Wikipedia cebwiki https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unang_Panid MediaWiki 1.45.0-wmf.6 first-letter Medya Espesyal Hisgot Gumagamit Hisgot sa Gumagamit Wikipedia Hisgot sa Wikipedia Payl Hisgot sa Payl MediaWiki Hisgot sa MediaWiki Plantilya Hisgot sa Plantilya Tabang Hisgot sa Tabang Kategoriya Hisgot sa Kategoriya TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 149613 35429891 30062750 2025-06-20T13:58:32Z Poco a poco 4364 image 35429891 wikitext text/x-wiki {{paghimo ni bot|Lsjbot|gasang|date=2020-11}} {{Taxobox | name = ''Pacifigorgia'' | status = | image = Gorgonia del Pacífico (Pacifigorgia sp.), Los Cabos, Baja California, México, 2024-12-17, DD 79.jpg | image_caption = | domain = | regnum = [[Animalia]] | phylum = [[Nidariya|Cnidaria]] | classis = [[Gasang (mananap)|Anthozoa]] | ordo = [[Alcyonacea]] | familia = [[Gorgoniidae]] | genus = '''Pacifigorgia''' | species = | binomial = Pacifigorgia | binomial_authority = | range_map = | range_map_caption = | image2 = | image2_caption = | synonyms = }} [[Kahenera]] sa [[mga gasang]] ang '''''Pacifigorgia'''''<ref name = "COL"/>. Ang ''Pacifigorgia'' sakop sa [[pamilya (biyolohiya)|kabanay]] nga [[Gorgoniidae]].<ref name = "COL"/> <!-- katapusan sa gisulat --> == Matang nga nahiubos<ref name = "COL"/> == * ''[[Pacifigorgia adamsii]]'' * ''[[Pacifigorgia agassizii]]'' * ''[[Pacifigorgia arenata]]'' * ''[[Pacifigorgia bayeri]]'' * ''[[Pacifigorgia cairnsi]]'' * ''[[Pacifigorgia catedralensis]]'' * ''[[Pacifigorgia cribrum]]'' * ''[[Pacifigorgia curta]]'' * ''[[Pacifigorgia dampieri]]'' * ''[[Pacifigorgia darwinii]]'' * ''[[Pacifigorgia douglasii]]'' * ''[[Pacifigorgia elegans]]'' * ''[[Pacifigorgia englemanni]]'' * ''[[Pacifigorgia exilis]]'' * ''[[Pacifigorgia eximia]]'' * ''[[Pacifigorgia ferruginea]]'' * ''[[Pacifigorgia firma]]'' * ''[[Pacifigorgia flavimaculata]]'' * ''[[Pacifigorgia gracilis]]'' * ''[[Pacifigorgia irene]]'' * ''[[Pacifigorgia lacerata]]'' * ''[[Pacifigorgia marviva]]'' * ''[[Pacifigorgia media]]'' * ''[[Pacifigorgia pulchra]]'' * ''[[Pacifigorgia rubicunda]]'' * ''[[Pacifigorgia rubinoffi]]'' * ''[[Pacifigorgia rubripunctata]]'' * ''[[Pacifigorgia rutila]]'' * ''[[Pacifigorgia samarensis]]'' * ''[[Pacifigorgia sculpta]]'' * ''[[Pacifigorgia senta]]'' * ''[[Pacifigorgia smithsoniana]]'' * ''[[Pacifigorgia stenobrochis]]'' * ''[[Pacifigorgia symbiotica]]'' * ''[[Pacifigorgia tabogae]]'' * ''[[Pacifigorgia tupperi]]'' == Ang mga gi basihan niini == <references> <ref name = "COL">{{cite web |url= http://www.catalogueoflife.org/DCA_Export/zip-fixed/2019-annual.zip|title= Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2019 Annual Checklist.|author= Roskov Y., Kunze T., Orrell T., Abucay L., Paglinawan L., Culham A., Bailly N., Kirk P., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Decock W., De Wever A., Didžiulis V. (ed)|year= 2019|publisher= Species 2000: Naturalis, Leiden, the Netherlands. ISSN 2405-884X. TaxonID: 54966276|accessdate= 2019-11-11}}</ref> </references> [[Kategoriya:Gasang]] [[Kategoriya:Pacifigorgia]] m5supz1s77xg7qm1d2qbrt6dy8nyndd 0 4062166 35429900 34212927 2025-06-20T23:36:05Z Ziv 111351 ([[c:GR|GR]]) [[File:Wittenbach-SG-blazono.png]] → [[File:Wittenbach-blazon.svg]] → File replacement: jpg/png/gif to svg vector image ([[c::c:GR]]) 35429900 wikitext text/x-wiki {{paghimo ni bot|Lsjbot|Nasod nga Swiss|date=2016-03}} :''Alang sa ubang mga dapit sa mao gihapon nga ngalan, tan-awa ang [[Wittenbach]].'' {{geobox | 1 = Settlement <!-- *** Header *** --> | name = Wittenbach | native_name = | other_name = | category = Lungsod | etymology = | official_name = | motto = | nickname = <!-- *** Image *** --> | image = | image_caption = <!-- *** Symbols *** --> | flag = | symbol = Wittenbach-blazon.svg | symbol_type = <!-- *** Admin *** --> | country = {{flag|Nasod nga Swiss}} | country_flag = | state = [[Kanton St. Gallen]] | state_type = Kanton | region = [[Wahlkreis St. Gallen]] | region_type = Distrito | district = | district_type = | municipality = | municipality_type = <!-- *** Associated with *** --> | part = | landmark = | river = <!-- *** Location *** --> | location = | elevation = 612 | lat_d = 47.46108 | lat_m = | lat_s = | lat_NS = | long_d = 9.38601 | long_m = | long_s = | long_EW = | highest = | highest_note = | highest_elevation = | highest_elevation_note = | lowest = | lowest_note = | lowest_elevation = | lowest_elevation_note = <!-- *** Dimensions *** --> | length = | length_orientation = | width = | width_orientation = | area = | area_decimals = | area_land = | area_land_decimals = | area_water = | area_water_decimals = | area_urban = | area_urban_decimals = | area_metro = | area_metro_decimals = | area_municipal = | area_municipal_decimals = <!-- *** Population *** --> | population = 8542 | population_date = 2015-09-06 | population_note = <ref name = "gn2657968"/> | population_urban = | population_urban_date = | population_urban_note = | population_metro = | population_metro_date = | population_metro_note = | population_municipal = | population_municipal_date = | population_municipal_note = | population_density = | population_density_note = | population_urban_density = | population_urban_density_note = | population_metro_density = | population_metro_density_note = | population_municipal_density = | population_municipal_density_note = <!-- *** People *** --> | population1 = | population1_type = | population2 = | population2_type = | population3 = | population3_type = <!-- *** History and politics *** --> | established = | established_type = | date = | date_type = | government = | government_location = | government_region = | government_state = | mayor = | mayor_party = | leader = | leader_type = <!-- *** Codes *** --> | timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]] | utc_offset = +1 | timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] | utc_offset_DST = +2 | postal_code = {{#property:P281}} | postal_code_type = | area_code = | area_code_type = | code = | code_type = | code1 = | code1_type = <!-- *** Free *** --> | free = | free_type = | free1 = | free1_type = <!-- *** Maps *** --> | map = | map_caption = | map_locator = | map_locator_x = | map_locator_y = <!-- *** Website *** --> | website = <!-- *** Notes *** --> | footnotes = | timezone_label = Europe/Zurich | map2 = Karte Gemeinde Wittenbach.png }} <!--P.PPL-->[[Lungsod]] ang '''Wittenbach''' sa [[Nasod nga Swiss]].<ref name = "gn2657968"/> Nahimutang ni sa distrito sa <!--ADM2-->[[Wahlkreis St. Gallen]] ug kanton sa <!--ADM1-->[[Kanton St. Gallen]], sa sidlakang bahin sa nasod, {{formatnum:160}} km sa sidlakan sa [[Bern (ulohang dakbayan)|Bern]] ang ulohan sa nasod. {{formatnum:612}} metros ibabaw sa dagat kahaboga ang nahimutangan sa Wittenbach<ref name = "gn2657968"/>, ug adunay <!--pop-->{{formatnum:8542}} ka molupyo.<ref name = "gn2657968"/> Ang yuta palibot sa Wittenbach kabungtoran sa habagatan, apan sa amihanan nga kini mao ang patag. Ang yuta palibot sa Wittenbach nga tinakpan sa ubos sa amihanan.{{efn|group=saysay|Kalkulado gikan sa pakigbingkil sa tanan nga gitas-on data (DEM 3") gikan sa Viewfinder Panoramas, sa sulod sa 10 ka kilometro radius.<ref name = "vp"/> Ang bug-os nga algoritmo anaa [https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Projekt_DotNetWikiBot_Framework/Lsjbot/Make-Geonames dinhi].}} Ang kinahabogang dapit sa palibot dunay gihabogon nga {{formatnum:779}} ka metro ug {{formatnum:1.1 }} km sa habagatan sa Wittenbach.{{efn|group=saysay|Kalkulado gikan sa gitas-on data (DEM 3") gikan sa Viewfinder Panoramas.<ref name = "vp"/> Ang bug-os nga algoritmo anaa [https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Projekt_DotNetWikiBot_Framework/Lsjbot/Make-Geonames dinhi].}} Dunay mga {{formatnum:709}} ka tawo kada kilometro kwadrado sa palibot sa Wittenbach nga hilabihan populasyon.<ref name = "nasapop"/> Ang kinadul-ang mas dakong lungsod mao ang [[Sankt Gallen (kapital sa kanton)|Sankt Gallen]], {{formatnum:4.2}} km sa habagatan sa Wittenbach. Hapit nalukop sa [[kaumahan]] ang palibot sa Wittenbach.<ref name = "nasalandcover"/> Sa rehiyon palibot sa Wittenbach, kabukiran talagsaon komon.{{efn|group=saysay|Mas sulod sa 20 ka kilometro gilay-on itandi sa average nga densidad sa Yuta, sumala sa GeoNames.<ref name = "gn2657968"/>}} Ang klima [[boreal]].<ref name = "koppen"/> Ang kasarangang giiniton {{formatnum:7}} [[°C]]. Ang kinainitan nga bulan Agosto, sa {{formatnum:20}}&nbsp;[[°C]], ug ang kinabugnawan Disyembre, sa {{formatnum:-6}}&nbsp;°C.<ref name = "nasa"/> Ang kasarangang pag-ulan {{formatnum:1954}} milimetro matag tuig. Ang kinabasaan nga bulan Hunyo, sa {{formatnum:234}} milimetro nga ulan, ug ang kinaugahan Marso, sa {{formatnum:81}} milimetro.<ref name = "nasarain"/> {| |- |{{climate chart | Wittenbach | -7| -1| 157 | -6| 1| 114 | -2| 7| 81 | 3| 15| 139 | 9| 19| 183 | 10| 22| 234 | 12| 23| 188 | 18| 22| 207 | 9| 17| 159 | 4| 13| 163 | -3| 4| 183 | -8| -4| 147 |float=left |clear=left |source = <ref name = "nasa"/> }} |} {{Location map|Switzerland |float = right |width=300 | caption = Nahimutangan sa Wittenbach sa Nasod nga Swiss. | label = Wittenbach|position=left|background=white|lat=47.46108|long=9.38601}} == Saysay == <references group="saysay"/> == Ang mga gi basihan niini == <references> <ref name = "gn2657968">[{{Geonameslink|gnid=2657968|name=wittenbach}} Wittenbach] at [{{Geonamesabout}} GeoNames.Org (cc-by)]; post updated 2015-09-06; database download sa 2016-01-03</ref> <ref name = "vp">{{Cite web |url= {{Viewfinderlink}}|title= Viewfinder Panoramas Digital elevation Model|date= 2015-06-21|format= }}</ref> <ref name = "nasapop">{{Cite web |url= http://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/view.php?datasetId=SEDAC_POP|title= NASA Earth Observations: Population Density|access-date = 30 Enero 2016 |publisher= NASA/SEDAC}}</ref> <ref name = "nasalandcover">{{Cite web |url= http://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/view.php?datasetId=MCD12C1_T1|title= NASA Earth Observations: Land Cover Classification|access-date = 30 Enero 2016 |publisher= NASA/MODIS}}</ref> <ref name = "koppen">{{cite journal |last= Peel|first= M C|last2= Finlayson|first2= B L|date= |title= Updated world map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification| url = http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/11/1633/2007/hess-11-1633-2007.html |journal= Hydrology and Earth System Sciences|publisher= |volume= 11|issue= |pages= 1633-1644|doi= 10.5194/hess-11-1633-2007|access-date=30 Enero 2016}}</ref> <ref name = "nasa">{{Cite web |url= http://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/dataset_index.php|title= NASA Earth Observations Data Set Index|access-date = 30 Enero 2016 |publisher= NASA}}</ref> <ref name = "nasarain">{{Cite web |url= http://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/view.php?datasetId=TRMM_3B43M&year=2014|title= NASA Earth Observations: Rainfall (1 month - TRMM)|access-date = 30 Enero 2016 |publisher= NASA/Tropical Rainfall Monitoring Mission}}</ref> </references> == Gikan sa gawas nga tinubdan== {{commonscat|Wittenbach|Wittenbach}} [[Kategoriya:Mga lungsod sa Kanton St. Gallen]] [[Kategoriya:Mga lungsod sa Nasod nga Swiss nga mas dako pa kay sa 3000 ka mga tawo]] 8sdc9y3ud5mn1vrc4705yjjqnyb3lx0 0 4062249 35429899 35078653 2025-06-20T23:11:49Z Ziv 111351 ([[c:GR|GR]]) [[File:CHE Wattwil COA.png]] → [[File:CHE Wattwil COA.svg]] → File replacement: jpg/png/gif to svg vector image ([[c::c:GR]]) 35429899 wikitext text/x-wiki {{paghimo ni bot|Lsjbot|Nasod nga Swiss|date=2016-03}} :''Alang sa ubang mga dapit sa mao gihapon nga ngalan, tan-awa ang [[Wattwil]].'' {{geobox | 1 = Settlement <!-- *** Header *** --> | name = Wattwil | native_name = | other_name = | category = Lungsod | etymology = | official_name = | motto = | nickname = <!-- *** Image *** --> | image = Thurbruecke Wattwil 01 11.jpg | image_caption = <!-- *** Symbols *** --> | flag = | symbol = CHE Wattwil COA.svg | symbol_type = <!-- *** Admin *** --> | country = {{flag|Nasod nga Swiss}} | country_flag = | state = [[Kanton St. Gallen]] | state_type = Kanton | region = [[Wahlkreis Toggenburg]] | region_type = Distrito | district = | district_type = | municipality = | municipality_type = <!-- *** Associated with *** --> | part = | landmark = | river = <!-- *** Location *** --> | location = | elevation = 631 | lat_d = 47.29955 | lat_m = | lat_s = | lat_NS = | long_d = 9.08657 | long_m = | long_s = | long_EW = | highest = | highest_note = | highest_elevation = | highest_elevation_note = | lowest = | lowest_note = | lowest_elevation = | lowest_elevation_note = <!-- *** Dimensions *** --> | length = | length_orientation = | width = | width_orientation = | area = | area_decimals = | area_land = | area_land_decimals = | area_water = | area_water_decimals = | area_urban = | area_urban_decimals = | area_metro = | area_metro_decimals = | area_municipal = | area_municipal_decimals = <!-- *** Population *** --> | population = 8089 | population_date = 2015-09-06 | population_note = <ref name = "gn2658042"/> | population_urban = | population_urban_date = | population_urban_note = | population_metro = | population_metro_date = | population_metro_note = | population_municipal = | population_municipal_date = | population_municipal_note = | population_density = | population_density_note = | population_urban_density = | population_urban_density_note = | population_metro_density = | population_metro_density_note = | population_municipal_density = | population_municipal_density_note = <!-- *** People *** --> | population1 = | population1_type = | population2 = | population2_type = | population3 = | population3_type = <!-- *** History and politics *** --> | established = | established_type = | date = | date_type = | government = | government_location = | government_region = | government_state = | mayor = | mayor_party = | leader = | leader_type = <!-- *** Codes *** --> | timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]] | utc_offset = +1 | timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] | utc_offset_DST = +2 | postal_code = {{#property:P281}} | postal_code_type = | area_code = | area_code_type = | code = | code_type = | code1 = | code1_type = <!-- *** Free *** --> | free = | free_type = | free1 = | free1_type = <!-- *** Maps *** --> | map = | map_caption = | map_locator = | map_locator_x = | map_locator_y = <!-- *** Website *** --> | website = <!-- *** Notes *** --> | footnotes = | timezone_label = Europe/Zurich | map2 = Karte Gemeinde Wattwil 2013.png }} <!--P.PPL-->[[Lungsod]] ang '''Wattwil''' sa [[Nasod nga Swiss]].<ref name = "gn2658042"/> Nahimutang ni sa distrito sa <!--ADM2-->[[Wahlkreis Toggenburg]] ug kanton sa <!--ADM1-->[[Kanton St. Gallen]], sa sidlakang bahin sa nasod, {{formatnum:130}} km sa sidlakan sa [[Bern (ulohang dakbayan)|Bern]] ang ulohan sa nasod. {{formatnum:631}} metros ibabaw sa dagat kahaboga ang nahimutangan sa Wattwil<ref name = "gn2658042"/>, ug adunay <!--pop-->{{formatnum:8089}} ka molupyo.<ref name = "gn2658042"/> Ang yuta palibot sa Wattwil kasagaran kabungtoran. Wattwil nahimutang sa usa ka walog.{{efn|group=saysay|Kalkulado gikan sa pakigbingkil sa tanan nga gitas-on data (DEM 3") gikan sa Viewfinder Panoramas, sa sulod sa 10 ka kilometro radius.<ref name = "vp"/> Ang bug-os nga algoritmo anaa [https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Projekt_DotNetWikiBot_Framework/Lsjbot/Make-Geonames dinhi].}} Ang kinahabogang dapit sa palibot dunay gihabogon nga {{formatnum:954}} ka metro ug {{formatnum:1.2 }} km sa kasadpan sa Wattwil.{{efn|group=saysay|Kalkulado gikan sa gitas-on data (DEM 3") gikan sa Viewfinder Panoramas.<ref name = "vp"/> Ang bug-os nga algoritmo anaa [https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Projekt_DotNetWikiBot_Framework/Lsjbot/Make-Geonames dinhi].}} Dunay mga {{formatnum:86}} ka tawo kada kilometro kwadrado sa palibot sa Wattwil medyo hilabihan populasyon.<ref name = "nasapop"/> Ang kinadul-ang mas dakong lungsod mao ang [[Gossau (lungsod sa Nasod nga Swiss, Kanton St. Gallen, Wahlkreis St. Gallen, lat 47,42, long 9,25)|Gossau]], {{formatnum:18.1}} km sa amihanan-sidlakan sa Wattwil. Hapit nalukop sa [[kaumahan]] ang palibot sa Wattwil.<ref name = "nasalandcover"/> Sa rehiyon palibot sa Wattwil, kabukiran, ug mga bungtod talagsaon komon.{{efn|group=saysay|Mas sulod sa 20 ka kilometro gilay-on itandi sa average nga densidad sa Yuta, sumala sa GeoNames.<ref name = "gn2658042"/>}} Ang kasarangang giiniton {{formatnum:6}} [[°C]]. Ang kinainitan nga bulan Hulyo, sa {{formatnum:18}}&nbsp;[[°C]], ug ang kinabugnawan Disyembre, sa {{formatnum:-7}}&nbsp;°C.<ref name = "nasa"/> Ang kasarangang pag-ulan {{formatnum:1954}} milimetro matag tuig. Ang kinabasaan nga bulan Hunyo, sa {{formatnum:234}} milimetro nga ulan, ug ang kinaugahan Marso, sa {{formatnum:81}} milimetro.<ref name = "nasarain"/> {| |- |{{climate chart | Wattwil | -9| -4| 157 | -7| -1| 114 | -4| 5| 81 | 3| 13| 139 | 6| 18| 183 | 10| 20| 234 | 13| 22| 188 | 13| 21| 207 | 8| 16| 159 | 6| 13| 163 | -4| 3| 183 | -9| -5| 147 |float=left |clear=left |source = <ref name = "nasa"/> }} |} {{Location map|Switzerland |float = right |width=300 | caption = Nahimutangan sa Wattwil sa Nasod nga Swiss. | label = Wattwil|position=right|background=white|lat=47.29955|long=9.08657}} == Saysay == <references group="saysay"/> == Ang mga gi basihan niini == <references> <ref name = "gn2658042">[{{Geonameslink|gnid=2658042|name=wattwil}} Wattwil] at [{{Geonamesabout}} GeoNames.Org (cc-by)]; post updated 2015-09-06; database download sa 2016-01-03</ref> <ref name = "vp">{{Cite web |url= {{Viewfinderlink}}|title= Viewfinder Panoramas Digital elevation Model|date= 2015-06-21|format= }}</ref> <ref name = "nasapop">{{Cite web |url= http://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/view.php?datasetId=SEDAC_POP|title= NASA Earth Observations: Population Density|access-date = 30 Enero 2016 |publisher= NASA/SEDAC}}</ref> <ref name = "nasalandcover">{{Cite web |url= http://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/view.php?datasetId=MCD12C1_T1|title= NASA Earth Observations: Land Cover Classification|access-date = 30 Enero 2016 |publisher= NASA/MODIS}}</ref> <ref name = "nasa">{{Cite web |url= http://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/dataset_index.php|title= NASA Earth Observations Data Set Index|access-date = 30 Enero 2016 |publisher= NASA}}</ref> <ref name = "nasarain">{{Cite web |url= http://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/view.php?datasetId=TRMM_3B43M&year=2014|title= NASA Earth Observations: Rainfall (1 month - TRMM)|access-date = 30 Enero 2016 |publisher= NASA/Tropical Rainfall Monitoring Mission}}</ref> </references> == Gikan sa gawas nga tinubdan== {{commonscat|Wattwil|Wattwil}} [[Kategoriya:Mga lungsod sa Kanton St. Gallen]] [[Kategoriya:Mga lungsod sa Nasod nga Swiss nga mas dako pa kay sa 3000 ka mga tawo]] lmcc5jbe7o7d2flmx3nd5hu2wqaoydu 0 4062275 35429903 31374340 2025-06-21T00:34:32Z Ziv 111351 ([[c:GR|GR]]) [[File:Walenstadt-coat of arms.svg]] → [[File:CHE Walenstadt COA.svg]] → File replacement: update to new version ([[c:c:GR]]) 35429903 wikitext text/x-wiki {{paghimo ni bot|Lsjbot|Nasod nga Swiss|date=2016-03}} :''Alang sa ubang mga dapit sa mao gihapon nga ngalan, tan-awa ang [[Walenstadt]].'' {{geobox | 1 = Settlement <!-- *** Header *** --> | name = Walenstadt | native_name = | other_name = Wallendstadt | category = Lungsod | etymology = | official_name = | motto = | nickname = <!-- *** Image *** --> | image = Walensee2.JPG | image_caption = <!-- *** Symbols *** --> | flag = | symbol = CHE Walenstadt COA.svg | symbol_type = <!-- *** Admin *** --> | country = {{flag|Nasod nga Swiss}} | country_flag = | state = [[Kanton St. Gallen]] | state_type = Kanton | region = [[Wahlkreis Sarganserland]] | region_type = Distrito | district = | district_type = | municipality = | municipality_type = <!-- *** Associated with *** --> | part = | landmark = | river = <!-- *** Location *** --> | location = | elevation = 426 | lat_d = 47.12411 | lat_m = | lat_s = | lat_NS = | long_d = 9.31194 | long_m = | long_s = | long_EW = | highest = | highest_note = | highest_elevation = | highest_elevation_note = | lowest = | lowest_note = | lowest_elevation = | lowest_elevation_note = <!-- *** Dimensions *** --> | length = | length_orientation = | width = | width_orientation = | area = | area_decimals = | area_land = | area_land_decimals = | area_water = | area_water_decimals = | area_urban = | area_urban_decimals = | area_metro = | area_metro_decimals = | area_municipal = | area_municipal_decimals = <!-- *** Population *** --> | population = 5000 | population_date = 2013-04-02 | population_note = <ref name = "gn2658061"/> | population_urban = | population_urban_date = | population_urban_note = | population_metro = | population_metro_date = | population_metro_note = | population_municipal = | population_municipal_date = | population_municipal_note = | population_density = | population_density_note = | population_urban_density = | population_urban_density_note = | population_metro_density = | population_metro_density_note = | population_municipal_density = | population_municipal_density_note = <!-- *** People *** --> | population1 = | population1_type = | population2 = | population2_type = | population3 = | population3_type = <!-- *** History and politics *** --> | established = | established_type = | date = | date_type = | government = | government_location = | government_region = | government_state = | mayor = | mayor_party = | leader = | leader_type = <!-- *** Codes *** --> | timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]] | utc_offset = +1 | timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] | utc_offset_DST = +2 | postal_code = {{#property:P281}} | postal_code_type = | area_code = | area_code_type = | code = | code_type = | code1 = | code1_type = <!-- *** Free *** --> | free = | free_type = | free1 = | free1_type = <!-- *** Maps *** --> | map = | map_caption = | map_locator = | map_locator_x = | map_locator_y = <!-- *** Website *** --> | website = <!-- *** Notes *** --> | footnotes = | other_name1 = Wallenstadt | other_name2 = | timezone_label = Europe/Zurich | map2 = Karte Gemeinde Walenstadt 2007.png }} <!--P.PPL-->[[Lungsod]] ang '''Walenstadt''' sa [[Nasod nga Swiss]].<ref name = "gn2658061"/> Nahimutang ni sa distrito sa <!--ADM2-->[[Wahlkreis Sarganserland]] ug kanton sa <!--ADM1-->[[Kanton St. Gallen]], sa sidlakang bahin sa nasod, {{formatnum:140}} km sa sidlakan sa [[Bern (ulohang dakbayan)|Bern]] ang ulohan sa nasod. {{formatnum:426}} metros ibabaw sa dagat kahaboga ang nahimutangan sa Walenstadt<ref name = "gn2658061"/>, ug adunay <!--pop-->{{formatnum:5000}} ka molupyo.<ref name = "gn2658061"/> Walenstadt nga nahimutang sa lanaw sa [[Walensee]]. Ang yuta palibot sa Walenstadt kasagaran kabukiran. Walenstadt nahimutang sa usa ka walog.{{efn|group=saysay|Kalkulado gikan sa pakigbingkil sa tanan nga gitas-on data (DEM 3") gikan sa Viewfinder Panoramas, sa sulod sa 10 ka kilometro radius.<ref name = "vp"/> Ang bug-os nga algoritmo anaa [https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Projekt_DotNetWikiBot_Framework/Lsjbot/Make-Geonames dinhi].}} Kinahabogang dapit sa palibot ang [[Rosenböden]], {{formatnum:2208}} ka metros ni kahaboga ibabaw sa dagat, {{formatnum:2.7}} km sa amihanan sa Walenstadt.{{efn|group=saysay|Ang punto nga labing taas sa ibabaw sa mga lokal nga kapunawpunawan, sumala sa gihabogon data sa GeoNames.<ref name = "gn2658061"/>}} Dunay mga {{formatnum:60}} ka tawo kada kilometro kwadrado sa palibot sa Walenstadt medyo hilabihan populasyon.<ref name = "nasapop"/> Ang kinadul-ang mas dakong lungsod mao ang [[Buchs (lungsod)|Buchs]], {{formatnum:13.4}} km sa sidlakan sa Walenstadt. Hapit nalukop sa [[lasang]] nga [[sagolsagol]] ang palibot sa Walenstadt.<ref name = "nasalandcover"/> Sa rehiyon palibot sa Walenstadt, kabukiran talagsaon komon.{{efn|group=saysay|Mas sulod sa 20 ka kilometro gilay-on itandi sa average nga densidad sa Yuta, sumala sa GeoNames.<ref name = "gn2658061"/>}} Ang kasarangang giiniton {{formatnum:3}} [[°C]]. Ang kinainitan nga bulan Agosto, sa {{formatnum:14}}&nbsp;[[°C]], ug ang kinabugnawan Enero, sa {{formatnum:-10}}&nbsp;°C.<ref name = "nasa"/> Ang kasarangang pag-ulan {{formatnum:1954}} milimetro matag tuig. Ang kinabasaan nga bulan Hunyo, sa {{formatnum:234}} milimetro nga ulan, ug ang kinaugahan Marso, sa {{formatnum:81}} milimetro.<ref name = "nasarain"/> {{Location map|Switzerland |float = right |width=300 | caption = Nahimutangan sa Walenstadt sa Nasod nga Swiss. | label = Walenstadt|position=right|background=white|lat=47.12411|long=9.31194}} == Saysay == <references group="saysay"/> == Ang mga gi basihan niini == <references> <ref name = "gn2658061">[{{Geonameslink|gnid=2658061|name=walenstadt}} Walenstadt] at [{{Geonamesabout}} GeoNames.Org (cc-by)]; post updated 2013-04-02; database download sa 2016-01-03</ref> <ref name = "vp">{{Cite web |url= {{Viewfinderlink}}|title= Viewfinder Panoramas Digital elevation Model|date= 2015-06-21|format= }}</ref> <ref name = "nasapop">{{Cite web |url= http://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/view.php?datasetId=SEDAC_POP|title= NASA Earth Observations: Population Density|access-date = 30 Enero 2016 |publisher= NASA/SEDAC}}</ref> <ref name = "nasalandcover">{{Cite web |url= http://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/view.php?datasetId=MCD12C1_T1|title= NASA Earth Observations: Land Cover Classification|access-date = 30 Enero 2016 |publisher= NASA/MODIS}}</ref> <ref name = "nasa">{{Cite web |url= http://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/dataset_index.php|title= NASA Earth Observations Data Set Index|access-date = 30 Enero 2016 |publisher= NASA}}</ref> <ref name = "nasarain">{{Cite web |url= http://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/view.php?datasetId=TRMM_3B43M&year=2014|title= NASA Earth Observations: Rainfall (1 month - TRMM)|access-date = 30 Enero 2016 |publisher= NASA/Tropical Rainfall Monitoring Mission}}</ref> </references> == Gikan sa gawas nga tinubdan== {{commonscat|Walenstadt|Walenstadt}} [[Kategoriya:Mga lungsod sa Kanton St. Gallen]] [[Kategoriya:Mga lungsod sa Nasod nga Swiss nga mas dako pa kay sa 3000 ka mga tawo]] nf1lb7cae2dfpfe07b3vtc7nif5839z 0 4063259 35429914 31369958 2025-06-21T11:04:03Z Ziv 111351 ([[c:GR|GR]]) [[File:S-blaise.png]] → [[File:CHE St Blaise COA.svg]] → File replacement: jpg/png/gif to svg vector image ([[c::c:GR]]) 35429914 wikitext text/x-wiki {{paghimo ni bot|Lsjbot|Nasod nga Swiss|date=2016-03}} :''Alang sa ubang mga dapit sa mao gihapon nga ngalan, tan-awa ang [[Saint-Blaise]].'' {{geobox | 1 = Settlement <!-- *** Header *** --> | name = Saint-Blaise | native_name = | other_name = | category = Lungsod | etymology = | official_name = | motto = | nickname = <!-- *** Image *** --> | image = | image_caption = <!-- *** Symbols *** --> | flag = | symbol = CHE St Blaise COA.svg | symbol_type = <!-- *** Admin *** --> | country = {{flag|Nasod nga Swiss}} | country_flag = | state = [[Neuchâtel (kanton)|Neuchâtel]] | state_type = Kanton | region = [[Neuchâtel District]] | region_type = Distrito | district = | district_type = | municipality = | municipality_type = <!-- *** Associated with *** --> | part = | landmark = | river = <!-- *** Location *** --> | location = | elevation = 436 | lat_d = 47.01323 | lat_m = | lat_s = | lat_NS = | long_d = 6.98472 | long_m = | long_s = | long_EW = | highest = | highest_note = | highest_elevation = | highest_elevation_note = | lowest = | lowest_note = | lowest_elevation = | lowest_elevation_note = <!-- *** Dimensions *** --> | length = | length_orientation = | width = | width_orientation = | area = | area_decimals = | area_land = | area_land_decimals = | area_water = | area_water_decimals = | area_urban = | area_urban_decimals = | area_metro = | area_metro_decimals = | area_municipal = | area_municipal_decimals = <!-- *** Population *** --> | population = 3089 | population_date = 2013-02-27 | population_note = <ref name = "gn2658878"/> | population_urban = | population_urban_date = | population_urban_note = | population_metro = | population_metro_date = | population_metro_note = | population_municipal = | population_municipal_date = | population_municipal_note = | population_density = | population_density_note = | population_urban_density = | population_urban_density_note = | population_metro_density = | population_metro_density_note = | population_municipal_density = | population_municipal_density_note = <!-- *** People *** --> | population1 = | population1_type = | population2 = | population2_type = | population3 = | population3_type = <!-- *** History and politics *** --> | established = | established_type = | date = | date_type = | government = | government_location = | government_region = | government_state = | mayor = | mayor_party = | leader = | leader_type = <!-- *** Codes *** --> | timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]] | utc_offset = +1 | timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] | utc_offset_DST = +2 | postal_code = | postal_code_type = | area_code = | area_code_type = | code = | code_type = | code1 = | code1_type = <!-- *** Free *** --> | free = | free_type = | free1 = | free1_type = <!-- *** Maps *** --> | map = | map_caption = | map_locator = | map_locator_x = | map_locator_y = <!-- *** Website *** --> | website = <!-- *** Notes *** --> | footnotes = | timezone_label = Europe/Zurich | map2 = Karte Gemeinde Saint-Blaise 2009.png }} <!--P.PPL-->[[Lungsod]] ang '''Saint-Blaise''' sa [[Nasod nga Swiss]].<ref name = "gn2658878"/> Nahimutang ni sa distrito sa <!--ADM2-->[[Neuchâtel District]] ug kanton sa <!--ADM1-->[[Neuchâtel (kanton)|Neuchâtel]], sa kasadpang bahin sa nasod, {{formatnum:40}} km sa kasadpan sa [[Bern (ulohang dakbayan)|Bern]] ang ulohan sa nasod. {{formatnum:436}} metros ibabaw sa dagat kahaboga ang nahimutangan sa Saint-Blaise<ref name = "gn2658878"/>, ug adunay <!--pop-->{{formatnum:3089}} ka molupyo.<ref name = "gn2658878"/> Saint-Blaise nga nahimutang sa lanaw sa [[Lac de Neuchâtel]]. Ang yuta palibot sa Saint-Blaise kabungtoran sa amihang-kasadpan, apan sa habagatang-sidlakan nga kini mao ang patag.{{efn|group=saysay|Kalkulado gikan sa pakigbingkil sa tanan nga gitas-on data (DEM 3") gikan sa Viewfinder Panoramas, sa sulod sa 10 ka kilometro radius.<ref name = "vp"/> Ang bug-os nga algoritmo anaa [https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Projekt_DotNetWikiBot_Framework/Lsjbot/Make-Geonames dinhi].}} Kinahabogang dapit sa palibot ang [[Chaumont du Signal]], {{formatnum:1172}} ka metros ni kahaboga ibabaw sa dagat, {{formatnum:2.7}} km sa amihanan-kasadpan sa Saint-Blaise.{{efn|group=saysay|Ang punto nga labing taas sa ibabaw sa mga lokal nga kapunawpunawan, sumala sa gihabogon data sa GeoNames.<ref name = "gn2658878"/>}} Dunay mga {{formatnum:56}} ka tawo kada kilometro kwadrado sa palibot sa Saint-Blaise medyo hilabihan populasyon.<ref name = "nasapop"/> Ang kinadul-ang mas dakong lungsod mao ang [[Neuchâtel (kapital sa kanton)|Neuchâtel]], {{formatnum:4.7}} km sa habagatan-kasadpan sa Saint-Blaise. Sa rehiyon palibot sa Saint-Blaise, mga bungtod talagsaon komon.{{efn|group=saysay|Mas sulod sa 20 ka kilometro gilay-on itandi sa average nga densidad sa Yuta, sumala sa GeoNames.<ref name = "gn2658878"/>}} Ang klima [[kasarangan]]. Ang kasarangang giiniton {{formatnum:8}} [[°C]]. Ang kinainitan nga bulan Hulyo, sa {{formatnum:20}}&nbsp;[[°C]], ug ang kinabugnawan Enero, sa {{formatnum:-2}}&nbsp;°C.<ref name = "nasa"/> Ang kasarangang pag-ulan {{formatnum:1471}} milimetro matag tuig. Ang kinabasaan nga bulan Hulyo, sa {{formatnum:188}} milimetro nga ulan, ug ang kinaugahan Marso, sa {{formatnum:45}} milimetro.<ref name = "nasarain"/> {| |- |{{climate chart | Saint-Blaise | -5| 1| 119 | -5| 2| 98 | -1| 6| 45 | 3| 12| 125 | 9| 17| 142 | 15| 20| 120 | 16| 23| 188 | 15| 24| 140 | 10| 19| 109 | 6| 14| 118 | 0| 6| 138 | -5| 1| 129 |float=left |clear=left |source = <ref name = "nasa"/> }} |} {{Location map|Switzerland |float = right |width=300 | caption = Nahimutangan sa Saint-Blaise sa Nasod nga Swiss. | label = Saint-Blaise|position=right|background=white|lat=47.01323|long=6.98472}} == Saysay == <references group="saysay"/> == Ang mga gi basihan niini == <references> <ref name = "gn2658878">[{{Geonameslink|gnid=2658878|name=saint-blaise}} Saint-Blaise] at [{{Geonamesabout}} GeoNames.Org (cc-by)]; post updated 2013-02-27; database download sa 2016-01-03</ref> <ref name = "vp">{{Cite web |url= {{Viewfinderlink}}|title= Viewfinder Panoramas Digital elevation Model|date= 2015-06-21|format= }}</ref> <ref name = "nasapop">{{Cite web |url= http://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/view.php?datasetId=SEDAC_POP|title= NASA Earth Observations: Population Density|access-date = 30 Enero 2016 |publisher= NASA/SEDAC}}</ref> <ref name = "nasa">{{Cite web |url= http://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/dataset_index.php|title= NASA Earth Observations Data Set Index|access-date = 30 Enero 2016 |publisher= NASA}}</ref> <ref name = "nasarain">{{Cite web |url= http://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/view.php?datasetId=TRMM_3B43M&year=2014|title= NASA Earth Observations: Rainfall (1 month - TRMM)|access-date = 30 Enero 2016 |publisher= NASA/Tropical Rainfall Monitoring Mission}}</ref> </references> == Gikan sa gawas nga tinubdan== {{commonscat|Saint-Blaise, Switzerland|Saint-Blaise}} [[Kategoriya:Mga lungsod sa Neuchâtel (kanton)]] [[Kategoriya:Mga lungsod sa Nasod nga Swiss nga mas dako pa kay sa 3000 ka mga tawo]] g07w7lw24n5yhr2tkue4fz368ln9tee 0 4064108 35429913 35054501 2025-06-21T10:44:25Z Ziv 111351 ([[c:GR|GR]]) [[File:CHE Marbach (Luzern) COA.png]] → [[File:CHE Marbach LU COA.svg]] → File replacement: jpg/png/gif to svg vector image ([[c::c:GR]]) 35429913 wikitext text/x-wiki {{paghimo ni bot|Lsjbot|Nasod nga Swiss|date=2016-03}} :''Alang sa ubang mga dapit sa mao gihapon nga ngalan, tan-awa ang [[Marbach]].'' {{geobox | 1 = Settlement <!-- *** Header *** --> | name = Marbach | native_name = Marbach LU | other_name = | category = Lungsod | etymology = | official_name = | motto = | nickname = <!-- *** Image *** --> | image = Marbach-Dorf.jpg | image_caption = <!-- *** Symbols *** --> | flag = | symbol = CHE Marbach LU COA.svg | symbol_type = <!-- *** Admin *** --> | country = {{flag|Nasod nga Swiss}} | country_flag = | state = [[Kanton Luzern]] | state_type = Kanton | region = [[Entlebuch District]] | region_type = Distrito | district = | district_type = | municipality = | municipality_type = <!-- *** Associated with *** --> | part = | landmark = | river = <!-- *** Location *** --> | location = | elevation = 871 | lat_d = 46.85441 | lat_m = | lat_s = | lat_NS = | long_d = 7.89966 | long_m = | long_s = | long_EW = | highest = | highest_note = | highest_elevation = | highest_elevation_note = | lowest = | lowest_note = | lowest_elevation = | lowest_elevation_note = <!-- *** Dimensions *** --> | length = | length_orientation = | width = | width_orientation = | area = | area_decimals = | area_land = | area_land_decimals = | area_water = | area_water_decimals = | area_urban = | area_urban_decimals = | area_metro = | area_metro_decimals = | area_municipal = | area_municipal_decimals = <!-- *** Population *** --> | population = 1217 | population_date = | population_note = ^{gikan sa enwiki} | population_urban = | population_urban_date = | population_urban_note = | population_metro = | population_metro_date = | population_metro_note = | population_municipal = | population_municipal_date = | population_municipal_note = | population_density = | population_density_note = | population_urban_density = | population_urban_density_note = | population_metro_density = | population_metro_density_note = | population_municipal_density = | population_municipal_density_note = <!-- *** People *** --> | population1 = | population1_type = | population2 = | population2_type = | population3 = | population3_type = <!-- *** History and politics *** --> | established = | established_type = | date = | date_type = | government = | government_location = | government_region = | government_state = | mayor = | mayor_party = | leader = | leader_type = <!-- *** Codes *** --> | timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]] | utc_offset = +1 | timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] | utc_offset_DST = +2 | postal_code = | postal_code_type = | area_code = | area_code_type = | code = | code_type = | code1 = | code1_type = <!-- *** Free *** --> | free = | free_type = | free1 = | free1_type = <!-- *** Maps *** --> | map = | map_caption = | map_locator = | map_locator_x = | map_locator_y = <!-- *** Website *** --> | website = <!-- *** Notes *** --> | footnotes = | timezone_label = Europe/Zurich | map2 = CHE Tschappina COA.svg }} <!--P.PPL-->[[Lungsod]] ang '''Marbach''' ([[Inaleman]]: '''Marbach LU''') sa [[Nasod nga Swiss]].<ref name = "gn2659766"/> Nahimutang ni sa distrito sa <!--ADM2-->[[Entlebuch District]] ug kanton sa <!--ADM1-->[[Kanton Luzern]], sa sentro nga bahin sa nasod, {{formatnum:40}} km sa sidlakan sa [[Bern (ulohang dakbayan)|Bern]] ang ulohan sa nasod. {{formatnum:871}} metros ibabaw sa dagat kahaboga ang nahimutangan sa Marbach<ref name = "gn2659766"/>, ug adunay <!--pop-->{{formatnum:1217}} ka molupyo.<ref name = "enwiki"/> Ang yuta palibot sa Marbach kasagaran kabungtoran, apan sa habagatan nga kini mao ang kabukiran. Marbach nahimutang sa usa ka walog.{{efn|group=saysay|Kalkulado gikan sa pakigbingkil sa tanan nga gitas-on data (DEM 3") gikan sa Viewfinder Panoramas, sa sulod sa 10 ka kilometro radius.<ref name = "vp"/> Ang bug-os nga algoritmo anaa [https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Projekt_DotNetWikiBot_Framework/Lsjbot/Make-Geonames dinhi].}} Kinahabogang dapit sa palibot ang [[Schübelsmoosegg]], {{formatnum:1481}} ka metros ni kahaboga ibabaw sa dagat, {{formatnum:1.8}} km sa sidlakan sa Marbach.{{efn|group=saysay|Ang punto nga labing taas sa ibabaw sa mga lokal nga kapunawpunawan, sumala sa gihabogon data sa GeoNames.<ref name = "gn2659766"/>}} Dunay mga {{formatnum:31}} ka tawo kada kilometro kwadrado sa palibot sa Marbach medyo gamay nga populasyon.<ref name = "nasapop"/> Ang kinadul-ang mas dakong lungsod mao ang [[Langnau]], {{formatnum:12.7}} km sa amihanan-kasadpan sa Marbach. Hapit nalukop sa [[lasang]] nga [[sagolsagol]] ang palibot sa Marbach.<ref name = "nasalandcover"/> Sa rehiyon palibot sa Marbach, kabukiran, ug mga bungtod talagsaon komon.{{efn|group=saysay|Mas sulod sa 20 ka kilometro gilay-on itandi sa average nga densidad sa Yuta, sumala sa GeoNames.<ref name = "gn2659766"/>}} Ang kasarangang giiniton {{formatnum:5}} [[°C]]. Ang kinainitan nga bulan Hulyo, sa {{formatnum:15}}&nbsp;[[°C]], ug ang kinabugnawan Enero, sa {{formatnum:-7}}&nbsp;°C.<ref name = "nasa"/> Ang kasarangang pag-ulan {{formatnum:1703}} milimetro matag tuig. Ang kinabasaan nga bulan Hulyo, sa {{formatnum:200}} milimetro nga ulan, ug ang kinaugahan Marso, sa {{formatnum:58}} milimetro.<ref name = "nasarain"/> {| |- |{{climate chart | Marbach | -9| -5| 128 | -8| -4| 113 | -5| 2| 58 | 1| 9| 148 | 5| 16| 165 | 10| 19| 141 | 11| 19| 200 | 9| 20| 170 | 6| 16| 125 | 4| 11| 142 | -3| 1| 179 | -9| -4| 132 |float=left |clear=left |source = <ref name = "nasa"/> }} |} {{Location map|Switzerland |float = right |width=300 | caption = Nahimutangan sa Marbach sa Nasod nga Swiss. | label = Marbach|position=right|background=white|lat=46.85441|long=7.89966}} == Saysay == <references group="saysay"/> == Ang mga gi basihan niini == <references> <ref name = "gn2659766">[{{Geonameslink|gnid=2659766|name=marbach}} Marbach] at [{{Geonamesabout}} GeoNames.Org (cc-by)]; post updated 2014-04-04; database download sa 2016-01-03</ref> <ref name = "enwiki">(gikopiya gikan sa enwiki 2015-07-14)</ref> <ref name = "vp">{{Cite web |url= {{Viewfinderlink}}|title= Viewfinder Panoramas Digital elevation Model|date= 2015-06-21|format= }}</ref> <ref name = "nasapop">{{Cite web |url= http://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/view.php?datasetId=SEDAC_POP|title= NASA Earth Observations: Population Density|access-date = 30 Enero 2016 |publisher= NASA/SEDAC}}</ref> <ref name = "nasalandcover">{{Cite web |url= http://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/view.php?datasetId=MCD12C1_T1|title= NASA Earth Observations: Land Cover Classification|access-date = 30 Enero 2016 |publisher= NASA/MODIS}}</ref> <ref name = "nasa">{{Cite web |url= http://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/dataset_index.php|title= NASA Earth Observations Data Set Index|access-date = 30 Enero 2016 |publisher= NASA}}</ref> <ref name = "nasarain">{{Cite web |url= http://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/view.php?datasetId=TRMM_3B43M&year=2014|title= NASA Earth Observations: Rainfall (1 month - TRMM)|access-date = 30 Enero 2016 |publisher= NASA/Tropical Rainfall Monitoring Mission}}</ref> </references> == Gikan sa gawas nga tinubdan== {{commonscat|Category:Marbach, LU|Marbach}} [[Kategoriya:Mga lungsod sa Kanton Luzern]] 9jyx66apsxykjm5xtqn3kqf9edospvs 0 4064570 35429898 31350947 2025-06-20T22:15:42Z Ziv 111351 ([[c:GR|GR]]) [[File:Wappen Jonschwil.png]] → [[File:Jonschwil-blazon.svg]] → File replacement: jpg/png/gif to svg vector image ([[c::c:GR]]) 35429898 wikitext text/x-wiki {{paghimo ni bot|Lsjbot|Nasod nga Swiss|date=2016-03}} :''Alang sa ubang mga dapit sa mao gihapon nga ngalan, tan-awa ang [[Jonschwil]].'' {{geobox | 1 = Settlement <!-- *** Header *** --> | name = Jonschwil | native_name = | other_name = | category = Lungsod | etymology = | official_name = | motto = | nickname = <!-- *** Image *** --> | image = | image_caption = <!-- *** Symbols *** --> | flag = | symbol = Jonschwil-blazon.svg | symbol_type = <!-- *** Admin *** --> | country = {{flag|Nasod nga Swiss}} | country_flag = | state = [[Kanton St. Gallen]] | state_type = Kanton | region = [[Wahlkreis Wil]] | region_type = Distrito | district = | district_type = | municipality = | municipality_type = <!-- *** Associated with *** --> | part = | landmark = | river = <!-- *** Location *** --> | location = | elevation = 599 | lat_d = 47.42402 | lat_m = | lat_s = | lat_NS = | long_d = 9.08689 | long_m = | long_s = | long_EW = | highest = | highest_note = | highest_elevation = | highest_elevation_note = | lowest = | lowest_note = | lowest_elevation = | lowest_elevation_note = <!-- *** Dimensions *** --> | length = | length_orientation = | width = | width_orientation = | area = | area_decimals = | area_land = | area_land_decimals = | area_water = | area_water_decimals = | area_urban = | area_urban_decimals = | area_metro = | area_metro_decimals = | area_municipal = | area_municipal_decimals = <!-- *** Population *** --> | population = 3221 | population_date = 2013-04-02 | population_note = <ref name = "gn2660219"/> | population_urban = | population_urban_date = | population_urban_note = | population_metro = | population_metro_date = | population_metro_note = | population_municipal = | population_municipal_date = | population_municipal_note = | population_density = | population_density_note = | population_urban_density = | population_urban_density_note = | population_metro_density = | population_metro_density_note = | population_municipal_density = | population_municipal_density_note = <!-- *** People *** --> | population1 = | population1_type = | population2 = | population2_type = | population3 = | population3_type = <!-- *** History and politics *** --> | established = | established_type = | date = | date_type = | government = | government_location = | government_region = | government_state = | mayor = | mayor_party = | leader = | leader_type = <!-- *** Codes *** --> | timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]] | utc_offset = +1 | timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] | utc_offset_DST = +2 | postal_code = {{#property:P281}} | postal_code_type = | area_code = | area_code_type = | code = | code_type = | code1 = | code1_type = <!-- *** Free *** --> | free = | free_type = | free1 = | free1_type = <!-- *** Maps *** --> | map = | map_caption = | map_locator = | map_locator_x = | map_locator_y = <!-- *** Website *** --> | website = <!-- *** Notes *** --> | footnotes = | timezone_label = Europe/Zurich | map2 = Karte Gemeinde Jonschwil.png }} <!--P.PPL-->[[Lungsod]] ang '''Jonschwil''' sa [[Nasod nga Swiss]].<ref name = "gn2660219"/> Nahimutang ni sa distrito sa <!--ADM2-->[[Wahlkreis Wil]] ug kanton sa <!--ADM1-->[[Kanton St. Gallen]], sa amihanan-sidlakang bahin sa nasod, {{formatnum:130}} km sa sidlakan sa [[Bern (ulohang dakbayan)|Bern]] ang ulohan sa nasod. {{formatnum:599}} metros ibabaw sa dagat kahaboga ang nahimutangan sa Jonschwil<ref name = "gn2660219"/>, ug adunay <!--pop-->{{formatnum:3221}} ka molupyo.<ref name = "gn2660219"/> Ang yuta palibot sa Jonschwil kasagaran kabungtoran, apan sa amihang-kasadpan nga kini mao ang patag.{{efn|group=saysay|Kalkulado gikan sa pakigbingkil sa tanan nga gitas-on data (DEM 3") gikan sa Viewfinder Panoramas, sa sulod sa 10 ka kilometro radius.<ref name = "vp"/> Ang bug-os nga algoritmo anaa [https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Projekt_DotNetWikiBot_Framework/Lsjbot/Make-Geonames dinhi].}} Ang kinahabogang dapit sa palibot dunay gihabogon nga {{formatnum:781}} ka metro ug {{formatnum:1.3 }} km sa habagatan-sidlakan sa Jonschwil.{{efn|group=saysay|Kalkulado gikan sa gitas-on data (DEM 3") gikan sa Viewfinder Panoramas.<ref name = "vp"/> Ang bug-os nga algoritmo anaa [https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Projekt_DotNetWikiBot_Framework/Lsjbot/Make-Geonames dinhi].}} Dunay mga {{formatnum:70}} ka tawo kada kilometro kwadrado sa palibot sa Jonschwil medyo hilabihan populasyon.<ref name = "nasapop"/> Ang kinadul-ang mas dakong lungsod mao ang [[Uzwil (lungsod)|Uzwil]], {{formatnum:3.8}} km sa sidlakan sa Jonschwil. Hapit nalukop sa [[kaumahan]] ang palibot sa Jonschwil.<ref name = "nasalandcover"/> Sa rehiyon palibot sa Jonschwil, mga bungtod talagsaon komon.{{efn|group=saysay|Mas sulod sa 20 ka kilometro gilay-on itandi sa average nga densidad sa Yuta, sumala sa GeoNames.<ref name = "gn2660219"/>}} Ang kasarangang giiniton {{formatnum:7}} [[°C]]. Ang kinainitan nga bulan Hulyo, sa {{formatnum:18}}&nbsp;[[°C]], ug ang kinabugnawan Disyembre, sa {{formatnum:-6}}&nbsp;°C.<ref name = "nasa"/> Ang kasarangang pag-ulan {{formatnum:1954}} milimetro matag tuig. Ang kinabasaan nga bulan Hunyo, sa {{formatnum:234}} milimetro nga ulan, ug ang kinaugahan Marso, sa {{formatnum:81}} milimetro.<ref name = "nasarain"/> {{Location map|Switzerland |float = right |width=300 | caption = Nahimutangan sa Jonschwil sa Nasod nga Swiss. | label = Jonschwil|position=right|background=white|lat=47.42402|long=9.08689}} == Saysay == <references group="saysay"/> == Ang mga gi basihan niini == <references> <ref name = "gn2660219">[{{Geonameslink|gnid=2660219|name=jonschwil}} Jonschwil] at [{{Geonamesabout}} GeoNames.Org (cc-by)]; post updated 2013-04-02; database download sa 2016-01-03</ref> <ref name = "vp">{{Cite web |url= {{Viewfinderlink}}|title= Viewfinder Panoramas Digital elevation Model|date= 2015-06-21|format= }}</ref> <ref name = "nasapop">{{Cite web |url= http://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/view.php?datasetId=SEDAC_POP|title= NASA Earth Observations: Population Density|access-date = 30 Enero 2016 |publisher= NASA/SEDAC}}</ref> <ref name = "nasalandcover">{{Cite web |url= http://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/view.php?datasetId=MCD12C1_T1|title= NASA Earth Observations: Land Cover Classification|access-date = 30 Enero 2016 |publisher= NASA/MODIS}}</ref> <ref name = "nasa">{{Cite web |url= http://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/dataset_index.php|title= NASA Earth Observations Data Set Index|access-date = 30 Enero 2016 |publisher= NASA}}</ref> <ref name = "nasarain">{{Cite web |url= http://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/view.php?datasetId=TRMM_3B43M&year=2014|title= NASA Earth Observations: Rainfall (1 month - TRMM)|access-date = 30 Enero 2016 |publisher= NASA/Tropical Rainfall Monitoring Mission}}</ref> </references> == Gikan sa gawas nga tinubdan== {{commonscat|Jonschwil|Jonschwil}} [[Kategoriya:Mga lungsod sa Kanton St. Gallen]] [[Kategoriya:Mga lungsod sa Nasod nga Swiss nga mas dako pa kay sa 3000 ka mga tawo]] nyxtesqkq9t4bykmqdrdmh8riafrvzd 0 4064918 35429895 31345282 2025-06-20T21:05:09Z Ziv 111351 ([[c:GR|GR]]) [[File:GrabsSG.jpg]] → [[File:Grabs-blazon.svg]] → File replacement: jpg/png/gif to svg vector image ([[c::c:GR]]) 35429895 wikitext text/x-wiki {{paghimo ni bot|Lsjbot|Nasod nga Swiss|date=2016-03}} :''Alang sa ubang mga dapit sa mao gihapon nga ngalan, tan-awa ang [[Grabs]].'' {{geobox | 1 = Settlement <!-- *** Header *** --> | name = Grabs | native_name = | other_name = | category = Lungsod | etymology = | official_name = | motto = | nickname = <!-- *** Image *** --> | image = | image_caption = <!-- *** Symbols *** --> | flag = | symbol = Grabs-blazon.svg | symbol_type = <!-- *** Admin *** --> | country = {{flag|Nasod nga Swiss}} | country_flag = | state = [[Kanton St. Gallen]] | state_type = Kanton | region = [[Wahlkreis Werdenberg]] | region_type = Distrito | district = | district_type = | municipality = | municipality_type = <!-- *** Associated with *** --> | part = | landmark = | river = <!-- *** Location *** --> | location = | elevation = 465 | lat_d = 47.18248 | lat_m = | lat_s = | lat_NS = | long_d = 9.44395 | long_m = | long_s = | long_EW = | highest = | highest_note = | highest_elevation = | highest_elevation_note = | lowest = | lowest_note = | lowest_elevation = | lowest_elevation_note = <!-- *** Dimensions *** --> | length = | length_orientation = | width = | width_orientation = | area = | area_decimals = | area_land = | area_land_decimals = | area_water = | area_water_decimals = | area_urban = | area_urban_decimals = | area_metro = | area_metro_decimals = | area_municipal = | area_municipal_decimals = <!-- *** Population *** --> | population = 6384 | population_date = 2013-06-20 | population_note = <ref name = "gn2660543"/> | population_urban = | population_urban_date = | population_urban_note = | population_metro = | population_metro_date = | population_metro_note = | population_municipal = | population_municipal_date = | population_municipal_note = | population_density = | population_density_note = | population_urban_density = | population_urban_density_note = | population_metro_density = | population_metro_density_note = | population_municipal_density = | population_municipal_density_note = <!-- *** People *** --> | population1 = | population1_type = | population2 = | population2_type = | population3 = | population3_type = <!-- *** History and politics *** --> | established = | established_type = | date = | date_type = | government = | government_location = | government_region = | government_state = | mayor = | mayor_party = | leader = | leader_type = <!-- *** Codes *** --> | timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]] | utc_offset = +1 | timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] | utc_offset_DST = +2 | postal_code = {{#property:P281}} | postal_code_type = | area_code = | area_code_type = | code = | code_type = | code1 = | code1_type = <!-- *** Free *** --> | free = | free_type = | free1 = | free1_type = <!-- *** Maps *** --> | map = | map_caption = | map_locator = | map_locator_x = | map_locator_y = <!-- *** Website *** --> | website = <!-- *** Notes *** --> | footnotes = | timezone_label = Europe/Zurich | map2 = Karte Gemeinde Grabs.png }} <!--P.PPL-->[[Lungsod]] ang '''Grabs''' sa [[Nasod nga Swiss]].<ref name = "gn2660543"/> Nahimutang ni sa distrito sa <!--ADM2-->[[Wahlkreis Werdenberg]] ug kanton sa <!--ADM1-->[[Kanton St. Gallen]], sa sidlakang bahin sa nasod, {{formatnum:150}} km sa sidlakan sa [[Bern (ulohang dakbayan)|Bern]] ang ulohan sa nasod. {{formatnum:465}} metros ibabaw sa dagat kahaboga ang nahimutangan sa Grabs<ref name = "gn2660543"/>, ug adunay <!--pop-->{{formatnum:6384}} ka molupyo.<ref name = "gn2660543"/> Ang yuta palibot sa Grabs lain-lain. Grabs nahimutang sa usa ka walog.{{efn|group=saysay|Kalkulado gikan sa pakigbingkil sa tanan nga gitas-on data (DEM 3") gikan sa Viewfinder Panoramas, sa sulod sa 10 ka kilometro radius.<ref name = "vp"/> Ang bug-os nga algoritmo anaa [https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Projekt_DotNetWikiBot_Framework/Lsjbot/Make-Geonames dinhi].}} Kinahabogang dapit sa palibot ang [[Margelchopf]], {{formatnum:2163}} ka metros ni kahaboga ibabaw sa dagat, {{formatnum:5.3}} km sa habagatan-kasadpan sa Grabs.{{efn|group=saysay|Ang punto nga labing taas sa ibabaw sa mga lokal nga kapunawpunawan, sumala sa gihabogon data sa GeoNames.<ref name = "gn2660543"/>}} Dunay mga {{formatnum:257}} ka tawo kada kilometro kwadrado sa palibot sa Grabs nga hilabihan populasyon.<ref name = "nasapop"/> Ang kinadul-ang mas dakong lungsod mao ang [[Buchs (lungsod)|Buchs]], {{formatnum:3.1}} km sa habagatan-sidlakan sa Grabs. Hapit nalukop sa [[lasang]] nga [[sagolsagol]] ang palibot sa Grabs.<ref name = "nasalandcover"/> Sa rehiyon palibot sa Grabs, kabukiran talagsaon komon.{{efn|group=saysay|Mas sulod sa 20 ka kilometro gilay-on itandi sa average nga densidad sa Yuta, sumala sa GeoNames.<ref name = "gn2660543"/>}} Ang kasarangang giiniton {{formatnum:5}} [[°C]]. Ang kinainitan nga bulan Hulyo, sa {{formatnum:16}}&nbsp;[[°C]], ug ang kinabugnawan Enero, sa {{formatnum:-8}}&nbsp;°C.<ref name = "nasa"/> Ang kasarangang pag-ulan {{formatnum:1954}} milimetro matag tuig. Ang kinabasaan nga bulan Hunyo, sa {{formatnum:234}} milimetro nga ulan, ug ang kinaugahan Marso, sa {{formatnum:81}} milimetro.<ref name = "nasarain"/> {| |- |{{climate chart | Grabs | -10| -5| 157 | -9| -2| 114 | -7| 5| 81 | 2| 12| 139 | 3| 16| 183 | 9| 21| 234 | 10| 23| 188 | 9| 21| 207 | 4| 17| 159 | 3| 12| 163 | -4| 3| 183 | -9| -6| 147 |float=left |clear=left |source = <ref name = "nasa"/> }} |} {{Location map|Switzerland |float = right |width=300 | caption = Nahimutangan sa Grabs sa Nasod nga Swiss. | label = Grabs|position=right|background=white|lat=47.18248|long=9.44395}} == Saysay == <references group="saysay"/> == Ang mga gi basihan niini == <references> <ref name = "gn2660543">[{{Geonameslink|gnid=2660543|name=grabs}} Grabs] at [{{Geonamesabout}} GeoNames.Org (cc-by)]; post updated 2013-06-20; database download sa 2016-01-03</ref> <ref name = "vp">{{Cite web |url= {{Viewfinderlink}}|title= Viewfinder Panoramas Digital elevation Model|date= 2015-06-21|format= }}</ref> <ref name = "nasapop">{{Cite web |url= http://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/view.php?datasetId=SEDAC_POP|title= NASA Earth Observations: Population Density|access-date = 30 Enero 2016 |publisher= NASA/SEDAC}}</ref> <ref name = "nasalandcover">{{Cite web |url= http://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/view.php?datasetId=MCD12C1_T1|title= NASA Earth Observations: Land Cover Classification|access-date = 30 Enero 2016 |publisher= NASA/MODIS}}</ref> <ref name = "nasa">{{Cite web |url= http://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/dataset_index.php|title= NASA Earth Observations Data Set Index|access-date = 30 Enero 2016 |publisher= NASA}}</ref> <ref name = "nasarain">{{Cite web |url= http://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/view.php?datasetId=TRMM_3B43M&year=2014|title= NASA Earth Observations: Rainfall (1 month - TRMM)|access-date = 30 Enero 2016 |publisher= NASA/Tropical Rainfall Monitoring Mission}}</ref> </references> == Gikan sa gawas nga tinubdan== {{commonscat|Grabs|Grabs}} [[Kategoriya:Mga lungsod sa Kanton St. Gallen]] [[Kategoriya:Mga lungsod sa Nasod nga Swiss nga mas dako pa kay sa 3000 ka mga tawo]] i8t83hwq5x1y4rjow516iz377s833qy 0 4065134 35429897 31343954 2025-06-20T22:03:42Z Ziv 111351 ([[c:GR|GR]]) [[File:Wappen Flums.png]] → [[File:Flums-blazon.svg]] → File replacement: jpg/png/gif to svg vector image ([[c::c:GR]]) 35429897 wikitext text/x-wiki {{paghimo ni bot|Lsjbot|Nasod nga Swiss|date=2016-03}} :''Alang sa ubang mga dapit sa mao gihapon nga ngalan, tan-awa ang [[Flums]].'' {{geobox | 1 = Settlement <!-- *** Header *** --> | name = Flums | native_name = | other_name = | category = Lungsod | etymology = | official_name = | motto = | nickname = <!-- *** Image *** --> | image = Flums Churfirsten.jpg | image_caption = <!-- *** Symbols *** --> | flag = | symbol = Flums-blazon.svg | symbol_type = <!-- *** Admin *** --> | country = {{flag|Nasod nga Swiss}} | country_flag = | state = [[Kanton St. Gallen]] | state_type = Kanton | region = [[Wahlkreis Sarganserland]] | region_type = Distrito | district = | district_type = | municipality = | municipality_type = <!-- *** Associated with *** --> | part = | landmark = | river = <!-- *** Location *** --> | location = | elevation = 456 | lat_d = 47.09058 | lat_m = | lat_s = | lat_NS = | long_d = 9.34301 | long_m = | long_s = | long_EW = | highest = | highest_note = | highest_elevation = | highest_elevation_note = | lowest = | lowest_note = | lowest_elevation = | lowest_elevation_note = <!-- *** Dimensions *** --> | length = | length_orientation = | width = | width_orientation = | area = | area_decimals = | area_land = | area_land_decimals = | area_water = | area_water_decimals = | area_urban = | area_urban_decimals = | area_metro = | area_metro_decimals = | area_municipal = | area_municipal_decimals = <!-- *** Population *** --> | population = 4848 | population_date = 2013-04-02 | population_note = <ref name = "gn2660747"/> | population_urban = | population_urban_date = | population_urban_note = | population_metro = | population_metro_date = | population_metro_note = | population_municipal = | population_municipal_date = | population_municipal_note = | population_density = | population_density_note = | population_urban_density = | population_urban_density_note = | population_metro_density = | population_metro_density_note = | population_municipal_density = | population_municipal_density_note = <!-- *** People *** --> | population1 = | population1_type = | population2 = | population2_type = | population3 = | population3_type = <!-- *** History and politics *** --> | established = | established_type = | date = | date_type = | government = | government_location = | government_region = | government_state = | mayor = | mayor_party = | leader = | leader_type = <!-- *** Codes *** --> | timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]] | utc_offset = +1 | timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] | utc_offset_DST = +2 | postal_code = {{#property:P281}} | postal_code_type = | area_code = | area_code_type = | code = | code_type = | code1 = | code1_type = <!-- *** Free *** --> | free = | free_type = | free1 = | free1_type = <!-- *** Maps *** --> | map = | map_caption = | map_locator = | map_locator_x = | map_locator_y = <!-- *** Website *** --> | website = <!-- *** Notes *** --> | footnotes = | timezone_label = Europe/Zurich | map2 = Karte Gemeinde Flums.png }} <!--P.PPL-->[[Lungsod]] ang '''Flums''' sa [[Nasod nga Swiss]].<ref name = "gn2660747"/> Nahimutang ni sa distrito sa <!--ADM2-->[[Wahlkreis Sarganserland]] ug kanton sa <!--ADM1-->[[Kanton St. Gallen]], sa sidlakang bahin sa nasod, {{formatnum:140}} km sa sidlakan sa [[Bern (ulohang dakbayan)|Bern]] ang ulohan sa nasod. {{formatnum:456}} metros ibabaw sa dagat kahaboga ang nahimutangan sa Flums<ref name = "gn2660747"/>, ug adunay <!--pop-->{{formatnum:4848}} ka molupyo.<ref name = "gn2660747"/> Ang yuta palibot sa Flums kasagaran kabukiran, apan sa diha-diha nga ang mga palibot nga kini mao ang kabungtoran. Flums nahimutang sa usa ka walog.{{efn|group=saysay|Kalkulado gikan sa pakigbingkil sa tanan nga gitas-on data (DEM 3") gikan sa Viewfinder Panoramas, sa sulod sa 10 ka kilometro radius.<ref name = "vp"/> Ang bug-os nga algoritmo anaa [https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Projekt_DotNetWikiBot_Framework/Lsjbot/Make-Geonames dinhi].}} Ang kinahabogang dapit sa palibot dunay gihabogon nga {{formatnum:1637}} ka metro ug {{formatnum:2.9 }} km sa amihanan-sidlakan sa Flums.{{efn|group=saysay|Kalkulado gikan sa gitas-on data (DEM 3") gikan sa Viewfinder Panoramas.<ref name = "vp"/> Ang bug-os nga algoritmo anaa [https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Projekt_DotNetWikiBot_Framework/Lsjbot/Make-Geonames dinhi].}} Dunay mga {{formatnum:60}} ka tawo kada kilometro kwadrado sa palibot sa Flums medyo hilabihan populasyon.<ref name = "nasapop"/> Ang kinadul-ang mas dakong lungsod mao ang [[Buchs (lungsod)|Buchs]], {{formatnum:13.3}} km sa amihanan-sidlakan sa Flums. Hapit nalukop sa [[lasang]] nga [[sagolsagol]] ang palibot sa Flums.<ref name = "nasalandcover"/> Sa rehiyon palibot sa Flums, kabukiran talagsaon komon.{{efn|group=saysay|Mas sulod sa 20 ka kilometro gilay-on itandi sa average nga densidad sa Yuta, sumala sa GeoNames.<ref name = "gn2660747"/>}} Ang kasarangang giiniton {{formatnum:3}} [[°C]]. Ang kinainitan nga bulan Agosto, sa {{formatnum:14}}&nbsp;[[°C]], ug ang kinabugnawan Enero, sa {{formatnum:-10}}&nbsp;°C.<ref name = "nasa"/> Ang kasarangang pag-ulan {{formatnum:1954}} milimetro matag tuig. Ang kinabasaan nga bulan Hunyo, sa {{formatnum:234}} milimetro nga ulan, ug ang kinaugahan Marso, sa {{formatnum:81}} milimetro.<ref name = "nasarain"/> {{Location map|Switzerland |float = right |width=300 | caption = Nahimutangan sa Flums sa Nasod nga Swiss. | label = Flums|position=right|background=white|lat=47.09058|long=9.34301}} == Saysay == <references group="saysay"/> == Ang mga gi basihan niini == <references> <ref name = "gn2660747">[{{Geonameslink|gnid=2660747|name=flums}} Flums] at [{{Geonamesabout}} GeoNames.Org (cc-by)]; post updated 2013-04-02; database download sa 2016-01-03</ref> <ref name = "vp">{{Cite web |url= {{Viewfinderlink}}|title= Viewfinder Panoramas Digital elevation Model|date= 2015-06-21|format= }}</ref> <ref name = "nasapop">{{Cite web |url= http://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/view.php?datasetId=SEDAC_POP|title= NASA Earth Observations: Population Density|access-date = 30 Enero 2016 |publisher= NASA/SEDAC}}</ref> <ref name = "nasalandcover">{{Cite web |url= http://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/view.php?datasetId=MCD12C1_T1|title= NASA Earth Observations: Land Cover Classification|access-date = 30 Enero 2016 |publisher= NASA/MODIS}}</ref> <ref name = "nasa">{{Cite web |url= http://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/dataset_index.php|title= NASA Earth Observations Data Set Index|access-date = 30 Enero 2016 |publisher= NASA}}</ref> <ref name = "nasarain">{{Cite web |url= http://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/view.php?datasetId=TRMM_3B43M&year=2014|title= NASA Earth Observations: Rainfall (1 month - TRMM)|access-date = 30 Enero 2016 |publisher= NASA/Tropical Rainfall Monitoring Mission}}</ref> </references> == Gikan sa gawas nga tinubdan== {{commonscat|Flums|Flums}} [[Kategoriya:Mga lungsod sa Kanton St. Gallen]] [[Kategoriya:Mga lungsod sa Nasod nga Swiss nga mas dako pa kay sa 3000 ka mga tawo]] e8ahxedhw996mcqfcq3y8p4nyo3uy5e 0 4065221 35429909 31343377 2025-06-21T06:30:29Z Ziv 111351 ([[c:GR|GR]]) [[File:Etzgen-blason.png]] → [[File:Wappen Etzgen.svg]] → File replacement: jpg/png/gif to svg vector image ([[c::c:GR]]) 35429909 wikitext text/x-wiki {{paghimo ni bot|Lsjbot|Nasod nga Swiss|date=2016-03}} {{geobox | 1 = Settlement <!-- *** Header *** --> | name = Etzgen | native_name = | other_name = | category = Lungsod | etymology = | official_name = | motto = | nickname = <!-- *** Image *** --> | image = | image_caption = <!-- *** Symbols *** --> | flag = | symbol = Wappen Etzgen.svg | symbol_type = <!-- *** Admin *** --> | country = {{flag|Nasod nga Swiss}} | country_flag = | state = [[Kanton Aargau]] | state_type = Kanton | region = [[Bezirk Laufenburg]] | region_type = Distrito | district = | district_type = | municipality = | municipality_type = <!-- *** Associated with *** --> | part = | landmark = | river = <!-- *** Location *** --> | location = | elevation = 341 | lat_d = 47.57129 | lat_m = | lat_s = | lat_NS = | long_d = 8.11061 | long_m = | long_s = | long_EW = | highest = | highest_note = | highest_elevation = | highest_elevation_note = | lowest = | lowest_note = | lowest_elevation = | lowest_elevation_note = <!-- *** Dimensions *** --> | length = | length_orientation = | width = | width_orientation = | area = | area_decimals = | area_land = | area_land_decimals = | area_water = | area_water_decimals = | area_urban = | area_urban_decimals = | area_metro = | area_metro_decimals = | area_municipal = | area_municipal_decimals = <!-- *** Population *** --> | population = 440 | population_date = 2013-03-01 | population_note = <ref name = "gn2660846"/> | population_urban = | population_urban_date = | population_urban_note = | population_metro = | population_metro_date = | population_metro_note = | population_municipal = | population_municipal_date = | population_municipal_note = | population_density = | population_density_note = | population_urban_density = | population_urban_density_note = | population_metro_density = | population_metro_density_note = | population_municipal_density = | population_municipal_density_note = <!-- *** People *** --> | population1 = | population1_type = | population2 = | population2_type = | population3 = | population3_type = <!-- *** History and politics *** --> | established = | established_type = | date = | date_type = | government = | government_location = | government_region = | government_state = | mayor = | mayor_party = | leader = | leader_type = <!-- *** Codes *** --> | timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]] | utc_offset = +1 | timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] | utc_offset_DST = +2 | postal_code = | postal_code_type = | area_code = | area_code_type = | code = | code_type = | code1 = | code1_type = <!-- *** Free *** --> | free = | free_type = | free1 = | free1_type = <!-- *** Maps *** --> | map = | map_caption = | map_locator = | map_locator_x = | map_locator_y = <!-- *** Website *** --> | website = <!-- *** Notes *** --> | footnotes = | timezone_label = Europe/Zurich | map2 = Karte Gemeinde Etzgen 2007.png }} <!--P.PPL-->[[Lungsod]] ang '''Etzgen''' sa [[Nasod nga Swiss]].<ref name = "gn2660846"/> Nahimutang ni sa distrito sa <!--ADM2-->[[Bezirk Laufenburg]] ug kanton sa <!--ADM1-->[[Kanton Aargau]], sa sentro nga bahin sa nasod, {{formatnum:90}} km sa amihanan-sidlakan sa [[Bern (ulohang dakbayan)|Bern]] ang ulohan sa nasod. {{formatnum:341}} metros ibabaw sa dagat kahaboga ang nahimutangan sa Etzgen<ref name = "gn2660846"/>, ug adunay <!--pop-->{{formatnum:440}} ka molupyo.<ref name = "gn2660846"/> Ang yuta palibot sa Etzgen kasagaran medyo bungtoron. Etzgen nahimutang sa usa ka walog.{{efn|group=saysay|Kalkulado gikan sa pakigbingkil sa tanan nga gitas-on data (DEM 3") gikan sa Viewfinder Panoramas, sa sulod sa 10 ka kilometro radius.<ref name = "vp"/> Ang bug-os nga algoritmo anaa [https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Projekt_DotNetWikiBot_Framework/Lsjbot/Make-Geonames dinhi].}} Ang kinahabogang dapit sa palibot dunay gihabogon nga {{formatnum:521}} ka metro ug {{formatnum:1.0 }} km sa amihanan-sidlakan sa Etzgen.{{efn|group=saysay|Kalkulado gikan sa gitas-on data (DEM 3") gikan sa Viewfinder Panoramas.<ref name = "vp"/> Ang bug-os nga algoritmo anaa [https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Projekt_DotNetWikiBot_Framework/Lsjbot/Make-Geonames dinhi].}} Dunay mga {{formatnum:96}} ka tawo kada kilometro kwadrado sa palibot sa Etzgen medyo hilabihan populasyon.<ref name = "nasapop"/> Ang kinadul-ang mas dakong lungsod mao ang [[Wettingen (lungsod)|Wettingen]], {{formatnum:19.0}} km sa habagatan-sidlakan sa Etzgen. Hapit nalukop sa [[lasang]] nga [[sagolsagol]] ang palibot sa Etzgen.<ref name = "nasalandcover"/> Sa rehiyon palibot sa Etzgen, kabukiran talagsaon komon.{{efn|group=saysay|Mas sulod sa 20 ka kilometro gilay-on itandi sa average nga densidad sa Yuta, sumala sa GeoNames.<ref name = "gn2660846"/>}} Ang klima [[klima sa kontinente]]. Ang kasarangang giiniton {{formatnum:9}} [[°C]]. Ang kinainitan nga bulan Hulyo, sa {{formatnum:20}}&nbsp;[[°C]], ug ang kinabugnawan Disyembre, sa {{formatnum:-4}}&nbsp;°C.<ref name = "nasa"/> Ang kasarangang pag-ulan {{formatnum:1644}} milimetro matag tuig. Ang kinabasaan nga bulan Hulyo, sa {{formatnum:191}} milimetro nga ulan, ug ang kinaugahan Marso, sa {{formatnum:60}} milimetro.<ref name = "nasarain"/> {{Location map|Switzerland |float = right |width=300 | caption = Nahimutangan sa Etzgen sa Nasod nga Swiss. | label = Etzgen|position=right|background=white|lat=47.57129|long=8.11061}} == Saysay == <references group="saysay"/> == Ang mga gi basihan niini == <references> <ref name = "gn2660846">[{{Geonameslink|gnid=2660846|name=etzgen}} Etzgen] at [{{Geonamesabout}} GeoNames.Org (cc-by)]; post updated 2013-03-01; database download sa 2016-01-03</ref> <ref name = "vp">{{Cite web |url= {{Viewfinderlink}}|title= Viewfinder Panoramas Digital elevation Model|date= 2015-06-21|format= }}</ref> <ref name = "nasapop">{{Cite web |url= http://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/view.php?datasetId=SEDAC_POP|title= NASA Earth Observations: Population Density|access-date = 30 Enero 2016 |publisher= NASA/SEDAC}}</ref> <ref name = "nasalandcover">{{Cite web |url= http://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/view.php?datasetId=MCD12C1_T1|title= NASA Earth Observations: Land Cover Classification|access-date = 30 Enero 2016 |publisher= NASA/MODIS}}</ref> <ref name = "nasa">{{Cite web |url= http://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/dataset_index.php|title= NASA Earth Observations Data Set Index|access-date = 30 Enero 2016 |publisher= NASA}}</ref> <ref name = "nasarain">{{Cite web |url= http://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/view.php?datasetId=TRMM_3B43M&year=2014|title= NASA Earth Observations: Rainfall (1 month - TRMM)|access-date = 30 Enero 2016 |publisher= NASA/Tropical Rainfall Monitoring Mission}}</ref> </references> == Gikan sa gawas nga tinubdan== {{commonscat|Etzgen|Etzgen}} [[Kategoriya:Mga lungsod sa Kanton Aargau]] gg2qeoy40x1bkls59m6yfuwekryuds4 0 4065318 35429893 31342419 2025-06-20T20:45:47Z Ziv 111351 ([[c:GR|GR]]) [[File:GW-SG-Ebnat-Kappel.png]] → [[File:EbnatKappel-blazon.svg]] → File replacement: jpg/png/gif to svg vector image ([[c::c:GR]]) 35429893 wikitext text/x-wiki {{paghimo ni bot|Lsjbot|Nasod nga Swiss|date=2016-03}} :''Alang sa ubang mga dapit sa mao gihapon nga ngalan, tan-awa ang [[Ebnat-Kappel]].'' {{geobox | 1 = Settlement <!-- *** Header *** --> | name = Ebnat-Kappel | native_name = Ebnat | other_name = | category = Lungsod | etymology = | official_name = | motto = | nickname = <!-- *** Image *** --> | image = | image_caption = <!-- *** Symbols *** --> | flag = | symbol = EbnatKappel-blazon.svg | symbol_type = <!-- *** Admin *** --> | country = {{flag|Nasod nga Swiss}} | country_flag = | state = [[Kanton St. Gallen]] | state_type = Kanton | region = [[Wahlkreis Toggenburg]] | region_type = Distrito | district = | district_type = | municipality = | municipality_type = <!-- *** Associated with *** --> | part = | landmark = | river = <!-- *** Location *** --> | location = | elevation = 630 | lat_d = 47.26195 | lat_m = | lat_s = | lat_NS = | long_d = 9.12473 | long_m = | long_s = | long_EW = | highest = | highest_note = | highest_elevation = | highest_elevation_note = | lowest = | lowest_note = | lowest_elevation = | lowest_elevation_note = <!-- *** Dimensions *** --> | length = | length_orientation = | width = | width_orientation = | area = | area_decimals = | area_land = | area_land_decimals = | area_water = | area_water_decimals = | area_urban = | area_urban_decimals = | area_metro = | area_metro_decimals = | area_municipal = | area_municipal_decimals = <!-- *** Population *** --> | population = 4852 | population_date = 2013-04-02 | population_note = <ref name = "gn2660951"/> | population_urban = | population_urban_date = | population_urban_note = | population_metro = | population_metro_date = | population_metro_note = | population_municipal = | population_municipal_date = | population_municipal_note = | population_density = | population_density_note = | population_urban_density = | population_urban_density_note = | population_metro_density = | population_metro_density_note = | population_municipal_density = | population_municipal_density_note = <!-- *** People *** --> | population1 = | population1_type = | population2 = | population2_type = | population3 = | population3_type = <!-- *** History and politics *** --> | established = | established_type = | date = | date_type = | government = | government_location = | government_region = | government_state = | mayor = | mayor_party = | leader = | leader_type = <!-- *** Codes *** --> | timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]] | utc_offset = +1 | timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] | utc_offset_DST = +2 | postal_code = {{#property:P281}} | postal_code_type = | area_code = | area_code_type = | code = | code_type = | code1 = | code1_type = <!-- *** Free *** --> | free = | free_type = | free1 = | free1_type = <!-- *** Maps *** --> | map = | map_caption = | map_locator = | map_locator_x = | map_locator_y = <!-- *** Website *** --> | website = <!-- *** Notes *** --> | footnotes = | timezone_label = Europe/Zurich | map2 = Karte Gemeinde Ebnat-Kappel.png }} <!--P.PPL-->[[Lungsod]] ang '''Ebnat-Kappel''' ([[Inaleman]]: '''Ebnat''') sa [[Nasod nga Swiss]].<ref name = "gn2660951"/> Nahimutang ni sa distrito sa <!--ADM2-->[[Wahlkreis Toggenburg]] ug kanton sa <!--ADM1-->[[Kanton St. Gallen]], sa sidlakang bahin sa nasod, {{formatnum:130}} km sa sidlakan sa [[Bern (ulohang dakbayan)|Bern]] ang ulohan sa nasod. {{formatnum:630}} metros ibabaw sa dagat kahaboga ang nahimutangan sa Ebnat-Kappel<ref name = "gn2660951"/>, ug adunay <!--pop-->{{formatnum:4852}} ka molupyo.<ref name = "gn2660951"/> Ang yuta palibot sa Ebnat-Kappel kasagaran kabungtoran, apan sa habagatang-kasadpan nga kini mao ang kabukiran. Ebnat-Kappel nahimutang sa usa ka walog.{{efn|group=saysay|Kalkulado gikan sa pakigbingkil sa tanan nga gitas-on data (DEM 3") gikan sa Viewfinder Panoramas, sa sulod sa 10 ka kilometro radius.<ref name = "vp"/> Ang bug-os nga algoritmo anaa [https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Projekt_DotNetWikiBot_Framework/Lsjbot/Make-Geonames dinhi].}} Ang kinahabogang dapit sa palibot dunay gihabogon nga {{formatnum:957}} ka metro ug {{formatnum:1.4 }} km sa amihanan-sidlakan sa Ebnat-Kappel.{{efn|group=saysay|Kalkulado gikan sa gitas-on data (DEM 3") gikan sa Viewfinder Panoramas.<ref name = "vp"/> Ang bug-os nga algoritmo anaa [https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Projekt_DotNetWikiBot_Framework/Lsjbot/Make-Geonames dinhi].}} Dunay mga {{formatnum:86}} ka tawo kada kilometro kwadrado sa palibot sa Ebnat-Kappel medyo hilabihan populasyon.<ref name = "nasapop"/> Ang kinadul-ang mas dakong lungsod mao ang [[Herisau (kapital sa kanton)|Herisau]], {{formatnum:18.0}} km sa amihanan-sidlakan sa Ebnat-Kappel. Hapit nalukop sa [[kaumahan]] ang palibot sa Ebnat-Kappel.<ref name = "nasalandcover"/> Sa rehiyon palibot sa Ebnat-Kappel, kabukiran, ug mga bungtod talagsaon komon.{{efn|group=saysay|Mas sulod sa 20 ka kilometro gilay-on itandi sa average nga densidad sa Yuta, sumala sa GeoNames.<ref name = "gn2660951"/>}} Ang kasarangang giiniton {{formatnum:6}} [[°C]]. Ang kinainitan nga bulan Hulyo, sa {{formatnum:18}}&nbsp;[[°C]], ug ang kinabugnawan Disyembre, sa {{formatnum:-7}}&nbsp;°C.<ref name = "nasa"/> Ang kasarangang pag-ulan {{formatnum:1954}} milimetro matag tuig. Ang kinabasaan nga bulan Hunyo, sa {{formatnum:234}} milimetro nga ulan, ug ang kinaugahan Marso, sa {{formatnum:81}} milimetro.<ref name = "nasarain"/> {| |- |{{climate chart | Ebnat-Kappel | -9| -4| 157 | -7| -1| 114 | -4| 5| 81 | 3| 13| 139 | 6| 18| 183 | 10| 20| 234 | 13| 22| 188 | 13| 21| 207 | 8| 16| 159 | 6| 13| 163 | -4| 3| 183 | -9| -5| 147 |float=left |clear=left |source = <ref name = "nasa"/> }} |} {{Location map|Switzerland |float = right |width=300 | caption = Nahimutangan sa Ebnat-Kappel sa Nasod nga Swiss. | label = Ebnat-Kappel|position=right|background=white|lat=47.26195|long=9.12473}} == Saysay == <references group="saysay"/> == Ang mga gi basihan niini == <references> <ref name = "gn2660951">[{{Geonameslink|gnid=2660951|name=ebnat-kappel}} Ebnat-Kappel] at [{{Geonamesabout}} GeoNames.Org (cc-by)]; post updated 2013-04-02; database download sa 2016-01-03</ref> <ref name = "vp">{{Cite web |url= {{Viewfinderlink}}|title= Viewfinder Panoramas Digital elevation Model|date= 2015-06-21|format= }}</ref> <ref name = "nasapop">{{Cite web |url= http://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/view.php?datasetId=SEDAC_POP|title= NASA Earth Observations: Population Density|access-date = 30 Enero 2016 |publisher= NASA/SEDAC}}</ref> <ref name = "nasalandcover">{{Cite web |url= http://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/view.php?datasetId=MCD12C1_T1|title= NASA Earth Observations: Land Cover Classification|access-date = 30 Enero 2016 |publisher= NASA/MODIS}}</ref> <ref name = "nasa">{{Cite web |url= http://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/dataset_index.php|title= NASA Earth Observations Data Set Index|access-date = 30 Enero 2016 |publisher= NASA}}</ref> <ref name = "nasarain">{{Cite web |url= http://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/view.php?datasetId=TRMM_3B43M&year=2014|title= NASA Earth Observations: Rainfall (1 month - TRMM)|access-date = 30 Enero 2016 |publisher= NASA/Tropical Rainfall Monitoring Mission}}</ref> </references> == Gikan sa gawas nga tinubdan== {{commonscat|Ebnat-Kappel|Ebnat-Kappel}} [[Kategoriya:Mga lungsod sa Kanton St. Gallen]] [[Kategoriya:Mga lungsod sa Nasod nga Swiss nga mas dako pa kay sa 3000 ka mga tawo]] 18fawg0yvmyx73ie3ciefyzee0vin59 0 4065371 35429915 31342010 2025-06-21T11:41:57Z Ziv 111351 ([[c:GR|GR]]) [[File:Donneloye-coat of arms.svg]] → [[File:CHE Donneloye COA.svg]] → File replacement: update to new version ([[c:c:GR]]) 35429915 wikitext text/x-wiki {{paghimo ni bot|Lsjbot|Nasod nga Swiss|date=2016-03}} :''Alang sa ubang mga dapit sa mao gihapon nga ngalan, tan-awa ang [[Donneloye]].'' {{geobox | 1 = Settlement <!-- *** Header *** --> | name = Donneloye | native_name = | other_name = | category = Lungsod | etymology = | official_name = | motto = | nickname = <!-- *** Image *** --> | image = Donneloye.JPG | image_caption = <!-- *** Symbols *** --> | flag = | symbol = CHE Donneloye COA.svg | symbol_type = <!-- *** Admin *** --> | country = {{flag|Nasod nga Swiss}} | country_flag = | state = [[Canton de Vaud]] | state_type = Kanton | region = [[Jura-Nord vaudois District]] | region_type = Distrito | district = | district_type = | municipality = | municipality_type = <!-- *** Associated with *** --> | part = | landmark = | river = <!-- *** Location *** --> | location = | elevation = 541 | lat_d = 46.74551 | lat_m = | lat_s = | lat_NS = | long_d = 6.7164 | long_m = | long_s = | long_EW = | highest = | highest_note = | highest_elevation = | highest_elevation_note = | lowest = | lowest_note = | lowest_elevation = | lowest_elevation_note = <!-- *** Dimensions *** --> | length = | length_orientation = | width = | width_orientation = | area = | area_decimals = | area_land = | area_land_decimals = | area_water = | area_water_decimals = | area_urban = | area_urban_decimals = | area_metro = | area_metro_decimals = | area_municipal = | area_municipal_decimals = <!-- *** Population *** --> | population = 318 | population_date = 2013-02-26 | population_note = <ref name = "gn2660993"/> | population_urban = | population_urban_date = | population_urban_note = | population_metro = | population_metro_date = | population_metro_note = | population_municipal = | population_municipal_date = | population_municipal_note = | population_density = | population_density_note = | population_urban_density = | population_urban_density_note = | population_metro_density = | population_metro_density_note = | population_municipal_density = | population_municipal_density_note = <!-- *** People *** --> | population1 = | population1_type = | population2 = | population2_type = | population3 = | population3_type = <!-- *** History and politics *** --> | established = | established_type = | date = | date_type = | government = | government_location = | government_region = | government_state = | mayor = | mayor_party = | leader = | leader_type = <!-- *** Codes *** --> | timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]] | utc_offset = +1 | timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] | utc_offset_DST = +2 | postal_code = | postal_code_type = | area_code = | area_code_type = | code = | code_type = | code1 = | code1_type = <!-- *** Free *** --> | free = | free_type = | free1 = | free1_type = <!-- *** Maps *** --> | map = | map_caption = | map_locator = | map_locator_x = | map_locator_y = <!-- *** Website *** --> | website = <!-- *** Notes *** --> | footnotes = | timezone_label = Europe/Zurich | map2 = Karte Gemeinde Donneloye 2013.png }} <!--P.PPL-->[[Lungsod]] ang '''Donneloye''' sa [[Nasod nga Swiss]].<ref name = "gn2660993"/> Nahimutang ni sa distrito sa <!--ADM2-->[[Jura-Nord vaudois District]] ug kanton sa <!--ADM1-->[[Canton de Vaud]], sa kasadpang bahin sa nasod, {{formatnum:60}} km sa kasadpan sa [[Bern (ulohang dakbayan)|Bern]] ang ulohan sa nasod. {{formatnum:541}} metros ibabaw sa dagat kahaboga ang nahimutangan sa Donneloye<ref name = "gn2660993"/>, ug adunay <!--pop-->{{formatnum:318}} ka molupyo.<ref name = "gn2660993"/> Ang yuta palibot sa Donneloye kabungtoran sa sidlakan, apan sa kasadpan nga kini mao ang patag.{{efn|group=saysay|Kalkulado gikan sa pakigbingkil sa tanan nga gitas-on data (DEM 3") gikan sa Viewfinder Panoramas, sa sulod sa 10 ka kilometro radius.<ref name = "vp"/> Ang bug-os nga algoritmo anaa [https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Projekt_DotNetWikiBot_Framework/Lsjbot/Make-Geonames dinhi].}} Ang kinahabogang dapit sa palibot dunay gihabogon nga {{formatnum:672}} ka metro ug {{formatnum:1.1 }} km sa sidlakan sa Donneloye.{{efn|group=saysay|Kalkulado gikan sa gitas-on data (DEM 3") gikan sa Viewfinder Panoramas.<ref name = "vp"/> Ang bug-os nga algoritmo anaa [https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Projekt_DotNetWikiBot_Framework/Lsjbot/Make-Geonames dinhi].}} Dunay mga {{formatnum:111}} ka tawo kada kilometro kwadrado sa palibot sa Donneloye medyo hilabihan populasyon.<ref name = "nasapop"/> Ang kinadul-ang mas dakong lungsod mao ang [[Yverdon-les-Bains (lungsod)|Yverdon-les-Bains]], {{formatnum:6.8}} km sa amihanan-kasadpan sa Donneloye. Hapit nalukop sa [[kaumahan]] ang palibot sa Donneloye.<ref name = "nasalandcover"/> Sa rehiyon palibot sa Donneloye, mga bungtod talagsaon komon.{{efn|group=saysay|Mas sulod sa 20 ka kilometro gilay-on itandi sa average nga densidad sa Yuta, sumala sa GeoNames.<ref name = "gn2660993"/>}} Ang klima [[hemiboreal]].<ref name = "koppen"/> Ang kasarangang giiniton {{formatnum:8}} [[°C]]. Ang kinainitan nga bulan Hulyo, sa {{formatnum:19}}&nbsp;[[°C]], ug ang kinabugnawan Enero, sa {{formatnum:-4}}&nbsp;°C.<ref name = "nasa"/> Ang kasarangang pag-ulan {{formatnum:1743}} milimetro matag tuig. Ang kinabasaan nga bulan Hulyo, sa {{formatnum:213}} milimetro nga ulan, ug ang kinaugahan Marso, sa {{formatnum:60}} milimetro.<ref name = "nasarain"/> {| |- |{{climate chart | Donneloye | -6| -2| 132 | -5| 1| 118 | -2| 9| 60 | 3| 14| 148 | 7| 19| 150 | 11| 21| 149 | 14| 24| 213 | 14| 24| 147 | 8| 20| 129 | 4| 13| 148 | 1| 7| 185 | -6| -2| 164 |float=left |clear=left |source = <ref name = "nasa"/> }} |} {{Location map|Switzerland |float = right |width=300 | caption = Nahimutangan sa Donneloye sa Nasod nga Swiss. | label = Donneloye|position=right|background=white|lat=46.74551|long=6.7164}} == Saysay == <references group="saysay"/> == Ang mga gi basihan niini == <references> <ref name = "gn2660993">[{{Geonameslink|gnid=2660993|name=donneloye}} Donneloye] at [{{Geonamesabout}} GeoNames.Org (cc-by)]; post updated 2013-02-26; database download sa 2016-01-03</ref> <ref name = "vp">{{Cite web |url= {{Viewfinderlink}}|title= Viewfinder Panoramas Digital elevation Model|date= 2015-06-21|format= }}</ref> <ref name = "nasapop">{{Cite web |url= http://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/view.php?datasetId=SEDAC_POP|title= NASA Earth Observations: Population Density|access-date = 30 Enero 2016 |publisher= NASA/SEDAC}}</ref> <ref name = "nasalandcover">{{Cite web |url= http://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/view.php?datasetId=MCD12C1_T1|title= NASA Earth Observations: Land Cover Classification|access-date = 30 Enero 2016 |publisher= NASA/MODIS}}</ref> <ref name = "koppen">{{cite journal |last= Peel|first= M C|last2= Finlayson|first2= B L|date= |title= Updated world map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification| url = http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/11/1633/2007/hess-11-1633-2007.html |journal= Hydrology and Earth System Sciences|publisher= |volume= 11|issue= |pages= 1633-1644|doi= 10.5194/hess-11-1633-2007|access-date=30 Enero 2016}}</ref> <ref name = "nasa">{{Cite web |url= http://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/dataset_index.php|title= NASA Earth Observations Data Set Index|access-date = 30 Enero 2016 |publisher= NASA}}</ref> <ref name = "nasarain">{{Cite web |url= http://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/view.php?datasetId=TRMM_3B43M&year=2014|title= NASA Earth Observations: Rainfall (1 month - TRMM)|access-date = 30 Enero 2016 |publisher= NASA/Tropical Rainfall Monitoring Mission}}</ref> </references> == Gikan sa gawas nga tinubdan== {{commonscat|Donneloye|Donneloye}} [[Kategoriya:Mga lungsod sa Canton de Vaud]] b8o1q1lrhah4y5fwqyhg5h1zspkxdsd 0 4068384 35429908 31369373 2025-06-21T06:23:17Z Ziv 111351 ([[c:GR|GR]]) [[File:Rohr-blason.png]] → [[File:CHE Rohr AG COA.svg]] → File replacement: jpg/png/gif to svg vector image ([[c::c:GR]]) 35429908 wikitext text/x-wiki {{paghimo ni bot|Lsjbot|Nasod nga Swiss|date=2016-03}} {{geobox | 1 = Settlement <!-- *** Header *** --> | name = Rohr AG | native_name = Aarau Rohr | other_name = | category = Lungsod | etymology = | official_name = | motto = | nickname = <!-- *** Image *** --> | image = | image_caption = <!-- *** Symbols *** --> | flag = | symbol = CHE Rohr AG COA.svg | symbol_type = <!-- *** Admin *** --> | country = {{flag|Nasod nga Swiss}} | country_flag = | state = [[Kanton Aargau]] | state_type = Kanton | region = [[Bezirk Aarau]] | region_type = Distrito | district = | district_type = | municipality = | municipality_type = <!-- *** Associated with *** --> | part = | landmark = | river = <!-- *** Location *** --> | location = | elevation = 377 | lat_d = 47.40166 | lat_m = | lat_s = | lat_NS = | long_d = 8.07959 | long_m = | long_s = | long_EW = | highest = | highest_note = | highest_elevation = | highest_elevation_note = | lowest = | lowest_note = | lowest_elevation = | lowest_elevation_note = <!-- *** Dimensions *** --> | length = | length_orientation = | width = | width_orientation = | area = | area_decimals = | area_land = | area_land_decimals = | area_water = | area_water_decimals = | area_urban = | area_urban_decimals = | area_metro = | area_metro_decimals = | area_municipal = | area_municipal_decimals = <!-- *** Population *** --> | population = 2771 | population_date = | population_note = ^{gikan sa frwiki} | population_urban = | population_urban_date = | population_urban_note = | population_metro = | population_metro_date = | population_metro_note = | population_municipal = | population_municipal_date = | population_municipal_note = | population_density = | population_density_note = | population_urban_density = | population_urban_density_note = | population_metro_density = | population_metro_density_note = | population_municipal_density = | population_municipal_density_note = <!-- *** People *** --> | population1 = | population1_type = | population2 = | population2_type = | population3 = | population3_type = <!-- *** History and politics *** --> | established = | established_type = | date = | date_type = | government = | government_location = | government_region = | government_state = | mayor = | mayor_party = | leader = | leader_type = <!-- *** Codes *** --> | timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]] | utc_offset = +1 | timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] | utc_offset_DST = +2 | postal_code = | postal_code_type = | area_code = | area_code_type = | code = | code_type = | code1 = | code1_type = <!-- *** Free *** --> | free = | free_type = | free1 = | free1_type = <!-- *** Maps *** --> | map = | map_caption = | map_locator = | map_locator_x = | map_locator_y = <!-- *** Website *** --> | website = <!-- *** Notes *** --> | footnotes = | timezone_label = Europe/Zurich | map2 = Karte Gemeinde Rohr 2007.png }} <!--P.PPL-->[[Lungsod]] ang '''Rohr AG''' ([[Inaleman]]: '''Aarau Rohr''') sa [[Nasod nga Swiss]].<ref name = "gn6692164"/> Nahimutang ni sa distrito sa <!--ADM2-->[[Bezirk Aarau]] ug kanton sa <!--ADM1-->[[Kanton Aargau]], sa sentro nga bahin sa nasod, {{formatnum:70}} km sa amihanan-sidlakan sa [[Bern (ulohang dakbayan)|Bern]] ang ulohan sa nasod. {{formatnum:377}} metros ibabaw sa dagat kahaboga ang nahimutangan sa Rohr AG{{efn|group=saysay|Kalkulado gikan sa gitas-on data (DEM 3") gikan sa Viewfinder Panoramas.<ref name = "vp"/> Ang bug-os nga algoritmo anaa [https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Projekt_DotNetWikiBot_Framework/Lsjbot/Make-Geonames dinhi].}}, ug adunay <!--pop-->{{formatnum:2771}} ka molupyo.<ref name = "frwiki"/> Ang yuta palibot sa Rohr AG kabungtoran sa amihang-sidlakan, apan sa habagatang-kasadpan nga kini mao ang patag. Rohr AG nahimutang sa usa ka walog.{{efn|group=saysay|Kalkulado gikan sa pakigbingkil sa tanan nga gitas-on data (DEM 3") gikan sa Viewfinder Panoramas, sa sulod sa 10 ka kilometro radius.<ref name = "vp"/> Ang bug-os nga algoritmo anaa [https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Projekt_DotNetWikiBot_Framework/Lsjbot/Make-Geonames dinhi].}} Kinahabogang dapit sa palibot ang [[Hombergegg]], {{formatnum:778}} ka metros ni kahaboga ibabaw sa dagat, {{formatnum:3.2}} km sa amihanan sa Rohr AG.{{efn|group=saysay|Ang punto nga labing taas sa ibabaw sa mga lokal nga kapunawpunawan, sumala sa gihabogon data sa GeoNames.<ref name = "gn6692164"/>}} Dunay mga {{formatnum:459}} ka tawo kada kilometro kwadrado sa palibot sa Rohr AG nga hilabihan populasyon.<ref name = "nasapop"/> Ang kinadul-ang mas dakong lungsod mao ang [[Aarau (kapital sa kanton)|Aarau]], {{formatnum:2.8}} km sa kasadpan sa Rohr AG. Hapit nalukop sa [[lasang]] nga [[sagolsagol]] ang palibot sa Rohr AG.<ref name = "nasalandcover"/> Sa rehiyon palibot sa Rohr AG, kabukiran talagsaon komon.{{efn|group=saysay|Mas sulod sa 20 ka kilometro gilay-on itandi sa average nga densidad sa Yuta, sumala sa GeoNames.<ref name = "gn6692164"/>}} Ang klima [[hemiboreal]].<ref name = "koppen"/> Ang kasarangang giiniton {{formatnum:9}} [[°C]]. Ang kinainitan nga bulan Hulyo, sa {{formatnum:20}}&nbsp;[[°C]], ug ang kinabugnawan Disyembre, sa {{formatnum:-4}}&nbsp;°C.<ref name = "nasa"/> Ang kasarangang pag-ulan {{formatnum:1854}} milimetro matag tuig. Ang kinabasaan nga bulan Nobiyembre, sa {{formatnum:202}} milimetro nga ulan, ug ang kinaugahan Marso, sa {{formatnum:76}} milimetro.<ref name = "nasarain"/> {| |- |{{climate chart | Rohr AG | -5| 2| 144 | -6| 1| 127 | -1| 9| 76 | 5| 17| 158 | 12| 20| 172 | 13| 23| 160 | 14| 25| 198 | 14| 23| 170 | 9| 18| 134 | 7| 13| 156 | -2| 5| 202 | -6| -2| 157 |float=left |clear=left |source = <ref name = "nasa"/> }} |} {{Location map|Switzerland |float = right |width=300 | caption = Nahimutangan sa Rohr AG sa Nasod nga Swiss. | label = Rohr AG|position=right|background=white|lat=47.40166|long=8.07959}} == Saysay == <references group="saysay"/> == Ang mga gi basihan niini == <references> <ref name = "gn6692164">[{{Geonameslink|gnid=6692164|name=rohr%20ag}} Rohr AG] at [{{Geonamesabout}} GeoNames.Org (cc-by)]; post updated 2013-03-01; database download sa 2016-01-03</ref> <ref name = "vp">{{Cite web |url= {{Viewfinderlink}}|title= Viewfinder Panoramas Digital elevation Model|date= 2015-06-21|format= }}</ref> <ref name = "frwiki">(gikopiya gikan sa frwiki 2015-07-14)</ref> <ref name = "nasapop">{{Cite web |url= http://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/view.php?datasetId=SEDAC_POP|title= NASA Earth Observations: Population Density|access-date = 30 Enero 2016 |publisher= NASA/SEDAC}}</ref> <ref name = "nasalandcover">{{Cite web |url= http://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/view.php?datasetId=MCD12C1_T1|title= NASA Earth Observations: Land Cover Classification|access-date = 30 Enero 2016 |publisher= NASA/MODIS}}</ref> <ref name = "koppen">{{cite journal |last= Peel|first= M C|last2= Finlayson|first2= B L|date= |title= Updated world map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification| url = http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/11/1633/2007/hess-11-1633-2007.html |journal= Hydrology and Earth System Sciences|publisher= |volume= 11|issue= |pages= 1633-1644|doi= 10.5194/hess-11-1633-2007|access-date=30 Enero 2016}}</ref> <ref name = "nasa">{{Cite web |url= http://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/dataset_index.php|title= NASA Earth Observations Data Set Index|access-date = 30 Enero 2016 |publisher= NASA}}</ref> <ref name = "nasarain">{{Cite web |url= http://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/view.php?datasetId=TRMM_3B43M&year=2014|title= NASA Earth Observations: Rainfall (1 month - TRMM)|access-date = 30 Enero 2016 |publisher= NASA/Tropical Rainfall Monitoring Mission}}</ref> </references> == Gikan sa gawas nga tinubdan== {{commonscat|Rohr AG|Rohr AG}} [[Kategoriya:Mga lungsod sa Kanton Aargau]] eib3kyr2butzacx2bz9cdphhnku6zlt 0 4077913 35429911 31358701 2025-06-21T08:23:01Z Ziv 111351 ([[c:GR|GR]]) [[File:Mundaun.png]] → [[File:COA CHE-GR Mundaun.png]] → File replacement: update to new version ([[c:c:GR]]) 35429911 wikitext text/x-wiki {{paghimo ni bot|Lsjbot|Nasod nga Swiss|date=2016-03}} {{geobox | 1 = Region <!-- *** Header *** --> | name = Mundaun | native_name = | other_name = | category = Munisipyo | official_name = | etymology = | motto = | nickname = <!-- *** Image *** --> | image = | image_caption = <!-- *** Symbols *** --> | flag = | symbol = COA CHE-GR Mundaun.png | country = {{flag|Nasod nga Swiss}} | country_flag = | state = [[Kanton Graubünden]] | state_type = Kanton | region = [[Surselva District]] | region_type = Distrito | district = | district_type = | economic_region = | economic_region_type = <!-- *** Associated with *** --> | border = | part = | city = | landmark = | river = <!-- *** Location *** --> | capital = | capital_type = | capital_location = | capital_region = | capital_country = | capital_elevation = | capital_lat_d = | capital_lat_m = | capital_lat_s = | capital_lat_NS = | capital_long_d = | capital_long_m = | capital_long_s = | capital_long_EW = | highest = | highest_location = | highest_region = | highest_country = | highest_elevation = | highest_lat_d = | highest_lat_m = | highest_lat_s = | highest_lat_NS = | highest_long_d = | highest_long_m = | highest_long_s = | highest_long_EW = | lowest = | lowest_location = | lowest_region = | lowest_country = | lowest_elevation = | lowest_lat_d = | lowest_lat_m = | lowest_lat_s = | lowest_lat_NS = | lowest_long_d = | lowest_long_m = | lowest_long_s = | lowest_long_EW = <!-- *** Dimensions *** --> | length = | length_orientation = | width = | width_orientation = | area = 8.59 | area_decimals = <!-- *** Population *** --> | population = 303 | population_date = 2014-04-03 | population_density = auto | established = | date = | government_location = | government_region = | government_country = | government_elevation = | government_lat_d = | government_lat_m = | government_lat_s = | government_lat_NS = | government_long_d = | government_long_m = | government_long_s = | government_long_EW = | leader = | leader_party = <!-- *** Codes *** --> | timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]] | utc_offset = +1 | timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] | utc_offset_DST = +2 | postal_code = | area_code = | code = <!-- *** Free *** --> | free = | free_type = <!-- *** Maps *** --> | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | map_locator_x = | map_locator_y = <!-- *** Website *** --> | website = <!-- *** Notes *** --> | footnotes = | lat_d = 46.75482 | long_d = 9.15517 | elevation = 1555 | population_note = <ref name = "gn7286589"/> | timezone_label = Europe/Zurich | map2 = Karte Gemeinde Mundaun 2015.png }} <!--A.ADM3-->[[administratibo nga mga dibisyon sa Nasod nga Swiss|Munisipyo]] ang '''Mundaun''' sa [[Nasod nga Swiss]].<ref name = "gn7286589"/> Nahimutang ni sa distrito sa <!--ADM2-->[[Surselva District]] ug kanton sa <!--ADM1-->[[Kanton Graubünden]], sa sidlakang bahin sa nasod, {{formatnum:130}} km sa sidlakan sa [[Bern (ulohang dakbayan)|Bern]] ang ulohan sa nasod. Adunay <!--pop-->{{formatnum:303}} ka molupyo.<ref name = "gn7286589"/> Naglangkob kin og {{formatnum:8.6}} ka kilometro kwadrado. Mundaun mopakigbahin sa usa ka utlanan sa [[Rueun]]. Ang yuta sa Mundaun kabukiran.{{efn|group=saysay|Kalkulado gikan sa gitas-on data (DEM 3") gikan sa Viewfinder Panoramas.<ref name = "vp"/> Ang bug-os nga algoritmo anaa [https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Projekt_DotNetWikiBot_Framework/Lsjbot/Make-Geonames dinhi].}} Ang kasarangang giiniton {{formatnum:3}} [[°C]]. Ang kinainitan nga bulan Hulyo, sa {{formatnum:15}}&nbsp;[[°C]], ug ang kinabugnawan Enero, sa {{formatnum:-9}}&nbsp;°C.<ref name = "nasa"/> Ang kasarangang pag-ulan {{formatnum:1929}} milimetro matag tuig. Ang kinabasaan nga bulan Nobiyembre, sa {{formatnum:246}} milimetro nga ulan, ug ang kinaugahan Marso, sa {{formatnum:78}} milimetro.<ref name = "nasarain"/> {| |- |{{climate chart | Mundaun | -10| -8| 155 | -10| -7| 108 | -6| 2| 78 | -3| 11| 162 | 2| 16| 174 | 7| 19| 177 | 10| 20| 179 | 9| 19| 205 | 5| 15| 126 | 0| 9| 193 | -7| 1| 246 | -9| -5| 126 |float=left |clear=left |source = <ref name = "nasa"/> }} |} {{Location map|Switzerland |float = right |width=300 | caption = Nahimutangan sa Mundaun sa Nasod nga Swiss. | label = Mundaun|position=right|background=white|lat=46.75482|long=9.15517}} == Saysay == <references group="saysay"/> == Ang mga gi basihan niini == <references> <ref name = "gn7286589">[{{Geonameslink|gnid=7286589|name=mundaun}} Mundaun] sa [{{Geonamesabout}} GeoNames.Org (cc-by)]; post updated 2014-04-03; database download sa 2016-01-03</ref> <ref name = "vp">{{Cite web |url= {{Viewfinderlink}}|title= Viewfinder Panoramas Digital elevation Model|date= 2015-06-21|format= }}</ref> <ref name = "nasa">{{Cite web |url= http://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/dataset_index.php|title= NASA Earth Observations Data Set Index|access-date = 30 Enero 2016 |publisher= NASA}}</ref> <ref name = "nasarain">{{Cite web |url= http://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/view.php?datasetId=TRMM_3B43M&year=2014|title= NASA Earth Observations: Rainfall (1 month - TRMM)|access-date = 30 Enero 2016 |publisher= NASA/Tropical Rainfall Monitoring Mission}}</ref> </references> == Gikan sa gawas nga tinubdan== {{commonscat|Mundaun|Mundaun}} [[Kategoriya:Mga subdibisyon sa Kanton Graubünden]] inlw713t2wx6r0lob41bbowukdzrc7y 0 4078416 35429910 31370776 2025-06-21T07:26:22Z Ziv 111351 ([[c:GR|GR]]) [[File:Coat of arms of Schinznach-Bad.svg]] → [[File:CHE Schinznach-Bad COA.svg]] → File replacement: update to new version ([[c:c:GR]]) 35429910 wikitext text/x-wiki {{paghimo ni bot|Lsjbot|Nasod nga Swiss|date=2016-03}} {{geobox | 1 = Region <!-- *** Header *** --> | name = Schinznach-Bad | native_name = | other_name = | category = Munisipyo | official_name = | etymology = | motto = | nickname = <!-- *** Image *** --> | image = Schinznach-Bad kuracparko 013.jpg | image_caption = <!-- *** Symbols *** --> | flag = | symbol = CHE Schinznach-Bad COA.svg | country = {{flag|Nasod nga Swiss}} | country_flag = | state = [[Kanton Aargau]] | state_type = Kanton | region = [[Bezirk Brugg]] | region_type = Distrito | district = | district_type = | economic_region = | economic_region_type = <!-- *** Associated with *** --> | border = | part = | city = | landmark = | river = <!-- *** Location *** --> | capital = | capital_type = | capital_location = | capital_region = | capital_country = | capital_elevation = | capital_lat_d = | capital_lat_m = | capital_lat_s = | capital_lat_NS = | capital_long_d = | capital_long_m = | capital_long_s = | capital_long_EW = | highest = | highest_location = | highest_region = | highest_country = | highest_elevation = | highest_lat_d = | highest_lat_m = | highest_lat_s = | highest_lat_NS = | highest_long_d = | highest_long_m = | highest_long_s = | highest_long_EW = | lowest = | lowest_location = | lowest_region = | lowest_country = | lowest_elevation = | lowest_lat_d = | lowest_lat_m = | lowest_lat_s = | lowest_lat_NS = | lowest_long_d = | lowest_long_m = | lowest_long_s = | lowest_long_EW = <!-- *** Dimensions *** --> | length = | length_orientation = | width = | width_orientation = | area = 1.90 | area_decimals = <!-- *** Population *** --> | population = 1183 | population_date = 2014-04-03 | population_density = auto | established = | date = | government_location = | government_region = | government_country = | government_elevation = | government_lat_d = | government_lat_m = | government_lat_s = | government_lat_NS = | government_long_d = | government_long_m = | government_long_s = | government_long_EW = | leader = | leader_party = <!-- *** Codes *** --> | timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]] | utc_offset = +1 | timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] | utc_offset_DST = +2 | postal_code = | area_code = | code = <!-- *** Free *** --> | free = | free_type = <!-- *** Maps *** --> | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | map_locator_x = | map_locator_y = <!-- *** Website *** --> | website = <!-- *** Notes *** --> | footnotes = | lat_d = 47.45382 | long_d = 8.16869 | elevation = 367 | population_note = <ref name = "gn7287085"/> | timezone_label = Europe/Zurich | map2 = Karte Gemeinde Schinznach-Bad 2013.png }} <!--A.ADM3-->[[administratibo nga mga dibisyon sa Nasod nga Swiss|Munisipyo]] ang '''Schinznach-Bad''' sa [[Nasod nga Swiss]].<ref name = "gn7287085"/> Nahimutang ni sa distrito sa <!--ADM2-->[[Bezirk Brugg]] ug kanton sa <!--ADM1-->[[Kanton Aargau]], sa sentro nga bahin sa nasod, {{formatnum:80}} km sa amihanan-sidlakan sa [[Bern (ulohang dakbayan)|Bern]] ang ulohan sa nasod. Adunay <!--pop-->{{formatnum:1183}} ka molupyo.<ref name = "gn7287085"/> Naglangkob kin og {{formatnum:1.9}} ka kilometro kwadrado. Ang yuta sa Schinznach-Bad patag.{{efn|group=saysay|Kalkulado gikan sa gitas-on data (DEM 3") gikan sa Viewfinder Panoramas.<ref name = "vp"/> Ang bug-os nga algoritmo anaa [https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Projekt_DotNetWikiBot_Framework/Lsjbot/Make-Geonames dinhi].}} Ang klima [[klima sa kontinente]]. Ang kasarangang giiniton {{formatnum:9}} [[°C]]. Ang kinainitan nga bulan Agosto, sa {{formatnum:20}}&nbsp;[[°C]], ug ang kinabugnawan Disyembre, sa {{formatnum:-4}}&nbsp;°C.<ref name = "nasa"/> Ang kasarangang pag-ulan {{formatnum:1854}} milimetro matag tuig. Ang kinabasaan nga bulan Nobiyembre, sa {{formatnum:202}} milimetro nga ulan, ug ang kinaugahan Marso, sa {{formatnum:76}} milimetro.<ref name = "nasarain"/> {{Location map|Switzerland |float = right |width=300 | caption = Nahimutangan sa Schinznach-Bad sa Nasod nga Swiss. | label = Schinznach-Bad|position=right|background=white|lat=47.45382|long=8.16869}} == Saysay == <references group="saysay"/> == Ang mga gi basihan niini == <references> <ref name = "gn7287085">[{{Geonameslink|gnid=7287085|name=schinznach-bad}} Schinznach-Bad] sa [{{Geonamesabout}} GeoNames.Org (cc-by)]; post updated 2014-04-03; database download sa 2016-01-03</ref> <ref name = "vp">{{Cite web |url= {{Viewfinderlink}}|title= Viewfinder Panoramas Digital elevation Model|date= 2015-06-21|format= }}</ref> <ref name = "nasa">{{Cite web |url= http://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/dataset_index.php|title= NASA Earth Observations Data Set Index|access-date = 30 Enero 2016 |publisher= NASA}}</ref> <ref name = "nasarain">{{Cite web |url= http://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/view.php?datasetId=TRMM_3B43M&year=2014|title= NASA Earth Observations: Rainfall (1 month - TRMM)|access-date = 30 Enero 2016 |publisher= NASA/Tropical Rainfall Monitoring Mission}}</ref> </references> == Gikan sa gawas nga tinubdan== {{commonscat|Schinznach-Bad|Schinznach-Bad}} [[Kategoriya:Mga subdibisyon sa Kanton Aargau]] 1tr98xxj5hbo81j7f0sh37u67e2n01g 0 4079291 35429896 34215243 2025-06-20T21:17:35Z Ziv 111351 ([[c:GR|GR]]) [[File:GW-SG-Wildhaus-Alt Sankt Johann.png]] → [[File:CHE Wildhaus-Alt St. Johann COA.svg]] → File replacement: jpg/png/gif to svg vector image ([[c::c:GR]]) 35429896 wikitext text/x-wiki {{paghimo ni bot|Lsjbot|Nasod nga Swiss|date=2016-03}} {{geobox | 1 = Region <!-- *** Header *** --> | name = Wildhaus-Alt St. Johann | native_name = | other_name = | category = Munisipyo | official_name = | etymology = | motto = | nickname = <!-- *** Image *** --> | image = | image_caption = <!-- *** Symbols *** --> | flag = | symbol = CHE Wildhaus-Alt St. Johann COA.svg | country = {{flag|Nasod nga Swiss}} | country_flag = | state = [[Kanton St. Gallen]] | state_type = Kanton | region = [[Wahlkreis Toggenburg]] | region_type = Distrito | district = | district_type = | economic_region = | economic_region_type = <!-- *** Associated with *** --> | border = | part = | city = | landmark = | river = <!-- *** Location *** --> | capital = | capital_type = | capital_location = | capital_region = | capital_country = | capital_elevation = | capital_lat_d = | capital_lat_m = | capital_lat_s = | capital_lat_NS = | capital_long_d = | capital_long_m = | capital_long_s = | capital_long_EW = | highest = | highest_location = | highest_region = | highest_country = | highest_elevation = | highest_lat_d = | highest_lat_m = | highest_lat_s = | highest_lat_NS = | highest_long_d = | highest_long_m = | highest_long_s = | highest_long_EW = | lowest = | lowest_location = | lowest_region = | lowest_country = | lowest_elevation = | lowest_lat_d = | lowest_lat_m = | lowest_lat_s = | lowest_lat_NS = | lowest_long_d = | lowest_long_m = | lowest_long_s = | lowest_long_EW = <!-- *** Dimensions *** --> | length = | length_orientation = | width = | width_orientation = | area = 87.53 | area_decimals = <!-- *** Population *** --> | population = 2642 | population_date = 2014-04-03 | population_density = auto | established = | date = | government_location = | government_region = | government_country = | government_elevation = | government_lat_d = | government_lat_m = | government_lat_s = | government_lat_NS = | government_long_d = | government_long_m = | government_long_s = | government_long_EW = | leader = | leader_party = <!-- *** Codes *** --> | timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]] | utc_offset = +1 | timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] | utc_offset_DST = +2 | postal_code = | area_code = | code = <!-- *** Free *** --> | free = | free_type = <!-- *** Maps *** --> | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | map_locator_x = | map_locator_y = <!-- *** Website *** --> | website = <!-- *** Notes *** --> | footnotes = | lat_d = 47.19723 | long_d = 9.30891 | elevation = 909 | population_note = <ref name = "gn8260336"/> | timezone_label = Europe/Zurich | map2 = Karte Gemeinde Wildhaus-Alt St. Johann 2013.png }} <!--A.ADM3-->[[administratibo nga mga dibisyon sa Nasod nga Swiss|Munisipyo]] ang '''Wildhaus-Alt St. Johann''' sa [[Nasod nga Swiss]].<ref name = "gn8260336"/> Nahimutang ni sa distrito sa <!--ADM2-->[[Wahlkreis Toggenburg]] ug kanton sa <!--ADM1-->[[Kanton St. Gallen]], sa sidlakang bahin sa nasod, {{formatnum:140}} km sa sidlakan sa [[Bern (ulohang dakbayan)|Bern]] ang ulohan sa nasod. Adunay <!--pop-->{{formatnum:2642}} ka molupyo.<ref name = "gn8260336"/> Naglangkob kin og {{formatnum:88}} ka kilometro kwadrado. Ang yuta sa Wildhaus-Alt St. Johann kabukiran sa habagatang-sidlakan, apan sa amihang-kasadpan nga kini mao ang kabungtoran.{{efn|group=saysay|Kalkulado gikan sa gitas-on data (DEM 3") gikan sa Viewfinder Panoramas.<ref name = "vp"/> Ang bug-os nga algoritmo anaa [https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Projekt_DotNetWikiBot_Framework/Lsjbot/Make-Geonames dinhi].}} Ang kasarangang giiniton {{formatnum:4}} [[°C]]. Ang kinainitan nga bulan Hunyo, sa {{formatnum:15}}&nbsp;[[°C]], ug ang kinabugnawan Disyembre, sa {{formatnum:-8}}&nbsp;°C.<ref name = "nasa"/> Ang kasarangang pag-ulan {{formatnum:1954}} milimetro matag tuig. Ang kinabasaan nga bulan Hunyo, sa {{formatnum:234}} milimetro nga ulan, ug ang kinaugahan Marso, sa {{formatnum:81}} milimetro.<ref name = "nasarain"/> {| |- |{{climate chart | Wildhaus-Alt St. Johann | -9| -5| 157 | -9| -3| 114 | -5| 2| 81 | -2| 11| 139 | 2| 14| 183 | 8| 22| 234 | 8| 20| 188 | 9| 20| 207 | 6| 16| 159 | 2| 11| 163 | -5| 1| 183 | -9| -6| 147 |float=left |clear=left |source = <ref name = "nasa"/> }} |} {{Location map|Switzerland |float = right |width=300 | caption = Nahimutangan sa Wildhaus-Alt St. Johann sa Nasod nga Swiss. | label = Wildhaus-Alt St. Johann|position=left|background=white|lat=47.19723|long=9.30891}} == Saysay == <references group="saysay"/> == Ang mga gi basihan niini == <references> <ref name = "gn8260336">[{{Geonameslink|gnid=8260336|name=wildhaus-alt%20st.%20johann}} Wildhaus-Alt St. Johann] sa [{{Geonamesabout}} GeoNames.Org (cc-by)]; post updated 2014-04-03; database download sa 2016-01-03</ref> <ref name = "vp">{{Cite web |url= {{Viewfinderlink}}|title= Viewfinder Panoramas Digital elevation Model|date= 2015-06-21|format= }}</ref> <ref name = "nasa">{{Cite web |url= http://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/dataset_index.php|title= NASA Earth Observations Data Set Index|access-date = 30 Enero 2016 |publisher= NASA}}</ref> <ref name = "nasarain">{{Cite web |url= http://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/view.php?datasetId=TRMM_3B43M&year=2014|title= NASA Earth Observations: Rainfall (1 month - TRMM)|access-date = 30 Enero 2016 |publisher= NASA/Tropical Rainfall Monitoring Mission}}</ref> </references> == Gikan sa gawas nga tinubdan== {{commonscat|Wildhaus-Alt Sankt Johann|Wildhaus-Alt St. Johann}} [[Kategoriya:Mga subdibisyon sa Kanton St. Gallen]] 7f3b0ds5l69slyeqnrby678v23q47g4 0 4079430 35429892 31343208 2025-06-20T20:39:45Z Ziv 111351 ([[c:GR|GR]]) [[File:Berg-SG-blazono.png]] → [[File:Berg SG-blazon.svg]] → File replacement: jpg/png/gif to svg vector image ([[c::c:GR]]) 35429892 wikitext text/x-wiki {{paghimo ni bot|Lsjbot|Nasod nga Swiss|date=2016-03}} {{geobox | 1 = Settlement <!-- *** Header *** --> | name = Ernetschwil | native_name = | other_name = | category = Lungsod | etymology = | official_name = | motto = | nickname = <!-- *** Image *** --> | image = | image_caption = <!-- *** Symbols *** --> | flag = | symbol = Ernetschwil-blazono.png | symbol_type = <!-- *** Admin *** --> | country = {{flag|Nasod nga Swiss}} | country_flag = | state = [[Kanton St. Gallen]] | state_type = Kanton | region = [[Wahlkreis See-Gaster]] | region_type = Distrito | district = | district_type = | municipality = | municipality_type = <!-- *** Associated with *** --> | part = | landmark = | river = <!-- *** Location *** --> | location = | elevation = 577 | lat_d = 47.23752 | lat_m = | lat_s = | lat_NS = | long_d = 9.00054 | long_m = | long_s = | long_EW = | highest = | highest_note = | highest_elevation = | highest_elevation_note = | lowest = | lowest_note = | lowest_elevation = | lowest_elevation_note = <!-- *** Dimensions *** --> | length = | length_orientation = | width = | width_orientation = | area = | area_decimals = | area_land = | area_land_decimals = | area_water = | area_water_decimals = | area_urban = | area_urban_decimals = | area_metro = | area_metro_decimals = | area_municipal = | area_municipal_decimals = <!-- *** Population *** --> | population = 1434 | population_date = | population_note = ^{gikan sa enwiki} | population_urban = | population_urban_date = | population_urban_note = | population_metro = | population_metro_date = | population_metro_note = | population_municipal = | population_municipal_date = | population_municipal_note = | population_density = | population_density_note = | population_urban_density = | population_urban_density_note = | population_metro_density = | population_metro_density_note = | population_municipal_density = | population_municipal_density_note = <!-- *** People *** --> | population1 = | population1_type = | population2 = | population2_type = | population3 = | population3_type = <!-- *** History and politics *** --> | established = | established_type = | date = | date_type = | government = | government_location = | government_region = | government_state = | mayor = | mayor_party = | leader = | leader_type = <!-- *** Codes *** --> | timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]] | utc_offset = +1 | timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] | utc_offset_DST = +2 | postal_code = {{#property:P281}} | postal_code_type = | area_code = | area_code_type = | code = | code_type = | code1 = | code1_type = <!-- *** Free *** --> | free = | free_type = | free1 = | free1_type = <!-- *** Maps *** --> | map = | map_caption = | map_locator = | map_locator_x = | map_locator_y = <!-- *** Website *** --> | website = <!-- *** Notes *** --> | footnotes = | timezone_label = Europe/Zurich | map2 = Berg SG-blazon.svg }} <!--P.PPL-->[[Lungsod]] ang '''Ernetschwil''' sa [[Nasod nga Swiss]].<ref name = "gn8533189"/> Nahimutang ni sa distrito sa <!--ADM2-->[[Wahlkreis See-Gaster]] ug kanton sa <!--ADM1-->[[Kanton St. Gallen]], sa sidlakang bahin sa nasod, {{formatnum:120}} km sa sidlakan sa [[Bern (ulohang dakbayan)|Bern]] ang ulohan sa nasod. {{formatnum:577}} metros ibabaw sa dagat kahaboga ang nahimutangan sa Ernetschwil<ref name = "gn8533189"/>, ug adunay <!--pop-->{{formatnum:1434}} ka molupyo.<ref name = "enwiki"/> Ang yuta palibot sa Ernetschwil kasagaran kabungtoran, apan sa habagatang-sidlakan nga kini mao ang kabukiran.{{efn|group=saysay|Kalkulado gikan sa pakigbingkil sa tanan nga gitas-on data (DEM 3") gikan sa Viewfinder Panoramas, sa sulod sa 10 ka kilometro radius.<ref name = "vp"/> Ang bug-os nga algoritmo anaa [https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Projekt_DotNetWikiBot_Framework/Lsjbot/Make-Geonames dinhi].}} Kinahabogang dapit sa palibot ang [[Köbelberg]], {{formatnum:1087}} ka metros ni kahaboga ibabaw sa dagat, {{formatnum:3.4}} km sa amihanan sa Ernetschwil.{{efn|group=saysay|Ang punto nga labing taas sa ibabaw sa mga lokal nga kapunawpunawan, sumala sa gihabogon data sa GeoNames.<ref name = "gn8533189"/>}} Dunay mga {{formatnum:134}} ka tawo kada kilometro kwadrado sa palibot sa Ernetschwil medyo hilabihan populasyon.<ref name = "nasapop"/> Ang kinadul-ang mas dakong lungsod mao ang [[Rapperswil (lungsod)|Rapperswil]], {{formatnum:13.5}} km sa kasadpan sa Ernetschwil. Hapit nalukop sa [[kaumahan]] ang palibot sa Ernetschwil.<ref name = "nasalandcover"/> Sa rehiyon palibot sa Ernetschwil, kabukiran, ug mga bungtod talagsaon komon.{{efn|group=saysay|Mas sulod sa 20 ka kilometro gilay-on itandi sa average nga densidad sa Yuta, sumala sa GeoNames.<ref name = "gn8533189"/>}} Ang kasarangang giiniton {{formatnum:7}} [[°C]]. Ang kinainitan nga bulan Hulyo, sa {{formatnum:18}}&nbsp;[[°C]], ug ang kinabugnawan Enero, sa {{formatnum:-5}}&nbsp;°C.<ref name = "nasa"/> Ang kasarangang pag-ulan {{formatnum:1954}} milimetro matag tuig. Ang kinabasaan nga bulan Hunyo, sa {{formatnum:234}} milimetro nga ulan, ug ang kinaugahan Marso, sa {{formatnum:81}} milimetro.<ref name = "nasarain"/> {| |- |{{climate chart | Ernetschwil | -7| -3| 157 | -5| 1| 114 | -2| 6| 81 | 4| 14| 139 | 6| 17| 183 | 13| 21| 234 | 13| 23| 188 | 13| 21| 207 | 9| 18| 159 | 7| 12| 163 | -2| 3| 183 | -7| -3| 147 |float=left |clear=left |source = <ref name = "nasa"/> }} |} {{Location map|Switzerland |float = right |width=300 | caption = Nahimutangan sa Ernetschwil sa Nasod nga Swiss. | label = Ernetschwil|position=right|background=white|lat=47.23752|long=9.00054}} == Saysay == <references group="saysay"/> == Ang mga gi basihan niini == <references> <ref name = "gn8533189">[{{Geonameslink|gnid=8533189|name=ernetschwil}} Ernetschwil] sa [{{Geonamesabout}} GeoNames.Org (cc-by)]; post updated 2014-04-04; database download sa 2016-01-03</ref> <ref name = "enwiki">(gikopiya gikan sa enwiki 2015-07-14)</ref> <ref name = "vp">{{Cite web |url= {{Viewfinderlink}}|title= Viewfinder Panoramas Digital elevation Model|date= 2015-06-21|format= }}</ref> <ref name = "nasapop">{{Cite web |url= http://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/view.php?datasetId=SEDAC_POP|title= NASA Earth Observations: Population Density|access-date = 30 Enero 2016 |publisher= NASA/SEDAC}}</ref> <ref name = "nasalandcover">{{Cite web |url= http://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/view.php?datasetId=MCD12C1_T1|title= NASA Earth Observations: Land Cover Classification|access-date = 30 Enero 2016 |publisher= NASA/MODIS}}</ref> <ref name = "nasa">{{Cite web |url= http://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/dataset_index.php|title= NASA Earth Observations Data Set Index|access-date = 30 Enero 2016 |publisher= NASA}}</ref> <ref name = "nasarain">{{Cite web |url= http://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/view.php?datasetId=TRMM_3B43M&year=2014|title= NASA Earth Observations: Rainfall (1 month - TRMM)|access-date = 30 Enero 2016 |publisher= NASA/Tropical Rainfall Monitoring Mission}}</ref> </references> == Gikan sa gawas nga tinubdan== {{commonscat|Ernetschwil|Ernetschwil}} [[Kategoriya:Mga lungsod sa Kanton St. Gallen]] 1k7de6aaob0lovj9uo81nb8vfh6guzx 0 5773361 35429894 32261760 2025-06-20T21:04:36Z Ahonc 506 35429894 wikitext text/x-wiki {{paghimo ni bot|Lsjbot|Malaysiya|date=2016-11}} {{geobox | 1 = Settlement <!-- *** Header *** --> | name = Kampung Baru Subang | native_name = | other_name = | category = Lungsod | etymology = | official_name = | motto = | nickname = <!-- *** Image *** --> | image = | image_caption = <!-- *** Symbols *** --> | flag = | symbol = | symbol_type = <!-- *** Admin *** --> | country = {{flag|Malaysiya}} | country_flag = | state = [[Selangor (estado sa Malaysiya)|Selangor]] | state_type = Estado | region = | region_type = | district = | district_type = | municipality = | municipality_type = <!-- *** Associated with *** --> | part = | landmark = | river = <!-- *** Location *** --> | location = | elevation = 27 | lat_d = 3.15 | lat_m = | lat_s = | lat_NS = | long_d = 101.53333 | long_m = | long_s = | long_EW = | highest = | highest_note = | highest_elevation = | highest_elevation_note = | lowest = | lowest_note = | lowest_elevation = | lowest_elevation_note = <!-- *** Dimensions *** --> | length = | length_orientation = | width = | width_orientation = | area = | area_decimals = | area_land = | area_land_decimals = | area_water = | area_water_decimals = | area_urban = | area_urban_decimals = | area_metro = | area_metro_decimals = | area_municipal = | area_municipal_decimals = <!-- *** Population *** --> | population = 833571 | population_date = 2012-02-19 | population_note = <ref name = "gn1771023"/> | population_urban = | population_urban_date = | population_urban_note = | population_metro = | population_metro_date = | population_metro_note = | population_municipal = | population_municipal_date = | population_municipal_note = | population_density = | population_density_note = | population_urban_density = | population_urban_density_note = | population_metro_density = | population_metro_density_note = | population_municipal_density = | population_municipal_density_note = <!-- *** People *** --> | population1 = | population1_type = | population2 = | population2_type = | population3 = | population3_type = <!-- *** History and politics *** --> | established = | established_type = | date = | date_type = | government = | government_location = | government_region = | government_state = | mayor = | mayor_party = | leader = | leader_type = <!-- *** Codes *** --> | timezone = [[Malaysia Standard Time|MST]] | utc_offset = +8 | timezone_DST = | utc_offset_DST = | postal_code = | postal_code_type = | area_code = | area_code_type = | code = | code_type = | code1 = | code1_type = <!-- *** Free *** --> | free = | free_type = | free1 = | free1_type = <!-- *** Maps *** --> | map = | map_caption = | map_locator = | map_locator_x = | map_locator_y = <!-- *** Website *** --> | website = <!-- *** Notes *** --> | footnotes = | timezone_label = Asia/Kuala_Lumpur | geonames = 1771023 }} <!--P.PPL-->[[Lungsod]] ang '''Kampung Baru Subang''' sa [[Malaysiya]].<ref name = "gn1771023"/> Nahimutang ni sa estado sa <!--ADM1-->[[Selangor (estado sa Malaysiya)|Selangor]], sa kasadpang bahin sa nasod, {{formatnum:17}} km sa kasadpan sa [[Kuala Lumpur (ulohang dakbayan)|Kuala Lumpur]] ang ulohan sa nasod. {{formatnum:27}} metros ibabaw sa dagat kahaboga ang nahimutangan sa Kampung Baru Subang<ref name = "gn1771023"/>, ug adunay <!--pop-->{{formatnum:833571}} ka molupyo.<ref name = "gn1771023"/> Ang yuta palibot sa Kampung Baru Subang patag.{{efn|group=saysay|Kalkulado gikan sa pakigbingkil sa tanan nga gitas-on data (DEM 3") gikan sa Viewfinder Panoramas, sa sulod sa 10 ka kilometro radius.<ref name = "vp"/> Ang bug-os nga algoritmo anaa [https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Projekt_DotNetWikiBot_Framework/Lsjbot/Make-Geonames dinhi].}} Kinahabogang dapit sa palibot ang [[Bukit Lagong (bukid sa Malaysiya)|Bukit Lagong]], {{formatnum:558}} ka metros ni kahaboga ibabaw sa dagat, {{formatnum:13.5}} km sa amihanan-sidlakan sa Kampung Baru Subang.{{efn|group=saysay|Ang punto nga labing taas sa ibabaw sa mga lokal nga kapunawpunawan, sumala sa gihabogon data sa GeoNames.<ref name = "gn1771023"/>}} Dunay mga {{formatnum:2915}} ka tawo kada kilometro kwadrado sa palibot sa Kampung Baru Subang may kaayo hilabihan populasyon.<ref name = "nasapop"/> Ang kinadul-ang mas dakong lungsod mao ang [[Kuala Lumpur (ulohang dakbayan)|Kuala Lumpur]], {{formatnum:17.0}} km sa sidlakan sa Kampung Baru Subang. Hapit nalukop sa [[kaumahan]] ang palibot sa Kampung Baru Subang.<ref name = "nasalandcover"/> Sa rehiyon palibot sa Kampung Baru Subang, mga lasang talagsaon komon.{{efn|group=saysay|Mas sulod sa 20 ka kilometro gilay-on itandi sa average nga densidad sa Yuta, sumala sa GeoNames.<ref name = "gn1771023"/>}} Ang klima [[tropikal nga kasalupan]]. Ang kasarangang giiniton {{formatnum:25}} [[°C]]. Ang kinainitan nga bulan Marso, sa {{formatnum:26}}&nbsp;[[°C]], ug ang kinabugnawan Disyembre, sa {{formatnum:24}}&nbsp;°C.<ref name = "nasa"/> Ang kasarangang pag-ulan {{formatnum:3139}} milimetro matag tuig. Ang kinabasaan nga bulan Nobiyembre, sa {{formatnum:434}} milimetro nga ulan, ug ang kinaugahan Hunyo, sa {{formatnum:86}} milimetro.<ref name = "nasarain"/> {{Location map|Malaysia |float = right |width=300 | caption = Nahimutangan sa Kampung Baru Subang sa Malaysiya. | label = Kampung Baru Subang|position=right|background=white|lat=3.15|long=101.53333}} == Saysay == <references group="saysay"/> == Ang mga gi basihan niini == <references> <ref name = "gn1771023">[{{Geonameslink|gnid=1771023|name=kampung%20baru%20subang}} Kampung Baru Subang] sa [{{Geonamesabout}} Geonames.org (cc-by)]; post updated 2012-02-19; database download sa 2016-10-22</ref> <ref name = "vp">{{Cite web |url= {{Viewfinderlink}}|title= Viewfinder Panoramas Digital elevation Model|date= 2015-06-21|format= }}</ref> <ref name = "nasapop">{{Cite web |url= http://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/view.php?datasetId=SEDAC_POP|title= NASA Earth Observations: Population Density|access-date = 30 Enero 2016 |publisher= NASA/SEDAC}}</ref> <ref name = "nasalandcover">{{Cite web |url= http://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/view.php?datasetId=MCD12C1_T1|title= NASA Earth Observations: Land Cover Classification|access-date = 30 Enero 2016 |publisher= NASA/MODIS}}</ref> <ref name = "nasa">{{Cite web |url= http://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/dataset_index.php|title= NASA Earth Observations Data Set Index|access-date = 30 Enero 2016 |publisher= NASA}}</ref> <ref name = "nasarain">{{Cite web |url= http://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/view.php?datasetId=TRMM_3B43M|title= NASA Earth Observations: Rainfall (1 month - TRMM)|access-date = 30 Enero 2016 |publisher= NASA/Tropical Rainfall Monitoring Mission}}</ref> </references> [[Kategoriya:Mga lungsod sa Selangor (estado sa Malaysiya)]] [[Kategoriya:Mga lungsod sa Malaysiya nga mas dako pa kay sa 300,000 ka mga tawo]] 3w44kh6bjf6k53whzprqppyemilqm7x 0 7156831 35429888 32936039 2025-06-20T12:58:05Z Arancycn 128986 Arancycn moved page [[Jugon-les-Lacs (lungsod)]] to [[Jugon (lungsod)]]: Misspelled title 32936039 wikitext text/x-wiki {{paghimo ni bot|Lsjbot|Pransiya|date=2017-02}} {{geobox | 1 = Settlement <!-- *** Header *** --> | name = Jugon-les-Lacs | native_name = | other_name = | category = Lungsod | etymology = | official_name = | motto = | nickname = <!-- *** Image *** --> | image = | image_caption = <!-- *** Symbols *** --> | flag = | symbol = | symbol_type = <!-- *** Admin *** --> | country = {{flag|Pransiya}} | country_flag = | state = | state_type = | region = | region_type = | district = | district_type = | municipality = | municipality_type = <!-- *** Associated with *** --> | part = | landmark = | river = <!-- *** Location *** --> | location = | elevation = 63 | lat_d = 48.41667 | lat_m = | lat_s = | lat_NS = | long_d = -2.33333 | long_m = | long_s = | long_EW = | highest = | highest_note = | highest_elevation = | highest_elevation_note = | lowest = | lowest_note = | lowest_elevation = | lowest_elevation_note = <!-- *** Dimensions *** --> | length = | length_orientation = | width = | width_orientation = | area = | area_decimals = | area_land = | area_land_decimals = | area_water = | area_water_decimals = | area_urban = | area_urban_decimals = | area_metro = | area_metro_decimals = | area_municipal = | area_municipal_decimals = <!-- *** Population *** --> | population = 1416 | population_date = 2016-02-18 | population_note = <ref name = "gn3012129"/> | population_urban = | population_urban_date = | population_urban_note = | population_metro = | population_metro_date = | population_metro_note = | population_municipal = | population_municipal_date = | population_municipal_note = | population_density = | population_density_note = | population_urban_density = | population_urban_density_note = | population_metro_density = | population_metro_density_note = | population_municipal_density = | population_municipal_density_note = <!-- *** People *** --> | population1 = | population1_type = | population2 = | population2_type = | population3 = | population3_type = <!-- *** History and politics *** --> | established = | established_type = | date = | date_type = | government = | government_location = | government_region = | government_state = | mayor = | mayor_party = | leader = | leader_type = <!-- *** Codes *** --> | timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]] | utc_offset = +1 | timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] | utc_offset_DST = +2 | postal_code = | postal_code_type = | area_code = | area_code_type = | code = | code_type = | code1 = | code1_type = <!-- *** Free *** --> | free = | free_type = | free1 = | free1_type = <!-- *** Maps *** --> | map = | map_caption = | map_locator = | map_locator_x = | map_locator_y = <!-- *** Website *** --> | website = <!-- *** Notes *** --> | footnotes = | timezone_label = Europe/Paris | geonames = 3012129 }} <!--P.PPL-->[[Lungsod]] ang '''Jugon-les-Lacs''' sa [[Pransiya]].<ref name = "gn3012129"/> Nahimutang ni sa amihanang bahin sa nasod, {{formatnum:300}} km sa kasadpan sa [[Paris]] ang ulohan sa nasod. {{formatnum:63}} metros ibabaw sa dagat kahaboga ang nahimutangan sa Jugon-les-Lacs<ref name = "gn3012129"/>, ug adunay <!--pop-->{{formatnum:1416}} ka molupyo.<ref name = "gn3012129"/> Ang yuta palibot sa Jugon-les-Lacs patag.{{efn|group=saysay|Kalkulado gikan sa pakigbingkil sa tanan nga gitas-on data (DEM 3") gikan sa Viewfinder Panoramas, sa sulod sa 10 ka kilometro radius.<ref name = "vp"/> Ang bug-os nga algoritmo anaa [https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Projekt_DotNetWikiBot_Framework/Lsjbot/Make-Geonames dinhi].}} Dunay mga {{formatnum:47}} ka tawo kada kilometro kwadrado sa palibot sa Jugon-les-Lacs medyo gamay nga populasyon.<ref name = "nasapop"/> Ang kinadul-ang mas dakong lungsod mao ang [[Lamballe (lungsod)|Lamballe]], {{formatnum:14.5}} km sa kasadpan sa Jugon-les-Lacs. Hapit nalukop sa [[kaumahan]] ang palibot sa Jugon-les-Lacs.<ref name = "nasalandcover"/> Ang klima [[baybayon]].<ref name = "koppen"/> Ang kasarangang giiniton {{formatnum:10}} [[°C]]. Ang kinainitan nga bulan Hulyo, sa {{formatnum:18}}&nbsp;[[°C]], ug ang kinabugnawan Enero, sa {{formatnum:4}}&nbsp;°C.<ref name = "nasa"/> Ang kasarangang pag-ulan {{formatnum:1049}} milimetro matag tuig. Ang kinabasaan nga bulan Nobiyembre, sa {{formatnum:120}} milimetro nga ulan, ug ang kinaugahan Septiyembre, sa {{formatnum:51}} milimetro.<ref name = "nasarain"/> {{Location map|France |float = right |width=300 | caption = Nahimutangan sa Jugon-les-Lacs sa Pransiya. | label = Jugon-les-Lacs|position=right|background=white|lat=48.41667|long=-2.33333}} == Saysay == <references group="saysay"/> == Ang mga gi basihan niini == <references> <ref name = "gn3012129">[{{Geonameslink|gnid=3012129|name=jugon-les-lacs}} Jugon-les-Lacs] sa [{{Geonamesabout}} Geonames.org (cc-by)]; post updated 2016-02-18; database download sa 2017-02-07</ref> <ref name = "vp">{{Cite web |url= {{Viewfinderlink}}|title= Viewfinder Panoramas Digital elevation Model|date= 2015-06-21|format= }}</ref> <ref name = "nasapop">{{Cite web |url= http://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/view.php?datasetId=SEDAC_POP|title= NASA Earth Observations: Population Density|access-date = 30 Enero 2016 |publisher= NASA/SEDAC}}</ref> <ref name = "nasalandcover">{{Cite web |url= http://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/view.php?datasetId=MCD12C1_T1|title= NASA Earth Observations: Land Cover Classification|access-date = 30 Enero 2016 |publisher= NASA/MODIS}}</ref> <ref name = "koppen">{{cite journal |last= Peel|first= M C|last2= Finlayson|first2= B L|date= |title= Updated world map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification| url = http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/11/1633/2007/hess-11-1633-2007.html |journal= Hydrology and Earth System Sciences|publisher= |volume= 11|issue= |pages= 1633-1644|doi= 10.5194/hess-11-1633-2007|access-date=30 Enero 2016}}</ref> <ref name = "nasa">{{Cite web |url= http://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/dataset_index.php|title= NASA Earth Observations Data Set Index|access-date = 30 Enero 2016 |publisher= NASA}}</ref> <ref name = "nasarain">{{Cite web |url= http://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/view.php?datasetId=TRMM_3B43M|title= NASA Earth Observations: Rainfall (1 month - TRMM)|access-date = 30 Enero 2016 |publisher= NASA/Tropical Rainfall Monitoring Mission}}</ref> </references> [[Kategoriya:Mga lungsod sa Pransiya]] o4giz8smt84ilsw3t1y1t3z98cjxbpe 35429890 35429888 2025-06-20T13:01:31Z Arancycn 128986 35429890 wikitext text/x-wiki {{paghimo ni bot|Lsjbot|Pransiya|date=2017-02}} {{geobox | 1 = Settlement <!-- *** Header *** --> | name = Jugon | native_name = | other_name = | category = Lungsod | etymology = | official_name = | motto = | nickname = <!-- *** Image *** --> | image = | image_caption = <!-- *** Symbols *** --> | flag = | symbol = | symbol_type = <!-- *** Admin *** --> | country = {{flag|Pransiya}} | country_flag = | state = | state_type = | region = | region_type = | district = | district_type = | municipality = [[Jugon-les-Lacs (munisipyo)|Jugon-les-Lacs]] | municipality_type = <!-- *** Associated with *** --> | part = | landmark = | river = <!-- *** Location *** --> | location = | elevation = 63 | lat_d = 48.41667 | lat_m = | lat_s = | lat_NS = | long_d = -2.33333 | long_m = | long_s = | long_EW = | highest = | highest_note = | highest_elevation = | highest_elevation_note = | lowest = | lowest_note = | lowest_elevation = | lowest_elevation_note = <!-- *** Dimensions *** --> | length = | length_orientation = | width = | width_orientation = | area = | area_decimals = | area_land = | area_land_decimals = | area_water = | area_water_decimals = | area_urban = | area_urban_decimals = | area_metro = | area_metro_decimals = | area_municipal = | area_municipal_decimals = <!-- *** Population *** --> | population = 1416 | population_date = 2016-02-18 | population_note = <ref name = "gn3012129"/> | population_urban = | population_urban_date = | population_urban_note = | population_metro = | population_metro_date = | population_metro_note = | population_municipal = | population_municipal_date = | population_municipal_note = | population_density = | population_density_note = | population_urban_density = | population_urban_density_note = | population_metro_density = | population_metro_density_note = | population_municipal_density = | population_municipal_density_note = <!-- *** People *** --> | population1 = | population1_type = | population2 = | population2_type = | population3 = | population3_type = <!-- *** History and politics *** --> | established = | established_type = | date = | date_type = | government = | government_location = | government_region = | government_state = | mayor = | mayor_party = | leader = | leader_type = <!-- *** Codes *** --> | timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]] | utc_offset = +1 | timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] | utc_offset_DST = +2 | postal_code = | postal_code_type = | area_code = | area_code_type = | code = | code_type = | code1 = | code1_type = <!-- *** Free *** --> | free = | free_type = | free1 = | free1_type = <!-- *** Maps *** --> | map = | map_caption = | map_locator = | map_locator_x = | map_locator_y = <!-- *** Website *** --> | website = <!-- *** Notes *** --> | footnotes = | timezone_label = Europe/Paris | geonames = 3012129 }} <!--P.PPL-->[[Lungsod]] ang '''Jugon''' sa [[Pransiya]].<ref name = "gn3012129"/> Nahimutang ni sa amihanang bahin sa nasod, {{formatnum:300}} km sa kasadpan sa [[Paris]] ang ulohan sa nasod. {{formatnum:63}} metros ibabaw sa dagat kahaboga ang nahimutangan sa Jugon<ref name = "gn3012129"/>, ug adunay <!--pop-->{{formatnum:1416}} ka molupyo.<ref name = "gn3012129"/> Ang yuta palibot sa Jugon patag.{{efn|group=saysay|Kalkulado gikan sa pakigbingkil sa tanan nga gitas-on data (DEM 3") gikan sa Viewfinder Panoramas, sa sulod sa 10 ka kilometro radius.<ref name = "vp"/> Ang bug-os nga algoritmo anaa [https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Projekt_DotNetWikiBot_Framework/Lsjbot/Make-Geonames dinhi].}} Dunay mga {{formatnum:47}} ka tawo kada kilometro kwadrado sa palibot sa Jugon medyo gamay nga populasyon.<ref name = "nasapop"/> Ang kinadul-ang mas dakong lungsod mao ang [[Lamballe (lungsod)|Lamballe]], {{formatnum:14.5}} km sa kasadpan sa Jugon. Hapit nalukop sa [[kaumahan]] ang palibot sa Jugon.<ref name = "nasalandcover"/> Ang klima [[baybayon]].<ref name = "koppen"/> Ang kasarangang giiniton {{formatnum:10}} [[°C]]. Ang kinainitan nga bulan Hulyo, sa {{formatnum:18}}&nbsp;[[°C]], ug ang kinabugnawan Enero, sa {{formatnum:4}}&nbsp;°C.<ref name = "nasa"/> Ang kasarangang pag-ulan {{formatnum:1049}} milimetro matag tuig. Ang kinabasaan nga bulan Nobiyembre, sa {{formatnum:120}} milimetro nga ulan, ug ang kinaugahan Septiyembre, sa {{formatnum:51}} milimetro.<ref name = "nasarain"/> {{Location map|France |float = right |width=300 | caption = Nahimutangan sa Jugon sa Pransiya. | label = Jugon|position=right|background=white|lat=48.41667|long=-2.33333}} == Saysay == <references group="saysay"/> == Ang mga gi basihan niini == <references> <ref name = "gn3012129">[{{Geonameslink|gnid=3012129|name=jugon-les-lacs}} Jugon-les-Lacs] sa [{{Geonamesabout}} Geonames.org (cc-by)]; post updated 2016-02-18; database download sa 2017-02-07</ref> <ref name = "vp">{{Cite web |url= {{Viewfinderlink}}|title= Viewfinder Panoramas Digital elevation Model|date= 2015-06-21|format= }}</ref> <ref name = "nasapop">{{Cite web |url= http://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/view.php?datasetId=SEDAC_POP|title= NASA Earth Observations: Population Density|access-date = 30 Enero 2016 |publisher= NASA/SEDAC}}</ref> <ref name = "nasalandcover">{{Cite web |url= http://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/view.php?datasetId=MCD12C1_T1|title= NASA Earth Observations: Land Cover Classification|access-date = 30 Enero 2016 |publisher= NASA/MODIS}}</ref> <ref name = "koppen">{{cite journal |last= Peel|first= M C|last2= Finlayson|first2= B L|date= |title= Updated world map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification| url = http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/11/1633/2007/hess-11-1633-2007.html |journal= Hydrology and Earth System Sciences|publisher= |volume= 11|issue= |pages= 1633-1644|doi= 10.5194/hess-11-1633-2007|access-date=30 Enero 2016}}</ref> <ref name = "nasa">{{Cite web |url= http://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/dataset_index.php|title= NASA Earth Observations Data Set Index|access-date = 30 Enero 2016 |publisher= NASA}}</ref> <ref name = "nasarain">{{Cite web |url= http://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/view.php?datasetId=TRMM_3B43M|title= NASA Earth Observations: Rainfall (1 month - TRMM)|access-date = 30 Enero 2016 |publisher= NASA/Tropical Rainfall Monitoring Mission}}</ref> </references> [[Kategoriya:Mga lungsod sa Pransiya]] 2bgjz2up1wecmmfr4dzktnx6tb2l25i 2 11342522 35429904 35429725 2025-06-21T02:09:38Z Như Gây Mê 110847 35429904 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DISPLAYTITLE:'''<span style="color:#FF0000;">{{NAMESPACE}}:</span><span style="color:green;">{{PAGENAME}}</span></span></span>'''}} {{#Babel:en-3|vi-N|fil-2|tl-2|ceb-3}} <templatestyles src="User:Như Gây Mê/Stars.css" /><div class="stars" aria-hidden="true"><div class="star"></div><div class="star">⭐</div><div class="star">⭐</div><div class="star">⭐</div><div class="star">⭐</div><div class="star">⭐</div><div class="star">⭐</div><div class="star">⭐</div><div class="star">⭐</div><div class="star">⭐</div><div class="star">⭐</div><div class="star">⭐</div></div> {{userboxtop}} {{Wikipedia/Tigdumala}} {{Wikipedia/Interface tigdumala}} {{User Incubator admin|test=test}} {{User admin somewhere since|year=2024|month=1|day=11}} {{Gumagamit VRT}} {{User rollbacker on Wikipedia Vietnamese}} {{User rollbacker on Wikipedia English}} {{User vi-N}} {{User pirma sa membro}} {{Ang tiggamit kay Binyetnamita}} {{User autopatrolled Meta-Wiki}} {{User gender}} {{Member ng patrol}} {{User Twinkle}} {{UBX/Twinkle}} {{UBX/Twinkle2}} {{UBX/Twinkle3}} {{User SWViewer}} {{Gumagamit Cross-wiki patrol naggamit ang SWViewer}} {{User Wikipedian for|year=2020|month=9|day=20}} {{Mga miyembro nga nahigugma sa Pilipinas}} {{User guitar}} {{User Vietnamese Youth Union}} {{Mga miyembro nga ganahan sa kolor nga pula}} {{User English Central}} {{User programmer}} {{User HTML}} {{User CSS}} {{User C}} {{User c++}} {{User c sharp}} {{User js}} {{User py}} {{User pas}} {{User Buddhist}} {{User Buddhist-interest}} {{User-Android}} {{User GenerationZ}} {{User limits caffeine}} {{User proud Asian}} {{User oops|I}} {{User Vandal}} {{User Unbiased}} {{userboxbottom}} {{busy|[[Gumagamit:Như Gây Mê|<span style="color:orange;"><strong>Halley</strong></span>]] [[Philippines|<span style="color:#00bbe6;"><strong>^{luv Filipino ❤}</strong></span>]]}} {{userpage}} {{Paghangyo nga dili usbon ang panid sa gumagamit}} {{Như Gây Mê/Vietnam Flag}} Kumusta, pwede ko nimo tawgon ug Halley. 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W. Griffith]] | producer = | writer = [[Frank E. Woods]] | starring = {{Plainlist| * [[Marion Leonard]] * [[George Nichols]] * [[Henry B. Walthall]] }} | music = | cinematography = [[G. W. Bitzer]] | editing = | distributor = [[Biograph Company]] | released = {{film date|1909|12|23}} }} Ang '''''In Little It..." 35429905 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox pelikula | name = In Little Italy | image = | caption = | director = [[D. W. Griffith]] | producer = | writer = [[Frank E. Woods]] | starring = {{Plainlist| * [[Marion Leonard]] * [[George Nichols]] * [[Henry B. Walthall]] }} | music = | cinematography = [[G. W. Bitzer]] | editing = | distributor = [[Biograph Company]] | released = {{film date|1909|12|23}} }} Ang '''''In Little Italy''''' (1909) maoy [[Amerikano]]ng pelikula gidirek ni [[D. W. Griffith]].<ref>[https://www.silentera.com/PSFL/data/I/InLittleItaly1909.html In Little Italy]</ref><ref>Jennifer M. Bean. ''Flickers of Desire: Movie Stars of the 1910s''</ref> ==Cast== * [[Marion Leonard]] - Marie Cadrona. * [[George Nichols]] - Tony Guilletto. * [[Henry B. Walthall]] - Victor Ratazzi. * [[Anthony O'Sullivan]]. * [[James Kirkwood]]. == Mga pakisayran == {{reflist}} [[Kategoriya:Amerikanong pelikula]] 6zorocurhf8jbuvng85x5yzqlljpp2s 0 11348055 35429906 2025-06-21T05:29:13Z Nikolai Kurbatov 60172 Created page with "{{Infobox pelikula | name = Jones and His New Neighbors | image = Biograph Films advertisement in "The Moving Picture World", 1909.jpg | caption = | director = [[D. W. Griffith]] | producer = [[American Mutoscope and Biograph Company]] | writer = [[Frank E. Woods]] | starring = [[John R. Cumpson]]<br>[[Florence Lawrence]]<br>[[Anita Hendrie]] | cinematography = [[G. W. Bitzer]] | editing = | distributor = |..." 35429906 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox pelikula | name = Jones and His New Neighbors | image = Biograph Films advertisement in "The Moving Picture World", 1909.jpg | caption = | director = [[D. W. Griffith]] | producer = [[American Mutoscope and Biograph Company]] | writer = [[Frank E. Woods]] | starring = [[John R. Cumpson]]<br>[[Florence Lawrence]]<br>[[Anita Hendrie]] | cinematography = [[G. W. Bitzer]] | editing = | distributor = | released = {{Film date|1909|3|29}} }} Ang '''''Jones and His New Neighbors''''' (1909) maoy [[Amerikano]]ng pelikula gidirek ni [[D. W. Griffith]].<ref>[https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/36490 JONES AND HIS NEW NEIGHBORS]</ref><ref>Bernard A. Drew. ''Motion Picture Series and Sequels: A Reference Guide''</ref> ==Cast== * [[John R. Cumpson]] - Mr. Jones * [[Florence Lawrence]] - Mrs. Jones * [[Anita Hendrie]] * [[Mack Sennett]] * [[Gertrude Robinson]] == Mga pakisayran == {{reflist}} [[Kategoriya:Amerikanong pelikula]] tnppcwfalerkbvnvbo8xrygjy5i2eox 0 11348056 35429907 2025-06-21T05:32:34Z Nikolai Kurbatov 60172 Created page with "{{Infobox pelikula | name = Jones and the Lady Book Agent | image = Film still of 1909 Biograph comedy "Jones and the Lady Book Agent".jpg | caption = | director = [[D. W. Griffith]] | producer = [[American Mutoscope and Biograph Company]] | writer = [[Frank E. Woods]] | starring = [[John R. Cumpson]]<br>[[Florence Lawrence]]<br>[[Flora Finch]] | cinematography = [[G. W. Bitzer]] | editing = | distributor =..." 35429907 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox pelikula | name = Jones and the Lady Book Agent | image = Film still of 1909 Biograph comedy "Jones and the Lady Book Agent".jpg | caption = | director = [[D. W. Griffith]] | producer = [[American Mutoscope and Biograph Company]] | writer = [[Frank E. Woods]] | starring = [[John R. Cumpson]]<br>[[Florence Lawrence]]<br>[[Flora Finch]] | cinematography = [[G. W. Bitzer]] | editing = | distributor = | released = {{Film date|1909|5|10}} }} Ang '''''Jones and the Lady Book Agent''''' (1909) maoy [[Amerikano]]ng pelikula gidirek ni [[D. W. Griffith]].<ref>[https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/36491 JONES AND THE LADY BOOK AGENT]</ref><ref>[https://letterboxd.com/film/jones-and-the-lady-book-agent/ Jones and the Lady Book Agent]</ref> ==Cast== * [[John R. Cumpson]] - Mr. Jones * [[Florence Lawrence]] - Mrs. Jones * [[Flora Finch]] * [[Mack Sennett]] - Smith * [[Gertrude Robinson]] == Mga pakisayran == {{reflist}} [[Kategoriya:Amerikanong pelikula]] 2m7tyc5dpjr14fvxjunjp1p9m66nxb3 2 11348057 35429912 2025-06-21T09:29:43Z Jonathantobi 128855 Created page with "{{User sandbox}} <!-- EDIT BELOW THIS LINE --> {{Infobox officeholder | honorific-prefix = [[The Honorable]]<br /> | name = Mike Rama | image = Mayor of Cebu City Mike Rama.webp | caption = Si Rama pagka 2022 | office1 = Ika-26 nga Mayor<br />sa Dakbayan sa Sugbo | term_start1 = November 20, 2021 | term_end1 = October 3, 2024 <br /> {{small|Suspendido: May 8 – October 3, 2024}} | 1blankname1 = {{nowrap|..." 35429912 wikitext text/x-wiki {{User sandbox}} <!-- EDIT BELOW THIS LINE --> {{Infobox officeholder | honorific-prefix = [[The Honorable]]<br /> | name = Mike Rama | image = Mayor of Cebu City Mike Rama.webp | caption = Si Rama pagka 2022 | office1 = Ika-26 nga Mayor<br />sa Dakbayan sa Sugbo | term_start1 = November 20, 2021 | term_end1 = October 3, 2024 <br /> {{small|Suspendido: May 8 – October 3, 2024}} | 1blankname1 = {{nowrap|Vice Mayor}} | 1namedata1 = Dondon Hontiveros (2021–2022)<br /> Raymond Alvin Garcia (2022–2024) | predecessor1 = Edgardo Labella | successor1 = Raymond Alvin Garcia | term_start2 = June 30, 2010 | term_end2 = May 17, 2016 <br />{{small|Suspendido: December 11, 2015 – February 8, 2016}} | 1blankname2 = {{nowrap|Vice Mayor}} | 1namedata2 = Joy Augustus Young|Joy Young (2010–2013)<br>Edgardo Labella (2013–2016) | predecessor2 = [[Tomas Osmeña]] | successor2 = Margot Osmeña|Margarita Osmeña {{small|(acting)}} <br />Tomas Osmeña | office3 = Ika-16 nga Bise Mayor<br />sa Dakbayan sa Sugbo | term_start3 = June 30, 2019 | term_end3 = November 19, 2021 | 1blankname3 = {{nowrap|Mayor}} | 1namedata3 = Edgardo Labella | predecessor3 = Edgardo Labella | successor3 = Dondon Hontiveros | term_start4 = June 30, 2001 | term_end4 = June 30, 2010 | 1blankname4 = {{nowrap|Mayor}} | 1namedata4 = [[Tomas Osmeña]] | predecessor4 = Renato V. Osmeña Sr. | successor4 = Joy Young | office5 = Miyembro sa Sangguniang Panlungsod<br>sa Dakbayan sa Sugbo<br>gikan sa ika-duha nga distrito | term_start5 = June 30, 1992 | term_end5 = June 30, 2001 | birth_name = Michael Lopez Rama | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1954|10|28|mf=y}} | birth_place = [[Cebu City]], Philippines | death_date = | death_place = | party = Barug (lokal; sukad 2012) <br> PDP (national; sukad 2019) | otherparty = BO-PK (1992–2011)<br>PROMDI (hangtod 2004)<br>Lakas (2004–2009)<br>Liberal (2009–;2012)<br>UNA (2012–2019) | spouse = {{unbulleted list | Araceli Lim Francisco<br><small>(nagbuwag 2000)</small> | {{marriage|Malou Mandanat Rama|2022}} }} | children = 3 | father = Fernando Genson Rama | mother = Natividad Lopez | relations = [[#Personal life|Pamilya Rama]] | occupation = Politician | profession = HRD manager, Lawyer | education = [[Velez College]] ([[Bachelor of Science|BS]])<br>[[San Beda College of Law|San Beda College]] ([[Bachelor of Laws|LL.B]]) | signature = Michael Rama Signature.png }} == Rewrite of [[Mike Rama]] - Do NOT edit == [[ File:Official_handover_turnover_of_Palarong_Pambansa_Flag_(Rizal,_Metro_Manila;_2023-08-05)_E911a_13.jpg|thumb|Rama at [[Marikina Sports Center]]]] Si '''Michael Lopez Rama''' (natawo Oktubre 28, 1954) usa ka [[Pilipino|Pilipinong]] [[politiko]] ug abogado nga nag-alagad isip ika-26 nga Mayor sa [[Dakbayan sa Sugbo]] gikan 2021 hangtod 2024, ug sa una gikan 2010 hangtod 2016. Nag-alagad sad siya isip ika-16 nga Bise Mayor sa Dakbayan (2001-2010, 2019-2021) ug Konsehal gikan sa ika-duha (South) District (1992-2001). Kaniadtong Oktubre 2024, gitangtang sa Ombudsman si Rama isip mayor ug permanente nga gi-disqualify sa pagtrabaho sa gobyerno human kini gihatolan nga guilty sa nepotismo ug grave misconduct.<ref name="MR_DQ1">{{cite news|last1=Piquero|first1=Pia|title=Preventively suspended Cebu City Mayor Michael Rama banned from public office|url=https://cebudailynews.inquirer.net/598411/michael-rama-permanently-banned-from-public-office-due-to-nepotism|access-date=31 May 2025 |agency=Cebu Daily News|date=3 Oct 2024}}</ref><ref name="MR_legalTimeline">{{cite news|last=Piquero|first=Pia|title=TIMELINE: From suspension to disqualification – key events in Michael Rama’s legal battles |url=https://cebudailynews.inquirer.net/598653/timeline-from-suspension-to-disqualification-key-events-in-mike-ramas-legal-battles|agency=Cebu Daily News|date=2024-10-05|access-date=2025-06-03}}</ref> Si Rama ika-duha nga gitangtang ug gi-disqualify kaniadtong Enero 3, 2025 tungod sa ilegal nga panghatag ug mga kontrata sa pagkuha sa basura nga wala niagi og tarung sa mga legal nga proseso sa bidding. ==Kabatan-onan ug sayo nga karera== Natawo si Michael Lopez Rama kaniadtong Oktubre 28, 1956 kang Fernando Genson Rama ug Natividad Lopez Rama.<ref name="MR_2022victory">{{cite news |last1=Letigio |first1=Delta Dyrecka |title=Rama promises non-partisan politics |url=https://cebudailynews.inquirer.net/440422/rama-promises-non-partisan-politics-for-fresh-term-as-mayor |access-date=2 Jun 2025 |agency=Cebu Daily News |date=10 May 2022}}</ref> Aduna siya'y 12 ka igsuon, apil na ang kanhing Gobernador ug Kongresista sa Agusan Del Norte nga si Eduardo Rama Sr.<ref name="MR_EduSr">{{cite web |last1=Rama |first1=Eduardo Jr. |title=Remembering my dad today in what would have been his 75th birthday. |url=https://www.facebook.com/EduardoRamaJr/posts/remembering-my-dad-today-in-what-would-have-been-his-75th-birthday-my-father-edu/1154961911273935/ |website=Facebook - Edu Rama |access-date=31 May 2025 |date=26 Nov 2017}}</ref> Kuyog silang nagdako sa Rama Compound sa Barangay Basak San Nicolas, Cebu City.<ref name="MR_family">{{cite news |title=The Legacy of Mike Rama |url=https://zee.ph/the-legacy-of-mike-rama/ |access-date=31 May 2025 |agency=Zee.PH |date=3 Jun 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210623155550/https://zee.ph/the-legacy-of-mike-rama/ |archive-date=23 Jun 2021}}</ref> Migradwar si Rama isip class valedictorian gikan sa Basak Elementary School sa Basak San Nicolas. Niskwela siya sa University of Southern Philippines ug nitiwas og pre-med degree gikan sa Velez College. Nikuha siya og graduate studies sa law sa San Beda College sa [[Manila]], ug nipasar sa bar exam pag 1983.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.cebucity.gov.ph/cityofficials/executive/68-mayors-page?start=2 |title=Mayor Michael L. Rama - Membership, Education & Other Details |access-date=12 Dec 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222095919/http://www.cebucity.gov.ph/cityofficials/executive/68-mayors-page?start=2 |archive-date=22 Dec 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Sa wala pa siya misulod sa pulitika, nagtrabaho sad si Rama isip usa ka human resource manager para sa Cebu Oxygen and Acetylene Company (Coaco).<ref name="MR_PMAP">{{cite news |last=Chua |first=Vince Harlan A. |title=Rama named ‘people’s manager of the year’ |url=https://www.sunstar.com.ph/more-articles/rama-named-peoples-manager-of-the-year |agency=SunStar Cebu |date=22 Sep 2014 |access-date=6 Jun 2025}}</ref> ==Karera sa pulitika== ===Konsehal sa Cebu City (1992-2001)=== Gisugdan ni Rama ang iyang karera sa pulitika pagka lansar niya isip Konsehal gikan sa segundo (South) distrito sa Dakbayan sa Sugbo isip usa ka miyembro sa Bando Osmeña – Pundok Kauswagan (BOPK) ni Mayor [[Tomas Osmeña]], ug nipuli sa iyahang tito nga si Clemente "Cle" G. Rama, usa ka beteranong konsehal.<ref name="MR_CleRama">{{cite news |last1=Gatdula-Arevalo |first1=Donabelle |title=Cebu City Mayor Michael Rama meets with Fil-Am community in Los Angeles |url=https://asianjournal.com/usa/southerncalifornia/cebu-city-mayor-michael-rama-meets-with-la-fil-am-community/ |access-date=2 Jun 2025 |agency=Asian Journal |date=23 Aug 2023}}</ref> Nag-alagad si Rama og tulo ka termino hangtod 2001, diin siya gi-appoint isip chairman sa Area Vocational Rehabilitation Center II Advisory Council.<ref name="MR_family" /> Sa ika-tulo niya nga termino, napili si Rama isip National President sa Philippine Councilors league (PCL).<ref name="MR_LCP">{{cite news |last1=Cordova |first1=Calvin |title=Cebu City Mayor Rama elected League of Cities president |url=https://mb.com.ph/2022/7/22/cebu-city-mayor-rama-elected-league-of-cities-president |access-date=2 Jun 2025 |agency=Manila Bulletin |date=22 Jul 2022}}</ref> ===Bise Mayor (2001-2010)=== Human nihawa si kasamtangang Mayor Alvin Garcia sa BOPK aron magtukod sa iyang kaugalingong partido, ang Kugi Uswag Sugbo (KUSUG), gikuha si Rama ni kanhing Mayor Osmeña isip iyang kapares nga Bise Mayor para sa 2001 Cebu City local elections. Nakadaog ang tandem sa duha ka posisyon, ug napildi ni Rama ang kandidato sa KUSUG nga si kasamtangang Bise Mayor Renato Osmeña.<ref name="CC_2001ER">{{cite web |title=CERTIFIED LIST OF ELECTED CANDIDATES |url=http://www.comelec.gov.ph/results/local_region7.html |website=Commission on Elections |access-date=27 Jan 2020 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20020927233420/http://www.comelec.gov.ph/results/local_region7.html#cebuct |archive-date=27 Sep 2002}}</ref><ref name="CC_2001ER2">{{cite news |title=Cebu City race: Tomas Osmeña proclaimed mayor |url=https://www.philstar.com/nation/2001/05/28/104310/cebu-city-race-tomas-osmea-proclaimed-mayor |agency=Philstar.com |date=2001-05-28 |access-date=2025-06-13}}</ref> Tulo ka termino nag-alagad si Rama isip Bise Mayor, ug nakadaog usab pagka 2004 ug 2007, kauban ni Osmeña isip mayor.<ref name="CC_2004ER">{{cite web |title=2004 City or Municipality Election Result |url=https://data.gov.ph/dataset/2004-city-or-municipality-election-result/resource/1507882d-a7f2-47ca-bd0d-a34d0c572fba |website=data.gov.ph (archived) |access-date=2025-06-03 |archive-date=2019-07-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190712080027/https://data.gov.ph/dataset/2004-city-or-municipality-election-result/resource/1507882d-a7f2-47ca-bd0d-a34d0c572fba |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="CC_2007ER">{{cite news |title=Tomas, BOPK bets proclaimed winners |url=https://www.philstar.com/cebu-news/2007/05/21/1239/tomas-bopk-bets-proclaimed-winners |access-date=25 May 2025 |agency=PhilSTAR |date=21 May 2007}}</ref> Kaniadtong 2007, sa ika-tulo niya nga termino isip Bise Mayor, gipili si Rama isip National Vice President sa Vice Mayors' League of the Philippines (VMLP).<ref>{{cite news |last1=Avila |first1=Bobit |title=Erap or his ego should retire from politics |url=https://www.philstar.com/nation/2008/04/21/57242/erap-or-his-ego-should-retire-politics |access-date=31 May 2025 |agency=PhilSTAR |date=21 Apr 2008}}</ref><ref name="MR_VMLP>{{cite news |url=http://globalnation.inquirer.net/cebudailynews/news/view/20100424-266139/Mike-Ramas-3-Big-Bs-for-Cebu-City |title=Mike Rama's 3 Big B's for Cebu City |agency=[[Cebu Daily News]] |date=24 Apr 2010 |access-date=15 May 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130730175111/http://globalnation.inquirer.net/cebudailynews/news/view/20100424-266139/Mike-Ramas-3-Big-Bs-for-Cebu-City |archive-date=30 Jul 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref>. Gi-appoint sad siya isip chairman sa pipila ka government ug non-government agencies, sama sa zoning board sa ciudad, ang Tourism Commission, Police Coordinating and Advisory Council (PCAC), ug People’s Law Enforcement Board (PLEB).<ref name="MR_family" /> Nagsugod ang mga away ni Rama ug Osmeña, apil na ang pagsaway ni Rama sa pag-dumala ni Osmeña sa 93-1 land swap deal sa dakbayan ug sa [[Cebu|Probinsya sa Sugbo]], ug si Rama giingnan nga "mahigalaaon kaayo" kuno sa kontra ni Osmeña sa pulitika nga si Gobernador sa Sugbo [[Gwendolyn Garcia|Gwen Garcia]] samtang nagserbisyo isip acting mayor sa panahon nga nilarga si Osmeña sa [[United States|Estados Unidos]] para sa pagtambal sa kanser.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Borromeo |first1=Rene U. |title=Osmena to run vs Rama in 2013 |url=https://www.philstar.com/cebu-news/2012/01/28/771750/osmea-run-vs-rama-2013 |access-date=3 Jun 2025 |agency=PhilSTAR |date=8 Jan 2012}}</ref><ref name="MR_VMLP" /> ====Kontrobserisya sa pag-endorso sa 2010==== <!--: ''See also: [[#Drug protector allegations|Drug protector allegations]]' --> Tungod kay si Osmeña ug Rama parehas nga term-limited sa ilang mga posisyon, si Rama ang nigawas nga mopuli isip kandidato sa BOPK para mayor inig ka 2010, samtang si Osmeña modagan isip Kongresista sa South District. Apan nagsugod og kaguba ang alyansa sa duha; pag 2009, giakusahan ni Osmeña si Rama nga usa kuno tini nga tigpanalipod sa bawal nga droga human sa paghilabot kuno ni Rama sa usa ka drug bust kung asa naapil ang iyahang anak. Pagkahuman, gibawi ni Osmeña ang iyang akusasyon.<ref name="MR_VMLP" /><ref name="MR_2010EnCon1">{{cite news |title=Sonny, Georgia advise Tomas: Drop Mike, for legacy's sake |url=https://www.sunstar.com.ph/more-articles/sonny-georgia-advise-tomas-drop-mike-for-legacys-sake |access-date=3 Jun 2025 |agency=SunStar Cebu |date=26 Apr 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250603023226/https://www.sunstar.com.ph/more-articles/sonny-georgia-advise-tomas-drop-mike-for-legacys-sake |archive-date=3 June 2025}}</ref><ref name="MR_2010EnCon2">{{cite news |last1=Acebu |first1=Debbie |title=Rama clan defends Mike from allegations hurled by Tionko |url=https://www.philstar.com/cebu-news/2010/05/01/571075/rama-clan-defends-mike-allegations-hurled-tionko |access-date=3 Jun 2025 |agency=PhilSTAR |date=1 May 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250603002154/https://www.philstar.com/cebu-news/2010/05/01/571075/rama-clan-defends-mike-allegations-hurled-tionko |archive-date=3 Jun 2025}}</ref> Nagmugna og usa ka manifesto ang mga kapitan sa barangay nga mga kaalyado sa BOPK nga naghagit sa pagpili ni Osmeña kang Rama isip kandidato sa pagka-mayor sa BOPK inig ka 2010, ug naghangyo kang Osmeña nga iendorso nalang ang iyang igsuon nga si Georgia Osmeña, nga nidagan sad pagka-mayor. Gisuportaan sad ang manifesto ni kanhing Senador Sonny Osmeña—usa sad nga kandidato sa pagka-mayor ug ang gisalikway nga ig-agaw ni Tomas—ug ni Raymond Alvin Garcia nga napildi ni Rama sa pagka bise mayor kaniadtong 2007.<ref name="MR_2010EnCon1" /> Bisan pa sa kontrobsersiya ug mga karaang tensiyon, si Rama gibarugan gihapon ni Tomas Osmeña ug sa BOPK.<ref name="MR_VMLP" /> Para sa una niya nga kampanya sa pagka-mayor, gigamit ni Rama ang slogan nga "Bayanihan, Barangayan, Boluntarismo." Nakadaot si Rama sa 2010 pinaagi sa 210,520 nga boto, labaw sa 120,327 nga boto ni kanhing Mayor Alvin Garcia, para mahimong ika-26 nga Mayor sa Dakbayan sa Cebu City, ug gipulihan sa iyang kaalyado nga si Joy Young isip bise mayor.<ref name="CC_2010ER">{{cite news |title=BOPK wins landslide in Cebu City |url=https://www.philstar.com/cebu-news/2010/05/13/574523/bopk-wins-landslide-cebu-city |access-date=3 June 2025 |agency=PhilSTAR |date=13 May 2010}}</ref><ref name="CC_2010ER2">{{cite news |url=http://globalnation.inquirer.net/cebudailynews/news/view/20100513-269869/BOPK-shuts-out--Kusug-in-all-city-electoral-races |title=BOPK shuts out Kusug in all city electoral races |last1=Dumaboc |first1=Fe Marie D. |agency=Cebu Daily News |date=13 May 2010 |access-date=15 May 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100516061622/http://globalnation.inquirer.net/cebudailynews/news/view/20100513-269869/BOPK-shuts-out--Kusug-in-all-city-electoral-races |archive-date=16 May 2010}}</ref> <!-- CEBUANO REWRITE ENDS HERE --> ===Mayor (2010–2016)=== : ''See also: [[#Suspensions from office|Suspensions from office]] for Rama's 2015 and 2016 suspensions'' As mayor, Rama also served as head of several organizations, including the Sinulog Foundation, Inc. (SFI), Cultural and Historical Affairs Commission (CHAC), Area Vocational Rehabilitation Center 11 Advisory Council, Coastline Management Board (CMB), and the Adopt a Police Station Project. He was also President of the Young Lawyers Association of Cebu (YLAC) and Vice President of the Philippine Association on Voluntary Arbitration (PAVA).<ref name"MR_BG">{{cite web |title=Mayor Michael L. Rama - Membership, Education and Other Details |url=http://www.cebucity.gov.ph/cityofficials/executive/68-mayors-page?start=2 |website=Cebu City Government |access-date=6 Jun 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222095919/http://www.cebucity.gov.ph/cityofficials/executive/68-mayors-page?start=2 |archive-date=22 Dec 2015 |date=25 Jun 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Rama's first term was marked by a growing political rift with then-Congressman Osmeña over various issues, similar to the previous fallout between Osmeña and former Vice Mayor Garcia. Notable incidents included Rama conducting "loyalty checks" on Osmeña appointees, sidelining BOPK officials in favor of the opposition KUSUG during the mass oathtaking of newly-elected [[Sangguniang Kabataan]] (SK) officials, and legal cases filed against Rama by BOPK allies over his allegedly indiscriminate demolition of houses along Mahiga Creek.<ref name="MR_loyaltychecks">{{cite news |last1=Lao |first1=Garry |title=Rama conducts loyalty checks |url=https://www.philstar.com/cebu-news/2011/05/31/691263/rama-conducts-loyalty-checks |access-date=3 June 2025 |agency=PhilSTAR |date=31 May 2011}}</ref><ref name="MR_leavingBOPK">{{cite news |last1=Pareja |first1=Jessica Ann |title=Rama cuts ties with BOPK |url=https://www.philstar.com/cebu-news/2011/06/03/692242/rama-cuts-ties-bopk |access-date=3 Jun 2025 |agency=PhilSTAR |date=3 Jun 2011}}</ref> On June 2, 2011, Rama announced his departure from BOPK, with which he was affiliated for 13 years, while remaining a member of its national affiliate, the [[Liberal Party (Philippines)|Liberal Party]] (LP). Osmeña responded that BOPK members had become dissatisfied with Rama's way of running the city government.<ref name="MR_leavingBOPK" /> In 2012, Osmeña proposed to fund two new flyovers using [[Philippine peso|PHP]] 400 million (equivalent to [[United States dollar|USD]] 7 million) in congressional funding that he was provided as a [[Department of Public Works and Highways]] (DPWH) allocation for the city's south district, in addition to P75 million he received from the [[Priority Development Assistance Fund]] (PDAF), commonly known as the [[pork barrel]]).<ref name="MR_2012flyovers">{{cite news |last=Mayol |first=Ador Vincent S. |title=Osmeña realigns his flyover budget in favor of south Cebu road widening in 1st district; Gullas 'thankful' to Liberals |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/275924/osmena-realigns-his-flyover-budget-in-favor-of-south-cebu-road-widening-in-1st-district-gullas-thankful-to-liberals |agency=Cebu Daily News |date=23 Sep 2012 |access-date=6 Jun 2025}}</ref> Rama opposed the proposal, stating in a September 4, 2012 letter to President [[Noynoy Aquino|Benigno "Noynoy" Aquino III]] that flyovers were "not the ultimate solution to the traffic congestion" and that nearby businesses would be adversely affected, advocating instead for road widening and opening alternative routes.<ref>{{cite news |last=Delos Angeles |first=Edison A. |title=Rama to P-Noy: Stop two flyover projects |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/52799/rama-to-p-noy-stop-two-flyover-projects |agency=Inquirer.net |date=2011-09-04 |access-date=2025-06-03 |quote=Please be informed that this is not the ultimate solution to the traffic congestion in those areas. Our stand remains that widening or roads and opening of alternative roads are still the best option for the (traffic) problems}}</ref> Osmeña attempted to reallocate the funding to road widening projects in the south district, which was blocked once again by Rama. Eventually, Osmeña redirected the funds to [[Legislative_districts_of_Cebu#1st_District|Cebu 1st district]] Rep. [[Eduardo Gullas|Eduardo "Eddie" Gullas]], to be used on road widening projects from [[Carcar]] to [[Sibonga]], despite a years-long dispute between the two stemming from then-[[Talisay, Cebu|Talisay City]] Mayor Gullas' claims over 50 hectares of the [[South Road Properties]] (SRP).<ref name="MR_2012flyovers" /> Rama subsequently formed his own political party, [[Partido Barug|Team Rama]], together with other BOPK defectors, to challenge Osmeña in the [[2013 Cebu City local elections|2013 elections]]. With incumbent Councilor [[Edgardo Labella]] as his running-mate and vice mayoral candidate, Team Rama filed their certificates of candidacy with the [[Commission on Elections (Philippines)|COMELEC]] on October 5, 2012, now affiliated with the national opposition party [[United Nationalist Alliance]] (UNA) led by [[Vice President of the Philippines|Vice President]] [[Jejomar Binay]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Pareja |first1=Jessica Ann |last2=Campo |first2=Liv |title=The race is on: Team Rama against BOPK |url=https://www.pressreader.com/philippines/the-freeman/20121006/281479273637873 |access-date=3 Jun 2025 |agency=The Freeman |date=6 Oct 2012}}</ref> The Rama-Labella tandem defeated Osmeña's mayoral comeback bid and unseated incumbent Vice Mayor Young, with Rama winning 217,448 votes to Osmeña's 211,072 votes, breaking BOPK's long-held electoral dominance.<ref name="CC_2013ER">{{Cite news|url=http://election-results.rappler.com/2013/region-7/cebu/cebu-city|title=2013 ELECTION RESULTS: CEBU CITY, CEBU {{!}} Rappler|website=election-results.rappler.com|access-date=2025-06-03}}</ref><ref name="CC_2013ER2">{{cite news |title=Rama proclaimed Cebu City mayor |url=https://www.rappler.com/nation/politics/elections-2013/29226-rama-proclaimed-cebu-mayor |access-date=21 Dec 2019 |agency=Rappler |date=14 May 2013}}</ref> ====Second term (2013–2016)==== : ''See also: [[#Electoral protests|Electoral protests]]'' Rama's political rivalry with Osmeña continued throughout his second term. In 2014, Osmeña criticized Rama for taking on roles outside the typical duties of a mayor, such as acting as firefighter, police officer, and disaster reporter.<ref>[https://www.sunstar.com.ph/more-articles/seares-mike-rama-costumes-mar-roxas-masks|title=Seares: Mike Rama costumes, Mar Roxas masks; ''SunstarCebu''.]</ref> In 2015, Osmeña again criticized Rama regarding the SRP—a landmark project by Osmeña in the 1990s—accusing Rama of mismanaging government funds by selling valuable SRP lots for immediate funds instead of allowing the city to benefit from their long-term revenue. Osmeña also highlighted what he described as the depletion of city funds under Rama, contrasting it with the surplus of PHP 2.4 billion (USD 43.13 million) he left at the end of his term in 2010.<ref>{{cite news |title=Tomas accuses Mayor Rama of bankrupting Cebu City; De los Reyes claims Gullas asked UV students to register in Talisay |url=https://mycebu.ph/article/tomas-osmena-mike-rama-srp-issue/ |website=MyCebu.ph |date=13 Aug 2015 |access-date=3 Jun 2025}}</ref> In November 2015, Osmeña sued Rama and 19 other city officials and employees before the Ombudsman for [[Graft (politics)|graft]] and [[Government Procurement Reform Act|procurement violations]] over the reconstruction of [[Carbon Market]] Unit 2. Osmeña alleged [[collusion]] between officials and bidders to award the PHP 167 million (USD 3 million) project to Geety Realty and Development Corp. (GRDC), which was purportedly unqualified to handle government projects exceeding PHP 100 million (USD 1.8 million). The complaint also claimed that the city was billed before the project's commencement, in violation of the [[Philippine_legal_codes#Local_Government_Code|Local Government Code]]'s (R.A. 7160) prohibition on advance payments, and that GRDC falsified tax permits.<ref>{{cite news |title=Tomas sues Mike over Carbon Market Unit 2 |url=https://www.philstar.com/the-freeman/cebu-news/2015/11/22/1525011/tomas-sues-mike-over-carbon-market-unit-2 |agency=The Freeman |date=22 Nov 2015 |access-date=6 Jun 2025}}</ref> On July 30, 2018, the Office of the Ombudsman resolved to file cases against Rama and seven others; however, this was subsequently reversed by Ombudsman [[Samuel Martires]], who dismissed the case for lack of merit on November 8, 2021.<ref>{{cite news |last=Cerojano |first=Philip A. |title=Mike wins over Tom as Ombud dismisses Carbon Unit 2 case |url=https://www.sunstar.com.ph/cebu/local-news/mike-wins-over-tom-as-ombud-dismisses-carbon-unit-2-case |agency=SunStar Cebu |date=16 Mar 2022 |access-date=6 Jun 2025}}</ref> Rama sought a third and final consecutive term in the [[2016 Cebu City local elections|2016 elections]], filing his certificate of candidacy with his running mate Labella and other Team Rama's candidates on October 16, 2015.<ref>{{cite news |last=Napallacan |first=Jhunnex |title=Supporters show up for Team Rama’s COC filing in Cebu |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/731655/supporters-show-up-for-team-ramas-coc-filing-in-cebu |agency=Inquirer.net |date=10 Jul 2022 |access-date=9 Jun 2025}}</ref> While Rama's allies won a majority of city council seats and Labella secured a second term as vice mayor, Rama lost the mayoral race to Osmeña by 33,894 votes.<ref name="CC_2016ER">{{cite news |title=Halalan 2016 - Partial and Unofficial Results |url=https://2016halalanresults.abs-cbn.com/local/9/26/470/cebu-city.html |agency=ABS-CBN News |access-date=25 May 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Osmeña takes back Cebu City |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/regions/565723/osmena-takes-back-cebu-city/story/ |agency=GMA News Online |date=2016-05-10 |access-date=2025-06-09}}</ref> Rama refused to accept his loss, alleging [[electoral fraud]] and filing an election protest against Osmeña on May 22.<ref name="MR_2016loss">{{cite news |last=Bunachita |first=Jose Santino S. |title=Rama files election protest against Osmeña |url=https://cebudailynews.inquirer.net/94174/rama-files-election-protest-against-osmena |agency=Cebu Daily News |date=22 May 2016 |access-date=6 Jun 2025}}</ref> The COMELEC granted a manual recount of 20 percent of the votes, which failed to overturn the results.<ref name="MR_2016loss2">{{cite news |last=Bunachita |first=Jose Santino S. |title=COMELEC ORDERS A RECOUNT |url=https://cebudailynews.inquirer.net/114817/comelec-orders-recount |agency=Cebu Daily News |date=4 Dec 2016 |access-date=6 Jun 2025}}</ref><ref name="MR_2016loss3">{{cite news |last=Bunachita |first=Jose Santino S. |title=Comelec to examine list in 168 precincts |url=https://cebudailynews.inquirer.net/152334/comelec-examine-list-168-precincts |agency=Cebu Daily News |date=27 Oct 2017 |access-date=6 Jun 2025}}</ref> ===Hiatus from office (2016–2019)=== : ''See also: [[#Drug protector allegations|Drug protector allegations]], [[Rodrigo Duterte's August 7, 2016, speech]]'' On August 6, 2016, President [[Rodrigo Duterte]] named Rama a protector of [[drug lord|drug lords]].<ref name="MR_2016drugs">{{cite news |title=Rama, other officials in PH named 'drug protectors' |url=https://www.sunstar.com.ph/more-articles/rama-other-officials-in-ph-named-drug-protectors |agency=SunStar Cebu |date=2016-08-08 |access-date=2025-06-09}}</ref> Duterte repeated the accusation in 2017. Rama denied the allegations on several occasions, stating that Duterte had been misinformed.<ref name="MR_2017drugs">{{cite news |title=Rama named anew as ‘drug protector’ |url=https://www.philstar.com/the-freeman/cebu-news/2017/02/26/1674992/rama-named-anew-drug-protector |agency=The Freeman |date=2017-02-26 |access-date=2025-06-09}}</ref><ref name="MR_2018drugs">{{cite news |last=Padayhag |first=Michelle Joy L. |title=Investigate US Cebu politicians tagged by Duterte as illegal drug protectors |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/974968/investigate-us-cebu-politicians-tagged-by-duterte-as-illegal-drug-protectors |agency=Inquirer.net |date=2018-04-18 |access-date=2025-06-09}}</ref> Rama was later removed from Duterte’s narco-list in 2019.<ref name="MR_2019drugs">{{cite news |last=Letigio |first=Delta Dyrecka |title=Out of narcolist, former Cebu City Mayor Mike Rama says: 'God is good' |url=https://cebudailynews.inquirer.net/222431/out-of-narcolist-former-cebu-city-mayor-mike-rama-god-is-good |agency=Cebu Daily News |date=2019-03-15 |access-date=2025-06-09}}</ref> A majority of Team Rama's officials [[Party_switching#Philippines|switched political parties]] from UNA to [[Partido Demokratiko Pilipino|PDP-Laban]], the new ruling party led by Duterte, on August 27, 2016. Rama was not included in the induction of new members due to his then-inclusion on Duterte's narco-list, with then-[[Speaker of the House of Representatives of the Philippines|House Speaker]] and PDP-Laban Secretary General [[Pantaleon Alvarez]] commenting that "the crime of one [is] not the fault [of] all."<ref>{{cite news |title=300 Cebu officials join PDP‑Laban |url=https://www.rappler.com/philippines/144477-300-cebu-officials-join-pdp-laban/ |agency=Rappler |date=2016-08-27 |access-date=2025-06-09}}</ref> The rivalry between Rama and Osmeña persisted, with Osmeña referring to Team Rama—later renamed Barug Team Rama—as "Team Suyop" (''lit.'' "Team Inhale", referencing Rama's drug allegations) and "Team Babag" ("Team Obstructionist").<ref name="MR_2019drugs" /><ref>{{cite news |last=Erram |first=Morexette Marie |title=Osmeña lashes at Labella on FB |url=https://cebudailynews.inquirer.net/174836/osmena-lashes-labella-fb |agency=Cebu Daily News |date=2018-05-13 |access-date=2025-06-06}}</ref> In response, Barug city councilor Joy Pesquera filed a [[Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012|cyber-libel]] case against Osmeña over the "Team Suyop" label on May 13, 2018.<ref>{{cite news |last=Letigio |first=Delta Dyrecka C. |title=Pesquera files cyberlibel case against Osmeña |url=https://cebudailynews.inquirer.net/220144/pesquera-files-cyberlibel-case-against-osmena |agency=Cebu Daily News |date=2019-03-04 |access-date=2025-06-06}}</ref> In November 2017, Team Rama rebranded as "Barug PDP-Laban" ahead of the [[2019 Cebu City local elections|2019 elections]]. Party members announced the new name publicly but acknowledged the renaming occurred without Rama’s approval, as he was still excluded from PDP-Laban. Rama questioned the decision.<ref>{{cite news |title=Editorial: Political burden |url=https://www.philstar.com/the-freeman/opinion/2017/11/18/1760311/editorial-political-burden |agency=The Freeman |date=2017-11-18 |access-date=2025-06-06}}</ref> On October 17, 2018, Barug members filed their candidacies for the 2019 elections. Vice Mayor Edgardo Labella, term-limited in his position, ran for mayor, while Rama ran for vice mayor.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Galarpe |first1=Luel |title=Cebu City opposition bets file COCs |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1051338 |access-date=2025-06-09 |agency=Philippine News Agency |date=2018-10-17}}</ref> Barug won the May 13 elections decisively, with Labella unseating Osmeña, Rama returning as vice mayor for a fourth term, and Barug securing a council majority with nine of sixteen seats.<ref name="CC_2019ER">{{cite news |title=Cebu City - Cebu - City/Municipality Results - Eleksyon 2019 - GMA News Online |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/eleksyon2019/results/local/REGION+VII/CEBU/CEBU+CITY/?tfb_a |access-date=2025-05-25 |agency=GMA News |date=2019-05-13}}</ref> Observers attributed Barug’s electoral success partly to a high level of involvement by President Duterte in favor of Barug and Labella, which included sustained attacks on Osmeña and BOPK.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Seares |first1=Pachico |title=Seares: Duterte risks political capital in Cebu City election for mayor |url=https://www.sunstar.com.ph/cebu/opinion/seares-duterte-risks-political-capital-in-cebu-city-election-for-mayor |access-date=27 May 2025 |agency=SunStar Cebu |date=9 May 2019 |quote=Presidents usually stay off local politics but in this midterm election, Duterte has waded in, mostly to secure the support of politicians in provinces and cities for his candidates for senators.}}</ref> The winning candidates were proclaimed over two-day period following election night, with the delay due to technical issues.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://cebudailynews.inquirer.net/234167/midnight-proclamation-for-cebu-citys-south-district-election-winners |title=Midnight proclamation for Cebu City's south district election winners |agency=Cebu Daily News | date=2019-05-15 |access-date=2019-05-26}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1069807|title=Labella proclaimed Cebu City mayor|last=Galarpe|first=Luel|date=2019-05-14|agency=Philippine News Agency |access-date=2019-05-26}}</ref> ===Vice Mayor and stints as Acting Mayor (2019–2021)=== In 2019, speculation arose about a possible reconciliation and a potential [[2022 Cebu City local elections|2022]] team-up between Rama and Osmeña, after both aligned on several issues—most notably, their opposition to proposed changes to the [[Cebu Bus Rapid Transit System]] (CBRT) system and concerns over the alleged undue influence of Presidential Assistant for the Visayas Michael Dino on Mayor Labella.<ref>{{cite news |title=Bzzzzz: This early, the talk is about Tomas-Mike alliance vs Edgar in 2022 |url=https://www.sunstar.com.ph/cebu/bzzzzz/bzzzzz-this-early-the-talk-is-about-tomas-mike-alliance-vs-edgar-in-2022 |agency=SunStar |date=2020-02-11 |access-date=2025-06-03}}</ref> Rama dispelled the rumors in a December 13, 2019 interview, publicly reaffirming his opposition to Osmeña just four days after the latter filed a graft case against him over the 2015 sale of a 45-hectare South Road Properties (SRP) lot.<ref>{{cite news |title=Rama: Osmeña is my opponent |url=https://cebudailynews.inquirer.net/274994/rama-osmena-is-my-opponent |agency=Cebu Daily News |date=2020-08-27 |access-date=2025-06-03}}</ref> Further tensions arose between Rama and Labella, with Rama criticizing Labella's management of the city and handling of the [[COVID-19 pandemic in Central Visayas|COVID-19 pandemic response]]. In April 2020, Rama accused Labella of disregarding the city council's part in policymaking and attempting to run the city by executive order. Rama also questioned at least seven of Labella's executive orders, citing alleged neglect by the executive branch as a major contributor to the spread of the virus in Cebu City.<ref>{{cite news |title=Rama unhappy with Labella’s handling of COVID-19 crisis, disregard of legislative dept |url=https://cebudailynews.inquirer.net/304467/rama-unhappy-with-labellas-handling-of-covid-19-crisis-disregard-of-legislative-dept |agency=Cebu Daily News |date=2021-02-02 |access-date=2025-06-03}}</ref> Throughout the pandemic, Rama continued to criticize Labella's leadership, with little personal communication between the two despite both publicly maintaining that they remained friends and political allies. Rama accused Labella of not being visible and active enough in the city's pandemic response, of being absent amidst a spike of cases in the city, and of concealing his own state of health during his medical leaves.<ref name="MR_COVIDczar">{{cite news |title=Labella names Rama COVID-19 vaccine czar; VM says ‘no thanks’ |url=https://www.sunstar.com.ph/cebu/local-news/labella-names-rama-covid-19-vaccine-czar-vm-says-no-thanks |agency=SunStar |date=2021-02-04 |access-date=2025-06-03}}</ref> In response, Labella accused Rama of playing politics—an allegation Rama denied.<ref>{{cite news |title=Rama denies playing politics with Labella |url=https://www.philstar.com/the-freeman/cebu-news/2021/02/08/2076180/rama-denies-playing-politics-labella |agency=The Freeman |date=2021-02-08 |access-date=2025-06-03}}</ref> On February 10, 2021, Labella appointed Rama as the city’s vaccine czar and chairman of the vaccination board; Rama, however, declined the title and instead referred to himself as the board’s "convenor."<ref name="MR_COVIDczar" /> Labella's health condition deteriorated throughout 2021, causing him to go on [[sick leave|medical leave]] a total of seven times, during which Rama served as [[Acting (law)|acting mayor]]: * January 20 to 22, after being hospitalized for near-fatal [[sepsis]] (blood infection) resulting from an ear infection<ref name="EL_MLNov2021">{{cite news |title=After cancer, sepsis, Mayor Labella in hospital again but won't resign |url=https://www.sunstar.com.ph/cebu/local-news/after-cancer-sepsis-mayor-labella-in-hospital-again-but-wont-resign |agency=SunStar |date=2021-11-02 |access-date=2025-06-10}}</ref> * February 8 to 10, while recovering from his previous ear infection<ref name="EL_MLFeb2021">{{cite news |title=Cebu City mayor Labella hospitalized again due to persistent cough |url=https://www.rappler.com/philippines/cebu-city-mayor-labella-hospitalized-again-persistent-cough/ |work=Rappler |publisher=Rappler Inc. |date=2021-07-14 |access-date=2025-06-12}}</ref> * May 31 to June 13, due to mild [[pneumonia]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Labella files medical leave again |url=https://cebudailynews.inquirer.net/380209/labella-files-medical-leave-again |agency=Cebu Daily News |date=2021-05-31 |access-date=2025-06-10}}</ref> * June 9, for around 3 weeks afterward, due to sepsis<ref>{{cite news |last=Mary Ruth R. Malinao |title=Labella on 3‑week leave, reveals having sepsis |url=https://www.philstar.com/the-freeman/cebu-news/2021/06/09/2104168/labella-3-week-leave-reveals-having-sepsis |agency=The Freeman |date=2021-06-09 |access-date=2025-06-12}}</ref> * July 14 to August 10, due to persistent cough, pneumonia, and a mild [[stroke]]<ref name="EL_MLNov2021" /> * September 2 to 7, for undisclosed reasons<ref>{{cite news |title=Rama is acting mayor of Cebu City again |url=https://cebudailynews.inquirer.net/397811/rama-is-acting-mayor-of-cebu-city-again |agency=Cebu Daily News |date=2021-09-01 |access-date=2025-06-10}}</ref> * September 20 to October 8, extended to indefinite leave due to health complications<ref>{{cite news |title=Labella’s leave may be extended – Casas |url=https://cebudailynews.inquirer.net/404465/labellas-leave-may-be-extended-casas |agency=Cebu Daily News |date=2021-10-08 |access-date=2025-06-10}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Labella now on indefinite leave |url=https://cebudailynews.inquirer.net/404882/labella-now-on-indefinite-leave |agency=Cebu Daily News |date=2021-10-12 |access-date=2025-06-10}}</ref> In July 2024, the city council questioned Rama's authority to preside over council meetings while serving as acting mayor, as first-ranked Councilor [[Dondon Hontiveros]] should have been acting vice mayor—and thus the council's presiding officer—while Rama was acting mayor. Rama responded that he did not receive formal communications from Labella's office regarding the latter's medical leaves.<ref name="EL_MLFeb2021" /> On November 19, 2021, Labella died of sepsis resulting from pneumonia, with his most recent hospital stay lasting 23 days.<ref name="EL_deathRplr">{{cite news |last=Macasero |first=Ryan |title=Cebu City Mayor Edgar Labella dies at 70 |url=https://www.rappler.com/philippines/cebu-city-mayor-edgar-labella-dies-november-19-2021/ |agency=Rappler |date=19 Nov 2021 |access-date=3 Jun 2025}}</ref> Rama assumed the office of mayor the following day, November 20, with Hontiveros succeeding him as vice mayor, both taking their oath of office before [[Court of Appeals of the Philippines|Court of Appeals]] Associate Justice Gabriel Ingles.<ref>{{cite news |date=20 Nov 2021 |title=Michael Rama takes oath as Cebu City mayor, Dondon Hontiveros as vice |url=https://cnnphilippines.com/regional/2021/11/20/Michael-Rama-Dondon-Hontiveros-oathtaking.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211120072035/https://cnnphilippines.com/regional/2021/11/20/Michael-Rama-Dondon-Hontiveros-oathtaking.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=20 Nov 2021 |access-date=20 Nov 2021 |agency=CNN Philippines}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=LOOK: Rama takes oath as new Cebu City mayor |url=https://www.abs-cbn.com/news/11/20/21/rama-takes-oath-as-new-cebu-city-mayor |agency=ABS-CBN News |date=20 Nov 2021 |access-date=3 Jun 2025}}</ref> ===Return as Mayor (2021–2024)=== [[File:PBBM leads the groundbreaking of the Cebu Bus Rapid Transit (CBRT) Project – Package 1 001.jpg|thumb|Rama in 2023 (seated, rightmost) with President [[Bongbong Marcos]], House Speaker [[Martin Romualdez]], Cebu Gov. [[Gwen Garcia]], Cebu City Reps. [[Rachel del Mar|Cutie del Mar]] and Edu Rama, and other national and local officials.]] Rama, now a member of PDP-Laban, filed his candidacy for mayor in the [[2022 Cebu City local elections|May 9, 2022 elections]] on October 9, 2021, with majority floor leader and city councilor Raymond Alvin Garcia as his running mate. They led a coalition between Rama's Barug PDP-Laban, Garcia's KUSUG, and the newly-revived [[Partido Panaghiusa]] under longtime campaign manager and former city councilor Jose "Joey" Daluz III.<ref name="MR_2022COC">{{cite news |last1=Sitchon |first1=John |title=Mike Rama files candidacy for Cebu City mayor |url=https://www.rappler.com/philippines/elections/mike-rama-files-certificate-candidacy-mayor-cebu-city-2022/ |access-date=28 May 2025 |agency=Rappler |date=8 Oct 2021}}</ref> The Rama-Garcia tandem, which endorsed the [[UniTeam]] led by presidential candidate [[Bongbong Marcos]] and vice-presidential candidate [[Sara Duterte]], was also endorsed by outgoing President Rodrigo Duterte on April 2, 2022.<ref>{{cite news |title=Duterte endorses Rama-Garcia tandem |url=https://www.sunstar.com.ph/cebu/local-news/duterte-endorses-rama-garcia-tandem |access-date=28 May 2025 |agency=SunStar Cebu |date=2 Apr 2022}}</ref> Rama defeated two city councilors to win a full term as mayor, winning 226,328 votes over BOPK candidate [[Margot Osmeña]]'s 190,836 votes and independent candidate Dave Tumulak's 132,510 votes.<ref name="CC_2022ER">{{cite news |title=Cebu City - Cebu - Eleksyon 2022 - GMA News Online |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/eleksyon2022/results/local/REGION+VII/CEBU/CITY+OF+CEBU/ |access-date=22 May 2025 |date=9 May 2022}}</ref><ref name="CC_2022ER2">{{cite news |last1=Letigio |first1=Delta Dyrecka |title=Rama-Garcia, Barug-PDP Laban win majority in Cebu City |url=https://cebudailynews.inquirer.net/440283/rama-garcia-barug-pdp-laban-win-majority-in-cebu-city |access-date=28 May 2025 |agency=Cebu Daily News |date=10 May 2022}}</ref> On July 21, 2022, Rama was elected National President of the [[League of Cities of the Philippines]] (LCP), the official organization of all the country's city mayors.<ref name="MR_LCP" /> He was subsequently removed from his post by the LCP National Executive Board on July 19, 2024 following his May 7 suspension from office, succeeded by LCP Executive Vice President and [[Mayor of Quezon City|Quezon City Mayor]] [[Joy Belmonte]]. Rama initially questioned the legitimacy of the move, though he eventually relented and expressed his confidence in Belmonte.<ref>{{cite news |last=Padronia |first=Earl Kim H. |title=Mike Rama out as LCP president |url=https://www.sunstar.com.ph/cebu/mike-rama-out-as-lcp-president |agency=SunStar Cebu |date=24 Jul 2024 |access-date=3 Jun 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Padronia |first=Earl Kim H. |title=Rama respects decision to temporarily replace him as nat’l president |url=https://www.sunstar.com.ph/cebu/rama-respects-decision-to-temporarily-replace-him-as-natl-president |agency=SunStar Cebu |date=27 Jul 2024 |access-date=3 Jun 2025}}</ref> Rama tested positive for COVID-19 on August 2, 2022. He attributed his asymptomatic status to being [[COVID-19 vaccination in the Philippines|fully vaccinated with booster shots]], encouraging others to get vaccinated as well.<ref>{{cite news |title=Cebu Mayor Michael Rama tests positive for COVID-19 |url=https://www.abs-cbn.com/news/08/03/22/cebu-mayor-michael-rama-tests-positive-for-covid |agency=ABS-CBN News |date=2022-08-03 |access-date=2025-06-09}}</ref> On September 29, 2022, Rama was elected PDP-Laban Vice President for the Visayas during the party's 40th anniversary and general assembly held in [[Pasay City]], having already been president of its Cebu City chapter.<ref>{{cite news |title=Mike Rama now PDP-Laban's VP for the Visayas |url=https://cebudailynews.inquirer.net/466779/mike-rama-now-pdp-labans-vp-for-the-visayas |agency=Cebu Daily News |date=10 Oct 2023 |access-date=6 Jun 2025}}</ref> On November 9, 2022, Rama denied allegations by residents of Lot 937 in Sitio San Miguel, Barangay Apas that the city government did not help them after property developer Century Horizons, represented by then-former Congressman [[Edgar Erice]], [[Land_grabbing#Displacement|demolished 167 households]] to make way for a property development. Rama said that that he was addressing the residents' requests for help, but declined to disclose what action he was taking.<ref>{{cite news |title=Rama to Lot 937 residents: “The city government will be a part of the solution, but according to the law” |url=https://cebudailynews.inquirer.net/473885/rama-to-lot-937-residents-the-city-government-will-be-a-part-of-the-solution-but-according-to-the-law |agency=Cebu Daily News |date=2022-11-09 |access-date=2025-06-21}}</ref> Many of the displaced residents were eventually relocated in 2024, with the Cebu provincial government (under Governors [[Junjun Davide]] and Gwen Garcia) providing relocation sites and financial assistance.<ref>{{cite news |title=Lot 937 occupants to move to Capitol lot in Apas |url=https://www.sunstar.com.ph/cebu/lot-937-occupants-to-move-to-capitol-lot-in-apas |agency=SunStar Cebu |date=2024-01-17 |access-date=2025-06-21}}</ref> Former mayor Tomas Osmeña once again publicly criticized Rama during an October 21, 2023 press conference, stating he would support anyone who ran against Rama in 2025—even saying he would "rather vote for [his] dog" than for Rama. Osmeña cited the PHP 3 billion (USD 54 million) spent on the still-incomplete and allegedly overpriced [[Cebu City Medical Center]] (CCMC), comparing it to the PHP 6 billion (USD 108 million) he had spent to complete the South Road Properties (SRP) project during his own tenure. He further claimed that the city suffered a long-term revenue loss after Rama sold 50 hectares of SRP land to [[Ayala Corporation]] and [[SM Supermalls]], allegedly losing PHP 6 billion in projected earnings per hectare. Osmeña also accused Rama of favoring the two corporations by reducing the Cebu Bus Rapid Transit System (CBRT) route from 25 kilometers (Bulacao to Talamban) to just 12 kilometers ([[SM Seaside City|SM Seaside]] to [[Ayala Center Cebu|Ayala Center]]), arguing the shortened route would benefit the supermalls at the expense of city commuters. Rama declined to comment on Osmeña's criticisms.<ref>{{cite news |title=Tomas hits Rama |url=https://www.philstar.com/the-freeman/cebu-news/2023/10/22/2305694/tomas-hits-rama |agency=The Freeman |date=22 Oct 2023 |access-date=6 Jun 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Tomas Osmeña vs. Mike Rama: The long-running political rivalry |url=https://mycebu.ph/article/tomas-osmena-mike-rama/ |website=MyCebu.ph |date=10 Aug 2023 |access-date=6 Jun 2025}}</ref> In March 2024, Rama filed an administrative complaint before the [[Office of the President of the Philippines]] (OP) against Cebu Governor Gwen Garcia, after the latter stopped the construction of a CBRT station in front of the [[Cebu Provincial Capitol]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Larisma |first=Arkeen |title=Rama files admin case vs Garcia |url=https://www.sunstar.com.ph/cebu/rama-files-admin-case-vs-garcia |agency=SunStar Cebu |date=22 Mar 2024 |access-date=6 Jun 2025}}</ref> Rama alleged that Garcia committed [[abuse of power]] by interfering with a national infrastructure project under the [[Department of Transportation (Philippines)|Department of Transportation]] (DOTr), while Garcia responded that she was protecting the cultural and historical integrity of the Capitol, a historical landmark. This resulted in Garcia resigning from PDP-Laban on May 28, citing "irreconcilable conflict" and Rama's position as PDP-Laban's Vice President for Visayas.<ref>{{cite news |title=Gwen Garcia resigns from PDP‑Laban |url=https://www.sunstar.com.ph/cebu/gwen-garcia-resigns-from-pdp-laban |agency=SunStar Cebu |date=2024-05-28 |access-date=2025-06-12}}</ref> On October 30, the OP dismissed Rama's complaint, citing insufficient evidence.<ref>{{cite news |title=Rama's complaint vs Gwen junked |url=https://www.philstar.com/the-freeman/cebu-news/2024/10/31/2396605/ramas-complaint-vs-gwen-junked |agency=The Freeman |date=31 Oct 2024 |access-date=6 Jun 2025}}</ref> After Rama demolished two of the city's ten [[Pedestrian separation structure|pedestrian overpasses]] in March 2024 and replace them with [[Subway (crossing)|pedestrian underpasses]], Osmeña accused Rama of incompetence, as the overpasses' demolition left the affected areas without an accessible [[pedestrian crossing]]. Osmeña highlighted that Rama previously opposed the overpasses' construction sponsored by the late Rep. [[Raul del Mar]] in favor of flared intersections with [[Intersection (road)|at-grade]] crossings, only to still not have built the first one five years later, with underpasses taking even longer to complete.<ref>{{cite news |last=Piquero |first=Pia |title=Osmeña criticizes Rama for removing all Cebu City skywalks |url=https://cebudailynews.inquirer.net/562331/osmena-criticizes-rama-for-removing-all-cebu-city-skywalks |agency=Cebu Daily News |date=16 Mar 2024 |access-date=6 Jun 2025}}</ref> Rama responded that the overpasses had become outdated and inaccessible to [[Disability|persons with disabilities]] (PWDs) with limited mobility, as well as serving as sleeping quarters for [[begging|beggars]] and dumping grounds for [[feces|human waste]].<ref name="MR_SGlike1">{{cite news |title=Rama: Singapore-like Cebu City with Melbourne features, Taiwan training |url=https://cebudailynews.inquirer.net/562905/rama-singapore-like-cebu-city-with-melbourne-features-taiwan-training |agency=Cebu Daily News |date=17 Mar 2024 |access-date=6 Jun 2025}}</ref> On April 11, 2024, Rama cancelled an April 2 order to relocate the Cebu City Office of Senior Citizens Affairs (OSCA), following a request from Councilor Jun Alcover. Rama said that he would investigate how he signed the memo (on the request of the City Treasurer's Office), citing the large amount of papers he had to sign daily as mayor. Rama's decision to cancel the move was praised by Alcover and OSCA Head Homer Cabaral.<ref>{{cite news |title=Rama cancels move order, OSCA to remain in same location |url=https://cebudailynews.inquirer.net/567883/rama-cancels-move-order-osca-to-remain-in-same-location |agency=Cebu Daily News |date=2024-10-16 |access-date=2025-06-20}}</ref> On April 20, 2024, Rama ordered a fact-finding investigation after Alcover accused City Agriculture Department (CAD) Head Joelito Baclayon of negligence. Alcover, in an April 4 privilege speech, accused Baclayon of failing to prepare for El Niño and underutilizing CAD's budget from the previous year.<ref name="MR_CAD">{{cite news |title=Rama orders probe of Baclayon days after defending CAD chief |url=https://cebudailynews.inquirer.net/568948/rama-orders-probe-of-baclayon-days-after-defending-cad-chief |agency=Cebu Daily News |date=2024-10-18 |access-date=2025-06-20}}</ref> Baclayon questioned Alcover's allegations, saying the CAD did not receive a complaint from any of the city's farmers; Alcover responded by calling Baclayon a liar, showing the media pictures of farmers' crops destroyed by the El Niño droughts.<ref>{{cite news |title=Alcover calls Baclayon, Cebu City agriculture chief, a ‘liar’ |url=https://cebudailynews.inquirer.net/568220/alcover-calls-baclayon-cebu-city-agriculture-chief-a-liar |agency=Cebu Daily News |date=2024-10-17 |access-date=2025-06-20}}</ref> Rama initially threw his support behind Baclayon, but eventually said an investigation would be fair to Alcover while allowing Baclayon to defend himself.<ref name="MR_CAD" /> Following Rama's May 8 suspension, Alcover called anew for Baclayon's removal on June 14, saying Rama did not heed his advice and asking Acting Mayor Raymond Alvin Garcia to replace Baclayon.<ref>{{cite news |title=Alcover calls for City Agri head’s resignation anew |url=https://www.sunstar.com.ph/cebu/alcover-calls-for-city-agri-heads-resignation-anew |agency=SunStar Cebu |date=2024-06-15 |access-date=2025-06-21}}</ref> Garcia eventually replaced Baclayon as City Agriculturalist in late 2024.<ref>{{cite news |agency=DYHP RMN Cebu 612 |title=Nanamilit nang daan si Cebu City Agriculturist Joelito Baclayon sa iyang mga sakop |url=https://www.facebook.com/dyhprmncebu612/posts/pfbid02GpWZ3CJbBeu8AcHcVxCReUZYTU7CDAB7Sy8qq9YrXYAr9i4mAEGeGPEgGUc7ederl |website=Facebook - DYHP RMN CEBU |access-date=21 June 2025 |date=26 Sep 2024}}</ref> ====''Singapore-like'' vision==== During his inaugural address on June 30, 2022, Mayor Michael Rama announced his vision for a “[[Singapore]]-like Cebu City,” inspired by a recent trip to Singapore and centered on mass transit, sustainability, infrastructure, housing, and digitalization projects.<ref>{{cite news |title=Rama envisions a Singapore-like Cebu City |url=https://cebudailynews.inquirer.net/450493/rama-envisions-a-singapore-like-cebu-city |agency=Cebu Daily News |date=2022-06-30 |access-date=2025-06-12}}</ref> On February 13, 2023, Rama unveiled a replica of Singapore’s [[Merlion]] in Carbon Market, the city’s largest public market, which received mixed reactions.<ref>{{cite news |title=What Cebuanos think of the Merlion’s replica as a symbol of Cebu City’s Singapore‑like dream |url=https://cebudailynews.inquirer.net/490775/what-cebuanos-think-of-the-merlions-replica-as-a-symbol-of-cebu-citys-singapore-like-dream |agency=Cebu Daily News |date=2023-02-26 |access-date=2025-06-12}}</ref> The "Singapore-like" vision drew criticism for allegedly lacking clear and specific targets, prioritizing large-scale projects despite limited city cash reserves, and being overly ambitious at the expense of day-to-day governance and basic service delivery.<ref>{{cite news |title=Explainer: Mayor Mike Rama wants Cebu City to become 'Singapore‑like' |url=https://www.sunstar.com.ph/article/1937375/cebu/local-news/explainer-mayor-mike-rama-wants-cebu-city-to-become-singapore-like |agency=SunStar Cebu |date=2022-08-09 |access-date=2025-06-12}}</ref> Following official visits to [[Melbourne]] in December 2023 and [[Taiwan]] in March 2024, Rama expanded the slogan to “Singapore-like Cebu City with Melbourne features and Taiwan training.”<ref name="MR_SGlike1" /><ref>{{cite news |title=EDITORIAL - First Singapore, now Melbourne too? |url=https://www.philstar.com/the-freeman/opinion/2023/12/22/2320657/editorial-first-singapore-now-melbourne-too |agency=The Freeman |date=2023-12-22 |access-date=2025-06-12}}</ref> The revised slogan was met with further criticism; editorials in local newspapers described the plans as overambitious and impractical, arguing that Cebu City should focus on becoming the best version of itself rather than emulating other cities.<ref name="MR_SGlike2">{{cite news |title=EDITORIAL — A too-far-off dream |url=https://www.philstar.com/the-freeman/opinion/2024/10/11/2391737/editorial-too-far-dream |agency=The Freeman |date=2024-10-11 |access-date=2025-06-12}}</ref> Cebu Governor Gwen Garcia also publicly criticized the slogan.<ref name="MR_SGlikeEnd">{{cite news |title=Cebu City mayor junks Rama's 'Singapore-like' slogan |url=https://mb.com.ph/2024/10/9/cebu-city-mayor-junks-rama-s-singapore-like-slogan |agency=Manila Bulletin |date=9 Oct 2024 |access-date=6 Jun 2025}}</ref> News media also noted growing public mockery of the branding, with terms such as “Singa''pool''-like Cebu” circulating during floods and “Singa''poor''-like Cebu” in the context of garbage collection issues. The slogan was widely panned online as out of touch with the city's real needs.<ref name="MR_SGlike2" /><ref>{{cite web |title=What’s up with Mayor Rama’s obsession with turning Cebu into Singapore? |url=https://www.reddit.com/r/Cebu/comments/112vubt |website=Reddit |date=2023-02-15 |access-date=2025-06-12}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Singapore-Like Cebu City With Melbourne Features And Taiwan Training |url=https://www.reddit.com/r/Cebu/comments/1bih7sz |website=Reddit |date=2024-03-19 |access-date=2025-06-12}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Singapore like |url=https://www.reddit.com/r/Cebu/comments/134mrw0 |website=Reddit |date=2023-05-01 |access-date=2025-06-12}}</ref> In July 2024, the [[Commission on Audit]] (COA), in its 2023 audit report, stated that Cebu City lacked the cash to sustain Rama’s "Singapore-like" vision. The report flagged the city’s income projections over the past five years as consistently “unrealistic,” calling the 2023 fiscal year “the most aggressive.”<ref>{{cite news |title=COA says Cebu City lacks cash reserves for 'Singapore-like' vision |url=https://cebudailynews.inquirer.net/586860/coa-says-cebu-city-lacks-cash-reserves-for-singapore-like-vision |agency=Cebu Daily News |date=2 May 2024 |access-date=6 Jun 2025}}</ref> The controversial slogan was eventually dropped on October 9, 2024, when newly assumed Mayor Raymond Alvin Garcia, on his first day in office, announced its retirement in favor of a renewed focus on Cebu City’s own identity. Garcia emphasized Cebu’s long history as a civilization, predating that of Singapore.<ref name="MR_SGlikeEnd" /> ====2024 suspension and rift with Raymond Garcia==== : ''See also: [[#Suspensions from office|Suspensions from office]]'' On May 8, 2024, Rama was preventively suspended for 6 months by the [[Office of the Ombudsman (Philippines)|Ombudsman]] due to withholding the salaries of four city employees. Garcia assumed the post of acting mayor on May 14, replacing city administrator Collin Rosell and city assessor Maria Teresa Rosell, who were both also suspended along with Rama. He also ordered an investigation into alleged harassment against the four city employees who filed the complaint that resulted in Rama's suspension.<ref name="MR_2024suspended">{{cite news |last1=Cariaso |first1=Bella |title=Garcia assumes post of acting Cebu City mayor |url=https://www.philstar.com/nation/2024/05/14/2354930/garcia-assumes-post-acting-cebu-city-mayor |access-date=25 May 2025 |agency=PhilSTAR |date=14 May 2024}}</ref> Garcia announced that he would adopt a more diplomatic approach to the city's issues as acting mayor, compared to what he labeled as Rama's more aggressive style.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Piquero |first1=Pia |title=‘Aggressive vs Diplomatic’: Acting Mayor Garcia takes different approach from Rama |url=https://cebudailynews.inquirer.net/573334/aggressive-vs-diplomatic-acting-mayor-garcia-takes-different-approach-from-rama |access-date=28 May 2025 |agency=Cebu Daily News |date=14 May 2024}}</ref> Although Rama initially affirmed on February 17 that Garcia would remain his vice mayoral candidate for 2025, he later criticized Garcia's leadership and policy direction as acting mayor with increasing frequency.<ref name="MR_RGbreakup">{{cite news |last1=Piquero |first1=Pia |title=Rama-Garcia tandem in 2025 polls: Is it no more? |url=https://cebudailynews.inquirer.net/578605/rama-garcia-tandem-on-2025-polls-is-it-no-more |access-date=28 May 2025 |agency=Cebu Daily News |date=14 Jun 2024 |quote="When [former mayor] Labella died, [#1 councilor] Dondon immediately ascended as vice mayor… he is now cons vice mayor, so who can stop him from becoming a full-fledged vice mayor?"}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Mascardo |first1=Iris Hazel |title=On policy direction: Same with Rama, but diplomatic approach - Garcia |url=https://www.philstar.com/the-freeman/cebu-news/2024/06/04/2360272/policy-direction-same-rama-diplomatic-approach-garcia |access-date=28 May 2025 |agency=The Freeman |date=4 Jun 2024}}</ref> Rama accused Garcia of overstepping the bounds of an acting mayor—a claim Garcia denied—and of failing to uphold a prior agreement not to interfere with Rama's policies.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Piquero |first1=Pia |title=Garcia responds to Rama: Don’t blame me |url=https://cebudailynews.inquirer.net/584714/garcia-responds-to-rama-dont-blame-me |access-date=28 May 2025 |agency=Cebu Daily News |date=15 Jul 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Mascardo |first1=Iris Hazel |title=Despite Rama’s harsh words: Raymond still considers Mike a political ally |url=https://www.philstar.com/the-freeman/cebu-news/2024/08/15/2378057/despite-ramas-harsh-words-raymond-still-considers-mike-political-ally |access-date=28 May 2025 |agency=PhilSTAR |date=15 Aug 2024}}</ref> Garcia admitted to the growing distance between him and Rama on June 17, saying that he "no longer [felt] positive" about Rama's frequent criticisms, even as he still viewed Rama as a friend.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Piquero |first1=Pia |title=Raymond Garcia: Mike Rama is still a friend |url=https://cebudailynews.inquirer.net/589941/raymond-garcia-rama-is-still-a-friend |access-date=28 May 2025 |agency=Cebu Daily News |date=14 Aug 2024}}</ref> Garcia was noticeably absent from a Barug gathering on June 12, where Rama hinted towards picking acting vice mayor Dondon Hontiveros as his 2025 running mate instead.<ref name="MR_RGbreakup" /> On August 12, Rama presented a nearly-30 minute video to allies and journalists at Casino Español de Cebu, criticizing Acting Mayor Raymond Garcia and Gov. Gwen Garcia. He opposed the non-renewal of certain city officials and employees under Garcia’s acting term and raised concerns over the [[Cebu Port Authority]] and Metropolitan Cebu Water District (MCWD), following Garcia's resolution of Rama's disputes with both agencies. He accused Gov. Garcia of interfering in city affairs and violating [[Cities_of_the_Philippines#Independent_cities|Cebu City's autonomy]], even calling for city residents to be allowed to vote for the Governor in provincial elections. Rama also questioned his exclusion from the [[2024 Palarong Pambansa]] closing rites and criticized the city's hosting of the 2[[Festivals_of_Cebu#Pasigarbo_sa_Sugbo|2024 Pasigarbo sa Sugbo]] at the provincial government's request.<ref name="MR_vsGarcias">{{cite news |title=Rama criticizes Raymond, Gwen |url=https://www.sunstar.com.ph/cebu/rama-criticizes-raymond-gwen |agency=SunStar Cebu |date=2024-08-12 |access-date=2025-06-13}}</ref> On September 23, Garcia was announced as party president of the newly-revived KUSUG party, succeeding his father Alvin. Garcia also announced his openness to running for a full term as Mayor in 2025.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Piquero |first1=Pia |title=Raymond is new Kusug president, open to run as Cebu City mayor |url=https://cebudailynews.inquirer.net/596560/raymond-is-new-kusug-president-open-to-run-as-cebu-city-mayor |access-date=28 May 2025 |agency=Cebu Daily News |date=23 Sep 2024}}</ref> Rama officially declared the end of the Barug-KUSUG coalition and his alliance with Garcia the next day, September 24.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Piquero |first1=Pia |title=Rama ends coalition with Garcia for 2025 election |url=https://cebudailynews.inquirer.net/596821/rama-ends-coalition-with-garcia-for-2025-elections |access-date=28 May 2025 |agency=Cebu Daily News |date=25 Sep 2024 |quote=Tensions between the two have only grown since Garcia assumed the role of acting mayor. Rama has openly criticized Garcia for the changes he implemented in Cebu City during his leadership, particularly his diplomatic approach. “Maabot ang panahon magkita ta, I’m telling you. You better watch out,” Rama said.}}</ref> === 2025 mayoral campaign === : ''See also: [[#Dismissal and disqualification from office|Dismissal and disqualification from office]], [[#Electoral protests|Electoral protests]]'' On September 24, 2024, Rama announced Barug's lineup for the [[2025 Cebu City local elections|2025 elections]], notably including [[Liga ng mga Barangay]] (LnB) Cebu City President Franklyn Ong, who was BOPK's 2022 vice mayoral candidate and a former longtime BOPK member.<ref>{{cite news |title=Barug unveils slate for 2025 elections |url=https://cebudailynews.inquirer.net/596824/barug-unveils-slate-for-2025-elections |agency=Cebu Daily News |date=2024-09-25 |access-date=2025-06-09}}</ref> Barug would form a coalition with BagOng Sugbo (New Cebu), a grassroots movement recently founded by Ong, to launch the Partido Barug BagOng Sugbo Team Rama coalition. They filed their candidacies on October 3, with Rama running for re-election as mayor, Hontiveros running for a full-term as vice mayor, Ong running for congress in the North District, and South District Rep. Edu Rama running for re-election.<ref>{{cite news |title=Partido Barug BagOng Sugbo files candidacies, full slate announced |url=https://cebudailynews.inquirer.net/598458/partido-barug-bagong-sugbo-files-candidacies-full-slate-announced |agency=Cebu Daily News |date=2024-10-04 |access-date=2025-06-13}}</ref> On the same day, the Ombudsman released its September 19 ruling on Rama's case, dismissing suspended Mayor Rama from his position and permanently disqualifying him from public office.<ref name="MR_DQ1" /> Following succession laws, Vice Mayor Garcia assumed office as mayor, taking his oath of office on October 9.<ref name="MR_legalTimeline" /> The COMELEC cancelled Rama's certificate of candidacy due to his disqualification by the Ombudsman, which was reversed when Rama obtained a [[Injunction#Temporary_restraining_orders|temporary restraining order]] (TRO) from the [[Supreme Court of the Philippines|Supreme Court]] on on October 22, keeping his name on the ballot.<ref>{{cite news |title=Rama asks Supreme Court to stop Comelec from canceling COC |url=https://www.rappler.com/philippines/elections/rama-asks-supreme-court-stop-comelec-canceling-coc/ |agency=Rappler |date=2024-10-07 |access-date=2025-06-13}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Mayol |first=Ador Vincent S. |last2=Semilla‑Dakay |first2=Nestle |title= SC issues TRO on reelection disqualification cases vs 2 Cebu mayors |url=https://www.inquirer.net/418454/sc-issues-tro-on-reelection-disqualification-cases-vs-2-cebu-mayors/ |agency=Philippine Daily Inquirer |date=2024-10-22 |access-date=2025-06-13}}</ref> On October 31, 2024, Rama announced that he would challenge Garcia's assumption as mayor, filing a case for usurpation of authority.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Piquero |first1=Pia |title=Rama to file case against Raymond Garcia for ‘usurpation’ |url=https://cebudailynews.inquirer.net/603584/rama-to-file-case-against-raymond-garcia-for-usurpation |access-date=28 May 2025 |agency=Cebu Daily News |date=31 Oct 2024}}</ref> The Ombudsman would go on to dismiss at least 8 complaints filed by Rama, his allies, and his ex-employees, upholding the Garcia's legitimacy as mayor.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Piquero |first1=Pia |title=Ombudsman upholds Garcia’s legitimacy as Cebu City mayor |url=https://cebudailynews.inquirer.net/628905/ombudsman-upholds-garcias-legitimacy-as-cebu-city-mayor |access-date=28 May 2025 |agency=Cebu Daily News |date=21 Mar 2025 |quote="The Office of the Ombudsman has dismissed a complaint against Mayor Raymond Alvin Garcia over the termination of a co-terminus employee, upholding his authority as Cebu City’s chief executive. It further weakens former Mayor Michael Rama’s claim to the mayoral seat."}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Seblos |first1=John Paul |title=8th case vs Garcia tossed |url=https://www.sunstar.com.ph/cebu/8th-case-vs-garcia-tossed |access-date=28 May 2025 |agency=SunStar Cebu |date=20 Apr 2025}}</ref> On February 19, 2025, Rama announced that he withdrew support for [[Tingog Party List]] after former President Duterte endorsed Barug members on February 13. Tingog's first nominee is incumbent Rep. [[Yedda Romualdez]], wife of [[Speaker of the House of Representatives of the Philippines|House Speaker]] [[Martin Romualdez]]. Rama also announced his opposition to the [[Impeachment of Sara Duterte|impeachment of Vice President Sara Duterte]], the former president's daughter.<ref>{{cite news |title=Barug Team Rama drops support for Romualdez’ Tingog Partylist |url=https://cebudailynews.inquirer.net/623950/barug-team-rama-drops-support-for-romualdez-tingog-partylist |agency=Cebu Daily News |date=2025-02-19 |access-date=2025-06-13}}</ref> Speaker Romualdez, a cousin of President Bongbong Marcos, led the successful impeachment effort in the House amidst the political rivalry between the formerly-allied [[Marcos family|Marcos]] and [[Duterte family|Duterte]] political dynasties.<ref>{{cite web |last=Wong |first=Andrea Chloe |title=A family feud in the Philippines |url=https://www.lowyinstitute.org/the-interpreter/family-feud-philippines |website=Lowy Institute |publisher=Lowy Institute |date=2025-02-21 |access-date=2025-06-13}}</ref> On April 22, 18 former city employees associated with Rama were ordered to return [[Walkie-talkie|handheld radios]] previously issued by the City Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office (CDRRMO). The CDRRMO allegedly intercepted radio communications in early April which revealed that Rama's associates were using the city-issued radios for Rama's election campaign, which would violate laws against using government resources for political purposes. Garcia warned that the people responsible had 72 hours to return the handheld radios, after which he would escalate the matter to the City Legal Office for possible legal action. Rama denied knowledge of the matter, telling [[Cebu Daily News]] that he had no idea about it.<ref>{{cite news |title=Return city‑issued radios used in campaign, Garcia orders Rama camp |url=https://cebudailynews.inquirer.net/634122/return-city-issued-radios-used-in-campaign-garcia-orders-rama-camp |agency=Cebu Daily News |date=2025-04-22 |access-date=2025-06-03}}</ref> On May 12, Rama lost to an [[Upset (competition)|upset victory]] by Archival, placing third behind Archival and Garcia. Rama's lineup lost decisively, with no candidates winning in the North District, four councilor candidates winning in the South District, and Rep. Edu Rama winning re-election.<ref name="CC_2025ER">{{cite news |title=Halalan 2025 CITY OF CEBU Election Results |url=https://halalanresults.abs-cbn.com/local/city-of-cebu |access-date=22 May 2025 |agency=ABS-CBN News |date=12 May 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Roque |first=Nika |date=2025-05-13 |title=Archival, Osmeña win mayor and vice mayor positions in Cebu City |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/regions/945978/archival-osme-a-win-mayor-and-vice-mayor-positions-in-cebu-city/story/ |access-date=2025-05-28 |agency=GMA News Online}}</ref> As was the case with his 2016 defeat, Rama refused to accept his loss, alleging electoral fraud, filing an election protest against Archival, and seeking a manual [[election recount]].<ref name="MR_2025loss">{{cite news |title=Mike Rama refuses to concede Cebu City mayoral defeat |url=https://cebudailynews.inquirer.net/637639/mike-rama-refuses-to-concede-cebu-city-mayoral-defeat |agency=Cebu Daily News |date=2025-05-21 |access-date=2025-06-13}}</ref><ref name="MR_2025loss2">{{cite news |title=Mike Rama seeks manual vote recount after loss to Archival |url=https://cebudailynews.inquirer.net/638923/mike-rama-seeks-manual-vote-recount-after-loss-to-archival |agency=Cebu Daily News |date=2025-05-23 |access-date=2025-06-13}}</ref> ==Controversies and legal issues== In January 2011, Rama was accused of bullying businessman and fireworks trader Bryan Lim, after allegedly destroying PHP 3 million (approximately USD 60,000) in fireworks earlier seized for being sold outside of designated selling areas. Lim considered filing a case against Rama for grave abuse of authority. Lim's counsel Noel Archival argued that the fireworks' destruction was done unlawfully, and that Lim should have been allowed to donate the fireworks to the city's Sinulog festival instead.<ref>{{cite news |title=Pyro trader mulls raps vs city government |url=https://www.philstar.com/cebu-news/2011/01/04/644794/pyro-trader-mulls-raps-vs-city-government |agency=The Freeman |date=4 Jan 2011 |access-date=6 Jun 2025}}</ref> Rama has also been repeatedly criticized for allegedly singing and talking excessively about himself and his family during events and meetings, instead of properly focusing on official business.<ref>{{cite web |title=Cebu City suspended mayor Rama was disqualified |url=https://www.reddit.com/r/Philippines/comments/1fvb19v/cebu_city_suspended_mayor_rama_was_disqualified |website=Reddit |publisher=r/Philippines |access-date=2025-06-20}}</ref> Rama was seen singing during an official meeting with [[Business process outsourcing|BPO company]] heads on a video that surfaced on Facebook dated to December 3, 2013, with the poster alleging that they lost their job because the company downsized its Cebu team after the company's boss, who had flown in from overseas to meet the mayor, said that Rama instead wasted their time with the "most expensive useless concert" they had seen.<ref>{{cite web |title=BPO heads and Mike Rama Dec 3 2013 |url=https://www.facebook.com/watch/?v=1904726016420521 |website=Facebook - BPO Secrets |date=2016-05-16 |access-date=2025-06-20}}</ref> ===COA disallowances=== The [[Commission on Audit]] (COA) is an independent [[Constitution_of_the_Philippines#Article_IX_–_Constitutional_Commissions|constitutional commission]] mandated to protect public funds from [[Corruption in the Philippines|corruption]] through auditing the [[Government of the Philippines|Philippine government]]'s spending. COA has the power to disallow expenses it deems irregular, unnecessary, excessive, extravagant or illegal, and order the responsible officials to return them to public coffers, as well as flag unspent and underspent funds.<ref>{{cite news |last=Gregorio |first=Xave |title=COA gave Robredo’s OVP a Notice of Disallowance. What happens now? |url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2022/07/19/2196517/coa-gave-robredos-ovp-notice-disallowance-what-happens-now |agency=PhilSTAR |date=19 Jul 2022 |access-date=3 Jun 2025}}</ref> To date, COA has flagged and/or issued disallowances against the following expenses by Rama: * '''2013 disaster assistance:''' In June 2024, COA flagged Rama for a total of PHP 84 million ''(around USD 1.5 million)'' in calamity assistance distributed to city officials and employees on December 23, 2013 following a magnitude 7.2 earthquake and [[Typhoon Haiyan|Typhoon Yolanda]] ''(international name "Haiyan")'' in October and November, respectively. COA said that while the funds were given with good intentions, the means of distribution was unlawful, with the budget not being sourced from the city's calamity funds and the individual grants of PHP 20,000 (USD 351) per beneficiary exceeding the legal limit of PHP 15,000. Rama appealed the 30 notices of disallowances given by COA relating to the case, with COA upholding its decision and dismissing Rama's appeal on January 24, 2022.<ref>{{cite news |title=Cebu City's appeal on P84 million disallowance junked |url=https://www.philstar.com/nation/2022/10/25/2219049/cebu-citys-appeal-p84-million-disallowance-junked |agency=PhilSTAR |date=25 Oct 2022 |access-date=3 Jun 2025}}</ref> * '''August 2022 Canada trip:''' On January 25, 2023, COA flagged as excessive nearly PHP 2 million in cash advances that were distributed for a 6-day official trip to [[Canada]] by Rama and other city officials without the approval of the [[Department of Interior and Local Government]] (DILG). The disbursed airfare of PHP 300,000 (USD 5,400) per official was found to be excessive compared to the one-way airfare estimate of PHP 25,000 to 27,000 (USD 439 to 474), with daily expenses allocated for 9 days even if the officials' trip lasted for only 6 days.<ref>{{cite news |last=Padayhag |first=Michelle Joy L. |title=COA flags Cebu City officials' cash advances for Canada trip |url=https://www.rappler.com/philippines/visayas/cebu-city-officials-cash-advances-canada-trip-audit-report-2022/ |agency=Rappler |date=25 Oct 2022 |access-date=3 Jun 2025}}</ref> * '''September 2023 Vladivostok trip:''' COA, in July 2024, flagged nearly PHP 1.3 million (USD 22,800) in expenses for city officials' trip to the 8th [[Eastern Economic Forum]] (EEF) in [[Vladivostok]], [[Russia]]. Auditors reported that only 2 officials out of the 6 members of Rama's delegation—Rama himself and Councilor Jocelyn Pesquera—had clear responsibilities, and that the trip's expenses violated Presidential Executive Order No. 77 s. 2019, which mandates that travel delegations be kept to the barest minimum due to the expensive costs of foreign trips.<ref>{{cite news |title=COA flags Rama-led Vladivostok trip |url=https://www.sunstar.com.ph/cebu/coa-flags-rama-led-vladivostok-trip |agency=SunStar Cebu |date=23 Jul 2024 |access-date=3 Jun 2025}}</ref> * '''2023 unrecorded deposits and disbursements:''' COA flagged over PHP 609 million (USD 10.67 million) in unrecorded [[Deposit (finance)|deposits]] and [[disbursement|disbursements]] by the city government under Rama for 2023, a 788 percent increase from 2022. City Treasurer Mare Vae Reyes claimed that the unrecorded transactions were due to a new system implemented in 2019, while admitting "lapses" in the handling of the deposits and that the 788 percent increase was "alarming."<ref>{{cite news |title=COA flags P609-M unrecorded deposits, disbursements in Cebu |url=https://tribune.net.ph/2024/08/03/coa-flags-p609-m-unrecorded-deposits-disbursements-in-cebu |agency=Daily Tribune |date=3 Aug 2024 |access-date=3 Jun 2025}}</ref> * '''2022-2023 unspent disaster funds:''' In its 2023 Audit Report, COA flagged PHP 1.456 billion (USD 25.5 million) in unspent disaster funds for 2022 and 2023. Only 8.16 percent of the Local Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Fund (LDRRMF) Capital Outlay was utilized for both years, with a consistent pattern of low disaster fund utilization over the last five years under the Labella and Rama administrations due to what the City LDRRM Office revealed as bureaucratic [[red tape]] and [[Bottleneck (production)|procedural bottlenecks]]. COA's report mentioned that the underutilization of funds left city vulnerable to calamities and emergencies.<ref>{{cite news |title=COA flags Cebu City of unutilized P1.4B disaster fund |url=https://cebudailynews.inquirer.net/587387/coa-flags-cebu-city-of-unutilized-p1-4b-disaster-fund |agency=Cebu Daily News |date=21 Jul 2024 |access-date=3 Jun 2025}}</ref> * '''2024 unused CCMC equipment:''' COA identified and flagged 46 unused units of high-value medical equipment worth PHP 84 million (USD 1.47 million) at the [[Cebu City Medical Center]] (CCMC), some purchased as early as 2020 and now out of warranty. An inspection in March 2024 found 46 unutilized units, including vital items like anesthesia machines. COA attributed this to poor planning and coordination, as the equipment was acquired anticipating a hospital completion timeline that remains unfulfilled even eight years after construction began. COA reported that the wasted equipment deprived the public of essential medical services.<ref>{{cite news |title=COA flags P83-M unused equipment in Cebu City hospital |url=https://tribune.net.ph/2024/07/24/coa-flags-p83-m-unused-equipment-in-cebu-city-hospital |agency=Daily Tribune |date=24 Jul 2024 |access-date=3 Jun 2025}}</ref> * '''February 2023 charter day bonuses:''' In 2025, COA flagged the release of PHP 71.698 million (USD 1.25 million) in Charter Day bonuses (PHP 15,000 each, or USD 263) to officials and employees in 2023 without sufficient documentation justifying the performance of each recipient, which is legally required for such performance-based incentives. The issue raised concerns, particularly as the city government considered increasing the Charter Day bonus to PHP 35,000 (USD 642) for 2025.<ref>{{cite news |title=COA flags Cebu City's P15K incentives |url=https://www.sunstar.com.ph/cebu/coa-flags-cebu-citys-p15k-incentives |agency=SunStar Cebu |date=1 Mar 2025 |access-date=3 Jun 2025}}</ref> ===Drug protector allegations=== : ''See also: [[Rodrigo Duterte's August 7, 2016, speech]]'' In 2009, then-Vice Mayor Rama was accused by then-Mayor Osmeña of being a “drug lord protector” during a gathering of BOPK-aligned [[barangay captain|barangay captains]].<ref name="MR_2010EnCon1" /> Independent candidate Jimboy Tiokno echoed this, linking Rama to alleged drug lord Crisostomo Llaguno. Rama filed a libel suit against Tiokno, and his family dismissed the accusations, claiming Osmeña later called it a “lapse of judgment.”<ref name="MR_2010EnCon2" /> On January 15, 2014, Rama refused a surprise [[drug test]] at city hall following allegations that he was using illegal drugs., criticizing the council's resolution requiring all city officials to undergo testing.<ref name="MR_2016drugs" /> He said the council had no authority over him as mayor but eventually complied on January 23.<ref>{{cite news |title=After initially declining, Mayor Rama finally submits to drug test |url=https://www.philstar.com/the-freeman/cebu-news/2014/01/24/1282489/after-initially-declining-mayor-rama-finally-submits-drug-test |agency=The Freeman |date=2014-01-24 |access-date=2025-06-13}}</ref> On August 6, 2016, President [[Rodrigo Duterte]] publicly named Rama as a protector of [[drug lord|drug lords]].<ref name="MR_2016drugs" /> Rama, woken by family after the midnight announcement, expressed sadness but said he remained supportive of [[Philippine drug war|Duterte's drug war]] and was willing to clear his name.<ref>{{cite news |title=Mike: Why me? |url=https://cebudailynews.inquirer.net/100664/mike-why-me |agency=Cebu Daily News |date=2015-09-08 |access-date=2025-06-13}}</ref> Days later, Rama met with [[Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency]] (PDEA) Director General Isidro Lapeña but claimed the agency had no records or evidence against him, nor could they identify the drug lord he was supposedly protecting.<ref name="MR_2017drugs" /> Duterte repeated the accusation in a February 2017 speech, mistakenly referring to Rama as Cebu’s governor.<ref name="MR_2017drugs" /> Rama again denied the claim, saying Duterte had been fed wrong information.<ref name="MR_2019drugs" /> In 2018, Rama said he began receiving [[death threat|death threats]] as a result of Duterte's allegations, including a tarpaulin hung on a pedestrian overpass showing a 2016 photo of Rama alongside fellow UNA party members [[Albuera, Leyte]] Mayor [[Death of Rolando Espinosa|Rolando Espinosa Sr.]] and [[Ronda, Cebu]] Vice Mayor Jonnah John Ungab, who were both murdered following drug-related allegations. Their faces were crossed out in red, with Rama's circled and tagged, “you are next.”<ref name="MR_2018drugs" /> The tarpaulin was quickly taken down, with the [[Cebu City Police Office]] (CCPO) launching an investigation.<ref>{{cite news |last=Mayol |first=Ador Vincent S. |title=Cebu cops probe tarpaulin threat against ex‑mayor Rama |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/970930/cebu-cops-probe-tarpaulin-threat-against-ex-mayor-rama |work=Inquirer.net |date=2018-02-23 |access-date=2025-06-13}}</ref> After several failed attempts to meet Duterte, Rama finally had a brief chance meeting in March 2018, after running into presidential aide [[Bong Go]] in [[Davao City]]. Rama declined to share details, calling Duterte “cordial.”<ref>{{cite news |title=Rama gets meeting with Duterte |url=https://www.philstar.com/the-freeman/cebu-news/2018/03/22/1799257/rama-gets-meeting-duterte |agency=The Freeman |date=2018-03-22 |access-date=2025-06-13}}</ref> He later took another voluntary drug test in September 2018 at the [[Philippine National Police]] (PNP) Regional Office, visiting Regional Director [[Debold Sinas]] in another attempt to clear his name.<ref>{{cite news |last=Talisic |first=Benjie B. |title=Rama visits PRO‑7, seeks clear name from drug allegations |url=https://cebudailynews.inquirer.net/196189/rama-visits-pro-7-seeks-clear-name-drug-allegations |agency=Cebu Daily News |date=2018-09-28 |access-date=2025-06-13}}</ref> Rama was eventually removed from Duterte’s narco-list in 2019, with his name absent from the list released on March 14. He thanked his supporters, while allies Raymond Garcia and Joel Garganera blamed his initial inclusion on the supposed influence of the opposition [[Liberal Party (Philippines)|Liberal Party]] (LP) over the agencies behind the list.<ref name="MR_2019drugs" /><ref>{{cite news |title=Team Rama: Justice has been served |url=https://www.sunstar.com.ph/cebu/local-news/team-rama-justice-has-been-served |agency=SunStar Cebu |date=2019-03-15 |access-date=2025-06-13}}</ref> ===Cebu Port Authority dispute=== On July 15, 2015, during Rama's second term as mayor, the [[Port of Cebu|Cebu Port Authority]] (CPA) sued for a [[Injunction#Permanent_injunctions|permanent injunction]] asking the [[Regional Trial Court]] (RTC) Branch 10 in Cebu City to stop the city government from exercising control over the [[Compañía Marítima Building]], a historical landmark in an area that the city wanted to include in its development of the Carbon Public Market.<ref name="MR_CPA">{{cite news |last=Piquero|first= Pia|title=Cebu City Mayor Rama, execs to face complaints filed by CPA |url=https://cebudailynews.inquirer.net/570781/cebu-city-mayor-rama-execs-to-face-complaints-filed-by-cpa |agency=Cebu Daily News |access-date=30 Apr 2024 |date=30 Apr 2024}}</ref> The RTC granted the CPA's injunction in December 2022, during Rama's third mayoral term.<ref name="MR_CPA2">{{cite news |title=Cebu City ‘invasion’ condemned |url=https://www.sunstar.com.ph/cebu/cebu-city-invasion-condemned |agency=SunStar Cebu |date=2024-04-02 |access-date=2025-06-21}}</ref> The CPA later constructed a perimeter fence around port premises as part of its port expansion project.<ref name="MR_CPA2" /> On February 2, 2023, the city, through its Office of the Building Official (OBO), issued 15 notices of violations to the CPA over the construction work on port buildings without city permits.<ref name="MR_CPA3">{{cite news |title=Cebu City OBO sues CPA over 18 structures |url=https://www.sunstar.com.ph/cebu/cebu-city-obo-sues-cpa-over-18-structures |agency=SunStar |date=2024-06-19 |access-date=2025-06-03}}</ref> In August 2023, the RTC upheld its 2022 injunction in favor of the CPA, affirming the port authority's ownership and territorial [[jurisdiction]] over the Compania Maritima building and the port premises.<ref name="MR_CPA2" /> Rama ordered city officials to stop the port construction on March 8, 2024. The CPA refused to comply, citing its jurisdiction over the port area as an agency of the national government and the court's injunction in its favor.<ref name="MR_CPA2" /> On March 18, the OBO filed criminal cases against the CPA before the Ombudsman, alleging 18 counts of illegal construction, as well as several other administrative charges.<ref name="MR_CPA3" /> On April 1, Rama ordered city officials and employees, led by City Administrator Collin Rosell, to forcibly enter the port premises and install rail fences to block off the port's expansion project.<ref name="MR_CPA" /><ref name="MR_CPA2" /> The CPA condemned the forced entry in an official statement the following day, filing complaints against Rama, Rosell, and other city officials on April 29 before the Office of the President for impermissible encroachment, “deliberate and flagrant disregard” of the CPA's authority, and “obstinate disobedience and resistance” to the court's December 2022 injunction, among other charges.<ref name="MR_CPA4">{{cite news |title=CPA condemns Cebu City officials who ‘forcibly’ entered port |url=https://cebudailynews.inquirer.net/565655/cpa-condemns-cebu-city-officials-who-forcibly-entered-port |agency=Cebu Daily News |date=2024-04-02 |access-date=2025-06-21}}</ref> Rama asksed President Bongbong Marcos to intervene on April 5, saying that the President had to help him with the CPA issue after Rama supported the President's election in 2022.<ref>{{cite news |last=Almonte |first=Josh |title=CPA issue: Rama requests PBBM to intervene |url=https://cebudailynews.inquirer.net/566440/cpa-issue-rama-requests-pbbm-to-intervene |agency=Cebu Daily News |publisher=Inquirer.net |date=2024-04-05 |access-date=2025-06-21}}</ref> On April 19, [[Department of Transportation (Philippines)|Department of Transportation]] (DOTr) Secretary [[Jaime Bautista]] stressed in an interview that the city government and the CPA—an agency under the DOTr—should collaborate to resolve the issue.<ref>{{cite news |title=CPA, Cebu City Govt must talk to resolve issue – Bautista |url=https://www.sunstar.com.ph/cebu/cpa-and-cebu-city-government-must-talk-to-resolve-issue-bautista |agency=SunStar Cebu |date=2024-04-22 |access-date=2025-06-21}}</ref> The city's long-running dispute with the CPA was eventually resolved on May 28, 2024 when the city government—then headed by Acting Mayor Raymond Alvin Garcia—signed a [[compromise agreement]] with the CPA, represented by General Manager Francisco Comendador III. Garcia, in a [[press conference]] said the document will be submitted to the court trying the case for [[Judgment (law)|resolution]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Saavedra |first1= John Rey Saavedra|title=Compromise reached on Cebu maritime issue|url= https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1225634|access-date=30 May 2024 |date=28 May 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1= Magsumbol |first1= Caecent No-ot |title=CPA, Cebu City declare truce|url= https://www.philstar.com/the-freeman/cebu-news/2024/05/26/2358016/cpa-cebu-city-declare-truce|access-date=29 May 2025 |date=26 May 2024}}</ref> Rama, by then [[#Suspensions from office|suspended from office]], criticized Garcia's "diplomatic" approach to resolving the dispute.<ref name="MR_vsGarcias" /> ===2021 "shadow officials" controversy=== On November 12, 2021, an anonymous city employee sent a complaint to the DILG and [[Civil Service Commission (Philippines)|Civil Service Commission]] (CSC), accusing then-Acting Mayor Rama of appointing irregular "shadow officials" to run the city government's 27 departments. The complaint alleged that Rama asked city employees during a November 8 [[Flag#Hoisting_the_flag|flag ceremony]] to obey the shadow officials "otherwise risk being disciplined, replaced, or terminated," even if the said shadow officials were [[wikt:unaccountable|not properly accountable]] under the law due to not being the duly-appointed department heads.<ref name="MR_shadow">{{cite news |last=Letigio |first=Delta Dyrecka |last2=Gom-os |first2=Mae Fhel |title=Shadow officials of Rama running Cebu City Hall? |url=https://cebudailynews.inquirer.net/411854/shadow-officials-of-rama-running-cebu-city-hall |agency=Cebu Daily News |date=15 Nov 2021 |access-date=3 Jun 2025}}</ref> Rama criticized the employee's anonymity but did not deny the appointments, insisting that his appointees were "overseers" rather than shadow officials, citing his own lack of trust in then-Mayor Labella's duly-appointed department heads.<ref name="MR_shadow" /> The issue was [[Mootness|rendered moot]] following Labella's death on November 19, with Rama fully assuming the office of mayor and appointing his own department heads on December 6.<ref>{{cite news |title=Rama names new dep’t heads |url=https://cebudailynews.inquirer.net/415594/rama-names-new-dept-heads |agency=Cebu Daily News |date=2021-12-06 |access-date=2025-06-12}}</ref> ===2023-2024 dispute with MCWD and Joey Daluz=== On October 15, 2019, then-Mayor Edgardo Labella removed the board of directors of the Metropolitan Cebu Water District (MCWD) after seven of eight [[Local government in the Philippines|local government units]] (LGUs) within its franchise area expressed dissatisfaction over poor service. Despite legal challenges and an interim takeover by the Local Water Utilities Administration (LWUA), Labella appointed a new board on January 6, 2020, which included Jose "Joey" Daluz III—a former city councilor, longtime Barug campaign manager, and [[Partido Panaghiusa]] president—who was elected chairman of the board on February 17.<ref name="MCWD_timeline">{{cite news |title=MCWD brouhaha timeline |url=https://www.sunstar.com.ph/cebu/mcwd-brouhaha-timeline |agency=SunStar Cebu |date=2019-09-01 |access-date=2025-06-13}}</ref> On August 18, 2022, several MCWD employee unions launched the “LAYAS!” (''Go away!'') campaign, urging Daluz’s resignation and submitting a position paper to Mayor Rama, the LWUA, the Office of the President, the Ombudsman, and the CSC. The paper cited a 62% revenue drop, poor operational performance, and alleged hiring [[Cronyism|favoritism]] and questionable contracts under Daluz’s leadership. Daluz refused to step down.<ref>{{cite news |title=Employees' union asks Daluz to step down as MCWD chair |url=https://cebudailynews.inquirer.net/459089/employees-union-asks-daluz-to-step-down-as-mcwd-chair |agency=Cebu Daily News |date=2022-07-15 |access-date=2025-06-13}}</ref> Rama ordered Daluz's removal on May 18, 2023, reportedly due to his absence at an emergency meeting on [[El Niño]]. Daluz countered that Rama had not invited him and accused the mayor of usurping the MCWD board chair's authority to call meetings, asserting LGU officials had no authority over water district boards.<ref name="MCWD_timeline" /><ref>{{cite news |title=Metropolitan Cebu Water District chairman defies Rama removal order |url=https://www.rappler.com/philippines/visayas/metropolitan-cebu-water-district-chairman-defies-rama-removal-order/ |agency=Rappler |date=2023-12-05 |access-date=2025-06-13}}</ref> Daluz claimed Rama’s move was politically motivated on June 2, citing his earlier suggestion for Rama to run for a national post and make way for younger local leaders as having irritated Rama.<ref name="MCWD_timeline" /><ref>{{cite news |title=Why Cebu City officials are fighting over Metropolitan Water District |url=https://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/explainers/why-cebu-city-officials-fighting-over-metropolitan-water-district/ |agency=Rappler |date=2024-03-22 |access-date=2025-06-20}}</ref> He also pointed to the board's rejection of a full privatization proposal from the controversial [[Political_families_of_the_Philippines#Villar|Villar]]-owned [[PrimeWater]] as another of Rama's motives. Board member Jodelyn May Seno later alleged that Rama met with PrimeWater officials at his residence in February to discuss the planned takeover and full privatization of MCWD. Both Rama and PrimeWater denied the accusations.<ref name="MCWD_timeline" /><ref>{{cite news |last1=Bongcac |first1=Doris |last2=Sabalo |first2=Wenilyn |title=PrimeWater says it has nothing to do with moves to privatize MCWD |url=https://cebudailynews.inquirer.net/511986/primewater-says-it-has-nothing-to-do-with-moves-to-privatize-mcwd |agency=Cebu Daily News |date=2023-06-24 |access-date=2025-06-20}}</ref> The City Legal Office (CLO) sought graft charges against the Daluz-led board and issued termination notices on August 1, 2023. Rama named replacements on October 31. The Daluz-led board rejected his authority to do so. On November 6, Rama threatened the use of police force against the Daluz-led board if they refused to step down. Despite a LWUA order the next day declaring that Rama had no such authority, his appointees entered MCWD headquarters and held a board meeting while city-deployed [[SWAT]] personnel stood by outside.<ref name="MCWD_timeline" /> On March 15, 2024, LWUA installed an interim board and executed a partial takeover of MCWD, dismaying both the Rama and Daluz camps. The interim board suspended Daluz and his allies for six months pending investigation of alleged [[Government_procurement#Corruption|procurement law violations]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Explainer: Mike Rama, Joey Daluz both dismayed by LWUA takeover of MCWD |url=https://www.sunstar.com.ph/cebu/explainer-mike-rama-joey-daluz-both-dismayed-by-lwua-takeover-of-mcwd |agency=SunStar Cebu |date=2024-03-19 |access-date=2025-06-13}}</ref><ref name="MCWD_Apr15charges">{{cite news |last1=Padronia |first1= Earl Kim |title=Rama, 5 other CH officials face raps |url= https://www.sunstar.com.ph/cebu/rama-5-other-ch-officials-face-raps |agency=SunStar Cebu |access-date=30 Apr 2024 |date=29 Apr 2024}}</ref> Both the interim board and LWUA called out Daluz for what they described was the "unauthorized and illegal use" of the MCWD headquarters' social hall for political activities in preparation for a 2025 mayoral run.<ref>{{cite news |title=Seares: LWUA, for first time, cites Joey Daluz’ agenda in politics |url=https://www.sunstar.com.ph/cebu/seares-lwua-for-first-time-cites-joey-daluz-agenda-in-politics |agency=SunStar Cebu |date=2023-11-07 |access-date=2025-06-13}}</ref> On April 29, Daluz and MCWD General Manager Edgar Donoso filed charges against Rama and five other city officials after they allegedly entered the MCWD headquarters illegally, accompanying LWUA-appointed [[Officer in Charge (Philippines)|officer-in-charge]] (OIC) John DX Lapid and barricading the general manager's office. Rama declined to comment but questioned their authority to file complaints while suspended. The dispute led to Lapid's resigning as OIC and taking an indefinite leave.<ref name="MCWD_Apr15charges" /> On May 9, the Office of the Government Corporate Counsel (OGCC) ruled LWUA’s takeover invalid due to the necessary conditions for a LWUA takeover not having been met, restoring the Daluz-led board.<ref>{{cite news |title=LWUA granted authority to intervene in water districts’ operations |url=https://www.sunstar.com.ph/cebu/lwua-granted-authority-to-intervene-in-water-districts-operations |agency=SunStar Cebu |date=2024-04-02 |access-date=2025-06-20}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=LWUA’s partial takeover of MCWD not valid |url=https://www.sunstar.com.ph/cebu/lwuas-partial-takeover-of-mcwd-not-valid |agency=SunStar Cebu |date=2023-11-08 |access-date=2025-06-13}}</ref> Following Rama’s suspension on May 8, Acting Mayor Raymond Garcia resolved the city's dispute with MCWD.<ref>{{cite news |title=2024 a year of turmoil and transition in Cebu |url=https://www.sunstar.com.ph/cebu/2024-a-year-of-turmoil-and-transition-in-cebu |agency=SunStar Cebu |date=2024-12-31 |access-date=2025-06-20}}</ref> Daluz resigned from MCWD on September 30 to pursue a 2025 mayoral bid but later ran for vice mayor as Garcia's running mate after KUSUG and Panaghiusa formed a coalition.<ref>{{cite news |title=Daluz steps down from MCWD |url=https://www.sunstar.com.ph/cebu/daluz-steps-down-from-mcwd |agency=SunStar Cebu |date=2024-06-10 |access-date=2025-06-13}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Kusug Panaghiusa merged Garcia‑Daluz tandem now official |url=https://www.philstar.com/the-freeman/cebu-news/2024/10/01/2389332/kusug-panaghiusa-merged-garcia-daluz-tandem-now-official |agency=The Freeman |date=2024-10-01 |access-date=2025-06-13}}</ref> ===Sinulog at the SRP (2023-2024)=== As mayor and chairperson of the Sinulog Foundation, Inc. (SFI), Rama moved the 2023 [[Sinulog]] Festival to the South Road Properties (SRP), a decision initially backed by the Cebu City Chamber of Commerce and Industry. However, the venue drew widespread criticism for being distant from the city center, lacking public transport access, and having poor site conditions, including muddy terrain and limited shelter. Critics also said the venue favored private vehicle owners over the commuting public.<ref name="MR_sinulogIssue">{{cite news |last=Sitchon |first=John |title=The politics of Cebu’s Sinulog venues: ‘Goodbye’ to the South Road Properties |url=https://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/inside-track/cebu-sinulog-venues-politics-january-2025/ |agency=Rappler |date=14 Jan 2025 |access-date=3 Jun 2025}}</ref><ref name="MR_sinulogIssue2">{{cite news |title=SRP Sinulog venue still widely opposed |url=https://www.philstar.com/the-freeman/opinion/2023/12/15/2319060/srp-sinulog-venue-still-widely-opposed |agency=The Freeman |date=2023-12-15 |access-date=2025-06-20}}</ref> Cebu Governor Gwen Garcia joined the opposition on January 9, 2023, denouncing the venue as a risk to children's health and safety, and announced the withdrawal of 10 out of 26 contingents from all over [[Cebu Province]]. Her remarks came after similar pullouts by [[Mandaue City]] Mayor [[Jonas Cortes]], [[Lapu-Lapu City]] Mayor [[Junard Chan|Junard "Ahong" Chan]], and [[Talisay, Cebu|Talisay City]] Mayor [[Samsam Gullas]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Pullout of province, 3 city contingents imperils Sinulog 2023 grand highlight |url=https://www.rappler.com/philippines/visayas/pullout-province-city-contingents-imperils-grand-highlight-sinulog-2023/ |agency=Rappler |date=2023-01-13 |access-date=2025-06-20}}</ref> Despite public backlash and Garcia's PHP PHP 20 million (USD 349,000) donation offer to return the festival to the [[Cebu City Sports Center]] (CCSC), Rama insisted on holding the 2024 Sinulog at the SRP, citing CCSC’s limited capacity.<ref name="MR_sinulogIssue" /><ref name="MR_sinulogIssue2" /> The decision drew renewed criticism online, including allegations that the venue shift benefited commercial interests such as [[Nustar Resort and Casino]], and claims of possible [[Kickback (bribery)|kickbacks]].<ref>{{cite web |title=“Sinulog_2024 : Parade of ads” |url=https://www.reddit.com/r/Cebu/comments/19bx4r7/sinulog_2024_parade_of_ads |website=Reddit |publisher=r/Cebu |date=2024-01-22 |access-date=2025-06-20 |quote=”Look at all these billboards along the parade route—it's turning into an ad fest.”}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=“Sinulog sa SRP : San una, puerteng lapoka, if…” |url=https://www.reddit.com/r/Cebu/comments/1hy0je4/sinulog_sa_srp_san_una_pwerteng_lapoka_if |website=Reddit |publisher=r/Cebu |date=2024-01-15 |access-date=2025-06-20 |quote=”Sinulog sa SRP last year: puro lapok. Hope this time aro’y mas huwai nga yan.”}}</ref> After Rama’s suspension, Acting Mayor Raymond Alvin Garcia announced on August 1, 2024, that the Sinulog would return to the CCSC in 2025.<ref>{{cite news |title=Sinulog 2025 will return to CCSC – Raymond |url=https://cebudailynews.inquirer.net/591093/sinulog-2025-will-return-to-ccsc-raymond |agency=Cebu Daily News |date=2024-08-21 |access-date=2025-06-20}}</ref> Rama criticized Garcia's decision, while Garcia cited poor attendance and underwhelming ticket sales at the SRP, despite the city distributing plenty of free tickets.<ref name="MR_sinulogIssue" /> The Sinulog's return to the CCSC was met with broad public approval. Participation increased from Cebu and other provinces, businesses reported improved sales, and estimated attendance surged to around four million, even prompting crowd control challenges.<ref name="MR_sinulogIssue" /><ref>{{cite news |title=For better or for worse: The ‘old’ Sinulog is back |url=https://cebudailynews.inquirer.net/618465/for-better-or-for-worse-the-old-sinulog-is-back |agency=Cebu Daily News |date=2025-01-20 |access-date=2025-06-20}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=“Liveliest, grandest” — Sinulog 2025 described by city mayor |url=https://www.philstar.com/the-freeman/cebu-news/2025/01/20/2415527/liveliest-grandest |agency=The Freeman |date=2025-01-20 |access-date=2025-06-20}}</ref> ===Electoral protests=== Rama filed electoral protests on three separate occasions, alleging [[electoral fraud]] following both of his election losses in 2016 and 2025: * '''[[2016 Cebu City local elections|2016 mayoral elections]]:''' After losing re-election to former mayor Osmeña, Rama filed a protest on May 22, 2016, calling his loss "statistically impossible" and accusing Osmeña and BOPK of cheating.<ref name="MR_2016loss" /> Osmeña filed a counter-protest, also accusing Rama of cheating. On November 9, the Commission on Elections (COMELEC) Second Division ordered a manual recount of 168 clustered precincts—roughly 20% of Cebu City's 837 precincts.[37] Rama stated he was coordinating with the lawyers handling the [[2016_Philippine_presidential_election#Electoral_protest|protest of defeated 2016 vice presidential candidate Bongbong Marcos]]. The recount upheld Osmeña’s victory, who served until 2019.<ref name="MR_2016loss3" /> * '''[[2018 Philippine barangay and Sangguniang Kabataan elections|2018 Barangay elections]]:''' After BOPK allies won 49 of the city’s 80 barangay captain posts, Rama indicated plans to file protests on behalf of his defeated allies.<ref>{{cite news |last=Erram |first=Morexette Marie B. |title=BOPK: 49 TEAM RAMA: 31 |url=https://cebudailynews.inquirer.net/175242/bopk-49-team-rama-31 |agency=Cebu Daily News |date=15 May 2018 |access-date=6 Jun 2025}}</ref> These did not prosper, and BOPK increased its majority to 51, with Franklyn Ong elected Liga ng mga Barangay (LnB) Cebu City chapter president and ''ex officio'' city councilor. Team Rama candidate Niña Mabatid and her allies walked out of the LnB election, alleging fraud.<ref>{{cite news |title=Province, bets ran unopposed: Ong is ABC prexy; Mabatid walks out |url=https://www.philstar.com/the-freeman/cebu-news/2018/07/31/1838411/province-bets-ran-unopposed-ong-abc-prexy-mabatid-walks-out |agency=The Freeman |date=2018-07-31 |access-date=2025-06-13}}</ref> * '''[[2025 Cebu City local elections|2025 mayoral elections]]:''' After Archival emerged victorious as mayor over incumbent Mayor Garcia and Rama, Rama again alleged electoral fraud and vote-counting machine glitches, as with his 2016 defeat.<ref name="MR_2025loss" /> Unlike Rama, Garcia conceded the race and congratulated Archival. Rama filed an electoral protest on May 22, 2025, seeking a manual recount.<ref name="MR_2025loss2" /><ref>{{cite news |title=Rama files protest, seeks manual recount |url=https://www.philstar.com/nation/2025/05/24/2445350/rama-files-protest-seeks-manual-recount |agency=Philstar.com |date=2025-05-24 |access-date=2025-06-13}}</ref> Archival dismissed the claims as being "based on [Rama's] imagination," noting that second-placer Garcia did not contest the outcome; Garcia urged Rama to move on.<ref>{{cite news |last=Piquero |first=Pia |title=Archival shrugs off Rama’s election protest – ‘All his imagination’ |url=https://cebudailynews.inquirer.net/638952/archival-shrugs-off-ramas-election-protest-all-his-imagination |agency=Cebu Daily News |date=23 May 2025 |access-date=6 Jun 2025}}</ref> On May 27, COMELEC clarified that Rama must substantiate his fraud claims and pay PHP 25,000 (USD 439) per precinct for any manual recount.<ref>{{cite news |title=Comelec‑7: Rama bears burden of proving poll irregularities |url=https://www.sunstar.com.ph/cebu/comelec-7-rama-bears-burdenof-proving-poll-irregularities |agency=SunStar Cebu |date=2025-05-22 |access-date=2025-06-13}}</ref> Rama reaffirmed his protest on June 11 and expressed plans for a 2028 political return, despite his permanent disqualification from public office.<ref>{{cite news |title=Mike Rama eyes 2028 comeback: ‘We will be back’ |url=https://cebudailynews.inquirer.net/641540/mike-rama-eyes-2028-comeback-we-will-be-back |agency=Cebu Daily News |date=2025-05-25 |access-date=2025-06-13}}</ref> ===Suspensions from office=== Before his dismissal and permanent disqualification from public office, Rama had already been [[Suspension (punishment)|suspended from office]] thrice: * '''2015 suspension over Labangon road projects demolition:''' On December 9, 2015, the Office of the President (OP) ordered a 60-day preventive suspension against Rama in response to an administrative complaint filed by Barangay Captain Victor Buendia of Labangon, Cebu City. The complaint accused Rama of culpable violation of [[Constitution of the Philippines|the Constitution]], grave abuse of authority, grave misconduct, and oppression, alleging that Rama illegally ordered the destruction of a PHP 300,000 (around USD 5,400) center island and street lighting project funded and undertaken by the said Barangay without due process.<ref>{{cite news |title=Malacañang suspends Cebu Mayor Mike Rama |url=https://www.rappler.com/philippines/115460-cebu-mayor-mike-rama-preventive-suspension/ |agency=Rappler |date=11 Dec 2015 |access-date=3 Jun 2025}}</ref> The OP determined that Rama's actions were unjustified due to street lights and center islands not being nuisances, and that their removal should have followed appropriate legal procedures.<ref>{{cite web |title=DILG to implement suspension order vs. Cebu City Mayor Michael Rama |url=https://www.dilg.gov.ph/news/DILG-to-implement-suspension-order-vs-Cebu-City-Mayor-Michael-Rama/NC-2015-1394 |website=Department of the Interior and Local Government |date=10 Dec 2015}}</ref> Rama resumed his office on February 8, 2016, after the suspension ended.<ref>{{cite news |title=Rama now back as mayor; 60-day suspension ends |url=https://www.sunstar.com.ph/more-articles/rama-now-back-as-mayor-60-day-suspension-ends |agency=SunStar Cebu |date=8 Feb 2016}}</ref> * '''2016 suspension over 2013 calamity aid:''' On April 7, 2016, the Office of the President suspended Rama, Vice Mayor Labella, and 12 City Councilors—both from Team Rama and the opposition BOPK— after finding guilty of grave abuse of authority over the controversial release of PHP 20,000 calamity aid to all City Hall employees in 2013. All suspended officials were barred from office until the end of the term on June 30, 2016, leaving only 5 out of 18 councilors in office, with [[Margot Osmeña]] serving as Acting Mayor.<ref>{{cite news |last=Gumatay |first=Princess Dawn Felicitas |title=Rama, VM, and city dads suspended |url=https://www.philstar.com/the-freeman/cebu-news/2016/04/10/1571686/rama-vm-and-city-dads-suspended |agency=The Freeman |date=10 Apr 2016 |access-date=3 Jun 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Gumatay |first=Princess Dawn Felicitas |title=If suspension implemented: Vacuum feared in City Council |url=https://www.philstar.com/the-freeman/cebu-news/2016/05/15/1583689/if-suspension-implemented-vacuum-feared-city-council |agency=The Freeman |date=15 May 2016 |access-date=3 Jun 2025}}</ref> * '''2024 suspension:''' On May 8, 2024, Ombudsman [[Samuel Martires]] ordered a 6-month preventive suspension against Rama and seven other city officials over the alleged non-payment of four employees of the City Assessor's Office for nearly 10 months, since July 2023.<ref name="MR_legalTimeline" /><ref name="MR_2024suspended" /><ref name="MR_2024suspended2">{{cite news |last1=Ong Ki |first1= Czarina |title=Ombudsman orders preventive suspension of Cebu City mayor, 7 others |url=https://mb.com.ph/2024/5/8/ombudsman-orders-preventive-suspension-of-cebu-city-mayor-7-others |agency=Manila Bulletin |access-date=8 May 2024 |date=8 May 2024}}</ref> Rama's appeals against the suspension order were denied by the [[Court of Appeals of the Philippines|Court of Appeals]] on May 28 and by the Ombudsman on June 20.<ref name="MR_legalTimeline" /><ref>{{cite news |last1= Mascardo|first1=Iris Hazel |title=Six-Month suspension: CA dismisses Mike’s appeal|url= https://www.philstar.com/the-freeman/cebu-news/2024/05/23/2357294/six-month-suspension-ca-dismisses-mikes-appeal|access-date=24 May 2024 |date=23 May 2024}}</ref> Rama challenged the suspension before the [[Supreme Court of the Philippines|Supreme Court]] as unconstitutional on August 12, with the court ordering the Ombudsman to answer Rama's petition on August 20.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Padronia |first1= Earl Kim |title=SC tells Ombud to reply to Rama’s suspension appeal |url= https://www.sunstar.com.ph/cebu/sc-tells-ombud-to-reply-to-ramas-suspension-appeal |agency=SunStar Cebu |access-date=22 Aug 2024 |date=20 Aug 2024}}</ref> While the 6-month suspension would have expired on November 8, Rama was [[Dismissal_(employment)|dismissed from office]] before then.<ref name="MR_legalTimeline" /> On all three occasions, Rama claimed that his suspensions were politically-motivated.<ref>{{cite news |last=Padayhag |first=Michelle Joy L. |last2=Silva |first2=Victor Anthony V. |title=Osmeña: Don’t blame me for Rama’s fall |url=https://cebudailynews.inquirer.net/77962/osmena-dont-blame-me-for-ramas-fall |agency=Cebu Daily News |date=13 Dec 2015 |access-date=2025-06-03}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Rama forgives but won't forget his political foes |url=https://visayas.politiko.com.ph/2015/12/28/rama-forgives-but-wont-forget-his-political-foes/daily-feed/ |agency=Politiko |date=28 Dec 2015 |access-date=3 Jun 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Larisma |first=Arkeen |title=Rama: Suspension is politically motivated |url=https://www.sunstar.com.ph/cebu/rama-suspension-is-politically-motivated |agency=SunStar Cebu |date=10 May 2024 |access-date=3 Jun 2025}}</ref> ===Dismissal and disqualification from office=== In January 2023, Rama was sued before the Ombudsman by Jonel Salceda (''[[Pseudonym|alias]]'' Inday Josa Chiongban Osmeña) for [[nepotism]] and [[misconduct|grave misconduct]], accusing Rama of appointing his brothers-in-law, Elmer and Gomer Mandanat, to positions under the Office of the Mayor and the CCMC from January to December 2022. On September 10, 2024, during Rama's 6-month suspension over the non-payment of city employees' salaries, Rama's legal team denied rumors about an impending dismissal due to the nepotism case, subsequently filing a Motion for Clarification with the Ombudsman to seek clarity on the case.<ref name="MR_legalTimeline" /> The Ombudsman announced on September 25, 2024 that it had found [[probable cause]] in Rama's nepotism case for three violations of the Anti-Graft and Corrupt Practices Act, which it intended to elevate to court. Later that day, Rama's legal team announced their intent to contest the Ombudsman's resolution.<ref name="MR_legalTimeline" /> On October 3, 2024, the day Rama and Barug filed their candidacies for the 2025 elections, the Ombudsman released its September 9 ruling finding then-suspended Mayor Rama guilty of nepotism and grave misconduct, dismissing him from office, permanently banning him from any future government employment, and forfeiting his retirement benefits.<ref name="MR_DQ1" /><ref name="MR_legalTimeline" /> The COMELEC also disqualified Rama from the 2025 elections by ordering that all candidates who are disqualified from public office be removed from the ballot, a move which also included dismissed Mandaue Mayor Jonas Cortes and dismissed [[Governor of Albay|Albay Governor]] [[Noel Rosal]]. The Supreme Court consolidated the appeals of Rama, Cortes, and Rosal into a single case, reversing their disqualifications with a temporary restraining order (TRO) against the COMELEC on October 22 after the officials argued that the Ombudsman's disqualification is not yet final and executory due to being subject to appeal. The TRO ensured that all three candidates stayed on their respective ballots.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Laqui |first1=Ian |title=Supreme Court halts Comelec's disqualification of Mandaue, Cebu, Albay officials |url= https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2024/10/22/2394490/supreme-court-halts-comelecs-disqualification-mandaue-cebu-albay-officials|access-date=24 Oct 2024 |agency=PhilSTAR |date=22 Oct 2024}}</ref> On December 2, 2024, after what would have been the end of Rama's 6-month suspension, Rama attempted to defy his dismissal and report back to work at City Hall, despite Garcia having already succeeded him as mayor. Rama attended the flag ceremony and appeared cordial with Garcia, walking out after Garcia referred to Rama as the former Mayor. Rama then spoke to journalists, asserted that he was still the duly-elected mayor, and called Garcia a fake mayor.<ref name="MR_2024clamp">{{cite news |title=Dismissed Cebu City mayor Mike Rama holds presscon at City Hall |url=https://cebudailynews.inquirer.net/609532/dismissed-cebu-city-mayor-mike-rama-holds-presscon-at-city-hall |agency=Cebu Daily News |date=2024-10-02 |access-date=2025-06-13}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title='Citizen' Mike walks out of flag ceremony |url=https://www.sunstar.com.ph/cebu/citizen-mike-walks-out-of-flag-ceremony |agency=SunStar Cebu |date=2024-12-02 |access-date=2025-06-21}}</ref> Rama then attempted to enter his old office in the Executive Building, which had been padlocked by Garcia for security reasons. Tensions further escalated after Rama's vehicle, which was parked in the parking slot reserved solely for the mayor's use, was [[Wheel clamp|clamped]] by the Cebu City Transportation Office (CCTO). Rama's supporters shouted at the uniformed CCTO personnel and attempted to prevent them from leaving.<ref name="MR_2024clamp" /> Garcia dismissed the issue, stating that security threats came not from Rama himself, but rather from his associates who had allegedly violated security on previous occasions.<ref>{{cite news |title=Mike Rama’s return to City Hall ends in clampdown |url=https://cebudailynews.inquirer.net/609625/mike-ramas-return-to-city-hall-ends-in-clampdown |agency=Cebu Daily News |date=2024-10-03 |access-date=2025-06-13}}</ref> On February 19, 2025, the Cebu City Legal Office (CLO) issued a demand letter giving Rama 24 hours to return a [[Toyota_HiAce#GranAce/Granvia/Majesty/HiAce_Super_Grandia/HiAce_VIP/Quantum_VX|Toyota HiAce Super Grandia]] owned by the city government, previously issued to Rama as an official vehicle. Rama refused to comply, going to City Hall on February 21, confronting CLO head Santiago Ortiz Jr., and condemning the demand letter as "[[tyranny]] and [[oppression]]." The city later filed a police blotter report at the Waterfront Police Station on February 26, with Garcia saying that the city was reviewing possible legal remedies, including [[Motor vehicle theft|carnapping]] charges.<ref>{{cite news |title=Michael Rama won’t return van; Cebu City files blotter report |url=https://cebudailynews.inquirer.net/625205/michael-rama-wont-return-van-cebu-city-files-blotter-report#ixzz91Vm6MCMN |agency=Cebu Daily News |date=2025-02-27 |access-date=2025-06-21}}</ref> Rama said that he would be willing to return the van, although he insisted that he was still the rightful mayor and that his return of the van should not be seen as waiving his claim to the office.<ref>{{cite news |title=Rama willing to return van but insists he’s the rightful mayor |url=https://cebudailynews.inquirer.net/625416/rama-willing-to-return-van-but-insists-hes-the-rightful-mayor |agency=Cebu Daily News |date=2025-01-15 |access-date=2025-06-13}}</ref> The city government later dropped the carnapping charges against Rama after he turned the vehicle over to Vice Mayor Hontiveros on February 28, albeit without signing the formal turnover paperwork.<ref>{{cite news |title=‘Rama car-napping’ — City Hall drops case as Rama returns van |url=https://cebudailynews.inquirer.net/626069/rama-carnapping-city-hall-drops-case-as-rama-returns-van |agency=Cebu Daily News |date=2025-01-20 |access-date=2025-06-13}}</ref> On March 17, 2025 the Ombudsman ordered Rama dismissed as mayor and permanently disqualified from public office for the second time, after finding him guilty of awarding garbage collection contracts in December 2021 without going through the legally-required bidding processes for private contractors. Also dismissed were Leizl Calamba, Lyndon Basan, Conrado Ordesta III, Janeses Ponce, and Dominic Diño, members of the city's Bids and Awards Committee. The Ombudsman's decision was based on a complaint filed by Jundel Bontuyan in August 2023.<ref name="MR_DQ2" /> On April 1, Rama posted [[bail]] of PHP 270,000 (USD 4,700) for his nepotism case following his legal team's discovery of an arrest warrant against him in [[San Carlos, Negros Occidental]] on March 11.<ref name="MR_DQ2" /> ==Electoral history== {{Collapse top|title=Electoral History of Mike Rama (click to expand)}} To date, Rama ran in every local election since 1992, for a total of 12 elections. * 1992: '''Won''' as Councilor for Cebu City's 2nd (South) District * 1995: '''Won''' as Councilor for Cebu City's 2nd (South) District * 1998: '''Won''' as Councilor for Cebu City's 2nd (South) District * [[2001 Cebu City local elections|2001]]: '''Won''' as Vice Mayor of Cebu City<ref name="CC_2001ER" /><ref name="CC_2001ER2" /> {{Election box begin no change | title=[[2004 Cebu City local elections|2004]] Cebu City vice mayoral election<ref name="CC_2004ER" /> }} {{Election box winning candidate with party link no change |party = Lakas–CMD (1991) |candidate = Michael Rama ([[incumbent]]) |votes = 249256 |percentage = }} {{Election box candidate with party link no change |party = Koalisyon ng Nagkakaisang Pilipino |candidate = Ramiro Madarang |votes = |percentage = }} {{Election box total no change |votes = |percentage = 100.00 }} {{Election box hold with party link without swing |winner = Lakas–CMD (1991) }} {{Election box end}} {{Election box begin no change | title=[[2007_Cebu_City_local_elections#Vice_mayor|2007]] Cebu City vice mayoral election<ref name="CC_2007ER" /> }} {{Election box winning candidate with party link no change |party = Lakas–CMD (1991) |candidate = Michael Rama ([[incumbent]]) |votes = 218241 |percentage = }} {{Election box candidate with party link no change |party = Genuine Opposition |candidate = [[Raymond Alvin Garcia]] |votes = 82640 |percentage = }} {{Election box candidate with party link no change |party = Independent (politician) |candidate = Cristituto Abangan |votes = |percentage = }} {{Election box total no change |votes = 300881 |percentage = 100.00 }} {{Election box hold with party link without swing |winner = Lakas–CMD (1991) }} {{Election box end}} {{Election box begin no change | title=[[2010 Cebu City local elections|2010]] Cebu City mayoral election<ref name="CC_2010ER" /><ref name="CC_2010ER2" /> }} {{Election box winning candidate with party link no change |party = Liberal Party (Philippines) |candidate = Michael Rama |votes = 210520 |percentage = 58.42 }} {{Election box candidate with party link no change |party = Nacionalista Party |candidate = [[Alvin Garcia]] |votes = 120327 |percentage = 33.39 }} {{Election box candidate with party link no change |party = Lakas-Kampi-CMD |candidate = Georgia Osmeña |votes = 16620 |percentage = 4.61 }} {{Election box candidate with party link no change |party = Independent (politician) |candidate = [[John Henry Osmeña]] |votes = 8178 |percentage = 2.27 }} {{Election box candidate with party link no change |party = Philippine Green Republican Party |candidate = Salvador Solima |votes = 1867 |percentage = 0.52 }} {{Election box candidate with party link no change |party = Independent (politician) |candidate = Crisologo Saavedra |votes = 1171 |percentage = 0.32 }} {{Election box candidate with party link no change |party = Independent (politician) |candidate = Rodolfo Laconza |votes = 471 |percentage = 0.13 }} {{Election box candidate with party link no change |party = Independent (politician) |candidate = Cristituto Abangan |votes = 437 |percentage = 0.12 }} {{Election box candidate with party link no change |party = Independent (politician) |candidate = Anastacio Dela Cruz |votes = 423 |percentage = 0.12 }} {{Election box candidate with party link no change |party = Independent (politician) |candidate = Fermiliano Dapitan |votes = 324 |percentage = 0.09 }} {{Election box total no change |votes = 360338 |percentage = 100.00 }} {{Election box margin of victory no change| |votes = 90193 |percentage = 25.03 }} {{Election box hold with party link no swing |winner = Liberal Party (Philippines) }} {{Election box end}} {{Election box begin no change | title=[[2013 Cebu City local elections|2013]] Cebu City mayoral election <ref name="CC_2013ER" /><ref name="CC_2013ER2" /> }} {{Election box winning candidate with party link no change |party = United Nationalist Alliance |candidate = Michael Rama ([[incumbent]]) |votes = 215425 |percentage = 50.70 }} {{Election box candidate with party link no change |party = Liberal Party (Philippines) |candidate = [[Tomas Osmeña]] |votes = 209497 |percentage = 49.30 }} {{Election box total no change |votes = 424922 |percentage = 100.00 }} {{Election box margin of victory no change| |votes = 5928 |percentage = 1.40 }} {{Election box gain with party link without swing |winner = United Nationalist Alliance |loser = Liberal Party (Philippines) }} {{Election box end}} {{Election box begin no change | title=[[2016 Cebu City local elections|2016]] Cebu City mayoral election<ref name="CC_2016ER" /> }} {{Election box winning candidate with party link no change |party = Liberal Party (Philippines) |candidate = [[Tomas Osmeña]] |votes = 266819 |percentage = 53.40 }} {{Election box candidate with party link no change |party = United Nationalist Alliance |candidate = Michael Rama ([[incumbent]]) |votes = 232925 |percentage = 46.60 }} {{Election box total no change |votes = 499744 |percentage = 100.00 }} {{Election box margin of victory no change| |votes = 33894 |percentage = 6.80 }} {{Election box gain with party link without swing |winner = Liberal Party (Philippines) |loser = United Nationalist Alliance }} {{Election box end}} {{Election box begin no change | title=[[2019 Cebu City local elections|2019]] Cebu City vice mayoral election<ref name="CC_2019ER" /> }} {{Election box winning candidate with party link no change |party = United Nationalist Alliance |candidate = Michael Rama |votes = 261685 |percentage = 51.91 }} {{Election box candidate with party link no change |party = Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino |candidate = Mary Ann de los Santos |votes = 235007 |percentage = 46.62 }} {{Election box candidate with party link no change |party = Independent (politician) |candidate = Federico Peredo |votes = 3749 |percentage = 0.74 }} {{Election box candidate with party link no change |party = Independent (politician) |candidate = Antonio Rosaroso |votes = 3633 |percentage = 0.72 }} {{Election box total no change |votes = 504074 |percentage = 100.00 }} {{Election box margin of victory no change| |votes = 26678 |percentage = 5.29 }} {{Election box hold with party link no swing |winner = United Nationalist Alliance }} {{Election box end}} {{Election box begin no change | title= [[2022 Cebu City local elections|2022]] Cebu City mayoral election<ref name="CC_2022ER" /><ref name="CC_2022ER2" /> }} {{Election box winning candidate with party link no change |party = Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan |candidate = Michael Rama (incumbent) |votes = 239656 |percentage = 40.85 }} {{Election box candidate with party link no change |party = Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino |candidate = [[Margot Osmeña|Margarita Osmeña]] |votes = 202446 |percentage = 34.50 }} {{Election box candidate with party link no change |party = Independent (politician) |candidate = David Tumulak |votes = 141225 |percentage = 24.07 }} {{Election box candidate with party link no change |party = Independent (politician) |candidate = Crisologo Saavedra Jr. |votes = 1418 |percentage = 0.24 }} {{Election box candidate with party link no change |party = Independent (politician) |candidate = Edgar Concha Jr. |votes = 1133 |percentage = 0.19 }} {{Election box candidate with party link no change |party = Independent (politician) |candidate = Juanito Luna |votes = 760 |percentage = 0.12 }} {{Election box total no change |votes = 552811 |percentage = 100 }} {{Election box margin of victory no change| |votes = 35492 |percentage = 6.42 }} {{Election box hold with party link without swing |winner=Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan }} {{Election box end}} {{Election box begin no change | title = [[2025 Cebu City local elections|2025]] Cebu City mayoral election<ref name="CC_2025ER" /> }} {{Election box winning candidate with party link no change |party = Liberal Party (Philippines) |candidate = [[Nestor Archival]] |votes = 209370 |percentage = 43.86 }} {{Election box candidate with party link no change |party = Partido Federal ng Pilipinas |candidate = [[Raymond Alvin Garcia]] ([[incumbent]]) |votes = 176967 |percentage = 30.30 }} {{Election box candidate with party link no change |party = Partido Barug |candidate = Michael Rama |votes = 120124 |percentage = 20.57 }} {{Election box candidate with party link no change |party = Kilusang Bagong Lipunan |candidate = Yogi Filemon Ruiz |votes = 27652 |percentage = 4.73 }} {{Election box candidate with party link no change |party = Independent |candidate = Julieto Co |votes = 3163 |percentage = 0.54 }} {{Election box total no change |votes = 584103 |percentage = 100.00 }} {{Election box gain with party link without swing |winner = Liberal Party (Philippines) |loser = Partido Federal ng Pilipinas }} {{Election box end}} {{Collapse bottom}} ==Personal life== Rama is an early riser, preferring to wake up as early as 5:30 AM and work eight to twelve hours a day.<ref name="MR_family" /> He is also known to be an avid singer, sometimes singing during events and speeches.<ref>{{cite news |title=Seares: Mayor Mike Rama's song of choice for his May 26 ‘declaration of independence’ |url=https://www.sunstar.com.ph/cebu/opinion/seares-mayor-mike-ramas-song-of-choice-for-his-may-26-declaration-of-independence |agency=SunStar Cebu |date=2023-06-01 |access-date=2025-06-20}}</ref> One of Rama's favorite songs is ''[[The Greatest Love of All]]'', which he would occasionally incorporate into his speeches.<ref>{{cite web |title=Best speech I’ve heard from MLR |url=https://www.pages.ph/2013/09/best-speech-ive-heard-from-mlr/ |website=Pages.ph |publisher=John Pages |date=2013-09-22 |access-date=2025-06-20}}</ref> In August 2023, Rama denied rumors that traveled to the United States for cancer treatment. The supposed official purpose of his trip was to receive a Lifetime Achievement Award from the "America Excellence Awards" (AEA). Observers, however, found the award unusual, noting that the AEA—purportedly an American organization—had awarded Rama despite his being a Filipino citizen, that most of its awardees were also Filipinos, and that the organization solicited nominations through its website, unlike most reputable award-giving bodies.<ref name="MR_AEA">{{cite web |last=Cortes |first=Mel B. |title=Tell it to SunStar: What is the American Excellence Awards? |url=https://www.sunstar.com.ph/cebu/opinion/tell-it-to-sunstar-what-is-the-american-excellence-awards |agency=SunStar Cebu |date=23 Aug 2023 |access-date=6 Jun 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Mike Rama denies cancer rumors |url=https://visayas.politiko.com.ph/2023/09/06/mike-rama-denies-cancer-rumors/ |website=Politiko |date=6 Sep 2023 |access-date=6 Jun 2025}}</ref> ===Family and relationships=== Rama is a member of the Rama family, a prominent [[Political_families_in_the_Philippines|political dynasty]] from Cebu City. He was previously married to lawyer Araceli Lim Francisco ([[annulment|annulled]] 2000), with whom he has two children, activist Micheline and lawyer Mikel.<ref name="MR_family" /><ref name="MR_marriage">{{cite news |title=Rama weds former CH employee |url=https://www.sunstar.com.ph/cebu/local-news/rama-weds-former-ch-employee |access-date=30 Oct 2024 |agency=SunStar Cebu |date=31 Oct 2021}}</ref> From 2004 to 2015, Rama was in a relationship with fellow lawyer, city councilor, and longtime political ally Jocelyn "Joy" Pesquera.<ref>{{cite news |last=Fernandez |first=Connie E. |title=For the love of Mike |url=https://cebudailynews.inquirer.net/85972/for-the-love-of-mike |agency=Cebu Daily News |date=2016-02-14 |access-date=2025-06-09}}</ref> In 2015, speculation emerged about an affair between Rama and [[Catbalogan]] Mayor [[Stephany Uy-Tan]] (married to [[Legislative_districts_of_Samar#1st_District|Samar 1st District]] Rep. Stephen James Tan), whom Rama invited to join him and his family for a photo onstage after his speech during his July 4 State of the City Address. Pesquera later confirmed a connection between the alleged affair and her breakup with Rama.<ref>{{cite news |last=Nalzaro |first=Bobby |title=Just keeping the love alive |url=https://www.sunstar.com.ph/more-articles/nalzaro-just-keeping-the-love-alive |agency=SunStar Cebu |date=2015-06-21 |access-date=2025-06-09}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Rama's rumored ex‑GF facing plunder complaint before anti‑graft office |url=https://www.sunstar.com.ph/cebu/local-news/ramas-rumored-ex-gf-facing-plunder-complaint-before-anti-graft-office |agency=SunStar Cebu |date=2018-06-08 |access-date=2025-06-09}}</ref> On October 28, 2021, Rama married former city hall employee Malou Jimenez Mandanat in a civil ceremony, and on October 24, 2024 in a church wedding officiated by [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cebu|Cebu Archbishop]] [[José S. Palma]]. Rama and Mandanat have one child together.<ref name="MR_marriage" /><ref>{{cite news |last1=Limpag |first1=Max |title=On church annulments: How Mike, Malou Rama got married at Cebu Cathedral |url=https://www.rappler.com/philippines/visayas/church-annulments-how-mike-malou-rama-got-married-in-cebu-cathedral/ |access-date=2 June 2025 |agency=Rappler |date=30 Oct 2024}}</ref> The following are a list of Rama's relatives involved in politics and government, sorted in order of [[consanguinity]]: * '''Spouses:''' ** Malou Mandanat-Rama ([[Birth_name#Maiden_and_married_names|née]] Jimenez Mandanat), married 2021, former Cebu City Hall employee<ref name="MR_marriage" /> ** Araceli Lim Francisco, annulled 2000, Eastern Visayas Director of the [[Bureau of Internal Revenue]] (BIR)<ref name="MR_marriage" /><ref>{{cite news |last1=Lao |first1=Garry |title=Rama defends ex-wife on "ill-gotten wealth" |url=https://www.philstar.com/cebu-news/2011/03/18/667003/rama-defends-ex-wife-ill-gotten-wealth |access-date=2 June 2025 |agency=PhilSTAR |date=18 Mar 2011}}</ref> * '''Son:''' Mikel F. Rama (born 1985), lawyer and Cebu City Councilor-elect from the 2nd (South) District<ref>{{cite web |title = Certificate of Candidacy – Mikel Rama (Cebu City, 2nd District) |url = https://comelec.gov.ph/php-tpls-attachments/2025NLE/COC_2025NLE/COC_Local/COC_Local_R7/CEBU/CEBU_CITY/COUN_D2_RAMA_MIKEL_F.pdf |website = Commission on Elections |access-date = 2 Jun 2025 |date = 3 Oct 2024 |format = PDF}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Piquero |first1=Pia |title=Mikel Rama mum on continuing father’s ‘Singapore-Like’ vision |url=https://cebudailynews.inquirer.net/640091/mikel-rama-mum-on-continuing-fathers-singapore-like-vision |access-date=2 June 2025 |agency=Cebu Daily News |date=31 May 2025}}</ref> * '''Father:''' Fernando G. Rama (1920-1991), former Cebu City Councilor<ref name="MR_family" /><ref name="MR_2022victory" /> * '''Brother:''' Eduardo "Eddie" L. Rama Sr. (1944-2000), former [[Governor of Agusan del Norte|Agusan Del Norte]] Governor (1988-1995) and [[Agusan_del_Norte%27s_2nd_congressional_district|Congressman]] (1995-1998)<ref name="MR_EduSr" /> * '''Grandfather:''' [[Vicente Rama]] (1887-1956), former [[Senate of the Philippines|Senator]] (1945-1947), Cebu City Mayor (1938-1940), [[Cebu's 3rd congressional district|Congressman]] (1934-1938), and Councilor (1916-1922); also known as the "Father of the Cebu City Charter" * '''Uncles:''' ** [[Osmundo Rama|Osmundo "Mundo" G. Rama]] (1914-1998), doctor, former [[Governor of Cebu|Governor of Cebu Province]] (1969-1976; 1986-1988) and Vice Governor (1968-1969) ** [[Napoleon Rama|Napoleon "Nap" G. Rama]] (1923-2016), lawyer, journalist, vice president of the [[Philippine Constitutional Convention of 1971|1971 Contitutional Convention]] and member of the [[Philippine Constitutional Commission of 1986|1986 Constitutional Commission]] ** Clemente "Cle" G. Rama (1935-2006), former Cebu City Councilor<ref name="MR_CleRama" /> * '''Nephew:''' Eduardo "Edu" R. Rama Jr. (born 1978), incumbent [[Cebu City's 2nd congressional district|Congressman from Cebu City's 2nd (South) District]] (since 2019), former City Councilor (2004-2013; 2016-2019), and former head of barangay affairs (2013-2016) * '''Cousins:''' ** George R. Rama (1949-2021), former Cebu City Councilor (2001-2004) and [[Barangay Captain]] of Basak San Nicolas, Cebu City<ref>{{cite news |last1=Quintas |first1=Kristine |title=George Rama passes away |url=https://www.philstar.com/the-freeman/cebu-news/2015/01/27/1417258/george-rama-passes-away |access-date=3 June 2025 |agency=The Freeman |date=27 Jan 2015}}</ref> ** [[Anabelle Rama]] (born 1952), talent manager, celebrity businesswoman, and [[2013_Cebu_City_local_elections#1st_District|2013 candidate]] for Congresswoman from [[Cebu City's 1st congressional district|Cebu City's 1st (North) District]]; mother of celebrities [[Ruffa Gutierrez|Ruffa]], [[Richard Gutierrez|Richard]], and [[Raymond Gutierrez]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Annabelle asks Mike for refund |url=https://www.sunstar.com.ph/more-articles/annabelle-asks-mike-for-refund |access-date=2 June 2025 |agency=SunStar Cebu |date=13 Jan 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cebucity.gov.ph/cityofficials/executive/68-mayors-page?start=2 |title=Mayor's Page |access-date=12 Dec 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222095919/http://www.cebucity.gov.ph/cityofficials/executive/68-mayors-page?start=2 |archive-date=22 Dec 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref> ** Enrique P. Rama, former [[List_of_vice_governors_of_Cebu#List_of_Vice_Governors_of_Cebu|Vice Governor of Cebu Province]] (1998-1992)<ref>{{cite book |last=Rodriguez‑Java |first=Melva |title=The History of Cebu, Philippines: Capitol of Cebu |series=Cebu Provincial History Series; vol. 55 |publisher=Provincial Government of Cebu and University of San Carlos |year=2014 |location=Cebu City |isbn=9789719972167}}</ref> ** Dario P. Rama Jr., former Commissioner of the Presidential Anti-Graft Commission (early 2000's)<ref>{{cite news |title=EDITORYAL – Anti-Graft Commission makupad sa mga corrupt! |url=https://www.philstar.com/opinyon/2003/05/24/207392/editoryal-150-anti-graft-commission-makupad-sa-mga-corrupt |access-date=3 June 2025 |agency=PhilSTAR |date=4 May 2003}}</ref> and Cebu City Assistant Prosecutor<ref>{{cite news |title=Administrative Order No. 71, s. 1993 |url=https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1993/07/29/administrative-order-no-71-s-1993/ |access-date=3 June 2025 |agency=Official Gazette |date=29 July 1993}}</ref> ==Honors and awards== Rama is a recipient of the following honors and awards: * People Manager of the Year for the public sector category, given by the People Management Association of the Philippines (PMAP) as its first award in the said category, September 2014;<ref name="MR_PMAP" /> * Doctor in Philosophy with a major in Transformative Leadership, ''[[Honorary degree|honoris causa]]'', given by Northwestern Christian University, January 2023;<ref>{{cite news |title=Rama conferred with doctorate degree |url=https://www.philstar.com/the-freeman/cebu-news/2023/01/07/2235913/rama-conferred-doctorate-degree |agency=The Freeman |date=2023-01-07 |access-date=2025-06-20}}</ref> * Lifetime Achievement Award, given by the American Excellence Awards, August 2023;<ref name="MR_AEA" /> * Hall of Fame Awardee, given by [[San Beda College of Law]] on its 75th anniversary, November 2023.<ref>{{cite news |title=San Beda College of Law to hold alumni homecoming |url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2023/11/22/2313269/san-beda-college-law-hold-alumni-homecoming |agency=PhilSTAR |date=2023-11-22 |access-date=2025-06-20}}</ref> == External links == {{Commons category}} * {{Official website|http://www.mikerama.com}} {{s-start}} {{s-off}} |- {{s-bef|before= Renato Osmeña}} {{s-ttl|title= [[Mayor of Cebu City#Vice Mayor of Cebu City|Vice Mayor of Cebu City]]|years=June 30, 2001 - June 30, 2010}} {{s-aft|after= [[Joy Augustus Young]]}} |- {{s-bef|before= Jesus C. Cruz<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sison |first1=Bebot Jr. |last2=Felipe |first2=Cecille Suerte |title=More local officials, youth leaders back state of emergency |url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2006/02/26/323351/more-local-officials-youth-leaders-back-state-emergency |access-date=3 June 2025 |agency=PhilSTAR |date=26 Feb 2006}}</ref>}} {{s-ttl|title=National President,<br />Vice Mayors League of the Philippines|years=2007 - June 30, 2010}} {{s-aft|after= Henry Dy<ref>{{Cite news |date=1 Mar 2011 |title=Isko Moreno gets Vice Mayor's League's top post |agency=The Manila Times |url=https://www.manilatimes.net/2011/03/01/news/national/isko-moreno-gets-vice-mayors-leagues-top-post/642438 |last=Canlas |first=Jomar |access-date=15 Apr 2022}}</ref>}} |- {{s-bef|before= [[Tomas Osmeña]]}} {{s-ttl|title= [[Mayor of Cebu City]]|years=June 30, 2010 - June 30, 2016}} {{s-aft|after= Tomas Osmeña}} |- {{s-bef|before= [[Edgardo Labella]]}} {{s-ttl|title= [[Mayor of Cebu City#Vice Mayor of Cebu City|Vice Mayor of Cebu City]]|years=June 30, 2019 - Nov. 23, 2021}} {{s-aft|after= [[Dondon Hontiveros]]}} |- {{s-bef|before= [[Edgardo Labella]]}} {{s-ttl|title= [[Mayor of Cebu City]]|years=Nov. 23, 2021 - Oct. 3, 2024}} {{s-aft|after= [[Raymond Alvin Garcia]]}} |- {{s-bef|before= [[Evelio Leonardia]]<ref>{{cite news |last1=Guadalquiver |first1=Nanette |title=Outgoing Bacolod mayor honored after 18 years as chief executive |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1177033 |access-date=3 Jun 2025 |agency=Philippine News Agency |date=19 Jun 2022}}</ref>}} {{s-ttl|title=National President,<br />[[League of Cities of the Philippines]]|years=July 21, 2022 - July 19, 2024}} {{s-aft|after= [[Joy Belmonte]]}} |- {{s-end}} {{Mayors of Cebu City}} == References == {{Reflist}} <!-- {{DEFAULTSORT:Rama, Mike}} [[Category:1954 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Visayan people]] [[Category:Cebuano people]] [[Category:20th-century Filipino politicians]] [[Category:21st-century Filipino politicians]] [[Category:Filipino politicians]] [[Category:Filipino city and municipal councilors]] [[Category:Cebu City Council members]] [[Category:Mayors of Cebu City]] [[Category:People expelled from public office]] [[Category:Vice mayors of Cebu City]] [[Category:San Beda University alumni]] [[Category:20th-century Filipino lawyers]] [[Category:Bando Osmeña – Pundok Kauswagan politicians]] [[Category:Lakas–CMD (1991) politicians]] [[Category:Liberal Party (Philippines) politicians]] [[Category:Partido Demokratiko Pilipino politicians]] [[Category:Probinsya Muna Development Initiative politicians]] [[Category:United Nationalist Alliance politicians]] --> j1mhglqgbtchhr4mnld0dnff98shco4