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Улас оронуудай жагсаалта
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<!-- Please discuss at talk before adding a map here. There are neutrality issues to resolve. -->
[[File:Palais des Nations unies, à Genève.jpg|alt=A long row of flags|thumb|upright=1.2|[[Женева]] дахи [[Үндэһэтэнүүдэй Ордон]]ой үмэнэ [[Нэгэдэһэн Үндэһэтэнэй Байгуулга|НҮБ]]-ын [[НҮБ-ын гэшүүн уласууд|гэшүүн]] ба гэшүүн бэшэ ЮА ажаглагша гүрэнүүдэй туг.]]
Доорохи жагсаалта нь бүхэдэлхэйн [[Бүрин эрхэтэ улас|сувереннэ уласуудай]] статус, [[Суверенитет|суверенитетые]] зүбшөөһэн талаар мэдээсэлые байлгаһан жагсаалта юм.
Жагсаалтада ороһон 206 уласые [[НҮБ-ын системэ|НҮБ-ын системээр]] гэшүүн байлгагаар гурбан категорида хубаажа болоно: 193 [[НҮБ-ын гэшүүн уласууд|гэшүүн улас]],<ref name="unms">{{cite web|title=United Nations Member States|url=https://www.un.org/en/members/index.shtml|publisher=United Nations|author=Press Release ORG/1469|access-date=November 3, 2019|date=3 July 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230101646/http://www.un.org/en/members/index.shtml|archive-date=30 December 2013|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> [[НҮБ-ын Юрэнхы Ассамблейн ажаглагшад|ЮА ажаглагша]] 2 улас, ба бусад 11 улас. ''Бүрин эрхэтэ байдалай арсалдаанай'' баганада арсалдаангүй бүрин эрхэтэ уласууд (188 улас), бүрин эрхын арсалдаантай уласууд (16 улас, 6 гэшүүн улас, 1 ЮА ажаглагша улас, ба бусад 9 улас байдаг), ба [[Кукай арал ба Ниуэгэй улас түрын статус|улас түрын тусхай статустай]] уласууд (2 улас) байдаг.
[[Бүрин эрхэтэ улас|Гүрэн байлгын критериин]] улас оронуудай хамтын бүлгэмэй бүхэ гэшүүдтэ заабол дагажа мүрдэхэ тодорхойлолто байдаггүй тула иимэ жагсаалта гаргаха нь түбэгтэй ба зүршэлдөөнтэй ябаса байжа болохо юм. Энэ жагсаалтын агуулгые тодорхойлходо ашаглаһан критериудай талаар дэлгэрэнгы мэдээсэл абахын тулада доорохи ''[[#Оруулха критери|оруулха критериие]] үзэгты.
== Оруулха критери ==
Гүрэн байлгын [[Юрын уласхоорондын хуули|уласхоорондын хуулида булюу байха]] журам болбол [[1933 оной Монтевидеогой конвенци|1933 оной Монтевидеогой конвенциор]] кодифицировалһан [[Бүрин эрхэтэ улас#Тунхаглалай теори|гүрэн байлгын тунхаглалай теори]] юм. Энэ конвенцидэ гүрэные "(a) байнгын хүн зон; (b) тодорхойлһон нютаг; (c) засагай газар; ба (d) бусад гүрэнүүдтэй харилсаанда орохо шадабаритай" байбала уласхоорондын [[Хуулиин нюур|хуулида нюур]] гээшэ тодорхойлһон байдаг, гэбэшье'' энэ шанаруудые ''"зэбсэг хэрэглэхэ, дипломат түлөөлэгшые занаха гү, али бусад үрэтэй албадаһан аргаар" абаһан болбол тоосохогүй''.<ref>{{cite book|author=Hersch Lauterpacht|title=Recognition in International Law|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EWgEv1Qq2TwC&pg=PA419|year=2012|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|page=419|isbn=9781107609433}}</ref>''
[[Дипломат зүбшөөлгэ|Хүлээн зүбшөөлгые]] хэр зэргэ гүрэн байлгын критери болгон оруулха талаар арсалдаан хэгдэжэ байна. Гүрэн байлгын тунхаглалай теоринь гүрэн байлгань сэбэр объективнэ ба бусад уласуудай зүбшөөлгэнь хамаагүй гээшэ үзэдэг. Нүгөө таладань [[Бүрин эрхэтэ улас#Бүридүүлэгшэ теори|гүрэн байлгын бүридүүлэгшэ теоринь]] зүбхэн бусад [[Суверенитет|тусгаар]] уласууд зүбшөөһэн тохёолдолдо уласхоорондын хуулида нюур гээшэ тоосогдодог. Энэ жагсаалтада өөртөө бүрин эрхэтэ улас гэжэ үзэдэг бүхы уласууд (тусгаар тогтонолой тунхаглал гү, али бусад аргаар) багтаһан гү, али:
* гүрэн байлгын тунхаглалай теориие хангаһан гэжэ үзэдэг ''гү, али''
* [[НҮБ-ын гэшүүн уласууд|НҮБ-ын гэшүүн улас]] багадаа нэгэ улас тусгаар тогтониһон улас гэжэ зүбшөөһэн байха
== Гүрэнүүдэй жагсаалта ==
{| class="sortable wikitable" style="background:white; text-align:left;"
! width="300pt" |Юрэнхы ба албан нэрэнүүд
! width="150pt" |[[НҮБ-ын системэ|НҮБ-ын системын]] гэшүүн байлга
! width="150pt" |Суверенитедэй арсалдаан
! class="unsortable" |Суверенитедэй статус ба зүбшөөгдэһэн байдалай нэмэлтэ мэдээсэл
|- style="background:Darkgrey;"
| style="text-align:center;" |<span style="display:none">A AAA</span>
|<span style="display:none">A AAA</span>
|<span style="display:none">A AAA</span>
|
|- style="background:Lightgrey;"
| style="text-align:center;" |<span style="display:none">ZZZ</span>↓ [[НҮБ-ын гэшүүн уласууд]] ба [[НҮБ-ын Юрэнхы Ассамблейн ажаглагшад|Юрэнхы Ассамблейн ажаглагша уласууд]] ↓
|<span style="display:none">A AAA</span>
|<span style="display:none">ZZZ</span>
|
|-
| colspan="4" style="vertical-align:top;" |<span style="display:none">ZZZ</span>''Абхази → [[Улас оронуудай жагсаалта#Абхази|Абхазиин жагсаалтые харагты]]''
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Азербайджан}}''' – Бүгэдэ Найрамдаха Азербайджан Улас
|<span style="display:none">A</span> НҮБ-ын гэшүүн улас
|<span style="display:none">A</span> Үгы
{{extent}}Азербайджанда, [[Бүгэдэ Найрамдаха Автономито Нахчыванай Улас|Нахчыван]], гэдэг нэгэ автономито гүрэн байдаг Азербайджанай баруун-урда хэсэгтэ ''де-факто'' [[Улас оронуудай жагсаалта#Арцах|Арцах]] улас байгуулагдаба.
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''[[Афганистан]]'''
|<span style="display:none">A</span> [[НҮБ-ын гэшүүн уласууд|НҮБ-ын гэшүүн улас]]
|Үгы
{{extent}}НҮБ мүнөөнэй байдалаар {{flag|Лалын Бүгэдэ Найрамдаха Афганистан Улас}}ые, ''де-факто'' засагай газар {{flag|Лалын Эмиртэ Афганистан Улас}}ай орондо, Афганистанай засагай газар гэжэ зүбшөөһэн.<ref name="akhund2">{{Cite news|date=7 September 2021|title=Taliban announce new government for Afghanistan|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-58479750}}</ref><ref name="UN_Seats_Denied">{{Cite news|date=1 December 2021|title=U.N. Seats Denied, for Now, to Afghanistan’s Taliban and Myanmar’s Junta|work=nytimes|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/12/01/world/americas/united-nations-taliban-myanmar.html}}</ref>
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Албани}}''' – Бүгэдэ Найрамдаха Албани Улас
|<span style="display:none">A</span> НҮБ-ын гэшүүн улас
|<span style="display:none">A</span> Үгы
{{extent}}
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Алжир }}''' – Бүгэдэ Найрамдаха Арадшалаһан Алжир Арад Улас
|<span style="display:none">A</span> НҮБ-ын гэшүүн улас
|Үгы
{{extent}}
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Андорро}}''' – Андоррын Гүнтэ Улас
|<span style="display:none">A</span> НҮБ-ын гэшүүн улас
|<span style="display:none">A</span> Үгы
{{extent}}Андорродо түрын тэргүүнэй албаные [[Францын юрэнхылэгшэ]] ба, [[Арюун Шэрээ]]нэй зүбшөөлээр томилогдодог, Римэй Католик шажанай Урхелиин хамба лам,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/country_profiles/992562.stm#leaders|title=Andorra country profile|work=BBC News|access-date=8 November 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090215064605/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/country_profiles/992562.stm#leaders|archive-date=15 February 2009|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> нара гүйсэдхэдэг [[Диархи|хамтарһан засаглал]] юм.
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Ангола}}''' – Бүгэдэ Найрамдаха Ангола Улас
|<span style="display:none">A</span> НҮБ-ын гэшүүн улас
|<span style="display:none">A</span> Үгы
{{extent}}
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Антигуа ба Барбуда}}'''
|<span style="display:none">A</span> НҮБ-ын гэшүүн улас
|<span style="display:none">A</span> Үгы
{{extent}}Антигуа ба Барбуда болбол, [[Барбуда]] гэдэг нэгэ автономито можотой [[Хамтын нүхэрлэлэй хаанта улас|Хамтын нүхэрлэлэй гүрэн]] юм.
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Аргентинэ}}''' – Бүгэдэ Найрамдаха Аргентинэ Улас
|<span style="display:none">A</span> НҮБ-ын гэшүүн улас
|<span style="display:none">A</span> Үгы
{{extent}}Аргентинэ нь [[Аргентинын Можонууд|23 можонууд ба нэгэ автономито хото]]һоо бүридэдэг [[холбооной улас|холбоо]] юм.
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Армени}}''' – Бүгэдэ Найрамдаха Армени Улас
|<span style="display:none">A</span> НҮБ-ын гэшүүн улас
| style="background:#fcc;" |[[Улас оронуудай жагсаалта#Пакистан|Пакистан]] зүбшөөдэггүй.
{{extent}}Армениие [[Улас оронуудай жагсаалта#Арцах|Арцах]]ай [[Уулын Карабахай конфликт|арсалдаан]]һаа боложо Пакистан [[Армени–Пакистанай харилсаа|зүбшөөдэггүй]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.foreignaffairscommittee.org/includes/content_files/Report%2021%20-%20Visit%20to%20Azerbaijan.pdf|title=Pakistan Worldview, Report 21, Visit to Azerbaijan|publisher=Senate of Pakistan Foreign Relations Committee|date=2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090219074354/http://foreignaffairscommittee.org/includes/content_files/Report%2021%20-%20Visit%20to%20Azerbaijan.pdf|archive-date=19 February 2009|accessdate=2 February 2022|archivedate=19 February 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090219074354/http://www.foreignaffairscommittee.org/includes/content_files/Report%2021%20-%20Visit%20to%20Azerbaijan.pdf}}</ref><ref>[http://www.today.az/news/politics/30102.html Nilufer Bakhtiyar: "For Azerbaijan Pakistan does not recognise Armenia as a country"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110813064453/http://www.today.az/news/politics/30102.html|date=13 August 2011}} 13 September 2006 [14:03] – Today.Az</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.az/articles/armenia/86325|title=Pakistan the only country not recognizing Armenia – envoy|publisher=News.Az|date=5 February 2014|access-date=17 February 2014|quote=We are the only country not recognizing Armenia as a state.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140223095734/http://news.az/articles/armenia/86325|archive-date=23 February 2014|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="4" style="vertical-align:top;" |<span style="display:none">ZZZ</span>''Арцах → [[Улас оронуудай жагсаалта#Арцах|Арцахай жагсаалтые харагты]]''
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Австрали}}''' – Австралиин Хамтын Нүхэрлэл
|<span style="display:none">A</span> НҮБ-ын гэшүүн улас
|<span style="display:none">A</span> Үгы
{{extent}}Австрали нь [[Хамтын нүхэрлэлэй хаанта улас|Хамтын нүхэрлэлэй гүрэн]] ба [[Австралиин Можо ба нютагууд|можо ба нютагууд]]ай [[холбооной улас|холбоо]] юм. Зургаан можо, гурбан дотоодын нютаг, зургаан гадаадын нютаг ба нэгэ [[Антарктика дахи Нютагай нэхэбэри|мэдээсэгдэһэн]] Антарктикын гадаада нютагтай. Австралиин гадаада нютагууд нь:
* {{noflag|[[Ашмор ба Картье Аралнууд]]}}
* {{flag|Зул hарын арал}}
* {{flag|Кокос (Кийлийнг) аралууд}}
* {{noflag|[[Шүрэтэ Тэнгисэй Аралууд]]}}
* {{noflag|[[Херд Арал ба Макдональд Аралууд]]}}
* {{flag|Норфолк Арал}}
* ''{{noflag|[[Австралиин Антарктикын Нютаг]]}}''
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Австри}}''' – Бүгэдэ Найрамдаха Австри Улас
|<span style="display:none">A</span> НҮБ-ын гэшүүн улас
|<span style="display:none">A</span> Үгы
{{extent}}[[Европын Холбоон]]ой Гэшүүн. Австри нь [[Австриин Можонууд|юһэн можонууд]]ай [[холбооной улас|холбоон]] юм.
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Бахама}}''' – Бахамын Нүхэрлэл<ref>{{cite web|title=Bahamas, The {{!}} The Commonwealth|url=http://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/bahamas|website=thecommonwealth.org|date=15 August 2013|access-date=12 March 2018|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180309082734/http://www.thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/bahamas|archive-date=9 March 2018|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
|<span style="display:none">A</span> НҮБ-ын гэшүүн улас
|<span style="display:none">A</span> Үгы
{{extent}}Бахама нь [[Хамтын нүхэрлэлэй хаанта улас|Хамтын нүхэрлэлэй гүрэн]] юм.
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Баһрэйн }}''' – Баһрэйнэй Хаанта Улас
|<span style="display:none">A</span> НҮБ-ын гэшүүн улас
|<span style="display:none">A</span> Үгы
{{extent}}
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Бангладеш}}''' – Бүгэдэ Найрамдаха Бангладеш Арад Улас
|<span style="display:none">A</span> НҮБ-ын гэшүүн улас
|<span style="display:none">A</span> Үгы
{{extent}}
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Барбадос}}'''
|<span style="display:none">A</span> НҮБ-ын гэшүүн улас
|<span style="display:none">A</span> Үгы
{{extent}}
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Беларусь}}''' – Бүгэдэ Найрамдаха Беларусь Улас
|<span style="display:none">A</span> НҮБ-ын гэшүүн улас
|<span style="display:none">A</span> Үгы
{{extent}}
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Бельги}}''' – Бельгиин Хаанта Улас
|<span style="display:none">A</span> НҮБ-ын гэшүүн улас
|<span style="display:none">A</span> Үгы
{{extent}}ЕХ-ой Гэшүүн. Бельги нь [[Бельгиин бүлгэмүүд, бүһэнүүд ба хэлэнэй нютагууд|гурбан хэлэнэй бүлгэм ба гурбан бүһэһээ]] бүридэдэг [[холбооной улас|холбоон]] юм.
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Белиз}}'''
|<span style="display:none">A</span> НҮБ-ын гэшүүн улас
|<span style="display:none">A</span> Үгы
{{extent}}Белиз нь [[Хамтын нүхэрлэлэй хаанта улас|Хамтын нүхэрлэлэй гүрэн]] юм.
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Бенин}}''' – Бүгэдэ Найрамдаха Бенин Улас
|<span style="display:none">A</span><span style="display:none">A</span> НҮБ-ын гэшүүн улас
|<span style="display:none">A</span> Үгы
{{extent}}
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Бутан}}''' – Бутанай Хаанта Улас
|<span style="display:none">A</span> НҮБ-ын гэшүүн улас
|<span style="display:none">A</span> Үгы
{{extent}}
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Боливи}}''' – Боливиин Олон Үндэһэтэнэй Улас
|<span style="display:none">A</span> НҮБ-ын гэшүүн улас
|<span style="display:none">A</span> Үгы
{{extent}}
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Босни ба Герцеговина}}'''
|<span style="display:none">A</span> НҮБ-ын гэшүүн улас
|<span style="display:none">A</span> Үгы
{{extent}}Босни ба Герцеговина нь хоёр субъектһээ бүридэдэг:
* {{noflag|[[Босни ба Герцеговинын Холбоон]]}}
* {{flag|Бүгэдэ Найрамдаха Сербын Улас}}
ба [[Брчко Дүүргэ]], өөрын захиргаантай административна ''дүүргэ''.<ref name="Stjepanović2015">{{cite journal|title=Dual Substate Citizenship as Institutional Innovation: The Case of Bosnia's Brčko District|journal=Nationalism and Ethnic Politics|date=2015|pages=382–383|first=Dejan|last=Stjepanović|volume=21|issue=4|doi=10.1080/13537113.2015.1095043|s2cid=146578107|issn=1353-7113|eissn=1557-2986|oclc=5927465455}}</ref>
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Ботсвана }}''' – Бүгэдэ Найрамдаха Ботсвана Улас
|<span style="display:none">A</span> НҮБ-ын гэшүүн улас
|<span style="display:none">A</span> Үгы
{{extent}}
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Бразил}}''' – Холбооной Бүгэдэ Найрамдаха Бразил Улас
|<span style="display:none">A</span> НҮБ-ын гэшүүн улас
|<span style="display:none">A</span> Үгы
{{extent}}Бразил нь [[Бразилай Можонууд|26 можонууд ба нэгэ холбооной дүүргэ]]һээ бүридэдэг [[холбооной улас|холбоон]] юм.
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Брүнэй }}''' – Брүнэй Гүрэн, Эб Найрамдалай Байра
|<span style="display:none">A</span> НҮБ-ын гэшүүн улас
|<span style="display:none">A</span> Үгы
{{extent}}
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Болгари}}''' – Бүгэдэ Найрамдаха Болгари Улас
|<span style="display:none">A</span> НҮБ-ын гэшүүн улас
|<span style="display:none">A</span> Үгы
{{extent}}ЕХ-ой Гэшүүн улас.
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Буркино-Фасо}}'''
|<span style="display:none">A</span> НҮБ-ын гэшүүн улас
|<span style="display:none">A</span> Үгы
{{extent}}
|-
| colspan="4" style="vertical-align:top;" |<span style="display:none">ZZZ</span>''Бирма → [[Улас оронуудай жагсаалта#Мьянма|Мьянмагай жагсаалтые харагты]]''
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Бурунди}}''' – Бүгэдэ Найрамдаха Бурунди Улас
|<span style="display:none">A</span> НҮБ-ын гэшүүн улас
|<span style="display:none">A</span> Үгы
{{extent}}
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Кампучи}}''' – Кампучиин Хаанта Улас
|<span style="display:none">A</span> НҮБ-ын гэшүүн улас
|<span style="display:none">A</span> Үгы
{{extent}}
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Камерун}}''' – Бүгэдэ Найрамдаха Камерун Улас
|<span style="display:none">A</span> НҮБ-ын гэшүүн улас
|<span style="display:none">A</span> Үгы
{{extent}}
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Канада}}'''
|<span style="display:none">A</span> НҮБ-ын гэшүүн улас
|<span style="display:none">A</span> Үгы
{{extent}}Канада нь [[Хамтын нүхэрлэлэй хаанта улас|Хамтын нүхэрлэлэй гүрэн]] ба [[Канадын можонууд ба нютагууд|арбан можонууд ба гурбан нютаг]]һаа [[Канадын федерализм|холбоон]] юм.
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Кабо-Верде}}''' – Бүгэдэ Найрамдаха Кабо-Верде Улас
|<span style="display:none">A</span> НҮБ-ын гэшүүн улас
|<span style="display:none">A</span> Үгы
{{extent}}
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Түб Африкын Бүгэдэ Найрамдаха Улас}}'''
|<span style="display:none">A</span> НҮБ-ын гэшүүн улас
|<span style="display:none">A</span> Үгы
{{extent}}
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Чад}}''' – Бүгэдэ Найрамдаха Чад Улас
|<span style="display:none">A</span> НҮБ-ын гэшүүн улас
|<span style="display:none">A</span> Үгы
{{extent}}
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Чили}}''' – Бүгэдэ Найрамдаха Чили Улас
|<span style="display:none">A</span> НҮБ-ын гэшүүн улас
|<span style="display:none">A</span><span style="display:none">A</span> Үгы
{{extent}}{{efn|Chile's [[Territorial claims in Antarctica|claimed]] Antarctic territory of the ''[[Chilean Antarctic Territory|Chilean Antarctic]]'' (''Antártica Chilena'') is a [[Communes of Chile|commune]] of the [[Antártica Chilena Province]] of the [[Magallanes Region]].|name="ChileanAntarctic"}}
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Хитад}}''' – Бүгэдэ Найрамдаха Хитад Арад Улас
|<span style="display:none">A</span> НҮБ-ын гэшүүн улас
| style="background:#fcc;" |[[Хитадай Гадаада Харилсаан#Бүгэдэ Найрамдаха Хитад Арад Уласай Уласхоорондын Мэдэрэлгэ|Зариманиинь зүбшөөгдэгүй]]. [[Бүгэдэ Найрамдаха Хитад Улас]] мэдээсэһэн
{{extent}}Хитад табан автономито оронһоо бүридэдэг, [[Гуанси - Чжуангай автономито орон|Гуанси]], [[Үбэр Монгол]], [[Нинся - Хотонгой автономито орон|Нинся]], [[Түбэдэй автономито орон|Түбэд]], ба [[Синьцзян - Уйгурай автономито орон|Синьцзян]]. Тэрээнһээ гадна, энэнь [[Хитадай Онсогой захиргаата оронууд|онсогой захиргаата орондо]] суверенитеттэй:
* {{flag|Хонконг}}
* {{flag|Макао}}
Хитад улас, бүхы Хитадые өөрын нютаг дэбисхэр гэжэ үзэдэг арсалдагша засаг захиргаа (Бүгэдэ Найрамдаха Хитад Улас) ударидадаг [[Улас оронуудай жагсаалта#Тайвань|Тайван]]иие абахые үнгэлзэжэ байгаа, болобошье хинадаггүй.
Хитадые [[Хитадай Гадаада Харилсаан#БНХАУ-тай дипломатическа харилсаагүй гүрэнүүд|{{numrec|Republic of China|link=N|N=1}}]] НҮБ-ын гэшүүн улас ба [[Ватикан]] зүбшөөхэгүй, ба, Бутанһаа бусадиинь, бүгэдэ Бүгэдэ Найрамдаха Хитад Уласые (Тайвань) зүбшөөдэг.
|-
| colspan="4" style="vertical-align:top;" |''Хитад улас, Бүгэдэ Найрамдаха → [[Улас оронуудай жагсаалта#Тайвань|Тайваниин жагсаалтые харагты]]''
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Колумби}}''' – Бүгэдэ Найрамдаха Колумби Улас
|<span style="display:none">A</span> НҮБ-ын гэшүүн улас
|<span style="display:none">A</span> Үгы
{{extent}}
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Коморой аралнууд}}''' – Коморой Холбоон
|<span style="display:none">A</span> НҮБ-ын гэшүүн улас
|<span style="display:none">A</span> Үгы
{{extent}}Комор нь [[Коморой Улас Түрэ#Автономито аралнууд|гурбан аралай]] [[холбооной улас|холбоон]] юм.
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Бүгэдэ Найрамдаха Арадшалһан Конго Улас}}'''
|<span style="display:none">A</span> НҮБ-ын гэшүүн улас
|<span style="display:none">A</span> Үгы
{{extent}}
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Бүгэдэ Найрамдаха Конго Улас}}'''
|<span style="display:none">A</span> НҮБ-ын гэшүүн улас
|<span style="display:none">A</span> Үгы
{{extent}}
|-
| colspan="4" style="vertical-align:top;" |<span style="display:none">ZZZ</span>''Кукай аралнууд → [[Улас оронуудай жагсаалта#Кукай аралнууд|Кукай аралнуудай жагсаалтые харагты]]''
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Коста-Рика }}''' – Бүгэдэ Найрамдаха Коста-Рика Улас
|<span style="display:none">A</span> НҮБ-ын гэшүүн улас
|<span style="display:none">A</span> Үгы
{{extent}}
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Хорвати}}''' – Бүгэдэ Найрамдаха Хорвати Улас
|<span style="display:none">A</span> НҮБ-ын гэшүүн улас
|<span style="display:none">A</span> Үгы
{{extent}}ЕХ-ой Гэшүүн улас.
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Куба}}''' – Бүгэдэ Найрамдаха Куба Улас
|<span style="display:none">A</span> НҮБ-ын гэшүүн улас
|<span style="display:none">A</span> Үгы
{{extent}}
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Кипр}}''' – Бүгэдэ Найрамдаха Кипр Улас
|<span style="display:none">A</span> НҮБ-ын гэшүүн улас
| style="background:#fcc;" |[[Улас оронуудай жагсаалта#Түрэг|Түрэг]] зүбшөөгдэгүй<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2010/OPINION/07/07/kakouris.cyprus/|publisher=CNN|title=Cyprus is not at peace with Turkey|author=Andreas S. Kakouris|date=9 July 2010|access-date=17 May 2014|quote=Turkey stands alone in violation of the will of the international community. It is the only country to recognize the "TRNC" and is the only country that does not recognize the Republic of Cyprus and its government.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140518074323/http://www.cnn.com/2010/OPINION/07/07/kakouris.cyprus/|archive-date=18 May 2014|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref><!-- and [[#Northern Cyprus|Northern Cyprus]]{{cn|date=17 May 2014}} -->
{{extent}}ЕХ-ой Гэшүүн улас. Аралай зүү-хойто хэсэг нь ''де-факто'' [[Улас оронуудай жагсаалта#Хойто Кипр|Хойто Кипр]] гүрэн юм.
[[Кипрын арсалдаан]]ай уламһаа [[Улас оронуудай жагсаалта#Түрэг|Түрэг]] улас Кипрые зүбшөөдэггүй, ба Түрэг [[Улас оронуудай жагсаалта#Хойто Кипр|Хойто Кипрые]] зүбшөөдэг.
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag| Бүгэдэ Найрамдаха Чехи Улас}}'''{{efn|A simpler official short name has been encouraged by the Czech government, "''Czechia''". This variant remains uncommon, but has been adopted by several companies and organisations. See [[Name of the Czech Republic]].}}
|<span style="display:none">A</span> НҮБ-ын гэшүүн улас
|<span style="display:none">A</span> Үгы
{{extent}}ЕХ-ой Гэшүүн улас.
|-
| colspan="4" style="vertical-align:top;" |<span style="display:none">ZZZ</span>''Бүгэдэ Найрамдаха Арадшалһан Солонгос Арадай Улас'' ''→ [[Улас оронуудай жагсаалта#Солонгос, Хойто|Солонгос, Хойто]] [[Улас оронуудай жагсаалта#Тайвань|жагсаалтые харагты]]''
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |<span id="Denmark"></span>'''{{flag|Дани}}''' – Даниин Хаанта Улас
|<span style="display:none">A</span> НҮБ-ын гэшүүн улас
|<span style="display:none">A</span> Үгы
{{extent}}Ех-ой Гэшүүн улас.{{efn|name="EU"}} The [[Даниин Хаанта Улас]] 2 өөртөө заһаха нютагтай:
* {{flag|Фарерай аралнууд}}
* {{flag|Гренланд}}
Даниин захиргаанай нютаг, Фарерай аралнууд ба Гренландынь Хаанта уласай гурбан уласые бүридүүлдэг.{{efn|The designation "Denmark" can refer either to metropolitan Denmark or to the entire Danish Realm (for example in international organizations).}} Данийн Хаанта Улас бүхэлидөө ЕХ-ой гэшүүн болобошье ЕХ-ой хуули (ехэнхи үедэ) Фарерай аралнууд ба Гренландтай [[Гренландын хэрээ|хамаархадаггүй]]. [[Гренланд ба Европын Холбоо]], ба [[Фарерай аралнууд ба Европын Холбоо]] хуудаһые нэмэлтэ мэдээсэлэй түлөө харагты.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.stm.dk/_p_12710.html |title=Home Rule Act of the Faroe Islands : No. 137 of March 23, 1948 |website=Statsministeriat |location=Copenhagen |access-date=20 May 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910005827/http://www.stm.dk/_p_12710.html |archive-date=10 September 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.stm.dk/_p_12712.html |title=The Greenland Home Rule Act : Act No. 577 of 29 November 1978 |website=Statsministeriat |location=Copenhagen |access-date=20 May 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140214060548/http://www.stm.dk/_p_12712.html |archive-date=14 February 2014 }}</ref>
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Джибути}}''' – Бүгэдэ Найрамдаха Джибути Улас
|<span style="display:none">A</span> НҮБ-ын гэшүүн улас
|<span style="display:none">A</span> Үгы
{{extent}}
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Доминика}}''' – Доминиканы Хамтын Нүхэрлэл
|<span style="display:none">A</span> НҮБ-ын гэшүүн улас
|<span style="display:none">A</span> Үгы
{{extent}}
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Бүгэдэ Найрамдаха Доминикана Улас}}'''
|<span style="display:none">A</span> НҮБ-ын гэшүүн улас
|<span style="display:none">A</span> Үгы
{{extent}}
|-
|style="vertical-align:top;"colspan="4"|<span style="display:none">ZZZ</span>''Бүгэдэ Найрамдаха Донецк Арад Улас → [[#Бүгэдэ Найрамдаха Донецк Арад Улас|Бүгэдэ Найрамдаха Донецк Арад Улас жагсаалтые харагты]]''
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Зүүн Тимор}}''' – Бүгэдэ Найрамдаха Арадшалһан Тимор-Лесте Улас{{efn|Зүүн Тиморой засагай газар "Тимор-Лесте" нэрые уласай албан Англи нэрээр ашагладаг.}}
|<span style="display:none">A</span> НҮБ-ын гэшүүн улас
|<span style="display:none">A</span> Үгы
{{extent}}
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Эквадор}}''' – Бүгэдэ Найрамдаха Эквадор Улас
|<span style="display:none">A</span> НҮБ-ын гэшүүн улас
|<span style="display:none">A</span> Үгы
{{extent}}
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Египет}}''' – Араб Бүгэдэ Найрамдаха Египет Улас
|<span style="display:none">A</span> НҮБ-ын гэшүүн улас
|<span style="display:none">A</span> Үгы
{{extent}}
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Сальвадор}}''' – Бүгэдэ Найрамдаха Сальвадор Улас
|<span style="display:none">A</span> НҮБ-ын гэшүүн улас
|<span style="display:none">A</span> Үгы
{{extent}}
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Экваторын Гвиней}}''' – Бүгэдэ Найрамдаха Экваторын Гвиней Улас
|<span style="display:none">A</span> НҮБ-ын гэшүүн улас
|<span style="display:none">A</span> Үгы
{{extent}}
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Эритрей}}''' – Эритрей Гүрэн
|<span style="display:none">A</span> НҮБ-ын гэшүүн улас
|<span style="display:none">A</span> Үгы
{{extent}}
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Эстони}}''' – Бүгэдэ Найрамдаха Эстони Улас
|<span style="display:none">A</span> НҮБ-ын гэшүүн улас
|<span style="display:none">A</span> Үгы
{{extent}}ЕХ-ой Гэшүүн улас.{{efn|name="EU"}}
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Eswatini}}''' – Kingdom of Eswatini{{efn|Formerly referred to as the Kingdom of Swaziland, its official name until 2018.}}
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Ethiopia}}''' – Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Ethiopia is a [[federation]] of [[Regions of Ethiopia|nine regions and two chartered cities]].<!--The European Union is not a sovereign state and should not be included-->
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Fiji}}''' – Republic of Fiji
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Fiji contains one autonomous region, [[Rotuma]].{{efn|name="autonomous"}}<ref>{{Cite book|title=Laws of Fiji|place=Suva, Fiji|publisher=Government of Fiji|year=1927|edition=1978|chapter=Rotuma Act|chapter-url=http://www.itc.gov.fj/lawnet/fiji_act/cap122.html|access-date=10 July 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100621140255/http://www.itc.gov.fj/lawnet/fiji_act/cap122.html|archive-date=21 June 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Government of Fiji, Office of the Prime Minister|title=Chapter 122: Rotuma Act|work=Laws of Fiji|publisher=[[University of the South Pacific]]|year=1978|url=http://www.paclii.org/fj/legis/consol_act/ra103/|access-date=10 November 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110301163146/http://www.paclii.org/fj/legis/consol_act/ra103/|archive-date=1 March 2011|url-status=live|df=dmy-all|accessdate=2 February 2022|archivedate=1 March 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110301163146/http://www.paclii.org/fj/legis/consol_act/ra103/}}</ref>
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Finland}}''' – Republic of Finland
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Member of the EU.{{efn|name="EU"}}
* {{flag|Åland}} is a neutral and demilitarised autonomous region of Finland.{{efn|name="autonomous"}}{{efn|[[Åland]] was demilitarised by the [[Treaty of Paris (1856)|Treaty of Paris]] in 1856, which was later affirmed by the [[League of Nations]] in 1921, and in a somewhat different context reaffirmed in the treaty on Finland's admission to the European Union in 1995.}}
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|France}}''' – French Republic
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Member of the EU.{{efn|name="EU"}} France contains five [[Overseas department and region|overseas regions/departments]]; [[French Guiana]], [[Guadeloupe]], [[Martinique]], [[Mayotte]], and [[Réunion]]. France also includes the [[Overseas France|overseas territories]] of:
* {{noflag|[[Clipperton Island]]}}
* {{flag|French Polynesia}}
* {{flag|New Caledonia}}
* {{noflag|[[Saint Barthélemy]]}}
* {{noflag|[[Collectivity of Saint Martin|Saint Martin]]}}
* {{noflag|[[Saint Pierre and Miquelon]]}}
* {{noflag|[[Wallis and Futuna]]}}
* {{flag|French Southern and Antarctic Lands}}{{efn|France's [[Territorial claims in Antarctica|claimed]] Antarctic territory of ''[[Adélie Land]]'' (''Terre Adélie'') is one of five constituent districts of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands.|name="Adélie"}}
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Gabon}}''' – Gabonese Republic
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Gambia, The}}''' – Republic of The Gambia<ref>{{cite web|title=The Gambia profile|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13376517|website=BBC News|access-date=12 March 2018|date=14 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180311064543/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13376517|archive-date=11 March 2018|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Georgia}}'''
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Georgia contains two autonomous republics, [[Adjara]] and [[Government of the Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia|Abkhazia]].{{efn|name="autonomous"}} In [[Улас оронуудай жагсаалта#Abkhazia|Abkhazia]] and [[Улас оронуудай жагсаалта#South Ossetia|South Ossetia]], ''de facto'' states have been formed.
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Germany}}''' – Federal Republic of Germany
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Member of the EU.{{efn|name="EU"}} Germany is a [[federation]] of [[States of Germany|16 states]].
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Ghana}}''' – Republic of Ghana
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Greece}}''' – Hellenic Republic
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Member of the EU.{{efn|name="EU"}} Greece contains one autonomous area, [[Mount Athos]].<ref>Constitution of Greece, Art. 105.</ref>
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Grenada}}'''
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Grenada is a [[Commonwealth realm]].{{efn|name="realm"}}
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Guatemala}}''' – Republic of Guatemala
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Guinea}}''' – Republic of Guinea{{efn|Also known as Guinea-Conakry.}}
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Guinea-Bissau}}''' – Republic of Guinea-Bissau
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Guyana}}''' – Co-operative Republic of Guyana
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Haiti}}''' – Republic of Haiti
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
| colspan="4" style="vertical-align:top;" |<span style="display:none">ZZZ</span>''Holy See → [[Улас оронуудай жагсаалта#Vatican City|See Vatican City listing]]''
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Honduras}}''' – Republic of Honduras
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Hungary}}'''
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Member of the EU.{{efn|name="EU"}}
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Iceland}}'''{{efn|While sometimes referred to as the "Republic of Iceland"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/281235/Iceland|title=Iceland - Culture, History, & People|access-date=2 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718220132/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/281235/Iceland|archive-date=18 July 2011|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://unstats.un.org/unsd/geoinfo/ungegn/docs/26th-gegn-docs/WP/WP54_UNGEGN%20WG%20Country%20Names%20Document%202011.pdf |title=Working Paper No. 54 : UNGEGN list of country names (Prepared by the United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names) |location=Vienna |date=May 2011 |access-date=2 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811023432/https://unstats.un.org/unsd/geoinfo/ungegn/docs/26th-gegn-docs/WP/WP54_UNGEGN%20WG%20Country%20Names%20Document%202011.pdf |archive-date=11 August 2011 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all |website=unstats.un.org }}</ref> and sometimes its counterpart ''Lýðveldið Ísland'' in Icelandic, the official name of the country is simply "Iceland".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.visindavefur.is/svar.php?id=54970|title=Hvert er formlegt heiti landsins okkar?|access-date=2 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722022935/http://visindavefur.is/svar.php?id=54970|archive-date=22 July 2011|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> One example of the former is the name of the [[Constitution of Iceland]], which in Icelandic is ''Stjórnarskrá lýðveldisins Íslands'' and literally means "the Constitution of the republic of Iceland". However, note that in this usage "republic" is not capitalised.|name="Republic"}}
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|India}}''' – Republic of India
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}India is a [[federation]] of [[States and territories of India|28 states and eight union territories]].
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Indonesia}}''' – Republic of Indonesia
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Indonesia has five autonomous [[Provinces of Indonesia|provinces]], [[Aceh]], [[Jakarta]], [[Papua (province)|Papua]], [[West Papua (province)|West Papua]], and [[Special Region of Yogyakarta|Yogyakarta]].{{efn|name="autonomous"}}
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Iran}}''' – Islamic Republic of Iran
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Iraq}}''' – Republic of Iraq
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Iraq is a [[federation]]{{efn|name="federal"}}<ref>[http://portal.unesco.org/ci/en/files/20704/11332732681iraqi_constitution_en.pdf/iraqi_constitution_en.pdf Iraqi constitution] {{webarchive|url=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20160518175432/http://portal.unesco.org/ci/en/files/20704/11332732681iraqi_constitution_en.pdf/iraqi_constitution_en.pdf|date=18 May 2016}}</ref> of [[Governorates of Iraq|19 governorates]], four of which make up the autonomous [[Kurdistan Region]].{{efn|name="autonomous"}}
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Ireland}}'''{{efn|"Ireland" is the official name of the country in English. "Republic of Ireland" (the official ''description'' in English) and "Éire" (the official name in Irish) have sometimes been used unofficially to distinguish the state from the larger [[Ireland|island of Ireland]], however, this is officially deprecated.<ref>{{cite journal |journal=Journal of British Studies |volume=46 |pages=72–90 |number=1 |date=January 2007 |publisher=Cambridge University Press on behalf of The North American Conference on British Studies |doi=10.1086/508399 |jstor=10.1086/508399 |title=The Irish Free State/Éire/Republic of Ireland/Ireland: "A Country by Any Other Name"? |last=Daly |first=Mary E. |doi-access=free }}</ref> See [[names of the Irish state]].}}
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Member of the EU.{{efn|name="EU"}}
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Israel}}''' – State of Israel
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
| style="background:#fcc;" |[[International recognition of Israel|Partially unrecognised]]
{{extent}}Israel exerts strong control over the territory claimed by [[Улас оронуудай жагсаалта#Palestine|Palestine]]. It has annexed [[East Jerusalem]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.knesset.gov.il/laws/special/eng/basic10_eng.htm|title=Basic Law: Jerusalem, Capital of Israel|website=www.knesset.gov.il|access-date=7 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140905144734/http://www.knesset.gov.il/laws/special/eng/basic10_eng.htm|archive-date=5 September 2014|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> an act not recognised by the international community.<ref name="dis">{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2070.html|title=Disputes: International|publisher=CIA World Factbook|access-date=8 November 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110514215411/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2070.html|archive-date=14 May 2011|url-status=live|df=dmy-all|accessdate=2 February 2022|archivedate=4 April 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140404200356/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2070.html}}</ref> Israel has [[West Bank Areas in the Oslo II Accord|varying levels of control]] over the rest of the [[West Bank]], and although it ended its [[Israel's unilateral disengagement plan|permanent civilian or military presence]] in the [[Gaza Strip]], it is still considered to be the occupying power under international law.<ref>{{cite web|last=Bell|first=Abraham|title=International Law and Gaza: The Assault on Israel's Right to Self-Defense|work=Jerusalem Issue Brief, Vol. 7, No. 29|publisher=Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs|date=28 January 2008|url=http://www.jcpa.org/brief/brief005-3.htm|access-date=16 July 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100621082606/http://jcpa.org/brief/brief005-3.htm|archive-date=21 June 2010|url-status=live|df=dmy-all|accessdate=2 February 2022|archivedate=21 June 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100621082606/http://jcpa.org/brief/brief005-3.htm}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Salih|first=Zak M.|title=Panelists Disagree Over Gaza's Occupation Status|publisher=[[University of Virginia School of Law]]|date=17 November 2005|url=http://www.law.virginia.edu/html/news/2005_fall/gaza.htm|access-date=16 July 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303200844/http://www.law.virginia.edu/html/news/2005_fall/gaza.htm|archive-date=3 March 2016|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all|accessdate=2 February 2022|archivedate=3 March 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303200844/http://www.law.virginia.edu/html/news/2005_fall/gaza.htm}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Israel: 'Disengagement' Will Not End Gaza Occupation|publisher=Human Rights Watch|date=29 October 2004|url=https://www.hrw.org/english/docs/2004/10/29/isrlpa9577.htm|access-date=16 July 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081101210931/http://hrw.org/english/docs/2004/10/29/isrlpa9577.htm|archive-date=1 November 2008|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="occ">{{cite journal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hYiIWVlpFzEC&pg=PA429|page=429|first=Andrew|last=Sanger|title=The Contemporary Law of Blockade and the Gaza Freedom Flotilla|journal=Yearbook of International Humanitarian Law 2010|volume=13|editor=M.N. Schmitt|editor2=Louise Arimatsu|editor3=Tim McCormack|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|date=2011|isbn=978-90-6704-811-8|quote=It is this direct external control over Gaza and indirect control over life within Gaza that has led the United Nations, the UN General Assembly, the UN Fact Finding Mission to Gaza, International human rights organisations, US Government websites, the UK Foreign and Commonwealth Office and a significant number of legal commentators, to reject the argument that Gaza is no longer occupied.|doi=10.1007/978-90-6704-811-8_14|series=Yearbook of International Humanitarian Law}}* {{cite book|title=International Law and the Classification of Conflicts|editor=Elizabeth Wilmshurst|first=Iain|last=Scobbie|author-link=Iain Scobbie|publisher=Oxford University Press|date=2012|isbn=978-0-19-965775-9|page=295|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GM90Xp03uuEC&pg=PA295|quote=Even after the accession to power of Hamas, Israel's claim that it no longer occupies Gaza has not been accepted by UN bodies, most States, nor the majority of academic commentators because of its exclusive control of its border with Gaza and crossing points including the effective control it exerted over the Rafah crossing until at least May 2011, its control of Gaza's maritime zones and airspace which constitute what Aronson terms the 'security envelope' around Gaza, as well as its ability to intervene forcibly at will in Gaza.}}
* {{cite book|title=Prefiguring Peace: Israeli-Palestinian Peacebuilding Partnerships|first=Michelle|last=Gawerc|publisher=Lexington Books|date=2012|isbn=9780739166109|page=44|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Hka8FZ4UdWUC&pg=PA44|quote=In other words, while Israel maintained that its occupation of Gaza ended with its unilateral disengagement Palestinians – as well as many human right organizations and international bodies – argued that Gaza was by all intents and purposes still occupied.}}</ref> Israel is not recognised as a state by [[International recognition of Israel|28 UN members]] and the [[Улас оронуудай жагсаалта#SADR|Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic]]. The [[Palestine Liberation Organization]], recognised by a majority of UN member states as the representative of the Palestinian people, [[Israel–Palestine Liberation Organization letters of recognition|recognised in Israel in 1993]].
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Italy}}''' – Italian Republic
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Member of the EU.{{efn|name="EU"}} [[Italy]] has 5 autonomous regions, [[Aosta Valley]], [[Friuli-Venezia Giulia]], [[Sardinia]], [[Sicily]] and [[Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol]].{{efn|name="autonomous"}}
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Ivory Coast}}''' – Republic of Côte d'Ivoire{{efn|The government of Ivory Coast uses "Côte d'Ivoire" as the official English name of the country.}}
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Jamaica}}'''
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Jamaica is a [[Commonwealth realm]].{{efn|name="realm"}}
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Japan}}'''
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Jordan}}''' – Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Kazakhstan}}''' – Republic of Kazakhstan
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Kenya}}''' – Republic of Kenya
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Kiribati}}''' – Republic of Kiribati
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Korea, North}}''' – Democratic People's Republic of Korea
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
| style="background:#fcc;" |{{claimedby|SKOREA}}
{{extent}}North Korea is not recognised by three UN members, [[Улас оронуудай жагсаалта#France|France]], [[Улас оронуудай жагсаалта#Japan|Japan]], and [[Улас оронуудай жагсаалта#Korea South|South Korea]], the last of which claims to be the sole legitimate government of [[Korea]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ioc.u-tokyo.ac.jp/~worldjpn/documents/texts/docs/19650622.T1E.html|title=Treaty on Basic Relations between Japan and the Republic of Korea|access-date=27 October 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090313123054/http://www.ioc.u-tokyo.ac.jp/~worldjpn/documents/texts/docs/19650622.T1E.html|archive-date=13 March 2009|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Korea, South}}''' – Republic of Korea
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
| style="background:#fcc;" |{{claimedby|NKOREA}}
{{extent}}South Korea has one autonomous region, [[Jeju Island|Jejudo]].{{efn|name="autonomous"}}<ref>{{cite web|author=Keun Min|title=Greetings|publisher=Jeju Special Self-Governing Province|url=http://english.jeju.go.kr/contents/index.php?mid=02|access-date=10 November 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130502123553/http://english.jeju.go.kr/contents/index.php?mid=02|archive-date=2 May 2013|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> South Korea is not recognised by [[Улас оронуудай жагсаалта#Korea North|North Korea]], which claims to be the sole legitimate government of [[Korea]].
|-
| colspan="4" style="vertical-align:top;" |<span style="display:none">ZZZ</span>''Kosovo → [[Улас оронуудай жагсаалта#Kosovo|See Kosovo listing]]''
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Kuwait}}''' – State of Kuwait
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Kyrgyzstan}}''' – Kyrgyz Republic
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Laos}}''' – Lao People's Democratic Republic
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Latvia}}''' – Republic of Latvia
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Member of the EU.{{efn|name="EU"}}
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Lebanon}}''' – Lebanese Republic
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Lesotho}}''' – Kingdom of Lesotho
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Liberia}}''' – Republic of Liberia
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Libya}}''' – State of Libya
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Liechtenstein}}''' – Principality of Liechtenstein
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Lithuania}}''' – Republic of Lithuania
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Member of the EU.{{efn|name="EU"}}
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Luxembourg}}''' – Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Member of the EU.{{efn|name="EU"}}
|-
| colspan="4" style="vertical-align:top;" |<span style="display:none">ZZZ</span>''Macedonia → [[Улас оронуудай жагсаалта#North Macedonia|See North Macedonia listing]]''
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Madagascar}}''' – Republic of Madagascar
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Malawi}}''' – Republic of Malawi
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Malaysia}}'''
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Malaysia is a [[federation]] of [[States and federal territories of Malaysia|13 states and three federal territories]].
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Maldives}}''' – Republic of Maldives
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Mali}}''' – Republic of Mali
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Malta}}''' – Republic of Malta
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Member of the EU.{{efn|name="EU"}}
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Marshall Islands}}''' – Republic of the Marshall Islands
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Under [[Compact of Free Association]] with the [[Улас оронуудай жагсаалта#United States|United States]].
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Mauritania}}''' – Islamic Republic of Mauritania
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Mauritius}}''' – Republic of Mauritius
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Mauritius has an autonomous island, [[Rodrigues]].{{efn|name="autonomous"}}
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Mexico}}''' – United Mexican States
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Mexico is a [[federation]] of [[Political divisions of Mexico|31 states and one autonomous city]]. The [[Rebel Zapatista Autonomous Municipalities]] have de facto autonomy.
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Micronesia}}''' – Federated States of Micronesia
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Under [[Compact of Free Association]] with the [[Улас оронуудай жагсаалта#United States|United States]]. The Federated States of Micronesia is a [[federation]] of [[Administrative divisions of the Federated States of Micronesia|four states]].
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Moldova}}''' – Republic of Moldova
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Moldova has the [[Autonomous territorial unit|autonomous regions]] of [[Gagauzia]] and the [[Administrative-Territorial Units of the Left Bank of the Dniester|Left Bank of the Dniester]]. The latter and a city, [[Bender, Moldova|Bender]] (Tighina), is under the ''de facto'' control of [[Улас оронуудай жагсаалта#Transnistria|Transnistria]].
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Monaco}}''' – Principality of Monaco
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Mongolia}}'''
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Montenegro}}'''
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Morocco}}''' – Kingdom of Morocco
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Part of the Moroccan-claimed [[Western Sahara]] is controlled by the partially recognised [[Улас оронуудай жагсаалта#SADR|Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic]].
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Mozambique}}''' – Republic of Mozambique
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Myanmar}}''' – Republic of the Union of Myanmar{{efn|The country's official name of Myanmar, adopted in 1989, has been mixed and controversial, with the former name Burma still being used in many cases. See [[Names of Myanmar]].}}
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}[[Wa State]] is a de facto autonomous state within Myanmar. The United Nations currently recognises the [[National Unity Government of Myanmar]] as the government of Myanmar instead of the ''de facto'' ruling government, the [[State Administration Council]].<ref name="UN_Seats_Denied" />
|-
| colspan="4" style="vertical-align:top;" |<span style="display:none">ZZZ</span>''Nagorno-Karabakh → [[Улас оронуудай жагсаалта#Artsakh|See Artsakh listing]]''
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Namibia}}''' – Republic of Namibia
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Nauru}}''' – Republic of Nauru
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Nepal}}''' – Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Nepal is a [[federation]] composed of [[Provinces of Nepal|7 provinces]].
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flagcountry|Kingdom of the Netherlands}}'''<!--Link to state instead of country--> – Kingdom of the Netherlands<!-- Note that metropolitan Netherlands is not the sovereign state, the Kingdom is—see [[Kingdom of the Netherlands#The distinction between the Netherlands and "the Kingdom"]]. -->
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Member of the EU.{{efn|name="EU"}} The [[Kingdom of the Netherlands]] includes four areas with substantial autonomy:
* {{flag|Aruba}}
* {{flag|Curaçao}}
* {{flag|Netherlands}}
* {{flag|Sint Maarten}}
Metropolitan Netherlands, Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten form the four constituent countries of the Kingdom. Three overseas parts of the Netherlands ([[Bonaire]], [[Saba]] and [[Sint Eustatius]]) are [[Caribbean Netherlands|special municipalities]] of metropolitan Netherlands.{{efn|The designation "Netherlands" can refer either to metropolitan [[Netherlands]] or to the entire [[Kingdom of the Netherlands|Kingdom]] (e.g. in international organizations).}} The Kingdom of the Netherlands as a whole is a member of the EU, but EU law applies only to parts within Europe.
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|New Zealand}}'''
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}New Zealand is a [[Commonwealth realm]],{{efn|name="realm"}} and has one dependent territory and one [[Territorial claims in Antarctica|claimed]] Antarctic dependent territory:
* {{flag|Tokelau}}
* ''{{noflag|[[Ross Dependency]]}}''
The [[New Zealand Government]] acts for the entire [[Realm of New Zealand]] in all international contexts, which has responsibilities for (but no rights of control over) two freely [[Associated state|associated states]]:
* {{flag|Cook Islands}}
* {{flag|Niue}}
The Cook Islands and Niue have diplomatic relations with {{Numrel|CK||alt2=}} and {{Numrel|Niue||alt2=}} UN members respectively.<ref>{{cite web|author=Federal Foreign Office of Germany|title=Beziehungen zu Deutschland|publisher=Government of Germany|date=November 2009|url=http://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/diplo/de/Laenderinformationen/Cookinseln/Bilateral.html|access-date=16 July 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100723070259/http://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/diplo/de/Laenderinformationen/Cookinseln/Bilateral.html|archive-date=23 July 2010|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}} For more information, see [[Foreign relations of the Cook Islands]].</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Republic of Nauru Permanent Mission to the United Nations|title=Foreign Affairs|publisher=United Nations|url=http://www.un.int/nauru/foreignaffairs.html|access-date=16 July 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141004083335/http://www.un.int/nauru/foreignaffairs.html|archive-date=4 October 2014}}</ref> They have full treaty-making capacity in the UN,<ref name="untreaty1">{{cite web|url=http://untreaty.un.org/cod/repertory/art102/english/rep_supp8_vol6-art102_e_advance.pdf|title=Article 102, Repertory of Practice of United Nations Organs, Supplement No. 8, Volume VI (1989–1994)|website=untreaty.un.org|access-date=15 July 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120403031600/http://untreaty.un.org/cod/repertory/art102/english/rep_supp8_vol6-art102_e_advance.pdf|archive-date=3 April 2012|df=mdy-all|accessdate=2 February 2022|archivedate=23 July 2004|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20040723045746/http://untreaty.un.org/cod/repertory/art102/english/rep_supp8_vol6-art102_e_advance.pdf}}</ref> and are members of some [[List of specialized agencies of the United Nations|UN specialized agencies]].
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Nicaragua}}''' – Republic of Nicaragua
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Nicaragua contains two autonomous regions, [[Región Autónoma del Atlántico Sur|Atlántico Sur]] and [[Región Autónoma del Atlántico Norte|Atlántico Norte]].{{efn|name="autonomous"}}
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Niger}}''' – Republic of Niger
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Nigeria}}''' – Federal Republic of Nigeria
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Nigeria is a [[federation]] of [[States of Nigeria|36 states and one federal territory]].
|-
| colspan="4" style="vertical-align:top;" |<span style="display:none">ZZZ</span>''Niue → [[Улас оронуудай жагсаалта#Niue|See Niue listing]]''
|-
| colspan="4" style="vertical-align:top;" |<span style="display:none">ZZZ</span>''North Korea → [[Улас оронуудай жагсаалта#Korea North|See Korea, North listing]]''
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|North Macedonia}}''' – Republic of North Macedonia{{efn|Formerly known constitutionally as the "Republic of Macedonia" from 1991 to 2019 and under the international designation of "the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia" (FYROM) from 1993 to 2019 due to the [[Macedonia naming dispute]] with [[Greece]]. Following the [[Prespa agreement]] going into effect in February 2019, the country was renamed "North Macedonia".}}
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
| colspan="4" style="vertical-align:top;" |<span style="display:none">ZZZ</span>''Northern Cyprus → [[Улас оронуудай жагсаалта#Northern Cyprus|See Northern Cyprus listing]]''
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Norway}}''' – Kingdom of Norway
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Norway has two [[Unincorporated area|unincorporated areas]] in Europe:
* {{noflag|[[Svalbard]]}} is an integral part of Norway, but has a special status due to the [[Svalbard Treaty]].
* {{noflag|[[Jan Mayen]]}} is an uninhabited island that is an integral part of Norway, although unincorporated.
Norway has one [[Dependencies of Norway|dependent territory]] and two [[Territorial claims in Antarctica|claimed]] Antarctic dependent territories in the [[Southern Hemisphere]]:
* {{noflag|[[Bouvet Island]]}}
* ''{{noflag|[[Peter I Island]]}}''
* ''{{noflag|[[Queen Maud Land]]}}''
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Oman}}''' – Sultanate of Oman
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Pakistan}}''' – Islamic Republic of Pakistan
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Pakistan is a [[federation]] of [[Subdivisions of Pakistan|four provinces and one capital territory]]. Pakistan exercises control over certain portions of [[Kashmir]], but has not officially annexed any of it,<ref>Constitution of Pakistan, Art. 1.</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Aslam, Tasnim|title=Pakistan Does Not Claim Kashmir As An Integral Part...|url=http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?233374|newspaper=Outlook India|publisher=The Outlook Group|date=11 December 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111213213928/http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?233374|archive-date=13 December 2011|url-status=live|df=dmy-all|access-date=27 February 2011}}</ref> instead regarding it as a disputed territory.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Williams|first=Kristen P.|title=Despite nationalist conflicts: theory and practice of maintaining world peace|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|year=2001|pages=154–155|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OYmurpH3ahsC|isbn=978-0-275-96934-9}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Pruthi|first=R.K.|title=An Encyclopaedic Survey Of Global Terrorism In 21St Century|publisher=Anmol Publications Pvt. Ltd.|year=2001|pages=120–121|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C3yDkKDbZ3YC|isbn=978-81-261-1091-9}}</ref> The portions that it controls are divided into two territories, administered separately from Pakistan proper:
* {{flag|Azad Kashmir}}
* {{flag|Gilgit-Baltistan}}
Azad Kashmir describes itself as a "self-governing state under Pakistani control", while Gilgit-Baltistan is described in its governance order as a group of "areas" with self-government.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://home.ajk.gov.pk/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=72&catid=14|title=Archived copy|access-date=2014-07-28|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812174212/http://home.ajk.gov.pk/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=72&catid=14|archive-date=12 August 2014|df=dmy-all|accessdate=2022-02-02|archivedate=2014-08-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812174212/http://home.ajk.gov.pk/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=72&catid=14}}</ref><ref name="gbtribune.files.wordpress.com">{{cite web|url=http://gbtribune.files.wordpress.com/2012/09/self-governance-order-2009.pdf|title=To Be Published In The Next Issue Of The|access-date=28 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140905063539/http://gbtribune.files.wordpress.com/2012/09/self-governance-order-2009.pdf|archive-date=5 September 2014|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="AJ&KHistory">{{cite web|url=http://www.ajk.gov.pk/history.php|title=AJ&K History|access-date=6 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180106174235/http://www.ajk.gov.pk/history.php|archive-date=6 January 2018|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> These territories are not usually regarded as sovereign, as they do not fulfil the criteria set out by the declarative theory of statehood (for example, their current laws do not allow them to engage independently in relations with other states). Several state functions of these territories (such as foreign affairs and defence) are performed by Pakistan.<ref name="gbtribune.files.wordpress.com" /><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z-aRAwAAQBAJ&q=azad+kashmir+gilgit+baltistan&pg=PA1100|title=Political Handbook of the World 2014|access-date=5 October 2014|isbn=9781483333281|last1=Lansford|first1=Tom|date=2014-04-08}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ajkassembly.gok.pk/AJK_Interim_Constitution_Act_1974.pdf#|title=The Azad Jammu And Kashmir Interim Constitution Act, 1974|format=PDF|access-date=28 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131013171853/http://www.ajkassembly.gok.pk/AJK_Interim_Constitution_Act_1974.pdf|archive-date=13 October 2013|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Palau}}''' – Republic of Palau
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Under [[Compact of Free Association]] with the [[Улас оронуудай жагсаалта#United States|United States]].
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flagcountry|State of Palestine}}''' – State of Palestine
| style="background:#ddf;" |<span style="display:none">A</span> [[United Nations General Assembly observers|UN General Assembly observer state]]; member of 2 [[List of specialized agencies of the United Nations|UN specialized agencies]]<!-- {{cn|date=April 2021}} -- it appears that the convention on this page is to keep details and citations to the last column, which is where the details and citations for this claim can be found -->
| style="background:#fcc;" |[[International recognition of the State of Palestine|Partially unrecognised]].
{{extent}}The State of Palestine, declared in 1988, is not recognised as a state by Israel but has received diplomatic recognition from {{Numrec|Pal}} states.<ref>{{cite web|author=Palestine Liberation Organization|title=Road For Palestinian Statehood: Recognition and Admission|url=http://www.nad-plo.org/etemplate.php?id=5|publisher=Negotiations Affairs Department|access-date=28 July 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110818214013/http://www.nad-plo.org/etemplate.php?id=5|archive-date=18 August 2011|df=mdy-all}}</ref> The proclaimed state has no agreed territorial borders, or effective control over much of the territory that it proclaimed.<ref>See the following on statehood criteria:
* {{cite web|author=Mendes, Errol|title=Statehood and Palestine for the purposes of Article 12 (3) of the ICC Statute|url=http://uclalawforum.com/media/background/gaza/2010-03-30_Mendes-Memo.pdf|pages=28, 33|date=30 March 2010|access-date=17 April 2011|postscript=:|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110831190057/http://uclalawforum.com/media/background/gaza/2010-03-30_Mendes-Memo.pdf|archive-date=31 August 2011|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}} "...the Palestinian State also meets the traditional criteria under the Montevideo Convention..."; "...the fact that a majority of states have recognised Palestine as a State should easily fulfil the requisite state practice".
* {{cite journal|author=McKinney, Kathryn M.|title=The Legal Effects of the Israeli-PLO Declaration ofPrinciples: Steps Toward Statehood for Palestine|url=http://lawpublications.seattleu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1438&context=sulr&sei-redir=1#search=%22palestine+%22constitutive+theory%22+statehood%22|journal=Seattle University Law Review|volume=18|issue=93|year=1994|page=97|publisher=Seattle University|access-date=17 April 2011|postscript=:|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722063030/http://lawpublications.seattleu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1438&context=sulr&sei-redir=1#search=%22palestine+%22constitutive+theory%22+statehood%22|archive-date=22 July 2011|df=dmy-all}} {{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://lawpublications.seattleu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1438&context=sulr&sei-redir=1 |accessdate=2 February 2022 |archivedate=22 July 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722063030/http://lawpublications.seattleu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1438&context=sulr&sei-redir=1 }} "It is possible, however, to argue for Palestinian statehood based on the constitutive theory".
* {{cite journal|author=McDonald, Avril|title=Operation Cast Lead: Drawing the Battle Lines of the Legal Dispute|url=https://litigation-essentials.lexisnexis.com/webcd/app?action=DocumentDisplay&crawlid=1&doctype=cite&docid=16+Hum.+Rts.+Br.+25&srctype=smi&srcid=3B15&key=74ccae52ba220673512e7784449388f0|journal=Human Rights Brief|volume=25|date=Spring 2009|publisher=Washington College of Law, Center for Human Rights and Humanitarian Law|access-date=17 April 2011|postscript=:|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120329201731/https://litigation-essentials.lexisnexis.com/webcd/app?action=DocumentDisplay&crawlid=1&doctype=cite&docid=16+Hum.+Rts.+Br.+25&srctype=smi&srcid=3B15&key=74ccae52ba220673512e7784449388f0|archive-date=29 March 2012|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}} "Whether one applies the criteria of statehood set out in the Montevideo Convention or the more widely accepted constitutive theory of statehood, Palestine might be considered a state."</ref> The [[Palestinian National Authority]] is an interim administrative body formed as a result of the [[Oslo Accords]] that exercises limited autonomous jurisdiction within the [[Palestinian territories]]. In foreign relations, Palestine is represented by the [[Palestine Liberation Organization]].<ref name="unnms">{{cite web|title=Non-member States and Entities|url=https://www.un.org/en/members/nonmembers.shtml|publisher=United Nations|access-date=30 August 2010|date=29 February 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090509204646/http://www.un.org/en/members/nonmembers.shtml|archive-date=9 May 2009}}</ref> The State of Palestine is a member state of UNESCO,<ref>{{cite web|author=United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization|title=Arab States: Palestine|url=http://www.unesco.org/new/en/unesco/worldwide/arab-states/palestine/|publisher=United Nations|access-date=3 December 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120104131813/http://www.unesco.org/new/en/unesco/worldwide/arab-states/palestine/|archive-date=4 January 2012|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> UNIDO and other international organizations.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Palestinians: Background and U.S. Relations|url=https://fas.org/sgp/crs/mideast/RL34074.pdf|pages=40–41|date=18 March 2021|publisher=Congressional Research Service|accessdate=2 February 2022|archivedate=13 May 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513163558/https://fas.org/sgp/crs/mideast/RL34074.pdf}}</ref>
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Panama}}''' – Republic of Panama
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Papua New Guinea}}''' – Independent State of Papua New Guinea
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Papua New Guinea is a [[Commonwealth realm]]{{efn|name="realm"}} with one autonomous region, [[Autonomous Region of Bougainville|Bougainville]].{{efn|name="autonomous"}}
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Paraguay}}''' – Republic of Paraguay
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Peru}}''' – Republic of Peru
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Philippines}}''' – Republic of the Philippines
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}The Philippines contains one autonomous region, [[Bangsamoro]].{{efn|name="autonomous"}}
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Poland}}''' – Republic of Poland
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Member of the EU.{{efn|name="EU"}}
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Portugal}}''' – Portuguese Republic
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Member of the EU.{{efn|name="EU"}} Portugal contains two autonomous regions, [[Azores|the Azores]] and [[Madeira]].{{efn|name="autonomous"}}
|-
| colspan="4" style="vertical-align:top;" |<span style="display:none">ZZZ</span>''Pridnestrovie → [[Улас оронуудай жагсаалта#Transnistria|See Transnistria listing]]''
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Qatar}}''' – State of Qatar
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
| colspan="4" style="vertical-align:top;" |<span style="display:none">ZZZ</span>''Republic of Korea → [[Улас оронуудай жагсаалта#Korea South|See Korea, South listing]]''
|-
| colspan="4" style="vertical-align:top;" |<span style="display:none">ZZZ</span>''Republic of the Congo → [[Улас оронуудай жагсаалта#Congo, Republic of the|See Congo, Republic of the listing]]''
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Romania}}'''
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Member of the EU.{{efn|name="EU"}}
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Russia}}''' – Russian Federation
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Russia is a [[federation]] of 85 [[Federal subjects of Russia|federal subjects]] (republics, oblasts, krais, autonomous okrugs, federal cities, and an autonomous oblast). Several of the federal subjects are ethnic republics.{{efn|name="autonomous"}}
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Rwanda}}''' – Republic of Rwanda
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
| colspan="4" style="vertical-align:top;" |<span style="display:none">ZZZ</span>''Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic → [[Улас оронуудай жагсаалта#SADR|See Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic listing]]''
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Saint Kitts and Nevis}}''' – Federation of Saint Christopher and Nevis
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Saint Kitts and Nevis is a [[Commonwealth realm]]{{efn|name="realm"}} and is a [[federation]]{{efn|name="federal"}} of two islands, [[St. Kitts]] and [[Nevis]].
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Saint Lucia}}'''
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Saint Lucia is a [[Commonwealth realm]].{{efn|name="realm"}}
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Saint Vincent and the Grenadines}}'''
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Saint Vincent and the Grenadines is a [[Commonwealth realm]].{{efn|name="realm"}}
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Samoa}}''' – Independent State of Samoa
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|San Marino}}''' – Republic of San Marino
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|São Tomé and Príncipe}}''' – Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}São Tomé and Príncipe contains one autonomous province, [[Príncipe]].{{efn|name="autonomous"}}
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Saudi Arabia}}''' – Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}<!--Sealand is not a sovereign state according to the definition in the introduction of this article and should not be included--> <!--Scotland is not a sovereign state according to the definition in the introduction of this article and should not be included-->
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Senegal}}''' – Republic of Senegal
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Serbia}}''' – Republic of Serbia
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Serbia contains two autonomous regions, [[Vojvodina]] and [[Kosovo and Metohija]].{{efn|name="autonomous"}} The latter is under the ''de facto'' control of [[Улас оронуудай жагсаалта#Kosovo|Kosovo]].
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Seychelles}}''' – Republic of Seychelles
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Sierra Leone}}''' – Republic of Sierra Leone
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Singapore}}''' – Republic of Singapore
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Slovakia}}''' – Slovak Republic
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Member of the EU.{{efn|name="EU"}}
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Slovenia}}''' – Republic of Slovenia
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Member of the EU.{{efn|name="EU"}}
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Solomon Islands}}'''
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Solomon Islands is a [[Commonwealth realm]].{{efn|name="realm"}}
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Somalia}}''' – Federal Republic of Somalia
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Somalia is a federation of [[States and regions of Somalia|six states]]. Two, [[Puntland]] and [[Galmudug]], have self-declared autonomy, while one, [[Улас оронуудай жагсаалта#Somaliland|Somaliland]], is ''de facto'' independent.
|-
| colspan="4" style="vertical-align:top;" |<span style="display:none">ZZZ</span>''Somaliland → [[Улас оронуудай жагсаалта#Somaliland|See Somaliland listing]]''
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|South Africa}}''' – Republic of South Africa
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
| colspan="4" style="vertical-align:top;" |<span style="display:none">ZZZ</span>''South Korea → [[Улас оронуудай жагсаалта#Korea South|See Korea, South listing]]''
|-
| colspan="4" style="vertical-align:top;" |<span style="display:none">ZZZ</span>''South Ossetia → [[Улас оронуудай жагсаалта#South Ossetia|See South Ossetia listing]]''
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|South Sudan}}''' – Republic of South Sudan
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}South Sudan is a [[federation]] of [[States of South Sudan|10 states and three administrative areas]].
* The [[Abyei|Abyei Area]] is a zone with "special administrative status" established by the [[Comprehensive Peace Agreement]] in 2005. It is ''de jure'' a condominium of South Sudan and Sudan, but ''de facto'' administered by two competing administrations and the United Nations.<ref name="UNISFA2017">{{cite web|url=https://unisfa.unmissions.org/statement-unisfa-recent-spate-attacks-abyei|title=Statement from UNISFA on the recent spate of attacks in Abyei|website=UNmissions.org|date=18 October 2017|access-date=12 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180213022254/https://unisfa.unmissions.org/statement-unisfa-recent-spate-attacks-abyei|archive-date=13 February 2018|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="AbyeiName">{{cite web|url=http://www.gurtong.net/ECM/Editorial/tabid/124/ctl/ArticleView/mid/519/articleId/17103/Abyei-Administration-Area-Changes-Name.aspx|title=Abyei Administration Area Changes Name|website=Gurtong.net|date=29 July 2015|access-date=12 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180213022037/http://www.gurtong.net/ECM/Editorial/tabid/124/ctl/ArticleView/mid/519/articleId/17103/Abyei-Administration-Area-Changes-Name.aspx|archive-date=13 February 2018|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Spain}}''' – Kingdom of Spain
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Member of the EU.{{efn|name="EU"}} Spain is divided into [[Autonomous communities of Spain|17 autonomous communities and two special autonomous cities]].{{efn|name="autonomous"}}{{efn|Spain holds several small overseas territories scattered along the Mediterranean coast bordering [[Morocco]], known as the [[Plazas de soberanía]].|name="Plazas"}}
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Sri Lanka}}''' – Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka{{efn|Formerly known as [[Dominion of Ceylon|Ceylon]] until 1972.}}
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Sudan}}''' – Republic of the Sudan
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Sudan is a [[federation]] of [[States of Sudan|18 states]].
* The [[Abyei|Abyei Area]] is a zone with "special administrative status" established by the [[Comprehensive Peace Agreement]] in 2005. It is ''de jure'' a condominium of South Sudan and Sudan, but ''de facto'' administered by two competing administrations and the United Nations.<ref name="UNISFA2017" /><ref name="AbyeiName" />
|-
| colspan="4" style="vertical-align:top;" |<span style="display:none">ZZZ</span>''Sudan, South → [[Улас оронуудай жагсаалта#South Sudan|See South Sudan listing]]''
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Suriname}}''' – Republic of Suriname
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
| colspan="4" style="vertical-align:top;" |<span style="display:none">ZZZ</span>''Swaziland → [[Улас оронуудай жагсаалта#Eswatini|See Eswatini listing]]''
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Sweden}}''' – Kingdom of Sweden
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Member of the EU.{{efn|name="EU"}}
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Switzerland}}''' – Swiss Confederation
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Switzerland is a [[federation]] of [[Cantons of Switzerland|26 cantons]].
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Syria}}''' – Syrian Arab Republic
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}The [[National Coalition for Syrian Revolutionary and Opposition Forces|Syrian National Coalition]], which is [[International recognition of the Syrian National Coalition|recognised]] as the legitimate representative of the Syrian people by 20 UN members, has established an [[Syrian Interim Government|interim government]] to rule rebel controlled territory during the [[Syrian civil war]]. Syria has one self-declared autonomous region: [[Rojava]].
|-
| colspan="4" style="vertical-align:top;" |<span style="display:none">ZZZ</span>''Taiwan (Republic of China) → [[Улас оронуудай жагсаалта#Taiwan|See Taiwan listing]]''
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Tajikistan}}''' – Republic of Tajikistan
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Tajikistan contains one autonomous region, [[Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province]].{{efn|name="autonomous"}}
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Tanzania}}''' – United Republic of Tanzania
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Tanzania contains one autonomous region, [[Zanzibar]].{{efn|name="autonomous"}}
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Thailand}}''' – Kingdom of Thailand
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
| colspan="4" style="vertical-align:top;" |<span style="display:none">ZZZ</span>''The Bahamas → [[Улас оронуудай жагсаалта#Bahamas|See Bahamas, The listing]]''
|-
| colspan="4" style="vertical-align:top;" |<span style="display:none">ZZZ</span>''The Gambia → [[Улас оронуудай жагсаалта#Gambia|See Gambia, The listing]]''
|-
| colspan="4" style="vertical-align:top;" |<span style="display:none">ZZZ</span>''Timor-Leste → [[Улас оронуудай жагсаалта#East Timor|See East Timor listing]]''
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Togo}}''' – Togolese Republic
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Tonga}}''' – Kingdom of Tonga
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
| colspan="4" style="vertical-align:top;" |<span style="display:none">ZZZ</span>''Transnistria → [[Улас оронуудай жагсаалта#Transnistria|See Transnistria listing]]''
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Trinidad and Tobago}}''' – Republic of Trinidad and Tobago
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Trinidad and Tobago contains one autonomous region, [[Tobago]].{{efn|name="autonomous"}}
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Tunisia}}''' – Republic of Tunisia
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Turkey}}''' – Republic of Turkey
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Turkmenistan}}''' – Republic of Turkmenistan
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Tuvalu}}'''
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Tuvalu is a [[Commonwealth realm]].{{efn|name="realm"}}
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Uganda}}''' – Republic of Uganda
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Ukraine}}'''
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Ukraine contains one autonomous region, the [[Autonomous Republic of Crimea]],{{efn|name="autonomous"}} which is under the ''de facto'' control of [[Улас оронуудай жагсаалта#Russia|Russia]], along with neighbouring [[Sevastopol]].
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|United Arab Emirates}}'''
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}The United Arab Emirates is a [[federation]] of [[Emirates of the United Arab Emirates|seven emirates]].
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|United Kingdom}}''' – United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}The United Kingdom is a [[Commonwealth realm]]{{efn||name="realm"|group=}} consisting of [[Countries of the United Kingdom|four constituent countries]]; [[England]], [[Northern Ireland]], [[Scotland]], and [[Wales]]. The United Kingdom has the following 13 [[British Overseas Territories|overseas territories]] and one [[Territorial claims in Antarctica|claimed]] Antarctic dependent territory:
* {{noflag|[[Akrotiri and Dhekelia]]}}
* {{flag|Anguilla}}
* {{flag|Bermuda}}
* {{flag|British Indian Ocean Territory}}
* {{flag|British Virgin Islands}}
* {{flag|Cayman Islands}}
* {{flag|Falkland Islands}}
* {{flag|Gibraltar}}
* {{flag|Montserrat}}
* {{flag|Pitcairn Islands}}
* {{noflag|[[Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha]]}}
* {{flag|South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands}}
* {{flag|Turks and Caicos Islands}}
* ''{{flag|British Antarctic Territory}}''
The [[The Crown|British monarch]] also has direct sovereignty over three self-governing [[Crown dependencies]]:
* {{flag|Bailiwick of Guernsey|name=Guernsey}}
* {{flag|Isle of Man}}
* {{flag|Jersey}}
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|United States}}''' – United States of America
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}The United States is a [[federation]] of [[Political divisions of the United States#States and their subdivisions|50 states]], one [[Washington, D.C.|federal district]], and one [[Palmyra Atoll|incorporated territory]]. Additionally, the [[Federal government of the United States]] has sovereignty over 13 [[unincorporated territories]]. Of these territories, the following five are inhabited possessions:
* {{flag|American Samoa}}
* {{flag|Guam}}
* {{flag|Northern Mariana Islands}}
* {{flag|Puerto Rico}}
* {{flag|U.S. Virgin Islands}}
It also has sovereignty over several uninhabited territories:
* [[Baker Island]]
* [[Howland Island]]
* [[Jarvis Island]]
* [[Johnston Atoll]]
* [[Kingman Reef]]
* [[Midway Atoll]]
* [[Navassa Island]]
* [[Wake Island]]
It also disputes sovereignty over the following two territories:
* ''[[Bajo Nuevo Bank]]''
* ''[[Serranilla Bank]]''
Three sovereign states have become [[Associated state|associated states]] of the United States under the [[Compact of Free Association]]:
* {{flag|Marshall Islands}} – Republic of the Marshall Islands
* {{flag|Micronesia}} – Federated States of Micronesia
* {{flag|Palau}} – Republic of Palau
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Uruguay}}''' – Oriental Republic of Uruguay
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Uzbekistan}}''' – Republic of Uzbekistan
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Uzbekistan contains one autonomous region, [[Karakalpakstan]].{{efn|name="autonomous"}}
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Vanuatu}}''' – Republic of Vanuatu
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Vatican City}}''' – Vatican City State
| style="background:#ddf;" |<span style="display:none">A</span> [[United Nations General Assembly observers|UN General Assembly observer state]] under the designation of "[[Holy See]]"; member of three [[List of specialized agencies of the United Nations|UN specialized agencies]] and the [[International Atomic Energy Agency|IAEA]]
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Administered by the [[Holy See]], a sovereign entity with diplomatic relations to {{Numrec|Holy See||states|N=3}}. This figure consists of {{Numrec|Holy See|link=N}} UN member states, the Cook Islands, the Republic of China (Taiwan), and the State of Palestine.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/secretariat_state/documents/rc_seg-st_20010123_holy-see-relations_en.html|title=Bilateral relations of the Holy See|publisher=Holy See website|access-date=5 June 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140709142833/https://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/secretariat_state/documents/rc_seg-st_20010123_holy-see-relations_en.html|archive-date=9 July 2014|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> In addition, the European Union and the Sovereign Military Order of Malta maintain diplomatic relations with the Holy See. The Holy See is a member of the [[International Atomic Energy Agency|IAEA]], [[International Telecommunication Union|ITU]], [[Universal Postal Union|UPU]], and [[World Intellectual Property Organization|WIPO]] and a permanent observer of the UN (in the category of "Non-member State")<ref name="unnms" /> and [[Foreign relations of the Holy See#Participation in international organizations|multiple other UN System organizations]]. The Vatican City is governed by officials appointed by the [[Pope]], who is the Bishop of the Diocese of Rome and ''[[ex officio]]'' sovereign of Vatican City.
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Venezuela}}''' – Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}Venezuela is a [[federation]] of [[States of Venezuela|23 states]], [[Administrative divisions of Venezuela|one capital district, and federal dependencies]].
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Vietnam}}''' – Socialist Republic of Vietnam
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
| colspan="4" style="vertical-align:top;" |<span style="display:none">ZZZ</span>''Western Sahara → [[Улас оронуудай жагсаалта#SADR|See Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic listing]]''
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Yemen}}''' – Republic of Yemen
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Zambia}}''' – Republic of Zambia
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Zimbabwe}}''' – Republic of Zimbabwe
|<span style="display:none">A</span> UN member state
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
{{extent}}
|- style="background:Lightgrey;"
| style="text-align:center;" |<span style="display:none">ZZZ</span>↑ [[Member states of the United Nations|UN member states]] and [[United Nations General Assembly observers#Present non-member observers|General Assembly observer states]] ↑
|<span style="display:none">A ZZZ</span>
|<span style="display:none">ZZZ</span>
|
|- style="background:Darkgrey;"
| style="text-align:center;" |<span style="display:none">ZZZ</span>
|<span style="display:none">AB</span>
|<span style="display:none">B</span>
|
|- style="background:Lightgrey;"
| style="text-align:center;" |<span style="display:none">ZZZ</span>↓ Other states ↓
|<span style="display:none">D AAA</span>
|<span style="display:none">ZZZ</span>
|{{Anchor|Other states}}
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Abkhazia}}''' – Republic of Abkhazia
| style="background:LemonChiffon;" |<span style="display:none">D</span> No membership
| style="background:#fcc;" |{{claimedby|GEORGIA}}
{{extent}}[[International recognition of Abkhazia and South Ossetia|Recognised by]] Russia, Nauru, Nicaragua, Syria, Venezuela, Artsakh, South Ossetia and Transnistria.<ref name="ASOTREC">{{cite web|url=http://www.newsru.com/russia/17nov2006/aup.html|date=17 November 2006|access-date=5 June 2011|script-title=ru:Абхазия, Южная Осетия и Приднестровье признали независимость друг друга и призвали всех к этому же|publisher=newsru.com|language=ru|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090416050525/http://www.newsru.com/russia/17nov2006/aup.html|archive-date=16 April 2009|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Claimed in whole by [[Улас оронуудай жагсаалта#Georgia|Georgia]] as the [[Government of the Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia|Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia]].
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Artsakh}}''' – Republic of Artsakh{{efn|Formerly known as the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic, its official name from 1991 to 2017}}
| style="background:LemonChiffon;" |<span style="display:none">D</span> No membership
| style="background:#fcc;" |{{claimedby|AZERBAIJAN}}
{{extent}}A ''de facto'' independent state,<ref name="montevideo">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4PwmeRG9QsUC|last1=Ker-Lindsay|first1=James|title=The Foreign Policy of Counter Secession: Preventing the Recognition of Contested States|page=53|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|year=2012|quote=In addition to the four cases of contested statehood described above, there are three other territories that have unilaterally declared independence and are generally regarded as having met the Montevideo criteria for statehood but have not been recognized by any states: Transnistria, Nagorny Karabakh, and Somaliland.|access-date=24 September 2013|df=dmy-all|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131009041217/http://books.google.com/books?id=4PwmeRG9QsUC|archive-date=9 October 2013|url-status=live|isbn=9780199698394}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|author=Krüger, Heiko|title=The Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict: A Legal Analysis|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7JDCQu-Us8sC&pg=PA55|page=55|publisher=Springer|year=2010|isbn=978-3-642-11787-9}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Nikoghosyan, Hovhannes|title=Kosovo ruling implications for Armenia and Azerbaijan|url=http://www.huliq.com/1/803-kosovo-ruling-implications-armenia-and-azerbaijan|newspaper=HULIQ.com|publisher=Hareyan Publishing, LLC|date=August 2010|access-date=17 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111123044441/http://www.huliq.com/1/803-kosovo-ruling-implications-armenia-and-azerbaijan|archive-date=23 November 2011|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> [[Foreign relations of Artsakh|recognised only by]] [[Abkhazia]],<ref name="NKRrecognition">[http://ararat-online.ru/news/984-2025-vice-spiker-parlamenta-abxazii-vybory-v-nkr-sootvetstvuyut-vsem-mezhdunarodnym-standartam.html Вице-спикер парламента Абхазии: Выборы в НКР соответствуют всем международным стандартам] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811164310/http://ararat-online.ru/news/984-2025-vice-spiker-parlamenta-abxazii-vybory-v-nkr-sootvetstvuyut-vsem-mezhdunarodnym-standartam.html|date=11 August 2011}}: "Абхазия, Южная Осетия, НКР и Приднестровье уже давно признали независимость друг друга и очень тесно сотрудничают между собой", – сказал вице-спикер парламента Абхазии. ... "...Абхазия признала независимость Нагорно-Карабахской Республики..." – сказал он."</ref> [[South Ossetia]]<ref name="NKRrecognition" /> and [[Transnistria]].<ref name="NKRrecognition" /><ref name="transgovt">{{cite web|url=http://pridnestrovie.net/foreignpolicy_full.html|title=In detail: The foreign policy of Pridnestrovie|publisher=[[Pridnestrovie]]|date=26 May 2010|access-date=29 June 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080511144044/http://pridnestrovie.net/foreignpolicy_full.html|archive-date=11 May 2008|accessdate=2 February 2022|archivedate=11 May 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080511144044/http://pridnestrovie.net/foreignpolicy_full.html}}</ref> Claimed in whole by [[Улас оронуудай жагсаалта#Azerbaijan|Azerbaijan]].<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/country_profiles/3658938.stm Regions and territories: Nagorno-Karabakh] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070823113424/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/country_profiles/3658938.stm|date=23 August 2007}} (17 January 2006). BBC News. Retrieved 17 January 2006.</ref>
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Cook Islands}}'''
| style="background:#e2efda;" |<span style="display:none">D</span> Member of eight [[List of specialized agencies of the United Nations|UN specialized agencies]]
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
<small>(See [[Political status of the Cook Islands and Niue|political status]])</small>
{{extent}}A state in [[Associated state|free association]] with [[Улас оронуудай жагсаалта#New Zealand|New Zealand]], {{Numrel|CK|diplomatic relations with|states|alt2=the Cook Islands maintains|O=Y}}. The Cook Islands is a member of [[List of specialized agencies of the United Nations|multiple UN agencies]] with full treaty making capacity.<ref name="untreaty1" /> It shares a [[Monarchy of New Zealand|head of state]] with New Zealand as well as having [[New Zealand nationality law|shared citizenship]].
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Kosovo}}''' – Republic of Kosovo
| style="background:#e2efda;" |<span style="display:none">D</span> Member of two [[List of specialized agencies of the United Nations|UN specialized agencies]]
| style="background:#fcc;" |{{claimedby|SERBIA}}
{{extent}}Pursuant to [[United Nations Security Council Resolution 1244]], Kosovo was placed under the administration of the [[United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo]] in 1999.<ref>{{cite web|title=United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo|url=https://www.un.org/en/peacekeeping/missions/unmik/|website=UN|access-date=8 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141225015010/http://www.un.org/en/peacekeeping/missions/unmik/|archive-date=25 December 2014|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Kosovo [[2008 Kosovo declaration of independence|declared independence in 2008]], and it has {{Numrec|Kos|received diplomatic recognition from|UN member states}} and the [[Republic of China]], while 18 states have recognized Kosovo only to later withdraw their recognition.<ref>[http://www.mfa.gov.rs/sr/index.php/pres-servis/saopstenja/22340--18-k-sl03032020?lang=lat ''"Sijera Leone je 18. država koja je povukla priznanje tzv. Kosova"'' − http://www.mfa.gov.rs/]</ref> Serbia continues to maintain its sovereignty claim over Kosovo. Other UN member states and non UN member states continue to recognise Serbian sovereignty or have taken no position on the question. Kosovo is a member of the [[International Monetary Fund]] and the [[World Bank Group]]. The Republic of Kosovo has ''de facto'' control over most of the territory, with limited control in [[North Kosovo]].
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Niue}}'''
| style="background:#e2efda;" |<span style="display:none">D</span> Member of five [[List of specialized agencies of the United Nations|UN specialized agencies]]
|<span style="display:none">A</span> None
<small>(See [[Political status of the Cook Islands and Niue|political status]])</small>
{{extent}}A state in [[Associated state|free association]] with [[Улас оронуудай жагсаалта#New Zealand|New Zealand]], {{Numrel|Niue|diplomatic relations with|states|alt2=Niue maintains|O=Y}}. Niue is a member of [[List of specialized agencies of the United Nations|multiple UN agencies]] with full treaty making capacity.<ref name="untreaty1" /> It shares a [[Monarchy of New Zealand|head of state]] with New Zealand as well as having [[New Zealand nationality law|shared citizenship]].
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Northern Cyprus}}''' – Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus
| style="background:LemonChiffon;" |<span style="display:none">D</span> No membership
| style="background:#fcc;" |{{claimedby|CYPRUS}}
{{extent}} [[Foreign relations of Northern Cyprus|Recognised only by]] [[Улас оронуудай жагсаалта#Turkey|Turkey]]. Under the name "Turkish Cypriot State", it is an observer state of the [[Organisation of Islamic Cooperation]] and the [[Economic Cooperation Organization]]. Northern Cyprus is claimed in whole by the [[Улас оронуудай жагсаалта#Cyprus|Republic of Cyprus]].<ref>[https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/cyprus/ The World Factbook|Cyprus] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109202203/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/cyprus/ |date=2021-01-09 }} (10 January 2006). Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 17 January 2006.</ref>
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic}}'''
| style="background:LemonChiffon;" |<span style="display:none">D</span> No membership
| style="background:#fcc;" |{{claimedby|MOROCCO}}
{{extent}}Recognised at some stage by {{Numrec|SADR||UN member states}}, {{Numrec|SADR|W=Y|link=N}} of which have since withdrawn or frozen their recognition. It is a founding member of the [[African Union]] and the Asian–African Strategic Partnership formed at the 2005 [[Asian–African Conference]]. The territories under its control, the so-called [[Free Zone (region)|Free Zone]], are claimed in whole by [[Улас оронуудай жагсаалта#Morocco|Morocco]] as part of its [[Southern Provinces]]. In turn, the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic claims the part of [[Western Sahara]] to the west of the [[Moroccan Western Sahara Wall|Moroccan Wall]] controlled by Morocco. Its government resides in exile in [[Tindouf]], [[Улас оронуудай жагсаалта#Algeria|Algeria]].
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Somaliland}}''' – Republic of Somaliland
| style="background:LemonChiffon;" |<span style="display:none">D</span> No membership
| style="background:#fcc;" |{{claimedby|SOMALIA}}
{{extent}}A ''de facto'' independent state,<ref name="montevideo" /><ref name="FailureofStates">{{cite journal|url=http://minnjil.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/04/kreuterweb-pdf.pdf|last1=Kreuter|first1=Aaron|title=Self-Determination, Sovereignty, and the Failure of States: Somaliland and the Case for Justified Secession|journal=[[Minnesota Journal of International Law]]|volume=19:2|pages=380–381|publisher=[[University of Minnesota Law School]]|year=2010|quote=Considering each of these factors, Somaliland has a colorable argument that it meets the theoretical requirements of statehood. ... On these bases, Somaliland appears to have a strong claim to statehood.|access-date=24 September 2013|df=dmy-all|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927082111/http://minnjil.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/04/kreuterweb-pdf.pdf|archive-date=27 September 2013|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927082111/http://minnjil.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/04/kreuterweb-pdf.pdf |date=27 September 2013 }} {{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://minnjil.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/04/kreuterweb-pdf.pdf |accessdate=2 February 2022 |archivedate=27 September 2013 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927082111/http://minnjil.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/04/kreuterweb-pdf.pdf }}</ref><ref name="AfricaReport">{{cite journal|url=http://www.operationspaix.net/IMG/pdf/ICG_Somaliland_AU_Leadership_2006-05-23_.pdf|author=International Crisis Group|title=Somaliland: Time for African Union leadership|journal=[[The Africa Report]]|issue=110|pages=10–13|publisher=[[Jeune Afrique|Groupe Jeune Afrique]]|date=23 May 2006|access-date=19 April 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720022321/http://www.operationspaix.net/IMG/pdf/ICG_Somaliland_AU_Leadership_2006-05-23_.pdf|archive-date=20 July 2011|df=dmy-all}} {{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.operationspaix.net/IMG/pdf/ICG_Somaliland_AU_Leadership_2006-05-23_.pdf |accessdate=2022-02-02 |archivedate=2011-07-20 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720022321/http://www.operationspaix.net/IMG/pdf/ICG_Somaliland_AU_Leadership_2006-05-23_.pdf }}</ref><ref name="PolSomaliland">{{cite journal|url=http://www.somalilandtimes.net/sl/2009/403/P200.pdf|last1=Mesfin|first1=Berouk|title=The political development of Somaliland and its conflict with Puntland|journal=ISS Paper|issue=200|page=8|publisher=[[Institute for Security Studies]]|date=September 2009|access-date=19 April 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111123043040/http://www.somalilandtimes.net/sl/2009/403/P200.pdf|archive-date=23 November 2011|df=dmy}}</ref><ref name="StrangeCase">{{cite journal|url=http://yalejournal.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/083206arieff.pdf|last1=Arieff|first1=Alexis|title=De Facto Statehood? The Strange Case of Somaliland|journal=[[Yale Journal of International Affairs]]|issue=Spring/Summer 2008|pages=1–79|publisher=International Affairs Council at Yale|access-date=17 April 2011|df=dmy-all|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111213214545/http://yalejournal.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/083206arieff.pdf|archive-date=13 December 2011|url-status=live}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111213214545/http://yalejournal.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/083206arieff.pdf |date=13 December 2011 }} {{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://yalejournal.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/083206arieff.pdf |accessdate=2 February 2022 |archivedate=13 December 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111213214545/http://yalejournal.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/083206arieff.pdf }}</ref> [[Foreign relations of Somaliland|not diplomatically recognised by]] any other state, claimed in whole by the [[Улас оронуудай жагсаалта#Somalia|Federal Republic of Somalia]].<ref name="Somalilandprofile">{{cite web|title=Somaliland profile|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-14115069|website=[[BBC News]]|date=14 December 2017|access-date=27 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170423054426/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-14115069|archive-date=23 April 2017|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|South Ossetia}}''' – Republic of South Ossetia–the State of Alania
| style="background:LemonChiffon;" |<span style="display:none">D</span> No membership
| style="background:#fcc;" |{{claimedby|GEORGIA}}
{{extent}}A ''de facto'' independent state,<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Jansen, Dinah|title=The Conflict between Self-Determination and Territorial Integrity: the South Ossetian Paradigm|url=https://es.scribd.com/document/31659924/The-Conflict-between-Self-Determination-and-Territorial-Integrity-The-South-Ossetian-Paradigm|journal=Geopolitics Vs. Global Governance: Reinterpreting International Security|pages=222–242|year=2009|publisher=Centre for Foreign Policy Studies, University of Dalhousie|isbn=978-1-896440-61-3|access-date=14 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180819063355/https://es.scribd.com/document/31659924/The-Conflict-between-Self-Determination-and-Territorial-Integrity-The-South-Ossetian-Paradigm|archive-date=19 August 2018|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> [[International recognition of Abkhazia and South Ossetia|recognised by]] Russia, Nicaragua, Nauru, Syria, Venezuela, Abkhazia, Artsakh and Transnistria. Claimed in whole by [[Улас оронуудай жагсаалта#Georgia|Georgia]] as the [[Provisional Administrative Entity of South Ossetia]].<ref name="cnnAbSO">{{Cite news|title=Russia condemned for recognizing rebel regions|url=http://www.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/europe/08/26/russia.vote.georgia/index.html|newspaper=CNN.com|publisher=Cable News Network|date=26 August 2008|access-date=26 August 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080829045537/http://www.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/europe/08/26/russia.vote.georgia/index.html|archive-date=29 August 2008|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Republic of China|name=Taiwan}}''' – Republic of China{{efn|name="ChinaTaiwan"}}
| style="background:LemonChiffon;" |<span style="display:none">D</span> No membership
| style="background:#fcc;" |[[Foreign relations of Taiwan|Partially unrecognised]]. {{claimedby|PRC}}
{{extent}}A state competing (nominally) for recognition with the [[China|People's Republic of China]] (PRC) as the government of China since 1949. The Republic of China (ROC) controls the island of [[Taiwan]] and associated islands, Quemoy, Matsu, the Pratas and parts of the [[Spratly Islands]], and has not renounced claims over its annexed territories on the [[Mainland China|mainland]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=Ma refers to China as ROC territory in magazine interview|work=[[Taipei Times]]|date=8 October 2008|url=http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2008/10/08/2003425320|access-date=13 October 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090603213128/http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2008/10/08/2003425320|archive-date=3 June 2009|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The ROC is recognised by {{Numrec|ROC|asof=E|alt=UN member states and the Holy See as of}}, none of which recognise the PRC. Additionally, one UN member ([[Bhutan]]) has [[Foreign relations of Taiwan#Relations with neither the ROC nor the PRC|refrained from recognising]] either the ROC or the PRC.
The territory of the ROC is claimed in whole by the PRC.{{efn|name="TAI2"}} The ROC [[Foreign relations of Taiwan#Relations with international organizations|participates in international organizations]] under a variety of pseudonyms, most commonly "[[Chinese Taipei]]" and in the [[World Trade Organization|WTO]] it has full membership. The ROC was a founding member of the UN and enjoyed membership from 1945 to 1971, with veto power in the [[United Nations Security Council|UN Security Council]]. See [[China and the United Nations]].
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''{{flag|Transnistria|state}}''' – Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic
| style="background:LemonChiffon;" |<span style="display:none">D</span> No membership
| style="background:#fcc;" |{{claimedby|MOLDOVA}}
{{extent}}A ''de facto'' independent state,<ref name="montevideo" /> [[Foreign relations of Transnistria|recognised only by]] Abkhazia, Artsakh and South Ossetia.<ref name="ASOTREC" /> Claimed in whole by [[Улас оронуудай жагсаалта#Moldova|Moldova]].<ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-18286268 Regions and territories: Trans-Dniester]</ref>
|- style="background:Lightgrey;"
| style="text-align:center;" |<span style="display:none">ZZZ</span>↑ Other states ↑
|<span style="display:none">D ZZZ</span>
|<span style="display:none">ZZZ</span>
|
|- style="background:Darkgrey;"
| style="text-align:center;" |<span style="display:none">ZZZZ</span>
|<span style="display:none">ZZZZ</span>
|<span style="display:none">ZZZZ</span>
|
|}
{{col-begin|width=700px}}
{{col-2}}
'''Legend "Membership within the UN System" column'''
{{legend|white|UN Member states}}
{{legend|#ddf|UN General Assembly Observer states}}
{{legend|#e2efda|Member of a UN Specialized Agency}}
{{legend|lemonchiffon|No membership in the UN System}}
{{col-2}}
'''Legend "Sovereignty dispute" column'''
{{legend|white|Undisputed sovereignty}}
{{legend|#fcc|Sovereignty disputed}}
{{col-end}}
==Оронууд==
'''[[Азербайжан]]''' {{·}} [[Арабын Нэгдсэн Эмирт Улс]] {{·}} [[Армени]] {{·}} [[Афганистан]] {{·}} [[Балба]] {{·}} [[Бангладеш]] {{·}} [[Бахрейн]] {{·}} [[Бруней]] {{·}} [[Бутан]] {{·}} [[Вьетнам]] {{·}} [[Гүрж]] {{·}} [[Египет]] {{·}} [[Зүүн Тимор|Зүүн Тимор (Тимор-Лесте)]] {{·}} [[Израиль]] {{·}} [[Индонез]] {{·}} [[Йордан]] {{·}} [[Ирак]] {{·}} [[Иран]] {{·}} [[Йемен]] {{·}} [[Казахстан]] {{·}} [[Камбож]] {{·}} [[Катар]] {{·}} [[Кипр]] {{·}} [[Кыргызстан]] {{·}} [[Кувейт]] {{·}} [[Лаос]] {{·}} [[Ливан]] {{·}} [[Малайз]] {{·}} [[Мальдив]] {{·}} [[Монгол Улас]] {{·}} [[Мьянмар]] {{·}} [[Оман]] {{·}} [[Оросой холбоото улас]] {{·}} [[Узбекистан]] {{·}} [[Пакистан]] {{·}} [[Саудын Араб]] {{·}} [[Сингапур]] {{·}} [[Сири]] {{·}} [[Хойд Солонгос]] {{·}} [[Өмнөд Солонгос]] {{·}} [[Тажикистан]] {{·}} [[Хитад Улас]] {{·}} [[Таиланд]] {{·}} [[Туркменистан]] {{·}} [[Турк]] {{·}} [[Филиппин]] {{·}} [[Шри Ланка]] {{·}} [[Энэтхэг]] {{·}} [[Эсватини]] {{·}} [[Жибэн]] {{·}} [[Азербайжан]] {{·}} [[Албани]] {{·}} [[Андорра]] {{·}} [[Армен]] {{·}} [[Беларусь]] {{·}} [[Бельги]] {{·}} [[Болгар]] {{·}} [[Босни ба Херцеговина]] {{·}} [[Ватикан]] {{·}} [[Герман]] {{·}} [[Грек]] {{·}} [[Гүрж]] {{·}} [[Дани]] {{·}} [[Ирланд]] {{·}} [[Исланд]] {{·}} [[Испани]] {{·}} [[Итали]] {{·}} [[Казахстан]] {{·}} [[Кипр]] {{·}} [[Ород]] {{·}} [[Латви]] {{·}} [[Литва]] {{·}} [[Лихтенштейн]] {{·}} [[Люксембург]] {{·}} [[Хойто Македони]] {{·}} [[Мальта]] {{·}} [[Молдав]] {{·}} [[Монако]] {{·}} [[Монтенегро]] {{·}} [[Нидерланд]] {{·}} [[Норвеги]] {{·}} [[Нэгдсэн Вант Улс]] {{·}} [[Польш]] {{·}} [[Португал]] {{·}} [[Румын]] {{·}} [[Сан-Марино]] {{·}} [[Серби]] {{·}} [[Словак]] {{·}} [[Словен]] {{·}} [[Турк]] {{·}} [[Унгар]] {{·}} [[Украина]] {{·}} [[Финланд]] {{·}} [[Франц]] {{·}} [[Хорват]] {{·}} [[Чех]] {{·}} [[Швейцари]] {{·}} [[Швед]] {{·}} [[Эстон]] {{·}} [[Амеэрикын Нэгэдэһэн Улас]] {{·}} [[Антигуа ба Барбуда]] {{·}} [[Багамын арлууд]] {{·}} [[Барбадос]] {{·}} [[Белиз]] {{·}} [[Гайти]] {{·}} [[Гватемал]] {{·}} [[Гондурас]] {{·}} [[Гренада]] {{·}} [[Доминика]] {{·}} [[Доминиканы Бүгд Найрамдах Улс]] {{·}} [[Канад]] {{·}} [[Коста-Рика]] {{·}} [[Куба]] {{·}} [[Мексик]] {{·}} [[Никарагуа]] {{·}} [[Панам]] {{·}} [[Сальвадор]] {{·}} [[Сент-Винсент ба Гренадин]] {{·}} [[Сент-Китс ба Невис]] {{·}} [[Сент-Люси]] {{·}} [[Тринидад ба Тобаго]] {{·}} [[Ямайк]] {{·}} [[Аргентин]] {{·}} [[Боливи]] {{·}} [[Бразил]] {{·}} [[Венесуэл]] {{·}} [[Гайана]] {{·}} [[Колумб]] {{·}} [[Парагвай]] {{·}} [[Перу]] {{·}} [[Суринам]] {{·}} [[Уругвай]] {{·}} [[Чили]] {{·}} [[Эквадор]] {{·}}[[Алжир]]{{·}} [[Ангол]] {{·}} [[Бенин]] {{·}} [[Ботсвана]] {{·}} [[Буркино-Фасо]] {{·}} [[Бурунди]] {{·}} [[Габон]] {{·}} [[Гамби]] {{·}} [[Гана]] {{·}} [[Гвиней]] {{·}} [[Гвиней-Бисау]] {{·}} [[Джибути]] {{·}} [[Египет]] {{·}} [[Замби]] {{·}} [[Зимбабве]] {{·}} [[Кабо-Верде]] {{·}} [[Камерун]] {{·}} [[Кени]] {{·}} [[Коморын арлууд]] {{·}} [[Конго]] {{·}} [[Ардчилсан Конго]] {{·}} [[Кот д'Ивуар]] {{·}} [[Лесото]] {{·}} [[Либери]] {{·}} [[Ливи]] {{·}} [[Маврикий]] {{·}} [[Мавритан]] {{·}} [[Мадагаскар]] {{·}} [[Малави]] {{·}} [[Мали]] {{·}} [[Марокко]] {{·}} [[Мозамбик]] {{·}} [[Намиби]] {{·}} [[Нигер]] {{·}} [[Нигери]] {{·}} [[Өмнөд Африк]] {{·}} [[Өмнөд Судан]] {{·}} [[Руанда]] {{·}} [[Сан-Томе ба Принсип]] {{·}} [[Сейшелийн арлууд]] {{·}} [[Сенегал]] {{·}} [[Сомали]] {{·}} [[Судан]] {{·}} [[Сьерра-Леоне]] {{·}} [[Танзани]] {{·}} [[Того]] {{·}} [[Тунис]] {{·}} [[Төв Африк]] {{·}} [[Уганда]] {{·}} [[Чад]] {{·}} [[Экваторын Гвиней]] {{·}} [[Эритрей]] {{·}} [[Этиоп]] {{·}} [[Австрали]] {{·}} [[Вануату]] {{·}} [[Кирибати]] {{·}} [[Маршаллын арлууд]] {{·}} [[Микронези]] {{·}} [[Науру]] {{·}} [[Палау]] {{·}} [[Папуа-Шинэ Гвиней]] {{·}} [[Самоа]] {{·}} [[Соломоны арлууд]] {{·}} [[Тонга]] {{·}} [[Тувалу]] {{·}} [[Фижи]] {{·}} [[Шэнэ Зеланд]]
== Холбооһон ==
* [http://www.madore.org/~david/misc/countries.html Дэлхийд хэдэн орон байдаг вэ?] - энэ хариулж болохгүй асуултын талаарх Дэйвид Марорегийн ниитлэл
{{stub}}
[[nds:Land#Länner]]
[[sv:Världsgeografi#Lista över länder]]
<references />
isij571xyr7i2tm2zh5dy5ltn6dvbox
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[[File:Tysk värja från cirka 1645 - Skoklosters slott - 97159.tif|thumb|300px|XVII зуунай [[Германи]]ин рапира һэлмэ]]
'''Һэлмэ''' ({{mongolUnicode|ᠰᠡᠯᠡᠮ ᠠ|h}}) — ута матагар хэлбэритэй, хурса эритэй, богони барюултай, хадхаха, сабшаха [[сэрэг]]эй [[хүйтэн зэбсэг]]; байлдаанда хэрэглэхэ томо [[хутага]]
адли зэбсэг юм<ref name="Boeheim">{{Cite web |title=Вендален Бехайм. Энциклопедия оружия. (перевод с нем. под ред. С. В. Еременко) |url=http://annales.info/evrope/behaym/behaym.htm |accessdate=2015-04-06 |archivedate=2013-06-20 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130620182543/http://annales.info/evrope/behaym/behaym.htm }}</ref>.
== Зүүлтэ ==
{{зүүлтэ}}
[[Категори:Хүйтэн зэбсэг]]
{{1000 үгүүлэл}}
{{stub}}
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{{Таксон
| name = Балта зүгы
| image = Bee Collecting Pollen 2004-08-14.jpg
| image_width = 200px
| image_caption = ''[[Osmia ribifloris]]''
| regnum = [[Амитан]]
| phylum = [[Үетэ хүлтэн]]
| classis = [[Хорхой шумуул]]
| ordo = [[Hymenoptera]]
| subordo = [[Apocrita]]
| superfamilia = [[Apoidea]]
| unranked_genus = '''Anthophila'''
| subdivision_ranks = Families
| subdivision =
[[Andrenidae]]<br />
[[Apidae]]<br />
[[Colletidae]]<br />
[[Dasypodaidae]]<br />
[[Halictidae]]<br />
[[Megachilidae]]<br />
[[Meganomiidae]]<br />
[[Melittidae]]<br />
[[Stenotritidae]]
| synonyms = '''Apiformes'''
}}
'''Зүгы''' бол [[сэсэг]]эй шүүһээр [[бал]] болбосоруулдаг ниидэдэг [[хорхой шумуул]]ай нэгэ түрэл юм.
== Балта зүгын амидаралай зохёон байгуулалта ==
Хүн түрэлхитэн эртэ сагһаа зүгые (балта зүгы) гэрэй амитан болгожо ашаглаһаар ерээ һэн. Балта зүгы ургамалай тооһон, лаб, кристалл дабһаниие наажа сабуудан үүр барижа үндэгэлэн ураг түрэлөө дагажа олон зуугаар һүрэглэн, хэһэг бүлээр амидардаг. Бүлэ бүхэн эрэгшэн, эмэгшэн, ажалшан гэһэн гурбан янзын зүгыһөө бүридэхэ болоод тус тусдаа ажал үүргын нарин хубааритай байна.
[[Файл:Drohnenpuppen 79d.jpg|thumb|left|Хатанза зүгын үтэн]]
Нэгэ бүлэдэ гансахан байдаг (гэхыдээ хүгшэн залуу 2 хатан зүгы байхань бии) [[хатан зүгы]] (эхэ зүгы) бусадһаа хэбэлэй арай бүдүүн гонзогор, дали богонихон, хорото булшархайгүй болоод үндэгэлхэ ашагтай хугасаань 2-3 жэл, ниитэдээ 3-5 жэл наһална. Хатан зүгы үүрһөө 3-4 км аласта гаран хэд хэдэн азарганза зүгытэй эбсэлдэнэ. Хоёрдугаар һарын дунда үеһөө эхилэн олон зуун үндэгэ гаргана. Энэ үедэ тэрэниие 18-20 ажалшан зүгы байнга һүнсэрээр тэжээдэг байна. Үндэгэнһөө үтэн, хүүхэлдэйн үе шатые дамжаһаар 16 хоноод залуу эхэ, 21 хоноод ажалшан, 24 хоноод азарганза (эрэ зүгы) гарана.
Бэлгын бойжолго дутуу хүгжэлтэй, эрэ зүгытэй эбсэлдэхэ, үрэ түл гаргаха шадабаряа алдаһан байдаг залуу [[ажалшан зүгы]] 8-10 һара амидархадаа һархяаг бариха, үтэн хүүхэлдэй тэжээхын зэргэсээ үүрэй доторхи агаарай шииг дулаан хүйтэниие тогтомол байлгаха, лаб илгаруулха, суглуулха, гаднаһаа абажа ерэһэн балые эбрээжэ үтгэрүүлхэ, бүлеэ хамгаалха зэргэ бүхы ажалые гүйсэдхэнэ. Ажалшан зүгы хорото булшархайтай, хэбэлэй эсэстэ хурса хадхууртай ушар хүн амитанай арһан хүрһэниие нэбтэ хадхаха аюултай. Хадхахадаа хадхуураа алдаха болоод хадхуургүй болмогсоо зүгы үхэдэг байна. Наһа бэе гүйсэһэн ажалшан зүгы балта, тооһото ургамалые хайжа олохо, олоһон сэсэгһээн амтата шүүһэн, тооһон хураан асарха зэргэ ажал хэнэ. Амтата шүүһэн илгаруулха ажалда эд гү, али 18-20 хоногтойдоо дайшалагдана.
[[Файл:Drohnenpuppen_81b.jpg|thumb|left|Азарганз зүгын үтэнэй хөгжлиин шат]]
Азарган зүгы (эрэ зүгы) бадируун бэе, ниилэмэл томо нюдэн, бүдүүн толгойтой, хадхуур болон хорото булшархайгүй, 2-3 һарын наһатай болоод хатан зүгыдэ нэгэл удаа удамаа үлдэдэг. Намартаа бүлын тэжээл хобордожо эхилхэдэ тэрэниие ажалшан зүгынүүд үүрһээн хөөн зайлуулна.
== Балта зүгын ашаг шэм ==
Зүгы бол бал, лаб, прополис (жэлэй), һүнсэр (молочко), хорон, тооһормог зэргэ хүнэй хоол хүнэһэн, эмшэлгэ һубилгаа, тэрэ үйлэдбэри, [[хүдөө ажахы]], сансарай техникадашье ажа холбогдолтой бүтээгдэхүүн үгэдэг ашагтай хорхой шумуул юм.
=== Зүгын бал ===
{{main|Бал}}
[[Зүгын бал]] олон жэл шанараа алдадаггүй, хүгсэржэ мууддаггүй гайхалтай арюудхажа шэнжэ шанартай. Балда 18 хубиин уһан, 80 хубиин шэхэрлигэй зүйл байдагһаа гадна сардуул, уураг, A, B, C витамин, янза бүриин хорото микромахабадые усадхагша зэргэ ниитэдээ 100 үлүү түрэлэй бодос агуулагдаһан байдаг байна. Тиимэһээ зүгын балые хүнэһэн тэжээлһээ гадна бэеын байдалые һайжаруулха, тайбшаруулха болохо ханяад, хүүгэдэй аманай гэмтэл, халалга, элдэб шараха зэргэ үбшэн анагаахада ашагладаг.
=== Ажалшан зүгын лаб ===
Үүр һархяагаа гаднын нүлөөһөө хамгаалха, бэхэжүүлхэ зорилгоор зүбхэн ажалшан зүгы сагаан шаргал илтаһалиг лаб илгаруулдаг. 80 хубиин [[нүүрһэнтүрэгшэ]], 13 хубиин [[уһантүрэгшэ]], 7 хубиин [[хүшэлтүрэгшэ|хүшэлтүрэгшэһөө]] тогтодог энэ лабые радио[[техникэ]], [[сахилгаан]], [[хими]], [[ниидэхэ онгосо]], [[уһан онгосо]], [[металлурги|түмэрлиг]], [[нэхэмэл үйлэдбэри|нэхэмэл]], мебелиин үйлэдбэридэ сахилгаан тусгаарлагша, уһан бэшэ нэбтэрүүлэгшэ зэргэдэ ашагладаг. Баһа янза бүриин эм болон гоо һайхан үнэртэн тоһон будаг үйлэдбэрилхэдэ хэрэглэнэ.
=== Ажалшан зүгын тооһормог ===
Балта зүгы сэсэгэй тооһониие суглуулжа хойто хүлэйнгөө сагсанда хэн үүрэндээ асаржа, балтай холижо пюре болгон хадагалдаг. Энэниие тооһормог гэдэг. Тэрэндэ хүнэй [[шуһан]]ай даралтые багадхажа ходоод гэдэһэнэй ажаллагые хэбэй болгожо хоолондо дуршалтай, ажаллаха хүсэн шадабариие дээшэлүүлхэ үйлэшэлгэтэй бодос бии.
=== Ажалшан зүгын прополис ===
Зүгы ургамалһаа тооһон тиимэшье тэрэнэй гадуурха шэл мэтэ гилгар тоһолиг бодосые суглуулжа асараад, үүр һархяагайнгаа нүхэн һүбиие бүглэхэ шэгжэһээ болгон ашагладаг. Угтаа прополис гэдэг бол харгай модонһоо гараха нэгэн зүйл дабирхай, байдал сабуу мэтэ наалдамтхай, үнгэ улбар шарабтар. Зүгын тэрэ хара ногоон, хүрэн, харадуу үнгын наалданги дабархайлиг бодосые [[прополис]] (зүгын сабуу) гэдэг байна. Прополисдо 50-55 %, ургамалай дабархай 8-10 %, эфирэй тоһон 30 оршом хубиин лаб байхаһаа гадна түмэр, зэд, марганец, сайр мэтын микромахабад бии. [[Анагааха ухаан]]да ашаглажа байгаа зарим антибиотикһоо хэд дахин үлүү хүсэтэй эмшэлгын шанартай фитонцид гэдэг бодосой, прополисһоо гарган абаһан ажа. Прополисые баһа загатнуур, юлдэ, хүлдэнгэ, бэртэнг эмшэлхэдэ хэрэглэдэг байна.
=== Ажалшан зүгын һүнсэр ===
Залуу зүгын хоолойн булшархай болон зажалуурай хэһэгһээ илгаран гарадаг сайбар шара үнгэтэй үдхэрһэн уураг маягай зүйлые һүнсэр гэдэг. Тэрээр тэжээһэн хатан зүгы 6 жэл хүрэтэр наһалжа, үдэртэ шэгнүүрһээн үлүү (1000 үлүү тооно) үндэгэ гаргадаг байна. Уураг, өөхэн, аминохүшэл, түрэл бүриин аминдэм агуулһан байдаг ушар мүн һүнсэрые эмшэлгэдэ хэрэглэнэ.
=== Ажалшан зүгын хорон ===
Зүгы өөрһэдөө болон үүрээ хамгаалхын тулада дайраһан, дүтэлһэн хүн амитаниие хадхажа хородуулна. Тэрэнэй хородо нуклеин, [[шоргоолзон]]ой, [[дабһан]]ай хүшэлһөө гадна, магни, зэд мэтын махабад, бодос агуулагдаһан байдаг. Зүгын хорониие арадай эмнэлгэдэ үргэн хэрэглэжэ байһан болоод оршон үедэ уушханай багтараа, үе мүсэ, бамбай булшархайн үбшэн зэргые эмшэлнэ.
=== Зүгын ниидэхэ хурдан ===
Зүгы 24-40 км/саг хурдалан ниидэхэдээ даляа секундэдэ 200—250 удаа дэбдэг. Гэхыдээ ехэ үндэртэ ниидэхэгүй. Амтата шүүһэн, сэсэгэй тоһон суглуулха үедээ 27.5 м/секундын хурдатай ниидэнэ.
== Зүгын ажахы ==
[[Файл:Bienen 35b.jpg|thumb|300px|Бүлэ]]
Хэдыгээр XIII зуунай үедэ [[Хара Хорум]]ай табан тансаг эдеэнэй модоной нэгэ аманһаа зүгын бал бүхы [[ундан]] гаража байһан гэхэ домог онтохон Монголой зүгышэдэй дунда байдагшье, мүнөө Сэлэнгэ аймагай Шаамар сомондо тэжээжэ байгаа зүгынүүдынь, 1959 онһоо Шаамарын жэмэс ногооной эрдэм шэнжээлгын туршалгын түбдэ мүнөөнэй Буряадһаа анха 20 бүлэ, Кавказһаа 30 хээлтэй зүгы асаржа нютагшуулһанаар зүгын ажахын эхэ һуури табигдаба. Социализмын үедэ [[Хангай]], [[Гоби]], тала хээрэйн 20 үлүү газар, 2000 үлүү бүлэ зүгытэй болоһон болоод тэрэнһээ жэлдээ 400 үлүү бүлэ зүгы шэнээр гаргажа, 10-18 бал хураан абажа, үрэжүүлжэ байһан байна. Удамшаһан 1000 үлүү бүлэ ажа һэн.
Монгол орон балта ургамалаар баялиг—5-7 сая бүлэ зүгы үрэжүүлхэ бэлшээрэй нөөсэтэй, тэрэнһээ зүбхэн ойто хээрэй бүһэдэ 43 обогой 230 үлүү зүйлэй амтата, шүүһэтэ, тооһото ургамал ургадаг байна.
== Зүгы эгээн томо түрэлнүүд ==
Зүйлэй эгээн олон тоотойнь зүгы түрэлнүүд<ref name="discoverlife">[http://www.discoverlife.org/mp/20q?guide=Apoidea_species&flags=HAS: Пчёлы на сайте www.discoverlife.org] {{ref-en}}{{v|23|04|2011}}</ref>.
{{Col-begin}}
{{Col-break}}
* ''[[Lasioglossum]]'' (1750)
* ''[[Megachile]]'' (1560)
* ''[[Andrena]]'' (1500)
* ''[[Hylaeus]]'' (730)
* ''[[Nomada]]'' (700)
* ''[[Perdita]]'' (630)
* ''[[Coelioxys]]'' (480)
* ''[[Colletes]]'' (460)
* ''[[Anthophora]]'' (420)
* ''[[Xylocopa]]'' (400)
{{Col-break}}
* ''[[Hoplitis]]'' (360)
* ''[[Osmia]]'' (350)
* ''[[Ceratina]]'' (340)
* ''[[Sphecodes]]'' (320)
* ''[[Lipotriches]]'' (280)
* ''[[Bombus (амитад)|Bombus]] (260)
* ''[[Amegilla]]'' (250)
* ''[[Eucera]]'' (220)
* ''[[Centris]]'' (210)
* ''[[Halictus]]'' (200)
{{Col-end}}
== Ном зохёол ==
* Радченко В. Г., Песенко Ю. А. ''Биология пчёл (Hymenoptera, Apoidea).'' СПб.: Зоол. ин-т РАН. — [[1994]]. — 350 с.
* Гринфельд Э. К., [[1978]]. ''Происхождение и развитие антофилии у насекомых''. — Л.: Изд-во ЛГУ. — 203 с.
* {{Книга:Определитель насекомых европейской части СССР. Т. 3. Перепончатокрылые. Ч. 1. 1978|279-518}}
* Danforth, B. N., J. Fang, S. Sipes, S.G. Brady & E. Almeida (2004). ''Phylogeny and molecular systematics of bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea).'' Cornell University, Ithaca, NY [http://www.entomology.cornell.edu/BeePhylogeny/ Филогения пчёл]
* Donovan, B. J. 2007: ''Apoidea (Insecta: Hymenoptera).'' Fauna of New Zealand, 57.
* Engel, M. S. (2005). ''Family-group names for bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea).'' American Museum Novitates 3476: 1-33. [http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/dspace/bitstream/2246/2786/1/N3476.pdf pdf]
* Michener, C. D. ([[2007]]) ''The bees of the world, second edition.'' Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore and London, 953 pp.
== Зүүлтэ ==
{{зүүлтэ}}
== Холбооһон ==
{{commonscat|Bee}}
* [http://cache.ucr.edu/~heraty/beepage.html Пчёлы мира] {{ref-en}}
* [http://www.bwars.com/ Общество пчёл, ос и муравьёв] {{ref-en}}
* [http://gears.tucson.ars.ag.gov Исследовательский пчелиный центр Карла Хайдена] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051101200313/http://gears.tucson.ars.ag.gov/ |date=2005-11-01 }} {{ref-en}}
* [http://www.abc.net.au/science/scribblygum/may2003/default.htm Спасение австралийских нежалящих пчёл] {{ref-en}}
* [http://www.sankey.ws/firstbee.html Первая весенняя пчела] {{ref-en}}
* [http://beegu.ru/ Гуру пчеловода. Статьи о пчеловодстве, пчёлах и мёде] {{ref-ru}}
* [http://ohotaroy.my1.ru Тематический сайт «Охотники за роями»] {{ref-ru}}
* [http://www.insectpix.net Общественные пчёлы в британских садах]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{ref-en}}
* [http://www.surviveoutdoors.com/reference/beeswasps/index.asp Bee Stings] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716022901/http://www.surviveoutdoors.com/reference/beeswasps/index.asp |date=2011-07-16 }} {{ref-en}}
* [http://antclub.ru/lib/brian-m-v/obshchestvennye-nasekomye Книга «Общественные насекомые» Майкл Брайен] {{ref-ru}}
* [http://www.discoverlife.org/20/q?search=Apoidea All Living Things] Определение и фото пчелиных Apoidea. {{ref-en}}
* [http://www.earthlife.net/insects/solbees.html Solitary Bees] Популярное введение в мир Apoidea. {{ref-en}}
* [http://www.bombus.it/pdf/fiori_e_api/fiori_e_api.pdf Пчёлы на цветах Европы pdf]. {{ref-en}}
* [http://research.calacademy.org/research/entomology/Entomology_Resources/Hymenoptera/sphecidae/Genera_and_species_PDF/introduction.htm История классификации надсемейства] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090618113113/http://research.calacademy.org/research/entomology/Entomology_Resources/Hymenoptera/sphecidae/Genera_and_species_PDF/introduction.htm |date=2009-06-18 }} {{ref-en}}
[[Категори:Хоорхой шумуул]]
[[Категори:Хүдөө ажахы]]
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Микронезиин Холбооной Улас
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{{Инфобокс улас
| coordinates = {{Coord|6|55|N|158|11|E|type:city}}
| languages_type = Албан хэлэн
| languages2_type = Нютагай<br/>хэлэн
| leader_name2 = [[Ёсиво Джордж]]
| conventional_long_name = Микронезиин Холбооной Улас
| image_flag = Flag of the Federated States of Micronesia.svg
| image_coat = Seal of the Federated States of Micronesia.svg
| common_name = Микронезиин Холбооной Улас
| flag_type = [[Микронезиин Холбооной Уласай Туг|Туг]]
| symbol_type = [[Микронезиин Холбооной Уласай Тамга|Тамга]]
| national_motto = "Энхэ тайбан, Нэгэдэл, Эрхэ сүлөө"
| national_anthem = "[[Микронезиин Түрын Дуулал|Микронезиин Патриодууд]]"<br /><div style="padding-top:0.5em;" class="center">[[File:Full performance of the Micronesian national anthem by the U.S. Navy Band.wav]]</div>
| image_map = Micronesia on the globe (small islands magnified) (Polynesia centered).svg
| capital = [[Паликир]]
| largest_settlement = [[Вено]]<ref>{{cite book |title=Summary Analysis of Key Indicators: from the FSM 2010 Census of Population and Housing |url=http://prism.spc.int/images/census_reports/FSM_2010_Census_Indicators_Final.pdf |publisher=Division of Statistics, Office of SBOC |location=Palikir |page=8 |access-date=16 March 2018 |via=Prism (SPC) |archive-date=April 17, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180417043635/http://prism.spc.int/images/census_reports/FSM_2010_Census_Indicators_Final.pdf |url-status=live }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180417043635/http://prism.spc.int/images/census_reports/FSM_2010_Census_Indicators_Final.pdf |date=17 April 2018 }}</ref>
| largest_settlement_type = һуурин
| languages = [[Англи хэлэн|Англи]]
| languages2 = [[Чуук хэлэн|Чуук]]{{*}}[[Косяэ хэлэн|Косяэ]]{{*}}[[Понпей хэлэн|Понпей]]{{*}}[[Яп хэлэн|Яп]]
| ethnic_groups = 48.8% [[Чуукшууд]]<br />24.2% Понпейшууд<br />6.2% Косяэшууд<br />5.2% [[Яп (арад)|Япууд]]<br />4.5% Гадаад Япууд<br />1.8% [[Ази хүнүүд|Ази]]<br />1.5% [[Полинезшууд]]<br />6.4% Бусад<br /> 1.4% Мэдэгдээгүй
| ethnic_groups_year = 2000
| religion = 95.3% [[Микронезиин Холбооной Улас дахи Христосой шажан|Христос]]<br />—52.6% [[Католик сүмэ|Римэй Католик]]<br />—41.7% [[Протестантизм]]<br />—1.0% Бусад [[Христосой шажанай конфессиин жагсаалта|Христос]]<br />4.1% [[Арадай шажан]]<br />0.6% [[Шажангүйн үзэл|Шажангүй]] / Бусад
| religion_year = 2016
| religion_ref = <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/federated-states-of-micronesia/religious_demography#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010|title=Religions in Federated States Of Micronesia | PEW-GRF|website=www.globalreligiousfutures.org|access-date=August 2, 2020|archive-date=July 3, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200703082110/http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/federated-states-of-micronesia/religious_demography#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010|url-status=live|accessdate=July 7, 2022|archivedate=July 3, 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200703082110/http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/federated-states-of-micronesia/religious_demography#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010}}</ref>
| demonym = Микронезишууд
| government_type = [[Нам бэшэ арадшалал]] доорохи [[Холбооной улас|холбооной]] [[Улас оронуудай жагсаалта засаглалай системээр#Ассамблей-тусгаар бүгэдэ найрамдаха системэ|ассемблейн-тусгаар бүгэдэ найрамдаха улас]]
| leader_title1 = [[Микронезиин Холбооной Уласай Юрэнхылэгшэ|Юрэнхылэгшэ]]
| leader_name1 = [[Дэвид Пануэло]]
| leader_title2 = [[Микронезиин Холбооной Уласай Вице-Юрэнхылэгшэ|Вице-Юрэнхылэгшэ]]
| legislature = [[Микронезиин Холбооной Уласай Конгресс|Конгресс]]
| sovereignty_type = Түүхэ
| established_event1 = БНУ-ые тунхаглаба
| established_date1 = 5 һарын 10, 1979
| established_event2 = [[Сүлөөтэ Ассоциациин Хэрээ]]
| established_date2 = 11 һарын 3, 1986
| p1 = Номгон далайн аралнуудай харгалзалга дахи нютаг
| flag_p1 = Flag of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands.svg
| area_km2 = 702
| area_rank = 177 <!-- Should match [[List of countries and dependencies by area]] -->
| area_sq_mi = 271 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers]]-->
| percent_water = үсөөхэн
| population_estimate = 104,468<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fsmstatistics.fm/book1/|title=NA – FSM Statistics|access-date=June 10, 2020|archive-date=September 28, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200928224402/http://www.fsmstatistics.fm/book1/|url-status=live|accessdate=July 7, 2022|archivedate=September 28, 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200928224402/http://www.fsmstatistics.fm/book1/}}</ref>
| population_estimate_year = 2019
| population_estimate_rank = 198
| population_density_km2 = 158.1
| population_density_rank = 75
| population_density_sq_mi = 409.6 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers]]-->
| GDP_PPP = $367 сая
| GDP_PPP_year = 2019
| GDP_PPP_rank =
| GDP_PPP_per_capita = $3,584<ref name="imf.org">{{Cite web|url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=38&pr.y=0&sy=2017&ey=2024&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=868&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC&grp=0&a=|title=Report for Selected Countries and Subjects|website=www.imf.org|access-date=May 12, 2020|archive-date=June 12, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200612082227/https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=38&pr.y=0&sy=2017&ey=2024&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=868&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC&grp=0&a=|url-status=live}}</ref>
| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank =
| GDP_nominal = $383 сая
| GDP_nominal_year = 2019
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = $3,735<ref name="imf.org"/>
| Gini = 40.1 <!--number only-->
| Gini_year = 2013
| Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady-->
| Gini_ref = <ref name=gini-index>{{cite web|title=GINI index|url=http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?order=wbapi_data_value_2002+wbapi_data_value+wbapi_data_value-last&sort=asc&page=2|publisher=World Bank|access-date=26 July 2013|archive-date=December 20, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220051710/http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?order=wbapi_data_value_2002+wbapi_data_value+wbapi_data_value-last&sort=asc&page=2|url-status=live|accessdate=7 July 2022|archivedate=20 December 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220051710/http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?order=wbapi_data_value_2002+wbapi_data_value+wbapi_data_value-last&sort=asc&page=2}}</ref>
| Gini_rank =
| HDI = 0.620 <!--number only-->
| HDI_year = 2019 <!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year-->
| HDI_change = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady-->
| HDI_ref = <ref name="UNHDR">{{cite book|title=Human Development Report 2020 The Next Frontier: Human Development and the Anthropocene|date=15 December 2020|publisher=United Nations Development Programme|isbn=978-92-1-126442-5|pages=343–346|url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2020.pdf|access-date=16 December 2020|archive-date=December 15, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201215063955/http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2020.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
| HDI_rank = 136
| currency = [[АНУ-ын доллар]]
| currency_code = USD
| time_zone =
| utc_offset = +10 ба +11
| utc_offset_DST =
| time_zone_DST = ''ажаглагдадаггүй''
| date_format = һһ/үү/жжжж
| drives_on = баруун
| calling_code = [[Микронезиин Холбооной Улас дахи Телефоной номер|+691]]
| iso3166code = FM
| cctld = [[.fm]]
| footnote_a = Regional languages used at state and municipal levels.
| official_website = [https://fsmgov.org/ fsmgov.org]
}}
'''Микронезиин Холбооной Улас''' ({{lang-en|Federated States of Micronesia}}; '''МХУ'''), гү, али '''Микронези''', болбол [[Океани]] дахи [[аралай улас]].
==Зүүлтэ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Австрали ба Океани}}
[[Категори:Микронезиин Холбооной Улас| ]]
[[Категори:1986 ондо Океанида байгуулагдаhан]]
[[Категори:АНУ-тай ассоциацитай улас]]
[[Категори:Каролинай аралнууд|*Микронезиин Холбооной Улас]]
[[Категори:Микронезиин улас|Микронезиин Холбооной Улас]]
[[Категори:Океаниин улас]]
[[Категори:Англи хэлээр хэлэлсэдэг уласууд ба газар нютагууд]]
[[Категори:Хуушан Германиин колони]]
[[Категори:Хуушан Японой колони]]
[[Категори:Хуушан Испаниин колони]]
[[Категори:Аралай уласууд]]
[[Категори:НҮБ-эй гэшүүн уласууд]]
[[Категори:Испаниин Баруун Энэдхэг]]
[[Категори:1986 ондо байгуулагдаhан улас ба газар нютаг]]
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