бэлэдхэлгын эсэсэй шатада ороһоные зарлаһан. Шэнэ банкнотууд анха 2014 оной 9 һарын 16-да [[50 шэнэ шекелиин банкнот|₪50]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.ynet.co.il/articles/0,7340,L-4569467,00.html|script-title=he:השטר החדש הושק: &quot;יהי קשה לזייף שטרות&quot;|date=10 September 2014|access-date=10 September 2014|publisher=[[ynet]]|language=he|trans-title=The new banknote was launched: &quot;It will be difficult to counterfeit banknotes&quot;}}&lt;/ref&gt; дараань 2015 оной 12 һарын 23-да [[200 шэнэ шекелиин банкнот|₪200]] эрьелтэдэ ороһон.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.globes.co.il/en/article-israels-new-nis-200-banknote-enters-circulation-today-1001090436|title=Israel's new NIS 200 note enters circulation today|date=23 December 2015|access-date=23 December 2015|publisher=[[Globes (newspaper)|Globes]]|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Эсэсэй хоёр номиналууд, [[20 шэнэ шекелиин банкнот|₪20]] ба [[100 шэнэ шекелиин банкнот|₪100]], 2017 оной 11 һарын 23-да эрьелтэдэ орожо, &quot;C сери&quot; банктнотуудай сериие дүүргэһэн.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.boi.org.il/en/NewsAndPublications/PressReleases/Pages/16-11-17-NewBankNotes.aspx Press release, Bank of Israel: The next banknotes in the new series – the NIS 20 and NIS 100 banknotes – will be distributed to the public on from Thursday, November 23, 2017 – 5 Kislev 5778] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417075710/http://www.boi.org.il/en/NewsAndPublications/PressReleases/Pages/16-11-17-NewBankNotes.aspx |date=April 17, 2021 }} Bank of Israel (www.bankisrael.gov.il). 16 November 2017&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.boi.org.il/en/NewsAndPublications/PressReleases/Pages/14112012-a.aspx Press release, Bank of Israel: Information on the new series of banknotes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130501161338/http://www.boi.org.il/en/NewsAndPublications/PressReleases/Pages/14112012-a.aspx |date=2013-05-01 }} 14 November 2012&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.bankisrael.gov.il/en/NewsAndPublications/PressReleases/Pages/280413-a.aspx Press release by the Bank of Israel: Images and descriptions on the new series of Israeli new shekel banknotes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161115123955/http://www.bankisrael.gov.il/en/NewsAndPublications/PressReleases/Pages/280413-a.aspx |date=2016-11-15 }} Bank of Israel (www.bankisrael.gov.il). 28 April 2013. Retrieved on 1 May 2013.&lt;/ref&gt;

Гурбадахи сериие гаргаһанаар [[Израилиин Банк]] мүнгэн тэмдэгтынхээ англи хэлэнэй бэшэгэй стандартые ''шекель'' болгоһон.&lt;ref&gt;{{citation|contribution=Third Series of the New Shekel|contribution-url=http://www.bankisrael.gov.il/en/Currency/CurrentCurrencySeries/Pages/Default.aspx#Top|url=http://www.boi.org.il/en/Currency/Pages/Default.aspx|title=Currency|publisher=[[Bank of Israel]]}} {{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://www.boi.org.il/en/Currency/Pages/Default.aspx |accessdate=2026-02-28 |archivedate=2021-03-25 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210325085651/https://www.boi.org.il/en/Currency/Pages/Default.aspx }}&lt;/ref&gt; Үмэнэнь Банкиинь ''шекель'' ба ''шекалим'' ({{lang|he|שְׁקָלִים|rtl=yes}}) гэһэн Еврей транскрипциие албан ёһоор ашаглажа байһан.&lt;ref name=&quot;boiboi&quot;&gt;{{citation|contribution=Second Series of the New Shekel|contribution-url=http://www.bankisrael.gov.il/en/Currency/CurrentCurrencySeries/Pages/Default.aspx#Top|url=http://www.boi.org.il/en/Currency/Pages/Default.aspx|title=Currency|publisher=Bank of Israel}} {{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://www.boi.org.il/en/Currency/Pages/Default.aspx |accessdate=2026-02-28 |archivedate=2021-03-25 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210325085651/https://www.boi.org.il/en/Currency/Pages/Default.aspx }}.&lt;/ref&gt;

Банкнотуудые Швейцариин [[Orell Füssli|Orell Füssli Аюулгүй Принтингын]] газар хэблэһэн.&lt;ref name=&quot;fussli1&quot; /&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 90%&quot;
! colspan=&quot;8&quot; |Шэнэ Шекелиин Гурбадахи Сери
|-
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Зураг
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Үнэ сэн
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Хэмжээ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Үнгэ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Бэшэжэ харуулга
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Гаргалгын дата
|-
!Урда
!Арын
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:right; background-color:#000;&quot; |[[Файл:20_New_Sheqalim2017_Obverse_&amp;_Reverse.png|99x99пкс]]
|{{nowrap|[[20 шэнэ шекелиин банкнот|₪20]]}}
|129 × 71&amp;nbsp;мм
| style=&quot;background-color:#F00;&quot; |
|Улаан
|[[Рахель Блувштейн]]; [[Микрохэблэл|микрохэблэлдэхи]] ''Кинерет'' шүлэг; хойто таладахи Пальмын һалаа
|Галилейн далайн эрьеын линиин үзэмжэ; ''Магадгүй энэнь юушье бэшэ байһан байха…'' шүлэгэй отрывок
|2017 оной 11 һарын 23
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:right; background-color:#000;&quot; |[[Файл:50_New_Sheqalim2014_Obverse_&amp;_Reverse.png|99x99пкс]]
|{{nowrap|[[50 шэнэ шекелиин банкнот|₪50]]}}
|136 × 71&amp;nbsp;мм
| style=&quot;background-color:#090;&quot; |
|Ногоон
|[[Шаул Черниховский]]; микрохэблэлдэхи ''Оо, Газармни, Эхэ оромни'' шүлэг; Цитрусова модо ба хойто таладахи жэмэс
|Коринфын баханын капитель;  ''Би этихэжэ байна'' шүлэгэй отрывок
|2014 оной 9 һарын 16
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:right; background-color:#000;&quot; |[[Файл:100_New_Sheqalim2017_Obverse_&amp;_Reverse.png|100x100пкс]]
|{{nowrap|[[100 шэнэ шекелиин банкнот|₪100]]}}
|143 × 71&amp;nbsp;мм
| style=&quot;background-color:#F90;&quot; |
|Шара улаан
|[[Леа Гольдберг]]; микрохэблэлдэхи ''Минии дуратай орондо бүйлсын модод сэсэглэжэ байна'' шүлэг; Хойто таладахи сэсэглэжэ буй Бүйлсын модо
|Газелиин бүлэг; ''Сагаан үдэрнүүд'' шүлэгэй отрывок
|2017 оной 11 һарын 23
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:right; background-color:#000;&quot; |[[Файл:200_New_Sheqalim2015_Obverse_&amp;_Reverse.png|105x105пкс]]
|{{nowrap|[[200 шэнэ шекелиин банкнот|₪200]]}}
|150 × 71&amp;nbsp;мм
| style=&quot;background-color:#09F;&quot; |
|Хүхэ
|[[Натан Альтерман]]; микрохэблэлдэхи ''Мүнхын Уулзалга'' шүлэг; Хойто таладахи Намарай набша
|Һарын флоро; ''Үглөөнэй Дуун'' шүлэгэй отрывок
|2015 оной 12 һарын 23
|-
| colspan=&quot;8&quot; |{{Standard banknote table notice|standard_scale=Y|BrE=Y}}
|}

== Мүнгэнэй сэн ==
[[Файл:Euro_exchange_rate_to_ILS.svg|мини|368x368пкс|Шекелдэхи нэгэ еврогой үнэ (2011 онһоо).]]
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left; margin:1em auto 1em auto;&quot;
|+ILS валют бүри, жэлэй дундуур
!Валюта
![[ISO 4217]]
!Единицэ
!1986
!1991
!1996
!2001
!2006
!2011
!2016
|-
|[[АНУ-ай доллар]]
|USD
|1
|1.36
|2.59
|3.36
|4.22
|4.47
|3.46
|3.77
|-
|[[Зүблэлтэ Холбооной рубль]]
|SUR&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;
|1
|1.80
|4.61
| bgcolor=&quot;#EEEFE4&quot; |
| bgcolor=&quot;#EEEFE4&quot; |
| bgcolor=&quot;#EEEFE4&quot; |
| bgcolor=&quot;#EEEFE4&quot; |
| bgcolor=&quot;#EEEFE4&quot; |
|-
|[[Ородой рубль]]
|RUB
|1
| bgcolor=&quot;#EEEFE4&quot; |
| bgcolor=&quot;#EEEFE4&quot; |
|0.62
|0.14
|0.16
|0.12
|0.05
|-
|[[Японой иен]]
|JPY
|100
|0.81
|1.87
|3.16
|3.42
|4.00
|4.27
|3.44
|-
|[[Фунт стерлинг]]
|GBP
|1
|2.07
|4.47
|5.16
|6.10
|8.36
|5.53
|5.15
|-
|[[Германиин марк]]
|DEM&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
|1
|0.61
|1.50
|2.22
| bgcolor=&quot;#EEEFE4&quot; |''1.86''
| bgcolor=&quot;#EEEFE4&quot; |''2.89''
| bgcolor=&quot;#EEEFE4&quot; |''2.51''
| bgcolor=&quot;#EEEFE4&quot; |''2.17''
|-
|[[Франци франк]]
|FRF&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
|1
|0.19
|0.44
|0.65
| bgcolor=&quot;#EEEFE4&quot; |''0.55''
| bgcolor=&quot;#EEEFE4&quot; |''0.86''
| bgcolor=&quot;#EEEFE4&quot; |''0.75''
| bgcolor=&quot;#EEEFE4&quot; |''0.65''
|-
|[[Евро]]
|EUR
|1
| bgcolor=&quot;#EEEFE4&quot; |
| bgcolor=&quot;#EEEFE4&quot; |
| bgcolor=&quot;#EEEFE4&quot; |
|3.63
|5.65
|4.91
|4.25
|-
|[[Швейцариин франк]]
|CHF
|1
|0.73
|1.78
|2.68
|2.37
|3.67
|4.14
|3.89
|-
|[[Иорданиин динар]]
|JOD
|1
|4.25
|3.34
|4.50
|5.89
|6.44
|4.81
|5.32
|-
|[[Египетын фунт]]
|EGP
|1
|2.12
|0.72
|0.94
|1.07
|0.77
|0.57
|0.42
|-
|[[БНХАУ-ай юань]] 
|CNY
|1
|0.39
|0.47
|0.39
|0.50
|0.55
|0.55
|0.58
|-
| colspan=&quot;10&quot; |*&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; [[Зүблэлтэ Холбооной рубль|SUR]] 1993 ондо бии байха болижо, [[Ородой рубль|RUB]]-ээр орлогдоһон.
&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; [[Германиин марк|DEM]] 1999 ондо бии байха болижо, [[Евро|EUR]]-оор орлогдоһон.

&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; [[Франци франк|FRF]] 1999 ондо бии байха болижо, [[Евро|EUR]]-оор орлогдоһон.
|}
{{Exchange rate|ILS|RUB|CNY|USD}}

== Мүн үзэхэ ==

* [[Израилиин Банк]]
* [[Израилиин Эдэй засаг]]

== Зүүлтэ ==
&lt;references responsive=&quot;&quot; /&gt;{{Historical currencies of Israel}}</text>
      <sha1>47k6ixjsjssoyc3ski01ubkwortx7zi</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
</mediawiki>